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 MONTEZUMA, OR THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO. BY THE ORDER OF CINCINNATUS. SEES ANG Cee BY ae eee 
 
MONTEZUMA, 
 
 OR THE 
 
 By the Order ef Cincinnatus. 
 
 A HISTORICAL AND SPECTACULAR DRAMA, 
 
 Representing the Fall of the Aztec Empire. 
 
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 JOHN B. MOSBY, 
 Of MOSBY & HODSON, 17 AND 19 WEST SECOND STREET. 
 
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 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C. 
 
The Conquest of Mexico. 
 
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 A Brief 
 
 Wescription of Mexico 
 in 1519. 
 
 HE PERIOD of the discovery of America was still the 
 age of chivalry. Arms was the only profession worthy 
 of gentle blood—the only career for the high-mettled 
 cavalier. To the hooded inmate of the cloister was left 
 the literary toil, and to the humble burger and miserable 
 serf were left the trades and the tillage of the soil. 
 
 The New World afforded a vast field for the adventurous, and 
 many bold explorers penetrated into its unknown regions. Colonies 
 were established, and many of the humble camp followers settled 
 down to traffic with the natives and till the fruitful soil. Some 
 daring adventurers, led by their Indian guides, had ventured into 
 the interior of the Isthmus, and “gazed on the waters of the-Pacific. 
 An expedition from Cuba, discovering the Gulf of Mexico and ad- 
 jacent land, brought back glowing accounts of a wonderful Empire 
 existing in ‘the interior. Much information was gleaned from the 
 natives on the coast in regard to the fabulous wealth and power 
 of the great barbarian Empire, which proved, however, but meager 
 accounts of the real magnitude and grandeur of Mexico when at 
 last it was thrown open to the eyes of a wondering. world. 
 
 This invincible nation was ruled by a despotic king, Monte- 
 zuma, and his nobility. In the numerous cities were temples, pal- 
 aces and public buildings of massive architecture. The people were 
 industrious and skilled in the workmanship of gold and silver; they 
 used a symbolical form of writing; they sustained armies, had a 
 code of laws and a knowledge of astronomy. A powerful priesthood 
 wielded a great influence over the people, and so closely woven with 
 their daily life and institutions was their religion that a short ac- 
 count of it is necessary to fully understand the difficulties with 
 which the conquerors met. | 
 
 The Mexicans believed in a Supreme Being, in thirteen princi- 
 pals and about two hundred inferior deities, each of whom had a spe- 
 cial day or festival. These gods were supposed to rule the elements, 
 the occupations and affairs of man. ‘Traces of a purer religion were 
 to be found underlying the rites and mysteries of their idolatry, but 
 so buried in the bloody sacrifices of human beings as to be forgotten 
 in horror and disgust. 
 
 The greatest of the gods was the terrible Huitzilopochtli, the 
 Mexican Mars. ‘This War-God was the patron deity of Mexico, and 
 the ‘“‘teocallis’’ (temples) erected in his honor were the most mag- 
 nificent of the public edifices. Hundreds of human victims were 
 sacrificed on the altars of this blood-thirsty god in every city of the 
 
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The Conquest of Mexico. 5 
 
 kingdom. ‘The bleeding heart was torn from the quivering victim 
 and offered on a golden spoon to, the hideous idol by the priest, 
 whose gory locks and blood-stained garments presented a loathsome 
 appearance. ‘To add to the horror of the ceremony, it was the cus- 
 tom of the people to prepare the remains of the sacrifice for a can- 
 - nibal feast. e 
 
 A far more interesting personage among their deities was Quet- 
 zalcoatl, God of the Air. According to the legend he was a white 
 man, wearing a beard, who came from the East, and instructed the 
 people in the use of metals, in agriculture, and in the arts of govern- 
 ment. Having incurred the wrath of one of the principal gods, he 
 was compelled to abandon the country. On taking leave of his fol- 
 lowers he promised that his decendants would revisit them, and bid- 
 ding them farewell he embarked in his little boat and disappeared 
 on the great ocean. In this fabled hero the Christians afterwards 
 beheld the Apostle St. Thomas, thus accounting for the glimpses of a 
 higher and purer faith intermingled with the debasing idolatry of the 
 people. The Mexicans looked forward confidently to the return of 
 the deity, and this remarkable tradition, instilled in their minds by 
 the priesthood, prepared the way for the Spaniards. 
 
 A general feeling seems to have prevailed during the,reign of 
 Montezuma that the fulfillment of the promise was near at hand. 
 About this time Lake Tezcuco had overflowed its banks, flooding the 
 streets of Mexico; one of the turrets of the great temple took fire 
 without any apparent cause, and burned in spite of all efforts to ex- 
 tinguish it. The appearance of three comets and a strange light in 
 the eastern sky caused the astronomers to predict the speedy down- 
 fall of the empire. These peculiar events, interpreted by the priest- 
 hood, strengthened the belief and fears of the superstitious people, 
 and combined, with internal dissensions, to make the land a prey to 
 the white race. 
 
 Such were the alluring accounts of the fabulous wealth and 
 magnificence of this yet unexplored country that the Governor of 
 Cuba resolved to fit out an expedition which should conquer the de- 
 sirable land. He looked about for a suitable agent to command this 
 arduous expedition. It was now that Hernando Cortez came for- 
 ward, offering to contribute largely from his own wealth if he should 
 be intrusted with the enterprise. 
 
 Cortez was a Spaniard, born at Medéllin in 1485. He came of 
 an ancient and respectable family, and was destined by his father for 
 the law, a profession having great scope for the ambitious. How- 
 ever he displayed little fondness for books, and early showed an in- 
 clination for a life of adventure. 
 
 ‘The highest spirits of the day found vent in the expeditions and 
 discoveries in the New World, and thither he directed his way. 
 When but nineteen years of age he bade farewell to his native land, 
 
6 The Conquest of Mextco. 
 
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The Conquest of Mexico. 7 
 
 and after several years of wild and reckless adventure he finally 
 settled upon an estate granted him by Valesquez, the Governor of 
 Cuba. By industry he became, in a few years, master of considerable 
 fortune, and when the gay Alvarado returned with the tidings of the 
 great discovery he found himself in a condition to codperate mate- 
 rially in fitting out an expedition, thus becoming Captain General of 
 the “Armada.” . 
 
 Cortez was at this time thirty-three years of age; handsome, 
 well formed, above medium stature, of pale, intellectual features, 
 piercing dark eyes, and of frank and winning manners. He was 
 temperate, indifferent respecting food, hardships and perils, and ex- 
 celled in horsemanship and all manly sports. His manners, while 
 frank and soldier-like, concealed a cool and calculating spirit, and, 
 like Ceesar and Napoleon, he possessed a peculiar influence over 
 human hearts. 
 
 Cortez had now obtained his dearest wish; no longer should he 
 be condemned to a life of calm, uninteresting drudgery, but the wild- 
 est cravings of his ambition were about to be satisfied. Mighty des- 
 tinies were in his hands; the whole world should marvel at his deeds: 
 and, crowning all, it should be his heavenly mission to convert the 
 benighted Indians to Christianity. Religion mingled its majestic 
 power in the motives which inspired Cortez. However unjust the 
 war might seem to others, to him it was a Holy War against the In- 
 fidel. Followers flocked around his standard of black velvet, embla- 
 zoned with a red cross, and bearing, in letters of gold, the motto in - 
 Latin, “‘ Friends, let us follow the Cross, and under this sign, if we 
 have faith, we shall conquer.” Cupidity and avarice formed the mo- 
 tives of many of his followers, but the greater number who embarked 
 in the enterprise were filled with chivalrous and devotional feelings, 
 while the pious Father Bartholem1 D’Olmedo, by his wise and be- 
 nevolent councils, mitigated the sufferings and cruelties of war. 
 
