~~? wT A STATEMENT SHOWING WHAT IS NEEDED IN BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INDUS- TRIAL ECONOMICS AT ‘THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. Urbana-Champaign, 1910 MoLvEkollyY TRAINING FOR BUSINESS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, In the session of 1901 the Legislature of Illinois for the first time made an appropriation for the social and _ political sciences, including industrial economics and commerce. The purpose for which the appropriation was asked and given was the establishment of a School of Commerce, or courses of training for business life, in the University. The amount of money at first given, $6,000 per year, was wholly inadequate to do what was contemplated. The , University, however, kept faith and did the best it could with the 4 ~ “money, by making a beginning of the courses of training in busi- -ness administration, since this was the primary purpose of the Beko, From time to time since then, the work of these ®) courses, or the School of Commerce, as it is usually called, has —-been developed and added to as the Legislature has increased the _--appropriation. With the present appropriation of $25,000 a year oD! i some parts of the work are fairly taken care of, but others are not effectively equipped or manned and some things which should be done are not done at all. Accordingly, this brief statement of the situation has been prepared in order to set before all who are inter- ested, an outline of the field of work whose development is con- templated under the head of the Political and Social Sciences, in- cluding industrial economics and commerce, as originally stated. It is well known that the University of Illinois has been devel- oped on the principle of performing the largest possible service to the whole community. In the Colleges of Agriculture and Engineer- ing particularly, the University has not only furnished a scientific and practical training to students, but, at the same time, through the Agricultural and Engineering Experiment Stations, the Soil Survey, the Water Survey and the Geological Survey, has long cy been directly engaged in research investigations of immediate prac- =! tical value to the citizens of the State. L 37436 2 It is of no less importance that the University should under- take in other fields what it is doing so successfully in Engineering and Agriculture. Especially in the broad field of social affairs, including commercial and business management and administration, there is great opportunity and need for a marked development in the way of practical education, scientific research and public ser- vice. It is hardly necessary now to argue that successful business management today requires a more careful general training in the principles of economics, business organization and technique, as well as specialized training in particular phases, like railway manage- ment, banking, accounting, insurance, etc., than has ever been neces- sary before. The value of special training as the foundation for success in the various branches of the public service has also been recognized and emphasized by those familiar with the problems of modern governmental administration. The enormous development of gov- ernmental functions,—national, state, and local—and their grow- ing complexity and technical character have greatly increased the demand for men of scientific training in public administration. The introduction of the merit system in many branches of the public service has also enlarged the opportunities for the trained expert and opened up permanent and honorable careers for ambitious and capable young men. Still further lines of specialized training are open in the field of sociology, to secure adequately equipped teachers, investigators and practical social workers in both public and private institutions of a charitable, reformatory and humanitarian character. Such forms of social service have also become distinctly specialized pro- fessions, and call for a large degree of expert and scientific edu- cation. These needs of the state and its inhabitants give to the Univer- sity an opportunity, and indeed make it a duty, to provide the facilities for acquiring the necessary training. It is coming to be recognized that it is an essential function of a comprehensive system of higher education to furnish, not only an education of general culture, and in the older professions, such as law and medicine, but also to offer equal opportunities for training in all the important 3 branches of business life, for the public service of the state, and for other branches of social activity. In order effectively to carry on this work of education it is further necessary for the University to undertake the scientific investigation of the numerous and complicated problems connected with modern business, political and social life. It is only by this means that University instruction can be based on a thorough knowl- edge of the conditions, and be adapted to the conditions which its graduates will have to meet. Moreover, such work of scientific in- vestigation and research is not merely of importance for purposes of instruction, but also opens a wider field of service whereby the University can and should become of large assistance in solving the difficult problems which are constantly arising in the industrial, social and political world. The University now should push forward and do more in the way of building up its work of Public and Business Administration and in rendering direct services in public matters such as the Engi- neering and Agricultural Experiment Stations and the scientific bureaus do in more technical and scientific matters. It should 1. Strengthen the present courses for business and enlarge: the field. 