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E. FORREST, Adjutant Genpra? 
 
 Sons of Confederate Veterank 
 
 MEMPAIS TERN. 
 CONFEDERACY 
 
 AFTER 
 JULaw 4, 1863 
 
 9 
 
 AN ADDRESS 
 DELIVERED BY 
 MR. C. P. J. MOONEY 
 YN 5 ge Is 
 MEMORIAL DAY EXERCISES 
 IN MEMPHIS 
 NINETEEN HUNDRED THIRTEEN 
 
 MEMPHIS 
 
 WANTS THE 
 
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 IN 1915 
 
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29 Ap 18 a7; 
 
 THE CONFEDERACY AFTER 
 JULY 4, 1863 
 
 “This is to many of you a day of memory 
 and tears. We are gathered here to pay 
 tribute to those who died and to do honor to 
 those Confederates who live and to the cause 
 for which they fought. 
 
 ‘““The war is a half century gone. Another 
 generation, whose members are now in the 
 noonday of life, has been born since the flag 
 of the Confederacy was furled. The living 
 Confederate soldiers, the youngest of them, 
 are around three score and ten. 
 
 “T desire to-day, with your permission, to 
 call your attention to certain lessons of this 
 war which are now being studied by the philos- 
 ophers of history and certain facts in the 
 struggle to which military experts are giving 
 close attention. 
 
 “To the student of history, to the student 
 
 ‘af war and to the student of the endurance 
 
 of men, the history of the Confederacy pre- 
 sents some striking problems. 
 
 ‘““Those who are in the midst of things often 
 fail to see that chain of incidents which turns 
 the currents of human actions. The contem- 
 porary is not a good historian. He is inter- 
 esting in writing his experience and his me- 
 moirs. 
 
 “*T think this is a time when men who study 
 the progress of government and the progress of 
 civilization should begin to give attention to an 
 analytical discussion of the history of the 
 
Confederacy and begin to draw from it con- 
 clusion, in which they may be greatly as- 
 sisted by those Confederates and those Fed- 
 erals who survive. 
 
 “The history of the war has not yet Been 
 written. But when the commentator fin- 
 ishes his study of the Confederacy he will 
 give to the world a story of the most marvel- 
 ous struggle that men ever sustained. 
 
 “And he will wonder how it were possible 
 for the Confederacy to maintain itself from 
 July 4, 1863, until the disbanding of Lee’s 
 army at Appomattox in the spring of 1865. 
 
 “What matchless quality was it that en- 
 abled the soldiers of the lost cause to carry 
 the Confederacy aioft upon the points of 
 their swords through the year 1864? 
 
 ““The climax fact of the Confederacy is its 
 duration. With your permission I will 
 briefly discuss certain things in that period 
 of the Confederacy when by all af the rules 
 of war the trial of strength should have been 
 over. 
 
 ‘To my mind the fate of the Confederacy 
 was sealed at Vicksburg and ‘Gettysburg. 
 Then let us see how it was, and why it was 
 that this titanic. struggle lasted 22 months 
 longer. ee 
 
 Hour of the Supreme Striiggle 
 
 “Fifty years ago this month the Confed- 
 eracy was in the supreme struggle for its life. 
 
 “The strongest of the fortified places on 
 the Mississippi held by the Confederates was 
 Vicksburg. In the month of June, 1863, 
 Pemberton was shut in and Grant’s army 
 was pressing him from the east. The Fed- 
 eral gunboats were sending their messages of 
 death into the beleaguered city from the 
 reaches of the river. The Confederates had 
 not lost hope of relieving Pemberton by an 
 attack from toward Jackson. During the 
 warm days of that terrible June, Grant, hav- 
 ing learned the foolhardiness of direct assault, 
 set down to the less brilliant but more effect- 
 ive method of a sustained siege. The Fed- 
 erals held the river at New Orleans and above 
 Vicksburg. Johnson could not draw enough 
 
 4 
 
men away from the lines that protected the 
 Confederates’ northern outposts in Alabama 
 and Georgia to give him strength that would 
 enable him to strike Grant in the rear. 
 