 The importance given to Cortez by his new position and his 
 increasing popularity gave Valesquez great uneasiness. He feared 
 that the bold and dashing cavalier with increasing power would be- 
 come a formidable rival, and therefore resolved to deprive Cortez of 
 the command. ‘The Captain General hearing of his peril, with the 
 decision which marked his character, though the vessels were not 
 prepared, secretly weighed anchor that night, much to the chagrin 
 and annoyance of the Governor, who arrived in time to receive a 
 farewell wave from Cortez. Landing at another point on the island 
 he finished his preparations and set sail February 18, 1519, from 
 Cuba, with his little army, to rend the veil which shrouded the mys- 
 terious regions of the setting sun. 
 
 Cortez had received instructions to look for some shipwrecked 
 Spaniards, who were supposed to be in the vicinity of Yucatan. 
 While coasting along the Southern Continent and islands, holding 
 
Copyrighted March 25, 1881, by Perkins & Stevenson, 
 
 8 The Conquest of Mexico. 
 
 we 
 
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The Conquest of Mexico. 9 
 
 traffic with the natives, he instituted a search for the missing crew. 
 Failing to find any trace of his unfortunate countrymen, he was 
 about to sail, when a canoe was seen pushing from the shore, and to 
 his astonishment a Spaniard, half-nude, came on board. Aguilar 
 was the name of this man, and his story was strange and wonderful. 
 Having been wrecked on the coast of Yucatan he had been made a 
 prisoner, and, in seven years of captivity, had encountered many 
 strange adventures, and had acquired a thorough knowledge of the 
 language, manners and customs of the people. Cortez, appreciating 
 the value of this knowledge, looked upon him as a heaven-sent ac- 
 quisition to the expedition. Once more the little army set sail into 
 the western waters, which seemed boundless, but at last coming to 
 the mouth of the Tabasco River, of which Cortez had heard from 
 former explorers, and for which he was seeking, they cast anchor, 
 and part of the crew, with the chieftain, in small boats, ascended the 
 shallow stream. ~Drawing near the shore the commander, through 
 Aguilar, asked permission to land, but was answered by a clash of 
 - weapons and shouts of defiance. However, in a short though vigor- 
 ous campaign of a week, Cortez succeeded in conquering the vast 
 army of natives, and received from them an oath of allegiance to the 
 King of Spain, and a propitiatory offering of twenty beautiful maid- 
 ens, one of whom proved to be of invaluable service to Cortez. 
 Marina had a peculiar and romantic career. Her father, a rich and 
 powerful cazique, died while she was quite young. Her mother, 
 matrying again, conceived the idea of securing Marina’s rightful 
 inheritance to a son of this second imarriage. The girl was therefore 
 secretly sold into Mexico, in this manner becoming familiar with 
 the language and customs of that people. She was again sold to the 
 cazique of Tabasco, who presented her with her companions to the 
 Spaniards. She was in all respects an extraordinary woman; in 
 person young and beautiful, her manners winning, and her mind of 
 a superior order. She became a convert to Christianity and quickly 
 mastered the Castilian tongue. Thus, through her interpretation, 
 Cortez ascertained many important facts respecting the great Empire 
 of Mexico. 
 
 The Spaniards having conquered Tabasco camped near the city, 
 and sent an embassy of natives to inform Montezuma of their desire 
 to have audience with him. At the expiration of eight days the 
 Tabascans returned, accompanied by nobles of the Mexican court, 
 bearing rich gifts, the beauty and exquisite workmanship of which 
 excited the rapture and amazement of the Spaniards. The Emperor, 
 however, desired the strangers to bear these royal gifts to their sov- 
 ereign, but discouraged any visit from them by saying that the dis- 
 tance to his capital was too great, and the journey too perilous. 
 Cortez, sending gifts, again renewed his entreaty for permission to 
 visit Mexico. After ten days the embassadors returned, again laden 
 
10 The Conquest of Mexzco. 
 
 “WONTEZUMA’-One of the Former Sovereigns of Mexico, 
 
 It is related that in old times Mexican Clothing was of skins or woven aloe 
 and palm fibre, but at the time of the Conquest cotton was largely cultivated, spun 
 with a spindle, and woven in a rudimentary loom without a shuttle into the mantels 
 and breech-cloths for the men. Cotton Clothing may have been good enough for 
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 THE LITHOGRAPHIC WORK FOR THE ORDER OF 
 CINCINNATUS WAS EXECUTED BY 
 THIS HOUSE, 
 
The Conquest of Mexzco. II 
 
 with magnificent presents, but a peremptory demand from the 
 Emperor that they leave the country, as he would under no circum- 
 stance permit the Spaniards to approach the capital. Cortez, though 
 exceedingly vexed, gave no outward token of his irritation, and re- 
 plied courteously to the embassadors, who retired with dignity. 
 
 The natives now withdrew their support and the Spaniards 
 were compelled to rely on their own resources. Though much per- 
 plexed as to their future course, Cortez deemed it advisable to oc- 
 cupy his followers to prevent discontent, and decided to establish a 
 colony. The city was founded and called “Villa Rica de la Vera 
 Cruz” (The Rich City of the True Cross), and Cortez appointed Chief 
 Magistrate. He assumed the position of Governor of a Colony, re- 
 sponsible only to his King, and by this bold act renounced all sub- - 
 jugation to the Governor of Cuba. 
 
 About this time a delegation of Totonacs, from a once powerful 
 province, now subject to Mexico, sought an alliance with the Span- 
 iards to aid them in breaking the yoke of Montezuma. It presented 
 the longed-for opportunity, as 1t opened the way for a quarrel with 
 the Aztec Emperor. Cortez was received-by the Totonacs with great 
 pomp, and to his unutterable delight he learned that one-half of the 
 ‘Mexican nation were dissatisfied with the heavy burdens of taxation, 
 and the great number of human victims for sacrifice demanded of 
 them by Montezuma. In such a condition of internal distraction did 
 the Spaniards find the great Western Empire—rotten at the core, 
 and ripe for conquest. By the aid of native allies the Spaniards 
 pushed forward towards their goal, Mexico, intimidating some and 
 conquering others. Everywhere spread the news of the great war- 
 riors and their deeds. The roar of their cannon and the might of 
 their horses, both seen for the first time, spread dire consternation 
 throughout the land. Montezuma, through superstitious fears, adopt- 
 ed a timid and conciliatory policy, sending quantities of the rarest 
 and richest gifts, hoping thus to appease their desire for riches and 
 insure their departure, but the dauntless cavalier pressed on. 
 
 Alarmed by the bold moveinents of their chieftain, a conspiracy 
 was formed to seize one of the vessels and escape to Cuba. The — 
 conspirators being detected, were punished inexorably, and to pre- 
 vent a repetition of such an attempt Cortez had the ships dis- 
 mantled, and all but one scuttled and sunk. The Spaniards were 
 horrified at this bold stroke, and felt that their destiny now indeed 
 lay in the hands of their daring leader. Cortez, with forcible and 
 winning speech, once more enthused his followers, and made vigor- 
 ous preparations for his uninvited and forbidden visit to Montezuma. 
 With thousands of his Totonac allies he started on the long and 
 tedious march. 
 
 ~ Cortez, always zealous, made vigorous efforts to conv vert the na- 
 tives. With religious fervor his followers demolished the idols and 
 
12 The Conquest of Mexwo. 
 
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The Conquest of Mexzco. ed 
 
 forbade the atrocious sacrifices and the loathsome cannibal feasts. 
 Father D’Olmedo, with great patience, dissuaded the Spaniards from 
 using violence, saying, ‘We must wait till we can instruct their dark 
 minds.” 
 
 City after city, appalled by the tidings of the great strength of 
 the terrible warriors who wielded the thunder and lightning of 
 heaven, and who, with the dreadful war-horse could overtake the 
 Eriitcst foe, sent into the Spanish camp most humble snessages of 
 submission. 
 
 Montezuma, whose spirit was now crushed, trembled in every 
 fibre. He sent an embassy to Cortez, offering him four loads of gold 
 for himself, one for each captain and a yearly tribute to the Spanish 
 Sovereign, if he would turn back. Cortez, filled with delight at this 
 indication of fear and weakness, pressed eagerly on. 
 