2. Provide courses of training for the public service and social: work. 3. Undertake the scientific study of social problems both as a basis for the work of instruction and also for scientific dis- covery and for the practical usefulness of such study in municipal and state administration. It ought to have the means of providing in these lines not only adequate University instruction, but also, facilities for research, col- lection of material and publication. A brief outline of what should be ‘done to put our academic university work in good condition is here given. 4 EDUCATIONAL WORK 1. The Courses of Training for Business Administration. At present these include a course of training for a general mercan- tile life and courses in banking, insurance, accounting, journalism, railway administration and the consular service. While the Univer- sity 1s doing the best it can with the means provided, no one of these courses is as strong as it should be. There is not a sufficiently iarge staff to do all the work that should be done, and the equip- ment in all lines is inadequate. We need a larger staff to offer more work in accounting insurance general economics statistics commercial law foreign tariff and other administration business methods of foreign countries foreign, especially oriental, languages railway transportation and journalism. We are wholly unable at present to offer such practical work in journalism as should be offered, and our condition for teaching accountancy, insurance, statistics and finance is far from what it should be. 2. Political Science and History. In political science and history the scope of our work at present is far narrower than what should. be done in a State University. We need to strengthen the work in public law the theory and practice of public administration colonial government and administration local, state and comparative government American history oriental history and : other fields. 3. Sociology. In sociology also we need to enlarge the scope of the work offered in practical lines, so as to include a study of defective and dependent classes, criminology, penology, immigra- tion and such subjects. 5 4. Journalism. The University of Illinois is far behind some other institutions in the work offered in journalism. We offer no courses at all on the business side of journalistic work—newspaper and magazine management. We offer a few courses on the literary side. We have no model school and our students have no means of practice. To do the work properly, we need to expand our courses so as to include a course in the theory and practice of advertising, one in newspaper business methods (publishing and advertising business, newspaper accounting, distribution, etc.), practice or lab- oratory courses in the details of printing a daily paper, one in the history of journalism and one in the laws relating to copyright, libel, etc. On the side of equipment, to do the work in journalism proper- ly, we need a fully equipped editorial and reportorial office and library, and a printing plant capable of issuing a daily four-page paper of standard size. In this connection it should be noted that the Illinois Daily Newspaper Association, at its session Oct. 19, 1909, passed a resolution putting itself on record favoring the de velopment of the courses in journalism and the purchase of an ade: quate equipment for that purpose at the State University. POLLIICAL AND “SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH All the departments of the social sciences can, from their char- acter, be of considerable service to the public and some of them to private business, if they are furnished adequate facilities. The Uni- versity should have in these lines a staff of expert advisers similar to those in its experiment stations. As illustrating the character of these there would be, for example :— 1. In Economics. Work in industrial research both for pub- lic and private purposes. The department should be at the service of the State bureaus and departments for such help as they may want in their work. It should organize and prepare reports for them on industry and business in Illinois and furnish information on phases of industrial life, on business organization, commercial _and similar matters, to individuals, organizations and public author- ities who need it. Much could be done to aid industrial and com mercial éstablishments in Illinois by furnishing proper information of the state of particular industries at special times. 