Meter Installations and Meter Rates By E. I. ROBERTS ASSISTANT ENGINEER STATE OF OHIO ‘DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH =. COLUMBUS eel JNIVERSITY 9} bis CoLumsBus, OHI0o: - INIVERSITY OF ILLINGIS THE F. J. HEER PRINTING Co." 1923 Bound at State Bindery. Pinar reer Pam ns GAB ll 7 On3 ee Me LiERARY FE THs Phe LiQGANE UF hit JUN 13 1994 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Meter Installations and Meter Rates By E. I. Roperts, Assistant Engineer Ohio State Department of Health A study*of meter rates and meter installations was undertaken by: the State Department of Health of Ohio, as a result of a large demand for information on this subject by officials of Ohio cities and villages. This demand was brought about by the increased cost in the operation of water works. The study indicates that for cities and villages of Ohio with services 100 per cent metered, the average daily consumption is go gallons per capita and for cities and villages with no metered services, the average daily consumption is 170 gallons per capita. The average domestic rate in Ohio for surface water supplies filtered is slightly higher than the average domestic rate for well water supplies, while the average manufacturing rate for filtered water is slightly less than the average manufacturing rate for well water supplies. In comparing the water consumptiton of cities and villages with and without metered services and in predicting how much metering will reduce the water consumption many factors must be taken into considera- tion. The more important of ‘these factors are the use of water for manufacturing purposes, the use of private industrial water supplies, the use of private wells for domestic purposes, the condition of the distributing system, the character of the water, the extent to which a city or village is sewered and the cost of water. For a lack of definite information on these many factors, we have not attempted to draw any definite conclusion as to how much water consumption might be reduced by complete metering but have simply. recorded the consumption as we have found it in the various cities and villages. One cannot conclude that the rates as they exist in Ohio indicate that filtered water is necessarily more expensive than well water since the installation of water purification plants has generally been more recent than the installation of well water supplies. As a result rates for filtered water have been increased in some instances to meet the cost of installation rather than the cost of producing water. We, therefore, cannot draw any definite conclusion from these rates but must simply state the rates as they are found to exist. 3 4 In making a study covering such a large number of cities and vil- lages (150) as we have included in our list for study, it has been neces- sary to rely largely upon the cooperation of the officials connected with the various water works under consideration. For the most part, we have had the full and hearty cooperation of these officials. Information for this study was obtained from three sources; viz.: inforamtion blanks sent out to each water works official; monthly re- ports on the operation of water purification plants, and records of investi- gations made by representatives of the State Health Department. The largest amount of information was obtained from blanks sent out to water works officials. Each official was asked to furnish informa- tion on the following items: Total number of all services. Total number of metered services. Is metering compulsory? Meter reading (monthly or quarterly) Meters owned by Meters maintained by Meters installed by Cash deposit required de RNP al gh A mal eee ee Meter Rates Cents per thousand gallons 1. Domestic rate . (Averaging less than 25,000 gallons per imonth) #29) tae 6. SS PE Ss Le iaeee wa ao 2. Intermediate rate (Averaging between 25,000 and 250,000 gallons; per: month). > 8 ee Eas ee 3. Manufacturing rate Averaging more than 250,000 gallons per Month) =~ a) eS eine eee leg a Minimum Annual Meter Rate (5/8-inch connection ) SUMMARY OF DATA ON METERED SERVICES Item | Domestic Manufacturing Total | Intermediate | Water consumption—(Water | gel Number of metered services.. Total amount of water sup- plied (millions of gals.)... Total amount of revenue de- rived. (dollars) ye. sesctdte <- pumped per 24 hours in PALS alee oe lee eres Sears —— | | | ee Pe Fs Fi pV Nee aha he TRA REA |, 5 In most instances all of the first eight questions were answered completely. Under the item, Meter Rates, most of the officials either filled in the blank spaces or submitted a schedule of rates with the in- formation blank. Under the table, “Summary of Data on Metered Services,” the first item, “number of metered services,’ was filled in more completely than any of the other items in this table, but the information obtained, in- dicated that the different types of services, especially intermediate and manufacturing were often confused. This was evidenced in the reports of the smaller cities and villages where often the number of manufactur- ing services, if