: BULLETIN 
 
 AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE 
 OF TEXAS 
 
 Published Monthly by the Agricultural and Mechanical 
 College of Texas. 
 
 
 
 Third Series, Vol. Il. _ oS APRIL, 1916. No. 4. 
 
 Te ——_—_—_—_—_—_—— 
 
 RURAL LIFE SCHOOL 
 AND SUMMER NORMAL 
 INSTITUTE 
 
 Term Begins June 16, 1916. 
 Term Ends July 29, 1916. 
 
 u| 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS. 
 
 
 
 Entered as Second Class Matter August 7, 1913, at the Postoffice at 
 College Station, Texas, Under the Act of August 24, 1912. 
 

 
OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 WILLIAM BENNETT BIZZELL, M. A., D. C. L. 
 President. 
 
 J. OSCAR MORGAN, M.S. A., Ph. D. 
 Director of Rural Life School. 
 
 W. D. NOTLEY, 
 Conductor of the Summer Normal. 
 
 CHARLES E. FRILEY, 
 Registrar. 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FACULTY 
 
 (For the Summer Schools.) 
 J. CSCAR MORGAN, M, S. A., Ph. D. 
 Chairman. 
 Professor of Agronomy. 
 
 D. W. SPENCE, C. E. 
 
 Dean of the School of Engineering, Professor 
 of Civil Engineering. 
 
 C. P. FOUNTAIN, A. M. 
 Professor of English 
 
 ©.) CO \ HEDGES) Al) Bai Pho D: 
 Professor of Chemistry. 
 
CALENDER 
 
 Summer Sessions 
 
 1916. 
 YAN URL LG a eR Ne ae tat AUR NLU a Cae a Registration Day 
 Saturday, June 17........ Classes Begin. Assembly of Students at 10 a. m. 
 HEL Fa Ste: SUV RR NRK aE MRI MR NTU WNC UAUR AA ay WLLL ALE ay VANE REL ARE Holiday 
 URN B A ged BG 4 SRV tae ay aR MEMES OP ARR it Summer Normal Examinations 
 LUE SOY): LY 1.0 use ee Ce NON NT The NOMI DAE Ga ee Summer Session Ends 
 
 Farmers Short Course and Texas Farmers Congress. 
 
 ATS gilt: MIS ERAS RNIN M UREYAD Ys HREM EDN WD MM ARRPCRIMAR UR SQA VAR Mn Led Short Course Begins. 
 A 0 ged PERT ES SAU Ral PAPO ZT UR RR INE SM Opening of Texas Farmers Congress 
 AD») Wigtio  ORaN ag a Farmers Short Course and Texas Farmers Congress end 
 
 Schedule of Summer Normal Examinations. 
 
 July 24, Forenoon—Grammar, Physical Geography, Trigonometry 
 Afternoon—Descriptive Geography, General History, Literature 
 
 July 25, Forenoon—Writing, Methods and Management, Plane Geom- 
 etry, Psychology. 
 Afternoon—Physics, Civil Government, Chemistry. 
 
 July 26, Forenoon—Arithmetic, Composition, Solid Geometry. 
 Afternoon—aAgriculture, Algebra, History of Education. 
 
 July 27, Forenoon—Reading, United States History, Physiology. 
 Afternoon—Texas History, Bookkeeping, Spelling. 
 
FACULTY OF THE RURAL LIFE SCHOOL. 
 
 J. O. Morgan, M. S. A., Ph. D., Professor of Agronomy. 
 
 J. B. Bagley, B. A., Professor of Textile Engineering. 
 
 C. C. Hedges, A. B. Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry 
 
 R. L. Morrison, M. A., Professor of Highway Engineering. 
 
 K. C. Gee, B. S., Professor of Agricultural Engineering. 
 
 W. H. Thomas, B. Lit., Associate Professor of English. 
 
 C. A. Wood, M. S., Associate Professor of Agronomy. 
 
 F. W. Bell, B. S. A., Associate Professor of Animal Husbandry 
 I. E. Cowart, M.S, Assistant Professor of Horticulture 
 
 J. D. Blackwell, B. Pd., B. S A, Associate Professor of Agricultu- 
 ral Education. 
 
 J. A Clutter, B S. Instructor in Dairy Husbandry 
 C. E. Hanson. A. B., B. S.. Instructor in Manual Training 
 
 D. V. Graves, Instructor in Physical Training. 
 
 Miss Cornelia Simpson, Demonstrator in Home Economics, Exten- 
 sion Service—Domestic Economy. 
 
 FACULTY OF THE SUMMER NORMAL. 
 
 W. D. Notley, Superintendent Brenham Schools, Conductor, His- 
 tory and Physics. 
 
 J. D. Blackwell, Associate Professor of Agricultural Education— 
 History of Education, Methods and Psychology. 
 
 C. A. Wood, Associate Professor of Agronomy—Agriculture. 
 C. C. Hedges, Professor of Chemistry.—Chemistry. 
 
 W. H. Thomas, Associate Professor of English—Literature, Com- 
 position and Grammar. 
 
 Hulon N. Anderson, Superintendent Conroe Schools—Science and 
 Mathematics. 
 
 C. E. Hanson, Instructor in Manual Training—Manual Training. 
 
 Miss Hattie Mathews, Primary Supervisor, Navasota Schools— 
 Primary Methods. 
 
GENERAL STATEMENT. 
 
 The Summer Schools of the Agricultural and Mechanical College 
 have been established for the following well defined purposes: 
 
 1. To provide courses of instruction in Agricultural Education, 
 Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Agronomy, Dairying, Agricultural 
 Engineering. Domestic Economy and Cotton Classing for teachers, 
 rural ministers, women and others who may ‘be interested in any 
 phase of agricultural or rural development. 
 
 2. To offer opportunity to college students to remove deficien- 
 cies. 
 
 3. To provide instruction for young men who need to review or 
 to take additional work as a preparation for examinations to enter 
 this College. 
 
 4. To provide instruction in the various subjects required for a 
 State Teacher’s Certificate. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The Summer Session consists of three divisions: 
 
 1. The Rural Life School. In this division courses will be offered 
 by members of the regular teaching staff for the benefit of teachers, 
 rural ministers, farmers and others who may be interested in acquir- 
 ing a knowledge of some phase of Agriculture. 
 
 2. The College. In this division courses will be offered to stu- 
 dents of the regular session who desire to make up deficiencies. 
 