 The Spaniards entered the beautiful city of Mexico November 
 -8, 1519. They were filled with amazement at the sight, which in a 
 moment repaid all the toil of the cavaliers. Their long, weary 
 marches over moor and mountain, their hunger and thirst, their labor 
 and fatigue, battle and bloodshed and suffering, all were repaid in the 
 one glance at the glorious city spread out before their enraptured 
 eyes. a 
 
 Montezuma, in regal splendor, with waving plumes, jeweled 
 robes and obsequious attendants, received the Castilian adventurer 
 with grace and dignity. ‘The causeway was’lined with people and 
 the lake dark with boats, all eager to catch a glimpse of these super- 
 natural beings who had, with their small numbers, overcome count- 
 less native foes. 
 
 Cortez, on being conducted to the palace assigned him, with his 
 usual vigilance immediately fortified the quarters, guarding each 
 avenue of approach with cannon. Day after day passed in the inter- 
 change of visits and entertainments. Cortez never forgot for a mo- 
 ment his great object of converting the heathen, but Montezuma was 
 shocked and showed no disposition to abandon the cruel idolatry of 
 his fathers. Cortez had now been for some time in the capital, and 
 having been received with such hospitality, had no possible ground 
 for war. He feared that the Mexicans, by familiarity, would grad- 
 ually lose their awe of the White Strangers and fall upon them with 
 resistless numbers. In this dilemma he resolved, by strategy, on 
 seizing Montezuma, who was regarded with great veneration, almost 
 amounting to religious adoration, by his subjects. - As a reason for 
 this arrest the Spaniards alleged that two soldiers of the company 
 left at Vera Cruz had been slain by natives,and he demanded the 
 person of the Emperor as hostage, to insure the safety of himself and 
 followers. ‘The Governor of the province was also demanded, and 
 he, with some of his nobles, was burned as an example, by the stern 
 Castilian. ‘The bewildered ‘monarch was compelled to take the oath 
 
14 The Conquest of Mezzco. 
 
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The Conquest of Mexzvco. 15 
 
 of allegiance, Cortez at the same time extorting millions of dollars in 
 gold and silver in the name of the Spanish sovereign. : 
 
 Six months had now elapsed since Cortez had landed on the 
 coast. Valesquez, the Governor of Cuba, indignant at the haughty 
 assumption of Cortez, sent out a strong expedition to take possession 
 of Mexico, and bring Cartez to Cuba, a prisoner, for punishment. 
 Being informed of the arrival of his enemies at Vera Cruz, with sev- 
 enty picked men marched secretly and rapidly to meet his Spanish 
 foes. Alvarado was left in command of the strongly fortified en- 
 campment in the heart of the great metropolis. Cortez had cause to 
 regret having left so impetuous a soldier in control. Hearing rumors 
 of a conspiracy among the natives, Alvarado fell upon the Mexicans 
 while they were celebrating one of their religious feasts, and put to 
 death the flower of the nobility. This was too much for even the 
 crushed spirit of the natives to endure, and notwithstanding their 
 terror of horses, steel, and gunpowder, the city rose in arms. 
 
 Cortez, in the meantime, having overcome his countrymen by a 
 sudden and unexpected attack, induced them all, by magnificent 
 presents and persuasive speech, to enlist under his banner. But in 
 the flush of victory the alarming news reached him of the insurrec- 
 tion in the capital. Collecting his forces, now greatly augmented by 
 the newcomers, with their fresh horses and fire-arms, he hastened to 
 the rescue of the besieged Spaniards. <A fierce warfare now ensued; 
 the Spaniards were driven to their quarters, and all supplies of food 
 discontinued. ‘Their position was desperate indeed, and starvation 
 stared them in the face. In this extremity Cortez appealed to the 
 captive Emperor, deploring the awful carnage which had taken 
 place, and affirming that he wished to save the nation from utter de- 
 struction. Reluctantly the amiable monarch consented to interfere. 
 Montezuma, clad in his imperial robes, appeared upon the walls, and 
 suddenly all was hushed, the people kneeling before their captive 
 King. Patiently and earnestly he plead for the Spaniards, but from 
 the crowd rang out a voice, “‘traitor’’; an arrow sped straight to the 
 heart of the broken-spirited and crushed Emperor. From the high- 
 est teocalli came the strange sound of the great drum in the temple 
 of the War-God. ‘The natives, roused by the call from their God, 
 now attacked the Spanish quarters with great fury, and, to add to the 
 direful situation, a mutiny broke out in the camp. Cortez was 
 forced to yield to the desire of his soldiers to flee, and with extraor- 
 dinary energy he immediately constructed moving forts or towers, to 
 be pushed through the streets on wheels, under the protection of 
 which his soldiers could direct their fire with truer aim. A platform 
 on-the top of the structure could be let down as a bridge to the roofs 
 of the houses where the natives took refuge, hurling stones and mis- 
 siles on the Spaniards below. ‘They also carried with them portable 
 bridges, with which to cross the numerous canals that intersected the 
 
16 The Conquest of Mextco. 
 
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Lhe Conquest of Mexico. 17 
 
 city, from which the bridges had been torn by the infuriated people. 
 The perilous march now commenced; every inch of the way was 
 contested; in many places they were surprised by swarms of the 
 maddened natives, but with heroic courage the Spaniards beat off 
 their assailants and finally reached a friendly province. ‘The horrors 
 of this ‘Noche triste” (dismal night), as it was ever called, were be- 
 yond description, and many of the Spaniards were slain or taken 
 captive, a fate more to be dreaded than death. 
 
 After the death of Montezuma the Crown of Mexico fell to 
 Guatamozin, a bold, energetic young man, who immediately com- 
 menced to repair the fortifications of the city, and to improve the 
 rude weapons of warfare. He invited the aid of all the neighboring 
 provinces to unite in a common cause against the white men, and, 
 by the advice of the priests of idolatry, commenced the celebration 
 of great feasts to win the favor of the dread War-God. Hundreds 
 of captives were sacrificed, and the altars were kept reeking with 
 the blood of the victims. 
 
 Despite the defeat and disaster which the Spaniards had suf- 
 fered, the dauntless Cortez again determined to subjugate the Mexi- 
 cans. Gathering his allies and encouraging his followers by his own 
 bravery, he once more set out for conquest. Castilian arms and dis- 
 cipline proved triumphant everywhere, and at last the victorious 
 army pitched their camp in sight of the capital city. From their 
 commanding position they beheld the sacrifices on the teocallis, and 
 by the whiteness of the skin of the victims they knew that some of 
 their own unfortunate brethren were about to be slaughtered and 
 the remains to form later a cannibal feast. The stupefied Spaniards 
 beheld this horrible spectacle with sickening feelings, and with relig- 
 ious fervor determined that from those reeking altars should rise 
 the blessed sign of the Cross, pronouncing the end of all human sac- 
 rifices, and a reign of peace. All thoughts of spoil and plunder were 
 forgotten in the horror of these terrible sights,and but one idea 
 seemed uppermost—the total destruction of the blood-stained idols 
 and the idolatrous priesthood. 
 
 Cortez, having carried from the coast the useful parts of his 
 dismantled ships, had constructed a fleet in the interior, which, to 
 the amazement of the natives, he launched on the bosom of the lake 
 which formed a great defense to the capital. With these great 
 ‘“‘white-winged birds,” the improvements of civilized warfare, and the 
 courage of his followers, he at last succeeded in overcoming the des- 
 perate Mexicans, and with waving banners and shouts of triumph, 
 hurled from the teocallis the Mexican Gods, so long worshiped by 
 the deluded people, and above the burning city waved the banner of 
 Castile and the Cross of Christianity. 
 
18 The Conquest of Mextco. 
 
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 ON SOS SNES SOO 
 
 PART I. 
 THE CITY OF TENOCHTITLAN, OR MEXICO. 
 
 SCENE—In the foreground the Lake of Tezcuco, with the ‘‘chi- 
 nampas,”’ or Floating Gardens, bridged by a causeway which connects 
 the city with the main-land. To the right and left, Rocky Passes. 
 In the great square, the “‘tianquez,” or Great Market. To the left, 
 the Palace of Axayacatl and Gymnasium; to.the right, the Palace of 
 Montezuma. In center of square, the Gladiatorial and Calendar 
 Stones, also Temple of Quetzaluatl to the right. Back of the square, 
 the Wall of Serpents, with armory over the gate-way, above which 
 towers the great Teocalli, or Temple of the War-God Huitzilo- 
 pochtli, and Temple of Skulls. In the extreme distance the Volcano 
 Popocatapetl, or Hill that Smokes, and the AER USES or White 
 Woman. 
 