 “The spirit of the men within the trenches 
 at Vicksburg was the same spirit that was a 
 peculiar mark of the Confederacy. ‘Those 
 who had studied the rules of war knew that 
 in the end there must be a surrender. All 
 during this month of June they fought on 
 with the same steady valor that marked the 
 Confederate whether he was charging to vic- 
 tory or defeat. 
 
 “In the east the Federals were uneasy. 
 In -every pitched battle, except that of 
 Sharpsburg, they had been beaten. Each 
 side claims a victory at Sharpsburg. The 
 student of history will probably call it a 
 drawn fight, for while McClellan held the 
 field and Lee withdrew, the Federal com- 
 mander did not pursue him. McClellan was 
 censured for this by the editor-generals of the 
 north and by the politicians who fought the 
 war from the safe recesses of the speakers’ 
 stand at barbecues. McClellan gave up his 
 command and those who followed him, when 
 they did attack toward the end of the year, 
 saw their armies cut to pieces on the heights 
 of Fredericksburg. 
 
 ‘“‘Another general, in the fall of ’63, did 
 what McClellan did in the fall of ’62, but he 
 was not blamed. Grant, however, had a 
 victory to his credit; McClellan had none, 
 only a drawn fight. The forces under Grant 
 beat Bragg’s army at Missionary Ridge, but 
 the Federals did not follow up the fight until 
 April of the next year. Grant in the mean- 
 time was transferred to Washington and the 
 work. of taking up the thread of war in the 
 west following Missionary Ridge was not 
 begun until Sherman started to Atlanta. 
 
 Gettysburg in ’63 
 
 “Fifty years ago to-day if the Federals 
 were gaining confidence in the west, they 
 were sorely troubled in the east. General Lee, 
 who was far-seeing, felt that a chance for 
 victory and for ultimate peace was an inva- 
 
 5 
 
sion of the North. Fora month before July 3 
 of ’63 his adversaries could not divine his 
 purposes. ‘They felt his army, but they could 
 not grapple with it. Their strategy would 
 have been to have fought with him in Vir- 
 ginia, but so eager were they to protect Wash- 
 ington that Lee crossed into Maryland with- 
 out opposition. And then the armies march- 
 ed in parallel lines. Hooker was removed 
 and it fell to the lot of Meade to fight Gettys- 
 burg. The place was neither Meade’s nor 
 General Lee’s choosing. General Lee knew 
 that a great army was in front of him and that 
 at some point in his march to the north it 
 would lie across his path. And the Federals 
 knew that a hitherto unbeaten army under 
 the command of a matchless leader was 
 coming headlong at them and that a victory 
 would result, not from superior bravery nor 
 superior marksmanship, not from the enthu- 
 siasm that with courage conquers victory, 
 but must come from force of numbers. 
 
 ‘You know the story of Gettysburg. The 
 invading army of the Confederacy spent its 
 force there. Sullenly the Confederates fell 
 back. ‘Leisurely they- retracedtherm steps 
 into Virginia. The Federals did not folllow. 
 The Confederates may have received their 
 death wound at Gettysburg, but they con- 
 cealed the hurt from the adversary. 
 
 Might Have Ended in ’63 
 
 “By all the rules of war Vicksburg and Get- 
 tysburg should have marked the collapse of 
 the aggressive fighting strength of the south. 
 The Confederate States were cut in two by 
 Federal armies commanding every bend of 
 the Mississippi River from Cairo to New 
 Orleans. The Federals had driven their line 
 down to North Mississippi to the Tennessee 
 River and to Chattanooga. Following Vicks- 
 burg and Gettysburg an offer of a settlement 
 might have been made. Jefferson Davis, the 
 head of the Confederacy, might have said, 
 ‘We have fought a good fight. The fortunes 
 of war are against us. What have you to 
 offer?’ 
 
“The Federal fleet was at the mouth of 
 every river that empties into the sea. Only 
 two Confederate flags were on the high seas. 
 One was borne aloft and defended with a 
 knightly valor by Admiral Semmes, who’s 
 own daughter every year is present in this 
 cemetery at this service and who to-day sits 
 on this stand. Later another Confederate 
 flag was unfurled on the ocean, was carried 
 into every sea by a band of gallant men, one 
 of whom has the honor to-day of commanding 
 the uniformed Confederates sitting in front 
 of us. Two Confederate ships could make 
 but small progress against a fleet which 
 could patrol the Atlantic coast from Maine 
 to Mexico with a line of ships so close that 
 one was always in sight of another. 
 