 3. The Summer Normal Institute. In this division the subjects 
 required for all the grades of State certificates will be offered. 
 
 Instruction will be given by successful school superintendents, 
 assisted by members of the regular teaching staff of. the College. 
 
 Instruction in primary methods will be given by a primary teacher 
 of long and successful experience. 
 
 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS. 
 
 There are no fixed requirements for admission to the Rural Life 
 School. Applicants for Summer Normal certificates, of course, must 
 meet the legal requirements with reference to age. Students will be 
 admitted to all college courses offered on individual approval. All 
 that the instructor will require will be ability to pursue to advantage 
 the work undertaken. 
 
 OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF THE SUMMER NORMAL. 
 
 The Summer Normal is organized in conformity with the authority 
 of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The instruction in 
 the subjects required for teachers’ certificates will conform strictly 
 to the outlines, recommended text books, laboratory requirements, etc., 
 
 4 
 
of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The final examina- 
 tions will be held on July 24, 25, 26 and 27, 1916. 
 
 The College offers unusual advantages, to those teachers who 
 desire to build to state certificates of higher grades by giving an op- 
 portunity to use all surplus time for the study of such other subjects 
 of college grade as may be desired. 
 
 \ 
 
 BOARD AND ROOMS. 
 
 The commodious and well equipped Bernard Sbisa Dining Hall will 
 be open to summer school students. The dining hall is conveniently 
 located with reference to dormitories, lecture and laboratory rooms. 
 
 Rooms will be provided for men in Milner and Leggett Halls and 
 women will be accommodated in Mitchell Hall. These buildings are 
 new and fire proof, and consist of three stories and basement. Every 
 student will be sure to secure a comfortable room. If the attendance 
 should justify, other dormitories will be opened. 
 
 The cost of room and board for the term of six weeks will be 
 $30.00. This does not include laundry. 
 
 LOCATION 
 
 The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas is located on 
 the Houston & Texas Central Railroad and the Fort Worth division of 
 the International & Great Northern Ry., 96 miles north of Houston. 
 Both railroads run through the College grounds. The stations are 
 only a short distance from the Academic Building. 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 College Station is a Money Order Office. Letters for summer 
 school students should be addressed in care Faculty Exchange, College 
 
 Station, Texas. At College Station there are telegraph and express 
 offices. 
 
 COLLEGE CONVENIENCES 
 
 The dormitories and other college buildings contain all modern 
 conveniences, such as electric lights, sewage connection, running 
 water, etc. Drinking water is supplied by artesian wells. The sani- 
 tary condition of the campus is carefully supervised by the College 
 
 Surgeon and the health of the College community throughout the 
 year is excellent. 
 
 * 
 
 COLLEGE FACILITIES 
 
 All the educational facilities of the College will be placed at the 
 disposal of the students of the Summer School. The College Plant 
 consists of nineteen brick buildings. Hight of these are used for dor- 
 mitories and eleven for purposes of instruction. All buildings used 
 for instruction are well equipped with laboratories and practice mate- 
 rial. The Horticultural Gardens, Agronomy Plots and Greenhouses 
 
 5 
 
are located with reference to their convenience and form a part of the 
 outside facilities for instruction. 
 
 The library of the College consists of the central collection and 
 the several groups of departmental libraries. The general library is 
 housed in the main Academic Building- and consists of about 5,000 
 volumes devoted to general literary and reference work. All the lead- 
 ing magazines and a number of daily papers are received at the libra- 
 ry. All college departments have well established technical libraries 
 for the use of students interested in special subjects. The general 
 library will be open during the summer session’ on week days from 
 9 a. m. until 5 p. m. and from 8 to 10 p. m. Departmental libraries 
 will be open from 8 a. m. to 5 p. m. ° 
 
 PUBLIC LECTURES AND ENTERTAINMENTS 
 
 Lectures on pedigogical, sociological and agricultural topics will 
 be given by the members of the teaching staff and by others specially 
 invited for the purpose. Two picture shows will be given each week. 
 An open air theater will be provided for all picture shows and other 
 nicht entertainments. <A picnic will be given complimentary to the 
 summer school students at a near-by lake on July 4th. The Y. M. C. 
 A. will be open all summer and a number of social gatherings will 
 be held in the lobby of this building. 
 
 No church services will be held at the College during the summer 
 session but the interurban cars running every hour between College 
 and Bryan makes it possible for summer school students to attend 
 the church of their preference on Sundays. 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 Incidental fee (to be paid by all students) —0000020.. ee $1.00 
 Tuition fee for Summer Normal Students ~...0000 eee 5.00 
 Tuition “fee for. Rural) Life \Students ee naa ata e ae 5.00 
 Tuition fee, Summer School of Cotton Classing ..........020000.. 10.00 
 Tuition fee for one course offered for deficient students -........... 7.50 
 Tuition fee for two or more courses for deficient students ............ 12.00 
 Examination fee for those taking Summer Normal examinations 1.00 
 Room and! boaras Tors tern she pie uk Tae de 0 ear ee ae 30.00 
 
 Payment should be made by bank exchange, money order, or in 
 cash. Personal checks will not be accepted. 
 
 REDUCED RAILROAD RATES. 
 
 Reduced rates have been authorized by the railroads for the 
 Rural Life School and Summer Normal Institute at the College. Tick- 
 ets will be on sale on June 15, 16 and 17. Your local railroad agent 
 can give full information concerning rates and connections to and 
 from College Station. The final limit of tickets will be August 1. 
 
 This makes it possible for a person to remain through the Far- 
 mers Short Course and the Texas Farmers Congress if so desired. 
 
 6 
 
DESCRIPTION OF COURSES IN THE SUMMER NORMAL 
 DIVISION OF THE SUMMER SCHOOL. 
 
 The Summer School of the Agricultural and Mechanical College 
 follows the instructions of the State Department of Education, and the 
 outline below conforms to the requirements of Bulletin No. 50 of the 
 State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Summer Normal 
 has received the official sanction and recognition of the State Super- 
 intendent and is thereby authorized to give the State examinations at 
 the close of the session. 
 
 Note:—The numeral following the name of a subject indicates 
 the number of hours per week devoted to the course. 
 