 AcTIon—Lvife in the City of Mexico. 
 
 TimE—November 7, 15109. 
 
 The Great Market. Throngs of people pressing toward the 
 market; traders come in from all parts of Mexico. Goldsmiths of 
 Azcapozalco, potters and jewelers of Cholula, painters of Tezcuco, 
 stone-cutters of Tenajocan, hunters of Xilotepec, fishermen of Cuit- 
 lahuac, fruiterers, mat and chair makers of Quahtillan, and florists of 
 Xochimileo, chocolate and pulque sellers, all crying out their respect- 
 ive wares and bargaining with purchasers, slave traders; all is bustle 
 and life. The causeway is thronged with people on their way to 
 the city. Canoes come up the lake with marketing. The Floating 
 
 Gardens. 
 THE FEAST OF QUETZAL. 
 
 Games now begin. Jugglers and dancing girls appear. ‘Tight- 
 rope walkers, runners, spear throwers, archers. Foot ball—throwing 
 the ball through a hole in a stone similar to a mill-stone. Human 
 inonster and grotesque dance. 
 
 FLYING MACHINE. 
 
 A tall, straight tree, stripped of its branches; from the top fae 
 four ropes supporting a square frame, to which are attached four 
 _ other ropes which are twisted about the tree. Four men, dressed as 
 great birds, mount to the top of the tree, where they fasten them- 
 selves to the’ends of the ropes, then swing out into space. As they 
 do this the frame is put into motion and they revolve about the tree; 
 
2 
 
 e) 
 
 The Conquest of Mexico. 
 
 HENRY IMBUS, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Manufacturer and Dealer i 
 
 eee IN See 
 
 HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, 
 
 299 West Fifth Street, mF eee CINCINNATI, O. 
 
 WALTZES FROM MONTEZUMA, or THE CONQUEST OF 
 MEXICO, for Piano, by H. CEROLD, 60 Cents. 
 
 THE CENTRAL MUSIC HOUSE. 
 
 H. GEROLD & CO., 
 
 410 Vine Street, CINCINNATI, 0. 
 
 e Musieal » Instraments, & 
 
 Full assortment of Foreign, American Standard, Popular Books, and 
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 POP WI Arse IN Gass. 
 
 ‘You Think I Havea Merry Heart,’’ Gerold,................ 40 cents. 
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 The Fall of Babylon Grand March, 60 cents; The Fall of Babylon Ballet and Fragments, four num- 
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 Centennial March—this has the finest colored title ever issued—75 cents; Festival March, 60 cents, 
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 Orchestra, by H. Gerold, 75 cents; Festival March, arranged for Reed Band by H. Gerold, $1.00. 
 
The Conquest of Mexico. 21 
 
 the ropes untwisting and their flights becoming wider and wider 
 until they reach the ground. ; 
 
 BOAT RACE. 
 
 A fleet of canoes arrives, decorated with flowers; also the Royal 
 Barge, with the Emperor. It has an awning of azure color, studded 
 with stars of silver and gold, curtains embroidered with brilliant 
 feather work. The barge is long and narrow, with figures elabo- 
 rately and exquisitely carved on bow, sides and stern. Waving 
 above the vessel is the Royal Banner, with the Coat-of-Arms of Mex- 
 ico (a flashing eagle holding a serpent in its bill, and seated upon a 
 cactus), wrought in gold on a field of violet. Twelve noblemen pull 
 the oars of alternate blades of gold and silver, which flash in the sun- 
 light at each sweep. The competitive boats get in line. ‘The Em- 
 peror, rising from his embroidered coach, gives the signal upon the 
 head of adrum. In an instant the blades strike the water and away 
 go the boats—a shout arises from the Lake which is answered by 
 those on land. The victor, Guatamozin, nephew of Montezuma, is 
 presented with beautiful jewels by the Emperor. The Royal Barge 
 leaves. 
 
 THE GLADIATORIAL STONE. 
 
 From the Place of Skulls the chanting priests appear with a 
 Tlascalan prisoner. Soldiers arrive in the foreground, and form 
 an arena or circle with their shields. Warriors fill the streets 
 with flashing arms and gorgeous regalia. A Tlascalan prisoner is 
 tied by the left foot to a ring in the gladitorial stone; his body is 
 naked save a girdle around his loins. An officer comes forward and 
 gives the unfortunate victim a bright and heavy falchion of itzli, 
 which he takes with dull indifference. An Aztec soldier now mounts 
 the stone and in a moment deals a blow at the captive. The glad- 
 iator parries it with his blade, breaking the soldier’s arm. Another 
 mounts the stone and is likewise disabled. Six warriors are con- 
 quered in this manner, and according to the custom the Tlascalan 
 warrior is set free. The fiendish mob, however, set up a shout of 
 anger and disappointment.- “Away with him! sacrifice him!” is 
 echoed by a thousand tongues. Suddenly the great drum is heard, 
 the keeper of the Temple rushes within the wall of the shields; his 
 dress is in disorder, his hair and beard are fluttering in the air. 
 Waving his hands wildly he cries, ‘‘Woe is Tenochtitlan! Quetzal, 
 the unknown God, has arrived!” 
 
 THE SHOOTING STAR. 
 
 Spaniards are seen crossing the Volcano in the distance; terror 
 seizes all the populace. The Volcano in eruption; one of the towers 
 on the Temple catches on fire. 
 
22 The Conquest of Mexico. 
 
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 Under Nero, and Conquest 
 of Mexico. 
 
The Conquest of Mextco. : 23 
 
 PART I. 
 
 Trmk—November 8, 1510. 
 ScENE—Market Square moves away, displaying the great City 
 of Mexico, Palaces of Montezuma and Axayacatl. 
 
 CORTEZ’ ENTRY INTO MEXICO. 
 
 Early morning; the sacred flames on the altars of Teocallis are 
 dimly seen through the morning mist. The populace appear ex- 
 cited; all come out to meet the Spaniards. 
 
 Cortez and his troops are heard coming. Sounds of trumpets 
 and drums. Spaniards seen coming down the Rocky Pass. Envoys 
 appear before the Spaniards with presents from Montezuma, consist- 
 ing of fine feather work, golden suns, etc. Marina, the Indian girl, 
 interprets for Cortez. Cortez hangs a chain of cut glass around the 
 ambassador’s neck. The Spaniards are now in sight of the city, and 
 are filled with amazement at the sight, which in a moment repays 
 all the toil of the cavaliers for their long and weary marches over 
 plain and mountain, their hunger and thirst, their labor and fatigue, 
 battle and blood-shed and suffering—all was repaid in the one glance 
 of the glorious city. Canoes went here and there on the water; In- 
 dians not content with gazing at the strangers from the boats, climb 
 up the causeway, swelling the crowds which lined the sides of the 
 roads. All astonished at seeing white men and horses for the first 
 time, many thinking horse and rider one. Montezuma now appears, 
 with numerous and noble attendants. Three nobles precede him, 
 each holding in his hands presents and a golden rod, the insignia of 
 the presence of their Sovereign. Montezuma, richly clad, is seated 
 on a litter covered with plates of gold, which four nobles bear on 
 their shoulders; covering him is a.canopy elaborately embroidered. 
 His dress was most magnificent; from his shoulders hung a mantle 
 adorned with the richest ornaments of gold and precious stones; on 
 his head a thin crown of the same metal, and upon his feet shoes of 
 gold tied with leathern thongs, worked with gold and gems. Cor- 
 tez, dismounting, advances and is about to embrace the majestic 
 monarch, but the attendants, horrified at such familiarity being 
 taken with their august ruler, hastily interfere to prevent so un- 
 pardonable a sacrilege. Marina interprets that Cortez has been 
 sent by his Sovereign, the great Emperor of the East, to bear 
 messages of greeting to Montezuma, the mighty Monarch of the 
 West. Hereupon the latter offers costly presents and indicates a 
 desire for their departure, but the Castilian most respectfully de- 
 clined to return, stating that his King would not deem that he 
 
 had properly discharged the duties of his office unless he had _ vis- 
 ited and spent some time in the mighty metropolis of the Western 
 World, Finding that Cortez is determined to stay, the Emperor 
 
