it 
 
 | UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR, | 
 
 [From THE TweL_rrH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS BUREAU, OF STATISTICS 
 oF Lagpor, For 1881. } 
 
 Ae x BY | 
 GARROLL D. WRIGHT, 
 
 OHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
ma nel bane hE DELON, 
 
 Return this book on or before the 
 Latest Date stamped below. 
 
 UNIT MR. 
 
 University of Illinois Library 
 
 ARY OF THE. 
 24 1932 
 
 i 
 
 - ry ai f i is 
 y OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 REPRID 
 
 L161—H41 
 
 BOSTON : 
 WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 
 18 Post OFFICE SQUARE. 
 1889. 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 {| From tHe TweLtrrH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 
 MASSACHUSETTS BUREAU OF STATISTICS 
 or Lazsor, ror 1881. | 
 
 BY 
 
 CARROLL D. WRIGHT, © 
 
 CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 n it inal 
 UNIVEnsITY OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 REPRINTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF CHAP. 7, 
 RESOLVES OF 1888. 
 
 BOSTON : 
 WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 
 18 Post OFFICE SQUARE. 
 1889. 
 
ee 
 Ses Ses 
 
CLG EN GME ING, 
 
 Legislative resolve, 
 Uniform inquiries made, 
 Statistics collected by special ee 
 Inquiries of manufacturers, 
 Inquiries of employés, 
 o Manufacturers; materials, 
 _ Maine, 
 New HA PnEire. 
 Massachusetts, 
 Rhode Island, 
 Connecticut, 
 New York, : 
 Manufacturers; markets, tr eto rtation, aad gommnetition: 
 Maine, 
 New Panis 
 Massachusetts, 
 Rhode Island, 
 Connecticut, 
 New York, A , ; : : : 
 fi . Manufacturers ; employés, wages, and hours of labor, 
 
 <3 Maine, 
 * 5 New Maripehire: 
 
 i Massachusetts, 
 
 od Rhode Island, 
 ¢ Connecticut, 
 
 New York, 
 
 a © Manufacturers; product of come Rnd antee 
 
 j Maine, ‘ 
 
 : New Hampshire, 
 
 0 Massachusetts, 
 
 of Rhode Island, 
 <i Connecticut, 
 ; . New York, : 
 > Statements of manufacturers ees fo the Pinas inquiries, 
 
 York and New England, should run 60 hours per week, 
 how would it affect this establishment? 
 Could machinery be so speeded as to make results aniform? 
 
 Sme 
 
 807016 
 
 If all mills of like grade, and producing like goods, in New 
 
 18-21 
 
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 [Shp WS bw ww 
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e 
 
 1V 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Statements of manufacturers — Continued. 
 
 Must the spinning department be run more hours than the 
 weaving department, on account of the state of the 
 atmosphere? ( : 
 
 Would the: running of this factory 60 hours per yeas in- 
 crease the cost’ of production any way? If yes, how? 
 
 Would running 60 hours per week make it necessary to employ 
 more hands to produce present amount of goods made? . 
 
 What effect would running 60 hours per week have upon 
 
 wages? : - 
 
 Under a decrease of ne “ae an increase of speed, wha 
 would be the effect upon the plant? . 
 
 Upon the employés? 
 Upon the cost of goods? : ‘ 
 
 Have experiments been made to test the ordain power of 
 the factory under different hours per day? With what 
 results? ; 
 
 Has the Massachusetts ea Hane ie Affected this ‘Taotorna in 
 any way? A 
 
 Has it enabled you to secure Noes skilled labor ney in gr ue 
 quantity, than before its passage? 
 
 Has it enabled you to draw skilled labor from Massachusetune 
 
 Has it enabled you to undersell Massachusetts manufacturers? 
 
 Physically, what effect would less hours have upon employés? 
 
 From what is known, what proportion of the employés in 
 this factory would make good use of more leisure time? 
 
 What is the prevailing opinion among the employés as to a 
 ten-hour law? 
 
 Do they, (the employés) or en dauire legal feacateeiae of the 
 hours of labor? : 
 
 What reason do they (the pieyed give io Fett opinion 
 
 So far as quality and quantity are concerned, how does the 
 product of the last hours of the day compare with that 
 of the first or the middle hours of the-day? 
 
 If many large mills can be successfully run under 60 howe 
 per weck, are there any valid reasons why all cannot be 
 so run? ; ‘ : ‘ 
 
 Does intemperance have any Pe norecianie effect upon the 
 product of the mill? 
 
 Returns and statements of Aeureecorecs Leiner of, 
 Employés; occupations, earnings, cost of living, etc., 
 
 Maine, F 
 New Hampshire, 
 Massachusetts, . 
 Rhode Island, 
 Connecticut, 
 New York, 
 
 Statements by employés leit és the route inquiries, 
 
 What would be the effect upon wages of a law establishing 
 the hours of labor at 60 per week? 4 
 
 What is the desire, if any, for a uniform system of (ere on 
 the hours of labor? 
 
 Page : 
 
 65 
 66, 67 
 68 
 69-72 
 72,73 
 73, 74 
 74 
 (Oa 
 77, 78 
 79 
 79, 80 
 81 
 82-84 
 85, 86 
 87 
 
 88 
 89, 90 
 
 90, 91 
 
 92, 93 
 
 93, 94 
 
 94, 95 
 96-121 
 
 96-99 
 98-103 
 102-107 
 108-111 
 110-117 
 118-121 
 122-136 
 
 122 
 
 122, 123 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Statements by employés — Continued. 
 Does the ten-hour law of Massachusetts affect the employés 
 
 in any way? If so, how? 4 : : ; : . 
 Has the Massachusetts ten-hour law any influence upon the 
 supply of skilled operatives? If so, how? . ; : 
 
 Are your opportunities for employment good, or poor?. 
 
 If hours are reduced, can you earn as much as now? 
 
 In the long run, can you accomplish as much in your line in 
 10 hours per day as in 11, other things being equal? 
 
 What disposition would be made of more leisure? ; 
 
 Does intemperance prevail to any extent among the opera- 
 tives in this town? . ) : : ‘ ‘ : A 
 
 Consideration of tables, and accoMpalying statements of manu- 
 
 facturers and employés, . : : 4 
 
 The result of the investigation, 
 
 Experiences of agents, . . 
 
 Ten hours desired by factory Pear nvee: 
 
 Objections urged against ten hours, ‘ 
 
 How uniform hours (ten) can be secured, 
 
 V 
 Page 
 124, 125 
 
 125, 126 
 126, 127 
 127 
 
 128,129 
 129-134 
 
 134-136 
 
 137-156 
 137 
 137-146 
 144 
 147-150 
 150-156 
 
i 
 
 ty 
 
OF AZ won fle Le f 
 ee meee , Yay fs pel aus , 
 
 Chief of Bureau of Statistics of Labor. 
 
ee 
 
ji 
 
 & 
 
 UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 The facts reported in this Part of the Twelfth Report of 
 the Bureau have been obtained in obedience to the following 
 
 RESOLVE RELATIVE TO A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF LAWS IN CERTAIN 
 STATES, REGULATING THE Hours oF LABOR. 
 
 Resolved, That the Bureau of Statistics of Labor is hereby directed to 
 collect data and obtain testimony from employers and employés in the 
 States of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con- 
 necticut, and New York, relative to a uniform system of laws to regu- 
 late the hours of labor in the States mentioned, and to present the 
 results of its investigations to the legislature in its next annual report. 
 
 Approved March 17, 1880. 
 
 The object of this resolve (chap. 29, Resolves of 1880) 
 was to furnish the public with such accurate data, that the 
 question of the establishment of a uniform system of laws 
 throughout the Eastern and principal textile manufacturing 
 States, regulating the hours of labor, might be scientifically 
 discussed ; and, to this end, all facts obtainable bearing upon 
 either side of the proposition have been gathered to the 
 fullest extent allowable by the means at the disposal of this 
 office. This information, so far as individuals are concerned, 
 has been held, of course, as strictly confidential, only the 
 classification of results having been embodied in this report. 
 
 Before beginning the systematic collection of data upon 
 the problem in question, suggestions were sought from many 
 employers and employés in this State, with a view to learn- 
 ing the points upon which inquiries could be made with rea- 
 sonable certainty of securing information. We concluded, 
 in order to secure the best possible results, to make uniform 
 inquiries, and to so draw them as to involve the main facts 
 relative to transportation, cost, production, sales, wages, 
 and other features which of necessity enter into the intelli- 
 gent consideration of the proposition which stimulated the 
 
4 | STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 resolve under which this investigation has been carried out. 
 It was also desirable to have all inquiries made in such man- 
 ner as to secure a close classification of the information re- 
 ceived. The importance of such classification is evident to 
 every one, whether in favor of, or opposed to, the doctrine 
 that strikes, lock-outs, and other difficulties can be avoided 
 in the East by the establishment of a uniform system of laws 
 regulating the hours of labor. 
 
 We have in this investigation followed our usual policy, 
 and collected the data reported through the direct personal 
 efforts of agents in the field. Each agent was supplied with 
 two schedules of inquiry for his own guidance, and which he 
 was to fill himself. One of these schedules was for the in- 
 formation obtained from manufacturers, and the other for 
 that given by employés. The following inquiries were 
 embodied in these schedules : — 
 
 Or MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 . Chief raw material used ? 
 
 . Cost per at factory, Aug. 15, 1880? 
 
 . Cost per where purchased, Aug. 15, 1880? 
 . Market where purchased ? 
 
 . Where is such material produced ? 
 
 Other raw material used in considerable quantities ? 
 Cost per at factory, Aug. 15, 1880? 
 
 . Cost per where purchased Aug. 15, 1880 ? 
 . Where are products sold principally ? 
 
 . Cost per ton for transportation to principal market? 
 
 11. Where is the principal competition in the manufacture of goods? 
 
 12. Where is the principal competition in selling the goods? 
 
 13. Are sales affected by the importation of foreign-made goods? 
 
 14. Proportion of employés? In each 100 employés? Men? Women? 
 Male children? Female children? 
 
 15, Average pay of each class per week? Men? Women? Male 
 children? Female children? 
 
 16. Pay of spinners per week? Highest? TLowest? 
 
 17. Pay of weavers per week? Highest? Lowest? 
 
 18. Pay of weavers, piece, per week? Highest? Lowest? 
 
 19. Hours of labor? Per day? Per week? 
 
 20. If all the mills of like grade and producing like goods in New 
 York and New England should run 60 hours per week, how would it 
 affect this establishment? 
 
 21. Could machinery be so speeded as to make results uniform? 
 
 22. What is the product of one hundred looms per week? 
 
 23. Number of looms attended by each weaver? 
 
 CONAN wwe 
 
 i 
 SS 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 5 
 
 24. Steam or water power? 
 
 25. What is the product of one hundred spinners per week? 
 
 26. Must the spinning department be run more hours than the weav- 
 ing department on account of the state of the atmosphere? 
 
 27. Would the running of this factory 60 hours per week increase the 
 cost of production any way? If yes, how? 
 
 28. Would running 60 hours per week make it necessary to employ 
 more hands to produce present amount of goods made? 
 
 29. What effect would running 60 hours per week have upon wages? 
 
 30. Under a decrease of time and an increase of speed, what would be 
 the effect upon the plant? Upon the employés? Upon the cost of goods? 
 
 31. Have experiments been made to test the producing power of the 
 factory under different hours per day? With what results? 
 
 32. Has the Massachusetts ten-hour law affected this factory in any 
 way? 
 
 33. Has it enabled you to secure better skilled labor and in greater 
 quantity than before its passage? 
 
 34. Has it enabled you to draw skilled labor from Massachusetts ? 
 
 35. Has it enabled you to under-sell Massachusetts manufacturers ? 
 
 36. Physically, what effect would less hours have upon employés? 
 
 37. From what is known, what proportion of the employés in this fac- 
 tory would make good use of more leisure time? 
 
 38. What is the prevailing opinion among the employés as to a ten- 
 hour law? 
 
 39. Do they or not desire legal regulation of the hours of labor? 
 
 40. What reasons do they give for their opinion? 
 
 41. So far as quality and quantity are concerned, how does the product 
 of the last hours of the day compare with that of the first or middle hours — 
 of the day? 
 
 42. If many large mills can be ‘successfully run under 60 hours per 
 week, are there any valid reasons why all cannot be so run? 
 
 43. Does intemperance have any appreciable effect upon the product 
 of the mill? 
 
 Or EmpLoyss. 
 
 . Line of employment? 
 . Whose establishment? 
 . Employed by the day or by the piece? 
 . Earnings? Per week? Total per year? 
 . Hours employed? Per day? Per week? 
 
 6. How many in your family? Adults? Children under 10? Chil- 
 dren over 10? Whole number? 
 
 7. Amount contributed by other members of your family to its sup- 
 port? 
 
 8. What does it cost to support your family for a year? 
 
 9. If unemployed during part of the past year, how long, and for 
 what reason? 
 
 10. What would be the effect upon ELSA gE a law establishing the 
 hours of labor at 60 per week? 
 
 oo — © DO Re 
 
6 - STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 11. What is the desire, if any, for a uniform system of laws on the 
 hours of labor? 
 
 12. Does the ten-hour law of Massachusetts affect the employés in 
 any way? If so, how? 
 
 13. Has the Massachusetts ten-hour law any influence upon the supply 
 of skilled operatives? If so, how? 
 
 14. Are your opportunities for employment good or poor ? 
 
 15. If hours are reduced, can you earn as much as now? 
 
 16. In the long run can you accomplish as much in your line in 10 
 hours per day as in 11, other things being equal ? 
 
 17. What aeoasan would be made of more leisure ? 
 
 18. Does intemperance prevail to any extent among the operatives in 
 this town? 
 
 TasLe I.— Manvuracturers. Materials. Martner. 
 
 SS emeeeeremeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee 
 
 Chief Raw Material| Where such Material is pro- 
 MATERIALS AND GOODS MANUFACTURED. 
 
 used. duced. 
 a 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton cloth . : ; . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 2 | Cotton cloth . ‘ 5 . | Cotton . | Ala., Ga., Tex.. 
 3 | Cotton cloth . ‘ : . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 4 | Cotton cloth . ’ : . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 5 ; Cotton cloth ; . | Cotton . | Ala., Tex., La., ete... 
 6 | Cotton cloth and bags 4 . | Cotton : - - 
 7 | Cotton goods . ; ; . | Cotton . | Ala., Tex.,Ga.,S.C.. 
 8 | Cotton goods . . | Cotton _ ap Bone 
 9 | Cotton goods Coe . | Cotton k - - 
 Print cloth and silesia 
 10 eee . | Cotton Pir Ala., Tex., Ga. . 
 11 | Sail and overall duck . | Cotton - | Lex., Dae 
 12 | Sheetings ‘ ‘ 4 . | Cotton ; - ~- 
 13 Sheetings ‘ : F . | Cotton . | Ala., Tex. 
 14 Sheeting ; : : ..| Cotton MA. . 
 15 | Sheetings : : . | Cotton . | lex. sla Tenn. 
 16 | Sheetings, ete. : ; . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 17 | Sheetings and shirtings : . | Cotton . } Ala., Gat Bema 
 18 | Warps and grain bags . . | Cotton : - - 
 19 | Warps and grain bags ; . | Cotton ‘ - - 
 Wool. 
 20 | Flannels. ; ; : . | Wool . . | Cal. and east of Miss. 
 River . 
 21 | Woollen cloths ; : pl OVN QOL: 6 . | Cal.; Me., Mich., O. 
 22 | Woollen goods : = WV OGL, . | Cal, ,Me., Mich., O. 
 23 | Woollen goods : . | Wool . ; ~ ~ 
 24 | Woollen goods. BaNV ODL. ; ~ -- 
 25 | Woollen goods ‘ SS WOOL a . | Everywhere 
 26 | Woollen goods ' : .|-Wool . »4 Lex. Cals So, Agee 
 
 ee 
 a 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 7 
 
 During the autumn of 1880 all the States named in the 
 resolve were quite thoroughly canvassed, and data secured 
 from 246 manufacturing establishments and 545 employés. 
 The tables then are the results of the information from 791 
 individual sources. The establishments visited comprehended 
 all grades of mills engaged in textile manufactures, while a 
 few paper-mills were called upon for information. 
 
 The data collected has been arranged in five tables, four 
 presenting the facts furnished by manufacturers, and followed 
 by classified general statements ; and one presenting the facts 
 furnished by employés, with classified general statements. 
 
 TapLe I. — Manvracturers. Materials. MAInNeE. 
 
 Cost oF CHIEF RAW MATERIAL, AUG. 15, 1880. 
 Market where such Material is pur- 
 
 chased. 
 
 At Factory. 
 
 Where purchased. 
 
 Southern States . 10,85, ¢. lb 985, c. lb. 1 
 Ala., Ga., Tex. . bid-e.lb.. 102 c. lb. 2 
 Ala., Ga., Tex., S.C. 205 Wis pitie.lb 3 
 Ala., Ga., Tex., S.C. 12 c. lb Li-enip 4 
 Ala. . : 10,%', ¢. lb 10 c. lb 5 
 12 c. lb - _ 6 
 Ala., Tex., Ga., S. eA 112 c lb - (pe 
 Boston ; 12 c. lb (Gee Lao 8 
 - Be Gel - - 9 
 Ala., Tex., Ga. 11} c. lb _ - 10 
 ete 0. 12 ¢. Ib Leribe 11 
 Ala., Ga., Tex. t34.clb 103 ¢ Ib. . 2 
 Ala., Tex. Leen Als 103 Calpe 13 
 Ala. : he cab. . 103 Cr lb. . | 14 
 >: ena Dro Tenn.. 10 ‘to 12): 1b; 91 ‘to Ti c.lbvaioto 
 Ala:, La., Tex. 113 to 13 oe lh: 11 to 12 ¢ Mibb. 2426 
 Ala., Ga., Tex. ree Galo ‘ 10$ ¢. Ib. . uf 
 Boston, Tex. 91 “to 192 co lbw. - ~ 18 
 Boston 94 tah CDs ~ - 19 
 Me., Boston Native fleece, 42 c.1b.| 42 ce. lb. 20 
 Boston 48 c.; clean, 80 c. 1b. | 46 ¢. Ib. 21 
 Boston 18 to 48 c. lb.; clean, 
 80 e. lb. : 46 ec. lb. 22 
 Boston In grease, 40 to 4500. 
 clean, 80 c.]b.  . | 40. lb. 23 
 Boston Clean, 706. to $1.101b| In grease, 30 to 
 AQ e. Ib. 24 
 Boston, N. Y. City 17 to 45 c. lb. ; clean, 
 65 ¢. lb. : - - 25 
 Tex., Boston, N. Y. City Clean, 65 to 90 c. Ib. | 36 to 37 ¢. Ib. . | 26 
 
 ee 
 — 
 
8 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 TaBLe I. — Materials. Maine — Concluded. 
 Ar ates BAD Coton ATA Sie teeteee Chief Raw Material} Where such Bae is pro- 
 used. duced. 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 27 | Woollen goods Wool . East India : 
 28 | Woollen goods Wool . N. E., Col., foreign 
 countri 1es 
 Wool, Cotton, and Shoddy. 
 29 | Woollen goods Wool . East India 
 30 | Woollen goods Wool , Q., Me., Cal. 
 _ Rags, ete. 
 31 | Book and news paper Rags, paper | Everywhere 
 New HampsuHire. 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton goods . Cotton Southern States 
 2 | Cotton goods . Cotton Tex., N. O., Mobile 
 3 | Cotton goods . Cotton Tex., Ark. : 
 4 | Cotton goods . Cotton Southern States 
 5 | Print cloths Cotton = - 
 6 | Yarns and fine sheetings Cotton Southern States 
 Cotton and Wool. ; 
 7 | Cotton and worsted goods Cotton Southern States 
 8 | Flannels, mixed twilled Cotton Southern States 
 9 | Flannels, union blue mixed . | Cotton Southern States 
 10 | Hosiery . Wool . Australia . 
 11 | Hosiery . Wool . Australia . 
 12 | Hosiery . Wool . Northern States 
 13 | Hosiery . . | Wool . Gulf States 
 14 | Hosiery, shirts, and drawers . | Wool . Australia . 
 Wool 
 15 | Flannels and woollen goods . | Wool . Me., Mich., O., Cal., 
 and other States . 
 16 | Flannels, woollen . Wool . Me., N..H., O., Cal.. 
 17 | Flannels. Wool . O., Mich., Wis., N.H., 
 Cal., Tex.,and Ter- 
 ritori 1es . 
 18 | Flannels . ; Wool . O., Mich., Cal., “Tex. 
 19 | Shirts and dr awers Wool . Southern States 
 20 | Woollens Wool . Montevideo and Ter. 
 21 | Woollen goods Wool . Me., Mich., O., Cal. . 
 22 | Woollen goods Wool . Me., Mich., O., Cal. . 
 23 | Woollen goods Wool . O., Pa., N.H., Cape of 
 Good Hope . 
 Shoddy and Cotton Waste. 
 24 | Blankets. . | Shoddy Everywhere ; 
 25 | Horse-blankets and satinets . Shoddy All over the country 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 9 
 
 TAsLE I.— Materials. Maine — Coneluded. 
 
 Cost OF CHIEF RAW MATERIAL, AUG. 15, 1880. 
 Market where such Material is pur- 
 chased. 
 At Factory. Where purchased. 
 Boston, Pa.. : ‘ . | Clean, 18 to 80c lb. | 17 to 19 e. lb. . | 27 
 Me., Mass, N. Y. City . | 18 to 55 ¢. 1b ; clean, 
 60 e. Ib. ; 40c.lb. . 4°28 
 Boston, Pa.. ‘ ; . | Clean, 18 to 80 ce. tb. 17 to 79 e. lb. . | 29 
 Boston ; ‘ : . 4bre. Tb. : 45 eplboels . 4. 80 
 Wah een ; ota t 7) Rags. <2 to 4 ¢ Ib-; { 
 Paper, 2to2ic.lb. | 14 to3e¢.lb. . | 31 
 
 New HaAmpsHire. 
 
 La., Tex., Ark., Miss.. boa end: : : - - 1 
 Tex., New Orle ans, Mobile, | 123 c. 1b. ; : — iy - 2 
 Southern States . ; 123 ¢. Ib.. ; : - - 3 
 Mo., Tex., S. C., N. Mh pe Ae Lae : . - - 4 
 123 c. lb.. : : _ - 5) 
 
 New Mork City . : iene. AD. . : ». | b2 Gib. 6 
 Tex., New Orleans, etc. . | 13}¢ lb.. : a ee ~ 7 
 Boston ee 2eslb.. ; si (P) Ou e2 me Orr ae 
 Boston and the South rbdecslb. . : 2 ibd, Orlin 3 64 09 
 Boston : . | In grease, 44 ¢. lb.. - - 10 
 Boston F ; ; suEMaasGLD., -: - - 11 
 Boston : ‘ ; Be ene grease, 30 ¢. Ib. . - - 12 
 Boston : : , ; - - 13 
 Boston “ : . . | In grease, 44 c. a ~ 14 
 Boston, Pa., N. Y. City, Conn.| Unwashed, 45 c. lb. ; 
 
 clean, 48 to 80c. lb. - - 15 
 Boston, Pa., Conn. . . | Clean, 50 to 80 c. Ib. - - 16 
 Mich., Wis., Boston . . | Seoured, 75 to 80 ec. lb - _ 07% 
 Wis., Mich., Me., Boston .| Clean, 75to80c.lb.} —- - 18 
 Boston . . | Clean, 75 c..Ib. ; ~ ~ 19 
 Boston : ; : ae wy Paar a As ee : : - _ 20 
 Boston ; ; ‘ . | 20t0 50 c.1b.; clean, é 
 
 80 ¢. lb. é + (4G: Gl Ds ies 
 Boston ‘ ; é . | Clean, 80 e. lb. : - - 22 
 ou ton : ; : epee. 1b. . : . | 453 ¢. Ib. . . | 23 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City . | 4h, Sas oe s 
 Boston, N. Y. CEE a eet tab Gale» y+ msg tee he - - 25 
 
10 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TABLE I. — Materials. IMASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 aaa e ere eeee reer eee eee renee eee ee 
 
 Chief Raw Material| Where such Material is pro- 
 MATERIALS AND GOODS MANUFACTURED. 
 
 used. duced. 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cottonades. : : . | Cotton . | Southern States. 
 2} Cotton cloth . 4 : . | Cotton . | Southern States. 
 3 | Cotton cloth . 5 : . | Cotton . | Ala., La. 
 4} Cotton cloth . : ; . | Cotton || Tex. ; 
 5 | Cotton cloth . .. : . | Cotton _| Southern States 
 6 | Cotton cloth . ; : . | Cotton . | Southern States. 
 7 | Cotton goods . : . | Cotton . - ~ 
 8 | Cotton goods . “ : . | Cotton : ~ - 
 9 | Cotton goods . : . | Cotton : ~ - 
 10 | Cotton goods . : : . | Cotton . | Southern States. 
 11 | Cotton goods . : : . | Cotton . | Southern States... 
 12 | Cotton goods . ; 4 . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 13 | Cotton goods . : : . | Cotton : - - 
 14 | Cotton goods . : ‘ . | Cotton , - - 
 15 | Cotton goods . . | Cotton. .]| Southern States. 
 16 | Cotton goods and hosiery . | Cotton . | Southern States. 
 17 | Cotton prints . . | Cotton ..| Lac, Texas : 
 18 | Cotton 2d worsted goods . | Cotton . | Southern States. 
 19_| Duck and yarn : . | Cotton : - ~ 
 20 | Flannels . 3 : . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 21 | Ginghams : ; : . | Cotton ; ~ - 
 22} Print cloths . : : . | Cotton : - - 
 23 | Print cloths . : ; . | Cotton ‘ ~ - 
 24} Print cloths . : : . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 25 | Print cloths . ; : . | Cotton : - ~ 
 26 | Print cloths . : : . | Cotton : _ - 
 27 | Print cloths . } ‘ . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 28 | Print cloths . : . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 29 | Print cloths . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 30 | Sheetings, shirtings, ete. . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 31 | Sheetings, silesias, and fancy 
 eottons : ; : 24 Cotton . | Ala., Tex., ete: : 
 32 | Towels and duck . : . | Cotton . | Southern States. 
 Wool. 
 33 | Woollen cloths ; ; . | Wool . ‘ - - 
 34 | Woollen cloths ; : ~~ Wool . 5 = alt 
 35 | Worsted yarn. : ; . | Wool . . | U.S., Canada, Cape 
 of Good Hope 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 36 | Woollen and worsted goods 
 and cotton yarns. ; - 4) WOOL. . | 0., Pay Galea . 
 
 S| anne agen Oe cern ee eee 
 
 RuopeE ISLAND. 
 
 SI ee ne a ee 
 
 Cotton. 
 1°} Cotton: goods ws5 >. ei Coton . | Southern States 
 2| Cotton goods. . : . | Cotton . | Southern States. 
 
 se ee ee 
 SS SS SSS ee 
 
La., Tex., Tenn. 
 
 UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 11 
 TaBLe I. — Materials. MaAssacHusetts. 
 Cost or CHIEF RAW MATERIAL, AUG. 15, 1880. 
 Market where such Material is pur- 
 chased. 
 
 At Factory. Where purchased. 
 N.Y. City, Southern States | 11 ¢. lb. . - ~ 1 
 Tex., Southern States 1i-o.1b.. leap; 2 
 Ala., La. : 112 c. lb.. - - 3 
 Tex: 11gc¢ lb.. - 4 
 Southern States . brenlb. . ae ce. Ib. i) 
 Southern States . 123 ¢. Ib.. 112 to 124 ¢. Ib. 6 
 
 - - = _ = ~ 3 
 Southern States . 11% ¢. lb.. - - 8 
 Southern States . tec The. = _ 9 
 Southern States . Hitce ies = _ 10 
 Southern States . a = - - 11 
 Southern States . 11}. lb.. — _ 12 
 Southern States . lle lb. . - = is 
 
 - Dig caihs - ~ 14 
 Ala., Tex, 112. lb. 103 c. Ib. . 15 
 N. Y. City, Boston. 112 c. lb.. 10} c. lb. . 16 
 Southern States, N. Y. {ISS sya 91.¢. lb. LZ 
 Southern States . 12°: lb: . - - 18 
 Southern Ports . 11, ¢. lb. - - 19 
 N. ¥. City . 1 é- lb: - - 20 
 N Y. City, Southern States, 123c¢.lb. - - 21 
 Southern Ports . 113 ¢. lb.. - - 22 
 Southern Ports . 11d, eb, - - 23 
 Southern States . Pes lh; 9% to 10h c. Ib.. | 24 
 Southern States . 11} c:1b. . 10-to 11 -e_lb.. 
 
 - - 104 Gealbu; - - 26 
 Southern States . 102 ¢. lh.. 93 ¢. Ib 27 
 Southern States . Piece ib 10 ec. Ib 28 
 Southern Ports . 11,43, ¢. lb ~ - 29 
 Southern States . = _ - - 30 
 Ala, Tex. . 114,55 ¢. lb 11,5, c. lb 31 
 Boston 111 c. lb 11}. 1b 32 
 CapeofGood Hope, Australia| 35 to 50 ¢. Ib. . ~ - 33 
 In usual markets 37 to 60 ec. lb. . - - 34 
 Boston, N. Y. City 47 to 55 ¢. Ib. . - - 35 
 Boston, Pa. 451 to 49 ¢. Ib. 45 to 49 ec. lb. . | 36 
 
 RuoveE IsLanp. 
 La.; Tex., Tenn. 123 ¢. lb.. 12.¢71b: 1 
 123 ¢. lb.. 12 ¢. lb. 2 
 
12 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TABLE I. — Materials. Ruopr Istanp — Concluded. 
 
 Chief Raw Material} Where such Material is pro- 
 MATERIALS AND GOODS MANUFACTURED. 
 
 used. duced. 
 
 3.| Cotton goods . , . | Cotton : ~ - 
 
 4 | Cotton goods . cms . | Cotton . | Tex., Miss., La., Ark. 
 5 | Cotton goods . : : . | Cotton . | Tex., Miss, ‘ Ark., La. 
 6.\ Yarns ~ ; : : : . | Cotton . | La, 
 
 (earns : 3 ‘ . | Cotton _ | Southern States 
 
 8.4 ars: nih . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 
 9 | Yarns and spool thread . . | Cotton . | Ala poe 
 10 | Spool thread, yarns, and knit- 
 
 ting cotton . : ; . | Cotton . | Ala., Miss., Tex. 
 
 Cotion and Cotton Waste. 
 
 11 | Wadding, eee and Pines 
 waste . Cotton and 
 cotton waste,| Southern States 
 
 Wool. 
 12 | Cassimeres . ; : . | Wool . . | Mich.; O., Cal, oe 
 ; Ney. . 
 13 | Woollen goods ; : . Weally tO. Vie eae 
 14 | Worsted yarns : . | Wools: : 
 15 | Worsted yarns and braids .| Wool . : Can., Mich., 0, Ky. 
 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 
 16 | Worsted goods : ' . | Wool . . | U.S.,Eng., Australia, 
 Can., Lreland 
 
 Horsehair and Cotton Warp. 
 
 17 | Hair cloth : ; : . | Horsehair . | Russia, S. A. 
 Wood and Rags. 
 18 | News paper . ; : . | Wood. : - ~ 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton HERTS fine . A . | Cotton . | Southern States 
 2a Ducks. ; ; . | Cotton : ~ - 
 3 | Duck , : : . | Cotton . | Mo., Ala., Tex. ‘ 
 4/ Duck . ‘ . | Cotton : ~ ~ 
 5 | Duck and sail twine. . | Cotton . | Ga. uplands 
 6 | Ginghams and dress goods. | Cotton . | Texas 
 7% Ginghams and dress goods. | Cotton ' | Southern States 
 8 Hosiery yarn . Cotton ra, a : 
 9 | Mosquito nettings, ete., cotton, Cotton _ | Southern States 
 10 | Print goods. : : . | Cotton 4 Lenn: é 
 11 | Print goods . : ; . | Cotton a7 - ~ 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 13. 
 
 TasBLe I. — Materials. Ruopr Istanp — Concluded. 
 Cost oF CHIEF Raw MATERIAL, AUG. 15, 1880. 
 Market where such Material is pur- 
 chased. 
 
 At Factory. Where purchased. 
 Southern States . L19-<) Ib.. - 2 3 
 N. Y. City, South 123 ¢. lb... 12'¢. 1b. 4 
 N. Y. City, South ive Ge lb. . 12 c. lb. "5 
 N.Y: Gity . : 123 ¢. lb.. 124°. Ibi. 6 
 Cotton centres = = - =- a 
 les 3 : 9 to 13c. lb. 9 to 122 ¢. lb... 8 
 Ala., Tex. . it? Gc: lb.. 11 c¢ lb. 9 
 Way City. 122 c. lb.. 122 e,, Tb... 10 
 N.E.,N.Y., Southern States, - - = - 11 
 Boston 28 to 45 ¢. lb. . 27 to 44c. 1b, . | 12 
 
 O., Mass., N. us City 
 
 U.S., Eng., Australia 
 Boston, Ky., Scotland 
 
 Boston, Eng. 
 
 Russia, S. A. 
 
 Me., R. I. 
 
 La., Tenn., Ga. . 
 
 N. Y. City and South 
 Southern States . 
 N.Y. City . ; 
 eCity, Pex. : 
 N. Y. City and South 
 
 Southern States . 
 N. Y. City.. 
 
 Ky. +. : : 
 Rhode Island . 
 
 40 to 50 c. 1b. ; clean, 
 90 e. to $1 Ib. 
 
 30 to 60 ¢. lb. . 
 
 40 to 50 ¢. lb. . 
 
 33 to 48 ¢. lb. . 
 
 Rough, 45 ec. lb.; 
 drawn, 90 c. lb. . 
 
 3c. lb. 
 
 CoNNECTICUT. 
 
 10 to'12.e. lb. 
 
 P25, Lbs: 
 113-6. lb.. 
 
 12. Iba. 
 1113 c. lb. 
 
 2 ~~ 13 
 - 14 
 Washed,40ec.lb. | 15 
 
 - = 16 
 m. = 17. 
 2ie;Ib. . APIs 
 9b torl0 culbot. | -t 
 - - 2 
 11} c& tbe. 3 
 - - 4 
 ~ ~ 5 
 - - 6 
 N.Y., 113 ¢. 1b. ; 
 South, 11% to 
 Tbexzlb. 7 
 - ~ 8 
 - - 9 
 = - 10 
 113 c. lb. . i 
 
14 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 Tasie I.— Materials. Connecticut — Continued. 
 ME SPERM E Ae ea eRe Chief Raw Material| Where such Material is pro- 
 used, duced. 
 12 | Print goods Cotton Texasye 
 13 | Print cloth Cotton Tex., Ga.. 
 14 | Print cloth Cotton - ~ 
 15 | Print cloth © Cotton Southern States . 
 16 | Prints, sheetings, etc. Cotton - - 
 17 | Patent hard-laid twine . Cotton ~ - 
 18’ | Seine twine Cotton Texas .. ; é 
 19 | Seine twine and welting cord, Cotton - - 
 20 | Seine twine, cotton Cotton Ala., N. C. i ; 
 21 | Seine twine and netting, cotton, Cotton Miss., Tex., N. O. 
 22 | Sheetings : F ‘ Cotton Ga, Tex: : 
 23 | Sheetings Cotton Southern States 
 24 | Sheetings Cotton Tex., Ala., Tenn. 
 25 | Sheetings Cotton Texas 
 26 | Sheetings, ete. Cotton - 
 27 | Sheetings, light Cotton Tenn., Tex., Mex- 
 ico, Miss. : 
 28 | Sheetings and print goods Cotton Texas 
 29 | Sheetings and drills Cotton Tex. upland 
 30 Shirtings, cheviot, and blue 
 and brown denims . | Cotton Texas. ; ‘ 
 31 | Shirtings, fine white vestings, 7 
 Ct ics ‘ : ; . | Cotton Southern States 
 32 | Spool cotton . Cotton 
 33 | Ticking, blue drills and shirt- 
 ing stripes . Cotton Ala. 
 34 | Various kinds of cotton cloths, Cotton Lex. Ark., Tenn. 
 35 | Various kinds fine cotton goods, Cott n - ~ 
 36 | Warp, cotton . ; . | Cotton Tex., Tenn. 
 37 | Warp, cotton . Cotton - - 
 38 | Warp, cotton . Cotton Southern States  . 
 39 | Warp and yarns, cotton. Cotton Texas. ' ‘ 
 40 | Yarn (for carpets) . Cotton Uplands . ; 
 41 | Yarns, cotton . Cotton Texas < : : 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 42 Cassimeres, beavers,and cloak- 
 ings ‘ Wool . Cal., Monte Video 
 43 | Cassimeres, fancy Wool . All over the country 
 44 | Doeskins and union cassimeres, Wool . Ohio, Cal. : 
 45 | Flannels . : Wool . - ~ 
 46 | Knit goods Cotton - 
 47 | Repellants, woollen Wool . Cal. ‘ 
 48 | Satinets, black Wool . West of St. Louis . 
 49 | Socks, woollen | Wool . Tex., Cal. ‘ <" 
 50 Waterproofing and tweeds Wool . Cale , j 
 51 | Woollen goods, cotton warp . | Wool . U.S.. 
 Wool. ; 
 52 Beavers, doeskins, ete. Wool . U.S.. ; é . 
 53 Cassimeres, medium Wool . Mich. A ; ‘ 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 15 
 
 TaBLe I. — Materials. Connecticut — Continued. 
 
 Cost oF CHIEF RAW MATERIAL, AUG. 15, 1880. a 
 Market where such Material is pur- 
 chased. 
 At Factory. Where purchased. 
 Rhode Island : «hall. oF Ib. 133 ¢. lb ey 
 Rhode Island ; - 1 122-erlb... 12} ¢. lb 13 
 Tenn. . ‘ , ‘ — - - 14 
 Rhode Island. ‘ a lal kes e. Ib. 112 ¢. lb 15 
 Conn. 4 é eos Gelb: 10} ¢ lb 16 
 -~ - - _ 17 
 N. Y. City . : : : 12. Lib ae : : ~ - 18 
 ~ - - ~ - 19 
 Southern States . : <i 2er6ol Ds. : ~ a 20) 
 Nox eCity . ede OC dDes : = tate ab, 21 
 Ga., Tex. . ea) 2H. 1h. . - eo 
 La., Ga., Ala., R. i‘ Miss. . 124 ¢. lb.. 114 c-lb. 23 
 N. Y. City F : » | 1122 °¢. Ib. - C. Ib. 24 
 N. oy City . iQerlb.’. 1) Exits 25 
 ~ - ~ ~ 26 
 Tenn. . ; . . 7 iene es lb. if elb 2 
 ~ 12} ¢. lb 10} elb 28 
 Nie Y. City . : : pietaree De: ~ - 29 
 OX Ate : ; . | 1285, ¢. lb. 11,83, e. Ib 30 
 is G. ibe. : 12,2, ¢. Ib 31 
 S.C. ‘(Sea Island), R. iy 28 to 45 c. lb. ~ - 32 
 Ga. F ; wime co.t2 c. Ib. - ~ 33 
 La., Tex., Tenn. : ; ; 1270 c. Ib 11,83, ¢. Ib 34 
 - - ~ - 35 
 Ni Y. City . : : piptae. 6 ib. ~ - 36 
 we as - 37 
 N.Y. City . : : : 12 ¢ Ib. 113 @. Ib. | 
 eek ty : : eo Meese rOLLOS ee e lb. 39 
 Ne aGity . : , . | 127% ©. lb. 11,34, c. Ib. 40 
 Conn. . : : é ¥ 131 c. Ib.. - - 41 
 Boston ‘ . | Clean, $1 Ib. ~ - 42 
 Boston, Conn , and West : - ~ ~ 43 
 Conn. . ‘ : A : Cem 85.6) Din 2 =) te - 44 
 ~ 45 to 874 ¢. Ib. : ~ - 45 
 cone eB & 5 : . | 20 to 40. Ib. ; - - 46 
 Boston, NEY. City <. Puce Gal... : : - ~ 47 
 Conn., NY: City, ete. on To-Gt Due. : ; ~ ‘= 48 
 BY. City . é . | 55 to 60 ¢. Ib. : ~ -- 49 
 Boston : ~ 16Qre. lbs. ; ; ~ - oO 
 Nc City, Boston, ete. .| 60e¢]b. . , : - - | dl 
 N.Y. City, Boston, Pa... - - - =. 159 
 Boston : . | 84 to 95 c. lb... . | In grease, 42 to 
 
 Pid oe oligo 88 
 
16 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TasLE I. — Materials. 
 
 Connecticut — Concluded. 
 
 ' Chief Raw Material| Where such Material is pro- 
 MATERIALS AND GOODS MANUFACTURED. 
 used. duced. 
 54 | Cassimeres, French Wool . Tex., Cal. Mass., 
 Eng., Conn, East 
 Indies . 
 55 | Cassimeres (fancy), ries 
 and kerseys. ; Wool . Australia . d . 
 56 | Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . Ohio, Mich. . 
 57 + Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . Australia, Cal., and 
 other States . 
 58 | Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . Ga., Cal., Tex., Ore- 
 gon : 
 59 | Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . Cal. 
 60 | Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . Texas 
 61 | Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . Australia . 
 62 | Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . Australia . 
 63 | Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . Ohio, Wis. ‘ 
 64 | Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . O., Pa., Cal., Austra- 
 lia, Cape G. E 
 65 ; Cassimeres, fancy . Wool . U.S: ‘ ; 
 66 | Knit underwear and zephyrs . Wool . ~ - 
 67 | Worsteds and fancy cassimeres, Wool . Australia . ; . 
 68 | Worsted goods for men’s 
 wear, very nice coatings Wool . Oregon, Ky., Ga, 
 69 | Worsted goods, fine, for men’s ihe ; : 
 wear, also woollen goods Wool . Cal., Monte Video, 
 Tex., Australia 
 Wool, Cotton, and Shoddy. 
 70 | Beavers (woollen) . Wool . Cal., S. A. 
 71 | Cassimeres, fancy, and shoddy, Wool . O., Mich., Cal. , Tex, 
 Territories . : 
 Wool and Shoddy. 
 72 | Cassimeres, satinets Wool . Conn., O., Territories 
 73 | Satinets . Shoddy,wool,| Australia and West . 
 74 | Satinets . Wool . . | Australia, O. 
 Silk. 
 75 | Machine twistand sewing silk, | Silk China, Japan . , 
 Miscellaneous. 
 76 | Corsets and corset-steel works, - - - =: 
 77. | Print goods and umbrella 
 covers . : : - - - - 
 78 | Webbings, narrow . Cotton yarn, - - 
 79 | Webbings, tapes, bands, sus- 
 penders, ete. . | Cotton yarn, 
 all spun . - - 
 80 
 
 Webbing, elastic and non- 
 elastic . ; 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. Ly: 
 TasBLE I. — Materials. Connecticut — Concluded. 
 ‘ Cost oF CuiEF RAW MATERIAL, AUG. 15, 1880. 
 Market where such Material is pur- 
 chased. 
 At Factory. Where purchased. 
 Boston CO ore Oe. 5944 ¢. Ib. 54 
 Boston : . | Clean,75c. to $1.10 Ib. = - ray) 
 Weak City, Boston, Conn. . | 55 ¢. to $1 lb. . : - ~ 56 
 Australia, Cal., and other 
 States : . | Clean, 60, 70, 80 c., 
 
 $1. 12 lb. : - of 
 Boston ; TU Calbia % ‘ 693 c. lb, . 58 
 Boston, N. Y. City Clean, 90 c. Ib. ~ ~ 59 
 Weed City, Boston Clean, 65 c. Ib. - - 60 
 Everywhere $1.20 lb. = - 61 
 - ~ SACS a ee _ — 62 
 Ohio, Wis. . Clean, 85 to 90 c. Ib. - - 63 
 N. Y. City, Boston, Pa. Bo @.tb, - - 64 
 Boston, etc. 60 ce. to $1 Ib. _ - 65 
 - - - 66 
 ort oaer HEN Visa usivalio: eyeau! $1 lb. _ ~ 67 
 N. Y. City, Boston atc. lb. ~ ~ 68 
 N. Y. City, Boston, Conn. . | Clean, 75 c. to $1 Ib. ~ - 69 
 Boston, Cal. = a aS 2 70 
 
 Conn., N. Y. City, Boston . | O.,85¢.]1b ; Tex., 60 
 to 70 ¢. Ib, - ~ 71 
 Conn. . 60°e. Ib: - - ae 
 Conn. . 2 Coe ~ - 73 
 Conn., N. YY. City, Pa. Clean, 80 c. Ib. - ~ 74 
 Nays City . $4 to $6.50 lb . - _ 75 
 = - - - - - 76 
 = - - - - _ 77 
 = - - - - 78 
 = = - - - - 79 
 
18- 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TaBLeE I. — Materials. 
 
 New YORK. 
 
 OONNS Ore 09 on! 
 
 MATERIALS AND GOODS MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Cotton. 
 
 Cotton goods . 
 
 Heavy fine shir tings and heavy 
 fine sheetings 
 
 Knit underwear 
 
 Knit underwear 
 
 Knit underwear 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths. : : 
 
 Print cloths . ; : 
 
 Print cloths . i 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths and cheese band- 
 ages. ; : 
 
 Sheetings and ‘denims 
 
 Sheetings 
 
 Sheetings 
 
 Sheetings 
 
 Shectings (light) : : z 
 
 Sheetings (light) : : 
 
 2 
 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 | Knit shirts and drawers 
 
 Knit goods 
 
 Cotton and Shoddy. 
 Knit underwear 
 
 Wool. 
 Beayers and fancy cassimeres, 
 
 Carpets 
 
 Carpets 
 
 Fancy cassimeres 
 
 Fancy cassimeres 
 
 Fancy cassimeres 
 Fancy cassimeres 
 Fancy cassimeres 
 
 Fancy cassimeres 
 
 Fancy cassimeres and flannels, 
 Flannels and cassimeres 
 Flannels . 
 
 Ladies’ shawls 
 
 Shawls and cashmere cloths . 
 Woollen cassimeres 
 Woollen goods and carpetings, 
 
 Cotton, Wool Stock, and Shoddy. 
 
 Chief Raw Material, Where such Material is pro- 
 
 used. duced. 
 Cotton - - 
 Cotton . | Gulf States  . Mave 
 Cotton - - 
 Cotton - - : 
 Cotton Tex. 
 Cotton «Laem, 
 Cotton D Tex. Gulf States 
 Cotton f 
 Cotton , Tex, Ark. 
 Cotton . | Tex. 
 Cotton - - 
 Cotton | Tenn. 
 Cotton : ~ ~ 
 Cotton “| ATES 
 Cotton rie LBS 
 Cotton . | Gag Tex.; “Miss. 
 Cotton | Tex., Ala. 
 Cotton ‘ Ark., Tex. 
 Cotton . | Tex., Ga:. ‘ 
 Cotton . | Ga, Ala.g a 
 Cotton = - 
 Cotton _ Ala.. 
 Wool . W. Va.,O., Australia, 
 
 | Cape of Good ~ 
 
 Wool . . | Russia 
 Wool . 4, - — 
 Wool . ‘ott, aes ‘ 
 Wool . | Everywhere 
 Wool . | Everywhere 
 Wool . i Chait ; 
 Wool . mu = = 
 Wool . . MonteVideo,O.,Cal., 
 Wool . Ae = = 
 Woolksatiqns a 
 Wool . Ry ak © © Pah Mich. . 
 Wool . ti O., Cape of Good 
 
 | Hope ; 
 Wool . . | O., Mich., N. ee Cal, 
 Wool . a P 
 Wool . : Haenies S. A. ‘ 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 19 
 
 TABLE IJ. — Materials. New Yor«. 
 
 Market where such Material is pur- 
 chased, 
 
 Tenn., N. Y. City 
 
 N.Y. City . 
 Ne City . 
 Wey. City: 
 Weak City . : 
 ear City, Lex: 
 
 Tenn. . 
 
 A 
 K 
 
 iby. 
 City . 
 
 @ 
 
 yy 
 
 ae & ‘ 
 Y. City, South 
 Ws Cily « : 
 Y; City . 
 
 Y. City . 
 
 ee 
 
 2 
 = 
 
 . City . 
 
 Mass. . 
 
 N. Y. City . 
 Usual markets 
 
 “Eroy, N.Y. 
 N. Y. City . 
 MAY. City. 
 Utica, N. Y. 
 Weer. 
 
 N Y. City, Boston, Conn. 
 
 Cost OF CHIEF RAW MATERIAL, Ava. 15, 1880. 
 
 At Factory. Where purchased. 
 
 - - - ~ 1 
 LZE Gal... ; 5 _ a 
 fitecslbr ‘ - - 
 Tiesto. ; : - — 
 
 Loves Lbs: : i122 G>1b. 8, 
 eC) DUM phe pk ee = 
 1121 ¢. Ib. ; ene rome, 
 
 - - - - 11 
 
 - ~ ~ - 10 
 1220 ¢ lb. . . | 123485 ¢ lb 12 
 131 c Ib.. : mis ba C.D . b 13 
 11% c¢.lb.. : , _ - 14 
 exis. : : - — 15 
 crib. A E ~ - 16 
 1fie. Lbs >. : ; — - 17 
 14. ¢: Ib... : CUB PRO Vat Tl bite: 
 113 ¢.lb. . } ; - - 19 
 12-c lb. -. : : _ - 20 
 111} ¢. lb. : ; ~ _ 21 
 ie Vb. ; : - 22 
 Clean, $1 Ib. ‘ ‘ - - 23 
 DUE Ce Dea ; : _ = 24 
 
 _ - = = 25 
 70 to 72 c. lb. . ee aes = 26 
 
 _ - = ry tend: 
 Scoured, 70 e. lb. . = = 28 
 CU rona donee ; . “= os: 29 
 714 eilbe. : ; 2 = 30 
 Clean, 58 ec. lb. : = _ 31 
 Raw, 35 to 40 ¢. lb.. - _ 32 
 Clean, 55 e¢. lb. : _ _ 30 
 30 to 55 c. lb. . d = _ 34. 
 Clean, 85 to 90 ce. Ib. - - 35 
 Scoured, 75 ¢. lb. . - - 36 
 30 tod G.lb. < : — - 37 
 
 . = = eet Oe 
 
20 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste I. — Materials. 
 
 New York — Concluded. 
 
 pee A ER SC 
 
 MAaeTAEs Rate GODS Mamowa Groans: Chief Raw Material; Where such Material is pro- 
 used. duced. 
 39 | Woollen goods . | Wool . N.Y.,O., Mich , Cal., 
 . Oregon, Eng. 
 40 | Worsted coatings . Wool . Australia 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 41 | Fancy cassimeres Wool . Nave 
 42 | Knit underwear Wool . Tex.,Cak, Territories 
 43 } Knit underwear Wool . ~ a 
 Weol, Cotton, and Shoddy. 
 44 | Fancy cassimeres, overcoat- 
 ings, and cloakings Wool . O., Mich., Cal., Ter’s, 
 45 | Woollen yarn . Wool . - - 
 Wool, Cotton, and Linen. 
 46 | Body Brussels carpets Wool . Mass., Conn. 
 Wool, Flax,and Jute Yarn. 
 47 | Carpets. Wool . Russia, S. A., Col. 
 Wool, Cotton, Jute,and Linen 
 Thread. 
 48 | Carpets, tapestry, Axminster, 
 and moquette Wool . Russia, East Indies, 
 America 
 49 | Ingrain and tapestry carpets . Wool . S. A., Russia, Spain, 
 Holy Land 
 | Wool, Hair, Mchatr, and Cotton 
 Warp. 
 50 | Woollen lap-robes . Wool . . | Russia, East Indies, 
 Shoddy, Wool,and Cattle Hawr. 
 51 | Kerseys and ladies’ cloakings, | Wool . LexiGon 
 Shoddy, Wool, Hair, and Cot- 
 ton Warp. 
 52 | Blankets (bed and horse) Wool . Col., Tex: 
 53 | Blankets (Southern markets), | Wool . Russia, Cal., Col. 
 Tex: ‘ : 
 Flax and Hemp. 
 54 | Twines, yarns, shoe-thread, 
 and linen Flax Holland 
 Silk. 
 55 | Silk woven goods . Silk China,Japan, Europe 
 56 | Not given - - - 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 21 
 
 Taste I. — Materials. New York — Concluded. 
 
 Cost OF CHIEF RAw MATSRIAL, AUG. 15, 1880. 
 Market where such Material is pur- 
 
 chased. 
 
 At Factory. | Where purchased. 
 
 = = ~ ~ ~ - 39 
 England _ gl Ib. - ~ 40 
 = _ Scoured, 65 ec. lb. = os Al 
 N. Y. City, Pa., Boston ber, ~ - 42 
 ~ - ~ ~ - a 43 
 Nay City OOrcalb: > - - 44 
 ~ - Best 60 to 80 ¢. Ib. . ~ ~ 45 
 N.Y. City . 60 c. lb. - - 46 
 Col., S. A., Russia 40° ce. Ib. . ~ - 47 
 = = - - - - 48 
 
 S. A., Russia, ely ee 
 Spain . | Clean, 30 to 45 ¢. Ib. ~ 7 49 
 N. Y. City, England . 2) t0,52 C.1b.. ~ - 50 
 Neve City. 23 to 68 ¢. Ib. . 15 to 50 c. Ib. . | 51 
 
 Ney. City «: Scoured and clean, 
 
 50 ¢. lb. - - 52 
 N. Y. City . Oe Alay - ~ 53 
 
 Russia, Belgium, Ireland, 
 "France f 11 to 114 &. lb; - - 54 
 N.Y. City . $3.75 to $5.50 Lb. - - 55 
 - = = = ~ ~ 56 
 
22 
 
 Taste IL. — MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 petition. 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Markets, Transportation, Com- 
 MAINE. 
 
 Goops MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Cotton. 
 