 AGRICULTURE 
 
 1. Elements of Agriculture (5). 
 
 The primary aim of this course is to give the student a better 
 knowledge of general agriculture. It will consist of a definite course 
 in agriculture, as prescribed by the State adopted text for rural 
 schools, supplemented by Warren’s ‘‘Hlements of Agriculture’ and 
 other outside readings and lectures. A field trip will be made in order 
 that the student may become better acjuainted with the field methods 
 of soil preparation, fertilizing, planting, crop growth, harvesting and 
 storing of crops.—Text—Ferguson & Lewis’s “Elements of Agricult- 
 ure” (Ferguson Publishing Company, Sherman, Texas.) 
 
 BOOKKEEPING. 
 
 2. Elements of Bookkeeping (5). Attention will be given to sin- 
 gle and double entry bookkeeping. Practice in journalizing, posting 
 to the ledger, the kind of books used in different systems of account- 
 ing, closing accounts and securing trial balances. 
 
 Text—Twentieth Century Bookkeeping and Accounting, Part One 
 (Southwestern Publishing Company, Cincinnati.) 
 
 EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 3. School Management. (5). While the primary aim of this 
 course will be to give a general knowledge of school management, an 
 effort will be made to solve concrete problems of the individual mem- 
 bers of the class. Stress will be placed upon increasing the efficiency 
 of teachers by bringing them in direct contact with literature and ma- 
 terials invaluable to them.—Text—Bruce’s “Principles and Practice” 
 (C. A. Bryant & Company, Dallas, Texas.) 
 
 4. History of Education. (5). The purpose of this course is to 
 give an understanding, and an appreciation of our present educa- 
 tional systems, by tracing historically, the tendencies leading up to 
 them. The effect of the popular, social and vocational conceptions of 
 education will be an interesting feature of the course. Text—Graves’ 
 
 7 
 
“A Student’s History of Education” (MacMillan Company, Dallas, 
 Texas.) 
 
 5. Introductory Psychology. (5). An introduction to the science 
 of education. Laws of mental development, habit formation, memory, 
 attention, etc., with special application to problems of the teacher, 
 will be stresed. Assigned readings, and class reports will give the 
 students ample opportunity to derive much practical benefit from 
 the course.—Text—Read’s “An Introductory Psychology” (Ginn & 
 Company, Dallas, Texas.) 
 
 ENGLISH. 
 
 6. Spelling. Instructions will be given in oral spelling, diacritical 
 marks, synonyms, antonyms and homonyms. Emphasis will be laid 
 especially on the proper methods of teaching spelling with special 
 reference to the primary grades. This subject will be taught in con- 
 nection with the course in primary methods. Text—McCallum & 
 Horn’s The New Century Spelling Book (Silver Burdette & Company, 
 Chicago.) 
 
 7. Writing. No form of instruction will be given in writing ex- 
 cept in connection with the primary methods course. The examina- 
 tion in writing will be based upon the specimen of hand-writing in 
 the methods and management paper, especial attention being given 
 to neatness, simplicity of form and legibility as taught in the adopted 
 series of writing. books. All students taking the course in primary 
 methods will be required to examine the adopted series of writing 
 books and the instructor will call attention to the principies therein 
 contained. 
 
 8. Reading. Reading wil also be taught in connection with the work 
 in primary methods. The various methods of teaching reading will 
 be discussed and their relative values considered. Students in primary 
 methods will be required to read Huey'’s History and Pedagogy of 
 Reading, (The MacMillan Company, Dallas, Texas.) 
 
 9. English Grammar (5). A tnorongh review ot the subject will 
 ve made, including parsing and sentence analysis. The relation of 
 Grammar to other language subjects will be given attention. Some 
 time will be given to the method of teaching grammar in the later 
 primary and early grammar grades —Text--Smith’s Our Language 
 Grammar (B. F. Johnson Publishing Co., Dallas. Texas.) 
 
 10. English Composition. (5) The principles of English Com- 
 position will be reviewed. Attention will be given to the relation of 
 English Composition to Grammar and Literature. Practice will be 
 given the students in writing themes. The instructor will devote 
 some time to methods of teaching Composition and marking and 
 grading themes of students. Text—Merkley & Ferguson’s Composition 
 and Rhetoric (Newsom & Company, Chicago), and Herrick & Damon’s 
 New Composition and Rhetoric (Scott, Foresman & Company, Chicago.) 
 
 11. English Literature (5). The first part of the term will be 
 
 8 
 
devoted to a thorough review of the history of English Literature; 
 Halleck’s History of English Literature, (American Book Co., Dallas, 
 Texas), will be used as text. The latter part of the term will be 
 devoted to a careful reading and study of the following classics: 
 
 (a) Milton’s L’Allegro, Il Penseroso. (Edited by P. M. Buck; 
 published by American Book Company, Dallas, Texas.) 
 
 (b) Coleridge’s The Ancient Mariner. Edited by W. V. Moody; 
 Published by Scott, Foresman & Co.; Texas School Book Depository, 
 Dallas, Texas, Agents. 
 
 (c) Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Edited by E. K. Chambers; pub- 
 lished by D. C. Heath & Co., Dallas, Texas. 
 
 (d) Burk’s Speech on Conciliation. (Edited by S. C. Newsome; 
 published by the Macmillan Company, Dallas, Texas.) 
 
 HISTORY AND CIVICS. 
 
 12. Texas History. (5) A topical review of the subject will be 
 made. The text will be supplemented with collateral reading from 
 the Library. Text—Barker, Potts & Ramsdell’s, “A School History 
 of Texas’, (Row, Peterson & Company, Chicago.) 
 
 13. United States History. (5) This course will cover the more 
 important facts of the History of the United States. Emphasis will 
 be laid upon the geographical influences in American History. Causes 
 and effects with reference to important political and governmental 
 policies, with special reference to growth and expansion of the nation. 
 Text—Hall, Smither & Ousley’s “The Student’s History of Our Coun- 
 try.” (Southern Publishing Company, Dallas, Texas,) and Cousins & 
 Hill’s American History for Schools. 
 
 14, Civics. This course will give to the student a thorough and 
 practical review of the structure and organization of the Federal 
 State and local Government. The constitution of the United States 
 and the constitution of Texas will be carefully studied and analyzed. 
 Modern tendencies in legislation with reference to the initiative, ref- 
 erendum and recall will be stressed. 
 
 15. General History. (5) The work in General History will be 
 confined to the mediaeval and modern periods of history. Text— 
 Myers Mediaeval and Modern History, (Ginn & Co., Dallas, Texas.) 
 
 MATHEMATICS. 
 