24 | The Conquest of Mexico, 
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The Conquest of Mextco. 25 
 
 proceeds to escort him to the city, and the entry is one of great 
 martial magnificence. The gorgeous standard of Castile, and all 
 the armorial blazonry of the Christians is displayed; bright lances 
 flash and sparkle in the sun, and the stirring notes of the trump- 
 ets bray thrillingly through the valley, as Cortez, with his little 
 body of horsemen and infantry, pass gallantly along. ‘The artil- 
 lery’s hoarse thunder saluted the city at their approach, while 
 
 ~ the bursts of smoke faded over the blue bosom of the lake. ‘The 
 
 baggage occupies the center, and the rear is closed by dark files 
 of Totonac and Tlascalan allies. Upon these latter the hosts of 
 Mexicans, who have come out to meet the Christians, cast deadly 
 glances of hatred. Cortez and his invincible comrades are next 
 lodged in the Palace of Axayacatl, built by the father of Montezuma. 
 Cortez inspects his new quarters, and plants his cannon so as to com- 
 inand the approaches. In a precautious manner he stations sentinels 
 on the walls. They then celebrate their arrival by a general dis- 
 charge of artillery, which reminds the inhabitants of the explosion 
 of the great Volcano, and fills the hearts of the superstitious Aztecs 
 with dismay. 
 CORTEZ VISITS MONTEZUMA. 
 
 Cortez, attended by Alvarado, Father D’Olmedo, Sandoval Or- 
 daz, Donna Marina, and five or six of the common soldiers, pays his 
 respects to the Monarch. The Emperor receives Cortez kindly at 
 his magnificent Palace. [Grand Montezuma Ballet.| He then con- 
 ducts them to the great Temple and they ascend to the summit, the 
 Emperor being carried up by Indian attendants. Montezuma shows 
 them the altar stone of sacrifice, and the sanctuary of the idols, 
 Huitzilopochtli, the Aztec War-God, and Tezactlipoca, the Supreme 
 God. ‘The priests, with their long black hair clotted with dry 
 blood, the smooth stone floor spotted with gory stains, and three 
 hundred hearts just hot from the victims fill the Christians with dis- 
 may. ‘The soul of Cortez is roused. Turning to Montezuma he ex- 
 claims, “‘ How can you, wise and powerful as you are, put trust in 
 such a representative of the Devil? Let me place here the Cross, 
 the emblem of the True Religion, and these detestable gods will van- 
 ish.’ Montezuma is shocked, and hurries his irreverent guest away. 
 The Spaniards go to their quarters and convert one of the halls into 
 a Christian chapel. Here the rites of the True Faith are celebrated, 
 and the good Father D’Olmedo prays fervently for God’s blessing 
 upon His frail creatures of every name and nation. 
 
 ANXIETY OF CORTEZ. 
 
 He is perplexed—knows not what step to take next. Being 
 treated with such great hospitality, he has no cause for war, but nev- 
 ertheless has determined on conquest. He fears that the Mexicans . 
 will gradually lose their dread of the white men and fall upon them 
 
26 The Conquest of Mexteo. 
 
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 il an 
 
 The Leading Musical Organization in the City. 
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 TELEPHONE 2024. CINCINNATI, O. 
 
 This organization, composed of first-class musicians only, is prepared to furnish 
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The Conquest of Mextco. 27 
 
 with resistless numbers. In this dilemma the bold Spaniard resolves 
 to seize the person of Montezuma, who is regarded by his subjects 
 with almost religious adoration. The Spaniards march to the Palace 
 and ask audience with the Emperor, which is readily granted them. 
 [Spanish Drill and Tactics.) Cortez alleges, as a reason for arrest- 
 ing: him, the senseless pretext that two soldiers of the Company left 
 Pat Vera Cruz had been waylaid by the natives and slain. Quauh- 
 popoca, the Indian Governor in whose province the violence had oc- 
 curred, is sent for. Obediently he comes, carried on a litter attended 
 pby his chiefs. Cortez is allowed to pronounce sentence, and dooms 
 them all to be burned alive in the great court of the city, to set an 
 example to the people. From the public arsenals are brought the 
 arrows, javelins, and other weapons of warfare, to form an-immense 
 funeral pyre. Thus, while showing the terrible vengeance of the 
 white man, he at the same time disarms the city. Hundreds gaze 
 with awe upon the appalling spectacle as the Indian chieftains are 
 burned to ashes. The helpless and bewildered Monarch is then 
 compelled, with tears of anguish rolling down his cheeks, to take the 
 oath of allegiance to the King of Spain, and fetters are fastened to 
 
 his ankles. ‘The conquest of Mexico seems achieved. 
 [Spanish messenger appears down the Rocky Pass. Cortez, with 
 
 a small body of soldiers, leaves for Vera Cruz.| - 
 
 Part III. 
 
 Notr.—Cortez has received information from Sandoval, whom he had sta- 
 
 tioned in Vera Cruz, the city established by the Spaniards on first landing, that 
 
 _ eighteen ships and thirteen hundred men, with twelve pieces of artillery and 
 
 eighty-five horses, had arrived upon the coast, under the command of Narvaez, 
 
 who was to have commanded the ships which Cortez had brought over. The 
 
 Governor of Cuba, indignant at the haughty assumptions of Cortez, had fitted 
 
 out this strong expedition to take possession of Mexico, and bring Cortez home 
 
 a prisoner for punishment. Seeing danger thickening around him on every 
 
 hand, Cortez, with about one-third of his men marched rapidly to meet his 
 
 _ Spanish foes, leaving the garrison with the artillery in charge of Alvarado— 
 
 ‘Tonatiuh, Child of the Sun, as he was called by the Mexicans on account of his 
 golden hair. 
 
 TIME—May, 1520. 
 [ Vall of Serpents moves away, displaying the Temple Cour!.| 
 
 > THE FESTIVAL OF FLOWERS. 
 
 The festival is held in the court of the great Temple, in the im- 
 mediate neighborhood of the Spanish quarters. “The Caziques hay- 
 ying asked permission of Alvarado to have the presence of Monte- 
 zuma, he refuses it, but allows them to celebrate the feast on condi- 
 tion that no human sacrifices are made, and that the populace attend 
 unarmed, 
 
28 The Conguest of Mexico, 
 
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 The Conquest of Mexico. 29 
 
 Multitudes of female figures are seen wending their way, with 
 burdens of flowers, toward the rich city of the Aztecs, in snowy 
 dresses gathered gracefully around them, their baskets of bright 
 blossoms in hand or on their heads, hurrying to join the throng who 
 are already astir around the grounds of the great Temple. The 
 myriads of flowers fill the whole atmosphere with a delicious combi- 
 nation of exquisite odors. They decorate the streets with long 
 boughs which over-arch the highway, forming a continuous bower, 
 festooned with wreaths of creamy buds. When the stream of people 
 has somewhat diminished in volume, the Grand Master of Ceremo- 
 nies begins to collect the masses into a body, and forming them into 
 an immense line, of a width sufficient to fill the street, they begin to 
 move forward under the guidance of proper marshals, who are dis- 
 tinguished by white staffs surmounted by scarlet crests of long and 
 graceful feathers. Pipes, clarions and drums bray a consonant har- 
 mony to the hundred voices of the minor music as they march. The 
 high-priest leads the way in his scarlet robes, with his long plaited 
 hair hanging behind him. After him follows other priests in robes 
 resembling monkish gowns, then the Temple virgins in spotless 
 white. The Grand Master of Ceremonies next appears wearing a 
 loose mantle of sable; upon his neck a cape or collar of brilliants, 
 coming to a point over his breast, glittering with superb and flashing 
 jewels. Over this his raven beard falls in a mass; upon his head is 
 a mitre of deép crimson with gold rim, his black locks hanging on 
 his neck. Next to the Grand Marshal come the professors of col- 
 leges and schools, then lawyers, officers of government, men of sci- 
 
