~ Y. “y 1 “ v a ' S } . | } q ¢ Ay oe RS a . x ae Pans ROSS 1 A “7 a ENS © Rot i i AX | . pe x i i - SRN SS ‘ , iN j BASS i | | a uN BERS a gg ay Z, Wo Lge Yes g Yj AL hi LE WS. yj tippy ep Y- CA SE AOA A A > — eo eee SP A wae — —< Cie ae Ca AY XX \\ \ AN \ SS \\\ AK QQ XK Pe ee et i ee AAA SISA a ae Achat leg gd eine CAAA A AMAA AMA fd MAT AEM kag a LA AKA thi Cg EI Fo We, ite Ak hahah ctrl MA hg AAA AAA A A gh he CLITA ty es ty eg Le Ze toy A PIA Ap ee) ee c LE LEA YS WS SS fy tig Lipa Ye os Ge: we WN. Ry SN SAY YY \ WN \ WY NYS Lb oe ge Lhd Tne RASS KK yy ct QSOS . RWWA QA; WH WAAAY MOXA SS . EIA RMr©om©° »»i0°»xmrmonyn SAAR “e fll AAA BUY remmaet eon, STATE. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY nt . Hi. FOSTER RAIN PMISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOLUME V. PALEONTOLOGY OF MISSOURI (PART II) CHARLES ROLLIN KEYES, A. M., Ph. D., STATE GEOLOGIST. i iin Ii ail | | i fl Y] Y i JEFFERSON CITY: TRIBUNE PRINTING COMPANY, PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 1894, BOARD OF MANAGERS. | > ie CXCELLENCY, WM. J. STONE, GOVERNOR OF MIssouRI, JEFFERSON CITY, Ex officio President of the Board. Dr. J. AL BRIVTS.6 sc. sseescssessessevessesee eves tsesev ences sess CINTOR “gb WEOL Te Meier Nn et en tee... Serer pra PRor. E. M. Sueparp, Drury College.............+++++++++++SPRINGFIELD - Pror. W. H, Swamon, School of Mines..........00.e.-.0es0ceee0es ROLLA LAP 7 — q Th q Coch ia : 7 op iy Les ay 4 Bi Maen ns 4 a Ral t Ny AS i" bit : , mtd 4s 9 ‘ 7 14 ay : + To Seay t ? Re. Fann + bela! 4 ¥\) Ser ee Cutie . taal Se At ty Pict hae Pe as =) Aes oe. ee = . ; ~ ¢ ice i iy ag" are & ‘ ’ By ¥ ty é ee * if * ’ -_—~ GEOLOGICAL CORPS. CHARLES R. KEYES, STATE Grotoarsr. E H. LONSDALE, Ass’t Gronocist, C. F, MARBUT, Ass’? Gronoarst, Building Materials. Topography. —— ‘HH. A. WHEELER, Ass’r Geovoaist, ERASMUS HAWORTH, ‘agate Grovocist at Clays. Crystalline Rocks, —— . ay A E. L. CARTER, SecrErary. ; ” ’ * - : * * i . > ‘ , - ’ F, t 4 “as 7 ~ 4 are ! ¥ eo ‘LX, + si? ae - Set! vr es LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. MIssouRI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY? JEFFERSON City, June 1, 1894. To the President, Governor Wm. J. Stone, and the members of the Board of Managers of the Bureau of Geology and Mines: GENTLEMEN—I have the honor to transmit herewith the second part of my Report on the Paleontology of Missouri. With great respect, CHABLES R. KEYES, State Geologist. CONTENTS. Page Pappu SR I PU TEE GUS Mea ees 6 oe u's oven oy eee ae acess. ecole ce nemeoee” aes 5 Ee OU GR Mee ieee IM iiss Vath yee dees seee conven sqddnsees vou 7 Ee TTI a ga os MAS ae nae eee es Er 9 MEE ae ee iiis ic sb ce'ee eet icin Ox oldb.d oGeC redo cdvabs obese i SPURTE TIMER LIILTOUUCGION ss cce cease caess evcvcacesctevsdedcvcesvenens 20 CuHaPreR II. Sketch of Missouri Stratigraphy..................0.6-: 29 CHAPTER III. Biological Relations of Fossils .............222cceeeees 88 SeAPTeR EV. ProtozOand and Sponges .....cscevcscccescncscsecessecs 102 CHaPTrR V. Hydrozoids and Corals............+-. EP ne Pepe ee 104 CHAPTER Vi. Echinoderms: Echinoids and Asterids................ 125 _Cuapter ViI. Echinoderms: Cystids and Blastoids....... sees aac ABY, meri, VIII) Kohinoderms.: Crinoids.. 1... ..0scsccecdeiess easveess 143 Pte s Say VV OLIN ANG) OLUStACCROS 0. icc eis ceases camtwdsveceerans 226. Appendix—Stratigraphic Catalogue of Missouri Fossils.............. 241 Paria SOME OT UHI RINI GCL bey de ciate | 5 vad oy ae oo an nea ls baie oH Ua ws e Oale ewe 5 EMEA OR CHOMILMTLER ou isc a ia ye foi da 'cn tae Ce wae nd EM Rate eens doa ous bobs « 7 ee TAR EE MEM luted ida b-n hove sso Map 09/00 Faure Re pe Ma's oa alte 0 6a" 9 ee oth ae Ceele acco aials av cies dle wee cs No 0c chbabe dee dees screura deawas 11 ee ener OLY ZONA votes Ga cd's aay viea's wakinw\ ney nin dee sine seek ies. + a) LE: Sete E eae | DTACTIODOU Be men ciec cn rsd e's 00 cuwedbecetesesctcsescseces 38 ers) AsAMEMIDTANICHB <,, in e's vcd sere oe 0 a0 ocean scons s Perabo vite 108 Se CUBE MeL S, | (FABCOTOP OSs, 6c cece sa s0s0 tes sly eicipcecneencunencuccres 138 OLY 2 CODUAIONOGE ica cc es cakes sos dee sue neaceasecusaeece'ess 220 CHAPTER XV. Vertebrates ...........ceeeee> ELE HE REI aS Rene 229 Appendix—Synonymic Index to the Fossils of Missouri.............. 241 PLATE i. vale 28.4 >», Ohh + G4 hb 2.49.9) ge XXV. xxvi. xxvii. SOMViil; 2&4 0 & XXX. 02s 2. 4B SKK 5.0.0.0 hae XXXKV. exxvi XxXxvil. XxXXviii. 56. 3.85 xl. eh 5. ib xiii. “LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PART ls Gorge of the Missouri at Jefferson City. Saccharoidal Sandstone at Pacific. Unconformity of Lower Carboniferous and Ozark Limestones. Mississippian Section. Louisiana Limestone at Louisiana. Lover’s Leap, Hannibal (Lower Carboniferous ). Louisiana Topography, Saint Louis Limestone. Juncture of Coal Measures and Saint Lonis Limestone. Carboniferous Rocks at Kansas City. Development of Actinocrinus. Protozoans, Sponges and Corals. Corals. Corals. Echinoids Echinoids. Echinoids, Structure. Cystids and Blastoids. Crinoids, Structure Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crinoids. Crustaceans. | add a ad hla 8 Bl Polyzoans. Polyzoans. Brachiopods Brachiopods. Brachiopods. Brachiopods. Brachiopods. Beachiopods. Brachiopods. Lamellibranchs. Lamellibranchs. G—2 10 PLATE xliv. xiv. xlvi. xlvii. xlviii. licks i li. lii. liii. liv. FiGureE 1. 2. 3. 4, 5. 6. ~I 10. Ls ILLUSTRATIONS. Lamellibranchs. Lamellibranchs. Lamellibranchs. Lamellibranchs. Gasteropods. Gasteropods. Gasteropods. Gasteropods. Gasteropods. Cephalopods. Cephalopods. FIGURES IN PART I. Section at Railroad Bridge north of Fredericktown, Madison county, show- ing contact of Cambrian and Archean. Ideal section of the Deposition of the Ozark Rocks. Relation of Saint Louis and ‘‘ Warsaw ’’ beds at Keokuk, Iowa. False bedding of Oolite at Ste. Genevieve. Relation of the Aux Vases Sandstone. Rocks at Chester (Illinois) showing Coal Measure sandstone resting on Kas- kaskia limestone and shales. Line of juncture at figure 6. Lower Coal Measures resting on Brecciated Saint Louis limestone at Keokuk, Iowa. Plan of Actinocrinus. PARTI, Variation of Capulus equilateralis (from above). Variation of Capulus equildteralis (from side). PREFACE. The Paleontology of Missouri is contained in two volumes. Part I, which forms volume IV of the subject reports of the Missouri Geological Survey, and contains chapters I to IX and plates I to xxxiI, has already been published. In addi- tion to the consideration of the fossils, there is included an introductory chapter on the stratigraphy of the State, accom- panied by a geological map compiled from the work of former surveys and data obtained by the present organization. The second part of the Paleontology of Missouri is con- tained in the following pages. It embraces chapters X to XV and plates xxx1IL to LIV of the entire work. In it are con- sidered the Polyzoans, Brachiopods, Lamellibranchs, Gastero- pods, Cephalopods and Vertebrates. ene ws , CHAPTER X. POLYZOANS. Phacelopora pertenuis ULRICH. Plate xxxili, fig. 3. Phacelopora pertenuis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Dllinois, vol. VILI, p. 406, ni. xxix, figs. 1-le. Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- stone: Thebes ( Illinois); apparently the same form occurs in Missouri below Cape Girardeau. Homotrypa arbuscula ULRIcH. Homotrypa arbuscula Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 409, pl. xxxviii, figs. 3-3c. Horizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- stone: Calhoun county ( Illinois ). Leioclema gracillimum ULRIc#H. Leioclema gracillimum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 429, pl. Ixxv, figs. 6-6b. florizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal; Keokuk limestone: Clark county ; Keokuk (Iowa); Warsaw ( Illinois). Leioclema punctatum (Hatt). Callopora punctata Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 653. Callopora missouriensis Rominger, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Delli. Leioclema punctatum Ulrich, 1882: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. V,p. 141, pl. vi, fig. 1-la. Leioclema punctatum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 430. Zoarium large, dichotomizing; branches three or four mil- limeters in diameter, and arising from broad basal expansions 14 POLYZOANS. or attached to foreign objects; surface even, often slightly spinous. Zoccial walls thick; openings elliptical, surrounded by numerous small mesopores. Acanthopores rather large. TTovizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: LaGrange, Wayland and other places in north- eastern Missouri; and in the same beds of the contiguous por- tions of the adjoining states. | Leioclema foliatum ULricH. Leioclema folatum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 4381, fig. 1 (on p. 301). ; Horizon and localities. —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk beds: Warsaw (Illinois). Leioclema araneum ULRICH. Leioclema araneum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 431, pl. Ixxv, figs. 9-9c. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Chester shales: Ste. Genevieve; Chester ( Illinois). Batostomella nitidula ULricH. Batostomella nitidula Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 436, pl. Ixxv, figs. 3-3b. Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Chester shales: Chester (Illinois); apparently the same form as occurs in Ste. Genevieve county, Missouri. Stenopora americana ULRIcH. Stenopora americana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIIL, p. 437, pl. Ixxv, figs. 1-la. Stenopora americana, var. varsaviensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 487, pl. lxxiv, figs. 3-3a. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). Stenopora montifera ULric#. Stenopora montifera Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. illinois, vol. VIII, p 438, pl. xxiv, figs. 4-4b. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Clark county; Bentonsport (Iowa). PULYZOANS, é 15 Stenopora emanciata ULRIcH. Stenopora emanciatu Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 438, pl. Ixxiv, figs. 2-2a. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). Stenopora intercalaris Unricy. Stenopora intercalaris Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 439, pl. xxiv, figs. 5-5a. ° Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw (Illinois). Stenopora angularis ULRIcH. Stenopora angularis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 439, pl. Ixxiv, figs. 6-6b. Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: LaGrange. Stenopora intermittens ULRIcH. Stenopora intermittens Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 440, figs. 16a-b. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). Stenopora tuberculata (PRovt). Flustra tuberculata Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acid. Sci., vol. I, p. 447, pl. xvii, figs. 3-3d. Cyclopora polymorpha ? Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 578. Cyclopora polymorpha Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 421, pl. xxi, figs. 5-5b. Stenopora tuberculata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 441, figs. 17a-b. Zoarium variable in size and shape, forming thin expan- sions on shells of brachiopods and the hard parts of other organisms; often free, with a well-defined and wrinkled epitheca on the under side. Surface nearly smooth. Zoccial openings sub-circular or rounded polygonal; tubes prostrate at first, but rapidly curving outward; walls thin. Mesopores not abundant; diaphragms numerous. Acanthopores of medium size. 16 POLYZOANS. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (Saint Louis county); Kaskaskia limestone: Chester (Illinois). | Stenopora cestriensis ULrRicnH. Stenopora cestriensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p 442, pl. Ixxiv, figs. 7-7a. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia ‘limestone: Chester (Illinois ). Stenopora meekana ULRICH. Stenopora meekana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 443, pl |xxiii, figs. 7-7a. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). Anisotrypa solida ULricz. Anisoirypa solida Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 449, pl. Ixxii, figs. 9-9e. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve county; Chester (Illinois). Fistulipora compressa RomMInGcErR. Fistulipora compressa Rominger, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 123. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: LaGrange, Wayland ( Clark county). Fistulipora carbonaria ULRICH. Fistulipora carbonaria Ulrich, 1884: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VII, p. 45, pl. iii, figs. 1-la. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Meekopora approximata ULRIc#H. Meekopora approximata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 484, pl. Ixxvii, fig.5. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskas- kia limestone: Chester ( Illinois). POLYZOANS. iL Meekopora clausa (ULRIcH). Fistulipora? clausa Ulrich, 1884: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VII, p. 47, pl. iii, figs. 4-4b. Meekopora clausa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 485, pl. Ixxvii, figs. 7-7b. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). Strotopora foveolata ULricn. Strotopora foveolata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VILLI, p. 487, pl. lxxvi, figs. 9=9a. Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: St. Francisville; Bentonsport (Iowa); Warsaw ( Illinois ). Strotopora dermata ULRICH. Strotopora dermata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 488, pl. Ixxvii, figs. 8-8a. 3 Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Cystodictya nitida ULrica. Cystodictya nitida Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. L[llinois, vol. VIII, p. 493, pl. Ixxvi, figs. 4-4c. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: St. Franscisville ( probably); Bentonsport (Iowa). Cystodictya americana ULRIcH. Cystodictya americana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 494, pl. Ixxvi, figs. 5-5a. Horizon and localities Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa), and elsewhere on the lower Des Moines river. Cystodictya pustulosa ULRICH. Cystodictya pustulosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 495, pl. Ixxvi, figs. 2-2a. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 18 POLYZOANS. Coscinium ? latum ULRIcH. Coscinium latum Ulrich, 1890: Geo]. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 497, pl. Ixxvi, figs. 7-7b. Zoarium large, forming a broad, flattened, reticulated frond, with a large expanded basal portion attavhed to foreign objects. Zoccial openings somewhat reniform, regularly arranged in LOWS. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal?; Burlington (lowa); Quincy ( Illinois). Dichotrypa intermedia ULrRtcu. Dichotrypa intermedia Ulrich, 1890: Geo] Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 500, pl. Ixxvi, figs. 9-9c. Zoarium forming broad, fan-shaped fronds, with attenu- ated margins; surface smooth, zowcial apertures circular, and arranged in more or less distinct rows. ; Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: St. Louis. Actinotrypa pecularis ( RoMINGER ). Plate xxxiv, fig. 6. Fistulipora pecularis Rominger, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 123. Actinotrypa pecularis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VILI, p. 503, pl. Ixxvil, figs. 3-3b. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: LaGrange; Keokuk (Iowa). Prismopora trifolia ( ROMINGER ). Fistulipora trifolia Rominger, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 122. Prismopora trifolla Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 505, pl. lxxvii, figs. 4-4a. Horizon and localities — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: LaGrange; Keokuk ( Iowa). Evactinopora sexradiata Mrrex & WorrHeEn. Evactinopora secradiata Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. III, p. 502, pl. xvii. fig. 3. Evactinopora sexradiata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. VIII, p. 510, pl. lxxiii, figs. 2-2b. POLYZOANS. 19 Zoarium small, delicate, depressed, composed of six flat- tened expansions, radially placed. Zoccial apertures sub- circular, closely arranged. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Louisiana; Burlington ( lowa). Evactinopora grandis Merk & WorrTHEN. Evactinopora grandis Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Ilinois, vol. LIT, p. 503, pl. xv, figs. 2a-b. Evactinopora grandis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 511, pl. Ixxiii, fig. 4. A very large, robust form, with four rays arranged at right angles to one another, and measuring from 6 to 10 centimeters from end to end. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Louisiana, Hannibal. Evactinopora radiata MEEK & WoRTHEN. Evactinopora radiata Meek & Worthen, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 165. Evactinopora radiata Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, p. 502, pl. xvii, figs. 2a—-b. Evactinopora radiata Ulrich, 1884: Jour. CincinnatiSoc. Nat. Hist., vol. VII, p. 42, pl. ii, figs. 1-le. Evactinopora radiata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIIL, p. 509, pl. Ixxiii, figs. 3-3a. Zoarium ellipsoidal in outline when complete, consisting of from six to eight bilaminar vertical folia, arranged in a radiate manner. In the basal half of the zoarium the folia or rays are united and much thickened by a deposit of calcareous material, so that the “body” or the star as seen in the basal view is comparatively strong, and the rays are preserved in the regular rounded base as angular covering ridges, separated by at first very shallow then gradually deepening and widening furrows. Ata point about midway between the summit and base where the rays become free, they are actually elliptical in transverse section, four or five mm. in width, with a non-pori- ferous border on each edge—the outer one a little the widest: from this point the margins are parellel for a short distance, then converge slowly, till they meet at the narrowly rounded 20 POLYZOANS. extremity. The whole base for nearly one-third the distance up the side of the rays is non-poriferous at the surface, the zocecia apertures here being covered by a granulo-striate deposit of schlerenchyma decreasing in thickness upward. Zoccia prostrate at first, then arising from the mesial lamin proceed to each surface of the rays at an angle of about 45°. Apertures subcircular, oblique, the lower margin being most elevated; about 0.22 mm. MInterspaces occupied by small ‘lenticular vesicles, a few of which remain open, especially on each side of the mesial plane, the rest being filled and obscured by vertically perforated dense tissue, the perforations appear- ing in tangential sections as exceedingly numerous minute dark spots. Scattered among them are other spots of large size, that resemble acanthopores, in having the central portion lucid. Lunarium inconspicuous. ( Ulrich.) Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Exact place not known. Glyptopora plumosa (Prout). Plate xxxiii, fig. 5. Coscinium plumosum Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 572. re ae plumosum Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. If, p. 414, pl. xxii, figs. 3-3b. Glyptoporu plumosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. I[llinois, vol. VIII, p. 512, pl. Ixxviii, figs. 3-3c. Zoarium consisting of one or more bilaminar thin expan- sions, arising from a common attached base, each having both surfaces traversed by strong bifurcating and coalescing ridges, so as to enclose large but rather shallow concave spaces or cups, varying, so far as observed, in length from 20 to 30 mm., and in width from 12 to 32 mm. The surface of the cups slopes gradually up to the base of the sharp edge ridges. At the bottom there is usually a long and narrow depressed macula or “ dimple,” and on each side, arranged in a more or less distinctly pinnate manner, are a series of long curving, sharply depressed parallel dimples, about 1.2 mm. wide, and from 7 to 16 mm. long. POLYZOANS. 21 The ridges on one side of the expansion correspond to the central depression on the other. Zocecia apertures very slightly oblique, subcircular or oval, 0.15 to 0.20 mm. in diam- eter, arranged in from four to eight (usually five) alternating rows between the dimples, about nine in 3mm. Peristome moderate, somewhat more elevated on one side than on the other. Interspaces depressed when perfect, usually about half as wide as the apertures. In thin sections the zoccial tubes have moderately thick ring-like walls, a portion of the wall being distizguishable from the rest as the lunarium by its lighter color. A large number of small vesicles occupy the interspaces between the zowcia walls. ( Ulrich.) Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (Saint Louis county). Glyptopora sagenella (Prout). Coscinium sagenella Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 573. . Coscinium sagenella Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 415, pl. Xxii, figs. 5-5a. Glyptopora sagenella Uirich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 513, pl. Ixxviii, figs. 6-6a. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa); Warsaw ( Illinois ). Glyptopora megastoma ULRIcH. Glyptopora megastoma Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 518, pl. Ixxviii, figs. 5-5a. Horizon and lecalities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk and Bentonsport (lowa). Glyptopora elegans (Prouvr). Coscinium elegans Prout, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 572. Coscinium elegans Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. II, p. 431, pl. xxii, figs. 22a. Glyptopora elegans Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 518, pl. Ixxviii, figs. 10-10e. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). 22 POLYZOANS. Glyptopora keyserlingi (Prout). Coscinium keyserlingt Prout, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 269, pl. xv, figs. 4-4a. Glyptopora keyserlingi Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 517, pl. Ixxviii, figs. 4-4b. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk ( Iowa). Glyptopora michelinia (Prout). Coscinium michelinia Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 573. Coscinium michelinia Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 414, pl. xxii, figs. 44a. Glyptopora michelinia Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 515, pl. Ixxviii, figs. 8-8b. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (Saint Louis county). Tzeniodictya ramulosa ULRicu. Teniodictya ramulosa Uirich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 528, pl. Ixvii, figs. 1-1b. Horizon and localittes—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Tzeniodictya frondosa ULRIcH. Teniodictya frondosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 529, pl. lxix, figs. 5-dce. Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Stictoporella basalis Uxricn. Stictoporella basalis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 532, pl. Ixxv, figs. 5-5b. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). Fenestella filistriata ULricu. Fenestella filistriata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 535, pl. xlix, figs. 2-2a. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Montezuma (Illinois ). POLYZOANS. 23 Fenestella rudis Utricu. Plate xxxiv, fig. 5. Fenestella rudis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. VIII, p. 537, pl. xXlix, figs. 3-3d. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: St. Francisville. Fenestella limitaris Utrica. Fenestella limitaris Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol VIII, p. 538, pl. xlix, figs. 4-4a. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Fenestella multispinosa ULrRicH. Fenestella multispinosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 540, pl. 1, figs. 3-3e. Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). | Fenestella funicula Utric#. Fenestella funicula Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 542, pl, li, fig. 6. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Fenestella serratula ULRICH. Fenestella serratula Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VII1, p. 544, pl. 1, figs. 5-5e. Horizon and localities—-Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Fenestella cingulata ULRic#H. Fenestella cingulata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 543, pl. lii, figs. 1-la. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (lowa), Fenestella banyana Prout. Fenestella banyana Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 450, pl. xviii, figs. 4-4b. Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county). 24 POLYZOANS. Fenestella tenax ULricH. Fenestella tenax Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 546, pl. li, figs. 2-2e. ; Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester (Illinois ). Fenestella cestriensis ULrRIcH. Fenestella cestriensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. hi, figs. 5-5b. Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). Fenestella flexuosa UtLrica. Fenestella flexuosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 548, pl. li, figs. 4-4¢. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester (Illinois ). Fenestella shumardi Provt. Plate xxxiv, figs. 2a-b. Fenestella shumardi Prout, 1868: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 232. Fenestella shumardi Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 153, pl. vii, figs. 38-ab. Polyzoum growing apparently in flabelliform expansions and composing an extremely fine delicate network; branches very slender, of uniform size, rather flattened and compara- tively coarsely striated on the non-poriferous side, bifurcating at rather regular intervals of from 0.20 to 0.25 inch, the divi- sions diverging but slightly; fenestrules oblong or about once and a half to nearly twice as long as wide, distinctly quadran-. gular, especially as seen on the non-poriferous side, and about equaling the breadth of the branches; dissepiments extremely slender or scarcely more than one-fourth as thick as the branches, not widened at the end on the non-poriferous side, but often somewhat expanded by a pore at one or both ends on the other side. Poriferous side with a mesial carina appar- ently sometimes bearing minute projecting points, and on each side of this angle about two and sometimes three compara- POLYZOANS. / 25 tively large pores, generally arranged so that there is one at each end of each dissepiment, and another between these oppo- site each side of each fenestrule. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Fenestella elevatipora ULRIcu. Fenestella elevatipora Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 549, pl. li, figs. 3-3a. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester (Illinois). Hemitrypa hemitrypa (PRovtT). Fenestella hemitrypa Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 444, pl. xvii, figs. 3-3d. Hemitrypa proutana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. VII, p. 560, pl. lvii, figs. l-le. fTorizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county). Hemitrypa aspera ULRIcH. Hemitrypa aspera Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sar. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 563, pl. ivii, figs, 4-4f. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Lowa). Hemitrypa nodosa ULric#. Hemitrypa nodosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, yol. VIII, p. 562, pl. Ivii, fig. 3. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). Hemitrypa perstriata ULRicu. Hemitrypa perstriata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VILLI, p. 564, pl. lvii, figs. 6-6a. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 2°26 POLYZOANS. Hemitrypa pateriformis URtIcH. Hemitrypa pateriformis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 564, pl. lvii, figs. 7-7c¢. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Archimedes owenanus Hatt. Plate xxxili, fig. 2. Archimedes owenanus Hall, 1857: Proc. Am. Ag. Ad. Sci., vol. X.p.178 Archimedes owenanus Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VII[, p. 570, pl. Ixiii, figs. 6-6e. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: St. Francisville. Archimedes wortheni Hatt. Plate xxxili, fig. 1. Archimedes wortheni Hall, 1857: Proc. Am. As. Ad. Sci. vol. X., p. 178. Archimedes wortheni Hall, 1858: Geol. Lowa, vol. I. p. 651, p). xxii, figs. 3, 4a—-b, 5a-b. Archimedes reversa Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 652, pl. xxii, fig. 2. Archimedes worthenit Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 571, pl. Iviii, figs. 8-Sa. Zoarium large, flabellate, twisted; often attaining a meas- urement of 20 to 25 centimeters. Axis robust, elongate, fusi- form; volutions quite regular; shaft short, abruptly and broadly expanding. Fenestrated portion very broad, with closely set, rigid branches, and consequently very narrow fen- estrules. Zocecial openings small, somewhat elevated. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Wayland, LaGrange. Archimedes swallovanus HALL. Archimedes swallovanus Hall, 1857: Proc. Am. As. Ad. Sci., vol. X, p. 173. Archimedes swallovanus Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 574, pl. lxiii, figs. 12-12d. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve. POLYZOANS. ? 27 Archimedes laxus Hatt. Archimedes lava Hall, 1857: Proc. Am, As. Ad. Sci., vol. X, p. 178. Helicopora archimediformis Claypole, 1883: Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. . XXXIX, p. 34, pl. iv, figs. 3-4. Archimedes larus Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, vol. VILI, p. 580, pl. Ixiii, figs. 15-15a. ; Fflorizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Chester limestone: Chester ( Illinois). Lyropora retrosa Mrrk & WorTHEN. Plate xxxiv, fig. 4. Fenestella (Lyropora) retrosa Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Iliinois, vol. [IL, p. 504, pl. xv, fig. 1. Solid marginal support only known, the expanded, reticu- late portion being always entirely removed. The two divisions of the lateral support diverge at an angle of ninety degrees, and are comparatively straight and slender. As in other species of this group, they have their inner edges oblique and not parallel to the plane of the fossil, while the minute, atten- uated base of attachment is deflected toward the same side as the inner edge of the lateral marginal supports. Horizon and localitees.— Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Louisiana. Lyropora subquadrans HAL. Lyropora subquadrans Hall, 1857: Proc. Am. As. Ad. Sei, vol. X, p. 180. Lyropora subquadrans Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Mlinois, vol. VIII, p. 582, pl. lviii, figs. 2-2e. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester ( Illinois). Lyropora quincuncialis Hatt. Lyropora quincuncialis Hall, 1857: Proc. Am As. Ad. Sci., vol X, p. 180. Lyropora quincuncialis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 583, pl. Iviii, figs. 3-3d. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester ( Illinois). 28 POLYZOANS. Lyropora divergens ULRICH. Lyropora divergens Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Llinois, vol. VIII, p. 584, pl. lviii, figs. 4-4b. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester ( Illinois). , Polypora halliana Prout. Polypora halliana Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. aps 580. Polypora halliana Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 421, pl. xxi, figs. 4-4b. Polypora halliana Ulricn, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 587, pl. lix, figs. 5-5c. florizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Olark county. Polypora maccoyana ULRIcH. Polypora maccoyana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sar Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 588, pl. iix, figs. 3-3d. florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Polypora simulatrix U.ric#. Polypora simulatrix Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 589, pl. lix, figs. 4-4b. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (lowa). Polypora gracilis Provur. . Polypora gracilis Prout, 1860: Frans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 580. Polypora gracilis Prout, 1866: .Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. If, p. 422, pl. xxi, figs. ]-la. Polypora gracilis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 590, pl. Ixi, figs. 10-10a. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). POLYZOANS. 29 Polypora retrosa ULRICH. Polypora retrorsa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 591, pl. lix, figs. 6-Sd. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Polypora radialis ULRIcuH. Polypora radialis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 591, pl. Ix, figs. 1-ld. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous. Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Polypora spininodata ULricH. Polypora spininodata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 594, Dinix, 1g. 3. Horizon and localities.—ULower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). Polypora biseriata? ULricu. Polypora biseriata 2? Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 592, pl. lx, figs. 4-4b. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county ). Polypora varsoviensis ULRicu. Polypora varsoviensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. VIII, p. 593, pl. Ix, figs. 2-2b. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county ). Polypora cestriensis ULricu. Polypora cestriensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 549, pl. lv, figs. 4-4b. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 30 POLYZOANS, Polypora tuberculata PRovt. Polypora tuberculata Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 449, pl, xviii, fig. 8. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). Polypora corticosa ULRICH. Polypora corticosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 596, pl. Ix, figs. 5-5c. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester ( Illinois). Polypora spinulifera ULric#. Polypora spinulifera Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 598, pl. Ixi, figs. 2-2a. : ; florizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kaskas- kia linestone: Chester ( Illinois). | _Polypora submarginata MEeK. Polypora marginata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 69, tab. v, figs. Lla-b. (Not McCoy, 1844.) Polypora submarginata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 154, pl. ‘vii, figs. 7a-b. Polypora submarginata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 602, pl. Ixi, figs. 6-6b. florizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Probably Red Oak (lowa) and Nebraska City (Nebraska). Fenestralia? sancti-ludovici Provur. Fenestralia sancti-ludovict Prout, 1859: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 235, pl. xv, figs. 1-la. Fenestralia sancti-ludovict Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 604, pl. lv, fig. 5. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: St. Louis. POLYZOANS. ok Thamniscus furcillatus Utrica. Plate xxxiii, fig. 6. | Thamniscus furcillatus Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 609, pl. Ixii, figs. 9-9b. florizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve. ; Pinnatopora youngi ULricx. Pinnatopora youngi Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 615, pl. Ixvi, fig. 3. Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Pinnatopora vinei ULricu. Pinnatopora vinei Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 616, pl. Ixvi, figs. 5-5b. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Pinnatopora conferta ULRic#H, Pinnatopora conferta Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p 618, pl. lvi, fig. 5. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (lowa). Pinnatopora trilineata (MEEK). Glauconome trilineata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 157, pl. vii, figs. 4b-d. Pinnatopora trilineata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VLII, p. 620, pl. lxvi, fig. 6. Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Ptilopora acuta ULRIcH, Ptilopora acuta Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 622, pl. Ixv, figs. 4—4a. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (lowa). 32 POLYZOANS. Ptilopora valida ULricH Ptilopora valida Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 623, pl. Ixv, figs. 5-5e. Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). Ptilopora cylindracea ULricH. Ptilopora cylindracea Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 623, pl. Ixvi, figs. 2-2b. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). Ptilopora prouti Ha... Ptilopora prouti Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 653, pl. xxii, figs. 6a-6e. Ptilopora prouti Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 625, pl. Ixv, figs. 3-3c. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (Saint Louis county). (Septopora cestriensis Prout. Septopora cestriensis Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 448, pl. xviii, figs. 2-2b. Septopora cestriensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 628, pl. Ixiv, figs. 1-lb. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester (Illinois ). Septopora biserialis (Swa.tow ). Plate xxxiv, figs. la-d. Synocladia biserialis Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, Dp, 179. Synocladia virgulacea Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 70. Synocladia biserialis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 156, pl. vii, figs. 5a-5e. Synocladia biserialis Meek, 1874: Am. Jour. Sci. (3), vol. VII, p. 486. Synocladia biserialis Meek, 1875: Geol. Sur. Ohio. Pal., vol. II, p. 326, pl. xx, figs. 5-5-b. Synocladia biserialis White, 1877: U.S. Geog Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. IV, p. 107, pl. vii, figs. 3a-3c. POLYZOANS. a! Synocladia bisericlis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., pt. If, p. 188, pl. xxv, figs. 11-13. ' Synocladia biserialis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 225. Septopora biserialis Ulrich, 1890: Geo). Sur. Illinois, vol. VILI, p. 631, pl. iyi, tip. 31. Zoarium large, obconical, more or less irregular, usually folded; branches subequal, nearly parallel, united at regular intervals by lateral projections. Fenestrules usually more or less distinctly crescentic in shape. Zocecial openings small, rather numerous. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures: Des Moines (lowa); Upper Coal Measures: Kan- sas City. Diplopora bifurcata ULric#. Diplopora bifurcata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 637, pl. Ixii, figs. 12-J2a. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester (Illinois). Sphrogropora parasitica ULRIcH. Sphrogropora parasitica Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, pl. Ixv, figs. 6-6a. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Chester ( Llinois). Rhombopora dichotoma Utric#. Rhombopora dichotoma Ulrich, 1890; Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 650, pl. Ixx, figs. 18-13b. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal?; Burlington (lowa). Rhombopora varians ULRICH. Rhombopora varians Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [ilinois, vol. VIII, p. 652, pl. Ixxi, figs. 1-1b. Tlorizon and localities-—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). 34 POLYZOANS. Rhombopora transversalis ULRicuH. Rhombopora transversalis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Ilinois, vol. VIII, p. 655, pl. Ixxi, figs. 4-4b. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). Rhombopora attenuata ULricH. Rhombopora attenuata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 655, Dieetex. aon florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). Rhom bopora tabulata ULRICH. Rhombopora tabulata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, vol. VIII, p. 658, pl. lxx, figs. 2-2c. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve. Rhombopora tenuirama ULRICH. Rhombopora tenuirama Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 660, pl. Ixx, figs. 8-8b. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Kaskaskia (Illinois). Rhombopora crassa ULRICH. Rhombopora crassa Ulrich, 1884: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VII, p. 28, pl. i, figs. 2-2b. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. POLYZOANS. 35 Rhombopora lepidodendroides MEExk. Plate xxxili, figs. 4a-b. Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 141, pl. vii, figs. 2a-f. Rhombopora lepidodendroides White, 1875: Exp]. and Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. [V, p. 99, pl. vi, figs. 5a—d. Rhombopora lepidodendroides Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 225. Ramose slender, cylindrical or slightly compressed, and bifurcated at regular, distant intervals; divisions nearly straight between the points of bifurcation, where they diverge at angles of about 70° to 80°; composed of small, short, nearly round, tapering tubes that ascend from an imaginary axis ob- liquely outward, with a more or less curve to the surface, near which they are separated by interspaces, which in cross-sec- tions show the minute celluar structure; calyces arranged very regularly in quincunx, so as to form vertical and oblique rows; distinctly rhombic at the surface, where their margins are roughened by small prominent, node-like grains, placed one at each corner, with smaller granules along the edges between. Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Bactropora simplex Utricu. Bactropora simplex Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VILI, p. 663, pl. Ixx, figs. 14-14b. Horizon and localities — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Clark county. Streblotrypa major ULRIcH. Streblotry pa major Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 666, pl. lxxi, figs. 8-Sd. Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Streblotrypa radialis ULric#. Streblotrypa radialis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 667, pl. Ixxii, figs. 2-2d. Horizon and localities——-Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). 36 POLYZOANS. Streblotrypa nicklesi ULric#. . Streblotrypa nicklesi Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 667, pl. Ixxi, figs. 9-9c. TE Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve. Streblotrypa distincta Uxricn. Streblotrypa distincta Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VILL, p. 669, pl. Ixxi, figs. 10-10b. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskas- kia limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). Worthenopora spinosa ULricuH. Worthenopora spinosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 669. pl. Ixviii, figs. 1-lg. Horizon and localities. —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Worthenopora spatulata ( PRoor). Flustra spatulata Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 446, pl. xvii, figs. 2-2ce. Worthenopora spatulata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p 670, pl. xviii, figs. 2-2a. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county). Cyclopora fungia Prout. Cyclopora fungia Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, p. 577. Cyclopora fungia Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. If, p. 419, pl. xxii, figs. 9-9b. Cyclopora fungia Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIIl, p. 671, pl. Ixviii, figs. 3-3g. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: St. Francisville ( Clark county ). POLYZOANS. oF Cyclopora expatiata ULricn. Cyclopora expatiata Ulrich, 1890: Geo). Sur. [linois, vol. VIII, p. 673, pl. Ixviii, figs. 4-4d. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw (Illinois). Proutella discoidea (PRourv). Cyclopora discoidea Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 578. Cyclopora discoidea Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. I[, p. 420, pl. xxii, figs. 10-10a. Proutella discoideu Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 674, pl. lxix, figs. 44d. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Cycloporella spinifera Unric#. Cycloporella spinifera Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 675, pl. lxix, figs. 1-le. Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). Cycloporella perversa ULRICH. Cycloporella perversa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 676, pl. lxix, figs. 3-3b. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). CHAPTER XI. BRACHIOPODS. Lingula umbonata Cox. Plate xxxv, fig. 4. Lingula umbonata Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. [li, p.576, pl. x, fig. 4. Lingula carbonaria Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 215. Lingula mytiloides Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 572, pl. xxv, fig. 12. (Not Sowerby, 1813). Lingula umbonata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., pt. 413.2120, DL eevee ee, Lingula umbonata Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 226. Shell thin, elliptical, sightly convex, wider in front than back of the middle, margins regularly rounding, rather sharply on the posterior border ; umbo rather prominent; beak small. Fflorizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- ures: Clinton (Henry county), Kansas City. Lingulella lamborni MEEK. Plate xxxv, figs 5a-d. Lingulella lamborni Meek, 1871: Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 185, figs.. 1-4. Shell small, compressed, broadly subovate, about one-fifth longer than wide. Ventral valve pointed at the beak, from which the nearly straight lateral slopes diverge at an angle of about 35°, to near the middle of each lateral margin, then reg- ularly rounding forward; false cardinal area well developed and extending back, with the beak nearly one-fourth the length of the valve, behind that of the other valve, and having its mesial furrow for the peduncle well-defined, on each side of which is a diverging longitudinal line extending from the apex of the beak, so as to form the margins of the false area, which BRACHIOPODS. 39 is transversely striated; the interior marked by numerous little irregularly scattered pits, which are largest posteriorly and diminish in size forward; while near the anterior margin very obscure traces of minute radiating striae are sometimes seen; internal scars presenting a trilobate appearance, there being a short, mesial, rounded lobe nearly reaching to the middle of the valve; and nearly half way between this and each posterior lateral margin there is a long, slender, diverg- ing lateral lobe or impression. Dorsal valve shorter than the other and subcircular in outline, its beak being apparently a little truncated; interior showing the same pitted appearance seen in the other valve; visceral and muscular impressions unknown. Surface of both valves marked by five concentric lines. Horizon ana localities —Cambrian shales: Mine LaMotte (Madison county). Discina nitida ( Parties). Pilate xxxv, fig. 6. Orbicula nitida Phillips, 183&: Geol. Yorkshire, vol. II, p. 221, pl. xi, figs. 10-13. Diseina missouriensis Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 221. Discina capuliformis McCheaney, 1859: Desc. New Sp. Foss. Western States, p. 72. Discina nitida Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Llinois, vol. V, p. 572, Biexey, tg. 1. Discina nitida White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. La Dlaxxyv ig. 9. Discina nitida Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 226. Shell small, circular in outline, low, conical, sides sloping nearly straight from the apex to the margins; apex situated toward the posterior border; opposite valve flat. Surface marked by concentric lines. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- ures: Clinton (Henry county), Lexington, Richmond (Ray county ). 40 BRACHIOPODS. Discina newberryi Hatt. Discina newberryi Hall, 1864: Sixteenth Rep. Reg. State Cab. Nat. Hist. New York, p. 30. ; Discina newberryi Hall, 1869: Pal. New York, vol. LV, p. 25, pl. i, figs. 10-11. Discina newberryi Meek, 1875; Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal, vol. II, p. 277, pl. xiv, figs. la-d. Discina sampsoni Milier, 1892: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., p. 80, © pl. xiii, figs. 10-12. Similar to D. nitida, but higher, and with the apex submar- ginal. Horizon and localities Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook beds: Sedalia, Springfield, Louisiana. Discina convexa SHUMARD. Plate xxxv, fig. 7. Discina conversa Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 221. Discina convera White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 12), pL xxv, ie. 9, | Like D. nitida but very much larger; often reaching a diametric measurement of nearly an inch. Horizon and localities—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: near Richmond ( Ray county). Crania levis Sp. nov. Shell rather above medium size, somewhat depressed ; apex subcentral; margins regularly rounded except on one side, which is truncated. Muscular scars prominent. Surface marked by concentric lines of growth. florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau ( Kinderhook ) limestone: Louisiana; and’ Burlington lime- stone: Louisiana. — Productus arcuatus HAL. Productus arcuatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 513, pl. vii, figs. 4a-b. Productus cooperensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 640. Shell small, with the ventral valve very long and arched, the hinge line short; surface marked by broad rounded radiat- ing ridges, which are crossed by fine concentric lines. BRACHIOPODS. — | AL Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- hook beds: Hannibal ( Marion county). Productus leevicostus WHITE. Plate xxxviii, fig. 1. Productus levicostus White, 1860: Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. VII, p. 230. Productus coreformis Swallow, 1863: Trang. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IT, p. 94. Closely approaching P. cora, but narrower and more slender. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook beds: Louisiana; Burlington limestone: Louisiana. Productus burlingtonensis Hatt. Productus flemingi, var. burlingtonensis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 598, pl. xii, figs. 3a-g. Productus mesialis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 636, pl. xix, figs. 2a-c. Shell rather above medium size, longer than wide, strongly arched ; hinge-line shorter than greatest width of shell. Radi- ating coste rather coarse. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal, Helton (Marion county), Louisiana, Springfield, Ash Grove (Greene county ); Keokuk limestone: St. Francisville ( Clark county ), Boonville (Cooper county ). Productus magnus MEEK & WorTHEN. Productus magnus Meek & Worthen, 1861: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 142. Productus pentonensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 93. Productus magnus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. LII, p. 528, pl. xx, figs. 7a-c. Shell attaining a large size, subhemispherical, or in out- line semioval; hinge line equaling, or slightly exceeding, the greatest breadth of the valves at any other part; ears nearly rectangular, not arched. Ventral valve moderately gibbous, or forming a more or less nearly regular, semicircular curve G—4 49 BRACHIOPODS. from the beak to the front, rounding down rather strongly on each side to the ears, which are not abruptly separated from the swell of the umbo; central region witha shallow, narrow mesial sinus, extending from the front about two-thirds of the way to the beak; umbonal region not very prominent; beak small, incurved, and passing but slightly beyond the hinge-margin ; interior unknown. Dorsal valve distinetly concave but nearly flat over a large portion of the central region, and strongly curving up at the front and lateral margins, usually with a slight mesial ridge corresponding to the sinus of the other valve. Interior with a rugose ridge extending around near _ the front and lateral margins, so as to present a somewhat geniculated appearance, not seen on the outside; cardinal pro- cess stout, apparently rather short, and bifid, its base forming a short stout ridge, which ‘soon becomes obsolete near the muscular scars, from between which a narrow ridge extends forward two-thirds to three-fourths the length of the valve, becoming sharply elevated and thin at the end; scars of adductor muscles elongated, parallel and rugose; reniform scars rather broad, and somewhat roughened by a few irregu- lar wart-like prominences; space between the reniform scars and the mesial ridge flat, and without any traces of the sub- conical prominences seen in P. giganteus; posterior lateral regions irregularly pitted or punctured. Surface of both valves ornamented by numerous, rather coarse, often waved or flexuous, striz, or small obscure costa, that increase by intercalation and division, all sometimes be- coming nearly obsolete on or near the ears; fine concentric strie are also seen on all parts of the surface, and over the visceral region very obscure traces of small concentric wrinkles likewise occur. On the ventral valve, bases of small spines are seen irregularly scattered, being most numerous, largest and closely arranged on the ears and along the hinge-margin. No spines occur on the dorsal valve, but little pits seem to occupy their places. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Ste. Genevieve, St. Francisville (Clark county ). BRACHIOPODS. 43 -Productus biseriatus ay he Productus biseriatus Hall, 1856: Trans. Alabany Inst., vo]. IV, p. 12. Productus biseriatus Whitefield, 1882: Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 3, p. 46, pl. vi, figs. 8-12. Productus biseriatus Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 12th Ann. Rep., p. 325, pl. xxix, figs. 8-12. This shell belongs to the P. punctatus group, but is very small as compared with the typical species. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: St. Francisville (Clark county); Keokuk (Iowa). Productus vittatus Hatt. . Productus vittatus Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. 1, p. 639. Productus gradatus Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL. p 93. Like P. punctatus of the Coal Measures, and perhaps iden- tical with it. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Trenton (St. Louis county); Keokuk (lowa). Productus altonensis Norwoop & PrRaTTEN. Productus altonensis Norwood & Pratten, 18541: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. I{I, p. 7, pl. i, figs. la—s. Like P. arcuatus, but less arched, and with fewer radial costes. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: St. Louis. Productus marginicinctus Prout. Productus marginicinctus Prout, 1855: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol [, p. 43, pl. ii, fig. 1. | Productus wortheni Hail, 1858: Geology L[owa, vol. I., p. 635, p). xix, figs. la-b. Productus marginicinctus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol I, p. 664, pl. xxiv, figs. sa-c. Shell small, costate, with a marginal thickening. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: St. Louis; Keokuk (lowa). 44 BRACHIOPODS. Productus ovatus Hatt. Productus ovatus Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 674, pl. xxiv, fig. 1. A small oval form, with fine radiating costa. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: St. Louis. Productus tenuicostus Hatn. Productus tenuicostus Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 675, pl. xxiv, figs. 2a-d. Closely related to and perhaps identical with P. levicostus. Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: St. Louis. Productus cestriensis WoRTHEN. Productus elegans Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Seis Phila., vol. III, p. 18, pl. i, figs. 7a-c (Not McCoy, 1844.) Productus cestriensis Worthen, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 570. Productus parvus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 450. . Productus parvus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Tilinois, Vol.) Lives 297, pl. xxiii, figs. 4a-e. Shell small, arcuate, with hinge-line shorter than greatest width. Radiating cost coarse. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). Productus americanus SWALLow. Productus americanus Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. tps el; According to Meek & Worthen this formis closely related to their P. magnus. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Harrison county. | BRACHIOPODS. 45 Productus longispinus SOWERBY. Plate xxxvii, fig. 4a-b. Productus longispinus Sowerby, 1814: Min. Conch., vol. [, p. 154, pl. Ixviii, fig. 1. Productus splendens Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila , (2), vol. II, p. 2, pl. i, figs. 5a-d. Productus wabdshensis Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,. Phila., (2), vol. LLL,.p. 13, pl. i, fig. 6. Productus muricatus Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., (2), vol. III, p. 14, pl. i, figs. 8a-e. (Not Phillips.) Productus muricatus Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. Ili, p. 578, pl. ix. dig. 6. Productus costatoides Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 217. : Productus orbignyanus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 56, tab. iv, figs. 8,9, 10,11. (Not deKoninck, 1844 ) Productus horridus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 56, tab. iv, fig. 7. (Not Sowerby, 1822.) Productus longispinus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 161, pl. vi, fig. 7, pl. vili, figs. 6a-c. Productus muricatus White, 1875: U. 8. Geol. Sur. W. 100 Merid., vol. iV. p. 120, pl. viii, fig. 4a-c. | Productus longispinus Meek, 1877: Geol. Exp. 40 Par., vol. IV, p. 78, pl. viii, figs. 44a. Productus muricatus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 228. Shell small, thin, somewhat wider than long; hinge-line longer than greatest width of shell. Ventral valve arched, with greatest convexity behind middle; mesial sinus well de- fined, broadly rounding; beak small, incurved, projecting be- yond the hinge-line. Ventral valve concave, following closely the curve of the opposite one. Surface marked by obscure radiating cost, which often become obsolete over nearly the entire shell; these are often crossed by distinct concentric folds, which are more pronounced toward the beak; spines few, scattered. Horizon and localities. Measures: Kansas City. There seems to be but little doubt now that Norwood & Pratten’s species P. splendens and P. wabashensis are identical with the form under consideration. Inregard to certain other allied shells reported by Geinitz from Nebraska, and their re- lations to P. longispinus, Meek says: “Concerning the iden- Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 46 BRACHIOPODS. tity of this shell with P. orbignyi, 1am compelled to differ from Professor Geinitz. I am also satisfied, as elsewhere stated, that the little shell figured by Professor Geinitz under the name P. horridus on his plate iv (Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska) is nothing but a young individual of the species under consid- eration. This shell varies much in the distinctness of its cos- te, which are usuaily rather obscure. It is but necessary to examine a few good specimens to see by their smooth, non- costate umbonal region that they often attain a size even greater than that he has referred to P. horridus, without show- ing the slightest traces of radiating coste. Indeed, some in- dividuals of mature size show but faint indications of ribs even near the front margin, while the various individuals present every intermediate gradation in this character between these and the most distinctly ribbed specimens. In addition to this, the extreme improbability of there being in these rocks a large, conspicuous species like P. horridus, when no traces of such a shell have ever been seen among all the vast collec- tions that have been obtained from them throughout the great area in which they occur in the West, would alone be a suffi- cient reason for rejecting the conclusion that such a mere mite as this is the young of that species. But the necessity for such an improbable conclusion is entirely removed by the fact that this specimen was found associated with a very common and abundant species, the young of which evidently agrees exactly with it.” Regarding the form described by Norwood & Pratten as Productus muricatus, there is considerable doubt as to its identity with the P. longispinus of the Mississippi valley, although both Meek and Davidson so considered it. Through- out some parts of the continental interior at least, P. muricatus N. & P. presents characteristics that are remarkably constant; and when associated with P. longispinus, no hesitancy what- ever would be entertained in separating the two forms. Were it not for the fact that the name P. muricatus had been used in 1836 by Phillips in his Geology of Yorkshire, Norwood & Prat- ten’s species would be treated here as distinct from the shell BRACHIOPODS. 