they really existed, based on a use of 250,000 gallons or more per month, would exceed the total water consumption of the city or village. However, this item does give some indication of the number of industries using the public water supply for manufacturing purposes. Under the second and third items, little information was secured and in our tables no consideration was given to them. The question of water consumption was omitted on the first blanks sent out but was included on a second list which was sent to all cities and villages having well water supplies. Consumption for cities and villages with water purification plants was obtained from the monthly reports of operation received by the State Health Department. It has been the practice of the Division of Sanitary Engineering where possible, to secure inforamtion regarding water consumption and meter installations on each investigation that is made in the field. In this way we have secured some data which otherwise would not be available. For purposes of comparison, cities were divided into six classes, Yee, DE, and fF. Class A representes all cities with a population of 50,000 or more regardless of the type of supply. Class B represents cities with populations from 15,000 to 50,000 and which purify water by filtration. . Class C represents cities with populations from 15,000 to 50,000 which secure their water supplies from wells. Class D represents cities with populations from 5,000 to 15,00 which purify water by filtration. Class E represents cities with populations from 5,000 to 15,000 which secure their water supplies from wells. Class F represents cities with populations from 5,000 to 15,000 which obtain water froma surface supply which is not treated in a water purification plant. 6 . Villages were divided into classes, G and H. Class G represents villages with populations from 2,000 to 5,000 wines purify water by filtration. Class H represents villages with populations from 2,000 to 5,000 which secure their public water supply from wells. The eight classes include all of the cities in Ohio and all of the vil- lages having public water supplies and populations from 2,000 to 5,000. The data obtained have been compiled in three tables and include in addition to the information asked for on the blanks sent out, the type of supply and the population served. These tables are the most valuable part of our study on meter installation and meter rates. A study of these tables indicates the general effect of metering on water consumption. This is graphically shown in Plates I and II where consumption in gallons per capita per day is plotted against per cent of services metered. The graph shows that the average daily consump- tion for 100 per cent metered cities and villages in Ohio is 90 gallons and the average daily consumption for cities and villages without meters is 170 gallons. Plotting a curve for cities alone, we find the average daily consumption for 100 per cent metered cities to be 100 gallons per capita and 170 gallons per capita for cities without meters. The lowering of the consumption curve when cities and villages are plotted together is probably due to the lack of sewerage systems in many of the villages. A summary of the average rates for the various classes of cities and villages together with the average consumption and average per cent metered is shown in Table I. Table I Ww Lo i Rates—Cents Per Thousand a) D Gallons ww WW a8 ae a ES eS pas) Class z 3 Si 2 = » Oi een) aha fe 3 Ue vg & a) 5 oO v ses! ~ Cc Uns SaaS 5 3) et ES 2 He : ; a SoU ow 3 ey a Bs = n A ks = S : | AR sis Ree BIO SE ee Le 115 91 15 13 1 8.07 ee ores gio cen A he A 120 68 I-32 19 13: Oa Ccisiri ee Se ee ane eee 105 78 22 | 16 14 7.18 D s Petia ls erste cies Gok gate Mant oe eat ee 130 63 | ot VA 134 12.20 Ba oats op Pht ene eee Sle | 105 63 Bae, 99) 15° 9.28 # Be ISON NCE AIO ot MIS Bn eee 145 i 43 23 11 12 1293 Ces ce SER hese ee Eee eee | 95 -~ Q5 71 (48) 30 23 10.72 PAS Seco bias coe ae spt ier, mee cue | 105 63 41} | 23. | 25 8.88 ae eee ee ee ee OS en ees ee) ol ei NOTES — The average consumption for each class is a weighted average according to populations of various municipalities. The percentage of services metered is obtained by dividing the number of metered services by the total number of services for each class. 280 7 PLATE I STATE or OH/O DEPT oF HEALTH DIV of SAN Y ENG. Curve showing relation of water consumption fo , ~ 240 metering for cities in Qo a iS 220 : De ae X 200 , | Ses S 120 i /60 Piss 2 /40 ee = = 720 IN > 2 Nee /00 es < 8 Q GO » 40 ar 20 . ie 4 2o 40 60 80 /00 PERCENT ~ METERED GALLONS PER CAPITA PER DAY. CONSUMPTION STATE or OH/O DEP'7. of HEALTH DIV. of SAN XY ENG. Curves pont relation tion Jo @ O PERCENT METERED 9 It will be noted from this table that the larger the city the lower the average cost of water per thousand gallons, and that the average cost of filtering water as indicated by the rates for domestic use is slightly higher than for well water supplies without filteration. However, the average cost of filtered water for manufacturing purposes is slightly lower than the cost of well water for manufacturing purposes. In the column marked, domestic rate, class G, it will be noted that the rate of seventy-one cents is exceptionally high. This is due to the rate charged by one village alone which if omitted would bring the domestic rate down to forty-eight cents per thousand gallons making it comparable with water obtained from wells for villages in the same class. Re 2 ieee | DATA | METER INSTALLATIONS ano METER RATES OHIO CITIES with POPULATIONS ABove 15000 Compiled by DEPARTMENT of HEALTH, STATE oF OHIO December 1/922. Services Municipality Akron ROEFSS Canton 87091 “Cincinnati | 40/247 Cleveland : 79684! 