 ence, mathematicians, astrologers, soothsayers; after these follow the 
 
 nobility, dressed magnificently, with great quantities of jewels, borne 
 
 _ by slaves in palaquins with canopies of flowers. Youths and maid- 
 
 ens of the school with flowers and garlands, music playing, banners 
 flying—the procession now: forms itself in order for the Grand Na- 
 tional Dance. Lines, crosses, and squares are formed within the 
 great circle. The Grand Master, stationed on the wall in full view 
 of the people, with a white rod, signals for the music to begin. Cir- 
 cles are formed of flowers laid in great wreaths upon the smooth flags, 
 
 people dancing within them. The Master of Ceremonies leads the 
 
 Queen of Flowers to a throne covered with flowers in the center of 
 the court-yard. She is arrayed in a light gauze-like garment of pure 
 white with bright blue bands and borders; around her neck a chain 
 of brilliants clasped. Over her head is a canopy cloth, studded with 
 silver stars. Four females wave feather fans. ‘The whole assembly 
 pass before her, each laying a flower at her feet. At this moment 
 Alvarado and his soldiers, who had been witnesses of the feast, come 
 galloping into the court-yard with their swords. Ceremonies cease. 
 The Spaniards, suspecting a conspiracy among the nobles to exter- 
 minate the invaders, fall upon them and hew down, without proof of 
 
30 The Conquest of Mexico. 
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 Papenbrock & Go.|PAPENBROGK & G0.|Papenbrock & Go, 
 
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 WHOLESALE DEALER IN 
 
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 THE W. L. ROBINSON PLANING MILL CO. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM, ALABAMA 
 
Lhe Conquest of Mexico. 31 
 
 their treachery or a touch of remorse, the unarmed, unprotected peo- 
 ple. Some flee to the gates, but are caught on the long pikes of 
 the soldiers ; others try to scale the temple stairs, but meet the same 
 fate. On this day fell the flower of the Aztec nobility. 
 
 CORTEZ ARRIVES ON THE CAUSEWAY. 
 
 NoTE.—Having conquered Narvaez in the darkness of night, Cortez in- 
 duces his soldiers to enlist under his banner. Thus reinforced with fresh men, 
 horses, cannon and ammunition, they are now approaching Mexico. 
 
 The infamous butchery is too much for even the crushed spirit 
 of the natives to endure, and, notwithstanding their terror of horses, 
 steel and’ gunpowder, the city rises in arms. Alvarado sends a mes- 
 senger to Cortez, beseeching the Commander to hasten if he would 
 save them and keep his hold on the capital. The Mexicans attempt 
 to force the walls and overwhelm the garrison with a tempest of 
 missiles, Suddenly the trumpets are heard. Cortez is approaching. 
 The Mexicans desist from active hostilities and convert their opera- 
 tions into a blockade. But how different is the scene from that pre- 
 sented on his former entrance. No crowds line the roads, no boats 
 swarm on the lakes; now and then a single piroque is seen, like a spy, 
 watching their movements. A death-like silence broods over the 
 scene. Cortez rides moodily at the head of his battalions. To dis- . 
 pel his gloomy reflections he orders his trumpets to sound, and the 
 shrill notes, borne across the waters, tell the beleaguered Spaniards 
 that succor is at hand. They answer by a joyous peal of artillery, 
 which seems to give a momentary exhilaration to the troops. 
 Ouickly crossing the causeway, Cortez and his army are soon within 
 the walls of the Imperial City. They reach the great gates of the 
 Palace of Axayacatl which are thrown open, and Cortez and his vet- 
 erans rush into the cordial embrace of their companions in arms. 
 Cortez is indignant when he hears the story of the massacre, and 
 severely rebukes Alvarado. Suddenly the Mexicans renew the con- 
 test with demoniac fury, and as they draw near the enclosure the 
 Aztecs set up a hideous yell, followed by a tempest of missiles, 
 stones, darts and arrows. The Spaniards, waiting until the foremost 
 columns have arrived, then discharge their artillery, mowing down 
 the people with arquebuses. The Mexicans, though familiar with 
 the report of these fire-arms, as they had been harmlessly discharged 
 on a few occasions, had no idea of their deadly power, and stood 
 aghast, with bewildered looks, at the murderous work, staggering 
 under the fury of the fire. ‘The bold barbarians, rallying with a 
 fierce cry, rush over the prostrate bodies of their comrades. A sec- 
 ond and a third volley checks their career, but others press on, 
 throwing out clouds of arrows. «They attempt to scale the parapet, 
 but are shot down by unerring marksmen within. ‘They next try to 
 effect a breach by battering the wall with heavy timbers. They try 
 
32 The Conquest of Mexico. 
 
 ~ 
 
 REWING 
 
 USER 
 
 BREWERS AND BOTTLERS, CINCINNATI, O. 
 
 Ist iA 
 
 \ 
 
 ae 
 
 * 
 
The Conquest of Mexico. 23 
 
 to set fire to the Christian quarters by shooting burning arrows into 
 them. Some temporary quarters within the walls take fire, which jis 
 only checked by throwing down part of the wall, thus laying open 2 
 formidable breach. Cortez sallies forth at the head of his cavalry, 
 supported by a large body of infantry and Tlascalans. The Mexicans 
 are tramped down under the horses’ feet and cut to pieces with 
 broadswords. The Aztecs take refuge behind a barricade of timber, 
 and, rallying, make a gallant stand. It is a conflict of the European 
 with the American, or civilized man with the barbarian. "The Span- 
 iards are saluted with showers of missiles from the terraces of the 
 houses, and are driven back into their fortress. ‘The natives fill the 
 air with shrieks of defiance and rage. They cry, ‘‘ The gods have 
 delivered you into our hands.” ‘“ Huitzilopochtli has long cried for 
 his victims.” ‘The Stone of Sacrifice is ready, and the knives are 
 sharpened.” 
 
 Cortez being wounded in the hand has his shield tied to his 
 arm. In this extremity he appeals to the captive Montezuma to in- 
 terfere and save the nation from utter destruction. Reluctantly the 
 monarch consents. The loud roar and tumult of battle is suddenly 
 hushed as Montezuma appears in a conspicuous place, holding aloft 
 in his right hand the golden scepter, and addresses his people. ‘Why 
 do I see my people here in arms against the Palace of my Fathers? 
 Is it that you think your Sovereign a prisoner, and wish to release 
 him? If so, you have acted rightly; but you are mistaken. I am 
 no prisoner. ‘The strangers are my guests. Return to your homes; 
 lay down your arms. Show your obedience to me who has a right 
 to it.” As Montezuma announces himself a friend of the detested 
 stranger, the indignation of the populace knows no bounds. Guata- 
 mozin, the Emperor’s nephew, comes forward, and with a cry of 
 ‘Traitor!’ shoots an arrow straight at the monarch’s heart. A 
 cloud of stones and arrows descend on the spot where the royal train 
 is gathered. The Spaniards appointed to protect his person have 
 been thrown off their guard by the respectful deportment of the peo- 
 ple during their lord’s address. ‘They now hastily interpose their 
 bucklers, but too late, for Montezuma has been wounded by three of 
 the missiles. The fatal barb has pierced the pale monarch, and he 
 falls into the arms of the courtiers in attendance, who hastily bear 
 him out of sight to die. The Mexicans, shocked at their own sacri- 
 legious act, experience a sudden revulsion of feeling, and setting up 
 a dismal cry, disperse panic stricken in different directions. It is, 
 however, but momentary, as they soon return and again the roaring 
 din of battle commences. Cortez now summons his chiefs to a par- 
 ley. He stands on the wall, the beautiful Marina as interpreter by 
 his side. “If you do not submit, ” he says to the people, “I will lay 
 the whole city in ashes, and every man, woman and child shall be 
 put to the sword.” ‘They answer defiantly, “The bridges are broken 
 
ea 
 
 34 Lhe Conquest of Mexico. 
 
 oye CINCINNATI 8 Hours 
 
 Jig A [ 
 
 94 Miles 
 the 
 Shortest, 
 
 OUISVILLE. 
 
 the 
 Quickest, 
 
 ORLEANS 2 A : 
 —— | Of FZESSSUACKSONVILLE 
 
 incinnati to New Orleans. 
 