 1| Cotton cloth 
 
 2| Cotton cloth A 
 
 3} Cotton cloth 
 
 4| Cotton cloth 
 
 5 | Cotton cloth ; ; 
 
 6 | Cotton cloth and bags 
 
 7| Cotton goods . é 
 
 8 | Cotton goods ; 
 
 9| Cotton goods (colored) . 
 
 10| Print cloths and silesia cambrics 
 11 | Sail and overall duck 
 12 | Sheetings 
 
 13| Sheetings . 
 
 14| Sheetings . 
 
 15| Sheetings . . 
 
 16| Sheetings, etc. . 
 
 17 | Sheetings and shirtings 
 
 18| Warps and grain bags 
 
 19 | Warps and grain bags 
 
 Wool. 
 
 20| Flannels . 
 21} Woollen cloths . 
 22{ Woollen goods . 
 23 | Woollen goods . 
 24| Woollen goods . 
 25 | Woollen goods . 
 
 26 | Woollen goods . 
 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 -27 | Woollen goods . ; ° 
 28 | Woollen goods . ‘ A ; : 
 Wool, Cotton, Shoddy. 
 29 Woollen goods . 
 80 | Woollen goods °. ; és 
 Rags, ete. 
 
 31} Book and news paper 
 
 Where are Products Sold Prin- 
 cipally? 
 
 New York, Boston . P ‘ 
 N. E., N. Y., West 
 
 Boston, N.Y. . ; 
 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y., Md. . es 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 
 Boston, N: ¥. = : 3 
 Boston, (No Yes A 
 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 
 U.S., 8S. A., England. 
 
 ars ; 5 
 
 (eg eae 5 ; : 
 N.E,N. Y., West : 
 N. E., West : P : 
 Boston, N. Y. : 
 U.58., China “ : 
 
 Me., Mass., N. Y. ; ; 
 N. E., N. Y. : giles we . 
 
 Boston, New York . . “ 
 aX oo x ; = . 
 NiY; 2 F : ; 
 Me., N. H., Mass. : . A 
 N ey coe : 
 
 Boston, New York 
 
 Boston, N. Yi, Pa.jsviaeeee 
 
 Boston, N. Y. a : 
 Boston, N.Y. . - 5 . 
 
 Fe . | Boston, N. Y. 
 e Ld N. a6 e ° 
 
 N; BN. Xe . 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 TasLe IL. — MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 petition. 
 
 23 
 
 Murkets, Transportation, Com- 
 MAINE. 
 
 Cost per Ton for Transporta- 
 
 tion to Principal Market. 
 
 Where is the Princi- 
 pal Competition in 
 the Manufacture 
 of Goods? 
 
 Boston $2 40, N. Y. 
 
 Boston $2.00, N. Y. 
 Boston $2.50, N. Y. 
 
 Boston $2.50, Me. 
 
 To Boston . 
 
 To Boston . 
 
 Boston $2.00, N. Y. 
 
 From $2.00 to 
 
 Boston $2.00, N. Y. 
 
 To Boston . 
 
 Boston $2.00, N. Y. 
 Boston $2.00, N. Y. 
 
 From $2.00 to 
 
 From $7.00 to 
 
 From $6.00 to 
 
 Boston $2.00, N. Y. 
 
 From $2.00 to 
 
 B. $2.00, N. Y. $4 to 
 
 From $2 00 to 
 
 From $2.00 to 
 
 $5 00 
 
 4 50 
 1 80 
 1 80 
 4 00 
 4 50 
 1 00 
 
 . 2 00 
 
 2 00 
 2 50 
 
 3 20 
 
 4 00 
 4 00 
 4 50 
 
 . 1 7d 
 
 4 00 
 4 00 
 4 00 
 
 4 00 
 
 New England 
 Nein. 
 
 bobs mo 
 
 a 
 os 
 
 AAAAAAAAAAR AAA 
 B 
 = 
 
 bi otel tot  pt b be ot 
 
 ,N.Y. 
 
 K. 
 H. 
 BK. 
 EK. 
 E. 
 E. 
 HK. 
 
 ste le 
 
 , IL, Mich. 
 
 wae 
 oe 
 
 Where is the Princi- 
 pal Competition in 
 Selling the Goods? 
 
 Are Sales af- 
 fected by the 
 Importation 
 of Foreign- 
 madeGoods? 
 
 We do not seil . 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston 
 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Sell on commis’n 
 N.E., N. Y., West 
 N.E., N. Y., West 
 N.E., N. Y., West 
 N.E., N. Y., West 
 N. EN. 
 
 N. E., N. Y., West 
 Me., Mass., N. Y. 
 Ne Eee Ne Ye 
 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 INGov ite 
 Nuevos 
 
 Nv Ew. 
 
 NAY 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Chicago, III. 
 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Neva. 
 
 Very little. 
 Yes: 
 
 Yes. 
 Very liitle. 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 Some kinds, yes 
 
 No. 
 
 cmnounar wnwre 
 
 HS — ee 
 wee © 
 
24 oo STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Tasie Il. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. New Hamp- 
 SHIRE. 
 
 | : Where are Products Sold Prin- 
 GOODS MANUFACTURED. : 
 cipally? 
 
 Cotton. 
 Cotton goods . : " ; ‘ : . | Boston, New York . : F 
 Cotton goods’. Yeh eo Rd etl Ny 
 Cotton goods . ; 4 ; : A <i} Ds dane. fee 
 Cotton goods . : : : ; : | Boston; N.Y: 
 Print cloths : 3 5 - : : . | Boston : : , : 
 Yarns and fine sheetings . ; : : ~ 1 Re land Niwveus - : - 
 
 a oar WwW De 
 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 7| Cotton and worsted goods Pa " . | Boston, N. Y. 
 
 8| Flannels, mixed twilled . ; . ‘ . | Boston, N. Y., Pa. 
 9| Flannels, union blue mixed . § " . | Boston, N. Y., Pa. 
 
 10| Hosiery . ‘ < : 4 ; . | United States 
 11| Hosiery . . : : A 5 ; . | United States . 
 
 12} Hosiery . : ‘ : : : . . | Boston, N.Y. . 3 : : 
 13} Hosiery . ‘ é : : : ° - | Boston, N. Y., Phila., Chicago . 
 
 14| Hosiery, shirts and drawers . : : . | United States. : : F 
 
 Wool. 
 15| Flannels and woollen goods . . .  .+| Boston, N.Y. 
 16} Flannels, woollen . : 5 : 4 . | Boston, N. Y. 
 17| Flannels  . ‘ E j A 5 . 1 Boston, -N-ay 
 18| Flannels . : 0 A 5 4 . | Boston, N. Y. 
 19| Shirts and drawers . 4 i . 4 . | Boston 
 
 20; Woollens . 4 : 3 . . | New York . 
 21| Woollen goods . ‘ "4 é : 5 . | New York . 
 
 22| Woollen goods . : : : ; : . | Boston, N. Y. 
 23 | Woollen goods . : : : 4 ‘ . | New York . 
 
 Shoddy and Cotton Waste. 
 24| Blankets . 5 4 = - « | Boston, N.Y, Liiaae 3 : 
 25) Horse blankets and satinets  . : : . |SBoston, N. Y., LIL Pace : 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 Tas_E Il. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. 
 
 SHIRE. ~ 
 
 25 
 
 New Hamp- 
 
 Cost per Ton for Transporta- 
 tion to Principal Market. 
 
 8 00 
 Boston, $7; N. Y., $9 40; 
 Phila., li. ‘ : 
 
 Boston, $6; N. Y., $9 40; 
 Phila., $12; Chicago, $20 
 
 Boston, $6; N. Y., $9 40; 
 Phila., $12; Chicago, $20 
 
 $3 00 
 
 Boston, $6; N. Y., $9 40; 
 Phila., $12; Chicago, $20 
 
 Boston, $6; N. Y., $9 40; 
 Phila., $12; Chicago, $20 
 
 $4 50 to $5 50 : 
 $5 50 
 Boston, $4 80; N. Y., $6 
 Boston, $4 80; N. Y., $6 
 $5 00 
 
 5 40 
 
 8 50 
 
 $8 to $10 , 
 6 50 
 
 Boston, $4 50; N. Y., $7 
 Boston, $4 50; N. Y., $7 
 
 Where is the Princi- 
 pal Competition in 
 the Manufacture 
 of Goods? 
 
 Where is the Princi- 
 pal Competition in 
 Selling the Goods? 
 
 New England 
 New England 
 Fail River, Mass. 
 New England 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 New England 
 
 New England 
 
 INO Ei N.Y¥. 
 New England 
 
 Mali, Pas . 
 N. H., Mass. 
 
 Mass., N. H., Pa. 
 
 Mass., N. H., Pa. 
 
 New England 
 New England 
 New England 
 New England 
 New England 
 New England . 
 N.E.(N. H. prin- 
 cipally) 
 New England 
 New England 
 
 New England 
 Mass. . 
 
 Boston, N. Y 
 Kale andun. oY. 
 mR. Leands N.Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston : 
 R. I. and N. Y.. 
 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N.Y., Pa. 
 
 Boston, N.Y., Pa. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 
 Boston, N. Y., 
 Pasi. ; 
 
 Boston, N. Y., 
 Pash lews : 
 
 INGLY =" 
 
 N.Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston 3 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 
 New York . 
 New York. 
 New York . 
 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 
 Are Sales af- 
 fected by the 
 Importation 
 of Foreign- 
 made Goods? 
 
 No. 
 Indirectly. 
 No. 
 No. 
 Yes. 
 
 Cotton, yes; 
 Wool, no. 
 
 Hy yess 4s. 
 and d., no. 
 
 Yes. 
 At times. 
 
 ao fF WN 
 
 24 
 25 
 
26 
 
 TasLe Il.— Markets, Transportation, Competition. 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 SETTS. 
 
 MASSACHU- 
 
 GoopDs MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Cotton. 
 Cottonades x 
 
 Cotton cloth 
 Cotton cloth 
 Cotton cloth 
 Cotton cloth 
 Cotton cloth 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton gouds 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton prints 
 
 Cotton and worsted goods 
 Duck and yarn. 
 
 Flannels  . 
 
 Ginghams . 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 . Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths ‘ - 
 Sheetings, shirtings, ete. . 
 Sheetings, silesias, and cottons 
 
 Towels and duck 
 
 Wool. 
 Woollen cloths. ‘ 
 
 Woollen cloths . : : 4 > 
 Worsted yarn 
 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 Woollen and worsted goods, and cotton yarns, 
 
 Where are Products Sold Prin- 
 
 cipally? 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 No ¥ 5 Cityrs 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 N. Y. City, Boston, 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 
 Pa., Md. . 
 
 N. Y. City, Boston, Pa., Mass. . 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 N. Y. City, Boston, 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 N. Y., Boston 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 Boston, N. Y. 
 
 City 
 City 
 
 City, 
 
 City 
 
 TH. 
 
 City, Pa.- = - 
 
 Pa. 
 
 City, Ree 
 
 N. E., N. Y. City, Pa. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 N. Y. City, Pa., R. 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 N.Y. City . : 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 
 L 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City, Pa. . 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 Boston, N. Y. City 
 
 Boston, N. Y. City, Pa., Md. . 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 27 
 TasLe Il. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. Massacuu- 
 SETTS. © 
 eee ee es Where is the Princi- ae a 
 eee ee om Sen TEARS POL: eta ce ae pal Competition in PE SEIS. 
 tion to Principal Market. the Manufacture Selling the Goods? of Foreign- 
 of Goods? made Goods? 
 - New England Boston,N.Y.City No. 1 
 - R.I., Conn.,N.H. | Boston, R. I. A little. 2 
 Boston $1.40, N. Y. $2 50 | New England Boston,N.Y.City - io 
 2 50 | New England Boston, N.Y.City - 4 
 2 00 - - - 5 
 - | New England Boston,N.Y .City Yes 6 
 = - - - 7 
 - New England Boston,N.Y .City No 8 
 Boston $1.50, N. Y. . 2 00 | New England Boston,N.Y .City - 9 
 Boston $1.50, N. Y. . 2 60 | New England Boston,N.Y.City No. | 10 
 ~ Mass., Me.. N.Y.City, Mass. | More or less} 11 
 Boston $1.50, N. Y. . 2 00 | Mass. . Boston,N.Y.City - 12 
 ~ Rhode Island Boston, N.Y.City No. | 13 
 Boston $1.35, N. Y.. 2 00 - Boston,N.Y.City No. | 14 
 Boston $2.00, N. Y. . 3 50 | New England Boston,N.Y.City No. | 15 
 Boston 80c., N. Y. .2 00 | New England Boston,N.Y.City No. | 16 
 2 50 | N.E.,N.Y. City, 
 : Pas. “ . | In all markets Now) iy 
 - New England Boston,N.Y.City - 18 
 2 20 | New England Boston,N Y.City Nor 1a 
 - New England Boston, N.Y.City Nowe 20 
 3 60 | New England N. Y. City. ~ 21 
 - New England Boston, N.Y.City No. 22 
 - New England Boston,N Y.City No. | 23 
 - New England Boston,N.Y.City No 24 
 - New England Boston,N.Y .City No. | 25 
 - ING BiNe Ss Ne Figen Ys No. | 26 
 - - Boston, Pa. No; *} 27 
 - Rhode Island ~ No. | 28 
 - New England Now Mist Ewares No. | 29 
 - New England Boston,N.Y.City No. | 30 
 Including carting 6 00 | Me., Mass., R.1., 
 INF Xess % . | United States Yes. | dl 
 - New England Boston,N.Y.City No. | 32 
 B. 90c., N. Y. $2.50, 
 ot . ‘ . 3 50 | New England Boston,N.Y.City 
 Baus : ie - 33 
 - New England Boston,N.Y .City - 34 
 B. 80c., N. Y. City .1 00 | New England Boston,N.Y.City Yes. | 30 
 $1.50 to2 00 | N.E., N.Y.,N.J., 
 Penn., foreign, | In all markets . Yes. | 36 
 
28 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TasieE II. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. Ryiope 
 ISLAND. 
 
 | Where are Products Sold Prin- 
 
 Goops MANUFACTURED. ; j 
 eipally? 
 
 Cotton. 
 Cotton goods . A : ; : , - | New York. , ; ‘ ° 
 Cotton goods . : ; : : : . | New York. 
 Cotton goods. F : ; . : . | Providence, R. I. 
 Cotton goods. . < d é : at CIN) Xn City. 
 Cotton goods . . , : : - . | N.Y. City . 
 Yarns h A : : ; ‘ iw) PhilayiPa. 
 Yarns : ‘ . : : : ; .| U.S., Canada . 
 Yarns : 4 * 2 : 2 ; Pod in Ute 4 
 Yarns and spool thread . ; ‘ : .| N.E., “Middle Sinn West 
 Yarns, spool thread, and knitting cotton .| N. Y,, Phila, Pais ° ’ 
 
 OONA AHR WH HS 
 
 _ 
 i) 
 
 Cotton and Cotton Waste. 
 
 11| Wadding, batting, and wiping waste é . | Boston, N. Y., Pa. Bee . Md., 
 O, Iil., Canada. . 
 
 12| Cassimeres : . 3 . 4 ‘ of Ne, eg as OSLOI ox 2 5 ¢ 
 13 | Woollen yarns . : : : : 5 NY 
 
 14| Worsted yarns . - ; ‘ " «aN palin 
 15| Worsted yarns and inratad ; A s «| ees 
 16| Worsted goods . . : : : ; Nee 23 
 
 Horse Hair and Cotton Warp. 
 17| Hair cloth . 4 3 : : : ; . | United States . ° 
 
 Wood and Rags. 
 18| News paper : ‘ 5 ; 4 ; . | New York : : 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Cotton. 
 1] Cotton goods, fine . 2 : : : . | New York City 
 2) Duck . ; : ‘. . ; : : ., New York : ‘ 
 3| Duck . A ‘ : : 3 ‘ , . | Boston, N. Y. 
 4/ Duck. S : : . : : 4 . | Boston ; 5 
 5| Duck, and sail twine 5 4 . 5 . | New York > 
 6| Ginghams and dress goods. - : . | New York City ; 
 7| Ginghams and dress goods. ; : - | Boston, N. Y. City . 
 8| Hosiery yarn . A : ‘ 5 : - | New York, Pa.. 
 9| Mosquito netting, etc., cotton . : . | New York ct 
 10! Print goods 5 . . : A - ott Deedes : : 
 11| Print goods ‘ 2 : ; : 4 .| N.Y. City. . 
 12| Print goods : = 3 ; . ‘ ee - 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 29 
 Taste Il. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. Ruopr 
 ISLAND. 
 Pe ie ee Where is the Prinei- pebics si 
 eee nomics Transport Se ee pal Competition in pon an 
 tion to Principal Market. the Manufacture Selling the Goods? | of Foreign- 
 of Goods? made Goods? 
 $2 75 | New England Nise Wagar eet Yes 1 
 2 75 | New England New England es. 5 ie i2 
 1 00 | Fall River, Mass. | N. Y., N. EB. No. 3 
 300 | N.E.. NiVYS Yes + 
 300|N.E INSUY sis . Yes 5 
 5 00 | N. E N.Y.,Boston, Pa. No. 6 
 = = = = 7 
 - N. E. N.Y , Boston No. 8 
 N. Y. $2 40, Phila. 375) N.E., Pa N.Y.,Pa.,Md., Ill. Yes 9 
 to Na Y. 2 00 | N. E. N. Y., Phila., Pa. No. | 10 
 § 00 | O., Del., Conn., 
 Mass. - No. | ll 
 N. Y. $3 00, Boston 1 50 | N. E NGA SE. Yes | 12 
 2 00 | N. E. IN Yar eS ares 
 - N. E., Pa - Yes. | 14 
 - WN. H., Pa 2, Was. No. | 15 
 - N.E ING SXasr's Yes. | 16 
 - Eng., Germany, | - Yes. | 17 
 1 60 | New England Boston, N. Y. Not now. | 18 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 g4 40 | Mass.,R.I.,Conn | N. Y. City, R. I. = 1 
 = Mass., Me., Md. ; New York. No. 2 
 4 20 | Md., Mass.. Nankie No. 3 
 6 00 | Md., Conn. Boston, N. Y. - 4 
 3 80 | Md. ly Gp ae - Hy) 
 3 20 - INS Yece. No. 6 
 4 80 | Mass.,Me.,Conn. | Boston, N. Y. Yes 7 
 - - - - 8 
 9 60.) NsyY.N.J.,Conn. (ON: Yo. Yes a 
 1 50 | Mass., R. I. Teal. , No. | 10 
 3 00 | Mass., R. I. Tithe : : - 11 
 ~ Fall River, Mass. | Providence, R. I. No. | 12 
 
30 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Tasie II.— Markets, Transportation, Competition. Connrcti- 
 
 cut — Continued. 
 
 GOODS MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Where are Products Sold Prin- 
 cipally? 
 
 13) Print cloth ‘ Providence, R. I. 
 14} Print cloth ie. Ei: 
 15] Print cloth N.Y. City . 
 16 | Prints, sheetings, etc. N. Y., Pa, Boston 
 17 | Patent hard-laid twine = = 
 18 | Seine twine - : : N. Y., Ill., Boston 
 19 | Seine twine and welting cord . - - 
 20 | Seine twine, cotton : Usual markets . * - 
 21| Seine twine, and netting, cotton Netting, N. Y.; twine, Conn. 
 22.| Sheetings . N. YoCity 
 23 | Sheetings . Ni Wecily: 
 24 | Sheetings Novi, a., aida. 
 25 | Sheetings N. Y. City . 
 26 | Sheetings, ete. - - 
 27 | Sheetings, light . N. Y. City, Pa., Boston . s 
 28 | Sheetings and print goods Newy o Ciby,: ibe 4: : 
 29| Sheetings and drills . N.Y. City”... 
 30 | Shirtings, cheviot, and blue and brown 
 
 denims : : . Phila., Pa. 
 31 | Shirtings, fine, white vestings, etc. . . New York . 
 382|/ Spool cotton .  . - + «| N.Y. City, Boston, Pa. 
 33} Ticking, blue drills ee shirting stripes, 
 
 cotton 3 . ‘ . | N. Y. City, West Indies, S. A.. 
 34| Various kinds of cotton sores N.Y. City . : 
 35 Various kinds of fine cotton goods . ~ - 
 36 | Warp, cotton . ; United States. : ‘ ; 
 37 | Warp cotton a = 
 38 | Warp, cotton : Conn. 
 39 | Warp and yarns, cotton . Conn. ae . 2 
 40 | Yarn (for carpets) NY. bala Pa. 
 41] Yarns, cotton Paci he 
 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 
 42 Cassimeres, beavers and cloakings . N. Y., Boston 
 43} Cassimeres, fancy N.Y. Citys ; mee ° ‘ 
 44! Doeskins and union cassimeres IN Niet erste 
 45| Flannels N. Y. City, Boston 
 46 | Knit goods. - - 
 47 | Repellants (woollen) NU City ©. 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste II. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. 
 
 cut — Continued. 
 
 CONNECTI- 
 
 dl 
 
 Cost per Ton for Transporta- 
 tion to Principal Market. 
 
 $4 00 
 3 00 
 .2 00 
 
 To print works . 
 
 ~ $4.00 to 
 
 To N.Y. 
 
 4 00 
 
 35 c. for a 42-ft. case . 
 
 Where is the Princi- 
 pal Competition in 
 
 Where is the Princi- 
 
 Are Sales af- 
 fected by the 
 
 29 
 
 GON ee arent, BF pal Competition in Importation 
 Selling the Goods? | Of Foreign- 
 Goods? madeGoods? 
 Mass., R. I. Reine. No. | 13 
 Mass. . R. 1. Nowe abd 
 Mass., R I. N. Y. City . No. | 15 
 ~ NAYoGiy sn No. | 16 
 = = = 17 
 Boston, Md. N. ¥ = 18 
 - = - 19 
 ~ - - 20 
 Boston, Md. Boston, N. Y. No.) 21 
 Where such 
 mills are. Ne-Y. City: < - 99 
 R. I. Navy, City). No: Gi 23 
 Mass., N. H. ~ eg. | 24 
 Mass ,and where 
 they are made, | N. Y.. No. | 25 
 = - - 26 
 Great Britain - Yes. | 27 
 P.G.,Mass.,R.1.; 
 mealiihe U.S. R. tor... , - 28 
 In all manuf’g 
 districts . INGLY ace No. 
 Pinia., Pa. . Phila.; Pa... No. | 380 
 New England New York . Yes. | 31 
 There is none - - 32 
 New England Nev CIye- No. | 33 
 Mass, . N. Y..City . Very little. | 34 
 - = - 35 
 All cotton warp 
 mills é : - - 36 
 = ~ ~ 37 
 Everywhere - - 38 
 ~ - 39 
 - - - 40 
 Every yarn mill | Providence, R. I. - 41 
 Same kinds of 
 mills eet uN aN ae Yes. | 42 
 New England N. Y. City . Yes. | 43 
 Mass. . i ee Yes. | 44 
 There is none Neyo City. No. | 45 
 All knitting j 
 mills ; - Yes. | 46 
 Pittsfield, Mass. | N. Y. City. ‘ No. | 47 
 
32 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TaBLE Il. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. CONNECTI- 
 cut — Continued. 
 
 Where are Products Sold Prin- 
 Goops MANUFACTURED. 
 
 cipally? 
 48 | Satinets (black) IN Ee 
 49 | Socks (woollen) N. Y., Boston 
 50 | Waterproofing and tweeds N.Y. City... : : - : 
 51} Woollen goods, cotton warp Nuk. City, * : ‘ é : 
 
 Wool. 
 
 52 | Beavers, doeskins, etc. Noes Clty. “ = 5 A 
 53 | Cassimeres, medium . N.2X- Citys, 3 - : 
 54| Cassimeres, French . Kee Y., Boston. ah tou . 
 55 | Cassimeres, fancy, miltons and kerseys . Nowe City ; 
 56 | Cassimeres, fancy Neo : : 
 57 | Cassimeres, fancy Nice ees . d 
 58 | Cassimeres, fancy N.Y. City . 
 
 N. Vat . ° ° e * 
 60 | Cassimeres, fancy Naa te City ‘ ; : : ° 
 61 | Cassimeres, fancy N. Y. City . 
 62 | Cassimeres, fancy N.Y. City . 
 63 | Cassimeres, fancy N.Y.City . : ; ; - 
 64 | Cassimeres, fancy Ni YsCitya : : , 5 
 65 | Cassimeres, fancy NAGY Cit yen, 
 
 66 | Knit underwear and zephyrs 
 67 | Worsteds and fancy cassimeres 
 
 68| Worsted goods for men’s wear, ven nice 
 coatings . : : : 4 
 
 69| Worsted goods, fine, aa men’s wear, ee 
 wool goods . . : : 
 
 N. y. City . : 5 , ; 
 
 N.Y. Gity > 
 
 hb 
 
 Nuys; City. : : : . 
 
 Wool, Cotton, and Shoddy. 
 70 | Beavers (woollens) 
 
 ; N. Y., Boston 
 71 | Cassimeres, fancy, and shoddy 
 
 NAY «he ; : , . : 
 
 Wool and Shoddy. 
 
 72 | Cassimeres, satinets . N.Y. 
 73 | Satinets Nei: 
 74 | Satinets INGE 
 
 Silk. 
 75| Machine twist and sewing silk 
 
 boston, hie V5 ee On 2S 
 Cal. : ‘ 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 76 | Corsets and corset-steel works 
 77| Print 7 EU. te nea A ee and umbrella covers 
 
 59| Cassimeres, fancy . : : ‘ : 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 33 
 
 Tasie II.— Markets, Transportation, Competition. CoNNECTI- 
 
 cut — Continued. 
 SSS SS STE 
 
 Pao ee ant Where is the Princi- | ees he me 
 Cost'per Ton for Transporta-  elgtampaiin yeptaeet |W 9 Competition in aes 
 tion to Principal Market. the Manufacture of Selling the Goods? | of Foreign- 
 Goods? 5 madeGoods? 
 $4 50 | R.I., Mass. N.Y =.City ; P No. | 48 
 2:90") NIH. Nexis : 3 No. | 49 
 2 86 - N. Y. City. ; - 50 
 = There is none .| N. Y. City. : No. | 51 
 2 00 - - Yes. | 52 
 6 60 | New England N. Y. City . : ~ 53 
 he t..0 6. cubic ft., 
 Boston, perton . 3 60 United States By igs Gog - ‘ Yes. | 54 
 5 40 | United States N. Y. City. : - 55 
 3 60 | Conn. . IN ZEN dee . 2 Yes. | 56 
 ~ Utica, N. Y. Ney? ‘ : Yes. | 57 
 5 00 | Where they make 
 same goods IN oa Miers ‘ aS Yes. | 58 
 3 00 | Foreign trade Nek ot: ; : Yes. | 59 
 To Norwich . - 1 00 | Where there are 
 similar mills . | N. Y. City. , Yes. | 60 
 5 00 | N.Y., R.I., and 
 foreign oy IN. Y¥. City. : Yes. | 61 
 5 40 | Where there are 
 similar mills .; N. Y.. : Yes. | 62 
 5 60 | Monson, Mass. . | N. Y. City. : Yes. | 63 
 2 60 - NaN < - é Yes. | 64 
 6 00 | New England NEY. City. : Yes. | 65 
 - - N. Y., Boston . - 66 
 - N.Y.,R.I., Mass.| N.Y. . : : Yes. | 67 
 5 20 | Providence, R.I. | N. Y. City. Yes. | 68 
 5 60 | Foreign N. Y. City. : Yes. | 69 
 2 00 | Me., Mass., Vt.. | N. Y Very little. | 70 
 4 60 | Mostly Berks. 
 Co., Masa, = «| Ney. Yes. | 71 
 To Hartford, Conn. . 2 40 ~ NeYaued css) aS No. | 72 
 3 60 | Mostly Conn. .| N.Y. City. Some. 73 
 3 20 | New England N.Y No. | 74 
 - Mass., Conn. . - - 75 
 - - - - 76 
 os - - 77 
 
34 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste II. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. _CoNNECTI- 
 
 cut — Concluded. 
 eT 
 
 Where are Products Sold Prin- 
 
 Goops MANUFACTURED. sf 
 cipally? 
 
