Prien i i abt es 
 nd, sidieteaet oe ete vee 
 indi epnnilly totic eT 
 BE noe Nea eple gt aera Oe etn entree cane. 
 nite end dieiade die Heke. ake a ew 
 SD Set etapa belied det te id a 
 tutta tte deta te ee 
 ot te tee 
 ose 
 
 ime nti 
 Spl Appin Rptlapade eres ne ae 
 ulitiatiebas ned 
 Nae ae tae ee ge 
 
 ST ee ite ee eee 
 ne Re ere ne 
 Fe ey ee 
 
 TAP eat oe 
 iibindinci dae 
 
 em er engage 
 i PAs dadidligiapas a tude 
 
 : eRe : viet nr pe meee f 
 
 Sebeiieaindnetan tee : 
 
 lander Nalllbife Zipline dna ee Oe eee 
 es Se eee ee DDidindindls Selec dae a Sis Hin ea il 
 Fa plane iain ain, a Tyee tere tals Aelita ae Nl a 
 bt atta Apri si: ne 
 
 EE OS aD Cite Ra ae reed epsert 
 Pippin Ot OO a eet me etd 
 hetidiedilindn ten te ecra ida lee ee 
 
 ia edie dan ee eet gs ft 
 
 hiidindieteane oe Seen REE eign Reena Regia iaatentetarn.e maee ~~ 
 
 haoniibetya-umatee 4 <i pation ee Neale tia pemeat  e 
 
 natin Siete died dm ant a antes 
 joseph PN Dm ee 
 ea ete ns . 
 
 RO ee we eee 
 
 itis Hirata tea ctie is ae 
 
 aie er ee ee Sa 
 ee ye 
 
 Mee mite ee ewer hi aed ed Fe ae ae ne eee ee te teen gh 
 (panaeiedede Ota Un rere 
 oe ee ae eee 
 
 wee 
 
 a 
 i ipedanteeh one 
 PP im wo 
 
 on eee ey « 
 
 em etn yt ere oe 
 aoe ee ew en, 
 
 eee ees, 
 te eee ee, 
 
 Te eee ete eee, 
 << 
 
 ON a ee re 
 OO ee a eet a 
 Pow? 
 
 NONE ne are om 
 Sm ee rent em en, 
 htiinaibdiede ee 
 a ed ee 
 
 "8" pect anal ge 
 paused dao ee 
 re ewig tees) Oe Te te apne ee ee ee 
 
 <—- 
 
 Ne 
 ae Re ee 
 pita ca 
 
 Oe ae a age 
 Tw gig tne 
 naa deme ae 
 Seas ote ee = 
 Te mela he er ee pe 
 
 tiie tele sos aver 
 
 bustin de ite ops 
 Ee pet esa ness mallee 
 ee a or 
 
 = mee 
 
 ee me eee ae 
 9 Oy SOR ee ees 
 
 at tre wine 
 b st esata. ithaca 
 
 iki ee billige tie dies dane ae seliiiecih tin ne 
 
 ? ow - Pere oe ere ee ee, ee Tae i en odd ae Ce ee ee re SL ere, ew agin, 
 
 len Se. pee ee ew oe —— Oe om, ee ES RN OT a ca aes ee mene ae oe eee ee 
 
 rr eee ee ORS yw ary <r Ree? hwnd Pilea liens aie an 
 
 7 ~~ + ow + wee Seidel ipniliaetnas ialh a ad we oe ~~ leet edie ae te 
 
 Ret Re To sy sg OOH lt atid dee eee 
 
 Sd a ee . 
 
 - +> - 
 
 2 el er eine 
 tide a = eee 
 Te a Meet ae a oe cae a a 
 
 ee ne ee tar ae 0 ee nee ar 
 
 (ga died de ee od: 
 ea eee. er se a "ee a, Pee ye ibaa eas ot were 
 nibh thane ee Oe lillie Andina cat ee eo pallies on fo meray, Wi hdd ee AO yer nn 
 Oe a De Sa ten RNAPII RAT antag Paap teae PT es ee rae Se ee 7 Ann Peticouthdiitnigie ee we bdidbdinakinds ander Pe eae 
 7 were i ile i i ee ae te ee s “ M28 e'w . Aned > 
 . eign, ae nen —w PO ew wee gen ee 
 
 — - tla i elllefiasate site dence ee ro al sone ae 
 iN li Saedic~diptiin apace sy Dial Ti Se ee tee es 1 Ae tay Ue ae ete ay me, 
 
 9 = ay ill Ae Rel n teipatgy tad a a ari 
 
 9 at at estoy rap ine iw . 
 
 Se a ae 
 
 OS mre te eee inadiniat 
 indi dialed ea ee fem 
 
 Pies 
 Wide deo ee 
 
 aa. oe ee ow 
 
 aa Pas Kore 
 
 NP Oe neem ne 
 
 winipina ae - 
 a e 
 dt ae - 
 ~ - 
 dieing a & 
 — + ate 
 - o-* 
 - o 
 fae . - 
 “<- 
 . 
 Feed Ow te Ree cee 
 
 Oe te eer ce Seer 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY. 
 AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 
 STACKS 
 
CENTRAL CIRCULATION AND BOOKSTACKS 
 
 The person borrowing this material is 
 responsible for its renewal or return 
 before the Latest Date stamped below. You 
 may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 
 for each non-returned or lost item. 
 
 Theft, mutilation, or defacement of library materials can 
 be causes for student disciplinary action. All materials 
 owned by the University of Illinois Library are the 
 property of the State of Illinois and are protected by 
 Article 16B of Illinois Criminal Law and Procedure. 
 
 TO RENEW, CALL (217) 333-8400. 
 University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign 
 
 When renewing by phone, write new due date 
 below previous due date. L162 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 In 2022 with funding from 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 https://archive.org/details/gulliverstravelsOOswif_15 
 
HERTZBERG — NEW METHOD, INC. EAST VANDALIA ROAD, JACKSONVILLE, ILL. 62650 
 
 Lie} TITLE NO. ACCOUNT NO. LOT AND TICKET NO. 
 ier ; ( fie 
 } | : 
 fri. AVE Pa fat 4 
 : SY 4 4 P 3 
 CLOTH COLOR HEIGHT 
 
 [HAND ADHESWE | | MAP POCKET PAPER 
 [_[uenarawise |__| MAP POCKET CLOTH 
 [_[roReicntme |_| SPECIAL WORK 
 [__ [Lines OF LETTERING |__| REMOVE TATTLE TAPE _ 
 
 5? TELEET rE ine Taiie ee 
 Had aaa SHAE HITE 
 
 Bitte betel rig eee Ohm sit ge 
 
 sett Seis Sis TELS Obeee es 
 » imatizi atte GH BF B) % tis e 
 HUH RUE Ge 
 Aor 
 
NISK-BS9OS9 1 1 REC.-313 FONT-2/215 FAGE- 195 
 GLIBSE 
 “OOOO «OOOO OF 200 IS4 CA Aa S33 Ed 
 SUL Ta¢s29¢ 296 
 GULLIVER * Se TRAVELS 
 
 a 
 re 
 
 42-28 B27 KSwhg #1 924% 
 OLSTX4 
 ‘ FOIL WHITE 
 OO7 4 OO O00 
 
 We Ses t Bean gee Cre Sane 
 
 ( 
 GLISE 
 
 (A 
 
eo 
 
 : af 
 7 a - 
 Ce eee ee 
 
 - <a 
 
i 
 
 a 
 
 yy 
 
 i 
 
 my] Rss, “ AN 
 / A rf a ANS Ly 
 
 enn tee) 
 
 ‘‘His MAJESTY REPLIED, I MUST BE SEARCHED BY Two OF Hii 
 OFFICERS.”—Page 29, 
 
GULLIVERS TRAVELS 
 
 INTO 
 
 SEVERAL REMOTE NATIONS OF 
 THE WORLD. 
 
 By JONATHAN SWIFT, D.D., 
 
 DEAN OF ST. PATRICK’S, DUBLIN. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY GORDON BROWNE AND C. E. BROCK. 
 
 A. L. BURT COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 
 52-58 DUANE STREET, NEW YORK “ 
 
ane 
 
 ® , f, 
 aN ae, 
 CUNY eee 
 united pith) 
 AC See 
 vat My 
 
 . 
 
 Ae Lied, & 
 Tee Pun ; 
 
 iy is, 
 ' i 
 
 gl CY tat ee 
 TY TAS A Es 
 
 ' A 
 
 Pan 
 
 a v) \ 
 te i 
 
 ye 
 J 
 q 
 
 16 
 4 Peng 
 
 1 “vat 
 
 aa: 
 +, (RE ES et 
 
 i” 
 
 ve 7 4 
 * 
 
 wee ' ‘ 
 1 oy GRR S 
 " 
 AR 
 
 cryi 
 Pe on 
 The Cth ae 
 ; ee 
 
VY ol 
 5 . 
 a 
 "4 > 
 r 
 "4 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 ee a ee 
 
 Tuts edition of GuLLIVER’s TRAVELS is practically a 
 reprint of the original edition, the only alterations 
 being the omission of certain coarse passages which 
 would offend modern taste. 
 
 Footnotes are given, chiefly explanatory of 
 obsolete words and obscure expressions, or elucida- 
 tive of various matters in regard to which many 
 
 readers may desire information. 
 
ity iy) 
 ¢ ae 6. : 
 ‘ p wor aa 
 ; oa! a bite 4 
 NRA we 
 
 7h i saan 
 A 
 
 r 
 4 
 
 mie hyvrpe rece 
 ’ t +e 
 P mi: Ma : 
 
 wl suo a} aiaiovinie fe 
 verre clonal Gide af ais nin ink aatgive 
 i } ws a 
 ‘ rt i) his’ 
 
 Did ue Senne hdl ny ‘Coa a8) ha 
 
 “esa Lepr “hh noe ‘eo 1 en 
 
 at iotte ALY asia ni bas ube: a bedi 
 ; Nort dss onde We ab ss : 
 {on Gott: - ‘i Shai si) seal ‘Mihai Ing 
 
 eran onledy tiat ery . - ty oe 
 
 1 io ie un 7 ; 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The Author of ‘‘ Gulliver’s Travels.”......cccccocsececrcese Xiil 
 
 Part I. 
 VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The Author gives some Account of Himself and Family—His 
 First Inducements to Travel—He is Shipwrecked, and 
 Swims for his Life—Gets safe on Shore in the Country 
 of Lilliput—Is made a Prisoner, and carried up the 
 COUMLT Tye tn eile des ccete weeds Voi, Mlyees Fee cab ING 
 
 CHAPTER IL. 
 
 The Emperor of Lilliput, attended by several of the Nobility, 
 comes to see the Author'in his Confinement—The Em- 
 peror’s Person and Habit described—Learned Men ap- 
 pointed to teach the Author their Language—He gains 
 Favor by his mild Disposition—His Pockets are searched, 
 and his Sword and Pistols taken from him............. i 
 
vi OONTHNTS. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 PAG 
 The Author diverts the Emperor, and his Nobility of both 
 
 sexes, in a very uncommon manner—The Diversions of 
 the Court of Lilliput described—The Author has his 
 Liberty granted him upon certain conditions........... 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Mildendo, the metropolis of Lilliput, described, together 
 with the Emperor’s Palace—A conversation between 
 the Author and a Principal Secretary, concerning the 
 affairs of that Empire—The Author’s offers to serve the 
 Emperor in his wars......-.-++- deters cts Geceseees és 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Author, by an extraordinary stratagem, prevents an In- 
 vasion—A high Title is conferred upon him—Ambassa- 
 dors arrive from the Emperor of Blefuscu, and sue for 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Of the Inhabitants of Lilliput; their Learning, Laws, and 
 Customs; the Manner of Educating their Children—The 
 Author’s way of living in that Country—His Vindica- 
 tion of a great Lady.........e.seeeegeee oe RGR MO cats 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Author, being informed of a Design to accuse him of 
 High-treason, makes his Escape to Blefuscu—His Recep- 
 ton: there. i ives’ sc epic eek atic sccecenracs Sewers 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The Author, by a lucky accident, finds means to leave Bie- 
 fuscu; and after some difficulties, returns safe to his 
 native Country.......... adele ¥ Galt ae ease ane Whee aie te 
 
 38 
 
 51 
 
 59 
 
 84 
 
 97 
 
OONTENTS. . vii 
 
 Parr I. 
 A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG. 
 
 CHAPTER LI. 
 
 PAGE 
 A great Storm; the Long-boat sent to fetch water, the Author 
 goes with it to discover the Country—He is left on shore, 
 is seized by one of the natives, and carried toa Farmer’s 
 House—His reception there, with several Accidents that 
 happened there—A Description of the Inhabitants...... 111 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 A Description of the Farmer’s Daughter—The Author carried 
 to a Market-town, and then to the Metropolis—The Par- 
 Sate Ta OE ISIMOULUGY Ss etre tia Uae ee a se case ts a oe 132 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Author is sent for to Court—The Queen buys him of his 
 master the Farmer, and presents him to the King—He 
 disputes with his Majesty’s great Scholars—An Apart- 
 ment at Court provided for the Author—He is in high 
 favor with the Queen—He stands up for the honor of 
 his own Country—His quarrels with the Queen’s Dwarf 142 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 [he Country described—A proposal for correcting modern 
 Maps—The King’s Palace, and some account of the 
 Metropolis—The Author’s way of traveling—The Chief 
 PLOMIDIO GESCLIDON iid. air Aiesten 45 aie < 9-010 soe * «new iets ; ee LOU 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Several Adventures that happened to the Author—The Ex- 
 ecution of a Criminal-~The Author shows his skill in 
 Navigation. *-_ @©eeeee eeeeeeeeve eevee e*eoee eeeeee e@eeeeeeeoene 169 
 
viii CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Several contrivances of the Author to please the King and 
 Queen—He shows his skill in Music—The King inquires 
 into the state of England, which the Author relates to 
 him—The King’s observations thereon........++++++++. 185 
 
 PAGB 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Author’s love of his Country—He makes a proposal of 
 much advantage to the King, which is rejected—The 
 King’s great ignorance in Politics—The Learning of that 
 Country very imperfect and confined—Their Laws, and 
 Military Affairs, and Parties in the State.........+++.-- 200 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The King and Queen make a progress to the frontiers—The 
 Author attends them—The manner in which he leaves 
 the Country very particularly related—He returns to 
 
 England...........> PRIS BES ae eee s Sr iicioefta sales 211 
 
 Part III. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI, LUGG- 
 NAGG, GLUBBDUBDRIBB, AND JAPAN. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The Author sets out on his third Voyage—Is taken by Pirates 
 —-The malice of a Dutchman—His arrival at an Island— 
 He is received into Laputa...........eeeeeeeeeeeoeeees 233 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The humors and dispositions of the Laputians described— 
 An account of their Learning—Of the King and his 
 Court—The Author’s reception there—The Inhabitants 
 subject to fears and disquietudes—An account of the 
 
 SS ee 
 
CONTENTS. ix 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 PA 
 A Phenomenon solved by modern Philosophy and Astronomy 
 —The Laputians’ great improvements in the latter—The 
 King’s method of suppressing Insurrections ......... 256 
 
 GE 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Author leaves Laputa, is conveyed to Balnibarbi, arrives 
 at the Metropolis—A Description of the Metropolis and 
 the Country adjoining—The Author hospitably received 
 by a great Lord—His conversation with that Lord...... 266 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Author permitted to see the Grand Academy of Lagado 
 —The Academy largely described—The Arts wherein 
 the Professors employ themselves...........0..0eeeeee: 276 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 A further account of the Academy—The Author proposes 
 some improvements, which are honorably received...... 287 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Author leaves Lagado—Arrives at Maldonada—No ship 
 ready—He takes a short voyage to Glubbdubdribb— 
 Himreception by the, Governonges .\:.¢.e<swhisises media ds 297 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 A further account of Glubbdubdribb—Ancient and Modern 
 REVLON YG) COLIUC MRO.) paca ceth tenn esa se ies s 305 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Author’s Return to Maldonada—Sails to the Kingdom 
 of Luggnagg—The Author confined—He is sent for to 
 Court—The manner of his Admittance—The King’s 
 PYORY WeUIby tO TS SUD IOC soe sic a saci sine eee Bink AAs 314 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Luggnaggians commended—A particular Description of 
 the Struldbrugs, with many Conversations between the 
 Author and some eminent Persons upon that subject.... 321 
 
 PAGE 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Che Author leaves Luggnagg, and sails to Japan—From 
 thence he returns in a Dutch ship to Amsterdam, and 
 
 from Amsterdam to England............seeseeeseeeee: 335 
 
 Part IV. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF 
 THE HOUYHNHNMS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 - The Author sets out as Captain of a Ship—His Men conspire 
 against him—Confine him a long time to his Cabin— 
 Set him on shore in an Unknown Land—He travels up 
 into the Country—The Yahoos, a strange sort of animal, 
 described—The Author meets two Houyhnhnms........ 345 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Author conducted by a Houyhnhnm to his House—The 
 House described—The Author’s reception—The Food of 
 the Houyhnhnms—The Author in distress for want of 
 Mcat—Is at last relieved—His manner of feeding in this 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Author studies to learn the Language—The Houyhnhnm, 
 his Master, assists in teaching him—The Language 
 described—Several Houyhnhnms of quality come out of 
 curiosity to see the Author—He gives his Master a short 
 account of his Voyage.....-sesscee versereceterereces 367 
 
 ' 
 
CONTENTS. ays 
 
 CHAPTER IY. 
 
 The Houyhnhnms’ notion of Truth and Falsehood—The Ania: 
 thor’s discourse disapproved by his Master—The Author 
 gives a more particular account of himself, and the Ac- 
 SNGnite Oly Mise OVEue eUve netics vy vr eh cine Wer caiveene dt 875 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Author, at his Master’s command, informs him of the 
 state of England—The causes of war among the Princes 
 of Europe—The Author begins to explain the English 
 CMMESLULLION matercn nis cntan eee vies Ot bhiate wiles wane teil 384 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 A continuation of the State of England under Queen Anne— 
 The Character of a First Minister of State in European 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Author’s great Love of his native Country—His Master’s 
 observations upon the Constitution and Administration 
 of England, as described by the Author, with Parallel 
 Cases and Comparisons—His Master’s observations upon 
 PITRE HiT Opies. h smite wads fiulae von + Cite Sid Sie alts 405 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The Author relates several Particulars of the Yahoos—The 
 great Virtues of the Houyhnhnms—The Education and 
 Exercise of their Youth—Their General Assembly..... 416 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 A grand debate at the General Assembly of Houyhnhnms— 
 The Learning of the Houyhnhnms—Their Buildings— 
 Their Manner of Burials—The Defectiveness of their 
 Pre ee vara hue ei CWE oe shia ces Talas Tale aie wd bem 423 
 
Xil CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Author’s Economy and happy Life among the Houy- 
 hnhnms—His great improvement in Virtue by convers- 
 ing with them—Their Conversations—The Author has 
 notice given him by-his Master that he must depart 
 from the Country—He falls into a swoon for grief, but 
 submits—He contrives and finishes a Canoe by the help 
 of a fellow-servant, and puts to sea at a venture........ 431 
 
 GE 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The Author’s dangerous voyage—He arrives at New Holland, 
 hoping to settle there—Is wounded with an arrow by 
 one of the Natives—Is seized, and carried by force into 
 a Portuguese ship—The great civilities of the Captain— 
 The Author arrives in England...............ccecceee. 443 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 The Author’s Veracity—His design in publishing this Work 
 His Censure of those Travelers who swerve from the 
 Truth—The Author clears himself from any sinister ends 
 in writing—An objection answered—The method of 
 planting Colonies—His native Country commended— 
 The right of the Crown to those Countries described by 
 the Author is justified—The Difficulty of conquering 
 them—The Author takes his last leave of the Reader— 
 Proposeth his Manner of Living for the future—Gives 
 Good Advice and concludes..............00. ity hue scale 457 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Tue author of Guiuiver’s Travers and of other 
 notable writings was Jonathan Swift, D.D., latterly 
 and for many years Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin, 
 and one of the greatest wits and satirists our country 
 has produced. He was born in Dublin, November 
 30, 1667, of English parents; his father, also called 
 Jonathan, being a cousin of the poet Dryden, his 
 mother a lady belonging to Leicestershire. His 
 father, who was connected with the legal profession, 
 died seven months before the birth of the future 
 dean, whose mother was left in poor circumstances, 
 and had to depend on the bounty of relatives. 
 When the child was a year old, his nurse carried 
 him off with her to Whitehaven, whither she was 
 called by the illness of a relative, and here he 
 
X1V GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 remained till about his sixth year, his mother think- 
 ing it better for his health to let him stay than to 
 take him home. By the assistance of an uncle he 
 was sent to school at Kilkenny, and when fourteen 
 years old to Trinity College, Dublin. Swift, though 
 a great reader, was by no means a diligent or well- 
 behaved student, and he left the university In some 
 disgrace, having only obtained his degree of 
 Bachelor of Arts “ by special favor.” 
 
 He now (1688) went to his mother’s in Leicester- 
 shire, and she, being a relative of the wife of the 
 eminent statesman, Sir William Temple, advised 
 him to see what this powerful personage could do 
 for him. Having applied to Sir William, the latter 
 took him into his own house as a sort of secretary, 
 and in this situation he continued for several years. 
 While here he was introduced to William III., who 
 often visited Temple privately; and the king is 
 said to have offered to make him a captain in a 
 cavalry regiment. In 1692 he obtained the degree 
 of Master of Arts from the University of Oxford, 
 the influence of his patron being probably exerted 
 in his favor. He still continued to reside with Sir 
 William Temple, but a coldness arose between them, 
 and in 1694 Swift went over to Ireland and entered 
 the church. He did not long remain, however, for 
 Sir William, who was now getting old and infirm, 
 
INTRODUCTION. xv. 
 
 soon wished him back again, and Swift returned to 
 stay with him till he died. 
 
 In 1699 Swift was appointed to the living of 
 Laracor, about twenty miles from Dublin, and this 
 living he held in conjunction with others till he was 
 appointed to the deanery of St. Patrick’sin 1713. At 
 Laracor he took up his residence in 1700, and enterea 
 energetically upon the duties of a country clergy- 
 nan, reading prayers twice a week, and preaching 
 regularly every Sunday. It is said that upon one 
 of the Wednesday services he found nobody present 
 but his parish clerk, Roger Coxe, whereupon he 
 changed the “dearly beloved brethren” of the 
 Book of Common Prayer into “dearly beloved 
 Roger.” Laracor was his regular place of residence 
 for the next ten years, though his visits to London 
 were frequent. - 
 
 Soon after his settlement here he began his career 
 as an author by publishing in 1701 a “ Discourse of 
 the Dissensions between the Nobles and Commons in 
 Athens and Rome,” which, though professedly treat- 
 ing of ancient times, was really directed against the 
 dissensions existing among English politicians of 
 the day. This was followed a few years afterward 
 by his celebrated “Tale of a Tub,” and “ Battle of 
 the Books.” The former was 4 satire, in a kind of 
 allegorical form, on the Roman Catholics and Dis- 
 
xvi GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 senters, and a vindication of the Church of England. 
 It secured him the highest reputation as a wit, but 
 did him no small injury as a divine from its fre- 
 quent coarseness and irreverence. The “ Battle of 
 the Books” had to do with the respective merits of 
 the ancient and the modern authors. 
 
 In 1710 he came to London on a mission to pro- 
 cure the abolition of certain duties which the Irish 
 clergy had to pay to the crown. He remained in 
 the metropolis three years; and, while hitherto he 
 had been connected more or less with the Whig 
 party, he now openly joined the Tories, and wrote 
 political tracts on their behalf, which were of im- 
 mense service to them. He was eager to obtain a 
 bishopric in England; but Queen Anne is said to 
 have had doubts as to his orthodoxy (mainly on 
 account of the “Tale of a Tub”), and the highest 
 dignity he could obtain was the deanery of St. 
 Patrick’s. 
 
 He accordingly returned to Dublin, and for the 
 rest of his life had to submit to an unwilling resi- 
 dence in the country of his birth, and in a society 
 that was not congenial to his tastes. But, though he 
 had no liking for Ireland, he could not shut his eyes 
 to the injustice under which her people suffered ; 
 and roused by the law forbidding woollen goods to 
 be exported to any country but England, he pro- 
 
INTRODUCTION. xvii 
 
 posed that the Irish should rely entirely on their 
 own manufactures, and wear nothing whatever of 
 English make. This made him highly popular in 
 Ireland, and his popularity was greatly increased by 
 the publication of a series of letters with the signa- 
 ture, “M. B. Drapier,” denouncing the contract 
 which a person named Wood had obtained for 
 supplying Ireland with copper coinage, and scourg- 
 ing the abuses of government generally. In 1726 
 appeared GuLtivEr’s TRavets, the most widely read 
 of all his works. Of it we shall speak more par- 
 ticularly below. 
 
 About two years after this a severe blow fell 
 upon Swift, in the death of the lady known as Stella, 
 whose relations toward him were of a singular 
 nature, and have not even yet been altogether 
 cleared of mystery. Stella was a pet name be- 
 stowed upon her by Swift, her real name being 
 Esther Johnson. When Swift became acquainted 
 with ner she was living in the house of Sir William 
 ‘Temple, her mother also being a member of the 
 ‘household in the capacity of companion to Sir 
 ‘William’s sister. She was then a mere girl, and 
 ‘received lessons from Swift; and soon between 
 ‘teacher and pupil a warm attachment grew up. 
 ‘When Swift went to live at Laracor, Miss Johnson, 
 accompanied by a Mrs. Dingley, at his suggestion 
 
Xviil GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 took up her residence in the same neighborhood | 
 and on the occasions of Swift’s absence the tw« 
 ladies occupied the parsonage house, as they did 
 afterward the deanery. In the years 1710-1718, 
 when Swift was in England, he kept a minute 
 account in the form of a journal of all his doings 
 and experiences, and this he transmitted from time 
 to time to Stella. In it grave matters are mingled 
 with playfulness, nonsense, and expressions of 
 endearment; Swift usually writes of himself under 
 the name of Presto ( presto being Italian for quick 
 or swift). It is believed by some that the two were 
 privately married in 1716, but this is doubtful; and 
 altogether Swift’s conduct in the matter is difficult 
 to be accounted for. Stella seems to have had 
 very considerable personal attractions, besides being 
 a person of great good sense and of much vivacity, 
 if not even wit. 
 
 The fate of another lady was also closely con- 
 nected with Swift’s life. This was Miss Esther 
 Vanhomrigh, with whom he got acquainted in 
 London in 1712, she being then eighteen or twenty 
 years old, and he about forty-five. Notwithstanding 
 this disparity the young lady conceived a violent 
 passion for him, and Swift was evidently not alto- 
 gether insensible to her attractions. In his poem of 
 “ Qadenus and Vanessa” she gets the latter poetical 
 
INTRODUCTION. xix 
 
 appellation, the dean himself being Cadenus (L. 
 decanus, a dean). She went over to Ireland to be 
 near him, but finding that her passion was utterly 
 hopeless she died of a broken heart. 
 
 From the death of Stella, Swift became more 
 morose and gloomy, and his life more retired. For 
 several years he continued to write both in prose 
 and verse, but by 1736 his memory was nearly gone. 
 In a few years more he sank into hopeless lunacy, 
 the fate which he had feared overtook him, and on 
 the 19th of October, 1745, he was released by death. 
 He leit the greater part of his fortune to an asylum 
 for lunatics. 
 
 The character of Swift is not altogether a pleasing 
 one. His best qualities were his constancy in 
 friendship where his friends were really worthy 
 {such as Pope, Gay, and Arbuthnot), his integrity 
 and truthfulness, his zeal for religion, his hatred of 
 oppression, his patriotic ardor on behalf of the 
 country of his birth. On the other hand, he was 
 proud, domineering, careless of the feelings of 
 others, irritable, and altogether misanthropic; but 
 these more repulsive characteristics may have been 
 partly due to the ili health from which he suffered 
 so much. As to his personal appearance, he is said 
 to have been “ tall, strong, and well made. of a dark 
 - complexion, but witb blue eyes, black and bushy 
 
SK GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 
 
 eyebrows, nose somewhat aquiline, and features 
 which remarkably express the stern, haughty, and 
 dauntless turn of his mind.” In genius and origi- 
 nality he was perhaps unequaled by any English 
 writer of the eighteenth century. Although he 
 wrote a good many poetical pieces he can hardly be 
 considered as a real poet; and this his kinsman 
 Dryden plainly told him, much to Swift’s chagrin. 
 His strength lies in wit, humor, satire, ridicule, and 
 especially in a kind of grave irony, in which the 
 most extraordinary assertions and suggestions are 
 put forward with a superficial appearance of 
 simplicity and good faith. 
 
 Guuiiver’s TRAVELS was published in 1726 in two 
 volumes, the original title being “Travels into 
 Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four 
 Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, first a Surgeon, and 
 then a Captain of Several Ships.” Though Swift's 
 intimate friends knew who the author was, the 
 world at large was much puzzled. Its popularity 
 was great and immediate, and has been as lasting as 
 it was great. So strong an air of truthfulness did 
 the narrative possess, and so little were some parts 
 of the world then known, that persons were not 
 wanting who believed they were reading a genuine 
 account of travels. One old salt is reported to 
 
INTROD UCTION. XXI 
 
 have said that he knew Captain Gulliver very well, 
 only he lived at Wapping not at Rotherhithe. 
 
 The four parts of which the work consists are 
 each very distinct in subject. ‘The first, the voyage 
 to Lilliput, is generally considered the most pleasing 
 of the four. In it we are shown creatures of the 
 most diminutive size, made in all respects after the 
 model of mankind, and we are thus led to consider 
 whether the passions, aims, and ambitions by which 
 we are actuated are not really as petty and insig- 
 nificant as we cannot help thinking those are by 
 which the Lilliputians are inspired. In this part of 
 the work there are supposed to be numerous 
 allusions to the court and politics of England; thus 
 Flimnap, the treasurer, is said to stand for Sir 
 Robert Walpole, the High-heels and the Low-heels 
 for the Tories and the Whigs, the Big-endians and 
 the Little-endians for the Roman Catholics and 
 Protestants, Blefuscu for France, and so on. 
 
 In the voyage to Brobdingnag the telescope is 
 turned, as it were, and everything is on a scale quite 
 the reverse of what prevails in Lilliput. We are 
 now confronted with creatures of enormous size, 
 and human actions and sentiments are shown as 
 they might appear to beings equally rational with 
 ourselves and of a bulk and strength immensely 
 
xxii GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 greater. ‘hus the aim in both these fictions is the 
 same, only it is attained by opposite methods. 
 
 The voyage to Laputa is on the whole less inter- 
 esting, though the marvels which it contains are 
 sufficiently striking. Here Swift directs his satire 
 chiefly against pretenders to science and projectors 
 of schemes that could never lead to anything 
 practical, and merely intended to dupe the unwary. 
 
 The last part of Guiiiver’s TRAVELS is a savage 
 satire against humanity at large, and in many 
 places can only inspire pain and disgust. The in- 
 cidents and particulars of the story, too, are so 
 glaringly impossible that our imagination is never 
 held captive as in the other three narratives. It is 
 here that Swift best succeeds in what he himself 
 said was the aim of the whole work—“to vex the 
 world rather than to divert it.” “Yet,” as Sir 
 Walter Scott remarks, “the picture of the Yahoos. 
 utterly odious and hateful as it is, presents to the 
 reader a moral use,” representing mankind in the 
 state “to which our species is degraded py the 
 willful subservience of mental qualities to animal 
 instincts, of man, such as he may be found in the 
 degraded ranks of every society, when brutalized 
 by ignorance and gross vice.” 
 
PART I. 
 A VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT. 
 
7 
 
 i A tw be 
 on va yi tits 
 
 er 
 
 eve 
 
tees = 
 
 - GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 PA 
 A VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT. 
 
 ee oe re 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 fhe Author gives some Account of Himself and Family—His 
 First Inducements to Travel—He is Shipwrecked, and 
 Swims for his Life—Gets safe on Shore in the Country 
 of Lilliput—Is made a Prisoner, and carried up the 
 Country. 
 
 My father had a small estate in Nottinghamshire ; 
 ‘I was the third of five sons. He sent me to 
 ‘Emanuel College in Cambridge, at fourteen years old, 
 
4 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 where I resided three years, and applied myself 
 close to my studies ; but the charge of maintaining 
 me, although I had a very scanty allowance, being 
 too great for a narrow fortune, I was bound appren- 
 tice to Mr. James Bates, an eminent surgeon in 
 London, with whom I continued four years; and 
 my father now and then sending me small sums of 
 money, I laid them out in learning navigation, and 
 other parts of the mathematics useful to those who 
 intend to travel, as I always believed it would be, 
 some time or other, my fortune to do. When [left 
 Mr. Bates I went down to my father, where, by the 
 assistance of him and my uncle John, and some 
 other relations, I got forty pounds, and a promise of 
 thirty pounds a-year, to maintain me at Leyden.* 
 There I studied physic two years and seven months, 
 knowing it would be useful in long voyages. 
 
 Soon after my return from Leyden, i was recom- 
 mended by my good master, Mr. Bates, to be 
 surgeon to the Swallow, Captain Abraham Pannell, 
 commander; with whom I continued three years 
 and a half, making a voyage or two into the 
 Levant,+ and some other parts. When I came back 
 
 * The university of Leyden has long been celebrated; and in 
 the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Many persons went 
 from England to study medicine there. 
 
 +The eastern portion of the Mediterranean and its coasts. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 5 
 
 I resolved to settle in London; to which Mr. Bates, 
 my master, encouraged me; and by him I was 
 recommended to several patients. I took part of a 
 small] house in the Old Jewry; and, being advised 
 to alter my condition, I married Mrs.* Mary Burton, 
 second daughter to Mr. Edmund Burton, hosier, in 
 Newgate Street, with whom I received four hun- 
 dred pounds for a portion. 
 
 But my good master Bates dying in two years 
 after, and | having few friends, my business began 
 to fail; for my conscience would not suffer me to 
 imitate the bad practice of too many among my 
 brethren.t Having, therefore, consulted with my 
 wife and some of my acquaintance, I determined to 
 go again to sea. I was surgeon successively in two 
 ships, and made several voyages, for six years, to 
 the East and West Indies, by which I got some 
 addition to my fortune. My hours of leisure I 
 
 ‘spent in reading the best authors, ancient and 
 
 modern, being always provided with a good number 
 .of books ; and when I was ashore, in observing the 
 ‘manners and dispositions of the people, as well as 
 ‘learning their language; wherein I had a great 
 facility, by the strength of my memory. 
 
 * ‘* Mrs.” was formerly applied to unmarried ladies. 
 t He would not play the quack, or use low methods of get- 
 ting patients. 
 
6 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 
 
 The last of these voyages not proving very fortun- 
 ate, I grew weary of the sea,and intended to stay 
 at home with my wife and family. J removed from 
 the Old Jewry to Fetter Lane, and from thence to 
 Wapping, hoping to get business among the sailors 5 
 but it would not turn to account.* After three 
 years’ expectation that things would mend, I ac- 
 cepted an advantageous offer from Captain William 
 Prichard, master of the Antelope, who was making 
 a voyage to the South Sea.t We set sail from 
 Bristol, May 4, 1699, and our voyage at first was 
 very prosperous. 
 
 It would not be proper, for some reasons, to 
 trouble the reader with the particulars of our adven- 
 tures in those seas; let it suffice to inform hin, that, 
 in our passage from thence to the East Indies, we 
 were driven by a Violent storm to the northwest of 
 Van Diemen’s Land.t By an observation we found 
 ourselves in the latitude of 30 degrees 2 minutes 
 south. Twelve of our crew were dead by im- 
 
 a 
 
 * Tt would not ‘‘ pay.” 
 
 +This was formerly the usual name of the Pacific Ocean, 
 or of the southern portion of it. 
 
 ¢ The geography of this part of the globe was not very well 
 known in Swift’s time. A place northwest from Van Die- 
 men’s Land (Tasmania), and in latitude 30° 2° S., would be in 
 Australia, or off its west coast. : 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. , A 
 
 moderate labor and ill food: the rest were in a very 
 weak condition. On the 5th of November, which 
 was the beginning of summer in those parts, the 
 weather being very hazy, the seamen spied a rock 
 within half a cable’s length of the ship; but the 
 wind was so strong that we were driven directly 
 upon it, and immediately split. Six of the crew, of 
 whom I was one, having let down the boat into the 
 sea, made a shift to get clear of the ship and the 
 rock. We rowed, by my computation, about three 
 leagues, till we were able to work no longer, being 
 already spent with labor while we were in the ship. 
 ‘We, therefore, trusted ourselves to the mercy of the 
 ‘waves; and in about half an hour the boat was 
 overset by a sudden flurry* from the north. What 
 became of my companions in the boat, as well as of 
 those who escaped on the rock, or were left in the 
 vessel, I cannot tell, but conclude they were all lost. 
 For my own part, [swam as Fortune directed me, and 
 was pushed forward by wind and tide. I often let 
 my legs drop, and could feel no bottom; but when 
 I was almost gone, and able to struggle no longer, I 
 found myself within my depth: and by this time 
 the storm was much abated. The declivity was so 
 small, that I walked near a mile before I got to the 
 
 * Squall or gust of wind. 
 
8 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 shore, which I conjectured was about eight o’clock 
 in the evening. I then advanced forward near half 
 a mile, but could not discover any sign of houses or 
 inhabitants ; at least 1 was in so weak a condition 
 that I did not observe them. I was extremely 
 tired ; and with that, and the heat of the weather, 
 and about half a pint of brandy that I drank as I 
 left the ship, I found myself much inclined to sleep. 
 I lay down on the grass, which was very short and 
 soft, where I slept sounder than ever I remember to 
 have done in my life, and, as I reckoned, above nine 
 hours ; for when I awaked it was just daylight. I 
 attempted to rise, but was not able to stir; for as I 
 happened to lie on my back, I found my arms and 
 legs were strongly fastened on each side to the 
 ground, and my hair, which was long and _ thick, 
 tied down in the same manner. [ likewise felt 
 several slender ligatures across my body, from my 
 armpits to my thighs. I could only look upward; 
 the sun began to grow hot, and the light offended 
 mine eyes. I heard a confused noise about me, but, 
 in the posture I lay, could see nothing except the 
 sky. Ina little time I felt something alive moving 
 on my left leg, which, advancing gently forward 
 over my breast, came almost up to my chin; when, 
 bending mine eyes downward as much as I could, I 
 perceived it to be a human creature not six inches 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. ) 
 
 high, with a bow and arrow in his hands,and a 
 quiver at his back. In the meantime, I felt at least 
 forty more of the same kind (as I conjectured) 
 following the first. I was in the utmost astonish- 
 ment, and roared so loud that they all ran back in 
 a fright; and some of them, as I was afterward 
 
 told, were hurt with the falls they got by leaping 
 from my sides upon the ground. However, they 
 soon returned; and one of them, who ventured so 
 far as to get a full sight of my face, lifting up his 
 hands and eyes by way of admiration, cried out, in 
 a shrill but distinct voice, Hekinah degul: the 
 others repeated the same words several times; but 
 I then knew not what they meant. [ lay all this 
 while, as the reader may believe, in great uneasi- 
 ness. At length, struggling to get loose, I had the 
 fortune to break the strings and wrench out the 
 pegs that fastened my left arm to the ground ; for, 
 by lifting it up to my face, I discovered the methods 
 they had taken to bind me, and, at the same time, 
 with a violent pull, which gave me excessive pain, 
 fa little loosened the strings that tied down my 
 hair on the left side, so that I was just able to turn 
 my head about two inches. But the creatures ran 
 off a second time, before I could seize them; where- 
 upon there was a great shout, ina very shrill accent, 
 and, after it ceased, I heard one of them cry aloud, 
 
10 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 Tolgo phonac ; when, in an instant, I felt above an 
 hundred arrows discharged on my left hand, which 
 
 pricked me like so many needles ; and, besides, they 
 
 shot another flight into the air, as we do bombs in 
 Europe, whereof many, I suppose, fell on my body 
 (though I felt them not), and some on my face, 
 which I immediately covered with my left hand. 
 When this shower of arrows was over, I fell a- 
 groaning with grief and pain; and then, striving 
 again to get loose, they discharged another volley, 
 larger than the first, and some of them attempted, 
 with spears, to stick me in the sides; but, by good 
 luck, I had on me a buff jerkin,* which they could 
 not pierce. I thought it the most prudent method 
 to lie still; and my design was to continue so till 
 night, when, my left hand being already loose, I 
 could easily free myself: and as for the inhabitants, 
 I had reason to believe I might be a match for the 
 greatest armies they could bring against me, if 
 they were all of the same size with him that I saw. 
 But fortune disposed otherwise of me. When the 
 people observed I was quiet, they discharged no 
 more arrows; but, by the noise I heard, I knew 
 their numbers increased: and about four yards from 
 me, over against my right ear, I heard a knocking 
 
 * Close jacket or waistcoat of leather. 
 
 oa, a 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 11 
 
 for above an hour, like that of people at work; 
 when, turning my head that way, as well as the 
 pegs and strings would permit me, I saw a stage 
 erected about a foot and a half from the ground, 
 capable of holding four of the inhabitants, with two 
 or three ladders to mount it; from whence one of 
 them, who seemed to be a person of quality, made 
 me a long speech, whereof I understood not one 
 syllable. But I should have mentioned, that, before 
 the principal person began his oration, he cried out 
 three times, Zangro dchul san (these words and 
 the former were afterward repeated and explained 
 to me); whereupon, immediately, about fifty of the 
 inhabitants came and cut the strings that fastened 
 the left side of my head, which gave me the liberty 
 of turning it to theright, and of observing the person 
 and gesture of him that was to speak. He appeared 
 to be of a middle age, and taller than any of the 
 other three who attended him; whereof one was a 
 page, that held up his train, and seemed to be some- 
 what longer than my middle finger; the other two 
 stood one on each side to support him. He acted 
 every part of an orator; and I could observe many 
 periods of threatenings, and others of promises, 
 pity, and kindness. I answered in a few words, but 
 in the most submissive manner, lifting up my left 
 hand and both mine eyes to the sun, as calling him 
 
12 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 for a witness: and being almost famished with 
 hunger, having not eaten a morsel for some hours 
 before I left the ship, I found the demands of 
 nature so strong upon me that I could not forbear 
 showing my impatience (perhaps against the strict 
 rules of decency) by putting my finger frequently 
 on my mouth, to signify that I wanted food. The 
 hurgo (for so they call a great lord, as I afterward 
 learned) understood me very well. He descended 
 from the stage, and commanded that several ladders 
 should be applied to my sides, on which above an 
 hundred of the inhabitants mounted, and walked 
 toward my mouth, laden with baskets full of meat, 
 which had been provided and sent thither by the 
 king’s orders, upon the first intelligence he received 
 of me. I observed there was the flesh of several 
 animals, but could not distinguish them by the 
 taste. There were shoulders, legs, and loins, shaped 
 like those of mutton, and very well dressed, but 
 smaller than the wings of a lark. I eat them by 
 two or three at a mouthful, and took three loaves 
 at a time, about the bigness of musket-bullets. They 
 supplied me as fast as they could, showing a thousand 
 marks of wonder and astonishment at my bulk and 
 appetite. I then made another sign, that I wanted 
 drink. They found by my eating that a small 
 quantity would not suffice me; and, being a most 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 13 
 
 ingenious people, they slung up, with great dexterity, 
 one of their largest hogsheads, then rolled it toward 
 my hand, and beat out the top. I drank it off at a 
 draught, which I might well do, for it did not hold 
 half a pint, and tasted like a small* wine of 
 Burgundy, but much more delicious. They brought 
 me a second hogshead, which I drank in the same 
 manner, and made signs for more; but they had 
 none to give me. When | had performed these 
 wonders, they shouted for joy, and danced upon my 
 breast, repeating several times, as they did at first, 
 _ Hekinah degul. They made me asign that I should 
 throw down the two hogsheads, but first warning 
 the people below to stand out of the way, crying 
 aloud, Borach mivolah; and when they saw the 
 vessels in the air there was an universal shout of 
 Eekinah degul. 1 confess I was often tempted, 
 while they were passing backward and forward on 
 my body, to seize forty or fifty of the first that 
 came in my reach, and dash them against the 
 ground. But the remembrance cf what I had felt, 
 which probably might not be the worst they could 
 do, and the promise of honor I made them-—for so I 
 interpreted my submissive behavior—soon drove out 
 these imaginations. Besides, [ now considered my- 
 
 oo 
 
 * Not strong; not going to one’s head, 
 
14 — GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 self as bound by the laws of hospitality to a people 
 who had treated me with so much expense and 
 magnificence. However, in my thoughts I could 
 not sufficiently wonder at the intrepidity of these 
 diminutive mortals, who durst venture to mount 
 and walk upon my body, while one of my hands was 
 at liberty, without trembling at the very sight of so 
 prodigious a creature as I must appear to them. 
 After some time, when they observed that I made 
 no more demands for meat, there appeared before 
 
 me a person of high rank from his imperial majesty. _ 
 
 His excellency, having mounted on the small of my 
 right leg, advanced forward up to my face, with 
 about a dozen of his retinue; and producing his 
 credentials, under the signet-royal, which he applied 
 close to mine eyes, spoke about ten minutes without 
 any sigus of anger, but with a kind of determinate 
 resolution ; often pointing forward; which, as I 
 afterward found, was toward the capital city, about 
 half a mile distant, whither it was agreed by his 
 majesty in council that I must be conveyed. I an- 
 swered in few words, but to no purpose, and made 
 asign with my hand that was loose, putting it to 
 the other (but over his excellency’s head, for fear 
 
 of hurting him or his train), and then to my own 
 
 head and body, to signify that I desired my liberty. 
 
 It appeared that he understood me well enough, for : 
 
 ee i 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS 15 
 
 he shook his head by way of disapprobation, and 
 held his hand in a posture to show that I must be 
 carried as a prisoner. However, he made other 
 signs, to let me understand that I should have meat. 
 and drink enough, and very good treatment. Where- 
 upon, I once more thought of attempting to break 
 my bonds; but again, when I felt the smart of their 
 arrows upon my face and hands, which were all in 
 blisters, and many of the darts still sticking in them, 
 and observing likewise that the number of my 
 enemies increased, I gave tokens to let them know 
 that they might do with me what they pleased. 
 Upon this, the Aurgo and his train withdrew, with 
 much civility and cheerful countenances. Soon 
 after, I heard a general shout, with frequent 
 repetitions of the words Peplom selan,; and I felt 
 great numbers of the people on my left side, relax- 
 ing the cords to such a degree that I was able to 
 turn upon my right. But before this they had 
 - daubed my face and both my hands with a sort of 
 ointment, very pleasant to the smell, which, in a 
 few minutes, removed all the smart of their arrows. 
 These circumstances, added to the refreshment I had 
 received by their victuals and drink, which were 
 very nourishing, disposed me to sleep. I slept. 
 about eight hours, as I was afterward assured ; and 
 it was no wonder, for the physicians, by the emper 
 
16 GULLIVER’S TRAVHLB. 
 
 or’s order has mingled a sleepy potion in the hogs. 
 heads of wine. 
 
 It seems that upon the first moment I was dis- 
 covered sleeping on the ground, after my landing, 
 the emperor had early notice of it by an express, * 
 and determined in council that I should be tied in 
 the manner I have related (which was done in the 
 night, while I slept), that plenty of meat and drink 
 should be sent to me, and a machine prepared to 
 carry me to the capital city. 
 
 This resolution, perhaps, may appear very bold 
 and dangerous, and I am confident would not be 
 imitated by any prince in Europe, on the like 
 occasion. However, inmy opinion, it was extremely 
 prudent, as well as generous ; for supposing these 
 people had endeavored to kill me with their spears 
 and arrows while I was asleep, I should certainly 
 have awaked with the first sense of smart, which 
 might so far have roused my rage and strength as 
 to have enabled me to break the strings wherewith 
 I was tied; after which, as they were not able to 
 make resistance, so they could expect no mercy. 
 
 These people are most excellent mathematicians, 
 and arrived to a great perfection in mechanics,t by — 
 
 naan ERRAnESNEIRRERT 
 
 * A special messenger. 
 
 +The art of constructing machinery of all kinds. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVRIS 1Y 
 
 the countenance and encouragement of the emperor, 
 who is a renowned patron of learning. This prince 
 has several machines fixed on wheels, for the car- 
 riage of trees and other great weights. He often 
 builds his largest men-of-war, whereof some are 
 nine feet long, in the woods where the timber 
 grows, and has them carried on these engines, three 
 or four hundred yards, to the sea. Five hundred 
 carpenters and engineers were immediately set at 
 work to prepare the greatest engine they had. [It 
 was a frame of wood raised three inches from the 
 ground, about seven foot long, and four wide, 
 moving upon twenty-two wheels. The shout I 
 heard was upon the arrival of this engine, which, it 
 seems, set out in four hours after my landing. It 
 was brought parallel to meas I lay. But the prin- 
 cipal difficulty was to raise and place me in this 
 vehicle. Eighty poles, each of one foot high, were 
 erected for this purpose, and very strong cords, of 
 the bigness of pack-thread, were fastened by hooks 
 to many bandages, which the workmen had girt 
 round my neck, my hands, my body, and. my legs. 
 Nine hundred of the strongest men were employed 
 to draw up these cords, by many pulleys fastened on 
 the poles; and thus, in less than three hours, I was 
 raised and slung into the engine, and there tied fast. 
 All this I was told; for, while the whole operation 
 
18 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 was performing, Ilay ina profound sleep, by the 
 force of that soporiferous medicine infused into my 
 liquor. Fifteen hundred of the emperor’s largest 
 horses, each about four inches and a half high, were 
 employed to draw me toward the metropolis, which, 
 as I said, was half a mile distant. 
 
 About four hours after we began our journey, | 
 awaked by a very ridiculous accident; for the car- 
 riage being stopped awhile to adjust something that 
 was out of order, two or three of the young 
 natives had the curiosity to see how I looked when 
 I was asleep ; they climbed up into the engine, and 
 advancing very softly to my face, one of them, an 
 officer in the guards, put the sharp end of his half- 
 pike a good way up into my left nostril, which 
 tickled my nose like a straw, and made me sneeze 
 violently ; whereupon they stole off unperceived, 
 and it was three weeks before I knew the cause of 
 my awaking so suddenly. We madea long march 
 the remaining part of that day, and rested at night 
 with five hundred guards on each side of me, half 
 with torches, and half with bows and arrows, ready 
 to shoot me if I should offer to stir. The next 
 morning at sunrise we continued our march, and 
 arrived within two hundred yards of the city gates 
 about noon. The emperor, and all his court, came 
 out to meet us, but his great officers would by no 
 
 a i i I i 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 19 
 
 means suffer his majesty to endanger his person by 
 mounting on my body. 
 
 At the place where the carriage stopped there 
 stood an ancient temple, esteemed to be the largest 
 in the whole kingdom ; which, having been polluted 
 some years before by an unnatural murder, was, ac- 
 cording to the zeal of those people, looked on as 
 _ profane, and therefore had been applied to common 
 use, and all the ornaments and furniture carried 
 away. In this edifice it was determined I should 
 lodge. The great gate fronting to the north was 
 about four foot high, and almost two foot wide, 
 through which I could easily creep. On each side 
 of the gate was a small window, not above six 
 inches from the ground: into that on the left side 
 the king’s smiths conveyed fourscore and eleven 
 chains, like those that hang to a lady’s watch in 
 Europe, and almost as large, which were locked to 
 my left leg with thirty-six padlocks. Over against 
 this temple, on t’other side of the great highway, at 
 twenty foot distance, there was a turret at least 
 five foot high. Here the emperor ascended, with 
 many principal lords of his court, to have an oppor- 
 tunity of viewing me, as I was told, for I could not 
 see them. It was reckoned that above an hundred 
 thousand inhabitants came out of the town upon the 
 same errand ; and, in spite of my guards, I believe 
 
29 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 there could not be fewer than ten thousand at 
 several times. who mounted upon my body by the 
 help of ladders. But a proclamation was soon 
 issued to forbid it upon pain of death. When the 
 workmen found it was impossible for me to break 
 loose they cut all the strings that bound me; 
 whereupon I rose up, with as melancholy a dis- 
 position as ever I had in my life. But the noise 
 and astonishment of the people, at seeing me rise 
 and walk, are not to be expressed. The chains that 
 held my left leg were about two yards long, and 
 gave me not only the liberty of walking backward 
 and forward in a semicircle, but, being fixed within 
 four inches of the gate, allowed me to creep in and 
 lie at my full length in the temple, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 2] 
 
 OHAPTER IL 
 
 The Emperor of Lilliput, attended by Several of the Nobility, 
 comes to see the Author in his Confinement—The Em- 
 peror’s Person and Habit described — Learned men 
 appointed to teach the Author their Language—He gains 
 favor by his mild Disposition—His Pockets are searched, 
 and his Sword and Pistols taken from him. 
 
 Wuen [| found myself on my feet I looked about 
 me, and must confess [ never beheld a more enter- 
 taining prospect. The country round appeared like 
 a continued garden, and the enclosed fields, which 
 _ were generally forty foot square, resembled so many 
 beds of flowers. These fields were intermingled 
 with woods of half a stang,* and the tallest trees, 
 as I could judge, appeared tc be seven foot high. 
 I viewed the town on my left hand, which looked 
 like the painted scene of a city in a theater. 
 
 The emperor was already descended from the 
 tower, and advancing on horseback toward me, 
 which had like to have cost him dear, for the beast, 
 
 * An old name for a pole or perch (16 1-2 feet); also for a 
 ‘rood of ground. 
 
22 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS: 
 
 though very weli trained, yet wholly unused to 
 such a sight, which appeared as if a mountain moved ; 
 before him, reared up on his hinder feet; but that 
 prince, who is an excellent horseman, kept his seat 
 till his attendants ran in and held the bridle while — 
 his majesty had time to dismount. When he © 
 alighted he surveyed me round with great admira- 
 tion, but kept beyond the length of my chain. He — 
 ordered his cooks and butlers, who were already 
 prepared, to give me victuals and drink, which they ~ 
 pushed forward in sorts of vehicle upon wheels ; 
 till I could reach them. I took these vehicles, and 
 soon emptied them all; twenty of them were filled — 
 with meat, and ten with liquor; each of the former — 
 afforded me two or three good mouthfuls, and I 
 emptied the liquor of ten vessels, which was con- 
 tained in earthen vials, into one vehicle, drinking it — 
 off at a draught, and so I did with the rest. The — 
 empress and young princes of the blood, of both ~ 
 sexes, attended by many ladies, sat at some distance — 
 in their chairs,* but upon the accident that hap- — 
 pened to the emperor’s horse they alighted and | 
 came near his person, which I am now going to- 
 describe. He is taller, by almost the breadth of 
 
 * That is sedans or sedan-chairs, such as were formerly — 
 
 common, a kind of box for one person, borne ‘by two men by | 
 means of poles, and serving the purpose of a cab. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 23 
 
 my nail, than any of his court, which alone is 
 enough to strike an awe into the beholders. His 
 features are strong and masculine, with an Austrian 
 lip and arched nose; his complexion olive, his 
 countenance erect, his body and limbs well propor- 
 tioned, all his motions graceful, and his deportment 
 majestic. He was then past his prime, being 
 twenty-eight years and three-quarters old,* of which 
 he had reigned about seven in great felicity, and 
 generally victorious. For the better convenience 
 of beholding him I lay on my side, so that my face 
 was parallel to his, and he stood but three yards 
 off; however, I have had him since many times 
 in my hand, and therefore cannot be deceived in 
 the description. His dress was very plain and 
 simple, and the fashion of it between the Asiatic 
 and the European; but he had on his head a light 
 helmet of gold, adorned with jewels, and a plume 
 on the crest. He held his sword drawn in his hand 
 to defend himself if I should happen to break loose; 
 it was almost three inches long, the hilt and scab- 
 bard were gold enriched with diamonds. His voice 
 was shrill, but very clear and articulate, and I could 
 distinctly hear it when I stood up. The ladies and 
 
 * The lives of the Lilliputians were considerably shorter than 
 ours, it must be understood. 
 
24 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 courtiers were all most magniticently clad, so that 
 the spot they stood upon seemed to resemble a 
 petticoat spread on the ground embroidered with 
 figures of gold and silver. His imperial majesty 
 spoke often to me, and I returned answers, but 
 neither of us could understand a syllable. There 
 were several of his priests and lawyers present (as [ 
 conjectured by their habits), who were commanded 
 to address themselves to me, and I spoke to them in 
 as many languages as I lad the least smattering of, 
 which were High and Low Dutch,* Latin, French, 
 Spanish, Italian, and Lingua Franca,} but all to no 
 purpose. Aiter about two hours the court retired, 
 and I was left with a strong guard to prevent the 
 impertinence and probably the malice of the rabble, 
 who were very impatient to crowd about me as 
 near as they durst, and some of them had the 
 impudence to shoot their arrows at me as I sate on 
 the ground by the door of my house, whereof one 
 very narrowly missed my left eve. But the colonel 
 ordered six of the ringleaders to be seized, and 
 thought no punishment so proper as to deliver them 
 
 * Or, as we should say, German and Dutch. 
 
 +t A mixed dialect used in some parts of the Mediterranean 
 coasts as a means of communication between persons of 
 different nationality, and largely consisting of corrupted 
 italian words. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 25 
 
 bound into my hands, which some of his soldiers 
 accordingly did, pushing them forward with the 
 butt-ends of their pikes into my reach. I took them 
 all in my right hand, put five of them into my coat 
 pocket, and as to the sixth, I made a countenance 
 as if I would eat him alive. The poor man squalled 
 terribly, and the colonel and his officers were in 
 much pain, especially when they saw me take out 
 my penknife, but I soon put them out of fear, for 
 looking mildly, and immediately cutting the strings 
 he was bound with, I set him gently on the ground, 
 and away he ran. I treated the rest in the same 
 manner, taking them one by one out of my pocket, 
 and I observed both the soldiers and people were 
 highly delighted at this mark of my clemency, 
 which was represented very much to my advantage 
 at court. 
 
 Toward night I got with some difficulty into my 
 house, where I lay on the ground, and continued to 
 do so about a fortnight, during which time the 
 emperor gave orders to have a bed prepared for me. 
 Six hundred beds of the common measure were 
 brought in carriages, and worked up in my house; 
 an hundred and fifty of their beds sewn together 
 made up the breadth and length, and these were 
 four double, which, however, kept me but very in- 
 differently from the hardness of the floor, that was 
 
96 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 of smooth stone. By the same computation they 
 provided me with sheets, blankets, and coverlets, 
 tolerable enough for one who had been so long 
 inured to hardships as L. 
 
 As the news of my arrival spread through the © 
 kingdom, it brought prodigious numbers of rich, idle, 
 and curious people to see me; so that the villages © 
 were almost emptied ; and great neglect of tillage 
 and household affairs must have ensued, if his im- 
 perial majesty had not provided, by several proc- — 
 lamations and orders of state, against this incon- 
 veniency. He directed that those who had already | 
 ‘beheld me should return home, and not presume to— 
 come within fifty yards of my house without © 
 license from court ; whereby the secretaries of state . 
 got considerable fees. 
 
 In the meantime the emperor held frequent — 
 councils, to debate what course should be taken with — 
 me; and I was afterward assured by a particular 
 friend, a person of great quality,* who was looked 
 upon to be as much in the secret as any, that the 
 
 ee 
 
 court was under many difficulties concerning me. 
 They apprehended my breaking loose; that my diet | 
 would be very expensive, and might cause a famine. © 
 Sometimes they determined to starve me, or at least ; 
 
 * Of high rank. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 27 
 
 to shoot me in the face and hands with poisoned 
 arrows, which would soon despatch me; but again 
 they considered that the stench of so large a carcass 
 might produce a plague in the metropolis, and prob- 
 ably spread through the whole kingdom. In the 
 midst of these consultations, several officers of the 
 army went to the door of the great council-chamber, 
 and two of them being admitted, gave an account of 
 
 my behavior to the six criminals above mentioned, 
 which made so favorable an impression in the breast 
 of his majesty and the whole board in my behalf, 
 that an imperial commission was ‘issued out obliging 
 all the villages nine hundred yards round the city 
 to deliver in every morning six beeves,* forty sheep, 
 _and other victuals for my sustenance; together with 
 'a proportionable quantity of bread, and wine, and 
 
 other liquors; for the due payment of which his 
 ‘Majesty gave assignmentst upon his treasury— 
 for this prince lives chiefly upon his own demesnes ; ¢ 
 ‘seldom, except upon great, occasions, raising any 
 ‘subsidies upon his subjects, who are bound to attend 
 ‘him in his wars at their own expense. An establish- 
 ‘ment was also made of six hundred persons to be 
 ‘my domestics, who had board wages allowed for 
 
 _ * Cattle; oxen. + Orders or drafts for money. 
 
 t Domains ; lands. 
 
28 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 their maintenance, and tents built for them, very 
 
 conveniently on each side of my door. It was like- 
 wise ordered that three hundred tailors should make 
 me a suit of clothes, after the fashion of the country ; 
 that six of his majesty’s greatest scholars should be 
 employed to instruct me in their language; and, 
 lastly, that the emperor’s horses, and those of the 
 nobility, and troops of guard, should be frequently 
 exercised in my sight, to accustom themselves to me. 
 All these orders were duly put in execution; and in 
 about three weeks I made a great progress in learning 
 their language; during which time the emperor 
 frequently honored me with his visits, and was 
 pleased to assist my masters in teaching me. We 
 began already to converse together in some sort: 
 and the first words I learned were to express my 
 
 desire that he would please to give me my liberty; 
 which I every day repeated on my knees. His _ 
 answer, as I could apprehend it, was, that this must 
 be a work of time, not to be thought on without the - 
 advice of his council, and that first [ must lwmos— 
 kelmin pesso desmar lon emposo; that is, swear a 
 peace with him and his kingdom. However, that I | 
 should be used with all kindness. And he advised — 
 me to acquire, by my patience and discreet behavior, 
 the good opinion of himself and his subjects. He- 
 desired I would not take it ill, if he gave orders to 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 29 
 
 certain proper officers to search me; for probably I 
 might carry about me several weapons, which must 
 needs be dangerous things, if they answered the 
 bulk of so prodigious a person. I said his majesty 
 should be satisfied ; for I was ready to strip myself, 
 and turn up my pockets before him. This 1 de- 
 livered, part in wordsand partin signs. He replied, 
 that by the laws of the kingdom, I must be searched 
 by two of his officers; that he knew this could not 
 be done without my consent and assistance: that he 
 had so good an opinion of my generosity and 
 justice as to trust their persons in my hands; that 
 whatever they took from me should be returned 
 when I left the country, or paid for at the rate 
 which I would set upon them. [ took up the two 
 officers in my hands, put them first into my coat 
 
 pockets, and then into every other pocket about me, 
 except my two fobs,* and another secret pocket I 
 ‘had no mind should be searched, wherein I had 
 ‘some little necessaries that were of no consequence 
 to any but myself. In cane of my fobs there was a 
 silver watch, and in the other a small quantity of 
 gold ina purse. These gentlemen, having pen, ink, 
 and paper about them, made an exact inventory of 
 everything they saw; and when they had done 
 
 * Small, deep pockets in the front of a person’s trousers. 
 
30 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 
 
 desired I would set them down, that they might 
 deliver it to the emperor. This inventory I after- 
 ward translated into English, and is word for word 
 as follows: 
 
 “ Imprimis,* In the right coat-pocket of the batt 
 man-mountain (for so I interpret the words guinbus 
 fiestrin), after the strictest search, we found only 
 one great piece of coarse cloth, large enough to be 
 a footcloth for your majesty’s chief room of state. 
 In the left pocket we saw a huge silver chest, with 
 a cover of the same metal, which we, the searchers, 
 were not able to lift. We desired it should be 
 opened, and one of us, stepping into it, found him- 
 self up to the mid-leg in a sort of dust, some part 
 whereof, flying up to our faces, set us both a-sneez- 
 ing for several times together. In his right waist- 
 coat pocket we found a prodigious bundle of white, 
 thin substances, folded one over another, about the 
 bigness of three men, tied with a strong cable, and 
 marked with black figures, which we humbly con- 
 ceive to be writings, every letter almost half as 
 large as the palm of our hands. In the left. there 
 was a sort of engine, from the back of which were 
 extended twenty long poles, resembling the Pasar 
 ‘does before your majesty’s court; wherewith we 
 
 * In the first place ; firstly. [Pron. im-pri’mis. ] 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVEHLS, 31 
 
 conjecture the man-mountain combs his head ; for 
 we did not always trouble him with questions, be- 
 cause we found it a great difficulty to make him 
 understand us. In the large pocket, on the right 
 side of his middle cover (so I translate the word 
 ranfu-lo, by which they meant my breeches), we 
 saw a hollow pillar of iron, about the length of a 
 man, fastened to a strong piece of timber larger 
 than the pillar; and upon one side of the pillar were 
 huge pieces of iron sticking out, cut into strange 
 figures, which we know not what to make of. In 
 
 the left pocket, another engine of the same kind. 
 In the smaller pocket, on the right side, were several 
 round, flat pieces of white and red metal, of differ- 
 ent bulk; some of the white, which seemed to be 
 silver, were so large and heavy that my comrade 
 and I could hardly lift them. In the seft pocket 
 were two black pillars irregularly shaped: we could 
 not, without difficulty, reach the top of them, as we 
 stood at the bottom of his pocket. ne of them 
 was covered and seemed all of a piece but at the 
 ipper end of the other there appeared a white, 
 ‘ound substance, about twice the bigness of our 
 
 aeads. Within each of these was enclosed a pro- 
 ligious plate of steel; which, by our orders, we 
 bliged him to show us, because we apprehended 
 hey might be dangerous engines. He took them 
 
32 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 out of their cases, and told us that, in his own 
 country, his practice was to shave his beard with 
 one of these, and to cut his meat with the other. 
 There were two pockets which we could not enter; 
 
 “ We saw certain strange figures circularly drawn.” 
 
 these he called his fobs; they were two large slits 
 cut into the top of his middle cover, but squeezed 
 close by the pressure of his belly. Out of the right 
 fob hung a great silver chain, with a wonderful 
 kind of engine at the bottom. We directed him to 
 draw out whatever was at the end of that chain, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 33 
 
 which appeared to be a globe, half silver, and 
 half of some transparent metal; for, on the trans- 
 parent side, we saw certain strange figures circu- 
 larly drawn, and thought we could touch them, till 
 we found our fingers stopped by that lucid* sub- 
 stance. He put this engine to our ears, which made 
 an incessant noise like that of a water-mill: and we 
 conjecture it is either some unknown animal, or the 
 god that he worships; but we-are more inclined to 
 the latter opinion, because he assured us (if we un- 
 derstood him right, for he expressed himself very 
 imperfectly), that he seldom did anything without 
 consulting it. He called it his oracle, and said it 
 pointed out the time for every action of his life. 
 From the left fob he took out a net, almost large 
 enough for a fisherman, but contrived to open and 
 shut like a purse, and served him for the same use: 
 we found therein several massy pieces of yellow 
 metal. which, if they be real gold, must be of im- 
 mense value. 
 
 “Having thus, in obedience to your majesty’s 
 commands, diligently searched all his pockets, we 
 observed a girdle about his waist, made of the hide 
 of some prodigious animal, from which, on the left 
 side, hung a sword of the length of five men; and 
 
 * Shining ; transparent. 
 
34 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 on the right, a bag or pouch divided into two cells, 
 each cell capable of holding three of your majesty’s 
 subjects. In one of these cells were several globes 
 or balls, of a most ponderous metal, about the big- 
 ness of our heads, and required a strong hand to lift 
 them; the other cell contained a heap of certain 
 black grains, but of no great bulk or weight, for we 
 could hold above fifty of them in the palms of our 
 hands. be 
 
 “This is an exact inventory of what we found 
 about the body of the man-mountain, who used us 
 with great civility, and due respect to your majesty’s 
 
 commission. Signed and sealed on the fourth day 
 of the eighty-ninth moon of your majesty’s auspi-_ 
 
 cious reign. 
 “ CrerREN FRELOCK, Marst FRELOoK.” 
 
 When this inventory was read over to the emperor | 
 
 he directed me, although in very gentle terms, to 
 
 deliver up the several particulars. He first called 
 
 for my scimitar,* which I took out, scabbard and 
 
 all. In the meantime he ordered three thousand of 
 his choicest troops (who then attended him) to sur- 
 round me at a distance, with their bows and arrows. 
 just ready. to discharge; but I did not observe it, 
 
 —~ 
 
 * A scimitar is properly a curved sword such as is worn by 
 
 the Turks and other Orientals, 
 
 | 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 35 
 
 for mine eyes were wholly fixed upon his majesty. 
 He then desired me to draw my scimitar, which, 
 although it had got some rust by the sea-water, was 
 in most parts exceeding bright. I did so, and im- 
 mediately all the troops gave a shout between terror 
 and surprise: for the sun shone clear, and the reflec- 
 tion dazzled their eyes, as I waved the scimitar to 
 and fro in my hand. His majesty, who is a most 
 magnanimous prince, was less daunted than I could 
 expect: he ordered me to return it into the scab- 
 bard, and cast it on the ground as gently as I could, 
 about six foot from the end of my chain. The next 
 thing he demanded was one of the hollow iron pil- 
 lars: by which he meant my pocket-pistols. I drew 
 it out, and at his desire, as well as I could, expressed 
 to him the use of it; and charging it only with 
 powder, which, by the closeness of my pouch, hap- 
 pened to escape wetting in the sea (an inconvenience 
 
 against which all prudent mariners take special care 
 to provide), I first cautioned the emperors not to be 
 wfraid, and then [I let it off in the air. The astonish- 
 ment here was much greater than at the sight of 
 my scimitar. Hundreds fell down as if they had 
 deen struck dead; and even the emperor, although 
 1e stood his ground, could not recover himself in 
 ome time. I delivered up both my pistols in the 
 ame manner as I had done my scimitar, and then 
 
 oo a ~~ 
 
36 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 my pouch of powder and bullets; begging him that 
 the former might be kept from the fire, for it would 
 kindle with the smallest spark, and blow up his im- 
 perial palace into the air. I likewise delivered up 
 my watch, which the emperor was very curious to 
 see, and commanded two of his tallest yeomen of 
 the guards* to bear it on a pole upon their shoulders, 
 as draymen in England do a barrel of ale. He was 
 amazed at the continual noise it made, and the 
 motion of the minute-hand, which he could easily 
 discern; for their sight is much more acute than 
 ours: and asked the opinions of his learned men 
 about him, which were various and remote, as the 
 reader may well imagine without my repeating ; 
 although, indeed, I could not very perfectly under- 
 stand them. I then gave up my silver and copper 
 money, my purse with nine large pieces of gold and 
 some smaller ones; my knife and razor, my comb 
 and silver snuff-box, my handkerchief, and journal- 
 book. My scimitar, pistols, and pouch were con- 
 veyed in carriages to his majesty’s stores; but the 
 rest of my goods were returned me. 
 
 I had, as I before observed, one private pocket, 
 which escaped their search, wherein there was a 
 pair of spectacles (which I somctimes use for the 
 
 * The yeomen of the guard in England are the body-guard 
 of the sovereign. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 3” 
 
 weakness of mine eyes), a pocket perspective,* and 
 several other little conveniences ; which, being of 
 no consequence to the emperor, I did not think my- 
 self bound in honor to discover,+ and I apprehended 
 they might be lost or spoiled if I ventured them out 
 of my possession. 
 
 * An old name for a telescope. 
 
 tShow: find out is now the common meaning. 
 
Bee ent QULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Author diverts the Emperor, and his Nobility of both 
 sexes, in a very uncommon manner—The diversions of 
 the Court of Lilliput described—The Author has his 
 Liberty granted him upon certain conditions. 
 
 My gentleness and good behavior had gained so 
 far on the emperor and his court, and indeed upon 
 the army and people in general, that I began to 
 conceive hopes of getting my liberty ina short time. 
 ‘I took all possible methods to cultivate this favor- 
 able disposition. The natives came, by degrees, to 
 be less apprehensive of any danger from me. I 
 would sometimes lie down, and let five or six of 
 
 them dance on my hand; and at last the boys and 
 
 girls would venture to come and play at hide-and- 
 
 seek in my hair. [ had now made a good progress: 
 in understanding and speaking their language. The 
 emperor had a mind one day to entertain me with 
 several of the country shows, wherein they exceed 
 all nations I have known, both for dexterity and 
 magnificence. I was diverted with none so much 
 
 as that of the rope-dancers, performed upon a 
 slender white thread, extended about two foot and 
 
 ea er = 
 
 dl i ae 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 39 
 
 twelve inches from the ground. Upon which I 
 shall desire liberty, with the reader’s patience, to 
 enlarge a little. 
 
 This diverson is only practised by those persons 
 who are candidates for great employments and high 
 favor at court. They are trained in this art from 
 their youth, and are not always of noble birth or 
 liberal education. When a great office is vacant, 
 either by death or disgrace (which often happens), 
 five or six of those candidates petition the emperor 
 to entertain his majesty and the court with a dance 
 on the rope; anc whoever jumps the highest with- 
 out failing, succeeds in the office. Very often the 
 chief ministers th mselves are commanded to show 
 their skill, and tc convince the emperor that they 
 have not lost their faculty. Flimnap, the treasurer, 
 is allowed to cut a caper on the straight rope, at 
 least an inch higher than any other lord in the 
 whole empire. I have seen him do the summerset: 
 several times together, upon a trencher* fixed on 
 the rope, which is no thicker than a common pack- 
 thread in England. My friend Reldresal, principal 
 secretary for private affairs, is, in my opinion, if I 
 am not partial, the second after the treasurer ; the 
 test of the great officers are much upon a par. 
 
 * A sort of wooden plate or fiat dish. 
 
4f) GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 These diversions are often attended with fatal 
 accidents, whereof great numbers are on record. I 
 myself have seen two or three candidates break a 
 limb. But the danger is much greater when the 
 ministers themselves are commanded to show their 
 dexterity ; for, by contending to excel themselves 
 and their fellows, they strain so far that there is 
 hardly one of them who hath not received a fall, 
 and some of them two or three. I was assured that, 
 a year or two before my arrival, Flimnap would 
 have infallibly broke his neck if one of the king’s 
 cushions, that accidentally lay on the ground, had 
 not weakened the force of his fall. 
 
 There is likewise anoth:r diversion, which is only 
 shown before the emperor and empress, and first 
 minister, upon particular occasions. The emperor 
 lays on atabie three fine silken threads of six inches 
 long; one is blue, the other red, and the third 
 -green. These threads are proposed as prizes for 
 those persons whom the emperor hath a mind to 
 distinguish by a peculiar mark of his favor. The 
 ceremony is performed in his majesty’s great cham- 
 ber of state, where the candidates are to undergo a 
 trial of dexterity, very different from the former, 
 and such as I have not observed the least resem- 
 blance of in any other country of the old or the 
 new world. The emperor holds a stick in his hands, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. . At 
 
 both ends parallel to the horizon, while the candi- 
 dates advancing, one by one, sometimes leap over 
 the stick, sometimes creep under it, backward and 
 forward, several times, according as the stick is 
 
 Ss. 
 — 
 
 1 SS 
 ---———_ a 
 SS 
 Ae 
 Wok 
 
 SS 
 SS oy 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 Wy 
 ‘ 
 
 & r 
 
 ‘ 
 
 KAR 
 RSS | 
 
 SS 
 
 “Whoever performs his part with most agility is rewarded with the blue 
 colored silk.” 
 
 ivanced or depressed. Sometimes the emperor 
 aids one end of the stick, and his first minister the 
 ther; sometimes the minister has it entirely to 
 mself, Whoever performs his part with most 
 sllity, and holds out the longest in leaping and 
 
49 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 
 
 creeping, is rewarded with the blue colored silk ; 
 and red is given to the next, and the green to the 
 third, which they all wear girt twice round about 
 the middle; and you see few great persons about 
 this court who are not adorned with one of these 
 girdles. 
 
 The horses of the army, and those of the royal 
 stables, having been daily led before me, were no 
 longer shy, but would come upto my very feet 
 without starting. The riders would leap them over 
 my hand, as I held it on the ground; and one of 
 the emperor’s huntsmen, upon a large courser, took 
 my foot, shoe and all, which was indeed a prodigious 
 leap. I had the good fortune to divert the emperor 
 one day after a very extraordinary manner. i 
 desired he would order several sticks of two foot 
 high, and the thickness of an ordinary cane, to be 
 
 brought me; whereupon his majesty commanded 
 the master of his woods to give directions accord- 
 ingly; and the next morning six woodmen arrived 
 v.th as many carriages, drawn by eight horses to 
 each. I took nine of these sticks, and fixing them 
 firmly in the ground in a quadrangular figure, two 
 foot and a half square, I took four other sticks, and 
 tied them parallel at each corner, about two foot 
 from the ground; then I fastened my handkerchief 
 to the nine sticks that stood erect, and extended it 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 43 
 
 on all sides, till it was as tight as the top of adrum; 
 and the four parallel sticks, rising about five inches 
 higher than the handkerchief, served as ledges on 
 each side. When I had finished my work, I desired 
 the emperor to let a troop of his best horse, twenty- 
 four in number, come and exercise upon this plain. 
 His majesty approved of the proposal, and I took 
 them up, one by one, in my hands, ready mounted 
 and armed, with the proper officers to exercise 
 them. As soon as they got into order they divided 
 into two parties, performed mock skirmishes, dis- 
 charged blunt arrows, drew their swords, fled and 
 pursued, attacked and retired, and, in short, dis- 
 covered the best military discipline I ever beheld. 
 The parallel sticks secured them and their horses 
 from falling over the stage; and the emperor was 
 so much delighted that he ordered this entertain- 
 ment to be repeated several days, and once was 
 pleased to be lifted up and give the word of com- 
 mand; and with great difficulty persuaded even the 
 mpress herself to let me hold her in her close chair 
 within two yards of the stage, from whence she was 
 able to take a full view of the whole performance. It 
 was my good fortune that no ill accident happened 
 n these entertainments; only once a fiery horse, 
 shat belonged to one of the captains, pawing with 
 us hoof, struck a hole in my handkerchief, and his: 
 
44 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 foot slipping, he overthrew his rider and himself ; 
 but I immediately relieved them both, and covering 
 the hole with one hand, I set down the troop with 
 the other, in the same manner as | took them up. 
 The horse that fell was strained in the left shoulder, 
 but the rider got no hurt; and I repaired my hand 
 kerchief as well as I could: however, I would not 
 trust to the strength of it any more in such dan. 
 
 gerous enterprises. 
 About two or three days before I was set at 
 
 liberty, as I was entertaining the court with these 
 kind of feats, there arrived an express to inform his 
 majesty that some of his subjects, riding near the 
 place where I was first taken up, had seen a oveat 
 black substance lying on the ground, very oddly 
 shaped, extending its edges round, as wide as his 
 majesty’s bedchamber, and rising up in the middle 
 as high as a man; that it was no living creature, as 
 they at first apprehended, for it lay on the grass 
 without motion, and some of them had walke 
 round it several times; that, by mounting upo 
 each other’s shoulders, they had got to the top 
 which was flat and even, and stamping upon it 
 they found it was hollow within; that they humbly 
 conceived it might be something belonging to thy 
 man-mountain; and, if his majesty pleased, the} 
 would undertake to bring it with only five horses 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 45 
 
 I presently knew what they meant, and was glad at 
 heart to receive this intelligence. It seems, upon 
 my first reaching the shore after our shipwreck I 
 was in such contusion that, before I came to the 
 place where I went to sleep, my hat, which I had 
 fastened with a string to my head while I was row- 
 ing, and had stuck on al! the time I was swimming, 
 fell off after I came to land; the string, as I con- 
 jecture, breaking by some accident which 1 never 
 observed, but thought my hat had been lost at sea. 
 ITentreated his imperial majesty to give orders it 
 might be brought to me as soon as_ possible, 
 ‘describing to him the use and the nature of it: and 
 ‘the next day the wagoners arrived with it, but not 
 ‘ma very good condition ; they had bored two holes 
 ‘in the brim, within an inch and a half of the edge, 
 and fastened two hooks in the holes; these hooks 
 were tied by a long cord to the harness, and thus 
 iy hat was dragged along for above half an Eng- 
 lish mile; but the ground in that country being ex- 
 ‘tremely smooth and level, it received less damage 
 ‘than I expected. 
 