0 2. In Public Administration. A legislative reference bureau, to collect and arrange information concerning legislation and admin- istration in this and other states and countries with particular ref- erence to matters of interest to the people of Illinois. This bureau should be at the call of the state legislature, its committees and offi- cers, and aid them in every way possible. To do so the chief officer of the bureau would be expected to take up his quarters at Springfield during the legislative session. At other times his work should be in connection with the political science department at the University. For such a bureau connected with the University would have important advantages in the use of University re- sources, especially the library equipment, the staff of professional experts in law, political science, economics, sociology, engineering and agriculture. A close relationship with the University would make it possible to organize the bureau systematically and effectively and keep it entirely non-partisan. The work of such a bureau would include the collection of material such as statutes, judicial decisions, official reports and other printed material bearing on public administration and pro- posed legislation. Such a bureau would index and catalog all this material, as well as legislative bills, keep a record of legislation in all the states and issue bibliographical bulletins concerning the same. As in several other states at present, it would aid in bill drafting and secure information for legislative committees and off- cers. There should also be a municipal reference bureau in connec- tion with the department of political science. Briefly described this would do for municipal governments, officers, committees, and oth- ers, what the legislative reference bureau would do for the state government. 3. In Sociology. In connection with the department of sociology there should be similar means of research with a view to collecting and furnishing information on various social activities for state boards and officers. Much helpful information could be furnished concerning the defective classes, the distribution of pop- ulation, illiteracy, etc. Those in charge of such work would be at the call of the proper officers. “aADATIO(I HLOOWLAV ‘NOILVU NINGY. #O TOOHOS WOL— |] WANS y . SLHDIY FHL LV VIVE] ahkooMg ALISUBAIN() GGT GUV NOLONIHSVAA—'G GHOOIY 9 THE BUILDING NEEDED It may help to give an adequate idea of the building and equip- ment needed to do the work outlined above as it should be done in a great State University, if we consider briefly what has been eons in some other institutions. a 1. The Tuck School of Administration at Dartmouth College. This school is lodged in a building three stories high, the main portion being tooxso0 feet with an addition at the rear 6ox4o feet of the same height as the main building. The general appearance of the building is shown in Figure 1. 2. The School of Commerce at Washington and Lee Univer- sity. This School of Commerce is the only university School of Commerce in the South with its own building, endowment and spe- cial library. The building is known as Newcomb Hall. Figure 2 gives a general view with Newcomb Hall at the right. 3. The Academy of Social and Political Sciences of Frank- furt a. M. This school covers more completely than any other the ground outlined in this circular. It is not only a School of Commerce giving excellent courses in business training, but also gives work in public law and on the practical side of sociological matters. The building, Figures 3 and 4, was dedicated in October, 1906. It is named from a Frankfurt citizen by the name of Jtgel and was erected by his two sons. The building contains ten lec- ture rooms, the smallest of which accommodates 60 and the largest 250 students, besides a large auditorium seating 600. In addition there are numerous offices, a library room accommodating 40,000 volumes, besides smaller consultation and research rooms and _ nec- essary offices. Figures 3 and 4 present a front view and the arrange. ment of the ground story. The building is four stories high. 4. The Commercial School at Berlin. The Commercial High School of Berlin, which is of University grade, was opened in Oc- tober, 1906. The building, a general view of which is shown in Figure 5, is about 138 feet long by 58 feet in greatest depth and three stories high. It is finely built and richly decorated. 5. The Commercial High School at Cologne. This school, which also is of Universty rank, has far and away the finest build- ing equipment of any in the world. The exterior is shown in Fig- ure 6. Figure 7 gives the first floor plan and Figure 8 a vertical ‘W CY) «(Lana ANVay ‘AONTIOG TVOILITOG GNV TVIOOS AO AWAACVOY ‘SOVHTaDGN ¢ SYqQ—‘'§ WqoOoly ‘WY IdoOuNvag “ONHIOQ IVOMIIOG AGNV 'IVI0O0G dO ANAVOYW ‘AVOTYA ANAOUD ‘SAVHIEDAOL SVQ—'P TASTY a oT] [e) wusuro FSS ian! ll eam} ‘} Fiaure 5.—CoMMERCIAL HiaH Scuoou or BERLIN. 