47 usually referred to Sowerby’s form. But inasmuch as the synonymy of the speciesis still unsettled it does not appear ad- visable to propose a new term for the American P. muricatus. Productus cora D’ORBIGNY. Plate xxxvli, figs. 2a-c. Productus cora d’Orbigny, 1843: Voyage dans l? Amerique Meridionale. Productus cora Owen, 1852: Geol. Sur. lowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, Lao, fel. Productus semireticulatus Hall, 1852: Stanbury’s Exp. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 411, pl. iii, figs. 4,5. (Not Martin, 1809.) Productus prattenanus Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat Sci., Phila. (2), vol. LIL, p. 17, pl. i, figs. 10a-d. Productus hildrethianus Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. (2,), vol. III, p. 18, pl. i, figs. lla-c. Productus cequicostatus Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rept., p. 201, pl. KE, fig. 10. Productus cora Marcou, 1858: Geol. N. A., pl. vi, figs. 44a. Productus flemingi Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 52, tab. revues. 1,2, a, 4. Productus calhounianus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 5l. (Not Swallow, 1858.) Productus koninckianus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyasin Nebraska, p. 53, tab. iv, fig. 4. (Not de Verneuil, 1845.) Productus prattenianus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 163, pl. ii, figs. 5a-c; pl. v, figs. 1-3, pl. viii, figs. 10a-b. Productus prattenianus White, 1875: U.S. Geol. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. [V, p. 1138, pl. vii, figs. 10a-c. _Productus cora White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep. 1883, p. 126, pi xxv, figs. I, 2,3: Productus cora Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat Sci., Phila., p. 227. Shell of medium size, regularly rounded anteriorly, as long as wide, length of hinge-line equal to greatest breadth. Ven- tral valve regularly arched, with no medial sinus; umbonal region more or less gibbous; beak incurved; ears rather large, somewhat compressed, with a few well-marked wrinkles. Dor- sal valve decidedly concave, slightly flattened posteriorly. Sur- face marked by numerous fine, radiating coste, and on the ventral side by a few scattered spines. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- ures: Calhoun (Henry county), Kansas City. Productus cora was originally described from South Amer- ica; while in North America the same,form has been given, at 48 BRACHIOPODS. various times, a variety of names, White, who has carefully examined specimens from the type locality, has no hesitation in referring the shell commonly called ”. prattenianus to @’Orbigny’s species. Until quite recently no American writ- ers, With the exceptions of Owen and Marcou, noted the iden- tity of the two shells. It would appear, therefore, that P. prattentanus Norwood & Pratten is actually a synonym of /. cora; a8 is probably also P. Aildrethianus of the same authors. The other titles given in the synonymy have already been discussed at length by Meek. Productus symmetricus McCHEsnery. Plate xxxvi, figs. 2a-b. Productus symmetricus McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 35. Productus symmetricus McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 25, pl. i, figs. 9a-b. Productus symmetricus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 167, pl. Vv, figs. 6a-b; pl. viii, fig. 13. Similar to P. nebrascensis, but somewhat flatter; no mésial sinus; concentric folds much smaller, spines fewer, in single instead of double rows. Horizon and localities Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Productus nebrascensis Owen. Plate xxxvii, figs. 3a-c. Productus nebrascensis Owen, 1852: Geol. Sur. lowa, Wisconsin and Min- nesota, p. 584, pl. v, fig. 3. Productus rogersi Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., (2), vol. III, p. 9, pl. i, figs. 3a-c. Productus rogersi Hall, 1856: Pacific R. R. Rept., vol. III, p. 104, pl: ii, figs. 14, 15. Productus norwoodi Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Lonis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 182. Productus asper McChesney, 1860: Dese. New Pal. Foss., p. 34. Productus wilberanus McChesney, 1860: Dese. New Pal. Foss., p. 36. Strophalosia horrescens Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyasin Nebraska, p. 81. (Not Murchison.) Productus nebrascensis McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. Lp. 24. ep lenis n. ta, Productus wilberanus McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 28, pl. i, fig. 8. ° BRACHIOPODS. 49 Productus nebrascensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 165, pl. ii, fig. 2,; pl. iv, fig. 6; pl. v, figs. lla-c. Productus nebrascensis White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. 1V, pt. ii, p. 116, pl. viii, figs. 3a-d. Shell rather below medium size, slightly wider than long; cardinal margin about equal to greatest breadth. Ventral valve moderately arched, most abruptly curved toward the beak, which is incurved and extended beyond the hinge-line; mesial sinus shallow. Dorsal valve flattened centrally, con- cave toward the margins. Surface marked by broad, concen- tric wrinkles, and obscure, interrupted radiating cost, set with numerous short, stout spines, with fewer long ones inter- spersed. Horizon and localitves.— Upper Carboniferous, U pper Coal Measures: Kansas City. | This is one of the most abundant and characteristic spe- cies of this genus occurring in the Coal Measures of the Mis- sissippi basin. Although the original figures of Owen are defective and misleading in many particulars, there is now no doubt as to the identity of this species from the various local- ities in the state. Norwood & Pratten’s P. rogerst described from Huntsville, Missouri, is apparently an internal cast of the shell under con- sideration, in which the radiating ribs and concentric folds are very prominentiy marked. ‘The forms described by McChes- ney as P. asperand P. wilberanus are manifestly merely local varieties of typical P. nebrascensis, as a careful comparison and examination of a large series of specimens hasrecently shown. As to Geinitz’s determinations of this form in the Carbon- formation und Dyas in Nebraska, Meek says substantially as follows: Geinitz was certainly in error in referring this shell to Strophalosia horrescens, since it is positively not a Stropha- losia at all, but a true Productus, as may be seen from any well- preserved specimens. It never has any traces of the cardinal area of the genus Strophalosia, as has been well shown jn the careful examination of hundreds of good specimens, its cardi- nal margin being linear. By a comparison with Strophalosia horrescens, as illustrated in Geinitz’s work on the German Per- 50 BRACHIOVOPLODS. mian fossils (Dyas), the external difference between this genus and Strophalosia will be at once seen, the latter genus having a cardinal area. The presence of an area alone, however, is not always a sufficient distinction, since there is, in some very rare instances, an abnormally developed areain true Productus. The total absence of cardinal teeth and sockets, however, in the latter genus, clearly separates these types. That P. nebras- censis is entirely destitute of any traces of hinge teeth is well known to all who have examined the interior of this shell. Productus semireticulatus (Martin ). ° Plate xxxvi, figs. 4a-c. Productus semireticulatus Martin, 1809: Petref. Derb., p. 7, pl. xxxii, figs. 1,2; pl. xxxiii, fig. 4. Productus semireticulatus DeKoninck, 1844: Monog. Gen. Productus, pl. 8, Regs; Productus calhounianus Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. Pa ory od ae Productus magnicostatus Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. Lope bls Productus semireticulatus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 160, pl. v, figs. 7a-b. Productus semireticulatus White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid , vol. IV, pt. ii, p. 111, pl. viii, figs. la-c. Shell rather large, wider than long; hinge-line equal to greatest breadth of valves. Ventral valve very convex, strongly incurved, with a broad, rounded, mesial sinus; beak prominent, closely incurved; ears well defined. Dorsal valve flattened more or less, curved toward the anterior margin. Surface of both valves marked by strong, rounded, radiating ribs, some of which bifurcate; in the visceral region these are crossed by many concentric folds. Spines stout, few and scattered. Fflorizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Creighton (Cass county), Calhoun (Henry county). BRACHIOPODS. 51 Productus punctatus ( Martin). Plate xxxvii, figs. la-c. Anomites punctatus Martin, 1809: Petref. Derb., pl. xxxvii, fig. 6. Productus punctatus Sowerby, 1822: Min. Conch., p. 22, pl. ccexxiii. Productus semipunctatus Shephard, 18388: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. XXXIV, p. 153, fig. 9. Productus tubulospinus McChesney, 1869: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 37. Productus punctatus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 169. pl. eee. Oy Dl iv, fig. 5. Productus punctatus White, 1875: U.S. Geol. Sur. W. 100 Merid., vol. IV, pt. ii, p. 114, pl. vii, figs. 2a-c. Sheil large, thin, somewhat ovate; hinge-line considerably shorter than the greatest width of the valves. Ventral valve more or less strongly arched, with a broad shallow mesial sinus; beak incurved; ears not well defined. Dorsal valve slightly concave with a low median ridge. Surface marked by numerous well-defined concentric ridges, upon which are ar- ranged many small spines. Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Productus costatus SOWERBY. Plate xxxvi, figs. la-c. Producta costata Sowerby, 1827: Min. Conch, vol. VI, p. 115, pl. elx. Productus portlockianus Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat, melo, + nila., (2), vol. Lil, p. 16, pl. 1, figs. 9a-c. Productus costatus Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 216. Productus costatus Hall, 1858: Geol. Sur. Iowa, vol. [, p. 712, pl. xxviii, figs. 3, 4. Productus costatus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 159, pl. vi, figs. 6a-b. Productus costatus White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. 100 Merid, vol. IV., pt. ii, p. 109; pl. viii, figs. 2a-d Shell much like P. semireticulatus, but rather smaller, less robust, mesial sinus more pronounced, and radiating coste less regular. Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Asremarked by Meek this shell has been so generally desig- nated under Sowerby’s title, that notwithstanding the perhaps 52 BRACHIOPODS. questionable identity with the typical P. costatus, it seems inad- visable to make any nominal changes until careful and complete comparisons have been instituted. The form appears to be closely related to Martin’s P. semireticulatus; and eventually may proye to be merely the young of that species. P. port- lockianus, described by Norwood & Pratten from Carbonaire, is regarded merely as an unimportant local variation of the species. Like all the Carboniferous Producti, this shell has a wide geographical range and quite an extensive distribution in time. | Productella subalata (Hat). Productus subalatus Hall, 1857: 10th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 174. Productus subalatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 500, pl. iii, figs. 10a-c. Very closely related to and perhaps identical with P. pyxidata. florizon and localities.— Devonian, Callaway limestone: Callaway county. Productella pyxidata (Hatt). Plate xxxviii, figs. 4a-d. Productus pyxidatus Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. [, p. 498, pl. iii, figs. 8a-e. Productus shumardianus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 499, pl. vii, ne. Shell rather large (for the genus), wider than long; car- dinal extremities rounded; hinge line usually shorter than greatest width of shell; surface differing from a Productus in being smooth, with concentric often imbricating lines of growth and long spines, fewin number. Often low, indistinct radiating ridges are discernible. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook beds: Louisiana, Hannibal, Clarksville ( Pike county). BRACHIOPODS. 7 53 Chonetes geniculatus WHITE. Plate xxxviii, fig. 3. Chonetes geniculatus White, 1852: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. IX, p. 29. A small form with fine radiating lines. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana (Kinderhook?) limestone: Louisiana, Clarksville. Chonetes ornata SHUMARD. Plate xxxviili, fig. 2. Chonetes ornata Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 202, pl. C, figs. la-c. Resembling somewhat (. f#emingi, but having much coarser radiating coste. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kinderkook beds: Hannibal, Louisiana, Vandever Falls ( Cooper county ). Chonetes logani Norwoop & PraTTEN. Chonetes logani Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. A small, semielliptic form with rather coarse, radiating lines. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana. Chonetes illinoisensis WorTHEN. Chonetes logani Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 598, pl. xii, figs. la-b. Chonetes illinoisensis Worthen, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, p..6/1. Chonetes illinoisensis Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. ILI, p. 505, pl. xv, figs. 8a-b. Somewhat resembling C.logani, but larger, and with about four times as many radiating lines. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Lower Bur- lington limestone: Louisiana, Ash Grove (Greene county). Chonetes mesoloba Norwoop & PRATTEN. Chonetes mesoloba Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., (2), vol. III, p. 27, pl. ii, figs. 7a-c. Chonetes mesoloba White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 merid., vol. LV, pt. ii, p. 123, pl. ix, figs. 7a. Chonetes mesoloba Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 228. 54 BRACHIOPODS. Shell like Ch. granulifera but very much smaller, and hay- ing in the ventral valve a prominent mesial fold with a narrow and ‘deep furrow on each side. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Chonetes millepunctatus MrEek & WorTHEN. Chonetes millenunctatus Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 35 Chonetes millepunctatus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, pl. xxv, figs. 3a—b. Shell large, thin, about two and one half times as wide as high. Dorsal valve almost flat, or slightly concave; hinge-line slightly shorter than the greatest width of the shell; extremi- ties rounded; cardinal process stout; cardinal edge somewhat thickened within, forming an obscure ridge which reaches half way to the extremities. Surface marked by numerous closely arranged concentric cost, which are very regular. florizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Chonetes flemingi Norwoop & PRatTEn. Plate xxxvili, figs. 6a-b. Chonetes flemingi Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., (2), vol. LII, p. 26, pl. ii, figs. 5a-e. Chonetes verneuiliana Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., (2), vol. IIL, p. 26, pl. ii, figs. 6a-c. Chonetes parva Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 201. Chonetes verneuiliana Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 216. Chonetes verneuiliana Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 170, pl. i, figs. 10a—b. Chonetes flemingi Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 247. - Shell similar to Ch. granulifera, but more convex, much smaller, with mesial sinus of the ventral valve very marked. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. | BRACHIOPODS. ~ 55 Chonetes levis KEyss. Plate xxxvii, figs. 5a-b. Chonetes glabra Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 60, tab.iv, figs. 15-18. (Not Hall, 1857.) Chonetes glabra Meek, 1872: U. 8S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 171, pl. iv, fig. 10; and pl. viii, figs. 8a-b. Chonetes levis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 229, pl. xii, figs. 3a-b. Chonetes geinitzianus Miller, 1890: N. A. Geol. and Pal., p. 339. Chonetes levis Keyes, 1891: Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 246. Shell small, thin, transversely semi-elliptic ; hinge-line as long as the greatest width of the shell, or often extended be- yond the lateral margins. Ventral valve convex, witha broad, very shallow median depression, which is often wanting en- tirely; beak not prominent, appressed; cardinal area rather narrow but well defined centrally, becoming linear toward the extremities ; foramen moderately wide; cardinal margin bear- ing from four to seven oblique spines on each side of the beak. Dorsal valve flat, or slightly concave; cardinal process small and slightly trilobate. Surface of shell apparently smooth, but under a magnifier it is seen to be marked by numerous very minute concentric lines and more prominent, often somewhat imbricated, lines of growth. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. In the original diagnosis of this species the statement was made that the form was probably the same as that described by Geinitz as Chonetes glabra from the Upper Coal Measures of Nebraska. But inasmuch as Geinitz’s name had been preoccu- pied by Hall in 1857 for a species from the Upper Helderberg, Chonétes levis becomes the next available name. Miller, how- ever, has proposed still more recently the term Chonetes get- nitzianus for the same shell, which of course becomes a syno- nym. Lately this form has been found in great abundance in central Iowa scattered through a bed of bituminous shale near Des Moines. It is associated withits near congener Ch. mesoloba Norwood & Pratten. The differences between the two species, 56 BRACHIOPODS. as pointed out in the remarks accompanying the description of Ch. levis, hold good throughout the entire series collected. As some of the specimens of the smooth species often show faint radiating strive, it has been suggested that these shells are merely water-worn individuals of other forms. This, however, does not appear to be the case, as a large number of both species have been found intimately associated; and in Ch. mesoloba the radiating strive are very sharply defined and well preserved. Besides, the conditions under which the mollusks of these species flourished show conclusively that all influences of wave action were absent during the deposition of the deposits. Chonetes granulifera Own. Chonetes granulifera Owen, 1852: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, lowa and Min- nesota, p. 583, tab. v, figs. 12a-c. Chonetes granulifera Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. III, p. 24. Chonetes smithii Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. III, p. 24, pl. ii, figs. 2a-c. Chonetes mucronata Meek & Hayden, 1858: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 262. (Not Conrad, 1843.) Chonetes mucronata Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pal. Upper Missouri, p. 22, pl. i, figs. 5a-e. Chonetes mucronata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 58, tab. iv, figs. 12, 13, 14. Chonetes granulifera Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 170, pl. ly, 119.9, pl. Vi; fle w10< pl vilied ouar Chonetes granulifera White, 1875: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid , vol. IV, pt. ii, p. 122, pl. ix, figs. 8a.-c. Shell rather large, semicircular; hinge-line longer than greatest breadth of shell anteriorly. Ventral valve regularly convex, with the mesial sinus broad yet shallow; beak small, extending but slightly over the hinge area; cardinal margig provided with from seven to ten spines on each side of the beak. Area narrow, with a wide foramen which is par- tially covered by a pseudo-deltidium. Hinge teeth well de- fined, narrow, finely lined. Dorsal valve concave, rather closely appressed against the opposite valve. Surface of shell marked by numerous fine, radiating ribs, with a few concentric lines of growth which are usually more or less imbricated. BRACHIOPODS. _ 57 Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. This widely distributed form is quite abundant every- where along the Missouri river in Missouri, Kansas, Ne- braska and Iowa, and forms one of the most characteristic species of the Upper Coal Measures. Ohonetes mucronata, described by Meek & Hayden, is manifestly the same species with the hinge-line somewhat more extended than in Owen’s specimens. Chonetes smithi of Norwood and Pratten appears, in all essential respects, identical with the species under con- sideration. | Orthis occidentalis Hat. Orthis occidentalis Hall, 1817: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 127, pl. xxxii A, figs. 2a—m. Orthis occidentalis Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 96, pl. ix, figs. 3a—h. Orthis occidentalis White, 1881: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 10th Ann. Rep., p. 485, pl. ii, figs. 10-12. Shell of moderate size, somewhat wider than long, trans- versely subquadrate. Surface ornamented by coarse coste. Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- stone: Cape Girardeau. Orthis fissicosta Hatt. Orthis fissicosta Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 121, pl. xxxii, figs. 7a—b. Orthis fissicosta Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 106, pl. viii, figs. 6a—h. Like O. retrorsa but much smaller, and with fewer and pro- portionally much larger radiating coste. . Horizon and localities. — Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- stone: McCune station (Pike county ), Cape Girardeau. G—9d 58 BRACHIOPODS. Orthis emacerata Hatt. Orthis emacerata Hall, 1860: 13th Reg. Rep. St. Cab. New York, p. 121. Orthis emacerata Hall, 1862: 15th Reg. Rep. St. Cab. New York, pl. ii, . 1-2. nn tenes Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 109, pl. viii, figs. la-d and 2a-g. Shell small, plano-convex, rather depressed, transversely truncato-suboval, the length being about five-sixths its breadth; hinge-line perhaps always a little shorter than the greatest breadth of the valves; lateral margins generally rounding to the hinge, most prominent at or a little behind the middle, and rounding to the front, which is usually somewhat straightened, or very faintly sinuous, at the middle; or presents a regular semicircular outline. Dorsal valve nearly flat, or slightly con- vex on each side of a shallow mesial sinus, that commences very narrow at the beak, and usually widens rather rapidly to the front; beak very small, scarcely projecting beyond the edge of the area, and not incurved; area low at the middle, and narrowing off to nothing at the lateral extremities of the hinge, slightly arched, and directed obliquely backward; fore- arm very small and filled by the cardinal process. Interior very shallow, and provided with a slender mesial ridge that _ extends about half way forward from the hinge, between the muscular impressions, which are not usually well defined; scars of posterior pair of adductor muscles smaller, and usually deeper, than the interior, and situated close back under the brachial processes; those of the anterior pair three or four times the size of the posterior, sub-oval in form, and extending to near the middle of the valve; cardinal process very small and trifid; brachial processes comparatively rather stout and prominent; internal surface having the radiating striz of the exterior rather distinctly impressed through as it were, in consequence of the thinness of the shell, and finely granular, the granules being apparently connected with the punctate structure of the shell. Ventral valve compressed, convex, the greatest convexity being near or a little behind the middle, along a more or less BRACHIOPODS. 59 prominent undefined ridge that sometimes, but not always, imparts a sub-carinate appearance to the central and umbonal regions; beak small, projecting somewhat beyond that of the other valve; abruptly pointed and rather distinctly arcbed, but © not strongly incurved; area about twice as high as that of the other valve, and with its sharply defined edges sloping to the lateral extremities of the hinge, directed and arched obliquely backward with the beak; foramen having nearly the form of an equilateral triangle, but rather narrowed upward to the apex of the beak, and partly occupied by the cardinal process of the other valve. Interior showing the teeth to be moder- ately prominent; concavity for the muscular impressions very shallow, small, somewhat bifid anteriorly, and not defined by a very distinct marginal ridge; scars of divaricator muscles apparently narrow, and situated on each side of a shallow mesial depression, which seems to include far back at its pos- terior end those of the very small adductors, merely separated from each other by a hairline; impressions of ventral adjustor muscles apparently wider and shorter than those of the divari- cators; strie and the fine granules of the interior as in the other valve. Surface of both valves ornamented by numerous distinct radiating striw, that usually bifurcate about three times between the beak and free margins; posterior lateral strie so strongly curved that a part of them run out on the hinge-line. Numerous very minute, regularly disposed concentric lines may also be seen by the aid of a magnifier, most distinctly defined in the furrows between the much larger radiating strie; while a few distant, subimbricating, stronger marks of growth are usually seen in adult shells. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: Cape Girardeau. 60 BRACHIOPODS. Orthis tricenaria Conrap. Plate xxxix, fig. 4. Orthis tricenaria Conrad, 1843: Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 333. Orthis tricenaria Hall, 1847: Pal. N. Y., vol. I, p. 121. Shell rather below medium ‘size, flattened, sides straight, hinge-line as long as greatest width. Surface marked by strong, rather large radiating cost, which curve slightly outward as they leave the beak. Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: McCune station ( Pike county ). Orthis missouriensis SHumarp. Orthis missouriensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 205, pl. C, figs. 9a-b. Like O. tricenaria, but much wider in proportion to the length; hinge-line also longer than greatest width. Horizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Girardeau lime- stone: Cape Girardeau. Orthis subquadrata Hat. Orthis subguadrata Hall, 1847: . Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 126, pl. xxxiiA, figs. Ja-o. Orthis subquadrata Hall, 1862: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, Ann. Rept., p. 54. Orthis subquadrata Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 94, pl. ix, figs. 2b-g.- Shell attaining about a medium size, rather distinctly resupinate, somewhat wider than long, subquadrate in general outline; moderately convex; cardinal margin shorter than the breadth of the valves, and rounding abruptly at the extremi- ties into the lateral margins, which round and converge for- ward; front a little sinuous or straightened at the middle. Dorsal valve more convex than the other, its most promi- nent part being near the middle; mesial sinus small and rather shallow, sometimes continued back nearly to the umbo, or in other instances scarcely more than reaching the middle; beak very short, or little distinct from the edge of the area, and more or less arched; area narrow, directed obliquely backward and downward. Interior with scars of the adductor muscles moderately distinct, the posterior pair being situated close BRACHIOPODS. 