 Two days after this adventure, the emperor, 
 having oraered that part of hisarmy which quarters 
 | In and about his metropolis to be in readiness, took 
 ‘a fancy of diverting himself in a very singular 
 ; 
 | 
 ! 
 
 a 
 
 | 
 
46 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 manner. He desired 1 would stand like a Colossus,* 
 with my legs as far asunder as I conveniently could. | 
 He then commanded his general (who was an old 
 experienced leader, and a great patron of mine) to 
 draw up the troops in close order and march them ~ 
 under me; the foot by twenty-four in abreast,+ and _ 
 the horse by sixteen, with drums beating, colors _ 
 flying, and pikes advanced. This body consisted of 
 three thousand foot and a thousand horse. . 
 I had sent so many memorials and petitions for 
 my liberty, that his majesty at length mentioned 
 the matter, first in the cabinet, and then in a full . 
 council; where it was opposed by none except 
 Skyresh Bolgolam, who was pleased, without any 
 provocation, to be my mortal enemy. But it was_ 
 carried against him by the whole board, and con- | 
 firmed by the emperor. That minister was galbet, | 
 or admiral of the realm, very much in his master’s 
 confidence, and a person well versed in affairs, but 
 of a morose and sour complexion.t However, he 
 was at length persuaded to comply; but prevailed 
 
 * The celebrated Colossus of antiquity was a brass statue 
 over 100 feet high at the entrance of the harbor of Rhodes, 
 popularity, but incorrectly, said to have stood with the legs 
 apart so that ships sailed through between. 
 
 + In ranks of twenty-four men abreast, or side by side. 
 
 t Disposition; character. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 41 
 
 that the articles and conditions upon which I should 
 be set free, and to which I must swear, should be 
 drawn up by himself. These articles were brought 
 to me by Skyresh Bolgo.am in person, attended by 
 two under-secretaries and several persons of dis- 
 tinction. After they were read, I was demanded to 
 swear to the performance of them; first in the 
 manner of my own country, and afterward in the 
 method prescribed by their laws; which was, to 
 hold my right foot in my left hand, to place the 
 middle finger of my right hand on the crown of my 
 head, and my thumb on the tip of my right ear. 
 But because the reader may perhaps be curious to 
 have some idea of the style and manner of expression 
 peculiar to that people, as well as to know the 
 articles upon which I recovered my liberty, I have 
 made a translation of the whole instrument, word 
 for word, as near as I was able, which I here offer 
 to the public: 
 
 “Golbasto Momarem Evlame Gurdilo Shefin 
 Mully Ully Gue, most mighty Emperor of Lilliput, 
 delight and terror of the universe, whose dominions 
 extend five thousands dblustrugs (about twelve miles 
 in circumference) to the extremities of the globe; 
 monarch of all monarchs, taller than the sons of 
 men; whose feet press down to the center, and 
 Whose head strikes against the sun, at whose nod 
 the princes of the earth shake their knees; pleasant 
 as the spring, comfortable as the summer, fruitful 
 
AS GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 as autumn, dreadful as winter. His most sublime — 
 majesty proposes to the man-mountain, lately — 
 arrived at our celestial dominions, the following, — 
 articles, which, by a solemn oath, he shall be obliged © 
 to perform : | 
 “1st. The man-mountain shall not depart from 
 our dominions without our license under our great 
 seal. . 
 “9d. He shall not presume to come into our 
 metropolis without our express order; at which— 
 time the inhabitants shall have two hours’ warning” 
 to keep within their doors. | 
 “3d. The said man-mountain shall confine his 
 walks to our principal highroads, and not offer to” 
 walk, or lie down, in a meadow or field of corn. 
 “4th. As he walks the said roads he shall take? 
 the utmost care not to trample upon the bodies of | 
 any of our loving subjects, their horses, or carriages, | 
 nor take any of our said subjects into his hands _ 
 without their own consent. , 
 “5th. If an express* requires extraordinary dis- 
 patch, the man-mountain shall be obliged to carry” 
 in his pocket the messenger and horse a six days’ 
 journey, once in every moon, and return the said) 
 messenger back (if so required) safe to our imperial 
 presence. ¥ 
 “6th. He shall be our ally against our enemies in) 
 the island of Blefuscu, and do his utmost to destroy 
 their fleet, which is now preparing to invade us. — 
 “th. That the said man-mountain shall, at his 
 times of leisure, be aiding and assisting to our work- 
 men, in helping to raise certain great stones, Lov 
 covering the wall of the principal park, and other 
 our royal buildings. | 
 “8th. That the said man-mountain shall, in twa 
 moons’ time, deliver in an exact survey of the cir 
 ONE At AON MEINE ais 
 
 —— 
 
 * A special or pressing message. 
 : 5 Fa) 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 49 
 
 cumference of our dominions, by a computation of 
 his own paces round the coast. 
 
 “ Lastly. That, upon his solemn oath to observe 
 all the above articles, the said man-mountain shall 
 have a daily allowance of meat and drink sufficient 
 for the support of 1,728 » 
 of our subjects, with 
 free access to our royal 
 person, and other marks 
 of our favor. Given at 
 our palace at Belfa- 
 borac, the twelfth day 
 of the ninety-first moon 
 of our reign.” 
 
 I swore and _ sgub- 
 scribed to these articles : 
 vith great cheerfulness RN? AS 
 md content, although aa 
 
 ome of them were not 
 0 honorable as I could 
 lave wished; which 
 roceeded wholly from 
 he malice of Skyresh 
 olgolam, the high-ad- 
 ural; whereupon my 
 
 NO Ree xa 
 ‘ ‘i bie 68 
 BOAT Th a hy , 
 
 Silels : 
 
 dains were immedi- 
 tely unlocked, and [  ‘‘Istepped over the great we or 
 
 : gate and passed very gently. 
 as at full liberty. The 
 mperor himself in person, did me the honor to 
 2 by at the whole ceremony. I made my 
 
50 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 acknowledgments by prostrating myself at his 
 
 majesty’s feet : but he commanded me to rise; and 
 after many gracious expressions, which, to avoid the 
 censure of vanity I shall not repeat, he added, that 
 he hoped I should prove a useful servant, and well 
 deserve all the favors he had already conferred 
 upon me, or might do for the future. 
 
 The reader may please to observe, that, in the last 
 article for the recovery of my liberty, the emperor 
 stimulates to allow me a quantity of meat and drink 
 sufficient for the support of 1,728 Lilliputians. Some 
 time after, asking a friend at court how they came 
 to fix on that determinate number, he told me that 
 his majesty’s mathematicians, having taken the 
 height of my body by the help of a quadrant,* and 
 finding it to exceed theirs in_ the proportion of 
 twelve to one, they concluded, from the similiarity 
 of their bodies, that mine must contain at least 1,72 
 of theirs, and consequently would require as much 
 food as was necessary to support that number ol 
 Lilliputians. By which the reader may conceive at 
 idea of the ingenuity of that people, as well as the 
 
 prudent and exact economy of so great a prince. 
 
 * A mathematical instrument formerly used in astronom] 
 and navigation, and now replaced by the sextant. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 g1 
 = 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Mildendo, the metropolis of Lilliput, described, together with 
 the Emperor’s Palace—A conversation between the Author 
 and a Principal Secretary, concerning the affairs of that 
 Empire—The Author’s offers to serve the Emperor in his 
 wars. 
 
 Tue first request I made, after I had obtained my 
 liberty, was, that I might have license to see Mil- 
 dendo, the metropolis; which the emperor easily 
 
 granted me, but with a special charge to do no hurt 
 aither to the inhabitants or their houses. The 
 eople had notice, by proclamation, of my design to 
 isit the town. The wall, which encompassed. it, is 
 wo foot and a half high, and at least eleven inches 
 road, so that a coach and horses may be driven 
 very safely round it; and it is flanked with strong 
 wers at ten foot distance. I stepped over the 
 reat western gate, and passed very gently and 
 ideling through the two principal streets, only in 
 ay short waistcoat, for fear of damaging the roofs 
 nd eaves of the houses with the skirts of my coat. 
 walked with the utmost circumspection, to avoid 
 
52 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 treading on any stragglers that might remain in the — 
 streets; although the orders were very strict that — 
 all people should keep in their houses, at their own — 
 peril. The garret windows and tops of houses were 
 
 so crowded with spectators that I thought in all my | 
 travels I had not seen a more populous place. The 
 
 city is an exact square, each side of the wall being 
 
 sve hundred foot long. The two great streets, 
 
 which run cross and divide it into four quarters, are 
 
 five foot wide. ‘The lanes and alleys which I could 
 
 not enter, but only viewed them as I passed, are 
 
 from twelve to eighteen inches. The town is 
 
 capable of holding five hundred thousand souls: the | 
 houses are from three to five stories: the shops and 
 markets well provided. 
 
 The emperor’s palace is in the center of the city, 
 where the two great streets meet. It is enclosed by, 
 a wall of two foot high, and twenty foot distant 
 from the buildings. I had his majesty’s permission 
 to step over this wall; and the space being so wide 
 between that and the palace, I could easily view it 
 on every side. The outward court is a square of 
 forty foot, and includes two other courts: in the im 
 most are the royal apartments, which I was very, 
 desirous to see, but found it extremely difficult ; for 
 the great gates from one square into another were 
 but eighteen inches high and seven inches. wide 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 53 
 
 Now the buildings of the outer court were at least 
 five foot high, and it was impossible for me to stride 
 over them without infinite damage to the pile, 
 though the walls were strongly built of hewn stone, 
 and four inches thick. At the same time, the 
 emperor had a great desire that I should see the 
 Magnificence of his palace; but this I was not able 
 to do till three days after, which I spent in cutting 
 down with my knife some of the largest trees in the 
 royal park, about a hundred yards distant from the 
 city. Of these trees I made two stools, each about 
 three foot high, and strong enough to bear my 
 weight. The people, having received notice a 
 second time, I went again through the city to the 
 palace with my two stools in my hands. When I 
 ‘came to the side of the outer court, [ stood upon 
 ‘one stool, and took the other in my hand; this I 
 lifted over the roof, and gently set it down on the 
 ‘space between the first and second court, which was 
 eight foot wide. I then stepped over the buildings 
 very conveniently from one stool to the other, and 
 drew up the first after me with a hooked stick. By 
 this contrivance I got into the inmost court; and, 
 lying down upon my side, [ applied my face to the 
 windows of the middle stories, which were left open 
 on purpose, and discovered the most splendid apart 
 inents that can be imagined. There I saw the 
 
54 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 empress and the young princes, in their several 
 
 lodgings, with their chief attendants about them. 
 Her imperial majesty was pleased to smile very 
 
 graciously upon me, and gave me out of the window | 
 
 her hand to kiss. 
 
 But I shall not anticipate the reader with further | 
 
 descriptions of this kind, because I reserve them for | 
 a greater work, v -ich is now almost ready for the | 
 press; containing a general description of this | 
 empire, from its first erection, through a long series _ 
 of princes, with a particular account of their wars | 
 and politics, laws, learning and religion; their | 
 plants and animals, their peculiar manners and | 
 customs, with other matters very curious and use- | 
 ful; my chief design at present being only to relate 
 such events and transactions as happened to the . 
 public or to myself during a residence of about nine | 
 
 months in that empire. 
 
 One morning, about a fortnight after I had | 
 obtained my liberty, Reldresal, principal secretary 
 (as they style him) of private affairs, came to my | 
 house, attended only by one servant. He ordered | 
 his coach to wait at a distance, and desired I would 
 give him an hour’s audience; which I readily con- 
 sented to, on account of his quality and personal 
 merits, as well as of the many good offices he had | 
 done me during my solicitations at court. I offered 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. oo 
 
 to lie down, that he might the more conveniently 
 reach my ear; but he chose rather to let. me hold 
 him in my hand during our conversation. He began 
 with compliments on my liberty; said he might 
 pretend to some merit in it; but, however, added, 
 that if it had not been for the present situation of 
 things at court perhaps I might not have obtained 
 itso soon. “ For,” said he, “as flourishing a condi- 
 tion as we may appear to be in to foreigners, we 
 labor under two mighty evils; a violent faction at 
 home, and the danger of an invasion by a most 
 potent enemy from abroad. As to the first, you are 
 to understand that for above seventy moons past 
 ‘there have been two struggling parties in this 
 ‘empire, under the names Zramecksan and Slameck- 
 san, from the high and low heels of their shoes, by 
 which they distinguish themselves. It is alleged, 
 ‘Indeed, that the high heels are most agreeable to 
 ‘our ancient constitution; but, however this be, his 
 (majesty hath determined to make use of only low 
 
 ‘heels in the administration of the government, and 
 all offices in the gift of the crown, as you cannot 
 ‘but observe; and particularly that his majesty's 
 ‘imperial heels are lower, at least by a drurr, than 
 any of his court (drurr is a measure about the four- 
 teenth part of an inch.) The animosities between 
 these two parties run so high that they will neither 
 
56 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 eat nor drink, nor talk with each other. We com: 
 pute the Zramecksan, or high heels, to exceed us in © 
 number; but the power is wholly on our side. We 
 apprehend his imperial highness, the heir to the — 
 crown, to have some tendency toward the high — 
 heels; at least we can plainly discover one of his 
 heels higher than the other, which gives him a” 
 hobble in his gait. Now, in the midst of these in — 
 testine disquiets, we are threatened with an invasion 
 from the island of Blefuscu, which is the other i 
 great empire of the universe, almost as large and — 
 powerful as this of his majesty. For, as to what 
 we have heard you affirm, that there are other 
 kingdoms and states, in the world, inhabited by | 
 human creatures as large as yourself, our philoso- 
 phers are in much doubt, and would rather conjec-- 
 ture that you dropped from the moon or one of — 
 the stars; because it is certain that an hundred ' 
 mortals of vour bulk would in a short time destroy 4 
 all the fruits and cattle of his majesty’s dominions ; i 
 besides, our histories of six thousand moons make 
 no mention of any other regions than the two great 4 
 empires of Lilliput and Blefuscu; which two mighty ; 
 powers have, as I was going to tell you, been en-~ 
 gaged in a most obstinate war for thirty-six moons. 
 past. It began upon the following occasion: It is} 
 allowed on all hands that the primitive way of — 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 54 
 
 breaking eggs, before we eat them, was upon the 
 larger end; but his present majesty’s grandfather, 
 while he was a boy, going to eat an egg, and break- 
 ing it according to the ancient practice, happened 
 to cut one of his fingers; whereupon, the emperor 
 his father published an edict, commanding all his 
 subjects, upon great penalties, to break the smaller 
 end of their eggs. The people so highly resented 
 this law that our histories tell us there have been 
 six rebellions raised on that account; wherein one 
 emperor lost his life, and another his crown. These 
 civil commotions were constantly fomented by the 
 monarchs of Blefuscu; and when they were quelled 
 the exiles always fled for refuge to that empire. It 
 is computed that eleven thousand persons have at 
 several times suffered death rather than submit to 
 break their eggs at the smaller end. Many hundred 
 large volumes have been published upon this con- 
 troversy; but the books of the Big-endians have 
 been long forbidden, and the whole party rendered 
 
 incapable by law of holding empioyments. During 
 ‘the course of those troubles, the emperors of Ble- 
 fuscu did frequently expostulate by their ambas- 
 ‘sadors, accusing us of making a schism in religion 
 by offending against a fundamental doctrine of our 
 great prophet Lustrog, in the fifty-fourth chapter of 
 eo blundecral (which is their Aleor an). * This, 
 
 * The ae ran or Bible of Aen Mohammedans. 
 
58 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 however, is thought to be a mere strain upon the 
 text; for the words are these: that all true be 
 lievers shall break their eggs at the convenient end. 
 And which is the convenient end seems, in my 
 humble opinion, to be left to every man’s conscience, 
 or at least in the power of the chief magistrate to 
 determine. Now, the Big-endian exiles have found — 
 so much credit in the Emperor of Blefuscu’s court, — 
 and so much private assistance and encouragement — 
 from their party here at home, that a bloody war 
 hath been carried on between the two empires for — 
 - thirty-six moons with various success; during — 
 which time we have lost forty capital ships, and a 
 much greater number of smaller vessels, together — 
 with thirty thousand of our best seamen and soldiers; _ 
 and the damage received by the enemy is reckoned — 
 to be somewhat greater than ours. However, they — 
 have now equipped a numerous fleet, and are just — 
 preparing to make a descent upon us; and his 
 imperial majesty, placing great confidence in your 
 valor and strength, hath commanded me to lay this — 
 account of his affairs before you.” 
 
 I desired the secretary to present my humble duty ~ 
 to the emperor ; and to let him know that I thought 
 it would not become me, who was a foreigner, to — 
 interfere with parties; but I was ready, with the — 
 hazard of mv life, to defend his person and state © 
 against all invaders. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 59 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Author, by an extraordinary stratagem, prevents an In- 
 vasion — A high Title is conferred upon him — Ambassa- 
 dors arrive from the Emperor of Blefuscu, and sue for 
 Peace. 
 
 Tue empire of Blefuscu is an island, situated to 
 the northeast of Lilliput, from which it is parted 
 only by a channel of eight hundred yards wide. I 
 had not yet seen it, and upon this notice of an in- 
 tended invasion I avoided appearing on that side of 
 the coast, for fear of being discovered by some of 
 ‘the enemy’s ships, who had received no intelligence 
 of me; all intercourse between the two empires 
 
 having been strictly forbidden during the war, upon 
 pain of death, and an embargo* laid by our emperor 
 upon all vessels whatsoever. I communicated to 
 his majesty a project I had formed, of seizing the 
 enemy’s whole fleet; which, as our scouts assured 
 us, lay at anchor in the harbor, ready to sail with 
 the first fair wind. I consulted the most experi- 
 
 * A command or order preventing them from leaving the 
 seaports. 
 
60 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 enved seamen upon the depth of the channel, which 
 
 they had often plumbed; who told me that in the i 
 middle, at high-water, it was seventy glumgluffs — 
 
 deep, which is about six foot of European measure, 
 
 and the rest of it fifty glwmgluffs at most. [ walked i 
 
 toward the northeast coast, over against Blefuscu, 
 
 and, lying down behind a hillock, took out my small — 
 
 pocket perspective glass, and viewed the enemy’s 
 
 fleet at anchor, consisting of about fifty men-of-war, — 
 
 and a great number of transports: I then came 
 
 back to my house, and gave order (for which I had © 
 a warrant) for a great quantity of the strongest © 
 cable and bars of iron. The cable was about as _~ 
 thick as packthread, and the bars of the length and — 
 size of a knitting-needle. I trebled the cable to ; 
 
 make it stronger, and for the same reason I twisted © 
 
 three of the iron bars together, bending the extrem- © 
 ities into a hook. Having thus fixed fifty hooks to _ 
 
 as many cables, I went back to the northeast coast, — 
 and, putting off my coat, shoes, and stockings, 
 
 walked into the sea, in my leathern jerkin, about — 
 
 half an hour before high-water. I waded with : 
 
 what haste I could, and swam in the middle about ‘ 
 
 thirty yards, till I felt ground. I arrived at the 
 
 fieet in less than half an hour. The enemy was so 
 trighted when they saw me that they leaped out of - 
 heir ships, and swam to shore, where there could 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 61 
 
 not be fewer than thirty thousand souls: I then 
 took my tackling, and, fastening a hook to the hole 
 at the prow of each, I tied all the cords together at 
 the end. While I was thus employed the enemy 
 discharged several thousand arrows, many of which 
 stuck in my hands and face; and, besides the exces- 
 sive smart, gave me much disturbance in my work. 
 My greatest apprehension was for mine eyes, which 
 [ should have infallibly lost, if I had not suddenly 
 thought of an expedient. I kept, among other little 
 necessaries, a pair of spectacles in a private pocket, 
 which, as I observed before, had escaped the em- 
 peror’s searchers. These I took out, and fastened 
 as strongly as I could upon my nose, and, thus 
 armed, went on boldly with my work, in spite of 
 the enemy’s arrows, many of which struck against 
 the glasses of my spectacles, but without any other 
 effect further than a little to discompose* them. I 
 had now fastened all the hooks, and, taking the knot 
 in my hand, began to pull; but not a ship would 
 stir, for they were all too fast held by their anchors, 
 so that the bold part of my enterprise remained. I 
 therefore let go the cord, and, leaving the hooks 
 fixed to the ships, I resolutely cut with my knife 
 the cables that fastened the anchors, receiving about 
 
 —? 
 
 —_————_———_—__,-—.. 
 
 * Drive out of the proper position, 
 
62 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 two hundred shots in my face and hands; then I 
 took up the knotted end of the cables, to which my 
 hooks were tied, and with great ease drew fifty of 
 the enemy’s largest men-of war after me. 
 
 The Blefuscudians, who had not the least imag: 
 ination of what I intended, were at first confounded 
 with astonishment. They had seen me cut the 
 cables, and thought my design was only to let the 
 ships run adrift, or fall foul on each other; but 
 when they perceived the whole fleet moving in 
 order, and saw me pulling at the end, they set up— 
 such a scream of grief and despair that it is almost 
 impossible to describe or conceive. When I had got 
 out of danger I stopped a while to pick out the 
 arrows that stuck in my hands and face; and rubbed 
 on some of the same ointment that. was given me at 
 my first arrival, as I have formerly mentioned. I 
 then took off my spectacles, and, waiting about an 
 hour, till the tide was a little fallen, I waded 
 through the middle with my cargo, and arrived safe 
 at the royal port of Lilliput. 
 
 The emperor and his whole court stood on the_ 
 shore, expecting the issue of this great adventure. 
 They saw the ships move forward in a large half- 
 moon, but could not discern me, who was up to my 
 breast in water. When I advanced to the middle 
 of the channel they were yet more in pain, because 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 63 
 
 I was under water to my neck. The emperor con- 
 cluded me to be drowned, and that the enemy’s fleet 
 was approaching in a hostile manner: but he was 
 soon eased of his fears; for, the channel growing 
 shallower every step I made, I came in a short time 
 within hearing, and, holding up the end of the cable 
 by which the fleet was fastened, I cried in a loud 
 voice, “Long live the most puissant Emperor of 
 Lilliput!” This great prince received me at my land- 
 ing with all possible encomiums, and created me a 
 nardac upon the spot, which is the highest title of 
 honor among them. 
 
 His majesty desired [ would take some other op- 
 portunity of bringing all the rest of his enemy’s 
 ships into his ports. And so unmeasurable is the 
 ambition of princes, that he seemed to think of noth- 
 ing less than reducing the whole empire of Blefuscu 
 into a province, and governing it by a viceroy; of 
 destroying the Big-endian exiles, and compelling 
 that people to break the smaller end of their eggs, 
 by which he would remain the sole monarch of the 
 whole world. But I endeavored to divert him from 
 this design, by many arguments drawn from the 
 topics of policy as well as justice; and I plainly 
 protested that I would never be an instrument of 
 bringing a free and brave people into slavery. 
 
64 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 And, when the matter was debated in council, the 
 wisest part of the ministry were of my opinion. 
 
 This open, bold declaration of mine was so op 
 posite to the schemes and politics of his imperiai 
 majesty that he could never forgive it. He men. 
 tioned it ina very artful manner at council, where i 
 was told that some of the wisest appeared at least, 
 by their silence, to be of my opinion; but others. 
 who were my secret enemies, could not forbear 
 some expressions which, by a side-wind, reflected on 
 me. And from this time began an intrigue between 
 his majesty and a junto* of: ministers, maliciously 
 bent against me, which broke out in less than two 
 months, and had like to have ended in my utter 
 destruction. Of so little weight are the greatest 
 services to princes when put into the balance with 
 a refusal to gratify their passions. 
 
 About three weeks after this exploit there arrived 
 a solemn embassy from Blefuscu, with humble offers 
 of a peace; which was soon concluded, upon con- 
 ditions very advantageous to our emperor, where- 
 with I shall not trouble the reader. There were six 
 ambassadors, with a train of about five hundred 
 persons: and their entry was very magnificent, 
 suitable to the srandeur of their master, and the 
 
 a NS Ne + 
 
 * A party combined for a purpose. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 65 
 
 importance of their business. When their treaty 
 was finished, wherein [ did them several good offices 
 by the credit { now had, or at least appeared to 
 have, at court, their excellencies, who were privately 
 told how much I had been their friend, made me a 
 visit inform. They began with many compliments 
 upon my valor and generosity, invited me to that 
 kingdom in the emperor their master’s name, and 
 desired me to show them some proofs of my prodi- 
 gious strength, of which they had heard so many 
 wonders; wherein | readily cbliged them, but shal! 
 
 not trouble the reader with the particulars. 
 
 When i had for some time entertained their ex- 
 cellencies to their infinite satisfaction and surprise, 
 Idesired they would do me the honor to present 
 
 my most humble respects to the emperor their 
 master, the renown of whose virtues had so justly 
 filled the whole world with admiration, and whose 
 royal person I resolved to attend before I returned to 
 my own country. Accordingly, the next time I had 
 the honor to see our emperor, i desired his generai 
 license to wait on the Blefuscudian monarch, which 
 he was pleased to grant me, as I could plainly per- 
 velve, in a very cold manner; but could not guess the 
 season, till 1 had a whisper from a certain person, 
 hat Flimnap and Bolgolam had represented my 
 ntercourse with those ambassadors as a mark of 
 
66 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 
 
 disaffection ; from which I am sure my heart was 
 wholly free. And this was the first time I began 
 to conceive some imperfect idea of courts and 
 ministers. 
 
 It is to be observed that these ambassadors spoke 
 to me by an interpreter, the languages of both 
 empires differing as much from each other as any — 
 two in Europe, and each nation priding itself upon 
 the antiquity, beauty, and energy of their own) 
 tongues, with an avowed contempt for that of their | 
 neighbor; yet our emperor, standing upon the | 
 advantage he had got by the seizure of their fleet, 
 obliged them to deliver their credentials, and make 
 their speech in the Lilliputian tongue. And if 
 must be confessed, that, from the great intercourse 
 of trade and commerce between both realms, from 
 the continual reception of exiles, which is mutual 
 among them, and from the custom, in each empire, 
 to send their young nobility and richer gentry to 
 the other, in order to polish themselves by seeing 
 the world, and understanding men and manners, 
 there are few persons of distinction, or merchants, 
 or seamen, who dwell in the maritime parts, but 
 what can hold conversation in both tongues; as I 
 found some weeks after, when I went to pay my 
 respects to the Emperor of Blefuscu, which, in the 
 midst of great misfortunes, through the malice of 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 64 
 
 my enemies, proved a very happy adventure to me, 
 as I shall relate in its proper place. 
 
 The reader may remember, that when I signed 
 those articles upon which I recovered my liberty, 
 there were some which I disliked, upon account of 
 their being too servile; neither could anything but 
 an extreme necessity have forced me to submit. 
 But being now a nardac of the highest rank in that 
 empire, such offices were looked upon as below my 
 dignity, and the emperor (to do him justice) never 
 once mentioned them to me. 
 
63 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Of the Inhabitants of Lilliput; their Learning, Laws, and — 
 Customs; the Manner of Educating their Childrer.~-The — 
 
 Author’s way of living in that Country—His Vind:cation | 
 
 of a great Lady. 
 
 Axurnovuen I intend to leave the description of this © 
 
 empire to a particular treatise, yet, in the meantime, 
 
 I am content to gratify the curious reader with 
 
 some general ideas. As the common size of the 
 natives is somewhat under six inches high, so there 
 
 is an exact proportion in all other animals, as well 
 as plants and trees; for instance, the tallest horses — 
 and oxen are between four and five inches in height, — 
 the sheep an inch and half, more or less; their 
 geese about the bigness of a sparrow, and so the 
 several gradations, downward, till you come to the 
 smallest, which, to my sight, were almost invisible; 
 
 but nature hath adapted the eyes of the Lilliputians” 
 
 to all objects proper for their view ; they see with 
 
 great.exactness, but at no great distance. And to 
 show the sharpness of their sight toward objects 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 69 
 
 that are near, I have been much pleased observing a 
 cook pulling* a lark, which was not so large as a 
 common fly; and a young girl threading an in- 
 visible needle with invisiblesilk. ‘Their tallest trees 
 are about seven foot high; [mean some of those in 
 the great royal park, the tops whereof I could but 
 just reach with my fist clenched. The other 
 vegetables are in the same proportion; but this I 
 leave to the reader’s imagination. 
 
 I shall say but little at present of their learning, 
 which for many ages hath flourished in all its 
 branches among them; but their manner of writing 
 is very peculiar, being neither from the left to the 
 right, like the Europeans; nor from the right to the 
 left, like the Arabians; nor from up to down like 
 the Chinese; but aslant from oné corner of the 
 paper to the other, like ladies in England.f 
 
 They bury their dead with their heads directly 
 downward, because they hold an opinion, that in 
 eleven thousand moons they are all to rise again; 
 in which period the earth (which they conceive to 
 be flat) will turn upside down, and by this means 
 they shall at their resurrection be found ready 
 
 ———— 
 
 * Plucking the feathers from it. 
 +This is a hit at the careless way some ladies have of 
 allowing their writing to run slantwise, instead of straight 
 
 across the paper. 
 
20 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 standing on their feet. The learned among them 
 confess the absurdity of this doctrine; but the 
 practice still continues, in compliance to the vulgar. 
 
 There are some laws and customs in this empire 
 very peculiar; and if they were not so directly con- 
 trary to those of my own dear country, I should be 
 tempted to say a little in their justification. It is 
 only to be wished that they were as well executed. 
 The first I shall mention relates to informers. All 
 crimes against the state are punished here with the 
 utmost severity ; but if the person accused maketh 
 his innocence plainly to appear upon his trial, the 
 accuser is immediately put to an ignominious death ; 
 and out of his goods or lands the innocent person is 
 quadruply recompensed for the loss of his time, for 
 the danger he underwent, for the hardship of his 
 imprisonment, and for all the charges he hath been 
 at in making his defense. Or, if that fund be de 
 ficient, it is largely supplied by the crown. The 
 emperor does also confer on him some public mark 
 of his favor, and proclamation is made of his inno- 
 cence through the whole city. 
 
 They look upon fraud as a greater crime than 
 theft, and therefore seldom fail to punish it with 
 death; for they allege that care and vigilance, with 
 a very common understanding, may preserve a 
 man’s goods from thieves, but honesty has no fence 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, "1 
 
 against superior cunning; and, since it is necessary 
 that there should be a perpetual intercourse of buy- 
 ing and selling, and dealing upon credit, where 
 fraud is permitted or connived at, or hath no law to 
 punish it, the honest dealer is always undone, and 
 the knave gets the advantage. I remember when 
 I was once interceding with the king for a criminal 
 who had wronged his master of a great sum of 
 ‘money, which he had received by order and ran 
 away with; and happening to tell his majesty, by 
 “way of extenuation, that it was only a breach of 
 ‘trust, the emperor thought it monstrous in me to 
 offer as a defense the greatest aggravation of the 
 crime; and truly I had little to say in return, 
 ‘further than the common answer, that different 
 ‘nations had different customs; for I confess I was 
 heartily ashamed. 
 
 Although we usually call reward and punishment 
 'the two hinges upon which all government turns, 
 yet I could never observe this maxim to be put in 
 practice by any nation, exvept that of Lilliput. 
 Whoever can there bring sufficient proof that he 
 ‘hath strictly observed the laws of his country for 
 seventy-three moons hath a claim to certain privi- 
 ‘leges, according to his quality and condition of life, 
 with a proportionable sum of money, out of a fund 
 “appropriated for that use; he likewise acquires the 
 
72 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 title of snzpali, or legal, which is added to his 
 name, but does not descend to his posterity. And — 
 these people thought it a prodigious defect of policy | 
 among us when I told them that our laws were | 
 enforced only by penalties, without any mention of 
 reward. It is upon this account that the image of 
 Justice, in their courts of judicature, is formed swith 
 six eyes, two before, as many behind, and on each 
 side one, to signify circumspection; with a bag of | 
 gold open in her right hand, and a sword sheathed 
 in her left, to show she is more disposed to reward 
 than to punish. 
 
 In choosing persons for all employments they | 
 have more regard to good morals than to great 
 abilities; for, since government is necessary to- 
 mankind, they believe that the common size of 
 human understandings is fitted to some station or 
 other ; and that Providence never intended to make 
 the management of public affairs a mystery to be 
 comprehended only by a few persons of sublime | 
 genius, of which there seldom are three born in an 
 age; but they suppose truth, justice, temperance, 
 and the like, to be in every man’s power; the 
 practice of which virtues, assisted by experience 
 and a good intention, would qualify any man for the 
 service of his country, except where a course of 
 study is required. Lut they thought the want of 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. "3 
 
 moral virtues was so far from being supplied by 
 superior endowments of the mind that employments 
 could never be put into such dangerous hands as 
 those of persons so qualified; and at least, that the 
 mistakes committed by ignorance, in a virtuous 
 disposition, would never be of such fatal con- 
 sequence to the public weal, as the practices of a 
 man whose inclinations led him to be corrupt, and 
 had great abilities to manage, and multiply, and 
 defend, his corruptions. 
 
 In like manner the disbelief of a Divine Provi- 
 dence renders a man incapable of holding any 
 public station; for, since kings avow themselves to 
 be the deputies of Providence, the Lilliputians think 
 nothing can be more absurd than for a prince to 
 employ such men as disown the authority under 
 which he acts. 
 
 In relating these and the following laws, I would 
 only be understood to mean the original institutions, 
 and not the most scandulous corruptions, into which 
 these people are fallen by the degenerate nature of 
 man. For, as to that infamous practice of acquiring 
 great employments by dancing on the ropes, or 
 badges of favor and distinction by leaping over 
 sticks and creeping under them, the reader is to 
 Observe, that they were first introduced by the 
 grandfather of the emperor now reigning, and 
 
vA GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 grew to the present height by the gradual increase 
 
 of party and faction. 
 Ingratitude is among them a capital crime, as we 
 
 read it to have been in some other countries; for 
 
 they reason thus, that whoever makes ill returns to 
 
 his benefactor must needs be a common enemy to 
 the rest of mankind, from whom he hath received 
 no obligation, and therefore such a man is not fit to. 
 
 live. 
 
 Their notions relating to the duties of parents and 
 
 children differ extremely from ours. Their opinion 
 
 is, that parents are the last of all others to be - 
 trusted with the education of their own children; 
 
 and therefore they have in every town public 
 nurseries, where all parents, except cottagers and 
 
 laborers, are obliged to send their infants of both | 
 sexes to be reared and educated, when they come 
 
 to the age of twenty moons, at which time they are 
 supposed to have some rudiments of docility. These 
 schools are of several kinds, suited to different 
 qualities, and to both sexes. They have certain pro- 
 fessors, well skilled in preparing children for such 
 a condition of life as befits the rank of their parents, 
 and their own capacities, as well as inclinations. I 
 shall first say something of the male nurseries, and 
 then of the female. 
 
 The nurseries for males of noble or eminent 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. ve) 
 
 birth are provided with grave and learned pro- 
 fessors, and their several deputies. The clothes and 
 food of the children are plainand simple. They are 
 bred up in the principles of honor, justice, courage, 
 modesty, clemency, religion, and love of their 
 country ; they are always employed in some busi- 
 ness, except in the times of eating and sleeping, 
 which are very short, and two hours for diversions 
 consisting of bodily exercises. They are dressed 
 ‘by men till four years of age, and then are obliged 
 
 to dress themselves, although their qualitv* be ever 
 ‘so great; and the women attendants, who are aged 
 proportionably to ours at fifty, perform only the 
 most menial offices. They are never suffered to 
 converse with servants, but go together in smaller 
 or greater numbers to take their diversions,and 
 always in the presence of a professor, or one of his 
 deputies ; whereby they avoid those early bad im- 
 pressions of folly and vice to which our children 
 are subject. Their parents are suffered to see them 
 ionly twice a year; the visit is to last but an hour; 
 they are allowed to kiss the child at meeting and 
 parting ; but a professor, who always stands by on 
 those occasions, will not suffer them to whisper, or 
 use any fondling expressions, or bring any presents 
 of toys, sweetmeats, and the like. 
 
 * Rank. 
 
76 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 The pension from each family for the education 
 and entertainment of a child, upon failure of due 
 payment, is levied by the emperor’s officers. 
 
 The nurseries for children of ordinary gentlemen, 
 merchants, traders, and handicrafts, are managed 
 proportionably after the same manner; only those 
 designed for trades are put out apprentices at eleven 
 years old; whereas those of persons of quality con- 
 tinue in their nurseries till fifteen, which answers to 
 twenty-one with us : but the confinement is gradually 
 lessened for the last three years. 
 
 In the female nurseries the young girls of quality 
 are educated much like the males, only they are 
 dressed by orderly servants of their own sex; but 
 always in the presence of a professor or deputy, till 
 they come to dress themselves, which is at five years 
 old. And if it be found that these nurses ever 
 presume to entertain the girls with frightful or 
 foolish stories, or the common follies practiced by 
 chambermaids among us, they are publicly whipped 
 thrice about the city, imprisoned for a year, and 
 banished for life to the most desolate part of the: 
 country. Thus the young ladies there are as much 
 ashamed of being cowards and fools as the men; 
 and despise all personal ornaments, beyond decency 
 and cleanliness : neither did I perceive any difference 
 in their education, made by their difference of sex, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. v4 
 
 only that the exercises of the females were not alto- 
 gether so robust; and that some rules were given 
 them relating to ddmestic life, and a smaller compass 
 of learning was enjoined them: for the maxim is, 
 that among people of quality a wife should be al- 
 ways a reasonable and agreeable companion, because 
 she-cannot always be young. When the girls are 
 twelve years-old, which among them is the marriage- 
 able age, their parents or guardians take them home, 
 with great expression of gratitude to the professors, 
 and seldom without tears of the young lady and her 
 companions. 
 
 In the nurseries of females of the meaner sort 
 the children are instructed in all kinds of works 
 proper for their sex, and their several degrees: 
 those intended for apprentices are dismissed at seven 
 years old, the rest are kept to eleven. 
 
 - The meaner families, who have children at these 
 ‘murseries, are obliged, besides their annual pension, 
 which is as low as possible, to return to the steward 
 
 jof the nursery a small monthly share of their 
 gettings, to be a portion for the child; and there- 
 fore all parents are limited in their expenses by 
 the law. For the Lilliputians think nothing can be 
 more unjust than for people to bring children into 
 the world, and leave the burden of supporting them 
 oa the public. As to persons of quality, they give 
 
"8 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 security to appropriate a certain sum for each child, 
 suitable to their condition; and these funds are 
 always managed with good husbandry, and the most 
 exact justice. | 
 The cottagers and laborers keep their children at 
 home, their business being only to till and cultivate 
 the earth, and therefore their education is of little 
 consequence to the public: but the old and diseased 
 among them are supported by hospitals; for beg- 
 
 | 
 
 And here it may perhaps divert the curious reader 
 
 ging is a trade unknown in this kingdom. 
 
 to give some account of my domestic,* and my man- 
 ner of living in this country, during a residence of 
 nine months and thirteen days. Having a head 
 mechanically turned,+ and being likewise forced by 
 necessity, I had made for myself a table and chair con | 
 venient enough, out of the largest trees in the royal 
 park. Two hundred sempstresses were employed to 
 make me shirts and linen for my bed and table, all 
 of the strongest and coarsest kind they could get; 
 which, however, they were forced to quilt together 
 in several folds, for the thickest was some degrees 
 finer than lawn. Their linen is usually three inches 
 wide, and three foot make a piece. The sempstresses 
 
 * Household; domestic affairs. 
 + Having a turn for mechanics; being naturally clever in 
 contriving and making articles by hand. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, "9 
 
 took my measure as I lay on the ground, one stand- 
 ing at my neck, and another at my mid-leg, with a 
 strong cord extended, that each held by the end, 
 while the third measured the length of the cord 
 with a rule of an inch long. Then they measured 
 my right thumb, and desired no more; for, by a 
 mathematical computation, that twice round the 
 thumb is once round the wrist, and so on to the 
 
 neck and the waist, and by the help of my old shirt, 
 which [| displayed on the ground before them for a 
 pattern, they fitted me exactly. Three hundred 
 tailors were employed in the same manner to make 
 me clothes; but they had another contrivance for 
 taking my measure. I kneeled down, and they 
 raised a ladder from the ground to my neck; upon 
 this ladder one of them mounted, and let fall a 
 plumb-line from my collar to the floor, which just 
 answered the length of my coat; but my waist and 
 arms I measured myself. When my clothes were 
 finished, which was done in my house (for the 
 largest of theirs would not have been able to hold 
 them), they looked like the patchwork made by the 
 adies in England, only that mine were all of a 
 solor. 
 
 I had three hundred cooks to dress my victuals, in 
 ittle convenient huts built about my house, where 
 they and their families lived, and prepared me twa 
 
80 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 dishes apiece. I took up twenty waiters in my | 
 hand, and placed them on the table; an hundred | 
 more attended below on the ground, some with. 
 dishes of meat, and some with barrels of wine and | 
 other liquors slung on their shoulders; all which 
 
 the waiters above drew up, as I wanted, in a very 
 ingenious manner, by certain cords, as we draw the 
 bucket up a well in Europe. A dish of their meat 
 was a good mouthful, and a barrel of their liquor a 
 reasonable draught. Their mutton yields to ours, 
 but their beef is excellent. I have had a sirloin so. 
 large that I have been forced to make three bites of 
 it: but this is rare. My servants were astonished | 
 to see me eat it, bones and all, as in our country we 
 do the leg of a lark. Their geese and turkeys I | 
 usually eat at a mouthful, and I must confess they | 
 far exceed ours. Of their smaller fowl I could take 
 
 up twenty or thirty at the end of my knife. | 
 
 One day his imperial majesty, being informed of | 
 my way of living, desired that himself and his royal 
 consort, with the young princes of the blood of both 
 sexes, might have the happiness, as he was pleased | 
 to call it, of dining with me. They came accord-| 
 ingly, and I placed them upon chairs of state, upon 
 my table just over against me, with their guards 
 about them. Flimnap, the lord high treasurer, at- 
 tended there likewise with his white staff; and IJ 
 
GULLIVHER'S TRAVELS. 81 
 
 observed he often looked on me with a sour coun- 
 tenance, which I would not seem to regard, but eat 
 more than usual, in honor to my dear country, as 
 well as to fill the court with admiration. I have 
 some private reasons to believe that this visit from 
 his majesty gave Flimnap an opportunity of doing 
 me ill offices to his master. That minister had 
 always been my secret enemy, though he outwardly 
 caressed me more than was usual to the moroseness 
 of his nature. He represented to the emperor the 
 low condition of his treasury ; that he was forced to 
 take up money at great discount; that exchequer 
 bills would not circulate under nine per cent. below 
 par; that, in short, I had cost his majesty above a 
 million and a half of sprugs (their greatest gold 
 coin, about the bigness of a spangle*); and, upon 
 he whole, that it would be advisable in the emperor 
 to take the first fair occasion of dismissing me. 
 
 I am here obliged to vindicate the reputation of 
 a excellent lady, who was an innocent sufferer 
 upon my account. The treasurer took a fancy to 
 be jealous of his wife, from the malice of some evil 
 tongues, who informed him that her grace had taken 
 a violent affection for my person; and the court 
 
 * One of the small, round scales of shining metal attached 
 so some dresses worn by actors on the stage. 
 
wpe 
 
 82 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 scandal ran for some time, that she once came pri _ 
 
 vately to my lodging. This I solemnly declare té 
 be a most infamous falsehood, without any grounds, . 
 further than that her grace was pleased to treat me ) 
 with all innocent marks of freedom and friendship. 
 I own she came often to my house, but always pub- 
 
 licly, nor ever without three more in the coach, who- 
 
 were usually her sister and young daughter, and 
 some particular acquaintance: but this was common 
 to many other ladies of the court. And I still appeal 
 to my servants round, whether they at any time saw 
 
 a coach at my door without knowing what persons | 
 
 were in it. On those occasions, when a servant had 
 given me notice, my custom was to go immediately 
 to the door; and, after paying my respects, to take 
 up the coach and two horses very carefully in my 
 hands (for if there were six horses, the postillion 
 always unharnessed four), and place them on a table, 
 where I had fixed a movable rim quite round, of five 
 inches high, to prevent accidents. And J have often 
 
 had four coaches and horses at once on my table, full © 
 of company, while I sate in my chair, leaning my 
 face toward them; and when I was engaged with | 
 one set the coachman would gently drive the others | 
 
 round my table. I have passed many an afternoon” 
 very agreeably in these conversations. But I defy 
 the treasurer, oy his two informers (I will name 
 
 peter 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 83 
 
 them, and let them make their best of it), Clustril and 
 Drunlo, to prove that any person ever came to me 
 meognito, except the secretary Reldresal, who was 
 sent by express command of his imperial majesty, 
 as I have before related. I should not have dwelt 
 so long upon this particular if it had not been a 
 ‘point wherein the reputation of a great lady 1s so 
 nearly concerned, to say nothing of my own; 
 though I had then the honor to be a nardac, which 
 the treasurer nimself is not; for all the world knows 
 he is only a glumglum, a title inferior by one degree, 
 as that of a marquis is toa duke in England; although 
 'I allow he preceded me* in right of his post. These 
 false informations, which I afterward came to the 
 knowledge of by an accident not proper to mention, 
 
 made Flimnap, the treasurer, show his lady for 
 some time an ill countenance, and me a worse; and 
 although he was at last undeceived and reconciled 
 ‘to her, yet I lost all credit with him, and found my 
 interest decline very fast with the emperor himself, 
 who was indeed too much governed by that favorite. 
 
 * Had the right of going before me on occasions of ceremony. 
 
84 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER VIL. 
 
 The Author, being informed of a Design to accuse him of 
 High-treason, makes his Escape to Blefuscu—His Recep 
 tion there. 
 
 Bzerore I proceed to give an account of my 
 leaving this kingdom, it may be proper to inform 
 the reader of a private intrigue which had been ior 
 two months forming against me. | 
 
 I had been hitherto, all my life, a stranger to 
 courts, for which I was unqualified by the meanness” 
 of my condition. I had indeed heard and read 
 enough of the dispositions of great princes and 
 ministers; but never expected to have found suc H 
 terrible effects of them in so remote a country, 
 governed, as I thought, by very different maxims 
 from those in Europe. 
 
 When I was just preparing to pay my attendance 
 on the Emperor of Blefuscu, a considerable person 
 at court (to whom I had been very serviceable at a- 
 time when he lay under the highest dispteas ire of 
 his imperial majesty) came te my heuse very 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. Qa 
 
 privately at night, in a close chair,* and, without 
 sending his name, desired admittance. The chair- 
 men were dismissed ; [ put the chair, with his lord- 
 
 q f 
 ; 
 
 Wess 
 SS 
 
 SS 
 Si 
 
 ee we 
 ts = a 
 a, ee 
 
 SS iz 
 
 ~ 
 
 Le 
 RS 
 
 Lda 
 NSS 0 
 
 * You are to know,”’ said he, “‘ that several committees of council have been 
 
 lately called.” 
 
 hip in it, into my coat-pocket; and giving orders 
 
 0 a trusty servant to say I was indisposed and gone 
 
 *See note page 22. 
 
86 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 to sleep, I fastened the door of my house, placed 
 the chair on the table, according to my usual 
 custom, and sate down by it. After the common 
 salutations were over, observing his lordship’s 
 countenance full of concern, and inquiring into the 
 reason, he desired I would hear him with patience, 
 in a matter that highly concerned my honor and my 
 life. His speech was to the following effect, for I 
 took notes of it as soon as he left me: 
 
 ‘You are to know,” said he, “that several com- 
 mittees of council have been lately called, in the 
 most private manner, on your account ; and it is but 
 two days since his majesty came to a full resolution. 
 
 “You are very sensible that Skyresh Bolgolam 
 (galbet, or high admiral) hath been your mortal 
 enemy almost ever since your arrival. His origiaal 
 reasons I know not; but his hatred is much in- 
 creased since your great success against Blefusco, by — 
 which his glory as admiral is obscured. This lord, 
 in conjunction with Flimnap the high treasurer, | 
 whose emnity against you is notorious on account of 
 his lady, Limtoc the general, Lalcon the chamber- 
 lain, and Balmuff the grand justiciary have pre. 
 pared articles of impeachment against you, for 
 treason and other capital crimes.” | 
 
 This preface made me so impatient, being con- 
 scious of my own merits and innocence, that I was 
 
_@ULLIVER’S TRAVELS. gy 
 
 going to interrupt, when he entreated me to be 
 silent, and thus proceeded : 
 
 “ Out of gratitude for the favors you have done 
 me, I procured information of the whole proceed- 
 ings, and a copy of the articles ; wherein I ventured 
 my head for your service. 
 
 “ Articles of Impeachment against Quinbus Flestrin, 
 the Man-Mountain. 
 
 “ Article 1—That the said Quinbus Flestrin, 
 having brought the imperial fleet of Blefusco into 
 the royal port, and being afterward commanded by 
 his imperial majesty to seize all the other ships of 
 ‘the said empire of Blefusco, and reduce that empire 
 ‘to a province, to be governed by a viceroy from 
 hence, and to destroy and put to death, not only all 
 the Big-endian exiles, but likewise all the people of 
 that empire who would not immediately forsake the 
 'Big-endian heresy ; he, the said Flestrin, like a false 
 traitor against his most auspicious, serene, imperial 
 majesty, did petition to be excused from the said 
 ‘service, upon pretense of unwillingness to force the 
 consciences, or destroy the liberties and lives, of an 
 innocent people. 
 “ Article 2.—That whereas certain ambassadors 
 arrived from the court of Blefuscu, to sue for peace 
 tm his majesty’s court; he, the said Flestrin, did, like 
 
88 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 a false traitor, aid, abet, comfort, and divert the 
 said ambassadors, although he knew them to be 
 servants to a prince who was lately an open enemy 
 to his imperial majesty, and in open war against his 
 said majesty. 
 
 “ Article 3.—That the said Quimbus Flestrin, 
 contrary to the duty of a faithful subject, is now 
 preparing to make a voyage to the court and 
 empire of Blefuscu, for which he hath received only 
 verbal license from his imperial majesty ; and, 
 under color of the said license, doth falsely and 
 traitorously intend to take the said voyage, and 
 thereby to aid, comfort, and abet the Emperor of 
 Blefuscu, so late an enemy, and in open war with 
 his imperial majesty aforesaid. 
 
 “There are some other articles; but these are the 
 most important, of which I have read you an 
 abstract. 
 
 “In the several debates upon this impeachment, 
 it must be confessed that his majesty gave many 
 marks of his great lenity ; often urging the services 
 you had done him, and endeavoring to extenuate 
 your crimes. The treasurer and admiral insist 
 that you should be put to the most painful an 
 ignominious death, by setting fire to your house a 
 night; and the general was to attend with twenty 
 thousand men, armed with poisoned arrows, . 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 89 
 
 hoot you on the face and hands. Some of your 
 servants were to have private orders to strew a 
 ooisonous juice on your shirts, which would soon 
 nake you tear your own flesh, and die in the utmost 
 sorture. The general came into the same opinion; 
 30 that for a long time there was a majority against 
 you; but his majesty resolving, if possible, to spare 
 your life, at last brought off the chamberlain. 
 
 “ Upon this incident, Reldresal, principal secre- 
 ary for private affairs, who always approved him- 
 self your true friend, was commanded by the 
 xmperor to deliver his opinion, which he accordingly 
 lid; and therein justified the good thoughts you 
 aave of him. He allowed your crimes to be great, 
 
 ut that still there was room for mercy, the most 
 commendable virtue in a prince, and for which his 
 najesty was so justly celebrated. He said, the 
 riendship between you and him was so well known 
 0 the world that perhaps the most honorable board 
 aight think him partial; however, in obedience to 
 he command he had received, he would freely offer 
 lis sentiments. That if his majesty, in considera- 
 ion of your services, and pursuant to his own 
 aerciful disposition, would please to spare your life, 
 nd only give order to put out both your eyes, he 
 mumbly conceived that, by this expedient, justice 
 tight in some measure be satisfied, and all the 
 
90 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 =a — 
 
 world would applaud the lenity of the emperor, as 
 
 well as the fair and generous proceedings of those 
 who had the honor to be his counselors. That the © 
 loss of your eyes would be no impediment to your — 
 
 bodily strength, by which you might still be useful © 
 
 to his majesty; that blindness is an addition to— 
 
 courage, by concealing dangers from us; that the 
 fear you had for your eyes was the greatest diffi-— 
 
 culty in bringing over the enemy’s fleet; and it 
 would be sufficient for you to see by the eyes of the 
 
 ministers, since the greatest princes do no more. 
 
 “This proposal was received with the utmost dis- | 
 approbation by the whole board. Bolgolam, the 
 
 admiral, could not preserve his temper; but, rising 
 in a fury, said he wondered how the secretary durst 
 presume to give his opinion for preserving the life 
 of a traitor; that the services you had performed 
 
 ‘were, by all true reasons of state, the great aggra-_ 
 
 vation of your crimes; that the same strength, 
 which enabled you to bring over the enemy’s fleet, 
 might serve, upon the first discontent, to carry it 
 back; that he had good reasons to think you were 
 a Big-endian in your heart; and, as treason begins 
 in the heart, before it appears in overt acts, so he 
 accused you as a traitor on that account, and there 
 fore insisted you should be put to death. 
 “The treasurer was of the same opinion. He 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 9] 
 
 showed to what straits his majesty’s revenue was 
 reduced by the charge of maintaining you, which 
 would soon grow insupportable; that the secretary’s 
 expedient of putting out your eyes was so far from 
 being a remedy against this evil that it would prob- 
 ably increase it, as is manifest from the common 
 practice of blinding some kind of fowls, after which 
 they fed the faster, and grew sooner fat; that his 
 sacred majesty and the council, who are your judges, 
 were in their own consciences fully convinced of 
 
 your guilt, which was a sufficient argument to con- 
 demn you to death, without the formal proofs re- 
 quired by the strict letter of the law. 
 
 “But his imperial majesty, fully determined 
 against capital punishment, was graciously pleased 
 to say, that since the council thought the loss of 
 your eyes too easy a censure,* some other may be 
 inflicted hereafter. And your friend the secretary, 
 humbly desiring to be heard again, in answer to 
 what the treasurer had objected, concerning the 
 great charge his majesty was at in maintaining you, 
 said, that his excellency, who had the sole disposal 
 of the emperor’s revenue, might easily provide 
 igainst that evil, by gradually lessening your estab- 
 
 *Sentence passed by a court or judge. The word now 
 uways means reproof or fault-finding. 
 
92 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 lishment ; by which, for want of sufficient food, you 
 would grow weak and faint, and lose your appetite, 
 und consequently decay and consume in a few 
 months. Neither would the stench of your carcass 
 be then so dangerous, when it should become more 
 than half-diminished; and immediately upon your 
 death, five or six thousand of his majesty’s subjects 
 might, in two or three days, cut your flesh from. 
 your bones, take it away by cartloads, and bury it 
 in distant parts, to prevent infection, leaving the 
 skeleton as a monument of admiration to posterity. _ 
 
 “ Thus, by the great friendship of the secretary, 
 the whole affair was compromised. It was strictly 
 enjoined that the project of starving you by degrees 
 should be kept a secret; but the sentence of putting 
 out your eyes was entered on the books; none dis- 
 
 senting except Bolgolam, the admiral, who, being a 
 creature of the empress, was perpetually instigated 
 by her majesty to insist upon your death. 
 
 ‘“‘In three days your friend the secretary will be 
 directed to come to your house, and read before you 
 the articles of impeachment; and then to signify 
 the great lenity and favor of his majesty and council, 
 whereby you are only condemned to the loss of your 
 eyes, which his majesty doth not question you will 
 gratefully and humbly submit to; and twenty of his 
 majesty’s surgeons wiil attend, in order to see the 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 93 
 
 operation well performed, by discharging very sharp- 
 pointed arrows into the balls of your eyes, as you 
 lie on the ground. 
 
 “TI leave to your prudence what measures you 
 will take; and, to avoid suspicion, I must im- 
 mediately return in as private a manner as I came.” 
 _ His lordship did so; and I remained alone, under 
 many doubts and perplexities of mind. 
 
 It was a custom introduced by this prince and his 
 ministry—very different, as I have been assured, 
 from the practices of former times—that after the 
 court had decreed any cruel execution, either to 
 
 gratify the monarch’s resentment, or the malice of 
 a favorite, the emperor made a speech to his whole 
 council, expressing his great lenity and tenderness, 
 as qualities known and confessed by all the world. 
 This speech was immediately published through the 
 kingdom; nor did anything terrify the people so 
 much as those encomiums on his majesty’s mercy ; 
 decause it was observed that the more these praises 
 vere enlarged and insisted on, the more inhuman 
 was the punishment, and the sufferer more innocent. 
 And, as to myself, I must confess, having never 
 deen designed for a courtier, either by my birth or 
 sducation, I was so ill a judge of things that I could 
 lot discover the lenity and favor of this sentence, 
 ut conceived it (perhaps erroneously) rather to be 
 
94 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 rigorous than gentle. I sometimes thought of 
 standing my trial; for, although I could not deny 
 the facts alleged in the several articles, yet I hoped 
 they would admit of some extenuations. But 
 having in my life perused many state trials, which 
 I ever observed to terminate as the judges thought 
 fit to direct, I durst not rely on so dangerous a 
 decision, in so critical a juncture, and against such 
 powerful enemies. Once I was strongly bent upon 
 resistance ; for while I had liberty, the whole 
 strength of that empire could hardly subdue me, 
 and I might easily with stones pelt the metropolis 
 to pieces; but I soon rejected that project with 
 horror, by remembering the oath I had made to the 
 emperor, the favors I received from him, and the 
 high title of nardac he conferred-upon me. Neither 
 had I so soon learned the gratitude of courtiers, to 
 persuade myself that his majesty’s present severities 
 acquitted me of all past obligations. 
 
 At last I fixed upon a resolution, for which it is 
 probable I may incur some censure, and not um 
 justly; for I confess I owe the preserving mine 
 
 eyes, and consequently my liberty, to my own grea 
 rashness and want of experience; because, if I had 
 then known the nature of princes and ministers 
 which I have since observed in many other courts 
 and their methods of treating criminals less obnox 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 95 
 
 ious than myself, I should, with great alacrity and 
 readiness, have submitted to so easy a punishment. 
 But, hurried on by the precipitancy of youth, and 
 having his imperial majesty’s license to pay my at- 
 tendance upon the Emperor of Blefuscu, I took this 
 opportunity, before the three days were elapsed, to 
 send a letter to my friend the secretary, signifying 
 my resolution of setting out that morning for 
 Blefuscu, pursuant to the leave I had got; and, 
 without waiting for an answer, I went to that side 
 of the island where our fleet lay. I seized a large 
 
 n-of-war, tied a cable to the prow, and, lifting up 
 the anchors, I stripped myself, put my clothes (to- 
 ether with my coverlet, which I brought under 
 y arm) into the vessel, and, drawing it after me, 
 setween wading and swimming, arrived at the royal 
 sort of Blefuscu, where the people had long ex- 
 sected me: they lent me two guides to direct me 
 io the capital city, which is of the same name. 1 
 leld them in my hands till [came within two hun 
 lred yards of the gate, and desired them to signify 
 ny arrival to one of the secretaries, and let him 
 snow I there waited his majesty’scommand. I haa 
 answer in about an hour, that his majesty, at- 
 nded by the royal family, and great officers of the 
 ourt, was coming out to receive me. I advanced a 
 undred yards. The emperor and his train alighted 
 
96 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 from their horses; the empress and ladies from their 
 coaches; and I did not perceive they were in any 
 fright or concern. I lay on the ground to kiss his 
 majesty’s and the empress’ hand. I told his 
 majesty that I was come, according to my promise, 
 and with the license of the emperor my master, to 
 have the honor of seeing so mighty a monarch, and 
 to offer him any service in my power, consistent 
 with my duty to my own prince; not mentioning a 
 word of my disgrace, because I had hitherto no 
 regular information of it, and might suppose myself. 
 wholly ignorant of any such design ; neither could 
 I reasonably conceive that the emperor would dis 
 
 cover the secret while I was out of his power, 
 wherein, however, it soon appeared I was deceived, 
 
 Ishall not trouble the reader with the particular 
 account of my reception at this court, which was 
 suitable to the generosity of so great a prince; no 
 of the difficulties I was in for want of a house an¢ 
 bed, being forced to lie on the ground, wrapped uj 
 in my coverlet. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 97 
 
 CHAPTER VIIL 
 
 The Author, by a lucky accident, finds means to leave 
 Blefusco; and after some difficulties returns safe to his 
 native Country. 
 
 TarrE days after my arrival, walking out of 
 curiosity to the northeast coast of the island, I 
 observed, about half a league off in the sea, some- 
 what that looked like a boat overturned. I pulled 
 off my shoes and stockings, and, wading two or 
 three hundred yards, I found the object to approach 
 nearer by force of the tide; and then plainly saw it 
 # be a real boat, which I supposed might by some 
 mpest have been driven from a ship: whereupon 
 {returned immediately toward the city, and desired 
 iis imperial majesty to lend me twenty of the tallest 
 ressels he had left, after the loss of his fleet, and 
 hree thousand seamen under the command of the 
 rice-admiral. This fleet sailed round, while I went 
 rack the shortest way to the coast, where I first 
 liscovered the boat. 1 found the tide had driven it 
 till nearer. The seamen were all provided with 
 ordage, which I had beforehand twisted to a suffi- 
 
98 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 cient strength. When the ships came up, I stripped f 
 myself, and waded till 1 came within an hundred 
 yards of the boat, after which I was forced to swim — 
 till I got up to it. The seamen threw me the end © 
 of the cord, which I fastened to a hole in the fore 
 part of the boat, and the other end to a man-of-war ; 
 but I found all my labor to little purpose; for,” 
 being out of my depth, I was not able to work. Ing 
 this necessity, I was forced to swim behind, and 
 push the boat forward, as often as I could, with one 
 of my hands; and the tide favoring me, I advanced § 
 so far that I could just hold up my chin and feel the” 
 ground. I rested two or three minutes, and then | 
 gave the boat another shove, and so on, till the sea 
 was no higher than my armpits, and now, the most 
 laborious part being over, I took out my other 
 cables, which were stowed in one of the ships, and 
 
 fastened them first to the boat, and then to nine off 
 
 the vessels which attended me; the wind being 
 
 favorable, the seamen towed and I shoved, till _ 
 arrived within forty yards of the shore; and waitdl 
 
 ing till the tide was out, I got dry to the boat, and 
 by the assistance of two thousand men, with ropes 
 and engines,* I made a shift to turn it on ts 
 bottom, and found it was but little damaged. iu 
 
 *Such as pulleys, capstans, levers, or other mechanical 
 contrivances. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 99 
 
 { shall not trouble the reader with the difficulties 
 I was under, by the help of certain paddles, which 
 cost me ten days making, to get my boat to the 
 royal port of Blefuscu, where a mighty concourse of 
 
 *¢% 
 oo 2 
 el So 
 
 ‘By the assistance of two thousand men I turned the boat on its bottom.” 
 
 people appeared upon my arrival, full of wonder at 
 the sight of so prodigious a vessel. I told the 
 
 emperor that my good fortune had thrown this boat 
 ™ my way to carry me to some place from whence 
 I might return into my native country ; and begged 
 his majesty’s orders for getting materials to fit it 
 up, together with his license to depart ; which, after 
 
 N 
 i 
 
100 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 some kind expostulations, he was pleased to grant. 
 
 I did very much wonder, in all this time, not to 
 have heard of any express* relating to me from our — 
 
 emperor to the court of: Blefuscu. But I was after- 
 ward given privately to understand that his imperial 
 majesty, never imagining I had the least notice of 
 his designs, believed I was only gone to Blefuscu in 
 
 performance of my promise, according to the 
 
 license he had given me, which was well known at 
 our court, and would return in a few days, when 
 that ceremony was ended. But he was at last in 
 pain at my long absence; and, after consulting with 
 
 the treasurer and the rest of that cabal, ¢ a person 
 of quality was dispatched with the copy of the 
 
 articles against me. The envoy had instructions to 
 represent to the monarch of Blefuscu the great 
 lenity of his master, who was content to punish me 
 no further than with the loss of mine eyes; that I 
 had fled from justice; and if I did not return in two 
 
 hours I should be deprived of my title of nardac, 
 and declared a traitor. The envoy further added, 
 _ that, in order to maintain the peace and amity be- 
 
 tween both empires, his master expected that his 
 
 ne 
 
 * Message or messenger. 
 
 t Persons connected with a royal court who engage in some 
 secret scheme or design. 
 
 | 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 101 
 
 brother of Blefuscu would give orders to have me 
 sent back to Lilliput, bound hand and foot, to be 
 punished as a traitor. 
 
 The Emperor of Blefuscu, having taken three 
 days to consult, returned an answer consisting of 
 many civilities and excuses. He said that, as for 
 sending me bound, his brother knew it was impos- 
 sible; that, although I had deprived him of his fleet, 
 yet he owed great obligations to me for many good 
 offices I had done him in making the peace. Thai, 
 however, both their majesties would soon be made 
 easy ; for I had found a prodigious vessel on the 
 ‘shore, able to carry me on the sea, which he had 
 ‘given order to fit up, with my own assistance and 
 direction ; and he hoped, in a few weeks, both em- 
 
 pires would be freed from so insupportable an 
 encumbrance. 
 
 With this answer the envoy returned to Lilliput ; 
 and the monarch of Blefuscu related to me all that 
 had passed; offering me, at the same\time (but 
 under the strictest confidence), his gracious protec- 
 tion, if I would continue in his service: wherein, 
 although I believed him sincere, yet I resolved never 
 more to put any confidence in princes or ministers, 
 where I could possibly avoid it; and, therefore, 
 with all due acknowledgments for his favorable 
 intentions, I humbly begged to be excused. I told 
 
102 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 him that, since fortune, whether good or evil, had 
 thrown a vessel in my way, I was resolved to 
 venture myself on the ocean, rather than be an occa- 
 sion of difference between two such mighty mon- 
 archs. Neither did I find the emperor at all dis- 
 pleased ; and I discovered, by a certain accident, 
 that he was very glad of my resolution, and so were 
 most of his ministers. 
 
 These considerations moved me to hasten my de- 
 parture somewhat sooner than I intended; to which 
 the court, impatient to have me gone, very readily 
 contributed. Five hundred workmen were em-. 
 ployed to make two sails to my boat, according to 
 my directions, by quilting thirteen folds of their 
 strongest linen together. I was at the pains of 
 making ropes and cables by twisting ten, twenty or 
 thirty of the thickest and strongest of theirs. A 
 great stone that I happened to find, after a long 
 search, by the seashore, served me for an anchor. I 
 had the tallow of three hundred cows for greasing 
 my boat, and other uses. I was at incredible pains: 
 in cutting down some of the largest timber-trees for 
 oars and masts; wherein I was, however, much 
 assisted by his majesty’s ship-carpenters, who helped 
 me in smoothing them after I had done the rough 
 work. 
 
 In about a month, when all was prepared, I sent 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. ° 103 
 
 to receive his majesty’s commands, and to take my 
 leave. ‘The emperor and royal family came out of the 
 palace: I lay down on my face to kiss his hand, which 
 he very graciously gave me: so did the empress and 
 young princes of the blood. His majesty presented 
 me with fifty purses of two hundred sprugs apiece, 
 together with his picture at full length, which I put 
 immediately into one of my gloves, te keep it from 
 being hurt. The ceremonies at my departure were 
 too many to trouble the reader with at this time. 
 
 I stored the boat with the carcasses of an hundred 
 oxen and three hundred sheep, with bread and drink 
 proportionable, and as much meat ready dressed as 
 four hundred cooks could provide. I took with me 
 six cows and two bulls alive, with as many ewes and 
 
 \rams, intending to carry them into my own country, 
 
 and propagate the breed. And, to feed them on 
 board, I had a good bundle of hay and a bag of corn. 
 I would gladly have taken a dozen of the natives, 
 but this was a thing which the emperor would by 
 no means permit; and, besides a diligent search into 
 my pockets, his majesty engaged my honor not to 
 icarry away any of his subjects, although with their 
 jown consent and desire. 
 
 Having thus prepared all things as well as I was 
 fable, I set sail on the 24th day of September, 
 H1701, at six in the morning; and when I had 
 
 rr 
 
 RPS 
 
104 - GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 gone about four leagues to the northward, the wind 
 being at southeast, at six in the evening I descried a 
 small island, about half a league to the northwest. 
 I advanced forward, and cast anchor on the lee-side* ; 
 of the island, which seemed to be uninhabited. I 
 then took some refreshment, and went to my rest. 
 I slept well, and I conjecture at least six hours, for 
 
 I found the day broke in two hours after I awaked. 
 It was a clear night. I eat my breakfast before the i 
 sun was up; and, heaving anchor, the wind being 
 favorable, I steered the same course that I had done i 
 the day before, wherein I was directed by my 
 
 pocket-compass. My intention was to reach, if poss 
 sible, one of those islands which I had reason to be- 
 lieve lay to the northeast of Van Diemen’s Land.ft 
 I discovered nothing all that day; but upon the 
 next, about three in the afternoon, when I had, by 
 my computation, made twenty-four leagues from 
 Blefuscu, I descried a sail steering to the southeast ; 
 my course was due east. I hailed her, but could 
 get no answer; yet I found I gained upon her, for | 
 the wind slackened. I made all the sail I could, 
 and in half an hour she spied me, then hung out he y 
 
 ~~ 
 
 Ss =o 
 
 * Side sheltered from the were 
 
 + Australia is a short distance to the north of Tasmania or 
 Van Diemen’s Land. There are no islands to the northeast 
 for a long distance. | 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 105 
 
 ancient,* and discharged a gun. It is not easy to 
 express the joy I was in, upon the unexpected hope 
 of once more seeing my beloved country, and the 
 dear pledges I left in it. The ship slackened her 
 sails, and I came up with her between five and six 
 in the evening, September 26th; but my heart 
 leaped within me to see her English colors. I put 
 my cows and sheep into my coat-pockets, and got 
 on board with all my little cargo of provisions. 
 The vessel was an English merchantman, returning 
 from Japan by the North and South Seas; the cap- 
 ‘tain, Mr. John Biddel of Deptford, a very civil man 
 ‘and an excellent sailor. We were now in the lati- 
 
 ‘tude of thirty degrees south; there were about fifty 
 men in the ship; and here I met an old comrade of 
 mine, one Peter Williams, who gave me a good char- 
 acter to the captain. This gentleman treated me 
 with kindness, and desired I would let him know 
 what place I came from last, and whither I was 
 bound; which I did in few words, but he thought I 
 Was raving, and that the dangers I underwent had 
 disturbed my head; whereupon I took my black 
 cattle and sheep out of my pocket, which, after great 
 astonishment, clearly convinced him of my veracity. 
 [then showed him the gold given me by the Em- 
 deror of Blefuscu, together with his majesty’s picture 
 
 Si ee 
 
 * Ensign or flag. 
 
106 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 at full length, and some other rarities of that 
 country. I gave him two purses of two hundred 
 sprugs each, and promised, when we arrived in Eng 
 land, to make him a present of a cow and a sheep. 
 T shall not trouble the reader with a particular 
 account of this voyage, which was very prosperous, 
 for the most part. Wearrived in the Downs on the 
 18th of April, 1702. I had only one misfortune, that — 
 the rats on board carried away one of my sheep; _ 
 I found her bones in a hole, picked clean from the 
 flesh. The rest of my cattle I got safe on shore,’ 
 
 and set them a-grazing in a bowling-green at Green- | 
 wich, where the fineness of the grass made them ~ 
 feed very heartily, though I had always feared the 
 contrary ; neither could I possibly have preserved — 
 them in so long a voyage, if the captain had not 
 allowed me some of his best biscuit, which rubbed — 
 to powder, and mingled with water, was their con- — 
 stant food. Theshort time I continued in England, © 
 I made a considerable profit by showing my cattle 
 to many persons of quality and others; and before 
 I began my second voyage, I sold them for six hun- 
 dred pounds. Since my last return I find the breed 
 is considerably increased, especially the sheep, — 
 which I hope will prove much to the advantage of 
 the woollen manufacture, by the fineness of the : 
 fleeces. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 102 
 
 I stayed but two months with my wife and 
 family ; for my insatiable desire of seeing foreign 
 countries would suffer me to continue no longer. [I 
 left fifteen hundred pounds with my wife, and fixed 
 her in a good house at Redriff.* My remaining 
 stock I carried with me, part in money and part in 
 goods, in hopes to improve my fortunes. My 
 eldest uncle John had left me an estate in land, near 
 Epping, of about thirty pounds a-year; and I hada 
 long lease of the Black Bull in Fetter Lane, which 
 yielded me as much more; so that I was not in any 
 danger of leaving my family upon the parish. My 
 son Johnny, named so after his uncle, was at the 
 grammar-school, and a towardly child. My daugh- 
 ter Betty (who is now well married, and has chil- 
 dren) was then at her needlework. I[ took leave of 
 my wife and boy and girl, with tears on both sides, 
 and went on board the Adventure, a merchant ship 
 of three hundred tons, bound for Surat,+ Captain 
 John Nicholas, of Liverpool, commander. But my 
 account of this voyage must be referred to tie 
 second part of my travels. 
 
 *That is, Rotherhithe, now a part of London, on the south 
 bank of the Thames. 
 
 + At one time the chief commercial city in India, about 160 
 miles north of Bombay. 
 
Pet ache 
 
 y Nested Heh ve 
 ecehaiesina dd un ths 
 
 lt 
 SofVomibely 
 a 3 (ert as ; 
 io net (Soci 
 
 ee 
 
 a % ii 
 > i 
 
 vy 
 
 P 
 
 7 att 
 
 (hei sf 
 q +e ce } 
 
PART IL 
 A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG. 
 
PARTaLE 
 A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 A great Storm; the Long-boat sent to fetch water, the Author 
 goes with it to discover the Country—He is left on shore, 
 is seized by one of the natives, and carried to a Farmer’s 
 House—His reception there, with several Accidents that 
 happened there—A Description of the Inhabitants. 
 
 Havine been condemned, by nature and fortune, 
 to an active and restless life, in two months after 
 my return I again left my native country, and took 
 
 shipping in the Downs, on the 20th day of June, 
 1702, in the Adventure, Captain John Nicholas, a 
 —Cornishman, commander, bound for Surat. We had 
 avery prosperous gale till we arrived at the Cape of 
 
112 GULLIVER’S TRA VHLS. 
 
 Good Hope, where we landed for fresh water; but 
 discovering a leak, we unshipped our goods and 
 wintered there; for the captain falling sick of an 
 ague,.we could not leave the Cape till the end of 
 March. We then set sail, and had a good voyage 
 till we passed the Straits of Madagascar ;* but hav- 
 ing got northward of that island, and to about five 
 degrees south latitude, the winds, which in those seas 
 are observed to blow a constant equal gale between — 
 the north and west, from the beginning of December ~ 
 to the beginning of May, on the 19th of April began to — 
 blow with much greater violence, and more westerly 
 than usual, continuing so for twenty days together ; _ 
 during which time we were driven a little to the 
 east of the Molucca Islands,t and about three 
 degrees northward of the line, as our captain found — 
 by an observation he took the 2d of May, at which 
 time the wind ceased, and it was a perfect calm, 
 whereat I was not a little rejoiced. But he, being a _ 
 man well experienced in the navigation of those 
 
 seas, bid us all prepare against a storm, which 
 accordingly happened the day following; for a 
 
 * Mozambique Channel. 
 + How they could get there without encountering Sumatra, — 
 Java, Borneo, Celebes, or other islands of those seas, is a 
 mystery. Celebes is a little to the west of the Moluccas; the 
 line (or equator) passes through this group. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. Ag 
 
 southern wind, called the southern monsoon, * began 
 to set in, and soon it was a very fierce storm. 
 
 During this storm, which was followed by a 
 strong wind west-southwest, we were carried, by mv 
 computation, about five hundred leagues to the east, 
 so that the oldest sailor on board could not tell ir 
 what part of the world we were. Our provisions 
 held out well, our ship was staunch, and our crew 
 all in good health ; but we lay in the utmost distress 
 for water. We thought it best to hold on the same 
 course, rather than turn more northerly, which 
 might have brought us to the northwest parts of 
 Great Tartary,t and into the Frozen Sea. 
 
 On the 16th day of June, 1703, a boy on the top- 
 mast discovered land.t On the 17th we came in 
 full view of a great island, or continent (for we knew 
 not whether), on the south side whereof was a small 
 neck of land jutting out into the sea, and a creek 
 too shallow to hold a ship of above one hundred 
 tons. We cast anchor within a league of this creek, 
 and our captain sent a dozen of his men well armed 
 
 * The moonsoons are winds of the indian Ocean and Eastern 
 ‘seas that blow in the same direction for half the year and in 
 ‘the opposite direction the other half. 
 
  t Mongolia, Manchuria, ete. 
 
 { What and where this land was is explained afterward. 
 
114 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 in the long-boat, with vessels for water, if any could 
 be found. I desired his leave to go with them, that 
 I might see the country, and make what discoveries 
 I could. When we came to land we saw no river 
 or spring, nor any sign of inhabitants. Our men 
 therefore wandered on the shore to find out some 
 fresh water near the sea, and I walked alone about 
 a mile on the other side, where I observed the 
 country all barren and rocky. I now began to be 
 weary, and, seeing nothing to entertain my curios- 
 ity, I returned gently down toward the creek ; and 
 the sea being full in my view, I saw our men already 
 got into the boat, and rowing for life to the ship. 
 I was going to halloo after them, although it had 
 been to little purpose, when I observed a huge 
 creature walking after them in the sea, as fast as 
 he could; he waded not much deeper than his knees, 
 and took prodigious strides; but our men had got 
 the start of him half a league, and the sea: there- 
 abouts being full of sharp pointed rocks, the 
 monster was not able to overtake the boat. This I 
 was afterward told, for I durst not stay to see the 
 issue of that adventure; but ran as fast as I could 
 the way I first went, and then climbed up a steep 
 hill, which gave me some prospect of the country. 
 I found it fully cultivated; but that which first sur- 
 
 prised me was the length of the grass, which in — 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 115 
 
 those grounds that seemed to be kept for hay was 
 above twenty foot high. 
 