 ‘‘A cordon of Federal troops was drawn 
 from Arkansas, across Tennessee and up the 
 valley of Virginia. The only supplies that 
 could be imported were those that came from 
 intermittent landings of blockade runners. 
 The Confederate soldier could have surrender- 
 ed in July of ’63 and the world would have 
 said he fought a good fight. 
 
 ‘‘And the leaders from that time on knew 
 that the chances were against success and 
 the private soldiers had little hope of ultimate 
 victory. 
 
 “T desire to suggest for your consideration 
 this thought: The glory of the Confederacy 
 ismineits cereat.. cs Jaint. hope for success 
 was in sustaining a defensive warfare so long 
 that the patience and the spirit of the north- 
 ern soldier and the northern people might 
 wear away. There might have been a fur- 
 ther hope that conflicting political opinions 
 in the North would finally divide the people 
 and, aweary, they might be content to recog- 
 nizesthe.@onlederacy as“agseparate entity. 
 But to the glory of the Confederate soldier he 
 did not trust to these forces. 
 
 “He trusted his cause to the arbitrament 
 of the sword and he was willing to decide it 
 by shot and shell, by force of arms, if you 
 please, and not by the indirection of diplo- 
 macy. 
 
Victory After Defeat 
 
 “The marvel to me is that after Gettysburg 
 and after Vicksburg the Confederate soldier 
 had the heart’ to fight gf <hickamaue 
 And yet before the shouts of victory and joy 
 had ceased in the North, because of Vicks- 
 burg and Gettysburg, the Confederates 
 brought a magnificent fighting machine into 
 play against another Federal army, beat it, 
 captured thousands of its' men and all but 
 annihilated it at Chickamauga. 
 
 “Chickamauga, I believe, more nearly 
 struck terror into thé h@artssotsthe= brave 
 men of the north than any other contest. 
 
 “The First Manassas was a stampede. 
 There raw soldiers were matched against raw 
 soldiers. But at Chickamauga trained men 
 fought trained men. Skillful generals match- 
 ed their wits against equally skillful adversa- 
 ries. ‘The victory, by all rules of the game, 
 should have gone to the Federals. Instead 
 they found themselves beaten and shut up 
 in apelty. 
 
 Grant and Sherman 
 
 “The Confederate victory did not surprise 
 Grant and it did not surprise Sherman. 
 These men knew the character of their foes. 
 Sherman had taught school among them in 
 Louisiana and Grant had campaigned with 
 them in Mexico and in the West. Sherman 
 knew and Grant knew that so long as Mr. 
 Davis did not give the signal to give in that 
 a sense of duty would impel Lee and Johnson 
 and Hood and Longstreet to press on with 
 the same determination that would mark 
 them if they were going to certain victory 
 instead of certain defeat. 
 
 ‘There is bitterness in the South against 
 Sherman. Sherman may have been bitter 
 himself against the cause of the South, but 
 he knew the fiber of his foe, and while he 
 may have hated him for his cause, he respected 
 him for his knightly valor. There was no 
 hatred in the heart of Grant. He was a man 
 of clear vision. In dealing with the Confed- 
 eracy he weighed their valor, their determina- 
 
 8 
 
tion, and in the contest reckoned on these 
 qualities to cause the Confederate soldier to 
 toss his life away with the same reckless aban- 
 don as a boy throws away a flower. 
 
 “Grant should have annihilated Bragg’s 
 army at Missionary Ridge. He should have 
 pressed that soldier so hard that Atlanta 
 should have fallen at Christmas of ’63 instead 
 of at the end of the next summer. 
 
 ““And while these things were happening 
 in the West how fared it in the fall and winter 
 of .’63 with Lee He did not escape back 
 from Gettysburg into Richmond. He moved 
 in orderly and stately procession. Meade 
 followed at a respectful distance. Though 
 he may have beaten Lee at Gettysburg his 
 victory inspired in his breast no confidence 
 that he might beat him again. After Vicks- 
 burg and after Gettysburg the Federals 
 marked time during the winter until new 
 forces could be drawn up, until new supplies 
 could be brought in, until new troops could 
 be levied. 
 