111 037 Columbus 237031 39 786 Dayton 152559 i/ | 32552 Springtield - 60840 8000 Toledo ‘| 243/64 46250 Youngstown 132358 22458 DEROLOEOHO Ashtabula 22082 East Liverpool! 2/411 Cities with| Elyria ‘ 20474 Lima 4/326 Lorain ECE Newark 4267/8 Portsmouth. 330// Sandusky 22897 Steubenville 28 508 Warren 27050 Alliance 2/603 = 595 §9909009 G. Barberton Findlay Cities with\ Hamilton Mansfield Marion Massillon Middletown Norwood Zanesville TOOHNOLRR 9 Cities // Cities Key: F _ = Filtration SF = Softening plant W 3 Well Supply Co = Company Con = Consumer M =» Monthly Q = Quarterly SA = Semi-anrnvally : = Based on population of city and of nearby municipalities served by city. Water waste survey reduced fais yigure srom 16S fo IF tt (922 AaB:Consumption for Class A&B based on average for /92/. (é =Consumption for Class C based on figures obtained trom City for (922. Domestic Rate = 25000 gallons or less per month. Intermediate Fate= 25000 fo 250000 gallons per month. Manufacturing Rate = 250000 gallons per morth OF OVEr- ad DATA METER: INSTALLATIONS ano METER: RATES OHIO CITIES wrn POPULATIONS Frou 5000 Tro 1/5000 Compiled by DEPARTMENT oF HEALTH, STATE of OHIO December 1922 , a <7 HMefer Rotes Fs r) cents per M. gallons \Minimum Class Municipality of umber Percent! f, a. F i | Anaval etered Meferea (ff ce Charge ne yo Yo Meter Ashland Bellaire Cities with| Bucyrus Filter Plants | Cambridge ofoxk x DHeo Hop Qsxstees Ponesrille Pormersy &Midd/eport Pavenma Witfin WAAAAARAAADAAANA = H BVOV > 1 HS = n jE Athens : Bellefontaine Cities with \ Bewllng Green Well Supplies \ Chillicothe and Papuafotions| Circlevitte from 5000 Coshocton to (S000 Cuyohoga Fal/s Delphos Dorer Last Padestire Galion Gallipolis Girerd Greenville Yackson Kenmore kent Kenton Lancaster Logan artis Ferry Mt Verrean Ne/sorvilla New Philadelphia St Berrerd Sr Marys Solem Shelby Sidney Tro Urbana Yan Wert Wapokorera WoshingtonC. Wilmington Weoster xXe7/a “ QNH HH» ¢) HB EHHHA SX FRERT TT ETT TTT TT TT TET ST TTT TTETE S F Belerwe Fostoria Citfes with| Fremoar Surtees Sup-| Nor walk plres Untiltered| Pigua and Populitiens | Struvners Toronto Wellstor Wellsville GUGHWHUHHY | FHS ZEVES /6 Cities 37 Cities I Cites F 130 63 37 2/ 134\| /220 Ww 706 63 29 2/ 1S 928 s 43 23 v1 /2 7.23 wey: F Filtration SF Softening Plant Ww We// Supply wy Tron Removal Plant S Surface Supply without filtration SS Surface Supply with storage reserroir Co. Company Con. Consumer M Monthly . o Quarterly SA Sem -anrually * Based on population of city and meorby municipalities served by city Domestic Porte #5000 alions er sess per month Intermediate Fare £5000 Fo 850000 gallons per month Manufacturing rate 250000 gallens per leomth or over Wie a r We re 3 ote an AUNT 1924 i. © GAWWERSITY. OF ILLINOIS amend cos - i Class G Villages with Filter Plants and Populations from #2000 to 5000 Hf Villages with| Bryan Well supplies and FPopularie, trom 2000 to 5000 G /# Villages 95 95 | 7 H 45 Villages 105 63 4 wey: DATA METER INSTALLATIONS ano METER RATES FoR OHIO VILLAGES wire POPULATIONS FROM 2000 te 5000 Compiled by DEPARTMENT of HEALTH, STATE of OH/0 December /922. Services Meters Meter fates Monicipality Barnesville Berea faron Geneva Medina Napoleon Oberlin Port Clinton Sebring Upper Sandusky Wauseon Wellington Willoughby Woodstjeld & nny Ada Bradford Cadiz Carey Carrei/ton Celina Chagrin Falls Clyde Columbiana Crestline Franklin Glouster Greenfield Mreksville Hills bore Hubbard Lebanon Lishon London Louisville Lowelvi//e Marysville Maumee / Miomis burg Millersburg Minerra Mingo Jer. Moat pe lier New Comers town New Lexington North Baltimore Orrville Orvfowa Oxford Pouldin Perrysburg Feadin, Saline ville Shadyside Tippecanoe City Wood's warth Westerville Willard Wyorm ing LQHHAH | FOHNHH Oo OHHH Qg EN QO = PAHBHADB 9 OH gO a TR VRTTVVGHS TESTS TTT TEE TE TS TTT TET ETSTTVTSETSE TTETEIE | HWANAD w AVERAGES F = Filtration Sf = Softening Plant W = Well Supply 4 «© /ron Pemova/l Plont S = Surface supply without yil¢ration Co = Company Con= Consumer Val Village “wes Monthly Q = Quarterly 4 SA = Sem-annuah # (= Based on population of village and nearky municipalites served by village Demestic Fate = 25000 petans. or sess ner jel f ae, Intermediate Pate = 25000 70 250000 gates per prortth, Manufacturing Fate = 250000 gallons per month er over 4 \ ii’ 12088637510 — a ek ESE. 5 LU PERT hes Ln = ee ee he — Ae Min ger af ERAN ECA Se j va PDS Dinos EC is ERAN Relea paket aa ee