 I fell into a highroad, for so I took it to be, 
 though it served to the inhabitants only as a foot- 
 path through a field of barley. Here I walked on 
 for some time, but could see little on either side, it 
 being now near harvest, and the corn rising at least 
 forty foot. I was an hour walking to the end of 
 this field, which was fenced in with a hedge of at 
 least one hundred and twenty foot high, and the 
 trees so lofty that I could make no computation of 
 their altitude. There was a stile to pass from this 
 field into the next. It had four steps, and a stone 
 to cross over when you came to the uppermost. It 
 was impossible for me to climb this stile, because 
 every step was six foot high, and the upper stone 
 above twenty. I was endeavoring to find some gap 
 in the hedge, when I discovered one of the inhabit- 
 ants in the next field, advancing toward the stile, of 
 the same size with him whom I saw in the sea 
 pursuing our boat. He appeared as tall as an 
 ordinary spire steeple, and took about ten. yards at 
 every stride, as near as] could guess. I was struck 
 with the utmost fear and astonishment, and ran to 
 hide myself in the corn, from whence I saw him at the 
 top of the stile, looking back into the next field on 
 the right hand, and heard him call in a voice many 
 
\16 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 degrees louder than a speaking-trumpet ; but the 
 noise was so high in the air that at first I certainly 
 thought it was thunder. Whereupon seven mon- 
 sters, like himself,* came toward him with reaping 
 hooks in their hands, each hook about the largeness 
 of six scythes. These people were not so well clad 
 as the first, whose servants or laborers they seemed 
 to be; for, upon some words he spoke, they went to 
 reap the corn in the field where I lay. I kept from 
 them at as great a distance as I could, but was 
 forced to move with extreme difficulty, for the 
 stalks of the corn were sometimes not above a foot 
 distant, so that I could hardly squeeze my body be- 
 twixt them. However, I madea shift to go forward 
 till I came to a part of the field where the corn had 
 been laid by the rain and wind. Here it was im- 
 possible for me to advance a step; for the stalks 
 were so interwoven that I could not creep through, 
 and the beards of the fallen ears so strong and 
 pointed that they pierced through my clothes into 
 my flesh. At the same time I heard the reapers 
 not above an hundred yards behind me. Being quite 
 dispirited with toil, and wholly overcome by grief 
 
 —_—$—$— $$ 
 
 *The Brobdingnagians are represented to be about as much 
 larger than ordinary human beings as the Lilliputians are 
 smaller (about twelve times), all their belongings being of a 
 corresponding magnitude. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 117 
 
 and despair, I lay down between two ridges, and 
 heartily wished I might there end my days. I be 
 moaned my desolate widow and fatherless children. 
 I lamented my own folly and willfulness in attempt- 
 ing a second voyage, against the advice of all my 
 friends and relations. In this terrible agitation of 
 mind I could not forbear thinking of Lilliput, 
 whose inhabitants looked upon me as the greatest 
 prodigy that ever appeared in the world; where I 
 was able to draw an imperial fleet in my hand, and 
 perform those other actions which will be recorded 
 forever in the chronicles of that empire, while 
 posterity shall hardly believe them, although 
 attested by millions. I reflected what a mortifi- 
 cation it must prove to me to appear as inconsider- 
 _ able in this nation as one single Lilliputian would be 
 among us. But this I conceived was to be the least 
 of my misfortunes; for, as human creatures are 
 observed to be more savage and cruel in proportion 
 to their bulk, what could I expect but to be a 
 morsel in the mouth of the first among these 
 enormous barbarians that should happen to seize 
 me? Undoubtedly philosophers are in the right 
 when they tell us that nothing is great or little 
 otherwise than by comparison. It might have 
 pleased fortune to let the Lilliputians find some 
 nation, where the people were as diminutive witb 
 
118 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 respect to them as they were to me. And who. 
 knows but that even this prodigious race of mortals 
 might be equally overmatched in some distant part 
 of the world, whereof we have yet no discovery. 
 Scared and confounded as I was, I could not for- 
 bear going on with these reflections, when one of 
 the reapers, approaching within ten yards of the 
 ridge where I lay, made me apprehend that with 
 the next step I should be squashed to death under 
 his foot, or cut in two with his reaping-hook. And 
 therefore when he was again about to move, I 
 screamed as loud as fear could make me; whereupon 
 the huge creature trod short, and, looking round 
 about under him for some time, at last espied me as 
 I lay on the ground. He considered awhile, with 
 the caution of one who endeavors to lay hold on a 
 small dangerous animal in such a manner that it 
 may not be able either to scratch or to bite him, as 
 I myself have sometimes done with a weasel in 
 England. At length he ventured to take me up be- 
 hind, by the middle, between his forefinger and 
 thumb, and brought me within three yards of his 
 eyes, that he might behold my shape more perfectly. 
 I guessed his meaning, and my good fortune gave 
 me so much presence of mind that I resolved not. 
 to struggle in the least as he held me in the air 
 above sixty foot from the ground, although he 
 
GULLIIVER’S TRAVELS. ‘119 
 
 - grievously pinched my sides, for fear I should slip 
 > through his fingers. All I ventured was to raise 
 mine eyes toward the sun, and place my hands to- 
 gether ia a supplicating posture, and to speak some 
 words in an humble, melancholy tone, suitable to 
 the condition I then was in; for I apprehended 
 every moment that he would dash me against the 
 ground, as we usually do any little hateful animal 
 which we have a mind to destroy. But my good 
 star would have it that he appeared pleased with 
 my voice and gestures, and began to look upon me 
 as a curiosity, much wondering to hear me pro- 
 nounce articulate words, although he could not 
 understand them. In the meantime I was not able 
 to forbear groaning and shedding tears, and turning 
 my head toward my sides; letting him know as well 
 as I could how cruelly I was hurt by the pressure 
 of his thumb and finger. He seemed to apprehend 
 my meaning; for, lifting up the lappet* of his coat, 
 he put me gently into it, and immediately ran along 
 with me to his master, who wasa substantial farmer, 
 and the same person [ had first seen in the field. 
 The farmer having (as I supposed by their talk) 
 received such an account of me as his servant could 
 
 * Here and also below this word seems to be used as equiva- 
 lent to skirt. 
 
120 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 give him, took a piece of a small straw, about the 
 size of a walking-staff, and therewith lifted up the 
 
 “T pulled off my hat, and made a low bow toward the farmer.” 
 
 lappets of my coat; which, it seems, he thought to 
 be some kind of covering that nature had given me, | | 
 
 He blew my hairs aside to take a better view of my 
 
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 121 
 
 face. He called his hinds about him, and asked 
 them, as I afterward learned, whether they had ever 
 seen in the fields any little creature tuat resembled 
 me? He then placed me softly on the ground upon 
 all four, but I got immediately up, and walked 
 slowly backward and forward, to let those people 
 see [ had no intent torun away. They all sate 
 down in a circle about me, the better to observe my 
 motions. | pulled off my hat, and made a low bow 
 toward the farmer. I fell on my knees, and lifted 
 up my hands and eyes, and spoke several words as 
 Joud as I could; I took a purse of gold out of my 
 pocket, and humbly presented it to him. He re- 
 ceived it on the palm of his hand, then applied it 
 close to his eye to see what it was, and afterward 
 turned it several times with the point of a pin 
 (which he took out of his sleeve), but could make 
 nothing of it. Whereupon I made a sign that he 
 should place his hand on the ground. I then took 
 the purse, and opening it, poured all the gold into 
 his palm. There were six Spanish pieces of four 
 nistoles* each, besides twenty or thirty smaller 
 soins. I saw him wet the tip of his little finger 
 ipon his tongue, and take up one of my largest 
 dieces, and then another; but he seemed to be 
 wholly ignorant what they were. He made me a 
 
 ee ee ee 
 
 * A pistole is equivalent to about 16s. sterling. 
 
122 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 ee ees 
 
 sign to put them again into my purse, and the purse 
 again into my pocket, which, after offering to him 
 several times, I thought it best to do.’ ) 
 
 The farmer, by this time, was convinced I a 
 be a rational creature. He spoke often to me; but 
 the sound of his voice pierced my ears like that of a 
 water-mill, yet his words were articulate enough, 
 I answered as loud as I could in several languages, 
 and he often laid his ear within two yards of me 
 but all in vain, for we were wholly unintelligible to 
 each other. He then sent his servants to their 
 work, and taking his handkerchief out of his pocket, 
 he doubled, and spread it on his left hand, which 
 he placed flat on the ground, with the palm upwar d, 
 
 making me a sign to step into it, as I could easily 
 do, for it was not above a foot in thickness. I 
 thought it my part to obey ; and for fear of falling 
 laid myself at full length upon the handkerchief, 
 with the remainder of which he lapped me up 
 the head for further security, and in this manner 
 carried me home to his house. There he called his 
 
 ran back, as women in England do at the sight of a 
 toad or a spider. However, when she had awhile 
 seen my behavior, and how well I observed the 
 signs her husband made, she was soon reconciled, 
 and by degrees grew extremely tender of me. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS: | 123 
 
 It was about twelve at noon, and a_ servant. 
 srought in dinner. It was only one substantial dish - 
 #f meat (fit for the plain condition of an husband- . 
 nan), in a dish of about twenty-four foot diameter. 
 he company were, the farmer and his wife, three. 
 hildren, and an old grandmother. When they 
 vere sat down, the farmer placed me at some dis 
 ance from him on the table, which was thirty foot 
 igh from the floor. I was in a terrible fright, and 
 ept as far as I could from the edge, for fear of 
 alling. The wife minced a bit of meat, then 
 rumbled some bread on a trencher, and placed it 
 
 efore me. I made her a low bow, took out my 
 nife and fork, and fell to eat, which gave them ex- 
 zeding delight. The mistress sent her maid for a 
 all dram-cup, which held about two gallons, and 
 ed it with drink; I took up the vessel with much 
 ifficulty in both hands, and in a most respectful 
 ianner drank to her ladyship’s health, expressing 
 te words as loud as I could in English, which 
 lade the company laugh so heartily, that I was 
 most deafened with the noise. This liquor tasted 
 se a small cider, and was not unpleasant. Then 
 ‘e master made me a sign to come to his trencher 
 de; butas I walked on the table, being in great 
 rprise all the time, as the indulgent reader will 
 Sily conceive and excuse, I happened to stumble 
 
124 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 
 
 against a crust, and fell flat on my face, but received | 
 no hurt. I got up immediately, and observing the 
 good people to be in much concern, I took my hat. 
 (which I held under my arm out of good manners), 
 and waving it over my head, made three huzzas, to 
 show I had got no mischief by my fall. But 
 advancing forward toward my master (as 1 shall 
 henceforth call him), his youngest son, who sate’ 
 next him, an arch boy of about ten years old, took. 
 me up by the legs, and held me so high in the air 
 that I trembled every limb; but his father snatched 
 me from him, and at the same time gave him such 
 box on the left ear as would have felled an Euro- 
 pean troop of horse to the earth, ordering him to be 
 taken from the table. But, being afraid the boy 
 nught Owe me a spite, and well remembering how 
 mischievous all children among us naturally are to 
 sparrows, rabbits, young kittens, and puppy-dogs, I 
 fell on my knees, and, pointing to the boy, made my | 
 master to understand, as well as I could, that 
 desired his son might be pardoned. The father 
 complied, and the lad took his seat again, whereupon | 
 I went to him, and kissed his hand, which my master 
 took, and made him stroke me gently with it. | 
 
 In the midst of dinner my mistress’ favorite cat 
 leaped into her lap. I heard a noise behind me like 
 that of a dozen stocking-weavers at work; and turn 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 125 
 
 ing my head I found it proceeded from the purring 
 of this animal, who seemed to be three times larger 
 than an ox, as I computed by the view of her head 
 and one of her paws, while her mistress was feeding 
 and stroking her. The fierceness of this creature’s 
 countenance altogether discomposed me though I 
 stood at the further end of the table, above fifty 
 foot off; and although my mistress held her fast, 
 for fear she might give a spring, and seize me in 
 her talons. But it happened there was no danger; 
 for the cat took not the least notice of me when my 
 master placed me within three yards of her. And, 
 as I have been always told, and found true by ex- 
 perience in my travels, that flying or discovering* 
 fear before a fierce animal is a certain way to make 
 it pursue or attack you,so I resolved, in this 
 Jangerous juncture, to show no manner of concern. 
 { walked with intrepidity five or six times before 
 she very head of the cat, and came within half a 
 yard of her; whereupon she drew herself back, as 
 f she were more afraid of me. I had less appre- 
 fension concerning the dogs, whereof three or four 
 
 same into the room as it is usual in farmers’ houses ; 
 ye of which was a mastiff, equal in bulk to four 
 slephants, and a greyhound, somewhat taller than 
 she mastiff, but not so large. 
 
 * Showing; Ictting it be seen. 
 
126 ' GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 When dinner was almost done the nurse came i 
 with a child of a year old in her arms, who immed: 
 ately spied me, and began a squall that you migh 
 have heard from London Bridge to Chelsea, afte 
 the usual oratory of infants, to get me for a play 
 thing. The mother, out of pure indulgence, tool 
 ‘me up, and put me toward the child, who presenth: 
 seized me by the middle, and got my head in hi 
 mouth, where [ roared so loud that the urchin wa 
 frighted, and let me drop, and I should infallibl 
 have broke my neck, if the mother had not held he 
 apron under me. The nurse, to quiet her babe 
 made use of a rattle, which was a kind of holloy 
 vessel filled with great stones, and fastened by : 
 cable to the child’s waist; but all in vain, so tha 
 she was forced to apply the last remedy by giving 
 it suck. I must confess no object, ever disgusted m 
 so much as the sight of her monstrous breast, whiel 
 I cannot tell what to compare with, so as to give th 
 curious reader an idea of its bulk, shape, and colo1 
 
 This made me reflect upon the fair skins of ow 
 English ladies, who appear so beautiful to us, onl: 
 because they are of our own size, and their defect 
 not to be seen but through a magnifying glass 
 where we find by experiment that the smoothes 
 and whitest skins look rough, and coarse, and ill 
 colored. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 199 
 
 _ I remember when I was at Lilliput the com- 
 plexions of those diminutive people appeared to me 
 the fairest in the world; and talking upon this sub- 
 ject with a person of learning there, who was an in- 
 timate friend of mine, he said that my face appeared 
 much-fairer and smoother when he looked on me from 
 the ground tlian it did upon a nearer view, when I 
 took him up in my hand, and brought him close, 
 
 which he confessed was at first a very shocking 
 ight. He said he could discover great holes in my 
 
 skin; that the stumps of my beard were ten times 
 stronger than the bristles of a boar, and my com- 
 plexion made up of several colors altogether dis- 
 agreeable : although I must beg leave to say for 
 myself: that I am as fair as most of my sex and 
 country, and very little sunburnt by all my 
 travels. 
 
 On the other side, discoursing of the ladies in that 
 emperor’s court, he used to tell me one had freckles, 
 another too wide a mouth, a third too large a nose; 
 nothing of which I was able to distinguish. I con- 
 fess this reflection was obvious enough ; which, how- 
 ever, I could not forbear, lest the reader might think 
 those vast creatures were actually deformed: for I 
 must do them the justice to say they are a comely 
 race of people; and particularly the features of my 
 master’s countenance, although he were but a 
 
 | 
 | 
 
128 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 farmer, when I beheld him from the height of sixty 
 foot, appeared very well-proportioned. 
 
 When dinner was done my master went out to his 
 laborers, and, as I could discover by his voice and 
 gesture, gave his wife a strict charge to take care of 
 me. I was very much tired, and disposed to sleep, 
 which my mistress perceiving she put me on her 
 own bed, and covered me with a clean white hand- 
 kerchief, but larger and coarser than the mainsail of 
 a man-of-war. | 
 
 I slept about two hours, and dreamed I was at 
 home with my wife and children, which aggravated 
 my sorrows when I awaked and found myself alone 
 in a vast room, between two and three hundred foot 
 wide, and above two hundred high, lying in .a bed 
 twenty yards wide. My mistress was gone about her 
 household affairs, and had locked mein. The bed was 
 eight yards from the floor. I wished to get down, but 
 durst not presume to call; and if I had it would 
 have been in vain, with such a voice as mine, at so 
 great a distance as from the room where I lay to the 
 kitchen where the family kept. While I was under 
 these circumstances two rats crept up the curtains, 
 and ran smelling backward and forward on the bed. 
 One of them came up almost to my face, whereupon 
 Troseina areas and oy out my nAneeN to o,delenms | 
 
 * A kind of short, broad sword ee carried. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS 129 
 
 myself. These horrible animals had the boldness to 
 attack me on both sides, and one of them held his 
 forefeet at my collar; but I had the good fortune to 
 rip up his belly before he could do me any mischief. 
 He fell down at my feet; and the other, seeing the 
 
 “The other made his escape.” 
 
 fate of his comrade, made his escape, but not with- 
 aut one good wound on the back, which I gave him 
 as he fled, and made the blood run trickling from 
 1m, After this exploit I walked gently to and fro 
 mn the bed, to recover my breath and loss of spirits. 
 [hese creatures were of the size of a large mastiff, 
 jut infinitely more nimble and fierce; so that, if I 
 vad taken off my belt before I went to sleep, I must 
 
130 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 have infallibly been torn to pieces and devoured. I 
 measured the tail of the dead rat, and found it to be 
 two yards long, wanting an inch; but it went 
 against my stomach to drag the carcass off the bed, 
 where it lay still bleeding; I observed it had yet 
 some life, but with a strong slash across the neck I 
 thoroughly despatched it. 
 
 Soon after my mistress came into the room, who, 
 seeing me all bloody, ran and took me up in her 
 hand. I pointed to the dead rat, smiling, and mak- 
 ing other signs to show I was not hurt ; whereat 
 she was extremely rejoiced, calling the maid to, take 
 up the dead rat with a pair of tongs, and throw it 
 out of the window. Then she set me ona table, 
 where I showed her my hanger all bloody, anc 
 wiping it on the lappet of my coat, returned it to 
 the scabbard. 
 
 I hope the gentle reader will excuse me for dwell- 
 ing on these and the like particulars, which, how- 
 ever insignificant they may appear to eroveling 
 vulgar minds, yet will certainly help a philosopher 
 to enlarge his thoughts and imagination, and apply 
 them to the benefit of public as well as private life, 
 which was my sole design in presenting this and 
 other accounts of my travels to the world; wherein 
 I have been chiefly studious of truth, without 
 affecting any ornaments of learning or of style. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 131 
 
 But the whole scene of this voyage made so strong 
 in impression on my mind, and is so deeply fixed in 
 ny memory, that, in committing it to paper, I did 
 1ot omit one material circumstance: however, upon 
 istrict review, I blotted out several passages of less 
 noment, which were in my first copy, for fear of be- 
 ng censured as tedious and trifling, whereof travelers 
 ire often, perhaps not without justice, accused. 
 
132 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 A Description of the Farmer’s Daughter—The Author carried _ 
 to a Market-town, and then to the Metropolis—The Par- 
 ticulars of his Journey. | 
 
 My mistress had a daughter of nine years old, a 
 child of towardly parts for her age, very dexterous’ 
 at her needle, and skillful in dressing her baby.* — 
 Her mother and she contrived to fit up the baby’s | 
 cradle for me against night ; the cradle was put into — 
 a small drawer of a cabinet, and the drawer placed 
 upon a hanging shelf for fear of the rats. This was 
 my bed all the time I stayed with those people, | 
 though made more convenient by degrees, as I | 
 began to learn their language, and make my wants 
 known. This young girl was so handy that, after 
 I had once or twice pulled off my clothes before — 
 her, she was able to dress and undress me, though I 
 never gave her that trouble when she would let me ~ 
 do either myself. She made me ‘seven shirts and 
 some other linen, of as fine cloth as could be got, — 
 which indeed was coarser than sackcloth; and 
 
 * That is, her doll (an old use of the word). 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 133 
 
 these she constantly washed for me with her own 
 hands. She was likewise my schoolmistress, to 
 teach me the language; when I pointed to anything 
 she told me the name of it in her own tongue, so 
 that ina few days I was able to call for whatever 
 I hada mind to. She was very good-natured, and 
 not above forty foot high, being little for her age. 
 She gave me the name of Grildrig, which the family 
 took up, and afterward the whole kingdom. The 
 word imports what the Latins call nanunculus, the 
 Italians homunceletino, and the English mannikin. 
 To her I chiefly owe my preservation in that 
 country ; we never parted while I was there; I 
 called her my Glumdalclitch, or little nurse, and I 
 should be guilty of great ingratitude if I omitted 
 this honorable mention of her care and affection to- 
 ward me, which I heartily wish it lay in my power 
 to requite as she deserves, mstead of being the in- 
 nocent, but unhappy, instrument of her disgrace, as 
 I have too much reason to fear. 
 
 It now began to be known and talked of in the 
 neighborhood that my master had found a strange 
 animal in the field, about the bigness of a splacnuck, 
 but exactly shaped in every part like a human 
 creature; which it likewise imitated in all its 
 actions ; seemed to speak in a little language of its 
 own, had already learned several words of theirs, went 
 
134 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 erect upon two legs, was tame and gentle, would 
 come when it was called, do whatever it was bid, 
 had the finest limbs in the world, and a complexion 
 fairer than a nobleman’s daughter of three years 
 old. Another farmer, who lived hard by, and was 
 a particular friend of my master, came on a visit on 
 purpose to inquire into the truth of this story. I 
 was immediately produced, and placed upon a table, 
 where I walked as I was commanded, drew my 
 hanger, put it up again, made my reverence to my 
 master’s guest, asked him in his own language how 
 he did, and told him he was welcome, just as my 
 little nurse had instructed me. This man, who was 
 old and dim-sighted, put on his spectacles to behold 
 me better, at which I could not forbear laughing 
 very heartily, for his eyes appeared like the full 
 moon shining into a chamber at two windows. Our 
 people who discovered the cause of my mirth, bore 
 me company in laughing, at which the old fellow 
 was fool enough to be angry and out of counte- 
 nance. He had the character of a great miser ; and, 
 to my misfortune, he well deserved it, by the 
 cursed advice he gave my master, to show me as 
 a sight upon a market-day in the next town, 
 which was half an hour’s riding, about twenty- 
 two miles from our house. I guessed there was 
 some mischief contriving, when I observed my 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 135 
 
 master and his friend whispering long together, 
 sometimes pointing at me; and my fears made me 
 fancy that I overheard and understood some of their 
 words. But the next morning Glumdalclitch, my 
 little nurse, told me the whole matter, which she 
 had cunningly picked out from her mother. The 
 poor girl laid me on her bosom, and fell a weeping 
 with shame and grief. She apprehended some mis- 
 chief would happen to me from rude, vulgar folks, 
 who might squeeze me to death, or break one of my 
 limbs by taking me in their hands. She had also 
 observed how modest I was in my nature, how 
 nicely I regarded my honor, and what an indignity 
 Ishould conceive it to be exposed for money as a 
 public spectacle to the meanest of the people. She 
 said her papa and mamma had promised that Gril- 
 drig should be hers; but now she found they meant 
 to serve her as they did last year, when they pre- 
 tended to give her a lamb, and yet, as soon as it was 
 fat, sold it toa butcher. For my own part, I may 
 truly affirm, that I was less concerned than my 
 
 ‘nurse. I had a strong hope, which never left me, 
 
 that I should one day recover my liberty; and as 
 _to the ignominy of being carried about for a mon- 
 ster, I considered myself to be a perfect stranger in 
 
 the country, and that such a misfortune could never 
 be charged upon me as a reproach, if ever I should 
 
136 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 return to England; since the king of Great Britain 
 himself, in my condition, must have undergone the 
 same distress. 
 
 My master, pursuant to the advice of his friend, 
 carried me in a box the next market-day to the 
 neighboring town, and took along with him his little 
 daughter, my nurse, upon a pillion* behind him. 
 The box was close on every side, with a little door 
 for me to go in and out, and a few gimiet holes to 
 let in air. The girl had been so careful as to put 
 the quilt of her baby’s bed into it, for me to lie 
 down on. However, I was terribly shaken and dis- 
 composed in this journey, though it were but of half 
 an hour: for the horse went about forty foot at 
 _ every step, and trotted so high that the agitation 
 was equal to the rising and falling of a ship in a 
 great storm, but much more frequent. Our journey 
 was somewhat further than from London to St. 
 Alban’s. My master alighted at an inn which he 
 used to frequent; and after consulting awhile with 
 the inn-keeper, and making some necessary prepara- 
 tions, he hired the grultrud, or crier, to give notice 
 through the town of a strange creature to be seen 
 av the sign of the Green Eagle, not so big as a 
 splacnuck (an animal in that country, very finely 
 
 * A cushion for a woman to ride behind a man on horseback 
 
GULLIVBR’S TRAVELS. 137 
 
 4 
 
 shaped, avout six foot long), and in every part of 
 the body resembling a human creature; could speak 
 several words, and perform an hundred diverting 
 tricks. 
 
 I was placed upon a table in the largest room of 
 the inn, which might be near three hundred foot 
 square. My little nurse stood on a low stool close 
 to the table, to take care of me, and direct what I 
 should do. My master, to avoid a crowd, would 
 suffer only thirty people at a time to see me. I 
 walked about the table as the girl commanded : she 
 asked me questions, as far as she knew my under. 
 standing of the language reached, and I answered 
 them as loud as I could. I turned about several 
 times to the company, paid my humble respects, 
 said they were welcome, and used some cther speeches 
 I had been taught. I took up a thimble filled with 
 liquor, which Glumdalclitch had given me fora cup, 
 and drank their health. I drew out my hanger, 
 and flourished with it after the manner of fencers 
 in England. My nurse gave me part of a straw, 
 which I exercised as a pike,* having learned the 
 art in my youth. I was that day shown to twelve 
 sets of company, and as oiten forced to act over 
 
 * A military weapon formerly used with along wooden shaft 
 and a steel head. 
 
138 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 again the same fopperies,* till I was half-dead with 
 weariness and vexation: for those who had seen me 
 made such wonderful reports that the people were 
 ready to break down the doors to come in. My 
 master, for his own interest, would not suffer any 
 one to touch me except my nurse: and to prevent 
 danger, benches were set round the table, at such a 
 distance as put me out of everybody’s reach. How- 
 ever, an unluckyt schoolboy aimed a hazelnut 
 directly at my head, which very narrowly missed 
 me; otherwise it came with so much violence that 
 it would have infallibly knocked out my brains, for 
 it was almost as large as a small pumpion,t but I 
 had the satisfaction to see the young rogue well 
 beaten and turned out of the room. 
 
 My master gave public notice that he would show 
 me again the next market-day ; and in the meantime 
 he prepared a more convenient vehicle for me, which 
 he had reason enough to do; for I was so tired with 
 
 rr re errr er ee 
 
 * Foolish tricks; a meaning in which the word is used by our 
 older writers. 
 
 + Mischievous: an obsolete meaning of the word. 
 
 {A pumpkin or gourd, a fruit allied to the melon and 
 cucumber, which sometimes grows to an enormous size, 
 weighing 60 or 70 lbs 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 139 
 
 my first journey, and with entertaining company 
 for eight hours together, that I could hardly stand 
 upon my legs, or speak a word. It was at least 
 three days before I recovered my strength; and 
 that I might have no rest at home all the neighbor- 
 ing gentlemen from an hundred miles around, hear- 
 ing of my fame, came to see me at my master’s own 
 house. There could not be fewer than thirty per- 
 sons, with their wives and children (for the country 
 was very populous); and my master demanded the 
 
 rate of a full room whenever he showed me at 
 home, although it were only to a single family : so 
 ‘that for some time I had but little ease every day of 
 the week (except Wednesday, which is their Sab- 
 _bath), although I were not carried to the town. 
 
 My master, finding how profitable I was like to 
 
 be, resolved to carry me to the most considerable 
 
 cities of the kingdom. Having therefore provided 
 
 ' 
 
 himself with ali things necessary for a long journey, 
 -and settled his affairs at home, he took leave of his 
 wife, and upon the 17th of August, 1703, about two 
 
 months after my arrival, we set out for the metrop- 
 olis, situated near the middle of that empire, and 
 
 ‘about three thousand miles distance from our house. 
 
 My master made his daughter Glumdalclitch ride 
 
 ‘behind him. She carried me on her lap, in a box 
 | tied about her waist. The girl had lined it on all 
 
140 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 sides with the softest cloth she could get, well 
 quilted underneath, furnished it with her baby’s 
 bed, provided me with linen and other necessaries, 
 and made everything as convenient as she could. 
 We had no other company but a boy of the house, 
 who rode after us with the luggage. 
 
 My master’s design was to show me in all the 
 towns by the way, and to step out of the road for 
 fifty or an hundred miles, to any village or person 
 of quality’s house, where he might expect custom. 
 We made easy journeys, of not above seven or eight 
 score miles a day: for Glumdalclitch, on purpose to 
 spare me, complained she was tired with the trot- 
 ting of the horse. She often took me out of my 
 box, at my own desire, to give me air, and show me 
 the country, but always held me-fast, by a leading 
 string. We passed over five or six rivers, many 
 degrees broader and deeper than the Nile or the 
 Ganges; and there was hardly a rivulet so small as 
 the Thames at London Bridge. We were ten weeks. 
 in our journey, and I was shown in eighteen large 
 towns, besides many villages and private families. 
 
 On the 26th of October we arrived at the metrop- 
 olis, called in their language Lorbrulgrud, or Pride 
 of the Universe. My master took a lodging in the 
 principal street of the city, not far from the royal 
 palace, and put out bills in the usual form, contain- 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 141 
 
 ing an exact description of my person and parts.* 
 He hired a large room between three and four 
 hundred fuot wide. He provided a table sixty foot 
 in diameter, upon which I was to act my part, and 
 pallisadoed it round three foot from the edge, and as 
 many high, to prevent my falling over. I was shown 
 ten times a day, to the wonder and satisfaction of 
 all people. I could now speak the language tolerably 
 well, and perfectly understood every word that was 
 ‘spoken to me. Besides, I had learned their alpha- 
 bet, and could make a shift to explain a sentence 
 here and there; for Glumdalclitch had been my in- 
 structor while we were at home, and at leisure 
 hours during our journey. She carried a little book 
 ‘in her pocket, not much larger than a Sanson’s 
 Atlas ;+ it was a common treatise for the use of 
 young girls, giving a short account of their religion ; 
 out of this she taught me my letters, and interpreted 
 ‘the words. 
 
 -* Accomplishments. 
 + A very large atlas formerly in use, by a French geographer. 
 
142 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Author is sent for to Court—The Queen buys him of his | 
 master, the Farmer, and presents him to the King— He , 
 disputes with his Majesty’s great Scholars—An Apartment 
 at Court provided for the Author—He is in high favor 
 with the Queen—He stands up for the honor of his own | 
 Country—He quarrels with the Queen’s Dwarf. 
 
 Tue frequent labors I underwent every day made 
 in a few weeks a very considerable change in my | 
 health ; the more my master got by me the more 
 insatiable he grew. I had quite lost my stomach, 
 and was almost reduced to a skeleton. The farmer 
 observed it, and, concluding that I soon must die, | 
 resolved to make as good a hand of me* as he could. 
 While he was thus reasoning and resolving with. 
 himself, a slardral, or gentleman-usher, came from 
 court, commanding my master to carry me immedi- 
 ately thither for the diversion of the queen and her. 
 ladies. Some of the latter had already been to see. 
 me, and reported strange things of my beauty, be- 
 havior, and good sense. Her majesty, and those 
 
 * Make as much money out of me. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 143 
 
 who attended her, were beyond measure delighted 
 with my demeanor. I fell on my knees, and begged 
 the honor of kissing her imperial foot; but this 
 gracious princess held out her little finger toward 
 me after I was set on a table, which I embraced in 
 both my arms, and put the tip of it with the utmost 
 respect to my lips. She made me some general 
 questions about my country and my travels, which 
 I answered as distinctly, and in. as few words as I 
 could. She asked, Whether I would be content to 
 live at court? I bowed down to the board of the 
 table, and humbly answered, That I was my mas- 
 ter’s slave; but if I were at my own disposal I 
 should be proud to devote my life to her majesty’s 
 service. She then asked my master, Whether he 
 ‘were willing to sell me at a good price? He, who 
 apprehended I could not live a month, was ready 
 enough to part with me, and demanded a thousand 
 ‘pieces of gold, which were ordered him on the spot, 
 each piece being about the bigness of eight hundred 
 moidores,* but, allowing for the proportion of all 
 things between that country and Europe, and the 
 high price of gold among them, was hardly so great 
 asum as a thousand guineas would be in England. 
 I then said to the queen, Since I was now her 
 
 * A moidore was equivalent to about £1 7s. 
 
144 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 
 
 majesty’s most humble creature and vassal, I must 
 beg the favor that Glumdalclitch, who had always 
 tended me with so much care and kindness, and 
 understood to do it so well, might be admitted into 
 her service, and continue to be my nurse and 
 instructor. 
 
 Her majesty agreed to my petition, and easily 
 got the farmer’s consent, who was glad enough to 
 have his daughter preferred at court, and the poor 
 girl herself was not able to hide her joy. My late 
 master withdrew, bidding me farewell, and saying 
 he had left me in a good service: to which I replied 
 not a word, only making him a slight bow. 
 
 The queen observed my coldness, and when the 
 farmer was gone out of the apartment, asked me 
 the reason. I made bold to tell her majesty that I 
 owed no other obligation to my late master than 
 his not dashing out the brains of a poor harmless 
 creature found by chance in his field; which obli- 
 gation was amply recompensed by the gain he had 
 made in showing me through half the kingdom, and: 
 the price he had now sold me for; that the life I 
 had since led was laborious enough to kill an animal 
 of ten times my strength; that my health was much: 
 impaired by the continual drudgery of entertaining 
 the rabble every hour of the day; and that if my 
 master had not thought my life in danger, her 
 
 — = 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 145 
 
 majesty would not have got so cheap a bargain. 
 But as I was out of all fear of being ill-treated, 
 under the protection of so great and good an 
 empress, the ornament of nature, the darling of the 
 world, the delight of her subjects, the phoenix of 
 the creation; so, 1 hoped my late master’s appre- 
 hensions would appear to be groundless; for I 
 already found my spirits to revive by the influence 
 of her most august presence. 
 
 This was the sum of my speech, delivered with 
 great improprieties and hesitation. The latter part 
 was altogether framed in the style peculiar to that 
 people, whereof I learned some phrases from Glum- 
 dalclitch while she was carrying me to court. 
 
 The queen, giving great allowance for my defec 
 tiveness in speaking, was, however, surprised at so 
 much wit and good sense in so diminutive an animal. 
 She took me in her own hands, and carried me to 
 ‘the king, who was then retired to his cabinet.* 
 _SIlis majesty, a prince of much gravity and austere 
 countenance, not well observing my shape at first 
 ‘view, asked the queen, after a cold manner, how 
 long it was since she grew fond of a splacnuck ? for 
 such, it seems, he took me to be, as I lay upon my 
 \breast in her majesty’s right hand. But this 
 
 —_—_—_ 
 
 “ A private room for writing in, ete. 
 
146 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 
 
 princess, who hath an infinite deal of wit and humor, 
 set me gently on my feet upon the scrutoire,* and 
 commanded me to give his majesty an account of 
 myself, which I did in a very few words; and 
 Glumdalclitch, who attended at the cabinet door, 
 and could not endure I should be out of her sight, 
 being admitted, confirmed all that had passed from 
 my arrival at her father’s house. 
 
 The king, although he be as learned a person as 
 any in his dominions, had been educated in the 
 study of philosophy, and particularly mathematics ; 
 yet, when he observed my shape exactly, and saw 
 me walk erect, before I began to speak, conceived I 
 might bea piece of clock-work (which is in that 
 country arrived to a very great perfection), con- 
 trived by some ingenious artist. But when he 
 heard my voice, and found what I delivered to be 
 regular and rational, he could not conceal his as- 
 tonishment. He was by no means satisfied with 
 the relation I gave him of the manner I came into 
 his kingdom, but thought it a story concerted be- 
 tween Glumdalclitch and her father, who had taught 
 me a set of words, to make me sell at a higher price. 
 Upon this imagination, he put several other ques- 
 tions to me, and still received rational answers, no 
 
 * A writing desk. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. (149 
 
 otherwise defective than by a foreign accent, and 
 an imperfect knowledge in the language, with some 
 rustic phrases which I had learned at the farmer’s 
 house, and did not suit the polite style of a court. 
 His majesty sent for three great scholars, who 
 
 _were then in their weekly waiting,* according to 
 
 the custom in that country. These gentlemen, after 
 
 they had awhile examined my shape with much 
 
 nicety, were of different opinions concerning me. 
 They all agreed that I could not be produced ac- 
 cording to the regular laws of nature, because I was 
 not framed with a capacity of preserving my life, 
 either by swiftness, or climbing of trees, or digging 
 holes in the earth. They observed by my teeth, 
 
 which they viewed with great exactness, that I was 
 
 ) 
 
 -acarnivorous animal; yet, most quadrupeds being 
 an overmatch for me, and field-mice, with some 
 others, too nimble, they could not imagine how I 
 
 should be able to support myself, unless I fed upon 
 snails and other insects, which they offered, by many 
 learned arguments, to evince that I could not 
 possibly do. One of these virtuosit seemed to think 
 that I might be an embryo, or abortive birth. But 
 this opinion was rejected by the other two, who 
 
 * Attendance on the king. 
 
 t Men skilled in curiosities, artistic works, ete. 
 
148 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 observed my limbs to be perfect and finished ; and 
 that [ had lived severa! years, as it was manifest 
 from my beard, ths stumps whereof they plainly 
 discovered through a magnifying glass. They would 
 not allow me to be a dwarf, because my littleness 
 _was beyond all degrees of comparison; for the 
 queen’s favurite dwarf, the smallest ever known in 
 that kingdom, was near thirty foot high. After 
 much debate, they concluded, unanimously, that [ 
 was only relplum scaleath, which is interpreted 
 literally dusus nature; * a determination exactly 
 agreeable to the modern philosophy of Europe, 
 whose professors, disdaining the old evasion of 
 occult causes, whereby the followers of Aristotle 
 endeavor in vain to disguise their ignorance, have 
 invented this wonderful solution of all difficulties, 
 to the unspeakable advancement of human knowl- 
 edge. 
 
 After this decisive conclusion, I entreated to be 
 heard a word or two. I applied myself to the king, 
 and assured his majesty that I came from a coun- 
 try which abounded with several millions of both 
 sexes, and of my own stature; where the animals, 
 trees, and houses were all in proportion, and where, 
 by consequence, I might be as able to defend mvself, 
 
 ‘2. __ 
 
 * A sport of nature; a natural euriosity. 
 
 —— Ee 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 149 
 
 and to find sustenance as any of his majesty’s sub- 
 jects could do here; which I took for a full answer 
 to those gentlemen’s arguments. To this they only 
 replied with a smile of contempt, saying that the 
 farmer had instructed me very well in my lesson. 
 The king, who had a much better understanding, 
 dismissing his learned men, sent for the farmer, 
 who, by good fortune, was not yet gone out of 
 town. Having, therefore, first examined him 
 privately, and then confronted him with me and 
 the young girl, his majesty began to think that 
 what we told him might possibly be true. He 
 desired the queen to order that a particular care 
 ‘should be taken of me; and was of opinion that 
 Glumdalclitch should still continue in her office of 
 tending me, because he observed we had a great 
 affection for each other. A convenient apartment 
 was provided for her at court: she had a sort of 
 governess appointed to take care of her education, 
 a maid to dress her, and two other servants for 
 ‘menial offices; but the care of me was wholly ap- 
 'propriated to herself. The queen commanded her 
 own cabinet-maker to contrive a box, that might 
 ‘serve me for a bedchamber, after the model that 
 Glumdalclitch and I should agree upon. This man 
 
 ‘Was a most ingenious artist, and according to my 
 directions, in three weeks, finished forme a wooden 
 
150 | GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 chamber, of sixteen foot square, and twelve high, 
 with sash-windows, a door, and two closets, like a 
 London bedchamber. The board that made the 
 ceiling was to be lifted up and down by two hinges, 
 to put in a bed, ready furnished by her majesty’s 
 upholsterer, which Glumdalclitch took out every 
 day to air, made it with her own hands, and letting 
 it down at night, locked up the roof over me. A 
 nice* workman, who was famous for little curios- 
 ities, undertook to make me two chairs, with backs 
 and frames, of a substance not unlike ivory, and | 
 two tables, with a cabinet to put my things in. 
 The room was quilted on all sides, as well as the 
 floor and the ceiling, to prevent any accident from 
 the carelessness of those who carried me, and to 
 break the force of a jolt when I went in a, coach. 
 I desired a lock for my door, to prevent rats and 
 mice from coming in. The smith, after several 
 attempts, made the smallest that ever was seen 
 among them, for I have known a larger at the gate | 
 of a gentleman’s house in England. I made a shift. 
 to keep the key in a pocket of my own, fearing 
 Glumdalclitch might lose it. The queen likewise 
 ordered the thinnest silks that could be gotten, to 
 make me clothes, not much thicker than an English | 
 
 * Skilled in fine or delicate woxk. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 151 
 
 blanket, very cumbersome till I was accustomed to 
 them. They were after the fashion of the kingdom, 
 partly resembling the Persian, and partly the 
 Chinese, and are a very grave and decent. habit. 
 The queen became so fond of my company, that 
 she could not dine without me. I had a table 
 placed upon the same at which her majesty eat, just 
 at her left elbow, and a chair to sit on. Glumdal- 
 clitch stood upon a stool on the floor near my table, 
 to assist and take care of me. I had an entire set 
 of silver dishes and plates, and other necessaries, 
 which, in proportion to those of the queen, were not 
 much bigger than what I have seen of the same 
 kind in a London toy-shop, for the furniture of a 
 _baby-house; these my little nurse kept in her pocket 
 ‘in a silver box, and gave me at meals as I wanted 
 them, always cleaning them herself. No person 
 dined with the queen but the two princesses royal, 
 
 the elder sixteen years old, and the younger at that 
 time thirteen and a month. Her majesty used to 
 put a bit of meat upon one of my dishes, out of 
 which I carved for myself, and her diversion was to 
 ‘see me eat in minature; for the queen (who had, 
 
 indeed, but a weak stomach) took up, at one mouth- 
 ‘ful, as much as a dozen English farmers could eat 
 | at a meal; which to me was, for some time, a very 
 ‘Qauseous sight. She would craunch the wing of a 
 
152 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 lark, bones and all, between her teeth, although it 
 were nine times as large as that of a full-grown | 
 turkey; and put a bit of bread in her mouth as big 
 as two twelve-penny loaves. She drank out of a 
 golden cup, above a hogshead at a draught. Her 
 knives were twice as large as a scythe, set straight 
 upon the handle. The spoons, forks, and other in- 
 struments, were all in the same proportion. I 
 remember when Glumdalclitch carried me, out of 
 curiosity, to see some of the tables at court, where 
 ten or a dozen of those enormous knives and 
 forks were lifted up together, I thought I had never 
 till then beheld so terrible a sight. 
 
 It is the custom, that every Wednesday (which, 
 as Ihave before observed, was their Sabbath) the - 
 king and queen, with the royal issue of both sexes, 
 dine together in the apartment of his majesty, to 
 whom I was now become a great favorite; and at 
 these times my little chair and table were placed at 
 his left hand, before one of the salt-cellars. This 
 prince took a pleasure in conversing with me, in-- 
 quiring into the manners, religion, laws, govern — 
 ment, and learning of Europe; wherein I gave him. 
 the best account I was able. His apprehension was | 
 so clear, and his judgment so exact, that he made. 
 very wise reflections and observations upon all I 
 said. But, I confess, that, after I had been a little 
 
 es 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 153 
 
 J 
 
 too copious in talking of my own beloved country, 
 of our trade, and wars by sea and land, of our 
 schisms in religion, and parties in the state, the prej- 
 udices of his education prevailed so far that he 
 could not forbear taking me up in his right hand, 
 and, stroking me gently with the other, after a 
 hearty fit of laughing, asked me, Whether I were a 
 Whig or Tory? Then turning to his first minister, 
 who waited behind him with a white staff, near as 
 tall as the mainmast of the Royal Sovereign, he 
 observed, How contemptible a thing was human 
 grandeur, which could be mimicked by such dimin- 
 _utive insects as I; and yet, said he, I dare engage 
 these creatures have their titles and distinctions of 
 honor; they contrive little nests and burrows, that 
 'they call houses and cities; they make a figure in 
 dress and equipage; they love, they fight, they dis- 
 | pute, they cheat, they betray! And thus he con- 
 tinued on, while my color came and went several 
 times, with indignation, to hear our noble country, 
 the mistress of arts and arms, the scourge of France, 
 the arbitress of Europe, the seat of virtue, piety, 
 honor, and truth, the pride and envy of the world, 
 ‘So contemptuously treated. 
 But as I was not in a condition to resent injuries, 
 so upon mature thoughts I began to doubt whether 
 { was injured or no. For, after having been accus- 
 
| 
 
 154 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 tomed several months to the sight and converse of — 
 this people, and observed every object upon which I 
 
 ‘ 
 
 cast mine eyes to be of proportionable magnitude, ) 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 the horror I had first conceived from their bulk and 
 aspect was so far worn off, that, if I had then beheld 
 a company of English lords and ladies in their finery — 
 and birthday clothes, acting their several parts in the 
 most courtly manner of strutting, and bowing, and 
 
 prating; to say the truth, I should have been strongly | 
 
 tempted to laugh as much at them as the king and— 
 his grandees did at me. Neither, indeed, could [I 
 forbear smiling at myself, when the queen used to- 
 
 place me upon her hand toward a looking-glass, by _ 
 which both our persons appeared before me in full | 
 view together; and there could be nothing more | 
 
 ridiculous than the comparison; -so that I really 
 
 began to imagine myself dwindled many degrees 
 
 below my usual size. 
 
 Nothing angered and mortified me so much as_ 
 the queen’s dwarf; who being of the lowest stature 
 that was ever in that country (for I verily think he 
 was not full thirty foot high), became so insolent at 
 
 seeing a creature so much beneath him, that he 
 
 _ would always affect to swagger and look big as he 
 passed by me in the queen’s antechamber, while 1 
 was standing on some table, talking with the lords or _ 
 ladies of the court, and he seldom failed of a smart 
 
 saan 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 1590 
 
 word or two upon my Jitéleness ; against which I 
 could only revenge myself by calling him brother, 
 challenging him to wrestle, and such repartees as 
 are usual in the mouths of court pages. One day, 
 at dinner, this malicious little cub was so nettled 
 with something I had said to him, that, raising him- 
 self upon the frame of her majesty’s chair, he took 
 me up by the middle, as I was sitting down, not 
 thinking any harm, and let me drop into a large 
 silver bowl of cream, and then ran away as fast as 
 she could. I fell over head and ears, and, if I had 
 not been a good swimmer, it might have gone very 
 hard with me; for Glumdalclitch in that instant 
 happened to be at the other end of the room, and 
 the queen was in such a fright that she wanted 
 presence of mind to assist me. But my little nurse 
 ran to my relief, and took me out, after I had 
 swallowed above a quart of cream. I was put to 
 bed: however, I received no other damage than the 
 loss of a suit of clothes, which was utterly spoiled. 
 The dwarf was soundly whipped, and, as a further 
 punishment, forced to drink up the bowl of cream 
 into which he had thrown me; neither was he ever 
 restored to favor; for soon after the queen bestowed 
 him on a lady of high quality; so that I saw him no 
 More, to my very great satisfaction; for I could not 
 
156 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. | 
 
 tell to what extremity such a malicious urchin mig 
 
 have carried his resentment. 
 He had before served me a scurvy trick, whic 
 
 ——— 
 
 pases 
 
 CHE 
 
 baggie ENE 
 
 teen 
 
 oh 
 
 ae 
 S, By 
 
 R 
 i} 
 
 “4 oT) 
 
 th 
 fl 
 
 ty 
 
 + 5 : 
 i) 
 
 th 
 
 z 
 Hf 
 
 He had before served me a scurvy trick. 
 
 set the queen a-laughing, although at the same tir 
 she was heartily vexed, and would have immediate 
 cashiered him if I had not been so generous as 
 intercede. Her majesty had taken a marrow-b 
 upon her plate, and, after knocking out the marr 
 placed the bone again in the dish erect, as it sto 
 
34} JQ ‘plod [[VUIs ve ue}J0S8 pey [ : ponSyey youw 
 MOAT PUL YOR [O]Vpuinys) ‘episves oy} Jo sopIm Ysi{ 
 Buy uooyysro uryiim A410 B ‘oluseyULpy avou yZeY 
 xy oovjed wv ye sfep moj ev ssed 0} sodoad yysnoy4 
 Suiy 04} ‘puo s,Aouanof ino 0} oulvo oM U9T AA 
 ‘QAOOIS B YSNOIY} PAVMAOT 
 oue PIVMAOVQ MOIP 7Vy} pxvog & YALA oinsvetd 4x 
 mys J epoy yorys $4doejs 7 sv ‘10y}ve.M JOY Ul 4Ie ow 
 AID 0} ‘orenbs yooy & fo oO B yNO 4nd 04 AouIOol e3 
 pelepio [ ‘Yoouuey oy} Jo o[pprw oy} 20ea0 ATJOeIIp 
 jou “yesoro AU JO Joo 04} UG ‘peo oy} Uodn o1EM 
 IM OIIGM Yoouruey Au ut desis ueyjo pjnom puv 
 ‘perisop soulljoulos [ sv ‘yorqosioy UO WIG e10jJaq 
 gu pellivo yuBAes B usym szol ey} HReIq 0} ‘doz 
 34} 38 S19U100 Inoj oy} woz ‘sodor usHTIS Aq ‘pexy 
 3q 0} HOOMMILY B polopio prey J puy  ‘epls yoo} 
 JA[OM} JO JoSO]O yUOTUeAUOD AJOA B SBM “paqliosep 
 Apeoiye oavy JT se ‘Yorum ‘xoq-Suljoavsy A Ul 
 Tensn sv ‘poled sea J “WOp.sculy oy} Jo 4svoo YNOS 
 34} 0} ssoisoid @ ut usonb puv surly ey} pepuezze J 
 pus YoUUpoyepuinyx) pA} oy} Jo Sutuutdeq oq} ynoqe 
 pue { Arjyunoo 94} ul sivoA OM} VEG AOU pBy J 
 ‘eyefor AT[NFYIWeZ [[BYS J YOrYA Jo 
 soouR|suINoIIO pue A10}S ejoyM ey} { uouTUIOD ATeA 
 jou Jouuvu © ul pue ‘poyoodxe J uey} JoMOOS oUTeO 
 pouvseatjop Am yng ‘Addnd Sunod v Jo Sosy B ORT] 
 TJeop 0} pol, Sutoq jo Ivey yNoY}IA spjog pus sj00139 
 
 STHAVUL §.aHATTTLD Sls 
 
dq4 yhoqe yea pues ‘sulie} ues uodn osi9Au0d 
 p(noo J Woy yyIM sTdood suoule oq 07 pojuVAr J 
 ‘OU puTyog 4JoT pey J soopoyd osowmop osoy} 4os10F 
 JOAOU pTNood JT “pury ueurny jo Aylustp eyy ourvoeq jII 
 SB jooy @ yous uodn seam 4t ynq {44n00 BfoyM ey} Jo 
 JYUSI[op oy} pur ‘usonb pur SuLy yvols B Jo oqTIOAVT 
 ey} SVM TJ {SSOUpULY YONUL YIIM poyvod} poopul sea 
 J ‘phacMiqioy 07 Jorquing & UL yYSnOIG ‘s1eSuOssed. 
 pues Moro s}I [[@ YL ‘pue ‘otoyse ueye} oq plnoys 
 qt porvedde soqjour ow Aue 4v JI 4eY4 SIepso 401148 
 UOAIS py SUIY ey} pue 4seoo yey} Jo 4YSIS UTYITM 
 UOATIP OG 0} UMOUY 1A 4SIY OY} SVM poTres T YOrpA 
 ur diys oy, “surpessons jo odoy ysvey oy} qT 
 qoofoad Luv wojf 07 10 ‘suveut yey Lq oanqooluoo 04 
 eqqissodur sem qr yonoyy ‘Aq10qi1T AuL JeAooed OUNTy 
 eulos plnoys J 7eq} os—ndul suosys ve sMeMye GVH JT 
 *purlsuq 
 0} SUIN}el 9F—poqe]or Ajzepnoyaed Area AQUNOQ 043 
 SOAVOT OY YOIYM Ul JOUUBUL oY ,—UmoeYy} spuez}¥ J0yINYy 
 eYL—Ss1ol}UoIy oY} 0} ssorsoid vB oyvM UseNny pue Sury oy, 
 
 TIA YALdVHO 
 
 TT@ STHAVUL S:<TAAITTAD 
 
‘£Inp 480401148 oy} ul doy ooUTS JeAS 190q 
 yyVyY “JUOSUOD UOWIULOD YALA poT}Jos UST} “BIYI[IUL oy 
 pur ‘uorpsoduioo Teroues v fq “eyyeypuris seoutd 
 sty Aq 0} puo uv qnd Ajtiddvy sem jJooleyM 4S¥] 
 04} {SIVM ]IATIO POUOIsKvO00 DIOUL 10 DOUO OAT PUL 
 
 ‘sorzaed 9014} 94} JO Yovo Aq poJe[OLA SOUIT}OUIOS T90q 
 SAvy ‘WOpSury yey} Jo sme, oy} Aq posoduro} ATiddey 
 ‘JOAOMOY ‘YOY [[Y “UOLUTULOp oyNToOsqe OJ SUTY OY} 
 pue ‘Ajreqit 10F efdoed oy} ‘aamod a0f Surpue}u0. 
 ueqo AqyIqou oy} $yoolqns ore syUSTIUIEAOS I90T}0 
 AUCUT FOL A 0} OSBOSIP OUIVS OY} YILM poTqnor} useq 
 eavy Aoyy ‘sose AUBUL JO OSINOD OY UI “TOF ‘ SoLLOySIY 
 meu) Surpeor puv ‘uoresioauoo Aq Yoq “peulsoyut 
 U00Ss SYM J Ing ‘ouTdiosip AaezIUE Jo sored 
 ey} ejdoed sty yoo, 03 10 ‘setulae JO YUTY} 0} OUTBO 
 ‘{qqunoo tayo AUB TOIT SSeD0v OU ST OLY} SUOCTUTMIOP 
 esoya 07 ‘soutad sty} MOY MOU 0} SNOLIND SBM T 
 “£¥S oY} JO 1oy1eNb 
 fiA0 WIT OUT] OUTeS OY} 4 SUTJTEp 919M SUTUYSTT 
 JO SouSeyy pURSNOY) Wo} JI Se PeXOOT FI j SuIYsTUOysE 
 os puv ‘Surstadans os ‘puvis os Zurgjou einsy uxo 
 
 ‘STHAVAL SsAAAITTAO 01% 
 
UONVUISVUL] “ITY OY} UI Woy} Ystpuvaq pur ‘vouo 38 
 SPIOAS Joy] MBIp ‘puBUIUIOD Jo pIOM B UOdN ‘asI0q 
 jo Apoq eTOYA\ SIy1 USVS BAVY T “YSIY Joo} Ajoutu 
 jnoqe oq ISU ‘psejs VSI B UO poJUNOUL ‘AT[VAvO W 
 ‘dn yoo, Aoy. punois Jo vovds oy} Sutseptsuod ‘aq 
 -UINU J10q oyndurod 07 oUt OJ sTqissoduIL sea 4I NG 
 /O9S1OY pUBSNOY} XIS pUv JOO] puBsnoYy vay-AQUaAY 
 eAOge OU T][v UI elem Aoyy, ‘ouenbs sopiur AyUueM4 Jo 
 ‘AJI0 OYJ ATVOU POY Vols B UI OSTOJOX 0} JNO UABIp 
 phis[niqioyT JO BIZI[IM OY} UCOS MOYO oAvy JT 
 é OT[eq = 
 Aq ‘some A Jo JouueM oy) JoqJe Suesoyo ‘Az1I0 UMO © 
 stq ul uew Tediourid oy} Jo yey} Aepun uezIy10 Argao | 
 pue “plo[pue, UAO Sly Jo puRUIUIOD ey} Jopun st 
 JouULIV} AIOAS OLBYA\ “OSTAAAGYIO 9q YI PfNoYs MOY OF : 
 ‘JOU YBa OU MVS J Uleleya ‘ouTTdIosIp poos AIA | 
 Jepun pUe ‘seslo1exe IIey} Ul Ysnoue yooyz10d pooput 
 oie AST, ‘pavmor so vd ynoygim ‘AzjueS pur | 
 Aqiqiqou ey} ATUO viv siepuvuIWOD esoy.an ‘AaquNOO | 
 oy} Ul SIeMIV] pure ‘Ser]ID [BIOAOS OY} UI UOMISepesy 
 jo dn epeut st yorqa ‘Aude ue peyyeo eq Au yey) | 
 JI tesioy puvsnoy} oa4-A4J1y} puB OO] puesnoT) | 
 x1s-AqU@A9s puB perpuNy uv Jo s}stsuoco Aue 8,3Ury 
 ey} 384} 4svoq Ady} ‘sureye ArezI[IM seq} 0} SY 
 ‘ejdoed 4%q} Suoure ore Loy) se sn Zuowe | 
 pepunois [lt se uMoys oq 4yStur spfearenb esoy3 
 ‘Aainbut 4013s B uodn “sactjeq | puy “eanqeu WALA | 
 
 606 STHA VAL SAGAITIAD 
 
‘POAOSTIEY} SUBISeUTUIpgolg e144 
 e1v ‘polcq meme’ oq JBN 71 ,,‘UWOUI JO e081 PO[PULMP,, SUL» 
 ested oA sjorzenb oy} wou ‘Surutder pue yueqzuoOsIp 
 jO 1o}JeU B Joye pospul Jo ‘AjI]BIOUL UO 801Nz00| 
 Suimvip jo ‘peorids sem yuojez siy3 AT[esseatun 
 MOY Suryooper proae you prnoo 7 yaed umo Aw 10g 
 ‘gzode1 0} o10q sseTpoou ynq ‘aft, Jo yonpuoo 9y} 
 Ur [nyosn ‘suonvordde jeroul [e1eAes MOIp JOYYNeE 
 94} Sutuosved Jo Ava SIY} WOT "YOO o]} 41] B Ur 
 peuaoip dJuieq jo 10 ‘Koq % Jo puey oy} WOIy 4SvO 
 euojs B 10 ‘asnoy B WoIJ Survey opt} B jo ‘4yueprooe 
 9]371] AI9A WOT UOTIONAYSEpP 0} V[qeI] OS YoU * ysNqor 
 pus 9sIB] o1OTI ozIS B Jo “GuTUUISeq oy} Ul ‘epeul 
 me0eq oAey plnoys ea. poumboa Ayoynjosqe 9injeu 
 Jo smey Aro 04} 48q},, ‘ponsie off ,SAvp ano 
 UW , UCU JO 9081 PO[PUIAp ‘UOUIUIOD OY} SUIPEdOXe 
 rey ‘wiopSury ey} Jo sjied [ezoaes ut dn Snp AT[enseo 
 ‘$[[nxs pus souog esny Aq pollaguod Heeq qyeY 4H 
 os ‘uorytpesy pue Aroysty Aq poysosse st 41 se “Gorqa 
 {saSe Joulloy Ul syUvIS us0q GARY 4SNUI e104} VU} 
 ose yng ‘“1asie] Yonu AT[VULSLIO o10M Ue Jo satoeds 
 ou} 4eq} A[UO jou ‘yUIY} 0} sTqeuosvor AJOA SBM 
 91,, ples of] ,, SOUT? JUOIOUN UI esoy} Jo UosTIed 
 -Woo Ul ‘syqdIq 9ATAOqe [[etus ATUO eonpoid mou 
 | P[noo pur ‘pjiom oy} Jo sose Sururpoop 1044¥] esoyy Ur 
 _ peyeuoueSop sea ounjzeu zey4,, ‘peppeey ,,"Aaysnput 
 \W quamoy ve Aq 4yStser0j ut paryy ve Aq ‘peods ut 
 
 STHA VAL § YTAITTAY B0t 
 
reqjoue Aq ‘Y}Sueays ut aanyvoeto ouo fq poTTeoxd sv 
 ey Youu Moy ‘sysvoq pliM Jo Anz oy4 a0 “Are oy} 
 JO SefoUsWe[OUL Wody JOsuITY pUsyep 04 e[quun AoY 
 ‘ O1N}VU UAO STY UI UBUT seM [eUNIUe Uv sso[djey pus 
 ‘e[qudmejzuo0o ‘oarynurMIp Mor,, ‘OULMOYS ‘S]SITeA1OUL 
 uvedoing jo sordoy yensn oy} qre Yonoiyy qweM 
 Toya styq, “yoolqns v yons uodn Avs prnoo Aayunod 
 VG} JO 1OY{Ne Ue YeYA 90S 0} SnoLIMD sem J “IOAd 
 “MOF ‘deoTNA oy} pue uswoM O44 Suomv ydeoxe 
 ‘M1904S9 9]}}I[ UL SI pue “pury uvuiny JO ssouyvom 
 oy} JO s}ved} Yoog ey], ‘uoroasp pue Ay1;er0UN) 
 JO SdUI}IIM Ul yeep oA ‘UeUIOMETUOS AyIOpyO » 
 OACLS ¥B ‘SSOTIOAOS JOy 04 pesuojeq pue “equieyo 
 “Ped SyoUpoyepmnpy ur ey seme yor Sstyeor4 | 
 PIO S(T @ YIM poyioatp Yyonu sem T 4soq oy} 
 Ssuowy ‘AjTe10w pure ALOIS UI esoyy ATLeroedse | 
 ‘syooq ey Jo Auewm posnaed oAvy [ ‘suorssoad 
 “x9 SnolvA suIsn 10 ‘sprom Xaessooouun sutd{d | 
 THAW Wey} oom SuITJOU ploae Loy} 10F : pLLOY, you 
 jnq “Yyoous puv ‘ournoseur ‘Ivepo st ofA4s aLOqT, 
 ‘OUOT 
 j00j AyuoM4 Io U9044S10 evoqe you SOT[OJ 4SO.S1¥] O44 
 Or pure “pavoqoysed se ys pue xorg} se seas 41 LO 
 ‘spuvy AW YW0q WIM op ATISve p[Noo JT Yyoryas ‘Feoy 
 ey} JoA0 pouin} os puv “KouURU cures 04} UT oSed | 
 104}0 oY} Uvdeq pur ‘uleSe poyunoU I Worm 10qyze 
 + 110}10q OY} 0 OURO J TIT Al[enpeas Sutpusosop ueqy 
 
 208 STHAVaEL S:\YHAITTIND 
 
‘porjjes Apvorre saseg ‘ayiqns !poyiM-davyg , 
 
 puv ‘soAd SUIT JO JOART OY} MOTOG TAIT] B Ueq}09 
 pry JT [[4 ‘souly oy} Jo YASUE] oY} 07 Surpiooo% sooed 
 9} IC JUS yNogGe Jo] puUv JUST 9Y} 0} SULYTBA Os 
 puev ‘esed oy} Jo doy oy} ye Weseaq SYoog 94} pxvMo} 
 govy AU Sutuainy pur ‘1sppry oy} Jo doqs azeddn oy} 01 
 poyUNoU Jsay T 2 [TVA oy} ysurTevse Suruvoy, dn ynd sea 
 peel 0} pulm & pey JT Yoo sy], ‘swoquieyo 9yy Jo 
 []VAi OI} WOuT OOULYSIP JOO] 10q yv pooryd pus ysoMOT 
 ey} ‘surejs Jo avd o[qvAOoUL B PoopUT SVM YI : SUOCT 
 gooy AyJy yoro orem sdoqs oy} ‘Ssoppr[ Sutpurys vB 
 ONT] poursoj ‘YSTY Yooy oAy-AQuOAMy ‘OUTYORUL UEpooOM 
 jo pury & ‘smlOOd S.qOyTTOTepuINTy JO oUO UT “pPoArtqy 
 woo pey azoutof susenb eyy, ‘posvotd T syooq yer 
 ‘MOIIOG 03 AJIOQIT pry J sousyA “SuUOT 4OOJ perp 
 -uny 9ATeA\} Jo Aro]TVs vB UL poovyd ‘somnjoA puesnoyy 
 B 9AOGe 09 JUNOT’ JOU Op “4se0.51q oY pouoyood 
 ‘SI OIA ‘s.Suty ey} Jo yey} aoy foorry AeA you 
 ‘O18 SOLIVIGI] ley} ynq : purlur Jo 4yno SUIT} ‘eseUIyO 
 OY} sv [joa se “Suryurad jo yae oy} pey oavy Aoyy, 
 ‘JOY II UI [Lys Areurpzoesjxe AUB JO 4svoq 04 
 uosver o[j7IT eavy Aoy} 4Vyy oj OS ole 4syUepodoad 
 I9Y} ‘s[eUIWIIIO YsUIvSe sSuIpodd01d JO ‘sesn¥o [LATO 
 JO UOIsIoep 94} 0} Sy ‘oultsO [eyIdvo B st MV] AuL 
 uodn quowmoo v ofA 07 puv : UOT} eJoId10}UT oO 
 GA0QE IOAOOSIP 0} YSnove ,y[vIdno19U Jou ov e[dood 
 
 STHA VAL S:aHAITTAD 90% 
 
 <— 
 
soy} Urlesoya\ ‘suo, odmis pue ureld qsom oy}! 
 Ul possoidxe viv Ao, “YIOUST 4q} 0} UeAD pez 
 -xo Wey} JO Moy ‘posput ‘yng °oM4-4700444 Jo ATU 
 SJSISUOD YOIYA “qoqeyd[e aleyy Ut S19}}eT JO Jequinu: 
 04} SploM UI peooxe ysnui A1JUNOD 4Byy JO MET ONT 
 ‘spvoy IIoq} OJUT uoT}do90U00 YsS¥aT 94} BAIIP JoAOCT 
 pnoo J ‘s[eyuepuseosavsy pur ‘suorjoetysqe ‘senrus! 
 ‘SBepl 0} SB ‘puy ‘“poeulee4se 9]9}}IT 9q p[NOA 41 ‘su 
 Suowre 4vyj os { sq1e TRorUByooML [Te pue eanqfnose 
 Jo quomeAoidur 94} 04 ‘ojr] UT [nJosn oq AvuI erAL’ 
 0} pordde Ajjoya st eseyy Jo 4se] 044 yng ‘Jo0xe) 
 0} pemore oq ysnm oy} uUletoyA ‘soryeurey}eur| 
 pus ‘Aajyood ‘roysty ‘4171001 ut ATUO Surystsuoo’ 
 -@ATjOojop AJOA st o[dooed sty} Jo Surureey oyy, 
 "10939304 
 yad suvtoryjod Jo oovr efoya oy} ueqy ‘Aayunoo stg 
 0} SOIAIOS [BIJUESSO IOU Op puB ‘pulyUeUI Jo 190440q' 
 eAJOSep P[NOA ‘e1ojeq Mois ouo ATUO o1OyM punoi3| 
 jo yods & uodn moaS 0} ‘ssed3 Jo sapeiq 0M} 0) 
 ‘UIOD JO SIV9 OA} OYVU PTNOd JeasoyA 4vy} ‘uoruIdo: 
 sq JO} JI caves oy Spuy ‘“SuLIepisu0o yJOA 4OU) 
 ere YoIyA sotdo} snoraqgo szeyqio eulos yATA {sosnva| 
 [BUlaIo pus [LAID Jo uoleurMIa}ep Apeeds oy} 03. 
 ‘quay pue consnf 0 ‘uosvoa puv osues UOUIUIOO 09 | 
 ‘spunog AOddeU AOA UIYIIA Sur19A08 Jo oSpeyMouy, 
 0} peuyuoo oFy “esvo oY} Ul JOU eI0A\ “UOT}BU [BALL 
 
 I 
 } 
 
 906 STHAVAL S\UHATTIAVN 
 
yu1os 10 ‘Auleue ue ele ‘84248 JO s}Jo1oes AQ UROL 
 (vq [[9} JOU pynoo oFF “a04STUTUL B Jo eoUTd B UT 
 layze ‘onS1azur pur “yueweuyed ‘A104sAur [[e estdsap 
 UB o}eUTUIOGe 0} Y}0q possojord OFT ‘SduTpurys 
 yepun ano jo uorutdo urew Asa B (UotyUozUT AU 04 
 {xeayuoo ATOeIIp) WIY caved 41 “QUOUIUIEAOS Jo JAe 
 9m} uodn uo0z411M Sn SuouIY syood pursnoyy [e1eAes 
 jgem oroyy ‘Aes 0} pouoddey J ueym “Bury on} 
 qjim Aep ouO OSdnodsIp B Ul ‘[[ea AeA Joquieuled 
 [ ‘oq ‘ouop oavy odoung Jo s}tM oyNoR O1OUL Of} 
 su ‘eousIos & OJUT SoI}[od poonped oWoyY Suravy 
 jou Koy} ‘oouRIOUSI IIeYy} Woy UOStL GAvY OF WET} 
 Suoure yoojep sity} oF} [ JNq : Lepved YsI[oug ue jo 
 uorurdo oy} Ul pouesso] Yon A194 oq “JUNODDB SITY} UO 
 ‘qrm ‘o[qisues ure | ‘rojoereYo esoy A ‘Suly YUE ][9oxe 
 qvyy Jo sonqitA AUvU 0} WoIZ yORIJOp 0} UOT}UOFZU! 
 4sBo| OY} YALA sq} Avs [ Op JoyON , etdoed sty jo 
 geuNnjIO] ay} pue ‘solj1eqi[ ey} ‘SeAT]T OY} JO 1o}SBUL 
 eynjosqe WIy IpeU oAvY p[NOM yey} Sspuey Sit] oUt 
 gud Ayunqszoddo uv dis yo] ‘aoydeouoo ou oavy wed 
 em odoing ut yooroya ‘opdnsos Aavssooouun “Solu 
 B worl ‘pmnoys ‘syoofqus sty Aq potope ysowye pues 
 GuowUIeAOS JOJ suse} e[qedltpe YM poenpue 
 ‘Zuruave, punojoid puv ‘wopstm yeosd ‘syred Ju01}8 
 jo $uioojso pu ‘ero, “UOT}VIoUeA seanooid yorm a 
 Ayyenb A1aao Jo possossod eoutsd B yeq} j SMeLs 
 Mogs pur sefdrourid mouteu Jo yooge esuviys VY 
 
 STHAVUL F.AHAITTAY P06 
 
‘o10U AUB UOTUIU 0} J0AOT 
 
 ‘ayt] AU ponytea J sv ‘om pepuewutoo ey yor 
 ‘ Jo1008 @ yons 0} Latid oq uey} WopSury sty Jey aso] 
 Toyyed plnos oy 4od “o1N7vU UT IO 4Ue. UT SO}19.4 0081p 
 MOU SB YONUI OS UY poxysrfop ssuryy soy ysnoyy 
 Te 7844 “poysoqoud oy Jjosuy sz0y sy ‘LOATIYUO9 
 WAY 9Y} Udeq eavy ysnui ‘puryuvu 07 AuMOUA ‘snruog 
 [IAe otmos “pres oy Jooroya. : souTqoRUt eayjonaysep 
 esoy} JO Sjooyo UoULMOD oY} sv ‘poyured pey J yor 
 UOI}B[OSep puke pooTq Jo saueos 94} Tre 4e peaoutum 
 Ayjoya avodde 03 se souuem v IVILULeS OS UI pue 
 ‘Svopl UUINYUL Yons urejs0qUe p[noo (suorssoadxo 
 SI] 10M OSoq}) T Sv oosuI ue SulfoaosS pu quoyod 
 “WY OS MOY POZE SVM OFT ‘opeUL pey Tesodoad 
 OY} PUL ‘seUTSUS a]qI110} esoy, Jo ueATS pey ] uo 
 -ditosop 0} 4e domoy YALA YONIIS SVM SUIY OUT, 
 ‘uor}00}0ad pue 1oAvy [eAou sty Jo pealoood pey [ 
 VY} SYLVUL AUBUL OS Jo WANJor UT ‘{USULS pep MouyoR JO 
 Omit} T[VUs Bw sv “AysofvuL sty 01 poreyo ATquinqy, 
 T SMLL ‘“Spuvuiutoo oynjosqr sty oqndstp 03 pueyoad. 
 PIMOYSs FT Joao Jt ‘stjodoreu ejoya oy} Aonsep 10 
 ‘SINOY MOJ ¥ UL suOTUTMOp SIY Ul UMO™J JSasU0I9S ou 
 JO S[[@M OY} UMOp 104}3eq prnom ‘sTTeq pue Jepmod 
 jo Ayyuenb ascdoad oy} WIM pesaeyo ‘seqny yoryay 
 jo Aja14} 10 KyuoMy § Suo] }OOF poipuny ue eroge 
 oq 10U peou 4sesuv] oy} pue ‘WLOpcuLy s Aqsofeur 
 SI Ul SSUIYY s04}0 Te 03 e[qeuory10doud ozIs 
 
 60% STHAVEL S.LHATTTAD H 
 
 fi 
 
 i 
 
® Jo ‘seqn} 9s0y} OYVUI OJ MOY UOWYIOM STq 4OodIp 
 
 plnoo puv ‘utey} Sutpunoduioo jo zouUvUr 94} pooys 
 lepun J ‘uommoo pue deoyo orem Yoru [Tom ATOA 
 SJUOIPOISUL OY} MOU] IY], ‘“Avou ouIvd OYA\ TV Jo 
 sulviq 94} Jno Sutysep ‘opts AreAS UO sToquTTds MorTy 
 pue ysing ‘seoord 0} sosnoy oy} 1v04 ‘syuemteard oy} 
 dn dit pjnom yorya ScuLdoisoq o10M OM AIO OUIOS 
 O}UI OULSUS Ue Aq MOY} poouvyostp pu ‘UOAT Jo STTRq 
 “MOTION VocIvyT OFT JopMod styz ynd usqyo om 4Reyy, 
 M9} B1OJoq oysVA [Te Av] pur ‘oTpprut oy UT seTpog 
 JO spoipuny oplArp “SUISSIA puv s}svu Ysnoryy yno 
 “pinom ‘ureyo B Aq soyje50} pou, ueTA ‘puv ‘ves 
 84} JO U10}}0q oY} 07 ‘Yove UI MET pURSNOYy B YA 
 “‘sdrys UMop yUIS ‘punods 97} 03 STTVA\ 4Se.5UOI}s OT} 
 doqyeq ynq ‘souo ye Autre ue Jo syuva efor Aorysap 
 ATWO jou plnoa. ‘peSavyosip snyy ‘syTeq ysesuel oy} 
 Jey, 90d0J SII UIe{Sns 07 BIG SBA SuTYjoU se poods 
 pUB SOUSTOIA YONS YALA\ pve] 1O UOAT Jo [[eq B OATIP 
 | pmo ‘ssousiq $jI 07 SuIpsooOe “UOJ IO ssBIq JO 9qny 
 MOTION ue oyur powurvs “tapaod styy jo AyWUeNb 
 dedoid ve yeyy, ‘aopunyy uvy} 193v010 TOTyRILSe pues 
 estou & YIM ‘19440509 are oy} ut dn AP [Te yLoyVUl pue 
 “fareyUNOUL ¥ SB. SIG Sv O1OM YI YSnoYy[e “YUSTIOUL & UT 
 Q]OYM 9Y} S[pULY plnoa Suryyey ory Jo yaeds ysoypeus 
 0y} Gory Jo dvoy uv ojut ‘xopaod ureyse0 & OYVUT 04 
 ose saeoX porpuny ino} puv so1q} u9eeMJoq potesood 
 “SIp ‘UOTJUSAUI Ue JO WITY plo} [ ‘AOAvz 8.Aysolvur sty 
 
 STHAVUL S:THAITTOD 0G 
 
"078 ‘ollojeyt ‘4103814 UVUIO{ UO 9jJOIM OUM ‘O'a £1N4U00 
 Il OY} JO UBIIO}SIY Yoolp wv ‘snssvuIVol[VP] JO sniskuolq » 
 
 OJUI JoyyANJ JjosAuL oyeryRIsut 07 sedoy uy ‘Jer[eq 
 ure}qo ATparvy [IIA ey} OSessed v 4LesUT oL0Y T[eYS J 
 ‘doIyvonps peuyuoo ¥ JO S}ooye 9]qQvAOSIUL OY} MOUS 
 0} JoyyAny pue ‘pres Mou eAY J YVYA\ UlIYUOO OF, 
 "pUINUVUL T[v JOJ pavpurys v se pereTO 
 eq 0} G10M OOIA PUB ONWIA JO suotjou sould @ 
 ejOWel OS JI ‘pesput ‘pavy oq plnom 41 pue { peqydure) 
 -xo AT[OYM ore ‘odouny Jo sorajunoo s0qtjod ayy 
 pue ‘em YoIyM Woy “SuIyUIyY JO ssoUMOLIEU Urez 
 400 8 pus ‘ssorpnfoid Aueur sonpoid J9A9 [IM OSpe 
 ‘JALouy Ory Jo quvA 049 f sUOT]eU JeyjO UT [reAold 
 SOUL Jey} SMIOJSND pUv SIOUULUL OY} YILA poqurenbow 
 “un deyjedoyye eq ‘ar0jo19q}3 4suut pur ‘pEIOM’ 
 64} JO 4seI oY} WoJJ popnfoes AT[oYM SeATT OFM 
 ‘SULY V0} WALT oq plnoys seouvmoTe yee qng 
 ‘ssooons Jo 
 pores AToy'eunzLoyOn yt YSnoyyye ‘qorvuour yey} YILAL 
 pey J sesmoosip Auvul esoy} Ul ‘LoAvepua OrOOUIS 
 AM seh sIyy, “4YSIT snooseyueape ysout oy} ut 
 serqnved pue senqitA Jey soeid puv ‘zeqyour [eoryttod 
 Aw jo seyjimiojep pu soryrery 013 Opry pinoa T 
 “UBIO SITY UB oO} spusmiMmodoel “eorsnf{ yOnuI Os YIM 
 » Ssuessvureorey snisXuorq yorum AIjun00 UMO Aw 
 03 Ayqeryzzed ojqepney yey} our0q sfvaye @ABy J doy 
 
 T0@ STHAVUL SYHAITTAVD 
 
‘ MOT] PINOM YINIy Jo ssoujOII}s oY} uy} ‘soorsop 
 Auew Aq ‘uany ofqvaoavy osom ev yurod AroAo 
 0} oaAws pue ‘suorysonb sty jo AuvuL popnye AT[njzAe 
 qvyy ‘UOT}VOIDUIA UAMO AL UT Avs 0} poMoTTV oq AvUE 
 J Youu sy} OA “TGV SV ] VOTPOVISTZVS YVYM WIG 
 GuIAIS osnjot 0} SsdoUULM PpooOs JO opnyztzeid YYLM 
 JoyIIO ysIsuoD you prnoo yt yey} “TefMoaed Adoao 
 uodn oarismbur pue snoramno os oq 0} poueddey 
 eoutd sty} ynq {UALS SBA. UOISvoD0 UB YoNS 4eq} 
 aq A{qissod uvo saopvor Aut Jo Aue se Atsos ATHAvOY 
 se ue [ ‘poyeory ATsnormlur os sem ArjuN0D poesoy 
 -eq soul puv ofqou Aw ott ‘oouoryed YIM 4Ser 04 
 peoloy SVM T puV f9TNOIprIa OJUT pourn} SAVATS OOM 
 Yous ‘syuourzuesed AU JOAOOSIP 0} UIBA Ul SBAL 4T 
 ‘£1048 AU Jo Javed siq} SuI[Roou0D WOI] OU polo PUY 
 OAL P[NOD GINA} JO CACT OWEI}xXO UB’ {NG ONIHLON 
 
 ‘aVBIG oY} Ul soljreg puv ‘siepy Ae 
 pur ‘smvy rjoyr—pouguoo pue yooztodut AroA AtyUNO_D 
 gey} Jo Suruavoery oy,[—sogl[og Ul souv1OUsI yvols s.Suly 
 eyL—peoofed SI YOIyA ‘Bury oy} 0} esvyUeApY Yon 
 jo jvsodoad ¥ soyvm oF—AIjUNOD SIY JO CAO] Soy NY oy], 
 
