39. GS/4: Buc 48 | Bulletin No. 48 July 26, TOLD « | M. M. LEIGHTON COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA ae) DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL APFAIRS James F. Woodward, Secretary BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GHCLOGICAL SURVEY George H. Ashley, State Geologist eB + wPYRITE PROM BITUMINOUS COAL MINES IN PENNSYLVANIA By Henry Leighton* - Contents - Page ie MES Deere tae Nh! dy) Ge py nina) ep mm oy mm my veel vee Vm! 1 so EN VST ee mS rey Sk) ii ie) est ape ies oe, at imei hve Nm ee mm fe en Mode of occurrence - - si SHU A Ge al ge a 3 ‘ Methods of estimating slemib ts of pyrite ~- 7 - - = » Methods of recovering pyrite - -----+---+-+-+-- 6 Cleaning plants BARA esl Se vRV mtg au sot Ym nn! ey rn mo 7 Mar ket ran ia = ey = Cn ee ed -~_ = = 8 Oceurrence in Pennsylvania - -----+---+s -+-+-- 9 Meeerencion by distracts - - <-(+.-'-2.- -)- ee ~ 20 Summary of pyrite available - ---+---+-+--->--- 218 Production and imports - - --+--+-s+-+-+-+-+7e+--- 19 i } |. FRERACH. 3 The field investigation of pyrite in coal was done in the Summer of 1918 by visiting the more promising areas for pyrite pro- duction. A thorough canvass of the entire coal ficld was not made but enough was done to demonstrate that the available supply of pyrite is large and that a fair tonnage could be obtained without a great expenditure of money for equipment. Special acknowledgment is made of the cooperation of the United States Bureau of Mines, which organization through its Experiment * Professor of Economic Geology, University of Pittsburgh. This report was written in 1918, at the request of R. Kk. Hice, then state Geologist. OE > ee eee m a ee eae eT we —— ——_ = To m—e gy tee 4 : ; uy tan : A “ y oes a Ft Pie RS ft aed aE ner ah he sty 8 L - b DA We iAP ye BY Wiss we 4 hives tik Ay Ah, GO pani tie iy ob rid , ‘ 5 Rae J ' i Pee dyes y Liga Riera ; ‘ Nit. oe A Wilkes We eaten fb tet) Pe Ler eh iad, rate ivatniaaaab ga wlineh ati 4 2 ol seh 5 Bir et iy } 4 ‘ Dy . P.: Pa * j tT ie a + i : ' ‘ . hn , de od ") k 9 * as Sia aiid nae. aah ‘ ‘ ‘ t i i mA He Ah Oe { at ‘ rem as | t ‘ 4 i 4 t i \ ‘ / +P ie ; ; h | 1 We ice i Ua ie ons at es Vy , ’ . eee se \ " me ‘'s war bbc vee - 4 { me pit iN i ae yt i ‘ q { oN 4A ‘ oa Ane we ; ‘ fi wt 4 * vy mt ‘ itl cal - ? ¥, v Tit y i ‘ + ‘ **, | , : J 7 4 y oat i 7 mA A \ ‘ si - F ‘ p LA s 3 ‘ F 7 Ae ais (1 i yeas: } ' F : Sa : Lae es. q * ‘Oy ' HU NACL ey emia Ur ogc I ; Saree Re at iat, ry; ir “LGA AL Ys es ivy j uy iM : Fa : 7 dt a Dy) ay Wi , j aS aay Ny! | bay ei “Yee ‘| La ti at ’ { y Vara et eh : ve i 1 ih, é TEs “ hy i OF) \ i ais: P . \ Conte Paty Neg Kogits A al al la Haw f ee de j \ } t iA ri ' Nig we dy wt Ky ie a ; rt ' i‘ ) ‘ a Hi ek J { dope py #400 4 tos fe ‘ ‘ fd ’ et y , AeA. ey ‘ * } ; st f oy al PP AML f ype %, a ’ ay , “aA 1 ; ty; hk © Ve ah 02 | Ky J of LL? ; : \ ii 4 Be ey aa VE i ; 2 abi Wn ; liye j } ‘ ie ie a ant CUM, eet 3 . Hy! atts i ft i u Saee ‘ i é hOK Oh ‘ i J imal al ’ i i i Westy ’ ? Paty y ay "4 vy tN AA 4 | \y , ’ , i 2 | / fe j 1 , - a ii . af at ara? ba! taf s ve ip Ly Y et j é \ " a ; Reid ait y a f #4 mA q ;:' ¥ 4 a Py 4 ' j : Bie © | 44 > re | Med hove < Vere if ‘ ae hi ae dor ls segs during the roasting. The presence of a small quantity of coal should be offset somewhat by the unusually low phosphorus and arsenic con- tent, both of which are much lower than in the Spanish ore. High and seemingly unjust and discriminatory freight rates have also deterred the development of some promising supplies of pyrite in coal mines, rates from central Pennsylvania to an acid plant in western Pennsylvania being higher than the rate on Spanish pyrite from seaboard to the same acid plant. Altcgether, for these and other reasons, the manufacturers of Sulphuric acid have been averse to paying a very high price for coal pyrites, the quotations usually being so low as to discourage the coal company from attempting to recover the pyrite, Shipments of a car- toad or two come into the plants from time to time and their irregu- larity is a source of constant worry to the manufacturer. Could the acid manufacturer be assured of a constant deily supply of this form of pyrite in a fairly clean state, the writer believes he would be Willing to pay such a price that a fair, though not excessive profit could be made by many coal mining companies. During the war the shortage of pyrite became acute and bade fair to bring about arise in the prico paid for coal pyrites and a conse- quent development of the industry on a large scale. Although hostilities ceased before much development could be effected,. Some Plans eat least were made which seem to make possible the production of pyrite by certain coal companies even in peace times, when prices may be lower. } The investigation in Pennsylvania aroused general interest among coal operators in methods of preventing the waste of such an important economic mineral, and it is quite likely that some will and others could save an@ market pyrite at a profit. To be sure, the wastage probably must continue in some mines unless wrices could be advanced, for the saving of the pyrite necessarily demands additional lsbor, Special arrangements with the miner, or Special equipment. Never- theless, every operator should at least acquanmt himself with : Successful methods employed elsewhere and their results, and should make a careful study of his local problem to ascertain if the saving of the material would be practicable. The writer believes that the SBVallable tonnage of pyrite in a mine is generally underestimated by the operator, the quantity of pyrite in his mine often seeming small until he installs a picking table and operates in a period when independent miners "load out everything." Wiode of Occurrence. The mineral pyrite has the composition of FeSe (sulphide of iron) and when theeretically pure consists of 46.6 per cent iron and 05.4 per cent sulphur. It is a brassy colored mineral, harder than stecl. 1 occurs in crystals often cubic in form; in scales, some- times known as fool's gold; in large ore bodies associated with copper, Zinc, lead and other minerals; and in nodules in coal beds. 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DE ADEE ELA gi ’ ae ae oe Wh ae ie ee hott + Ne aD | by Ry h aoiat " ui eat (i Og ore any Pe wy Pipa) ter) etd Ne | “1 ‘er * ‘ f hit § ‘ . wo “ % } 4 Ms We STG. ce a ED Be ae ie eit eeki fe us * xf rh sa. 4 a Cur 4 * : of Liss ' : i oo eh Te neh al Rea eh Gad aad Lhie re Ne’ , le ae uf ay at Ay ey es. apa 0 de } Pal ea ere ‘a oe &” ie 7, } au p Dh AS a Oe et ae eo i > 20 r hw io : ; i aa Oe Slr eR nE AIR . yi nh POR pon: re. aa Pes a ‘apts ; » Ret) Tbe AE ip * is ey et iho ae ab mh 2 ay hth OS . : K » i Caer + ripe 4 ys ang eh AV: Bedi i AN Who et UR ee gr a hilt ie ! . - ¢ i y * yi ¥. jf ' F F L j vey f ¥ had { bit } = hhay ‘7 : ij F hi 1 cal yr, iii 4 ie Ke roi yy , ] 4, 1h ie wif re ee | Aas 1 My 4) La ‘ a : le Gna 1 t i rah ; q f 1 a 4 { : rey ay, ‘ 4 % - hy Mos * h Age U ’ \ ty Bas f a) tg hae re # rh rl ' echeety " ." Pie 38 hae, on the ‘ Ful ee Sol ey od } ehh” gal © i ae ert f A t at P Ys 4 mS « wins Le cc he Tay me p ide’ ¥ rae Li ns , A * “| ity 4 G4 j : ‘ cy ee Ww , ; ‘ j Dey : i oper J f ‘ ’ ie ee . wy o iv ' rr " 4 Sy te ar f ‘VA Gita Wh A - ‘ ¥ ry ve FS TRY ¥ ms ’ Mi oad " iy! ae oe 1 ASE ARE ' Pa te ‘ ah J par Ly 4 ee we by oy er iy xt ‘ . OL . igre q i ied ve ‘ i fy 4 ae be ites Se Sue © Bh Pitan a HE ne ‘ y vin x \f : yea on, ; ‘ ee date ‘ Niche } . SeaPE ALA 7 f i¥ i , - a tal fe) i : wy, Ate Wy cone ak Per, ; ; | y ’ ; med i fezy |) Wee 7a Another form of FeSo, crystallizing differently from pyrite but having very Similar