 78| Webbings, narrow . ; A F d - - 
 79| Webbings, tapes, bands, Ans ete. : - - 
 80| Webbings, elastic and non-elastic . ; . | N. Y., Boston, Pa., Ill. 
 
 New YoOrK. 
 
 Cotton. 
 Cotton goods . : : : : : . | New. York . 
 
 Heavy fine shirtings and broad sheetings .| New York . : : ° : 
 Knit underwear 
 Knit underwear 
 Knit underwear 
 Print cloths ° 
 
 a o fF WH 
 
 7| Print cloths 
 
 8| Print cloths 
 
 9| Print cloths 
 10| Print cloths 
 11| Print cloths 
 12| Print cloths ; - . ; 
 13} Print cloths and cheese bandages 
 14/ Sheetings and denims 
 
 id Kod SH 
 Q 
 Si 
 
 15| Sheetings 
 16 | Sheetings 
 17| Sheetings . 
 
 iehes ae 
 o > 
 Gg ¢€ 
 
 18| Sheetings, light . ., Chicago, Ill. . ‘ 2 
 
 19| Sheetings, light. 
 
 Sa gn TA ee 
 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 20| Knit shirts and drawers . ‘ “ ; Bin 
 
 a 
 
 Cotton, Wool Stock, and Shoddy. 
 21| Knit goods ; , : : s c oN YS 2 ‘ - 
 
 Cotton and Shoddy. 
 
 22| Knit underwear og aes 1 oe ot alles el od ca = . 
 Wool. 
 
 23 | Beavers and fancy cassimeres . Nites , 
 
 24 | Carpets mM. Y. 5 
 
 25 | Carpets es 
 
 26 | Cassimeres N 
 27 | Cassimeres x 4 : “ ; RING 
 28 | Cassimeres N 
 
 ciao 
 
 a eee neetnsnsn eases NEERSDERS ERNESTINE? 
 a ————————————————————————— 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 35 
 
 Taste Il. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. Connecrt- 
 cut — Concluded. 
 
 —_—_—_——— eee 
 
 Cost per Ton for Transporta-: 
 tion to Principal Market. 
 
 Where is the Prin- 
 cipal Competition 
 in the Manufacture 
 of Goods? 
 
 Mass., Conn. 
 
 Foreign and do- 
 mestic 
 
 To New Hamburg 
 
 °T5 NN: ¥. 
 
 $4 50 to 5 00 
 
 Are Sales af- 
 Where is the Princi- 
 
 fected by the 
 pal Competition in Importation 
 Selling the Goods? | Of Foreign- 
 made Goods? 
 
 Nighi. : : = 
 
 In all markets 
 
 New York. 
 
 N.Y., Mass., Me. 
 Cohoes, N. Y. 
 ft see 
 
 R. I., Fall River, 
 Mass. . ; 
 
 R. I., Mass. 
 R. 1, Mass. 
 R. I., Mass. 
 
 R. 1., Mass. 
 R. I., Mass. 
 Where there are 
 similar mills . 
 N. Y., Mass., 
 Mass. . ; 
 N. Y.,  Mass., 
 Conn. : 
 N.Y., Wis., Mass. 
 ica iN: Y. 
 
 Cohoes, N. Y. 
 
 Cohoes, N. Y. 
 
 Cohoes, N. Y. 
 
 Pa., Mass. : 
 
 New England 
 There is none 
 
 INV Ge ‘ No. 
 N.Y., Phila, Pa., No. 
 Nee Yas No. 
 IN@s Yen No. 
 Providence, R. I. No. 
 Jes dU No. 
 pial, ‘ No. 
 Sau ca le No. 
 Rew No. 
 INGEN No. 
 Replat No. 
 INGE: re No. 
 N. Y., Pa. No. 
 NON No. 
 INE et No. 
 Ny a No. 
 INBEY coe No. 
 IN SANG No. 
 N. Y No. 
 INS Yeere Yes. 
 Neo Ge « Very little. 
 IN Ss Yours No. 
 IN. Yue e Yes 
 ING aes Yes 
 Newer: Yes 
 
 ne 
 
 78 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
36 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste Il. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. New York 
 
 — Concluded. 
 Gospemunesionsnkn, Where are Products Sold Princi- 
 pally? 
 29 | Cassimeres IND Yi. 
 30 | Cassimeres Novews i 
 3l | Cassimeres A No. 
 32 | Cassimeres and flannels Nak: 3 
 33 | Flannels and cassimeres . : : : 3 - 
 34| Flannels N. Y. City . 5 
 35 | Shawls . } Nicaka 
 36 | Shawls and cashmere cloths N.Y. 
 37 | Woollen cassimeres . z N.Y, (OF Pa; 
 38 | Woollen goods and carpetings. N. Y. City 
 39 | Woollen goods . N.Y. < ° ‘ 
 40 | Worsted coatings N.Y 5 4 “ 
 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 41| Fancy cassimeres . . P 5 5 eh Nea : ‘ : 
 42 | Knit underwear é ; 3 A ‘ LT WINGS x, 5 ¥ F 
 43 | Knit underwear ; : : - : . | By our N. ¥o agent . ; : 
 
 Wool, Cotton, and Shoddy. 
 44| Fancy cassimeres, overcoatings, cloakings .| N.Y. . 
 45| Woollen yarn . ; ° ‘ : ; ‘ - - 
 
 Wool, Cotton, and Linen. 
 46 | Body Brussels carpets. 4 : of] Nake kolby 7 : : 
 
 Wool, Flax, Jute Yarn. 
 47| Carpets. : = 4 : : : sf aN. Xe, City .. : : : a 
 
 Wool, Cotton, Jute, and Linen Thread. 
 48 | Carpets, tapestry, Axminster, and moquette .| N.Y. . “ ; H Puy” 
 49 | Ingrain and tapestry carpets . : : el Need aos ‘ : : * : 
 Wool, Hair, Mohair, and Cotton Warp. 
 50| Woollen lap-robes_ . : : : : LON ged at ; : “ : : 
 Shoddy, Wool, and Cattle Hair. 
 51/| Kerseys, and ladies’ cloakings 3 . ar IN eee : : . : : 
 
 Shoddy, Wool, Hair, and Cotton Warp. 
 52 | Blankets (bed and horse) n . : oh] aN hatte z : 5 : : 
 53 | Blankets (Southern markets) . . . sil pINGe aoe R = . . . 
 
 Flax and Hemp. 
 
 54| Twines, yarns, shoe thread, etc. (linen) . Pa et eae : 4 5 5 5 
 * Silk. 
 
 55| Silk woven goods . “ : : : a fae “ : : . . 
 
 56 | Not given . . ‘ > : : : : - - 
 
 nn a -erec_lwU“,\}, OOO 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. a7 
 
 Taste Il. — Markets, Transportation, Competition. New York 
 — Concluded. 
 
 aaa SSS 
 
 pynereries ee ee Where is the Princi- Pe ae 
 Gest per Ton for Transporta- aval eget a pal Competition in neacciccah 
 tion to Principal Market. in the Manufacture Selling the Goods? of Foreign- 
 of Goods? "| madeGoods? 
 eS one Pe ei ee ae ee 
 $2 60 | N.Y.,Conn. .|N.Y.. : . |. Some. 29 
 5 60 - - Yes. | 30 
 OA yao dL. > ; ih (cy eae : : Yes. | 31 
 - ~ ~ - 32 
 - - - - 33 
 200 | Mass.. aicN: Nace . ; No. | 34 
 7 00.) N.-¥., Mass. .| N.Y. - : ‘ No. | 35 
 In Summer $1 75, W. 6 00 | N.Y., R. I. Noes ; : Yes. | 36 
 = - - - 37 
 5 00 | Where there are 
 similar mills .| N.Y.. 5 No. | 38 
 - Nay s3 INetisce No. | 39 
 - Conn., Pa., 
 Mass.,R.I. .| N.Y... Yes. | 40 
 2 00 | Conn., Mass. NY. No. | 41 
 400} N.Y.. N. ¥< : p No. | 42 
 6 00 | N.Y... N. Y. City. . | Very little. | 43 
 200|N.J.. ; Pee OX we : ; No. | 44 
 pa 2a = - 45 
 5 00 | N. Y. City, Pa., 
 Mass. . Se CINGE YG ss : é A little. | 46 
 - Mass., foreign, | N. Y. City. : Yes. | 47 
 1 20 | Foreign, domes- 
 tic: : My ears eee : : Yes. | 48 
 - Ne ans 5 Be ‘ : Yes. | 49 
 200| Me,Pa . . | Boston, Pa. ° Yes. | 50 
 2 00 - - Very little. | 51 
 1 50| Pa., N. H., Me..| N.Y..- 4 . No. | 52 
 2. OO | Ney... “Pas. sla so ete ‘ : No. | 63 
 2001! Boston, N.Y., 
 N. J. : SING: Yace Yes. | 54 
 - N. J., Conn. By INs) Mtoue ‘ : Yes. | 55 
 - - - - 56 
 
38 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TasLe III. — Manvracrurers. Employes, Wages, and Hours of 
 Labor. Marne. 
 
 ee 
 
 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYES | AVERAGE Pay OF 
 IN EACH 100. PER 
 GOODS MANUFACTURED. met Male |Female 
 Men. |: | Chil- | Chil- | wen. | women. 
 en. dren. | dren. 
 ee 
 Cotton. 
 
 1 | Cotton cloth . ‘ : ‘ eas 60 5 5 | $8 50 | $6 00 
 2 | Cotton cloth . ; ; : -| 33 55 7 5 7 50 | 6 00 
 3 | Cotton cloth . ; ao vats -| 384 51 11 4 700; 5 00 
 4 | Cotton cloth . i ‘ ; -| 84 51 11 4 7 00} 5 00 
 
 5 | Cotton cloth . ‘ : - ae Beers!) 42 11 18 - - 
 6 | Cotton cloth and bags. : mn ee 56 8 4 7 50 | 5 00 
 7 | Cotton goods . : : j - | 30 55 9 6 700] 5 50 
 8 | Cotton goods . : , Pert reels Blt 14) 50 6 4 7.00 | 5 00 
 9 | Cotton goods, colored. " as Bais | 64 2 3 7 50 | 5 50 
 10 | Print cloths, silesia and cambrics . 65 25 7 3 8 00 | 6 00 
 11 | Sailand overall duck : at 30 50 15 5 7 50} 7 00 
 12 | Sheetings . ; ; : ‘ - |. 40 50 7 3 7 25 | 7 00 
 13 | Sheetings . 4 ‘ : : a ess 55 7 5 7 25| 7 00 
 14 | Sheetings . : ; . ; ot Gey 56 8 4 7 50 | 7 00 
 15 | Sheetings . . F é 4 -| 33 55 ‘i 5 8 00 | 7 00 
 16 | Sheetings, etc. . é 4 é iy of 51 11 4 700; 5 00 
 17 | Sheetings and shirtings . :  } o2 56 8 4 7 25 | 7 00 
 18 | Warps and grain bags. ‘ 1 40 50 5 5 750} 5 40 
 19 | Warps and grain bags. é « | #36 54 6 4 7 50 | 5 00 
 
 Wool. 
 20 | Flannels . ; : : e Pam fe, 50 - ~ 8 00 | 6 50 
 21 | Woollen cloths . ; ; : > 1 oBO 30 5 5 900} 8 00 
 22 | Woollen goods . ai Posi) sas et 40 - - | 1050} 8 00 
 23 | Woollen goods . ; eR at dO 30 = - | 10 00-| 6 00 
 24 | Woollen goods . ‘ : ; of dd 30 - ~ 7 00 | 6 00 
 25 | Woollen goods . ; : : - 1 45 30 15 10 7 50} 5 00 
 26|,Woollen goods...  .) , fo, 67 33 - = 8 70 | 7 20 
 27 | Woollen goods . : Z ; 1 0 20 20 10 900| 7 50 
 28 | Woollen goods . 5 ; : i) 82 56 8 4 900; 7 00 
 29 | Woollen goods . : : ; a pets!) 20 20 10 900 | 7 50 
 30 | Woollen goods . : : 4 el oe 69 : - - 900} 7 00 
 Rags, Wood, ete. 
 
 31 | Book and news paper. ‘ - | 450 50 - - | 1050) G6 
 oe are re ee ee 
 
 New Hampsnire. 
 
 ie Cn erences ee 
 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton goods . : : : pe eet: 60 rf - | $7 50 | $5 40 
 2 | Cotton goods . ; ‘ 2 af 30 45 12 13 7 50 | 5 50 
 3 | Cotton goods . : : : ewok 44 13 12 7 50 | 5 50 
 4 | Cotton goods . : : ; Pe es | 55 9 5 7 50 | 5 30 
 5 | Print cloths ‘ ; : : cont ay 40 12 8 7 00 | 5 50 
 6 | Yarns and fine sheetings . eked ee 34 17 16 7 50 | 5 40 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 7 | Cotton and worsted goods : 1-136 60 7 3 7 50 | 5 40 
 8 | Flannels, mixed twilled . : ; = - - - 6 00 | 4 80 
 9 | Flannels, union blue mixed : Py ee * | 36 10 6 7 50 | 5 00: 
 10 | Hosiery , ; : 2 : wt 3388 47 10 5 8 00 | 6 00: 
 11 | Hosiery . : : ; ‘ cap go0) 50 12 8 8 00 | 6 00 
 12 | Hosiery. ; : ; ; Be OM 72 8 5 8 00 | 600 
 13 | Hosiery . ; F 5 . 2 20 60 2 8 | 750] 6 00 
 14 | Hosiery, shirts and drawers . Shee, 48 11 9 | 800] 600 
 
TaBLE III. — MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 © CONIS? OU Cobh 
 
 39 
 
 Employés, Wages, and Hours of 
 
 Oar Whe 
 
 Labor. MAINE. 
 pe SSS 
 KACH CLASS PAY OF seirares PAY OF WEAVERS day ro HOURS OF 
 
 PIECE WEAVERS 
 WEEK. PER WEEK. PER WEEK. PER WEEK. LABOR. 
 Male | Female > Sate i 
 Chil- Chil- |Highest.| Lowest.| Highest. | Lowest. Highest. Lowest. aa ur- Fak 
 dren. dren. Days} day. Wk. 
 $3 00 | $2 50 | $7 50 | $3 00 - - $7 68 | $5 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 2 25 225) lk 00 9 00 - ~ 8 00 5 50 |} 11.) 11 | 66 
 3 00 2 00 | 11 00 8 00 | $6 00 | $3 00 8 00 3 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 38 00 2 00 | 11 00 8 00 6 00 3 00 8 00 3 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 - = 6 00 2 70 - = 7 15 4°42 HP poll > 66 
 2 75 275) } Lt 00 9 00 4 00 4 00 1a39 5. 32.) L12)Pli p66 
 - - 11 00 9 35 8 50 4 50 - - 11 | 11 | 66 
 2 75 275110 50| 9 00 - - 8 00 § 40 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 4 75 38 50 | 10 50 9 00 6 00 4 50 10 00 5 00 | 103) 10%) 644 
 3 00 3 00 | 12 00 | 10 00 - ~ 10 00 5 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 3 50 3 00 | 12 00 | 10 00 = - 10 00 5 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 3 00 3 00 | 10 50 9 50 8 00 5 00 8 00 5 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 250} 2 60| 11 00 9 00 8 00 5 60 8 00 5 50 | 11 | 11] 66 
 2a20 2 25 | 11 00 9 00 8 00 5 75 8 00 6 75 Al tl) ) 66 
 2 25 295 * 11750 110 00 - _ 8 00 5 50 | 11} 11 | 66 
 3 00 2 00 | 11 00 9 00 6 00 3 00 8 00 4 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 oer 2 kk OO 9 00 8 00 5 75 8 00 5 Tb LL eLE 366 
 3 00 | 3 00 6 00 | 4 20 - - 9 00 6 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 3 00 290} 6 00 4 20 ~ 9 00 6 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 - - 9 00 7 00 - - 8 00 6 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 3 00 3 00 | 10 50 7 00 12 00 7 50 12 00 7 50. tlie bhiabeb6 
 - - 10 50 7 00 12 00 7 50 12 00 7 5O (ebb bia-66 
 = = 900 | 7 50 7 50 4 00 - - Whey L166 
 - - 8 00} 5 00 9 00 } 00 - - 11 | 11 | 66 
 3 50 3 50 | 10 00} 6 00 - - 10 00 5 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 - - 12 00 9 00 9 75 7 50 - - La}; L1eh66 
 5 40 4 50 | 10 50 8 50 8 00 7 00 8 00 700 | 11] 11 | 66 
 425; 425) 9 00 8 00 10 00 6 00 10 00 6 00 | 11; 11 | 66 
 5 40 4 50 | 10 50 8 50 8 00 7 00 8 00 7 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 - - 12 00 7 25 - - 7 00 - 11 | 11 | 66 
 — - - - - = _ - 12+), back F2 
 Ee 9 Se Le eee ee ee sey eee TTT iT 
 New HAMPSHIRE. 
 $2 40 | - ($1000 | $8 00 | $7 50} $4 00 - Os ey 643 
 3 00 | $3 00 | 10 00 | 8 00 * 7 $8 00 | $5 00 | 11 | 98) 645 
 3 00 3 00 | 10 00 8 00 - ~ 8 00 5 00 | 11 94] 644 
 3 30 3 80 | 12 00 9 00 8 00 4 25 | = - 10% it 644 
 50 50 | 11 00 9 00 8 50 4 25 - - 114) 114] 68 
 3 00 3 00 6 50 6 50 - - 8 00 5 00 | 114) 114) 69 
 2940| 240|1000| 800} 750) 4 00 oe - | 103} 103) 644 
 = - 8 10 7 50 6 00 4A 80 6 00 4 80 | 1] | 11 | 66 
 400| 3 50 9 00 5 00 - - 5 50 4°00 | 11 | 11 | 66 
 3 25 3 25 9 50 6 00 - - - ~ 11 |; 11 | 66 
 000 3 50 9 00 6 00 - - - ~ 11 | 11 | 66 
 400 | 4 00 9 75 6 00 — ~ _ - TIS LT G66 
 3 00 3 00 | 10 00 6 00 = - - - LL Lis 6s 
 3 90 3 50 9 00 6 00 - - - - Tite Lie. 6S 
 
40 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste LIl.— Employés, Wages, and Hours of Labor. New 
 
 Hampsuire — Concluded. 
 
 Oo 
 
 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYES | AVERAGE PAY OF 
 IN EACH 100. PER 
 
 GOODS MANUFACTURED. Mato’ lweaunte 
 Men ere. Chil- | Chil- | Men. | Women. 
 
 en dren. | dren. 
 
 Wool. 
 15 | Flannels and woollen co . -| 40 40 10 10 | $9 00 | $6 00 
 16 | Flannels, woollen . : eke £6 45 i) 5 8 00 5 50 
 17 | Flannels . : ‘ F é oy OF 43 - - 9 29 5 50 
 18 | Flannels . - 3 4 co ae | 43 - ~ 9 30 5 50 
 19 | Shirts and drawers 3 > : oe ey 48 - - 7 75 5 00 
 20 | Woollens . : ; ; , e665 35 - - 7 75 5 00 
 21 | Woollen goods . ; ‘ : | 47 47 a 2 9 50 8 00 
 22 | Woollen goods . 2 ; A ate Ow 50 - ~ 9 00 7 00 
 23 | Woollen goods . ; : . -| 65 33 1 1 8 00 6 00 
 Shoddy and Cotton Waste. 
 
 24 | Blankets . 4 -| 50 50 - - 7 00 6 00 
 25 | Horse blankets and satinets ; & 150 50 - - 7 00 6 00 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cottonades ; ; ; -| 35 45 10 10 | $8 00 | $5 50 
 2 | Cotton cloth . : : , -| 46 30 14 10 | 10 49 6 92 
 3 | Cotton cloth . : ; ; «hbo 70 10 5 6 00 5 00 
 4 | Cotton cloth . : : s ect BO 60 Bt roa 7 92 5 25 
 5 | Cottoncloth . ©. ‘ : - | 385 65 - - 9 00 6 00 
 6 | Cotton cloth . : . : at 46 44 5 6 - ees 3 
 7 | Cotton goods . : ; I Ph Oe 63 6 7 7 92 4 98 
 8 | Cotton goods . ; ; ’ -| 386 44 12 8 7 00 5 00 
 9 | Cotton goods . : ; : - | 45 45 5 Hy) 7 00 4 50 
 10 | Cotton goods . ; A’ as aes 57 5 5 7 60 5 00 
 1l | Cotton goods . ; ‘ i -| 40 60 60 40 9 41 5 84 
 12 | Cotton goods . : ; : oh 2 aL - - 7 50 4 86 
 13 | Cotton goods . : : ; - | 86 44 | 10 10 9 50 6 00 
 14 | Cotton goods . A ; ‘ Se) 38 25 24 7 50 6 00 
 15 | Cotton goods Pr hoe 50 11 14 7 50 4 50 
 16 | Cotton goods and hosiery : eee BG 40 16 18 7 75 6 00 
 17 | Prints ; ‘ Bape Aes 55 12 8 900; 5 00 
 18 | Cotton and worsted goods ‘ -| 43 47 5 5 8 00 6 00 
 19 | Cotton duck and yarn . : ae ee: 10 30 35 | 11 00 7 00 
 20 | Cotton flannel . ‘ 3 , Paves) 45 10 10 7 50 5 50 
 21 | Ginghams . : : : : - | 10 70 8 12 ~ - 
 22 | Print cloths 4 A 6 : ao 45 10 10 | 10 00 7 50 
 23 | Print cloths : : : ; Bee ai] 45 10 10 - - 
 24 | Print cloths  . : ; 4 A a 48 12 5 7 00 5 0 
 25 | Printcloths . : » F fe so 50 12 5 8 00 5 00 
 26 | Print cloths é : : é Pi os 41 13 14 - - 
 27 | Print cloths ; : ‘ : » | 36 44 12 8 | 10 25 6 50 
 28 | Print cloths : : , ‘ «| 84 49 15 2 - - 
 29 | Print cloths A j bape ares 45 10 10 = - 
 30 | Sheetings, shirtings, ‘ete. ; : - - - - - - 
 31 | Sheetings, silesias, and fancy cottons, 15 75 6 4 8 00 7 00 
 32 | Towels and cotton duck . -| 380 60 5 5 9 00 6 00) 
 Wool. 
 33 | Woollen cloths . : : ‘ -| 58 42 - - 8 00 6 00 
 34 | Woollen cloths. ; : F -| 40 60 - - - ~ 
 35 | Worsted yarn . ; ; 7 oi 00 15 - 75 | 10 00 6 25 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 36 | Woollen and womiey sate and —. 
 cotton yarns . 50 45 3 2 738 | 6 24 
 
Taste III.— Employés, Wages, and Hours of Labor. 
 
 UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 Hampsyire — Concluded. 
 
 NEw 
 
 Al 
 
 SS SSS 
 
 EACH CLass 
 
 PAY OF SPINNERS| PAY OF WEAVERS 
 
 PAY OF 
 PIECE WEAVERS 
 
 WEEK. PER WEEK. PER WEEK. PER WEEK. 
 Male | Female 
 Chil- | Chil- |pHighest.| Lowest. Highest. | Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest. 
 dren. dren. 
 $3 50 | $3 50 |$10 00 | $7 50 | $7 00] $5 00 = = 
 400] 400) 900 7 00 7 00 4 50 - ~ 
 - ~ 11 41 8 00 ~ - $6 50 | $4 50 
 ~ - 11 00 8 00 6 50 4 50 - = 
 - ~ 8 50 6 75 6 00 4 50 - ~ 
 - - 8 50 | 6 75 - - 6 00 4 50 
 450| 4 50] 11 00 7 50 10 00 7 50 10 00 7 50 
 - - 10 00 5 00 11 00 5 80 - ~ 
 3 00 3 00 | 10 00 7 00 11 00 7 50 11 00 7 50 
 ~ ~ 9 00 6 50 8 00 4 50 - - 
 - ~ 9 00 6 50 8 00 4 50 = ~ 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 $2 50 | $2 50 |$10 00 | $4 86 - - |$10 00] $3 50 
 3 25 4 16 | 11 41 | 11 08 | $10 18 | $7 62 23 10 - 
 2°50.) 2 50 8 50 | 38 50 8 50 4 20 ~ _ 
 2 50 250 | 600] 3 50 8 00 4 00 - ~ 
 450} 400] 900 3 00 10 00 4 50 - - 
 - = 11 42 - 10 62 2 70 ~ - 
 228; 228/1101/)] 960 - - 9 70 3 50 
 3 50 38 00} 1000! 5 00 7 50 4 50 - - 
 4 00 3 00 | 10 00 5 00 7 00 4 00 ~ - 
 3 00 3 00 9 00 8 00 6 00 4 50 - ~ 
 3 83 3 02 9 50 Tf Bay 1On7 5 81 - - 
 ~ - 11 70 | 10 08, 8 00 4 00 - - 
 3 50 3 50 | 12 00 8 00 11 00 7 50 = ~ 
 3 00 2 75 - _ - - - - 
 3 00 3 00 | 1000} 9 00 7 20 4 50 - - 
 3 50 3 50 9 00 6 60 ~ = 9 00 3 60 
 2 50 2 50 9 60 8 40 9 00 4 50 9 00 4 50 
 3 00 2 40 | 12 00 5 40 11 00 7 00 - - 
 4 00 4 50 4 20 3 65 10 00 4 00 _ - 
 2 50 2 50 - - 9 00 3 50 9 00 3 50 
 - - 10 00 7 50 10 00 6 00 - - 
 2 67 a i) | 13°86 | 10:25 10 08 5 04 - - 
 - - 11 50 | 9 00 - - 10 08 5 00 
 2 50 2 50 9 U0 7 00 7 00 4 00 - ~ 
 2 50 2 50 | 10 00 7 00 8 00 4 00 - - 
 3 67 4 00 | 13 25 | 10 00 - ~ 11 08 7 62 
 - - 10 62 Oe 0) - - 9 52 6 20 
 - - 11 86 ; 10 48 8 00 5 50 - - 
 - - 9 30 7 20 7 50 5 30 ~ 
 3 00 3 00 900; 4 50 8 25 6 00 9 50 7 00 
 3 50 3 50 6 00 3 50 7 00 4 00 - - 
 - - 10 00 6 00 11 00 5 00 ~ - 
 - ~ - - 7 00 4 00 - - 
 ~ 400] 500] 3 00 - ~ - = 
 432 | 456]1100] 6 94 - ~ - 7 68 
 
 HOURS OF 
 LABOR. 
 