 TIA YHLd VHO 
 
 STHWAVUL §:UAAITTAO 003 
 
<cYJAve oy Jo covyans oy} uodn pMvso 
 0} poloyNs OAD OINJVN JY} UIUAIGA SNOTpO e799T] 
 jO o0vI Snolorused ysoul oy} 9q 0} SOAT}VU INOL J 
 
 y[Nq ey} opnfouocos ynq youuvo 7 ‘nod Wor poq101xe 
 puv pesulim sured yonu YIM CARY T SLOMSUB OY] 
 pue ‘uolyvjed UMO ANOA WoOIJ pos9yyVsS OAVY JT Fey 
 Aq “nq  ‘sayunoo ano jo soora Aueut pedeos 
 eavy oyroyyiy Avut nod edoy oy posodstp Todt 
 we J “surjeava, ut ojt— anok jo 4yaed ysoqvous ong 
 queds savy oymM ,, “SUI 944 ponuT}UOD ,.4Ffesanok 10] 
 SV ‘WOpsIM 110q} Joy ‘stoTesunoo ao { ArQUNO 
 I19Y} JO GACT OY} AOZ ‘s1ojzvues { AjIESOYUT ATO] 
 1oy ‘sespnf ‘a0;VA IO YoupuoD ATEyY JOT ‘sLTpTO$S 
 Suruve, 10 Aord ateyy LOJ poouvape ore sysorad: 
 yey} ‘onqIIA Jey} JO YUNO.De UO pe|qouUe oz 
 uel jeYy ‘ssoT Youu fnod Suowe uornmeys ouo Lue 
 jo yuewoinooid oy} paeao} Spoamboear st uoroojsed 
 euo Aue Moy pres oavy nok qe woay azvedde you 
 Yop 4] ‘suorydnato0s kq poqjotq pue poaanyq ATTOWA 
 ySol oy} puv ‘posese-j[ey osey} nq ‘eTqeaejoy use 
 OABY JYSIUL ‘TVULSTIO S}I UL “OITA ‘UorNANSUT Ue F 
 soul] eutos nox Suourv eadosqo [ ‘“wWoey} Surpnye pu 
 ‘Surpunojuoo “suyjz9ated ut ol] soryiqe pue s}se194 
 “Ur esoym osoyy Aq ‘pordde pue ‘poyerdsoym 
 ‘pouretdxe yseq ore sme 044 { 107e[sISo] v Surkyrpeuk 
 10} Sjuetporsut sedoud oy} cae 9oIA pus ‘ssoudTp 
 ‘eouvdousT yey, poaoid ATrvopo eavy nod : ATZUNOE 
 amo uodn o1sASoued o[quarupe ysou v epem oaey 
 
 661 STHAVEL S:YHAITTIND 
 
1OA “SIIP[Iy puowy op}jt] APL,, + UL woy} oxods oy 
 QUULU 904} AOU ‘yoSIOF JOAOU [[VYS [ TOI ‘spr10M 
 sey} Ul JjesulIy potoarfop ‘ATjUOS oul SuTyO.js 
 yue ‘spuvy sit OUT ou Suryey ‘usy} {USATS pry 
 “SIOMSUB OY} TYLA opeUt oy SuoCT}sonb oy} poredutoo 
 uoyods pry J T[v Jo wns oy} o7enzdeoer 07 sured 
 mM} 7@ sem ‘ooucrpne azoyjoue ut ‘Aqysofvut sty 
 ‘gonpoud pynoo 
 Iojiqmie a0 ‘orem “sny ‘Aaue ‘poryey “ssoupeuL 
 Sex ‘Aqjonzo ‘ssousnorpyaod ‘AstaoodAy ‘uorjory 
 IIBAB 4B} Spooyo ysioa AOA OY}—syUOUYsSIULG 
 UOINJOASL ‘sotoVssvU ‘Sdepanta ‘sUOTTTEqor ‘soTOR 
 mdsuoo jo deoy v ATuo sea 41 SSurysoyoad ¢ Aanyueo 
 se] oy} Sulanp sureye imo jo WY eAvs [ JUNODOe 
 IL0ISIY OY} YALA poystuojse ATJooJtod sei OT] 
 js1eyjo uodn A4L10}xop snoureyur yeyy ooryoad 
 MUL UIE] 0} ‘poatoood orvy Loy sossoy ey} Aq “uot 
 OIOJ puv ‘spUIL Ale} Jo yUoWeACIdUTE oY} Wor; 
 mou} oye} ATjoyM ‘{suoruvdumoo o[IA 0} UleYy} oyVN 
 qiqey se [Jaa sv ‘Souspuodep ut seyqou Auea ano deoxy 
 UIJOMOS puB ‘SoTOIE yVoIS YB ATAIY JOU 4ULSTUL 
 qae yey} ut Ay1190}xop atoyy Aq ‘ojdood snorora ‘uveUul 
 SyIYA {sounJOF Aloyy JOoye 0} Sv YSIY OS JUOA. 
 @A9 YI JomoyM {poko[dmo 41 oul} Aloy} Jo Youut 
 Moy {UMOP pre, svar qt uot pue ‘dn uoexey ATTensn 
 JVM JUOULUTL}I9}UO SIT} 90V YIM JB MOU OF Podlsop 
 yy :SurmeS pouoruceu pey jf ‘Aaques pue Ay]Iqou 
 
 STHAVUL SHHAITTIAI 86T 
 
INO JO SUOISIOAIP oY} Suowe 4ey4 ‘poatosqo oT 
 ‘S[BIpoo OJ ynoge Wey} pUEA 04 ou ynq “yasoF: 
 sIy ut suostod dooy 03 pomorye oq Avu uu & 410; 
 * PUODES BY} Gd1OJUS OF JOU SSeUYVIM SVM JI OS “QSUT 
 ey} odmber 03 yuowussaos Aue ur Auuerk sem 4 
 sv ‘puy ‘“Woey} [ve0U0d 0} pesT[qo oq you prnoys ac 
 ‘oSUBY 0} post[qo oq plnoys o1jqnd 904} 09 Terorpnfeac 
 suotuido ureziojuo oa osoyy AYA WOsver OU AOU 
 ey pres of7 =“sorztjod pue UOLslper UL sn SuOUTe $109) 
 [V1OAOS OY} WOLF UMBIP UOTZeIndtwHOD vB Aq ‘afdood ane 
 JO sioquINU OY} SUTUOYSeI UI 41 [[vo 07 pasveld sea 
 oy sv ‘oremyyae Jo pury ppo Au ye poysnry of7 
 ‘S}VOIYY ALey} Suryyno AC 
 OLOU SOU} PoIpUNY UY Joo JS oA ‘sosva [TRU 
 LOF SJool}S OY} UL oanjuea Bye dn poyord ‘sjvose. 
 uozop & Jey Aq uvyy ‘ATIUey pure uoApTIYo sty ‘JT: 
 “wy Aq, popusjep oq 10}30q You 4y.Stu asnoy s,ueo 
 ayealid 8 JoyjeyM ‘uotutrdo Au azvoy plnom pu 
 “IYST 0} OOM OA TOY JSUIVSe IO ‘preaye o10M OA 
 WOYA JO SULSVUII JOU p[noo oy ‘soaT}ezUosoaded ano Jc 
 suosied 94} ul “yuesuod uMO ano Aq poudoaos o10A 
 OM JI pres off ‘ofdoed sory ve Suowe pur ooved yc 
 Sprur oy} Ul AUIe Surpurys AreuoorloM B Jo y]R} ow 
 IvoY O} pozvuUe svar oY [TV eaoqy 4 4e0f ano YALA 
 $}8BO00 OY} pusjep 0} JO ‘A4v9I IO ‘apeay Jo 91008 oY 
 uodn sso[un ‘spuvjst U0 ano Jo yno pey oA Sssoursn¢ 
 yEYM POYSe OF] “SSUIy INO UeYy JoYoIA 9q spoat 
 
 461 STHAVAL S:THATTTIND 
 
‘SSOTPOJQOpU! JO SJOMISpo_MoUyOV puv sjusmAg 4 
 “SULUIYIAXT y 
 jsnUL s[e1ouls ino yey pure ‘stoqysiou peq Area 
 Juoure sary do ‘ejdood omosjorzenb v oq ysnuUt OM 
 {jurez1900 yey, «= “suv oAtsuodxo puv 9[qvosareyo Yons 
 (0 [Vj SOUL Ivoy 0} polopuom OFT 4 Woy, Avd 0} 
 KouoUl puNoj OM O19 A PUB ‘S10ITPIzO INO OOM OTA 
 
 sm poyse oyT ‘uosiod ojvatid v o¥T] ‘078489 SII Jo 
 MO UNI p[nod WoOpsuLy v OY SSOT & 4 TIS SVM OY 
 NI} AIIM UWI POY [ JVM Jt ‘yng = ‘suoryR[NOTVO sty 
 JI poatooop oq jou pr[nood oy pur ‘uITY 07 [NJosn 9q 
 YoU JonpuUod ANO Jo oSpoTMoUyY 9y} 4ey} ‘eur poz 
 sq se ‘podoy oy osnvooqg “yutod sty} ut repnotaed 
 A19A 919M WOYL} pvy oY sojou oy} Loz f oTqnop uvyy 
 JIU 0} poJUNoUre soumTjyoutos Ady} punoj oy {‘sonsst 
 3Y} UOTJUST 07 OTD JT UOT pur “IvoA B SUOT[[IUL XIS 
 IO OA Jnoqe ye soxv, Ino poynduoo J osnvooq ‘out 
 peyrey pey Arourem Aut yySnoy} oy pres pure f Arn 
 Svol} Ino Jo JUuoMLESvUU oY} UOdN 4xOU [EJ OFT 
 
 «4 OYEUOS IOMOT OY} Ul SLOqUIOUL Sv pozIWIpe IBA 
 piom oY} JoyjoyA ‘Ajavfnoaed puy ;%suorutdo 
 Moy} Suroarep 10 Sutpvotd soy pavaoa Arerunooed 
 fue poarooor Aoy. soyoy A 4 UoTyeoda0o a00d 
 8 Jo yout v osom Avy} Jomo A, ySuorutdo Auer} 
 “u00 oAoid 04 syuopoooid poqio puv ‘osnvo ourles oT} 
 ASUIv5v pus JO] popvold ‘soull] YUOLEYIp ye “IeAO pey 
 ‘foyy soyjoy A, joansvotd aro, qe ,uodn Sutsso[s 
 
 STHAVGL SYHAITTAD 961 
 
 “eo 
 
“IOAvy AUL UL paprood « 
 
 -_— 
 
 pure surjoidaioqut Jo Ay1eqr[ ey} peuinsse Loy4 ory 
 ‘SMB Oso} Sutuued ur qavd Aue pey sospnf s19y} aC 
 Avy} JONJONM JZ SWLOJsNo [Loo] Joyo pue euorye 
 ‘Teroutaoad ur ATuo a0 ‘Ayinbe Jo eSpeyMouy Teroued 
 oy} Ul poyeonpe suosaed 190M sI10j;v10 Burproye 
 esoy} Joy} MA {e01}sn{ Jo e[vos oy} ut yYSIOd 
 Aue JO eq 0} pedsesqo orem ‘sorytjod 20 uorSteL 
 ‘Aqavd doyjoym jeatssorddo ao ‘snoyexea “snfu 
 oq 0} UMOUY AT}sofTURUT sosnvo ut peotd 04 AyZ0qE 
 pey sSiojzV10 pue soqvooApe sSyJeyA\ 7 osuedx 
 jO eo1sep 4yvyM pus “Suoim pure yySta weemyoq Bu 
 “UlWIE}Jep Ur yueds ATTeNSN SeVA OTT, FVYM pose o 
 'S]S00 Y}IM ,,“OUL JOF poodoop svi YOIy ‘AroouRYC 
 ey} Ur yms suot v Xq pourna ysomye ATreuLIOT Ue 
 SULARY ‘Op 0} 9[q¥ 10940q OYY SBAL T SITY pue :syuro0¢ 
 [R1OAOS UI poystzes oq 01 podtsop Aysofeur sty ‘eorsnl 
 JO 8JAN09 IMO 0} WOIeoL UI pres T yey uody | 
 
 ‘yeodoar OF 
 JUETUGAUOD JO Juepnad you 4 Yury} T Yor ‘suorjoe! 
 “qo pue sortuinbur ssopioqmnu Sursodoad ‘peoy sry! 
 yo yred Atoao uodn ATYSnos0yy out peijis pue ‘suor 
 -sonb stq porfdiyjam of = -Arqsturut peydnai0o & Y ITA 
 uorjounfuoo ur ‘sourrd snorora pu yrom & JO SUSTSOT 
 ey} 0} poos orjqnd oy. Sutogiors fq 4e ozo 
 Aoy} eTqnos} pur soSreyo oy} a0j SOATSSWIOY} SUIPUN: 
 
 {6T STHAVEL S:YHAITTIND 
 
1 JO SMOTA AUR OARY P{NO UdTET}UES snoTeez Yons 
 ayJOYA MOUY 0} podisep oy puy ‘odoouls sAvaye 
 q jou Ayqissod 4yStur yt yqnop 0} poutoss Aysofvur 
 ry yey} “gtaids orfqnd puv onqalA Jo uTeays pozexe ue 
 ons poavodde styy osnvooq { uorsuod ao Atetes Aue 
 OYA ‘SOI[IMVF ITO} JO UMA oy} 07 UWoeIJo ‘esuedxo 
 UP o[qNoI} Vols v 9q OF PAAOT[V T Gora ‘ATQuuesse 
 IY} OUT Suryqe3 wodn queq ATWUWETOIA Os 010M o[dood 
 ey} ssed 0} oWlvo YI ALOFT 7 pOOYOqysreu oy} UI 
 BULOTJUIS O[QeVLOpIsuOs YSOUL oY} JO “ploTpUe] WMO 
 TOY} OL0JOG WILY CSOOY) 0} S1OJOA IBSTNA OY} OUONE 
 u qou qysiu ‘esund Suods vB YA ‘tesuvsys 
 STIOYA { SLOMOUMUOD PoT[Vd J WOT ESOT} SUT}OOTO UI 
 oMovid OL0A\ SJIV IVY A MOUY OF porisep Woy} OH 
 
 4, Ajquaesse 
 ey} OUL pojyitupe osom Ay} Joye ‘MOT[OF 04 
 eTIAIes ponurjuoo Loy} suorurdo esoyas ‘ueMeTqou 
 mos 0} surejdeyo oynqysoad ystavs Jo ‘sysortd 
 fomutoo esem oy. ofA ‘sou 04} WTA ssortd 
 009 Weeq JACM pey {SoAT[ sty} Jo AyyouRs 94} 
 jue ‘s10}JVUL SNOISI[OL UL OS pPoLMOUyY IIoy} Jo yUNoIIB 
 todn yurt 4vy} 0} poyoutoid sAvATe o19A\ Jo exods 
 + spxoy AJoy esoy} sOyJET AA {WET} Suowe govyd 
 1M OAVY pyNod ‘MOTA Jo4SIUIS JoyJO OTWOS JO “oqtIg 
 2 9ey) Quem Jo ‘soryyerjaed ‘oolwae WOIJ OddF O8 
 skempe ovom Loy} LoyIOU AA 7, JLOSOA SVT Of} UL syool 
 Qns-MoT[ej J1ey} Jo sorjsodoid oy} eplooep 07 WoTy 
 
 STAAVUL S:CHAITTAO F61 
 
e[qeue o} se os 4r {q omvo Loy} Moy pure ‘Ar UN0¢ 
 TOU} JO SMUT OY} UL PLY spo] esey} eSpormous 
 JO OLBYS YUM J{S}UOUTOOUVAPB osoy}y UL soATOM 
 eq 0} peueddey dore 4ser0qut orfqnd oy) 04 eyisodde 
 Ajied e Suruoyysuers jo USISep B JO “oqsTUTM 
 eulid v 10 Ape] yanoo v oy ouour JO tuns & ‘ooutad 
 O47 JO JounY oy} deyJOyM !spso] Mou poqeoso 0q 04 
 or OFM Soy} UI Aresseoou O10 SUOTROYTTeNd 7eUM 
 JUl}x9 oulvoeq AIM} s]qou ue usyM ‘ATQUIOSSY 
 yey ATddns 03 uoye sem osanoo YUM 4S80aq] 
 1194} Jo yaed oTqvyove, puv ysay ey4 quads Ajwou 
 -uioo AVY} ssoursnq jo pury yey ur pur ‘AqITIGou 
 sunof imo jo sorpoq pur SpuIT 94} 99RAT}[NO OF 
 Pest O1OM SpOYJOUL JY poyse OFT ‘oporjae A10Ae 
 uodn suoroefqo pur ‘sotuenb ‘syqnop <ueuw pesodoad 
 ‘SoJOU STY Sury[NsuOD ‘souerpne Yyx1s @ ur ‘Aqsofvur stg 
 ‘SOSIMOOSIP SUC] esoy} 07 puo uv qnd pey [ wo 
 ‘OU FSB OF popusjzUr oy suoTysonb [Te Jo sump 
 “UBIOUIOUL SB [JAM SB ‘oxods T ye Jo sojou SULTRY 
 Ajjuenberz ‘uoruey3e yvorS GYM STOyA oy} pavoy 
 SUIY oy} pur -SANOY [RIIACS JO Yoo ‘soousrpne 
 SAG dopun pepue jou sea uorzesIaATOO STULL, 
 ‘ased savok 
 podpuny we Inoqe Joy pur[suyq ur syueae pur SUIVR 
 FO JUNOSOR TBoIIO}SIY Jotmq Vv YITM ITV poysiuy J 
 puy ‘Axunoo «ur jo JOUOY OY} OF punoper 4YSTUL 
 yyen0yy J yorum qefnoyied s0yjo Lue ao Ssowy 
 
 S61 STHA VEL § YHAITTODO 
 
 — 
 
‘sed pu sjiods ino woo qrwo ou prp T ‘sn Suowe 
 ‘Aquvd pvortjod 10 oes snorSipoa yora Jo oq qyoluL 
 S194} SUOT|[IM AUBW MOY SULUOYOoOL AQ o[dood ano 
 jo Joquinu oy} peyndutos J “pury pu vas <q ‘saoa0j 
 INO JO SJUSTIGASIYOR pu AOTeA 9Y4 { Aansver} ano 
 JO juowesvuvM juepnid ey} pouoMusM J ‘sous, 
 “ouur jo uoryoojord pue sora jo yuourystund ey} A0y 
 Sv [fe sv ‘uour Jo soriedoad pue syyS81a poqyndsrp 
 oY} SUIUIULIEJep 410} ‘poprisoad ‘me, 94} Jo saoqord 
 lojul pue soses ofqviousa osoyy ‘sospnf oy} yor 
 19A0 Soorsn{ Jo s}1n00 oY} 0} popudsosep udT} J 
 ‘PO}JLWULOD ST OANIVISISO] 
 efor oy} ‘soutad 97} WTA UoTJoUNfUOD UI ‘MOT 04 
 ‘tedoing ut Ajquiesse jsnSnv ysou oy} dn opeu sorpoq 
 OM} SOG} 1Vq] puy ‘“UoryeU soy 9y} Jo WOpsIM 
 94} jUoserder 07 ‘A1yUN0D IEY} JO SACT pu SOTITTIGe 
 qvols I1ay} IOZ ‘soatosutoyy o[dood oy Aq yno pena 
 pue poyord Ajoouy ‘uotoyjues [edroud je oom 
 OYM ‘sUOMIWIOY JO OsnoTT 943 poT[eo ATquiesse ue 
 JO pojsisuod juetuET[IVd oy] jo yuvd Joyo 04} YVU, 
 ‘ejdood 94} 
 pue AS10190 oY} Jo sLoyyey Tends oy pooput o10A 
 ‘OYA * UOT}IpNas rey} Jo yydep oy} pu SOATT IIEYY Jo 
 Ayyjoues oy Aq poystnSurjsip ATpoaresep SOUL O10 
 Sv pooyjsotid oy} Jo yons Suoure ‘soTOsuNOdD 4SOSTAA ~ 
 ‘Sty puv oourtd oy} Aq ‘uoryeUu sfoyYM 944 Yonoryy 
 quo yyonos pue poyorves o10M ose], ‘ulo10q} 
 
 STHA VAL S:THATTTNAD c6T 
 
‘AT[BVOIUOIT pooysiepun oq 07 4JIMG Aq JURETT OSINOdD JO SI SUOT 
 “NYMSUI YSLIg ey} JO JUNOSe S,JeATTINY Jo 4som pur siyy, } 
 "SOTMOTOD y 
 
 ejdoed 944 yonajsur oA 9soy} Jo puv ‘UOISITAI Jo 
 dvd OL} 0} SI JI Ssoulsnq aerNoed osoym { sdoystq 
 JO 9[}1} oy} Jepun ‘ATquaesse yey} Jo yaed se ‘suosaod 
 Ajoy [eteaos poutol e19M soy} OF, ‘eyvouedep 04 
 UMOUY GUO JOACU oLOM A4110}S0d IIOy} YOM Wo] 
 ‘OnJIIA IY} JO pavVAod oy} useq BABY IOUOY oso 
 ‘S£0JSOOUB POUMOUOL JSOUL IIOY} Jo sIOMOT[OT ATIIOA 
 ‘WOpsuly oy} JO yAVM[NG pUe JUOMIeUIO ey} O10M 
 esoyy yey, + Aqllopy pue Yonpuoo “Ioyea ateyy Aq 
 ‘Aajunoo pus sound «1043 Jo sousjep 043 a0; Apvod 
 sAva[e suotdmeyo oq 0} puv {yrodde ou oq uvo 
 o10Y} GOUT M ii ‘sanyeotpnt Jo 4an00 ysoysty O44 
 JO SLOQUIOU oq 0} ! OANLISISO] OY} UI oTVYS B OART 
 0} ‘MOpSUTY pue Sury oy} 04 y30q saojasunoo Sureq 
 1oy woyy AztTenh oy ‘sure pu syrv ul UOTyRONpe rout 
 jo uoxey sAvaye ovo ATeUIpsovsjxe yey} poqrzosep 
 J ‘seruowtsyed ojdme pue yuoroue ysour omy J 
 pur “poorq 4se[qou ey} Jo suosaied {s100g Jo esnoyy 
 ey} petteo ‘Apoq snorsysnqft ue jo dn opem Apaed 
 -quowelied ysijsuq ue jo uoyniysuoo 04} uodn 
 esivl ye oyods uey} J ‘oyeuNI{o ano Jo oanqeacdmea 
 oy} pur Tos ano jo Ay][H410F oy} uoda Buoy yom 
 I] “voLlIeuy Ur ,suoNnvjurid ano sopiseq ‘usted 
 
 161 STHAVUL S.AHAITTOD 
 
gA0s duo Jepun ‘swopSury AyySru 00.144 posodui0d 
 JOIYA ‘SpURIST OA\J JO poJSISUOD SUOTUTWOP «NO 4eyy 
 (gsofvu sty Surwaoyur Aq osinoostp Aut uvseq JT 
 ‘AqOIaT puB S}IJoul $y 07 penbo 
 q4qs B ur ALaZUNOO oATyeU avep UMO AU Jo osTead 
 IY} 9}VAQOTIO OF OU poTqvU GALY YYSTUL 4VY} ‘OLBOID) 
 (0 sousyysOMLeg, JO ENdUO, CY} JOJ poYsIa oy | 
 1o}JO MOY ‘depvat snoeqinod JrosXyy YALA oULSeU] 
 ! NOTJBIIUIL QAIOSOP YYSTUL yey} SUITY 
 fuv jo ceoy 0} pels oq plnoys oy “(sesinoostp LoULIO; 
 {ui <q syouruou soyjo Jo poanqzoofuoo ey Os OF) 
 WO}sND UMO ATEY} Jo ore ATUOUIUTOD soouTAd sv pUOoJ 
 rm ‘osnvoeq {prnoo ATqissod J] se purjcuq jo JueU 
 UIOAOS 9y} JO JUNODOR UL JOVXO SB UIIY OATS plnom JT 
 WIISEpPO]T “etoJoq 1oAo pey oy ueyy eu fo uorurIdo 
 9310 YONI B GATOOUOD 0} URSEq pure ‘UOT}U9}4" YITAL 
 mM piroy Sury oy, ‘“eolades Teusts oumos Aysolvur 
 Ty Op 0} 9AIT yyS1u [ pedoy J ‘eq 0} oUt YOO} oY 
 B o[qvsepisuoour sv vy} pue fspury Jes] oy} Jo 
 {uew uvyy ‘AjoeSes puv “av ‘Arysnpul 91oul JO UOTy 
 eindes oy} pry sjue pue sooq ‘sTeUITUR 10430 SuOTIe 
 By} $41 YIM popraoad qsvoy ATyensn ore suossed 4so 
 He} 042 yey} AajuNOD INO UT peATsqo Ai ‘ArBIYTOO 
 y} uo :Apog ey} Jo y[Nq ey} YA Jes} puoezxXo 
 OU pIpP UOsvor yey} {JO JOISPUA SBA OY 4BY} PUIUT 
 O sorjyenb yueT[90xe 9s0q} 0} e[qeeASUB ULES 
 OU pIp ‘pltomM oY} JO 4Ssol oY) pue ‘odoin paleo} 
 
 ‘STHAVUL S.YHAITTAY O61 
 
podeaoostp oy ydutoyuoo 0x} yey} Aysofvur sty [[o} OF 
 wiopsedy ey} yoo} Avp suo T “WITY YYLA\ SUOT}ESIOA 
 
 -U09 [BIOAGS pey [ JOUULUT SITY UT 
 
 ‘OOWF SI TILA 
 
 noig Yora “oulqeo oy 
 
 >; 
 O 
 
 [PAs] B 0} JSOWUTe OUT 4q 
 
 4 SUPT OY} YILM SUOT}VSIOATOO [VIOACS PBY J JOUNVUT SIT} UT,, 
 
 aie : 
 
 LY Godt SS 
 
 PON 
 
 Vig 
 
 yy 
 
 é 
 “i 
 
 ¢ 
 
 on ise 
 
 | 
 
 one 
 5 
 5 
 <_< 
 48 
 oS 
 ES 
 © 
 a. Q 
 is S 
 od & 
 <6 ~ 
 SS x 
 o = -S 
 FS ov 
 SS TR 
 yh ce 
 My a 2. 
 LY, 5 
 = 
 ct 
 = 
 35 
 2) 
 = = 
 pe J 
 o 
 ¢ 5 
 © 
 ry 
 m 
 S- = Te) 
 
OU PULUIMIOD 9T]} P[NOM OT] :4OSOTO SI UT 9[qv} 941 
 uodn jos puv ‘xoq AW UL 4yonoiq oq p[noys | IVY} 
 qepio ATQuonboay pfnoa “sutpuvysiepun Jue[[eoxe Jo 
 soutid B SBM ‘poArosqo o1OJoq J sv ‘oA “SUTY oT, 
 
 ‘QOURTIALOJALOd AU 0} VSVIUVAPVSIP JVOLG V SBA TOL AL 
 {op s}sijzev 1oyjO sv ‘10Y}050} [qed] pure sseq oY} 
 Avid Ayyuenbesuoo zou ‘soy U99}XIS OAOGR OXI.I4S 
 qou plnoo 7 yo pur fqueMdopun LoAO J BSTO10x 
 QUO[OIA JSOUL OY} SBA JI Yq ‘sorysolvUN ATey} YIOG Jo 
 uoTORISI}WVs yeors oy} 07 ‘orl vw Avid 07 4JIYs B oprul 
 pure ‘sys omy Ata yy soy aodoud oy} Sursurq 
 ‘plnop 7 sv ysvy sv ‘siqy pu ABA yet} “YL uodn Ssuot 
 pis URI J ‘youoq oy} uodn ynd sea J pu ‘shox or} 
 MOTEq Je0F INOF JnoqR ‘paoe[d sv Youeq v yourds 
 ey} e10jog ‘“punos 04} ydnasoyut sou ‘skox oY} JO 
 sdo} oy} oSvurep aoyyeu yySim [ wey} uo suddea 
 Aq yey} ‘UTYS Sosnoul B Jo aooId B YYIA SpUo 1OxOTY} 
 9} pert9Ao0 JT pus “104930 9 UB} pue oUO 4B JOXxOIN4 
 e1aM Loy} {sjeSpno uowurI0d Jo ssousiq oT} ynoqe 
 ‘syors punod oy poredeid J : sty} SBA PeATI}UOO 
 I porjeut oyy, ‘osodand ou 04 pur ‘1oqel v yeors 
 001 04 P[NOAM TOIT “sy ATI YYLM 970138 AvUIS poos 
 @ poambor uMOp ule} ssoad 07 puv ‘shox oAY CAG” 
 0} yored you pnoos J pepuezxe stze AUI GIT 7eqY 
 0s ‘Qpla JOoJ vB ysourTe Suteq Aay Yyouo ‘SUOT JOOF 
  Ayx1s avou seam yourds oy} 1of : y[MOLFIp Ayeul8.1}. x9 
 poavodde sty} yng = “queUINA}SUT STq} uodn 9un} UST] 
 
 | STHA VAL S:YHAITTIND 881 
 
‘ouvrd oy} Jo w103 AjAva Jo pury & “QUETINAISUT PIO UV x 
 
 “Sug ue yyIM usonb puv Sury oy} urezaeque plno.a - 
 78y} poy AUL OJUL OU AOU] WY “LOUULUL UTES OY) 
 ur uodn podvd sea puv 4Quoeumaysut 1vY} polquiese. 
 YEYMOULOS JT esnvoeq “yourds v 41 [[eo ] : ey yore: 
 0} YOOM-B GdoIAy popuejyY JoJsvUL B pUe “IoquIRY: 
 Jey ur euo ydey youpyepunty ,yourds oy! 
 aodn 013411 % Aefd oy yynod Kur ut pours] pey [ 
 ‘O[QvooISRSIp JOU OIsNw 
 TOG} punoy T Ory s09ze fsuTezINO-MOpULM oy! 
 ABip PUB “YI JO SMOPUIM pUe SLOOP 9Y} INYS 0} uoy! 
 ‘p[nod J sv avy se yes ssousojsed 049 O10 GM Sood 
 ou} WolfZ pesoutor xoq Au oavYy 07 sea oorovad 
 AW “yH Tenbs you pnoo ‘sive anok 4 qsn{ 194905 
 -0} Sulpunos pur Suryreq ‘uae [eho B Jo medull 
 pus suinip oq} [[B 9841 JUopyuoo we ] ‘soun, oy 
 ysinsuystp ATpaey prnoo J Jey YVoLs OS SBM osjou 
 OFF MQ + UOY} Leoy 07 o[qe, v UO xoq Aur UI 408 S| 
 ‘Polvo SOULIJOWOS SBAL J OTA 01 4an00 18 $}.190109) 
 juenbeay pey ‘orsnut ut pewystep oy Bury oyy, 
 ‘JO puoy o1 
 S[ALS yey} S404 97991] oWOS qnq I UI Surqjou 4dey ays 
 SLO JOIN} PUB “SUIOD JOSAVT OY4 Jo 1YSIOM OY} Iveq OF 
 y3Sued}s Jo you Sureq ‘esn UBT MOYS LOJ O1OUL SBAL 
 1 “yyn1y 04 Avs OF -guasuoD susenb ey4 £q your 
 TePUNLD OF 9avs J Yor ‘s19aqq0] plo ur poreydroep 
 
 A8T STHAVAL SUAAITIO YO 
 
sureu s,Ay80fvur Joy yILM “SuoT Joos eay quoge ‘osund 
 IIIT] Jou V Spe OSTMOHIT | (sniues [RoluByooul 
 2 sXkVM[e pel [ Se) sureg osey} JQ “poy s Aqsolvur 
 lay peurope 9ouo yeyy saleq snoloeid osoy} uo 
 poq Au yo yavd o[qvsouoysip & eed uvyy syjvep 
 uvsnoy} Bop JoYyyVl plnoM T Suryseqord “rey Aoqo 
 9} pesnjor AToyNTosqe J ynq ‘SITeYo osoy} JO EU uodn 
 Is OU pey aAvYy pynoa uoonb oy, “Wey? Pleqeq 
 yey} ouo AoAO JO JOPUOM 9} OOM oy} pooput sv 
 SOIJISOLIND JO ULOY} AOYS 0} posn puR “YouTqeo 10 
 ul Woy} ydoy OYA ‘Aqsolvut toy 07 WOT} JO quoesoid 
 B epeul J poysiuy otom Aq} UST AA ‘puvjouy ul 
 sireyo ouvo Jo souuru oy} 1o4ye ysnl “yno yord prnoo 
 J Suey ysosuodjs 04} OAOM JT SoTOY ESO} qonoiyy 
 :syeos pue syovq oy} peustsop J e1oy A syed osoyy 
 punor [Mv ouy & UIA sopoy [941] e10q 07 TOY} pure 
 ‘xoq Aur UI pey J ESoy} ULY} 10SIv] OU ‘souLvaj-ITe yO 
 OM} OYVUL 0} WIY poyoodip J “ow AOF sqol o129I[ Op 
 0} slop1o [eLoUES poaloood PRY OTA ToyBUT OULGvO 
 ey} puoy AU yILM SuTy[NSUOD pue ‘{yquenb poos 
 B 40S J OUll} UI JooLoyM “Tey s Aqsofeut 1oy JO SOUL 
 -UI0D OY} OUL LOF OAVS 0} URUIOA suoenb oy} perisep 
 J ‘Smmoy ounstoy Su jo Auvu yueds J Urlesoya 
 
 ‘Quowesnme ue jo pulul Ul ot sjnd siq} puy 
 ‘rayyjour 
 
 ——— 
 
 QUI OYVUL 0} OYNV}IOpUN p[NOA Se 4OBXO pue 9o1u 
 
 os Auyunoo yey ur ysiyav Aue AoUx T PIP Joq}IOU 
 
 | 
 | 
 | STHAVEL SAHAITTAY 98T 
 | 
 | 
 
 a 
 
se nae 
 
 -SSa[osn JSOM[e sBAL qi {BY} 400} oq} Ul Udyog yonut 
 os Ssuteq umo Aut ‘Ajddns ofqemosees ve sear YOu Ay 
 quioo afqvtojo} AIoA vB opem JT je} ‘syutod out 
 pavao} oftuy Aut y}IM wey} surdojs pue Surdesog 
 ‘A][etogTAe os sdumyjs oy} ut poxy T "TO pOTVpuNyp.o 
 UOIF j98 P[Moo ] sv ofpoou v [[vUS sv YT some SIP 
 
 jenba ye 41 Ut sofoy Texeaes Suryeur ‘quioa v To youq 
 
 oY} OFT] FT yo pue ‘poom ouy Fo voard ve yoo} uayy 
 
 I ‘arey jo sdumys ysosuorjs oy} fo Ayzq 10 Ajr07 
 
 pexyord J yorys Fo jno ‘toy}B_ IO spns ay} Jo outog 
 
 aul BAIS 0} daqieq ay} UO parteacrd vou0 ec 
 
 B 90IM} paavys ATUO sea ‘K1}UNOD oy} FO utojsnd 
 
 oY} 0} Suiptoooe ‘Aysafeu stzZ  ‘ayyAos AIVUIPIO UB 
 
 SB SUOT SB ddIM} JSOUT[B SBA IOZBI ay} LOZ £ proyaq 
 
 0} 9[qIi1a} ATOA qsIy ye sea ‘poopur ‘qoryar ‘puey 
 
 5 LOG lVqg ot} topun tty Woes UdfoO pey pue ‘yooa 
 
 B aIM} LO BDUO 99AVT S.GUTY OY} pua}je 0} agga Ti 
 
 "UO9IGY} SUOTIVALOSGO 8. SUL OUT —uUITY 
 OF SOPRIOI IOYINY Sys YOIyM ‘puvlsuq Jo 93e4s 9Y4 OJUL 
 seimmbul Bury eyy,—orsny ut TLS SIY SMoys e_7—usens 
 
 i 
 
 pue sury oy} esvetd 0} 10yyny ey Jo SOOUBAIIJUOO [RIOAOG 
 
 IA WALdVHO 
 
 gst STHAVGUL S.TLAITTAD 
 
"MOPSUTY OY} Jo suosiod 4s0zv0I1s O17} 
 yim jyooy v uodn jjosury ynd pure ‘souvzzodut yy 
 YOO] 0} ournsoad T[eys ‘asuss uoUUIOD JO 44IM ‘uossed 
 *YJAIG OF 9]I1} SVOT 94} Jno “yopavAa oTqTyduI93u00 
 ‘a]941[ B otoyM $ UINJor ATU GOUIS puvjouY ut yuonboay 
 AIOA IOTABYOG UMO AU JO [TeouUr OY} UVES OART T 494 
 puy ‘wry YIM uostavduoo zo Ayyenbe jo saidep 
 [[@ JO Ino ore OYA SOY} GUOTNL AOUOY JfesmMIY SuULOp 
 JOAVEPUS O} UU B JOT SI I ydm9z}e UB UIVA MOY 
 qooTJol OU OpPRUI SINT, “ULv}UOD Woy} oe You plnood 
 WIY Jnoge osoy} woay Aysofeut sty 07 oOnp yoodsat 
 oY} [[@ Gory ‘uoqySnv] pnoy v soprseq esfe suryoU 
 peonpoid yooods Aut “soAoMoyT = “uoTysonb ur peT[va 
 9q plnoys esvanoo siy yseq snoqvol sea oym uossed 
 
 STHAVGL S:YHAITTAD P81 
 
@ o¥T] “ouo} ULI UL podoarfep J sy, “Ur yt qnd oY 
 UBY} O4SKY CLOW YIIM I MVIPOILA 0} PRLS WI opeuUt 
 SAVY P[NOM sv pUNOM & YONS WIY USALS 9ARY p[noys 
 ] sdvyaed ‘aequrvyo Aur oyur med sty poxod ey uoym 
 
 ‘eyods [ se apy oy} uodn puvy Aw suiddejo pue 
 
 ‘A900. SUIYOO]T) LosuBy AU JO OSN OYVUL OF SB IBF OS 
 yUIy} 0} our poroyns pey savey Au jr (Queydoye us 
 SB OGIZ] SB PSOPUI SBM YI) poovsue A[OYR] OS SBA T 
 WOM YIM [VULLUB SHOTSUOU Jey} AOJ SB puy ‘ou 
 yey} 0} pouunsoid Ay} jr ‘494}30.30} wey} Jo Wezop 
 % YJIA [Vop plnoo T yey} [TVS os pur ‘seovid s0q}0 
 WLI SOT}ISOIIND LO} JYsnoiq 91eM se yons ydeoxe 
 ‘skoyuou ou pey oa odoany ut yey} Aysofvur stq poy 
 
 J ‘A4ajzunoo uso Aur UL WOIseO00 Ue Yons Uodn sUOp 
 
 oAeY P[NOM T LYM MOUY OF podisop oFT 4 YoRuroys 
 Aut pouedivys pey Jood oy} UO ATe Ysouy oY} oq} M 
 pue !surpsey jo touuvul sty {ou oAvS OY STeNqOIA 
 04} peyxl] J Moy ‘med s Aoyuour oy} ur ABT T OTA 
 - e19M SUOT}e[NOEdS puUe sjYsnOY AU Ye OW poyse 
 oH 4«“eanqueApe siqy uodn jvoap poos ev ou ATTeI 
 0} pesvotd sem oy ‘S1OAvy SIG OJ SYULY} WIIG UAN{ed 
 0} ‘AteAoood ATL Jaqze SuLy oy) popuerye T usT AM 
 
 ‘sovyed oy} ynoqe ydoyx oq plnoys [TeutruY Yons — 
 
 OU 4¥Y} Opeul Jopso uv pur ‘poTry sem AoyUouL OT, 
 ‘SSOUNOIS AUL SULINP SPISTA TeeAos ou opeut Aysofvut 
 toy pue :y4[voy Aut 10338 oammbur 07 Aep Azoeao 
 ques “yI0d ey} [Te pur ‘ueonb ‘Bury ou, “4ysIU 
 
 6st STHAVGL S TAAITTAD 
 
4103 & poq Aut doay 04 pootoy seam T yey} [euTUY 
 snorpo siq} Aq out uaats sozoanbs oy} Aq sopris oy] 
 Ul pesIniq pUv YOM OS SVM [49K ‘Jorjod yeors oun 
 GAS TOIYM “GUITIWIOA-B [[9J [ Us} pur ‘o[poou [Tews 
 ®% UVM Ynow Aut jo yno 4 poyord osunu opi] avep 
 Au ynq ‘yvoiqy AW uAOp potwueso pry Aoyuour 
 oui Ynys AYIY oy} YIM peyoyo ysourye sem JT 
 ‘OJVS UMOP OW WYSNnOIG “yoxood 
 -soqooeiq SsIy oJUr ou sutyynd ‘pue ‘dn poquiryjo 
 ‘usuljooy sosinu AW jo ouO ‘prt ysouoy ue ng 
 ‘SOAVO OY} 0} BSPLI OY} WIOAJ IDAO pu TOAO SulTquiny 
 eulod puv ‘ssoutppio umo Au Aq [ef 0} sO ‘pur 
 oy} Aq UMOpP UMOTG 9q 0} JuoTIOWM AIOAO SuTyoodxe 
 ‘punois 04} WoOiy spuvA porpuny 90.17} ‘ouIT} owlos 
 IO} JS JT o10FT ‘odvoso sty opvu pue [I] oSprt B UO 
 doip out 49] ‘ssoy 99.143 SIY WIM Ysnous poods oxvut 
 0} 9[qe Suleq jou ‘pessedutooue qSOUL[B J[OSUITY SUT 
 -pug puv ‘Sutasosqo AoyuoU 94} YOY ‘MOU TBIOAOS 
 Aq poeyunow pur ‘pordde mou o19M sioppel OU], 
 ‘Ino peysep useq pey sureaq Aut 
 ‘Aiqeqoud Aaa ‘asya 10 ‘ueppriqatoy ATJOIIyS sv STqy 
 qnq ‘umop Aoyuou oy} oAtIp 07 suidoy ‘souogs dn 
 Moi} efdood 944 Jo sutog ‘zjeshu yuq ApoqAzoao 
 0} YSnous sno[NoIpId sv YSIS 04} uUoiysonb yno 
 “Y}IA Loj Spoureyq oq 03 yySn0 Apjsnf Aoyy yuryy T op 
 JoyyIou {Surysnvy Avoqitoj you p[nod MOTEq eTqGqvt 
 94} Jeo19yM {4¥9 JOU p[NOM T Voy ow ouTyZed puv 
 
 STHAVGL S:YHAITTING ost 
 
‘41 Moyo 07 Apeor ore LOY} TIT} Pooy 
 
 kareo ueo Aoy yoryM ur soyonod-yooyo oavy skoyuoyy x 
 
 ,‘sdeyo sty Jo opis ou uo seq oY} Jo yno pozeonbs } 
 pey oy sTenjoraA otwos Yynow AU OUT SUTUIOTeIO © 
 fq ‘roy30 oy} YIIM oUt Surpoey puv ‘saedosoy sty Jo — 
 euo ur Aqeq & OYI] OU SUTp[OY “oUIpting & jo ospra — 
 ey} uodn Suty{Is yanN0d 9y} UI Sporpuny Aq WOES Sv © 
 Aoyuow 944 {sdeppv] OJ UvA syuvAos oy} favordn — 
 Uv UL [[e sed sovyed oy} Jo zoqrenb yeyy £ poqyoeaystp f 
 qsoulte SeM filo tood eyy, “yno ow surAadivo sem | 
 ey JUOWLOUL OY} 4B YOLLYS B OATS YOUPOTepunpy parvoy , 
 I ‘smo 07 4xou sem yy} Joor v 07 dn posoqurefo — 
 oy [I ‘yJanoy oy) Ul OU SuIpfoy pue ‘ssoyT 9ouyy ~ 
 uodn SsuryyeM ‘s10}jns puv spve| oy} Uodn souey} puw © 
 ‘UI oULOD PRY 9y YOIYM 9B MOpPUTM oY} 0} dn podvoy — 
 Ajueppus oy wuodnoroyam 4t Sutuedo osom Apog — 
 
 -OULOS JI SB ‘IOOpP-JoSOTO 94 4e osIou B Aq poydnas098zUt 
 SYA OY SUOISIOATP ose} UT “Med JOO STG IIA 
 
 Ayques AIOA vv] AU Sutyorjs uszyo sty Aq ‘sotoeds uMO — 
 SIY JO OU SUNOA B AOJ OU YOO} OY 7VY} OASTTAG OF MOS 
 B91 pOOs OABY T “yurqns 0} juopnad orour 4I yYSnoY) | 
 I 38q} pavy os our pozoonbs oy 9]65nd14S 0} poroyjo — 
 J uoya pue odom@ url ueq7Ty & ITA Op eingeero — 
 
 JO 4408 oules 04} USES CARY T sve qsnf “opyons 07 SuIOS © 
 SI oys pliyo & seop esinu v se OUT POY pUe “oo, — 
 -Ol0J JUS sty ur dn ot yoo} ofF “qno oul pessexp 
 
 pur “(suo1s puv xoryy Area sem ‘q0TO LaqZUNOD eq) ij 
 
 I8T STAHAVUL &:YAAITTAD 
 
jo opel Suroq ‘yory) yvoo Aut Jo yoddey] oy} Jo ploy 
 4ysnvo yySucy 3e oy ‘UITY proav oj oovyd poyjrys Uoqzo 
 I Ysnoyze ‘snow v YIM sAvid oYs Uo seop vd 
 
 «gno oul pesZeip oy ‘100p 04} 48 ur smed sty Jo euo SuIyoOReY_,, 
 
 fiat 
 
 eS 
 
 _—— 
 
 3 
 —_ 
 
 >= 
 
 = ._—— co 
 
 SS ——— 
 
 = dl = 
 
 — 
 <2 
 =. 
 
 \ 
 
 % se “oop oy} 7e ul sed sIy Jo OUO SUTTOVOI ‘pu 
 ‘eur pordso ysvy 4v oY “oULL0q}eYO pus ‘SuluULLs “Sul 
 <lood ur yuods oul} somos Jo}FW “OUP OALT] Ajiseo 
 
 STHAVGL S:AHAITTAD O8T 
 
JUST J sv ‘poq ey} Jepun Jfosfut Teoouod 04 pura 
 Jo eouesedd poyuea J] AVY} YS ev Yyons ozur ou 
 
 ynd ‘opis Atoae 48 ur Suryooy ‘Ceyuow ey 4nq :XOq — 
 
 10 Woot AVI Jo Jousoo JoYJAN} OY} 04 poyeorjor J 
 ‘MOpUrAL AT9AO pu Joop oy} 4” UL Surdoed ‘Aa1s01an9 
 puv oinsvotd yvor1s WAI META 0} potless oy YorAL 
 ‘xoq Aur 0} oulvo OY 4SET 4% [[1} ‘UMop pue dn Surdvoy 
 PUB SULYSIZ [VULUE OMLOSOTTOUJ STy} MES T UEY} pus 
 ‘780s AUL WIJ SULLIYS JOU 4ynq 4no yoo, 07 pen} 
 “UOA J Jod ‘pouLteye YonuTI sem JT YSnoyyye “eorsoyn 
 ‘ 19] }O OY} O} OpIs oUO Wody ynoqe diys pue ‘mopursm 
 JOSOTD OY} 4B UL SoUN0G SUIYJOUIOS pavoy J e1qQR}y 
 Au ye Suyeypout AYomb yes [ sy “AOUSTUAATOD 
 pus ssoUBoIL] S}I Jo osnvoeq ‘poary ATTensn J Yor. 
 ur *xoq ta8s1q AU Jo Loop oy pur SMOPUIA 904} SB 
 To sv ‘uodo 4Jo] seat MOpUTM YosoTo ou} ‘uaIeM AIOA 
 SULOG JOYJVIM OYJ, “YISTA B LO Ssoursnq uodn e1ey 
 “OMOS JUOM OYS O[ITM “Yosojo soy urdn ow pexoo] 
 bey WUpPepunpH “Uoyoyy oy} JO syropo oy Jo 
 oU0 OF pesuofeq oym ‘Aoyuou v WLOAT svAL WLOpsuly 
 VY} UL JUEATOpUN JoA9 J Jesuep qsoyvors oy ing 
 "y80q oY} Jo yno dee] 07 41 poosoy 
 iS¥[ ye pue ‘sy[nos AUL Jo oUO YIIM oTTYM poos v 
 
 q pecueq JT OUOTB 4I YL [Bop OUL Jo] 07 YORTPTEp — 
 “UMTS Pedisop T “AMOF, “*padteoud oq uvO Yea} 
 
 [eulue pouLlojep qsout ey} avedde 41 opeur soanqeoy 
 St JO ssouoesIE] OYJ, “OUIITS snorpo sqI Y4LA satyzOTO 
 
 6LT CTHAVGL S:AHAITTAY 
 
““sgsodand 
 SNOLIBA 10} soipey Aq posn AjIoMLI0J 9zIS OSB, JO uid V x 
 
 puv oovy Am Suiquep ‘premio pue parvayorq ‘proy 
 Au 10A0 usy} pur {4Rvo0q 9Y} JO YSUST oO} J[VY eoUO 
 qe poddoy 41 ur 30S sea Soay oy} UST “SuTUINY 
 -IQAO JUSACIA 0} ‘1940 oY} UO JYSIOM AUT [Te YILA 
 qI SOULTeG 0} PooOJ SBA T Jey} OPIS ouO UO Youu 
 os uve, JI ope pue ‘dn poquirpo ‘eovid-surjsor & 
 Surtees ‘uey} ynq “4eoq Aur oyur ynd svar | Tt} peTeed 
 -uoo Av] Soay oy, ‘Tred sty jo yno dys (4t Sutatoo 
 -10d 40) Bory OSnY ¥B 49] 0} SV SSA[ITVO OS SBAL “1OFBAL 
 ysory yim Avp paryy Atoao ysnory AU TY 0} SBA 
 II COYJO eso ‘sJUBAIOS OY} JO OUO “OUT, JoyJOUY 
 ‘Jorjoa AU OF URI YOUPO[epuNyH [17 Are ey 
 Ul oTppra oy} Aq poy svar ] suyy pue ‘seyooo1q Aut 
 JO purqystva oy} pur qaigs ATI U9EAOq possed urd 
 ayy Jo peoy oy} ‘ cotoetM04s SURULOMOT}UIS poos 
 oy Ul yonys yVq} ,.uId-Suryzs00 v Aq poddojs useq jou 
 pey [| ‘po ey} Ul coURYS SELON] oY} Aq ‘ft ‘10oy 
 oyy uodn yoo} AyloF UMOP UOT[LF Ajquejur oavy 
 plnoys pur ‘siesuy soy Yonoryy dijs 03 poueddey 
 I nq {480q oy} Ut ou cord 04 ‘du our peyjty ATSno1o 
 yo Alaa YoupTepunyy pepuezye oys SSOUIOAOS 
 ay ‘q8nosz, oy} oyUT yeoq Au qnd Suravy soded. 
 ay} Jo ouo ‘Aoy fost] AU OUT 4800 OAVT OF OFT] PLY 
 YOM JUOpIoOoe UB you soUO J PSlOLexo SITY} UT 
 
 ‘STHAVUL S:AHAITTIND SAT 
 
“Arp 0} [reu & HO HT Suny pue 
 
 ‘J@SOTO Joy OUT yvoq Aw yovq porateo skeVMTe you 
 -[Bpuln[y ‘euop pey J wey ‘posvozd [ sv prvoqaey 
 10 pxvoqieys suttooys Aq quae AU poMoys J ory 
 “Y}VOIg ATHY} YILA pAvAroj [res ATH MOTG pTnoaL soSed 
 dey} Jo owos ‘kivem ocom oyy uleyM ‘pure 
 
 “SURF TOY} YIM [VS v oUL GAS SOIpPr] oy} aT 
 
 ‘10048 0} ATUO svA\ ssoursnq Aut uoYyy pure qres Au dn. 
 
 qjnd pmnom 7 sourmewog -Aq1TLSe pur Toys Au IA 
 POUTeI19}US TPA SOATOSUIOY] JYSNoY} oOYAd ‘sorpey 
 doy pu usenb oy} jo yey. se [fom se ‘uorsraATp 
 
 UMO AUL IO MOI 07 posn UOIJo | o10TT ‘Inoy ue JTey 
 
 Ur 3 Ty ATIsvo plnoo syuvases omy pure feyeis mors | 
 
 0} UBSEq JI OYA “197VA OY} INO Jot 07 WOZ40q oy} 
 vou yooo B pey 47 ‘oovred 9Y} JO wOOI J9yNo0 Ue 
 UL T[VM oT} Suole “toog oy} uo peorytd svat ‘OUT VOT 
 
 quorcid 07 ‘peyoud fjam Suraq ‘yor : deep 14510 — 
 pue ‘peor Aqyy “SuoT yoo} peapuny oeaq} Jo ySnos. 
 
 TOpooM ¥B oxvUT 0} JoUTOf 943 pexepaio ayg -qooford © 
 JOY JOUR PeAlijuod a4ojoq pey usonb oy} ang “wood 
 
 JO JUBA OF ‘sIVO 91941] JO ‘sTTNOS omy Au OSeurvUt 10U 
 
 plnoo J o1oyan “Terry yo Ava Aq “4 UL ou WALA “078M 
 FO [MF UlOSIO B OUT ynd oq 07 41 pedepso OY “Bury 
 
 og} 0} dey roy Ur 4 YIM UREA os 4eU] peryStap os 
 stm uoonb 04} poystuy sem 41 uoyM ‘suvedoiny 
 qY4S19 ploy 0} AyUETUDAUOD q[qe “ouIpyoRy sqrt [le | 
 IITA “Gvoq-ensvotd v poystuy sep u0y ur ‘suorjonays _ 
 
 al STHAVGL STHATTING 
 
 SSS 
 
‘(Suvq wos 
 Sofi TL) SeT[TesI9A 7@ SUILIUNO; PeIOyIVAR Po}xBIQo[e0 O18 OI0UL, 
 ‘ainsseid Aq IIe 94} OJUI YSIY pod10j 10jzeM Jo got Y x 
 
 -ut Au Aq puv “URUTYIOM SHOTUISUL Ue SBA MOTIF 
 aL “Ul [es 07 oul oj oovd v opraoad prnom oys 
 pure 41 oxeu prnoys szoutol uMo Joy 4v0q B OATA}UOD 
 Pinos JT Ft ‘pres Aysofvur JopT “stoAtt steyy Jo Aue 
 UI SAT] JOAOU p[NOM ooVUBUL p[Nod T se yvoq & Yons 
 pue ‘sn suowv ivA-jo-uvul 07¥I-ys1y B 07 [enboe svar 
 AqIoyM 4soTTews oy} o10yM ‘A1yUNOD ITE} UL oUOp 
 9q p[noo sIy} Moy oes you p[noo J yng ‘seULIeU 
 UOWMLOD B OYI[ YOM 0} pooroy sem J Yourd v uodn 
 uezo 404 ‘drys oY} 0} 10,00p 10 UOeS.ns oq 0} UE80q 
 pey yuowAojdue sodoaid Aut ysnoyyye zoy {]jom Ar0A 
 Y30q poojsiepunN J 3Vy} poromsuse y 3 4I;voq Aut IF 
 (USIUSAUOD OQ JOU YYCIUL SUIMOL JO OSIOIOXO 9]}4IT 
 % I9q}OYM pur “ivo Ue IO [Ives & oTpURY 0} MOY pooys 
 -Jepun JT JoyjeyM oul poyse ‘A[OYOURTOUL SBA T UOT AL 
 OU JAVAIP 0} SUOISVDD0 ][v 300, puR ‘sosvAOA BOS 
 AUL Jo W[v} OU AVY 07 posn uoiJo oy ‘ueenb oY], 
 ‘JULISIp OTT YST[Sug ues Jey 
 qsvo[ Je 010M JT Yonoyyye 41vjs oul opeUL sv sOUNDG 
 @ Hons oavs “1ooy ployros oy} uo [ef 4L uot ‘pvoy 
 24} puv $ pojsvy[ 41 out oy} zoy Teubo you sv soT]Tes 
 “OA Ye ,nvap-jel yeoIS oY} eYy “Are OY} UL YSIY Os 
 pue‘poojg jo 4y4uenb snorsrpoad v yons dn poqnods 
 Selloyte pue suIOA oY], ‘“ouoyT yooy AyLoy ynoqge 
 
 STHAVAUL 8. aHAITTADN 9AT 
 
JO PIOMS B YIM ‘MOTG B 4B Fo Jno poy sig pue 
 'gsodand ey} 1oy pojoo19 ployeos v uodn areyo @ UL 
 pexy sem Jozovjoreu oy, “ALvUIpsovsyxe oq 4SNUL 
 qu Snoy} J 3VY} SurT}OMIOs oes 07 out poyduie, AzISOLINS 
 fut yok ‘soporjoods Jo pury yous peioyqe J Yonoyyyes 
 ‘jaskul JO} sev puv :poeyIvey-epuc, AT[vInyeU Sse 
 Ys 10] ‘MoNeUTpoUL sey ysurese Youur Az0a ‘Xuedu09 
 ey} JO eq 0} UO poTieaAodd svM YOUPO[epuNTH “eour 
 jurenboe 0} 8ulI} UL §$,UBUIE[} UES Jeyy Jo ouo pecepanul 
 pey OYA UBUL ve JO SBM 4J «“WOT]NOeXe UB 99S 07 FOG 
 Woy} pessord puv oureo ‘ssoudoAos s.osanu AUL 0} 
 moydou sea oy ‘uvuroyjues Sunod ve ‘kep ouc 
 ‘puvjsuq ur Ape, Aue Jo osoqy sev 4ooMs 
 se olam suosied osoym ‘osana AU YoyIPOTepuIN[D 
 pur ‘ssorjstu Aca usonb oy} 0} eorjsn{ sulop a1veq 
 -10J} youuvo J yurod stg} uodg = eqdood sty} jo yeu 
 0} SBM OSUIUL SB OUL 0} pavsod YL OOIU Sv SBA SUI 
 -[jauts Jo Aqnovy sty osoddns J ynq : xos Au Jo 4soul 
 se Lem yeu Aqney of771] se te T Yonoyjye ‘om ynoqe 
 [jews Su013s B Jo uretdutod 0} ‘esto40xe Jo [kop poosd B 
 posn pey [ voy ‘Avp warm B UL WOpeedy OY} Yoo 
 ‘andijv] UL CULUL JO pUOTIy OYVUITIUI UB yey. JooI0F 
 jyouuvo y ‘“Avme poucoms AjoyeIpouMUMT JT Yor 
 zepun ‘soumnyied poesn Soy} uy ueyg} ofqeyazoddns 
 OLOUL YON SVK TJOUIS [VINJVU IIey} punoy JT Te 
 ioyje ‘puy ‘puelsuy ur sn yy ore Aq17enb owes 
 ey} jo ejdood uvy} ‘1oyj0 yous 07 Jo ‘s10A0] J10q} 
 
 Gat STHAVAL S:YHAITTIND 
 
0} B[GvooLsesip o10W OU oIOM suosiod snoriysnq]I 
 esoy} Jey} pue ‘ssoue]s41, Aut 0} uotyzodoad ur eqnoe 
 e10ul sea osuos AW yey} oATOOUOD JT ynq $ yoedser 
 jo dJouuvm ][V@ oAvy JT UWOYA AO; ‘soIpe, yuUETIeO 
 -XO 980} JO OOVIURAPVSIP 9} 0} SpueqUT 10 ‘UOTyUOUT 
 qgou op J Yor ‘fsurys J10y} Wlory oulvO T][ouMIS 
 eAIsueO AIOA B ‘YANI} OY} AVS 07 ‘osnvoeq { poysns 
 SIP YON SVM JT Y}MOLOTA ‘SUIOSOg ICY} UI our 
 Avy uojjo pinom Aoyy, ‘oul SuryoNo, puv Sutees Jo 
 einsvetd oy} eAvy 07 osodand uo “Tey YIM SuoTR oUt 
 SULIQ P[NOM oYs pouisep puv ‘syuoulyIede 1104} 04 
 YouUpo[VpumMypy pexyIAUI UojJo 1OMOY JO spreul oY, 
 ‘UBMS YSTLOU 
 UB ULY} JOSIV] JV AMOUIOS oq 0} potoes “1OquIOMEL 
 UvO J SB IvOU sv ‘YOUUT] SIG], “puvuUtuoD sueonb oy} 
 fq ‘aeuutp roy Avp 4xou wWIY pey JT pur “poou s.parq 
 ey} Yo sunim oy ‘s}URATOS INO Jo ouo Aq poeAoT[or 
 uoos SYM J Jug ‘Od WI 4] OF SuryUIy) souTy 
 AyUOMY SCM J YR} ‘SALTO SI Jo YORer oy} JO yno 
 SEM pue ‘YISUE] ste ye WY ppy T Wonoyy ‘Apoq 
 puv proy Au Jo sapis [JOG UO SOUT SITY YALA Soxoq 
 AUBUL OS OUI OAS ‘F[OSUIIY SUIIEAODL ‘pouuNnys U90q 
 Ajuo pey oyM ‘paiq oy} ‘toaomozT ‘osanu AuA 07 
 ydunt} Ul wy YL ues ‘spuvy Aur YI0q WIT Yoou 
 ey} Aq WIT Suizios puv ‘UMOp WIIG poyoouy [ yeyy 
 youurl @ 4v ATIyonT os yySu0I4s AUL [TV YIM JI Momyy 
 pue Jespno xo1q, wv yoo, [ ‘Avp ouo yng = ‘adojoq 
 
 STHAVUL S:THAITTAD Fa 
 
pip Aoy} sv ‘s[rvus JO suIZOA 10f yUNT 04 “poured 
 -uooun yorq uin} prnoa Aey} uy} puv * Yover ATOyy 
 UIYIIM oNUdA Jou ysanp J Yorgar ‘sxesuy Aut yood 
 0} Surioavepuo ‘ou ysurese uring ATpjoq prnom £oq4 
 spaiq esoy} Jo Luv yoz20 07 poyduieyze J UST “4ST 
 -yeoiq Aut Jofour usare ysnf pey YouUpo[epuunpy 7eVyy 
 eyeo Jo coord wv [fq sty TATA ‘puey Aut Jo yno Yoyeus 
 0} doUepyuoo oy} pey ysnayy v “Ioqmoemor T “woyy 
 Ivou OOM ][V 7B OANYvEID OU JI SB AZLINOeS PUB oDTO 
 ~IOIPUL YONU sv TILA “pooy AoyYJO PUB SULIOM LOZ 
 Suryooy ‘souvystp pavt & uIqALA ynoqe doy prnoa ynq 
 ‘oul JO prvsye [[e 48 oq 07 avodde jou pIp spalq AoT[euUs 
 oN} yey} ‘syyear ArezI[OS OSOT] UT ‘9ATOSQO 0} PoYT}LoUL 
 JO posve[d o10UL OOM JT AOYJOYAL T[9} JouUVS T 
 “‘puvjsuy zood uo surUly) pues ‘oeuo[e 
 SuryTeM sea J sv ‘AoAo ofquinys 07 pouoddey J yor 
 Tieus BJO T[OYS oy} ysureSe ULYS yYSII AUL OYOIq OSTAL 
 Oy] T ‘“soyjojo Aw Surjrods azoz yyesAut osnoxe 01 
 ‘SUlOqMIOWEL YJIOM Jou ‘SIT SULOS pouIOD pur ‘qIIve 
 ey} dn ysvo pey [eullue yey} YOIyA Ysnosyy efor 
 ey} ur yoou Au 0} TOF T ‘T[rtqeTout ysory ew Jo doy 
 oY} 0} SUTYTVA ‘oUt? JOTJOUW “suoTR, sty ut AvMe 
 OU poldavo ATUIe}AI0D OAVY pNOA oy “TorTedse yor} 
 ® Jepun unr pue ‘1osuvy Aut UMBIp ATOJNTOSOL Jou 
 pey [ Ji pue “out ye dooys v opeut uopies oy} 1eA0 
 SULIOAOY O}IY vooug, ‘}FjosAut Aq Jo] SVK T UOTM 
 seull} esoy} ur pouoddey yey} soanqueape AxOnTUN 
 
 Gat STAAVGUL S:YHATTTAY 
 
E[17T] SUIOS TOY WO.AJ poyTRedU0D e1OJo10y} pure ‘UOTY 
 “N[GSOL SIY} JO PIVlJe SUOT USSG PY JT “FSIS roy Jo 
 qno o1njny oy} TOF pvorqe oul 4sn1} 07 JoAOU YORTO 
 Jjepunyty peurmuiojop Ayeynjosqe yuepriooe sIqy, 
 ‘qnoge Oo plnoys A10}S B Fons 4eq} 
 uoreynded Au 10F 0g JOU prnoa 4L9q9nN0g} J ‘FjosAuL 
 0} sv ‘A[nIy pue Sazasue susonb oy} Jo preajye sea 
 [ALS oY} AOFZ “Janoo ye UMOUY JoAOU pue ‘dn poysny 
 sem Suro Ing ‘Sop sty Jo yunoooe uo JoUepaRs 
 ey} pepuvurider Ajo1oA0S OYg ‘“poT[vo eYs UoTAL 
 JoMsuv tou ‘tvedde you pip JT wey soluose Tons0 
 “UL SBM pUPR ‘oul 4JOT OYS o10TA\ GOVT oY} 0} pouANyor 
 pey ow sty} Aq oym ‘osanu opi}, Aut 03 oFes 
 eUL peliivo oy puv JjesAUL 0} OVO T SONUIUL Moz 
 B Ul ‘plomM e yeods Jou pnod [ yey} YyeeIqQ Jo yno 
 puv pozeule OS sv J yng {pip [ AoY ow poyse pue 
 ‘spuvy sty y30q ut dn our yoo} A[jues oY 2 4YSIIZ OTA 
 -10] @ UL SBA ‘OUI IOF SSOUPUTY Jvoid BV pey pure Toma 
 oul MOUY OYA ‘xouepaes aocod oy yng = ‘seq}OTO 
 Aul Suti1v9} weaos JO 4any 4svel, OY} yoy YI09} 
 SI USOMYOG POlLIVD SVA TJ Jey} JYSNey [Te Os MeEq 
 pey oy ounjsoy poos Aq ‘punois oy} uo AT}UeT 
 OU 40S pur {Ie} SITY SULSSvM “104SvUL SIY OF FY STeIYS 
 uel ‘Ynou sig ul om Surye}y pue ‘dn ATyooIrp 
 eulvd jU90S oy} SurMopjoy Sop oyy {Al YT oLoTpAs 
 eorjd oy} avou oSuva 0} pouoddey ‘uepres oy} 0FUI 
 quoprooe Aq 408 Suravy ‘S1ouspresd Joryo oy} JO GUO OF 
 
 STHAVAL S:YHAITTIID GAL 
 
Sutsuojeq ‘erueds 0714.4 ][eus v ‘Survey Jo yno pur 
 ‘qUOSQB SBA OYS OITA ‘eouvzurenboe Joy Jo sorpeyT 
 eUIOS pu SSOUIEAOS JOY YIM ‘suopaes oy Jo qaed 
 JOyJOUB OF JUEA ‘4I SuUTATIVO JO o[qnoI} oY} proae 
 0} ‘ouog ye xoq AU Yo] Sulavy pue ‘(szysnoyy 
 umo Aut Aofuo yystur [ 4ey} ‘op oy sey pozeerue 
 ue}jo T YoryM) sovjd canoes v ul om 4nd pey oys 
 Suragifoq ‘osanu op341] Au usyat ‘uopaeS oumes 04} Ur 
 oul 0} poueddey quopiooe snosesuep o1om v yng 
 ‘W8Y} SINsvetA pue 
 YSIoM 07 snoland os useq Suravy ‘ooustzedxe uodn 
 qlesse uvo T YOIyM ‘odoiny Ur ouO se OST se souUTy 
 perpuny u90}4519 vou ST oUOISTIeY eB ‘suoTyezedo z0y 
 Te ysnoiy} uors0doid owes oy} Sutrasosqo ‘f14un00 
 7eq} UL oInyeu esnvodqg “4e pelopuom oq 0} []e 4¥ SITY 
 SI JeyyoN ‘sA¥p U9} UL peoaqe OF You pfnoo J yey} 
 JOOF 0} pvoy WosZ poesniq os ynq ‘feu -uoME] 
 JO L9p1og B JO opIs-oe] ey4 uo “eovy AuL uO yep Burd] 
 Aq Jfeshur Joyfeys pue “moyz qe uo dees 04 qjrys 
 B Opeul J “eaomoy ‘s]j[eq-sruue, yyLM poyjed useq 
 pey J Ji se ‘Apoq oy zaao {[e ssueq Jonso Yons out 
 OAVS SOUO}S[IVY OY} WAOp sea T uo pue { punoss 
 OY} OF Yonays “Yr Jo coro oyy Aq ‘ATOYeIpoUUMT seA 
 I eq} [Ivy Jo Jomoys quejora we Yons {ey ATUeppns 
 OLY} SUNJUBOUL OY} UT “SSOUIOAOS JOY YIM COURISTP 
 SULOS JV PoY[Ba Ys o[iyM FlosAur 4L0aTp 07 yo] dsseis 
 GIOOUIS V UO OU Jo] YoUpo[epwumpy Avp szeyjouy 
 
 TAT STZAVUL S ALZATITTIND 
 
"moryeoc Aord 
 ey} UCAIS pey JT oesnvoog ‘omsop AU ye pouopard 
 SBA JIVAP OY} pUY “NY 1ey}JO OU poATODII T ynq 
 Soovy AU UO YY UMOp om poYoouy pur ‘dooys 04 
 
 as JOC OY} WO ou IIT aie ey} JO ougO,, 
 
 yy 
 = 
 
 WS 
 
 i iN! 
 
 iti 
 
 ; Hi 
 N x 
 Z % 
 3 2M Ns rainy A hy 
 Ai y co Dy fave 
 nee a y a 
 : a ye 
 
 peouryo J s¥ yowq oy} UO oul IY UloY} Jo UO + SI¥O 
 Au ynoqe Surjquiny owvo ‘Jorreq Jog B SB OSIeT 
 
 STHAVAL S:adAITTAD OT 
 
 { 
 
 4 
 
sv Ivou ULey Jo yore ‘so_dde uezop v yorya Aq “peoy 
 Aya Joao ATOoItp 41 Yooys ‘wey Jo ouo aepun Sut 
 “q[VM sem JT veya Aqrunjzoddo sty Suryoyem ‘onSox 
 Snoforeur oy} “uodnoroy A, “Sino UI seop 4I se 
 eSeNSUL] LOY} UL ploy oj sueddey yorqa ‘seer, ony 
 pure Wy Ueesjoq uorsniTe ATTIS B Aq 414 AUL.MoYsS 
 speeu ysnut J ‘soory-ofdde jaemp outos rvou ‘eye 
 -0} 9sofo SUIeq J pur oy “UMOp ou 4os SurAvY osinu 
 Aut puv ‘suopaes osoy} our Avp ouo sn pomorjoy oy 
 ‘usonb 0%] JOT JIVMP IT} oIOJoq “roquIe MEL I ‘yea 
 0} UMOpP ol qos Jo ‘puvy Joy UI ou ploy pur “41 
 JO JNO OU OFV} SOWTJOMOS pnOA pu¥ ‘xoq sE]TeUIS 
 AW UL 4AN0d OY} JO suOpres oY} OFUT our porIaeO 
 usqJO YOUP[VpUN[y) “oJvJOL 0} oANJUEA ]TeYS J 
 Gory Jo eULOS Fs}Ueplooe oULOSETGNO.I] pue sno|MorprA 
 [B10Aes 04 out posodxe you prey ssouepyyy Aur Jr Ay 
 “unoo yey} ul ysnoue Addey pear] eavy ataoHs J 
 
 “MOT}VSIAV NT 
 OY TAS Sty sMoys JoyjnY eYL—l[vUIMIID & Jo uoNDe 
 “XH OGL—JoqNY oY} 0} poucddey yey} sernqueApyW [ereAog 
 
 ‘A YildVHO 
 
 GOT STHAVAL SATAITTAO 
 
‘yvods 0} UOIsB000 JeT}OUR puy [[BYys [| JoouoyM 
 ‘eryeqyeq ur Aue siy jo yaud mvs ] II} ‘pleyeq a0A0 
 aq p[noo yey} IYSIs prpuctds ysou ey} sea yYSNOYy 
 J peepur yor ‘estoy perpuny eay jo paens vIzTTTUL 
 e Aq ‘e4e3s 410} ‘pepueyze st oy ‘skep uwolos uo 
 pvoige se0S oy uoyM yng ‘YSty JOO} A}XIS 07 ANOF 
 
 STHA VAL S:YHAITTIAD 891 
 
‘OpIA J09J OOT St ‘uopuoT ‘s,[n¥g ‘7g Jo omMOp Jo evfodno ey] “ 
 
 a Woy AT[V1oues 018 Ao} { SoTqeys SIy UI sosioy 
 poipuny xIs 9aoqe sdeoy wopres Aysefeur stp ; 
 
 ‘uoTyeJUSetdert OATJNUIWIIP pUv osTRy 
 
 e Aq ‘Aunfur ue wey} euop pry T 3e4} ure,duto0o op 
 uostvel eAvy ptnom s[doed sty pue sury oy com. 
 pejtusuvty puv “(Wopsury yey} Jo oureu [esou0d 
 oy} SI YOIYM) SvucuIpqolg Jo osensury oy) oyUL 
 poze[suva} oq 03 ueddey prnoys ostyvery sty Jr “Qeyy 
 pue Sower}xe IYO ey} OFUI YonuT 003 una oar 
 [ deez J ‘aunsued YOIyA\ ploav OJ, ‘op 01 pozoodsns 
 USJJO OIB SLOTOABT] SB ‘OTJIIT B posrepUO | Urs. 
 07 ydv oq p[noa o1t4o edeaes & 4svoT 4% { poaory 
 -oq A[paey eq prnoys [ sdeysed ‘saefonaed 0q}0. 
 Auvut yy ‘sytds ey} uo Surman} your Jo syutofl uy 
 ‘soT}JoY puv sjod snorsrpoad oy ‘o7ea8-neyorTy omy 
 oqtdosop plnoys [Jl yng ‘uanjor AU s09TR ‘osodand. 
 UO 19}}¥] OT} podNsvoeu JT JO x: sqneg 3g WR modu 
 oyy sv ‘soovd ue, Aq ‘aprlAr Os yOu st WeAO 4ROIS oul 
 ‘YSIY JOO} porpuny xXIs ynoqe pure “doy 4 porn 
 ‘SuIp[ing e[qou w peepul st ueyoyTy s.Sury ouL 
 ‘ere ATTensn ose JOY 4V UeIpTTYO se ‘puoy fr04 
 
 Se [IIS 0} YoIyA Jo ‘sjoyuit} coy{o Suome dow 
 0} “yexood dey ul ewoY 4I polatvo pur ‘Fororoypury, 
 eur dn yt peddeam yoqyrprepunpy “yy Suey UL YOur | 
 UB puv OO} ANOF ATJowX 4I punoy pure ‘ystqqna ous | 
 
 SAIS 
 
 L9T STHA VEL SUAAITTIND 
 
‘erids Arnqsteg ay} YILA puodses109 07 YSIY 4093 008‘F 
 qeeq 9A p[noys posuoljuoW a190y 10M0} 949 Odouny ur esoyy 
 JO OZIS 94} SOWT} GAA} JNOqe Suleq Svusuipqoig ur syool 
 qO ‘Ysty 400} POF SI [eApouyeO Aanqsiyvg Jo outds oy, x 
 
 Suoure poatoorodun Avy, pur ‘sonjzejs osoyy Jo ouo 
 MOI UMOP UIT[RJ pey YOM JooUy 91491] V pornsvout 
 [ ‘soyoru [Bteaes ttey} ur poovyd ‘of, oyy ueyy 
 oSAL] o[qdeM ur yno ‘sio1oduIe puv spos Jo sonqzeys 
 YJIM SopIs [Tv UO pousope pue ‘oaenbs yooy Aqa0F 
 jnoge sl yove jootoyM ‘ouoys UMOY Jo 4[ING ‘YOIYy 
 JOO} poipuny uve Avou av S][VM OY} JOY “YSuetys 
 pue Aynveq ut dn opeu Aydure si 4ySrey Ul syuBAL 
 JOMO} SNOUIL] SIt{} JOAZVYLA\ FLY “pomoT[e oq JSNUL 
 WI ‘positqo Ajoulerjxo jJ[eSAUL vopeTmouyoe [[eYys | 
 ‘amy AU SuLINp “YOM 04 ‘UOTPVU ¥B WOA; JORIJOp 04 
 qou ng ,‘e[doeqs Aanqsyeg 07 (dequemes ATU SII 
 I }}) uonasodoad ut yenbo [je ye sou ‘uorPeITUIpe 
 oy 19jyvur yvors ou st ‘odoany ur sn pue efdood 
 QSOY} JO OZIS OY} U9IMJOq OOUEIOTJIP OY} LOJ SUIMOTTL 
 ‘gorym {doz opvuuird ysoy.sry oy} 0} punois oyy 
 Woy Surmoyoor “oof pursnoyy eet} eaoqe you SI 
 qyuSrey ayy 10g § poquroddestp xorq euro y Avs ATNAy 
 Kew [ ynq “soyyry} ew perso esanu Au Avp euOo 
 AiSurpaoooy =“ WOpSULY ey} Ul 4SoYySTY oY} pouoyood 
 SE YO ‘41 0} Sursuojoq 100} oy} Ayarfnoraed 
 pue ‘ojdutoy joryo oj 998 07 snoldsop AdeA Svat ] 
 
 ‘STHAVUL S:THAITTAD 991 
 
‘Wj[B0y [eNSN Joy UI JON » 
 
 a 
 
 ‘uses ATJUSTUOA 
 
 “U00. O40 9G FY SIUL | yey ‘puey s0y UI OU Oye} 07 
 pure ‘doys sietveq oy} oxvU 07 ySnoue yuesre|duiod: 
 SCM [ILS 04} puv ‘Uepes oY} JNOGe PMOJO 0} sNoTIND 
 AIGA 010M “OUL JO pivey uoyJo pey oym ‘ofdood 
 eyL “Adteat, sueenb oy} ut sieq30 omy Aq popuey 
 “ye pue ‘usu anoy Aq ousog ‘AayuNOo oy} Jo UOTYSeT 
 ey} 10378 ‘uvpes uedo jo pury v ur dey 10y Ul prey 
 qoupolepuinysy yorya ‘yosopo Surpoaeay Aur ur shemye 
 SBM JI ‘UMO} OY} 99S 0} PUIUL Y pey J deAouOy AA 
 ‘oul esodwoostp YON you pIp “UETOTA 
 
 AIGA SOUTJOTIOS YSnoyy[e ‘suoMow osoyy ‘soSefoa 
 
 BOS 0} pesn SUCT seq SuLAvY PUY “youoo oy 
 1O es10Y OY} JO UOT}eIISe OY} Aq JnoGe posso} SuTEq 
 quoaord 04 “ooy ey} 07 pomosos ATVvou ‘oTqeq v puL 
 SUTBYD OM} “Sulfloo oy} Woay Suny yoourwey v pur 
 peq-pley B “Yosopo sty} ur ‘pey J ‘sMopuUTA 9eay) ATH 
 Wor} “SopIs vary} uo AujUNCd oy} Jo yoodsoad qnz & 
 pey J e104} pur ‘uly e10Joq uorysno ev uodn 41 eord 
 pure *xoq AUI UO eTyoOnq p[noM yoeqessoy UO yUeAIES 
 % “yovoo oy} Jo Arvom sem J uoym ‘sfouanol uy 
 UMO AU JO Jou AUR UY} doavz sorjsofeut dteqy Jo 
 qunosow uodn eaow esoddns 7 { stsoyjo yseyved8 044 
 SuoWe potes}so puv UMOUY oq 04 uvsoq WOOS J 1OJ 
 x: Jop1o Jo yno eq 07 poueddey yorrpoyepumpy ueya 
 ‘q4N09 04} UL e7eIs Jo Jo4sTUIME JO ApeT yeorS outos 
 