propertics otherwise, is the mineral marcasite. Unless in good crystal form the two are distinguished only with difficulty, and for brevity the FeSo in coal as described in this report is all termed pyrite. The pyrite (or marcasite) in coal is generally know to the miner as "sulphur", "sulphur balls", or “coe2l brasses.”" It cccurs generally in one of four forms: plates, nodules or balls, lenses, or in thin scales. ‘The plates are horizontal seams or binders ot pyrite, usually from + inch to 2 or 3 inches thick and maintaining a uniform thickness over large areas. Their position is veriable: they mey Be near the roof, near the bottom, or less often in the heart of the bed. In some mines they lie in roof coals which are not removed, except in driving headings. When the pyrite exists in plates the estimation of the quantity present in a mine is relatively simple. The plate is generally either dense brass-like pyrite, rather dull on the fracture and called by some miners "whin sulphur,” oF else the plate is made up of obscure, thinly laminated pyrite and coaly layers which upon exposure quickly separate, causing the plate to crumble and scale, the surface becoming covered with a whitewash, or iron sulphate. Both types of plate are of value, even the more impure laminated type often rumning 44 per cent sulphur. The more Serious disadvantage is its rapid decay, which makes its storage difficult and lowers the value of old dumps should they be worked Over. The lenticular pyrite generally runs 1 to 3 inches in maximum thickness, and on the face has a length of 3 to 12 inches, giving generally when mined masses averaging 8 inches in disgmeter end re inches thick in the center. The lenses may be scattered promiscuous~ ly through the coal or they may be concentrated in a general horizon near the roof or floor. Their constitution is much like the platy material, either dense or laminated. The ball type, to which the term "Sulphur balls" more properly applies, is more nearly spherical than the lenses, and varies from fist size up to 6 inches in diameter. Some irregular balls, tending toward lenses, may be of large size, weighing several hundred pounds. The balls are seldom as uniform in composition as the other types, some being made up of bright, brassy pyrite, but knotty, that is, with peculiar wavy masses of coaly material end other impurities throughout. This knotty material can be cleaned, but first has to be crushed to + inch lumps. Other balls carry siderite, the gray or brown carbonate of iron, which makes a central core, or elsé is intimately mixed with the pyrite, giving a pepper and salt appearance. The balls are therefore less uniform and must be carefully examined as to their interior composition. They are less abundant than either of the preceding types. The fourth type, the "scaly sulphur,” occurs in the form of thin brassy scales hardly thicker than paper and distriVuted along the cleavage planes or on the bedding planes of the cosl. This scaly material may be evenly distributed in the coal and hardly noticeable, or it may be segregated into bunches or knots which are easily Bcd Pes eh ve {* je ity a | Me | ahh + * ‘ i y 2 4’ wwe ; ; ‘ i oad ‘ aL . Oy | ' ‘ / Fd ; ‘ ' 4 ‘ i , 4 ' ‘ «% ye are | ‘ Aidit Gpey BP “tr iat Didnt sf Sp UR Besinh UA) dha ie AS sie - bara 4 Ay ae f 5 TP LUD RMN AU MeeCOSR En CIMA Wah gk hi! ae) Me crumbled and are often know cs “soft sulphur." This scoule is not recoveruble for acid mnufacture, und is the most detrimental to the coal, as it can be removed only by washing and then only with diffi- cult ye Methods of Estimating Quantity of Pyrite. The estimation of the quantity of pyrite available in a mine or coal bed is frequently difficult on account of its irregular distri- bution. The general practice of leaving the greater part of the Sulphur in the gob makes an underground examination necessarye LE pyzite occurs as a fairly continuous plate or series of lenses the best method of estimation is to measure the vertical face of pyrite present in the various rooms, multiply the average thickness by 6 and determine what percentage such a result is of the total thickness of the coal bed, The measurement is multiplied by 3 because generally the mixed pyrite is 3 times as heavy aS coal. For instance, if in a mine we find that in all rooms the everage thickness of pyrite 18 3 inch, we multiply thet by 5, giving 14 inches, and in a 60 inch coal bed 13 tons of pyrite could be extracted from 60 tons of coal or 27 per cent. In our Pennsylvania mines the distribution is rarely unl- form enough to make this inethod of estimation of much value. Another very practical method which cen be used by the maine Operator is to instruct the miners to load out, say for a day, all the material mined, slate, sulphur, and all, anc then carefvlly sort this material on a platform or on the ground and weigh the pyrite |. recovered. This method has been used by some companies and sur prising- ly high sulphur recoveries shown. The chemical analysis of the coal is of little value in estimat- ing pyrite except that a high sulphur analysis generally indicates an even greater quantity of sulvhur as pyrite. in the coal sampling for analysis as carried on and recommended by the Bureau or suines, a vertical cut is made on the face of the coal, but sulphur bands or lenses over 3/8 inch are excluded, so that the more valuable sulphur balls from the stendpoint of the acid manufacture do not appear in the analysis. aA coal may therefore show on analysis ea sulphur con- tent of one per cent but in reality carry in the mine several per cent of sulphur in the form of pyrite balls. On the other hand it must be remembered that a variable quan- tity of the sulphur appearing in the anelysis may exist in the coal as scales of white gypsum, a form cf calcium sulphate, as non mr recoverable scaly pyrite, or in the Somewhat vague combination with the coal substance generally termed “organic sulphur." The quantity of sulphur present in these forms is in practice more than counter = balanced by the sulphur in the balls not included in the saimple, ona : we thus generally find more recoverable sulphur present than inaicatet in an analysis. Pyrite brought to the surface and separated from the coal on picking table, in the cars, or in a washery, can easily be weighed and often a rough estimate made as to its relation in tonnage to the AAD ow ni oy ‘ i ¢ \ Aas! os ( ' he eae Fierce: Megara Rhy vara Fy Yap Nos ay 7 ihe oO ; ey fa toh a ai aye Kat ; ‘ , ; . ; %, 4 nie b - ‘ , i, 3 f ’ ‘ ‘ Ns wi vat aN : v 4 5 F t Cis a wh }) . » 4 A v , RT rod nah de ¥ } rt} si x i | é J vA Yt INN a " % , \ ‘ +o. nN } i beans ti tid wy! N Rc a Oren ' ia Bt ONY Oe st ne Ae en res Do MT EAI SU oF cue » * . mel iv i ; 1 ¥ q ’ y a ‘ a Nae bate ty, by ayy r \Prar %s ire aan Po ; ROD RD OG Meat Ty Md ie Tana ete aca by tans ai = i ¢ an OV aipial vans \ Sa) 4} hae itt A aabeuh ute He Cn aR oa fo pane) i : ( i Vai : e Nae . Bi | , ri i’ On ‘ ae | lie ue tee \ ‘ a 5 - at rm K : | , ‘ + sae ’ , i ’ . q oy \ , ‘ fi , : ; | { hi, ‘ ware ba” \ ‘ . \ \ : r ai : ; i 4) } ; , 5% ¥ ; ’ ¥ ny , " 0 \ ' 4 4 bus \ Ni . t me M A : ner : i re ea | ‘I o. { h ‘ f i , : ; ; { +. Ui hie * Se i 0 *} ean a) ‘ ri f i ta 7 . \ \ ’ at * i ‘ iy fie a eave f iy , , t : ; i F y nih eg * >. -~ I : { ; 4 is . y j ob [ , e ‘ } eT I ; j Lae ' \ al Puy be £ . i > wa ' , ? f ee, ” \ . 