 Sat- 
 ur- 
 day Wk. 
 
 OONAOFPWNWe 
 
 36 
 
49 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Tasie III. —Employés, Wages, and Hours of Labor. RHopE 
 ISLAND. 
 
 te 
 
 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYES | AVERAGE PAY OF 
 
 IN EACH 100. PER 
 Goops MANUFACTURED. ae Male iwomete 
 Men. Chil- | Chil- | Men. | Women. 
 a dren. | dren. 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton goods . : ates .| 24 60 10 6 | $9 00 | $6 72 
 2 | Cotton goods . : 7 : | 24 60 10 6 9 00 6 72 
 38 | Cotton goods. . : : Py oe 4 47 9 12 7 50 6 50 
 4 | Cotton goods . ; f ; el 20 61 9 5 | 10 00 7. 00 
 5 | Cotton goods . : ; : tt 25 61 9 5 | 10 00 7.00 
 6 | Yarns ; : : , ; oa 30 10 30 8 00 5 75 
 7 | Yarns : ‘ ; 5 ; | 34 48 9 9 | 10 00 6 00 
 8 | Yarns : : d ; : a AU 80 - 10 9 00 6 00 
 9 | Spool thread, yarns, etc. . : a4 53 8 ai 9 00 6 00 
 10 | Spool thread, yarns, and knitting 
 cotton . : : : : mats a 50 10 20 ~ - 
 11 | Wadding, batting, and wiping waste, | 90 5 5 - 9 00 6 00 
 Wool. 
 12 | Cassimeres : ; 3 : =. 60 40 ~ - | 10-50 7 00 
 13 | Woollen goods . ° ; : : - - 11 00 | 10 00 
 14 | Yarns : : : ‘ : id ia 85 - _- | 12 00 5 00 
 15 | Worsted yarns and braids : eT eke 85 - ~ 9 00 6 00 
 16 | Worsted goods . . 3 . ib ipae 56 8 4 - - 
 Horse Hair. 
 17 | Hair cloth. ; 40 60 - - | ll 58 9 00 
 Wood and Rags. 
 18 | News paper 3 : 50 50 - - | 10 50 5 50 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Fine cotton goods . : 3 : - - - - - - 
 2 eCottom duck Fr ee te Sie a 50 11 18 | $7 20 | $5 70 
 3 | Cottonduck .. ; 4 : - ~ - - ~ - ~ 
 4 | Duck. : : ; - 100 - ~ - 7 50 = 
 5 | Cotton duck and sailtwine  . .| 48 47 7 3 7 50 5 00 
 6 | Ginghams and dress goods. | 44 34 14 8 8 50 6.00 
 7 | Ginghams and dress goods. .| 44 40 14 2 9 50 7 00 
 8 | Hosiery yarn . : : 5 a2} 6 22 15 - | 10 08 6 00 
 9 | Cottons, mosquito nettings, etc. .| 33 33 22 12 9 00 6 50 
 10 | Print goods : : : ‘ - | 50 25 13 12 6 00 5 50 
 11 | Print goods : : : : . | 380 55 5 10 7 00 5 00 
 12 | Print goods : : : : FL BD 25 5 10 7 50 6 36 
 13 | Print cloths ‘ ‘ : : .| 45 38 . 9 8 7 32 6 00 
 14 | Print cloths . : : ‘ , - - - - 7 02 5 50 
 15 | Print cloths 4 4 5 : | oo 33 17 Nae 7 50 6 00 
 16 | Prints, sheetings, etc. 5 . ce er 8 60 t 3 8 00 5 50 
 17 | Patent hard-laid twine . é uty 2G 42 16 16 7 00 4 50 
 18 | Seine twine : : - E 2 | 4 25 17 17 6 00 4 00 
 19 | Seine twine and welting cord . ei) 22 72 6 ~ 6 00 4 50 
 20 | Cotton seine twine . : ‘ | 38 44 9 7 7 62 4 50 
 21 | Cotton seine twine and netting «fod 45 15 5 8 60 5 00 
 22 | Sheetings . : : : ? SE - - - - 7 20 4 75 
 23 | Sheetings . : : : < .| 34 40 15 iat 7 00 5 00 
 24 | Sheetings . : . : : 24, 20 25 25 25 7 50 6 00 
 25 | Sheetings . ; : : : aD ee 3s 42 5 ~ 7 00 6 00 
 26 | Sheetings . : ; : : .| 33 28 25 14 6 30 5 00 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 43 
 TasLe IIl.— Employes, Wages, and Hours of Labor. Ruope 
 ISLAND. 
 KACH CLASS Pay OF SPINNERS} PAY OF WEAVERS PaY OF Hours oF 
 WEEK. PER WEEK PER WEEK IEE VES EES L 
 : PER WEEK. ABR 
 Male | Female Fi Sat- P 
 Chil- »| GChil= |y; ios ‘iva #YS beter oe 
 rie “ina Highest. | Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest. Days i Wk. 
 $4 00 | $3 00 | $8 50 $6 00 $9 00 $6 00 - - 1L | 11,) 66 1 
 4 00 3 00 8 50 6 00 9 00 6 00 ~ - 104| 104] 63 2 
 3 00 3 00 | 10 00 8 00 - ~ $9 25 $4 62 | 11 | 11 | 66 3 
 3 50 38 00 | 10 30 8 00 9 00 4 50 - - LES 66 4 
 8 50 38 00 | 10 30 8 00 9 00 4 60 - - Uh Lhe 66 5 
 3 00 3 00 9 50 8 50 ~ - - ~ 11 | 11 | 66 6 
 3 60 38 60 | 10 00 9 60 - - ~ - Shiai eOG 7 
 ~ 2150 5 60 4 00 = - = - LT Slee GG 8 
 3 50 38 00 | 12 00 | 12 00 - - - ~ LS 66 9 
 - - 8 00 8 00 - - ~ - LILI G6r it 10 
 5 00 ~ - - - - 104) 105) 63 | 11 
 - - 7,00 3 50 9 00 5 00 = - TILIA GG 12 
 - - 11 00 7 00 13 00 7, 00 13 00 C00) elles LEGG) pls 
 - ~ - - - - ~ ~ - — | 66 | 14 
 - - 5 60 5 60 7 00* 6 00* - - Il Te GGe eel 
 ~ - - ~ - - - - EE VIS e66 se lG 
 = - - ~ 10 00 8 00 10 00 8200 PL eT ia ooe kA 
 Z x z A; 4 7 = = AeTQs12eh otis 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 es - = - - - - - - - ~_ 1 
 $3 30 | $3 30 - - - - $9 00 $4 50} 11 5 | 60 2 
 ~ - - - - - 6 00 4 00 | 114) 93%) 66 3 
 va be = - 5 40 - - - ie 9 | 69 4 
 4 00 4 00 - = 6 00 ~ - - 12 9) 69 5 
 3 60 3 60 | $9 12 | $6 75 - ~ 10 80 4 68 | 114) 83) 66 6 
 4 08 304 | 12°00 9 00 - - 8 82 6 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 a 
 4 00 - 11 00 9 00 _ _ ~ - Ws 9 | 69 8 
 3 00 2 75 | 12 00 | 10 00 - - 14 00 7 00 | 114) 83) 65 9 
 3 00 3 00 | 11 50 8 00 - - 10 00 4 50 | 114} 84) 66 | 10 
 3 00 3 00 8 00 6 00 ~ - 7 00 ASOOM LZ O69 WW LY 
 2 30 2 50 7 92 7 50 - - 8 00 4 00 | 12 9 | 69 | 12 
 38 25 2 85 7 20 - - = 6 55 fy DAsy |i, alee 9 | 69 | 13 
 2 50 2 50 6 60 - ~ = 9 00 4°00 | 12 9 | 69 | 14 
 3 00 3 50 8 00 7 50 - - 12 00 4 00 | 114} 84) 66 | 15 
 4 DAF 3 00 9 00 8 00 - - 6 50 p40 12 9 | 69 | 16 
 3 00 38 00 _ - - - = - 12 9/691) 17 
 3 00 3 50 _ - - - _ - Wy 9} 69 | 18 
 a D0 ~ - - - - - ~ 12 9} 69 | 19 
 4 00 4 00 = - - _ - - Y 9 | 69 | 20 
 4 14 4 13 5 00 4 25 - ~ 6 50 5 00 | 12 9 | 69 | 21 
 2 50 2 50 8 04 7 56 - - 9 24 By (Ga || 1 9 | 69 | 22 
 2 50 2 00 9 00 4 50 - - 7 00 AS O0ul Ll i 66% 25 
 3 00 3 00 9 00 6 00 - - 9 00 £°50R el els) lets OOm ees 
 2) - 8 00 6 50 - = 7 00 HOON LZ 9 | 69 | 25 
 Peel ay 2 50 9 37 7 75 - - 9 00 4 00 | 12 9 | 69 | 26 
 
 * Braiders. 
 
44 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Tape III. — Employés, Wages, and Howrs of Labor. CoNnNxcTi- 
 cut — Continued. 
 
 a 
 
 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYES | AVERAGE PAY OF 
 IN EACH 100. PER . 
 
 GoopDs MANUFACTURED, 
 Aoi Male Female 
 Men. Chil- ; Chil- | Men. | Women. 
 a dren. | dren. 
 27 | Light sheetings . : : Peder 34 17 13 | $8 10} $5 10 
 28 | Sheetings and print goods : | 43 36 11 10 8 52 5 40 
 29 Sheetings and drills . : 31 24 23 22 7 50 5 50 
 30 | Cheviot shirtings, and blue and 
 brown denims : sa 29 54 11 6 9 00 5 33 
 31 | Fine shirtings, white vestings, ‘ete. . | 29 21 33 17 6 75 5 75 
 32 | Spool cotton. 40 50 6 4 9 00 7 00 
 33 | Cotton tickings, blue drills, and. 
 shirting stripes . 28 56 6 10 9 00 5 00 
 34 | Various kinds of cotton cloths . | 40 34 15 11 7 25 5 75 
 35 | Various kinds of fine cotton goods .| 40 37 18 10 7 00 6 00 
 36 | Cotton warps . $ F . ie) 44 3 3 | 10 50 5 00 
 37 | Cotton warps . : : : 5 Oey ye 49 22 2 6 78 5 20 
 38 | Cotton warps . ‘ x Prana 25 12 13 | -9 00 4 80 
 39 | Cotton warps and yarns ; : -| 3d 27 20 20 6 00 4 50 
 40 | Yarns : ; ; . : Ra) eet) 50 25 5 7 50 4 50 
 41 | Cotton yarns. ; : : ol oad 24 26 23 7 00 5 00 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 42 | Cassimeres, beavers, and Sacre -| 70 16 12 2 8 10 6 00 
 43 | Fancy cassimeres . oa 0 27 3 - 7 50 6 90 
 44 | Doeskins and union cassimeres .| 54 36 8 2 8 75 5 75 
 45 | Flannels_ . : j A ‘ it AL 38 cf) 6 50 7 50 
 46 | Knit goods ‘ é : ; . | 80 64 - ~ 9 00 4 80 
 47 | Repellants < ‘ : : .| 46 54 - ~ 8 10 9 00 
 48 | Black satinets . : ; : «1,00 40 10 - 8 10 6 90 
 49 | Woollen socks . ‘ : .| 40 20 20 10 | 10 20 5 50 
 50 | Waterproofing and tweeds : .| 40 34 15 11 7 00 6 00 
 51 | Cotton warp woollen goods. yor: 4) 9 3 7 25 5 00 
 Wool. 
 52 | Beavers, doeskins, etc. . : 14 40 43 4 4 9 25 6 00 
 53 | Medium cassimeres . ; A My pe 39 2 - | 10 50 8 75 
 54 |-French cussimeres  . ; ; . | 30 20 30 20 8 50 7 50 
 55 | Fancy cassimeres, miltons, and 
 kerseys . ‘ ; , : + 67 23 7 3 8 76 5 40 
 5G | Fancy cassimeres’ . : ‘ -| 70 10 10 10 8 50 6 50 
 57 | Fancy cassimeres’ . . Be er 21 1 1 7 93 5 40 
 58 | Fancy cassimeres . . 7 ‘ - ~ - - = = 
 59 | Fancy cassimeres . : ‘ a1 OG 17 2 8 | 11 3l 5 55 
 60 | Fancy cassimeres . . ; a1. OO 20 16 14 9 00 6 00 
 61 | Fancy cassimeres . Z 2 Ams a 23 3 1 | 10 20 6 66 
 62 | Fancy cassimeres . : ‘ pal Ob 21 7 A) 9 00 5 50 
 63 | Fancy cassimeres. : 2 ~| 45 48 7 - 9 00 7 50 
 64 | Fancy cassimeres . : x pp Rei) 37 8 5 8 50 6 30 
 65 | Fancy cassimeres . . 40 40 10 10 | 10 00 8 00 
 66 | Knit underwear and nephyt 
 worsteds ; 30 44 10 16 9 00 6 65 
 67 | Worsteds and fancy cassimeres ee baer | 17 6 5 | 10 50 7 00 
 68 | Worsted coatings for men’s wear .| 72 20 6 2 8 10 6 00 
 69 | Fine worsted goods for men’s 
 clothing . : . . : .| 64 22 12 2 9 60 6 42 
 Wool, Cotton, and Shoddy. 
 70 Weotion beavers ‘ .| 56 35 6 3 9 00 6 00 
 71 | Fancy cassimeres and shoddy . a ee 40 3 2 | 10 00 6 00 
 
 a 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 45 
 
 Taste II. — Employés, Wages, and Hours of Labor. ConnectI- 
 
 cut — Continued. 
 
 SS ee 
 
 PAY OF 
 
 EACH CLASS PAY OF SPINNERS | PAY OF WEAVERS HOURS OF 
 PIECE WEAVERS 
 WEEK. PER WEEK. PER WEEK, PER WEEK. LABOR. 
 Male | Female Five Sat- ny 
 Chil- Chil- |Highest. .| Hig ; st. i : d US 
 aa a hest.| Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest Days na Wk. 
 $3 00 | $4 00 | $9 50 | $8 00 = - $8 00 | $4 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 | 27 
 3 00 a o0 \:11 24) 9 14 - - 7 58 5 77 | 118! 9 | 664) 28 
 3 00 3 00 8 00 | 6 00 - _ 6 50 4 00 | 114} 84) 66 | 29 
 450! 3 75 - - - - L217 750°) 12 1 *9-) 69) | 30 
 425] 325! 9 80 8 10 | $6 50 | $5 00 7 80 OP OUR Lael eG on ne L 
 5 00} 400] 14 00] 6 00 - - - - 103} 634] 60 | 32 
 400! 350] 1000] 7 50 eS “ 800} 3 00] 114! 84] 66 | 33 
 2210 ee 00 |28 36-). 7:42 = - 8 50 Be Oa WL 2. Palas 179. (ESA. 
 2 26 2 26 8 24 7 50 - - 9 00 4 00 | 113) 84) 66 | 35 
 S00) 1365260 |. = = 2 a ~ — | 114] 84] 66 | 36 
 3 22; 300] 600] 300 = = - - 12 9769! 1°37 
 5 10 4 50 6 00 - = - _ 15 | 15 | 90 | 388 
 400} 3 00 - = = - - 114} 84) 66 | 39 
 400} 4 50 _ ~ - - — 12; 91.69 | 40 
 250/ 300/] 800] 7 00 - - - - 12 9 | 69 | 41 
 3 90 2 50 | 12 00 8 10 - ~ 9 60 4 00} ll 94| 644} 42 
 = - 12 00 7 50 = - 9 75 _ TZ TL ey) 43 
 360) 425] 900! 900 = - 10 00 6 00 | 11 95} 644] 44 
 362} 3 44/11 75| 4 25 _ = 9 25 7 75 | 114) 98) 66 | 45 
 - - - - - - 6 00* - TE TI 6646 
 = - 10 50 | 8 75 - - 16 37 4 00 | 114) 10 | 674) 47 
 4 20 - 10 80 | 10 20 - - 7 80 CeOOR SLAs 266 
 3 75 3 60 | 13 80 | 12 00 -_ - 7 50 450 | 11 | 11 | 66 | 49 
 360|} 400] 675] 600 = 900{ 600/114) 93! 66 | 50 
 400} 300] 8 25 5 00 = = 8 25 5 00 | 114) 93) 66 | 51 
 400 | 4 00 - - _ - 9 00 5 00 | 10 | 10 | 60 | 52 
 - - 12 00 972 - - 10 00 8 00 | 11 | 10 | 65 | 53 
 450} 400}; 950] 7 00 - - 10 00 6°50 )11 | 11 | 66 | 54 
 470) 390};1000] 8 50 = oa 10 20 5 00 | 11 93| 64%) 55 
 Bea Pd. 50.1) 7 62.1, = = = 910} 700/114) 84] 66 | 56 
 a G0; 3:60} 9851 7 50 ~ - 9 00 6 00 | 114] 93] 66 | 57 
 - = - = Ff - - - - 12 9 | 69 | 58 
 450 | 450; 900! 600 = - 9 00 7 50 | 114) 83} 66 | 59 
 400} 400) 13 00} 7 50 - - 11 00 4 50 |-114; 9 | 654) 60 
 4 25 3 80 AUD GE ress - - 12 00 6 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 | 61 
 414; 414] 1062] 6 00 - = 10 38 4 80 11 | 11 | 66 | 62 
 610) — 9 00.) on ~ 12 00| 7 50 | 12 104] 704] 63 
 4 80 4 20 - - - - 9 60 6 00 | 114) 823] 643) 64 
 400; 4 00 900; 9 00 - - 12 00 4 00 | 12 | 10 | 70 | 65 
 327} 365] 12 50; 900 - 10 80*| 6 25*| 103} 74} 583] 66 
 3 60 3 60 | 10 50 4 20 - - 11 40 6 HO YT LT 166, 67 
 BRO 4. OU ol 2 17) 6389 10 00 6 00 | 12 | 104} 704! 68 
 425; 380| 960); 900 - - 10 20 7 50 | 11} 11 | 66 | 69 
 300; 2 50/10 26) 8 46 - - 10 80 7 20 | 114) 84} 66 | 70 
 300} 3 00/1300) 9 00 = - 11 33 8 00 | 114} 91} 66} 71 
 
 * Knitters, 
 
46 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste III. — Employés, Wages, and Hours of Labor. Con- 
 nEctTICcUT — Concluded. 
 
 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYES | AVERAGE PAY OF 
 
 IN EACH 100. PER 
 Goops MANUFACTURED. - ae 
 Wain. Male |Female 
 Men. Chil- | Chil- | Men. | Women. 
 is dren. | dren. 
 Wool and Shoddy. 
 72 | Cassimeres and satinets . ; 4 $60 30 5 5 | $8 40 | $6 90 
 73 | Satinets . ; ; ; ; a fet 33 15 2 7 50 | 6 00 
 74 | Satinets . ; : ; : -| 66 30 4 - 900}; 6 90 
 Silk. 
 75 | Machine twist and sewing silk - 8 75 4 13 900; 5 50 
 Miscellaneous. , . 
 76 | Corsets and corset-steel works th) 29 80 - - | 15 00{| 6 00 
 77 | Print goods and umbrella covers .| 40 30 20 10 708 | 4 86 
 78 | Various narrow webbings : 34 66 = - | 1150] 7 00 
 79 | Webbings, tapes, bands, and sus- 
 penders . pee 62 3 16 9 00 | 5 50 
 
 80 | Webbings, elastic and non- elastic « | 120 4] Wg 17 | 1000; 6 00 
 
 New YORK. 
 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton goods. 23 44 11 22 | $8 16 | $6 30 
 2) Fine shirtings and broad sheetings . 19 os ae) 15 8 25 | 5 16 
 3 | Knit underwear : R p .| 40 60 - ~ 6 50 | 4 00 
 4 | Knit underwear - F 7 - | 185 43 10 12 8 00} 6 00 
 5 | Knit underwear > ‘ ‘ ote $O4 56 5 5 6 00 | 6 00 
 6 | Print cloths ‘ : ; ‘ ey az 57 14 3 713) 4 45 
 7 | Print cloths : : . ; .| 33 38 22 ‘f 5 60 | 4 00 
 8 | Print cloths ; : 4 : .| 4 43 10 6 676 | 5 18 
 9 | Print cloths ; 4 s ; sey 2n 35 18 26 690 | 4 22 
 10 | Print cloths : , : pat hae 41°) 16 12 673 | 6 03 
 11 | Print cloths ; ‘ ‘ d - | 20 47 18 15 975 | 6500 
 12 | Print cloths .| 380 46 15 9 7 01 | 4 95 
 13 | Print cloths and cheese bandages .| 14d 46 11 2 4 87 | 4 22 
 14 | Sheetings and denims. ‘ .| 34 44 15 if 7 00 | 4 80 
 15 | Sheetings . é : ; i .| 36 36 22 6 710}; 4.50 
 16 | Sheetings . : : 5 : ok taba 50 10 7 700 |p:4371 
 17 | Sheetings . : ‘ : ae es et oe) 10 16 7 44 | 6 21 
 18 | Light sheetings . : ; ; | 45 44 9 2 618] 3 90 
 19 |-Light sheetings.. %...» |. .1}4318 57 17 8 8 24 | 5 66 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 20 | Knit shirts and drawers . : Peet 58 12 2 7 50 | 6 00 
 Cotton, Wool Stock, and Set te 
 21 | Knit goods : 32 56 6 6 7 50; 6 00 
 Cotton and ms 
 22 | Knit underwear ; : -| 382 48 8 12 6 90 | 6 00 
 Wool. 
 23 | Beavers and fancy cassimeres . | 54 36 6 4 8 58 | 5 56 
 24 | Carpets . ; ‘ : : A eet 30 25 25 7 50} 4 75 
 25 | Carpets . ‘ H , é ; - - - - 900] 5 50 
 26 | Fancy cassimeres . : oO iMice ty, pes 23 12 3 8 28 | 6 42 
 27 | Fancy cassimeres . , ‘ . | 383 47 15 5 9 00} 6 00 
 28 | Fancy cassimeres  ., ; : .| 48 45 7 - 7 50 | 6 00 
 
Taste IT. — Employés, Wages, and Hours of Labor. 
 
 UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 NECTICUT — Concluded. 
 SN 
 
 47 
 
 Con- 
 
 EACH CLASS PAY OF SPINNERS] PAY OF WEAVERS Pay OF Hours or 
 WEEK PER WEEK PER WEEK te lg ba LABOR 
 ope ced = PER WEEK. ee 
 Male | Female Five | 52t PEs 
 es cl Highest. | Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest. ao a a) 
 $3 30 | $3 30 | $8 00] . - 2 = $7 50 | $5 50 | 114] 84] 66 | 72 
 d 20 4 50 | 10 50 |$10 50 ~ - 7 450 4 50 | 114) 84) 66 | 73 
 4 70 - 12 90 | 12 00 - - 9 30 6 00 ; 114} 84! 66 | 74 
 480; 300] 8 40/ 600 = - - = 103! 74] 60 | 75 
 - - 26 00*, 6 00 | $12 OOF $4 50 - = 10 | 10 | 60 | 76 
 2 70 2 70 - - - 8 50 4 00 | 12 Fe Oo! 77 
 - - 15 00 4 00 - - 9 23 4 56 | 11 | 11 | 66 | 78 
 S001) 8-001! = _ - s 1°70en HEONTH =) Sl a 79 
 350} 250; 600; 400 - - 9 00 5 00 | 11 | 11 | 66 | 80 
 New York. 
 $3 42 | $3 30 |$11 62) $8 25 2 = $9 98 | $5 00] 11 | 8a! 634) 1 
 PA Lee 2 60 | 10 08 9 68 - - 6 57 4 91 |11.10/10.10} 66 2 
 = - & 75 4 00 = - 3 50f; 3 50 | 114) 93) 66 3 
 3 50 | 3 00 | 12 00 8 50 - - - = 114) 84) 66 4 
 300} 3 00 8 22 5 00 - - 6 OOF; 400 114) 9] 664) 5 
 280| 325] 960] 5 64 . - 696 | 373] 114} 93] 66 | 6 
 PA telt lly 4 50 3 25 - - 5 25 2 66 | 123) 923) 72 if 
 2 30 2 93 900} 6 00 = = 7 44 3 38 | 113) 84) 66 8 
 DAR 2 60 6 20 5 00 - _ 6 70 4 50 | 113 84 66 9 
 2 50 Dh aft 4 68 3 56 - - 6 65 3 60 113 84 66 | 10 
 ESS 2 50 | 10 00 5 10 - - 6 75 00-1} 11-117} 66) 11 
 290] 3 36 - - = - 6 78 4 38 | 114) 94] 66 | 12 
 2 95 400} 4 80 8 00 - - 5 78 4 25 | 128) 10 | 724] 18 
 2 53 2 72 8 02 7 03 - - 7. 23 4 31 | 114] 93] 66 | 14 
 2 89 onl 8 00 - - _ 7 10 4 02 | 114) 84) 66 | 15 
 2 26 3 10 7 50 4 15 - - 5 40 4 26 | 113} 94) 66 | 16 
 262 y ay a 3 36 202 - - 6 84 5 70 | 114; 94! 66 | 17 
 239 | 3 48 4 11 3 30 - - 6 16 2 51 | 124) 10 | 724] 18 
 2 65 2 624; 8 60 8 10 - - 6 96 4 65 | 114) 84) 66 | 19 
 375 | 375} 900]! 7 00 = = 6 OOt] 5 25t]/ 11 | 94) 644) 20 
 4 00 3 86 9 50 iW - - 4 25 4 25 | 114; 93] 66 | 21 
 450} 4 50 | 10 00 900} $5 00 | $5 00 - - 11 Go G45. 22, 
 243] 312 - = = = 11 52} 6 00] 114] 9%] 66 | 23 
 3 00] 300 7 00 6 00 - - 6 00 4 50 | 114) 9%] 66 | 24 
 3 42 3 00 6 00 5 00 = - 7 75 5 00 | 114] 94) 66 | 25 
 300| 275] 816] 690 as = 780] 600/114) 98! 66 | 26 
 3 60 | 3 50 5 50 - ~ ~ 10 50 6 00 |} 114) 84) 66 | 27 
 3 60 - 6 00 3 60 - 8 00 4 25 | 104] 8%) 60 | 28 
 * Work by piece on corsets. t Corsets. t Knitters, 
 
48 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Tabie III.— Employés, Wages, and Hours of Labor. NEw 
 York — Concluded. 
 