 ¢9T STHAVGL S.YHAITTAD 
 
4 qista ev Avd «20 ‘suopies oy} 908 0} pesodstp o10AA 
 10 ‘sessorsoid toy} ut uoonb puke Suty oy} popueyye 
 [ teqjoya ‘apyuod pl[noo ] woYyA\ UI yUBAdeS AYSnI4 
 OABIG OUIOS JO SOYJO OY} SABVA\[ SBA SIT], “JSIBA 
 3y ynoge YW peyyonq pur 4Joq Uaoyyeey, wv ur ynd 
 yovqesioy uo oq 0} pul B pLy | USA ‘oul potduBd 
 yey} uosied oy} YOM Ysnoiyy ‘poxy 19a sopdyys 
 SU0IS OM} ‘MOPUIAL OU peYy Yoru ‘opls YJINo;Z 
 343uQ ‘sXouinol Suc] ur syuSplooR quUoAeId 04 ‘apis 
 4NO 9} UO AIIM UOUL ILA Poor}}e] SBAL AMOPULA TORE 
 pus ‘sotenbs oq} Jo 9014} Jo 8[pprul 94} UI MOpUTA 
 B UJI olenbs Jowxe UB SBA JOSO[D SUTTOARI} SIT, 
 ‘QOUBALIJUOD Y[OYA\ OY} UI poyoodip JT WIOTA “4sTJAV 
 ates 94} Aq peu SVA\ JI { YOROD 9Y} UT sMOSIEquIN 
 pue ‘d¥] $.qoU][O]BpUINTS) IO} VSIVT 00} YVTMOTUOS SBAL 
 19q}O VY} 9SNVIEq : SUITOAVAY JO BOUDTUDATOD OY} OF 
 ‘YsIy uo, pus ‘orenbs 4ooj Atos} ynoqge Jo ‘ow OJ 
 apvUl oq 0} 9UO JOT[BUIS B posopso Usenb oy} ‘ported 
 Ayyensn sea J YOM Ur xoq vd1v] oY} OpIsog 
 ‘yoruoys Au pouring Ajooz10ed 
 Jl 484) SnOoesneU OS SBM 4YSIS 04} ‘peopul ‘Ysnoyy]es 
 ‘drys oy}. ul om puryoq ye, Apojontun J yorma 
 ‘squowumnaysui sadoad pey py J Jl ‘Wey} Jo 9U0 JoosSsIpP 
 0} Ysnoue snolmns useq eAry plnoys J pue “preyeq 
 IOAO pey ] yay oy} o1oM AOYT, ‘OUTMS OXI] poqoor 
 feyt yoy yiIM ‘sjnous steyy puke ‘edoososorut 
 % ysno1y} esnoy uvedoiny ue jo 9soyq} uvyy 10730q 
 
 STHA VAL S:YHAITTLD POL 
 
‘sv ooeds yonur se Adnoo0 of, x 
 
 youu ‘edo payvu AUI IIA UTULIAA say} Jo squuTy ou) 
 ATJOUI}STp vas Prnoo J ‘Seqj}O[O Il9y} UO SuUTTMe.Ad VdIT 
 oY} SBA [[B FO JYSIS [Nfo}BYy jsour oy yng “YySty 
 oof AjUaAM} Jnoqe Yore ‘sat Wapoom Fo afdnoa v U}EAL 
 Toyjoue pue ‘syoudjoom say uey} tasivy ‘yoou sty ur 
 U9 B U}IM MOT[OF BSBA JOY, ‘sayog Fo [nT pue 
 ‘OZI8 SNOIJSUOUL ¥& 0} paT[aas Ysvorq Joy UT re0ue ay 
 B YIM UBUIOM B SBA alo], “preyeq ofa qstSugh 
 UB I9AI JVY} Sepoejoods o[qIa10y jsout oY} OUT a. 
 pue “yovoo oy} Fo septs ay} 0} pepMo.o ‘Sypunyzoddo 
 Tray} Surpoyem ‘sie8Saq oy} oroym ‘sdoys [B1oA0s 
 ye dojs 0} uvwtyovoa ano pedtapio ssott.taA03 ouy 
 Aep ouQ “yoexa Aaa oq JouuRd T “IOAOMOY ‘qSuq, 
 OS Loyjeso}[e Jou Jnq “[[eTT Jo}sururjssAy FO oan 
 oY} Jnoqe oq 0} Yovoo amo pouoyoat JT ‘s}oor}s ot 
 Ssuoje possed om sv “ofdoad oy} pu sasnoy ou} AOLA 
 A[jUeTMeAMOD oLOW 4YyStUL T 4vy} ‘puey soy ut out 
 ploy puew 4no ou oye} UajyZO prnom ‘atisap uMO AU 
 ye FaIts oy} Ysnoyye {xoq Aut UI patties ‘Ayred rr) 
 jo sheMye sea J pue {sdoys oy} Suoue oF 10 TaN} 
 SY} 988 0} JNO Jay Yoo} ATjuenbeafz ssoursa0s roy ur 
 “o1oyM “OUL PUB YO}TPO[RPUNLL) 0} pamMorye sBAd ovoa 
 VY  ‘worsodord ur suoy pue peorq pue “Yysty }00R 
 AjLOFZ pus petpuny om} ATTe9Uas are suToor yarya 
 oy} :punod soylut wsAes ynoqe ‘seurpyinq Fo dvoq 
 
 S9L STHAAVUL S FTAAITTAD 
 
ue jnq ‘esoyIpe azeinsor1 ou st coved sSury oy, 
 “ATqOBxXe 
 Ayjeid 41 pornsvout ‘otvos oyy Aq Suryndutroo ‘pur 
 ““Joojoreq SOUT} [BL9AOS OUDIOJUMOITO puR JoJOUIeIp 
 ey} poord 7 :4ooy poupuny uv pepuezxe pur ‘our 
 1oy osodind uo punors oY} UO pIeT SVM YOIYM “Iops0 
 ssury oy} Aq opem ‘deur yetor oy} ut Jposku 
 poinsvewl J sve ! yypvorq Ul jyVy ve pue omy pur “(soyTUt 
 Ysijsuy anoj-AqJy ynoqe oyvut yorum) shunpbuozb 
 9014} YJCUST UI SI 47 ‘s}URIIGeyUL puesnoy} pop 
 -uny xIS ynoqe puv ‘sosnoy puvsnoy} AjYo1e GAOGe 
 ‘SUuIv}U0D YT «= ‘Y.ono.ry sessed vy} AOATI 94} Opis Toe 
 ‘uo ‘sqzed yenbo oa4 ysowye uodn spuvys A410 SIqy, 
 ‘PNIS[NIQIO'T oqitosep 0} JuoToyyNs oq Avur 41 “lopvet 
 ‘snotamo Aur Aystyes OF, ‘sose]]IA Jo Joquinu yvors 
 ‘@ puv ‘sUMO} poT][vA\ porpuny ue avou ‘seTyIO 90 
 
 -ATy SuUTeyUOO 4I TOF ‘poziqeyur [jaa st AtjJUNOD OTT, 
 “PULTUIOIL) Ul 1961] 
 qe MoUIOs SU dds OALY J Tonoyy][e “wITY poysn.sstp 
 ‘ssousiq 94} ‘pooepul ‘yUIg} JT JOJ $4 JO puos svar oY 
 ‘OALaSqo Jou pIp T nq ‘Aye B OJ possed ory ‘oTq'e9 
 ‘s.Sury oy) 4% YSIp & UI UIST} JO CUO MBS T : pnas[naq 
 I0JT 0} siodmey ut yysnorq ore Loy] ‘AzISOIIND IOJ 
 ‘souII}oUIOS puv { stopnoys sty uodn ouo Aravo ATprey 
 ‘plnoo uvur & yey} 9oNvT OS UMOUY OAvY JT SoTeqM 
 esoyy, ‘Apavey uo poog ofdoed uourutoo oy4 Gory 
 “‘Syoor oy} ysurese poysep oq 07 suoddey yeu oyey 
 
 fod 
 
 STHAVUL S:YLATTTND “91 
 
‘Bvusulpqoig jo Lor}#ULI0J NOG 
 pus uopisod ey} Surmoys dem v pey suomtipe ATI¥0 oN], * 
 
 b 
 2 oye} Loy} ‘uey} pue Mou “IoAOMOT ‘sxoqdosoyrqd 
 Aq peulullojop oq 0} suOsvat 94} OARET T YOryAs jo 
 ‘gU9UT} MOO SITY} 07 peuyUoo AT[OY A SI “HTN B Aveurp10 
 “B14X9 O8 Jo s[BUTIUe pue syuryd Jo UOTONpod OY} UT 
 ‘OINYVU YVY} JSojTUvUT St 4T Aqodoyar $ Suryoqeo qHOAs, 
 you Ajjuonbesuco puv ‘edoingq ut @S04} W4IAt ozIs 
 OWS 04} JO ov YSY-vos OY} osnvoeq ‘ves oY} OTT 
 Aue jos topes Aoy4 Aoj $ ySy yUaTTeoxe Wit. punoge 
 puv S[essea JO ][N} ol SIOALI OSULT OY ING “ppOAL 
 04} JO 4Set 0} YIM sdo1eMMIOD Aue WOIT popnya” 
 “xo ATToya ore ojdoed esoyy yey} os {syv0q IToy} JO 
 IsoT[BUs OY YALA SuLMyUeA OU st 0104} 4eU “YSnod 
 os A][V1oUeS vos oY} puR ‘syoor poyutod Jo [TNT os OB 
 ONSST SIOATT OY} YOIYAL OFUL S}sBoo oY} Jo syued esoy, 
 pue : Wopsuly [oy 04} UI 410dves ouO 4ou St e10uL 
 “uve00 9y} Aq pepunog SI 41 SopIs 19q40 90.11} O44 UG 
 Te ye payiqeyur oq Aoyy aAoYyjoyA sO ‘sulejUNOU 
 esoyy puodkeq zIqeyUI s[eytouL Jo 4108 4eTLM MOUX 
 pouree] JSOUL oY4 Op JeyyIoU : sdoq 04} Wodn soouRdTOA 
 ey} Jo uosver Aq ‘oyqussedut s0yjoSoq[e ere YOryA 
 ‘ysry soprut 444143 surejgunow Jo espa e Xq ysvoujs0"u 
 O47 OF pozyrurutsey ,“efusutued wv st uOpSury ey], 
 ‘QOURYSISSE 
 AUL Wey} pus] 04 Aprea oq Tleys ] lovey “eoteury 
 
 19. STHAVAL § YHAITTOD 
 
© syed ySoMYOU OY] OF pu] JO Jourly 4SBA SITY 
 jururof Aq ‘sjavyo pur sdeut «ttey} yOo1L00 04 yYSNO 
 fay} adojosoy} pue ‘Aueqiey, JO JUUTZUC. yvols 
 7 ostod19}UNOD 07 YIALvE JO doULTRG B Oq JSNUL o10T]} 
 ey} ‘uotuido AU JOAO SBAL YT “LOZ + BIUMOFTTEO pus 
 rede uceMjoq ves yng Sulqjou sutsoddns Aq 10110 
 eoi8 v ur oie odoin Jo sieydvisoes ino yey} epnyo 
 Uoo ynq jouUvO [ ‘BOUSYA WoAj : YJpVeIq Ul OAY OF 
 1} WO] PUB ‘YYSUST UI So[Iw puvsnoy} XIS ynoqe 
 oyoror suotutmop seoutad sty} JO JUS}xX TOM 
 J, ‘“MOUOody SY SUIMEIA WOU poulNjod Aysofeut 
 IY [[} poAvys a10y} pus ‘sossorsoud sty UI Bury oyy 
 gorurdm1oo0v oYs TOYA JoyANJ JUOM L9A0T “popuezye 
 sABa\yR [ Moya ‘uoonb oy} ao} ‘ stjodosjou ot} pnas 
 {niqioyT puNod soTTUL puRSsNOY} OM4 9AOGE JOU SBA 
 QoIy “4 UL PO[SAVBI} T SV IBZ SB ‘a1qunood sty} JO WOT} 
 diiosep JOYS B Jopved of} PAIS 0} pUuezUl ALON J 
 
 ‘peqiosep e[dway, 
 jaiyd eyy—sZureavsy jo A4vm Sdoyyny ey ,—siodo1j90 ft 
 gyi JO JuNOOe eTIOs puY ‘sdB/ed s,3uly oyl—sdeyy 
 G1spom Zuryos1100 10¥J jesodoid y—poqiiosep Arjgunop eI, 
 
 “AI YALAVHO 
 
 STHAVUL S:AHATITTAO O9T 
 
‘UOpuOT Ul UOTININSUL TY » 
 
 ‘JJOSATI IOF YJANOF OYF 
 doy pur ,“ese][o9 WeYseds) 0} WI9T} JO cody} OARS 
 puvpougq 07 unjor Aux uodn ‘odoiny jo syaed peroaos: 
 UL ‘SOT}ISOLIND 10Y}O SUIOS YAIA “‘Weyy WMOYS souls 
 SUIABY PUB ‘{[B Woy} pearesoad AT[NJorvo T ‘seTpee t | 
 se davys se pue “Suol Jey e pue your ue woyy 
 punoj ‘ssurys rey Jno x00} [ {sespraqaed sv oBrvy] sv 
 O1OM SoINyvalO Soy, “Mopura AuA ynYS ATUESeId T | 
 pur ‘Ava 409 ysar oy} nq ‘WeYy} Jo anoy peyoyedsop 
 
 69T STAAVUL S:YUAATITTIOAD 
 
snu} yeas uvo sorg Moy poure[dxe ATL10jo¥JsSIyeS 4oA 4OU SI 4] + 
 wee ere th remem n st) 
 Toy} JO LO1do} ysouryn oy} ur ew Surznd pue “osiou 
 IY} YIIM OU Sutpunojuoo ‘vovy pus peoy Au ynoqe 
 Mop suoyjo $AvMe Teowoooid 4 poltavo pur “oxeo 
 {ur pozies wey} Jo oWlog ‘sodidsvq AuvuL sv jo 
 oUOIpP OY} ULI) Jopnoy Surwuny ‘wood oy} OFU! SUT 
 AY ourvo ‘yous oy} Aq poanyye ‘sdsva AyuoAy oA0ge 
 ‘qsvjyvo1g AW LOZ OYVO Joos Jo oooid wv vo OF 9]q¥4 
 Aut 72 WA\Op yes pure ‘soyses AuL Jo euo dn posi] pey 
 f ioqye (puepsuy ur sedvo YyIA op adi sv ‘MOpUTAL 
 ay} JO INO [leu v UO SUNY oq XOq Of} 49] OF OANJUOA 
 jou 4Sinp J JOJ) are our OATS 04 ‘sXep arey UL pIp 
 Ayrensn oys sv ‘mopura v uodn xoq Au UT oul Jos Pry 
 gourpyepuunpy wey “SurutoW eUO “Iequioter J 
 ‘podiuipe yonut svar Ayt10}xep AU Uledoy AL 
 ‘gre oy} ur smog ou} sv ‘ojtuy AUL qITAL sooord 
 UI Woy} yno oj svar Apowlod APL ‘usonb oy} WeArp 
 pur om uoqyystay oy esodand uo ‘esou Aw Jdepun 
 Ajueppns yno wey} Jo] pue ‘sn Suowe op sfoqjooyos 
 se ‘pury SI UL s}oosUT esoy} JO JoequinuU B YOIBO OF 
 JAVMP OY} JO doIjOVId UOWUIOD OY} SVK YT “CORT Aut 
 Uo oulvo Loy} Udy SUTJRIS AvEqJOF JOU p[Noo pu 
 ‘sremitue o[qujisojop eset} ysurece Jjesht puejep 0} 
 ope youu pey T=, surtpreo v uodn pavadn yoy I10q4 
 YJIA yea 0} sounyvesro asoyz se;qvud ‘sn [[o} S}ST[PA 
 ‘NYRU INO “YOITA ‘19}]VUL SNOOSTA JY} OBL} ATISvo 
 
 STHAVUL S:UHAITTIDD 8¢i 
 
plnoo J pue $ Ayeatsueyo AdOA SUT[[OWS ‘yomnb oY} OF 
 
 exqeysuug: 
 ye JYSnVo G1 YOY JO S1squinu ese] ‘yAvjAYs uoMMIOD Vy 
 eur Sunjs oy} oto ‘peoyortoy to ssou Aww uodn x} 
 pinom aq} semrjeutos pur ‘spengora Au uodn WYys1yB 
 
 SOUITJOUIOS pnoa ASU, ‘Stva OUTUL ynoqe Surzznq 
 pue Surmmny yenuyuoo ateyy yt “ouuIp ye 4es 
 I Oty ysor Auv ot oavsd ATpavy yyART o[qeysun cl 
 ®@ SB SIQ SB Woy} Jo Yove ‘s}oesUT SNOIpo ssey} pue 
 $1OWUINS UL SOIT] [ILM podozsod Yonur st mopsuly 
 OUT, :SIY}Z SBA. WOISv00 oYT, {Jj [esdur sv SpAvMoo 
 qvols SB otaM Adjunoo Au Jo eTdood oy} soqjeqA 
 QUI FSB OJ posn sys pur ! ssoutnyavez Au Jo qunovoe | 
 uodn uvsenb oy} Aq porter Ayyuenbeay sem J 
 ‘oulddiya punos & ueyy jueuystund 10440 | 
 
 ou pey ‘Ayevouquo AU 4v JaRMp oy], “WoryIpuoo pes 
 
 ays 
 
 % UL SayoveIq puY sSuLyooys Au A[UO ‘pep[eos you 
 
 a 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 se ‘yng “qno Aid 0} OT MOTOG 41 YYSNOY J TOF our i 
 
 a10M Soot AU ‘JOU Zvou AIEy4 Jos WOptes seoutid 
 
 JO eulOdDq SBA\ YeYAL MoUH oUo AUR oLOJoq eqNUTUT 
 @ IVOU SVM JI OATIOQ JT ‘ednSy snopnotpta Aas 
 @ OpeUl pue ‘oUt OTIOS JOT Yonys T V9 Ad “ASTRAL fu | 
 GAOQK GUOG-MOLLVUL OY} OUI Wey} pocpoma 103030} | 
 sdet Aut Sutzoonbs ‘pur ‘spueg yjoq ut dn om 100g 
 ‘STVOU 4B OU JO o1¥vd BYL} 0} UO Poo}s OYS [00}8 OYT 
 peyunoul ‘pivoqepis 944 0} oUo0s sem qoupopepun[D 
 eTrga Aqiunqioddo stq Suryorea Gaemp ey ‘onoyell 
 
 A | STHA VAL StH AITTAD 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS 213 
 
 poor girl was so ill as to be confined to her chamber. 
 T longed to see the ocean, which must be the only 
 scene of my escape, if ever it should happen. I pre- 
 tended to be worse than I really was, and desired 
 leave to take the fresh air of the sea, with a page 
 whom I was very fond of, and who had sometimes 
 been trusted with me. I shall never forget with 
 What unwillingness Glumdalclitch consented, nor 
 the strict charge she gave the page to be careful of 
 me, bursting at the same time into a flood of tears, 
 as if she had some foreboding of what was to 
 happen. The boy took me out in my box, about 
 half an hour’s walk from the palace, toward the 
 rocks on the seashore. I ordered him to set me 
 down, and lifting up one of my sashes, cast many a 
 wistful, melancholy look toward the sea. I found 
 myself not very well, and told the page that I had 
 & mind to take a nap in my hammock, which I 
 hoped would do me good. I got in, and the boy 
 shut the window close down, to keep out the cold. 
 [ soon fell asleep, and all I can conjecture is, that 
 while I slept the page, thinking no danger could 
 happen, went among the rocks to look for birds’ 
 2ggs, having before observed him from my window 
 searching about, and picking up one or two in the 
 ‘lefts. Be that as it will, I found myself suddenly 
 awaked with a violent pull upon the ring, which 
 
214 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 was fastened at the top of my box for the con- 
 veniency of carriage. I felt my box raised very 
 high in the air, and then borne forward with 
 prodigious speed. The first jolt had like to have 
 shaken me out of my hammock, but afterward the 
 motion was easy enough. I called out several times 
 as loud as I could raise my voice, but all to no 
 purpose. I looked toward my windows, and could 
 see nothing but the clouds and sky. I heard a 
 noise just over my head, like the clapping of wings, 
 and then began to perceive the woeful condition I 
 was in; that some eagle had got the ring of my box 
 in his beak, with an intent to let it fall on a rock, — 
 like a tortoise in a shell, and then pick out my body, 
 and devour it: for the sagacity and smell of this — 
 bird enable him to discover his quarry at a great 
 distance, though better concealed than I could be ; 
 within a two-inch board. | 
 
 In a little time I observed the noise and flutter 
 of wings to increase very fast, and my box was — 
 tossed up and down, like a sign* in a windy day. I 
 heard several bangs or buffets, as 1 thought, given — 
 to the eagle (for such, I am certain, it must have 
 been that held the ring of my box in his beak), and 
 then, all on a sudden, felt myself falling perpen: — 
 dicularly down for above a minute, but with such : 
 
 * That is a swinging signboard. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 215 
 
 incredible swiftness that I almost lost my breath. 
 My fall was stopped by a terrible squash, that 
 sounded louder to my ears than the cataract of 
 Niagara; after which I was quite in the dark for 
 another minute, and then my box began to rise so 
 high that I could see light from the tops of my 
 windows. I now perceived that I was fallen into 
 the sea. My box, by the weight of my body, the 
 goods that were in it, and the broad plates of iron 
 fixed for strength at the four corners of the top and 
 bottom, floated above five foot deep in water. I 
 did then, and do now, suppose that the eagle, which 
 flew away with my box, was pursued by two or 
 three others, and forced to let me drop, while he 
 was defending himself against the rest, who hoped 
 to share in the prey. The plates of iron fastened at 
 the bottom of the box (for those were the strongest) 
 preserved the balance while it fell, and hindered it 
 from being broken on the surface of the water. 
 Every joint of it was well grooved; and the door 
 did not move on hinges, but up and down like a 
 sash, which kept my closet so tight that very little 
 water came in, I got, with much difficulty out of 
 my hammock, having first ventured to draw back 
 the slip-board on the roof, already mentioned, con- 
 trived on purpose to let in air, for want of which I 
 found myself almost stifled. 
 
216 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 How often did 1 then wish myself with my dear 
 Glumdalclitch, from whom one single hour had so 
 far divided me! And I may say with truth, that, 
 in the midst of my own misfortunes, I could not for- 
 bear lamenting my poor nurse, the grief she would 
 suffer for my loss, the displeasure of the queen, and 
 the ruin of her fortune. Perhaps many travelers 
 have not been under greater difficulties and distress 
 than I was at this juncture, expecting every mo- 
 ment to see my box dashed in pieces, or, at least, 
 overset by the first violent blast, or a rising wave. 
 A breach in one single pane of glass would have : 
 been immediate death: nor could anything have 
 preserved the windows, but the strong lattice wires, 
 placed on the outside, against accidents in traveling. 
 I saw the water ooze in at several crannies, although 
 the leaks were not considerable, and I endeavored 
 to stop them as well as I could. I was not able to 
 lift up the roof of my closet, which otherwise I 
 certainly should haye done, and sat on the top of it; 
 where I might at least preserve myself some hours 
 longer, than by being shut up (as I may call it) in 
 the hold. Or, if I escaped these dangers for a day © 
 or two, what could I expect but a miserable death 
 of cold and hunger? I was four hours under these 
 circumstances, expecting, and indeed wishing, every 
 moment to be my last. 
 
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. S17 - 
 
 I have already told the reader ‘that there were 
 two strong staples fixed upon that side of my box 
 which had no window, and into which the servant, 
 who used to carry me on horseback, would put a 
 leathern belt, and buckle it’ about his waist. Being 
 in this disconsolate state, I heard, or at least 
 thought I heard, some kind of grating noise on that 
 side of my box where the staples were fixed; and 
 soon after I began to fancy that the box was pulled 
 or towed along in the sea; for I now and then felt 
 a sort of tugging, which made the waves rise near 
 the tops of my windows, leaving me almost in the 
 dark. This gave me some faint hopes of relief, al- 
 though I was not able to imagine how it could be 
 brought about. I ventured to unscrew one of my 
 chairs, which were always fastened to the floor; 
 and having made a hard shift to screw it down again, 
 directly under the slipping-board that I had lately 
 opened, [ mounted on the chair, and, putting my 
 mouth as near as I could to the hole, I called for 
 help in a loud voice, and in all the languages I 
 understood. I then fastened my handkerchief to a 
 stick I usually carried, and, thrusting it up the hole 
 waved it several times in the air, that, if any boat 
 or ship were near, the seamen might conjecture 
 some unhappy mortal to be shut up in this box. I 
 found no effect from all I could do, but plainly 
 
218 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 ~ 
 
 perceived my closet to be moved along ; and in the 
 
 space of an hour, or better, that side of the box 
 
 where the staples were, and had no windows, struck 
 against something that was hard. I apprehended it 
 to be arock, and found myself tossed more than 
 ever. I plainly heard a noise upon the cover of my 
 closet like that of a cable, and the grating of it as it 
 passed through the ring. I then found myself 
 hoisted up, by degrees, at least three foot higher 
 than I was before. Whereupon I again thrust up 
 my stick and handkerchief, calling for help till I was 
 almost hoarse. In return to which I heard a great 
 shout repeated three times, giving me such trans- 
 ports of joy as are not to be conceived but by those 
 who feel them. I now heard a trampling over my 
 head, and somebody calling through the hole with 
 a loud voice, in the English tongue, if there be any- 
 body below, let them speak. I answered, I was an 
 Englishman, drawn, by ill fortune, into the greatest 
 calamity that ever any creature underwent, and 
 begged, by all that was moving, to be delivered out 
 of the dungeon I was in. The voice replied, I was 
 safe, for my box was fastened to their ship, and the 
 carpenter should immediately come and saw a hole 
 in the cover, large enough to pull me out. I an- 
 swered, that was needless, and would take up too 
 much time; for there was no more to be done, but 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 219 
 
 let one of the crew put his finger into the ring, and 
 take the box out of the sea into the ship, and so into 
 the captain’s cabin. Some of them, upon hearing 
 me talk so wildly, thought I was mad; others 
 laughed ; for indeed it never came into my head 
 that I was now got among people of my own 
 stature and strength. The carpenter came, and, in 
 a few minutes, sawed a passage about four foot 
 square, then let down a small ladder, upon which I 
 mounted, and from thence was taken into the ship 
 in a very weak condition. 
 
 The sailors were all in amazement, and asked me 
 a thousand questions, which I had no inclination to 
 answer. I was equally confounded at the sight of 
 so many pigmies, for such I took them to be, after 
 having so long accustomed mine eyes to the mon- 
 strous objects I had left. But the captain, Mr. 
 Thomas Wilcocks, an honest, worthy Shropshire- 
 man, observing I was ready to faint, took me into 
 his cabin, gave me a cordial to comfort me, and 
 made me turn in upon his own bed, advising me to 
 take a little rest, of which I had great need. Before 
 I went to sleep I gave him to understand that ] 
 had some valuable furniture in my box, too good 
 to be lost; a fine hammock—an nandsome field bed 
 —two chairs—a table—and a cabinet. That my 
 closet was hung on all sides, or rather quilted with 
 
220 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 silk and cotton; that, if he would let one of the 
 crew bring my closet into his cabin, I would open 
 it there before him, and show him my goods. The 
 captain, hearing me utter these absurdities, con- 
 cluded I was ravinz; however (I suppose to pacify 
 me), he promised to give order as 1 desired, and go- 
 ing upon deck, sent some of his men down into my 
 closet, from whence (as I afterward found) they 
 drew up all my goods, and stripped off the quilting ; 
 but the chairs, cabinet, and bedstead, being screwed 
 to the floor, were much damaged by the ignorance 
 of the seamen, who tore them up by force. Then 
 they knocked off some of the boards for the use of 
 the ship, and when they had got all they had a 
 mind for, let the hull drop into the sea, which, by 
 reason of many breaches made in the bottom and 
 sides, sunk to rights.* And, indeed, I was glad not 
 to have been a spectator of the havoc they made, 
 because I am confident it would have sensibly 
 touched me, by bringing former passages into my 
 mind, which I had rather forget. 
 
 I slept some hours, but perpetually disturbed with 
 dreams of the place I had left, and the dangers I had 
 escaped. However, upon waking, 1 found myself 
 much recovered. It was now about eight o’clock 
 
 “ 
 
 * Directly, or at once. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 221 
 
 at night, and the captain ordered supper immedi- 
 ately, thinking I had already fasted too long. He 
 entertained me with great kindness, observing me 
 not tolook wildly, or talk inconsistently ; and, when 
 we were left alone, desired I would give him a 
 relation of my travels, and by what accident I came 
 to be set adrift in that monstrous wooden chest. 
 He said that about twelve o’clock at noon, as he 
 was looking through his glass, he spied it at a dis- 
 tance, and thought it was a sail.* which he had a 
 mind to make,+ being not much out of his course, 
 in hopes of buying some biscuit, his own beginning 
 to fall short. That, upon coming nearer, and find- 
 ing his error, he sent out his long-boat to discover 
 what it was; that his men came back in a fright, 
 swearing that they had seen a swimming house. 
 That he laughed at their folly, and went himself in 
 the boat, ordering his men to taxe a strong cable 
 along with them. That the weather being calm, he 
 rowed round me several times, observed my win. 
 dows, and the wire lattices that defended them. 
 That he discovered two staples upon one side, which 
 was all of boards, without any passage for light. 
 He then commanded his men to row up to that side, 
 and fastening a cable to one of the staples, ordered 
 
 * A ship. t Come close to 
 
222 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 them to tow my chest, as they called it, toward the 
 ship. "When it was there, he gave directions to 
 fasten another cable to the ring fixed in the cover, 
 and to raise up my chest with pulleys, which all the 
 sailors were not able to do above two or three foot. 
 He said they saw my stick and handkerchief thrust 
 out of the hole, and concluded that some unhappy 
 man must be shut up inthe cavity. IT asked whether 
 he or the crew had seen any prodigious birds in the 
 air about the time he first discovered me? To 
 which he answered, that discoursing this matter 
 with the sailors while I was asleep, one of them said 
 he had observed three eagles flying toward the 
 north, but remarked nothing of their being larger 
 than the usual size; which, I suppose, must be im- 
 puted to the great height they were at; and he 
 could not guess the reason of my question. I then 
 asked the captain how far he reckoned we might 
 be from land? He said, by the best computation 
 he could make, we were, at least, an hundred 
 leagues. I assured him that he must be mistaken by 
 almost half, for I had not left the country from 
 whence I came above two hours before I dropped 
 into the sea. Whereupon, he began again to think 
 that my brain was disturbed, of which he gave me 
 a hint, and advised me to go to bed in a cabin he 
 had provided. I assured him I was well refreshed 
 
 a 
 
 : 
 ’ 
 | 
 ' 
 ! 
 q 
 : 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 223 | 
 
 with his good entertainment and company, and as 
 much in my senses as ever I was in my life. He 
 then grew serious, and desired to ask me freely, 
 whether I were not troubled in mind by the con- 
 sciousness of some enormous crime, for which I was 
 punished, at the command of some prince, by expos- 
 ing me in that chest; as great criminals, in other 
 countries, have been forced to sea in a leaky vessel, 
 without provisions ; for although he should be sorry 
 to have taken so ill a man into his ship, yet he 
 would engage his word to set me safe on shore at 
 the first port where we arrived. He added that his 
 suspicions were much increased by some very 
 absurd speeches J had delivered at first to the sailors, 
 and afterward to himself, in relation to my closet 
 or chest, as well as by my odd looks and behavior 
 while I was at supper. 
 
 I begged his patience to hear me tell my story, 
 which I faithfully did, from the last time I left 
 England to the moment he first discovered me. 
 And as truth always forceth its way into rational 
 minds, so this honest, worthy gentleman, who had 
 some tincture of learning and very good sense, was 
 immediately convinced of my candor and veracity. 
 But, further to confirm all I had said, I entreated 
 him to give order that my cabinet should be brought, 
 of which I had the key in my pocket; for he had 
 
324 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 already informed me how the seamen disposed of 
 my closet. I opened it in his own presence, and 
 showed him the small collection of rarities 1 made 
 in the country from whence I had been so strangely 
 delivered. There was the comb I had contrived 
 out of the stumps of the king’s beard, and another 
 of the same materials, but fixed into a paring of her 
 majesty’s thumb-nail, which served for the back. 
 There was a collection of needles and pins, from a 
 foot to half a yard long; four wasp’s stings, like 
 joiner’s tacks; some combings of the queen’s hair ; 
 a gold ring, which one day she made me a present 
 of, ina most obliging manner, taking it from her ~ 
 little finger, and throwing it over my head like a — 
 collar. I desired the captain would please to accept ! 
 this ring in return of his civilities, which he abso- 
 lutely refused. I showed him a corn that I had cut 
 off, with my own hand, from a maid of honor’s toe ; 
 it was about the bigness of a Kentish pippin, and 
 grown so hard that, when I returned to England, © 
 I got it hollowed into a cup, and set in silver. — 
 Lastly, I desired him to see the breeches I had then 
 on, which were made of a mouse’s skin. 
 
 I could force nothing on him but a footman’s 
 tooth, which I observed him to examine with great 
 curiosity, and found he had a fancy for it. He re- 
 ceived it with abundance of thanks, more than such 
 
GULLIVER'S TRAVHLS. 925 
 
 a trifle could deserve. It was drawn by an unskill- 
 ful surgeon in a mistake, from one of Glumdal- 
 clitch’s men, who was afflicted with the toothache, 
 but it was as sound as any in his head. I got it 
 cleaned, and put it into my cabinet. It was about 
 a foot long and four inches in diameter. 
 
 The captain was very well satisfied with this plain 
 relation I had given him, and said he hoped when 
 we returned to England, I would oblige the world 
 by putting it on paper and making it public. My 
 answer was that I thought we were already over- 
 stocked with books of travels; that nothing could 
 now pass which was not extraordinary; wherein I 
 doubted some authors less consulted truth than 
 their own vanity, or interest, or the diversion of 
 ignorant readers; that my story could contain little 
 beside common events, without those ornamental 
 descriptions of strange piants, trees, birds, and other 
 animals; or of the barbarous customs and idolatry 
 of savage people, with which most writers abound. 
 However, I thanked him for his good opinion, and 
 promised to take the matter into my thoughts. 
 
 He said he wondered at one thing very much, 
 which was, to hear me speak so loud; asking me 
 whether the king or queen of that country were 
 thick of hearing? I told him it was what I had 
 been used to for above two years past, and that I 
 
226 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 admired* as much at the voices of him and his men, 
 who seemed to me only to whisper, and yet I could 
 hear them well enough. But when I spoke in that 
 country it was like a man talking in the street to 
 another looking out from the top of a steeple, unless 
 when I was placed on a table, or held in any person’s 
 hand. I told him I had likewise observed another 
 thing, that, when I first got into the ship, and the 
 sailors stood all about me, I thought they were the 
 most contemptible little creatures I had ever beheld. 
 For, indeed, while I was in that prince’s country I 
 could never endure to look in a glass after mine eyes 
 had been accustomed to such prodigious objects, be- 
 cause the comparison gave me so despicable a conceit 
 of myself. The captain said that while we were at 
 supper he observed me to look at everything with 
 a sort of wonder, and that I often seemed hardly 
 able to contain my laughter, which he knew not 
 well how to take, but imputed it to some disorder 
 in my brain. I answered, it was very true: and I 
 wondered how I could forbear when I saw his dishes 
 of the size of a silver threepence, a leg of pork hardly 
 a mouthful, a cup not so big as a nutshell; and so f 
 went on, describing the rest of his household stuff 
 
 * Wondered: an old usage of the word, still common in 
 America. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. QT . 
 
 and provisions after the same manner. For, although 
 the queen had ordered a little equipage of all things 
 necessary for me, while I was in her service, yet my 
 ideas were wholly taken up with what I saw on 
 every side of me, and I winked at my own little- 
 hess as people do at their own faults. The captain 
 understood my raillery very well, and merrily 
 replied with the old English proverb, that he doubted 
 mine eyes were bigger than my belly, for he did not 
 observe my stomach so good, although I had fasted 
 all day ; and, continuing in his mirth, protested he 
 would have gladly given an hundred pounds to have 
 seen my closet in the eagle’s bill, and afterward in 
 its fall from so great a height into the sea; which 
 would certainly have been a most astonishing object 
 worthy to have the description of it transmitted to 
 future ages: and the comparison of Phaéton* was 
 so obvious that he could not forbear applying it, 
 although I did not much admire the conceit. 
 
 The captaix, having been at Tonquin, was, in his 
 return to England, driven northeastward to the lat- 
 itude of 44 degrees, and longitude of 143. But, 
 meeting a trade-wind two days after I came on 
 board him, we sailed southward a long time, and, 
 
 * Phaéton, or rather Phaéthon, was a character of Greek 
 mythology, who, driving the horses of the sun, was struck by 
 lightning and fell into the river Po. 
 
228 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 coasting New Holland, kept our course west-south. 
 west, and then south-southwest, till we doubled the 
 Cape of Good Hope. Our voyage was very pros- 
 perous, but I shall not trouble the reader with a 
 journal of it. The captain called in at one or two 
 ports, and sent in his long-boat for provisions and 
 fresh water; but I never went out of the ship till 
 we came into the Downs, which was on the third 
 day of June, 1706, about nine months after my 
 escape. I offered to leave my goods in security for 
 payment of my freight; but the captain protested 
 he would not receive one farthing. We took kind 
 leave of each other, and I made him promise he 
 would come to see me at my house in Redriff. | 
 hired a horse and guide for five shillings, which | 
 borrowed of the captain. 
 
 As I was on the road, observing the littleness of 
 the houses, the trees, the cattle, and the people, I 
 began to think myself in Lilliput. I was afraid of 
 trampling on every traveler I met, and often called 
 aloud to have them stand out of the way, so that I 
 had like to have gotten one or two broken heads for 
 my impertinence. 
 
 When I came to my own house, for which I was 
 forced to inquire, one of the servants opening the 
 door, 1 bent down to go in (like a goose under a 
 gate), for fear of striking my head. My wife ran 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVRELE. 929 — 
 
 out to embrace me, but I stooped lower than her 
 knees, thinking she could otherwise never be able 
 to reach my mouth. My daughter kneeled to ask 
 my blessing, but I could nct see her till she arose, 
 having been so long used to stand with my head and 
 eyes erect to above sixty foot; and then I went to’ 
 take her up with one hand by the waist. I looked 
 down upon the servants, and one or two friends who 
 were in the house, as if they had been pigmies and 
 Ia giant. I told my wife she had been too thrifty, 
 for I found she had starved herself and her daugh- 
 ter to nothing. In short, I behaved myself so unac- 
 countably that they were all of the captain’s opinion 
 when he first saw me, and concluded I had lost my 
 wits. This I mention as an instance of the great 
 power of habit and prejudice. 
 
 In a little time I and my family and friends came 
 to a right understanding; but my wife protested I 
 should never go to sea any more; although my evil 
 destiny so ordered that she had not power to hinder 
 me, as the reader may know hereafter. In the 
 meantime I here conclude the second part of my 
 unfortunate voyages, 
 
pan 
 
 40 —e os 
 
 cu fe) rit ry ua i 
 
 st Ney atte ‘asi now vnneritel 
 wd abr ALM Tsecae hit SER 
 pmo brionty Set ak " 
 
 haba ia ; as hy 
 
 at ii tis she: ipermesiors Rote: 
 ‘ we tat cee evade c ‘bile 
 | ped: ott! Liaw Uist Dat 
 owns cee toarcay hoinasdya’. 5 oe ait 
 ay Boing’ Find ott Sig 
 i ae deat Deut habalincn Betty 
 are) i S40 to soandtal neee & 
 “es isdalh Sea Waa buibitenets past pd Yoon | 
 abe myers Sachi: agin elses { ; 
 - fos paseo acne span Aad Sg RD i vis: 
 Desens eelinenad at fs Pe é 
 syoltonnlat eeniowtieat ery cnivty dangetiabey dana ares fi 
 ein ab) hagined cee gse 
 we he: Pair ioeaann walt t 
 yi hay aye he: nla foe } 
 park sae Oe a phan aha " 
 aM, My ‘il vy — 
 
 ee 
 
 A ata 
 
PART ITI. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI. 
 LUGGNAGG, GLUBBDUBDRIBB, 
 AND JAPAN. 
 
Sk 
 
 Abend 
 
 bette % 
 4) A fy a < 
 
 errs 
 
 a ee 
 
 Bo 4 
 
 es a0 
 ‘ay ¥ ' 
 maa M * 
 
PART IIL 
 
 A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI, 
 LUGGNAGG, GLUBBDUBDRIBB, 
 AND JAPAN. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The Author sets out on his third Voyage—Is taken by Pirates 
 —The malice of a Dutchman—His arrival at an Island— 
 He is received into Laputa. 
 
 I wap not been at home above ten days when 
 Captain William Robinson, a Cornish man, com- 
 mander of the Hopewell, a stout ship of three 
 hundred tons, came to my house. I had formerly 
 been surgeon of another ship, where he was master 
 and a fourth-part owner, in a voyage to the Levant. 
 He had always treated me more like a brother than 
 an inferior officer; and, hearing of my arrival, made 
 me a visit, as I apprehended, only out of friendship, 
 for nothing passed more than what is usual after 
 long absences. But, repeating his visits often, ex- 
 pressing his joy to find me in good health, asking, 
 whether I were now settled for life? adding, that 
 
234 GULLIVER’S. TRAVELS. 
 
 he intended a voyage to the East Indies in two 
 months; at last he plainly invited me, though with 
 some apologies, to be surgeon of the ship; that I 
 should have another surgeon under me, besides our 
 two mates; that my salary should be double to the 
 usual pay; and that having experienced my knowl- 
 edge in sea affairs to be at least equal to his, he 
 would enter into any engagement to follow my 
 advice as much as if I had share in the command. 
 
 He said so many other obliging things, and [ 
 knew him to be so honest a man, that I could not re- 
 ject his proposal ; the thirst I had of seeing the world, 
 notwithstanding my past misfortunes, continuing 
 as violent as ever. The only difficulty that re- 
 mained was to persuade my wife, whose consent, 
 however, I at last obtained, by the prospect of 
 advantage she proposed to her children. 
 
 We set out the 5th day of August, 1706, and 
 arrived at Fort St. George* the 11th of April, 1707. 
 We stayed there three weeks to refresh our crew, 
 many of whom were sick. From thence we went 
 to Tonquin, where the captain resolved to continue | 
 some time, because many of the goods he intended 
 to buy were not ready, nor could he expect to be 
 
 * An old name of Madras, the fort or citadel of the town 
 - being so named. 
 
Bos: 
 
 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 230 
 
 despatched in some months. Therefore, in hopes 
 to defray some of the charges he must be at, he 
 bought a sloop, loaded it with several sorts of goods, 
 wherewith the Tonquinese usually trade to the 
 neighboring islands, and putting fourteen men on 
 board, whereof three were of the country, he ap- 
 pointed me master of the sloop, and gave me power 
 to traffic while he transacted his affairs at Tonquin. 
 
 We had not sailed above three days, when a great 
 storm arising, we were driven five days to the north- 
 northeast, and then to the east; after which we 
 had fair weather, but still with a pretty strong gale 
 from the west. Upon the tenth day we were chased 
 by two pirates, who soon overtook us; for my sloop 
 was so deep laden that she sailed very slow, neither 
 were we in a condition to defend ourselves. 
 
 We were boarded about the same time by both 
 the pirates, who entered furiously at the head of 
 their men; but, finding us all prostrate upon our 
 faces (for so I gave order), they pinioned us with 
 
 _ strong ropes, and, setting a guard upon us, went to 
 _ search the sloop. 
 
 I observed among them a Dutchman, who seemed 
 to be of some authority, though he was not com- 
 mander of either ship. He knew us by our coun- 
 tenances to be Englishmen, and, jabbering to us in 
 his own language, swore we should be tied back to 
 
936 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 back, and thrown into the sea. I spoke Dutch 
 tolerably well; I told him who we were, and begged 
 him, in consideration of our being Christians and 
 Protestants, of neighboring countries in strict alli- 
 ance, that he would move the captains to take some 
 pity on us. This infiamed his rage; he repeated 
 his threatenings, and, turning to his companions, 
 spoke with great vehemence in the Japanese 
 language, as I suppose, often using the word 
 Christianos. 
 
 The largest of the two pirate ships was com- 
 manded by a Japanese captain, who spoke a little 
 Dutch, but very imperfectly. He came up to me, 
 and, after several questions, which I answered in 
 great humility, he said we should not die. I made 
 the captain a very low bow, and then, turning to the 
 Dutchman, said I was sorry to find more mercy in a 
 heathen than in a brother Christian. But I had 
 soon reason to repent those foolish words; for that 
 malicious reprobate, having often endeavored in 
 vain to persuade both the captains that I might be 
 thrown into the sea (which they would not yield to, 
 after the promise made me that I should not die), 
 however, prevailed so far as to have a punishment 
 inflicted on me, worse, in all human appearance, 
 than death itself. My men were sent by an equal 
 division into both the pirate ships and my sloop new 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 237 
 
 manned. As to myself, it was determined that I 
 should be set adrift in a small canoe, with paddles 
 and a sail, and four days’ provisions; which last the 
 Japanese captain was so kind to double out of his 
 own stores, and would permit no man to search me. 
 I got down into the canoe, while the Dutchman, 
 standing upon the deck, loaded me with all the 
 curses and injurious terms his language could 
 afford. 
 
 About an hour before we saw the pirates I had 
 taken an observation, and found we were in the 
 latitude of 46 N. and longitude of 183.* When I 
 was at some distance from the pirates I discovered 
 by my pocket-glass several islands to the southeast. 
 I set up my sail, the wind being fair, with a design 
 to reach the nearest of those islands, which I made 
 a shift to do in about three hours. It was allrocky: 
 however, I got many birds’ eggs; and striking fire, 
 I kindled some heath and dry seaweed, by which 
 I roasted my eggs. I eat no other supper, being re- 
 solved to spare my provisions as much asI could. I 
 passed the night under the shelter of a rock, strow- 
 ing some heath under me, and slept pretty well. 
 
 The next day I sailed to another island, and — 
 thence to a third and fourth, sometimes using my 
 
 * This would be not very far south of the Aleutian Islands, 
 in the North Pacific. 
 
238 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 sail, and sometimes my paddles. But not to trouble : 
 the reader with a particular account of my dis- 
 tresses, let it suffice that on the fifth day I arrived 
 at the last island in my sight, which lay south-south- 
 east to the former. 
 
 This island was at a greater distance than I ex- 
 pected, and I did not reach it in less than five hours. 
 I encompassed it almost round, before I could find 
 a convenient place to land in; which was a small 
 creek, about three times the wideness of my canoe. 
 I found the island to be all rocky, only a little 
 intermingled with tufts of grass and sweet-smelling 
 herbs. I took out my small provisions, and, after 
 having refreshed myself, I secured the remainder in 
 a cave, whereof there were great numbers; I 
 gathered plenty of eggs upon the rocks, and got a 
 quantity of dry seaweed and parched grass, which I 
 designed to kindle the next day, and roast my eggs 
 as well as I could; for I had about me my flint, 
 steel, match, and burning-glass. I lay all night in 
 the cave where [ had lodged my provisions. My 
 bed was the same dry grass and seaweed which I 
 intended for fuel. I slept very little, for the dis- 
 quiets of my mind prevailed over my weariness, and 
 kept me awake. I considered how impossible it was 
 to preserve my life in so desolate a place, and how 
 miserable my end must be. Yet I found myself so 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 239 
 
 listless and desponding that I had not the heart to 
 rise ; and, before I could get spirits enough to creep 
 out of my cave, the day was far advanced. I 
 walked a while among the rocks: the sky was per- 
 fectly clear, and the sun so hot that I was forced 
 to turn my face from it; when, all ona sudden, it 
 became obscure, as I thought, in a manner very dif- 
 ferent from what happens by the interposition of a 
 cloud. I turned back, and perceived a vast opaque 
 body between me and the sun, moving forward 
 toward the island: it seemed to be about two miles 
 high, and hid the sun six or seven minutes; but I 
 did not observe the air to be much colder, or the 
 sky more darkened, than if I had stood under the 
 shade of a mountain. As it approached nearer over 
 the place where I was, it appeared to be a firm sub- 
 stance, the bottom flat, smooth, and shining very 
 bright, from the reflection of the sea below. Istood 
 upon a height about two hundred yards from the 
 shore, and saw this vast body descending almost to 
 a parallel with me, at less than an English mile dis- 
 tance. I took out my pocket perspective,* and 
 could plainly discover numbers of people moving up 
 and down the sides of it, which appeared to be 
 sloping: but what those people were doing I was 
 not able to distinguish. 
 
 * Telescope. 
 
240 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 The natural love of life gave me some inward 
 motions of joy, and I was ready to entertain a hope 
 that this adventure might, some way or other, help 
 to deliver me from the desolate place and condition 
 I was in. But at the same time the reader can 
 hardly conceive my astonishment to behold an 
 island in the air, inhabited by men who were able 
 (as it should seem) to raise or sink, or put it into a 
 progressive motion, as they pleased. But not being 
 at that time ina disposition to philosophize upon 
 this phenomenon, I rather chose to observe what 
 course the island would take, because it seemed for 
 awhile to stand still. Yet, soon after, it advanced 
 nearer, and I could see the sides of it encompassed 
 with several gradations of galleries, and stairs, at 
 certain intervals, to descend from one to the other. 
 In the lowest gallery I beheld some people fishing 
 with long angling rods, and others looking on. I 
 waved my cap (for my hat was long since worn out) 
 and my handkerchief toward the island; and upon 
 its nearer approach I called and shouted with the 
 
 utmost strength of my voice; and then looking cir- — 
 
 cumspectly, I beheld a crowd gather to that side 
 which was most in my view. I found by their 
 pointing toward me, and to each other, that they 
 plainly discovered me, although they made no return 
 to my shouting. But I could see four or five men 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 241 
 
 running in great haste up the stairs, to the top of 
 the island, who then disappeared. I happened 
 rightly to conjecture that these were sent for orders, 
 to some person in authority, upon this occasion. 
 The number of people increased, and in less than 
 an hour the island was moved and raised in such a 
 manner that the lowest gallery appeared in a parallel 
 of less than a hundred yards distance from the 
 height where I stood. I then put myself into the 
 most supplicating postures, and spoke in the humblest 
 accent, but received no answer. Those who stood 
 nearest over against me seemed to be persons of dis- 
 tinction, as I supposed by their habit. They con- 
 ferred earnestly with each other, looking often upon 
 me. At length one of them called out in a clear, 
 polite, smooth dialect, not unlike in sound to the 
 Italian ; and, therefore, I returned an answer in that 
 language, hoping at least that the cadence might be 
 more agreeable to his ears. Although neither of us 
 ‘understood the other, yet my meaning was easily 
 known, for the people saw the distress I was in. 
 _ They made signs for me to come down from the 
 tock, and go toward the shore, which I accordingly 
 did; and the fiying island being raised to a con- 
 ‘venient height, the verge directly over me, a chain 
 ‘was let down from the lowest gallery, with a seat 
 ‘fastened to the bottom, to which I fixed myself, and 
 (was drawn up by pulleys. 
 
 j 
 
942 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The humors and dispositions of the Laputians described—An { 
 account of their Learning—Of the King and his Court— — 
 The Author’s reception there—The Inhabitants subject to { 
 fears and disquietudes—An account of the Women. : 
 
 Art my alighting I was surrounded by a crowd of 
 people, but those who stood nearest seemed to be of i 
 better quality. They beheld me with all the marks 
 and circumstances of wonder; neither, indeed, was L 
 much in their debt, having never till then seen a 
 race of mortals so singular in their shapes, habits, ! 
 and countenances. Their heads were all inclined 
 either to the right or the left; one of their eyes 
 turned inward, and the other directly up to the 
 zenith. Their outward garments were adorned with 
 the figures of suns, moons, and stars; interwoven 
 with those of fiddles, flutes, harps, trumpets, guitars 
 harpsichords,* and many more instruments of musi¢ 
 unknown to us in Europe. I observed here and 
 there many in the habit of servants, with a blown 
 bladder fastened like a flail to the end of a short 
 
 * An old form of the piano. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 243 
 
 stick, which they carried in their hands. In each 
 bladder was a small quantity of dried peas, or little 
 pebbles, as I was afterward informed. With these 
 bladders they now and then flapped the mouths and 
 ears of those who stood near them, of which practice 
 I could not then conceive the meaning. It seems the 
 minds of these people are so taken up with intense 
 speculations that they neither can speak, nor attend 
 to the discourses of others, without being roused by 
 some external taction* upon the organs of speech 
 and hearing; for which reason those persons who 
 are able to afford it always keep a flapper (the orig- 
 inal is climenole) in their family as one of their 
 domestics; nor even walk abroad, or make visits, 
 without him. And the business of this officer is, when 
 two or three more persons are in company, gently 
 to strike with his bladder the mouth of him who is 
 to speak, and the right ear of him or them to whom 
 the speaker addresseth himself. This flapper is 
 likewise employed diligently to attend his master in 
 his walks, and upon occasion to give him a soft flap 
 on his eyes; because he is always so wrapped up in 
 cogitation that he is in manifest danger of falling 
 down every precipice, and bouncing his head against 
 every post; and in the streets of jostling others, or 
 being jostled himself, into the kennel. 
 
 _-_- --~-- 
 
 * Touch, contact, 
 
244 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 It was necessary to give the reader this informa- 
 tion, without which he would be at the same loss 
 with me to understand the proceedings of these peo- 
 ple, as they conducted me up the stairs to the top 
 of the island, and from thence to the royal palace. 
 While we were ascending they forgot several times 
 what they were about, and left me to myself, till 
 their memories were again roused by their flappers, 
 for they appeared altogether unmoved by the sight 
 of my foreign habit and countenance, and by the 
 shouts of the vulgar, whose thoughts and minds were 
 more disengaged. 
 
 At last we entered the palace, and proceeded into 
 the chamber of presence, where I saw the king 
 seated on his throne, attended on each side by per-_ 
 sons of prime quality. Before the throne was a_ 
 large table filled with globes and spheres and math- 
 ematical instruments of all kinds. His majesty took | 
 not the least notice of us, although our entrance was 
 not without sufficient noise, by the concourse of all _ 
 persons belonging to the court. But he was then 
 deep in a problem; and we attended at least an hour . 
 before he could solve it. There stood by him, on_ 
 each side, a young page with flaps in their hands, 
 and when they saw he was at leisure, one of them ; 
 gently struck his mouth, and the other his right : 
 ear; at which he started like one awaked on the ; 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 245 
 
 sudden, and looking toward me and the company I 
 was in, recollected the occasion of our coming, 
 whereof he had been informed before. He spoke 
 some words, whereupon immediately a young man 
 with a flap came up to my side and flapped me 
 gently on the right ear; but I made signs, as well 
 _as I could, that I had no occasion for such an instru- 
 
 -ment, which, as I afterward found, gave his majesty 
 _and the whole court a very mean opinion of my un- 
 derstanding. The king, as far as I could conjecture, 
 asked me several questions, and I addressed myself 
 to him in all the languages I had. When it was 
 found that I could neither understand nor be under- 
 stood, I was conducted by the king’s order to an 
 apartment in his palace (this prince being distin- 
 guished above all his predecessors for his hospitality 
 to strangers), where two servants were appointed to 
 attend me. My dinner was brought, and four per- 
 sons of quality, whom I remembered to have seen 
 very near the king’s person, did me the honor to 
 dine with me. We had two courses of three dishes. 
 each. In the first course there was a shoulder of 
 mutton cut into an equilateral triangle, a piece of 
 beef into a rhomboid,* anda pudding into a cycloid. 
 
 * A four-sided figure with the opposite sides parallel, one 
 pair longer thau the other pair, and the angles not right 
 angles. +A geometrical figure resembling a 
 semicircle with the curve flattened. 
 
246 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 The second course was two ducks trussed up into the 
 form of fiddles ; sausages and puddings, resembling 
 flutes and hautboys, and a breast of veal in the shape 
 ofa harp. The servants cut our bread into cones, 
 
 cylinders, parallelograms, and several other mathe- 
 
 matical figures. 
 While we were at dinner I made bold to ask the 
 
 names of several things in their language, and those — 
 noble persons, by the assistance of their flappers, — 
 
 delighted to give me answers, hoping to raise my ad- 
 
 miration of their great abilities, if I could be brought 
 
 to converse with them. I was soon able to call for 
 bread and drink, or whatever else I wanted. 
 
 After dinner my company withdrew, and a person 
 
 was sent to me by the king’s order, attended by a 
 flapper. He brought with him pen, ink, and paper, 
 and three or four books, giving me to understand by 
 signs that he was sent to teach me the language. 
 We sat together four hours, in which time I wrote 
 down a great number of words in columns, with the 
 
 translations over against them; I likewise made a 
 shift to learn several short sentences. For my tutor © 
 would order one of my servants to fetch something, — 
 or turn about, to make a bow, to sit, or stand, or | 
 walk, and the like. Then I took down the sentence ‘ 
 in writing. He showed me also, in one of his books, — 
 the figures of the sun, moon, and stars, the zodiac, : 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 247 
 
 the tropic and polar circles, together with the de- 
 nominations of many figures of planes and solids. 
 He gave me the names and descriptions of all the 
 musical instruments, and the general terms of art in 
 playing on each of them. After he had left me I 
 placed all my words, with their interpretations, in 
 alphabetica: order. And thus, in a few days, by the 
 help of a very faithful memory, I got some insight 
 into their language. 
 
 The word, which [I interpret the flying or floating 
 island, is in the original Zaputa, whereof I could 
 never learn the true etymology. Zap, in the old 
 obsolete language, signifieth high; and wntwh, a 
 governor ; from which, they say, by corruption, was 
 derived Laputa, from Zapuntuh. But I do not ap- 
 prove of this derivation, which seems to be a little 
 strained. I ventured to offer to the learned among 
 them a conjecture of my own, that Laputa was 
 quasi* lap outed ; lap signifying properly the danc- 
 ing of the sunbeams in the sea, and outed, a wing, 
 which, however, I shall not obtrude, but submit to 
 the judicious reader. 
 
 Those to whom the king had intrusted me, observ- 
 ing how ill I was clad, ordered a tailor to come next 
 morning, and take my measure for a suit of clothes. 
 
 * A Latin word meaning as if, as it were 
 
248 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 This operator did his office after a different manner 
 from those of his trade in Europe. He first took 
 my altitude by a quadrant, and then, with rule and | 
 compasses, described the dimensions and outlines of 
 my whole body, all which he entered upon paper; — 
 and, in six days, brought my clothes, very ill made, — 
 and quite out of shape, by happening to mistake a 
 figure in the calculation. But my comfort was, that — 
 I observed such accidents very frequent, and little — 
 regarded. 
 During my confinement, for want of clothes, and — 
 by an indisposition that held me some days longer, — 
 I much enlarged my dictionary ; and when I went 
 next to court, was able to understand many things ; 
 the king spoke, and to return him some kind of an-_ 
 swers. His majesty had given orders that the island ‘ 
 should move northeast and by east to the vertical q 
 point over Lagado, the metropolis of the whole } 
 kingdom below, upon the firm earth. It was about. i 
 ninety leagues distant, and our voyage lasted four q 
 days and a half. 1 was not in the least sensible of — 
 the progressive motion made in the air by the © 
 island. On the second morning, about eleven © 
 o’clock, the king himself in person, attended by — 
 his nobility, courtiers, and officers, having prepared Li 
 all their musical instruments, played on them for q 
 three hours without intermission, so that I was t 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 249. 
 
 quite stunned with the noise; neither could I possi- 
 bly guess the meaning, till my tutor informed me. 
 He said that the people of their island had their 
 ears adapted to hear the music of the spheres,* 
 which always played at certain periods, and the 
 court was now prepared to bear their part, in what- 
 ever instrument they most excelled. 
 
 In our journey toward Lagado, the capital city, 
 his majesty ordered that the island should stop over 
 certain towns and villages, from whence he might 
 receive the petitions of his subjects. And, to this 
 purpose, several packthreads were let down, with 
 small weights at the bottom. On these packthreads 
 the people strung their petitions, which mounted up 
 directly, like the scraps of paper fastened by school- 
 boys at the end of the string that holds their kite. 
 Sometimes we received wine and victuals from be- 
 low, which were drawn up by pulleys. 
 
 The knowledge I had in mathematics gave me 
 great assistance in acquiring their phraseology, 
 which depended much upon that science and music ; 
 and in the latter I was not unskilled. Their ideas 
 are perpetually conversant in lines and figures. If 
 they would, for example, praise the beauty of a 
 
 * A music, imperceptible to ordinary ears, supposed by the 
 
 Greek philosopher Pythagoras to be produced by the motions 
 of the heavenly bodies. 
 
290 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 woman, or any other animal, they describe it by 
 rhombs,* circles, parallelograms, ellipses, and other 
 geometrical terms, or by words of art drawn from 
 music, needless here to repeat. I observed, in the 
 king’s kitchen, all sorts of mathematical and musical 
 instruments, after the figures of which they cut up 
 the joints that were served to his majesty’s table. 
 Their houses are very ill built, the walls bevel, 
 without one right angle in any apartment; and this 
 defect ariseth from the contempt they bear to prac- 
 tical geometry, which they despise as vulgar and 
 mechanic; those instructions they give being too 
 refined for the intellectuals+ of their workmen, 
 which occasions perpetual mistakes. And although 
 they are dexterous enough upon a piece of paper, in 
 the management of the rule, the pencil, and the 
 divider,t yet, in the common actions and behavior 
 of life, I have not seen a more clumsy, awkward, 
 and unhandy people, nor so slow and perplexed in 
 their conceptions upon all other subjects, except 
 those of mathematics and music. They are very 
 bad reasoners, and vehemently given to opposition, 
 unless when they happen to be of the right opinion, 
 which is seldom their case. Imagination, fancy, and 
 
 ——— aug 
 
 * Figures of a diamond shape. 
 + Mental powers ; intellects, 
 { Pair of compasses. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 251. 
 
 invention, they are wholly strangers to, nor have 
 they any words in their language by which those 
 ideas can be expressed ; the whole compass of their 
 thoughts and mind being shut up within the two 
 fore-mentioned sciences. 
 
 Most of them, and especially those who deal in 
 the astronomical part, have great faith in judicial 
 astrology,* although they are ashamed to own it 
 publicly. But what I chiefly admired,+ and thought 
 altogether unaccountable, was the strong disposition 
 I observed in them toward news and politics, per- 
 petually inquiring into public affairs, giving their 
 judgments in matters of state, and passionately dis- 
 puting every inch of a party opinion. JI have indeed 
 observed the same disposition among most of the 
 mathematicians I have known in Europe, although 
 I could never discover the least analogy between 
 the two sciences; unless those people suppose that 
 because the smallest circle hath as many degrees as 
 the largest,} therefore the regulation and manage. 
 ment of the world require no more abilities than 
 the handling and turning of a globe; but I rather 
 
 * The exploded science or art of foretelling future events 
 from a study of the positions and motions of the sun, moon, 
 and planets. 
 
 +t Wondered at: an old usage of the word. 
 
 \ Every circle being divisible into 360 degrees. 
 
252 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 take this quality to spring from a very common jn: 
 firmity of human nature, inclining us to be most 
 curious and conceited in matters where we have 
 least concern, and for which we are least adapted 
 either by study or nature. 
 
 These people are under continual disquietudes, 
 never enjoying a minute’s peace of mind; and their 
 disturbances proceed from causes which very little 
 affect the rest of mortals. Their apprehensions 
 arise from several changes they dread in the celes- 
 tial bodies. For instance, that the earth, by the 
 continual approaches of the sun toward it, must, in 
 course of time, be absorbed, or swallowed up. That 
 the face of the sun will, by degrees, be encrusted 
 with its own effluvia, and give no more light to the 
 world. That the earth very narrowly escaped a 
 brush from the tail of the last comet, which would 
 have infallibly reduced it to ashes ; and that the 
 next, which they have calculated for thirty-one 
 years hence, will probably destroy us. For if, in 
 its perihelion,* it should approach within a certain 
 degree of the sun (as by their calculations they have 
 reason to dread), it will conceive a degree of heat 
 ten thousand times more intense than that of red- 
 hot glowing iron; and, in its absence from the sun, 
 
 *That point in the orbit of a planet or comet at which the 
 body is nearest the sun 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 253. 
 
 carry a blazing tail, ten hundred thousand and four- 
 teen miles long; through which, if the earth should 
 pass at the distance of one hundred thousand miles 
 from the nucleus, or main body of the comet, it 
 must in its passage be set on fire, and reduced to 
 ashes. That the sun, daily spending its rays without 
 any nutriment to supply them, will at last be wholly 
 consumed and annihilated ; which must be attended 
 with the destruction of this earth, and of all the 
 planets that receive their light from it.* 
 
 They are so perpetually alarmed with the appre- 
 hensions of these and the like impending dangers, 
 that they can neither sleep quietly in their beds, 
 nor have any relish for the common pleasures or 
 amusements of life. When they meet an acquaint- 
 ance in the morning the first question is about the 
 sun’s health, how he looked at his setting and rising, 
 and what hopes they have to avoid the stroke of 
 the approaching comet. This conversation they are 
 
 *It is held at the present day that the sun is gradually 
 cooling ; but as it is believed that a million of years or so will 
 make little or no perceptible difference, we need not, like the 
 Laputians, trouble ourselves about it. As for comets, though 
 comparatively littie is yet known as to their real nature, the 
 belief is strong among men of science that no danger need be 
 apprehended from any of them, even if one should come in 
 contact with the earth. 
 
254 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 
 
 apt to run into with the same temper that boys dis- 
 cover in delighting to hear terrible stories of spirits 
 and hobgoblins, which they greedily listen to, and 
 dare not go to bed for fear. 
 
 The women of the island have abundance of 
 vivacity ; they contemn their husbands, and are ex- 
 ceedingly fond of strangers, whereof there is 
 always a considerable number, from the continent 
 below, attending at court, either upon affairs of the 
 several towns and corporations, or their own partic- 
 ular occasions; but are much despised because they 
 want the same endowments. Among these the 
 ladies choose their gallants. The wives and daugh- 
 ters lament their confinement to the island, although 
 I think it the most delicious spot of ground in the 
 world; and although they live here in the greatest 
 plenty and magnificence, and are allowed to do 
 whatever they please, they long to see the world, 
 and take the diversions of the metropolis, which 
 they are not allowed to do without a particular 
 license from the king; and this is not easy to be 
 obtained, because the people of quality have found, 
 by frequent experience, how hard it is to persuade 
 their women to return from below. 
 
 In about a month’s time I had made a tolerable 
 proficiency in their language, and was able to 
 answer most of the king’s questions, when I had the 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 255. . 
 
 honor to attend him. His majesty discovered* not 
 the least curiosity to inquire into the laws, govern- 
 ment, history, religion, or manners of the countries 
 where I had been; but confined his questions to the 
 state of mathematics, and received the account I 
 gave him with great contempt and indifference, 
 though often roused by his flapper on each side. 
 
 * Showed. 
 
256 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 A Phenomenon solved by modern Philosophy and Astronomy 
 —The Laputians’ great improvements in the latter—-The 
 King’s method of suppressing Insurrections. 
 
 I pEstREp leave of this prince to see the curiosities 
 of the island, which he was graciously pleased to 
 
 “The Flying or Floating Island is exactly circular.” 
 
 grant, and ordered my tutor to attend me. I chiefly 
 wanted to know to what cause in art or in nature 
 it owed its several motions, whereof I will now give 
 a philosophical account to the reader. 
 
 The Flying or Floating Island is exactly circular, 
 its diameter seventy-eight hundred and thirty-seven 
 yards, or about four miles and a half, and conse- 
 quently contains ten thousand acres. It is three 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 257 
 
 hundred yards thick. The bottom, or under surface, 
 which appears to those who view it from below, is 
 one even regular plate of adamant,* shooting up to 
 the height of about two hundred yards. Above it lie 
 the several minerals, in their usual order, and over 
 all is a coat of rich mold, ten or twelve foot deep. 
 The declivity of the upper surface, from the circum- 
 ference to the center, is the natural cause why all 
 the dews and rains, which fall upon the island, are 
 conveyed in small rivulets toward the middle, where 
 they are emptied into four large basins, each of 
 about half a mile in circuit, and two hundred yards 
 distant from the center. From these basins the 
 water is continually exhaled by the sun in the day- 
 time, which effectually prevents their overflowing. 
 Besides, as it is in the power of the monarch to 
 raise the island above the region of clouds and 
 vapors, he can prevent the falling of dews and rains 
 whenever he pleases. For the highest clouds can- 
 not rise above two miles, as naturalists agree, at least 
 they were never known to do so in that country.+ 
 
 * A term vaguely used to express a metallic or other exces- 
 sively hard substance. Sometimes it meant the diamond 
 (diamond is indeed the same word under another form); 
 sometimes the loadstone or magnet; but Swift evidently does 
 not use it in this latter sense. 
 
 t Clouds have been observed as high as five miles, 
 
258 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 At the center of the island there is a chasm, about 
 fifty yards in diameter, from whence the astrono- 
 mers descend into a large dome, which is therefore 
 called Flandona Gagnole, or the Astronomer’s Cave, 
 situated at the depth ofa hundred yards beneath 
 the upper surface of the adamant. In ‘ais cave are 
 twenty lamps continually burning, which from the 
 reflection of the adamant cast a strong light into 
 
 ee eS Oe ee 
 
 every part. The place is stored with great variety 
 of sextants, quadrants, telescopes, astrolabes,* and 
 other astronomical instruments. But the greatest 
 curiosity, upon which the fate of the island depends, 
 “*¢ a loadstone of a prodigious size, in shape resem- 
 bling a weaver’s shuttle. It is in length six yards, 
 and in the thickest part at least three yards over. 
 This magnet is sustained by a very strong axle of 
 adamant passing through its middle, upon which it 
 plays, and is poised so exactly that the weakest 
 hand can turn it. It is hooped round with an 
 hollow cylinder of adamant, four foot deep, as many 
 thick, and twelve yards in diameter, placed horizon- 
 tally, and supported by eight adamantine feet, each 
 six yards high. In the middle of the concave side 
 there is a groove twelve inches deep, in which the 
 
 *The astrolabe was an instrument formerly used for the 
 Same purposes as the sextant or the quadrant. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 259 
 
 extremities of the axle are lodged, and turned round 
 as there is occasion. 
 
 The stone cannot be moved from its place by any 
 force, because the hoop and its feet are one con- 
 
 tinued piece with that body of adamant which con. 
 stitutes the bottom of the island. 
 
 i aN 
 
 BALNIBARBI 
 
 -% 
 
 f agad 
 
 ee tee Tae 
 
 By means of this loadstone the island is made to 
 rise and fall, and move from one place to another. 
 For, with respect to that part of the earth over 
 which the monarch presides, the stone is endued at 
 one of its sides with an attractive power, and at the 
 other with a repulsive. Upon placing the magnet 
 erect, with its attracting end toward the earth, the 
 island descends ; but when the repelling extremity 
 
260 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 points downward, the island mounts directly up. 
 ward. When the position of the stone is oblique, 
 the motion of the island is so too; for in this mag- 
 net the forces always act in lines parallel to its 
 direction. 
 
 By this oblique motion the island is conveyed to 
 different parts of the monarch’s dominions. To ex- 
 plain the manner of its progress, let A B* represent 
 a line drawn across the dominions of Balnibarbi, let 
 the line ed represent the loadstone, of which let d 
 be the repelling end, and ¢ the attracting end, the 
 island being over C’: let the stone be placed in the 
 position ¢ d, with its repelling end downward ; then 
 the island will be driven upward obliquely toward 
 D. When it is arrived at D, let the stone be turned 
 upon its axle, till the attracting end points toward 
 #, and then the island will be carried obliquely 
 toward 4’; where, if the stone be again turned upon 
 its axle, till it stands in the position # F, with its 
 repelling point downward, the island will rise 
 obliquely toward /, where, by directing the attract- 
 ing end toward G, the island may be carried to G, 
 and from @ to H, by turning the stone,-so as to 
 make its repelling extremity point directly down. 
 
 *The cut here given is copied from the illustration con- 
 tained in the first edition. Balnibarbi is represented as an 
 island, but is afterward spoken of as part of a continent. 
 
 a ey ee eee 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 261 - 
 
 ward. And thus, by changing the situation of the 
 stone as often as there is occasion, the island is 
 made to rise and fall by turns in an oblique direc- 
 tion, and by those alternate risings and fallings (the 
 obliquity being not considerable), is conveyed from 
 one part of the deminions to the other. 
 
 But it must be observed that this island cannot 
 move beyond the extent of the dominions below, nor 
 can it rise above the height of four miles. For 
 which the astronomers (who have written large sys- 
 tems concerning the stone) assign the following 
 reason: that the magnetic virtue does not extend 
 beyond the distance of four miles, and that the min- 
 eral, which acts upon the stone in the bowels of the 
 earth, and in the sea about six leagues distant from 
 the shore, is not diffused through the whole globe, 
 but terminated with the limits of the king’s domin- 
 ions; and it was easy, from the great advantage of 
 such a superior situation, for a prince to bring under 
 his obedience whatever country lay within the 
 attraction of that magnet. 
 
 When the stone is put parallel to the plane of the 
 horizon, the island standeth still; for, in that case, 
 the extremities of it being at equal distance from 
 the earth, act with equal force, the one in drawing 
 downward, the other in pulling upward, and conse- 
 quently no motion can ensue. 
 
262 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 This loadstone, under the care of certain astrono- 
 mers, who, from time to time, give it such positions 
 as the monarch directs. They spend the greatest 
 part of their lives in observing the celestial bodies, 
 which they do by the assistance of glasses, far 
 excelling ours in goodness. For although their 
 largest telescopes do not exceed three feet, they 
 magnify much more than those of a hundred with us, 
 and show the stars with greater clearness. This 
 advantage hath enabled them to extend their dis- 
 coveries much further than our astronomers in 
 Europe: for they have made a catalogue of ten 
 thousand fixed stars, whereas the largest of ours do 
 not contain above one-third part of that. number.* 
 They have likewise discovered two lesser stars, or 
 satellites, which revolve about Mars; whereof the 
 innermost is distant from the center of the primary 
 planet exactly three of his diameters, and the outer- 
 most, five; the former revolves in the space of ten 
 hours, and the latter in twenty-one and a half; so 
 that the squares of their periodical times are very 
 
 near in the same proportion with the cubes of their — 
 
 distances from the center of Mars; which evidently 
 
 ee ee ee ee 
 
 shows them to be governed by the same law of © 
 
 * Over 320,000 stars have latterly been catalogued. 
 
 v 
 if 
 3 
 4 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 263 
 
 pravitation that influences the other heavenly 
 bodies.* 
 
 They have observed ninety-three different comets, 
 and settled their periods with great exactness.t If 
 this be true (and they affirm it with great confi- 
 dence), it is much to be wished that their observa- 
 tions were made public, whereby the theory of 
 comets, which at present is very lame and defective, 
 might be brought to the same perfection with other 
 parts of astronomy. 
 
 The king would be the most absolute prince in 
 the universe, if he could but prevail on a ministry 
 to join with him; but those having their estates 
 below on the continent, and considering that the 
 office of a favorite hath a very uncertain tenure, 
 would never consent to the enslaving of their country. 
 
 *The existence of two satellites or moons revolving about 
 Mars must have been a mere speculation of Swift’s own or of 
 some astronomical friend of his. Yet strangely enough it was 
 discovered in 1877 that this planet has two satellites. Their 
 distances and times, however, are somewhat different from 
 those given by Swift. The outer is distant 14,500 miles from 
 the center of Mars, and revolves in 30 hours 14 minutes; the 
 inner is 5,800 miles, and revolves in 7 hours 38 minutes. The 
 diameter of Mars is about 4,400 miles. 
 
 +Only the periods of twelve or fifteen comets are as yet 
 known with any exactness; and the true nature of the bodies 
 themselves is uncertain. 
 
264 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 If any town should engage in rebellion or mutiny, 
 fall into violent factions, or refuse to pay the usuai 
 tribute, the king hath two methods of reducing 
 them to obedience. The first and the mildest course 
 is by keeping the island hovering over such a town, 
 and the lands about it, whereby he can deprive them 
 of the benefit of the sun and the rain, and conse- 
 quently afflict the inhabitants with dearth and dis- 
 eases. And if the crime deserve it, they are at the 
 same time pelted from above with great stones, 
 against which they have no defense but by creeping 
 into cellars or caves, while the roofs of their houses 
 are beaten to pieces. But if they still continue 
 obstinate, or offer to raise insurrections, he proceeds 
 to the last remedy, by letting the island drop di- 
 rectly upon their heads, which makes a universal 
 destruction both of houses and men. However, this 
 is an extremity to which the prince is seldom driven, 
 neither indeed is he willing to put it in execution; 
 nor dare his ministers advise him to an action, which 
 as it would render them odious to the people, so it 
 would be a great.damage to their own estates, which 
 lie all below ; for the island is the king’s demesne. 
 
 But there is still indeed a more weighty reason 
 why the kings of this country have been always 
 averse from executing so terrible an action, unless 
 upon the utmost necessity. For,if the town intended 
 
 ee 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 265 
 
 to be destroyed should have in it any tall rocks, as 
 it generally falls out in the larger cities, a situation 
 probably chosen at first with a view to prevent such 
 a catastrophe; or if it abound in high spires, or 
 pillars of stone, a sudden fall might endanger the 
 bottom or under surface of the island, which, 
 although it consists, as I have said, of one entire 
 adamant two hundred yards thick, might happen to 
 crack by too great a shock, or burst, by approaching 
 too near the fires from the houses below, as the 
 backs both of iron and stone will often do in our 
 chimneys. Of all this the people are well apprised, 
 and understand how far to carry their obstinacy, 
 where their liberty or property is concerned. And 
 the king, when he is highest provoked and most 
 determined to press a city to rubbish, orders the 
 island to descend with great gentleness, out of a 
 pretense of tenderness to his people, but indeed for 
 fear of breaking the adamantine bottom, in which 
 case, it is the opinion of all their philosophers, that 
 the loadstone could no longer hold it up, and the 
 whole mass would fall to the ground. 
 
 By a fundamental law of this realm neither the 
 king, nor either of his two elder sons, are permitted 
 to leave the island; nor the queen, till she is past 
 child-bearing. 
 
266 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Author leaves Laputa, is conveyed to Balnibarbi, arrives 
 at the Metropolis—A Description of the Metropolis and 
 the Country adjoining—The Author hospitably received 
 by a great Lord—His conversation with that Lord. 
 
 Axtuouen I cannot say that I was ill treated in 
 this island, yet I must confess I thought myself too 
 much neglected, not without some degree of con- 
 tempt. For neither prince nor people appeared to 
 be curious in any part of knowledge, except math- 
 ematics and music, wherein I was far their inferior, 
 and upon that account very little regarded. 
 