4; te " f ; ( i wig r { ' ve 4 , Ee ho } ta ‘ } ’ } tl ‘ ,) { 3 J ts . ‘ 0 i : i ' ¢ v 4 \ ‘ ee DEL; ay ae f ; : ' D fers M } on he ’ ; WG 5 i ’ a We ow : y j cpt ry it ipa y “y A ‘ \ ’ x : , bY; , 47 j ai " t + - WAR \ ' ys \' - “ ’ * . : nce i f fi olga 4 au , Nee COM ets f Ky ‘ : yen TT Lhe ' ’ ne . { Wick a4 : < , ’ i : a ie) os , % vy ) eta rd r ” ‘ C ‘ r ' at Te . “4 ech wee hb ‘ 4 ) : git i id i vate ; i : i% eee y 50 Al aks ties ‘ F 4 te es | . k. ‘ make ag nee 4 4 ' A ; ' d pi i y ay j « 4 e\ a) F oy 7 | quantity left below. The different mines show great variation in this respect, some gobbing four-fifths of the pyrite, others loading out the greater part of it, the variation depending upon mining methods, treatment at the surface, and the discipline of the foreman over his men. Methods of Recovering Pyrite. In most mines in the State more than one-half of the pyrite is gobbed, that is, stacked within the mine slong with slate and other refuse. In fact, the miner who loads "sulphur"™ out in the mine cars is often punished in some way. The war time agitation for clean coal made gobbing even more necessary, for with rapid loading at the tipple, and where picking tables were not installed, it was impossible to hand pick the pyrite and insure a shipment of clean coal. fMThis gobbing of pyrite not only buries for all time a product which has a value, but in a high sulphur coal creates the constant danger of the mass taking fire. The pyrite as mined can be thrown to one side and loaded out separately each day. A few men can be detailed to clean up this waste during the night, or gob piles can occasionally be moworked during dull seasons or years. ‘The latter has been done with profit in pre-war times and the other schemes have been suggested, although it must be confessed that they are generally only possible when prices are high. "Sulphur," "bone," slate and "fireclay”™ brought to the surface are generally picked from the mine cars on their way to the tipple, picked out by men who stand in the "flat" or railroad car during loading, or later removed from the top of the flat as it stands on the Siding. Heaps of such waste can often be seen under the tipple, and often special hoppers, chutes, mine cars or wheelbarrows are used to convey it to a larger dumping ground. Occasionally what accunmu- lates in a day would be worth saving, but generally this is not practicable. Commercial recovery of sulphur valls is quite probable where the coal passes over shaking screens or over regular picking tables and waste is removed under the scrutiny of from 2 to 10 or more men or boys. The waste is generally carried into seperate hoppers and removed to a dump. Not infrequently three-quarters of this waste is Sulphur balls. In many tipples with slight changes, the “sulphur” could be separated from the bone and other waste by throwing into Separate chutes or hoppers and a salable sulphur product be produced. Where a picking table is installed, the miners, even when not in- structed, soon load out more of the pyrite, and it is an easy matter to recover the greater part of it. The one mine in the State now producing commercial pyrite - No. 7 of the Mercer Coal & Iron Company, stonsboro = allows the men to load out everything and depends upon an efficient group of picking table workers to see that the final coal product is clean, at the same time saving and marketing the pyrite, which is of the platy type. Picking tables are coming into more general use every year as the only sure means of getting a clean coal from a sulphury or dirty mine. Their wide use will give us large quantities of sulphur balls, and it behooves every operator of ES Na we 2 (Mle ' ¥ » vhs frothy ve ‘ vas aye 4 ren, vat * { Py 3“ uy ar SORT, + f Uar th a We i) ¥ hidy f w! iets i 1 \ yt 0 fe WJ ~ a He ; iw ‘y) @ picking table to collect, clean and market this material. He is then rid of the serious menace of burning sulphur piles but also in many cases its sale will pay for the operation of the picking tables. Already there are many operators who greatly desire to be rid of the waste heaps. Where coal is crushed and washed for coke oven use, a refuse of Slate, bone and pyrite is GR DGr ays Which up to this time has not been utilized in this State. Samples of washery refuse, when examined, showed sulphur content averaging 20 per cent, stein roughly would indicate 40 per cent pyrite in the refuse. The . pyrite exists in sizes from very fine scales to 2-inch lumps, and the quantity Which could be recovered by rewashing depends mainly upon the proportion of fine scaly pyrite present, as this is not easily recovered. If a washery produces 30 tons or more of waste material which runs over 15 per cent sulphur it is generally possible to ins tall a rewaSh plant at low expense, Wea can extract 50 to 75 per, cent of the pyrite and produce it in a grade of at least 40 per cent sulphur. This material is marketable and i well worth produc ving. The waste from each washery is a problem by itself, for the form of pyrite in the coal, and the type of washer used gives each waste a distinctive character. Plans for rewashing cach waste must be made only after careful experimental work has been eee on, preferably by one experienced in concentrating pyrite or other metallic sulphides. The plant in general will consist of rolls, screens, ore jigs, and possibly concentrating tables, end should not cost over #10, OOO. Although a plant could be devised which would save #11 the pyrite, its design would be complicated and expensive, and it is usually better, with pyrite a low priced substance, to be satisfied with a less perfect recovery in a muck simpler and less expensive plant. 4 suggestion as to equipment necessary for a plant which ordi- narily should extract 70 per cent of the prrite present, is given in an accompanying flow sheet (Plate I). The use of the concentrating table to treat the Second bed middlings gives a chance for a greater capacity than if such material is crushed and returned to the jigs. © Cleaning Plants. Successful - treatment of the coarse lumpy pyrite coming from the gobs, the cars, or the picking table, to produce a clean high sulphur product has been carried on in special plants operated either at 4 large mine by the mine operator, or by an outside company buying the crude lump from various mines. In either case it is usually possible not only to get a clean salebdle pyrite but also a quantity of clean coal which originally adhered to the pyrite lumps. The erection of centralized cleaning plants of this type moy be the solution of the problem of the small mine, or group of small Mines not able as individuals to produce or clean their pyrite but which could afford to sell the uncleaned waste at a low price to the cleaning plant for treatment. f#rom the cleaning plant a regular ‘Steady flow of high grade pyrite would pass to the acid plant. ~ Fw tite , me tf on $ N : eR ‘he ) a: R + Va WAT i & baton s ‘ 3 “t t " \ 1 5 1 Py ay jo.) Fr ae ae Aa ap Abe . iS ey i * very ra ‘ , a vou Mia : Pit eae ‘ ory ; tay Rave LF : nN ty p i / ‘ >) ne “y i ¥ a F ‘ a , i % : j : "| ’ ‘ \ j Y \ f \ ' ‘ 5 4 \ bie ‘ | 8 : | ‘ } ) a : , ir a t TE dy } i % : : rit i ; AE a) ima yay $ i 5 iy : i hse a tied? ¢ ‘ i an Py a Fi aa (ws ’ i iy . hw \ PEnay / A ~ 1 mat Sab. ait W Kita} in vu Rony ne As tee es Ae. ea tig ath ‘ ‘ rt M hv wi fet r ‘ ‘ id ty \ t , \ J T ” ‘ . * ai Ay dike we ‘ t tart “tsi . Vika UL ae tk Ma tele fv? Bf a Bae \ 1 Ce : \ " had f Wie Es: f ) Br } i Aish GAL ARRW ac - i aie | Pays ti { j U SES i BA ¢ ; : ig ‘ * : j i l ae oe! Ver l tiw t i ‘ é ; lf His ¢ Tey kd : " ts tie \* : : d i A ' . bs » : " iy tk Bei fs Be el ie aL Ae Be y) 2 ‘ . Pahl ' , AWS ay Wy aY +1 ; } ' ’ y TaN La eRe 4 Ma ’ I ba if f ' rey AP HY | WA Ags i \ A \ , VaR Vet i iB alte Nik) Pa ica UC ’ \ yy ‘ i yd ie { eee ja atl ‘ + 7 ‘ ( ’ v i : ‘ . hd “ way, " { Ni ) i : ups i rh Si Vay ? f i i Aaa pits ' « ~ i . | 7 ’ ; j nr ae i in ath f ait ta. ‘ bas \ ‘ 4 ' i eee 4% J ‘ at ? h , , igh { } (iy ' . Lak A ee a , “4 we | ’ I ' j hey * ‘ \ j , ¢ i ; aaenuientyakl: lett SINR cal a iin sia r BAN, 1 t } ‘ } iF alae nq Sy nee ry; F \ , ie wm Pion ee ay ie ye OF - 5 t | 7 ; Wh Wott nh oD {iluee > j yA ‘ Pay ‘ 4 Fins eae wwig of NV ie ae Ph a ! ACH EDN APA DR Te v { : 4 ‘ Prey: | , neh huis bte Oa PAE Barat | ae : { ; f i i {2 I Per ity By fv : Ui vil i i 7 ( Vite wast , ny Dae ae Le ih EAs CTR ND HP UPA Bhs Choe ee 2s, Otte ey A ; , 5 Ans be aie H i BG ‘ M , Se ee ae 2 f ‘ ive 4 : ' i ~ i bik oh) ah ; ‘ , Ab , anh pe ok ae ree hs ; Rea Et eae econ WAGERS I td th? MWh! ARB Ble Seah f ; eave : j a ay ‘ i ‘ , nit t in hs a) 7 icy 4 ¥ 4 } W 1M A j ! ’ i | . ae Vey, , : ' \ ‘ ' ! 