13 section of the building, The greatest length of the building is about 450 feet and its depth about 250. The total estimated cost of the building, which was probably exceeded, was 2,480,000 marks, or about $620,000. The number of students in attendance at this school in 1907 was 330. Other schools also have their own buildings. Among the more notable are the London School of Economics and Political Science, the Commercial Universities at Milan, Trieste, Antwerp, Brussels, Paris and Vienna. These illustrations give some idea of the needs of the Univer- sity of Illinois for a building to accommodate a School of Com- merce and its social and political sciences. We have nearly as many students as Cologne, taking the full four year course in Com- merce, and we have more than twice as many in the commerce courses alone if we include students who are taking partial work. In addition, is the large number of students not primarily enrolled in the commerce courses, but taking history, political science, soci- ology and economics as part of their general college course. With such a number of students a German state by this time would have provided a building at eet as fine and spacious as that of Cologne. After careful study of the problem for several months, those immediately in charge have prepared sketches which will show the amount of space really needed for the accommodation of the work which has been very briefly outlined in the preceding pages. No attempt has been made to sketch an exterior, for that is the business of the architect, nor is it the idea that the suggested floor plans here given are to be regarded as final. They are given for the sole purpose of showing the amount of space needed and a possible ar- rangement subject to modification after further study and approval by the proper authorities. The sketches were kindly brepaped by the supervising architect and his associate. Figure 9 shows a proposed first story plan of a building that would answer our purpose. Class and study, or seminary, rooms are arranged around a well lighted front and wings and a large lecture room projects from the rear center of the main part of the building. The right wing of this first story is intended for the courses in journalism and the basement corresponding to this should contain the necessary press and other material equipment. ‘ANDOTOD JO IOOHOY HDIFT IVIOMINNOD AHL —‘9 TANIA % eT ‘ANDOTO() AO TOOHDG HDIFT IVIOMANWOD ‘NYOOTY GNNONH—') ANAYIT ik TOGO U O80 [ i) "ANDOIOD AO TOOHOG HOI IVIOMANWOD ‘NOILOAG IVOILYTA—'S AMADA lll MG 7" glldi,, Yili, Yyu, yyy, yu yr Yily, yi, Ye Ke Y Z ; g y Y B J “yy y Z FY YZ Ye, Wildl YL Yi ub L| : mM =s=reisrarureves a | iii . | pam ac Bis dpa tf 4 J Th : i || 1 | {hey i il AGN be a 17 The second story, Figure 10, is devoted to general study and lecture rooms and particularly to the work of accountancy. The whole left wing could well be given up to that work. The third story, Figure 11, is intended primarily for the re- search work of the various bureaus briefly described. In addition there are more class rooms and consultation or study rooms for the staff. The fourth story, Figure 12, might be devoted, as shown, to collections illustrating the practical phases of the various lines of work. Fhere would be an exhibit of materials connected with the public administration such as, for example, public health statistical charts, the maps of the tax block system of cities like New York. _ The commercial and industrial exhibit would include a commercial museum and a collection of statistical machines and apparatus like adding and billing machines used in the best equipped business. offices. "6 aUnDdy TH WHvaa, RHPA SV ID OSS. 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FFRNIGAG dO TOOHIG NW Td AaOLS - dHODaG axGodoag Aos -GNYTG: HOLAS -wWwhilna Se =. ———_—_ | “ WAIMOLICGAY oO Lav Bt A - ‘TI “yap 41 wove, HHA ‘ad1v19096¥ CAAVWa GAH HY: LHOMY NIP AMAA (OLN W aw ep cof gee eee TT| clo - AINA NOILYWRLOIVIWAY \ N¥ Td - tatohe: ae.Ht: PITAAd ANY -<) 8 J \ a 2 > : es i i. \ ‘ ’ ae eee | } A 4HEaY BLvID0%sy. amvVuMAY Hy TT] YHVaSA tHoay bHiciAamada / -aliuM Ww Saw} "TT 80 AINA NOlLIvaLoIVIWwdy "DITNAA -IN¥-SEBNICAQ -do t0OH DG “davodoad aod SNYIg HOC 8Z™“ 9z * wooy NAOMs, BF ~*~ oF *eLidiuxa Av 21 boT01D0¢0 ‘ZL GANDA Jenson Lab etwod. “NWT -AAOLG: UI=tAo,} eenecnqggere aenraddeevea! SE ee FLICIHKy HOlLLwmlsiniway: >ITaag 23 MWA SI SUNEE DED TO*DOVALE. THIS WORK. To do the work properly there are needed: 1. The present annual appropriation of $25,000 for the social and political sciences needs to be made at least $50,000 for the pur- pose of giving proper instruction in courses now established and that should be established. 2. In addition at least $50,000 more should be appropriated in order to enable the departments to establish, so to speak, their experiment stations, to render the public services described above in connection with the legislative and municipal reference bureaus, etc. ; 3. A careful estimate of the cost of such a building as would be needed according to the supervising architect shows that an appro- priation of about $325,000 would be necessary to erect and equip the building adequately. 4 ime, bes 6 te Vist. ht ave ¥ r -, 4 oe iy PO ow “ wee «