 16. Arithmetic. (5) A thorough review of the entire subject of 
 arithmetic will be made with special emphasis on common fractions. 
 decimal fractions, proportion, percentage, interest, mensuration, etc. 
 Attention will be given to methods of teaching and various arithmeti- 
 cal processes. Text—Sutton & Bruce’s Higher Rrithmetic (D. C. Heath 
 & Company, Dallas, Texas.) 
 
 _ 17. Algebra. (5) A thorough review of the subject will be made 
 9 
 
Text—Hopkins & Underwood’s Elementary Algebra, (The Macmillan 
 Company, Dallas, Texas.) 
 
 18. Plane Geometry. (5.) A thorough weiay will be made of books 
 I, Il, Il], IV, and V. The instructor will lay stress on the fundamental 
 theorems and groups of theorems to the end that the student may find 
 in the theorems or propositions whose ‘solutions are given the method 
 of attacking original propositions whose solutions are required. The 
 student will be expected to solve a large number of originals in order 
 to test out his knowledge and ability to apply the theorems studied. 
 Text—Wentworth’s Plane Geometry, (Ginn & Company, Dallas.) 
 
 19. Sclid Geometry. (5) A thorough review will be made of solid 
 geometry, including the solution of many originals. Text—Werd 
 worth and Smith’s Solid Geometry (Ginn & Co., Dallas.) 
 
 20. Plane Trigonometry. A careful review of the subject of Trig- 
 onometry in preparation for the Teachers’ Examination in that subject. 
 
 i SCIENCE. 
 
 21. Physiology and Hygiene. (5.) A thorough review of the sub- 
 ject will be made. Some attention will be devoted to the study of foods 
 and their respective values. Infectious and contagious diseases will be 
 carefully considered, along with a study of the sanitation of dwellings 
 and public buildings with special reference to conditions in the coun- 
 try. / 
 
 Text—Hartman and Bibb’s The Human Body and Its Enemies 
 (The World Book Company, Yonkers, N. Y.). 
 
 22. Descriptive Geography. (5.) The topical method will be fol- 
 lowed in making a rapid review of Geography. Special attention will 
 be given to a study of industries, products, climate, people and insti- 
 tutions. The instructor will give some attention to methods and equip- 
 
 ment for teaching geography. 
 
 Text—Tarr and McMurry’s The World Geographies, second book 
 (The MacMillan Company, Dallas). 
 
 23. Physical Geography (5) The whole field of Physical Geogra- 
 phy will be rapidly reviewed. The relation of physical geography to 
 other sciences will receive attention. 
 
 Text—Tarr’s New Physical Geography (The MacMillan Company, 
 Dallas). aT . 
 
 24. Fhysics. (5) One double laboratory period per week. As 
 thorough a study of the entire field of elementary Physics will be 
 made as time permits. In order to give the student the laboratory 
 point of view of this subject several laboratory experiments will be re- 
 quired. Stress will be placed on the solution of problems. The physi- 
 cal laboratories at the college are well equipped and normal students 
 
 10 
 
may arrange with the instructor to do more laboratory work than is 
 
 necessary to secure a state certificate. Hours for laboratory work 
 to be arranged. 
 
 Text—Carhart & Chute (Allyn and Bacon, Chicago). 
 
 25. Chemistry (5) This course will be devoted to the fundamen- 
 _ tal topics of Chemistry as found in chapters 1 to 19, of Brownlee’s First 
 Principles of Chemistry (Allyn and Bacon, Chicago). 
 
 MANUAL TRAINING. 
 
 26. Wood Work for the High School. This is a course of wood 
 work more advanced than wood work for the grades and consists of 
 problems in joinery and wood turning, such as are commonly taught 
 in the high school. Hours to be arranged. 
 
 27 Outlines, Methods, Etc. This is not a practice course, but con- 
 sists of lectures, discussions and reports on the purpose and scope of 
 manual training; problems of ‘organization and administration; meth- 
 
 ods of teaching; outlines of courses; lists of equipment. Hours to be 
 arranged. 
 
 PRIMARY METHODS. 
 
 1. Materials and Their Use in Primary Instruction.—The instruc- 
 tor will demonstrate primary modeling, paper cutting and folding, 
 cardboard construction and the use of drawing material and colored 
 crayon. Attention will be called to the adaptation of material and pro- 
 cesses to different stages of progress, and also the correlation in train- 
 ing of the eye, ear and mind in the use of subjects and material. 
 
 2. Methods.—Attention will be given to the fundamental princi- 
 ples underlying primary instruction. The methods of presenting read- 
 ing, primary arithmetic, language, writing, drawing and nature study 
 will be discussed. The Montessori system of education will be ex- 
 plained and its merits discussed. 
 
 A somewhat detailed study of the great cycle stories, such as 
 Ulysses, King Arthur Stories, Robin Hood and modern animal stories 
 will be brought to the attention of the class for the purpose of illus- 
 trating the place and purposes of story telling as a means of primary 
 instruction. 
 
 With a view to meeting the State requirements much stress will 
 be given to Phonics as an aid to reading. Ward’s “Rational Method” 
 and the Aldine ‘‘Method’’ will be used as the foundation of work in 
 reading. Text—Briggs & Coffman’s ‘‘Reading in the Public Schools,” 
 supplemented with Arnold’s ‘“‘How to Teach Reading,” McMurray’s 
 “Special Method in Primary Reading.” 
 
 3. Demonstration Class.—That the work of the lecture room may 
 be entirely practical there will be a model class conducted every day 
 at which the principles and methods discussed will be put into prac- 
 
 11 
 
tical application. This class will be composed of children of the com- 
 munity who are just ready to enter the first grade of the public school, 
 or who have had only one year of public school instruction. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF RECITATIONS, SUMMER NORMAL DIVISION. 
 Subjects. 
 
 7:30 to 8:15—Agriculture, 1. 
 Chemistry, 25. 
 Physical Geography, 23. 
 
 8:20 to 9:05—Algebra, 17. 
 English Grammar, 9. 
 History of Education, 4. 
 
 9:10 to 9:55—English Composition, 10. 
 Physics, 24. 
 School Management, 3. 
 Trigonometry, 20. 
 
 10:00 to 10:45—Descriptive Geography, 22. 
 English Literature, 11. 
 Physiology, 21. 
 Plane Geometry, 18. 
 
 10:50 to 11:35—General History, 15. 
 Psychology, 5. 
 United States History, 13. 
 
 11:40 to 12:30—Arithmetic, 16. 
 Civics, 14. 
 Solid Geometry, 19. 
 Texas History, 12. 
 