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Hy fists ee at ick eae | ite wae , : i , " eiiul & { F ; pay ru \ y j pens Ye Pah . t i) at Pinte. 1 Washery Refuse | y Smooth Rolls /OXL4 } | | | Pe Gitsta ct 4 | Caves ah : PRevoluing Screen Y | Oversize Unclersiz € | | Y | Smooth'PRo/ls | 10° (2a" Two Compartment Ore ECUNESs, Hig 24 X24 | tes Peer ‘a . YS weed it J8* Butoh 27% bag ano igh ap ie | Pyrite Pyrite Pyrite eas | | y y Medecllings | PISA a y y 70 Aes 4 Shipping 810 Smaoth Rolls 10X12" | | Crus ; to %y" | : Ve TD Ono icc. ce Or 1f clesirecl Concentrating Ta ble | Cote ear ee ea Aes To Y Y y Pyrite Midcellings Tailings ., at ¥ Bet) Aesth rah Aiki To Ourtp Flow sheet for concentration of Pyrite From Véashery refuse. * as, BSR ee Roe Dt Areca pebiae ore SN in ————~ ead ee SURE enemy wae weget COANE. ae avy DA thaay ik paynyes % se on alg Mie a) these \ ae Atay ay od Behr ay whe ey n ' ‘at } ‘ "i } cy, 1 ; vt, oy, Mi Z }, + 4 ‘ i ¥ as mi Cid 9 \ 4) AR ane rt be ay \ - ae Me : P i % ” & ’ ‘ : nea diy wey dt, tet poe eel dee seein pel late? neater tie A | By in bth, Papal ree at wad vi tty “4 a8 is é Hs Ne aud aay, CM Nv ae Ve t tg - I e OG q i } aes ; | { ; ri 4 \ 1 oe 1 ¥ ¥ * ' Ds ea AN ‘ ’ Ye bok vas e b 4 * 4 fi . ae ’ f Ay ” EE EBUN a al Lh: aan | in ey Hy pm al 4 i p tha eS ‘TANS Ur a a vet te? : , / "“y . xi 4 , ‘ 7 * ' ‘ 4 ' . , 656 ; 7 ig eh rie Sais oe i Pee i i ‘ ey M mn we ag ' at i AY My Rive ae OV a . j ar i ol 4 eal le 1 ’ Z j me ) , fm 42 vi J a pone arn ‘ “ * aS airy 1 mie 11} hing z t ' Pe iy I ; i hy (f. Ae ae Oe t ; i% 4 ; f H i wn / , i i ri a 7 ie i? 4 , ( Ke 4 4 , ® Fi. : ' * 4 i en nif ia ¢ AVS i: yi PERE ‘ i | Wag. Lia Wan AP eh Ae Ri? ay 4 oP! are dy ate \ * ! ‘ 1 Sea , : / ! e ; it ie P Raee get; ¢ 1 , j , ‘ ny . < , wee” oo ae M ‘ ay f j Y Wasa 4 Ap Macy ies UES A Gh , I ; : 5 ae | } ii ‘ ; fa i ' ’ ‘ ‘ Ty a, i an ini j eye Woe Ue it er See ss Nia ys a le ’ ; Op" JATEE NL STAG Saeinen Fal OE rh ate ¢] y de Mie if i ; ' ° a ee! PRE p EY ae acc nee # os ta os PA om ig ates Oe Ane Ate ; PvRgety i hte t \ apt, oh a q win! f i 7 Te dies Es a ‘ ' : Tika ; ras) ay » Wis ‘ se ah ee eel Wh Aha vipiyih \ i 4 Dt ; (one hee’ A a inf peg) ee nd ta Ae eh ba a in 4 ! by j ery te in eiioe, Me ; * wy iat» ues j sty? , 4 j qr bry 5 se wl) i" 4 Ve : . il aig " ie pet phe, £ baw ms, Lem cw i tie } ; / j ( "i \ * nat Fi ‘ 4 t ‘ t 4 \ 4 ay } f 7 . : 1 4 > i a >, y ; Pia wi iy { t ‘J : ‘ , j ” He pat ae ie i? a. f J ee 6 4 ot oP, { * Jit, i Pa vi 1 A ‘ ;'.4 is ( P , y ager 4 A Be a ay / a hi , F { whitd H ( yet a f ij ) i4 yt y f fi ‘a ‘ 7 ii f ten Si et nett Yt Z i ; at ’ f s Ud Ge pM fo O LL er Tet I ee pen a 4 a i r. é > GOyr TORY "SOCK PusSAer nf Ee an f f . TOMS (Crushiip Tol Ack 4 ‘iF QP yh two COMm Dp & pT MCNT ttf tee ; 4 ‘ Ae) ¥ us | ¥ ot Steny . | 0 oe ‘he 1ST 50 yoef wet Be hs wigan ay yh sre eB if his s if CAtah PCy OE yc, (ie a A Bd ies gt 2 feurtite j-yr TP ; Tat hin Raed dene - df \ =“ A hm j -—-—->- peat! to eh. ‘ pub dry he ps Na) hilPorr gg A/p | ~omecivmemenee () y | a iN Be Le 4 LADS, /t? fe j iy | } wk a | | Concentretine. 7ab/e re a eee —s v = acd | : Se ee v Yy [ | : | | , } \ ; — /, ; fn, Py as M4 | allen! LAOS Coa is ig hes 7 | | 3 ! Ne Ne ¥ ‘ | Revere: i | Flow sheet for caper . af Cry CK > BF / ros’ ieee j Hee om , , | oN SAAC AIO CIPANITE hoi Ue} l-Purite ‘ | fm * ra —_ , “ae TS TL RL EE RE A i ce ee sited ph hetec ay earthy to : Pobesnintioniye: Vane Ger bene tow neon yet ' par iak F , {es j " a Ot i ES yn ia a Ly’ pany habryhirive. ke pen rnp i \/ A raed tte Nie ees einaly mmm Hand picked pyrite Yaw erigher pasar 7 ' ] A i | | waa | Efevator i rs ay Di So ES Y 4, | Clean coarse eee ane dca LSS Pyrite : dapat ¥ AG BoD eS gh gS opening Dp od gpeict at, i NiTtley fable re Stas 7a Hines Concentrare ab 085 ¥ Concentrales meet | \Ad told //. are ES aN ney oY" | —_ | Clean COA Reach #) ; Screen/ags S'Ze (far ise) (Re aie Byci te | oS PR Ea eSNG Rg ney et Ret oa eshilemeeal nie et ee ery “ 7 | | Clear COB Ready! Py aly Yo AG 17/77 | Cp Li7 No. 5 Nut tar usev ¥ Py rh tte : aaa cian Barn ee a fa) cay farShigment) wa fer seffliemens - oe tia as 3 Sluclge (to waste) Cledrwater __ _y! Simp Heed How sheet Pyrite-Coalconcen tration (After Eat Bureau oF Mines ) Pile. te TIT. sd * be “fF Ti * ; ial 41>. aah * _ wv bid yy ih PNY hy 1 ) s} eG ty 4 a ii ae , w oe can He «> , awh ar - We | hw h A 4 ee ae Re H 44 ; ” a " it, . ta of ‘ & ss f 14) Be rte Ay ” ad . ‘ * { ye ; Wa riba bad ati | “we Rats yy ‘ _ 7) ui a, Att we 4. Ae Pay NYS) Bee. ‘ ES 19 - igi festg 7 Fi i via ‘ 1 * ae vy % uty : i ‘ anes Wn] a ‘ bpm tdi Smee vows a AAD Fad ra Was HY ab: % Siute 5 ole ey» 4 eae a 228: fee HPAP i i , % ' ' nd a TR TAS ale) Sigel TAN aa ; vo. pi Ses Bee stink Ae : . Z i Ly i ‘ y i“ \ are we ete . Se P) : A rh’ = j Ai a) “es or from $3 to $5 per ton. , Offers for uncleaned waste material have been made at $2.50 per ton, Well cleaned washery pyrite at present (1918) is stated to bring $4.50 a ton, These figures are given to Show the general trend of prices which will run from $2.50 up to probably $6.00 or $8.00 according to circumstances, Pennsylvania is conveniently located with respect to markets for’ pyrites, sulphuric acid being manufactured in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City, Syracuse, Ni Y., Buffalo, ’N. Y:, Warren, Pa., Cleveland, Ohio. ; Natrona, Pa,, Beaver Falls, Pa., Cincinnati, Ohio, Fairmont, W. Va., and many other localities within reasonable dis- tance. Most of these manufacturers are not using coal pyrite now Simply because they have not been able to secure a well cleaned product, low in carbon, With a properly constructed. concentrating plant, turning out a clean product, especially in the fine state, there is no reason whatever why coal pyrite should not be purchased and used in place of other types, In fact, one authority on the use of pyrite believes that properly cleaned coal pyrite iS superior to what is known as "ndén-cuprous washed fines" from Spain. Concentrating plants properly built by individual coal companies, by several companies cooperating, or by outside companies who may_ purchase crude pyrite from various mines, ought to be able to produce &@ salable product at a good profit. Occurrence in Pennsylvania, The distribution of pyrite throughout the coal beds is so irregular that general statements are hard to make. A bed may be free from pyrite in one district while in an adjoining district it may be one of the most pyritiferous of all the beds. Again, where several beds are mined in one district, some may be extremely sulphury and others free from sulphur, The principal coal beds in Pennsylvania with their letters or Other designations are as follows: Pittsburgh Upper Freeport (E or Lemon) Lower Freeport (D or Mosghannon) Upper Kittanning (C’or Potbed) Lower Kittanning (B or Miller) Clarion (A7) Brookville (A); The lower coals, Clarion and Brookville, are the most likely to be high in pyrite and are usually "dirty," that is, high in "bone" and