 TIME, 27 HOURS. 
 
 The Short Line, via New Orleans, to the City of 
 
 MEXICO. — 
 
 12 hours quicker than any other line. 
 
 The Southern Route, via New Orleans or Shreveport, to 
 
 +t CALIFORNIA.# 
 
 By this line passengers avoid tedious transfers by omnibus or stage. 
 
 All through trains, with Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars, pass 
 in full view of Lookout Mountain. 
 
 For Rates, Maps, &c., apply at Ticket Office, 
 94 WEST FOURTH STREET, 
 or Central Union Depot, or address 
 D. G. EDWARDS, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, Cincinnati, O. 
 
aaa ee 
 
 * amazement, exclaiming, ‘‘Tonatiuh ! 
 
 The. Conquest of Mexico. a5 
 
 down and you cannot escape.”’ Once more they attack with a storm 
 of arrows and javelins. 7 
 
 EXPULSION OF THE SPANIARDS FROM MEXICO. 
 
 Mutiny now breaks out in the Spar” * >ewp, and Cortez pre- 
 pares to evacuate the city. They constn ‘ oe forts: or towers 
 ‘ ; e has ab. 
 
 called Mantas, to be pushed through the st1. 
 protection of which the soldiers could make \ arip«nclet ‘accomplish 
 its mission. ‘The army then commences its perilous march through 
 the smoky, gory streets. They load themselves down with equipas®, 
 heavy masses of gold and ponderous riches which have from time (& 
 time fallen into their hands. The night is dark; Cortez leaves Al- 
 varado to bring up the rear, and thus they move silently under cover 
 of the gloomy night. They have reached the causeway and Cortez, 
 with his usual foresight, having provided portable bridges, makes 
 use of one here. Suddenly the huge drum in the Temple of the 
 War-God sounds forth its dismal sound. The High Priest from the 
 desolate Temple calls forth, ‘‘To arms! to arms!” Cortez’ army 
 presses on in dismay and reach the second bridge, but when he sends 
 back for the portable bridge he finds that it has become imbedded so 
 tightly into the stones and earth by the heavy artillery passing over 
 it, that it is impossible to dislodge it. Frightful disorder follows, 
 and in the midst of the confusion the thronging Aztecs fall fiercely 
 upon the Christians. The combatants cling to each other, fighting, 
 and fall entangled into the canal. The chasm is clogged up with 
 the fragments of artillery, baggage wagons, dead horses, the bodies 
 of the dead and wounded Spaniards and natives. All the plundered 
 gold and riches, all the cannons, ete., were either sunk in the lake or 
 floating upon its surface. The water is alive with boats filled with 
 dusky warriors showering missiles at the Christians. Cortez and his 
 companions are compelled to plunge into the lake. Alvarado stands 
 on the brink a moment, hesitating what to do; the hostile canoes 
 now swarm around the opening. Setting his long lance firmly in 
 the wreck which strews the bottom of the lake, he springs forward 
 and clears the wide gap at a leap. The Aztecs gaze on in stupid 
 ” A few only escape and not 
 a musket remains. As Cortez gazed upon his feeble band of ex- 
 hausted, torn and bleeding soldiers, he sits down under a large tree 
 and weeps bitterly. Gathering up his discomfited men, they con- 
 tinued their flight. Ever after, this was called by the Spaniards 
 “Noche Triste” (melancholy night). 
 
36 The Conquest of Mexico. 
 
 NNISON, 
 
 Bij FREY, Prop’. CINCINNATI, O. 
 
 Rates, $2.00 and $2.50 per day. 
 
 > Chesapeake & Ohio R’y Go. FEN; 
 
 FAST FLYING VIRGINIAT 
 
 : F Fast Fgngigies) VESTIBULE SPECIAL, 
 
 — WITH — 
 
 Composite Car, Elegant Day Coach, Dining Car (Cuisine under 
 Pullman Co. direction), and Pullman Sleéper ‘between 
 
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 MZITHOUT - CHANGE. 
 Vestibuled from endtoend; Lighted by Electricity, and Heated by Steam from the Engine. 
 
 Leaves Central Union Depot, Cincinnati, daily, 6:30 p. m.’ 
 Fast Express, with Pullman Buffet Sleepers, daily, 8:00 a. m. 
 
 J.T. HARAKAN, Gen. Manager. H. W. FULLER, Gen. Pass. Ag’ t. 
 Meh S 2 SGP RES fro gulp BS oN pee ct oe eee OFLIO. 
 
 GIBSON HOUSE, 
 
 CINCINNATI. 
 
 Absolutely First-Class American Plan Hotel. 
 $3.00 Per Day. Single Meals 75 Cts. 
 
 Extra Charge for Parlors and Rooms with Bath attached, 
 
 The unequaled advantages in central location, liberal management, 
 modern peed ceils eat experienced service, and perfect cuisine Hak 
 Saar Gt established the Gibson House as THE MOST POPULA 
 
 IRST- CLASS HOTEL IN CINCINNATI. 
 
 THE GIBSON HOUSE CO. A.G. CORRE, Pres’t. H. B. DUNBAR, Vice-Pres’t & Manager. 
 
The Conquest of Mexico. 37 
 PART LV. 
 
 TimE—December, 1521. 
 
 NorE—Guatamozin, the nephew of Montezuma, is now Emperor. He 
 immediately, with great vigor, fortifies the city anew, recruits and drills his 
 armies, now familiar with the weapons and tactics of European warfare. Cor- 
 tez has also gathered recruits from the Spanish camp in Vera Cruz and his 
 Tlascalan allies, and prepares for a new campaign. He has already conquered 
 many Indian cities, and others have tendered their allegiance. Cortez has 
 caused Martin Lopez to build brigantines, which, by taking apart, he has trans- 
 ported to the interior. 
 
 [Move Wall of Serpents—r. and L.] 
 
 THE HUMAN SACRIFICE. 
 
 The multitude is wending its way to the Temple. The long 
 file of priests and warriors march to the flat summit, with several 
 men stripped to the waist, who, by the whiteness of their skin, are 
 recognized as Spaniards. The victims for sacrifice are urged along 
 by blows. On reaching the summit the unfortunate captives are 
 stretched out one after the other on the great Stone of Sacrifice, the 
 warriors dancing to the chanting of the priests. On the convex sur- 
 face of the stone the victim’s breast is heaved up conveniently for 
 the diabolical purpose of the priestly executioner, who cuts asunder 
 the ribs by a strong blow with his sharp knife of itzli, and thrusting 
 his hand into the wounds tears out the heart which, hot and reeking, 
 is deposited on the golden censor before the idol. The body of the 
 slaughtered victim is then hurled down the steep stairs of the Pyra- 
 mid to the savages below, who soon prepare it for a cannibal feast, 
 which completes the abominable ceremony. At this moment the 
 Spaniards arrive and gaze stupefied on this horrible spectacle. [Sa 
 Ballet.| ‘The Mexicans light beacon fires on the approach of the 
 cavaliers, and the waters are again alive with canoes of the natives, 
 Cortez conveys his troops across the lake in the brigantines, not dar- 
 ing to risk the fatal causeway. The Spanish fleet, with great white 
 sails, darts through the water, overturning the small boats of the na- 
 tives, filling the lake with the wreckage of the canoes. The desper- 
 ate natives blockade the causeway, but the soldiers spring to land 
 and clear the barricades, thus making room for part of the army. 
 The General now causes the heavy guns to be brought up and opens 
 a lively cannonade. ‘They drive the enemy along the street, toward 
 the large square in front of the Temple, a familiar spot to the Span- 
 iards. In the Palace of Axayacatl no vestige now remained of the 
 Cross which they had erected, but a new effigy of the terrible War- 
 God had taken its place. The Spaniards soon destroy the image. 
 The Aztecs, indignant at this outrage perpetrated before their eyes, 
 gather courage, and with a yell of horror throw themselves upon the 
 Spaniards, at the same time they rain a rattling shower of stones, 
 etc., from the terraced raofs upon the invaders, The Spaniards seem 
 
38 The Conquest of Mextco, 
 
 OUR ASSISTANTS. 
 