 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYES AVERAGE PAY 
 
 IN EACH 100. PER 
 GOODS MANUFACTURED. “|. Lt 
 Wom Male |Female 
 Men Chil- Chil- Men. Women. 
 en. | dren. | dren. 
 
 29 | Fancy cassimeres. . : .| 44 26 20 10 | $8 31 | $6 52 
 30 | Fancy cassimeres . ; : .| 43 37 10 10 7 25 6 00 
 31 | Fancy cassimeres . Pn en 32 ll 5 7 50 6 12 
 32 | Fancy cassimeres and flannels tee 38 - - 9 00 4 50 
 33 | Cassimeres and flannels . ‘ 5 - - - 6 00 4 50 
 34 | Flannels . : j : : Si as 36 6 5 8 00 6 00 
 35 | Shawls : S j 389 51 5 5 8 10 6 00 
 36 | Shawls and cashmere cloths , Pe fae 3 50 4 3 8 10 5 26 
 
 37 | Cassimeres ohieDO - 37 rf 7 50 - 
 38 | Woollen goods and carpetings . Ay ee 69 9) 3 8 25 6 50 
 
 39 | Woollen goods . > ; ; .| 36 36 17 11 - ~ 
 40 | Worsted coatings . : ; <p leo 43 8 14 | 10 08 5 61 
 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 
 41 | Fancy cassimeres . 5 : -| 34 40 21 5 6 83 4 80 
 42 | Knit underwear ; : A : 30 63 4 3 7 02 4 86 
 43 | Knit underwear : : : me18 57 17 8 8 25 4 20 
 
 Wool, Cotton, and Shoddy. 
 44 | Fancy cassimeres and Coaaee PSSA 24 22 rf 9 00 6 00 
 
 45 | Woollen yarns . 4 : -| 65 35 - - f fee 3 72 
 Wool, Cotton, and Linen. 
 46 | Body Brussels carpets . ; -| 59 12 24 5 | 10 10 5 20 
 Wool, Flax, alas Jute Yarns. | 
 47 | Carpets. : - Bes kag 66 4 3 | 12 00 7 50 
 
 Wool, Cotton, Jute, and Linen Thread. 
 48 | Carpets, tapestry, Axminster, and 
 
 moquette , ; 429 58 7 6 | 12 00 7 80 
 49 | Ingrain and tapestry car pets : : - aS = = & ae 
 Wool, Hair, Mohair, and Cotton War P- 
 50 Woollen lap- -robes  . : 50 34 16 = 8 90 5 00 
 
 Shoddy, Wool, and Cattle Hair. 
 51 | Kerseys and ladies’ cloakings . -| 40 46 9 5 8 00 5 00 
 
 Shoddy, Wool, Hair, and Cotton yacte 
 52 | Blankets (bed and horse) : 41 35 “| 17 ‘f 7 92 6 00 
 53 | Blankets (southern markets) . AY 29 20 14 7 75 6 00 
 
 Flax and Hemp. 
 54 | Twines, yarns, shoe thread (linen), | 43 30 13 14 6 60 5 70 
 
 Silk. 
 55 | Silk woven goods. ‘ ° -| 23 66 6 5 | 12 00 9 00 
 56 | Not given . : ; ° ‘ ; - - - ~ 8. 50 6 00 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 49 
 
 TasLe III]. — Employés, Wages, and Hours of Labor. Nrw 
 Yorx« — Concluded. 
 
 | 
 
 OF EACH Crass |PAY OF SPINNERS) PAY OF WEAVERS PAY OF Hours oF 
 PIECE WEAVERS 
 WEEK, PER WEEK. PER WEEK. Per, Werm LABOR 
 Male | Female Five Sat- Per 
 pes a Highest.| Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest. Days at Wk. 
 $3 50 | $3 60 | $5 10 | $2 64 = = $9 92 | $475 | -| —| 66 | 29 
 3 50; 3800! 700] 600 - = 8 00 4.50 | 113} 93] 66 | 30 
 294/265 | 8 25) 5 54 - = 9 18 6.00 | 114) 98! 66 | 31 
 - =i, - - = = 5 00 4 00 | 114) 93) 66 | 32 
 3 00 - 7 00 - - ~ 5 00 - -—| —| 66 | 83 
 300; 300] 7 50; 3 60 - - 9 00 5 00 | 114} 98) 66 | 34 
 270; 270} 3 60 - - - 9 60 5 00 | 11 | 10 | 65 | 35 
 300; 3 50/1098) 5 72 = - 9 29 4 75 | 104; 84! 60 | 36 
 3. 00 - 4 50 - = - 8 07 Se 760) LI He 66 137 
 450}; 4 50 - - = = 10 00 6 00 | 114] 92) 66 | 38 
 - ~ 12 66 | 300 - - 9 00 4 50 | 104) 84] 60 | 39 
 3 60; 3 00 _ - - ee 12 42 8 40 | 103) 84) 60 | 40 
 moe free) | 6 75) 8 25 - - 9 60 402 | 11) 94) 644! 41 
 so0 ti'are0 | 8 13 | 8:07 - - 5 25 5 25} 11] 93) 644] 42 
 aoa 12 25 | 67 00 - _ - ~ - ll 4:14 66.) 43 
 300] 3 00 ot TWICE 5 Jee - - 11 00 6 72 | 114] 93) 66 | 44 
 = = 12 00 | 9 00 = - - - 93] 66 | 45 
 3 50} 4 50 ~ - - - la 25 9 14 | 104; 73; 60 | 46 
 360| 300} 950, 700 2 e 950| 7 50 | 103! 78] 60 | 47 
 3901 450! 960, 6 95 - - 10 50 | 7 50 | 104 84) 60 | 48 
 = - 12 00) 8 00 * = 13 50 7 OO;4gk1 64 | 49 
 400! = | 10 00 | 10 00 ps : 6 60 4.50] 108%) 78] 613] 50 
 moo 250\7 -_| - - Z 750} 500/11] 8|63| 51 
 3.00} 300| 12 50) 9 24 850; 525|11] 8| 63 | 52 
 3 00} 2 50) 11 00 , 10 00 - 850, 400] 114, 64) €3 | 53 
 360} 300! 660] 5 40 oe = = = 114} 8 | 654) 54 
 6°00: "3: 60:1 (6°75 |. 4.00 - - 25 00 6 00 | 104) 8&4} 60 | 55 
 3 50 | 3 50 - - - 10 00 5 00 | 114) 74 633) 5G 
 
50 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste IV.—Manuracrorers. Product of Looms and Spindles. 
 
 MAINE. 
 Product of one hundred Looms per 
 Goops MANUFACTURED, Week. 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton cloth : d : 5 ‘ : ‘ 16,500 yards. 
 2 | Cotton cloth : ‘ ‘ ‘ : < ‘ 20,000 yards. 
 3 | Cotton cloth ; é 5 : ; : 18,000 yards. 
 4 | Cotton cloth . ‘ PF 3 : : ; 18,000 yards. 
 5 | Cotton cloth é . ‘ s s . 21,194 yards. 
 6 | Cotton cloth and ‘bags 4 . 4 ; . | 40 inches, 17,346 yards. 
 7 | Cotton goods. : ‘ : : : ; 17,000 yards. 
 8 | Cotton goods. . : ° ; : : 16,000 yards. 
 9 | Cotton goods, colored ; ; ‘ : 22, 500 yards. 
 10 | Print cloths and silesia cambrics . ; ee ee ,406 to ri 400 Mere 
 : ail clot 4) yds 
 11 | Sail and overall duck “ : F : , | Overall duck, 25,000 yds. 
 12 | Sheetings . ‘ : : Fi : ; . | No. 33 yarn, 15,600 yards. 
 13 | Sheetings . 5 : - 5 4 : ‘ 18,000 yards. 
 14 | Sheetings . : J ; 5 . ‘: - 20,000 to 24,000 yards. 
 15 | Sheetings 4 t 3 4 , ‘ : 15,000 yards. 
 16 Sheetings, ete. : ; ; : : af 18,000 yards. 
 17.| Sheetings and shirtings . . ‘ i . 21,000 yards. 
 18 | Warps and grain bags 5 4 : - ‘ 30,000 bags. 
 19 | Warps and grain bags : - : : : 30,000 bags. 
 Wool. 
 20 | Flannels . ° : : : = : i 52.000 yards. 
 21 | Woollen cloths . F ; ‘. . Pees 11,000 yards. 
 22 | Woollen goods . : é 5 ; i . | 6-4 goods, 11,000 yards. 
 23 | Woollen goods . : 5 é : : 11,000 yards. 
 24 | Woollen goods . ; : si ; ‘ . | 6-4 goods, 9,370 yards. 
 
 24 | Woollen goods . ° . . ‘ : ; - 
 26 | Woollen goods . : ; ; : : - | width, 15,090 to 18,000 yds. 
 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 
 27 | Woollen goods . : : ‘ : - 45,000 yards. 
 28 | Woollen goods . ‘ : 5 ; : . | Blankets, 4,200 pairs. 
 Wool, Cotton, and Sane . 
 29 | Woollen goods . ‘ F . - | § goods, 45,000 yards. 
 30 | Woollen goods . ‘ 5 : é : ; - - 
 Rags. } 
 31 | Book and news paper . : . ‘ ‘ ~ - 
 
 New HAmpsnire. 
 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton goods. : ‘ . ‘ : “ 13,000 to 14,000 yards. 
 2 | Cotton goods - J ¢ ‘ ; : 19,4500 yards. 
 3 | Cotton goods . . ‘ ‘ ‘ . ; 19,500 yards. 
 4 | Cotton goods é : r é : . ; 17,000 to 21,000 yards. 
 5-| Print cloths : , : - ; 27,900 yards. 
 6 | Yarns and fine sheetings ; : 5 ; : ‘ 18,000 yards. 
 Cotton and VWool. 
 7 | Cotton and worsted goods . a‘ . : . | Narrow goods, 30,000 yards. 
 8 | Flannels, mixed twilled  . : 5 : ; 54,000 yards. 
 9 | Flannels, union blue mixed. : - : 48,000 yards. 
 10 | Hosiery . ‘ ‘ : ; 5 : F - - 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 TABLE IV.— MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 ol 
 
 Product of Looms and Spindles. 
 
 MAINE. 
 Number of Looms at- Steam or Water | Product of one hundred Spinners oe sd 
 tended by each Weaver. Power. per Week. We tee 
 
 4 to 6 Steam 60,000 pounds 66 1 
 Mostly 5 Water. | No. 33 yarn, 180,000 pounds. 66 2 
 4 to6 Water - - 66 3 
 4to6 Water - ~ 66 4 
 6 Water 48,737 pounds. 66 5 
 4to86 Water - i 66 6 
 4to6 Water. | No. 39 yarn, 87,500 pounds. 66 7 
 4 to 5 Water 90,000 pounds. 66 8 
 2, 3, and 4 Both. = ~ 644 9 
 Average, 5 Water 110,000 pounds. 66 10 
 2 to 4 Water 50,000 pounds. 66 ll 
 4 to6 Both. | No. 38 yarn, 90,000 pounds. 66 12 
 4to6 Water 160,000 pounds. 66 13 
 5 to 6 Water. | No. 23 yarn, 200,000 pounds. 66 14 
 4 to 6 Water. | No. 33 yarn, 160,000 pounds. 66 15 
 4 to6 Water. ° ~ ~ 66 16 
 4 to6 Water. | No. 23 yarn, 200,000 pounds. 66 17 
 4 Water ~ = 66 | 18 
 + Water ~ - 66 19 
 2 Water - ~ 66 20 
 1 Water 40,000 pounds. 66 21 
 1 Water 40,000 pounds. 66 22 
 1 Water ~ - 66 23 
 1 Water - - 66 24 
 1 to2 Both. 20,000 to 60,000 pounds. 66 25 
 
 1 Both. - - 66 3 
 2 Water 50,000 pounds. 66 27 
 1 Water 80,000 pounds. 66 | 28 
 2 Water 50,000 pounds. 66 | 29 
 I Water 15,000 pounds. 66 | 30 
 - ~ - - 72 31 
 
 New HaAmpsHire. 
 
 4 to 5 Water.. - - at 1 
 6 Water. - ~ 64 2 
 Average, 6 Water. - - 644 | 3 
 4to6 Water. - = 643 4 
 4to8 Both. No. 37.30, 87,000 pounds. 68 5 
 4to6 Water. - - 69 i) 
 2to 4 Water. - - 643 ‘i 
 2 to 3 Water. 36,000 pounds. 66 : 
 2 Water. 42,000 pounds. 66 9 
 = Water. - - 66 10 
 
52 
 
 TasLe LV.— Product of Looms and Spindles. 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 sHIRE —- Concluded. 
 
 New Hanmp- 
 
 OANA WD = 
 
 10 
 
 Goovps MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Hosiery 
 
 Hosiery 
 
 Hosiery . 
 
 Bowery, shirts, and draw ers 
 
 Wool. 
 Flannels and woollen goods 
 Flannels, woollen 
 Flannels 
 Flannels 
 Shirts and drawers 
 Woollens 
 Woollen goods 
 Woollen goods . 
 Woollen goods . 
 
 Shoddy and Cotton Waste. 
 Blankets 
 Horse blankets and satinets ‘ 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Cotton. 
 Cottonades . 2 
 
 Cotton cloth 3 : ; ‘ ; : 
 
 Cotton cloth 
 Cotton cloth 
 Cotton cloth 
 Cotton cloth 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 
 Cotton goods 
 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods 
 Cotton goods and hosier y. 
 Cotton prints 
 
 Cotton and worsted goods. 
 
 Duck and yarn . 
 Flannels, cotton . 
 Ginghams 
 
 Print cloths = 
 Print Cloths < 
 Print cloths < 
 Print cloths 
 
 Print cloths 4 : , ¥ x : 3 
 Print cloths 3 é f : : : 3 
 Print cloths ; 
 
 Print cloths 
 Sheetings, shirtings, etc. 
 
 Sheetings, silesias, and fancy cottons 
 
 Towels and duck ‘ : : . 
 
 Product of one hundred Looms per 
 Week. 
 
 23 to 27 inches, 
 
 Fulled goods, 
 Fulled goods, 
 
 6-4 goods, 
 
 27.50 yarn, 
 
 Lt Fee | 
 
 52,200 yards. 
 45,000 yards. 
 41,595 yards. 
 41,500 yards. 
 15,000 yards. 
 15,000 yards. 
 37,250 yards. 
 30,000 yards. 
 15,000 yards. 
 
 24,000 yards. 
 24,000 yards. 
 
 18,900 yards. 
 24,887 yards. 
 17,850 yards. 
 23,800 yards. 
 20,250 yards. 
 
 19,500 yards. 
 
 From 19,800 to 27,000 yards. 
 
 174 yarn, 
 
 28 inches, 
 36 in. sheeting, 
 
 Cotton, 
 
 Worsted, 
 From § to §, 
 
 Duck, 
 
 20,745 yards. 
 24,000 yards. 
 
 20,000 yards. 
 19,000 yards. 
 17,000 yards. 
 23,000 yards. 
 32,800 yds. 
 
 18,000 yds. 
 
 47,120 yards. 
 19,000 yards. 
 17,300 yards. 
 23,756 yards. 
 26,245 yards. 
 
 92,500 yards. 
 3,500 pounds. 
 26,700 yards. 
 
 24,500 yards. 
 26,400 yards. 
 
 8,300 pounds. 
 30,000 yards. 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste IV. — Product of Looms and Spindles. 
 
 SHIRE — Concluded. 
 
 53 
 
 New Hanmpe- 
 
 Number of Looms at- 
 
 tended by each Weaver. 
 
 SW N HH wh hb 
 
 bo bo 
 
 Steam or Water 
 Power. 
 
 Product of one hundred Spinners 
 
 cette te 
 oooooosd 
 
 SSsqescsq 5 
 O2 S> CB CO CO GS GO [or] lop) CO Sd = OHO OH CO 
 
 Hep me Oe ee EN ODO 
 o 
 2) 
 
 at et et et ct et et 
 
 2, 3, and 4 
 
 Average, 3 
 Average, : 
 
 Average, 6 
 Average, 6 
 Average, 6 
 
 4 to 8; mostly 6 
 6 to 8 
 
 6 to 8 
 
 6 to 8 
 
 Average, 6 
 
 5 to 6 
 
 3 to 6 
 5 
 
 per Week. 
 Water. - - 
 Water. - ~ 
 Water. = - 
 Water. - - 
 Both. 76,000 pounds. 
 Water. About 21,000 pounds. 
 Water. - - 
 Water. - - 
 Water. - - 
 Water. - - 
 Water. - - 
 Water. 26,800 pounds. 
 Water. 40,600 pounds. 
 Water. | - ~ 
 Both. - _ 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 Both. - ~ 
 Steam. | No. 33 yarn, av. 100,009 Ibs. 
 Steam. | No. 39 yarn, 70,000 pounds. 
 Steam. | No. 39 yarn, 70,000 pounds. 
 Both. - - 
 Steam. | No 64 yarn, 31,840 pounds. 
 Both. - ~ 
 Steam. | - ~ 
 Steam. | 27.50 yarn, 120,000 pounds. 
 No. 5 to 36, 70,000 to 
 Both. 200,000 pounds; very 
 coarse, 400,000 pounds 
 Both. 77,100 pounds. 
 Both. 174 yarn, 140,000 pounds. 
 Steam. - - 
 Both. - ~ 
 Both. | 294 yarn, 25,000 pounds. 
 Both. 24 yarn, 200,000 
 Both. 115,000 pounds. 
 Both. ~ = 
 Steam. > > 
 Steam. ~ - 
 Both. - - 
 Steam. 120,000 pounds. 
 Steam. 110,000 pounds. 
 Both. - - 
 Both. ~ = 
 Steam. 113,000 pounds. 
 Steam. 100,000 pounds. 
 Steam. 100,000 pounds. 
 Steam. 110,000 pounds. 
 Both. No. 5 to 20 coarse, 250,000 Ibs. 
 ( Mule _ spinners,‘ 78,600 
 Steam. pounds; frame or ring 
 spinners, 72,222 pounds 
 Both. - ~ 
 
 Hours of 
 Labor per 
 Week. 
 
 CO CONDOR Oh 
 
D4: 
 
 Taste LV.— Product of Looms and Spindles. 
 
 Coneluded. 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 - MASSACHUSETTS —. 
 
 Goops MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Wool. 
 33 | Woollen cloths . : A : : . 
 34 | Woollen cloths . ; - - 
 30 | Worsted yarn . . ‘ A ‘ : 
 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 
 36 | Woollen and worsted goods, ree cotton 
 WRENS lean Ai beanie Baas 
 
 RuHopE ISLAND. 
 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton goods . : . ; 5 
 2{ Cotton goods. . : : : : 
 3 | Cotton goods. : “ . ; 
 4 | Cotton goods. n ‘ : : : 
 6 | Cotton goods. - : : . 5 
 6| Yarns. 5 2 - : 5 ; . 
 7 | Yarns. . : ; . ‘ ' ; 
 8 | Yarns. . . ° . 
 9 | Yarns and spool thread 2 
 10 | Yarns, spool thread, and knitting cotton , 
 Cotion and Cotton Waste. 
 11 | Wadding, batting, and wiping waste ; 
 Wool. 
 12 | Cassimeres . ; - ‘ 
 13 | Woollen goods . 3 ’ 2 2 ; : 
 14 | Worsted yarns . ‘. ‘ : : ages 
 15 | Worsted yarns and braids. " ; , 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 16 | Worsted goods . “ 5 . 
 Horse Hair and Cotton ye: 
 17 | Hair cloth . : R 
 Wood and Rags. 
 18 | News paper : s ‘ 4 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 Cotton 
 1 | Cotton goods. - 5 5 : ‘ : 
 2} Duck . ° : : ‘ 
 3 | Duck . : “ A : “ 2 é 
 4} Duck . ; - i : ‘ : 
 ‘5 | Duck and sail twine : . . ‘ : 
 6 | Ginghams and dress goods - ‘ ; : 
 7 | Ginghams and dress goods Beas : : 
 8 | Hosiery yarn i. 
 ‘9 | Mosquito netting, etc., cotton . ‘ 
 10 | Print goods ; A h 4 ; - ‘ 
 11 | Print goods . . : ‘ : : . 
 12 | Print goods - : : . : : 
 
 Product of one hundred Looms per 
 Week. 
 
 6-4 goods, 
 
 No. 34 yarn, 
 No. 34 yarn, 
 
 No. 36 yarn, 
 No. 36 yarn, 
 
 Heavy §, 
 en 3, 
 
 27 inches, 
 
 10,000 yards 
 
 18,000 yards. 
 18,000 yards. 
 24,700 yards. 
 17,700 yards. 
 17,700 yards. 
 
 Lobe A 
 
 16,000 yds. 
 22,000 yds. 
 
 100,000 yards. 
 
 24,000 yards. 
 
 19,800 yards. 
 
 25,800. yards. 
 27,850 yards. 
 24,000 yards. 
 
— 
 bo 
 
 UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 59 
 TasLe IV.— Product of Looms and Spindles. Massacnusrerrs — 
 Concluded. 
 Number of Looms at- Steam or Water | Product of one hundred Spinners eae oh 
 tended by each Weaver. Power. per Week. Tabor per 
 Week. 
 1 Both. - - 60 33 
 - - - ~ 60 34 
 - Steam. - - 60 39 
 - Both. - - 60 36 
 RHOpE IsLANpD. 
 
 4 to 6 Both. No. 34 yarn, 118,000 pounds. 66 1 
 Average, 5 Both. No. 34 yarn, 118,000 pounds. 63 2 
 4to8 | Mostly water. | No. 38 yarn, 95,000 pounds. 66 3 
 4to6 Both. No. 34 yarn, 117,900 pounds. 66 4 
 4 to6 Both. No. 34 yarn, 117,900 pounds. 66 5 
 - Both. Estimate, 160,000 pounds. 66 6 
 = Both. - - 66 7 
 - Water. - - 66 8 
 - Steam. | No. 40 yarn, 92,200 pounds. 66 9 
 - Steam. 115,000 pounds. 66 10 
 - Steam. - - 63 1] 
 
 1 Both. ~ - 66 
 1 Both. ~ - 66 13 
 = Steam. - - 66 14 
 
 ‘ ihe 12,000 pounds. | { 
 Braiders, 15 Water. | Evy yarn,” 24°000 pounders |; 68) | 18 
 2 to 6 Steam. - - 66 16 
 10 Water. aad - 66 iy 
 ~ Both. - - 72 18 
 CoNNECTICUT. 
 
 - - - - - 1 
 1 to6 Water. - - 60 2 
 1 to 2 Water. - ~ 66 3 
 2 Water. = - 69 4 
 - Water. - - 69 5 
 4 to6 Both. 100,000 pounds. 66 6 
 3 to 4 Both. ~ - 66 7 
 ~ Both. ~ ~ 69 8 
 3 to 6 Water. - ~ 644 9 
 4to8 Both. - ~ 66 10 
 4 to 6 Water. 90,000 pounds. 69 11 
 -4 to 8 Both. | No 36 yarn, 60,000 pounds. 69 12 
 
56 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TasLe IV.— Product of Looms and Spindles. 
 
 Continued. 
 
 CONNECTICUT — 
 
 GOoDS MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Product of one hundred Looms per 
 
 Week. 
 
 13 | Print cloth . : 
 
 14 | Print cloth . “ 
 
 15 | Print cloth . 3 
 
 16 | Prints, sheetings, etc. 
 
 17 | Patent hard-laid twine 
 
 18 | Seine twine 4 A 
 19 | Seine twine and welting cord 
 
 20 | Seine twine, cotton 
 
 21 | Seine twine and netting cord 
 
 22 | Sheetings . : ‘ : 
 
 23 | Sheetings . : ; . . 
 
 24 | Sheetings 
 25 | Sheetings . 
 
 26 | Sheetings, etc. . = 5 
 27 | Sheetings, light . . : : 
 
 28 | Sheetings and print goods . 
 
 29 | Sheetings and drills . s : 
 
 30 | Shirtings, cheviot and denims . : 
 
 31 | Shirtings, white vestings, ete. . ¢ 5 
 
 32 | Spool cotton . 
 
 33 | Tickings, blue drills and shirting stiipes, cot- 
 ton . A : 5 5 
 
 34 | Various kinds of cotton cloths : 
 
 35 | Various kinds of fine cotton goods 
 
 36 | Warp, cotton. : ‘ . F . 
 
 37 | Warp, cotton : . n : 
 
 38 | Warp, cotton. ‘ . ; 
 
 39 | Warp and yarns, cotton : 4 ‘ 
 
 40 | Yarn (for carpets) . : ; : . 
 
 41 | Yarns, cotton . “ . ; 
 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 42 | Cassimeres, beavers and cloakings 
 43 Cassimeres, fancy . Z 
 44 | Doeskins and union cassimeres. 
 45 | Flannels ; ‘ 
 46 | Knit goods . ‘ 4 ; s a 
 47 Repellants, woollen “ 7 4 : 
 48 | Satinets, black é : 
 49 | Socks, woollen - : : 
 50 | Waterproofing and tweeds . ‘ 
 51 | Woollen guods, cotton warp 
 
 Wool. 
 52 | Beavers, doeskins, etc. 
 53 | Cassimeres, medium . 
 54 | Cassimeres, French 
 5d Cassimeres, fancy, miltons and ‘kerseys : 
 56 Cassimeres, fancy . ‘ A : : 
 57 Cassimeres, Tancy ; : 4 
 58 | Cassimeres, fancy. : : A . 
 59 | Cassimeres, fancy 
 60 | Cassimeres, fancy . ; ‘ 
 61 | Cassimeres, fancy . : 4 
 62 | Cassimeres, fancy . ; 
 63 | Cassimeres, fancy . 4 : 
 64 | Cassimeres, fancy . . - ° ; 
 65 | Cassimeres, fancy . : 
 66 | Knit underwear and zephyrs rs : 
 
 384 inches, 
 384 inches, 
 
 38 inches, 
 28 inches, 
 
 6-4 wide, 
 
 6-4 wide, 
 
 Single width, 
 Single width, 
 
 23,000 yards. 
 23,077 yards. 
 21,000 yards. 
 30,300 yards. 
 
 24,000 yards. 
 20,000 yards. 
 
 17,000 yards. 
 33,000 yards. 
 
 22,200 yards. 
 
 22,000 yds 
 
 18,360 yards. 
 16,100 yards. 
 39,000 yards. 
 32,400 yards. 
 18,600 yards. 
 
 24,000 yards. 
 
 18,977 yards. 
 15,380 yards. 
 52,940 yards. 
 
 15,800 yards. 
 
 13,100 yards. 
 
 10,800 yards. 
 
 18,000 yards. 
 