 The Winter of ’63 
 
 ‘“‘How fared it this winter with the Con- 
 federacy There were no more troops to 
 be had. A few old men and a few boys step- 
 ped into the depleted ranks—just a few. No 
 nation sent its countless hordes as food for 
 powder through Southern ports into Southern 
 armies. When a soldier on the firing line at 
 Missionary Ridge or around the foothills of 
 Virginia was picked off there was no one else 
 to take his place. The army was reduced 
 that many. Grant, the mathematician of 
 war, who knew that victory would finally 
 come if two went out against one, bided his 
 time after he came out of the West until he 
 had forces sufficient to overwhelm his adver- 
 saries. ‘Then we find him moving against 
 Richmond in 64, taking the same route over 
 which three years previous another army 
 went out from Washington on a_ holiday 
 journey. Grant consumed a year in making 
 that journey. His army spent more than a 
 billion dollars in that journey: ‘They suffered 
 
 9 
 
a loss in killed and wounded of more than 
 100,000 men. On that journey from the 
 environs of Washington down to Appomat- 
 tox the army of Grant lost more men in killed 
 and wounded than did General Lee command 
 fighting men. 
 
 “And the same summer in the West Sher- 
 man began the 150-mile trip from Chatta- 
 nooga to Atlanta, a journey which you and 
 I can now make in a morning, and on every 
 mile of that journey there was a skirmish and 
 during every week of that journey there was 
 a battle. It is said that Sherman lost more 
 men in killed, wounded and prisoners than 
 were the number of Confederates that stood 
 up and responded ‘present’ to Joseph E. 
 Johnson’s roll call. 
 
 Memphis in ’64 
 
 ‘““And how fared it farther in the West? 
 In our own city of Memphis, how was it? 
 The Federals held the river. An army as 
 large almost as were the numbers on one side 
 at Shiloh was encamped in and around this 
 city. They sent one expedition out after 
 another and these were not mere parties of 
 raiders. ‘They were armies made up of every 
 desired unit—infantry, cavalry and artillery. 
 And every expedition was beaten back. 
 Finally, in the heat of the summer General 
 Forrest’s men rode through the streets of this 
 city and General Forrest himself stood at 
 bay near the State Female College, which is 
 only a stone’s throw from this spot. 
 
 “And after Atlanta, when Hood’s army 
 should have disbanded, instead of surrender- 
 ing it became an invader. Sweeping around 
 Sherman it struck out boldly for the Ohio 
 River as an objective. It began the invasion 
 of Tennessee and Kentucky, where a Federal 
 garrison was in almost every county. 
 
 Gettysburg and Franklin 
 
 “This summer Confederate and Federal, 
 at the invitation of the national government, 
 are to meet on the hills of Gettysburg and 
 join there as citizens of a reunited country 
 
 10 
 
in celebrating the valor of those who followed 
 Meade and those who followed Lee. Gettys- 
 burg is remembered because it is dramatic. 
 It was the crisis of the struggle. The eyes 
 of the world were turned toward that field 
 when Pickett made his charge and failed. 
 The Creator never put it into the hearts of 
 men to do more than did those Confederates 
 who for three days gave battle at Gettysburg. 
 
 “But let me say that the Confederate sol- 
 diers at Franklin gave an exhibition of cour- 
 age, endurance and daring which resulted 
 in an engagement unparalleled in the history 
 of warfare. ‘They assaulted an enemy as 
 numerous or more numerous than themselves, 
 having the advantage of being on the defen- 
 sive and having the further advantage of 
 temporary breastworks. And when all was 
 over, major-generals and brigadiers to the 
 number of six were killed. When morning 
 came the Federals were crowding the thor- 
 oughfares to Nashville and the Confederates 
 held the blood-stained field. A victory for 
 Pickett at Gettysburg might have turned the 
 scales for the Confederacy. Pickett failed. 
 A victory for the Confederacy at Franklin 
 simply postponed the day of doom. The 
 officers who led the men into that fight knew 
 it. Then why such matchless valor? Why 
 did men toss their lives away as though life 
 was a vain and empty thing? Because this 
 Civil War of ours was to be the epic tragedy 
 of our country. And these Confederate sol- 
 diers were determined that its climax should 
 be such that through all the ages it would be 
 the glory of our people. 
 