61 back under the brachial processes, one on each side of a well- defined rounded ridge, that becomes suddenly smaller between the anterior pair; cardinal process rhombic, subconical, mod- erately prominent, and having its posterior side marked by deeply impressed divaricating strive; sockets well defined; brachial process rather strong, and directed obliquely forward and laterally; internal surface, excepting the radiately striated front and lateral margins, nearly smooth. Ventral valve alittle convex at the umbo, and flat or slightly concave between the umbo and the front and lateral margins, but sometimes having a low, very obscure mesial elevation toward the front; beak small and very short, or scarcely equaling that of the other valve, arched at the apex, but not strongly incurved; area about twice as high as that of the other valve; well-defined, tapering rather rapidly toward the lateral extremities, arched with the beak and directed back- ward and downward at decidedly less than a right angle to that of the other valve; foramen broad-triangular, and partly occupied by the cardinal process of the other valve. Interior with muscular sears occupying a rather deep bilobate impres- sion, extending nearly or quite to the middle of the valve, and usually defined by a low ridge most distinct on each side ;scars of adductor: muscles small, separated by a mere trace of a raised line; those of the divaricator muscles of moderate size, longitudinally striated, and having their narrow posterior ends extending backward nearly to a small triangular, transversely striated space occupying the interior of the beak; those of the ventral adjustor muscles smaller and shorter than the divari- cators, and situated nearly under the hinge teeth, which are moderately prominent, sub-trigonal and oblique; vascular markings with their lateral divisions curving up backward and sending off several branches, while the other divisions extend forward and bifurcate so as to occupy the anterior region; anterior and lateral margins crenate within by very short strize. Surface of both valves ornamented by moderately stout, radiating strie, the posterior lateral of which curve so strongly 62 BRACHIOPODS. outward that a few of them run out on the cardinal edge be- fore reaching the lateral margins; strive of the ventral valve nearly always increasing by bifurcation (some of them divid- ing two or three times ), while that on the dorsal valve gen- erally increases by the intercalation of shorter ones between the longer. A few distant sub-imbricating marks of growta are sometimes seen toward the front and lateral margins; while on perfectly preserved specimens the radiating striz may sometimes be seen to be roughened by minute elevated concentric lines, that are more or less interrupted in crossing some of the striz. Horizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: Warren and Jefferson counties. Orthis subcarinata Hat. Orthis subearinata Hall, 1857: Reg. Rep.Univ. New York, p. 43. Orthis subcarinata Hall, 1859: Pal. New York, vol. ILI, p. 169, pl. xii, figs. 7-21. Orthis subcarinata Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, p. 373, pl. vii, figs. 6a-d. A rather small subovate form resembling O. eleguntula. Horizon and localities —U pper Silurian limestone: Oyrene (Pike county ), Bailey landing ( Perry county ). Orthis iowensis Hatt. : Plate xxxviii, figs. 6a-c. Orthis iowensis Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 488, pl. ii, figs. 4a-i. Orthis towensis White, 1881: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 10th Ann. Rept., p. 501, pl. v, figs. 10-12. Shell transversely ovoid; hinge-line short, about one-half the width of the valves. Ventral valve much deeper than the dorsal, with a broad median fold; beak prominent, area small. Dorsal valve flattened, with a broad shallow sinus. Surface marked by fine radiating lines. Horizon and localities. — Devonian, Hamilton limestone: “ Grand Tower” (Perry county ). BRACHIOPODS. 63 Orthis swallowi Hatt. Plate xxxviii, fig. 5. Orthis swallowi Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 597, pl. xii, figs. 5a-b. Orthis clarkensis Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 81. Shell very large, wider than long; hinge-line long, but somewhat shorter than greatest width of the valves; cardinal extremities rounded. Dorsal valve quite convex, with occa- sionally obscure traces of a mesial sinus. Surface marked by numerous closely arranged radiating lines and concentric lines of growth. Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Burling- ton limestone: Hannibal. Orthis burlingtonensis HA tt. Plate xxxviii, fig. 7. Orthis michelina, var. burlingtonensis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 596, pl. xii, figs. 4a-b. Orthis thiemeti White, 1860: Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Bist., vol. VII, p. 231. Orthis missouriensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 639. ( Not Shumard 1855. ) : Orthis thiemet White, 1883: U.S. Geol. and Geog. Sur. Terr., 12th Ann. Rep., p. 164, pl. xli, figs. 4a-d. Shell rather small, appressed, subcircular, hinge-line rather short. Dorsal valve somewhat deeper than the ventral. Sur- face of both valves marked by fine radiating coste. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- hook beds: Louisiana, Hannibal; Burlington ( lowa); Burling- ton limestone: Sedalia, Ash Grove (Greene county ), Spring- field, Hannibal, Louisiana, Ste. Genevieve. Orthis keokuk Hatt. Orthis keokuk Hail, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 640, pl. xix, figs. 5a-b. Very large, with small radiating coste. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Wayland (Clark county ). 64 BRACHIOPODS. Orthis dubia Hatt. Orthis dubia Hall, 1856: Trans. Albany Inst., vol LV, p. 12. Orthis cooperensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I1,. p. 82. Orthis dubia Whitfield, 1882: Bul. American Mus. Nat. Hist., No.3, p. 45, pl. vi, figs. 1-5. Orthis dubia Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 12th Ann. Rept., p. 324, pl. xix, figs. 1-5. Similar to O. burlingtonensis but very much smaller. Horizon and localities.—Lower Oarboniferous, Saint Louis. limestone: Barrett (St. Louis county ). Orthis pecosii Marcov. Orthis pecosit Marcou, 1858: Geol. N. A., p. 48, pl. vi, figs. 14a-b. Orthis carbonaria Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 218. Orthis carbonaria Meek, 1872: U.S8. Geol. Sur. Nebraka, p. 173, pl. i, figs. 8a-c. Orthis pecosi White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. LV, p. 125, pl. ix, figs. 5a-c. Shell small, sub-circular in outline; hinge-line short. Ven- tral valve moderately convex, more or less distinctly flattened anteriorly; beak small, rather prominent, pointed, and arched over the small well-marked area; foramen narrow. Dorsal valve usually slightly more arched than the opposite valve, and generally showing traces of a very shallow median sinus ; area well defined, but smaller than in the other valve. Surface marked by numerous fine radiating ribs, which inerease by in- tercalation ; these are crossed by lines of growth. re i: Horizon and localittes—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- ures: Kansas City. Platystrophia lynx ( E1cHwatp). Plate xxxix, fig. 5. Terebratula lynx Kichwald, 1830: Nat. Kizze. von Podol, p. 202. Spirifer lynx Von Buch, 1887: Ueber Delth., p. 44, Spirifer biforatus, var. lynx Hall, 1852: Pal. New York, vol. II, p. 65, pl. xxii, figs. la-e. . Orthis lynx Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 114, pl. x, figs. la-e. Shell attaining a large size, nearly equivale, wider than long, with a transversely oval sub-quadrate outline, or, in old BRACHIOPODS. 65 specimens, often becoming so gibbous as to assume a sub-glo- bose form; hinge-line usually a little less than the greatest breadth of the valves but sometimes equaling, or somewhat ex- ceeding, the same; cardinal extremities more or less obtusely angular, nearly rectangular, or sometimes rather sinuous behind and rounding to the front, which is a little sinuous, rounded or somewhat prominent at the middle; beaks and cardinal areas of the two valves nearly equal, the former incurved and ap- proximate, or, in adult shells, sometimes contiguous. Dorsal valve generally a little more convex than the other, in some examples rather decidedly so (its greatest convexity being near the middle), provided with a moderately prominent, rather rounded mesial fold, that commences at or near the beak, and continues forward, gradually widening and rounding over with the curve of the valve to the front, where it is moderately ele- vated, with more or less sloping sides; lateral slopes convex ; beak projecting beyond the hinge margin, strongly incurved, particularly in old individuals, which sometimes have the gib- bous umbo projecting even a little beyond that of the other valve; cardinal area well developed, distinctly defined, nearly as wide as that of the other valve, directed backward, and more or less strongly incurved; foramen broad-triangular, and not closed by the cardinal process. Interior showing the cardinal process to be very small, or merely having the character of a lew linear ridge in the rostral cavity ; posterior pair of muscu- lar impressions corrugated, and decidedly larger and more widely separated than the others. Ventral valve with a mesial sinus corresponding to the fold in the other valve, and terminating at the front in a rather short, somewhat rounded projection, that curves more or less upward into a sinuosity of the same size and form in the margin of the dorsal valve; beak usually a little less strongly incurved than that of the other, and very slightly more prom- inent at its apex; cardinal area about one-fourth to one-third higher at the middle than in the dorsal valve, and narrowing less rapidly toward the lateral extremities; incurved and di- rected backward, but a little less strongly so than the other; 66 BRACHIOPLODS. foramen having nearly the form of an equilateral triangle, or sometimes slightly wider than high, or the reverse. Interior with hinge teeth moderately prominent and trigonal; cavity for the reception of the muscular attachments comparatively small, scarcely reaching the middle of the valve, longer than wide, or elongate-oval, with nearly straight and parallel sides, always well defined by the dental ridges, and on old specimens extremely profound, owing to the thickening of the interior of the cardinal region of the valve on each side. Surface of each valve ornamented by about sixteen to twenty-four strong, more or less angular radiating plications, of which three or four (rarely five) occupy the mesial sinus, and from four to six the mesial fold; plications generally sim- ple, but occasionally some of those in the sinus and on the fold, and still more rarely, a few of those on the lateral slopes, bifurcating once; lines of growth moderately distinct, particu- larly near the free margins of adult shells, where they present a distinetly zigzag appearance in crossing the plications and the furrows between them. Protected portions of the surface of well-preserved specimens also often show, under a strong magnifier, numerous regularly arranged minute granules, prob- ably coincident with the punctures of the shell substance. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities.—ULower Silurian, Trenton lime- stone: Cape Girardeau. Platystrophia acutilirata (ConrapD). Delthyris acutilirata Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila,, vol. VIL, p. 260, pl. xiv, fig. 15. Orthis acutilirata Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 119, pl. x, figs. d5a-g. Like P. lynx but with hinge-line extended, often making the shell twice as wide as long. Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: Lou'siana. BRACHIOPODS. 67 Streptorhynchus filitexta (Hatt). Leptena filiterta Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 111, pl. xxxiB, figs. 3a-f. Strophomena filitecta Hail, 1859: 12th Rep. Reg. State Cab. New York, pz 70. Strophomena filitecta Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 83, pl. vi, figs. 5a-d. Like 8. planumbonum but longer, and ornamented with much finer radiating lines. Fflorizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: Louisiana. Streptorhynchus subplanum (Conrap ). Strophomena subplana Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. WwLityp.. 268. Leptena subplana Hall, 1852: Pal. New York, vol. II, p. 259, pl. liii, figs. 8-10. Streptorhynchus subplana Hall, 1863: Trans. Albany Institute, vol. IV, p. 226. Streptorhynchus subplana Hall, 1882: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 11th Ann. Rept. Somewhat like S. planumbonum but flat, larger, and with much coarser radiating coste. Horizon and localities.—Upper Silurian limestone: Cyrene ( Pike county ). Streptorhynchus lens WuHits. Plate xxxix, figs. 2a-b. Streptorhynchus lens White, 1862: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1X, p. 28. A small circular form with narrow cardinal areas. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana ( Kinderhook?) limestone: Louisiana, Clarksville. ‘Streptorhynchus crenistria ( PHILLIPs ). Plate xxxviili, figs. 8a-h. Spirifera crenistria Phillips, 1836: Geol. Yorkshire, vol. II, p. 216, pl. in ups 6. Producta incurvata Shepard, 1838: Am. Jour. Sci., p. 144, figs. 1, 2, 3. Orthisina crassa Meek & Hayden, 1858: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 260. Orthis robusta Hall, 1858: Geol. Lowa, vol. I, p. 713, pl. xxviii, figs. 5a-c. Orthis lasallensis McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Palze. Foss., p. 32. 68 BRACHIOPODS. Orthis richmonda McChesney, 1860: Dese. New Pale. Foss., p. 32. Hemipronites crassus Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pale. Upper Missourt, p. 26, pl. i, figs. 7a-d. Orthis crenisiria Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 46, tab. iii, figs. 20, 21. | Hemipronites lasallensis McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. [ep.28, pleig ig. 0. Hemipronites crassus McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p28 eploiy ag ep. Hemipronites crassus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 174, pl. v, figs. 10a-b; and pl. viii, fig. 1. Hemipronites crassus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, D570: pl exxy, Dey Looe Hemipronites crenistria White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. IV, p.124, ply eieops: Hemipronites crassus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rep. 1883, p. 129, pl. xxvi, figs. 4-11. Streptorhynchus crenistria Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila , p. 229. Shell quite variable, semi-circular to nearly round in out- line, generally, however, considerably wider than long: hinge- line usually shorter than the greatest breadth of the valves. Dorsal valve moderately convex; beak not distinct. Ventral valve convex at first, but becoming flat and then sometimes concave around the anterior margin; hinge-area varying con- siderably in height; plane? or slightly concave, more or less distinctly marked by fine lines; foramen closed. Surface ornamented by numerous fine radiating ribs, of which every fourth or fifth is much more prominent than the rest; these ~ are crossed by fine lines of growth. florizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- ures: Kansas City, Clinton, Lexington. Meekella striatocostata (Cox) Plate xxxix, figs. la-c. Plicatula striatocostata Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. III, p. 568, Davie 2 ark | Orthisina shumardiana Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. Lap lees Orthisina missouriensis Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 219. Streptorhynchus pyramidalis Newberry, 1861: Ives’ Exp. Exped. Colorado River, p. 126 BRACHIOPODS. 69 Streptorhynchus occidentalis Newberry, 1861: Ives’ Exp. Exped. Colorado River, p. 126. Orthisina occidentalis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 83. Orthis striatocostata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 48, tab. iii, figs. 22-24. Meekella striatocostata White & St. John, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 120, figs. 4, 5, 6. Meekella striatocostata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 175, pl. V, figs. 12a-c. Meekella striatocostata White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. IV, p. 126, pl. ix, figs. 4a-c. Shell of medium size, subglobose, with from ten to fifteen large radiating plications, which become more or less angular toward the margin; hinge-line much shorter than the greatest breadth of the valves. Ventral valve somewhat larger than the other; cardinal area relatively narrow transversely, often higher than wide, and finely lined; foramen quite narrow, cov- ered by a rounded pseudo-deltidium having a distinct median ridge. The apical portion of the valve is more or less twisted and arched, though occasionally undistorted. Dorsal valve usually less convex than the ventral, often more or less flat- tened centrally and in front; beak incurved, projecting but slightly beyond the hinge-line. Surface of both valves orna- mented by minute radiating lines, which anteriorly converge on each side of the several plications. These are crossed by more or less well-defined lines of growth. FHlorizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Strophomena deltoidea Conran. Strophomena deltoidea Conrad, 1839: Ann. Rept. Geol. New York, p. 64. Strophomena deltoidea Hall, 1867: Pal. New York, vol. 1V, p. 106. Resembling an immature SN. alternata, but with the cardi- nal extremities produced somewhat and the front margin ex- tended. Hlorizon and localities.— Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- stone: McCune station (Pike county). 70 BRAOHIOPODS. Plectambonites rhomboidalis (W1ILcKEns). Plate xxxix, fig. 6. Conchita rhomboidalis Wilckens, 1769: Nachreicht. von seltenen Verst., p. 77, pl. viii, figs. 43-44. i Strophomena rhomboidalis Lindstrom, 1860: Goth. Brach., p. 371. Strophomena rhomboidalis Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, vol. I, Pal., p. 75, pl. v, figs. 6a-e. 3 Like Strophomena but with flattened, visceral area covered ' with prominent concentric wrinkles, and with abruptly up- turned frontal and lateral borders. Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales : Cape Girardeau; Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau ( Kinderhook) limestone: Curryville (Pike county ); Burlington limestone: Louisiana. Strophodonta demissa (ConrapD). Plate xxxix, figs. 7a-b. Strophodonta demissa Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. VIII, p. 258, pl. xiv, fig. 14. Strophodonta demissa Hall, 1857: Reg. Rep. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 137. Strophodonta demissa Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 495, pl. iii, figs. 5a-k. Strophodonta navalis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Lonis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 365. Strophodonta callawayensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 638. Strophodonta quadrata Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 639. Strophodonta equicostata Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 639. Shell semi-elliptic, about as wide as long; hinge-line usu- ally slightly longer than the greatest width; cardinal area nar- row. Surface marked by strong, angular coste. florizon and localities.— Devonian, Callaway limestone: Dauphin ( Callaway county ). Strophomena alternata (Conrap). Plate xxxix, fig. 3 Leptena alternata Conrad, 1838: Ann. Rep. Geol. New York, p. 115. Strophomena alternata Conrad, 1889: Ann. Rep. Geol. New York, p. 62. Leptena alternata Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 202, pl. xxxi, figs. 10-20. Strophomena alternata Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 88, pl. vii, figs. la-g. BRACHIOPODS. Le Shell attaining a large size, semi-oval, the breadth being nearly always greater than the length, but varying from about equal to the latter to the proportions of near nine to seven; hinge-line as long at the breadth of the valves at any point farther forward, or somewhat longer; lateral extremities rec- tangular, sometimes compressed and moderately deflected ; lateral margins straight, a little convex, or slightly sinuous posteriorly, and rounding forward to the front, which is semi- circular in outline, or sometimes so prominent and narrowly rounded in the middle as to impart a sub-trigonal form to the general outline of the valves. Dorsal valve flattened in the umbonal and cardinal regions, and gently or more or less strongly concave in the central and anterior portions, and curved upward around the anterior and lateral margins; beak small, but projecting slightly beyond the edge of the area, which is very narrow, or sub-linear, and directed nearly back- ward. Interior with cardinal process strong directed obliquely _ forward, with its two divisions distinctly diverging and flat- tened and longitudinally striated on their posterior faces; sockets for the reception of the teeth of the other valve rather well defined; socket ridges very small, and uniting behind the cardinal process to form a kind of false deltidium ; muscular scars comparatively small, but deeply impressed near the cardinal process on each side of a small, short, mesial ridge, and nearly surrounded by a low obtuse ridge formed by the thickening of the adjacent internal surface of the valve; anterior and lateral margins more or less thickened and genicu- lated within (especially in adult shells), the thickened zone being transversely furrowed and sometimes granular, while out- side of it the immediate edge of the valve is suddenly flattened, and minutely striated and granulated. Ventral valve a little convex at the umbo, but generally much compressed over the whole visceral region, in the adult (which included the whole surface of the young and half-grown shell), but becoming more convex (sometimes strongly so) ante- riorly or anterio-centrally and laterally, and thence more or less curved up to the anterior and lateral margins; area of: (2 BRACHIOPODS. moderate height, flat, and directed obliquely backward nearly at right angles to that of the other valve; beak very small, scarcely distinct from the margin of the area, and minutely perforated; foramen broadly triangular, and arched over above by the pseudo-deltidium, which is very deeply sinuous on its inner edge, the sinus being nearly or quite closed by the dental process and pseudo-deltidium of the other valve. Interior with cardinal margin somewhat carinate within ; hinge teeth moderately prominent, remote and widely diver- gent; dental ridges obscure and extending obliquely outward and forward, but not produced or curving to surround a saucer- shaped cavity for the muscular scars; scars of adductor mus- cles narrow, long and closely approximated or almost in con- tact; those of cardinal muscles on each side very large, fan- shaped but shallow, separated sometimes by a sinall ridge in advance of the adductor scars, and marked by radiating furrows and ridges; while the anterior and lateral regions are usually marked by strie and scattering granules. Surface of both valves ornamented by numerous radiating striae, that increase in num- ber, on the ventral valve, mainly by intercalation, and are usu- ally arranged with one to six or eight smaller and shorter ones between each two larger and more prominent ones, the largest one of which often occupies the mesial line; while on the dorsal valve they more frequently increase by division, and are generally of more uniform small size. On well-preserved speci- mens-all the radiating lines are crossed by numerous very minute, regular, closely arranged concentric strie, that are invisible without the aid of a magnifier; a few moderately dis- tinct, sub-imbricating marks are often seen near the free mar- gins of adult shells. ( Meek.) Horizon and localittes—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: Cape Girardeau. BRACHIOPODS. to Strophomena planumbona (Ha zz). Plate xxxix, fig.3. Lepteena planumbona Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 112, pl. xxx B, figs. 4a-d. Strophomena planumbona Hall, 1859: 12th Reg. Rep. State Cab. New York, p. 70. Strophomena planumbona Hall, 1862: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, p. 54, fig. 7. Strophomena planumbona Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 79, — pl. vi, figs. 3a-h. Strophomena planumbona White, 1881: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 10th Ann. Rept., p. 480, pl. ii, figs. 13-14. Shell rather small, or scarcely attaining a medium size, . concavo-convex, semi-oval, or more than semicircular in outline; hinge-line generally a little longer than the breadth of the valves at any point farther forward; lateral extremities, in most examples, somewhat less than rectangular, or sometimes rather acute, more or less compressed and deflected ; lateral margins a little contracted posteriorly, and rounding to the front, which forms a regular semicircular curve. Dorsal valve flat in the umbonal region, and rather strongly and evenly con- vex in the central and interior regions, from which it rounds off abruptly to the front and lateral margins; beak very small, or not distinct from the edge of the narrow or sublinear area, which is inclined nearly directly backward, but not incurved. Interior showing the cardinal process to be small, depressed, divided to its base into two diverging tooth-like parts, a little flattened on their posterior faces, and directed very obliquely forward and outward; socket ridges short and oblique; mesial ridge low, extending but a little distance forward; while the space between it and the socket ridge, on each side, is occupied by a moderately distinct muscular sear. Ventral valve broadly and rather deeply concave in. the central and anterior regions, and sharply convex at the beak, which is very small, abruptly pointed, scarcely projecting be- yond the edge of the area, and usually minutely perforated; area moderately high, extending the whole length of the hinge, gen- erally but iittle sloping laterally, flattened and inclined more or less backward; foramen closed by a prominent, rounded pseu- dodeltidium that is transversely striated, and rather broadly G—6 74 BRACHIOPOUDS. sinuous on its inner edge, for the reception of the cardinal process of the other valve. Interior showing hinge teeth to be well developed, trigonal, and striated on their posterior sides; while from their inner bases the dental laminze extend forward so as nearly to encircle the usual saucer-shape depres- sion for the muscular scars, which is sometimes divided by a small, linear mesial ridge; cardinal margin prominent and sharp within on each side of the hinge teeth; anterior and lateral regions more or less thickened within, and roughened by the crossing of the vascular markings, which are scarcely visible on any part within this zone. Surface of both valves ornamented by numerous fine, closely crowded, radiating striw, that are often alternately a little larger and smaller, or on some parts, with several of the smaller ones between each two of the larger—the smaller be- ing always shorter than the larger, or ending at various dis- tances between the free margins and the beaks, without coalesc- ing with those between which they are intercalated. Striew and furrows minutely crenulated by extremely small, very regular, closely arranged concentric lines, invisible without the aid of a magnifier; afew subimbricating marks of growth are like- wise sometimes near the free margins. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: Louisiana, Cape Girardeau. Strophodonta? cymbiformis SwatLiow. Strophodonta cymbiformis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., VOL sD. .Ouu. Strophodonta subcymbiformis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 635. Strophodonta kemperi Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 636. Strophodonta infleca Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.. vol. I, p. 637. Strophodonta boonensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 638. Shell rather large, like S. demissa but with a broad, median sinus and fold. Horizon and localities.—Devonian, Callaway limestone: Dauphin ( Callaway county). | BRACHIOPODS. _ 75 Leptzena sericea SoweErRsy, Plate xxxix, fig. 9. Leptena sericea Sowerby, 1839: Sil. Syst., p xix, figs. 1-2. Strophomena sericea Conrad, 1840: Geol. New York, Ann. Rap.,p. 201. Leptena sericea Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 70, pl. 5, figs.. da-h. Shell small, transverse, semi-oval, approaching semi-circu- _ lar, concavo-convex; hinge-line equaling, or more frequently a little longer than the breadth of the valves at any point farther forward; lateral extremities varying from somewhat acutely an- gular to nearly or quite rectangular, and not properly reflected ; anterior and lateral margins forming together nearly a regular semi-circle curve. Dorsal valve concave, its deepest concav- ity being near the middle; beak not distinct from the cardinal margin ; area narrow or nearly linear, and ranging at right angles to the plane of the valves. Interior showing cardinal margin to be minutely crenulated toward the lateral extremities; car- _dinal process moderately prominent, and trifid, the middle di- vision being most prominent, with a deep pit at its inner base; brachial? process short, appressed, and widely divergent; mus- cular impressions generally obscurely defined, occupying an obcordate area, and separated from each other by two sub- parallel, narrow ridges that sometimes coalesce near the base of the cardinal process; each impression usually nearly equally divided by a slender linear, straight ridge; anterior and lateral regions more or less roughened by minute granular radiating striz. “Ventral valve moderately convex, being nearly evenly but gently arched along the middle from beak to the front, and thus following so nearly the curve of the other valve as to leave but a very thin visceral cavity within; beak very small, or scarcely if at all distinct from the cardinal margin; area twice or three times as high as that of the other valve, inclined backward, or more or less uearly parallel to the plane of the valves; foramen arched over near the beak by a small false deltidium, closed between this and the hinge margin by the prominent cardinal process of the valve. Interior showing 76 BRACHIOPODS. hinge margin to be obscurely marked with minute pits for the reception of the crenulations of that of the other valve; teeth small; muscular impressions long, narrow, separated behind by a short linear mesial ridge, and diverging and extending for- ward beyond the middle of the valve, with a moderately dis- tinct dental ridge along the lateral margin of each; anterior and lateral regions granulo-striated. Surface of both valves marked by numerous minute, closely arranged radiating striz, about every fourth, fifth or sixth one of which is a little larger and more prominent than those between. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: Louisiana. | Leptzena mesacosta SHUMARD. Leptena mesacosta Shumard, 1856: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 205, pl. C, fig. 2. Shell small, about as wide as long, the hinge-line being much shorter than in JZ. sericea. Horizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Girardeau lime- stone: Cape Girardeau. Syntrilasma hemiplicata (Haz). Plate xxxix, figs. 8a-d. Spirifer hemiplicatus Hall, 1852: Stansbury’s Expd. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 40%, pl. iv; fig. 3a-b. Syntrilasma hemiplicuta Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 323, figs. 37a—b. Rhynchonella angulata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 37, tab. iii, figs. 1-4. (Not R. angulata Linnzeus, 1767.) Syntrilasma hemiplicata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 177, pl. vi, figs. 12a-b. Shell subglobose, with several large, rounded plications anteriorly; hinge-line about one-third the greatest width of the valves. Ventral valve not.as convex as the dorsal; beak not prominent, somewhat incurved; cardinal area small, broad, tri- angular; foramen about as wide as high. Dorsal valve much more arched than the other; beak much incurved; area nar- row. Surface ornamented with small, radiating lines, which are crossed by lines of growth. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. BRACHIOPODS. 17 Spirifera perlamellosa? Hamu. Spirifer lamellosus Hall, 1857: Reg. Kep. Univ. New York, p. 57. Spirvfer lamellosus Hall, 1859: Pai. New York, vol. Lil, p. 291, pl. xxvi, figs. 1-2. Spirvfer lamellosus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. [II, p. 284, pl. vii, figs. 9a-b. A small shell with large, rounded, radiating folds, and unbricated lines of growth. Horizon and localities —Upper Silurian limestone: Bai- ley landing (Perry county ). This form is reported by Meek & Worthen from Missouri, but it probably cannot be regarded as strictly identical with the New York species described by Hall. Spirifera parryana HALL. Plate xl, figs. 4a-b. Spirifer euruteines Owen, 1852: U.S. Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, p. 586, tab. iii, figs. 2-2a and 6-Ga. (Not Owen, 1844.) Spirifer parryanus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 509, pl. iv, figs. 8a-b. Spirifer capax Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. 1, p. 520, pl. vii, figs. 7a-d. Spirifer fornacula Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, p. 433, pl. xiii, figs. 8a-e. ( Not Hall, 1857.) Spirifera parryana Calvin, 1888: Bul. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. lowa, vol. I, p. 19. A rather large, robust form with broad area. florizon and localities —Devonian, Hamilton? limestone: Perry county. Spirifera ligus OwEn. Spirifer liqgus Owen, 1852: U.S. Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, lowa and Minne- sota, p. 585, tab. iii, fig. 4. Spirvfer permatus Owen, 1852: U. 8S. Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, p. 585, tab. iii, figs. 3-3a. Spirifer perectensus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 414, pl. x, figs. la-d. Spirifera atwaterana Miller, 1878: Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 221. A large, very variable form, with long hinge-line and usu- ally rather broad cardinal area. 7 florizon and localities—Devonian, Hamilton? limestone: Perry county. 78 BRACHIOPODS. Spirifera subrotundata Hatt. Spirifer subrotundatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 521, pl. vii, figs. Sa-b. Rather below medium size, gibbous, subglobose; hinge- line shorter than greatest width of shell, cardinal extremities rounded. Surface marked like S. grimesi. Hovrizonand localities —Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau (Kinderhook ) limestone: Sedalia. | Spirifera taneyensis SwaLLow. Spirifer taneyensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, p. 645. A small, gibbous, submucronate shell with large plications, about ten in number. Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- hook beds: Taney county, according to Swallow. Spirifera cooperensis SwaLLow. Spirifer cooperensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol.[, p. Se Lge Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Il, p. 155, pl. xiv, figs. 5a-b. | A small, Athyris-like form, resembling the common NV. per- plexa from the Coal Measures, but having obscure radiating folds. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau (Kinderhook) limestone: Chouteau Springs (Cooper county ). Spirifera marionensis SHUMaRD. Spirifer marionensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 203, pl. C, figs. 8a—b. Spirifer marionensis Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 511, p}. vi, figs. la-c. Spirifer osagensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 641. : Spirifer missouriensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci, vol. I. p. 643. Spirifer vernonensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sei.. vol. I, p. 644, Spirifer ozarkensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 644. BRACHIOPODS. 79 Shell quite variable, usually somewhat wider than long, thick ; hinge-line varying in length from once to twice the length, and often mucronate. Cardinal area narrow. Surface marked by simple rounded ridges, 20 or 25 on each side of the median fold. . Horizonand localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook beds: Chouteau Springs (Cooper county), Hannibal, Louisi- ana, Clarksville (Pike county ), and elsewhere. Spirifera peculiaris SHUMARD. Spirifer peculiaris Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 202, pl. C, figs. 7a-b. A small subglobose form with broad plications. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook limestone: Chouteau Springs (Cooper county ). Spirifera grimesi Hatt. Spirtfer grimesi Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I. p. 604, pl. xiv, figs. 1-5. Shell very large, subglobose, usually longer than wide; hinge-line about three-fourths as long as the greatest width. Dorsal valve less convex than ventral, with a low, broad mesial fold, which becomes quite prominent at the anterior border. Ventral valve very convex, especially toward the umbo; mesial sinus broad, shallow ; area rather short, moderately high; for- amen wide; beak incurved. Surface marked by low, broad radiating ribs, which occupy the median fold and sinus as well as the other parts of the shell. The foldsagain marked by fine longitudinal lines. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau ( Kinderhook ) limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana, Sedalia; Bur- lington limestone: Palmyra (Marion county), Hannibal, Lou- isiana, Sedalia, Springfield, Ste. Genevieve. This species is one of the most characteristic forms of the Burlington limestone. As remarked by Hall, the shell is sel- dom found entire and undistorted, though one of the most abundant and widely distributed forms. The valves are easily separated, and being very thin, the specimens are commonly flattened out, thus making the hinge-line appear much longer 80 BRACHIOPODS. than it really is. At first glance it then appears strikingly like S. logani Hall, but that form is a much heavier shell, has a hinge-line very much longer, a lower cardinal area, and coarse radiating cost. -While probably closely related to S. grimest genetically, 8. loganit seems to be sufficiently distinct to need a separate specific designation. So far as is known, it has not been found below the Keokuk limestone. WS. grimes; as it oc- curs in the Kinderhook is still lighter in weight, has a still shorter hinge-line and finer ornamentation than the typical ex- amples of the Burlington. The speciesis not so abundant in Upper Burlington as in the Lower division; and may extend into the Keokuk. Spirifera forbesi Norwoop & PratTEn. Plate xl, fig. 3. Spirifer forbesi Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Sci., Phila., vol. Lilo sde. Swirifer forbesi Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol I, p. 600,pl. xiii, fig 1. Shell with hinge-line greatly extended, flattened, mesial fold and sinus small; radiating ribs, flattened, rather large. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana, Sedalia, Springfield. Spirifera imbrex Hatt. Spirifer imbrex Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 601,pl. xiii, fig. 2. Shell similar to 8S. forbesi, but hinge-line much shorter, mesial fold much broader, and lines of growth imbricated. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana. Spirifera lineatoides Swa.Liow. Plate xl, fig. 6. Spirifer lineatoides Swallow, 1860: . Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, p. 645, Shell large, robust, transversely elliptical. Ventral valve more convex toward the beak; hinge-line short, rather high; beak strongly incurved. Dorsal valve moderately convex, mesial fold broad, low, or scarcely defined. Surface marked by broad punctato-concentric bands. BRACHIOPODS. 81 Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Hannibal. The specimen figured under this name, though slightly smaller than Swallow’s type,is believed to represent this species. Spirifera logani Hat. Spirvifer logani Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 647, pl. xxi, figs. la-b, and 2. Spirifer levigatus Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Aead. Sci., vol. Il, p. 86. Shell very large, with close analogies to NS. grimesi, but having a much longer hinge-line, coarser plications and much thicker test. Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Wayland and St. Francisville (Clark county); Keokuk (Iowa). Spirifera levigata of Swallow is too poorly described to deserve recognition. Moreover, it seems. probable that Swal- low had in hand a water-worn valve of S. /ogani, not uncommon at Keokuk and elsewhere. Spirifera kelloggi SwaLLow. Spirifer kelloggi Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci , vol II, p. 86. A small plicated form closely resembling S. spinosus of Norwood & Pratten, but apparently having no spines. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Spirifera keokuk HALL. Plate xl, fig. 2. Spirifer keokuk Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 642, pl. xx, figs, 3a-d. ’ Spirifer littoni Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 646. Spirifer keokuk var. shelbyensis Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, p. 410. Shell rather small, robust, transversely elliptical. Plica- tions coarse, rounded; mesial fold and sinus well defined. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Wayland (Clark county ); Keokuk (Iowa ). G—7 82 BRACHIOPODS. Spirifera rostellata Hatt. Swirifer rostellatus Hall, 1858: Geology [fowa, vol. I, p. 641, pl. xx, figs. 2a-c. Of the S. grimesi type, but very much smaller. 2 Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Bonaparte ( Iowa). Spirifera pseudolineata Hatt. Spirifer pseudolineatus Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 645, pl. xx, fig. 4. Like S. lineatoides but broader, smaller, with mesial. fold more pronounced, and ornamentation finer. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: St. Francisville (Clark county ). Spirifera leidyi Norwoop & PRatTEN. Spirifer leidyi Norwood & Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., (2), vol. TEI, p. 72. Spirifer leidyi, var. chesterensis Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 409. Spirifer leidyi, var. merimacensis Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. If, p. 410. Shell similar to that of S. keokuk. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county); Saint Louis limestone: Ste. Genevieve. Spirifera increbescens Hat. Spirifer increbescens Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 706, pl. xxvii, ‘figs. 6a-i. Spirifer increbescens, var. americanus Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. If, p. 410. Very closely related to S. keokuk and may eventually prove identical with that species. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). BRACHIOPODS. 83 Spirifera setigera Hatt. Spirifer setigerus Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 705, pl. xxvii, figs. Ape ee Swallow: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 85. Of the S. lineatus type, but larger than that species, and with a more clearly defined median fold and sinus. florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). Spirifera contracta Meek & WorTHEN. Spirifer glaber, var. contractus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 298, pl. xxiii, figs. 5a-b. A large Athyris-like shell, but with the other Spirifer char- acters. florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskas- kia limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). Spirifera camerata Morton. Plate xl, figs. 5a-c, Spirifer cameratus Morton, 1836: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxix, p. 150, pl. ii, fig. 3. Spirifer triplicatus Hall, 1852: Stansbury’s Exped. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 419, pl. ii, fig. 5. Spirifer fasciger? Owen, 1852: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, lowa and Minne- sota, pl. v, fig. 4. . Spirifer meusebachanus Roemer, 1852: Kreid. von Texas, p. 88, tab. xi, fig’. 7. Spirifer cameratus Hall, 1856: Pacific R. R. Sur., vol. LIL, p. 102, pl. ii, ipa. 9, 12, 13. Spirifer cameratus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 709, pl. xxvii, figs. 2a—b. Spirifer cameratus, var. kansasensis Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol IL, p. 409. Spirifer cameratus, var. percrassus Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sei., vol. II,’ p. 409. Spirifer cameratus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 183, pl. Wee teats. pl. Vill, fig. 15, Spirifer cameratus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 573. Spirifer cameratus White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., p. 132, pl. x, figs. la-d. Spirifer cameratus White, 1881: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep. 1880, p. 149, pl. viii, fig. 3. Spirifer cameratus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep. for 1883, pt. ii, p. 133, pl. xxxv, figs. 3-5. Wt: Spirifera camerata Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 230. 84 BRACHIOPODS. Shell of medium size, rather ventricose, semicircular to subtrigonal in outline; hinge-line equaling or longer than great- est breadth of the valves. Ventral valve the more arched; beak incurved, prominent; cardinal.area well defined, moder- ately high, somewhat curved ; foramen equilaterally triangular ; median sinus well marked. Dorsal valve with an inconspicu- ous beak; mesial fold sharply rounded. Surface marked by prominent radiating ribs, which usually group themselves into fascicles of three to five or more. Lines of growth seldom well defined. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- ures: Clinton (Henry county), Kansas City, Lexington. Spirifera rockymontana Marcov. Spirifer rockymontanus Marcou, 1858: Geol. Norih America, p. 50. Spirifer opimus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 711, pl. xxviii, figs. la-b. Spririfer subventricosus McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pale. Foss., p. 44. Spirifer boonensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Lonis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 648. Spirifera rockymontana Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 231. Closely related to S. keokuk and probably the genetic suc- cessor of that species. Horizon and localities—_Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Spirifera perplexa McCuesnry. Spirifer lineatus (American authors, not Martin, 1809). Spirifer perplecus McChesney, 1860: Dese. New Pale. Foss., p. 43. Spirifer lineatus Swallow, 1866: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 409. Spirifer lineatus, var. striato-lineatus Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IT, p. 408. Shell much like an Athyris in general appearances, but with distinct cardinai area. Surface nearly smooth, but hay- ing faint radiating lines, and crenulated lines of growth, from which spring minute spines, apparently. Horizon and localitves.— Upper Carboniferous Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. BRACHIOPODS. 85 Spirifera planoconvexus SHUMARD. Spirifer planoconvecus Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 202. Ambocelie gemmula McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 41. Spirifer planoconverus Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pala. Upper Missouri, p. 20. Spirifer planoconvecus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 42, tab. iii, figs. 10-18. Martinia planoconveca McUhesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. Pepvot, plait; fig’ 1. Spirifer planoconvecus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 186, pl. iv, figs. 4a-b, and pl. viii, figs. 2a—b. Shell quite small, plano-convex, subcircular in outline; hinge-line somewhat shorter than greatest width of the valves ; surface glabrate, with indistinct lines of growth, but under a magnifier often showing minute spines, Ventral valve strongly arched, often with faint traces of a slight median depression ; beak prominent; area of moderate height; foramen narrow. Dorsal valve nearly plane; beak not well-defined; area narrow. Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. | Spiriferina clarksvillensis WINCHELL. Spiriferina clarksvillensis Winchell, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., yale Ck : A small form closely resembling S. kentuckensis, but with longer hinge-line. Horizon and localities —Lower Oarboniferous, Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone: Clarksville (Pike county ). Spiriferina spinosa (Norwoop & PrRatTTEn ). pirif er spinosa Norwood & Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., (2), vol. IIL, p. 71, pl. ix, figs. la-d. pirifer spinosa Hail, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol I, p. 706, pl. xxvii, figs. 5a-c. Spiriferina spinosa Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., p. 133. Larger than N. kentuckensis, more robust, with shorter hinge line, higher cardinal area, and largereplications. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 86 BRACHIOPODS. Spiriferina kentuckKensis (SHUMaRD). Spirifer octoplicatus Hall, 1852: Stansbury’s Expd. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 409, pl. xi, figs. 4a-b (not Sowerby). / Spirifer kentuckensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 203. Spirifer kentuckensis Hall, 1856: Pac. R. R. Reports, vol. ILI, p. 103, pl. ii, figs. 10, 11. Spirifer laminosus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 45, tab. iii, figs. 19a-d. (Not McCoy.) Spirifer kentuckensis, var. propatulus Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 409. Spiriferina kentuckensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 1835, pl. vi, figs. 3a-d, and pl. vii, figs. lla-b. Spiriferina kentuckensis White, 1875: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid, vol. IV, p. 138, pl. x, figs. 4a.-c. Spiriferina kentuckensis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 231. Shell small, quite variable, wider than long, with a narrow and deep mesial sinus and fold, on each side of which are from four to ten simple, sharply angular ribs. Ventral valve slightly more arched than the other; beak prominent, curved; area well defined; foramen slightly higher than wide. Dorsal valve with inconspicuous beak and narrow hinge area. Surface of valves marked by numerous crowded, strongly imbricated lines of growth. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Lexington. Syringothyris occidentalis (Swatiow ). Cyrtia occidentalis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 648. Cyrtina occidentalis Miller, 1877: Cat, Am. Pal. Foss., p. 110. Similar to S. carteri, but mach smaller, and with the cardi- nal extremities more rounded. Horizon and /localities-Devonian, Callaway limestone: Callaway county. Syringothyris eae Pa ( Hat). Spirifer extenuatus Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 520, pl. vii, fig. 6. Syringothyris halli Winchell, 1863: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila., Dae Syringothyris extenuata Schuchert, 1890: Ninth Ann. Rep. State Geologist New York, p. 33. ; Closely related to S. carteri, but smaller, with cardinal ex- tremities more attenuated. BRACHIOPODS. 87 Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- hook limestone: Clarksville (Pike county). Syringothyris carteri ( Hatt). Plate xl, fig. 10. Spirifer carteri Hall, 1857: ‘lenth Rep. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., . 170. ie eas hannibalensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Lonis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 647. Syringothyris typa Wiuchell, 1863: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 7. Syringothyris typa Winchell, 1870: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. XLI, p. 252. oie others cuspidatus Herrick, 1888: Bul. Dennison Univ., vol. IIf, p. ate Ol. iy eT. ; Syringcthyris carteri Schuchert, 1890: Ninth Ann. Rep. State Geologist New York, p. 30. Shell attaining a rather large size, very thin, nearly semi- circular, a8 seen in a direct view from above or below, and rhombic-subquadrangular in a front or posterior view, with length generally a little more than half the breadth, and the breadth usually about twice the height of the area; hinge-line about equaling the greatest breadth; front and lateral margins forming together a more or less nearly semi-circular curve, or with the central part of the former sometimes a little straight- ened, or even very faintly sinuous in outline, and the latter meeting the hinge at rather less than right angles behind. Dorsal valve moderately convex in the central region, thence sloping laterally and rounding more abruptly to the beak and anterior lateral margins than to the middle of the front; mesial fold depressed, smoothly rounded, equaling about two-thirds the breadth of the valves at the front, and sometimes showing on internal casts a faint linear mesial impression; beak small, and with the very narrow area incurved. Ventral valve much elevated at the beak, thence sloping laterally, with slightly convex outlines, at an angle of 100° to 125°, and more abruptly to the front and anterior lateral mar- gins; mesial sinus smoothly rounded within, rather shallow or moderately deep anteriorly, where it terminates in a short, rounded projection fitting into a corresponding sinus in the margin of the other valve; beak elevated, obtusely angular and 88 BRACHIOLODS. straight, or a little arched backward; area high, transversely and vertically striated, ranging more or less nearly at right angles to the plane of the valves, and flattened or somewhat arched backward, with its lateral margins moderately well-de- fined; foramen large, or about two:sevenths as wide at the hinge-line as the length of the latter, and three-fifths as wide as high, showing its deep-seated transverse septum and tube to be well developed above within. - Surface of both valves ornamented on each side of the non-costate mesial fold and sinus by about eighteen to twenty simple, depressed, rounded, radiating cost, some five or six of which on each side of the lateral extremities of both valves are usually nearly or quite obsolete. - Crossing all of these on well-preserved specimens, numerous fine concentric strie and some stronger marks of growth may be seen, and over the whole a minute pitting may be observed, so crowded and arranged as to present a delicate appearance, as seen by the aid of a magnifier. (Meek. ) Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- hook beds: Clarksville (Pike county); Louisiana, Hannibal; Burlington limestone: Springfield. Syringothyris plena (Hat). Plate xl, fig. 8. Spirifer plenus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol.I, p. 603, pl. xiii, figs. 4a-e. Syringothyris ? plena Schuchert, 1890: Ninth Ann. Rep. State Geologist New York, p. 37. A large heavy shell, distinguished from the associated forms by its large curved area. Horizon and localities—WUower COarboniferous, Burling- © ton limestone: Hannibal. Syringothyris texta (HALL). Spirifer textus Hail, 1857: 10th Rep. Reg. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 169. Spirifer subcuspidatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 646, pl. xx, fig. 5. Spirifer propinguus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 647. Spirifer subcuspidatus Hall, 1867: Pal. New York, vol. 1V, p. 249. Spirifer propinquus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Ill, p:.b30,-pl. xix, fg7s. . BRACHIOPODS. 89 Spirifer cuspidatiformis Miller, 1889: N.A. Geol. and Pal., p. 372. Syringothyris tecta Schuchert, 1890: 9th Ann. Rep. State Geologist New York, p. 34. Like S. cartert, but much heavier, larger and robust. Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). Cyrtina dalmani? (Hatt). Cyrtia dalmani Hall, 1857: 10th Rep. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 64. . Cyrtia dalmani Hall, 1859: Pa'. New York, vol. ILI, p. 206, pl. xxiv, figs. a-y. Cyrtina dalmani Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Lilinois, vol. III, p. 383, pl. vii, figs. 3a-b. A small form closely related to C. acutirostris. Horizon and localities. — Devonian, Hamilton ? limestone: Bailey landing ( Perry county ). Cyrtina acutirostris ( SHUMARD ) Plate xxxix, figs. 10a-b. Cyrtia acutirostris Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 204, pl. C, figs. 3a-c. Shell small; area very high, nearly an equilateral triangle ; greatest width at the cardinal margin. Beak of dorsal valve very slightly incurved in most specimens, sometimes straight ; deltoid aperture narrow, becoming abruptly dilated near the base ; lateral edges slightly elevated ; the elevation most prom- inent at the dilated portion; mesial sinus commencing at the tip of the beak, rather deeply impressed, and destitute of ribs. Ventral valve semi-elliptical, flattened, convex; mesial ridge elevated above the general convexity of the valve, and well defined by a wide concave space on either side. Some speci- mens exhibit a faint longitudinal sinus running the whole length of the mesial fold. Valves with four or five simple, rounded ribs on each side of the mesial fold and sinus, crossed by the undulating subimbricating lines of growth. (Shumard.) Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana (Kinderhook ) limestone: Louisiana, Hannibal. 90 BRACHIOPODS. Cyrtina umbonata ( HALy). Cyrtia umbonata Hall, ,1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 512, pl. v, figs. 2a-c. Cyrtia missouriensis Swallow, 1860: Trans..St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 647. Cyrtina umbonata Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., p. 1lvu. Similar to C. acutirostris, but more robust, with shorter hinge-line and lower area. ; florizon and localities.— Devonian, Callaway limestone: Callaway county (Swallow). Amboccelia minuta WHITE. Ambocelia minuta White, 1862: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1X, p. 26. Shell very small, subcircular in outline, and marked by well- defined lines of growth. florizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- hook beds: Hannibal. Athyris vittata Haz. Plate xli, figs. la-b. Athyris vittata Hall, 1860: 13th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist., p 89. Spirigera minima Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 649. Spirigera fultonensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad Sci., vol. I, | p. 650. Athyris vittata Hall, 1867: Pal. New York, vol. IV, p. 289, pl. xlvi, figs. 1-4. Shell very similar to A. argentea, but adult specimens are much smaller, less ventricose, and the concentric laminations much more pronounced. Horizon and localities —Devonian, Callaway limestone: Dauphin (Callaway county ). Careful comparisons of a large series of good specimens from Swallow’s type locality seem to show conclusively that Spirigera minima, is merely the young of NS. fultonensis. And the latter appears to be, without the slightest shadow of doubt, specifically identical with the common forms so widely distrib- uted throughout the Mississippi basin in the Devonian rocks, and so generally known under the name Athyris vittata of Hall. BRACHIOPODS. 91 Athyris hannibalensis (Swattow ). Plate xli, fig. 9. Spirigera hannibalensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 649. A rather large, lenticular form, with distant, concentric, im- bricated lines of growth. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana, Sulphur Springs (Saint Louis county ). Athyris proutii (Swa .tow ). Spirigera proutii Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 649. Resembling A. vittata, but with mesial fold more pro- nounced. Horizon and lecalities —Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana, { Kinderhook) limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana, Clarksville (Pike county ), Sulphur Springs ( Saint Louis county ). Athyris incrassatus Hatt. Plate xli, fig. 10. | Athyris incrassatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 600, pl. xii, fig. 6. Shell very large, heavy, flattened, with occasional imbri- cated lines of growth; surface otherwise smooth. Lower Carboniferous, Burlington Horizon and localities limestone: Hannikal. Athyris formosa (Swallow). Spirigera formosa Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IT, ee nn Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 91. A small form resembling closely A. trinuclea. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Boonville (Cooper county ). 92 BRACHIOPODS. Athyris trinuclea ( Ha.t). Terebratula trinuclea, Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 659, pl. xxiii, figs. 4a-c. Spirigera refleca Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. .Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 88. A very variable shell like A. argentea, the trilobate char- acter being usually more pronounced than in most other forins of the group. | 7 Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county ). Athyris subquadrata Hatt. Athyris subquadrata Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. L, p. 703, pl. xxvii, figs. 2a-d. Spirigera clintonensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, Dan. A rather large, trilobate form, much like the smaller A. trinuclea. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county). Athyris sublamellosa Hatt. Athyris sublamellosa Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 702, pl. xxvii, figs. la-c. Spirigera americana Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci , vol. II, p. 89. A large shell with prominently imbricated concentric lines of growth. Florizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). Athyris argentea ( SHEPARD ). Plate xxxix, figs. lla-d. Terebratula argentea Shepard, 1838: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. XXXIV, p. 152. Terebratula subtilita Hall, 1852: Stansbury’s Exped. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 409, pl. iv, figs. la-b, and 2a-b. Terebratula subtilita Schie], 1855: Pacific R. R. Sur., vol. (I, p. 108, pl. i, fig. 2. Teredratula subtilita Hall, 1856: Pacific R. R. Sur., vol. III, p. 101, pl. ii, Terebratula subtilita Davidson, 1857: Monog. Brit. Carb. Brachiopodgs, p. 18, pl. i, figs. 21, 22. BRACHIOPODS. 93 Terebratula subtilita Marcou, 1858: Geol. N. A., p. 52, pl. vi, fig. 9. Spirigera subtilita Meek & Hayden, 1859: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., > p. 20. Athyris differentis McChesney, 1859: Dese. New Sp. Foss. Pal. Rocks Western States. Spirigera charitonensis Swallow, 186): Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. Tap. ol. Spirigera hawni Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.. vol. 1, p. 652. Athyris subtilita Newberry, 1861: Ives’ Exped. Colorado River, Paleon- tology, p. 126 Spirigera singletoni Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, De 87. Spirigera capnt-serpentis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 0290. | Athyris subtilita Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 40, tab. iii, figs. 7-9. Athyris subtilita Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 180, pl. i, Deis, Plov, fg..8,- pl. vill, fir. 4. Athyris subtilita Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 570, . pl. xxv, fig. 14. Spirigera subtilita White, 1885: U.S. Geol. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol IV, p. 141, pl. x, figs. 6a-c. Athyris subtilita Meek, 1877: U.S. Geol. Exp. 40 Par., vol. LV, p. 83, pl. viii, figs. 6. 6a. Athyris subtilita White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept, p. 136, pl. xxxv, figs. 6-9. Athyris subtilita Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 231. Shell rather small, sublenticular to subglobose. Ventral valve regularly arched and usually slightly more convex than opposite one; beak quite prominent, rounded, incurved and truncated by the circular foramen; median sinus obsolete in young specimens, but often quite prominent in older individ- uals. Dorsal valve convex, with a well-marked mesial fold in adult specimens; beak not prominent. Surface of valves glab- rate, with occasional lines of growth, which, in large specimens, are more or jess imbricated. florizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- ures: Kansas City, Lexington, Clinton (Henry county). The name Terebratula argentea was proposed by Shepard more than half a century ago for a shell from the Coal Measures of LaSalle, [llinois, in all respects apparently identical with the form described by Hall fourteen years later. Although Shep- ard’s diagnosis is quite brief, and his two figures rather crude, 94 BRACHIOPOUDS. there is but little doubt that he had one of the commonest fos- sils of the well-known locality just mentioned. Even if it were desirable to overlook the name applied to the LaSalle Specimens, the more familiar specific title of Hall, A. subtilita, could not be retained, inasmuch as the same form had pre- viously been named and figured on at least two different occa- SiONnS. Swallow has described a number of shells under Spirigera (Athyris) from the Coal Measures of Missouri and Kansas. With most of these it is impossible to tell much from the diag- noses given; while with others it is manifest that the writer had in hand various individuals of the very variable Athyris argentea, SO Common everywhere in the Coal Measures of the Mississippi basin. Nucleospira pisiformis Hatt. Plate lxi, fig. 5. Nucleospira pisiformis Hall, 1859: Pal. New York, vol. III, Explan. pl. xxviii B. Nuclecspira pisiformis Hall, 1882: Geol. Sur. Indiana, llth Ann. Rept, p. 301, pl. xxv, figs. 22-26. Shell subglobose, valves nearly equal. Ventral valve slightly the more convex, especially toward the beak, which is somewhat elevated; area small, narrow. Surface nearly smooth, but showing lines of growth, and the bases of hair-like spines. Horizon and localities—Upper Silurian, Niagara? lime- stone: Oyrene (Pike county). | Retzia? osagensis SwaLiow. Retzia osagensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 653. Like &. vera, but much larger and with much finer coste. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- hook beds: Cooper county (Swallow). BRACHIOPODS. 95 Retzia verneuiliana Hatt. Retzia verneuiliana Hall, 1856: Trans. Albany Inst , vol IV, p. 19. Retzia verneuiliana Hall, 1858: Geolegy Iowa, vol. I, p. 657, pl. xxiii, figs. 4a-d. Like &. mormoni, but with much finer and more numerous coste. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: St. Louis. Retzia vera Hatt. Retzia vera Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. 1, p. 704, pl. xxvii, fig. 3a. Retzia vera, var. costata, Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 704, pl. Xxvii, figs. 3b-c. Shell like R. mormoni, but very much larger, and with more numerous and finer radiating ribs. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). Retzia mormoni ( Marcov). Plate xli, figs. 2a-c. Terebratula mormonit Marcou, 1858: Geol. N. A., p. dl, pl. vi, fig. 11. Retzia punctilifera Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 220. Retzia mormont Meek & Hayden, 1859: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 27. Retzia subglobosa McChesney, 1860: Dese. Pal. Foss., p. 45. Retzia mormoni Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 39, tab. lii, fig. 6. Retzia punctilifera McChesney, 1867: ‘Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. [, Dp. 32, pl. i, fig. 1. Reizia punctilifera Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 181, pl. ioe is: and pl.-v, fig. 7. Retzia mormoni White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. 1V, p. 141, pl. x, figs. 7a-c. Retzia mormoni White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep. 1883, pt. ii, p. 136, pl. xxxv, figs. 10-12. Retzia mormoni Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 231. Shell small, subovoid, with 12 to 16 simple, radiating cost; hinge-line short, often slightly extended into small ears. Ventral valve the more convex; beak rather prominent, rounded, somewhat curved; foramen rather large, circular; cardinal area well defined, triangular. Dorsal valve moderately 95 BRACHIOPODS. arched ; beak incurved and extended but slightly beyond the hinge margin. Surface, aside from the radiating ribs, nearly smooth, marked only by a few lines of growth; under a mag- nifier the shell is beautifully punctate. . Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, U pper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Lexington. | Considerable difference of opinion has long existed as to what name should actually be applied to the form under con: sideration. Two names are perhaps more prominent than any of the others, as these were both published the same year. They are the titles proposed by Shumard and by Marcou. Bearing upon this question, White seems to have found the most conclusive evidence of the priority of Marcou’s term by afew months. Hesays: “Orthis pecosi, Retzia mormoni, Rhyn- chonella uta, R. rockymontana and Spirifera rockymontana were published in his Geology of North America. I have obtained satisfactory evidence that the work was published as early as March 1, 1858.” Volume XV of the Bulletin de la Societe Ge- ologique de France contains a statement that a copy of the book was sent to that society on April 20, 1858. In the same year Shumard and Swallow published a paper containing de- scriptions of the three first-named species, under other names, in the Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences, but that publication was not made until about the first of June. In December of the same year, Hall published in the Geological Report of Iowa, Spirifer rockymontana as NS. opimus ; and in 1860 McChesney published R. rockymontana as Rf. etonieformis. It thus is clear that Marcou is entitled to priority of all five of the names above given. Trematospira imbricata ? (Hatt). Leptocceelia imbricata Hall, 1857: Ann. Rept. N. Y. State. Mus. Nat. Hist., p 108. ¥ Leptocelia imbricata Hall, 1859: Pal. New York, vol. III, p. 246, pl. xxxviii, figs. 8-13. Trematospira imbricata Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, p. 381, pl. vii, figs. 2a-e. Shell small, rhombic-suborbicular, plano-convex, or con- cayo-convex; length sometimes a little greater, and in other : . Ye: BRACHIOPODS. 97 examples somewhat less, than the breadth; cardinal margins sloping at various angles from the beaks; lateral margins more or less rounded, or obtusely subangular; front rather irregularly rounded. Dorsal valve nearly flat on each side, and more or less concave in the middle; beak not incurved. Ventral valve convex along the middle, and sloping to the sides; beak in- curved a little beyond the hinge. Surface ornamented by about seven to ten rounded plications on each valve, two of which, on the middle of the ventral valve, are larger and more promi- nent than the others, while the middle one on the other dies out before reaching the beak. Crossing the whole are distinct, regularly arranged, imbricating lamelle of growth. Horizon and localities —Upper Silurian limestone: Bai- ley landing ( Perry county ). Atrypa occidentalis Hatt. Atrypa aspera, of American authors. Atrypa aspera, var. occidentalis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 515, pl. vi, figs. 3a-d. mn Shell of medium size, longitudinally subovoid, inequivalve. Ventral valve flattened, somewhat convex in the umbonal re- gion; beak small, closely incurved; foramen very minute. Dorsal valve very convex, often hemispherical; beak closely incurved. Surface marked by large, rounded folds, crossed at rather regular intervals by elevated, curved lamellw, which are often produced into short, tubular spines. Horizon and localities.—Devonian limestone: Winfield (Lincoln county ). Atrypa reticularis ( Linn us ). Plate xli, figs. 12a-b Anomia reticularis Linnzus, 1767: Syst. Nat., vol. I, p. 1152. Atrypa reticularis Dalman, 1827: Vet. Akad. Handl., p. iv, fig. 2. Atrypa reticularis Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 515, p}. vi, figs. 4a-c and 5a-c. Differs from A. occidentalis chiefly in the larger size, much finer radiating cost, and less inbricated character of the con- centric lines of growth. | Fflorizon and localities —Devonian, Callaway limestone: Fulton ( Callaway county ). G—8 98 BRACHIOPODS. Zygospira modesta (Say). Atrypa modesta Say, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. I41, pl. xxxiii, fig. 15. Pass a Hall, 1862: 15th Rep. Reg. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 154. Zygospira modesta Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 125, pl. xi, figs. 4a-d. Shell small, rather depressed, nearly plano-convex, sub- orbicular, or, sometimes, a little wider than long; posterior lateral margins often slightly straightened and converging to the beaks at an obtuse angle; lateral margins more or less rounded; front rounded, or, sometimes, a little straightened, or very slightly sinuous at the middle. Dorsal valve with a rather shallow, undefined mesial sinus of moderate breadth at the front, but becoming rapidly narrower, and less impressed posteriorly, so as often to die out before reaching the umbo; surface on each side of the sinus gently convex centrally, and sloping to the lateral margins; beak but slightly prominent and incurved. Ventral valve, with a low mesial ridge, corre- sponding to the sinus of the other valve, excepting that it is generally most prominent near the middle, and somewhat de- pressed anteriorly; while on each side of the ridge the slopes are distinctly compressed; beak small, abruptly pointed, pro- jecting beyond that of the other valve, and rather distinctly arched ; but not so closely incurved as to conceal the small fissure, which seems to be closed below by a deltidium, that leaves a minute aperture above, just under, or extending to, the apex; margin on each side of beak carinated, so as to give the appearance of a kind of false cardinal area. Surface of each valve ornamented by about 16 to 18 small, simple, radiating plications, of which about three to five near the front of the dorsal valve occupy the mesial sinus, the middle one being usually a little the largest; while on the ventral valve about four of the largest occupy the mesial prominence—the furrow between the middle two being generally a little larger and deeper than the others; marks of growth undefined, or ex- tremely minute and obscure. ( Meek.) BRACHIOPODS. 4 t99 florizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- stone: Saint Louis county ( Hambach). Zygospira subconcava MEEK & WorTHEN. Zygospira subconcava Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. IIL, p. 380, pl. vii, figs. la-d. . A somewhat smaller and more compressed species than Z. modesta, and having finer radiating lines. florizon and localities —Upper Silurian limestone: Bai- ley landing (Perry county ). Camerella calcifera? BILLINGS. Camerella calcifera Billings, 1861: Canadian Nat. and Geol., vol. VI, p. 318. Horizon and loclities.—Silurian? Magnesian limestone: Carter county. Rhynchonella capax ( ConrapD). Plate xli, figs. 12a-b. Atrypa capax Conrad. 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. VIII, p. 264, pl. xiv, fig. 21. Atrypa increbescens Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 146, pl. xxxiii, figs. lda-y. Rhynchonella capax Billings, 1862: Pal. Foss. Canada, vol. I, p. 142. Rhynchonella capar Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. [, p. 123, pl. xi, figs. 6a-f. Shell attaining about a medium size, varying with age from compressed sub-trigonal to sub-globose, old examples be- ing often more convex than their diameter in any other direc- tion; posterior lateral margins somewhat straightened and converging to the beaks at about a right angle in young shells, but becoming more rounded in the adult; lateral margins rounding to the front, which is more or less distinctly sinuous, or nearly straight in the middle. Dorsal valve generally a little more convex than the other, most prominent in the middle, and rounding abruptly, or slop- ing more gently from the central region in all directions; the more elevated part forming anteriorly a depressed mesial ridge that is nearly flat, and occupied by four plications on top, and rarely continues two-thirds of the way to the strongly incurved 100 BRACHIOPOUS. beak; while on young or compressed individuals it is faintly marked, even anteriorly; lateral slopes each occupied by four to seven or eight simple angular plications. Ventral valve with its beak abruptly pointed and very strongly incurved upon that of the other valve in adult shells, but less distinctly curved, and showing a small opening under its apex in young examples; mesial sinus deep and well defined in gibbous specimens, and less so in the young or more com- pressed forms, never quite reaching the point of the beak, and always having three simple, rather angular plications in the bottom that extend like the others to the apex of the beak in well-preserved specimens; lateral slopes each occupied by from five to seven simple plications. Entire surface of both valves marked by numerous very regular, strongly zig-zag, prominent, sublaminar marks of growth that become nearly or quite obsolete, sometimes, on old examples. Length of a me- dium-sized, moderately gibbous individual, 0.75 inch; breadth, 0.81 inch; convexity, 0.66 inch. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales’: Louisiana, Cape Girardeau. Rhynchonella dentata (HA zr). Plate xli, fig. 3. Atrypa dentata Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p.148, p]. xxxiii, figs. J4a-e. Rhynchonella dentata Hall, 1859: State Cab. N. Y.,12th Ann. Rep , p. 65. Smaller and more slender than Kh. capaa. Horizon and localities.—Silurian, Hudson shales: Cape Girardeau. Rhynchonella missouriensis SHUMARD. Rhynchonella missouriensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep.,. p. 204, pl. C, figs. 5a-e. Rhynchonella missouriensis Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 153, pl. xiv, figs. 4a-b. Shell gibbous, subtriangular, beaks sharp; greatest width usually near the front, but very variable in different ages of the shell. Vertical valve much more elevated than the dorsal BRACHIOPODS. 101 valve; degree of elevation varying according to the age of the shell; beak incurved, pointed; mesial ridge obscure, with from two to three obscure rounded folds, commencing a short dis- tance in advance of the beak and becoming more prominent toward the front, where the valve is emarginate, and presents two or three deep indentations. - Dorsal valve slightly convex near the beak, nearly plain anteriorly; sinus broad and shallow in young examples, becoming deeper in the more advanced ages of the shell; it has two or three wide obscure plaits, sometimes reaching the beak. Tongue of sinus quadrangular, bent upward at right angles to the plane of the valve, and in most specimens equal in length to one-third the length of the shell. The cardinal line in sinuous. The surface of the valves is covered with very fine concentric, imbricating waved lines of growth. (Shumard). Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau (Upper Kinderhook) limestone: Vandever Falls (Cooper county ), Providence ( Boone county ). Rhynchonella cooperensis SHUMARD, Rhynchonella cooperensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 204, pl. C, figs. 4a-c. A form like the immature RK. capax, but much broader, and larger and with more rounding, radiating coste. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau (Upper Kinderhook) limestone: Providence (Boone county ). Rhynchonella boonensis SHUMARD. Rhynchonella boonensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 205, pl. C, figs. 6a-b. Shell sub-triangular, length and breadth about equal; greatest width at the cardinal border, and diminishing rapidly to the front, where it terminates in an obtase angle; cardinal border sinuous, terminating exteriorly in small salient ears ; dor- sal valve longitudinally convex, concave from side to side, furnished with two folds, which are very obtuse at the beak, but become rather prominently and broadly angular as they approach the front; sinus indistinct near the beak, large 102 BRACHIOPODS. and moderately deep in front; tongue of sinus triangular ; beak rather obtuse, and rather strongly incurved; hinge-line sinuous, and situated some distance within the cardinal border; ventral valve shorter than dorsal valve, convex on the middle, _ sides nearly perpendicular; mesial fold indistinct near the beak, becoming broad and somewhat prominent in front. (Shumard.) Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Columbia ( Boone county ). Rhynchonella ringeus Swa.Low. Rhynchonella ringeus Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1,-p7 003; Shell very large, heavy, triangular. Surface marked by 12 to 14 radiating ridges. Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Burling- ton limestone: Fulton (Callaway county), Hannibal ( Marion county). Rhynchonella subtrigona Meek & WoRTHEN. Rhynchonella subtrigona Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 451. Rhynchonella parvini McChesney, 1861: Desc. New Pal. Foss , p. 83. Camarophora subtrigona Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. II, p. 251, pl. xvili, figs. 8a—c. A large, robust form like &. cooperensis. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Wayland (Clark county ). Rhynchonella subcuncata Hatt. Rhynchonella subcuneata Hall, 1856: ‘Trans. Albany Institute, vol. Lue (tit 8 ls Rhynchonella subcuneata Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 658, pl. xxiii. figs. 3a-c. Rhynchonella arctirostrata Swallow, 1868: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 48. A rather small, flattened, cuneate shell, with large plica- tions and an obscure mesial sinus. Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Boonville (Cooper county ). | BRACHIOPODS. 103 Rhynchonella mutata Hatt. Rhynchonella mutata Hall, 1856: Trans. Albany Institute, vol. LV, p. 10. Rhynchonella mutata Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 658, pl. xxiii, figs. 2a-b. A small form like R&. subcuneata, but smaller and less cuneate. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Boonville. Rhynchonella ottumwa WHITE. Rhynchonella ottumwa White, 1883: 12th Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Sur. Terr., p. 165, pl. xli, figs. 5a-c. Similar to &. uta, but with mesial sinus much less pro- nounced. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: near St. Francisville (Clark county ). Rhynchonella uta (Marcov). Plate xli, fig. 7. Terebratula uta Marcou, 1858: Geol. N, A., p. 51, pl. vi, figs. 2la-c. Rhynchonella ( Camarophoria) osagensis Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 219. Camarophoria swallowiana Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 394, pl. xi, figs. la-e. Camarophoria globulina Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 38, tab. iii, fig. 5 (Not C. globulina Phillips, 1834.) Rhynchonella osagensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 179, pl.i, figs. 9a-b; and pl. vi, figs. 2a-b. Rhynchonella osagensis Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, p. 571, pl. xxvii, fig. 22. Rhynchonella uta White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid, vol. IV, p. 128, pl. ix, figs. 2a-c. Shell small, subtrigonal in outline, slightly wider than long, more or less ventrigose. Ventral valve not as convex as the other one; medial sinus short but well defined; beak pointed, not very prominent; foramen small. The median sinus is oc- cupied by two to three sharply angular plications ; and each of the lateral lobes by about three similar short ridges. Dorsal valve much more arched than the ventral; median fold rather low, not defined behind the middle of the shell, marked by two 104 BRACHIOPODS. to four plications; three or four elevations also occupy the space on each side of the medial fold; beak curved. Surface of shell smooth. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Lexington. Meristella laevis (VAUNEXEM). Atrypa levis Vaunexem, 1843: Rept. Third Dist. N. Y., p. 120, fig. 2. Merista levis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Il, p. 376, pl. vii, figs. 8a-c. In general appearance like Nucleospira pesiformis, but much larger and longer. Horizon and localities—Upper Silurian limestone: Bailey landing (Perry county ). | Eatonia peculiaris? (Conrap ). Atrypa peculiaris Conrad, 1841: Ann. Rept. Pal. New York, p. 56. Eatonia peculiaris Hall, 1859: Twelfth Ann. Rept. Reg. Univ. New York, p. 37, figs. 1-7. Shell rather below medium size, slightly longer than wide. Dorsal valve more convex than the ventral; front elevated into a prominent median fold. Ventral valve flattened, beak arched, foramen terminal, small. Surface ornamented by small radiat- ing ribs. Horizon and localities—Upper Silurian limestone: near Grand Tower, in Perry county. Pentamerus ? salinensis SWALLow. Pentamerus salinensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. ‘St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 652. Shell below medium size, ovoid. Ventral valve very con- vex, abruptly arching to the sides, beak somewhat extended, pointed, incurved; foramen large, triangulgr. Surface marked by about ten low plications, toward the anterior border. Horizon and localities.—-Devonian? Callaway? limestone: Moniteau county (Swallow). BRACHIOPODS. 105 Terebratula rowleyi WorTHEN. Plate xli, fig. 23. Terebratula rowleyi Worthen, 1884: Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist’, Bul. 2, p. 23. ‘Terebratula rowleyi Worthen, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 102, pl. xi, figs. 6a-b. A small flattened form, with extended beak. florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Louisiana. Terebratula bovidens Morton. - Terebratula bovidens Morton, 1636: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. X XIX, p. 150. Terebratula millepunctata Hall, 1856: Pac. R. R. Sur., vol. ILL, p. 101, pl. ii, figs. 1 and 2. Terebratula bovidens Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 711. Terebratula geniculosa McChesney, 1861: Desc. Pai. Foss., p. 82. Terebratula bovidens McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 37, vl. i, fig. 2. ; Terebratula bovidens Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 187, pl. i, figs 7a-c; pl. ii, fig. 4. Dielasma bovidens White, 1875: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid., Prelim. Rep. Invert. Foss., p. 21. Terebratula bovidens White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. IV, p. 144, pl. xi, figs. 10a-—c. Shell of medium size, ovoid. Ventral valve strongly arched, with the greatest convexity toward the apical portion; beak rather prominent, closely incurved; foramen elliptic ; median sinus wide and quite shallow. Dorsal valve but slightly convex longitudinally, moderately arcuate transversely ; mesial fold scarcely noticeable. Surface glabrate, with a few rather distinct concentric lines of growth, but under a magni- fier exhibiting a punctate structure. - Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Terebratula parva SwaLlow. Terebratula parva Swallow 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 83. Shell very small, gibbous. Surface nearly smooth, or marked by fine radiating lines Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 106 BRACHIOPODS. Spurious and Doubtful Species of Brachiopods. Productus callawayensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad.sci., vol. [. p. 640. Loo poorly defined for recogaition. Productus blairi Miller, 1892: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rept., Adv. Sheets, p. 79, pl. xiii, figs. 16-17. ‘loo imperfect for identification. Orthis prattenti McChesney, 1859: Dese. New Species Foss. Pale Rocks Western States, vol. [. Carbonier? Poorly defined. Strophodonta altidorsata Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 637. Devonian: Callaway county. I[nsufficientiy described. Koninckina americana Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 94. St. Louis limestone: Barrett station, St. Louis county. Too imperfect for recognition. | Spirifera clarus Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, p. 86. Keokuk limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. Cannot be recognized from description. Spirifer meeki Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 645. Burlington limestone: Pettiscounty. Not recognizable. Spirifer latior Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, p. 86. Chouteau limestone: Cooper county. Description too imperfect. Spirifer anne Swallow, 1860: frans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 641. Callaway limestone: ‘Callaway county. Too imperfect to identify. Spirifer amarus Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.. vol. 1, p. 642. Cannot be recognized. Spirigera jacksoni Swallow, 1860:. Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 651. Upper Coal Measures: Cass county. Poorly detined. Prob- ably identical with S. lineatus. Spirigera missouriensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p 650. Coal Measures: Montgomery county. Poorly defined. Prob- ably synonymous with S. lineatus. Athyris ultravarica McChesney, 1859: Desc. New Species Foss. Palae. Rocks, Western States. ste. Genevieve. Description too meager. Spirigera maconensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 651. Coal Measures: Montgomery county. Oannot be recog- nized. Spirigera platensis Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, p. 87. Upper Coal Measures: northwestera Missouri. Not recogniza- ble. Spirigera missouriensis Winchell, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 17. Lithographic limestone: Louisiana. Name preoccupied. Retzia popenana Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol I, p. 654. Not recognizable. . Rhynchonella warrenensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad Sci., vol. [, p. 653. Lower Devonian, Callaway county. Description too general. Rhynchonella perrostellata Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci, vol. If, p. 85. Keokuk limestone: Cooper county. Not sufficiently defined. BRACHIOPODS. 107 Terebratula brevilobata Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 84. Keokuk limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. Cannot be identified. Terebratula arcuata Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., p. 83. Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. Cannot be recognized. Terebratula gracilis Swallow, 1863: ‘lrans. St. Louis Acad. Sei., voi. LI, p. 83. St. Louis limestone: St. Mary. Not recognizable. CHAPTER XII. LAMBLLIBRANCHS. Placunopsis carbonaria MEEK & WorRTHEN. Plate xliii, fig. 9. Placunopsis carbonaria Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 138. Placunopsis carbonaria Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. V, p. 578, pl. xvii, figs. 2a-b. Lenticular, compressed, shell very thin. Horizon and localitzes.— Upper Carboniferous, U pper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Lima retifera SHUMARD. Plate xiii, fig. 1. Lima retifera Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 214. Lima retifera Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 36, tab. ii, figs. 20, 21. Lima retifera Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 188, pl. ix, fig. 5. Lima retifera White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept, pt. ii, p. 138, pl. xxviii, fig. 4. Crenipecten retiferus Miller, 1890: N. A. Geol. and Pal., p. 473. Inma retifera Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 248. Shell rather small, subovate, moderately convex, regularly rounded below; anterior slope long, straight, forming an angle of about 140° with the hinge-line, sharply curved as it meets the ventral margin; posterior slope much shorter; hinge-line about one-third the length of the valves; ears subequal; um- bones not prominent, and situated midway between the extremi- ties of the hinge-line. Surface marked by from 20 to 25 rather angular radiating ribs, which are often crossed by transverse. lines of growth. : Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- ures: Clinton (Henry county ), Kansas City. LAMELLIBRANOCHS. 