 2:30 to 3:15—Bookkeeping, 2. 
 2:30 to 4:30—-Woodwork, 26. 
 
 PRESCRIBED SUBJECTS FOR STATE CERTIFICATES. 
 
 Second Grade. 
 
 An applicant. for a second grade certificate shall be examined. in 
 spelling, reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar, geography, 
 Texas history, elementary physiology and hygiene, with special refer- 
 ence to narcotics, school management and methods of teaching, United 
 States history and elementary agriculture. 
 
 First Grade. 
 
 An applicant for a first grade certificate shall be examined in the 
 subjects for a second grade certificate and in addition thereto in Eng- 
 
 12 
 

 

 
Veterinary ; 
 Wi nessing Vacet ation of calf 
 For Diack ms, 
 
 
 

 
lish composition, civil. government, algebra, physical geography, ele- 
 ments of geometry and general history. 
 
 Permanent Primary. 
 
 An applicant for a state permanent certificate shall he examined 
 in the subjects prescribed for second and first grade certificates, and 
 in addition thereto in the history of education, psychology, English 
 and American literature, chemistry, solid geometry, physics, plane 
 trigonometry and elementary double-entry bookkeeping. 
 
 REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATES. 
 
 1. The applicant must be at least sixteen years of age saa of good 
 moral character. 
 
 : 2. Each applicant for examination shall pay in advance to the 
 person in charge of the examination, who shall be appointed by the 
 State Superintendent of Public Instruction, a fee of $1.00. This is 
 to be sent to the State Superintendent to pay for having the appli- 
 cant’s paper graded by the State Board of Examiners. 
 
 3. A minimum bona fide attendance of twenty days, exclusive of 
 the days of examination, will be a prerequisite to entering the exami-. 
 nation with privilege of receiving a summer normal certificate, aad 
 summer normal conductors will in no instance admit to the examina- 
 tions applicants with attendance records short of the required pent 
 days. 
 4. A person may not attend one summer normal institute and enter 
 the examination of another; the attendance and the examination must 
 be in the same school. * 
 
 5. The law under which certificates were formerly extended was 
 repealed June 11, 1911. No certificate may be extended under the 
 present law. 
 
 6. No certificate becomes invalid under the present law on ac- 
 count of failure to teach or engage in school work. 
 
 7. In order to obtain a second grade or a first grade certificate, 
 
 a general average of 15 (with no grade below 50 in any subject) is 
 required for a four-year certificate, and a general uverage of $5 (with 
 no grade below 50) for a six-year certificate. 
 
 8. In order to obtain a permanent or a permanent primary cer- 
 tificate the applicant will be required to make a general average of 
 
 85 in all the prescribed subjects, with no grade below 50. 
 
 9. A general average of eighty-five (85) on the second or first 
 grade subjects is not a prerequisite in building to a permanent primary 
 or a State permanent certificate; however, the general average on all 
 the subjects, included in the-second or first grade subjects, as the case 
 may be, must be eighty-five (85) or above. with no grade less than fifty 
 
 18 
 
(50) in any subject. As a general proposition it is not safe to try to 
 build to a permanent certificate on an average less than eighty-five (85). 
 
 10. The general average grade is obtained by dividing the total 
 number of points on all subjects in which the applicant has been ex- 
 amined, by the numiber of subjects. In other words, the average for 
 a second grade certificate under the present law is obtained by divid- 
 ing the total of all points on the second grade subjects by eleven (11), 
 the number of prescribed subjects. When an applicant has completed 
 the building process, the general average is obtained by dividing the 
 
 total on all subjects, including the lower grade branches, by the entire 
 number of subjects. | 
 
 11. When an applicant builds upon a second grade or first grade 
 certificate secured as a result of work done in a Texas Normal school 
 or in any college or university of the first class to a higher grade cer- 
 tificate, the general average is obtained by dividing the total of all 
 points made in the additional subjects by the number of additional 
 subjects in which examinations have been taken. 
 
 12. Under the present law, which became effective June 11, 1911, 
 only one county certificate (second grade) may be issued to the same 
 individual. If a person has obtained a second grade county certifi- 
 cate in one county since June 11, 1911, he may not obtain another coun- 
 ty certificate in any county. 
 
 13. An applicant may take examination in the seventeen (17) 
 subjects prescribed for a first grade certificate, the seventeen (17) 
 in connection with second grade, or twenty (20) in connection with 
 first grade subjects prescribed for a permanent primary certificate 
 or the twenty-five (25) subjects prescribed for a state permanent cer- 
 tificate at one time and pay only one fee. 
 
 BUILDING FOR HIGHER GRADE CERTIFICATES. 
 
 1. Persons holding valid State certificates may take examinations 
 in one or more additional subjects at one time for the purpose of build- 
 ing to a higher grade certificate. Examinations in all the prescribed 
 additional subjects required for the higher grade certificate applied for 
 must be completed before the expiration of the certificate upon which 
 the applicant is building. 
 
 2. An applicant may not complete the examinations in the build- 
 ing process for a certain grade certificate, and at the same time take 
 examinations in a part of the additional subjects for the purpose of 
 building to the next higher grade certificate. 
 
 3. An applicant may build upon State certificates only. A sec- 
 ond grade certificate may be built upon for either a first grade or a 
 permanent primary certificate; a first grade certificate may be built 
 apon for either a permanent primary or a State permanent certificate; 
 and a permanent primary certificate may be built upon for a bhay 
 permanent certificate. 
 
 pie A Pa 
 
 14 
 
4. The law does not. provide that an applicant may build on a 
 permanent primary certificate to a first grade certificate. If the ap- 
 plicant wishes to build to a permanent certificate upon a permanent 
 primary certificate, the work must be done within the first six years 
 after the issuance of the permanent primary certificate. 
 
 5. A first or second grade certificate may be built to a certificate 
 of higher grade at any time before its expiration. 
 
 6. A certificate issued by the State Department of Education as a 
 result of work done in the State Normal School or in a college or uni- 
 versity of the first class may be built upon in the same manner as a 
 certificate obtained in a regular examination. The same average will 
 be required on the additional subjects as for the certificate desired. 
 For example, a person who holds a state normal second grade certifi- 
 cate may build to a four-year first grade certificate by passing a suc- 
 cessful examination and making a general average of 75 and below 
 85 on the six prescribed additional subjects, and to a six-year first 
 grade certificate by making a general average on the six additional 
 subjects of 85 or above. The same method applies in building upon a 
 first grade certificate to either a permanent primary or state per- 
 manent certificate. 
 