Slate. The Freeport and Kittanning coals are variable, the Lower Kittanning coal being generally higher in sulphur than the others, the Pittsburgh coal is generally low in sulphur, with the exception of the area west of the Monongahela River and bordering on West Virginia and Ohio, where some of it is rich in sulphur balls. The most promising fields for pyrite production seem to lie near anes yee AV OT Va J j on a ‘ ‘ i ani i 1 : ; arr ; : + uy : her re t 4 wes, oAbe } jae 6 A y 4 J 1 4 ? ey BV vhs i ; 4 , } hoe oie & y * te 5 oo ? ee rit feat a eee ay if v ¥ ht ee ) \ x Lt ss A aah ol, tary r,) s . hv #, ' 7. ay. ; ey * ry ‘ ' . ‘ hg i 77)" ew AL A. L o f 4 ae cl anes ihe he ate ‘ r Y c & La) ~ Stn deh Wd " : %. > ¢ a ay \ i vs ‘ ; } i Se 4 * 7 , “a ‘« * - V = ‘ a\4 y 4 ' , n be ’ tng ise ve ; ‘ ' ¥ e | ty rahe Ga Og RIN ‘ + ’ “h Hy. AE ae di } mae pe My " Vex U2 pels ' Ay My y a Z 4 » oa ET Fs i vei ; At Wy ‘ eh fer 3 os ney Te Sa ean §: +f yy, ays soial Siete ie . \ fi ath dan Pb ie bea hone Peet, 1s a he ¢ A f ‘ : ve aa | 4 hay, i i } ee } . Peay sa ib ’ Ba Waa SPREEN 6001 F i weld ' | a leeans ie ee | ines a iy 4 ‘ ALN | : Lae ea Wasi Se ie wus ; . v . f DL ee, Deki Bere’ “ Ty | es PS ; ts : para AS 7 ed + . » rs, bik ete A sd i ay cB Ge | yy. a iene 4 a a ih } 7 ' i a SL ff wt , Ph At ; - a is | 1s v “ls ’ ts ‘ ’ he OF Aur ee 38. ee 4 , a baer 4 > * 3 a I Rar A! 2 ’ - ‘ a Cee Pideer Gem, BON an nT ele Canaan AA . ae i A Tee ie ae & iy yy * 3 fin “oe Nae OMS \ ¥ 4 4 = ¢ f | - I A ae , _ o! kt ie etd * The § “yf ibs + l, se q Aes, es My ee wth tae iy @fe een ary , - - PS yey p r uy Alp 5 Pa oe 4 = sis ve x ‘t rs ; / ‘a! eet af et i suds ee ar are ar iow s Pe “rel m o 3 - Tike ih ; . 4 vt nal \* iy Ney: ae coe be Me ’ 1 TAS.14 nih 7 et o- bd * 4 . * ink . ‘ } a fhe bse Th 7 A at - ° ' / . : MY i hy hg non 'y Vik 4 ee ae : al + , i, é * I é th deg ‘ 2ouy @*! setgee Vie Shee 4 ee ie * . ‘ of ¥ - fs §' a ss - we Al an i ry, « , ft at? Pen Beer kt ty F inh *. pues - aa reer ye ae | F fl \ if 1 : ‘ Aw Ph eee ae ‘Se ’ Lh tat 4 ‘ Le hy 4 f ; } ; j ' * YR ei ee aie a 1 , ae) eee hey be a { ; . ; ‘ 4 vr) j ( ‘ i, ( uy allt - * ; f : ' ahh te i ay i Saws ‘ “ite, j i i f ? 3 x ‘ ; Fy oat mene { Anh Tent ‘ pare ‘ a | ‘aif ee Fs ky. hae Bi » Dial Rata ri fis] ; iw id ‘ Dea ern Lie 3 a ar wh i) ds og eae vy 6 ed bia " van , : Vag oe ne 3 ? ue ie Ww . «, ) ae bi het h ie allie | ‘i | : 4 i f ; a 2 2 re At P ; ed ‘ “ey hs > iy eo rv f 3 ie Fe iow Ave : 4 4 4 as yw r w 7) aN Sed i} sip keer leh Mies eae di + ’ { > be bind) oi? ae ‘° ‘ fi ; ‘ 7 ‘ Lad on, = os i ® ? { 3 : ; AVA : : ‘ Wala ecty i *), ) , r4 | se Mr ut we ds | A u eid d ‘ A my hen . : ! } . 6 it) yas mn) wiles. ‘ § » q } ‘ - of my AW, . “ - : tae t F Td ore wien i ep ex ive yi ry As few’; : ee i ‘ { ar as uu aa i ios - j 4 - * ct \ f be ‘ Yeupre hg g Ash Oey uf pe es oom) : is ; MI 44 ae . b Less ; a ‘ bles 4 h ; , ‘ o on YN ; y > dee eet id. end al ; ' i i Hy sere a . \ fae ‘ Ave ve . d & ey ure bith sO } ; : R th | hae rf of Lie ab Hohe "|: ue a Rh | j tM } pene: ; ‘ bye . ; q ‘ (| i iy 4 F vi if a ANA MD) i v wk ui! Jia f ‘ ian Ah Pika bead: a mcsstet sacs GC DRA e RA Hi oun’ pean vee sein OM sg RE RRS a: Pemba mt ken °F sh Pat * r " » ie |, re t ve ‘ . 2 ih ih i ie ‘ ' ye Waser wee 7 dec, Cap iMate ; Nae, q1 i” 1 } i : PRY UE PA SY eee ‘ * ee wy 4 ' i SUES ei ee i. / é ‘ haat ih 7 mA Uys Maat aoa sale le f al i ob ‘ps a ' } - 4 . aft , Wis 5 ei , ; j ; + ; Tay erty tt a tid P hi ) Plate IV. AO TR Taian ‘ae | | | Vine Br agerren : ie KE AN a ed vs = | WARREN. | Smeihport™ aN } Lay { erm AA FORD: |! | | | f Dye can a lit teh ee Fee Stam AS Us tee po | ae | ae | i \I-. iS ‘ 4 . ‘ ie ; ‘ . \ a ne Rte ah ae ns sa Wisse F Om Sine (ts : gE Sa a ICAM ON ; | Franklin hee ON aU LN iid eat Stonebore ly VE N ANG oO i | i (rajPa ffus Mines md | ety a a B aaa : al ae g° hice, PA ne ce oe ; oe ee enon yeepemgon TC Se 6 nardus in OU E ~MHelvetia lear Lag Py ) Se Sg Oe a FIELD ge: ; 2 Vint mm Phillipsburg ‘ Yo EP lalate on Ws a 4 Butler ARMSTRONG! Kittaanin ae Ha ah A NON / 16 mura lyrne yr | e | i e cap IE Joana RIA My A ty ee en Bee * woe caret BLAIR Is, i aS: Fase 1 eGueny | mera io Wehfine sist el enspire\ a a Pilgaat a y MLS Virtopeehesthenty an EBS ur gertstown Cone! A is Re CS AWESTMORELAND, // . a | Gate rue uemens bur ATA ins: eae WASHINGTON O% oh Sy AN et ne py } » os ' rise ; if / rae ee fy a = awe Ti Sy taf i ae, 3 spigceache: A Vay” } ( Ex ene Pao Nr ep ; : Somerget ‘cali Meee Dr ORD aa AY ET aye OMERSET C9 7 a ae ae Uniontown] . AD \ ; eh | \ ’ oan | ; 1 ere AN - , { cx re 3 pene ele ee ee ee EAR ARS (ant SOA ATSC ROS akin OU aNe eR pe } H Coal - RRA te, localities in western Pennsylvania eens ; Xk Py, Neate ay we anor PRET IE HY ‘ eee AUR MLTR A aR tie 5 Ke Oe ‘ of sip CT He te the northern, northeastern and eastern margins of the bituminous basin, or in the small sub-basins or synclines into which we find the main field-divided as we pass around its margin. On this account Clearfield, Elk, Jefferson, Butler, and Mercer counties furnish the best possibilities. . Description by Districts. (Locality numbers refer to corresponding numbers on map, Plate IV). 2 Stoneboro, Mercer County, (Ioa. 1) Here, on the northwestern margin of the bituminous coal field, the Brookville coal is mined by the Mercer Iron & Coal Company. ‘Their larger mine, No. 7 is a shart: mine, about 15 miles west of Stoneboro on a branch of the New York Central Railroad, Practically all waste material {bone and pyrite) is brought to the surface with the coal and is carried over picking tables where ten men throw out the waste and later separate the pyrite from the bone. The pyrite or "sulphur" occurs in plates 1 to e inches thick and averaging’possibly 6 inches in diameter, with an occasional ball of fist size, which is less pure. The plates are Slightly laminated and of a dull yellow color, From a production of 600 tons cfitoal daily they recover 4 to 5 tons of pyrite and 12 tons of waste (bone and slate), This mine is the only one in the State which continually ships pyrite. For ycars the company has sold pyrite to paint and‘chemical companics, heir success should be an incentive to others, for this coal is no higher in sulphur than many other mines in the Brookville bed or mines on other beds to be described later, Argentine ~ Hilliards District, Butler County, (loc, 2) Along the Hilliards branch of the Bessemer and Leke Hrie Railroad in northern Buticr County there arc a number of mines working the Brook- Ville ’*coal, which in parts of the region is a double bed 6 to 8 feet thick, the division being marked by a fire clay binder, ‘Tho lower bench carries the platy pyrite in large quantity, and the upyer bench Carries the ball’ pyrite in lesser amount, ‘The ball pyrite is the purer of the two, The Standard Coal Mining Company, at Miller's Crossing, Brings but little pyrite to the surface except when driving headings, when they may bring out daily 20 tons of waste, one-fourth of it pyrite, This would make it appoar possible to get 5 tons of pyrite a day if it was not gobbed. No use is made of it at present. The Goff-Kirby mine, owned by the Butts Cannel Coal Company of Cleveland,:works the double Brookville bed, and with a daily pro-’ duction of 400 tons of coal brings to the surface 4 tons of waste, about one=half of which is pyrite, Should they install picking tables (and the writer understands that since his visit in July they have) and bring out all material now gobbed, they could probably produce 6 tons of pyrite a day. These two aré the most promising mines in the district for pyrite production. From them and the other mines, should the nee arise, the district could