109 Entolium circulus (SHuMarp ). Avicula circulus Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 206, pl. C, figs. 14a-b. Avicula circulus Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 522, pl. vii, fig. 9. Large, compressed, circular; hinge very short; surface Smooth or marked by fine lines of growth. Horizon ana local:ties.—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau (Kinderhook ) limestone: Vandever Falls (Cooper county ). Entolium cooperensis (SHumarp). Avicula cooperensis Shumard, 1853: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 206,. pl. C, fig. 15. A small form somewhat resembling JL. circulus, but with shorter hinge-line, and with distinct radiating ribs. Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau (Kinderhook) limestone: Vandever Falls (Cooper county). Entolium aviculatum (Swa.Low ). Plate xlii, figs. 2a-b. Pecten aviculatus Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 125. Entolium aviculatum Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 189, pl. ix, figs. lla-f. Entolium aviculatum White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 142, pl. xxviii, figs. 7-8. Shell compressed, very thin, equivalve, subcircular in out- line, with small subequal ears; anterior and posterior slopes straight, equally inclined to the hinge-line, and forming at the beak an angle of about 120° with each other; hinge-line short. A shallow depression extends from the umbones to the front and back margins of each valve. Surface ornamented by minute concentric lines, which are often crossed by faint radiating striations. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. 110 LAMELLIBRANCHS. Aviculopecten magna (SWALLOW ). Plate xliii, fig. 7. Avicula magna Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 98. Shell very large, heavy, subcircular in outline; anterior and ventral margins regularly rounded; hinge-line straight, long, nearly equaling the length of the valves. Left valve quite convex, especially toward the umbo; beak gibbous, ex- tending slightly beyond the hinge-line; posterior ear short; anterior ear greatly extended. Surface marked by rather large, rounded cost radiating from the beak, and widely separated from one another; these are crossed by lines of growth, often somewhat imbricated. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Springfield (Greene county ). ; Aviculopecten missouriensis (SHUMARD). Pecten missouriensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 207, pl. C, fig. 16. A small form similar to A. occidentalis, but having rela- tively larger ribs. florizon and localities. limestone: Saint Louis. Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis Aviculopecten occidentalis ( SHUMARD ). Plate xlii, fig. 3. Pecten occidentalis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 207, pl. C, fig. 18. Pecten cleavelandicus Swallow, 1858: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 184. Aviculopecten occidentalis 2? Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, vol. II, p. 331, pl. xxvii, figs. 4, 5. Pecten misscuriensis 2 Geinitz, 1866: Carb und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 35, tab. ii, fig. 18. (Not Shumard, 1855.) Aviculopecten occidentalis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 191, pl.ixs sig. 10, Aviculopecten occidentalis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 143, pl. xxviii, fig. 3. Shell of medium size, inequivalve, symmetrical, higher than long, regularly rounded below; hinge-line as long as the great- est length of valves. Left valve decidedly convex; other one LAMELLIBRANCHS. kil nearly flat. Ears subequal; the anterior somewhat smaller than the posterior, and with much more conspicuous radiating coste. Surface marked by low radiating ribs, of which there are about fifteen, that extend from the umbo to the margins, the others disappearing as they approach the beaks. -These are crossed by numerous fine, often imbricated, lines of growth. All the surface markings are much more prominent on the left valve than on the right. Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Plattsburg (Clinton county), Kansas City. Aviculopecten carboniferus (STEVENS ). Plate xlii, figs. 4a-b. Pecten carboniferus Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XXV, p. 261. Pecten broadheadi Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, Ul PETS Kini Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 36, tab. ii, figs. 19a-b. Aviculopecten carboniferus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 193, pl. ix, figs. 4a-b. Aviculopecten carboniferus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 144, pl. xxxviii, figs. 5-6. Shell rather small, oblique, moderately convex, length and breadth nearly equal; hinge-line nearly or quite straight, and somewhat less in length than the greatest breadth of the valves, provided with a marginal ridge in both valves; basal margin regularly rounded. Left valve more convex than the other; posterior ear rather well defined from the swell of the umbo, somewhat extended and terminating in an acute point, separated from the margin below by deep rounded sinus ; ante- rior ear about two-thirds as long as the other, and rather more distinct froin the umbo and more obtuse, but still rather acutely angular; defined by a moderately distinct subangular sinus. Right valve nearly flat, or distinctly less convex than the other; its anterior ear narrow, and defined by a deep, rather sharp sinus; posterior ear of the same size and form as in the left valve. Surface ornamented in the left valve with about fifteen or sixteen distinct, angular, radiating plications, sepa- rated by furrows of the same size, each one of which terminates 112 LAMELLIBRANCHS. at the free border in a little spine-like projection with curved- up margin; lines of growth fine on the body of the valve, but becoming more distinct and irregular on the ears, where there are rarely any defined radiating coste. At a few distantly separated intervals there are prominent imbricating lamin of growth, showing the same digitate markings as the free bor- ders of the shell. In the right valve the surface markings are somewhat like those of the other valve, but much more obscure, excepting on the anterior wing, where there are a few more distinct radiating coste. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Aviculopecten coxanus MEEK & WoRTHEN. Aviculopecten coranus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 453. Aviculopecten coxanus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II,,. p. 326, pl. xxvi, figs. 6a-b. Aviculopecten coranus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 196, pl. ix, figs. 2a-b. Aviculopecten coxanus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 232. Shell like A. occidentalis Shumard, but very much smaller,. thinner, and proportionally longer; ribs larger and further apart; posterior slope considerably longer than the anterior. florizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Aviculopecten? interlineatus Meek & WorTHEN. Plate xlii, fig. 6. Aviculopecten interlineatus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 454. Aviculopecten interlineatus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Il, p. 329, pl. xxvi, figs. 7a-b. Aviculopecten? interlineatus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 145, pl. xxx, fig: 9: A small subcircular form, with long straight hinge-line;. and characterized especially by prominent, rather distant con- centric ridges. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. LAMELLIBRANCHS. is Aviculopecten coryanus WHite. Aviculopecten coryanus White, 1874: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid., Prelim. Rep. Invert. Foss., p. 21. Aviculopecten coryanus White, 1877: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. LV, p. 147, pl. xi, figs. la-b. Like A. occidentalis, but much larger, less contracted below the ears, and with coarser radiating ribs. - Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Aviculopecten fasciculatus Kryss, Plate xlii, fig. 7. Shell large, similar to A. providensis (Cox). The ribs small, in bundles of from three to four, with broad channels between contiguous fascicles. Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Avicula longa ( GEINITz). Gervilla longa Geiniiz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 32, tab. ii, fig. 15. Avicula longa Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 199, pl. ix, fig. 8. Avicula longa Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, p. 578, esnyi ne 1, Avicula longa Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 248. Shell rather below medium size, obliquely elongate, nearly equivalve, with a long posterior ear and a much shorter front . extension. Anterior end rather acutely pointed above, sloping sinuously backward to the nearly straight basal margin; pos- terior extremity sharply rounded below. Hinge-margin straight, about two-thirds the length of the valves, and extended be- hind into a long narrow wing, producing a deep, rounded sinus between it and the body of the shell. Forward ear broad, somewhat triangular. Beaks rather prominent, situated about one-fourth of the entire length of the hinge-line from the for- ward end of the shell. Surface glabrate, with often fine con- centric lines of growtb. Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. G—9 114 LAMELLIBRANCHS. Monopteria gibbosa (Mzrrk & WorTHEN ), Plate xliii, figs. 2a-b. Pterinea (Monopteria) gibbosa Meek & Worthen, 1866: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 20. Monopteria gibbosa Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 340, pl. xxvii, figs. 11-11b. Monopteria gibbosa White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., pt. ii, p. 139, pl. xxx, figs. 11-12. Shell suborbicular in outline, gibbous, regularly curved along the anterior and basal margins; posterior margin pro- duced backward, the umbonal ridge extending from the beak to this rounded angularity. Hinge-line straight, somewhat shorter than greatest length of valves, the posterior alate pro- jection rather long, slender, compressed, with a deep sinus be- low, separating it from the valves beneath. Anterior ear very small. Surface marked only by fine concentric lines of growth. Horizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Monopteria longispina (Cox). Plate xlili, fig. 1. Gervillia longispina Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. III, p. 568, pl. Viii, fig. 6. Gervillia auricula Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol X XV, p. 265, p. 38. Pterineu (Monopteria) longispina Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. II, p. 341. Like M. gibbosa, but very much more oblique, the posterior angle much more produced, the beaks placed more forward. Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Monotis? gregaria Merk & WortTHEN. Monotis ? gregaria Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila. Monotis ? gregaria Meek & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 573. pl. xxvi, figs. 5a-b. A very small, thin, rounded shell, like Aviculopecten, but without the ears defined. Horizon and localitves.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. LAMELLIBRANCHS. 115 Enchondria neglecta ( GEmniTz ) Pecten neglectus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 56, tab. Beriictc..7. Aviculopecten neglectus Meek, 1867: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XLV, p. 64. Aviculopecten neglectus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. V, p. 589, pl. xxvi, figs. 7a-b. Enchondria neglecta Meek, 1874: Am. Jour. Sci., (3), vol. VII, p. 445. Aviculopecten neglectus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 232. A small form like an Entolium in general appearance, but with large ribbed ears, and crenulated cardinal margin. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Aviculopinna americana MEEK. Avicula pinneformis Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 31, tab. ii, fig. 13. (Not A. pinneformis, Geinitz, 1857.) Aviculopinna americana Meek, 1867: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XULV, p. 282. Aviculopinna americana Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 197, pi. ix, figs. 12a-d. Shell small, compressed, with the slender elongated form of some of the Carboniferous species of Pinna; cardinal and ventral margins generally nearly straight (the latter being the more convex in outline) and converging gradually from behind to the rather obtusely pointed anterior extremity; posterior side truncated, rounding to the base, and intersecting the posterior extremity of the hinge very nearly at right angles; a little sinuous just below the extremity of the hinge. Cardi- nal margin so slightly convex in outline as to appear quite straight, very nearly equaling the greatest length of the valves, and provided with a well-defined marginal ridge, which narrows to a mere line, or dies out before reaching the beaks, and widens very gradually to the posterior extremity. Beaks nearly or quite obsolete, extremely oblique, and very slightly behind the very narrow, obtusely pointed anterior extremity. Surface with two or three broad, nearly obsolete radiating ridges on the posterior dorsal region, and ornamented by numerous slender, very regularly disposed and abruptly elevated lines of lamella, much narrower than the space between and curving gracefally 116 LAMELLIBRANCHS. parallel to the posterior border; while on the basal half of the valves they are closely approximate and curve forward. Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Forest City (Holt county ). he . Pinna missouriensis SwatLow. Pinna missouriensis Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 97. A rather large shell with radiating ridges on the posterior slopes. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Ste. Genevieve. Pinna peracuta SHUMARD. Plate xiv, figs. 2a-b. Pinna peracuta Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 214. Pinna peracuta Meek, 1872: U.S. Geog. and Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 198, pl. vi, figs. lla-b. Pinna peracuta White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 145, pl. xxviii, figs. 1-2. Shell attaining a large size, very convex or somewhat cylindrical, flattened behind; hinge-line straight; ventral mar- gin nearly straight; posterior rounded. Surface smooth, or marked only by lines of growth. Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Lithophaga sp ? Plate xlii, figs. 8a-b. Shell moderately long, very ventricose, compressed and sharply rounded posteriorly; hinge-line straight, about two- thirds as long as the valves; beaks obtuse, terminal. Surface marked only by closely arranged lines of growth. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Louisiana. LAMELLIBRANCHS. day: Lithophaga pertenuis Merk & WorTHEN. Lithophaga ? pertenuis Meek & Worthen, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 245. Inthophaga ? pertenuis Meek & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 539, pl. xxii, figs. la-b. Much larger and less robust than the species figured; sur- face smooth, with only fine lines of growth. ‘Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Saint Louis. | Myalina keokuk WorTHEN. Myalina keokuk Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VI, p. 524, pl. ax x. tip.-5, Like M. angulata, but with stout beaks and heavier valves. Horizon and localities—ULower COarboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Bonaparte (lowa); St. Francisville (Clark county). Myalina sancti-ludovici WoRrrTHEN. Myalina sancti-ludovict Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VY, p. 540, pl. xxii, fig. 3. Closely related to M. angulata, but much smaller and more delicate. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Saint Louis. — Myalina kansasensis SHuMARD, Plate xliii, fig.5. Myalina kansasensis Shumard, 1858: Trans. St, Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 213. Closely related to UM. recurvirostris M. & W., but with the concentric lamille prominently corrugated. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Myalina recurvirostris Meek & WorTHEN. Plate xly, figs. la-b. Myalina recurvirostris Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 456. Myalina recurvirostris Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol II, p. 344, pl. xxvi, figs. 9a-ce. Myalina recurvirostris White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., pt. ii, p. 140, pl. xxix, figs. 3-4. 118 LAMELLIBRANCHS. Similar to M. swallowi but inequivalve, very much larger, heavier, and with the beaks incurved; surface with somewhat imbricated lines of growth. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Myalina perattenuata Msnex & Haypsn. Myalina perattenuata Meek & Hayden, 1858: Trans. Albany Institute, vol. IV, p. 77. Myalina perattenuata Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, p. 582, pl. xxvi, fig. 11. Shell rather small, with sharp, protruding beaks, and broadly rounded posterior margin. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Myalina angulata Meex & WorTHEN. Myalina angulata Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 455. Myalina angulata Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 300, pl. xxiii, figs. 7a-b. Shell quite large, with extended, compressed beaks, and subalate dorsum. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia _limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). Myalina subquadrata SHUMARD. Plate xliv, figs. la-b and 2a-b. Myalina subquadrata Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rept., p..207, pl. Gy fig iy, Myalina subquadrata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 27, tab. iii, figs. 25-26. Myalina subquadrata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 202, pl. iv, fig. 12; and pl. ix, fig. 6. Myalina subquadrata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., pt. ii, p. 140, pl. xxix, figs. 1-2. Shell large, massive, oblong, somewhat higher than long, winged above the posterior umbonal slope. Hinge-line straight, as long as the greatest length of valves; below regularly curved; anterior border somewhat concave above; posterior margin nearly straight, vertical. Beaks terminal. Cardinal LAMELLIBRANCHS. 119 area broad with well-defined furrows. Surface marked by fine concentric lines of growth and imbricated lamelle. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Myalina swallovi McCuesnery. Plate xliii, figs. 3a-c. Myalina swallovi McChesney, 1859: Dese. New Species Foss., p. 57. Myalina swallovi Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 341, pl. xxvii, fig 1. Myalina swallovi McChesney, 1867: ‘I'rans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 4, pl. ii, fig. 6. Ancella hausmanni Geinitz, 1866: Carb und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 25, tab. ii, fig. 8. (Not Goldfuss, 1834.) Myalina? swallovi Meek, 1875: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 201, pl. ix, figs. 7a-b. Myalina ? swallovi White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Report for 1883, p. 141, pl. xxx, figs. 6,7, 8. Myalina swallovi Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acsd. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 232. Shell rather small, nearly or quite equivalve, modioliform or mytiloid, convex, or even subangular, along the umbonal slopes from the beaks to the anterior basal margin; posterior and postero-dorsal regions cuneate; cardinal border nearly straight, and about one-half the length of the valves, passing almost imperceptibly, or without any angularity, into the pos- terior margin, which rounds down with a semicircular curve to the narrowly rounded basal extremity; antero-basal border ascending obiiquely forward, more or less sinuous near the middle, or sometimes a little above, usually sweiling out into a kind of lobe or protuberance above the middle in front of the umbonal slope. This prominence sometimes extends a little beyond the beaks and varies more or less in breadth. Beaks smail, very oblique, not projecting beyond the cardinal margin, and located so near the anterior extremity as often to appear very nearly terminal. Surface rather smooth, but showing fine concentric lines, which in well-preserved specimens are some- times crossed by very fine, obscure traces of radiating stria- tions that curve upward on the posterior dorsal region. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities — Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures: Carbonier (Saint Louis county ); Upper Coal Measures: Richmond ( Ray county), Kansas City. 120 - LAMELLIBRANOHS. Macrodon tenuistriatus Merk & WorTHEN. Arca striata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 20, tab.i . fig. 32. (Not Mytilites striatus, Schlotheim, 1819.) Macrodon tenuistriatus Meek & Worthen, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., VOlodL, Dyas Macrodon tenuistriatus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p.207, pl. x, figs. 20a-b. Shell small, rhombic oblong, rather distinctly convex, along the umbonal slopes, and near the front a little nore than twice as long as high; basal and cardinal margins parallel; the former nearly straight, or somewhat sinuous near the mid- dle; cardinal margin straight, not quite equaling the greatest: antero-posterior diameter; anterior side rounding up from be- low so as to meet the hinge nearly at right angles; posterior _. basal margin narrowly rounded; posterior margin obliquely truncated, often a little sinuous above; dorsal region behind the umbonal slope compressed; beaks convex, a little flattened, incurved, and rising somewhat above the hinge margin, located about half-way between the middle and the front; flanks broadly impressed or concave from the umbonal regions obliquely back- ward to the faintly sinuous part of the base; cardinal area un- known; posterior linear teeth about three; surface ornamented with distinct. marks of growth crossed by radiating markings, which on the compressed posterior dorsal region form rather well-defined radiating lines; anteriorly, however, these diminish in size so as to become very minute or scarcely visible, crowded, obsolescent striz. ( Meek.) Horizon and localities. Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Macrodon obsoletus MEsgk. Plate xlvi, fig. 1. Macrodon obsoletus Meek, 1871: Rep. Reg. Univ. West Virginia, p. 5. Macrodon obsoletus Meek, 1875: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. If, p. 334, pl. Kix ste 9: Macrodon obsoletus Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila, p. 249. Shell considerably larger than UM. tenuistriatus, and with the radiating lines poorly defined or absent. LAMELLIBRANCHS, 121 Horizon and /ocalities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. The bivalve under consideration was originally described from the Appalachian region, where it appears to be rather widely distributed through Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Ohio. It has only recently been recognized west of the Mis- sissippi river. The wéstern shells are somewhat larger than those from the eastern localities, but do not differ essentially from the typical forms of the genus. Meek’s type specimen was a good example, showing the specific characters perfectly. Macrodon sangamonensis ? WoRTHEN. Plate xlvi, fig. 2. Macrodon sangamonensis Worthen, 1890: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 123, pl. xxi, fig. 3. Similar to J/. obsoletus, but smaller, and with radiating ribs. Horizon and localities— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Nucula parva McCuEsney. Nucula parva McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss.,p. 54. _ Nucula parva McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 39, pl. ii, figs. 8a-c. Nucula parva Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 589, pl. xxvi, figs. Sa-b. Nucula purve Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phil., p. 259. Nucula parva Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. XI, p. 29. A very small shell, differing from JV. ventricosa, not only in size, but in the long, posterior slope, and marked concentric lines of growth. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Nucula ventricosa Hatt. Plats xlv, figs. 8a-b. Nucula ventricosa Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 716, pl. xxix, figs. 4, 5a-b. Nucula ventricosa Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 204, pl. x, figs. 17a-c. Nucula ventricosa White, 1882: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rept. for 1881, p. peat, pl. xlii, figs. 9, 10. Nucula ventricosa White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rept. for 1883, p. 146, pl. xxvii, figs. 9, 10. 122 LAMELLIBRANCHS. Nucula ventricosa Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 233. Nucula ventricosa Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. XI, p. 29. Shell rather small, thick, subovoid, with the greatest breadth slightly in front of the middle; anterior margin short, straight, or a little concave, rather sharply rounded below; _ posterior end but slightly produced, somewhat narrowly rounded; basal margin broadly and regularly curved. Beaks well defined, and situated a little in front of the middle of the valves. Surface nearly smooth, with a few lines of growth plainly discernible. Florizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures: Clinton (Henry county); Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Gentry (Gentry county). Nuculana bellistriata STEVENs. Plate xlv, figs. 4a-b. Leda bellistriata Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Sci.,(2), vol. XXV, p. 261. Leda bellistriata Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 717, pl. xxix, figs. 6a-d. Nucula kazanensis Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 20, tab. i, figs. 33-34 (Not WV. kazanensis de Verneuil, 1845.) Nuculana bellistriata, var. attenuata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 206, pl. x, figs. lla-b. Nuculana bellistriata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rep. 1883, p. 146, pl. xxxi, figs. 8-9. Nuculana bellistriata Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., p. 233. Nuculana bellistriata Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. XI, p. 89. Shell rather small, subovoid, extended behind; umbonal regions more or less ventricose, compressed posteriorly, with the umbonal slope quite angular; regularly rounded below and in front, attenuated behind. Cardinal border in front of the beaks arched; behind concave, a little elevated or ridged, leav- ing the umbonal slope more or less depressed in the middle. Beaks rather prominent. Surface marked by numerous well- defined concentric thread-like ribs, which are scarcely notice- able after passing the prominent umbonal carina. Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Gentry (Gentry county), Kansas City. LAMELLIBRANOHS. 123 Yoldia subscitula ( Mrrx & HaypsEn). Leda subscitula Meek & Hayden, 1858: Trans. Albany Inst., vol. LV, Dado. Yoldia subscitula Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pal. Upper Missouri, pt. i, p. 60, pl. ii, figs. 4a—b. Nucula ( Leda) subscitula ? Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 22, tab. i, fig. 35. Yoldia subscitula Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 205, pl. x, fig. 10. A small, smooth shell, not unlike a N. bellistriata in gen- eral appearance, but without the attenuated posterior margin, and with crenate hinge. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Schizodus wheeleri (Swatiow). Plate xlvi, figs. 3a-c. Cydricardia wheelert Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad.Sci., vol. LI, p. 96. Schizodus obscurus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 20, tab. i, figs. 30, 31. (Not Sowerby, 1821.) Schizodus wheeleri Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 203, pl. x, figs. la-d. Schizodus wheeleri White, 1834: U.S. Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 147, pl. xxx, figs. 3-5. Shell of medium size, longitudinally subovoid, moderately ventricose; regularly curved in front; narrow and obliquely truncated behind; evenly rounded below; cardinal border straight, inclined slightly backward. Beaks not prominent, situated midway between the anterior and middle of the valves} posterior umbonal slope rather well marked by a low rounded. ridge. Surface smooth, marked only by faint lines of growth Horizon and localitier,—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Schizodus harii MILuer. Plate xlvi, fig. 4. | Schizodus harit Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep, Adv. sheets, p. 91, pl. xx, figs. 1-3. Larger, shorter and heavier than S. wheeler. Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. 124 LAMELLIBRANCHS. Schizodus? curtus Msex & WorTHEN. Schizodus rossicus Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sei., vol. IV Spy 193. (Not S. rossicus de Verneuil. ) Schizodus curtus Meek & Worthen, 1865: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci, vol. I, p, 18. Schizodus rossicus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 18, tab. i, fig. 28. (Not S. rossicws de Verneuil.) Schizodus curtus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 208, pl. x, figs. l3a-e. A small suborbicular form, with nearly smooth surface. florizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Chonocardium sp. ? | A small form of this genus has been found in the ‘‘ white chert” layers near the base of the Burlington limestone, at Louisiana. The specimens are not now accessible. Conocardium parrishi WorrTnHen. Plate xlvi, figs. 6a-b. Conoacrdium parrishi Worthen, 1890: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 112, plex ie 7, Shell trigonal, cardinal line straight; umbonal ridge slop- ing forward. Surface cosiate. Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Clinopistha radiata (Hatt). Plate xlvi, figs. lla-b. Edmondia radiata Hall, 1858: Geology [owa, vol. I, p. 716, pl. xxix, fig. 3. Clinopistha radiata Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 44. Clinopistha radiata var. levis Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 384. pl. xxvii, fig. 7. Clinopistha radiata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rep. 1883, p. 147, pl. xxxi, figs. 6-7. Clinopisiha radiata Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila, p. 233. Clinopistha radiata Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. VI, p. 29. Shell subovate in outline, moderately convex ; beaks blunt; cardinal margin straight, slightly curved downward posteriorly. Surface glabrate, often with obscure radiating lines. Florizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures: Clinton (Henry county ). LAMELLIBRANCHS. 125 Pleurophorus oblongus MEEK. Pleurophorus pallasi Geinitz, 1866: Carb.und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 23, tab. ii, fig. 4. (In part.) Pleurophorus oblongus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 212, pl. x, figs. 4a-c. Shell small, longitudinally oblong, about twice as long as high, moderately convex, particularly along the umbonal slopes from the beaks to the posterior basal margin, but without any detined angle or ridge there; cardinal margin nearly straight, and subparallel to the base, about equaling two-thirds the entire length of the valves; basal margin more or less distinctly sinuous near the middle, at the termination of a broad, oblique impression or concavity, extending from the anterior side of the beaks, under the umbonal slopes, to the lower margin ; anterior margin narrowly rounded below; posterior side much wider, rounded, or sometimes obliquely subtruncated above; beaks convex, very oblique, obtuse, located one-seventh to one-eighth the length of the valves behind the anterior extrem- ity; surface with apparently only fine concentric marks of growth; muscular impressions faintly marked; ridge behind the anterior one small; posterior lateral tooth slender and elongated. Horizon and localities—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Astartella vera Hatu. Plate xlvi, fig. 6. Astartella vera, Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 715, pl. xxix, figs. 3a-e. Astartella vera Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 250. Astartella vera Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars. vol. X[, p. 29. Shell subquadrate, with beaks somewhat elevated, situated over the anterior margin, which is regularly rounded; posterior margin truncated. Surface smooth, with concentric wrinkles and fine lines of growth; cardinal teeth stout. Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures: Clinton ( Henry county ). 126 LAMELLIBRANCHS. Astartella concentrica ( McCuHeEsney ). Edmondia concentrica McChesney, 1859: Dese. New Species Foss. Pale. Rocks Western States, p. 55. Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures: Charbonier (Saint Louis county ). Edmondia nuptialis WINcHELL. Plate xlvii, fig. 2. Edmondia nuptialis Winchell, 1863: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci:, Phila., p. 12. A rather small form, circular in outline, with the beaks rather well forward. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Lower Bar- lington limestone: Louisiana. Edmondia burlingtonensis Ware & WHITFIELD. Plate xlvii, fig. 8 Edmondia burlingtonensis White & Whitfield, ]862: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VIII. p. 301. Rather below medium size, elliptic in outline; hinge-line long, nearly straight; beaks set well toward the anterior end. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Lower Bur- lington limestone: Louisiana. Edmondia aspinwallensis MEEK. Plate xlvii, figs. la-b. Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek, 1871: U.8S.Geol. Sur. Terr. Wyoming, p. 299. Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 216, pl. iv, figs. 2a-c. -Edmondia aspinwallensis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 148, pl. xxxi, figs. 4-5. Shell subovate, moderately ventricose; cardinal margin nearly straight, slightly curving downward posteriorly; beaks somewhat depressed, incurved, and situated toward the ante- rior. Surface smooth, with low, undulatory, concentric folds, and fine lines of growth. ; Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. — LAMELLIBRANOHS. 127 Edmondia subtruncata MEEK. Edmondia subtruncata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 215, Beil; fig. 7. Closely approaching FH. aspinwallensis, but more subquad- rate in outline, and with the umbonal region more inflated. florizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Edmondia glabra MEEK. Edmondia glabra Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 214, pl. x, figs. 7a-b. Quite small, with large beaks medially located. Horizon and localities—_Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Allorisma hannibalensis SHUMARD. Allorisma hannibalensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 206, pl. C, fig. 19. Closely resembling A. subcuneata, but very much smaller, and with prominent, concentric carine at broad intervals. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana ( Lithographic) limestone: Hannibal. Allorisma marionensis WHirTs. Allorisma marionensis White, 1876: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 31. Allorisma marionensis White, 1883: U.S. Geol. Sur. Territories, 12th Ann. Rep., p. 167, pl. xli, figs. 3a-b. A miniature of A. subcuneata. florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone: Saint Louis. Allorisma antiqua SwaLLlow. Allorisma antiqua Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 95. A small form with prominent concentric wrinkles. Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 128 LAMELLIBRANCHS. Allorisma costata Mssex & WorTHEN. Plate xlyi, fig. 12. Allorisma costata Meek & Worthen, 1869: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Deelti. Allorisma costata Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. V, p. 585, pl. xxvi, fig. 15. Shell small, elongate, length from two to three times the height: thin, convex in the umbonal regions; anterior margin short, evenly rounded; posterior end compressed, truncated. Surface ornamented by sharp, distant concentric ridges, which extend backward to the well-defined umbonal carine. Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Allorisma topeKaensis (SHuMakRpD ). Leptodomus topekaensis Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. fps eles Very closely related to A. granosum, and perhaps identical with that species. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Allorisma granosum (SHUMARD). Leptodomus granosus Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, ae Ue pa ace i ae Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 220, pl. ii, fig. 33. Shell very thin; approaching an irregularly oblong form, the length being less than twice the height; very convex, the most gibbous part being near the middle of the valves; beaks prominent, incurved, somewhat flattened on the outside, and placed about half way between the middle and the front. Dor- sal margin straight behind the beaks and nearly parallel to the general outline of the base, inflected so as to form a distinct, flattened, lanceolate, lunule-like area, bounded on each side by a well-defined, sub-angular ridge; posterior side nearly or quite closed, obliquely truncated, with sometimes a faint sinu- osity near the middle; anterior side rather abruptly sloping forward, straightened above, and rounding into the base below, LAMELLIBRANCHS. 129 near which it seems to be a little gaping; base somewhat straightened, or even a little sinuous in outline, just in front of the middle, at the termination of a broad, very shallow con- cavity extending obliquely downward and backward from the umbonal region; behind this rather prominent, thence ascend- ing obliquely, with a slightly convex outline, to the truncated posterior margin. Posterior umbonal slopes very prominently rounded above, and continued as a low, undefined ridge, ob- liquely backward and downward; posterior dorsal slope, above the umbonal ridge, with an oblique, shallow, rounded sulcus, extending from the back part of the beaks to the middle of the truncated margin behind. Surface marked with fine lines of growth and small, irregular, concentric wrinkles, which latter are not defined on the posterior dorsai region above the um- bonal ridge; crossing these are the usual radiating rows of minute granules. (Meek. ) Horizon and localitves.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Allorisma subcuneatum Meek & HaypeEn. Allorisma subcuneatum Meek & Hayden, 1858: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 263. Allorisma ensiformis Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 656. Allorisma subcuneatum Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pal. Upper Mo., p. 37, pl. i, figs. 10a-b. Allorisma subcuneatum Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 76. Allorisma subcuneatum Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 221, pl. ii, figs. 13a—b. Shell large, two or three times as long as high, with great- est breadth in front of the middle, gaping slightly behind. Up- per border nearly straight, fattened immediately behind the beaks so as to form along lanceolate area, with subangular margins; between these-angularities and the low, scarcely de- fined umbonal ridges there is a narrow, shallow depression in each valve. Basal margin nearly parallel to dorsal, slightly curved. Anterior border short, regularly rounded, a little gap- ing. Beaks large, prominent, incurved, and placed well for- G—10 130 LAMELLIBRANOHS. ward. Surface marked only by low concentric folds and fine lines of growth. Horizon and localities —U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Solenopsis solenoides (Gern17z ). Clidophorus solenoides Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 25, tab. ii, fig. 7. Solenopsis solenoides Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur Nebraska, p. 223, pl. x, fig. 3. Shell small, rather compressed, elongated, the length be- ing about four times the height, narrowing posteriorly; cardi- nal margin nearly straight, erect, less than the entire length of the valves, with a faint external compression or shallow furrow just below it; basal margin broadly convex in outline, the most prominent part being in advance of the middle; beaks much depressed and compressed, or scarcely distinct from the car- dinal margin, placed within about one-eighth the entire length of the shell from the anterior extremity, and defined in front by a short vertical indentation ; anterior side narrowly rounded, or with the upper side sometimes faintly truncated, with a slight slope from the little indentation forward. Surface with fine, regular strie of growth, which are nearly or quite obsolete, excepting on the lower half of the valves. FTorizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Chzenomya minnehaha (Swattow ). Allorisma minnehaha Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, Aira Se akan Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pal. Upper Mo., p. 43. Chenomya minnehaha Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 217, pl. ii, figs. 13a-b. Shell of medium size, obliquely elliptic in outline, ventri cose; anterior border rather sharply rounded above; posterior margin truncated, narrowly curved below, gaping broadly; cardinal border curved. Beaks rather prominent, depressed, somewhat incurved, and well forward. Posterior umbonal slopes prominent. LAMELLIBRANCHS. 131 Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal -Measures: Kansas City. Chzenomya leavenworthensis (Mek & HaypEn). Allorisma leavenworthensis Meek & Hayden, 1858: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 265. Chenomya leavenworthensis Meek, 1864: Pal. Upper Missouri, p. 43, pl. ii, figs. la-c. Cheenomya leavenworthensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Nebraska, p. 216, pl. ii, fig. 9. Somewhat smaller than C. minnehaha, and having the beaks set farther back than in that species. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Cardiomorpha triangulata SwWaLLow. Cardiomorpha triangulaia Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 655. Somewhat larger than C. missouriensis, and more triangular in outline. Horizon and localitiés —Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau (Kinderhook ) limestone: Cooper county. Cardiomorpha missouriensis SHUMARD. Cardiomorpha missouriensis Shumard, 1858: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 207. Shell small, like an Allorisma in general appearance, but having larger umbonal regions. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures: Charboniere (St. Louis county ), Lexington (Lafay- ette county ). Spurious and Doubtful Species. Allorisma cuneata Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., voi. I, p 210. Coal Measures: Lexington. Not recognizable. Allorisma lata Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 650. Coal Measures: Lexington. Cannot be identified. Aviculopecten williamsi Meek, 1871: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 178. Chouteau limestone: Chouteau Springs. Cannot be identified. Cardinia occidentalis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 665. Chouteau limestone’: Cooper county. Not recognizable. 132 LAMELLIBRANCHS. Cardium lexingtonensis Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 206. Coal Measures: Lexington. Poorly defined. Cypricardinella gorbyi Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann, Rept., Adv. sheets, p. 92. Keokuk limestone: Boonville. Probably synon- ymous with species already described. ’ Cypricardia plicatula Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 205. Coal Measures: Platte county. Cannot be recognized. Cypricardia pikensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, p. 95. Coal Measures: Pike county. Poorly defined. Cypricardia occidentalis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. Il, p. 96. Not recognizable. Cypricardia chouteauensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. If, p. 96. Chouteau limestone: Cooper county. Described insufficiently. Edmondia marionensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 654. Chouteau limestone: Coopercounty. Cannot be identified. Grammysia blairi Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., Adv. sheets, p. 93. Chouteau limestone: Sedalia. Probably identical with forms already described. : Tsocardia curta Shumard, 1858: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acsd. Sci., vol. I, p. 206. Coal Measures: Charboniere. Cannot be recognized. Macrodon micronema Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 261. Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. Can- not be recognized. Pernopecten sedaliensis Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., Adv. sheets, p. 98. Chouteau limestone: Sedalia. Too imperfect for recognition. Solen missouriensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 655 Poorly defined. Cr AP UR Re XiiT. GASTEROPODS. Dentalium primarium Hatt. Dentalium primarium Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 666, pl. xxxiii, fig. 16. Shell large, stout, nearly straight; surface smooth. Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). Dentalium missouriense SwaLLow. Dentalium missouriense Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. Il, p. 99. i Shell rather large, thin, slightly curved, and marked with small longitudinal ribs. Horizon and localities.—ULower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). Dentalium meekianum GkgInNITz. Dentalium meekianum Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyasin Nebraska, p. 13, t. i, fig. 20. Dentalium meekianum Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 590, pl. xxix, figs. 8a-c. Dentalium meekianum Keyes, 1838: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 234. Dentalium meekianum Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila., p. 251. Shell rather small, curved, sabcylindrical, ornamented by numerous fine oblique lines. Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. In the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi basin, four distinct types of Dentalium are recognized. The first has the surface ornamentation composed of a series of ridges trans- 134 GASTEROPODS. verse to the axis of the shell, forming well-defined annula- tions, as in D. annulostriatum Meek & Worthen. The second has the coste much less prominent, and arranged obliquely or spirally, as in the species under consideration. A third type has the ridges running longitudinally, as is rather imperfectly shown in D. subleve Hall; and as is well seen in the type of the genus D. elephantinum Linneeus. The fourth variety has a perfectly smooth surface, asin D. venustum Meek & Worthen. Pleurotomaria sedaliensis MILLER, Pleurotomaria sedaliensis Miller, 1891:.Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., Adv. sheets, p. 83, pl. xiv, fig. 13. Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook limestone: Sedalia. Pleurotomaria lens (HA zt). Euomphalus lens Hall, 1860: 13th Ann. Reg. Rep. Univ. New York, p. 109. Straparollus lens Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. [I, p. 159, pl. xiv. figs. 7a-b. Shell of medium size, lenticular, like P. illinoiensis in general shape, but with the spire slightly more elevated, Volutions about four in number, the last sharply rounded around the periphery ; convex below. Llorizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau (Kinderhook ) limestone: Moniteau county. Pleurotomaria montezuma WoORTHEN Pleurotomaria montezuma Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VII, ys isnnia montezuma Worthen, 1891: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, vol. VIII, Dyes Dl. xxiv, fp 2s . Shell very large, turbinate; apical portions considerably | elevated. Volutions about four in number, rapidly increasing in size toward the aperture; the upper ones strongly convex, the last more or less flattened above and below, forming a rather well-marked angularity around the periphery. Aperture obliquely ovate. Surface ornamented by prominent, revolving carine, of which seven or eight traverse the whorls above the GASTEROPODS. 135 periphery, and from twelve to fifteen below; the spaces be- tween the ridges are shallow and regularly concave from crest to crest; crossing these are numerous fine undulating lines of growth. Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Burling- ton limestone: Hannibal. W orthen’s original description of this shell was based upon a very imperfect specimen, and was unaccompanied by illus- trations of any kind ; and it was not until more than eight years afterward that suitable figures of the form appeared. Were not the shell such a striking species, so different and so easily distinguished from all other forms of the genus, it would hardly be regarded as unjust to ignore altogether, the name given by Worthen. Pleurotomaria subcarbonaria sP. Nov. Plate xlix, fig. 2. Shell small, closely resembling an immature specimen of P. carbonaria. Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington limestone: Louisiana ( Pike county); Kinderhook beds: Bur- lington (Iowa). Pleurotomaria turbiniformis Mgesk & WorrTHEN. Plate xlviii, figs 6a-b. Pleurotomaria bicarinata McChesney, 1860: New Pal. Foss., p. 90. (Not Sowerby, 1818, nor de Koninck, 1843, nor Munster, 1844.) Pleurotomaria turbiniformis Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 461. Pleurotomaria turbiniformis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. {I, p. 359, pl. xxviii, figs. 8a-c. Pleurotomaria turbiniformis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 160, pl. xxxii, figs. 7-8. Shell rather above medium size, top-shaped, about as high as wide; spire occupying less than half the height; whorls five to six in number, sharply angular around the periphery, obliquely flattened above, slightly convex below, and curving gently into the small umbilicus; band very narrow; aperture obliquely subquadrate; surface marked by strong transverse 136 GASTEROPODS. lines on the upper side of the whorls, crossed by about twenty longitudinal lines; band bordered on each side by a sharp ridge; lower half of whorls ornamented only by obscure revolv- ing lines and lines of growth. Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Oper Coal . - Measures: Kansas City. Pleurotomaria subscalaris Mrek & WorTHEN. Pleurotomaria subscalaris Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl., Phila., p. 460. Pleurotomaria subscalaris Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. II, p. 360, pl. xxviii, figs. 10a-b. Closely resembling P. tabulata, differing apparently chiefly in the absence of the crenulated periphery. Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Meek & Worthen’s type specimen was considerably water- worn or eroded, and consequently the apical parts: and the sharp peripheral edge is rounded somewhat. The form may be, therefore, an old individual of P. tabulata, with the sharp out- lines and crenulations obliterated. Pleurotomaria missouriensis (SwaALLow). Plate xlviii, tig. 3a-b. Trochus missouriensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 657. Pleurotomaria missouriensis Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., p. 159. Shell very large, trochiform, with highly ornamented sur- face. florizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Pleurotomaria coxana Merk & WoRTHEN. Pleurotomaria coxana Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 272. Pleurotomaria coxana Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 600, pl. xxviii, figs. 15a-b. Shell very large, obliquely conical, much longer than wide; Spire occupying over half the length. Whorls about seven in number, obtusely angular at the periphery, obliquely flattened GASTEROPODS. 137 above, broadly rounded below; peripheral margin elevated above the suture, which is strongly defined; umbilicus small. Aperture large, subquadrate. Surface smooth, marked by small regular lines of growth. florizon and localities Measures: Kansas City. Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Pleurotomaria valvatiformis Mex & WorTHEn. Pleurotomaria valvatiformis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 273. Pleurotomaria valvatiformis Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 602, pl. xxix, figs. 9a-b. Pleurotomaria valvairformis Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 254. Shell very small, about twice as wide’as long. Whorls about four in number, rather rapidly increasing in size; very regularly convex; suture deep; umbilicus minute; aperture circular in outline, flattened somewhat on the inner side; sur- face marked by fine revolving lines. ' Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. The form under consideration is the smallest of the group yet observed in the Mississippi basin. Thespecies has a much wider geographic distribution than has hitherto been sus- pected, but owing to its small size has usually escaped obser- vation. It has been reported from Macoupin county, Illinois, and from Polk county, Iowa. Pleurotomaria speciosa Mrerk & WorTHEN. Pleurotomaria speciosa Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci., Phila., p. 459. Pleurotomaria speciosa Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Jllinois, vol. If, p. 352, pl. xxviii, figs. 5a-ce. Shell rather below medium size, conical, about as long as broad. Whorls about seven in number, the last as long as the spire, obliquely flattened above and angular toward the top; periphery sharp, convex below, with a very obtuse angu- larity passing around the middle; suture deep. Aperture sub- quadrate. Surface marked by. filiform revolving lines, about 138 GASTEROPODS. six of which occupy the area above the peripheral band, two or three’ the median flattened area, about twelve the under side; the peripheral band is also crenulated, These are crossed by fine lines parallel to the striations of growth, every fourth one of which is much stronger than the others. Horizon and localities— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Pleurotomaria coniformis WortTHEN. Pleurotomaria conoides Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philas pals. Pleurotomaria conoides Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, p. 603, pl. xxviii, figs. la-c. Pleurotomaria coniformis Worthen, 1882: Illinois St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bul. 1, p. 38. Shell quite small, gonical, somewhat higher than wide. Whorls five in number, obliquely flattened parallel to the slope of the spire, the lower margins projecting a little beyond the upper edges of the succeeding volutions, angular at the peri- phery, flattened below, and rapidly curving toward the center into a small umbilicus. Aperture rhombic in outline; inner margin nearly straight and parallel to the axis of the shell be- low, abruptly turning outward at the base. Peripheral. band rather narrow, bordered on each side by a small sharp ridge, which passes around thespire just above the suture. Surface matked on the upper half of the whorls by small, oblique, slightly curving lines, which on the lower side are less promi- nent, and resemble lines of growth. . Horizon and localities —_Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwoop & PRATTEN. Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood & Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila., (2), vol. Il], p. 75, pl: ix, fig.:8. Pleurotomaria carbonaria Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 239. Pleurotomaria carbonaria Keyes, 1891: Proce Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 253 . Pleurotomaria harii Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rept., pl. xiv, figs. 3-4. v4 GASTEROPODS. 139 Shell of medium size, subglobose; whorls five to six in num- ber, regularly rounded. Aperture subcircular. Surface orna- mented by twenty to thirty sharp, revolving carine, with broadly rounded, concave furrows between; these are crossed by fine, sharply defined lines of growth. Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City. The original specimens of this species are from Williamson county, Illinois. A very similar form has been described from Newport, Indiana, under the name P. newportensis. Apparently the only difference ascribed is that it has the revolving band raised instead of depressed. Further comparisons may show, eventually, this character varietal rather than specific. This suggestion seems all the more plausible since many individu- als which are unquestionably P. carbonaria have the band scarcely sunk below the general surface. The various exam- ples of the species under discussion vary considerably in height; and Miller’s recently described P. harii is merely one of the more depressed phases. Pleurotomaria illinoisensis WortuHEN. Pleurotomaria depressa Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. III, p. 569, pl. viii, figs. 10-10a. (Not Passy, 1832.) Pleurotomaria illinoisensis Worthen, 1884: Illinois St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bor 2. p. 4. Pleurotomaria modesta Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 238, pl. xii, figs. 2a-b. Pleurotomaria kentuckensis Miller, 1890: N. A. Geol. and Pal., p. 421. Pleurotomaria illinoisensis Worthen, 1891: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 1385, pl. xxiii, figs. 6-6b. Pleurotomaria modesta Keyes, 1891: Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 252- Shell small, lenticular; spire greatly depressed; volutions about six in number, obliquely flattened above; body-whorl large, rapidly increasing in size, sharply angular on the periph- ery, flattened or even slightly concave above, broadly rounded below; suture very slightly impressed; peripheral band not well defined, and on the spire still more obscured by a single series of prominent nodes; aperture subquadrate; umbil- cate region slightly impressed, but not perforated; surface glabrate, but showing fine lines of growth under a magnifying 140 GASTERUPODS. glass. >. GASTEROPODS. Wigs Fic. FIG. Fie. ¥ia. Fie. Fig. 4a. 4b. 7a. Tb. EXPLANATION OF PLATE LV. Page. Lozxonema sp.? Lateral aspect. (Rowley collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. Lozonema sp.? Lateral view. (Rowley collection.) Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. Gen. et sp. nov. View of specimen. (Hare collection.) Opposite aspect of same, showing columella Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. Soleniscus sp.? Specimen with part of body-whorl removed. (Hare collection.) Another specimen. (Same collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. Bulimorpha inornata....... ssscccees iste ‘elaie e1iete si weta ates wie stag ie’nls Sieavety afe'er aie OI. Lateral view. (Hare collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. S7rophostylusremen Joo ccd deste an eee ce 60 0.0 o.655.9 brains 60.6 010, 4/0 5 he eels nie yelen Sneeate ean Apertural view. (Keyes collection.) Opposite aspect of same. Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. Trachydomia wheelert csc cnersemeea ne sce AEROS IORICREICIC «sie e-o\s'sisipislo NiGieiniatets Lateral view. (Keyes collection.) Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 205 PLATE EV. = | GASTEROPODS. 1B he Fre. 1: Fig. 2. Fia. 8. Fig 5. PiGenor EXPLANATION OF PLATE LVI. | Goniatites sp. ? Lateral view. (Hare collection.) Selb Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. iis * Nautilus winslowt Sidi troll tay capes eek aitvae aeons eee a - Dorsal aspect. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. Nauttlus avtesouriensis. oo si5.0ccuesasses inser detenkinaeeienee zs Dorsal aspect. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. Nautilus forbesianus.....cocccccocecccececccses Side view. Lateral aspect. Carboniferous, Coal Measures. Nautilus ferratus. ’ Dorsal aspect. (Hare collection.) Side of same. ; | Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. Orthocer as rushenste 4. ss sscackes) L \, " a * yy ad oe) a (Fea F i mT j ad, r ‘ ao, ra 7 hae “P ; al ine . - , \ ‘i * Ce eee oh te ee eeereerereeeeres MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE LVI. CEPHALOPODS. yoy \ A Pua Pm 1 ROR as ot - 7 \ ee yee . 4 7 i \s A ee ] ree ‘ ‘ . . re . . : ® ® ‘ . ‘ . 1 . 4 ° ? . ‘ . . ,. i fae A * . . i ' : . . 4 ~ ' ’ , . » J é ° a J 2 “ , 4 f . * * , ah , y A \ WRAY . : XY \ \ S _ S OF iil . 42 113051053 = on \ \ \ NAY ~~ AY