 7. An applicant is permitted to build one time only on a valid 
 certificate to one of higher grade. In other words, when an applicant 
 has completed the building process and has secured a higher grade cer- 
 tificate by building upon a certificate of lower grade he cannot again 
 build upon the lower grade certificate. 
 
 8. If an applicant holds a valid second grade certificate and wishes 
 to take examination in a part or in all the subjects required in build- 
 ing to a first grade certificate, and at the same time wishes to take ex- 
 amination in the second grade subjects again, he should fill out two 
 application blanks and pay two examination fees. One of these appli- 
 cations must be for building on the certificate already held, and the 
 other for a new second grade certificate. 
 
 9. Passing grades made in the subjects of civil government, Eng- 
 lish composition and physical geography may be used by the applicant 
 in building on a second grade certificate to either a first grade or a 
 permanent primary certificate, provided these grades are not made at 
 the same examination at which the second grade certificate is secured. 
 Likewise, the grades made in the subjects of history of education, lit- 
 rature and psychology may be used in building on a first grade certifi- 
 cate to either a permanent primary or a permanent certificate. 
 
 10. No work completed in a State Normal School or in a college 
 or university of the first class can be counted by applicants in build- 
 ing on valid certificates to certificates of higher grade. The building 
 law provides that the only method by which applicants may build to 
 higher grades of certificates is by passing successful examinations 
 in the additional subjects on questions prepared by the State Depart- 
 ment of Education. 
 
 15 
 
11. It is not necessary to request the department to cancel any 
 srades made in building, as the applicant receives credit for the highest 
 grade made on each subject in the final compiled report. This ruling 
 applies to all builders who have not surrendered their old certificates. © 
 
 12. In building, the applicant must be re-examined in all sub- 
 fects in which grades of less than 50 are made. 
 
 13. Inasmuch as applicants, in building on second grade certifi- 
 cates to first grade or permanent primary certificates, are required | 
 to he exemined in civil government, English composition, and physical 
 zeography regardless of whether they secured their second grade cer- 
 tificate under the old law when these subjects were included in the — 
 second grade branches, or under the new law, the grades in the three 
 subjects mentioned are counted twice in determining the general aver- 
 ages for the new certificates based upon second grade certificates is- 
 sued under the old law. : 
 
 14. Since applicants, in building on a first grade certificate se- 
 cured under the old law to a State permanent certificate, are required . 
 to be re-examined in physics, both grades in this subject are counted 
 in determining the general average for the new certificate. 
 
 15. An applicant may build on a first grade certificate secured 
 under the old law to a permanent primary certificate, and then to a 
 state permanent certificate, without being required to be re-examined 
 in physics. 
 
 16. In returning your old certificate to the State Department of 
 Education, after the building process has been completed, you should 
 pin all examination reports to the certificate to be surrendered, plac- 
 ing the latest report on the outside and the other reports in conscu- 
 tive order according to their dates. It is not necessary to send a let- 
 ter of transmittal, as your grades will be carefully compiled, and the 
 certificate you are entitled to receive under the law will be issued and 
 sent to you at the earliest date possible. If your address has been ° 
 changed, you should indicate such change on your last examination 
 report. 
 
 THE RURAL SCHOOL LIFE. 
 
 The primary purpose of the Rural Life School is to provide in- 
 struction in the various branches of agriculture and rural home eco- 
 nomics. This division of the summer school has been so planned as 
 to supply the needs of teachers who desire to better equip themselves 
 for teaching rural life subjeets, and to give persons, other than teach- 
 ers. who are interested in rural life affairs, an opportunity to get ac- 
 curate and thorough instruction in those phases of the work in which 
 they are especiallv interested. All of the courses will be given by 
 members of the college teaching force. In addition to classroom and 
 laboratory eauipment, the College farm and live stock will be at the 
 disposal of the students and instructors. To this is also added the 
 
 16 
 
opportunity for contact with the research work of the State Agricul- 
 tural Experiment Station. 
 
 In connection with the Rural Life School there is also given a 
 thorough six weeks course in Cotton Classing, a description of which 
 occurs on page 23. . 
 
 Following is a description of the courses offered in the Rural Life 
 School: 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF COURSES IN THE RURAL LIFE DIVISION OF 
 THE SUMMER SCHOOL. 
 
 Note:—The numeral following the name of a subject indicates the 
 number of hours per week devoted to lectures and recitations. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 
 
 50. Methods of Teaching Agriculture (5). 
 
 In order to assist teachers of agriculture in vitalizing their work, 
 cand lead them to appreciate the opportunities for more efficient serv- 
 ice to the ‘community, this course is being offered. It consists of meth- 
 ods of teaching to be employed, including lesson plans, practice teach- 
 ing and observation, together with available literature, and the organ- 
 ization of subject-matter, with practice work adapted to Texas condi- 
 tions. Directions for the supervision of school gardens and fairs, home. 
 nrojects and community organizations, and the solution of individual 
 problems, will tend to make this course both interesting and profit- 
 able. 
 
 Text: Hummel’s ‘‘Materials and Methods in High School Agri- 
 culture.” Mr. Blackwell. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, 
 
 51. Farm Machinery (3); with practice. | 
 
 A practical study of farm machinery including tilling, seeding, cul 
 tivating, harvesting. fertilizing, and grinding machinery. 
 
 Text: “Agricultural Engineering,” by Davidson. 
 
 Practice, four hours a week. 
 
 Laboratory practice to consist of a detailed study of the construc- 
 tion, adjustment and operation of farm machinery. Considerable time 
 will be spent in taking down and assembling farm machinery. 
 
 Mr. Gee. 
 
 52. Farm Motors (3); with practice. 
 A practical study of use, care, adjustment, and repair of gas and 
 steam engines and their application to farm work. 
 
 Text: “Agricultural Engineering,’? by Davidson. 
 Practice, four hours a week. 
 
 17 
 
Laboratory practice to consist of operating and adjusting gas and 
 steam engines for brake horse power. Mr. Gee. 
 
 AGRONOMY. 
 
 53. Soils (5); with practice. 
 
 In this course the science of soils and soil management is pre- 
 sented in a simple and practical way. The following phases of the 
 subject will be stressed: The nature of soils; the kinds of soils and 
 how to manage them; soil water; the benefits of tillage; the objects 
 and methods of plowing, harrowing, and cultivating; farm drainage; 
 farm irrigation; maintaining the fertility of soils; the proper use of 
 green manures, farm manures, and commercial fertilizers. 
 