 The Dying Confederacy 
 
 ‘““A sense of duty filled the ranks of the 
 Confederacy in ’61, and that same loyalty to 
 duty, that same devotion to a principle, filled 
 the valleys with the graves of the dead, took 
 away from wives their husbands and made 
 orphans in many homes. 
 
 “The war might have ended in ’63, but 
 the men under the Stars and Bars were deter- 
 mined to go on even to the bitter end, and if 
 need be, each man was determined to yield 
 
 his life. 
 11 
 
“And how magnificently the Confederacy 
 died! After Franklin a skeleton army pur- 
 sued Schofield into Nashville. And Thomas, 
 a cool and calculating man, tried the patience 
 of Grant, who demanded that he immediately 
 give battle. Grant saw at Nashville the 
 strange spectacle of a well-fed, well-equipped 
 army, stronger in numbers than was the 
 wreck of Hood’s fighting machine, torn to 
 pieces by the shock of its own victory at 
 Franklin, being besieged for a month. Grant 
 became uneasy. He remembered the fight 
 they gave him at Missionary Ridge. He knew 
 how bitterly the same soldiers contended 
 with Sherman; he measured the force of their 
 strength against Schofield at Franklin, and 
 he feared that this army, whose ranks were 
 decimated by the bullets from a hundred 
 fields, might in its dying hour make its death 
 memorable by destroying the army of Thomas 
 in Nashville. 
 
 “Thomas also knew the strength that was 
 still there. He also knew the desperate spirit 
 of a foe that fought just as well under a cer- 
 tainty of ultimate failure as though it were 
 marching’ to a certain victory.) he satu 
 that was in the men who followed Hood into 
 Tennessee was of that brand of courage that 
 marks those who step from the ranks to lead 
 a forlorn hope. Grant sent Logan to super- 
 sede Thomas, if Thomas had not fought when 
 Logan reached Nashville. When Thomas 
 had made a victory certain by overwhelming 
 odds of men under his flag, he gave battle. 
 And even then there was no rout. Beaten 
 down, Hood’s veterans retraced their steps 
 southward. But there was no pursuit by 
 oncoming cavalry, no sabering down of strag- 
 glers. The story of the Confederate rear 
 guard fighting from Nashville to the Tennes- 
 see River under the direction of Walthall and 
 Forrest is in itself a magnificent incident of 
 this strange and matchless expedition from 
 Atlanta to Nashville. 
 
 ‘“‘Sherman had an easy march from Atlanta 
 to Savannah, because there were no soldiers 
 in his path. It was a different story from 
 
 12 
 
Savannah north. A remnant of the old army 
 that fought him under Johnston and had under 
 Hood fought at Franklin and Nashville, again 
 crossed Sherman’s path and engaged him. 
 
 “When Lee felt that it was no longer good 
 strategy to hold Richmond, the Confederate 
 army drew out of Petersburg. According to 
 all the rules of war, that army should have 
 been captured. And then, if you follow this 
 journey from Richmond and Petersburg to 
 Appomattox, you will find that every day 
 when the Confederates made a stand they 
 were not driven away from the field. And 
 the day before the surrender at Appomattox 
 the Confederates engaged in a pitched battle 
 with their foe, and in that fight conducted 
 themselves with the same gallantry that 
 marked them at Fredericksburg and at Chan- 
 cellorsville, when they were driving everything 
 before them. 
 
 Triumphant at the End 
 
 ‘““A close study of the last two years of this 
 war will convince any man that it is no empty 
 
 “boast to say that the Confederate soldier 
 
 went down into defeat, triumphant until the 
 reverberation of the last gun shot lost itself 
 amid the blood-stained hills of Virginia. 
 
 eine Old Guard, at Waterloo; after its 
 charge failed, broke into disorder, and the 
 army which followed the eagles of Napoleon 
 at Borodino, at Eyleau, at Austerlitz, and 
 never before reeled in the shock of war, when 
 the knowledge of defeat came, broke into a 
 wild, disorganized and frenzied mob. 
 