 18,190 yards. 
 _ 10,000 yards. 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 57 
 Taste IV.— Product of Looms and Spindles. Connecticut — 
 Continued. 
 Number of Looms at- Steam or Water Product of one hundred Spinners ane ve 
 tended by each Weaver. Power. per Week. W 
 eek, 
 5to 8 Both. - =a 69 13 
 4to 8 Both. - - 69 14 
 4 to 10 Water. No. 37 yarn, 70,000 pounds. 66 15 
 5and 6 Both. No. 22 yarn, 144,000 pounds. 69 16 
 - Water. - - 69 17 
 - Water. ~ - 69 18 
 - - - - 69 19 
 - Water. - - 69 20 
 - Water. ~ - 69 21 
 4 to 8 Water. a 131,400 pounds. 69 22 
 o 33 yarn, 124.400 pounds. 
 caeuae Mae No. 43 yarn, 82,000 nodnae: } us 23 
 4 to6 Water. - - 66 24 
 4to6 Both. Nose 120,000 pounds. 69 25 
 o. 54 yarn, 50,000 pounds. 
 oe Both. | No 4384 yarn, 80,000 pounds. } S 26 
 No. 45 yarn, 70,000 pounds. 
 en ene Both. | No. 34 yarn, 80,000 pounds. } 66 a 
 4 to 8 Water. 1 iggy ae } 66 | 28 
 4to6 Both. - - 66 29 
 4to6 Both. - - 69 30 
 8d | Mostly water. - - 66 31 
 - Both. - - 60 32 
 3 and 4 Water. - - 66 33 
 4,5, and 6 Both. No. 40 yarn, 84.000 pounds. 72 34 
 4 to 6 Water. No. 45 yarn, 56,700 pounds. 69 35 
 ~ Water. - - 66 36 
 - Both. - = 69 37 
 = Water. - - = 38 
 ~ Water. - = 66 39 
 - Water. - - 69 40 
 ~ - No. 36 yarn, 65,000 pounds. 69 41 
 1 Water ~ - 66 42 
 1 and 2 Water - ~ 71 43 
 a Both. - - 66 44 
 2 Water — - 66 45 
 - Water - = 65 46 
 2 Steam - - 674 47 
 2 Water - - 66 48 
 - Water - - 66 49 
 1 and 2 Both. 53,850 pounds. 66 50 
 y Both. ~ - 66 51 
 1 Both. - - 60 52 
 2 Water = - 65 53 
 1 Water - - 66 54 
 1 Water - ~ 643 09) 
 Z Water - - 66 56 
 1 Both. - = 66 oT 
 1 Both. 165,000 runs. 69 58 
 1 Water - ~ 66 59 
 1 Both. = 66 60 
 1 Both. - - 66 61 
 1 Water - - 66 62 
 1 Both. - - 704 63 
 1 Both. - - 66 64 
 1 Water ~ - 70 65 
 - Water. - - 60 66 
 
58 
 
 Taste IV.— Product of Looms and Spindles. 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Concluded. 
 
 ConNECTICUT — 
 
 i 
 
 Goops MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Product of one hundred Looms per 
 
 Week. 
 
 ee ee ee SS 
 
 6,800 yards. 
 
 18,600 yards. 
 14,600 yds. 
 16,600 yds. 
 
 17,500 yards. 
 
 23,562 yards. 
 
 67 | Worsted and fancy cassimeres : 
 68 | Worsted goods for men’s wear, and "very 
 nice coatings 
 69 | Worsted goods, fine, for men’ s wear, also 
 wool gouds . 4 » A “ 
 Wool, Cotton, and aes y- 
 70 | Beavers, woollen : 
 71 | Cassimeres, fancy and shoddy . 
 Wool and Shoddy, 
 72 | Cassimeres, satinets ‘ 
 73 | Satinets ; ‘ 5 4 
 74 | Satinets A “ . : - : 2 : 
 Silk. 
 75 | Machine twist and sewing silk . 
 Miscellaneous. 
 76 | Corsets and corset-steel works . : “ 
 77 | Print goods and umbrella covers 
 78 | Webbings, narrow 
 79 | Webbings, tapes, and ‘bands, suspenders, ‘ete. . 
 80 | Webbing, elastic and non- -elastic . - = 
 New York. 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Cotton goods . , ; ; 4 ; 
 2 | Fine sheetings and shirtings . ; ‘ 
 38 | Knit underwear . 
 4 | Knit underwear . ; 
 5 | Knit underwear . y “ 
 6 | Print cloths “ ; ; 
 7 | Print cloths ; : ; 
 8 | Print cloths 
 9 | Print cloths : ; . ; ‘ 
 10 | Print cloths > 4 5 
 11 | Print cloths 
 12 | Print cloths 
 13 | Print cloths and cheese bandages 
 14 |} Sheetings and denims 
 15 | Sheetings . ; 
 16 | Sheetings . « : 
 17 | Sheetings . - > . ° : . : 
 18 | Sheetings, light . - : : : ; : 
 19 | Sheetings, light . 
 Cotton and Wool. 
 90 | Knit shirts and drawers . . : 5 
 Cotton, Wool Stock, and posits 
 21 | Knit goods . : . : 
 Cotton and eee y: 
 22 | Knit underwear . - : 5 ; 
 Wool. 
 23 | Beavers and fancy cassimeres . ‘ ° 
 
 | Print cloths, 
 
 Fine shirtings, 
 | No. 32 yarn, 
 
 40 inches, 
 
 Yard wide, 
 Yard wide, 
 
 25,800 yds ) - 
 18,000 yds. 
 
 10,000 yds. 
 
 30,000 yards. 
 22,000 yards. 
 
 25,080 yards. 
 
 22,000 yards. 
 26,400 yards. 
 
 27,000 yards. 
 25,500 yards. 
 24,000 yards. 
 32,712 yards. 
 32,600 yards. 
 30,720 yards. 
 19,500 yards. 
 31,560 yards. 
 
 6,000 yards. 
 
 SSeS ass 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 59 
 Taste IV.— Product of Looms and Spindles. Connecticur — 
 Concluded. 
 eee eee 
 Number of Looms at- Steam or Water Product of one hundred Spinners Hours of 
 tended by each Weaver. - Power. per Week. Labor per 
 Week. 
 AN set Si ge ese ae Met ne ea Sale A We a 
 1 and 2 Both. = - 66 | 67 
 1 Both. - - 704 | 68 
 1 Water. = - 66 | 69 
 Both. - 66 | 70 
 2 narrow or 1 broad, Both. - - 66 | 71 
 2 Both. - - 66 | 72 
 2 Both. - - 66 73 
 2 Both. = _ 66 | 74 
 - - - - 60 | 75 
 - - ~ ~ 54 to 60 | 76 
 4 to 8 Both - - 69 | 77 
 - Both - - 66 | 78 
 - Both - - - | 79 
 - Both - - 66 | 80 
 New York. 
 
 ; 3 Short mules, 62,500 pounds. 
 8 to6 Water. | Long mules, 80,000 pounds. 634 | 1 
 
 No. 35 yarn, 81,000 pounds. 
 ‘: Steam. | No. 21 yarn, 130,000 pounds. } A 
 - Both. 150,000 to 180,000 pounds. 66 3 
 - Both. 150,000 pounds. 66 4 
 - Both. 105,000 pounds. 664 | 5 
 4 to6 Both. 51,100 pounds. 66 6 
 4 to 6 Both. - - 72 7 
 
 No. 283 yarn, 80,000 pounds. 
 aoe Steam. | No. 394 yarn, 75,000 pounds. cS 6 
 4 to6 Water. No. 36 yarn, 72,500 pounds. 66 9 
 4to6 Both. - - 66 | 10 
 4to6 Water No. 40 yarn, 83,700 pounds. 66 | 11 
 3, 4, and 5 Water No. 42 yarn, 60,000 pounds. 66 | 12 
 4to6 Water - - 723 | 13 
 3, 4, and 5 Water No. 19 yarn, 135,600 pounds. 66 | 14 
 4 to6 Both. ~ - 66 | 15 
 4 Water No. 20 yarn, 145,000 pounds. 66 | 16 
 5 and 6 Both. No. 25 yarn, 135,000 pounds. 66 | 17 
 4 to 6 Water - ~ 724 | 18 
 Mostly 5 Both. No. 25 yarn, 121,030 pounds. 66 | 19 
 - Water 120,000 pounds. 644 | 20 
 - Steam - - 66 | 21 
 - Both. - - 64 | 22 
 1 Steam ~ ~ 66 | 23 
 
60 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Tapite IV.— Product of Looms and Spindles. New York — 
 
 Concluded. 
 
 i sS____ 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 oops MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Carpetings . 
 
 Carpetings . 
 Fancy cassimeres 
 Fancy cassimeres 
 
 Fancy cassimeres . : 
 
 Fancy cassimeres . 4 ‘ ; . 
 Fancy cassimeres’ - : 
 
 Fancy cassimeres 3 ; < s : 
 
 Fancy cassimeres and flannels . 
 Flannels and cassimeres . ; ‘ 
 Flannels' . Z % : 5 
 
 Ladies’ shawls . ; : - - ; 
 
 Shawls and cashmere cloths . : ; 
 Woollen cassimeres . : : - 
 Woollen goods and carpetings . . 
 Woollen goods . ° . ‘ : 
 Worsted coatings : : 5 : 
 
 Wool and Cotton. 
 Fancy cassimeres ; ' 
 Knit underwear . . : : 
 Knit underwear . 5 5 i 
 
 Wool, Cotton, and Shoddy. 
 Fancy cassimeres, overcoatings, and comes 
 Woollen yarn . . ° , : ‘ 
 
 Wool, Cotton, and Linen. 
 Body Brussels carpets = ‘ : 
 
 Wool, Flax, Jute Yarn. 
 Carpetings . . . : : . . : 
 Wool, Cotton, Jute, and Linen Thread. 
 
 Carpets, tapestry, Axminster, and moquette . 
 Ingrain and tapestry carpets 
 
 Wool, Hair, Mohair, and Cotton Uae 
 Woollen lap-robes . 
 
 Shoddy, Wool, and Cattle Hair. 
 Kerseys and ladies’ cloakings ° . ‘ ° 
 
 Shoddy, Wool, Hair, and Cotton Warp. 
 Blankets (bed and horse) . : : : 
 
 Blankets (Southern markets) . : . . |: 
 
 Flax and Hemp. 
 Twines, yarns, shoe thread (linen) « 
 
 Silk. 
 Silk woven goods . . : : 
 
 Not given . . . ; ° : . . 
 
 Product of one hundred Looms per 
 
 Week. 
 ceo ee ee 
 12,000 yards. 
 15,600 yards. 
 19,260 yards. 
 13,370 yards. 
 $ goods, 20,000 yds. \ 
 Double, 15,000 yds. 
 3“ 20,000 yards. 
 Single width, 
 heavy, 13,730 yds. 
 15,000 yards. 
 : 7,800 yards. 
 Single width, 24,000 yds. 
 Double width, 14,400 yds. 
 6-4 cloth, 10,800 yards. 
 : 18,000 yards. 
 Double width, 3,960 yards. 
 Light 6-4, 11,000 yards. 
 15,000 yards. 
 f Tapestry, 
 ( 4% width, 36,000 yds. 
 Tapestry } 
 Brussels, 33,000 yds. 
 Tapestry, 30,000 yds. } 
 Ingrain, 18,000 yds. 
 15,000 yards. 
 14,000 yards. 
 
 2 y’ds long, 14 y’ds wide, 
 24,000 blankets 
 
 Silk goods, 
 Ribbons, 
 
 33,3383 yards. 
 
 10,000 yds. 
 10,710 yds. 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 61 
 
 Taste IV.— Product of Looms and Spindles. New Yorxr — 
 Concluded. 
 
 —_—_—_—_—_—_—————————— ees 
 
 Number of. Looms at- Steam or Water Product of one hundred Spinners ie te 
 tended by each Weaver. Power. per Week. ire 
 
 14 filling, 87,000 pounds. 
 : Water. | No. 11 w’rst’d, 50,000 pounds. } COR eines 
 1 Water. 120,000 pounds. 66 25 
 1 Water. 54,636 pounds. 66 26 
 1 Both. ~ - 66 27 
 i Water. 60,000 pounds. 60 28 
 - - - - 66 29 
 1 Water. 45,000 pounds. 66 30 
 1 Both. - - 66 3l 
 1 Water. - - 66 32 
 - - - - 66 33 
 1 Water. 30,000 pounds. 66 34 
 1 Water. - - 65 30 
 1 Steam. 42,000 pounds. 60 36 
 - - ~ ~ 66 37 
 1 Water. - - 66 38 
 1 Steam. - - 60 39 
 1 Steam. - - 60 40 
 1 Steam. - - 644 41 
 - Both. 2-run yarn, 123,600 pounds. 644 42 
 ~ ‘Water. - - 66 43 
 t Both. 48,000 pounds. 66 44 
 - Water. 71,538 pounds. 66 45 
 1 Steam. - ~ 60 46 
 1 Steam. 75,000 pounds. 60 47 
 
 Yarn, 180,000 pounds. 
 1 Both. Ingrain, 135,000 pounds. 60 48 
 
 Worsted, 60,000 pounds. 
 1 Both. - - 64 49 
 1 Both. Yarn, 180,000 pounds. 614 50 
 1 Both. ~ - 63 al 
 1 Both. Yarn, 240,000 pounds. 63 52 
 1 Both. 360,000 pounds. 63 53 
 - Both - ~ 654 54 
 1 Both, 4,000 pounds. 60 58 
 ~ Water. - - 63% 56 
 
62 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Tf all mills of like grade, and producing like goods, in New York 
 and New England, should run sixty hours per week, how would 
 it affect this establishment ? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H. | R.I. | Conn.| N. Y. | Totals. 
 Condensed, in els | 
 A. Favorably ‘ ; - 1 2 2 6 2 13 
 B. Unfavorably . : : ‘ : i 5 7 4 6 r§ 29 
 ©. Not materially . ; ; ; Ea 6 4 1 2 24 
 D. No effect : : me aad by 6 + 15 it 48 
 E. Could not answer ‘definitely “ r i - 1 5 3 10 
 KF. No reply : : : : - 3 3 11 13 30 
 G. We should adopt oe é : : 1 1 - 36 18 56 
 
 a a ed el iene 
 
 ' Totals. ‘ : . . ah Wee | 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 
 ; In detail, in part. 
 
 A. Unless they all did it, one would not 
 do it. My theory is that ten hours 
 would be an improvement; I wish 
 all mills had to work only ten hours 
 perday . - - - - 1 1 
 
 This could have something of an 
 advantage, and if this mill was to 
 run sixty hours, others would have 
 an advantage of five per cent to ten 
 per cent in Cost . ° ~ - - 1 - 1 
 
 We should be obliged to run sixty 
 hours; it would ‘be better for ail 
 concerned . é - - ~ 1 ~ 1 
 
 It would have a good effect ; we 
 should certainly run the same; I 
 should prefer to see ten hours 
 adopted; it would be better for all . - - - = 1 1 
 
 It would be better for all concerned ; 
 we would all be happier and better 
 
 OL. wos 4 ; : f ; : 
 If all would work sixty hours we 
 would gladly do it: that would 
 decrease production some; there 
 are too many goods made 4 " - ~ - 1 - 1 
 We should be glad to have every 
 mil] run ten heurs; we are not so 
 much against ten hours as supposed, 
 but we cannot run ten and others 
 eleven hours. - - - 1 
 Enable it to produce same quality of 
 goods at a less price than the hts 
 running sixty hours. ° . 
 Increase the cost of production . 
 The production would be less 
 I could not run, and pay expenses 
 We should run the same as now, | 
 unless our operatives demanded 
 sixty hours; and then we should 
 diminish wages pro rata, or shut 
 down. ~ - - - t 1 
 Large mills and freights would kill 
 us; should wish it to be done if 
 they would let us alone . - 
 Unfavorably, as we have water night 
 and day, and they are running 
 at night as well as during the 
 day . ‘ . : : 3 ° ~ - - - 1 1 
 
 ! 
 — 
 
 ® 
 [eRe 
 1 | od 
 
 etl 
 epol tf 
 bore l | 
 Co On > 
 
 eS 
 l 
 ' 
 ' 
 — 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF Manvuracturers — Continued. 
 
 63 
 
 SSS SSSSSSSSSGSGSESSSSSE) 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 It would affect me so I could not live, 
 We would still be at a disadvantage 
 from competition of mills outside of 
 New England and New York, also 
 foreign competition . : : - 
 We should shut down. From Janu- 
 ary to April we could run; after 
 that we could not pay expenses 
 
 under the ten-hour system é a 
 It would take away what advantage - 
 
 we have over those now running 
 sixty hours per week, reducing our 
 product and increasing the cost 
 
 We give certain privileges to our help 
 about time, etc., so that we can run 
 over sixty hours. We should have 
 to cut that all off : : d 
 
 By decreasing the number of hours 
 the expense of production would be 
 increased; it injures no person to 
 work eleven hours per day ‘ 
 
 In order to get sixty hours per week, 
 the hours of labor must exceed that, 
 as there is much time lost, early 
 and late, by the indolent and lazy . 
 
 It would increase the cost of goods 
 and decrease the price of labor 
 
 Not much, but think it might add a 
 little to the cost F 
 
 ‘It would not affect us materially, but 
 
 would give Maryland great advan- 
 tage over New England mills . 
 We are now running sixty hours 
 We should run just the same as now. 
 No effect; we are away one side from 
 the mill centre . F , ; ; 
 Unless there was a law, we should 
 average it with our workingmen so 
 as to make sixty-six hours . = 
 Do not think it would make any dif- 
 ference; some run eleven, some 
 twelve, some ten, and there is no 
 trouble 2 : , a - F 
 If all mills adopted the sixty-hour 
 system, this mill would do the 
 same . % A : ; : ; 
 We would do as the rest did; part of 
 the mills in this town are running 
 eleven and a part twelve hours 
 
 N. H. | R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 _ ~ - li 1 
 Z - = 2. 1 
 a = i = 1 
 = — - - 1 
 = - 1 = l 
 1 2 - 1 
 = = 1 = 1 
 3 1 - - 5 
 1 = = 2 1 
 = = = = 1 
 - - 3 5 8 
 1 - 9 2 12 
 a - l 1 
 - - 1 - 1 
 - 4 1 = 1 
 - = ata) 17 52 
 1 a 1 1 4 
 
64 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 Other 
 
 States. Totals, 
 
 REPLIES. Mass. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Favorably * : ° : : . : ° r wl nea 13 41 
 B. Unfavorably . , : ; = a . : : : 
 
 ). Not materially - 24 24 
 D. No effect . : , ; : - ; ; : - 48 48 
 EK. Could not answer definitely : : : ; : ; ‘ - 10 10 
 F. Noreply . : ‘ ‘ * ‘ ‘ 8 30 38 
 G. We should adopt it : ; ; : tee Se - 56 56 
 
 Totals ‘ 3 4 : ; ; : : 36 210 246 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 A. Beneficial; it would put us all on the same level ote tae kee - 15 
 
 Could machinery be so speeded as to make results uniform ? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H.| R.Y. | Conn.} N. Y. | Totals. 
 es in Sisk 
 A. Yes : . ° ; - - 1 4 2 7 
 B. No. ; sci gare 25 13 38 29 135 
 Cc. Could not answer definitely : , 1 - - 3 2 6 
 D. Noreply . : : : : - - 4 35 23 | 62 
 
 Totals . : ‘ A 3 j 3l Was, 18 80 56 210 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 A. On some machinery we could; the 
 most valuable could not be speeded i 
 Eps. . . ° 5 A - - ~ 1 - 1 
 
 B. We are running our machinery, at the |: : 
 present time, at the highest rate of 
 speed that is advisable or safe . : 3 25 3 29 2 62 
 
 It would entail a severe loss on wear 
 and tear of plant to increase the 
 speed, as speed is regulated to be 
 uniform, and to change it would be 
 
 aserious matter . 1 - - - bide te 
 We have been compelled to reduce 
 
 speed . - = - ~ 1 1 
 We cannot speed with present old 
 
 machinery . - - - 1 2 3 
 
 Could not speed up, but could make 
 as much in ten hours as in eleven 
 hours . - ~ - - 2 a 
 
 Much would ‘depend on the character 
 of the goods made, on the quality of 
 the stock used, and the skill of the 
 
 employé . 1 - - = = 1 
 No, could not; it depends more on 
 the attendant than onthe speed . - - _ 1 - 1 
 
 No, I could not speed my machinery ; 
 still I could make some rules which 
 would go far towards equalizing 
 production . : : . A . - - - 1 - 1 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 65 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 } the 
 REPLIES. Mass States Totals 
 EY in full. 
 A. Yes e es e e ° J : es Oo ° . 3 7 10 
 B. No : . a Di 135 156 
 Cc. Could not answ er definitely F a — 6 6 
 
 D. No reply . ‘ : ‘ 6 : é ak : | 12 62 74 
 
 Totals “ ; “ : = : “ -| 36 | 210 | 246 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 A. Machinery can be speeded up, but we think the help are 
 “speeded” to their full capacity . : . : 1 - 1 
 
 Musi the spinning department be run more hours than the weaving 
 department, on account of the state of the atmosphere? 
 
 Me. 
 
 REPLIES. N. H. | R. I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. No : : sale 30 D2; ll 23 9 95 
 B. Did not answer definitely ‘ ‘ 7 1 - - 4 - A) 
 C. No reply : rl ‘ 3 . - 3 7 53 47 110 
 eee eee (|. 3). t 2,|. 13 | 80. | B64 210 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. The weather does not affect us . - - _ - iy 1 6 
 
 We run our spinning about one and 
 
 a quarter hours less than our 
 
 weaving department per week . = ~ ~ 1 - ~ 1 
 No, we weave more than we spin . - _ ~ 1 = 1 
 Not where spindles and cards bear 
 
 correct proportion to each other. - 1 - - - 1 
 
 Not to any great extent; we force 
 vapor in weaving room in dry 
 weather . 1 - - ~ - 1 
 
 We run our mules and ring spinning 
 less than the weaving. Mules 
 stop one and one-half hours earli- 
 er on Saturdays, ring spinning 
 about an hour earlier : : ‘ 1 - - - - 1 
 
 B. Spinning generally runs best in, 
 weather free from winds, and al- 
 ways poorest in dog-days . - - - - 1 - 1 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Gepgenes in full. 
 
 A. No-. : ° : - : oe Eee 95 | 126 
 B. Did not answer definitely ; : - ; : ; ; - 5 5 
 C. Noreply. < . rs A a : ; . . 5 | 110 | 115 
 
 Totals 3 4 A A 4 : . x 4 36. | 210 246 
 
66 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 Would the running of this factory 60 hours per week increase the 
 
 cost of production any way? If yes, how? 
 i ————— 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H.| R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 eh ane t in as 
 AS Yes ; . : : .| 30 21 15 51 34 151 
 B. No : : f i 2 1 3 3 10 
 C. Toa moderate degr ee 5 : : ~ 2 - 5 2 9 
 D. No reply “ Fi : ~ - - 19 16 30 
 HK. Did not answ er definitely : e : - ~ 2 2 1 5 
 
 re | | eS | | | 
 
 TGtalas. Bice a UL ei eee a 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. Yes, lessen the production ‘ ; . 2 2 Al 3 3 11 
 Yes, lessen the production, while 
 the interest, taxes, fuel, and labor 
 
 would be the same. . 1 - ~ 8 1 10 
 Yes, lessen the production with the 
 same cost to plant . 15 12 8 9) 18 58 
 
 Day help would receive the same 
 pay, and produce Jess work in pro- 
 
 portion to the reduction of time. - - 4 3 
 Higher oat must be paid for piece 
 
 work . 1 ~ 1 - - 
 It w ould increase the ‘labor bill five 
 
 percent . 1 - 1 - - 
 
 Yes, less product, and pay to our 
 operatives . “ - - 9) 
 Yes, because we could ‘not speed up. - - - 2 1 
 Yes, for it costs but little more to run 
 66 hours. 4 - - 1 
 Yes, production would. cost more per 
 day . 1 1 = 4 
 If wages remained the same, yes; 
 even if wages were reduced, yes_ . 1 - - - - 
 It would, to run on present basis; 
 the increase would be in the rate é 
 of overselling . - ~ - 1 = 1 
 Yes, unless wages are reduced pro- 
 portionately; general expenses 
 would not decrease with a reduc- 
 tion of hours . - 1 - - - 1 
 Yes, unless negatived by reduced 
 wages; overseers and hands would 
 expect same pay for ten hours as 
 for eleven hours; general ee 
 * would be the same . - i - - - ae). | 
 Yes, it would result in nearly ten per 
 cent less production, with but little 
 saving in the ordinary Se raicee of 
 running. 1 - - - - 1 
 General expenses ‘would be the same, 
 and the cost of production would 
 be increased unless wages were re- 
 duced in proportion . - 1 - - - 1 
 It would; should not be able to get 
 off so many goods, and day’s pay 
 
 U 
 Pe AO ON Or a ko SQ 
 
 would have to be thesame  . - - - 1 - 1 
 There would be a loss of ten per cent 
 onthe outiay . - ~ 3 - ~ 3 
 
 Should produce no more in the 60 
 hours than now in 66, and have to 
 pay same as now for66 . * . - - ~ 1 - 1 
 "Yes, because we cannot compete 
 with first-class mills; should have 
 to pay same, or nearly same, wages, - - ~ 1 - 1 
 
 a a 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 67 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANuFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 ——— 
 
 REPLIES. Me. Noel. WeConnay Nay i-OLoLalss 
 
 Yes, no less cost for office employés, . 
 also, insurance, interest, or capital 
 invested, taxes, and probably labor ; 
 product would be proportionately 
 fess). - ~ - 1 - 1 
 
 Yes, all day labor and salaried labor 
 would be the same, and production 
 would be diminished, and EPs 
 increased per yard . - - - 1 - 1 
 
 The less hours it 1uns, the more the 
 goods would cost; for manufactur- 
 ing purposes we could hire help just 
 about as cheap for eleven hours as 
 for ten; ae do not ask the ae 
 
 tion . - a - 1 - l 
 B. It would not. increase the cost of pro- 
 duction inthe long run . - 2 - ~ ~ 2 
 
 No; for we should only pay for the 
 number of hours the operatives 
 worked. - - ~ - 1 
 
 When we dropped from twelve to 
 eleven hours, we did not reduce 
 se nor did the product dimin- : 
 ish - - - 1 - 1 
 
 My opinion is that the help would i in 
 the end produce as much; however, 
 at first the production would proba- 
 
 bly be diminished . ~ - - 1 ~ 1 
 ©. It would be so small that it would 
 scarcely be noticeable. : ~ - - 4 2 6 
 If based on hours of labor, no; if 
 same price per day, more - 1 - - - 1 
 Yes; but, if generally adopted, it y | 
 would slightly increase prices . : - 1 ~ - - 1 
 EK. Have not tried to; think it would. - - = cal - : 
 Help would probably request and ob- 
 tain as much per day of ten hours 
 as now for eleven hours . . r ee oe” 2 ~ - 2 
 | en NT PAIS PEE A TS TONS DE TET RE IEE RES TO FLO LE LS SSE LILLE RIE LE AL A SIA TEENS ALI EE ET 
 ther 
 REPLIES. Mass. States. Totals. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 
 fs as aT ae - ating - - “ : : : ‘ Pee Lo eles 
 B. No . - : : A - é : a teath 10 21 
 Cc. Toa moderate degree F A A ; : : : ~ 9 9 
 D. Noreply. 5 : , f A : pe le 35 48 
 K. Did not answer definitely : : d : : : : tt) (5 5 
 
 Totals : . . : . : F -| 386 | 210 | 246 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 
 A. Has increased cost, as we pay day help the same as if 
 working eleven hours a day ; piece help paid alittle more, 
 though not ten per cent more. 1 - 1 
 
 Increase the cost of production by decreasing the product 
 of the mills; the items of insurance, taxes, salaries, day 
 labor, and many other items could be run as cheaply 
 with longer hours : 2 - 2 
 
 B. It did when we made the change; “now ‘Wwe W york as cheaply 
 as ever. ; . . : ° : : . : 1 - 1 
 
 a ed 
 
68 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 Would running 60 hours per week make it necessary to employ more 
 hands to produce present amount of goods made? 
 
 a Ls 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H.| R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 Pee nigga in fat: 
 A. Yes ; 5 : : | 3l 21 16 33 |. 24 7 126 
 B. No : - - 3 1 a) 2 11 
 Cc. Could not answer definitely : : = ~ - 1 3 4 
 D. No reply : : ; : . - 1 1 41 27 70 
 
 cee | coe | ee | ee |e | 
 
 Totals 1 Poe 1 ak ee eee 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. Not only more pe: but more ma- 
 
 chinery . 10 6 6.| 21 6 49 
 More hands, more machinery, and 
 
 more room : 1 ~ 1 - - 2 
 Yes; more machinery, as we could 
 
 not employ more hands . : ‘ - 1 - - - 1 
 
 More hands and more machinery ; 
 on ring frames, two-twelfths more; 
 if we speeded up, ig figs would be 
 
 vastly more : F ; - - - 1 - 1 
 B. We are running 60 hours ; ° ° - - ~ - 1 1 
 We could make as muchas now. . - - = 1 1 
 No; by a better system than the pres- 
 ent we could produce as much Bet 
 year. ~ 1 - = - 1 
 No; machinery could do no more, 
 even if more hands were employed, ~ - - 3 1 4 
 C. We calculate to take off all the work 
 we can now . : 5 ~ - - - 1 1 
 ESS RS Se DD ESE ES SE SE BE TS SE 
 Other 
 REPLIES. Mass. | gtates Totals 
 ih in full. 
 A. Yes. . : ‘ : . " : 6 | 125 | 181 
 B. No . 2 . . 5 : deeb 11 23 
 ©. Could not answer definitely . ; : : : ; : 1 4 5 
 
 D.: Nosreply 3 vik ieee é ‘ ‘ Ret ee ap tas f 70 87 
 Totals § . : * : H ‘ ; . | 86 | 210 {| 246 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 B. We make more goods with fewer hands than formerly . 
 We do not employ pu more than hee running 624 hours 
 per week . * é . : : ; ‘ 1 ~ 1 
 
 — 
 1 
 — 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANnuracturers — Continued. 
 