 Text: “Soils,” by Fletcher. Dr. Morgan. 
 
 Practice, two 2-hour periods a week. 
 
 The practice work in this course will consist of a laboratory study 
 of soil formation, texture, structure, physical composition, organic 
 matter, and water content of soils. All of these practices will be per- 
 formed with simple apparatus easily obtained in any community. 
 
 Laboratory Guide: McCall’s ‘“‘Studies of Soil.” (Published by John 
 Wiley & Sons, New York City.) Mr. Wood. 
 
 54. Field Crops (5). 
 
 A course dealing with the structure, breeding, fertilization, tillage 
 practices, and methods of harvesting and storing of the important 
 Southern field crops, such as cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, 
 rice, sugar cane, and peanuts. 
 
 Text: “Southern Field Crops,” by Duggar. Dr. Morgan. 
 
 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. 
 
 55. Market Types and Breeds of Live Stock (4); with practice. 
 
 This course will involve a study of the principal market types of 
 horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, and the origin, history, characteristics, 
 and adaptability of the leading breeds. 
 
 Text: “Types and Market Classes of Live Stock,’ Vaughan. 
 “Types and Breeds of Farm Animals,” Plumb. 
 
 Practice, four hours a week. 
 
 The practice will consist of actual work in scoring individual ani- 
 mals and in judging groups of animals representing the different mar- 
 ket classes and the leading breeds. Mr. Bell, 
 56. Live Stock Feeding (5); with practice. 
 
 In this course the principles of animal nutrition, including the com- 
 position and digestibility of feeding stuffs and the disposition made 
 of the different feed constituents by animals, will be treated fully. 
 Much attention will be given to calculating rations for the various 
 
 18 
 
classes of farm animals—horses, cattle, sheep and hogs—and the best 
 methods of feeding for different purposes. 
 
 Text: “Feeds and Feeding,” Henry & Morrison. 
 Practice, two hours a week. 
 
 The practice will consist chiefly in calculating rations and in in- 
 vestigating feeding operations that are being carried on by the College 
 and Experiment Station. Mr. Bell. 
 59. Poultry (4); with practice. 
 
 This will be a general course of farm poultry and will treat of the 
 breeds and types of poultry; the principles of breeding and mating of 
 fowls; incubation and brooding; feeding for growth and egg produc- 
 tion; winter and summer management; housing and hygiene; sanita- 
 tion, disease, parasites, and their treatment; preparing poultry pro- 
 ducts for market; marketing. 
 
 Text: ‘Poultry Production,” Lippincott. 
 
 Practice, two hours a week. 
 
 The laboratory work will consist of the study of breeds and types; 
 incubators and brooders; house construction and types of houses; 
 caponizing; candling and grading eggs and poultry; also work in kill- 
 ing and picking; and poultry management. Mr. Bell. 
 
 DAIRY HUSBANDRY. 
 
 58. Creamery Buttermaking (5); with practice. 
 
 In this course special attention will be given to the making of but- 
 ter on a commercial basis. The importance of proper cream ripening, 
 and the obtaining of a definite overrun by the proper incorporation of 
 salt and moisture will be emphasized. 
 
 Text: ‘Principles and Practices of Buttermaking,” by McKay & 
 Larsen. 
 
 Practice, eight hours a week. 
 In the practice work the students will go through the actual steps 
 in making butter in the College Creamery. Mr. Clutter. 
 
 59. Farm Dairying (5); with practice. 
 
 This course deals with the care, management, and feeding of dairy 
 cattle under Southern conditions. 
 
 Text: “Dairy Cattle and Milk Production,” by Eckles. 
 
 Practice, four hours a week. 
 
 The practice will deal with the testing and care of dairy products, 
 the handling of farm separators, and the making of farm butter. 
 
 Mr. Ridgway. 
 
 HORTICULTURE. 
 60. Plant Propagation (4); with practice. 
 19 
 
In this course a thorough study is made of the propagation of 
 plants, including fruits, ornamentals, and vegetables. Attention is 
 given to the multiplication of plants by seeds, separation and division, 
 soft and hardwood cuttings, and many forms of budding and grafting. 
 
 Text: Bailey, Nursery Book. 
 
 Practice, two hours a week. . 
 
 Practical exercises are given in the planting of seed, making of 
 cuttings, and the ordinary methods of budding and grafting. The 
 greenhouses, laboratories, orchards, and campus offer splendid oppor- 
 tunities and furnish abundant material for practical work. 
 
 Mr. Cowart. 
 
 61. Vegetable Gardening (4); with practice. 
 
 Instruction is given in planning, equipping, and operating vegeta- 
 ble gardens for school, home, and commercial purposes. A study is 
 made of vegetable soils and locations, tillage, crop successions and ro- 
 tations, fertilizers, seeds and seed sowing, transplanting, and other 
 problems connected with the handling of vegetable gardens. 
 
 Text: Lloyd’s “Productive Vegetable Growing.” 
 
 Practice, two hours a week. 
 
 The practice is devoted to the building of hot-beds and cold frames, 
 planning and laying out of school gardens, the mixing and application 
 of fertilizers, planting, cultivating, spraying, and harvesting of vege- 
 tables. Mr. Cowart. 
 
 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING. 
 
 62. Elementary Principles of Highway Administration, Construction 
 and Maintenance (2). 
 
 This course will cover a brief study of the problems which have 
 to be solved by county commissioners, members of citizens’ advisory 
 committees, and good roads promoters. Methods of financing road im- 
 provements, administration of county and district road matters, and 
 the main features of road location, construction, and maintenance will 
 be considered. An effort will be made to point out the mistakes most 
 commonly made in connection with highway improvements and to 
 show how these mistakes may be avoided. 
 
 Mr. Morrison. 
 
 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. 
 
 63. Farm Forging (8). 
 
 This embraces the elements of forging work and the simpler work 
 of forging on the farm, including the sharpening of agricultural imple- 
 ments but not including farriers’ work. Four recitations per week, 
 each consisting of two consecutive periods. 
 
 Mr. Hanson. 
 
 20 
 
. MILITARY SCIENCE. 
 64. The American Army (2). 
 
 A brief course consisting of informal talks and conferences con- 
 cerning the history and development of the American Army with its 
 laws, customs and organization, including the sanitation of camps, bar- 
 racks and quarters and personal hygiene of troops. In case there is a 
 demand for same, practical instruction will be given in the school of 
 the soldier, squad and company (manual of arms and marching), also 
 target practice. . 
 