 “In Virginia, in Tennessee, in Georgia 
 and in Mississippi the Confederate armies 
 after ’63 never lost step, never turned to the 
 right nor to the left, but pressed onward into 
 the valleys of death with a steadiness of pur- 
 pose, with a heroic valor that is to-day the 
 glory of the American citizen, no matter 
 whether he be Confederate or Federal or 
 born into this world when the Confederacy 
 had become a memory. 
 
 “And here we are in this marvel country of 
 ours fifty years after the war, on a day of 
 
 13 
 
memory for Confederate soldiers ready to 
 pay tribute to the bravery of men and not 
 asking on which side they fought. 
 
 “The history of the Confederacy is a his- 
 tory of the nation. The matchless skill of 
 Lee, the persistence of Grant are inspiring 
 to every American boy and girl, it matters 
 little whether they gather in the evening un- 
 der the shade of the scented magnolia or 
 under the Green Mountain pines whose 
 boughs tremble in response to the sigh of the 
 breeze that comes from the north. 
 
 Its Effect 
 
 “The great Civil War gave to other nations 
 in letters of fire a story of the colossal possi- 
 bilities of these United States. And so long 
 as we keep the memory of those in whose 
 honor to-day we meet fresh in our hearts and 
 in the hearts of our children, we will be in- 
 spired to lofty ideals and there will be created 
 in our hearts a determination that this coun- 
 try of ours shall go forward and that the guid- 
 ing principle of its people shall be national 
 honor, the hope of its people shall be national 
 glory and the determination of its people 
 shall be freedom under the law and under 
 the constitution. 
 
 ‘‘Honor the Confederate dead; honor the 
 living Confederates, for they are the survivors 
 of an army that responded to many demands 
 that could be met by lofty courage and devo- 
 tion to home and to country. 
 
 ‘Appomattox did not mark the close of 
 the career of the Confederate soldier. From 
 °65 until this good day wherever he has been 
 he has borne himself as a man and as a leader 
 of men. In the ashes of Confederacy’s hope 
 he sat up a torch which was a signal that the 
 traditions of the South should never be 
 forgotten and the civilization of the South 
 should be forwarded. 
 
 “In the work of recreating the Confederate 
 soldier was a leader. The imprint of the 
 Confederate soldier is heavy upon the civil 
 history of this country since 1865. In the 
 Senate of the United States, in the lower house 
 
 14 
 
of Congress, the Confederate soldier did duty 
 to the south and to the common country alike. 
 In the State Legislature, as governors, as 
 lawyers, as judges, the Confederate soldiers 
 have made their mark. 
 
 “To-day the chief justice of the greatest 
 court on earth, a court which is the guardian 
 of the nation’s ark of the covenant, is a 
 Confederate soldier. Another Confederate 
 soldier is an associate justice. Confederate 
 soldiers have been in the cabinet. ‘They have 
 served as foreign ministers. When the call 
 to arms came in 798 they leapt into the firing 
 line. ‘They have served their people as phy- 
 sicians, as teachers, as preachers, and mer- 
 chants, and they have served in the hard 
 occupations, at the plow and at the forge. 
 Whether the Confederate soldier stands at 
 the handle of the plow or raises his hand to 
 administer oath to an incoming president, 
 he is the embodiment of unselfish devotion 
 to the work that is at hand and loyal to the 
 duty that is to be discharged. 
 
 ‘“And the Confederate soldier’s day of use- 
 fulness is not over. The youngest of you are 
 around seventy. You are in the lean shank. 
 But when you are eighty—and a few of you 
 will reach that age—you will then not be in the 
 way, for our grandchildren, little boys and 
 girls, may then gather at your knees in the 
 shadows of the dying day and hear from your 
 lips the story of your part in a struggle which 
 will be the glory of this nation and an inspi- 
 ration to this people so long as the republic 
 survives. 
 
 “Gentlemen of the Old Guard in Gray, 
 followers of Lee, Forrest, Johnson and Hood, 
 I salute you.” 
 
 15 
 
S.C. TOOF & CO., PRINTERS, MEMPHIS 
 
I 
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF IL 
 
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