 On the other side, after having seen all the curi- 
 osities of the island, I was very desirous to leave it, 
 being heartily weary of those people. They were 
 indeed excellent in two sciences for which I have 
 great esteem, and wherein I am not unversed; but 
 at the same time so abstracted and involved in 
 speculation that I never met with such disagreeable 
 companions. I conversed only with women, trades- 
 men, flappers, and court-pages, during two months 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 267 
 
 of my abode here; by which at last I rendered my- 
 self extremely contemptible; yet these were the 
 only people from whom I could ever receive a 
 reasonable answer. 
 
 I had obtained, by hard study, a good degree of 
 knowledge in their language; I was weary of being 
 confined to an island where I received so little 
 countenance, and resolved to leave it with the first 
 opportunity. 
 
 There was a great lord at court, nearly related to 
 the king, and for that reason alone used with respect. 
 He was universally reckoned the most ignorant and 
 stupid person among them. He had performed 
 many eminent services for the crown, had great 
 natural and acquired parts, adorned with integrity 
 and honor; but so ill an ear for music that his 
 detractors reported that he had been often known 
 to beat time in the wrong place; neither could his 
 tutors, without extreme difficulty, teach him to 
 demonstrate the most easy proposition in the math- 
 ematics. He was pleased to show me many marks 
 of favor, often did me the honor of a visit, desired 
 to be informed in the affairs of Europe, the laws and 
 customs, the manners and learning of the several 
 countries where I had traveled. He listened to me 
 with great attention, and made very wise observa. 
 tions on all I spoke. He had two flappers attending 
 
268 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 him for state, but never made use of them, except at 
 court, and in visits of ceremony, and would always 
 command them to withdraw when we were alone — 
 together. 
 
 I entreated this illustrious person to intercede in 
 my behalf with his majesty for leave to depart, 
 which he accordingly did, as he was pleased to tell 
 me, with regret ; for, indeed, he had made me several 
 offers very advantageous, which, however, I refused, 
 with expressions of the highest acknowledgment. 
 
 On the 16th day of February I took leave of his © 
 majesty and the court. The king made me a present © 
 to the value of about two hundred pounds English, 
 and my protector, his kinsman, as much more, to. — 
 gether with a letter of recommendation to a friend | 
 of his in Lagado, the metropolis; the island being © 
 then hovering over a mountain about two miles © 
 _ from it, I was let down from the lowest gallery in 
 the same manner as I had been taken up. | 
 
 The continent, as far as it is subject to the 
 monarch of Flying Island, passes under the general ~ 
 name of Balnibarbi; and the metropolis, as I said © 
 before, is called Zagado. I felt some little satisfac. — 
 tion in finding myself on firm ground. I walked to : 
 the city without any concern, being clad like one of © 
 the natives, and sufficiently instructed to converse © 
 with them. I soon found out the person’s house to ~ 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 269 
 
 whom I was recommended, presented my letter 
 from his friend, the grandee in the island, and was 
 received with much kindness. This great lord, 
 whose name was Munodi, ordered me an apartment 
 in his own house, where I continued during my stay, 
 and was entertained in a most hospitable manner. 
 The next morning after my arrival he took me in 
 his chariot to see the town, which is about half the 
 bigness of London ; but the houses were very strange- 
 ly built, and most of them out of repair. The people 
 in the streets walked fast, looked wild, their eyes 
 fixed, and were generally in rags. We passed 
 through one of the town gates, and went about 
 three miles into the country, where I saw many 
 laborers working with several sorts of tools in the 
 ground, but was not able to conjecture what they 
 were about; neither did I observe any expectation 
 either of corn or grass, although the soil appeared to 
 be excellent. JI could not forbear admiring* these 
 odd appearances, both in town and country; and I 
 made bold to desire my conductor that he would be 
 pleased to explain to me what could be meant by so 
 many busy heads, hands and faces, both in the 
 streets and the fields, because I did not discover any - 
 
 * Wondering: to ‘‘admire at” is still in common use in 
 America. 
 
270 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 good effects they produced ; but, on the contrary, I 
 never knew a soil so unhappily cultivated, houses so 
 ill contrived and so ruinous, or a people whose coun- 
 tenances and habit expressed so much misery and — 
 want. 
 
 This lord Munodi was a person of the first rank, 
 and had been some years governor of Lagado; but, — 
 by a cabal of ministers, was discharged for insuf- 
 ciency. However, the king treated him with tender- — 
 ness, as a well-meaning man, but of a low, con- 
 temptible understanding. 
 
 When I gave free censure* of the country and its 
 inhabitants he made no further answer than by — 
 telling me that I had not been long enough among 
 them to form a judgment; and that the different — 
 nations of the world had different customs; with © 
 other common topics to the same purpose. But — 
 when we returned to his palace he asked me how I 
 liked the building, what absurdities I observed, and 
 what quarrel I had with the dress and looks of his 
 domestics? This he might safely do; because every- 
 thing about him was magnificent, regular and polite. 
 I answered that his excellency’s prudence, quality, 
 and fortune, had exempted him from those defects — 
 which folly and beggary had produced in others. — 
 
 * Opinion or judgment. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 201 
 
 He said if I would go with him to his country house, 
 about twenty miles distant, where his estate lay, 
 there would be more leisure for this kind of conver- 
 sation. I told his excellency that I was entirely at 
 his disposal; and accordingly we set out next 
 morning. 
 
 During our journey, he made me observe the 
 several methods used by farmers in managing their 
 lands; which to me were wholly unaccountable : 
 for, except in some very few places, I could not dis- 
 cover one ear of corn or blade of grass. But in 
 three hours’ traveling, the scene was wholly altered ; 
 we came into a most beautiful country; farmers’ 
 houses, at small distances, neatly built; the fields 
 inclosed, containing vineyards, corn-grounds, and 
 meadows. Neither do I remember to have seen a 
 more delightful prospect. His excellency observed 
 my countenance to clear up; he told me, with a 
 sigh, that there his estate began, and would continue 
 the same till we should come to his house. That 
 his countrymen ridiculed and despised him for 
 managing his affairs no better, and for setting so ill 
 an example to the kingdom; which, however, was 
 followed by very few, such as were old and wistful, 
 and weak, like himself. 
 
 We came at length to the house, which was indeed 
 a noble structure, built according to the best ruleg 
 
292 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 b 
 
 of ancient architecture. The fountains, gardens, © 
 walks, avenues, and groves, were all disposed with 
 
 exact judgment and taste. I gave due praises to 
 everything I saw, whereof his excellency took not 
 the least notice till after supper ; when, there being 
 no third companion, he told me, with a very 
 melancholy air, that he doubted he must throw 
 down his houses in town and country, to rebuild 
 them after the present mode; destroy all his plan- 
 tations, and cast others into such a form as modern 
 usage required, and give the same directions to all 
 his tenants, unless he would submit to incur the 
 censure of pride, singularity, affectation, ignorance, 
 caprice, and perhaps increase his majesty’s dis- 
 pleasure. That the admiration I appeared to be 
 under would cease or diminish, when he had in- 
 formed me of some particulars which, probably, I 
 
 never heard of at court ; the people there being too 
 
 much taken up in their own speculations to have 
 regard to what passed here below. 
 
 The sum of his discourse was to this effect: That — 
 
 about forty years ago certain persons went up to 
 
 Laputa, either upon business or diversion, and after — 
 
 five months’ continuance, came back with a very 
 little smattering in mathematics, but full of volatile 
 spirits acquired in that airy region. That these 
 persons, upon their return, began to dislike the 
 
 F 
 } 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. Q43 
 
 management of everything below, and fell into 
 schemes of putting all arts, sciences, languages, and 
 mechanics, upon a new foot. To this end they pro- 
 cured a royal patent for erecting an academy of 
 projectors in Lagado; and the humor prevailed so 
 strongly among the people, that there is not a town 
 of any consequence in the kingdom without such an 
 academy. In these colleges the professors contrive 
 new rules and methods of agriculture and building, 
 and new iustruments and tools for all trades and 
 manufactures; whereby, as they undertake, one 
 man shall do the work of ten; a palace may be 
 built in a week, of materials so durable as to last for- 
 ever without repairing; all the fruits of the earth 
 shall come to maturity at whatever season we think 
 fit to choose, and increase an hundred-fold more 
 than they do at present; with innumerable other 
 happy proposals. The only inconvenience is, that 
 none of these projects are yet brought to perfection : 
 - and, in the meantime, the whole country lies miser- 
 ably waste, the houses in ruins, and the people with- 
 out food or clothes. By all which, instead of being 
 discouraged, they are fifty times more violently 
 bent upon prosecuting their schemes, driven equally 
 on by hope and despair: that, as for himself, being 
 not of an enterprising spirit, he was content to go 
 on in the old forms, to live in the houses his 
 
274 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 ancestors had built, and act as they did, in every 
 part of life, without innovation. That some few 
 other persons of quality and gentry* had done the 
 same, but were looked on with an eye of contempt 
 and ill-will, as enemies to art, ignorant, and ill 
 commonwealth’s men,t+ preferring their own ease 
 and sloth before the general improvement of their 
 country. 
 
 His lordship added, that he would not, by any 
 further particulars, prevent the pleasure I should 
 certainly take in viewing the grand academy, 
 whither he was resolved I should go. He only 
 desired me to observe a ruined building, upon the 
 side of a mountain about three miles distant, of 
 which he gave me this account: That he had a very 
 convenient mill within half a mile of his house, 
 turned by a current from a large river, and sufficient 
 for his own famiiy, as well as a great number of 
 his tenants. That about seven years ago a club of 
 those projectors came to him with proposals to 
 destroy this mill, and build another on the side of 
 that mountain, on the long ridge whereof a long 
 canal must be cut, for a repository of water, to be 
 conveyed up by pipes and engines to supply the 
 mill; because the wind and air upon a_height 
 
 * Gentle birth. t Not men of public spirit. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 275 
 
 agitated the water, and thereby made it fitter for 
 motion ; and because the water, descending down a 
 declivity, would turn the mill with half the current 
 of a river whose course is more upon a level. He 
 said that being then not very well with the court, 
 and pressed by many of his friends, he complied 
 with the proposal ; and after employing an hundred 
 men for two years the work miscarried, the pro- 
 jectors went off, laying the blame entirely upon 
 him, railing at him ever since, and putting others 
 upon the same experiment, with equal assurance of 
 success, as well as equal disappointment. 
 
 In a few days we came back to town; and his 
 excellency, considering the bad character he had in 
 the academy, would not go with me himself, but 
 recommended me to a friend of his, to bear me com- 
 pany thither. My lord was pleased to represent me 
 as a great admirer of projects, and a person of much 
 curiosity and easy belief; which, indeed, was not 
 without truth; for I had myself been a sort ofa 
 projector in my younger days. 
 
276 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Author permitted to see the Grand Academy of Lagado— 
 The Academy largely described—The Arts wherein the 
 Professors employ themselves. 
 
 Tuis academy is not an entire single building, but 
 a continuation of several houses on both sides of a 
 street, which, growing waste, was purchased and 
 applied to that use. 
 
 I was received very kindly by the warden, and 
 went for many days to the academy. Every room 
 hath in it one or more projectors; and, I believe, I 
 could not be in fewer than five hundred rooms. 
 
 The first man I saw was of a meager aspect, with 
 sooty hands and face, his hair and beard long, 
 ragged, and singed in several places. His clothes, 
 shirt, and skin were all of the same color. He had 
 been eight years upon a project for extracting sun- 
 beams out of cucumbers, which were to be put into 
 vials hermetically sealed, and let out to warm the 
 air in raw, inclement summers. He told me he did © 
 not doubt, in eight years more, he should be able 
 to supply the governor’s gardens with sunshine at a : 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, vw a 
 
 ‘ 
 
 reasonable rate; but he complained that his stock 
 was low, and entreated me to give him something 
 as an encouragement to ingenuity, especially since 
 this had been a very dear season for cucumbers, J 
 made him a small present, for my lord had furnished 
 me with money on purpose, because he knew their 
 practice of begging from all who go to see them. 
 
 I saw another at work to calcine ice into gun- 
 powder, who likewise showed me a treatise he had 
 written concerning the malleability of fire, which he 
 intended to publish. 
 
 There was a most ingenious architect, who had 
 contrived a new method for building houses, by be- 
 ginning at the roof, and working downward to the 
 foundation; which he justified to me by the like 
 practice of those two prudent insects, the bee and 
 the spider. 
 
 There was a man born blind, who had several 
 apprentices in his own condition ; their em ployment 
 was to mix colors for painters, which their master 
 taught them to distinguish by feeling and smelling. 
 It was indeed my misfortune to find them at that 
 time not very perfect in their lessons, and the pro- 
 fessor himself happened to be generally mistaken. 
 This artist is much encouraged and esteemed by the 
 whole fraternity. 
 
 In another apartment I was highly pleased with 
 
278 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 a projector who had found a device of plowing the 
 ground with hogs, to save the charges of plows, 
 cattle, and labor. The method is this: In an acre 
 of ground you bury, at six inches distance, and eight 
 deep, a quantity of acorns, dates, chestnuts, and 
 other mast or vegetables, whereof those animals are 
 fondest; then you drive six hundred or more of 
 them into the field, where ina few days, they will 
 root up the whole ground in search of their food, 
 and make it fit for sowing, at the same time manur- 
 ing it with their dung; it is true, upon experiment, 
 they found the charge and trouble very great, and 
 they had little or no crop. However, it is not 
 doubted that this invention may be capable of great 
 improvement. 
 
 I went into another room where the walls and 
 ceiling were all hung round with cobwebs, except a 
 narrow passage for the artist to go in and out. At 
 my entrance he called aloud to me not to disturb his 
 webs. He lamented the fatal mistake the world 
 had been so long in, of using silk-worms, while we 
 had such plenty of domestic insects, who infinitely 
 excelled the former, because they understood how 
 to weave as well as spin. And he proposed further 
 that, by employing spiders, the charge of dyeing 
 silks should be wholly saved; whereof I was fully 
 convinced when he showed me a vast number of 
 
 a 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 279 
 
 flies, most beautifully colored, wherewith he fed his 
 spiders, assuring us that the webs would take a 
 tincture from them; and as he had them of all hues, 
 he hoped to fit everybody’s fancy, as soon as he 
 could find proper food for the flies, of certain gums, 
 oils and other glutinous matter, to give a strength 
 and consistence to the threads.* 
 
 There was an astronomer, who had undertaken to 
 place a sun-dial upon the great weathercock on the 
 town-house, by adjusting the annual and diurnal 
 motions of the earth and sun, so as to answer and 
 coincide with all accidental turnings by the wind. 
 
 I visited many other apartments, but shall not 
 trouble my reader with all the curiosities I observed, 
 being studious of brevity. 
 
 I had hitherto seen only one side of the academy, 
 the other being appropriated to the advancers of 
 speculative learning, of whom I shall say something, 
 when I have mentioned one illustrious person more, 
 who is called among them, “The universal artist.” 
 He told us he had been thirty years employing his 
 
 *Shortly before the time when GULLIVER’s TRAVELS were 
 written a Frenchman of the name of Bon de Saint-Hilaire had 
 succeeded in weaving stockings and gloves from spiders’ 
 threads. Other fabrics have been made from them at various 
 times, but with no success commercially. For one thing, the 
 material cannot be got in sufficient quantity. 
 
280 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 thoughts for the improvement of human life. He 
 had two large rooms full of wonderful curiosities, 
 and fifty men at work. Some were condensing air* 
 into a dry, tangible substance, by extracting the 
 nitre, and letting the aqueous or fluid particles per- 
 colate ; others softening marble for pillows and pin- 
 cushions; others petrifying the hoofs of a living 
 horse, to preserve them from foundering.t The 
 artist himself was at that time busy upon two great 
 designs ; the first, to sow land with chaff, wherein 
 he affirmed the true seminal virtue to be contained, 
 as he demonstrated by several experiments, which I 
 was not skillful enough to comprehend. The other 
 was by a certain composition of gums, minerals, and 
 vegetables, outwardly applied, to prevent the 
 growth of wool upon two young lambs; and he 
 hoped, in a reasonable time, to propagate the breed 
 of naked sheep all over the kingdom. 
 
 We crossed a walk to the other part of the 
 academy, where, as I have already said, the projec- 
 tors in speculative learning resided. 
 
 The first professor I saw was ina very large room, 
 with forty pupils about him. After salutation, ob- 
 serving me to look earnestly upon a frame, which 
 
 * The true nature of air was not known in Swift’s time, 
 t Getting lame by inflammation, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 281 
 
 took up the greatest part of both the length and 
 breath of the room, he said, perhaps I might won- 
 der to see him employed in a project for improving 
 speculative knowledge, by practical and mechanical 
 operations. But the world would soon be sensible 
 of its usefulness; and he flattered himself, that a 
 more noble, exalted thought never sprang in any 
 other man’s head. Every one knew how laborious 
 the usual method is of attaining to arts and sciences ; 
 whereas, by his contrivance, the most ignorant. per- 
 son, at a reasonable charge, and with a little bodily 
 labor, might write books in philosophy, poetry, 
 politics, law, mathematics, and theology, without 
 the least assistance from genius or study. He then 
 led me to the frame, about. the sides whereof all his 
 pupils stood in ranks. It was twenty foot square, 
 placed in the middle of the room. The superficies 
 was composed of several bits of wood, about the 
 bigness of a die, but some larger than others. They 
 were all linked together by slender wires. These 
 bits of wood were covered, on every square, with 
 paper pasted on them; and on these papers were 
 written all the words of their language, in their 
 several moods, tenses, and declensions, but without 
 any order. The professor then desired me to ob- 
 serve, for he was going to set his engine at work. 
 The pupils, at his command, took each of them hold 
 
282 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 of an iron handle, whereof there were forty fixed 
 round the edges of the frame, and giving them a 
 sudden turn, the whole disposition of the words was 
 entirely changed. He then commanded thirty-six — 
 of the lads to read the several lines softly, as they 
 appeared upon the frame; and where they found — 
 three or four words together that might make part — 
 of a sentence, they dictated to the four remaining — 
 boys, who were scribes. This work was repeated 
 three or four times, and, at every turn, the engine © 
 was so contrived that the words shifted into new _ 
 places, as the square bits of wood moved upside 
 down. | 
 
 Six hours a day the young students were employed — 
 in this labor ; and the professor showed me several _ 
 volumes in large folio, already collected, of broken 
 sentences, which he intended to piece together, and i 
 out of those rich materials, to give the world a com- i 
 plete body of all arts and sciences; which, however, _ 
 might be still improved, and much expedited, if the — 
 public would raise a fund for making and employ- — 
 ing five hundred such frames in Lagado, and oblige 
 the managers to contribute in common their several _ 
 collections. 
 
 He assured me that this invention had employed 
 all his thoughts from his youth; that he had emptied 
 the whole vocabulary into his frame, and made the 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 283 
 
 oO 
 
 strictest computation of the general proportion there 
 is in books between the numbers of particles, nouns, 
 and verbs, and other parts of speech. 
 
 tf made my humblest acknowledgment to this 
 illustrious person for his great communicativeness ; 
 and promised, if ever I had the good fortune to re- 
 turn to my native country, that I would do him 
 justice, as the sole inventor of this wonderful 
 machine ;* the form and contrivance of which I 
 desired leave to delineate upon paper. I told him, 
 although it were the custom of our learned in Europe 
 to steal inventions from each other, who had thereby 
 at least this advantage, that it became a controversy 
 which was the right owner; yet I would take such 
 caution that he should have the honor entire, with- 
 out a rival. 
 
 We next went to the school of language, where 
 three professors sat in consultation upon improving 
 that of their own country. 
 
 The first project was to shorten discourse, by 
 cutting polysyllables into one, and leaving out verbs 
 and participles, because, in reality, all things im. 
 aginable are but nouns. 
 
 The other was a scheme for entirely abolishing all 
 
 * The early editions give a figure intended to show the con- 
 struction of this machine, but it is too rude and unintelligible 
 to be worth reproduction. 
 
284 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 words whatsoever, and this was urged as a great 
 advantage in point of health as well as brevity. 
 For it is plain that every word we speak is in some 
 degree a diminution of our lungs by corrosion, and, 
 consequently, contributes to the shortening of our 
 lives. An expedient was therefore offered, that, 
 since words are only names for things, it would be 
 more convenient for all men to carry about them 
 such things as were necessary to express the particu- 
 lar business they are to discourse on. And this in- 
 vention would certainly have taken place, to the great 
 ease as well as health of the subject, if the women, 
 in conjunction with the vulgar and illiterate, had 
 not threatened to raise a rebellion, unless they 
 might be allowed the liberty to speak with their 
 tongues, after the manner of their ancestors; such 
 constant irreconcilable enemies to science are the 
 common people. However, many of the most 
 learned and wise adhere to the new scheme of ex- 
 pressing themselves by things, which hath only this 
 inconvenience attending it, that if a man’s business 
 be very great and of various kinds, he must be 
 obliged, in proportion, to carry a great bundle of 
 things upon his back, unless he can afford one or two 
 strong servants to attend him. I have often beheld 
 two of those sages almost sinking under the weight 
 of their packs, like pedlars among us; who, when 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 285 
 
 they met in the street, would lay down their loads, 
 open their sacks, and hold conversation for an hour 
 together, then put up their implements, help each 
 other to resume their burthens, and take their 
 leave. 
 
 But for short conversations, a man may carry 
 implements in his pockets, and under his arms, 
 enough to supply him: and in his house he cannot 
 be at a loss. Therefore the room where company 
 meet who practice this art is full of all things, 
 ready at hand, requisite to furnish matter for this 
 kind of artificial converse. 
 
 Another great advantage proposed by this inven- 
 tion was that it would serve as a universal language, 
 to be understood in all civilized nations, whose goods 
 and utensils are generally of the same kind, or 
 nearly resembling, so that their uses might easily be 
 comprehended. And thus ambassadors would be 
 qualified to treat with foreign princes, or ministers 
 of state, to whose tongues they were utter strangers. 
 
 I was at the mathematical school, where the mas- 
 ter taught his pupils after a method scarce imagin- 
 able to us in Europe. The proposition and demon- 
 stration were fairly written on a thin wafer, with 
 ink composed of a cephalic* tincture. This the 
 
 * Affecting the head or the brain. 
 
296 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 
 
 student was to swallow up on a fasting stomach, and 
 for three days following ate nothing but bread and 
 water. As the wafer digested the tincture mounted 
 to his brain, bearing the proposition along with it. 
 But the success hath not hitherto been answerable, 
 partly by some error in the gwantwm or composition, 
 and partly by the perverseness of lads, to whom this 
 bolus is so nauseous that they generally steal aside 
 and discharge it upward before it can operate; 
 neither have they been yet persuaded to use so long 
 an abstinence as the prescription requires. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 287 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 A further account of the Academy—The Author proposes 
 some Improvements, which are honorably received. 
 
 In the school of political projectors I was but ill 
 entertained, the professors appearing, in my judg- 
 ment, wholly out of their senses; which is a scene 
 that never fails to make me melancholy. These 
 unhappy people were proposing schemes for pur- 
 suading monarchs to choose favorites upon the score 
 of their wisdom, capacity, and virtue; of teaching 
 ministers to consult the public good; of rewarding 
 merit, great abilities, and eminent services; of 
 nstructing princes to know their true interest, by 
 lacing it on the same foundation with that of their 
 seople ; of choosing for employments persons qual- 
 fied to exercise them; with many other wild, 
 mpossible chimeras that never entered before into 
 he heart of man to conceive; and confirmed in me 
 he old observation, That there is nothing so 
 xtravagant and irrational which some philosophers 
 lave not maintained for truth. 
 
 But, however, I shall so far do justice to this part 
 f the academy as to acknowledge that all of them 
 
288 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 were not so visionary. There was a most ingenious 
 doctor, who seemed to be perfectly versed in the 
 whole nature and system of government. This 
 illustrious person had very usefully employed his 
 studies in finding out effectual remedies for all 
 diseases and corruptions to which the several kinds 
 of public administration are subject, by the vices or 
 ‘nfirmities of those who govern, as well as by the 
 licentiousness of those who are to obey. For 
 instance, whereas all writers and reasoners have 
 agreed that there is a strict universal resemblance 
 between the natural and the political body; can 
 there be anything more evident than that the health 
 of both must be preserved, and the diseases cured. 
 by the same prescriptions? It 1s allowed that 
 senates and great councils are often troubled with 
 redundant, ebullient,* and other peccantt humors; 
 with many diseases of the head, and more of the 
 heart; with strong convulsions, with grievous con 
 tractions of the nerves and sinews in both hands 
 but especially the right; with spleen,t vertigoes, 
 and deliriums; with scrofulous tumors, full of fetid, 
 purulent matter; with sour, frothy ructations ;§ with 
 canine appetites, | and crudeness of digestion, beside 
 
 * Overflowing. +Unhealthy. ~  { Melancholy. 
 § Dizziness. J Belchings. 
 | Voracious, but diseased appetite. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 289 
 
 many others needless to mention. This doctor 
 therefore proposed, That, upon the meeting of the 
 senate, certain physicians should attend at the three 
 first days of their sitting, and at the close of each 
 day’s debate feel the pulses of every senator; after 
 which, having maturely considered and consulted 
 apon the nature of the several maladies and the 
 method of cure, they should, on the fourth day, 
 return to the senate house, attended by their apoth- 
 ecaries, stored with proper medicines; and, before 
 the members sat, administer to each of them leni- 
 tives, aperitives, abstersives,* corrosives,+ restrin- 
 gents, palliatives, laxatives, cephalalgics,§ icterics,{ 
 apophlegmatics, | acoustics,** as their several cases 
 required ; and, according as these medicines should 
 operate, repeat, alter, or omit them, at the next 
 meeting. 
 
 This project could not be of any great expense to 
 the public, and would, in my poor opinion, be of 
 much use for the dispatch of business in those 
 2ountries where senates have any share in the legis- 
 lative power; beget unanimity, shorten debates, 
 2pen a few mouths which are now closed, and close 
 many more which are now open; curb the petulancy 
 
 * Cleansing medicines. + Dissolvents. { Astringents. 
 § Remedies for headache. { For jaundice. | For phlegm. 
 ** For hearing. 
 
290 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 of the young, and correct the positiveness of the 
 old; rouse the stupid, and damp the pert. 
 
 Again, because it is a general complaint that the 
 favorites of princes are troubled with short and 
 weak memories, the same doctor proposed, That 
 whoever attended a first minister, after having told 
 his business with the utmost brevity and in the 
 plainest words, should, at his departure, give the 
 said minister a tweak by the nose, or a kick on the 
 belly, or tread on his corns, or lug him thrice by 
 both ears, or run a pin into him, or pinch his arm 
 black and blue, to prevent forgetfulness; and at 
 every levee-day repeat the same operation, til! the 
 business were done, or absolutely refused. 
 
 He likewise directed that every senator in the 
 great council of a nation, after he had delivered his 
 opinion, and argued in the defense of it, should be 
 obliged to give his vote directly contrary ; because, 
 if that were done, the result would infallibly 
 terminate in the good of the public. 
 
 When parties in a state are violent, he offered a 
 wonderful contrivance to reconcile them. The 
 method is this: You take an hundred leaders of 
 each party, you dispose of them into couples of 
 such whose heads are nearest of a size, then let two 
 nice operators saw off the occiput* of each couple 
 
 * Back part of the head. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 291 
 
 at the same time, in such a manner that the brain 
 may be equally divided. Let the occiputs thus cut 
 off be interchanged, applying each to the head of his 
 opposite party-man. It seems indeed to be a work 
 that requires some exactness, but the professor as- 
 sured us that if it were dexterously performed the 
 eure would be infallible. For he argued thus: 
 That the two half brains being left to debate the 
 matter between themselves within the space of one 
 skull, would soon come to a good understanding, 
 and produce that moderation, as well as regularity 
 of thinking, so much to be wished for in the heads 
 of those who imagine they come into the world 
 only to watch and govern its motion; and as to the 
 difference of brains, in quantity or quality, among 
 those who are directors in faction, the doctor assured 
 us, from his own knowledge, that it was a perfect 
 trifle. 
 
 I heard a very warm debate between two profes- 
 sors about the most commodious* and effectual ways 
 and means of raising money, without grieving the 
 subject. The first affirmed the justest method 
 would be to lay a certain tax upon vices and folly ; 
 and the sum fixed upon every man to be rated after 
 the fairest manner by a jury of his neighbors. The 
 
 —_ 
 
 * Convenient or suitable, 
 
292 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 second was of an opinion directly contrary: To tax 
 those qualities of body and mind, for which men 
 chiefly value themselves ; the rate to be more or 
 less, according to the degrees of excelling; the de- 
 cision whereof should be left entirely to their own 
 breast. The highest tax was upon men who are 
 the greatest favorites of the other sex, and the 
 assessments, according to the number and natures 
 of the favors they have received; for which they 
 are allowed to be their own vouchers. Wit, valor, 
 and politeness were likewise proposed to be largely 
 taxed, and collected in the same manner, by every 
 person’s giving his own word for the quantum of 
 what he possessed. But as to honor, justice, wis- 
 dom, and learning, they should not be taxed at all, 
 because they are qualifications of so singular a kind 
 that no man will either allow them in his neighbor, 
 or value them in himself. 
 
 The women were proposed to be taxed according 
 to their beauty and skill in dressing, wherein they 
 had the same privilege with the men to be deter- 
 mined by their own judgment. But constancy, 
 chastity, good sense, and good nature were not 
 rated, because they would not bear the charge of 
 collecting. 
 
 To keep senators in the interest of the crown, it 
 was proposed that the members should rafile for 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 293 
 
 employments; every man first taking an oath, and 
 giving security that he would vote for the court, 
 whether he won or no; after which, the losers had, 
 in their turn, the liberty of raffling upon the next 
 vacancy. Thus, hope and expectation would be 
 kept alive; none would complain of broken prom- 
 ises, but impute their disappointments wholly to 
 
 Fortune, whose shoulders are broader and stronger 
 than those of a ministry. 
 
 Another professor showed me a large paper of 
 instructions for discovering plots and conspiracies 
 against the governments. He advised great states- 
 men to examine into the diet of all suspected per- 
 sons ; their times of eating, upon which side they 
 lay in bed, etc. The whole discourse was written 
 with great acuteness, containing many observations, 
 both curious and useful for politicians; but, as I 
 conceived, not altogether complete This I ven- 
 tured to tell the author, and offered, if he pleased, 
 to supply him with some additions. He received 
 my proposition with more compliance than is usual 
 among writers, especially those of the projecting 
 species, professing he would be glad to receive 
 further information. 
 
 I told him that in the kingdom of Tribnia,* by 
 
 *That is, Britain : an anagram. 
 
294 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 the natives called Langden,* where I had sojourned 
 some time in my travels, the bulk of the people 
 consist in a manner wholly of discoverers, witnesses, 
 informers, accusers, prosecutors, evidences,t swear- 
 ers, together with their several subservient and 
 subalternt instrument, all under the color, the con- 
 duct, and the pay of ministers of state and their 
 deputies. The plots, in that kingdom, are usually 
 the workmanship of those persons who desire to 
 raise their own characters of profound politicians ; 
 to restore new vigor to a crazy administration ; to 
 stifle or divert general discontents; to fill their 
 coffers with forfeitures ; and raise or sink the opin- 
 ion of public credit as either shall best answer their 
 private advantage. It is first agreed and settled 
 among them what suspected persons shall be accused 
 of a plot; tren effectual care is taken to secure all 
 their letters and papers, and put the owners in 
 chains. These papers are delivered to a set of 
 artists, very dexterous in finding out the mysterious 
 meanings of words, syllables, and letters; for in- 
 stance, they can discover a flock of geese to signify 
 a senate; a lame dog, an invader; the plague, a 
 standing army; a buzzard, a prime minister; the 
 
 * England. 
 
 + Persons ready to give false or malicious evidence. 
 { Inferior or subordinate. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 295 
 
 gout, a high-priest; a gibbet, a secretary of state ; 
 a sieve, a court lady; a broom, a revolution; a 
 mouse-trap, an employment; a bottomless pit, a 
 treasury ; a sink, a court; a cap and bells, a favor- 
 ite; a broken reed, a court of justice; an empty 
 tun, a general; a running sore, the administration. 
 
 When this method fails, they have two others 
 more effectual, which the learned among them call 
 acrostics and anagrams. First, they can decipher 
 all initial letters into political meanings. Thus, V 
 shall signify a plot; B,a regiment of horse; Z, a 
 fleet at sea. Or, secondly, by transposing the letters 
 of the alphabet in any suspected paper, they can lay 
 open the deepest designs of a discontented party. 
 So, for example, if I should say in a letter to a 
 friend, “Our brother Tom has just got the piles,” a 
 skillful decipherer would discover that the same 
 letters which compose that sentence may be analyzed 
 into the following words, “ Resist—a plot is brought 
 home—the tour.” And this is the anagrammatic 
 -method.* 
 
 *In the above Swift satirizes the kind of evidence that was 
 brought against his friend Bishop Atterbury, who was accused 
 of being engaged in a Jacobite plot, and deprived of his 
 bishopric and banished. The evidence consisted largely of in- 
 tercepted letters, papers written in secret writing, ete., and 
 ‘Was by many considered quite insufficient to incriminate 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
296 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 The professor made me great acknowledgments 
 for communicating these observations, and prom- 
 ised to make honorable mention of me in his 
 treatise. 
 
 I saw nothing in this country that could invite 
 me to a longer continuance, and began to think of 
 returning home to England. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 297 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Author leaves Lagado—Arrives at Maldonada—No ship 
 ready—He takes a short voyage to Glubbdubdribb—His 
 reception by the Governor. 
 
 Tux continent, of which this kingdom is a part, 
 extends itself, as I have reason to believe, eastward 
 to that unknown tract of America westward of 
 California and north to the Pacific Ocean, which is 
 not above a hundred and fifty miles from Lagado; 
 where there is a good port, and much commerce 
 with the great island of Luggnagg, situated to the 
 northwest, about 29 degrees north latitude, and 140 
 longitude. This island of Luggnagg stands south- 
 eastwards of Japan, about an hundred leagues dis- 
 tant. There is a strict alliance between the 
 Japanese emperor and the king of Luggnagg, which 
 affords frequent opportunities of sailing from one 
 island to the other. I determined therefore to 
 direct my course this way, in order to my return 
 to Europe. I hired two mules, with a guide, to 
 show me the way, and carry my small baggage. I 
 
298 GULLIVER’S TRA VELE. 
 
 took leave of my noble protector, who had shown 
 me so much favor, and made me a generous present 
 at my departure. 
 
 My journey was without any accident or adven- 
 ture worth relating. When I arrived at the port 
 of Maldonada (for so it is called), there was no ship 
 in the harbor bound for Luggnagg, nor like to be 
 in some time. The town is about as large as Ports- 
 mouth. I soon fell into some acquaintance, and 
 was very hospitably received. A gentleman of dis- 
 tinction said to me, that since the ships bound for 
 Luggnagg could not be ready in less than a month, 
 it might be no disagreeable amusement for me totake 
 a trip to the little island of Glubbdubdribb, about 
 five leagues off to the southwest. He offered him- 
 self and a friend to accompany me, and that I 
 should be provided with a small convenient bark for 
 the voyage. 
 
 Glubbdubdribb, as nearly as I can interpret the 
 word, signifies the island of sorcerers, or magicians. 
 
 It is about one-third as large as the Isle of Wight, 
 and extremely fruitful; it is governed by the head 
 of a certain tribe, who are all magicians. This 
 tribe marries only among each other, and the eldest 
 in succession is prince or governor. He has a noble 
 palace, and a park of about three thousand acres, 
 surrounded by a wall of hewn stone twenty foot 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 299 
 
 high. In this park are several smaller enclosures 
 for cattle, corn, and gardening. 
 
 The governor and his family are served and 
 attended by domesties of a kind somewhat unusual. 
 By his skill in necromancy, he has a power of call- 
 ing whom he pleases from the dead, and command- 
 ing their services for twenty-four hours, but no 
 longer; nor can he call the same persons up again 
 in less than three months, except upon very extra. 
 ordinary occasions. 
 
 When we arrived at the island, which was about 
 eleven in the morning, one of the gentlemen who 
 accompanied me went to the governor, and desired 
 admittance for a stranger, who came on purpose to 
 have the honor of attending on his highness. This 
 was immediately granted, and we all three entered 
 the gate of the palace between two rows of guards, 
 armed and dressed after a very antick* manner, 
 and something in their countenances that made my 
 flesh creep with a horror I cannot express. We 
 passed through several apartments, between sery- 
 ants of the same sort, ranked on each side as before, 
 till we came to the chamber of presence, where, 
 after three profound obeisances and a few general 
 questions, we were permitted to sit on three stools, 
 
 near the lowest step of his highness’ throne. He 
 * Odd or peculiar, or perhaps antique. 
 
300 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 understood the language of Balnibarbi, although it 
 were different from that of his island. He desired 
 me to give him some account of my travels; and to 
 let me see that I should be treated without cere- 
 mony, he dismissed all his attendants with a turn of 
 his finger; at which tomy great astonishment, they 
 vanished in an instant, like visions in a dream when 
 we awake on a sudden. I could not recover myself 
 in some time, till the governor assured me that I 
 should receive no hurt; and observing my two com- 
 panions to be under no concern, who had been often 
 entertained in the same manner, I began to take 
 courage, and related to his highness a short history 
 of my several adventures; yet not without some 
 hesitation, and frequently looking behind me to the 
 place where I had seen those domestic specters. I 
 had the honor to dine with the governor, where a 
 new set of ghosts served up the meat, and waited 
 at table. I now observed myself to be less terrified 
 than I had been in the morning. I stayed till sun- 
 set, but humbly desired his highness to excuse me 
 for not accepting of his invitation of lodging in the 
 palace. My two friends and I lay at a private 
 house in the town adjoining, which is the capital of 
 this little island; and the next morning we returned 
 to pay our duty to the governor, as he was pleased 
 to command us. 
 
 ee oe ee eee i 
 
 a a a ie 
 
 ee eee 
 
 Se SS =e 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 301 
 
 After this manner we continued in the island for 
 ten days, most part of every day with the governor, 
 and at night in our lodging. I soon grew so 
 familarized to the sight of spirits, that, after the 
 third or fourth time, they gave me no emotion at 
 all; or, if I had any apprehensions left, my curiosity 
 prevailed over them. For his highness the governor 
 ordered me to call up whatever persons I would 
 choose to name, and in whatever numbers, among 
 all the dead from the beginning of the world to the 
 present time, and command them to answer any 
 questions I should think fit to ask; with this con- 
 dition, that my questions must be confined within 
 the compass of the times they lived in. And one 
 thing I might depend upon, that they would cer- 
 tainly tell me truth, for lying was a talent of no use 
 in the lower world. 
 
 I made my humble acknowledgments to his 
 highness for so great a favor. We were in a 
 chamber, from whence there was a fair prospect 
 into the park. And because my first inclination 
 was to be entertained with scenes of pomp and 
 magnificence, I desired to see Alexander the Great 
 at the head of his army, just after the battle of 
 Arbela ;* which, upon a motion of the governor’s 
 
 * At which the Persian empire was overthrown in B.o. 331. 
 
202 G@ULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 finger, immediately appeared in a large field, under 
 the window where we stood. Alexander was called 
 up in the room; it was with great difficulty that I 
 understood his Greek, and had but little of my own. 
 He assured me upon his honor that he was not 
 
 poisoned, but died of a fever by excessive drinking.* 
 
 Next, I saw Hannibal passing the Alps, who told 
 me he had not a drop of vinegar in his camp.t 
 
 I saw Cesar and Pompey at the head of their 
 troops, just ready to engage.{ Isaw the former in 
 his last great triumph. I desired that the senate of 
 Rome might appear before me in one large chamber, 
 and a modern representative, in counterview, in 
 another. The first seemed to be an assembly of 
 heroes and demi-gods; the other, a knot of pedlars, 
 pickpockets, highwaymen, and bullies. 
 
 The governor, at my request, gave the sign for — 
 Cesar and Brutus to advance toward us. I was — 
 
 struck with a profound veneration at the sight of © 
 Brutus, and could easily discover the most con-— 
 
 * Alexander died of a fever which seized him after a drink- 
 ing bout. There does not appear to have been any suspicion — 
 
 of poisoning. 
 
 +The story was that Hannibal used fire and vinegar to 
 
 soften the rocks in making a path through the mountains. 
 
 t At the battle of Pharsalia, B.c. 48, in which Pompey was 
 
 completely defeated. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 303 
 
 summate virtue, the greatest intrepidity and firm- 
 ness of mind, the truest love of his country, and 
 general benevolence for mankind, in every lineament 
 of his countenance. I observed with much pleasure 
 that these two persons were in good intelligence 
 with each other; and Cesar freely confessed to me 
 that the greatest actions of his own life were not 
 equal, by many degrees, to the glory of taking it 
 away. I had the honor to have much conversation 
 with Brutus ; and was told that his ancestor, Junius, * 
 Socrates, Epaminondas,t Cato the younger,t Sir 
 Thomas More, and himself, were perpetually to- 
 gether: a sextumvirate,§ to which all the ages of 
 the world cannot add a seventh. 
 
 It would be tedious to trouble the reader with 
 relating what vast numbers of illustrious persons 
 were called up, to gratify that insatiable desire I 
 had to see the world in every period of antiquity 
 placed before me. I chiefly fed mine eyes with be- 
 holding the destroyers of tyrants and usurpers, and 
 
 * Who was the chief means of overthrowing the regal form 
 of government in Rome. 
 
 +A famous Greek patriot and general, killed in battle 
 862 B.C. 
 
 { An eminent Roman, who took his own life in order that 
 he might not live under Cesar as supreme ruler of Rome. 
 
 §$ Body of six men. 
 
304 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 the restorers of liberty to oppressed and injured 
 nations. But it is impossible to express the satis- 
 faction I received in my own mind, after such a 
 manner, as to make it a suitable entertainment to 
 the reader. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 305 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 A further account of Glubbdubdribb—Ancient and Modern 
 History corrected. 
 
 Havine a desire to see those ancients who were 
 most renowned for wit and learning, I set apart one 
 day on purpose. I proposed that Homer and 
 Aristotle might appear at the head of all their com- 
 mentators; but these were so numerous that some 
 hundreds were forced to attend in the court and 
 outward rooms of the palace. I knew, and could 
 distinguish those two heroes at first sight, not only 
 from the crowd, but from each other. Homer was 
 the taller and comelier person of the two, walked 
 very @ xct for one of his age, and his eyes were the 
 most#* :k and piercing I ever beheld.* Aristotle 
 stooped much, and made use of a staff. His visage 
 was meager, his hair lank and thin, and his voice 
 hollow. I soon discovered that both of them were 
 perfect strangers to the rest of the company, and 
 had never seen or heard of them before. And I 
 
 *The common, but very improbable, tradition is that Homer 
 was blind. 
 
306 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 had a whisper from a ghost, who shall be nameless, 
 that these commentators always kept in the most 
 distant quarters from their principals, in the lower 
 world, through a consciousness of shame and guilt, 
 because they had so horribly misrepresented the 
 meaning of those authors to posterity. introduced 
 Didymus and Eustathius* to Homer, and prevailed 
 on him to treat them better than perhaps they 
 deserved, for he soon found they wanted a genius to 
 enter into the spirit of a poet. But Aristotle was 
 out of all patience with the account I gave him of 
 Scotust and Ramus,t as I presented them to him ; 
 and he asked them whether the rest of the tribe 
 were as great dunces as themselves ? 
 
 I then desired the governor to call up Descartes § 
 
 * Didymus (ist century B.c.), and Eustathius (12th century 
 A.D.), wrote esteemed commentaries on Homer. 
 
 +Duns Scotus, a famous philosopher of the middle ages 
 (died 1308), wrote, among many other things, a com entary 
 on Aristotle. 
 
 + Ramus was a distinguished French scholar of the 16th 
 century who wrote in opposition to Aristotle’s teaching. He 
 perished in the massacre of St. Bartholomew. | 
 
 § Descartes (1596-1650), a French writer equally dis- 
 tinguish as a philosopher and a mathematician. His vortices 
 mentioned below were certain whirling motions in the ethereal 
 matter of space that he conjectured to exist, and by which 
 he sought to explain the motions of the heavenly bodies. 
 
1 
 
 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 307 
 
 and Gassendi, with whom I prevailed to explain 
 their systems to Aristotle. This great philosopher 
 freely acknowledged his own mistakes in natural 
 philosophy, because he proceeded in many things 
 upon conjecture, as all men must do; and he 
 
 found that Gassendi,* who had made the doctrine 
 
 of Epicurus as palatable as he could, and the vortices 
 of Descartes were equally to be exploded. He pre- 
 dicted the same fate to attraction, whereof the 
 present learned are such zealous assertors. He said 
 that new systems of nature were but new fashions, 
 which would vary in every age; and even those 
 who pretend to demonstrate them from mathemati- 
 cal principles, would flourish but a short period 
 of time, and be out of vogue when that was deter- 
 mined. 
 
 I spent five days in conversing with many others 
 of the ancient learned. I saw most of the first 
 Roman emperors. I prevailed on the governor to 
 call up Eliogabalus’+ cooks to dress us a dinner, 
 but they could not show us much of their skill, for 
 
 * A French philosopher and mathematician, contemporary 
 with Descartes. He attacked the doctrines of Aristotle as 
 
 _ Well as those of Descartes; and was a supporter of the philoso- 
 
 phy of Epicurus. 
 t Heliogabalus, a Roman emperor infamous for debauchery 
 and gluttony, killed a.p. 222. 
 
308 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 want of materials. A helot of Agesilaus* made us 
 a dish of Spartan broth, but I was not able to get 
 down a second spoonful. 
 
 The two gentlemen who conducted me to the island, 
 were pressed by their private affairs to return in 
 three days, which I employed in seeing some of the 
 modern dead, who had made the greatest figure, 
 for two or three hundred years past, in our own and 
 other countries of Europe; and having been always 
 a great admirer of old illustrious families, I desired 
 the governor would call up a dozen or two of kings, 
 with their ancestors in order, for eight or nine gen- 
 erations. But my disappointment was grievous and 
 unexpected ; for, instead of a long train with royal 
 diadems, I saw in one family two fiddlers, three 
 spruce courtiers, and an Italian prelate. In another | 
 a barber, an abbot, and two cardinals. I have too 
 great a veneration for crowned heads to dwell any 
 longer on so nice a subject. But as to counts, mar- 
 quises, dukes, earls, and the like, I was not so 
 scrupulous. And I confess, it was not without | 
 some pleasure, that I found myself able to trace the | 
 particular features, by which certain families are | 
 distinguished, up to their originals. Icould plainly | 
 
 * A celebrated King of Sparta. The Spartan ‘black | 
 broth ” was much spoken of in antiquity, but we do not know 
 its composition. The Helots were the slaves of the Spartans. | 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 309 
 
 discover from whence one family derives a long 
 chin; why a second hath abounded with knaves for 
 two generations, and fools for two more; why a 
 third happened to be crack-brained, and a fourth to 
 be sharpers; whence it came, what Polydore Virgil 
 says of a certain great house, Wee vir fortis, nec 
 femima casta;* how cruelty, falsehood, and cow- 
 ardice grew to be characteristics by which certain 
 families are distingished, as much as by their coat 
 of arms. 
 
 I was chiefly disgusted with modern history ; for, 
 having strictly examined all the persons of greatest 
 name in the courts of princes for an hundred years 
 past, I found how the world had been misled by 
 prostitute writers, to ascribe the greatest exploits 
 in war to cowards; the wisest counsel to fools; 
 sincerity to flatterers; Roman virtue to betrayers of 
 their country ; piety to atheists; truth to informers ; 
 how many innocent and excellent persons have 
 been condemned to death or banishment, by the 
 practising of great ministers upon the corruption of 
 judges and the malice of faction; how many villains 
 have been exalted to the highest places of trust, 
 power, dignity, and profit; how great a sharein the 
 motions and events of courts, counsels, and senates, 
 
 * No man brave nor woman chaste. 
 
310 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 might be chailenged by the vilest persons. How 
 low an opinion I had of human wisdom and integ- 
 rity, when I was truly informed of the springs and 
 motives of great enterprises and revolutions in the 
 world, and of the contemptible accidents to which 
 they owed their success ! 
 
 Here I discovered the roguery and ignorance of 
 those who pretend to write anecdotes, or secret 
 history ; who send so many kings to their graves 
 with a cup of poison; will repeat the discourse 
 between a prince and chief minister, where no wit- 
 ness was by; unlock the thoughts and cabinets of 
 ambassadors and secretaries of state; and have the 
 perpetual misfortune to be mistaken. Here I dis- 
 covered the true cause of many great events that 
 have surprised the world. A general confessed in 
 my presence, that he got a victory purely by the 
 force of cowardice and ill-conduct; and an admiral, 
 that for want of proper intelligence he beat the 
 enemy, to whom he intended to betray the fleet. 
 Three kings protested to me that in their whole 
 reigns they did never once prefer any person of 
 merit, unless by mistake, or treachery of some 
 minister in whom they confided; neither would they 
 do it if they were to live again; and they showed 
 with great strength of reason, that the royal throne 
 could not be supported without corruption, because 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. dll 
 
 that positive, confident, restive temper, which virtue 
 infused into a man, was a perpetual clog to public 
 business. 
 
 I had the curiosity to inquire, in a particular 
 manner, by what method great numbers had _ pro- 
 cured to themselves high titles of honor and pro- 
 digious estates ; and I confined my inquiry to a very 
 modern period; however, without grating upon 
 present times, because I would be sure to give no 
 offense even to foreigners (for I hope the reader 
 need not be told that I do not in the least intend 
 my own country in what I say upon this occasion). 
 A great number of persons concerned were called 
 up, and, upon a very slight examination, discovered 
 such a scene of infamy, that I cannot reflect upon it 
 without some seriousness. Perjury, oppression, 
 subornation, fraud, and the like infirmities, were 
 among the most excusable arts they had to mention, 
 and for these I gave, as it was reasonable, great 
 allowance. But when some confessed they owed 
 their greatness and wealth to the betraying of their 
 country or their prince; some to poisoning ; more 
 to the perverting of justice, in order to destroy the 
 innocent; I hope I may be pardoned, if these dis- 
 coveries inclined me a little to abate of that pro- 
 found veneration which I am naturally apt to pay 
 to persons of high rank, who ought to be treated 
 
312 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 with the utmost respect due to their sublime dignity 
 by us their inferiors. 
 
 I had often read of some great services done to 
 princes and states, and desired to see the persons by 
 whom those services were performed. Upon inquiry 
 I was told that their names were to be found on no 
 record, except a few of them whom history hath 
 represented as the vilest rogues and traitors. As to 
 the rest I had never once heard of them. They all 
 appeared with dejected looks and in the meanest 
 habit; most of them telling me they died in poverty 
 and disgrace, and the rest on a scaffold or a gibbet. 
 
 Among the rest there was one person whose case 
 appeared a little singular. He had a youth about 
 eighteen years old standing by his side. He told 
 me he had for many years been commander of a 
 ship ; and in the sea-fight at Actium,* had the good 
 fortune to break throught the enemy’s great line of 
 battle, sink three of their capital ships, and take a 
 fourth, which was the sole cause of Antony’s flight, 
 and of the victory that ensued; that the youth 
 
 standing by him, his only son, was killed in the 
 
 SE NALLY MOL OLN AGU NENG I ye LL 
 *B. C. 31, between Octavianus (afterward the Emperor 
 
 Augustus) and Mark Antony. Historians explain Antony’s 
 flight differently : they tell us that he was so infatuated with 
 Cleopatra as to follow her with some of his ships when she 
 from timidity withdrew with the fleet that she had brought. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. — 313 
 
 action. He added, that upon the confidence of 
 some merit, this war being at an end, he went to 
 Rome, and solicited at the court of Augustus to be 
 preferred to a greater ship, whose commander had 
 been killed; but, without any regard to his preten- 
 sions, it was given to a boy who had never seen the 
 sea. Returning back to his own vessels, he was 
 charged with neglect of duty, and the ship given to 
 a favorite page of Publicola, the vice-admiral ; 
 whereupon he retired te a poor farm at a great 
 distance from Rome, and there ended his life. I 
 was so curious to know the truth of this story that 
 I desired Agrippa might be called, who was admiral 
 in that fight. He appeared and confirmed the 
 whole account ; but with much more advantage to 
 the captain, whose modesty had extenuated or con- 
 cealed a great part of his merit. 
 
 I was surprised to find corruption grown so high 
 and so quick in that empire, by the force of luxury 
 so lately introduced, which made me less wonder at 
 many parallel cases in other countries, where vices 
 of all kinds have reigned so much longer, and 
 where the whole praise, as well as pillage, hath 
 been engrossed by the chief commander, who, per- 
 haps, had the least title to either. 
 
 As every person called up made exactly the same 
 appearance he had done in the world, it gave me 
 
314 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 melancholy reflections to observe how much the 
 race of human kind was degenerated among us, 
 within these hundred years past. 
 
 I descended so low as to desire that some English 
 yeomen of the old stamp might be summoned to 
 appear, once so famous for the simplicity of their 
 manners, diet, and dress; for justice in their deal- 
 ings; for their true spirit of liberty ; for their valor 
 and love of their country. Neither could I be wholly 
 unmoved, after comparing the living with the dead, 
 when I considered how all these pure native virtues 
 were prostituted for a piece of money by their 
 grandchildren, who, in selling their votes, and man- 
 aging at elections, have acquired every vice and 
 corruption that can possibly be learned in a court. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 315 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Author’s return to Maldonada—Sails to the Kingdom of 
 Luggnagg—The Author confined—He is sent for to Court 
 —The manner of his Admittance—The King's great Lenity 
 to his Subjects. 
 
 Tux day of our departure being come, I took 
 leave of his highness, the governor of Glubbdub- 
 dribb, and returned with my two companions to 
 Maldonada, where, after a fortnight’s waiting, a 
 ship was ready to sail for Luggnagg. The two 
 gentlemen, and some others, were so generous and 
 kind as to furnish me with provisions, and see me 
 on board. I was a month in this voyage. We had 
 one violent storm, and were under a necessity of 
 steering westward to get into the trade wind, which 
 holds for above sixty leagues. On the 21st of April, 
 1708, we sailed into the river of Clumegnig, which 
 is a seaport town at the southeast point of Lugeg- 
 nagg. We cast anchor within a league of the town, 
 and made a signal for a pilot. Two of them came 
 on board in less than half an hour, by whom we 
 were guided between certain shoals and rocks, 
 
316 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 which are very dangerous in the passage, to a large 
 basin, where a fleet may ride in safety within a 
 cable’s length of the town wall. 
 
 Some of our sailors, whether out of treachery or 
 inadvertence, had informed the pilots that I was a 
 stranger and a great traveler; whereof these gave 
 notice to a custom-house officer, by whom I was ex- 
 amined very strictly upon my landing. This officer 
 spoke to me in the language of Balnibarbi, which, 
 by the force of much commerce, is generally under 
 stood in that town, especially by seamen and those 
 employed in the customs. I gave him a short ac- 
 count of some particulars, and made my story as 
 plausible and consistent as I could; but I thought 
 it necessary to disguise my country, and call myself 
 an Hollander, because my intentions were for Japan, 
 and I knew the Dutch were the only Europeans 
 permitted to enter into that kingdom.* I there- 
 fore told the officer, that having been shipwrecked 
 on the coast of Balnibarbi, and cast on a rock, I was 
 received up into Laputa, or the Flying Island (of 
 which he had often heard), and was now endeavor- 
 ing to get to Japan, from whence I might find a 
 convenience of returning to my own country. The 
 
 *This was the case at the date in the text, and for long 
 after. See below, note 38 . 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 31% 
 
 officer said I must be confined till he could receive 
 orders from court; for which he would write imme- 
 diately, and hoped to receive an answer in a fort- 
 night. I was carried to a convenient lodging, with 
 a sentry placed at the door; however, I had the 
 liberty of a large garden, and was treated with 
 humanity enough, being maintained all the time at 
 the king’s charge. ° I was invited by several persons, 
 chiefly out of curiosity, because it was reported 
 that I came from countries very remote, of which 
 they had never heard. 
 
 I hired a young man, who came in the same ship, 
 to be an interpreter; he was a native of Luggnagg, 
 but had lived some years at Maldonada, and was a 
 perfect master of both languages. By his assistance 
 I was able to hold a conversation with those who 
 came to visit me; but this consisted only of their 
 questions, and my answers. 
 
 The dispatch came from court about the time we 
 expected. It contained a warrant for conducting 
 me and my retinue to Zraldragdubh, or Trildrog- 
 drib, for it is pronounced both ways, as near as I 
 can remember, by a party of ten horse. All my 
 retinue was that poor lad for an interpreter, whom 
 I persuaded into my service, and, at my humble 
 request, we had each of us a mule torideon. A 
 messenger was dispatched half a day’s journey before 
 
 a 
 
318 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 us to give the king notice of my approach, and to 
 desire that his majesty would please to appoint a 
 day and hour when it would be his gracious pleasure 
 that I might have the honor to lick the dust before 
 his footstool. This is the court style, and I found it 
 to be more than matter of form. For, upon my 
 admittance, two days after my arrival, I was com- 
 manded to crawl on my belly, and lick the floor as 
 I advanced ; but, on account of my being a stranger, 
 care was taken to have it swept so clean that the 
 dust was not offensive. However, this was a 
 peculiar grace, not allowed to any but persons of 
 the highest rank, when they desire an admittance. 
 Nay, sometimes the floor is strewed with dust on 
 purpose, when the person to be admitted happens to 
 have powerful enemies at court. And I have seen 
 a great lord with his mouth so crammed that when 
 he had crept to the proper distance from the throne 
 he was not able to speak a word. Neither is there 
 any remedy, because it is capital for those who 
 receive an audience to spit or wipe their mouths in 
 his majesty’s presence. There is, indeed, another 
 custom, which I cannot altogether approve of ; 
 when the king hath a mind to put any of his nobles 
 to death in a gentle, indulgent manner, he commands 
 the floor to be strewed with a certain brown powder 
 of a deadly composition, which, being licked up, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 319 
 
 infallibly kills him in twenty-four hours. But in 
 justice to this prince’s great clemency, and the care 
 he hath for his subjects’ lives (wherein it were 
 much to be wished that the monarchs of Europe 
 would imitate him), it must be mentioned for his 
 honor that strict orders are given to have the 
 infected parts of the floor well washed after every 
 such execution ; which, if his domestics neglect, they 
 are in danger of incurring his royal displeasure. I 
 myself heard him give directions that one of his 
 pages should be whipped, whose turn it was to give 
 notice about washing the floor after an execution, 
 but maliciously had omitted it; by which neglect a 
 young lord of great hopes coming to an audience 
 was unfortunately poisoned, although the king at 
 that time had no design against his life. But this 
 good prince was so gracious as to forgive the poor 
 page his whipping, upon promise that he would do 
 so no more, without special orders. 
 
 To return from this digression ; when I had crept 
 within four yards of the throne I raised myself 
 gently upon my knees, and then, striking my fore- 
 head seven times against the ground, I pronounced 
 the following words, as they had been taught me 
 the night before: Lnekpling gloffthrobb squutserumm 
 blhiop mlashnalt zwin tnodbalkguffh sthiophad gurd- 
 lubh asht. This is the compliment, established by 
 
820 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 the laws of the land, for all persons admitted to the 
 king’s presence. It may be rendered into English 
 thus: “May your celestial majesty outlive the sun 
 eleven moons and a half!’ To this the king returned 
 some answer, which, although I could not under- 
 stand, yet I replied as I had been directed: Flute 
 drin yalerick dwuldom prastrad mirpush, which 
 properly signifies, “ My tongue is in the mouth of 
 my friend ;” and by this expression was meant that 
 I desired leave to bring my interpreter; whereupon 
 the young man already mentioned was accordingly 
 introduced, by whose intervention I answered as 
 many questions as his majesty could put in above an 
 hour. I spoke in the Balnibarbian tongue, and my 
 interpreter delivered my meaning in that of Lugg- 
 nage. 
 
 The king was much delighted with my company, 
 and ordered his blijimarklub, or high chamberlain, 
 to appoint a lodging in the court for me and my in- 
 terpreter, with a daily allowance for my table, and 
 a large purse of gold for my common expenses. 
 
 I stayed three months in this country, out of per- 
 fect obedience to his majesty, who was pleased 
 highly to favor me, and made me very honorable 
 offers. But I thought it more consistent with pru- 
 dence and justice to pass the remainder of my days 
 with my wife and family, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 321 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Luggnaggians commended—A particular Description of 
 the Struldbrugs, with many Conversations between the 
 Author and some eminent Persons upon that subject. 
 
 Tue Luggnaggians are a polite and generous peo- 
 ple; and although they are not without some share 
 of that pride which is peculiar to all eastern coun- 
 tries, yet they show themselves courteous to stran- 
 gers, especially such who are countenanced by the 
 court. I had many acquaintance among persons of 
 the best fashion, and being always attended by my 
 interpreter, the conversation we had was not dis- 
 agreeable. 
 
 One day, in much good company, I was asked by 
 a person of quality whether I had seen any of their 
 struldbrugs, or immortals. I said I had not, and de- 
 sired he would explain to me what he meant by 
 such an appellation, applied to a mortal creature. 
 He told me that sometimes, though very rarely, a 
 child happened to be born in a family with a red 
 circular spot in the forehead, directly over the left 
 
322 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 eyebrow, which was an infallible mark that it should 
 never die. The spot, as he described it, was about 
 the compass of a silver threepence, but in the course 
 of time grew larger and changed its color; for at 
 twelve years old it became green, so continued till 
 twenty-five, then turned to a deep blue; at forty- 
 five it grew coal-black and as large as an English 
 shilling, but never admitted any further alteration. 
 He said these births were so rare that he did not 
 believe there could be above eleven hundred struld- 
 brugs, of both sexes, in the whole kingdom, of which 
 he computed about fifty in the metropolis, and, 
 among the rest, a young girl born about three years 
 ago; that these productions were not peculiar to 
 any family, but a mere effect of chance, and the 
 children of the struldbrugs themselves were equally 
 mortal with the rest of the people. 
 
 I freely own myself to have been struck with in 
 expressible delight upon hearing this account: and 
 the person who gave it me happening to understand 
 the Balnibarbian language, which I spoke very well, 
 I could not forbear breaking out into expressions, 
 perhaps a little too extravagant. I cried out, as in 
 a rapture: Happy nation, where every child has at 
 least a chance for being immortal! Happy people, 
 who enjoy so many living examples of ancient vir- 
 tue, and have masters ready to instruct them in the 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 823 
 
 wisdom of all former ages! But happiest, beyond 
 all comparison, are those excellent struldbrugs, who, 
 born exempt from that universal calamity of human 
 nature, have their minds free and disengaged, with- 
 out the weight and depression of spirits caused by 
 the continual apprehension of death! I discovered 
 my admiration,* that I had not observed any of 
 these illustrious persons at court ; the black spot on 
 the forehead being so remarkable a distinction, that 
 I could not have easily overlooked it; and it was 
 impossible that his majesty, a most judicious prince, 
 should not provide himself with a good number of 
 such wise and able counselors. Yet, perhaps the 
 virtue of those reverend sages was too strict for 
 the corrupt and libertine manners of a court. And 
 we often find by experience that young men are too 
 opinionative and volatile to be guided by the sober 
 dictates of their seniors. However, since the king 
 was pleased to allow me access to his royal person, 
 I was resolved, upon the very first occasion, to de- 
 liver my opinion to him on this matter freely and 
 at large, by the help of my interpreter ; and whether 
 he would please to take my advice or no, yet in 
 one thing I was determined, that his majesty having 
 frequently offered me an establishment in this coun- 
 
 * Showed my surprise. 
 
324 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 try, I would with great thankfulness accept the 
 favor, and pass my life here in the conversation of 
 those superior beings, the struldbrugs, if they would 
 please to admit me. 
 
 The gentleman to whom I addressed my discourse, 
 because (as I have already observed) he spoke the 
 language of Balnibarbi, said to me, with a sort of 
 smile, which usually ariseth from pity to the igno- 
 rant, that he was glad of any occasion to keep me 
 among them, and desired my permission to explain 
 to the company what I had spoke. He did so, and 
 they talked together for some time in their own 
 language, whereof I understood not a syllable, 
 neither could I observe by their countenances what 
 impression my discourse had made on them. After 
 a short silence the same person told me that his 
 friends and mine (so he thought fit to express him- 
 self) were very much pleased with the judicious 
 remarks I had made on the great happiness and 
 advantages of immortal life, and they were desirous 
 to know, in a particular manner, what scheme of 
 living I should have formed to myself if it had fallen 
 to my lot to have been born a struldbrug. 
 
 I answered, it was easy to be eloquent on so 
 copious and delightful a subject, especially to me, 
 who had been often apt to amuse myself with vis- 
 ions of what I should do, if I were a king, a general, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. B2d 
 
 or a great lord; and upon this very case, I had fre- 
 quently run over the whole system how I should 
 employ myself, and pass the time, if I were sure to 
 live forever. 
 
 That, if it had been my good fortune to come into 
 the world a struldbrug, as soon as I could discover my 
 own happiness, by understanding the difference be- 
 tween life and death, I would first resolve, by all 
 arts and methods whatsoever, to procure myself 
 riches. In the pursuit of which, by thrift and 
 management, I might reasonably expect, in about 
 two hundred years, to be the wealthiest man in the 
 kingdom. In the second place, I would, from my 
 earliest youth, apply myself to the study of arts and 
 sciences, by which I should arrive in time to excel 
 all others in learning. Lastly, I would carefully 
 record every action and event of consequence, that 
 happened in the public, impartially draw the char- 
 acters of the several successions of princes and great 
 ministers of state, with my own observations on 
 every point. I would exactly set down the several 
 changes in customs, language, fashions of dress, diet, 
 and diversions. By all which acquirements, I should 
 be a living treasury of knowledge and wisdom, and 
 certainly become the oracle of the nation. 
 
 I would never marry after threescore, but live in 
 an hospitable manner, yet still on the saving side. 
 
326. GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 I would entertain myself in forming and directing 
 the minds of hopeful young men, by convincing 
 them, from my own remembrance, experience, and 
 observation, fortified by numerous examples, of the 
 usefulness of virtue in public and private life. But 
 my choice and constant companions should be a set 
 of my own immortal brotherhood ; among whom I 
 would elect a dozen from the most ancient, down to 
 my own contemporaries. Where any of these 
 wanted fortunes, I would provide them with con- 
 venient lodges round my own estate, and have some 
 of them always at my table; only mingling a few 
 of the most valuable among you mortals, whom 
 length of time would harden me to lose with little 
 or no reluctance, and treat your posterity after the 
 same manner; just asa man diverts himself with 
 the annual succession of pinks and tulips in his 
 garden, without regretting the loss of those which 
 withered the preceding year. 
 
 These struldbrugs and I would mutually com- 
 municate our observations and memorials* through 
 the course of time; remark the several gradations 
 by which corruption steals into the world, and 
 oppose it in every step, by giving perpetual warn- 
 ing and instruction to mankind ; which added to the 
 
 * Recollections. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 327 
 
 strong influence of our own example, would prob- 
 ably prevent that continual degeneracy of human 
 nature, so justly complained of in all ages. 
 
 Add to all this, the pleasure of seeing the various 
 revolutions of states and empires; the changes in 
 the lower and upper world ; ancient cities in ruins, 
 and obscure villages become the seats of kings ; 
 famous rivers lessening into shallow brooks; the 
 ocean leaving one coast dry, and overwhelming 
 another; the discovery of many countries yet 
 unknown; barbarity overrunning the  politest 
 nations, iia the most barbarous become civilized. 
 I should then see the discovery of the longitude,* 
 the perpetual motion, the universal medicine,t and 
 many other great inventions brought to the utmost 
 perfection. 
 
 What wonderful discoveries should we make in 
 astronomy, by outliving and confirming our own 
 predictions ; by observing the progress and returns 
 of comets, with the changes of motion in the sun, 
 moon, and stars! 
 
 I enlarged upon many other topics, which the 
 natural desire of endless life, and sublunary happi- 
 
 * A reward had been offered by government in 1714 for the 
 best method of finding the longitude at sea. 
 
 {A medicine to cure all ailments. This was what the 
 alchemists sought. 
 
328 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 ness, could easily furnish me with. When I had 
 ended, and the sum of my discourse had been inter- 
 preted, as before, to the rest of the company, there 
 was a good deal of talk among them in the language 
 of the country, not without some laughter at my ex- 
 pense. At last, the same gentleman who had been 
 my interpreter said, he was desired by the rest to 
 set me right in a few mistakes, which I had fallen 
 into through the common imbecility of human 
 nature, and upon that allowance* was less answer- 
 able for them. That this breed of struldbrugs was 
 peculiar to their country, for there were no such 
 people either in Balnibarbi or Japan, where he had 
 the honor to be ambassador from his majesty, and 
 found the natives in both those kingdoms very hard 
 to believe that the fact was possible: and it appeared 
 from my astonishment when he had first mentioned 
 the matter to me, that I received it as a thing 
 wholly new, and scarcely to be credited. That in 
 two kingdoms above mentioned, where, during his 
 residence, he had conversed very much, he observed 
 long life to be the universal desire and wish of man- 
 kind. That whoever had one foot in the grave was 
 sure to hold the other as strongly as he could. 
 That the oldest had still hopes of living one day 
 
 * Excuse. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 399 
 
 longer, and looked on death as the greatest evil, 
 from which nature always prompted him to retreat. 
 Only in this island of Luggnagg, the appetite for 
 living was not so eager, from the continual example 
 of the struldbrugs before their eyes. 
 
 That the system of living contrived by me was 
 unreasonable and unjust, because it supposed a 
 perpetuity of youth, health and vigor, which no 
 man could be so foolish to hope, however extrava- 
 gant he may be in his wishes. That the question 
 therefore was not, whether aman would choose to 
 be always in the prime of youth, attended with 
 prosperity and health; but how he would pass a 
 perpetual life under all the usual disadvantages 
 which old age brings along with it. For although 
 few men will avow their desires of being immortal, 
 upon such hard conditions, yet in the two kingdoms 
 before mentioned, of Balnibarbi and Japan, he 
 observed that every man desired to put off death 
 for some time longer, let it approach ever so late ; 
 and he rarely heard of any man who died willingly, 
 except he were incited by the extremity of grief or 
 torture. And he appealed to me, whether in those 
 countries I had traveled, as well as my own, I had 
 not observed the same general disposition. 
 
 After this preface he gave me a particular account 
 of the struldbrugs among them. He said they com- 
 
330 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 monly acted like mortals till about thirty years 
 old ; after which, by degrees, they grew melancholy 
 and dejected, increasing in both till they came to 
 fourscore. This he learned from their own con- 
 fession ; for otherwise, there not being above two 
 or three of that species born in an age, they were 
 too few to form a general observation by. When 
 they came to fourscore years, which is reckoned the 
 extremity of living in this country, they had not 
 only all the follies and infirmities of other old men, 
 but many more, which arose from the dreadful 
 prospect of never dying. They were not only 
 opinionative, peevish, covetous, morose, vain, talk- 
 ative, but incapable of friendship, and dead to all 
 natural affection, which never descended below their 
 grandchildren. Envy and impotent desires are their 
 prevailing passions. But those objects against which 
 their envy seems principally directed, are the vices 
 of the younger sort, and the deaths of the old. By 
 reflecting on the former, they find themselves cut 
 off from all possibility of pleasure; and whenever 
 they see a funeral, they lament and repine that 
 others are gone to an harbor of rest to which they 
 themselves never can hope toarrive. They have no 
 remembrance of anything but what they learned 
 and observed in their youth and middle age, and 
 even that is very imperfect. And for the truth or 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 331 
 
 particulars of any fact, it is safer to depend on 
 common tradition than upon their best recollections. 
 The least miserable among them appear to be those 
 who turn to dotage, and entirely lose their mem- 
 ories; these meet with more pity and assistance, 
 because they want many bad qualities which abound 
 in others. 
 
 If a struldbrug happen to marry one of his own 
 kind, the marriage is dissolved of course, by the 
 courtesy of the kingdom, as soon as the younger of 
 the two comes to be fourscore. For the law thinks 
 it is a reasonable indulgence that those who are 
 condemned, without any fault of their own, to a 
 perpetual continuance in the world, should not have 
 their misery doubled by the load of a wife. 
 
 As soon as they have completed the term of eighty 
 years they are looked on as dead in law; their 
 heirs immediately succeed to their estates, only a 
 small pittance is reserved for their support; and 
 the poor ones are maintained at the public charge. 
 After that period they are held incapable of any 
 employment of trust or profit; they cannot pur- 
 chase lands, or take leases ; neither are they allowed 
 to be witnesses in any cause, either civil or criminal, 
 not even for the decision of meers* and bounds. 
 
 * Boundary lines or landmarks. 
 
382 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 At ninety they lose their teeth and hair; they 
 have at that age no distinction of taste, but eat and 
 drink whatever they can get, without relish or ap- 
 petite. The diseases they were subject to still con. 
 tinue, without increasing or diminishing. In talking 
 they forget the common appellation of things, and 
 the names of persons, even of those who are their 
 nearest friends and relations. For the same reason 
 they never can amuse themselves with reading, be- 
 cause their memory will not serve to carry them 
 from the beginning of a sentence to the end: and 
 by this defect they are deprived of the only enter- 
 tainment whereof they might otherwise be capable. 
 
 The language of this country being always upon 
 the flux, the struldbrugs of one age do not under- 
 stand those of another ; neither are they able, after 
 two hundred years, to hold any conversation (further 
 than by a few general words) with their neighbors, 
 the mortals ; and thus they lie under the disadvan- 
 tage of living like foreigners in their own country. 
 
 This was the account given me of the struldbrugs, 
 as near as I can remember. I afterward saw five or 
 six of different ages, the youngest not above two 
 hundred years old, who were brought to me at 
 several times by some of my friends; but although 
 they were told that I was a great traveler, and had 
 seen all the world, they had not the least curiosity 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 333 
 
 to ask me a question; only desired I would give 
 them slumskudask, or a token of remembrance; 
 which is a modest way of begging, to avoid the law, 
 that strictly forbids it, because they are provided 
 for by the public, although, indeed, with a very 
 scanty allowance. 
 
 They are despised and hated by all sorts of 
 people. When one of them is born it is reckoned 
 ominous, and their birth is recorded very partic- 
 ularly : so that you may know their age by consult- 
 ing the register, which, however, hath not been kept 
 above a thousand years past, or at least hath been 
 destroyed by time, or public disturbances. But the 
 usual way of computing how old they are is by ask- 
 ing them what kings or great persons they can 
 remember, and then consulting history; for infal- 
 libly the last prince in their mind did not begin his 
 reign after they were fourscore years old. 
 
 They were the most mortifying sight I ever 
 beheld; and the women more horrible than the 
 men. Besides the usual deformities in extreme old 
 age, they acquired an additional ghastliness, in pro- 
 portion to their number of years, which is not to be 
 described; and among half a dozen I soon dis- 
 tinguished which was the eldest, although there 
 was not above a century or two between them. 
 
 The reader will easily believe that, from what I 
 
334 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 had heard and seen, my keen appetite for perpetuity 
 of life was much abated. I grew heartily ashamed 
 of the pleasing visions I had formed; and thought 
 no tyrant could invent a death into which I would 
 not run with pleasure from such a life. The king 
 heard of all that had passed between me and my 
 friends upon this occasion, and rallied me very 
 pleasantly ; wishing I could send a couple of struld- 
 brugs to my own country, to arm our people against 
 the fear of death; but this, it seems, is forbidden by 
 the fundamental laws of the kingdom, or else I 
 should have been well content with the trouble and 
 expense of transporting them. 
 
 T could not but agree that the laws of this king- 
 dom, relating to the struldbrugs, were founded upon 
 the strongest reasons, and such as any other country 
 would be under the necessity of enacting in the like 
 circumstances. Otherwise, as avarice is the neces- 
 sary consequence of old age, those immortals would 
 in time become proprietors of the whole nation, and 
 engross the civil power, which, for want of abilities 
 to manage, must end in the ruin of the public. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 335 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The Author leaves Luggnagg, and sails to Japan—From thence 
 he returns in a Dutch ship to Amsterdam, and from 
 Amsterdam to England. 
 
 I rxovenr this account of the struldbrugs might be 
 some entertainment to the reader, because it seems 
 to be a little out of the common way ; at least I do 
 not remember to have met the like in any book of 
 travels that hath come to my hands; and if I am 
 deceived, my excuse must be that it is necessary 
 for travelers, who describe the same country, very 
 often to agree in dwelling on the same particulars, 
 without deserving the censure of having borrowed 
 or transcribed from those who wrote before them. 
 
 There is, indeed, a perpetual commerce between 
 this kingdom and the great empire of Japan; and 
 It is very probable that the Japanese authors may 
 have given some account of the struldbrugs ; but my 
 stay in Japan was so short, and I was so entirely a 
 stranger to that language, that I was not qualified 
 to make any inquiries. But I hope the Dutch, upon 
 
336 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 this notice, will be curious and able enough to 
 supply my defects. 
 
 His majesty having often pressed me to accept 
 some employment in his court, and finding me 
 absolutely determined to return to my native coun- 
 try, was pleased to give me his license to depart; 
 and honored me with a letter of recommendation, 
 under his own hand, to the Emperor of Japan. He 
 likewise presented me with four hundred and forty- 
 four large pieces of gold (this nation delighting in 
 even numbers), and a red diamond, which I sold in 
 England for eleven hundred pounds. 
 
 On the 6th of May, 1709, I took a solemn leave 
 of his majesty and all my friends. This prince was 
 so gracious as to order a guard to conduct me to 
 Glanguenstald, which is a royal port to the south- 
 west part of the island. In six days I found a 
 vessel ready to carry me to Japan, and spent fifteen 
 days in the voyage. We landed at a small port 
 town called Xamoschi, situated on the southeast 
 part of Japan—the town lies on the western point, 
 where there is a narrow strait leading northward 
 into a long arm of the sea, upon the northwest part 
 
 ‘ 
 P 
 
 a he a gel ene 
 
 Se 
 
 of which, Yedo, the metropolis, stands. Atlanding — 
 
 I showed the custom-house officers my letter from — 
 the King of Luggnagg to his imperial majesty. — 
 
 They knew the seal perfectly well; it was as broad 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 337 
 
 as the palm of my hand. The impression was, a 
 king lifting up a lame beggar from the earth. The 
 magistrates of the town, hearing of my letter, 
 
 “They knew the seal perfectly well.” 
 
 received me as a public minister: they provided me 
 with carriages and servants, and bore my charges 
 to Yedo; where I was admitted to an audience, and 
 delivered my letter, which was opened with great 
 ceremony, and explained to the emperor by an inter- 
 
338 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 preter ; who then gave me notice, by his majesty’s 
 order, that I should signify my request, and what- 
 ever it were, it should be granted, for the sake of 
 his royal brother of Luggnagg. This interpreter 
 was a person employed to transact affairs with the 
 Hollanders: he soon conjectured, by my counte- 
 nance, that I was an European, and therefore re- 
 peated his majesty’s commands in Low Dutch, 
 which he spoke perfectly well. I answered, as I 
 had before determined, that I was a Dutch mer- 
 chant, shipwrecked in a very remote country, from 
 whence I had traveled by sea and land to Lugg- 
 nagg, and then took shipping for Japan; where I 
 knew my countrymen often traded, and with some 
 of these I hoped to get an opportunity of returning 
 into Europe: I therefore most humbly entreated his 
 royal favor, to give order that I should be conducted 
 in safety to Nangasac.* To this I added another 
 petition, that for the sake of my patron, the King 
 of Luggnagg, his majesty would condescend to 
 excuse my performing the ceremony imposed on my 
 countrymen, of trampling upon the crucifix;+ be- 
 
 * Nangasaki or Nagasaki, a well- -frequented seaport. 
 