 Target practice can be held on the indoor gallery range or on the 
 outdoor range at all distances up to six hundred yards. 
 
 Machine guns are available for instruction in their manipulation 
 and firing. 
 
 TEXTILE ENGINEERING. 
 65. Cotton Classing (2). 
 
 This course is designed to prepare teachers to give instruction in 
 cotton classing in compliance with State laws, which require cotton 
 classing to be taught in certain sections of the State. 
 
 The course will consist of one hour a week recitation, using 
 Miller’s ‘Cotton Trade Guide and Student’s Manual” as a text, together 
 with practice of judging cotton samples. One hour per week of this 
 practice will be required. For those who have the time, practice will 
 be given four hours a week and students should use as much of this 
 time as they can. Mr. Bagley. 
 
 ATHLETICS. 
 
 66. Organization and Teaching of Athletics in Secondary Schools (5). 
 This course will include a brief outline for the organization of the 
 athletic work, special attention being given to the problem of finances, 
 
 etc. 
 
 Practice—The practice work will consist of instruction in coaching 
 athletic teams. Kyle Field, with all its facilities for ’varsity athletics, 
 will be at the disposal of those taking this course. Practical demon- 
 strations on the field will be given. ; Mr. Graves. 
 
 RURAL HOME ECONOMICS. 
 The Home Dairy and Dairy Products: See Dairy Husbandry, Farm 
 Dairying. 
 
 The Family Garden and Orchard: (See Horticulture; Plant Prop- 
 agation; Vegetable Gardening.) 
 
 91 
 
The Home Poultry Yard and Poultry Products: (See Animal Hus- 
 bandry; Poultry.) 
 
 67. Domestic Science (5); with practice. 
 
 This course is designed to give the teacher, the demonstrator or 
 the home-maker a working knowledge of foods and cookery. Lectures 
 will be given on food composition, functions of foods, dietaries and the 
 purposes and methods of preparing foods. 
 
 Practice, 10 hours a week. 
 
 Special attention will be given to laboratory practice in food prep- 
 aration and serving. 
 
 No Text: Students will keep notes in loose-leaf note book. 
 Miss Simpson. 
 
 68. Domestic Art and Household Management (4); with practice. 
 
 Lectures dealing with the common textiles, their origin, manufac- 
 ture, wearing qualities, prices, etc.; home decoration, household sani- 
 tation and conveniences; methodical work habits; accounts. 
 
 Practice, 8 hours a week. 
 
 Practice in elementary sewing; drafting of patterns, cutting, fit- 
 ting, mending of clothing, laundry work (bleaching, removal of stains, 
 etc.), and judging materials will be given. 
 
 Visits to A. & M. Textile Department will give students an insight 
 into the manufacture of cotton materials. 
 
 Text: “Shelter and Clothing,” by Kinney & Cooley. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF COURSES FOR RURAL LIFE SCHOOL. 
 Theory. 
 
 7:30 to 8:15—Cotton Classing. F. 
 Creamery Buttermaking. Daily. 
 Elementary Principles of Highway Engineering. M., W. 
 Soils. Daily. 
 
 8:20 to 9:05—Farm Motors. M., W., F. 
 Field Crops. Daily. 
 Poultry.\\ TW. Th.,' F. 
 
 9:10 to 9:55—Domestic Science. Daily. 
 Live Stock Feeding. Daily. 
 
 22 
 
10:00 to 10:45—The American Army. T., Th. 
 Farm Dairying. Daily. 
 Organization and Teaching of Athletics. Daily. 
 
 10:50 to 11:35—Domestic Art and Household Management. WE Des 
 W., Th. 
 Farm Machinery. M., W., F. 
 Market Types and Breeds of Live Stock. M., T., W., Th. 
 Plant Propagation. M., T., W., Th. 
 
 11:40 to 12:25—Methods of Teaching Agriculture. Daily. 
 Vegetable Gardening. M., T., W., Th. 
 
 Practice. 
 
 10:50 to 12:25—Domestic Art and Household Management. F. 
 2:30 to 4:30—Cotton Classing. M. 
 Domestic Art and Household Management. T., Th. 
 Farm Dairying. T., Th. 
 Farm Forging. T., W., Th., F. 
 Live Stock Feeding. F. 
 Market Types and Breeds of Live Stock. M., W. 
 Plant Propagation. Th. 
 Poultry. T. 
 Soils. T., Th.. 
 Vegetable Gardening. F. 
 
 2:30 to 5:30—Creamery Buttermaking. W. 
 Domestic Science. M., W., F. 
 Farm Motors. W. 
 Farm Machinery. M. 
 
 4:30 to 6:30—Athletic Coaching. Daily. 
 SUMMER SCHOOL OF COTTON CLASSING. 
 
 The eighth session of the Summer School of Cotton Classing will 
 open June 15, 1916, and will continue six weeks. 
 
 The object of the Course in Cotton Classing is to prepare young 
 men for cotton buying and the running of cotton warehouses, and to 
 offer to farmers the opportunity to increase their knowledge of the 
 leading farm crop of Texas. 
 
 A study is made of the elements which determine the commercial 
 grades of cotton; the influences which affect the price of cotton; the 
 system of financing the crop from field to the factory, and the relation 
 of exchanges to the business in general. New samples are put each 
 
 23 
 

 
 Ag 
 
 day on the cotton tables for practice. and the work is patterned some- 
 what after that of a cotton office. 
 
 The first hour each morning will be spent in the study of Miller’s 
 “American Cotton System,” the Government’s Report on ‘Cotton Ex- 
 changes,’ and other literature on the subject, together with the hand- 
 ling of banking and shipping papers used in the business. 
 
 It is expected that those taking this course will devote their entire 
 time to Cotton Classing, and will not take other subjects in the Sum- 
 mer School. 
 
 Instruction in Cotton Classing is given in the Textile Building, 
 and there the student can be shown the processes of manufacturing 
 cotton and where the cotton goes. 
 
 The Government standards for classing cotton, which have ‘been 
 adopted by nearly all the leading exchanges with the exception of New 
 York, will be used. 
 
 The State Experiment Station has in its cotton laboratory a fiber 
 testing machine, showing the breaking strength of the individual fiber, 
 and an instrument for measuring the length accurately. Demonstra- 
 tions will be made showing the use and value of these machines.