probably produce two car loads or 100 tons tahoe ala Sue RAliay (AR NE em LL py , . q f oe ve ‘. ‘ > t ‘ ‘ L\ : ‘tT t * ' wie} b { t , 4 tere i 7 Pye aA i ¢ : j 1 ‘ ] . \ i ' Ay i j * ' i \/ ' ‘ \ ’ i { ' iA : / : id i x { i b } shel af ‘ . v f / ‘ wer F i Ay ' ne j ’ J ‘ t Ld 4 ry ’ Pde ‘ i eof cs iy wt t 1 ) 4 Ay , 3} ' Py j \ b me ls ‘ ) ail a { Cin bys a7 At i hv} COME Rue LED i i x satin wese rt Tha est f apc a Tie RA na ett 1 Vibe i 1a : ,| RE ay Wve ‘ wy : 4 ef) il d 14 ue i ola i j 5 . : AES < ‘ i haan ae R : ; Mbit r : OAL pee WS ' 1 Ga! ‘ Ave ty - 4 lak BS ee tah Le i ‘ i] ipl ‘ . : \ h . i} t , I * ; 4 } aed lad : ade Fie ad BA ie Gain WA) Me oat 2 RE a Yi ; ier NEC RA ihe vd hil Fra Carns ey, bagel, ee NRE, CJ) aed Le: i f ‘ 4 y a j p u i 1) Ve Ry id rei P A yr pil WU ft Pay ‘ 4 RA : ‘ hewn vo ws - Note) Aan ae ] Wega a ed f take f ’ t : 4 j rT. ’ ea y sire ak Ne i ‘ na eee) gee aa; el be if pyr Ti a t Be pees ’ ies es ee? en ee Wate Ya * tik ‘ A Pat ity f { a he hl ae Mae Ena VA a vere Noa thi { Beat ny SOE IKE VE he. RRR RARER, NEN * ; ¢ 1 ' y R ; AoA , i " Wy ee Oy BR kle sy =) i We y "ale ae om i git oh i iy mi seahiol i i { Foyt eed Meet ue TNE AR ae) SN en Babee N ae ht’ H i Fy ‘ Tek ik hy, ; « ! y Cyn \ iy ( i ee RUTARD VALS 82 ud Ab ae Neer ee v fi | Leh mate sear yh kM ‘ ‘ f s ! 7 a i P F - Un ee yee ee Ry inde ie Gly nts fer oR ad) the us ih Vd. eh) tr i 1455, ae siiles ee aa | ° 5 : a ea i'd ig i T : x , i ’ ; \ or j tA it ¢ { ie ee a +e ry : a a ie , bi wee ; v ae py or gut f , ty aT | t wma . fi ' prea A Ne we | 4 4 \ ‘ , % aw) ' i q U k Woes lel Daly May Pe ior y nie TT x } ‘ NEN ¢ Le iy oY rh Wey 7 ia % 4 ry td i Po - \ Ri Natl ; f ree el \ yf 8 ied vi viap ei - m Wn * ‘ ry ” / \ \ ha i ’ if ; t , ee F : » + . Ny A 5 44 / " Lo an 4 ‘ . , haa : i! ‘ \ ; s eet fae ig ors ta ron Pe ait Wi Pay Oe ' i ‘ ’ ' } Ws y ' h \ i # ( 4 ) i : ’ Wy gy ay xR A y ’ Hitt ay whe 4% . Al t , ¢ * * * a q j x | } 4 f ny « : Pate 4 i A \y f ¥ b bd 4 vs \ : 1 ; ‘ " e i ’ , j . fv, ge agt © ye os ‘ ; 7 F “ A y " Tao , Me Y : | eer ; + Wd } Py Le] r “er / ’ ty te Lie Ot RI ; ae 9 MCN ) } wih Me A "i P , Me i te ; r ie J 4 , Md f iy, ne det ‘ 7 4 ie ie heyy bts 7, Mi \ “ i, ad mv ; be al ad } (edu me hon hw of pyrite a week. ‘ Monterey District; Clarion.County. (Loc. 3) North of Red Bank, on the Allegheny River, are a few mines whose sulphur content is high. At’Sara Furnace (Catfish) is the Glenora mine of the Hagle Coal Company, producing daily 275 tons of coal from the Lower Kittanning bed. They have no picking table and no effort is made to’save the pyrite, which occurs as 3-inch plates, somewhat laminated, and as l-inch plates of better grade, Should the attempt be made to save all + the pyrite, they could probably produce a carload (50 tons) a week. _- Just north of Sara Furnace is No. 1 mine of the Keystone Mining Company, producing 300 tons of coal daily from the iower Kittanning bed, Their waste piles show pyrite similar to that at the Glenora mine and a similar production of one car a week of pyrite could probably be maintained, . é - Going on up the river, the next mine showing much pyrite is that of the Monterey Mining Company, one mile south of West Monterey. The daily production is 300 tons of coal from the Glarion bed 36 inches thick. Pyrite balls up to 50 pounds were seen, though the average was fist size balls and lenses one inch thick, fhe pyrite balls appeared firmer and purer than those found in the Lower Kittanning p bed. Probably two cars of pyrite a month could be produced by careful sorting, ‘Just north of West Monterey is the Church Hill Mining Company's mine, operated by the Monterey Mining Company. A 36-inch bed of Lower Kittanning coal is mined with its pyrite content about the same as at Glenora, giffing a possible production of one car of pyrite a ‘week, From the whole district we could expect to obtain possibly four cars‘a week of hand cleaned pyrite. At present no picking tables are used, and what pyrite is brought to the surface is thrown on the dump piles. The district is served by the Pennsylvania Railroad, Allegheny Valley Division, ' Rimersburg District, Clarion County. {loc, 4) This district includes the mines of the Sligo Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroads The largest mine is that of the Acme Gas Coal Company at Rimersburg, Which has a daily production of 1100 tomb200 tons of coal from the Lower Kittanning bed. They pick from the cars‘15 tons of waste a day, Such waste being’75 per cent pyrite balls, three-quarters of it Streaky and laminated, one-quarter of it fairly solid plates, This would give a production of 12 tons of pyrite a day. The pyrite is of three types; a l-inch plate lying near the roof and carrying adhering bone; a-2 to 3~-inch plate of laminated material which whitens and disintegrates rapidly; and knotty balls of bright pyrite, The other mines of the district work the same bed and produce a Similar pyrite. It is estimated that each one of the following can produce one car a month: Sterling No. 3 Mine, Keystone Mining Co., Penn,, Mine, Acme Gas Coal Co,, Cherry Run Fuel Co. at Huey, Lawsonhan Coal Co., Lawsonham, ea ie ea ita) DAEIAL P sah 1 rt: +i : i 3 +; \ PAT on thy } ' ai» myer) NEY Wine is eR, Pn rai ee ttt > CP bt A Pe eh G Ae wihhew “i (ip ' i 4 } \ b i , Mas | nt i ‘aS 8] RG, ps ‘ ’ ‘ ¥ > ‘ 1h : * . y ’ ; Wa ‘ » 4 Nes i : iy Yuy } i} Lb i ai © ra r ! * , i 19 4 4 is Sa Ue MUR aR Ria ee wh re. ; ' 7 19 bdo fing fh; 7h 5 rf ' i 45 gf wa 4 a | - ‘ } Ay} i 2 t fi ty t f \ 7 eon i ' \" ' aan ' Ns ' Pt aN . ahs Wile d ty bh fi H ri : ni { i A hah ue vies i Hy at +t) F va i \ “ 7 | : \ p a pn. \ i” : At Ne Dine bd fa OF , j \ ; f ; fi ' f, } j { 5 hy eae ‘ ; ' f vel AAR Pie hi ie ‘ 7 et ri anit y ' if f : 4 ; : Wis i y ow fe akin Poul ree Pt Se ret Oy + t { ' , 34 UY iy Ha LP 5 7 . - mw, . } r wat ae ote ‘ home A Lah es ‘ 49,9 ‘ ( ie ira Be et eek ike % Val n J ‘ ; WAN IES Be 4 } ‘I F uv it eee Oe ak i 4 oO u ( ‘ : ‘ } Piya aren hae Teh hire Lh. pelt ah VA i F é i , } 4 rs en am : ” : v) bw Pe é ‘ ; t . f 7) x ae x ‘ . ty oy — *, i Ms ‘Cj’ nr by a ix ? a) yak’ x i } A { i oe a * a? F y ty es f + sal iy Ay : x i if P ‘ { j by h ’ gee a, oy aay ny. Ha Shad ¥ ai rab Lat ; . ; ie Aa x 4 Ay. ont ad Whos Mace Sy yi plied Wig) yh WO Deiat Fai eae an Re 5) } § net Fr S', ' At a MEE MER LP Pe, Wn ate Ce : fs iy i ; j > a \ f L 60. 2G tae se ll a, % 4 \ ' Ph yk ENS OMIT a AS wih a \ ’ pod uh , ) j xb Pease eu bah ei ace ea: wh ‘ i J \ she s ‘ > + yy 4 ) a - 5 Sy ithe , ; . i ; ‘ : , AA , FP ahah GUEAY Oe WoL ' Ny " G , aS) La 4 tds ?) é ‘ ; 4 ARTE ne ’ 4 RERR Gen Ont me he! A. Pd a a vii { *” Pig (AN bivihe 1 Va oy aa 14a ' 4 + , ty ; ; 9 hat Wal Se att ® rtp he ; W 6 ° / pee leiy ' i ' oe ; ee f “Al “we ' ¥ . i ‘ at ne Ls ein { } ‘ ‘ yf, : . ioe NRL) Oe | I bt oy rauaee - Ye avy fi cate ‘ y sm © Ld ) ‘ vt ' Oike eg ‘ Aoiall ‘ i J ‘ y | ; ' e sociied one | ° AL ia ‘ se Ma i ive jae ‘ i t t v a i eae ’ 4 : : . 1 ry heey i y rr | i ay A o i iL, : ‘ trp U oh. ‘ . \ an Blige abo Fa f } Vi Th 7 4 , GAS | nia re? Une Nae Tee Eos i} any, iA As } . = , Po ek ae b sf N a t ¥ I y IH Nie " 7 i 1 V he A i ; i ; ' a ih ey ) t a \ Phan Noe aha | * ‘ at ‘ 0 ae 4 hy , "ie oY | bib Rei el ' ay ‘ i iy MN i fy ( f ne AYE hee \ Mal ‘ in ied hat gle Avolar's 1 } 7% v 4 ua , : ‘9 t ‘ P a bid } CRC Set ayo Na | | | ; ' = dnd Le a LONGUE MSI AR Bh tlh 5 aN NOR A ee ; is f ‘ ay Wytjetoct k x Is 4 ' 5 ¥ a § 1 A ; : ‘ ¢ 44 it ; i ; y 4.) a’ ; 4 bt J y is wer ' fe 7 a ’ ; M4 A As F 4 j ie) Pia ane pele UT ae ' Y te Oo 7 i . {?) 