 SCENERY - - - Designed and painted by JNO. RETTIG, Eso. 
 
 ; : = 5 Designed by JNO. RETTIG, Eso. 
 ay S a Iv ACh \ 
 
 Oe aa aera Pee oy F. SZWIRSCHINA & Co., of Cincinnati- 
 CHORUSES “ Composed and directed by PROF. HERMAN GEROLD. 
 
 ATHLETIC EXERCISES, GAMES, DRILLS, etc., By the West Ena 
 Turner Society, under the direction of Jos. A. GRUNDHOEFFER. 
 
 THE TERPSICHOREAN REVELS, Especially arranged and produced by 
 PrRoF. C. L. W. GEYER. 
 
 THE MUSIC FOR THE BALLABILLE, Expressly composed by 
 PROF. ADAM WEBER. 
 
 ORCHESTRA - - Under the direction of PROF. ADAM WEBER. 
 MASTER CARPENTER - - - ~ Mr. GEORGE FIELDS. 
 PROPERTIES ~ - - - | By Messrs. W. H. GuNN and REMDE, 
 ARMOR - - : : : - - - By Mr. H. me 
 
 Under the direction of the Soctal Committee of the Order of 
 
 USHERS rete 3 : 
 . iT Cincinnatus and W. E. STEWART and Assistants. 
 
 ‘POLICE - + + i  -< In command of Cart. Wn. F, HAZEN. 
 
 te 
 
The Conguest of Mexico. 39 
 
 lost, when suddenly the sound of galloping horses is heard and a 
 body of cavalry comes to the rescue. Cortez desires to spare the 
 inhabitants, but they refuse to come to terms, and seem bent on their 
 own extermination. ‘The Spaniards first destroy their former bar- 
 racks. ‘Torches and fire-brands are thrown into the lower part of the 
 building, which speedily takes fire, and running along the inflamma- 
 ble wood-work of the interior, rapidly spreads, enveloping the upper 
 regions of the vast pile, till the supports give way and the massive 
 structure falls, midst clouds of dust and ashes, with a crash. Sud- 
 denly the horn of Guatamozin, the sacred symbol, heard only in 
 seasons of extraordinary peril, sends forth a long and piercing note 
 from the summit of the great Temple. In a moment the flying 
 Aztecs wheel about and turn on their pursuers. Six of their num- 
 ber, crying ‘‘ Malinche,” the name by which Cortez was called by the 
 natives, rush upon Cortez and make a violent effort to drag him into 
 their boat, but his faithful followers soon dispatch his assailants. 
 The Aztecs next throw heads of the Spaniards at them, shouting 
 ‘‘Malinche,” but the cavaliers give no credence to the words of the 
 enemy. Again the sound of the great drum is heard, recalling to 
 the Spaniards the fearful scenes of the “Dismal Night.” An un- 
 earthly yell is heard from the top of the Temple, and the Spaniards 
 are struck dumb with horror at seeing the ghastly heads of their fel- 
 low Christians displayed by the Aztecs. The Spaniards now drive 
 the enemy up the heights of the Pyramid, Cortez waving the banner 
 of Castile, and reaching the summit a fierce encounter follows in 
 mid-air. The slain are pitched headlong down the sides of the Pyr- 
 amid. ‘They complete the work by firing the sanctuaries, the fires 
 serving as beacon lights for friend and foe, and placing the Cross, 
 the emblem of Christianity, and the proud banner of Castile in place 
 of memorials of Aztec superstitions. The War-God is flung head- 
 long down from the heights; the Aztecs, horror stricken, break forth 
 into piteous lamentations at the destruction of their deities, upon 
 whom they have relied for protection. The Emperor Guatamozin, 
 by advice of his people, endeavors to escape in a boat and fly to dis- 
 tant provinces, but the unfortunate monarch is captured in the at- 
 tempt. However, his attendants throw the Imperial treasures, which 
 he is carrying away, into the lake. A tremendous storm, such as is 
 seen only in the tropics, now bursts over the dismantled city. The 
 thunder shakes the burning teocallis, and the lightning wraps the 
 whole scene in a ghastly glare. To add to the terror and dismay, 
 Popocatapetl vomits out a crimson stream of lava and fire, illuminat- 
 ing the dreadful wreck of the ruined city with a strong, unearthly 
 gleam. Thus ends the Empire of the Aztecs, whose rapid rise and 
 brilliant existence closed with the. most disastrous downfall and com- 
 plete overthrow that ever befell a nation of the earth. 
 
The Conquest of Mextco. 
 
 PROGRAMME. 
 
 Part First. 
 
 OVERTURE. 
 
 Market Scenes in Mexico. 
 Games, etc. 
 
 Royal Barge and Canoe Race. 
 Gladiatorial Combat. 
 
 The Great Drum. 
 
 Part Second. 
 
 Moving Market Scene. 
 
 Cortez’ Entrance City of Mexico. 
 
 Montezuina Ballet. 
 
 Spanish Chorus. 
 
 Montezuma made prisoner. 
 
 Caziques burnt at the stake. 
 
 Cortez, with part of army, leaves for Vera Cruz. 
 
 Part Third. 
 
 Festival of Flowers. 
 
 Massacre of the Aztecs. 
 
 Mexicans attack Garrison. 
 
 Cortez to the rescue. 
 
 Death of Montezuma. 
 
 Battle on the Causeway. 
 
 Alvarado Leap. 
 
 Noche Triste, or, Melancholy Night. 
 
 Part Fourth. 
 
 Human Sacrifice. 
 Royal Sun Ballet. 
 
 Arrival of Spanish Brigantine, with Spanish Army. 
 
 The Horn of Guatamozin. 
 
 The Great Drum once more. 
 
 Battle of the Pyramid. 
 
 The Tempest. 
 
 Eruption of Volcano of Popocatapetl. 
 Destruction of the City of Mexico 
 And Fall of the Aztec Empire. 
 
 Ti) G ath $20 < 
 Ss r ones N ANE 
 
 C NANNATL 
 
  / ia 
 
 "2 
 
CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON R. R. 
 
 THH PULLMAN CAR LINE 
 
 — BETWEEN — 
 
 CINCINNATI 
 
 — AND— 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS, CHICACO, 
 ST. LOUIS, TOLEDO, 
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 MACKINAC and PETOSKEY. 
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 ~ CHAMBER COMMERCE BUILDING, 
 
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"eat 
 
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 a ne Cong, 1 ‘Mexico A B 
 AND THE QUEEN CITY! Me 
 
 VISITORS to Cincinnati will certainly want to witness the ‘ans , 
 peo yeae which will so vividly picture the wonderfully interest- 
 
 ng historical scenes that occurred centuries since way beyond the 
 Rio Grande. 
 
 And, of vainaioe ou’ll all want to visit MABLEY & CAREW’S . 
 fine new store, which, with the older buildings, comprises one of 
 the most eae business blocks in the South or West, as 
 
 Do you know that MABLEY & CAREW’S is the largest and fy 
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 that no other store in Cincinnati can possibly reach, while the mer- 
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 WEARING APPAREL 
 Ladies’ and Children’s Foot- Wear 
 
 IN THE UNITED STATES, 
 And name the Lowest Prices of any House in the World.- 
 
 VISITING STRANGERS 
 
 Are especially welcome, to buy, to look, to rest, to leave their 
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 and hospitable house wants everybody to know that the oors of 2 
 their famed ai 
 
 ** HOME STORE OF THE QUEEN CITY” 
 Swing on Welcome iar to All. 
 
 MABLEY & CAREW | 
 
 Fronting Fountain, Cincinnati. 
 
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 LADIES: October Ist, we shall inaugurate & most 
 ead lie! and elegant Ladies’, Misses’ and Children’s CLOAK AND 
 
 Wrap DEP’T, MABLEY & pecan se