 +t The Dutch had no very good reputation in Europe at this 
 time in connection with their dealings in Japan. And not 
 without some justice, for they had been ready to aid the 
 J apanese authoritiés in suppressing Christianity (in the form 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 339 
 
 cause I had been thrown into his kingdom by my 
 misfortunes, without any intention of trading. 
 When this latter petition was interpreted to the 
 emperor, he seemed a little surprised; and said he 
 believed I was the first of my countrymen who ever 
 made any scruple in this point; and that he began 
 to doubt whether I was a real Hollander or no; but 
 rather suspected I must be a Christian. However, 
 for the reasons I had offered, but chiefly to gratify 
 the King of Luggnagg, by an uncommon mark of 
 his favor, he would comply with the singularity of 
 my humor; but the affair must be managed with 
 dexterity, and his officers should be commanded to 
 let me pass, as it were, by forgetfulness. For he 
 assured me that if the secret should be discovered 
 by my countrymen the Dutch, they would cut my 
 
 of Roman Catholicism) in the empire, and had tried to set the 
 Japanese against other Europeans. Their reward was that 
 they were the only foreigners admitted to trade with Japan, a 
 state of matters that continued up to 1853. They were under 
 the severest restrictions, however ; they were confined to a 
 small island near Nangasaki, from which they could not go 
 on shore without leave ; and they were prohibited from the 
 observance of the Sabbath or from any outward manifestation 
 of their faith. The trampling on the crucifix is a doubtful 
 matter; but the Dutch, if the practice ever was in force, being 
 Protestants, may have reconciled themselves to it from con: 
 sidering that the crucifix savored of Popery, 
 
340 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 throat in the voyage. I returned my thanks, by 
 the interpreter, for so unusual a favor; and some 
 troops being at that time on their march to Nan- 
 gasac, the commanding officer had orders to convey 
 me safe thither, with particular instructions about 
 the business of the crucifix. 
 
 On the 9th day of June, 1709, I arrived 
 at Nangasac, after a very long and _ trouble- 
 some journey. I soon fell into the company of 
 some Dutch sailors belonging to the Amboyna, of 
 Amsterdam, a stout ship of four hundred and 
 fifty tons. I had lived long in Holland, pur- 
 suing my studies at Leyden, and I spoke Dutch 
 well. The seamen soon knew from whence I came 
 last: they were curious to inquire into my voyages 
 and course of life. I made up a story as short and 
 probable as I could, but concealed the greatest part. 
 I knew many persons in Holland; I was able to in- 
 vent names for my parents, whom I pretended to 
 be obscure people in the province of Gelderland. I 
 would have given the captain (one Theodorus Van- 
 grult) what he pleased to ask for my voyage to 
 Holland; but understanding I was a surgeon, he 
 was contented to take half the usual rate, on condi- 
 tion that I would serve him in the way of my calling. 
 Before we took shipping I was often asked by some 
 of the crew whether I had performed the ceremony 
 
GULLIVHR’S TRAVELS. 341 
 
 above mentioned. I evaded the question by general 
 answers ; that I had satisfied the emperor and court 
 in all particulars. However, a malicious rogue of a 
 skipper went to an officer, and pointing to me, told 
 him [ had not yet trampled on the crucifix; but the 
 other, who had received instructions to let me pass, 
 gave the rascal twenty strokes on the shoulders 
 with a bamboo; after which I was no more troubled 
 with such questions. 
 
 Nothing happened worth mentioning in this Vvoy- 
 age. We sailed with a fair wind to the Cape of 
 Good Hope, where we stayed only to take in fresh 
 water. On the 10th of April, 1710, we arrived safe 
 at Amsterdam, having lost only three men by sick- 
 ness in the voyage, and a fourth, who fell from the 
 foremast into the sea, not far from the coast of 
 Guinea. From Amsterdam I soon after set sail for 
 England, in a small vessel belonging to that city. 
 
 On the 16th of April we put in at the Downs. I 
 landed the next morning and saw, once more, my 
 native country, after an absence of five years and 
 six months complete. I went straight to Redriff, 
 where I arrived the same day at two in the after- 
 noon, and found my wife and family in good health. 
 
Cau h +, 
 Pear ett) iia me? iat. 
 ey Gr } ee BAO eed 
 fe | TPE: ina ttes il PY Ril tribal dela : aes ee 4 
 
 ¥f bat a tN) hei. aati” pay eta shah Fa sek bah Tats ATA ME 
 tO pcedwuss Uae rlah A aN) Wet aS ee yt mqalaghty ag: tani 
 if aloo ay pe Asc cticny deh ere Bk },dqan sosryal 
 i OVC a aR eL Oe ane SES, is sia 19%: Jor Awl Pant 
 eer ear tei ‘ol anit wirwteni hovkegen bast oxkve ratty 
 NK AREY, f cry dele TEST | Haptas'L a orld, args | 
 boitihiontazont asa Ldoilvn tens sonnchyadt ithe | 
 ne 4. yy emolteodp one te 
 
 ais ie wit di seri grtghs intents Alive Paainurs gutidinl, » 
 ea WA 24052 art oder tis Lobyy,, be lina, ove, PRB 
 i i feet yt. aul at Od, WoL ae na Gaye 7, pgoll bog 
 mY AWW oats Da ate RT, nny Sng ie Sih ety I, ath. ) su LBNT | 
 
 hea! ae fe pw re We , fe Ae 
 ; hg ee Coa £9 Peay" % va List) “ae an ate tail Pe ihavodecs Labs { 
 (ef oi Ce . i: hye shyt ie i tae at he: nk, ish He 
 
 Caiexri mill THON wmyhOEt uma Jae: odnivtaapraga | 
 ini ae doth deny) eesborataa A, oarantls (cet iia 
 
 Pray nie sahara [eainaiea fae fh fi chpnigeat | 
 
 1A eo aaa) aN ae it Visteg a Loc ngad aie. RO! 
 
 hae POMS AGS Meets) TOM Yt | APE ih Ash OTRBEN, ORES es bobaal 
 ir Ma OR ay Mone! Peery c A hhe ul hee gyHANHON, 2 em, 
 itis Wiring dy. uk aboal Wii dose ! _gisigation, Pai eoast, air 
 ott ad? Oe on amatiy: canae al erriene y, asoiye 
 
 wbthaes! Kepcmg. ws, 4 Dinners ative ant tibangt bas. ou nit, 
 
 ae 
 
 me 
 
 Sie yy ait yell Naan Oy aacentte 
 \ OA GR CC a Me 
 A Ne fis 7 i . pat f 
 
 ag pA 4) MAA De Me vo ee eh 
 ae e Nape Saeaaay ee ba ren 
 é ef ; \ 
 
PART IV. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF THE 
 HOUYHNHNMES. 
 
. , 
 
 > : Y + Portes _ ay. an 5 Y ie ae a ek m ' yr# « : ’ 4 f 
 ART FTO VARIO ST OE aera OY A 
 ; aT eke i ) ( 
 
 "4 
 
 TN A Ale PY 6 
 
PART IV. 
 
 A VOYAGE TQ THE COUNTRY OF THE 
 HOUYHNHNMS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The Author sets out as Captain of a Ship—His Men conspire 
 against him—Confine him a long time to his Cabin—Set 
 him on shore in an Unknown Land—He travels up into 
 the Country—The Yahoos, a strange sort of Animal, 
 described—The Author meets two Houyhnhnms. 
 
 I continvep at home with my wife and children 
 about five months, in a very happy condition, if I 
 could have learned the lesson of knowing when I 
 was well. I left my poor wife, and accepted an ad- 
 vantageous offer made me to be captain of the 
 Adventure, a stout merchantman of three hundred 
 and fifty tons: for I understood navigation well, 
 and being grown weary of a surgeon’s employment 
 at sea, which, however, I could exercise upon occa- 
 sion, I took a skillful young man of that calling, one 
 Robert Purefoy, into my ship. We set sail from 
 Portsmouth upon the 7th day of September, 1710 ; 
 
346 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 on the 14th we met with Captain Pocock of Bristol, 
 at Teneriffe, who was going to the Bay of Campechy 
 to cut logwood. On the 16th he was parted from 
 us by a storm; I heard, since my return, that this 
 ship foundered, and none escaped but one cabin-boy. 
 He was an honest man, and a good sailor, but a 
 little too positive in his own opinions, which was 
 the cause of his destruction, as it hath been of 
 several others. For, if he had followed my advice, 
 he might have been safe at home with his family, 
 at this time, as well as myself. 
 
 I had several men die in my ship of calentures,* 
 so that I was forced to get recruits out of Barba- 
 does and the Leeward Islands, where I touched, by 
 the direction of the merchants who employed me; 
 which I had soon too much cause to repent; for I 
 found afterward that most of them had been buc- 
 caneers.t I had fifty hands on board; and my 
 orders were that I should trade with the Indians in 
 the South Sea, and make what discoveries I could. 
 These rogues, whom I had picked up, debauched: 
 
 * A kind of fever said to attack seamen in hot climates. 
 
 + The buccaneers were little else than pirates. Their depre- 
 dations, however, were chiefly confined to the Spaniards in. 
 America. The name was originally given to certain French. 
 refugees in the West Indies, from a Carib word meaning a, _ 
 place for smoking the meat of wild .cattle.., 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 341 
 
 my other men, and they all formed a conspiracy to 
 ‘seize the ship and secure me; which they did one 
 morning, rushing into my cabin, and binding me 
 hand and foot, threatening to throw me overboard 
 if I offered to stir. I told them I was their prisoner, 
 and would submit. This they made me swear to 
 do, and then they unbound me, only fastening one 
 of my legs with a chain, near my bed, and placed a 
 sentry at my door with his piece charged, who was 
 commanded to shoot me dead if I attempted my 
 liberty. They sent me down victuals and drink, 
 and took the government of the ship to themselves. 
 ‘Their design was to turn pirates, and plunder the 
 Spaniards, which they could not do till they got 
 more men. But first they resolved to sell the goods 
 in the ship, and then go to Madagascar* for recruits, 
 several among them having died since my confine- 
 ment. They sailed many weeks, and traded with 
 the Indians ; but I knew not what course they took, 
 being kept a close prisoner in my cabin, and ex- 
 pecting nothing less than to be murdered, as they 
 often threatened me. 
 
 Upon the 9th day of May, 1711, one James Welch 
 came down to my cabin, and said he had orders 
 from the captain to set me ashore. I expostulated 
 
 * This island was a great haunt of pirates. 
 
348 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 with him, but in vain; neither would he so much as 
 tell me who their new captain was. They forced 
 me into the long-boat, letting me put on my best 
 suit of clothes, which were as good as new, and take 
 a small bundle of linen, but no arms, except my 
 hanger ; and they were so civil as not to search my 
 pockets, into which I conveyed what money I had, 
 with some other little necessaries. They rowed 
 about a league, and then set me down on a strand. 
 I desired them to tell me what country it was. 
 They all swore they knew no more than myself ; 
 but said that the captain (as they called him) was 
 resolved, after they sold the lading, to get rid of me 
 in the first place where they could discover land. 
 They pushed off immediately, advising me to make 
 haste, for fear of being overtaken by the tide, and 
 so bade me farewell. 
 
 In this desolate condition I advanced forward, 
 and soon got upon firm ground, where I sate down 
 on a bank to rest myself, and consider what I had 
 best todo. When I was a little refreshed I went 
 
 up into the country, resolving to deliver myself to 
 
 the first savages I should meet, and purchase my 
 
 life from them by some bracelets, glass rings, and 
 
 other toys, which sailors usually provide themselves 
 
 with in those voyages, and whereof I had some 
 
 about me. The land was divided by long rows of 
 
 ee 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 349 
 
 trees, not regularly planted, but naturally growing ; 
 there was great plenty of grass, and several fields of 
 oats. I walked very circumspectly, for fear of 
 being surprised or suddenly shot with an arrow 
 from behind, or on either side. I fell into a beaten 
 road, where I saw many tracks of human feet, and 
 some of cows, but most of horses. At last I beheld 
 several animals in a field, and one or two of the 
 same kind sitting in trees. Their shape was very 
 singular and deformed, which a little discomposed 
 me, so that I lay down behind a thicket to observe 
 them better. Some of them coming forward near 
 the place where I lay, gave me an opportunity of 
 distinctly marking their form. Their heads and 
 ‘breasts were covered with a thick hair, some 
 frizzled, and others lank; they had beards like 
 goats, and a long ridge of hair down their backs, 
 and the foreparts of their legsand feet; but the 
 rest of their bodies was bare, so that I might see 
 their skins, which were ofa brown buff color. They 
 had no tails. They often sate on the ground, as 
 well as lying down, and often stood on their hind 
 feet. They climbed high trees as nimbly as a 
 squirrel, for they had strong extended claws, before 
 and behind, terminating in sharp points, and 
 hooked. They would often spring, and bound and 
 leap, with prodigious agility. The females were 
 
350 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 not so large as the males; they had long lank hair 
 on their head, but none on their faces, nor anything 
 more than a sort of down on the rest of their bodies. 
 Their dugs hung between their forefeet, and often 
 reached almost to the ground as they walked. The 
 hair of both sexes was of several colors—brown, red, 
 black, and yellow. Upon the whole, I never be- 
 held, in all my travels, so disagreeable an animal, 
 nor one against which I naturally conceived so 
 strong an antipathy. So that, thinking I had seen 
 enough, full of contempt and aversion, I got up, and 
 pursued the beaten road, hoping it might direct me 
 to the cabin of some Indian. I had not gone far 
 when I met one of these creatures full in my way, 
 and coming up directly tome. The ugly monster, 
 when he saw me, distorted several ways every 
 feature of his visage, and stared, as at an object he 
 had never seen before; then approaching nearer, 
 lifted up his forepaw, whether out of curiosity or 
 mischief, I could not tell: but I drew my hanger, 
 and gave him a good blow with the flat side of it; 
 for I durst not strike him with the edge, fearing the 
 inhabitants might be provoked against me, if they 
 should come to know that I had killed or maimed 
 any of their cattle. When the beast felt the smart, 
 he drew back, and roared so loud that a herd of at 
 least forty came flocking about me from the mext 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 351 
 
 field, howling, and making odious faces; but I ran 
 to the body of a tree, and leaning my back against 
 it, kept them off by waving my hanger. 
 
 In the midst of this distress I observed them all 
 to run away on a sudden as fast as they could; at 
 which I ventured to leave the tree, and pursue the 
 road, wondering what it was that could put them 
 into this fright. But, looking on my left hand, I 
 saw a horse walking softly in the field, which my 
 persecutors having sooner discovered was the cause 
 of their flight. The horse started a little when he 
 came near me, but, soon recovering himself, looked 
 full in my face, with manifest tokens of wonder. 
 He viewed my hands and feet, walking round me 
 several times. I would have pursued my journey, 
 but he placed himself directly in the way, yet, look- 
 ing with a very mild aspect, never offering the least 
 violence. We stood gazing at each other for some 
 time ; at last I took the boldness to reach my hand 
 toward his neck, with a design to stroke it, using 
 the common style and whistle of jockeys when they 
 are going to handle a strange horse. But this 
 animal seemed to receive my civilities with disdain, 
 shook his head, and bent his brows, softly raising 
 up his right forefoot to remove my hand. Then he 
 neighed three or four times, but in so different a 
 
352 GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 
 
 cadence that I almost began to think he was speak. 
 ing to himself in some language of his own. 
 
 While he and I were thus employed another horse 
 came up, who, applying himself to the first in a very 
 formal manner, they gently struck each other’s right 
 hoof before, neighing several times by turns, and vary: 
 ing the sound, which seemed to be almost articulate 
 They went some paces off, as if it were to confei 
 together, walking side by side, backward and for 
 ward, like persons deliberating upon some affair oi 
 weight, but often turning their eyes toward me, as 
 it were to watch that I might not escape. I was 
 amazed to see such actions and behavior in brute 
 beasts, and concluded with myself that if the inhab 
 itants of this country were endued with a proportion 
 able degree of reason they must needs be the wises' 
 people upon earth. This thought gave me so muck 
 comfort that I resolved to go forward until I coule 
 discover some house or village, or meet with any 0. 
 the natives, leaving the two horses to discourse to 
 gether as they pleased. But the, first, who was ‘ 
 dapple gray, observing me to steal off, neighed afte 
 me in so expressive a tone that I fancied myself t 
 understand what he meant; whereupon I turnec 
 back, and came near to him, to expect his furthe 
 
 commands, but concealing my fear as much as . 
 could, for I began to be in some pain how this ad 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 353 
 
 venture might terminate; and the reader will easily 
 believe I did not much like my present situation. 
 The two horses came up close to me, looking with 
 great earnestness upon my face and hands. The 
 gray steed rubbed my hat all round with his right 
 forehoof, and discomposed it so much that I was 
 forced to adjust it better, by taking it off, and 
 settling it again; whereat both he and his com- 
 panion (who was a brown bay) appeared to be 
 much surprised: the latter felt the lappet of my 
 coat, and, finding it to hang loose about me, they 
 both looked with new signs of wonder. He stroked 
 my right hand, seeming to admire the softness and 
 color, but he squeezed it so hard between his hoof 
 and his pastern that I was forced to roar; after 
 which they both touched me with all possible ten- 
 derness. They were under great perplexity about 
 my shoes and stockings, which they felt very often, 
 neighing to each other, and using various gestures, 
 not unlike those of a philosopher when he would 
 attempt to solve some new and difficult phenomenon. 
 Upon the whole the behavior of these animals 
 was so orderly and rational, so acute and judicious, 
 that I at last concluded they must needs be magi- 
 clans, who had thus metamorphosed themselves upon 
 some design, and, seeing a stranger in the way, 
 were resolved to divert themselves with him, or 
 
354 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 perhaps were really amazed at the sight of a man 
 
 so very different in habit, feature, and complexion, 
 from those who might probably live in so remote a 
 climate. Upon the strength of this reasoning I 
 ventured to address them in the following manner: 
 “Gentlemen, if you be conjurors, as I have good. 
 cause to believe, you can understand any language; 
 therefore I make bold to let your worships know 
 that I am a poor, distressed Englishman, driven by 
 his misfortunes upon your coast; and I entreat one | 
 of you to let me ride upon his back, as if he were a | 
 real horse, to some house or village where I can be 
 relieved. In return of which favor I will make you 
 a present of this knife and bracelet” (taking them 
 out of my pocket). The two creatures stood silent ) 
 while I spoke, seeming to listen with great atten- 
 tion ; and when I had ended they neighed frequently | 
 ae each other, as if they were engaged in 
 serious conversation. I plainly observed that their 
 language expressed the passions very well, and their. | 
 words might, with little pains, be resolved into an 
 
 alphabet more easily than the Chinese. 
 
 I could frequently distinguish the word Yahoo, 
 which was repeated by each of them several times ; | 
 and, although it was impossible for me to conjecture 
 what it meant, yet, while the two horses were busy 
 in conversation, I endeavored to practice this word 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 355 
 
 upon my tongue; and as soon as they were silent I 
 boldly pronounced Yahoo in a loud voice, imitating 
 at the same time, as near as I could, the neighing of 
 a horse, at which they were both visibly surprised ; 
 and the gray repeated the same word twice, as if 
 he meant to teach me the right accent; wherein I 
 spoke after him as well as I could, and found myself 
 perceivably to improve every time, though very far 
 from any degree of perfection. Then the bay tried 
 me with a second word, much harder to be pro- 
 nounced, but, reducing it to the English orthography, 
 it may be spelt thus, Houyhnhnm. I did not succeed 
 in this so well as in the former; but after two or 
 three further trials I had better fortune, and they 
 both appeared amazed at my capacity. 
 
 After some further discourse, which I then con- 
 jectured might relate to me, the two friends took 
 their leaves, with the same compliment of striking 
 each other’s hoof, and the gray made me signs that 
 I should walk before him; wherein I thought it 
 prudent to comply, till I could find a better director. 
 When I offered to slacken my pace, he would cry, 
 hhuun, hhuun. I guessed his meaning, and gave 
 him to understand, as well as I could, that I was 
 weary, and not able to walk faster; upon which he 
 would stand a while to let me rest. 
 
356 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER IL. 
 
 The Author conducted by a Houyhnhnm to his House—The 
 House described—The Author’s reception—The Food of 
 the Houyhnhnms—The Author in distress for want of 
 Meat—Is at last relieved—His manner of feeding in this, 
 
 Country. 
 
 Havine traveled about three miles, we came to a 
 long kind of building, made of timber stuck in the 
 ground, and wattled across; the roof was low, and 
 covered with straw. I now began to be a little 
 comforted, and took out some toys, which travelers 
 usually carry for presents to the savage Indians of 
 America, and other parts, in hopes the people of the 
 house would be thereby encouraged to receive me 
 kindly. The horse made mea sign to go in first. 
 It was a large room, with a smooth clay floor, and 
 a rack and manger extending the whole length om 
 one side. There were three nags and two mares, 
 not eating, but some of them sitting down upon 
 their hams, which I very much wondered at, but 
 wondered more to see the rest employed in domestie 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 357 
 
 business : these seemed but ordinary cattle. How- 
 ever, this confirmed my first opinion, that a people 
 who could so far civilize brute animals must needs 
 excel in wisdom all the nations of the world. The 
 gray came in just after, and thereby prevented any 
 ill treatment which the others might have given 
 me. He neighed to them several times in a style of 
 authority, and received answers. 
 
 Beyond this room there were three others, reach- 
 ing the length of the house, to which you passed 
 through three doors, opposite to each other, in the 
 manner of a vista: we went through the second 
 room toward the third. Here the gray walked in 
 first, beckoning me to attend ; I waited in the second 
 Toom, and got ready my presents for the master 
 and mistress of the house; they were two knives, 
 three bracelets of false pearls, a small looking-glass, 
 and a bead necklace. The horse neighed three or 
 four times, and I waited to hear some answers in a 
 human voice, but I observed no other returns than 
 ‘in the same dialect, only one or two a little shriller 
 than his. I began to think that this house must be- 
 long to some person of great note among them, 
 because there appeared so much ceremony before I 
 could gain admittance. But, that a man of quality 
 Should be served all by horses, was beyond my com- 
 prehension. I feared my brain was disturbed by 
 
358 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 my sufferings and misfortunes. I roused myself, 
 and looked about me in the room where I was left 
 alone; this was furnished like the first, only after a | 
 more elegant manner. I rubbed my eyes often, but 
 the same objects still occurred. I pinched my arms 
 and sides to awake myself, hoping I might be ina 
 dream. I then absolutely concluded that all these 
 appearances could be nothing else but necromancy 
 and magic. But I had no time to pursue these 
 reflections ; for the gray horse came to the door, 
 and made me a sign to follow him into the third 
 room, where I saw a very comely mare, together 
 with a colt and foal, sitting up on their haunches 
 upon mats of straw, not unartfully made, and per- 
 fectly neat and clean. 
 
 The mare, soon after my entrance, rose from her 
 mat, and coming up close, after having nicely ob- 
 served my hands and face, gave me a most con- 
 temptuous look, then turning to the horse, I heard 
 the word Yahoo often repeated betwixt them, the 
 meaning of which word I could not then compre- 
 hend, although it was the first I had learned to} 
 pronounce. but I was soon better informed, to my. 
 everlasting mortification; for the horse, beckoning 
 to me with his head and repeating the word hhwun, 
 Ahwun, as he did upon the road, which I understood 
 was to attend him, led me out into a kind of court, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 359 
 
 where was another building at some distance from 
 the house. Here we entered, and I saw three 
 of those detestable creatures which I first met 
 after my landing, feeding upon roots and the flesh 
 of some animals, which I afterward found to be that 
 of asses and dogs, and now and then a cow, dead 
 by accident or disease. They were all tied by the 
 neck with strong withes fastened to a beam; they 
 held their food between the claws of their forefeet, 
 and tore it with their teeth. 
 
 The master horse ordered a sorrel nag, one of his 
 ‘servants, to untie the largest of these animals, and 
 take him into the yard. The beast and I were 
 brought close together, and our countenances dili- 
 gently compared, both by master and servant, 
 ‘who thereupon repeated several times the word 
 
 Yahoo. My horror and astonishment are not to be 
 described when I observed in this abominable ani- 
 mala perfect human figure; the face of it indeed 
 was flat and broad, the nose depressed, the lips 
 large, and the mouth wide; but these differences are 
 common to all savage nations, where the lineaments 
 of the countenance are distorted by the natives 
 suffering their infants to lie groveling on the earth, 
 or by carrying them on their backs, nuzzling with 
 their face against the mother’s shoulders. The fore- 
 feet of the Yahoo differed from my hands in noth- 
 
360 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 ing else but the length of the nails, the coarseness 
 and brownness of the palms, and the hairiness on the 
 backs. There was the same resemblance between 
 
 ‘*The beast and I were SEY, close together, and our countenances 
 diligently compared.” 
 our feet, with the same differences which I knew 
 very well, though the horses did not, because of my 
 shoes and stockings ; the same in every part of oul 
 bodies, except as to hairiness and color, which I have 
 already described. i 
 The great difficulty that seemed to stick with the 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 361 
 
 two horses was to see the rest of my body so very 
 different from that of a Yahoo; for which I was 
 obliged to my clothes, whereof they had no concep- 
 tion. The sorrel nag offered me a root, which he 
 held (after their manner, as we shall describe in its 
 proper place) between his hoof and pastern. I took 
 it in my hand, and, having smelled it, returned it to 
 him again as civilly as I could. He brought out of 
 the Yahoo’s kennel a piece of ass’ flesh; but it 
 smelled so offensively that I turned from it with 
 loathing : he then threw it to the Yahoo, by whom 
 it was greedily devoured. He afterward showed 
 me a wisp of hay, and a fetlock* full of oats; but I 
 shook my head, to signify that neither of these were 
 food forme. And indeed I now apprehended that 
 I must absolutely starve if I did not get to some of 
 my own species; for, as to those filthy Yahoos, 
 although there were few greater lovers of mankind 
 at that time than myself, yet I confess I never saw 
 
 any sensitive being so detestable on all accounts; 
 
 and the more I came near them the more hateful 
 they grew, while I stayed in that country. This 
 the master horse observed by my behavior, and 
 therefore sent the Yahoo back to his kennel. He 
 
 * What Swift means by this word is doubtful. Its proper 
 signification is the tuft of long hair on a horse’s pastern. 
 
362 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 then put his forehoof to his mouth, at which I was © 
 much surprised, although he did it with ease, and | 
 with a motion that appeared perfectly natural; and 
 made other signs to know what I would eat; but I | 
 could not return him such an answer as he was able 
 to apprehend; and if he had understood me, I did © 
 not see how it was possible to contrive any way for — 
 finding myself nourishment. While we were thus 
 engaged I observed a cow passing by, whereupon I © 
 pointed to her, and expressed a desire to go and — 
 milk her. This had its effect; for he led me back — 
 into the house, and ordered a mare servant to open © 
 a room, where a good store of milk lay in earthen 4 
 and wooden vessels, after a very orderly and cleanly | 
 manner. She gave mea large bowlful, of which I 
 drank very heartily, and found myself well re-— 
 freshed. : 
 About noon I saw coming toward the house a i 
 xind of vehicle drawn like a sledge by four Yahoos. i 
 There was in it an old steed, who seemed to be of 
 quality ; he alighted with his hind feet forward, | 
 having by accident got a hurt in his left forefoot. | 
 He came to dine with our horse, who received him — x 
 
 with great civility. They dined in the best room, 
 and had oats boiled in milk for the second course, : 
 which the old horse eat warm, but the rest cold. — 
 Their mangers were placed circular in the middle 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 363 
 
 of the room, and divided into several partitions, 
 round which they sate on their haunches upon 
 bosses of straw. In the middle was a large rack, 
 with angles answering to every partition of the 
 manger ; so that each horse and mare ate their own 
 hay, and their own mash of oats and milk, with 
 much decency and regularity. The behavior of the 
 young colt and foal appeared very modest, and that 
 of the master and mistress extremely cheerful and 
 complaisant to their guest. The gray ordered me 
 to stand by him; and much discourse passed _ be- 
 tween him and his friend concerning me, as I found 
 by the stranger’s often looking on me, and the fre- 
 quent repetition of the word Yahoo. 
 
 I happened to wear my gloves, which the master 
 gray observing, seemed perplexed, discovering signs 
 of wonder what I had done to my forefeet. He put 
 his hoof three or four times to them, as if he would 
 signify that I should reduce them to their former 
 shape ; which I presently did, pulling off both my 
 gloves, and putting them into my pocket. This oc- 
 casioned further talk: and I saw the company was 
 pleased with my behavior, whereof I soon found 
 the good effects. I was ordered to speak the few 
 words I understood ; and while they were at dinner, 
 the master taught me the names for oats, milk, fire, 
 water, and some others, which I could readily pro- 
 
564 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 nounce after him, having from my youth a great 
 facility in learning languages. 
 
 When dinner was done, the master horse took me 
 aside, and by signs and words made me understand 
 the concern he was in that I had nothing to eat. 
 Oats in their tongue are called Alunnh. This word 
 I pronounced two or three times; for although I 
 had refused them at first, yet, upon second thoughts, 
 I considered that I could contrive to make of them 
 a kind of bread, which might be sufficient, with 
 milk, to keep me alive till I could make my escape 
 to some other country, and to creatures of my own 
 species. The horse immediately ordered a white 
 mare-servant of his family to bring me a good 
 quantity of oats in a sort of wooden tray. These I 
 heated before the fire, as well as I could, and rubbed 
 them till the husks came off, which I made a shift 
 to winnow from the grain: I ground and beat them 
 between two stones, then took water, and made 
 them into a paste or cake, which I toasted at the 
 fire, and eat warm with milk. It was at first a 
 very insipid diet, though common enough in many 
 parts of Europe, but grew tolerable by time; and 
 having been often reduced to hard fare in my life, 
 this was not the first experiment I had made, how 
 easily nature is satisfied. And I cannot but observe 
 that I never had one hour’s sickness while I stayed © 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 365 
 
 in this island. ’Tis true, I sometimes made a shift 
 to catch a rabbit, or bird, by springes made otf 
 Yahoos’ hairs; and I often gathered wholesome 
 herbs, which I boiled, or eat as salads with my 
 bread; and now and then, for a rarity, I made a 
 little butter, and drank the whey. I was at first at 
 a great loss for salt, but custom soon reconciled me 
 to the want of it: and I am confident that the fre- 
 quent use of salt among us is an effect of luxury, 
 and was first introduced only as a provocative to 
 drink, except where it is necessary for preserving of 
 flesh in long voyages, or in places remote from great 
 markets : for we observe no animal to be fond of it 
 but man :* and as to myself, when I left this coun- 
 try, it was a great while before I could endure the 
 taste of it in anything that I eat. 
 
 This is enough to say upon thesubject of my diet, 
 wherewith other travelers fill their books, as if the 
 readers were personally concerned whether we fare 
 well or ill. However, it was necessary to mention 
 this matter, lest the world should think it impossible 
 that I could find sustenance for three years in such 
 a country, and among such inhabitants. 
 
 When it grew toward evening, the master horse 
 
 *This is quite a mistake; cattle, sheep, horses, etc., are 
 very fond of it. 
 
366 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 ordered a place for me to lodge in: it was but six 
 yards from the house, and separated from the stable 
 of the Yahoos. Here I got some straw, and cover- 
 ing myself with my own clothes, slept very sound. 
 But I was in a short time better accommodated, as 
 the reader shall know hereafter, when I come to 
 treat more particularly about my way of living. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 36? 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Author studies to learn the Language—The Houyhnhnm, 
 his Master, assists in teaching him—The Language 
 described—Several Houyhnhnms of quality come out of 
 curiosity to see the Author—He gives his Master a short 
 account of his Voyage. 
 
 My principal endeavor was to learn the language, 
 which my master (for so I shall henceforth call 
 him) and his children, and every servant of his 
 house, were desirious to teach me: for they looked 
 upon it as a prodigy that a brute animal should dis- 
 cover such marks of a rational creature. I pointed 
 
 to everything, and inquired the name of it, which I 
 wrote down in my journal-book when I was alone: 
 and corrected my bad accent by desiring those of 
 the family to pronounce it often. In this employ- 
 ment a sorrel nag, one of the under-servants, was 
 very ready to assist me. 
 
 In speaking, they pronounce through the nose and 
 throat; and their language approaches nearest to 
 the High Dutch, or German, of any I know in 
 Europe; but is much more graceful and significant, 
 
368 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 The Emperor Charles V. made almost the same 
 observation when he said that if he were to speak 
 to his horse it should be in High Dutch. 
 
 The curiosity and impatience of my master were 
 so great that he spent many hours of his leisure to 
 instruct me. He was convinced (as he afterward 
 told me) that I must be a Yahoo; but my teachable- 
 ness, civility, and cleanliness astonished him; which 
 were qualities altogether opposite to those animals. 
 He was most perplexed about my clothes, reasoning 
 sometimes with himself, whether they were a part 
 of my body; for I never pulled them off till the 
 family were asleep, and got them on before they 
 waked in the morning. My master was eager to 
 learn from whence I came; how I acquired those 
 appearances of reason which I discovered in all my 
 actions; and to know my story from my own 
 mouth; which he hoped he should soon do, by the 
 great proficiency I made in learning and _pro- 
 nouncing their words and sentences. To help my 
 memory, I formed all I learned into the English 
 alphabet, and writ the words down, with the trans- 
 lations. This last, after some time, I ventured 
 to do in my master’s presence. It cost me much 
 trouble to explain to him what I was doing; for the 
 inhabitants have not the least idea of books and 
 literature. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 369 
 
 In about ten weeks’ time I was able to understand 
 most of his questions, and in three months could 
 give him some tolerable answers. He was extremely 
 curious to know from what part of the country I 
 came, and how I was taught to imitate a rational 
 creature; because the Yahoos (whom he saw I ex- 
 ‘actly resembled in my head, hands, and face, that 
 were only visible), with some appearance of cunning, 
 and the strongest disposition to mischief, were 
 observed to be the most unteachable of all brutes. I 
 answered that I came over the sea, from a far place, 
 with many others of my own kind, in a great 
 hollow vessel, made of the bodies of trees: that my ~ 
 
 “companions forced me to land on this coast, and 
 then left me to shift for myself. It was with some 
 difficulty, and by the help of many signs, that I 
 brought him to understand me. He replied that I 
 must needs be mistaken, or that I said the thing 
 which was not; for they have no word in their 
 ‘language to express lying or falsehood. He knew 
 ‘it was impossible that there could be a country 
 ‘beyond the sea, or that a parcel of brutes could 
 ‘Move a wooden vessel whither they pleased upon 
 ‘water. He was sure no Houyhnhnm alive could 
 make such a vessel, nor would trust Yahoos to 
 manage it. 
 
 The word Howyhnhnm, in their tongue, signifies 
 
370 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 a horse, and, in its etymology, the perfection of 
 nature. I told my master that I was at a loss for 
 expression, but would improve as fast as I could; 
 and hoped in a short time I should be able to tell 
 him wonders. He was pleased to direct his own 
 mare, his colt and foal, and the servants of the 
 family, to take all opportunities of instructing me}; 
 and every day, for two or three hours, he was at the 
 same pains himself. Several horses and mares of 
 quality in the neighborhood came often to our 
 house, upon the report spread of a wonderful Yahoo 
 that could speak like a Houyhnhnm, and seemed, in 
 his words and actions, to discover some glimmerings 
 of reason. These delighted to converse with me; 
 they put many questions, and received such answers 
 as I was able to return. By all these advantages I 
 made so great a progress that in five months from 
 my arrival I understood whatever was spoke, and 
 could express myself tolerably well. 
 
 The Houyhnhnms, who came to visit my master 
 out of a design of seeing and talking with me, could 
 hardly believe me to be a right Yahoo, because my 
 body had a different covering from others of my 
 kind. They were astonished to observe me without 
 the usual hair or skin, except on my head, face, and 
 hands; but I discovered that secret to my master, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 371 
 
 ‘ 
 
 upon an accident which happened about a fortnight 
 before. 
 
 I have already told the reader that every night, 
 when the family were gone to bed, it was my cus- 
 tom to strip, and cover myself with my clothes. It 
 happened, one morning early, that my master sent 
 for me by the sorrel nag, who was his valet. When 
 he came I was fast asleep, my clothes fallen off on 
 one side. I awaked at the noise he made, and 
 observed him to deliver his message in some dis- 
 order; after which he went to my master, and in a 
 great fright gave him a very confused account of 
 what he had seen. This I presently discovered ; for, 
 going, as soon as I was dressed, to pay my attend- 
 ance upon his honor, he asked me the meaning of 
 what his servant had reported, that I was not the 
 same thing when I slept as I appeared to be at 
 other times. 
 
 I had hitherto concealed the secret of my dress, 
 ‘in order to distinguish myself, as much as I could, 
 ‘from the cursed race of Yahoos; but now I found it 
 ‘in vain to do so any longer. Besides, I considered 
 ‘that my clothes and shoes would soon wear out, 
 which already were in a declining condition, and 
 must be supplied by some contrivance, from the 
 ‘hides of Yahoos, or other brutes; whereby the 
 whole secret would be known. I therefore toid my 
 
372 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 master that in the country from whence I came 
 those of my kind always covered their bodies with 
 the hairs of certain animals, prepared by art, as well 
 for decency as to avoid the inclemencies of air, both 
 hot and cold. 
 
 I expressed my uneasiness at his giving me so © 
 
 often the appellation of Yahoo, an odious animal, 
 for which I had so utter an hatred and contempt: I 
 begged he would forbear applying that word to me, 
 and make the same order in his family and among 
 his friends whom he suffered to see me. I requested 
 likewise that the secret of my having a false cover- 
 ing to my body might be known to none but him- 
 self, at least as long as my present clothing should 
 last; for, as to what the sorrel nag, his valet, had 
 observed, his honor might command him to con- 
 ceal it. 
 
 All this my master very graciously consented to; 
 and thus the secret was kept till my clothes began 
 
 to wear out, which I was forced to supply by several — 
 
 contrivances that shall hereafter be mentioned. In 
 the meantime he desired I would go on with my 
 
 utmost diligence to learn their language, because he 
 
 was more astonished at my capacity for speech and 
 
 reason than at the figure of my body, whether it 
 were covered or no; adding that he waited with 
 
 some impatience to hear the wonders which I 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. WES, 
 
 promised to tell him. From thenceforward he 
 doubled the pains he had been at to instruct me; he 
 brought me into all company, and made them treat 
 ‘me with civility ; because, as he told them privately, 
 this would put me into good humor and make me 
 more diverting. 
 
 Every day, when I waited on him, beside the 
 trouble he was at in teaching, he would ask me sev- 
 eral questions concerning myself, which I answered 
 as well as I could; and by these means he had 
 already received some general ideas, though very 
 imperfect. It would be tedious to relate the several 
 steps by which I advanced to a more regular con- 
 versation ; but the first account I gave of myself in 
 any order and length was to this purpose: 
 
 That I came from a very far country, as I had 
 already attempted to tell him, with about fifty more 
 of my own species; that we traveled upon the seas 
 in a great, hollow vessel made of wood, and larger 
 than his honor’s house. I described the ship to him 
 in the best terms I could, and explained, by the help 
 of my handkerchief displayed, how it was driven 
 
 forward by the wind. That, upon a quarrel among 
 us, I was set on shore on this coast, where I walked 
 forward, without knowing whither, till he delivered 
 me from the persecution of those execrable Yahoos. 
 He asked me who made the ship, and how it was 
 
374 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 possible that the Houyhnhnms of my country would 
 leave it to the management of brutes? My answer 
 was, that I durst proceed no further in my relation, 
 unless he would give me his word and honor that he 
 would not be offended, and then I would tell him 
 the wonders I had so often promised. He agreed, 
 and I went on by assuring him that the ship was 
 made by creatures like myself; who, in all the 
 countries I had traveled, as well as in my own, were 
 the only governing rational animals: and that, upon 
 my arrival hither, I was as much astonished to see 
 the Houyhnhmns act like rational beings as he, or 
 his friends, could be in finding some marks of reason 
 in a creature he was pleased to call a Yahoo; to 
 which I owned my resemblance in every part, but 
 could not account for their degenerate and brutal 
 nature. I said further that if good fortune ever 
 restored me to my native country, to relate my 
 travels hither, as I resolved to do, everybody would 
 believe that I said the thing which was not, that I in- 
 vented the story out of my own head; and (with all 
 possible respect to himself, his family and friends, 
 and under his promise of not being offended) our 
 countrymen would hardly think it probable that a 
 Houyhnhnm should be the presiding creature of a 
 nation, ard a Yahoo the brute. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 37d 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Houyhnhnms’ notion of Truth and Falsehood—The 
 Author’s discourse disapproved by his Master — The 
 Author gives a more particular account of himself, and 
 the Accidents of his Voyage. 
 
 My master heard me with great appearances of 
 uneasiness in his countenance; because doubting, or 
 not believing, are so little known in this country 
 that the inhabitants cannot tell how to behave 
 themselves under such circumstances. And I re- 
 member, in frequent discourses with my master 
 concerning the nature of manhood in other parts of 
 the world, having occasion to talk of lying and false 
 representation, it was with much difficulty that he 
 comprehended what I meant, although he had other- 
 wise a most acute judgment; for he argued thus: 
 That the use of speech was to make us understand 
 one another, and to receive information of facts ; 
 now if any one said the thing which was not, those 
 ends were defeated, because I cannot properly be 
 said to understand him; and Jam so far from re- 
 
376 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 ceiving information that he leaves me worse than 
 in ignorance ; for I am led to believe a thing black 
 when it is white, and short when it is long. And 
 these were all the notions he had concerning that 
 faculty of lying, so perfectly well understood, and 
 so universally practiced among human creatures. 
 To return from this digression. "When I asserted 
 that the Yahoos were the only governing animals 
 in my country, which my master said was altogether 
 past his conception, he desired to know whether we 
 had Houyhnhnms among us, and what was their 
 employment? I told him we had great numbers; 
 that in summer they grazed in the fields, and in 
 winter were kept in houses with hay and oats, 
 where Yahoo servants were employed to rub their 
 skins smooth, comb their manes, pick their feet, 
 serve them with food, and make their beds. “TI 
 understand you well,” said my master ; “it is now 
 very plain, from all you have spoken, that whatever 
 share of reason the Yahoos pretend to, the Houy- 
 hnhnms are your masters. I heartily wish our 
 Yahoos would be so tractable.” I begged his honor 
 would please to excuse me from proceeding any 
 further, because I was very certain that the account 
 he expected from me would be highly displeasing. 
 But he insisted in commanding me to let him know 
 
 the best and the worst. I told him he should be 
 
 a ee ee eee » 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVHLS. 377 
 
 obeyed. I owned that the Houyhnhnms among us, 
 whom we called /orses, were the most generous and 
 comely animals we had; that they excelled in 
 strength and swiftness; and, when they belonged 
 to persons of quality, were employed in traveling, 
 racing, or drawing chariots; they were treated with 
 ‘much kindness and care till they fell into diseases, 
 ‘or became foundered in the feet; and then they 
 were sold, and used to all kind of drudgery till they 
 died; after which their skins were stripped, and 
 sold for what they were worth, and their bodies 
 left to be devoured by dogs and birds of prey. But 
 the common race of horses had not so good fortune, 
 being kept by farmers and carriers, and other mean 
 people, who put them to greater labor, and fed 
 them worse. I described, as well as I could, our 
 way of riding; the shape and use of a bridle, a 
 ‘saddle, a spur, and a whip; of harness and wheels. 
 I added that we fastened plates of a certain hard 
 ‘substance, called iron, at the bottom of their feet, 
 to preserve their hoofs from being broken by the 
 ‘stony ways on which we often traveled. 
 
 My master, after some expressions of great indig- 
 nation, wondered how we dared to venture upon a 
 Houyhnhnm’s back ; for he was sure that the weak- 
 est servant in his house would be able to shake off 
 ‘the strongest Yahoo, or, by lying down, and rolling 
 
378 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 on his back, squeeze the brute todeath. I answered, 
 that our horses were trained up, from three or four 
 years old, to the several uses we intended them for ; 
 that if any of them proved intolerably vicious, they 
 were employed for carriages ;* that they were 
 severely beaten, while they were young, for any 
 mischievous tricks ; that they were indeed sensible 
 of rewards and punishments; but his honor would 
 please to consider that they had not the least 
 tincture of reason, any more than the Yahoos in 
 this country. 
 
 It put me to the pains of many circumlocutions to 
 give my master a right idea of what I spoke; for 
 their language doth not abound in variety of words, 
 because their wants and passions are fewer than 
 among us. But it is impossible to express his noble 
 resentment at our savage treatment of the Houy- 
 hnhnm race. He said, if it were possible there 
 could be any country where Yahoos alone were 
 endued with reason, they certainly must be the 
 governing animal; because reason will, in time, 
 always prevail against brutal strength. But, con- 
 sidering the frame of our bodies, and especially of 
 mine, he thought no creature of equal bulk was so 
 ill contrived for employing that reason in the 
 
 * Wagons or heavy vehicles must be meant here, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 379 
 
 common offices of life; whereupon he desired to 
 know whether those among whom I lived resembled 
 me or the Yahoos of his country. I assured him 
 that I was as well shaped as most of my age; but 
 the younger, and the females, were much more soft 
 and tender, and the skins of the latter generally as 
 white as milk. He said I differed indeed from 
 other Yahoos, being much more cleanly, and not 
 altogether so deformed ; but, in point of real advan- 
 tage, he thought I differed for the worse. That my 
 nails were of no use either to my fore or hinder 
 foot. As to my forefeet, he could not properly 
 call them by that name, for he never observed 
 me towalk upon them; that they were too soft 
 to bear the ground; that I generally went with 
 them uncovered ; neither was the covering I some- 
 times wore on them of the same shape, or so strong 
 as that on my feet behind. That I could not walk 
 with any security, for if either of my hinder feet 
 ‘slipped, I must inevitably fall. He then began to 
 find fault with other parts of my body: the flatness 
 of my face, the prominence of my nose, mine eyes 
 placed directly in front, so that I could not look on 
 either side without turning my head; that I was 
 not able to feed myself without lifting one of my 
 forefeet to my mouth; and therefore nature had 
 placed those joints to answer that necessity. He 
 
380 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 knew not what could be the use of those several 
 clefts and divisions in my feet behind; that these 
 were too soft to bear the hardness and sharpness of 
 stones, without a covering made from the skin of 
 some other brute; that my whole body wanted a 
 fence* against heat and cold, which I was forced to 
 put on and off every day, with tediousness and 
 trouble. And lastly, that he observed every animal 
 in this country naturally to abhor the Yahoos, whom 
 the weaker avoided, and the stronger drove from 
 them. So that, supposing us to have the gift of 
 reason, he could not see how it were possible to cure 
 that natural antipathy which every creature dis- 
 covered against us; nor, consequently, how we could 
 tame and render them serviceable. However, he 
 would, as he said, debate the matter no further, be- 
 cause he was more desirious to know my own story, 
 
 the country where I was born, and the several 
 actions and events of my life before I came hither. 
 
 I assured him how extremely desirous I was that 
 he should be satisfied on every point; but I doubted 
 
 much whether it would be possible for me to explain 
 
 myself on several subjects, whereof his honor could 
 have no conception, because I saw nothing in his 
 
 country to which I could resemble them; that, 
 
 * Defense or protection. 
 
 —. 
 
’ 
 7 
 
 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 381 
 
 however, I would do my best, and strive to express 
 myself by similitudes, humbly desiring his assistance 
 when I wanted proper words; which he was pleased 
 to promise me. 
 
 I said my birth was of honest parents, in an 
 island called England, which was remote from this 
 country as many days’ journey as the strongest of 
 his honor’s servants could travel in the annual 
 course of the sun; that I was bred a surgeon, whose 
 trade is to cure wounds and hurts in the body, 
 
 gotten by accident or violence; that my country 
 ‘was governed by a female man, whom we called 
 ‘queen ; that I left it to get riches, whereby I might 
 ‘maintain myself and family, when I should return ; 
 ‘that in my last voyage I was commander of the 
 ‘ship, and had about fifty Yahoos under me, many 
 of which died at sea, and I was forced to supply 
 ‘them by others picked out from several nations ; 
 ‘that our ship was twice in danger of being sunk; 
 ‘the first time by a great storm, and the second by 
 
 striking against a rock. Here my master inter- 
 posed, by asking me how I could persuade 
 
 strangers, out of different countries, to venture with 
 
 me, after the losses I had sustained, and the hazards 
 Ihad run? I said they were fellows of desperate 
 fortunes, forced to fly from the places of their birth 
 ‘on account of their poverty or their crimes. Some 
 
382 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 were undone by lawsuits; others spent all they had 
 
 in drinking, debauchery, and gaming; others fled 
 
 for treason; many for murder, theft, poisoning, 
 robbery, perjury, forgery, coining false money, for 
 
 flying from their colors,* or deserting to the enemy ; 
 and most of them had broken prison: none of these 
 durst return to their native countries, for fear of — 
 being hanged, or of starving in a jail; and therefore — 
 they were under a necessity of seeking a livelihood 
 
 in other places, 
 
 During this discourse my master was pleased to 
 
 interrupt me several times. I had made use of 
 
 many circumlocutions in describing to him the > 
 
 nature of the several crimes for which most of our 
 
 crew had been forced to fly their country. This — 
 labor took up several days’ conversation before he | 
 was able to comprehend me. He was wholly at a 
 
 loss to know what could be the use or necessity of 
 
 i 
 | 
 cal 
 
 = 
 
 practicing those vices: to clear up which i 
 
 endeavored to give him some ideas of the desire of — 
 power and riches ; of the terrible effects of lust, in- 
 
 temperance, malice, and envy. All this I was 
 forced to define and describe by putting of cases, ; 
 and making of suppositions. After which, like 
 
 * Deserting from their regiment. 
 
 one whose imagination was struck with something — 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 383 
 
 never seen or heard of before, he would lift up his 
 eyes with amazement and indignation. Power, 
 government, war, law, punishment, and a thousand 
 other things had no terms wherein that language 
 could express them, which made the difficulty 
 almost insuperable, to give my master any concep- 
 tion of what I meant. But being of an excellent 
 understanding, much improved by contemplation 
 and converse, he at last arrived at a competent 
 knowledge of what human nature, in our parts of 
 the world, is capable to perform, and desired | 
 would give him some particular account of that land 
 which we call Europe, but especially of my own 
 country. 
 
384 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Author, at his Master’s command, informs him of the 
 state of England—The causes of war among the Princes 
 of Europe—The Author begins to explain the English Con- 
 stitution. 
 
 Tux reader may please to observe that the follow- 
 ing extract of many conversations I had with my 
 master contains a summary of the most material 
 points which were discoursed at several times for 
 above two years; his honor often desiring fuller 
 satisfaction, as I further improved in the Houyhn- 
 hnm tongue. I laid before him, as well as I could, — 
 the whole state of Europe; I discoursed of trade 
 and manufactures, of arts and sciences ; and the 
 answers I gave to all the questions he made, as they 
 arose upon several subjects, were a fund of conver. 
 sation not to be exhausted. But I shall here only — 
 set down the substance of what passed between us 
 concerning my own country, reducing it into order 
 as well as I can, without any regard to time or _ 
 other circumstances, while I strictly adhere to truth. 
 My only concern is, that I shall hardly be able to 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 385 
 
 do justice to my master’s arguments and expressions, 
 which must needs suffer by my want of capacity 
 as well as by a translation into our barbarous 
 English. 
 
 In obedience, therefore, to his honor’s commands, 
 I related to him the revolution under the Prince of 
 Orange ; the long war with France, entered into by 
 the said prince, and renewed by his successor, the 
 ‘present queen, wherein the greatest powers of 
 Christendom were engaged, and which still con- 
 tinued. I computed, at his request, that about a 
 million of Yahoos might have been killed in the 
 whole progress of it; and perhaps a hundred or 
 more cities taken, and five times as many ships 
 burned or sunk. 
 
 He asked me what were the usual causes or 
 motives that made one country go to war with 
 another? I answered they were innumerable, 
 but I should only mention a few of the chief. 
 Sometimes the ambition of princes, who never think 
 they have land or people enough to govern; some- 
 times the corruption of ministers, who engage their 
 master in a war in order to stifle or divert the 
 slamor of the subjects against their evil administra- 
 tion. Difference in opinions hath cost many 
 millions of lives; for instance, whether flesh be 
 bread, or bread be flesh; whether the juice of a 
 
386 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 certain berry be blood or wine;* whether whist- 
 ling be a vice or a virtue,t whether it be better to 
 kiss a post, or throw it into the fire ;{ what is the 
 best color for a coat, whether black, white, red, or 
 gray ;§ and whether it should be long or short, 
 narrow or wide, dirty or clean, with many more. 
 Neither are any wars so furious and bloody, or of 
 so long continuance, as those occasioned by differ- 
 ence in opinion, especially if it be in things indif- 
 ferent. 
 
 Sometimes the quarrel between two princes is to 
 decide which of them shall dispossess a third of his 
 dominions, where neither of them pretend to any 
 right. Sometimes one prince quarreleth with 
 another, for fear the other should quarrel with him. 
 Sometimes a war is entered upon because the 
 enemy is too strong, and sometimes because he is 
 too weak. Sometimes our neighbors want the 
 things which we have, or have the things which we 
 want, and we both fight till they take ours, or give 
 us theirs. It is a very justifiable cause of war to in- 
 vade a country after the people have been wasted 
 
 * These are allusions to the doctrine of transubstantiation. — 
 + Alluding to the use of music in churches. 
 t Alluding to the cross or crucifix. 
 
 § Alluding to the use of vestments in churches. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 387 
 
 by famine, destroyed by pestilence, or embroiled by 
 factions among themselves. It is justifiable to 
 enter into war against our nearest ally, when one of 
 his towns lies convenient for us, or a territory of 
 land that would render our dominions round and 
 compact. If a prince sends forces into a nation 
 where the people are poor and ignorant, he may 
 lawfully put half of them to death, and make slaves 
 of the rest, in order to civilize and reduce them 
 from their barbarous way of living. It is a very 
 kingly, honorable, and frequent practice, when one 
 ‘prince desires the assistance of another to secure 
 him against an invasion, that the assistant, when he 
 hath driven out the invader, should seize on the 
 dominions himself, and kill, imprison, or banish the 
 prince he came to relieve. Alliance by blood or 
 marriage is a frequent cause of war between princes ; 
 and the nearer the kindred is, the greater is their 
 ‘disposition to quarrel. Poor nations are hungry, 
 ‘and rich nations are proud; and pride and hunger 
 ‘will ever be at variance. For those reasons the 
 trade of a soldier is held the most honorable of all 
 others ; because the soldier is a Yahoo hired to kill, 
 in cold blood, as many of his own species, who have 
 never offended him, as possibly he can. . 
 There is likewise a kind of beggarly princes in 
 Europe, not able to make war by themselves, who 
 
388 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 hire out their troops to richer nations, for so much 
 a day to each man; of which they keep three- 
 fourths to themselves, and it is the best part of their 
 maintenance; such are those in many northern: 
 parts of Europe.* 
 
 What you have told me, said my master, upon the 
 subject of war, does, indeed, discover most admir- 
 ably the effects of that reason you pretend to; how- 
 ever, it is happy that the shame is greater than the 
 danger; and that nature hath left you utterly in. 
 capable of doing much mischief; for your mouths 
 lying flat with your faces, you can hardly bite each 
 other to any purpose, unless by consent. Then as 
 to the claws upon your feet, before and behind, they 
 . are so short and tender that one of our Yahoos 
 would drive a dozen of yours before him. And 
 therefore, in recounting the numbers of those who 
 have been killed in battle, I cannot but think that 
 you have said the thing which is not. 
 
 I could not forbear shaking my head, and smiling 
 a little at his ignorance. And being no stranger to 
 the art of war, I gave him a description of cannons, 
 culverins, muskets, carabines, pistols, bullets, pow- : 
 der, swords, bayonets, battles, sieges, retreats, at- 
 tacks, undermines, countermines, bombardments, 
 
 * Some of the princes of the smaller German states did so, _ 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 389 
 
 sea-fights, ships sunk with a thousand men, twenty 
 thousand killed on each side, dying groans, limbs 
 flying in the air, smoke, noise, confusion, trampling 
 to death under horses’ feet, flight, pursuit, victory ; 
 fields strewed with carcasses, left for food to dogs, 
 and wolves, and birds of prey; plundering, strip- 
 ping, burning, and destroying. And to set forth 
 the valor of my own dear countrymen, I assured 
 him that I had seen them blow up a hundred ene- 
 mies at once in a siege, and as many ina ship; and 
 beheld the dead bodies drop down in pieces from 
 the clouds, to the great diversion of the spectators. 
 I was going on to more particulars, when my 
 master commanded me silence. He said whoever 
 understood the nature of Yahoos might easily be- 
 lieve it possible for so vile an animal to be capable 
 of every action I had named, if their strength and 
 cunning equaled their malice. But as my discourse 
 had increased his abhorrence of the whole species, so 
 he found it gave him a disturbance in his mind, to 
 which he was wholly a stranger before. He thought 
 his ears, being used to such abominable words, 
 might, by degrees, admit them with less detesta- 
 tion; that although he hated the Yahoos of this 
 country, yet he no more blamed them for their 
 odious qualities than he did a gnnayh (a bird of 
 prey) for its cruelty, or a sharp stone for cutting his 
 
390 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 hoof. But when a creature pretending to reason 
 could be capable of such enormities, he dreaded lest 
 the corruption of that faculty might be worse than 
 brutality itself. He seemed, therefore, confident, 
 that, instead of reason, we were only possessed of, 
 
 some quality fitted to increase our natural vices: as 
 the reflection from a troubled stream returns the 
 image of an ill-shapen body, not only larger, but 
 more distorted. 
 
 He added that he had heard too much upon the. 
 subject of war, both in this and some former dis- 
 courses. There was another point which a little 
 perplexed him at present. I had informed him that: 
 some of our crew left their country on account of 
 being ruined by law; that I had already explained 
 the meaning of the word; but he was at a loss how 
 it should come to pass, that the law, which was in-. 
 
 country ; because he thought nature and reason 
 were sufficient guides for a reasonable animal, as we 
 pretended to be, in showing us what we ought to 
 do, and what to avoid. | 
 
 I assured his honor that law was a science in 
 which I had not much conversed, further than by 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 391 
 
 employing advocates, in vain, upon some injustices 
 that had been done me; however, I would give him 
 all the satisfaction I was able. 
 I said there was a society of men among us, bred 
 up from their youth in the art of proving, by words 
 ‘multiplied for the purpose, that white is black, and 
 ‘lack is white ; according as they are paid. To this 
 “society all the rest of the people are slaves. For 
 example, if my neighbor has a mind to my cow, he 
 has a lawyer to prove that he ought to have my 
 ‘cow from me. I must then hire another to defend 
 my right, it being against all rules of law that any 
 man should be allowed to speak for himself. Now, 
 in this case, I, who am the right owner, lie under 
 two great disadvantages: first, my lawyer, being 
 practiced almost from his cradle in defending false- 
 hood, is quite out of his element when he would be 
 ‘an advocate for justice, which is an unnatural office 
 he always attempts with great awkwardness, if not 
 with ill-will. The second disadvantage is, that my 
 | lawyer must proceed with great caution, or else he 
 will be reprimanded by the judges, and abhorred by 
 ‘his brethren, as one that would lessen the practice 
 of the law. And therefore I have but two methods 
 to preserve my cow. The first is, to gain over my 
 
 | eeorsary” s lawyer with a double fee: who will then 
 betray his client, by insinuating that he has justice 
 
 | 
 ) 
 | 
 . 
 } 
 | 
 
392 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 on his side. The second way is, for my lawyer to 
 make my cause appear as unjust as he can, by allow- 
 ing the cow to belong to my adversary : and this, if 
 it be skillfully done, will certainly bespeak the favor 
 of the bench. Now your honor is to know that. 
 these judges are persons appointed to decide all con- 
 troversies of property, as well as for the trial of 
 criminals, and picked out from the most dexterous 
 lawyers, who are grown old or lazy; and having 
 been biased all their lives against truth and equity, 
 lie under such a fatal necessity of favoring fraud, 
 perjury, and oppression, that I have known some of 
 them refuse a large bribe from the side where 
 justice lay, rather than injure the faculty, by doing 
 anything unbecoming their nature or their office. 
 
 It is a maxim among these lawyers that what- 
 ever has been done before may legally be done 
 again; and therefore they take special care to re- 
 cord all the decisions formerly made against com- 
 mon justice and the general reason of mankind. 
 These, under the name of precedents, they produce 
 as authorities to justify the most iniquitous opin- 
 ions ; and the judges never fail of directing accord- 
 ingly. 
 
 In pleading they studiously avoid entering into 
 the merits of the cause, but are loud, violent, and 
 tedious in dwelling upon all circumstances which 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 393 
 
 are not to the purpose. For instance, in the case 
 already mentioned, they never desire to know what 
 claim or title my adversary has to my cow; but 
 whether the said cow were red or black; her horns 
 long or short ; whether the field I graze her in be 
 round or square; whether she was milked at home 
 or abroad ; what diseases she is subject to, and the 
 like; after which they consult precedents, adjourn 
 the cause from time to time, and in ten, twenty, or 
 thirty years come to an issue. 
 
 It is likewise to be observed that this society has 
 a peculiar cant and jargon of their own that no 
 other mortal can understand, and wherein all their 
 laws are written, which they take special care to 
 multiply ; whereby they have wholly confounded 
 the very essence of truth and falsehood, of right and 
 wrong ; so that it will take thirty years to decide 
 whether the field left me by my ancestors for six 
 generations belongs to me, or to a stranger three 
 hundred miles off. 
 In the trial of persons accused for crime against 
 the state, the method is much more short and com- 
 mendable: the judge first sends to sound the dis- 
 position of those in power; after which she can 
 easily hang or save a criminal, strictly preserving 
 all due forms of law. 
 
 Here my master interposing, said it was a pity 
 
394 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 that creatures endowed with such prodigious abili- 
 ties of mind as these lawyers, by the description I 
 gave of them, must certainly be, were not rather 
 encouraged to be instructors of others in wisdom 
 and knowledge. In answer to which I assured his 
 honor that in all points out of their own trade they 
 were usually the most ignorant and stupid gener- 
 ation among us, the most despicable in common con- 
 versation, avowed enemies to all knowledge and 
 learning, and equally disposed to pervert the gen- 
 eral reason of mankind in every other subject of 
 discourse as in that of their own profession. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. | 395 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 A continuation of the State of England under Queen Anne— 
 The Character of a First Minister of State in European 
 Courts. 
 
 My master was yet wholly at a loss to understand 
 what motives could incite this race of lawyers to 
 perplex, disquiet, and weary themselves, and engage 
 in a confederacy of injustice, merely for the sake of 
 injuring their fellow-animals; neither could he 
 comprehend what I meant in saying they did it for 
 hire: whereupon I was at much pains to describe to 
 him the use of money, the materials it was made of, 
 and the value of the metals; that when a Yahoo 
 had got a great store of this precious substance he 
 was able to purchase whatever he had a mind to; 
 the finest clothing, the noblest houses, great tracts 
 of land, the most costly meats and drinks. There- 
 fore, since money alone was able to perform all 
 these feats, our Yahoos thought they could never 
 have enough of it to spend, or to save, as they found 
 themselves inclined, from their natural bent, either 
 
396 | GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 to profusion or avarice; that the rich men enjoyed — 
 
 the fruit of the poor man’s labor, and the latter 
 were a thousand to one in proportion to the former ; 
 that the bulk of our people were forced to live 
 miserably, by laboring every day for small wages, 
 to make a few live plentifully. 
 
 I enlarged myself much on these, and many other 
 particulars, to the same purpose; but his honor was 
 still to seek,* for he went upon a supposition that 
 all animals had a title to their share in the pro- 
 ductions of the earth, and especially those who 
 
 presided over the rest. Therefore he desired I 
 
 would let him know what these costly meats were, 
 
 and how any of us happened to want them? 
 Whereupon I enumerated as many sorts as came — 
 into my head, with the various methods of dressing © 
 them, which could not be done without sending — 
 
 vessels by sea to every part of the world, as well 
 for liquors to drink as for sauces, and innumerable 
 other conveniences. I assured him that this whole 
 globe of earth must be at least three times gone 
 round before one of our better female Yahoos 
 
 could get her breakfast, or a cup to put it in. He 
 
 said that must needs be a miserable country which 
 
 cannot furnish food for its own inhabitants. But 
 
 At a loss; puzzled. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 397 
 
 what he chiefly wondered at was, how such vast 
 tracts of ground as I described should be wholly 
 without fresh water, and the people put to the 
 necessity of sending over the sea for drink. [| 
 replied that England (the dear place of my nativity) 
 was computed to produce three times the quantity 
 of food more than its inhabitants are able to con- 
 sume, as well as liquors extracted from grain, or 
 pressed out of the fruit of certain trees, which made 
 excellent drink, and the same proportion in every 
 other convenience of life. But in order to feed the 
 luxury and intemperance of the males, and the 
 vanity of the females, we sent away the greatest 
 part of our necessary things to other countries, from 
 whence, in return, we brought the materials of 
 diseases, folly, and vice, to spend among ourselves. 
 Hence it follows, of necessity, that vast numbers of 
 our people are compelled to seek their livelihood by 
 begging, robbing, stealing, cheating, flattering, 
 suborning, forswearing, forging, gaming, lying, 
 fawning, hectoring, voting, scribbling, star-gazing, 
 poisoning, canting, libeling, free-thinking, and the 
 like occupations: every one of which terms was at 
 much pains to make him understand, 
 
 That wine was not imported among us from 
 foreign countries to supply the want of water or 
 other drinks, but because it was a sort of liquid 
 
398 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 which made us merry, by putting us out of our 
 senses, diverted all melancholy thoughts, begat wild, 
 extravagant imaginations in the brain, raised our 
 hopes and banished our fears, suspended every 
 office of reason for a time, and deprived us of the 
 use of our limbs, till we fell into a profound sleep ; 
 although it must be confessed that we always 
 awaked sick and dispirited, and that the use of this 
 liquor filled us with diseases which made our lives 
 uncomfortable and short. 
 
 But, beside all this, the bulk of our people sup- 
 ported themselves by furnishing the necessities or 
 conveniences of life to the rich, and to each other. 
 For instance, when I am at home, and dressed as I 
 ought to be, I carry on my body the workmanship 
 of an hundred tradesmen, the building and furniture 
 of my house employ as many more, and five times 
 the number to adorn my wife. 
 
 I was going on to tell him of another sort of 
 people, who get their livelihood by attending the 
 sick, having upon some occasions informed his honor 
 that many of my crew had died of diseases. But 
 here it was with the utmost difficulty that I brought 
 him to apprehend what I meant. He could easily 
 conceive that a Houyhnhnm grew weak and heavy 
 a few days before his death, or by some accident 
 might hurt a limb; but that nature, who works all 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 399 
 
 things to perfection, should suffer any pains to breed 
 in our bodies he thought impossible, and desired to 
 know the reason of so unaccountable an evil. 
 _ I told him we fed on a thousand things which 
 operated contrary to each other; that we eat when 
 we were not hungry, and drank without the provo- 
 cation of thirst; that we sate whole nights drinking 
 strong liquors, without eating a bit, which disposed 
 us to sloth, inflamed our bodies, and precipitated or 
 prevented digestion ; that many diseases were prop- 
 agated from father to son, so that great numbers 
 come into the world with complicated maladies 
 upon them: that it would be endless to give him a 
 catalogue of all diseases incident to human bodies, 
 for they could not be fewer than five or six hundred, 
 spread over every limb and joint; in short, every 
 part, external and intestine, having diseases appro- 
 priated to itself: to remedy which there was a sort 
 of people bred up among us in the profession, or the 
 _ pretense, of curing the sick. 
 But, besides real diseases, we are subject to many 
 that were only imaginary, for which the physicians 
 have invented imaginary cures; these have their 
 several names, and so have the drugs that are proper 
 for them; and with these our female Yahoos are 
 always infested. 
 
 One great excellency in this tribe is their skill at 
 
400) GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 
 
 prognostics, wherein they seldom fail; their predic- 
 tions in real diseases, when they rise to any degree 
 of malignity, generally portending death, which is 
 always in their power, when recovery is not; and, 
 therefore, upon any unexpected signs of amend- 
 ment, after they have pronounced their sentence, 
 rather than be accused as false prophets, they know 
 how to approve their sagacity to the world by a sea- 
 sonable dose. 
 
 They are likewise of special use to husbands and 
 wives who are grown weary of their mates, to eldest 
 sons, to great ministers of state, and often to 
 princes. ’ 
 
 I had formerly, upon occasion, discoursed with 
 my master upon the nature of government in gen- 
 eral, and particularly of our own excellent constitu- 
 tion, deservedly the wonder and envy of the whole 
 world. But, having here accidentally mentioned a 
 minister of state, he commanded me, some time 
 after, to inform him what species of Yahoo I had 
 particularly meant by that appellation. 
 
 I told him that a first or chief minister of state, 
 who was the person I intended to describe, was a 
 creature wholly exempt from joy and grief, love 
 and hatred, pity and anger; at least, makes use of — 
 no other passions but a violent desire of wealth, — 
 power, and titles; that he applies his words to all 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 401 
 
 uses, except to the indication of his mind; that he 
 never tells a truth, but with an intent that you 
 should take it for a lie; nor a lie, but with a design 
 that you should take it for a truth; that those he 
 speaks worst of behind their backs are in the surest 
 way to preferment; and whenever he begins to 
 praise you to others, or to yourself, you are from 
 that day forlorn. The worst mark you can receive 
 is a promise, especially when it is confirmed with 
 an oath; after which every wise man retires, and 
 gives over all hopes. 
 
 There are various methods by which a man may 
 rise to be chief minister; as by betraying or under- 
 mining his predecessor, or by a furious zeal in public 
 assemblies against the corruptions of the court. 
 But a wise prince would rather choose to employ 
 those who practise the last of these methods : be- 
 cause such zealots prove always the most obsequious 
 and subservient to the will and passions of their 
 master. That these ministers, having all employ- 
 ments at their disposal, preserve themselves in 
 power by bribing the majority of a senate or great 
 council; and at last, by an expedient called an act 
 of indemnity (whereof I described the nature to 
 him), they secure themselves from after-reckonings, 
 and retire from the public, laden with the spoils of 
 the nation. 
 
402 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 The palace of a chief minister is a seminary to 
 breed up others in his own trade; the pages, lackeys, 
 and porter, by imitating their master, become min- 
 isters of state in their several districts, and learn to 
 excel in the three principal ingredients of insolence, 
 lying, and bribery. Accordingly, they have a sub- 
 altern* court paid to them by persons of the first 
 rank; and sometimes, by the force of dexterity and 
 impudence, arrive, through several gradations, to be 
 successors to their lord. 
 
 One day, in discourse, my master having heard 
 me mention the nobility of my country, was pleased 
 to make me a compliment which I could not pretend 
 to deserve: That he was sure I must have been 
 born of some noble family, because I far exceeded 
 in shape, color, and cleanliness all the Yahoos of his 
 nation, although I seemed to fail in strength and 
 agility, which must be imputed to my different way 
 of living from those other brutes; and, besides, I 
 was not only endowed with the faculty of speech, 
 but likewise with some rudiments of reason, to a 
 degree that, with all his acquaintance, I passed for 
 a prodigy. 
 
 He made me observe that among the Houyhnhnms 
 the white, the sorrel, and the iron-gray were not 
 
 * Subordinate ; of inferior degree. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 403 
 
 so exactly shaped as the bay, the dapple-gray, and 
 the black; nor born with equal talents of mind, or 
 a capacity to improve them, and therefore continued 
 always in the condition of servants, without ever 
 aspiring to match out of their own race, which, in 
 that country, would be reckoned monstrous and 
 unnatural. 
 
 I made his honor my most humble acknowledg- 
 ments for the good opinion he was pleased to con- 
 ceive of me, but assured him, at the same time, that 
 my birth was of the lower sort, having been born of 
 plain, honest parents, who were just able to give 
 me a tolerable education; that nobility among us 
 was altogether a different thing from the idea he 
 had of it; that our young noblemen are bred from 
 their childhood in idleness and luxury; that when 
 their fortunes are almost ruined they marry some 
 woman of mean birth, disagreeable person, and un- 
 sound constitution (merely for the sake of money), 
 whom they hate and despise; that a weak, diseased 
 body, a meager countenance, and sallow complexion 
 are the true marks of noble blood; and a healthy, 
 robust appearance is disgraceful in a man of quality. 
 The imperfections of his mind run parailel with 
 those of his body, being a composition of spleen,* 
 dullness, ignorance, caprice, sensuality, and pride. 
 
 i ne et 
 
 *Tll temper, or peevishness. 
 
404 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 Without the consent of this illustrious body, no 
 law can be enacted, repealed, or altered ; and these 
 nobles have likewise the decision of all our posses- 
 sions, without appeal. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 405 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Author’s great Love of his native Country—His Master’s 
 observations upon the Constitution and Administration 
 of England, as described by the Author, with Parallel 
 Cases and Comparisons—His Master’s observations upon 
 Human Nature. 
 
 Tur reader may be disposed to wonder how I 
 could prevail on myself to give so free a represen- 
 tation of my own species, among arace of mortals 
 who are already too apt to conceive the vilest 
 opinion of humankind, from that entire congruity 
 betwixt me and their Yahoos. But I must freely 
 confess, that the many virtues of those excellent 
 quadrupeds, placed in opposite view to human 
 corruptions, had so far opened my eyes, and enlarged 
 my understanding, that I began to view the actions 
 and passions of man in a very different light, and to 
 think the honor of my own kind not worth man- 
 aging ;* which, besides, it was impossible for me to 
 do before a person of so acute a judgment as my 
 master, who daily convinced me of a thousand 
 
 * Dealing gently or sparingly with it. 
 
406 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 faults in myself, whereof I had not the least per. 
 ception before, and which, with us, would never be 
 numbered even among human infirmities. I had 
 likewise learned, from his example, an utter detest- 
 ation of all falsehood or disguise; and truth ap- 
 peared so amiable* to me that I determined upon 
 sacrificing everything to it. 
 
 Let me deal so candidly with the reader as to 
 confess that there was yet a much stronger motive 
 for the freedom I took in my representation of 
 things. I had not been a year in this country be- 
 fore I contracted such a love and veneration for the 
 inhabitants that I entered on a firm resolution 
 never to return to humankind, but to pass the rest 
 of my life among these admirable Houyhnhnms, in 
 the contemplation and practice of every virtue, 
 where I could have no, example or incitement to 
 vice. But it was decreed by fortune, my perpetual 
 enemy, that so great a felicity should not fall to my 
 share. However, it is now some comfort to reflect 
 that in what I said of my countrymen I extenuated 
 their faults as much as I durst before so strict an 
 examiner, and upon every article gave as favorable 
 a turn as the matter would bear. For, indeed, who 
 is there alive that will not be swayed by his bias 
 and partiality to the place of his birth ? 
 
 * Deserving to be prized or loved. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 407 
 
 I have related the substance of several conver- 
 sations I had with my master during the greatest 
 part of the time I had the honor to be in his 
 service, but have, indeed, for brevity’s sake, omitted 
 much more than is here set down, 
 
 When I had answered all his questions, and his 
 curiosity seemed to be fully satisfied, he sent for me 
 one morning early, and commanded me to sit down 
 at some distance (an honor which he had never be- 
 fore conferred upon me). He said he had been 
 very seriously considering my whole story, as far 
 as it related both to myself and my country ; that 
 he looked upon us as a sort of animals, to whose 
 share, by what accident he could not conjecture, 
 some small pittance of reason had fallen, whereof 
 we made no other use than, by its assistance, to 
 aggravate our natural corruptions, and to acquire 
 new ones which nature had not given us; that we 
 disarmed ourselves of the few abilities she had be- 
 stowed, had been very successful in multiplying our 
 original wants, and seemed to spend our whole lives 
 in vain endeavors to supply them by our own 
 inventions; that as to myself it was manifest I had 
 neither the strength nor agility of a common Yahoo; 
 that I walked infirmly on my hinder feet, had found 
 out a contrivance to make my claws of no use or 
 defense, and to remove the hair from my chin, 
 
408 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 which was intended as a shelter from the sun and 
 the weather ; lastly, that I could neither run with 
 speed, nor climb trees like my brethren, as he 
 called them, the Yahoos in his country. 
 
 That our institutions of government and law were 
 plainly owing to our gross defects in reason, and by 
 consequence in virtue; because reason alone is suffi- 
 cient to govern a rational creature; which was, 
 therefore, a character we had no pretense to 
 challenge,* even from the account I had given of my 
 own people; although he manifestly perceived that, 
 in order to favor them, I had concealed many par- 
 ticulars, and often said the thing which was not. 
 
 He was the more confirmed in this opinion be- 
 cause he observed that, as I agreed in every 
 feature of my body with other Yahoos, except 
 where it was to my real disadvantage, in point of 
 strength, speed, and activity, the shortness of my 
 claws, and some other particulars, where nature had 
 no part; so from the representation I had given 
 him of our lives, our manners, and our actions, he 
 found as near a resemblance in the disposition of 
 our minds. He said the Yahoos were known to hate 
 one another more than they did any different 
 species of animals; and the reason usually assigned 
 
 * Claim. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 409 
 
 was the odiousness of their own shapes, which all 
 could see in the rest, but not in themselves. He 
 had therefore begun to think it not unwise in us to 
 cover our bodies, and by that invention conceal 
 many of our own deformities from each other, 
 which would else be hardly supportable. But he 
 now found he had been mistaken, and that the dis- 
 sensions of those brutes in his country were owing 
 to the same cause with ours, as I had described 
 them. For if, said he, you throw among five 
 _ Yahoos as much food as would be sufficient for fifty, 
 they will, instead of eating peaceably, fall together 
 _ by the ears, each single one impatient to have all to 
 itself ; and therefore a servant was usually employed 
 to stand by while they were feeding abroad, and 
 those kept at home were tied at a distance from 
 each other; that if a cow died of age or accident, 
 before a Houyhnhnm could secure it for his own 
 Yahoos, those in the neighborhood would come in 
 herds to seize it, and then would ensue such a battle 
 _as I had described, with terrible wounds, made by 
 their claws, on both sides, although they seldom 
 were able to kill one another, for want of such con- 
 venient instruments of death as we had invented. At 
 other times, the like battles have been fought be- 
 tween the Yahoos of several neighborhoods, with- 
 out any visible cause; those of one district watching 
 
410 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 all opportunities to surprise the next, before 
 they are prepared. But if they find their project 
 hath miscarried, they return home, and for want of 
 
 enemies engage in what I call a civil war among 
 
 themselves. 
 That in some fields of his country there are 
 
 certain shining stones of several colors, whereof the 
 
 Yahoos are violently fond; and when part of these 
 stones is fixed in the earth, as it sometimes hap- 
 peneth, they will dig with their claws for whole 
 days to get them out; then carry them away, and 
 hide them by heaps in their kennels ; but still look- 
 
 ing round with great caution, for fear their com- | 
 rades should find out their treasure. My master 
 said he could never discover the reason of this un-— 
 natural appetite, or how these stones could be of 
 
 any use to a Yahoo; but now he believed it might 
 proceed from the same principle of avarice which I 
 
 had ascribed to mankind: that he had once, by way | 
 of experiment, privately removed a heap of these 
 
 stones from the place where one of his Yahoos had 
 buried it; whereupon the sordid animal, missing 
 his treasure, by his loud lamenting brought the 
 whole herd to the place, there miserably howled, 
 then fell to biting and tearing the rest, began to 
 
 pine away, would neither eat, nor sleep, nor work, © 
 
 till he ordered a servant privately to convey the 
 
 nai 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 411 
 
 stones into the same hole, and hide them as before; 
 which, when his Yahoo had found, he presently 
 recovered his spirits and good-humor, but took care 
 to remove them to a better hiding-place, and hath 
 ever since been a very serviceable brute. 
 