4 i Boyt, } H F ‘ | id : These, with other small mincsthetween Rimersburg and Sligo, y could together produce 15 cars of pyrite a month. Picking tables are’ as yet untried in the district end only hand picking from the cars 158 used. “The Acme and the Cherry Run Fuel Company have waste heaps on hand from which considerable pyrite could be obtained. Conifer District, Jefferson County, (Loc. 5), South of Brook- ville, on branches of the Pittsburgh, Shawmut and Northern Railroad, are a number of mines operating on the Brookville bed, which is very Sulphury. There are also operations on the Lower Freeport, which is free from appreciable pyrite, ie The Pawnee Coal Company, at Nurman, works the Brookville bed, 4% to 5§ feet thick, and has a daily production of 500 to 600 tons. The pyrite occurs as % to + inch plates of high grade, and lenses of lower grade up to 24 inches thick, If the pyrite were properly saved they could no doubt produce a car a week. The Allegheny River Mining Company also produces a large quantity Of Brookville coal at Conifer. The sulphur content is much the same as the Pawnee mine and they should be able to produce evey-more pyrite - possibly two cars a week. These mines, with other smaller mines, should give for the district a possible pyrite production of 10 to 15 cars per month, Pardus District, Jefferson County. (loc. 6). The Panther kun Coal Company at Pardus, 4 miles east of Reynoldsville, mines the — Lower Freeport Coal, and has a daily production of 500 to 600 tons. They throw from the cars s. considerable ball and plate pyrite and a smaller quantity of laminated material of lesser value. In all, however, it is not likely they could furnish more than one car load per month, ’ nelveura. Ulearfie ld County, ( loce 7). The mines in the vicinity of Dubois and Punxsutawney are generally free from pyrite. The only one visited which could produce much pyrite was the mine of the Rochester and Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Company at Helvetia and stanley,~south of Dubois. The bed mined is the Upper Freeport. At Helvetia, about 200 pounds of pyrite are picked from the cars in & hours from a production of 1200 tons of coal, the greater part or the pyrite being gobbed below, In all, from both mines, not more than two cars of pyrite per month could be expected, Tyler«Byrnedale District, Clearficld-Hik counties. (toc #rom Tyler, on the Driftwood Division of the Pennsylvania kai east to Byrnedale on the Pittsburgh, Shawmut and Northern, arc 2 number of companics mining the Lower Kittanning bed, which runs from 9 to 3 feet thick and carries considerable sulphur. The Cascade Coal & Coke Company, at Tyler, has a mine with a daily production up to 1600 tons and operates an efficient washery and coke plant, The coal as mined passes over+a belt and the large lumps of pyrite are removed by several boys. This coarse pyrite, amounting to 6 tons per day, was formerly hand cobbed and sold. The coal and finer pyrite are washed on bumping tables, the pyrite going off with the waste as fine pyrite and up to l-inch lumps. Fro 1000 tons of coal they get 120 tons of waste. Tests made at the Burcau of Mines Experiment . re tae j 4 a r f ' diy We ae a a mt Te ) his Bah OR aS ‘Jaa aoe. Wy ibe preritensnd \ Wi ge On Vi 88 A Bi Pe hey aha Ply LEOPARD De « ; 'y : Mie . ; r'\ Vive h a \ by ai WOR lady AL vue 9A) y h Len | } ] Renae we \ , x y 4 TMT uN : NEMS Rs wnhe AT Aa Uh patti GR} r I i ’ " 4 ; ! » { ‘ ' er \ ts t , Py Mes aay f ‘ ' ty Ay ‘ j . » * hey va cus pug hy ‘ dan Va : Wd Ds ' ¥ » 7 ) , ' \ ¥ We: HA i\) wa \ AY | ' H ’ ‘ ; \ .! , j " t - | 7 > i f * d ; mh vi 4 a onin ‘ f ' { i | ’ ay Oe | 4 i ‘ h SA OMe NN MRT Ie aL he : : } / ‘ APN ddal We j Ue) ? \ A , \ . i iP LN . : ' - .) , ue i y / \ ii Tube? \ H ‘ ih wn 4 M y \ EY raha ie Pre . wf ‘ \ Fie f a ey je Vey \ / Wis Ata hiwdt ae y a irr yey { HK ge tRe See A. j } Pe if 4 rae i 1 * ‘ wat Ne * ; ‘ ° fi i Cok |r aR ee Sida! Ole , Fe ay At “ } 1h as ty ' ij i" ’ \ , ‘ tay si pl nln in ew \ ; Ai R j ANE aes AT d , { H f { t ’ at t j ) " ; ie aay nals : | Vay nD MEN 4 Gh i 7 a) ‘ - y R 1 a > 7 ‘ ; \ Vay Ki We ' ay A Maha 4 \ iia) / , 1 Ma Pie hy 4 } ‘ ‘4 ty iis 1 7 f ij i) Flat 7 j \ r ; int { au 4 Fats oF Ly t » ¥ P bane i “f ‘ 3 © / MT (| hy iy | { , A Moi ii wit ; fey Y i ; Yas amie er er) y he fl aged vil %) RLY, Baty bart Pk i Ra : Wi bape it ead “iN Aye Anny elaiaialdaviopy dep hig , pies AVA wene | ’ ; : py ‘i bay, 5 " i 1 LifuSee ; | 4 4 \ TRS OSL ge Ban | rey Mey ae ypee| yf iy a aie 47) ava OA A A Mw) “i Loa VNAE a va iB) eee Ah by EL gt Wale Phahn in ay as Wing OPIN We Ri ‘ Phy ah ans MET lay 1) i t j ¢ + OF h if 4 k / Wy ) { 4 h i) “a i ; J j abt: ‘ , u/ PAN 4 j ‘ i Anan eiteDt 7 i Ve ; Ce aaa 1 eae f fe r j yh) 1 aoe i" ST ah wAT ty - j ‘ Joc PA MIN DUES Ty E TL) fe HERR CP ea / y ua ¥ dha Wie VAL PAA A 4 Aape Ens - Cp ee HE RAR Mer K ij y 4! iG ¢ ‘ Station at Urbana, Illinois, indicate that from 120 tons of waste i% is feasible to extract 2t least 48 tons of pyrite running 40 per cent sulphur, | East of Tyler the Shawmut Mining Company operates a mine at Force (or Major). The coal from various drifts is hauled’to one tipple. The pyrite does not secm sc abundant as at Tyler, but with the installation of a picking table at the new tipple now under con- Struction, it is likely that some pyrite will-be available. The same compeny operates mines’3l and 42 at Byrnedalc, a station four miles east on the Pittsburgh, Shawmut and Northern Railro2d. The cool is the Lower Kittanning and runs 3 to 33 fect thick,’ The pyrite is irrcgularly distributed as small lenses end balls, some cuts showing nonce; others scveral hundred pounds. At present only a part of the pyrite is brought to the surface and picked from the cars,’ If the pyrite was carefully saved, preferably on a picking table, each mine could produce one car a week, Theo maximum cmount obtainable from the ce district with proper equipment would probably be 10 cars a week, 3 , f Dapus District, Elk County. (Loc, 9), About 10 miles north of the Tylor district lies the Dagus district. Here we find the coals thin and very rich in pyrite. The principal mine now working is the No, 3 of the Northwestcrn Mining & Exchange Company. The coal, which is the D or Lower Freoport, ranges from 2 fect 6 inches to 3 fect. On or near the roof is 2 very persistent plete of lominated pyrite ¢ inches thick which is sometimes removed but often untouched, There are also scattered through the coal pyrite balls and lenses from ¢ inch to 3 inches thick, with an average for the whole mine of possibly # inch; Making due allowance for irregular distribution of the pyrite, it seems probable that, with 2 production of 900 tons of coal daily, the mine could produce 50 tons of pyrite, and that if they were’ to mine all of the roof pyrite the adxily recovery might be 75 tons. At present no attempt is made to save pyrite and only 2 portion Of it is brought out and picked from the cars, The tracks are lined With heaps of pyrite waste, much of which (sever.l car loads) is still “fairly fresh. In spite of the lack of present ‘facilities for’‘saving pyrite, this mine presents great possibilitics, and there are, no doubt, similar possibilities in the region from Dagus to St. Marys The mine of the Provident Coke & Mining Company, at Kelly, works the Upper Freeport, here 3 fect thick, and encounters large pyrite lenses ealled stumps, 14 feet square and 3 to 6 inches thick in tho midcle. These are usually near the floor and give considerable trouble to the machines, Their distribution is irregular and estimates as to their quantity are difficult, but probably one ton of such balis could be Saved from 60 to 80 tons of coal, In addition, there arc’ fine pyrite stringers + to + inch in thickness 2t various heights in the face, ~~ the greater part of which could be saved only by washing the coal, lr He pase rl Nuit A They | 6 : ’ y was a hub He ¢ ’ ‘ iy ‘ 4 q 7 4 ? hy ‘ ~~ 4 ‘ ” 1 ' : $ a x \ Pe * 4 o } ‘ , ‘ # "i } , ‘ » , ) ’ - , . th 4 : a hae ill * R 4 gaat ‘ } vay IF ha ¥ ss + ‘ ; 1 § \ uy y : at y ‘ | \ ‘y | , , d } ‘ ‘ s . To ts \ 4 nny a ‘ ep a 7 ( ; , \ ; y PA a - TE ED Fe t vid eh ts ¥ ‘ f ' ‘ . ; ic Poet m fy Cae’ | \ . - ‘ q an tub ol oa ‘ Ay AS? HET es 7 Py : ¢ sabes as. fy 4 : Yon ‘ ' J ' of uy “ i ; h , t , } \ A \ 4 3 4 f i { ~ I ' " : ‘ "i % 4 hy ae py Dune. ¢, ; yi 2 “ i 4 ‘ . al F + %\ j ' 1 at 4 hol s, ( Wet 1d 4 ee, 8 } noi , wm y O } { { i vrard ” y d eo% i- % ' 7 ' ¥ ‘ Pitas! ; ‘ - i { hat é . A . i” p . La if : I ‘ ," ' on ' ’. ae ’ é . ~ ; ¢ { ty 4 Y: € ve * 4 | i ‘ wy nt) he ok | t Ma i f) “4 \ ' re, Way ‘ i igs at ae, : ? ] hi ti f § 1) ean j . i A A he Pat aw j u ’ id da se rom fe, 4 yoke) ag ry) TO Peas F fats ry = d : i} * " Ae fk, i ihe Boe Am) Gear Neath f vary! Pay yy ek Ae ead r : 4 f ‘ : PE ae G Sides % may eg) ag Aan: i oy ; t ' room t Mi ” i = Probably 3 tons of coarse materiel and 9 tons of fine (in washery) could be saved daily. The pyrite is of firm, excellent grade and stands exposure bettor than any‘seen in the State. No provision has been made for saving the pyrite, but the operator would save it or rework the gob if market conditions permitted, Other mines {such as — Johnetta Brick & Coal Company, No. 2) have similar’ pyrite and from the district probably 20 tons a day could be saved, Burgettstowm District, Washington County... (Loc.‘11). As before Stated the Pittsburgh coal is generally low in pyrite, but toward’ the Ohio line west and southwest of Pittsburgh it carries some pyrite. The quantity is small as compared with the Brookville and other coals in the northern districts, but there is a possible production on ati of the largo daily coal output and the care taken in cleaning Ly j , The Francis mine of the Greensburg-Connellsville Coal & Coke Company, west of Burgettstown, operates on the 66-inch Pittsburgh bed . and cleans the coal with 2 picking table tended by 6 boys. The picked waste amounts to 8 tons,’4 of which seem to’ be good lenticular pyrite, with the remainder slate, bone and siderite. Should they make an effort to load out all pyrite from the mine their daily pyrite pro- * duction might be 6 tons. There are many other mines in the district, and although some of them show little sulphur, proper picking equip- ment would probably make it possible for the district to produce 20 tons of pyrite per day. Clearficld County, A number of beds-are mined in eastern Clear- Ticiad County. The beds‘are generally thin, and-the individual mines have a small production, but the coal is high grade semibituminous, The famous Clearfield or Moshannon coal comes from the D or Lower Freeport bed in this district. The E coal, or Upper Freeport, “is also mined and below the D the B or Lower Kittanning and the A, which momeceri1on or Brookville. The H and D coals are practically Tree from’ pyrite and do not need to be considered. The B usually carries pyrite, Mhaie the A coal, as usual, is high in pyrite,’ There i's considerable confusion regarding identification of the beds, and A coal is often confused with B, or B with C, Madera District, (Loc. 12), Coal is’mined from the A and B * beds in the Madera district west of Osceola, The principal operator, the Liberty Coal Mining Company, has many mines. Among the largest of these is the Sylvania mine at Madera, producing 800 tons daily from the B bed, which is here 4% to 5 feet thick. With this produc-~ tion they could probably save 10 to 15 tons of pyrite a day if it * were all brought out on a picking table. The quality of the pyrite, however, is not so good as in some districts, one-half being laminated Plate and the rest firmer balls, @ to 2 inches thick. The Shoff minc, 1 mile south, carries even‘more pyrite, it being in plates and lenses 1/8 to 1 or 2 inches thick, averaging probably % inch. This could not all be extracted without washing. By hand picking probably 2 per cent of pyrite could be extracted from the total coal, which would give 2 tons daily. From these and other ee ces nea Ey. peed Pe eS be 4 irae ae F Beat at - , 2 . , ‘ ty ne ‘ { 5 n 4 “ teaeay 4 a ¢; han edi 2 ; , ; ‘ IRs: fae , P iv i , ‘ ' ‘ iy hi ’ ; “ * ; na) fr rn ¥e Ps He | Ls ere 5 j j ’ ; A " ui / a H ilee , ) we fe ‘ mines in Madera, Banian Junction south of HYoutzdale, the Whiteside Branch, etc., probably several tons of pyrite could be extracted daily. Philipsburg District. (loc,‘13), Along One Mile Run near Philipsburg-are a number of mines, Some working B coal, which is here non-sulphry, and others working A coal which is very sulphury. The last three’ mines up the Run work A coal - the Atherton and Barnes, Bloomington No. 14; and the J, F. Horn No, teen NA, 69. ' The coal.is 4 to 5 feet thick with a°2-inch Slate in the middle anda pyrite on the roof and near the bottom, In No. 9 the best ard most abundant pyrite is 2 continuous plate averaging 2 inches thick, in the roof coal which is le to 18 inches of bony coal not ordinarily mined, A smaller quantity of pyrite scattered throughout the coal in 1/8 to 4 inch Streaks is of minor importance since it could be saved only by wash- ing, ‘The plate pyrite shows over 44 per cent sulphur on analysis and the possibility of producing this quality on a commercinl scale hia been Shown, for, during a dull season a few years ago, the miners were Set to work cleaning out the gobbed pyrite, shipping several thousang tons to the Pennsylvania Salt Company at Natrona, An estimate of 25 c Winbumme District, (loc. 14). Between Philipgburg and Win- burne are a numbor of mincs working the B coal, but it does not appear to be high in sulphur, At Winburne, mine 46 of the Pennsyl- vania Coal & Coke Corporation produces 600 tons of B coal daily. Phe Gipple is equipped with Marcus screens and picking tables an C men are employed to remove the pyrite and other waste, They drop it into chutes which lead to hoppers for loading into mine cars. The daily waste amounts to 15 tons anda probably 9 tons of this is pyrite. But little change woulda be necessary in the picking table arrangements for the men to separate the pyrite from the other waste. Tests made on this material by the U. S&S. Bureau of Mines at its Experiment Station at Urbana , Illinois, andicate it is an unusually firm type of pyrite, very little of it going tO powder during crushing. When crushed to l-inch size an@é treated in jigs, followed by recrushing Some of the middlings to + inch and passing over a concentrating table, 62.3 per cont of the crude matcrial was saved as pyrite, analyzing 45.2 per cent sulphur. (See Plate Iii.) With large mines of the district; such as Ogle No. l and No. 9 of Peale, Peacock & Kerr and others, a combined ‘production of 100 tons of waste daily would probably be available, and a plant to handle such a tonnage Gould be built. | Coral-Graceton District, Indiana‘County, (Loc, 15). In this district, which lics south of Indiana, the Upper Freeport coal is Mined, washed and coked at both Coral and Graceton, At Coral the Potter Coal & Coke Company mine the lower two thirds of the bed for their washery end ship the upper third. Face samples run from 1.5 to 2.5 per cent sulphur, the upper third being most sulphury. The coal to be washed passes over a Bradford breaker: the fines are Carried to. five Deister tables, the waste from them over 2 Deister tables for reyashing, and the waste from the rowash over two more tables for experimontal extraction of pyrite. This final product consists of fine pyrite running 43.32 per cent Sulphur, 37 per cent mh DB ree