 My master further assured me, which I also 
 observed myself, that in the fields where the 
 shining stones abound, the fiercest and most 
 frequent battles are fought, occasioned by perpetual 
 Imroads of the neighboring Yahoos. 
 
 He said, it was common when two Yahoos dis- 
 covered such a stone in a field, and were contending 
 which of them should be the proprietor, a third 
 ‘would take the advantage, and carry it away from 
 ‘them both; which my master would needs contend 
 to have some kind of resemblance with our suits at 
 law; wherein I thought it for our credit not to 
 undeceive him; since the decision he mentioned 
 ‘was much more equitable than many decrees among 
 us; because the plaintiff and defendant there lost 
 mothing besides the stone they contended for; 
 ‘whereas our courts of equity would never have dis- 
 ‘missed the cause while either of them had anything 
 left. | 
 
 My master continuing his discourse, said there 
 ‘was nothing that rendered the Yahoos more odious 
 
 than their undistinguishing appetite to devour 
 
412 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 everything that came in their way, whether herbs, 
 roots, berries, the corrupted flesh of animals, or all 
 mingled together: and it was peculiar in their 
 temper that they were fonder of what they could 
 get by rapine or stealth, at a greater distance, than 
 much better food provided for them at home. If 
 their prey held out, they would eat till they were 
 ready to burst. | 
 
 There was a kind of root, very juicy, but some- 
 what rare and difficult to be found, which the Yahoos 
 sought for with much eagerness, and would suck 
 it with great delight: it produced in them the same 
 effects that wine hath upon us. It would make 
 them sometimes hug, and sometimes tear one 
 another: they would howl, and grin, and chatter, 
 and reel, and tumble, and then fall asleep in the dirt. 
 
 I did indeed observe that the Yahoos were the 
 only animals in this country subject to any diseases ;_ 
 which, however, were much fewer than horses have 
 among us, and contracted, not by any ill treatment 
 they meet with, but by the nastiness and greediness— 
 of that sordid brute. Neither has their language 
 any more than a general appellation for those mala- 
 dies which is borrowed from the name of the beast, 
 and called /Znea-yahoo, or the Yahoo’s-evil. 
 
 As to learning, government, arts, manufactures, 
 and the like, my master confessed he could find 
 
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 413 
 
 little or no resemblance between the Yahoos of that 
 country and those in ours; for he only meant to 
 observe what parity there was in our natures. He 
 had heard, indeed, some curious Houyhnhnms ob- 
 serve that in most herds there was a sort of ruling 
 Yahoo (as among us there is generally some leading 
 or principal stag in a park), who was always more 
 deformed in body and mischievous in disposition 
 than any of the rest; that this leader had usually a 
 favorite as like himself as he could get. This favor- 
 ite is hated by the whole herd, and, therefore, to 
 protect himself, keeps always near the person of his 
 leader. He usually continues in office till a worse 
 can be found; but the very moment he is discarded, 
 his successor, at the head of all the Yahoos in that 
 district, young and old, male and female, come in a 
 ‘body and maltreat him. How far this might be 
 applicable to our courts, and favorites, and minis- 
 ters of state, my master said I could best determine. 
 I durst make no return to this malicious insinua- 
 ‘tion, which debased human understanding below 
 ‘the sagacity of a common hound, who has jude- 
 ment enough to distinguish and follow the cry cf 
 the ablest dog in the pack, without being ever 
 mistaken. 
 
 My master told me there were some qualities re- 
 markable in the Yahoos, which he had not observed 
 
414 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 me to mention, or at least very slightly, in the ac- 
 counts I had given him of humankind. One thing. 
 he wondered at in the Yahoos was their strange 
 disposition to nastiness and dirt ; whereas there ap- 
 pears to be a natural love of cleanliness in all other 
 animals. 
 
 Another quality which his servants had discovered 
 in several Yahoos to him was wholly unaccount-| 
 able. He said a fancy would sometimes take a 
 Yahoo to retire into a corner, to lie down, and 
 howl and groan, and spurn away all that came near 
 him, although he were young and fat, wanted 
 neither food nor water; nor could the servants 
 imagine what could possibly ail him. And the 
 only remedy they found was to set him to hard 
 work, after which he would infallibly come to him- 
 self. To this I was silent, out of partiality to my 
 own kind; yet here I could plainly discover the 
 true seeds of spleen,* which only seizes on the lazy, 
 the luxurious, and the rich; who, if they were 
 forced to undergo the same regimen, I would under- 
 take for the cure. 
 
 At times if a female stranger came among them 
 three or four of her own sex would get about her, 
 and stare, and chatter, and grin, and smell her all 
 
 * Dullness or peevishness without any sufficient cause. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 415 
 
 over, and then turn off, with gestures that seemed 
 to express contempt and disdain. 
 
 Perhaps my master might refine a little in these 
 speculations, which he had drawn from what he ob- 
 served himself, or had been told him by others; 
 however, I could not reflect, without some amaze- 
 ment and much sorrow, that the rudiments of 
 coquetry, censure, and scandal should have place 
 by instinct in womankind. 
 
416 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The Author relates several Particulars of the Yahoos—The 
 great Virtues of the Houyhnhnms—The Education and 
 Exercise of their Youth—Their General Assembly. 
 
 As I ought to have understood human nature 
 much better than I supposed it possible for my 
 master to do, so it was easy to apply the character 
 he gave of the Yahoos to myself and my country- 
 men; and I believed I could yet make further dis- 
 coveries from my own observation. I therefore 
 often begged his honor to let me go among the 
 herds of Yahoos in the neighborhood ; to which he 
 always very graciously consented, being perfectly 
 convinced that the hatred I bore those brutes would 
 never suffer me to be corrupted by them; and his 
 honor ordered one of his servants, a strong sorrel 
 nag, very honest and good-natured, to be my guard; 
 without whose protection I durst not undertake 
 such adventures; for I have already told the reader 
 how much I was pestered by those odious animals 
 upon my first arrival; and I afterwards failed very 
 narrowly, three or four times, of falling into their 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 417 
 
 clutches, when I happened to stray at any distance 
 without my hanger. And I have reason to believe 
 they had some imagination that I was of their own 
 species; which I often assisted myself by stripping 
 up my sleeves, and showing my naked arms and 
 breast in their sight when my protector was with 
 me. At which times they would approach as near 
 as they durst, and imitate my actions, after the 
 manner of monkeys, but ever with great signs of 
 hatred ; as a tame jackdaw, with cap and stockings, 
 is always persecuted by the wild ones, when he hap- 
 pens to be got among them. 
 
 They are prodigiously nimble from their infancy. 
 ‘However, I once caught a young male of three 
 ‘years old, and endeavored, by all marks of tender- 
 ‘ness, to make it quiet; but the little imp fell a 
 squalling, and scratching, and biting with such vio- 
 
 lence that I was forced to let it go; and it was high 
 ‘time ; for a whole troop of old ones came about us 
 -at the noise, but finding the cub was safe (for away 
 it ran), and my sorrel nag being by, they durst not 
 
 venture near us. | 
 
 But what I could discover the Yahoos appear to 
 be the most unteachable of all animals; their capac- 
 ities never reaching higher than to draw or carry 
 burdens. Yet I am of opinion this defect ariseth 
 chiefly from a perverse, restive disposition ; for they 
 
418 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 are cunning, malicious, treacherous, and revengeful. 
 They are strong and hardy, but of a cowardly spirit, 
 and by consequence, insolent, abject, and cruel. 
 The Houyhnhnms keep the Yahoos for present 
 use in huts not far from the house; but the rest are 
 sent abroad to certain fields, where they dig up 
 roots, eat several kinds of herbs, and search about 
 for carrion, or sometimes catch weasels and luhimuhs 
 (a sort of wild rat), which they greedily devour. 
 Nature hath taught them to dig deep holes with 
 their nails on the side of a rising ground, wherein 
 
 they lie by themselves; only the kennels of the 
 
 femaies are larger, sufficient to hold two or three 
 
 cubs. 
 
 They swim from their infancy like frogs, and are 
 able to continue long under water, where they often 
 take fish, which the females carry home to their 
 young. 
 
 Having lived three years in this country, the 
 
 reader, I suppose, will expect that I should, like 
 
 other travelers, give him some account of the man-— 
 
 ners and customs of its inhabitants, which it was_ 
 
 indeed my principal study to learn. 
 
 As these noble Houyhnhnms are endowed by 
 
 nature with a general disposition to all virtues, and_ 
 
 have no conceptions or ideas of what is evil in a- 
 
 rational creature, so their grand maxim is, to culti- 
 
 i 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 419 
 
 vate reason, and to be wholly governed by it. 
 Neither is reason among them a point problemat- 
 ieal, as with us, where men can argue with plausi- 
 bility on both sides of a question, but strikes you 
 with immediate conviction, as it must needs do, 
 where it is not mingled, obscured, or discolored, by 
 passion and interest. JI remember it was with ex- 
 treme difficulty that I could bring my master to 
 understand the meaning of the word opinion, or 
 how a point could be disputable; because reason 
 taught us to affirm or deny only where we are cer- 
 tain; and beyond our knowledge we cannot do 
 either; so that controversies, wranglings, disputes, 
 and positiveness, in false or dubious propositions, are 
 evils unknown among the Houyhnhnms. In like 
 manner, when I used to explain to him our several 
 systems of natural philosophy, he would laugh, that 
 a creature pretending to reason should value itself 
 upon the knowledge of other people’s conjectures, 
 and in things where that knowledge, if it were cer- 
 tain, could be of no use. Wherein he agreed entirely 
 with the sentiments of Socrates, as Plato delivers 
 them; which I mention as the highest honor I can 
 do that prince of philosophers. I have often since 
 reflected what destruction such a doctrine would 
 
 make in the libraries of Europe, and how many 
 
420 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 paths to fame would be then shut up in the learned 
 world. | 
 
 Friendship and benevolence are the two principal 
 virtues among the Houyhnhnms, and these not con- 
 fined to particular objects, but universal to the 
 whole race; for a stranger from the remotest part 
 is equally treated with the nearest neighbor, and 
 wherever he goes, looks upon himself as at home. 
 They preserve decency and civility in the highest 
 degrees, but are altogether ignorant of ceremony. 
 They have no fondness for their colts or foals, but 
 the care they take in educating them proceeds en-| 
 tirely from the dictates of reason. And I observed 
 my master to show the same affection to his neigh- 
 bor’s issue that he had for his own. They will have 
 it that nature teaches them to love the whole 
 species, and it is reason only that maketh a dis-. 
 tinction of persons where there is a superior degreg | 
 of virtue. 
 
 Courtship, love, presents, jointures, settlements, 
 have no place in their thoughts, or terms whereby 
 to express them in their language. The young 
 couple meet and are joined, merely because it is the 
 determination of their parents and friends; it is. 
 what they see done every day, and they look upon 
 it as one of the necessary actions of a rational being; 1 
 and the married pair pass their lives with the same 
 
 eee 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 421 
 
 friendship and mutual benevolence that they bear 
 to all others of the same species who come in their 
 way, without jealousy, fondness, quarreling, or 
 discontent. 
 
 In educating the youth of both sexes their method 
 is admirable, and highly deserves our imitation. 
 ‘These are not suffered to taste a grain of oats, ex- 
 cept upon certain days, till eighteen years old; nor 
 milk, but very rarely; and in summer they graze 
 two hours in the morning, and as long in the even- 
 ‘ing, which their parents likewise observe; but the 
 servants are not allowed above half that time, and 
 ‘a great part of their grass is brought home, which 
 they eat at the most convenient hours, when they 
 ‘can be best spared from work. 
 
 Temperance, industry, exercise, and cleanliness 
 are the lessons equally enjoined to the young ones 
 of both sexes; and my master thought it monstrous 
 in us to give the females a different kind of educa- 
 tion from the males, except in some articles of 
 domestic management; whereby, as he truly ob- 
 served, one-half of our natives were good for noth- 
 ing but bringing children into the world; and to 
 trust the care of our children to such useless 
 animals, he said, was yet a greater instance of 
 brutality. 
 
 But the Houyhnhnms train up their youth to 
 
422 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 strength, speed, and hardiness by exercising them 
 in running races up and down steep hills and over 
 hard and stony grounds; and when they are all in 
 a sweat they are ordered to leap over head and 
 ears intoa pond ora river. Four times a year the 
 youth of a certain district meet to show their pro- 
 ficiency in running and leaping, and other feats of 
 strength and agility, where the victor is rewarded 
 with a song made in his or her praise. On this 
 festival the servants drive a herd of Yahoos into the 
 field, laden with hay and oats and milk, for a repast 
 to the Houyhnhnms; after which these brutes are 
 immediately driven back again, for fear of being 
 - noisome to the assembly. 
 
 Every fourth year, at the vernal equinox, there is 
 a representative council of the whole nation, which 
 
 meets in a plain about twenty miles from our 
 house, and continues about five or six days. Here 
 they inquire into the state and condition of the 
 several districts; whether they abound or be defi- 
 cient in hay or oats, or cows or Yahoos; and wher- 
 ever there is any want (which is but seldom), it is 
 immediately supplied by unanimous consent and 
 contribution. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 423 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 A grand debate at the General Assembly of the Houyhnhnms 
 | —The Learning of the Houyhnhnms—Their Buildings— 
 Their Manner of Burials—The Defectiveness of their 
 Language. 
 
 One of these grand assemblies was held in my 
 (time, about three months before my departure, 
 whither my master went, as the representative of 
 ‘our district. In this council was resumed their old 
 ‘debate, and indeed the only debate that ever hap- 
 pened in that country ; whereof my master, after his 
 ‘return, gave me a very particular account. 
 
 The question to be debated was, Whether the 
 Yahoos should be exterminated from the face of the 
 earth? One of the members for the affirmative 
 ‘offered several arguments of great strength and 
 ‘weight, alleging that as the Yahoos were the most 
 ‘filthy, noisome, and deformed animal which nature 
 ever produced, so they were the most restive 
 -and indocible, mischievous and malicious. They 
 would privately suck the teats of the Houyhnhnms’ 
 cows, kill and devour their cats, trample down 
 
424 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 their oats and grass, if they were not continu. 
 ally watched, and commit a thousand othe 
 extravagances. He took notice of a general 
 tradition, that Yahoos had not been always in 
 their country; but that, many ages ago, two of 
 these brutes appeared together upon a mountain; 
 whether produced by the heat of the sun upon 
 corrupted mud and slime, or from the ooze or 
 froth of the sea, was never known; that their 
 brood in a short time grew so numerous as to 
 overrun and infest the whole nation; that the 
 Houyhnhnms, to get rid of this evil, made a 
 general hunting, and at last enclosed the whole 
 herd; and, destroying the old ones, every Houy- 
 hnhnm kept two young ones in a kennel, and 
 brought them to such a degree of tameness as an 
 animal so savage by nature can be capable of 
 acquiring ; using them for draught and carriage; that 
 there seemed to be much truth in this tradition ; and 
 that those creatures could not be ylnhniamshy (or 
 aborigines* of the land), because of the violent hatred © 
 the Houyhnhnms, as well as all other animals, bore 
 them; which, although their evil disposition suffi- 
 ciently deserved, could never have arrived at so high a. 
 degree if they nad been aborigines; or else they 
 
 * Earliest or original inhabitants. 
 
GUULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 425 
 
 would have long since been rooted out; that the in- 
 habitants, taking a fancy to use the service of the 
 Yahoos, had very imprudently neglected to cultivate 
 the breed of asses, which are a comely animal, 
 easily kept, more tame and orderly, without any 
 offensive smell; strong enough for labor, although 
 they yield to the other in agility of body; and if 
 their braying be no agreeable sound, it is far prefer- 
 able to the horrible howlings of the Yahoos. 
 
 My master approved of the tradition mentioned 
 by the honorable member who spoke before, and 
 affirmed that the two Yahoos said to be first seen 
 among them had been driven thither over the sea; 
 that, coming to land, and being forsaken by their 
 companions, they retired to the mountains, and, de- 
 generating by degrees, became in process of time 
 much more savage than those of their own species 
 in the country from whence these two originals 
 came. ‘The reason of this assertion was that he had 
 now in his possession a certain wonderful Yahoo 
 (meaning myself), which most of them had heard 
 of, and many of them had seen. He then related to 
 them how he first found me ; that my body was all 
 covered with an artificial composure of the skins 
 und hairs of other animals; that I spoke in a 
 anguage of my own, and had thoroughly learned 
 sheirs; that I had related to him the accidents 
 
426 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 which brought me thither; that when he saw me 
 without my covering I was an exact Yahoo in every 
 part, only of a whiter color, less hairy, and with 
 shorter claws. He added how I had endeavored to 
 persuade him that in my own and other countries 
 the Yahoos acted as the governing, rational animal, 
 and held the Houyhnhnms in servitude; that he 
 observed in me all the qualities of a Yahoo, only a_ 
 little more civilized by some tincture of reason; 
 which, however, was in a degree as far inferior to 
 the Houyhnhnm race as the Yahoos of their country _ 
 were to me. . 
 
 The Houyhnhnms have no letters, and consequently 
 their knowledge is all traditional ; but, there happen- 
 ing few events of any moment among a people so well | 
 united, naturally disposed to every virtue, wholly 
 governed by reason, and cut off from all commerce ; 
 with other nations, the historical part is easily pre- 
 served, without burdening their memory. I have j 
 already observed that they are subject to no diseases, 7 
 and therefore can have no need of physicians. How- j 
 ever, they have excellent medicines, composed of | 
 herbs, to cure accidental bruises, and cuts in the’ 
 pastern, or frog of the foot, by sharp stones, as well : 
 as other maims and hurts in the several parts of the 
 body. 
 
 They calculate the year by the revolution of the 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 427 
 
 sun and the moon, but use no subdivisions into 
 weeks. They are well enough acquainted with the 
 motions of those two luminaries, and understand the 
 nature of eclipses; and this is the utmost progress 
 of their astronomy. 
 
 In poetry they must be allowed to excel all other 
 mortals, wherein the justness of their similes, and 
 the minuteness, as well as exactness, of their descrip- 
 tions, are indeed inimitable. Their verses abound 
 very much in both of these, and usually contain either 
 some exalted notions of friendship and benevolence, 
 or the praises of those who were victors in races and 
 other bodily exercises. Their buildings, although 
 very rude and simple, are not inconvenient, but well 
 contrived to defend them from all injuries of cold 
 and heat. They have a kind of tree, which, at forty 
 years old, loosens in the root, and falls with the 
 first storm: it grows very straight, and being 
 ‘pointed like stakes with a sharp stone (for the Houy- 
 ‘hnhnms know not the use of iron), they stick them 
 erect in the ground, about ten inches asunder, and 
 ‘then weave in oat straw, or sometimes wattles, be- 
 ‘twixt them. The roof is made after the same man. 
 
 mer, and so are the doors. 
 
 The Houyhnhnms use the hollow part between 
 the pastern and the hoof of their forefeet as we do 
 our hands, and this with greater dexterity than I 
 
4238 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 could at first imagine. I have seen a white mare of 
 our family thread a needle (which I lent her on pur- 
 pose) with that joint. They milk their cows, reap 
 their oats, and do all the work which requires hands 
 in the same manner. ‘They have a kind of hard 
 flints, which, by grinding against other stones, they 
 form into instruments that serve instead of wedges, 
 axes, and hammers. With tools made of these 
 flints they likewise cut their hay and reap their 
 oats, which there grow naturally in several fields; 
 the Yahoos draw home the sheaves in carriages, and | 
 the servants tread them in certain covered huts, to 
 get out the grain, which is kept in stores. They 
 make a rude kind of earthen and wooden vessels, 
 and bake the former in the sun. 
 
 If they can avoid casualties they die only of old 
 age, and are buried in the obscurest piaces that can | 
 be found: their friends and relations expressing 
 neitner joy nor grief at their departure; nor does 
 the dying person discover the least regret that he is’ 
 leaving the world, any more than if he were upon 
 returning home from a visit to one of his neighbors, — 
 I remember my master having once made an ap- 
 pointment with a friend and his family to come to 
 his house upon some affair of importance: on the 
 day fixed the mistress and her two children came 
 very late; she made two excuses; first for her hus- 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 429 
 
 band, who, as she said, happened that very morning 
 to lhnuwnh. The word is strongly expressive in 
 their language, but not easily rendered into English : 
 it signifies to retire to his first mother. Her excuse 
 for not coming sooner was that her husband dying 
 late in the morning, she was a good while consulting 
 her servants about a convenient place where his 
 body should be laid: and I observed she behaved 
 herself at our house as cheerfully as the rest. She 
 died about three months after. 
 
 They live generally to seventy or seventy-five 
 years, very seldom to fourscore. Some weeks before 
 their death they feel a gradual decay, but without 
 pain. During this time they are much visited by 
 their friends, because they cannot go abroad with 
 their usual ease and satisfaction. However, about 
 ten days before their death, which they seldom fail 
 in computing, they return the visits that have been 
 made them by those who are nearest in the neigh- 
 borhood, being carried in a convenient sledge drawn 
 by Yahoos; which vehicle they use, not only upon 
 this occasion, but when they grow old, upon long 
 journeys, or when they are lamed by any accident. 
 And, therefore, when the dying Houyhnhnms return 
 those visits they take a solemn leave of their 
 friends, as if they were going to some remote part 
 
430 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 of the country, where they designed to pass the rest 
 of their lives. 
 
 I know not whether it may be worth observing, 
 that the Houyhnhnms have no word in their lan- 
 guage to express anything that is evil, except what 
 they borrow from the deformities or ill qualities of 
 
 the Yahoos. Thus they denote the folly of a seryv- © 
 
 ant, an omission of a child, a stone that cuts their 
 feet, a continuance of foul or unseasonable weather, 
 
 and the like, by adding to each the epithet of 
 
 Yahoo. For instance: hhnm Yahoo, whnaholm 
 Yahoo, ynlhmndwihlma Yahoo, and an ill-contrived 
 house, ynholmhnmrohinw Yahoo. 
 
 I could, with great pleasure, enlarge further upon 
 
 the manners and virtues of this excellent people; 
 but intending in a short time to publish a volume 
 by itself expressly upon that subject, I refer the 
 
 reader thither, and in the meantime proceed to — 
 
 relate my own sad catastrophe. 
 
| 
 
 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 437 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Author’s Economy and happy Life among the Houy- 
 hnhnms—His great improvement in Virtue by conversing 
 with them—Their Conversations—The Author has notice 
 given him by his master, that hé must depart from the 
 Country—He falls into a swoon for grief, but submits— 
 He contrives and finishes a Canoe by the help of a 
 fellow-servant, and puts to sea at a venture. 
 
 I wap settled my little economy* to my own 
 heart’s content. My master had ordered a room 
 to be made for me, after their manner, about six 
 yards from the house, the sides and floors of which 
 I plastered with clay, and covered with rush-mats 
 of my own contriving. I had beaten hemp, which 
 there grows wild, and made of it a sort of ticking ; 
 this I filled with the feathers of several birds I had 
 taken with springes made of Yahoos’ hairs, and 
 were excellent food. I had worked two chairs with 
 my knife, the sorrel nag helping me in the grosser 
 and more laborious part. When my clothes were 
 
 * Domestic concerns, or way of life. 
 
432 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 worn to rags, I made myself others with the skins — 
 of rabbits, and of a certain beautiful animal about 
 the same size, called mnuhnoh, the skin of which is 
 covered with a fine down. Of these I made very 
 tolerable stockings. I soled my shoes with wood, 
 which I cut from a tree, and fitted to the upper- 
 leather ; and when this was worn out I supplied it 
 with the skins of Yahoos dried in the sun. I often 
 got honey out of hollow trees, which I mingled > 
 with water, or eat with my bread. No man could 
 more verify the truth of these two maxims, That 
 nature is very easily satisfied; and, That necessity 
 is the mother of invention. I enjoyed perfect health 
 of body and tranquillity of mind; I did not feel the © 
 treachery or inconstancy of a friend, nor the in- 
 juries of a secret or open enemy ; I had no occasion 
 of bribing or flattering to procure the favor of any 
 great man, or of his minion; I wanted no fence 
 against fraud or oppression: here was neither 
 physician to destroy my body, nor lawyer to ruin 
 my fortune; no informer to watch my words and 
 actions, or forge accusations against me for hire; 
 here were no gibers; censurers, backbiters, pick 
 pockets, highwaymen, housebreakers, attorneys, 
 buffoons, gamesters, politicians, wits, splenetics, 
 tedious talkers, controvertists, murderers, robbers ; | 
 no leaders or followers of party and faction; no 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 433 
 
 encouragers to vice by seducements or examples ; 
 no dungeon, axes, gibbets, whipping-posts, or 
 pillories ; no cheating shopkeepers or mechanics ; 
 no pride, vanity, or affectation ; no fops, bullies, or 
 drunkards; no ranting, expensive wives; no stupid, 
 proud pedants; no importunate, overbearing, quarrel- 
 some, noisy, roaring, empty, conceited, swearing 
 companions; no scoundrels raised from the dust for 
 the sake of their vices, or nobility thrown into it 
 on account of their virtues; no lords, fiddlers, 
 judges, or dancing-masters. 
 
 I had the favor of being admitted to several 
 Houyhnhnms, who came to visit or dine with my 
 master; where his honor graciously suffered me to 
 wait in the room and listen to their discourse. Both 
 he and his company would often descend* to ask me 
 questions and receive my answers. I had also 
 sometimes the honor of attending my master in his 
 visits to others. I never presumed to speak, except 
 in answer to a question; and then I did it with in- 
 ward regret, because it was a loss of so much time 
 for improving myself; but I was infinitely delighted 
 with the station of an humble auditor in such con- 
 versations, where nothing passed but what was use- 
 ful, expressed in the fewest and most significant 
 
 a nn ee Rane L En EERREER REE ERRRE 
 
 *That is, condescend. 
 
434 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 words ; where, as I have already said, the greatest 
 decency was observed, without the least degree of — 
 ceremony ; where no person spoke without being — 
 
 pleased himself, and pleasing his companions; 
 
 where there was no interruption, tediousness, heat, — 
 or difference of sentiments. They have a notion ~ 
 that when people are met together, a short silence — 
 doth much improve conversation: thisI found to be — 
 true ; for during those little intermissions of talk, new _ 
 
 ideas would arise in their minds, which very much 
 
 enlivened their discourse. Their subjects are gener- © 
 
 ally on friendship and benevolence, on order and 
 
 economy ; sometimes upon the visible operations of 
 nature, or ancient traditions ; upon the bounds and — 
 
 limits of virtue; upon the unerring rules of reason; 
 
 or upon some determinations to be taken at the — 
 next great assembly; and often upon the various | 
 excellences of poetry. I may add, without vanity, | 
 that my presence often gave them sufficient matter — 
 for discourse, because it afforded my master an — 
 occasion of letting his friends into the history of me — 
 
 and my country, upon which they were all pleased 
 
 to descant, ina manner not very advantageous to — 
 
 humankind ; and for that reason I shall not repeat 
 what they said: only I may be allowed to observe 
 that his honor, to my great admiration, appeared 
 to understand the nature of Yahoos in all countries 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 435 
 
 much better than myself. He went through all our 
 vices and follies, and discovered many which I had 
 never mentioned to him, by only supposing what 
 qualities a Yahoo of their country, with a small 
 proportion of reason, might be capable of exerting ; 
 and concluded, with too much probability, how vile 
 as well as miserable, such a creature must be. 
 
 I freely confess that all the little knowledge I 
 have of any value was acquired by the lectures I re- 
 ceived from my master, and from hearing the dis- 
 courses of him and bis friends; to which I should 
 be prouder to listen than to dictate to the greatest 
 and wisest assembly in Europe. I admired the 
 strength, comeliness, and speed of the inhabitants ; 
 and such a constellation of virtues in such amiable 
 persons produced in me the highest veneration. 
 At first, indeed, I did not feel that natural awe 
 which the Yahoos and all other animals bear toward 
 them; but it grew upon me by degrees, much 
 sooner than I imagined, and was mingled witha 
 respectful love and gratitude, that they would 
 condescend to distinguish me from the rest of my 
 species. 
 
 When I thought of my family, my friends, and 
 my countrymen, or the human race in general, I 
 considered them, as they really were, Yahoos, in 
 shape and disposition, only a little civilized, and 
 
A386 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 qualified with the gift of speech; but making no — 
 other use of reason than to improve and multiply 
 those vices whereof their brethren in this country — 
 had only the share that nature allotted them. 7 
 When I happened to behold the reflection of my — 
 own form in a lake or a fountain I turned away my | 
 face in horror and detestation of myself, and could — 
 better endure the sight of a common Yahoo than of — 
 my Own person. | 
 
 By conversing with the Houyhnhnms, and looking — 
 upon them with delight, I fell to imitate their gait 
 and gesture, which is now grown into a habit; and 
 my friends often tell me in a blunt way that I trot 
 like a horse; which, however, I take for a great 
 compliment. Neither shall I disown that in speak- 
 ing Iam apt to fall into the voice and manner of. 
 the Houyhnhnms, and hear myself ridiculed on that 
 account, without the least mortification. 
 
 In the midst of all this happiness, and when I 
 looked upon myself to be fully settled for life, my 
 master sent for me one morning a little earlier than 
 his usual hour. I observed by his countenance that 
 he was in some perplexity, and at a loss how to 
 begin what he had to speak. After a short silence, 
 he told me he did not know how I would take what 
 he was going to say. That in the last general 
 assembly, when the affair of the Yahoos was entered 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 437 
 
 upon, the representatives had taken offense at his 
 keeping a Yahoo (meaning myself) in his family, 
 more like a Houyhnhnm than a brute animal; that 
 ne was known frequently to converse with me, as if 
 he could receive some advantage or pleasure in my 
 company ; that such a practice was not agreeable 
 to reason or nature, nor a thing ever heard of 
 before among them. The assembly did therefore 
 exhort him either to employ me like the rest of my 
 species, or command me to swim back to the place 
 from whence I came. That the first of these ex- 
 pedients was utterly rejected by all the Houyhnhnms 
 who had ever seen me at his house or their own; 
 for they alleged that because I had some rudiments 
 of reason added to the natural pravity of those 
 animals, it was to be feared I might be able to 
 - seduce them into the woody and mountainous parts 
 of the country, and bring them in troops by night 
 to destroy the Houyhnhnm’s cattle as being naturally 
 of the ravenous kind, and averse from labor. 
 
 My master added that he was daily pressed by 
 the Houyhnhnms of the neigborhood to have the 
 assembly’s exhortation executed, which he could not 
 put off much longer. He doubted it would be im- 
 possible for me to swim to another country, and 
 therefore wished I would contrive some sort of 
 vehicle, resembling those I had described to him, 
 
438 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 ee 
 
 that might carry me on the sea, in which work I 
 should have the assistance of his own servants, as 
 well as those of his neighbors. He concluded that, © 
 for his own part, he could have been content to keep © 
 me in his service as long as I lived, because he found 
 I had cured myself of some bad habits and disposi- 
 tions, by endeavoring, as far as my inferior nature — 
 was capable, to imitate the Houyhnhnms. | 
 I should here observe to the reader that a decree | 
 of the general assembly in this country is expressed | 
 by the word Anhloayn, which signifies an exhorta- | 
 tion, as near as I can render it; for they have no | 
 conception how a rational creature can be com- 
 pelled, but only advised or exhorted ; because no | 
 person can disobey reason without giving up his — 
 claim to be a rational creature. 
 
 I was struck with the utmost grief and despair at _ 
 my master’s discourse; and being unable to support 
 the agonies I was under, I fell into a swoon at his 
 feet. When I came to myself he told me that he 
 concluded I had been dead (for these people are 
 subject to no such imbecilities of nature). I an- 
 swered in a faint voice that death would have been 
 too great a happiness; that although I could not 
 blame the assembly’s exhortation, or the urgency of 
 his friends, yet, in my weak and corrapt judgement, 
 
 I thought it’ might consist with reason to have been 
 
GULLIVHR’S TRAVELS. 439 
 
 less rigorous ; that I could not swim a league, and 
 probably the nearest land to theirs might be distant 
 above an hundred; that many materials necessary 
 for making a small vessel to carry me off were 
 wholly wanting in this country ; which, however, I 
 would attempt, in obedience and gratitude to his 
 honor, although I concluded the thing to be im- 
 possible, and therefore looked on myself as already 
 devoted to destruction ; that the certain prospect of 
 an unnatural death was the least of my evils; for 
 supposing I should escape with life, by some strange 
 adventure, how could I think with temper of passing 
 my days among Yahoos, and relapsing into my old 
 corruptions, for want of examples to lead and keep 
 me within the paths of virtue? that I knew too 
 well upon what solid reasons all the determinations 
 of the wise Houyhnhnms were founded, not to be 
 shaken by arguments of mine, a miserable Yahoo ; 
 and therefore, after presenting him with my humble 
 thanks for the offer of his servants’ assistance in 
 making a vessel, and desiring a reasonable time for 
 so difficult a work, I told him I would endeavor to 
 preserve a wretched being ; and if ever I returned 
 to England was not without hopes of being useful 
 to my own species by celebrating the praises of the 
 renowned Houyhnhnms, and proposing their virtues 
 to the imitation of mankind. 
 
440 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 
 
 My master, in a few words, made me a very 
 
 gracious reply ; allowed me the space of two months: 
 to finish my boat; and ordered the sorrel nag, my 
 fellow-servant (for so, at this distance, I may pre-_ 
 sume to call him), to follow my instructions; be- 
 
 cause I told my master that his help would be 
 
 sufficient, and I knew he had a tenderness for me. 
 In his company my first business was to go to_ 
 that part of the coast where my rebellious crew had 
 
 ordered me to be set on shore. I got apona height, — 
 
 by 
 
 and looking on every side into the sea, fancied I saw 
 
 a small island toward the northeast. I took out my 
 pocket-glass, and could then clearly distinguish it 
 
 about five leagues off, as I computed; but it ap- 
 
 peared to the sorrel nag to be only a blue cloud; 
 
 , 
 | 
 | 
 : 
 
 for as he had no conception of any country beside 
 
 his own, so he could not be as expert in distinguish- 
 
 ing remote objects at sea as we who so much con- 
 
 verse* in that element. 
 
 After I had discovered this island I considered no — 
 further, but resolved it should, if possible, be the 
 first place of my banishment, leaving the conse-— 
 
 quence to fortune. 
 I returned home, and consulting with the sorrel 
 
 FRE 
 
 aag, We went into a copse at some distance, where I — 
 
 * Occupy ourselves; carry on business. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 44.1 
 
 with my knife, and he with a sharp flint, fastened 
 very artificially, after their manner, to a wooden 
 handle, cut down several oak wattles, about the 
 thickness of a walking-staff, and some larger pieces. 
 But I shall not trouble the reader with a particular 
 description of my own mechanics; let it suffice to 
 say, that in six weeks’ time, with the help of the 
 sorrel nag, who performed the parts that required 
 most labor, I finished a sort of Indian canoe, but 
 much larger, covering it with the skins of Yahoos, 
 well stitched together with hempen threads of my 
 own making. My sail was likewise composed of 
 ‘the skins of the same animal; but I made use of the 
 youngest I could get, the older being too tough and 
 thick; and I likewise provided myself with four 
 paddles. I laid in a stock of boiled flesh, of rabbits 
 and fowls, and took with me two vessels, one filled 
 with milk, and the other with water. 
 
 I tried my canoe in a large pond near my master’s 
 house, and then corrected in it what was amiss, 
 ‘stopping all the chinks with Yahoo’s tallow, till I 
 found it stanch, and able to bear me and my 
 freight; and when it was as complete as I could 
 possibly make it, I had it drawn on a carriage very 
 gently by Yahoos to the seaside, under the conduct* 
 of the sorrel nag and another servant. 
 
 * Guidance or leadership. 
 
449 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 When all was ready, and the day came for my 
 departure, I took leave of my master and lady, and’ 
 the whole family, mine eyes flowing with tears, and 
 my heart quite sunk with grief. But his honor, out: 
 of curiosity, and perhaps (if I may speak it without 
 vanity) partly out of kindness, was determined to. 
 see me in my canoe, and got several of his neighbor-) 
 ing friends to accompany him. I was forced to. 
 wait above an hour for the tide; and then observing 
 the wind very fortunately bearing toward the island 
 to which I intended to steer my course, I took a 
 second leave of my master; but as I was going to’ 
 prostrate myself to kiss his hoof, he did me the 
 honor to raise it gently to my mouth. I am not 
 
 ignorant how much I have been censured for men-~ 
 tioning this last particular. For my detractors are 
 pleased to think it improbable that so illustrious a 
 person should descend to give so great a mark of 
 distinction to a creature so inferior as I. Neither 
 have I forgot how apt some travelers are to boast. 
 of a eae favors they have received. But if 
 
 they would soon ere their opinion. ' 
 
 I paid my respects to the rest of the Houyhnhnms 4 
 in his honor’s company, then getting into my canoe 
 I pushed off from shore. | 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 443 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The Author’s dangerous Voyage—He arrives at New Holland, 
 
 hoping to settle there—Is wounded with an arrow by one 
 
 of the Natives—Is seized, and carried by force into a 
 
 Portuguese ship—The great civilities of the Captain—The 
 Author arrives in England. 
 
 I sxcan this desperate voyage on February 15, 
 1714-15,* at nine o’clock in the morning. The 
 wind was very favorable; however, I made use at 
 first only of my paddles; but considering I should 
 soon be weary, and that the wind might chop about, 
 I ventured to set up my little sail, and thus, with 
 the help of the tide, I went at the rate of a league 
 and a half an hour, as near as I could guess. My 
 master and his friends continued on the shore till I 
 was almost out of sight; and I often heard the 
 
 * That is 1714 Old Style, 1715 New Style. Before the intro- 
 duction of the new or reformed way of reckoning, the year 
 began on the 25th of March ; hence the portion from J anuary 
 Tl up to this date may be considered as belonging to the end of 
 one year and the beginning of another—the latter being the 
 proper year according to modern reckoning. 
 
444 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 sorrel nag (who always loved me) crying out, Hnuy 
 ila nyha majah Yahoo; Take care of thyself, 
 gentle Yahoo. . 
 
 My design was, if possible, to discover some 
 small island uninhabited, yet sufficient, by my labor, 
 to furnish me with the necessaries of life, which I 
 would have thought a greater happiness than to be 
 first minister in the politest court of Europe; so 
 horrible was the idea I conceived of returning to 
 live in the society, and under the government of 
 Yahoos. For in such a solitude as I desired, I could 
 at least enjoy my own thoughts, and reflect with 
 delight on the virtues of those inimitable Houy- 
 hnhnms, without any opportunity of degenerating 
 into the vices and corruptions of my own species. — 
 
 The reader may remember what I related when 
 my crew conspired against me, and confined me to 
 my cabin; how I continued there several weeks, 
 without knowing what course we took; and when 
 I was put ashore in the long-boat, how the sailo 5 
 told me, with oaths, whether true or false, that they 
 knew not in what part of the world we were. How- 
 ever, I did then believe us to be about 10 degrees 
 southward of the Cape of Good Hope, or about 45 
 degrees southern latitude, as I gathered from some 
 general words I overheard among them, being, l 
 supposed, to the southeast in their intended vovagil 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 445 
 
 0 Madagascar. And although this were but little 
 vetter than conjecture, yet I resolved to steer my 
 ourse eastward, hoping to reach the southwest 
 oast of New Holland, and perhaps some such 
 sland as I desired, lying westward of it. The wind 
 vas full west; and by six in the evening I com- 
 yuted I had gone eastward at least eighteen leagues, 
 when I spied a very small island about half a league 
 off, which I soon reached. It was nothing but a 
 ‘ock with one creek naturally arched by the force 
 ftempests. Here I put in my canoe, and climbing 
 1 part of the rock, I could plainly discover land to 
 he east, extending from south tonorth. I lay all 
 night in my canoe, and repeating my voyage early 
 in the morning, I arrived in seven hours to the 
 southeast point of New Holland. This confirmed 
 me in the opinion I have long entertained that the 
 maps and charts place this country at least three 
 degrees more to the east than it really is,* which 
 thought I communicated many years ago to my 
 worthy friend, Mr. Herman Moll,+ and gave him my 
 
 , * Gulliver here shows a greater knowledge of the position 
 and dimensions of Australia than he displays in telling of the 
 ‘whereabouts of Lilliput, ete. 
 
 tThis person published in 1723 a work entitled ‘‘Com- 
 ‘pleat Geographer, or the Chorography and Topography of 
 ‘al’ the known parts of the Earth.” 
 
44.6 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 reasons for it, although he hath rather chosen 
 follow other authors. 
 
 and being unarmed I was afraid of venturing far 
 into the country. I found some shellfish on the 
 shore, and eat them raw, not daring to kindlea fire” 
 for fear of being discovered by the natives. I con: 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 44% 
 
 ‘ 
 
 inued three days feeding on oysters and limpets to 
 save my own provisions; and I fortunately found a 
 brook of excellent water, which gave me great 
 relief. 
 
 On the fourth day, venturing out early, a little 
 too far, I saw twenty or thirty natives upon a 
 height, not above five hundred yards from me. 
 They were stark naked, men, women, and children, 
 round a fire, as I could discover by the smoke. One 
 of them spied me, and gave notice to the rest; five 
 of them advanced toward me, leaving the women 
 and children at the fire. I made what haste I could 
 to the shore, and getting into my canoe, shoved off ; 
 the savages observing me retreat, ran after me, and 
 before I could get far enough into the sea, dis- 
 charged an arrow, which wounded me deeply on 
 the inside of my left knee; I shall carry the mark 
 to my grave. I apprehended the arrow might be 
 poisoned; and paddling out of the reach of their 
 darts (being a calm day), I made a shift to suck the 
 ‘wound, and dress'it as well as I could. 
 
 I was at a loss what to do; for I durst not return 
 to the same landing-place, but stood to the north, 
 and was forced to paddle; for the wind, though 
 very gentle, was against me, blowing northwest. 
 As I was looking about for a secure landing-place, I 
 saw a sail to the north-northeast, which appearing 
 
448 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 every minute more visible, I] was in some doubt 
 whether I should wait for them or no; but at last 
 my detestation of the Yahoo race teal and, 
 turning my canoe, I sailed and paddled together to 
 the south, and got into the same creek from whence 
 I set out in the morning, choosing rather to trust 
 myself among these barbarians than live with 
 European Yahoos. I drew up my canoe as close as 
 I could to the shore, and hid myself behind a ston 
 by the little brook, which, as I have already “a 
 was excellent water. ) 
 The ship came within half a league of this crcl, 
 and sent out her long-boat with vessels to take in 
 fresh water (for the place, it seems, was very well 
 known); but I did not observe it till the boat was 
 almost on shore, and it was too late to seek another 
 hiding-place. The seamen, at their landing, ob- | 
 served my canoe, and, rummaging it all over, easily 
 conjectured that the owner could not be far off, : 
 Four of them, well armed, searched every cranny 
 and lurking-hole, till at last they found me, flat off 
 my face, behind the stone. They gazed awhile in 
 admiration* at my strange, uncouth dress: my coat 
 made of skins, my wooden-soled shoes, and my furred 
 stockings; from whence, however, they concluded I 
 
 if 
 * Wonder. ‘ 
 } 
 
 4 
 
 Se Sinaia 
 
“GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. 449 
 
 vas not a native of the place, who all go naked. 
 Ine of the seamen, in Portuguese, bid me rise, and 
 isked who I was. I understood that language very 
 well, and, getting upon my feet, said I was a poor 
 Yahoo, banished from the Houyhnhnms, and de- 
 sired they would please to let me depart. They 
 admired* to hear me answer them in their own 
 
 tongue and saw by my complexion I must be an 
 European; but were at a loss to know what [ meant 
 by Yahoos and Houyhnhnms; and at the same time 
 fell a-laughing at my strange tone in speaking, 
 which resembled the neighing of a horse. I 
 trembled all the while betwixt fear and hatred. I 
 again desired leave to depart, and was gently 
 moving to my canoe; but they laid hold of me, de- 
 siring to know what country I was of? whence I 
 came? with many other questions. I told them I 
 ‘was born in England, from whence I came about 
 ifive years ago, and then their country and ours were 
 at peace. I therefore hoped they would not treat 
 ‘me as an enemy, since I meant them no harm, but 
 ‘was a poor Yahoo, seeking some desolate place 
 ‘where to pass the remainder of his unfortunate life. 
 
 When they began to talk I thought I never heard 
 or saw anything so unnatural; for it appeared to 
 
 * Wondered. 
 
450 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 
 
 me as monstrous as if a dog or a cow should speak 
 in England, or a Yahoo in Houyhnhnm-land. The 
 honest Portuguese were equally amazed at my 
 strange dress, and the odd manner of delivering my 
 words, which, however, they understood very well. 
 They spoke to me with great humanity, and said 
 they were sure their captain would carry me gratis 
 to Lisbon, from whence J might return to my own 
 country ; that two of the seamen would go back to 
 the ship, inform the captain of what they had seen, 
 
 and receive his orders: in the meantime, unless I 
 would give my solemn oath not to fly, they would: 
 secure me by force. I thought it best to comply 
 with their proposal. They were very curious to 
 know my story, but I gave them very little satisfac 
 tion, and they all conjectured that my misfortunes 
 had impaired my reason. In two hours the boat, 
 which went laden with vessels of water, returned 
 with the captain’s command to fetch me on board. 
 I fell on my knees to preserve my liberty, but all) 
 was in vain; and the men, having tied me with 
 cords, heaved me into the boat, from whence I was 
 taken into the ship, and from thence into the cap- 
 tain’s cabin. | 
 
 His name was Pedro de Mendez; he was a very 
 courteous and generous person. He entreated me. 
 to give some account of myself, and desired to know 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 451 
 
 what I would eat or drink; said I should be used as 
 well as himself; and spoke so many obliging things . 
 that I wondered to find such civilities from a Yahoo. 
 However, I remained silent and sullen; I was ready 
 to faint at the very smell of him and hismen. At 
 last I desired something to eat out of my own canoe ; 
 but he ordered me a chicken, and some excellent 
 wine, and then directed that I should be ptt to bed 
 in a very clean cabin. I would not undress myself, 
 but lay on the bedclothes, and in half an hour stole 
 out, when I thought the crew was at dinner, and, 
 getting to the side of the ship, was going to leap 
 into the sea, and swim for my life rather than con- 
 tinue among Yahoos. But one of the seamen pre- 
 vented me, and, having informed the captain, I was 
 
 chained to my cabin. 
 
 _ After dinner Don Pedro came to me, and desired 
 to know my reason for so desperate an attempt; 
 assured me he only meant to do me all the service 
 he was able; and spoke so very movingly that at 
 
 | 
 last I descended to treat him like an animal that had 
 
 ‘some little portion of reason. I gave him a very 
 short relation of my voyage; of the conspiracy 
 against me by my own men; of the country where 
 ‘they set me on shore, and of my five years’ residence 
 ‘there. All which he looked upon as if it were a 
 
 dream or a vision; whereat I took great offense; 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
452 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 for I had quite forgot the faculty of lying, so 
 peculiar to Yahoos in all countries where they pre 
 side, and consequently the disposition of suspecting 
 truth in others of their own species. I asked him 
 whether it were the custom in his country to say 
 the thing that was not? JI assured him that I had 
 almost forgot what he meant by falsehood, and if | 
 had lived a thousand years in Houyhnhnm-land ] 
 should never have heard a lie from the meanest 
 servant; that I was altogether indifferent whether 
 he believed me or no; but, however, in return for 
 his favors, I would give so much allowance to the 
 corruption of his nature as to answer any objection 
 he would please to make, and then he might easily 
 discover the truth. : 
 
 The captain, a wise man, after many endeavors to 
 catch me tripping in some part of my story, at last 
 began to have a better opinion of my veracity. But 
 he added, that since I professed so inviolable an 
 attachment to truth, I must give him my word of 
 honor to bear him company in this voyage, without 
 attempting anything against my life; or else he 
 would continue me a prisoner till we arrived at 
 Lisbon. I gave him the promise he required ; but 
 at the same time protested that I would suffer the 
 greatest hardships rather than return to live among 
 Yahoos. . 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 453 
 
 Our voyage passed without any considerable 
 accident. In gratitude to the captain, I sometimes 
 sat with him at his earnes* request, and strove to 
 conceal my antipathy to humankind, although it 
 often broke out; which he suffered to pass without 
 observation. But the greatest part of the day | 
 confined myself to my cabin, to avoid seeing any 0, 
 the crew. The captain had often entreated me to 
 strip myself of my savage dress, and offered to lend 
 me the best suit of clothes he had. This I would 
 not be prevailed on to accept, abhorring to cover 
 myself with anything that had been on the back of 
 a Yahoo. I only desired he would lend me two 
 ‘clean shirts, which, having been washed since he 
 wore them, I believed would not so much defile me. 
 These I changed every second day, and washed 
 them myself. 
 
 We arrived at Lisbon, November 5,1715. Atour 
 Janding the captain forced me to cover myself with 
 his cloak, to prevent the rabble from crowding about 
 
 me. I was conveyed to his own house; and at my 
 earnest request he led me up to the highest room 
 
 backward. I conjured him to conceal from all 
 persons what I had told him of the Houyhnhnms ; 
 because the least hint of such a story would not 
 only draw numbers of people to see me, but probably 
 
 put me in danger of being imprisoned, or burned by 
 
454 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 the Inquisition. The captain persuaded me to - 
 accept a suit of clothes newly made; but I would — 
 not suffer the tailor to take my measure: however, © 
 Don Pedro being almost of my size, they fitted me ; 
 well enough. He accoutered me with other neces- | 
 saries, all new, which I aired for twenty-four hours, y 
 before I would use them. ‘ 
 The captain had no wife, nor above three servants, : 
 none of which were suffered to attend at meals ; and i 
 his whole deportment was so obliging, added to a 
 very good human understanding, that I really began ' 
 to tolerate his company. He gained so far spon 
 me that I ventured to look out of the back window. — 
 By degrees I was brought into another room, froma 
 whence I peeped into the street, but drew my head — 
 back in a fright. Ina week’s time he seduced me 
 down to the door. I found my terror gradually : 
 lessened, but my hatred and contempt seemed to in- 
 crease. I was at last bold enough to walk tho 
 street in his company, but kept my nose well 
 stopped with rue, or sometimes with tobacco. ; 
 In ten days Don Pedro, to whom I had given 
 some account of my domestic affairs, put it upon, 
 me, as a matter of honor and conscience, that If 
 ought to return to my native country, and live at 
 home with my wife and children. He told me 
 there was an English ship in the port just ready to 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 455 
 
 sail, and he would furnish me with all things 
 necessary. It would be tedious to repeat his 
 arguments, and my contradictions. He said it was 
 altogether impossible to find such a solitary island 
 as I had desired to live in; but I might command 
 in my own house, and pass my time in a manner as 
 recluse as | pleased. i 
 
 I complied at last, finding I could not do better. 
 I left Lisbon the 24th day of November, in an Eng- 
 lish merchantman, but who was the master I never 
 inquired. Don Pedro accompanied me to the ship, 
 and lent me twenty pounds. He took kind leave of 
 me, and embraced me at parting, which I bore as 
 wellasI could. During this last voyage I had no 
 commerce* with the master or any of his men; but, 
 pretending I was sick, kept close in my cabin. On 
 the 5th of December, 1715, we cast anchor in the 
 Downs about nine in the morning, and at three in 
 the afternoon I got safe to my house at Redriff. 
 
 My wife and family received me with great 
 surprise and joy, because they concluded me 
 ‘certainly dead; but I must freely confess the sight 
 of them filled me only with hatred, disgust, and 
 contempt; and the more, by reflecting on the near 
 alliance I had to them. for although, since my 
 
 *Tntercourse; conversation. 
 
456 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 unfortunate exile from the Houyhnhnm country, 1 
 had compelled myself to tolerate the sight of 
 Yahoos, and to converse with Don Pedro de 
 Mendez, yet my memory and imagination were 
 perpetually filled with the virtues and ideas of those 
 exalted Houyhnhnms. : 
 As soon as I entered the house my wife took me 
 in her arms and kissed me; at which, having not 
 been used to the touch of that odious animal for so” 
 many years, I fell into a swoon for almost an hour, 
 At the time I am writing, it is five years since my 
 last return to England; during the first year I | 
 could not endure my wife or children in my pres- 
 ence; the very smell of them was intolerable; much 
 less could I suffer them to eat in the same room. 
 To this hour they dare not presume to touch my 
 bread, or drink out of the same cup; neither was I 
 ever able to let one of them take me by the hand. 
 The first money I laid out was to buy two young 
 horses, which I kept in a good stable; and, next to 
 them, the groom is my greatest favorite; for I feel 
 my spirits revived by the smell he contracts in the 
 stable. My horses understand me tolerably well; 
 I converse with them at least four hours every day. 
 They are strangers to bridle or saddle; they live in 
 great amity with me, and friendship to each other. x 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, 45% 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 The Author’s Veracity—His design in publishing this Work— 
 His Censure of those Travelers who swerve from the 
 Truth—The Author clears himself from any sinister ends 
 in writing—An objection aswered—The method of plant- 
 
 ing Colonies—His native Country commended—The right 
 of the Crown to those Countries described by the Author 
 is justified—The Difficulty of conquering them—The 
 Author takes his last leave of the Reader—Proposeth his 
 Manner of Living for the future—Gives good Advice, and 
 concludes. 
 
 Tuus, gentle reader, I have given thee a faithful 
 history of my travels for sixteen years and above 
 seven months; wherein | have not been so studious 
 of ornament as of truth. I could, perhaps, like 
 others, have astonished thee with strange, improb- 
 able tales; but I rather chose to relate plain matter 
 of fact in the simplest manner and style; because 
 my principal design was to inform, and not to 
 amuse thee. 
 
 It is easy for us who travel into remote countries, 
 
ABS GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 which are seldom visited by Englishmen or other. 
 Europeans, to form descriptions of wonderful ani- 
 mals both at sea and land. Whereas a traveler's 
 chief aim should be to make men wiser and better, 
 and to improve their minds by the bad, as well as 
 good example, of what they deliver concerning 
 foreign places. 
 
 I could heartily wish a law was enacted that 
 every traveler, before he were permitted to publish, 
 his voyages, should be obliged to make oath before 
 the Lord High Chancellor, that all he intended to 
 print was absolutely true to the best of his knowl. 
 edge; for then the world would no longer be de- 
 ceived, as it usually is, while some writers, to make 
 their works pass the better upon the public, impose 
 the grossest falsities on the unwary reader. I have 
 perused several books of travels with great delight 
 in my younger days; but having since gone over 
 most parts of the globe, and been able to contradict | 
 many fabulous accounts from my own observation, 
 it hath given me a great disgust against this part of 
 reading, and some indignation to see the credulity 
 of mankind so impudently abused. Therefore, since 
 my acquaintance were pleased to think my poor en- 
 deavors might not be unacceptable to my country, 
 I imposed on myself, as a maxim never to be swerved 
 from, that I would strictly adhere to truth ; neither 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 459 
 
 ndeed can I be ever under the least temptation to 
 rary from it, while I retain in my mind the lectures 
 ind example of my noble master and the other illus- 
 ios Houyhnhnms, of whom I had so long the 
 ionor to be an humble hearer. 
 
 I know very well how little reputation is to be 
 got by writings, which require neither genius nor 
 learning, nor indeed any other talent, except a good 
 memory, or an exact journal. I know likewise that 
 writers of travels, like dictionary makers, are sunk 
 into oblivion by the weight and bulk of those who 
 come last, and therefore lie uppermost. And it is 
 highly probable that such travelers, who shall here- 
 after visit the countries described in this work of 
 mine, may, by detecting my errors (if there be any), 
 and adding many new discoveries of their own, 
 jostle me out of vogue, and stand in my place, mak- 
 ing the world forget that ever I was an author. 
 ‘This indeed would be too great a mortification if I 
 wrote for fame; but as my sole intention was the 
 public good, I cannot be altogether disappointed 
 ‘For who can read of the virtues I have mentioned 
 in the glorious Houyhnhnms, without being ashamed 
 of his own vices, when he considers himself as the 
 reasoning, governing animal of his country? Ishall 
 say nothing of those remote nations where Yahoos 
 preside ; among which the least corrupted are the 
 
460 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 Brobdingnagians, whose wise maxims in morality 
 and government it would be our happiness to ob 
 serve. But I forbear descanting further, and rather 
 leave the judicious reader to his own remarks ang 
 applications. 
 
 Iam not a little pleased that this work of mine 
 can possibly meet with no censurers ; for what ob- 
 jections can be made against a writer who relates 
 only plain facts that happened in such distant coun- 
 tries, where we have not the least interest with 
 respect either to trade or negotiations? I have 
 carefully avoided every fault with which ‘common 
 writers of travels are often too justly charged. 
 Besides, I meddle not with any party, but write 
 without passion, prejudice, or ill-will against any: 
 man, or number of men, whatsoever. I write for 
 the noblest end, to inform and instruct mankind; 
 over whom I may, without breach of modesty, pre- 
 tend to some superiority, from the advantages I 
 received by conversing so long among the most: 
 accomplished Houyhnhnms. I write without any 
 view toward profit or praise. I never suffer a word 
 to pass that may look like reflection, or possibly. 
 give the least offense, even to those who are most 
 ready to take it. So that I hope I may with justice 
 pronounce myself an author perfectly blameless 5, 
 against whom the tribes of Answerers, Considerers, 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 461 
 
 Observers, Reflectors, Detectors, Remarkers,* will 
 never be able to find matter for exercising their 
 
 talents. 
 
 I confess it was whispered to me that I was 
 bound in duty, as a subject of England, to have 
 given in a memorial to a secretary of state at my 
 first coming over; because whatever lands are dis- 
 sovered by a subject belong to the crown. But I 
 doubt whether our conquests in the countries I treat 
 of would be as easy as those of Ferdinando Cortez 
 over the naked Americans. The Lilliputians, I 
 think, are hardly worth the charge of a fleet and 
 army to reduce them; and I question whether it 
 might be prudent or safe to attempt the Brobding- 
 nagians; or whether an English army would be 
 much at their ease with the Flying Island over 
 their heads. The Houyhnhnms indeed appear not 
 to be so well prepared for war, a science to which 
 they are perfect strangers, and especially against 
 missive weapons. However, supposing myself to 
 be a minister of state, I could never give my advice 
 for invading them. Their prudence, unanimity, un- 
 acquaintedness with fear, and their love of their 
 
 ; 
 
 * Alluding to writers who bring out books or pamphlets 
 dealing with other books, and giving their productions such 
 titles as Answers to, Considerations on, Observations on, etc., 
 such or such a work. 
 
462 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 country, would amply supply all defects in the 
 military art. Imagine twenty thousand of them 
 breaking into the midst of an European army, con- 
 founding the ranks, overturning the carriages, bat- 
 tering the warriors’ faces into mummy by terrible 
 yerks from their hinder hoofs; for they would well 
 deserve the character given to Augustus, Recalcitrat 
 undique tutus.* But, instead of proposals for con- 
 quering that magnanimous nation, I rather wish 
 they were in a capacity, or disposition, to send a 
 sufficient number of their inhabitants for civilizing 
 Europe, by teaching us the first principles of honor, 
 justice, truth, temperance, public spirit, fortitude, 
 chastity, friendship, benevolence, and fidelity, the 
 names of all which virtues are still retained among 
 us in most languages, and are to be met with in 
 some modern as well as ancient authors; which I 
 am able to assert from my own small reading. 
 
 But I had another reason, which made me less: 
 forward to enlarge his majesty’s dominions by my 
 discoveries. To say the truth I had conceived a few 
 scruples with relation to the distributive justice of 
 princes upon those occasions. For instance a crew 
 of pirates are driven by a storm they know not 
 whither; at length a boy discovers land from the 
 
 * He kicks out behind, safe on every side. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 463 
 
 topmast; they go on shore to rob and plunder; 
 they see a harmless people; are entertained with 
 kindness; they give the country a new name; they 
 take formal possession of it for their king; they set 
 up a rotten plank, or a stone, for a memorial; they 
 murder two or three dozen of the natives, bring 
 away a couple more by force, for a sample ; return 
 home and get their pardon. Here commences a new 
 dominion acquired with a title by divine right. 
 Ships are sent with the first opportunity; the 
 natives driven out or destroyed ; their princes tor- 
 tured to discover their gold ; a free license given to 
 all acts of inhumanity and lust, the earth reeking 
 “with the blood of its inhabitants; and this execrable 
 ‘erew of butchers, employed in so pious an expedi- 
 tion, is a modern colony, sent to convert and civilize 
 ‘an idolatrous and barbarous people !* 
 
 But this description, I confess, doth by no means 
 affect the British nation, who may be an example 
 to the whole world for their wisdom, care, and jus- 
 ‘tice in planting colonies; their liberal endowments 
 ‘for the advancement of religion and learning; their 
 choice of devout and able pastors to propagate 
 Christianity ; their caution in stocking their prov- 
 7% This, unfortunately, is too true a picture of the manner 
 in which some European colonies have been founded, as, for 
 instance, those of the Spanish in America. 
 
464 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 inces with people of sober lives and conversations, 
 from this the mother kingdom ; their strict regard 
 to the distribution of justice, in supplying the civil 
 administration through all their colonies with offi- 
 cers of the greatest abilities, utter strangers to cor- 
 ruption; and, to crown all, by sending the most 
 vigilant and virtuous governors, who have no other 
 views than the happiness of the people over whom. 
 they preside, and the honor of the king their 
 master.* 
 
 But as those countries, which I have described, 
 do not appear to have a desire of being conquered 
 and enslaved, murdered or driven out by colonies; 
 nor abound either in gold, silver, sugar, or tobacco, 
 I did humbly conceive they were by no means 
 proper objects of our zeal, our valor, or our interest. 
 However, if those whom it more concerns think fit. 
 to be of another opinion, I am ready to depose, 
 when I shall be lawfully called, that no European 
 did ever visit those countries before me. I mean, if 
 the inhabitants ought to be believed, unless a dis- 
 pute may arise concerning the two Yahoos, said to 
 have been seen many ages ago upon a mountain in 
 Houyhnhnm-land. 
 
 But, as to the formality of taking possession in 
 
 * These statements are, of course, ironical on Swift’s part. — 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 465 
 
 my sovereign’s name, it never came once into my 
 thoughts; and if it had, yet, as my affairs then 
 stood, I should perhaps, in point of prudence and 
 self-preservation, have put it off to a better oppor- 
 tunity. 
 
 Having thus answered the only objection that 
 can ever be raised against me as a traveler, | here 
 take a final leave of all my courteous readers, and 
 return to enjoy my own speculations in my little 
 garden at Redriff ; to apply those excellent lessons 
 of virtue which I learned among the Houyhnhnms; 
 to instruct the Yahoos of my own family, as far as 
 I shall find them docible animals; to behold my 
 figure often in a glass, and thus, if possible, habitu- 
 ate myself by time to tolerate the sight of a human 
 creature; to lament the brutality of Houyhnhnms 
 in my own country, but always treat their persons 
 with respect, for the sake of my ncble master, his 
 family, his friends, and the whole Houyhnhnm 
 race, whom these of ours have the honor to re- 
 semble in all their lineaments, however their intel- 
 lectuals came to degenerate. 
 
 I began last week to permit my wife to sit at 
 dinner with me, at the furthest end of a long table; 
 and to answer (but with the utmost brevity) the 
 few questions I asked her. Yet the smell of a 
 Yahoo continuing very offensive, I always keep my 
 
466 GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 
 
 nose well stopped with rue, lavender, or tobacco 
 
 ee 
 
 leaves. And although it be hard for a man late in _ 
 
 life to remove old habits, I am not altogether out of 
 
 hopes, in some time, to suffer a neighbor Yahoo in 
 my company without the apprehensions I am yet — 
 
 under of his teeth or his claws. 
 
 My reconcilement to the Yahoo kind in general 
 
 might not be so difficult if they would be content 
 with those vices and follies only which nature hath 
 entitled them to. I am not in the least provoked 
 at the sight of a lawyer, a pickpocket, a colonel, a 
 
 fool, a lord, a gamester, a politician, a physician, an — 
 
 evidence,* a suborner, an attorney, a traitor, or the 
 like; this is all according to the due course of 
 things; but when I behold a lump of deformity and 
 diseases, both in body and mind, smitten with pride, 
 it immediately breaks all the measures of my 
 patience; neither shall I be ever able to compre- 
 hend how such an animal and such a vice could 
 taily together. The wise and virtuous Houy- 
 hnhnms, who abound in all excellences that can 
 adorn a rational creature, have no name for this 
 vice in their language; which hath no terms to 
 express anything that is evil, except those whereby 
 
 they describe the detestable qualities of their 
 Pg ae ge ge ee an ee 
 
 * One who brings false accusations. 
 
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS. 467 
 
 Yahoos; among which they were not able to dis- 
 tinguish this of pride, for want of thoroughly 
 understanding human nature, as it showeth itself in 
 other countries where that animal presides. But I, 
 who had more experience, could plainly observe 
 some rudiments of it among the wild Yahoos. 
 
 But the Houyhnhnms, who live under the govern- 
 ment of reason, are no more proud of the good 
 qualities they possess than I should be for not 
 wanting a leg or an arm; which no man in his wits 
 would boast of, although he must be miserable 
 without them. I dwell the longer upon this sub- 
 ject from the desire I have to make the society of 
 an English Yahoo by any means not insupportable ; 
 and therefore I here entreat those who have any 
 tincture of this absurd vice that they will not pre- 
 sume to come in my sight. 
 
 THE END. 
 
A. L. Burt’s Catalogue of Books for 
 Young People by Popular Writers, 52- 
 58 Duane Street, New York “© <~ 
 
 BOOKS FOR BOYS. 
 Joe’s Luck: A Boy’s Adventures in California. By 
 
 Horatio ALGER, Jk. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 The story is chock full of stirring incidents, while the amusing situ- 
 ations are furnished by Joshua Bickford, from Pumpkin Eollow, and the 
 fellow who modestly styles himself the ‘‘Rip-tail Roarer, from Pike Co., 
 Missouri.’’ Mr. Alger never writes a poor book, and ‘‘Joe’s Luck’’ is cer- 
 tainly one of his best. 
 
 Tom the Bootblack; or, The Road to Success. By 
 
 Horatto ALGER, JR. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 A bright, enterprising lad was Tom the Bootblack. He was not at all 
 ashamed of his humble calling, though always on the lookout to better 
 himself. The lad started for Cincinnati to look up his heritage. Mr. 
 Grey, the uncle, did not hesitate to employ a ruffian to kill the lad. The 
 plan failed, and Gilbert Grey, once Tom the bootblack, came into a com- 
 fortable fortune. This is one of Mr. Alger’s best stories. 
 
 Dan the Newsboy. By Horatio AuLcerR, JR. 12mo, 
 
 cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Dan Mordaunt and his mother live in a poor tenement, and the lad is 
 pluckily trying to make ends meet by selling papers in the streets of New 
 York. A little heiress of six years is confided to the care of the Mor- 
 daunts. The child is kidnapped and Dan tracks the child to the house 
 where she is hidden, and rescues her. The wealthy aunt of the little 
 heiress is so delighted with Dan’s courage and many good qualities 
 that she adopts him as her heir. 
 
 Tony the Hero: A Brave Boy’s Adventure with a 
 
 Tramp. By Horatio ALGER, Jk. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Tony, a sturdy bright-eyed boy of fourteen, is under the control of 
 Rudolph Rugg, a thorough rascal. After much abuse Tony runs away 
 and gets a job as stable boy in a country hotel. Tony is heir to a 
 large estate. Rudolph for a consideration hunts up Tony and throws 
 him down a deep well. Of course Tony escapes from the fate provided 
 for him, and by a brave act, a rich friend secures his rights and Tony 
 is prosperous. A very entertaining book. 
 
 The Errand Boy; or, How Phil Brent Won Success. 
 
 By Horatio AtgER, JR. 12mo, cloth illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 The career of ‘‘The Errand Boy’? embraces the city adventures of a 
 emart country lad. Philip was brought up by a kind-hearted innkeeper 
 named Brent. The death of Mrs. Brent paved the way for the hero’s 
 subsequent troubles. A retired merchant in New York secures him the 
 situation of errand boy, and thereafter stands as his friend. 
 
 Tom Temple’s Career. By Horatio ALGER, JR. 12mo, 
 
 cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Tom Temple is a bright, self-reliant lad. He leaves Plympton village 
 to seek work in New York, whence he undertakes an important mission 
 to California. Some of his adventures in the far west are so startling that 
 the reader will scarcely close the book until the last page shall have been 
 reached. The tale is written in Mr. Alger’s most fascinating style. 
 
 tal cts ahaa REI NALD IRE EOE Tne 
 For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of price by the 
 publisher, A, L. BURT, 52-88 Duane Street, New York. 
 
tr 
 
 ; A. L. BURT’S BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. 
 
 BOOKS FOR BOYS. 
 Frank Fowler, the Cash Boy. By Horatio Atcer, JR. 
 
 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Frank Fowler, a poor boy, bravely determines to make a living for 
 himself and his foster-sister Grace. Going to New York he obtains a 
 Situation as cash boy in a dry goods store. He renders a service to a 
 wealthy old gentleman who takes a fancy to the lad, and thereafter 
 helps the lad to gain success and fortune. 
 
 Tom Thatcher’s Fortune. By Horatio ALceER, JR. 
 
 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Tom Thatcher is a brave, ambitious, unselfish boy. He supports his 
 mother and sister on meagre wages earned as a shoe-pegger in John 
 Simpson’s factory. Tom is discharged from the factory and starts over- 
 land for California. He meets with many adventures. The story is told 
 in a way which has made Mr. Alger’s name a household word in so many 
 homes. 
 
 The Train Boy. By Horatio Atcer, Jr. 12mo, 
 
 cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Paul Palmer was a wide-awake boy of sixteen who supported his mother ; 
 
 and sister by selling books and papers on the Chicago and Milwaukee 
 Railroad. He dctects a young man in the act of picking the pocket of a 
 young lady. In a railway accident many passengers are killed, but Paul 
 is fortunate enough to assist a Chicago merchant, who out of gratitude 
 takes him into his employ. Paul succeeds with tact and judgment and 
 is well started on the road to business prominence. 
 
 iiark Mason’s Victory. The Trials and Triumphs of 
 aie ae Boy. By Horatio Auger, Jr. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price 
 
 Mark Mason, the telegraph boy, was a sturdy, honest lad, who pluckily 
 won his way to success by his honest manly efforts under many diffi- 
 culties. This story will please the very large class of boys who regard 
 Mr. Alger as a favorite author. 
 
 A Debt of Honor. The Story of Gerald Lane’s Success 
 
 iF ie Far West. By Horatio ALGER, Jr. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price 
 .U0. 
 
 The story of Gerald Lane and the account of the many trials and dis- 
 appointments which he passed through befor. he attained success, will 
 rere all boys who have read the previous stories of this delightful 
 2utaor. 
 
 Ben Bruce. Scenes in the Life of a Bowery Newsboy. 
 
 By Horatio ALGER, JR. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Ben Bruce was a brave, manly, generous boy. The story of his efforts, 
 and many seeming failures and disappointments, and his final success, are 
 most interesting to all readers.. The tale is written in Mr. Alger’s 
 most fascinating style. 
 
 The Castaways; or, On the Florida Reefs. By Jamzs 
 
 Otis. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 This tale smacks of the salt sea. From the moment that the Sea 
 Queen leaves lower New York bay till the breeze leaves her becalmed off 
 the coast of Florida, one can almost hear the whistle of the wind 
 through her rigging, the creak of her straining cordage as she heels to 
 the leeward. The adventures of Ben Clark, the hero of the story and 
 Jake the cook, cannot fail to charm the reader. AS a writer for young 
 people Mr. Otis is a prime favorite. 
 
 a LN NRA SRR a a 
 For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of price by the 
 publisher, A. L, BURT, 52-58 Duane Street, New York. 
 
A. E. BURT’S BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. 3 
 
 BOOKS FOR BOYS. 
 Wrecked on Spider Island; or, How Ned Rogers Found 
 
 the Treasure. By James Oris. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Ned Rogers, a ‘‘down-east’’ plucky lad ships as cabin boy to earn 
 a livelihood. Ned is marooned on Spider Island, and while there dis- 
 covers a wreck submerged in the sand, and finds a considerable amount 
 of treasure. The capture of the treasure and the incidents of the 
 yoyage serve to make as entertaining a story of sea-life as the most 
 eaptious boy could desire. 
 
 The Search for the Silver City: A Tale of Adventure in 
 
 Yucatan. By James Otis. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Two lads, Teddy Wright and Neal Emery, embark on the steam 
 yacht Day Dream for a cruise to the tropics. The yacht is destroyed 
 by fire, and then the boat is east upon the coast of Yucatan. They 
 hear of the wonderful Silver City, of the Chan Santa Cruz Indians, 
 and with the help of a faithful Indian ally carry off a number of the 
 golden images from the temples. Pursued with relentless vigor at last 
 their escape is effected in an astonishing manner. The story is so 
 full of exciting incidents that the reader is quite carried away with 
 the novelty and realism of the narrative. 
 
 A Runaway Brig; or, An Accidental Cruise. By 
 
 James Oris. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 This is a sea tale, and the reader can look out upon the wide shimmer- 
 ing sea as it flashes back the sunlight, and imagine himself afloat with 
 Harry Vandyne, Walter Morse, Jim Libby and that old shell-back, Bob 
 Brace, on the brig Bonita. The boys discover a mysterious document 
 which enables them to find a buried treasure. They are stranded on 
 an island and at last are rescued with the treasure. The boys are sure 
 to be fascinated with this entertaining story. 
 
 The Treasure Finders: A Boy’s Adventures in 
 
 Nicaragua. By James OTIs. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, price $1.00. 
 
 Roy and Dean Coloney, with their guide Tongla, leave their father’s 
 indigo plantation to visit the wonderful ruins of an ancient city. The 
 boys eagerly explore the temples of an extinct race and discover three 
 golden images cunningly hidden away. They escape with the greatest 
 difficulty. Eventually they reach safety with their golden prizes. We 
 doubt if there ever was written a more entertainrng story than ‘‘The 
 Treasure Finders.’’ 
 
 Jack, the Hunchback. A Story of the Coast of Maine. 
 
 By James OTs. Price $1.00. 
 
 This is the story of a little hunchback who lived on Cape Elizabeth, 
 on the coast of Maine. His trials and successes are most interesting. 
 From first to last nothing stays the interest of the narrative. It bears us 
 rege 3 as on a stream whose current varies in direction, but never loses 
 
 s force. 
 
 With Washington at Monmouth: A Story of Three 
 
 Philadelphia Boys. By James Otis. 12mo, ornamental cloth, olivine 
 
 edges, illustrated, price $1.50. 
 
 Three Philadelphia lads assist the American spies and make regular 
 and frequent visits to Valley Forge in the Winter while the British 
 occupied the city. The story abounds with pictures of Colonial life 
 skillfully drawn, and the glimpses of Washington’s soldiers which are 
 given shown that the work has not been hastily done, or without con- 
 siderable study. The story is wholesome and patriotic in tone, as are 
 all of Mr. Otis’ works. 
 
 ee ee es 
 For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of price by the 
 publisher, A. L, BURT, 52-58 Duane Street, New York. 
 
4 A. L. BURT’S BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. 
 
 BOOKS FOR BOYS. | 
 With Lafayette at Yorktown: A Story of How Two 
 
 Boys Joined the Continental Army. By Jamzs OTIs. 12mo, ornamental 
 cloth, olivine edges, illustrated, price $1.50. 
 
 Two lads from Portmeuth, N. H., attempt to enlist in the Colonial 
 Army, and are given employment as spies. There is no lack of exciting 
 incidents which the youthful reader craves, but it is healthful excite- 
 ment brimming with facts which every boy should be familiar with, 
 and while the reader is following the adventures of Ben Jaffrays and 
 Ned Allen he is acquiring a fund of historical lore which will remain 
 in his memory long after that which he has memorized from text- 
 books has been forgotten. 
 
 At the Siege of Havana. Being the Experiences of 
 
 Three Boys Serving under Israel Putnam in 1762. By James Otis. 12mo, 
 ornamental cloth, olivine edges, illustrated, price $1.50. 
 
 ““At the Siege of Havana’’ deals with that portion of the island’s 
 history when the English king captured the capital, thanks to the 
 assistance given by the troops from New England, led in part by Col. 
 Israel Putnam. 
 
 The principal characters are Darius Lunt, the lad who, represented as 
 telling the story, and his comrades, Robert Clement and Nicholas 
 Vallet. Colonel Putnam also figures to considerable extent, necessarily, 
 in the tale, and the whole forms one of the most readable stories founded on 
 historical facts. 
 
 The Defense of Fort Henry. A Story of Wheeling 
 
 Creek in 1777. By Jamss Ot1s. 12mo, ornamental cloth, olivine edges, 
 illustrated, price $1.50. 
 
 Nowhere in the history of our country can be found more heroic or 
 thrilling incidents than in the story of those brave men and women 
 who founded the settlement of Wheeling in the Colony of Virginia. The 
 recital of what Hlizabeth Zane did is in itself as heroic a story as can 
 be imagined. The wondrous bravery displayed by Major McCulloch 
 and his gallant comrades, the sufferings of the colonists and their sacrifice 
 of blood and life, stir the blood of old as well as young readers. 
 
 The Capture of the Laughing Mary. A Story of Three 
 
 New York Boys in 1776. By James Or1s. 12mo, ornamental cloth, olivine 
 
 edges, price $1.50. 
 
 “During the British occupancy of New York, at the outbreak of the 
 Revolution, a Yankee lad hears of the plot to take General Washington’s 
 person, and calls in two companions to assist the patriot cause. They 
 do some astonishing things, and, incidentally, lay the way for an 
 American navy later, by the exploit which gives its name to the 
 work. Mr. Otis’ books are too well known to require any particular 
 commendation to the young.’’—Evening Post. 
 
 With Warren at Bunker Hill. A Story of the Siege of 
 
 Boston. By James OTIs. 12mo, ornametnal cloth, olivine edges, illus 
 trated, price $1.50. 
 
 “This is a tale of the siege of Boston, which opens on the day after 
 the doings at Lexington and Concord, with a description of home life 
 in Boston, introduces the reader to the British camp at Charlestown, 
 shows Gen. Warren at home, describes what a boy thought of the 
 battle of Bunker Hill, and closes with the raising of the siege. The 
 three heroes, George Wentworth, Ben Scarlett and an old ropemaker, 
 incur the enmity of a young Tory, who causes them many adventures 
 the boys will like to read.’’—Detroit Free Press. 
 
 SSS SSS 
 For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on Fecelnt of price by the 
 publisher, A, L, BURT, 52-58 Duane Street, New York. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
 NAIC 
 
 3 0112 070493058 
 
 Sern ere ee, 
 
 why eee ne igs 
 
 ia Rerg otaieence ak ate 
 
 ~ ee 
 ae. a See 9B pre SV Sie a ey 
 
 eae ee 
 BEE ae Meet en 
 
 i teeta ee 
 Se rr AA S > meat: . 
 ee ne 
 wis spe ees Se 5 : oa - . =, Seek ee ee 
 ica tsa nia agg ion 
 Se aes 
 Sa iE Beg a Fy : Pi rps an ooo 
 eee cles . Sth ie ee 
 
 Be ne Signs, 
 
 Se eee 
 OFT Ry me, 
 sl ae tel ee 
 
 SOS ye 
 
 Par Dear arts hae ee < : 2 — “ . ede