 69 
 
 What effect would running 60 hours per week have upon wages? 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 N. H. 
 
 R. I. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 Would raise them : : 7 : 
 Would reduce them . : : 
 No effect : 2 2 . : 
 Did not answer definitely . q : 
 No reply . . ° ° ~ 5 
 
 Totals . i ; ; é A b 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 It would raise them on piece work 
 The day help would be paid the same 
 as now, and the piece help raised 
 We would probably have to pay a little 
 
 more ; if all ran 60 hours, there would 
 not be much change. ‘ ° - 
 It would increase wages and encourage 
 strikes . . ‘ , ; 
 By improvement of machinery and a 
 closer application of the help, wages 
 were increased so as to exceed the 
 old price, benefiting both parties 
 alike. (Runs but ten hours per 
 day) . S : A . . > 
 Reduce them five per cent . ° 5 
 Reduce them ten per cent . . 4 
 Reduce them twelve per cent. : 
 Reduce them for both day and piece 
 workers : - 4 ° 
 Would have to reduce them, and then 
 suffer from strikes ; - : 
 At first I think we could hire help 
 cheaper ‘ : . g 
 Reduce them; lower prices would 
 make help willing to run extra 
 It would have a bad effect on piece 
 workers; it would lower things a 
 little . - A ‘ 2 - 5 
 It would have the effect of so reducing 
 them that we would finally pay by 
 the hour Soue © ‘ ° : 
 It would lower wages, or else we could 
 not run at all at present prices of 
 goods. s : : 7 : 
 It would naturally be lower, without 
 there was an advance in price of 
 goods. - ; ‘ é : x 
 It would reduce them proportionately ; 
 we pay overseers by the hour, mostly 
 « piece work : 5 ; - : 
 It would reduce them for the first year, 
 and gradually return to eleyen-hour 
 prices wortylis ete : 
 Temporarily it would have a tendency 
 to reduce; but I think it would soon 
 follow that production being dimin- 
 ished, prices would rise, and pay 
 return to former prices. (This mill 
 runs 60 hours per week now) . ; 
 The general effect would be a reduc- 
 tion. The—— Woollen Corporation 
 cut down day hands, speeded up, 
 and cut down price so that piece 
 hands got the same . . . . 
 
 Conn. 
 
 NCE ce 
 
 Totals. 
 
 i | ee es | | 
 
 | —e J] 
 
 eli ate 
 
 mbol t 
 
 —" 
 
 (reo 
 
 l_——— 
 
 — 
 
 _ loom l oHone ea) 
 
 —" i" 
 
 — 
 
70 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. N.H.| R.I. | Conn. | Ni ¥. | Totals: 
 
 Reduce them so far as desire of owners 
 could do, so as to proportion them 
 to old wages; could be resisted by 
 hands and overseers . ; ; ; - 1 - ~ - 1 
 
 It would have a tendency to lower 
 wages, else the cost of the goods 
 would be increased more than the 
 mill could stand : 4 4 . 1 - - 
 
 C. Itis too little to make any reduction on, - ~ - 
 
 We should pay the same wages as now, = ~ - 
 
 Operatives would want the same pay 
 as now, and ought to have it . . - - ms 
 
 Should pay the same wages, and pay 
 more on piece work, so as to make 
 same pay as now ; : : 
 
 Operatives would want the same pay 
 for 60 as for 66 hours , : ‘ - - ! 4 
 
 Would not be able to reduce day help, 
 and piece workers would lose it . - ~ - - 1 
 
 Wages are so low now that I do not 
 think it would have any effect. ‘ - - - - 
 
 They would expect just the same as 
 now, and insist uponit . : é 
 
 Operatives are getting as little as they 
 can possibly live on . : . ‘ 
 
 I can hire as cheaply for 69 as for 60 
 hours . : : . : : - - - - 1 
 
 It would be a difficult matter to change 
 the wages of day help. 5 : - - - - 1 
 
 We pay for 60 hours the same as others 
 do for 66 hours. (These mills run 
 60 hours per week) . : - - 
 
 In the long run it would have no effect, - 1 - 
 
 Do not think it would have any effect ; 
 would not ask my help to work for 
 less. - ; : : 4 . - 
 
 As a rule, wages would be the same: 
 they pay more in Fall River than 
 WE DO eye cs . . : 4 
 
 I do not think it would have any special 
 effect ; day labor the same, also piece 
 work . ; # : é 5 - 
 
 None of the operatives would willingly 
 work for less pay than now : 
 
 It would have a good deal of effect 
 upon me; they want just as much 
 money; we pay the same now as 
 when we ran twelve hours : . - - - 1 - 1 
 
 There was no change when we dropped 
 from twelve to eleven hours; if we 
 went to ten hours it would be the 
 same thing : ‘ . : : 
 
 I would have to pay for day’s help the 
 same as now, and piece help might 
 
 ask for an advance . - - = ~ 1 1 
 | 
 
 — — |] ft 
 [el 
 et et 
 
 He 
 
 = = 
 =~ = wo =| — — CO 
 
 wr 
 Cae | 
 Orbo 
 
 They would be about the same as they 
 are now; if all mills would run ten 
 hours, and none overtime, it would 
 
 be better for allconcerned . - - - 1 - 1 
 Ought not to pay as much for 60 as 
 
 for 644 hours; those who work by 
 
 piece, if they did as much in 60 as 
 
 in 66 hours, would getasmuch .| -— - - - 1 1 
 
 oo EEE EE eee eee 
 a 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 71 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. Mey ilicNa tte) Rada: |) Conn. Ne Yer | Lotals;, 
 
 It would not have any effect when it 
 became general; the less hours, the 
 better the wages; it would adjust 
 itself some time, if we keepa aa 
 tective tariff . ~ ~ - - 1 l 
 
 With present roll, we “should pay in 
 proportion to time worked; we 
 should go for hiring men who 
 would work for eleven hours, law 
 or no law . ~ - - 1 - 1 
 
 I do not think it would ‘have any 
 effect. We should pay just as much 
 as now; operatives are Germans, 
 most all work by the piece, and are 
 industrious and saving . . - = - 1 - 1 
 
 D. If it did not decrease “production, I 
 think wages would not decrease; 
 that would be an experiment . - ~ - 4 - 
 
 Competition would regulate that ‘ ~ - ~ - 1 
 
 Matter of opinion consult labor sta- 
 tistics . - - 1 ~ ~ - 
 
 Wages have never been so high as 
 now, except during the war. : ~ - = - 1 
 
 The wages are now very high; on day 
 help the wages have advanced in 
 two years 25 per cent, and yet are 
 25 per cent lower than during the ' 
 war . - - - ~ 1 1 
 
 We should try to ‘get help for less if j 
 wecould . - - - 1 ~ ] 
 
 Operatives ought not to work for any 
 less . ~ - ~ 1 ~ 
 
 I do not think it would make wages 
 any lower . ; - - - 1 = 
 
 We work as economically as we know 
 how . ~ - - ~ 1 
 
 Operatives wish to make “about so 
 much a week; do not think we 
 could hire help any less for 60 hrs. 1 ~ - = - 1 
 
 That would be optional with the man- 
 ufacturers; few would want to pay 
 as much for 60 as for 66 hours r - - - 1 ~ 1 
 
 In our business it would be pretty 
 hard work to run ten hours and 
 come out even at the end of the 
 year . - - ~ ~ 1 1 
 
 If it was made general through the 
 country, it would be full better for 
 those carrying on business than to 
 work longer hours; do not know 
 just how it would affect wages : - ~ - - 1 1 
 
 | 
 
 ee | 
 
’ 
 
 72 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. Mass. Pig. Totals. 
 
 Condensed, in niet 
 
 A. Would raise them . 5 
 
 B. Would reduce them ; P = : . : 3 2 
 
 C. No effect . : “ = ; - “ : 7 62 69 
 D. Did not answer definitely 5 2 
 
 EK. Noreply. - . . 4 0 
 
 eee bay Ne 
 ooo. oo. sent iaS 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 . If hours were alike in all manufacturing districts, I think 
 wages would be as good, or better, running 60 hours’. 2 - 2 
 C. Reduce pay earned by piece workers, though not in as 
 great proportion as the hours have been reduced; day 
 help same as they would be for more hours. ; : 1 = 1 
 
 Totals . ; “ A 
 
 Under a decrease of time and an increase of speed, what would be 
 the effect upon the plant? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. 
 
 N.H. | R. I. | Conn. } N. Y. | Totals. 
 Condensed, in Beet 
 A. A good effect é 2 - 1 - - - 1 
 B. A bad effect . . * S 26 19 11 19 5 80 
 C. No effect 2 ‘ 4 . ~ - 2 1 - 3 
 D.. Did not answer definitely ; 3 ; 4 2 a 36 34 80 
 {. Noreply . . : 1 3 1 24 7 46 
 Totals . 2 3l 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 In detail, in park 
 
 B. We run as fast as we can now; an in- 
 
 crease of speed would cause a wear- 
 * ingout of the plant . ; P ae eS | 3 11 19 5 59 
 C. Would not injure the plant. - - 1 - - 1 
 No particular effect upon the plant - - 1 ~ - 1 
 
 Not affect the plant otherwise than to 
 lessen production - - - 1 - 1 
 
 D. We cannot increase speed to make up 
 any decrease of time : 4 2 3 34 30 73 
 
 Should not increase ceed under any 
 circumstances - - ~ - i 1 
 
 - Tam gradually iner easing speed with 
 profit : ; ~ - - 1 1 
 We could incr ease speed with profit : ~ - - - 1 1 
 
 This mill runs only ten hours per 
 day , 4 . 4 4 - ~ - 2 ~ 2 
 
 — 
 
 w 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. ( 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 the 
 REPLIES. Mass States Totals 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. A good effect . d ‘ ° r ‘ A i - 1 1 
 B. A badeffect . A : ° 2 : 14 80 94 
 C. No effect . : : : ° - 3 3 
 DP. Did not answer definitely : . < 2 80 82 
 E. Noreply . é “ é : : 20 46 66 
 Totals . ; . 36 | 210 | 246 
 Masriohinietts 7 in detail, in part. | 
 B. Cannot increase without ruining the plant . 11 - 11 
 
 Under a decrease of time and an increase of speed, what would be 
 the effect upon the employes? 
 
 EISOn> 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Condensed, in full, 
 A good effect : ; . 
 A bad effect . . : . 5 
 No effect ‘ ‘< ’ 5 
 Did not answer ‘definitely A ° 
 No reply : ; E ‘ : 
 
 Totals . : F = ‘ 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 Would be good for employés in many 
 ways, though it might reduce 
 wages ‘ 
 
 Would make more work for em- 
 ployés ° : P 
 
 Help would like it better 
 
 Fair wages and more time . ; 
 
 The pay of spinners would be in- 
 creased : i 
 
 Improve the health of employés . 
 
 Injure them and their health 
 
 Not of the slightest benefit to them 
 
 Make them idle, and increase care- 
 lessness 
 
 More destructive to ‘them than to 
 machinery . R 
 
 Harder work and less wages 
 
 Wear out the employé. ‘ : . 
 
 Reduce wages. 
 
 Further speed would be a great waste 
 and no advantage . : ° 
 
 Employés unwilling .. : ° ° 
 
 Cannot increase speed . ‘ : 
 
 Should not increase speed . 
 
 This mill runs only ten hours per 
 day .. é . ° : 
 
 oe ee | 
 
 R. 1. 
 
 On i ow 
 
 Conn. 
 
 Ror r bo mt t tf 
 
 | 
 
 N. Y. | Totals. 
 1 10 
 a 52 
 1 1 
 
 35 83 
 17 64 
 56 | 210 
 = 3 
 _ 2 
 = 1 
 - 1 
 1 1 
 - 2 
 = 10 
 2 20 
 _ Dr 
 — 1 
 = 1 
 - 3 
 - 15 
 it 1 
 1 1 
 30 71 
 1 1 
 ~ y 
 
74 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS Continued. 
 Other 
 REPLIES. Mass. States. Totals. 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. A good effect . ; : A A i : 5 ; 4 - 10 10 
 B. A bad effect . : é § ; m * x ‘ : 5 52 57 
 C. No effect. : , 6 ; ; F 5 : - l 1 
 D. Did not answer definitely ; ; ; ‘ : ‘ é 2 83 85 
 E. Noreply . 4 . : : ‘ : ; ‘Sa: 64 93 
 Totals , ; A , - be : > “ . | (36> S248 246 
 
 Under a decrease of time and an increase of speed, what would 
 be the effect upon the cost of goods? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. «| N. H. | RR. 1. | Conn. |) Ni Yo hotets: 
 Condensed, in Up 
 A. A bad effect . - . < . 22 Lz 13 11 4 67 
 B. No effect 5 ; x 4 - 1 - = 1 2 
 C. Did not answer definitely ; ; 5 2 + 1 37 34 78 
 D. No reply 3 : F 4 : > 7 3 4 sus 17 63 
 
 Totals . . . . ° ode aok 25 18 80 56 210 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 A. Increase the cost of goods . 17 8 12 5 3 45 
 Increase the cost of goods ten per 
 Cetin - ~ - M - 1 
 Increase cost of goods by causing 
 waste . 4 , - 2 ~ - - 2 
 Injure the product ° - 2 1 5 - 8 
 Increase the cost of goods, and in- 
 jure the quality of the product 1 - - - - 1 
 B. Cost of goods would not be increased, - 1 - - t 2 
 C. Can increase speed with profit - = - - 1 1 
 Cannot increase speed . - 3 - 35 29 67 
 Should not increase speed . - ~ ~ - 1 1 
 This mill runs ten hours per day - - - 2 = 2 
 the 
 REPLIES. Mass. | ctates Totals 
 one in full, 
 A. A bad effect . ‘ : ‘ e . ; a f 9) 67 72 
 B. No effect . 5 4 . . 4 . . : 1 ag 3 
 C. Did not answer definitely : ; : : 7 : : - 78 78 
 
 D. Noreply . : : ; : - : : : ‘ o|- 30 63 93 
 Totals . 4 4 ; 7 r 5 5 < . | 36 | 210° 19246 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 75 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 Have experiments been made to test the producing power of the 
 factory under different hours per day? With what results ? 
 
 er SSS 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H.| R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 sertenees: in Sul: 
 A. Yes : : . } 3 3 3 8 11 28 
 B. No - ; ~ | 20 22 14 46 36 144 
 C. Did not answer definitely ‘ : 5 1 - 1 4 1 7 
 De Noreply ..- ; . ° A i! = - 22 8 3l 
 
 Totals . . ° . : Sali iats a) 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 A. It increased cost of production . - 1 - - - I 
 Have run less hours and produced 
 less . - - - 1 = 1 
 We used to run twelve hours, and now 
 run eleven. - - - = 1 1 
 Yes; possibly a very slight gain, less 
 quantity of goods . - - - 1 = 1 
 Yes, and find “the present best for all 
 concerned . - - 1 - - 1 
 We have run overtime, and we get 
 more product in proportion. - - - 1 - 1 
 Yes, ran day and night for five months 
 with unsatisfactory results : - - - - 1 1 
 Yes, we have run 2 time, and for six 
 months § time; our agence, pro 
 rata . - - - - 1 1 
 
 We ran twelve, eleven, and now ten 
 and one-half hours ; ‘and our books 
 show that reduction of hours is pro 
 rata reduction of product : - - ~ - 1 1 
 
 Yes, when we changed from eleven to 
 ten hours. The weave room did as 
 much in ten as in eleven hours; the 
 card room fell behind . - - - ~ 1 1 
 
 We have tried, and find that long hours 
 bring the best results, so far as we 
 are concerned Z 1 - - = - 1 
 
 We have run short time in hard times, 
 but found it expensive, for Eqode 
 cost more . ° - - - 1 - 1 
 
 When we ran nine hours in ‘winter we 
 made more product per hour than 
 when working eleven hours. - - - 1 - 1 
 
 In the winter we have run by day- 
 light only, and the ger. was 
 proportionately less . ~ - - 1 - 1 
 
 The proportion is about the ‘same; the 
 weaver will make a little more in 
 the shorter time ‘ ~ - - 1 ea LM 
 
 Yes; we work only during daylight 
 in ’the winter, and produce as much 
 as in the long hours in the summer, - - - - 1 1 
 
 We ran ten hours per day two years; 
 our neighbors ran eleven, and we 
 returned to eleven; could not com- 
 pete with them . : - - zr - - 
 
 Yes; we did run twelve hours, and 
 came down to eleven, and lost nearly 
 one-twelfth production . - - - - 1 
 
 Yes; weran for several months only 
 seven hours per day, and produced 
 nearly as many goods as under the 
 long hour system. : : ‘ - 1 - - - 1 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 ee ———————————— aa 
 
76 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Yes; when we pay extra for the eleven 
 hours we get the extra product; 
 but, if we did not pay extra, I don’t 
 believe we should get three per cent 
 more result : 
 
 We came from 66 to 60 hours for four 
 months; we reduced wages ten per 
 cent; production diminished 74 per 
 cent, cost of goods increased four 
 per cent, — about one-third of a cent 
 a yard, — cost of labor per yard in- 
 creased one-quarter of a cent= 
 nearly seven per cent . 
 
 We have worked overtime, and found 
 that after two months we got no 
 more product of piece work (when 
 machinery was little used) than 
 when working regular hours 
 
 Yes; when I came here seventeen 
 years ago we were running twelve 
 and one-half hours per day: then 
 product was not so much into sev- 
 enty-five cuts per week as we are 
 producing now in eleven hours; of 
 this, twenty-seven cuts is an increase 
 on the old machinery 
 
 Changed from twelve and one-half 
 hours to eleven; there was practi- 
 cally no diminution of production. 
 In changing from eleven hours to 
 ten, we lost, but not exactly in pro- 
 portion. Have been working ten 
 hours for nearly ten years. This 
 mill is run successfully 
 
 I have run eight hours, and six hours, 
 and found that the production di- 
 minished accurately with the time, 
 and so the books show . 5 
 
 No; we have gee run eleven 
 hours ‘ 
 
 We have never run less than twelve 
 hours : 
 
 No; if we put down to ten ‘hours, we 
 should lose just so much anna 
 tion . 
 
 No; this mill has been. built since the 
 company adopted ten hours . 4 
 
 No; generally Monday is the Aeige 
 of the five days . 
 
 No; but then we do not need any test 
 of that; the carding machines reg- 
 ulate production, and can only do 
 just so much per hour 
 
 No; in the case of day work for 
 about two or three weeks, there may 
 be a gain, but after that you begin 
 to drag. Longer than ten hours, as 
 arule,is hardly again . = 
 
 We first adopted ten hours because we 
 were in the midst of foundries and 
 other mills which worked but ten 
 hours, and were constrained to act 
 accordingly . : - 4 
 
 N... | GR. o. 
 
 Conn. 
 
 = 
 
 —_ 
 
 _ 
 
 N. Y. | Totals. 
 1 1 
 - 1 
 1 1 
 i 1 
 1 jee 
 1 1 
 - 2 
 = 1 
 = 1 
 1 1 
 - 1 
 - l 
 1 1 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 77 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N. H. | R.I. | Conn.| N. Y. | Totals! 
 C. Lam of the opinion that as much can 
 be done in a year with ten hours as 
 with eleven : - - - 1 - 1 
 I think we get more work the shorter 
 * time we run : - - - 1 - 1 
 
 Every hour tells, especially in ‘spin- 
 ning; in fact, every minute tells in 
 production . : - - - 1 - 1 
 
 The same help will produce as many 
 goods, and of superior quality, in 
 ten hours as they will in eleven 
 hours . nears ae +. ee - - ~ - - 1 I 
 
 REPLIES. Mass. Totals. 
 
 sae 
 
 area in full. 
 
 As Yes. : : ; 5 5 ' ; 5 - 28 28 
 B. No . me : : : : : P .| 15 | 144 | 159 
 C. Did not answer definitely : . ; 2 : ; : 2 7 9 
 D. No reply. ; ; A : - ; ; : ee) 38l 50 
 
 Totals 3 . F : ‘: é “ ‘ A A 36 210 246 
 
 Has the Massachusetts ten-hour law affected this factory in any 
 
 way ? 
 REPLIES. Me. | N. H. |. R. 1. }' Conn: | Ns Yo | Totals. 
 Condensed, in Ya 
 A. Favorably  . 3 A 2 3 - 5 ~ 10 
 B. Unfavorably . : é , : ‘ 3 3 2 2 - 10 
 C. No effect 4 ; : . | 24 18 13 37 8 100 
 D. Did not answer definitely ; 5 2 1 3 19 1 26 
 E. Noreply . : : P 5 ; - ~ - 17 47 64 
 
 Totals seer. ° eats aie 25° 18 80 56 | 210 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 A. It helps us some, but hurts them ; - - - 1 - 1 
 Has given us undue advantage . . - 1 - - - 1 
 
 It has given us a better class of op- 
 eratives . ; 1 - - - - 1 
 It has furnished us with more help 3 - - - 1 - 1 
 
 Can compete easier with Massachu- 
 
 setts; can make more goods in 
 
 eleven hours than they caninten . - : = = - 1 
 Only so far as it has enabled us to 
 
 produce goods of the same class for 
 
 less cost for labor per dozen . - 1 - - - 1 
 
78 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. Me N. H R. I. | Conn. | N.Y.) Totais: 
 | 
 
 I should think it had helped us; it 
 
 gives us an advantage over our 
 
 competitors, if there be any in that 
 
 State. f = - = 1 = l 
 It makes some of our hands discon- , 
 
 tented with our hours of labor 4 - 3 ~ - a 3 
 We have lost some of our best hands 
 
 by it . : - - 3 2 ~ a. 
 
 The hours were reduced from eleven 
 to ten and one-half hours about the 
 time the law was passed . : , - - 1 ~ - 1 
 
 Except to attract to us operatiy es am- 
 bitious to earn higher wages than in 
 
 millsrunning but 60 hours . ~ - 1 - ~ 1 
 C. No; we get as much work in 60 hours 
 as we used toin66 . - ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 
 
 I do not think it has; I do not think 
 our labor bill of day help is any 
 higher for twelve hours than for 
 ten. ~ - ~ 1 - 1 
 
 D. Some have come here in “hopes of 
 earning more money than in Massa- 
 chusetis . - - 1 - - 1 
 
 No; I do not know that it has ; our 
 cotton goods are guided by the cost 
 of print cloths, and we may be ; 
 affected some . : : - - - - 1 - 1 
 
 SEEESESESESESESEeSeSseSM et 
 a 
 
 Other | | 
 REPLIES. Mass States.| Potals 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Favorably’ . > : ‘ 3 ¥ - 10 10 
 B. Untavorably . : : : : : . : ; ‘ 4 10 14 
 C. No effect : : ; ae X : : - | 100 | 100 
 D. Did not answer definitely ; ‘ ; ; ; : 1 26 27 
 E. No reply : : : : ; A : . OF Bi 64 95 
 
 Totals . A ‘ , , M ; é i » | 8645 216 sae 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 B. Ten-hour law in Massachusetts makes it difficult to com- 
 pete with manufacturers running toner Tone and has 
 
 affected us . 4 1 - 1 
 Decreased net income; ‘taxes, interest, ete., 5 remaining the 
 same for fewer hours of labor. : . : ; : 1 - 1 
 
 See ES 
 oor eee 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. ch, 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 Has it enabled you to secure better skilled labor, and in greater 
 quantity, than before its passage? 
 
 REPLIES. Me, |..N.H. | Roi. | Conn..| Nx. |@otals: 
 Nog aed in vie 
 A. Yes : ‘ : : 1 - 3 4 ~ 8 
 B. No. 7 ow 23 25 12 16 9) 86 
 G. Could not answer definitely : A 2 - 3 3 - 8 
 D. No reply . - : : 2 - - rR! 57 51 168 
 Totals. : = ‘ . cA, 25 18 80 06 210 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. We can get help from there easier 
 than we used to ‘ - ~ ~ 1 - 1 
 I can get a better class of operativ es 
 with ten hours than with eleven . - - - 1 - 1 
 Have better help there; do as much ; 
 there in ten hours as here in eleven, - - - 1 ~ 1 
 
 B. No, it goes the other way; it’s talked 
 around here, and takes operatives 
 
 away. - - - ] - 1 
 
 C. Have no trouble i in getting good ‘help, 1 - - 1 - 2 
 We know of no more influence from 
 Massachusetts than from any other 
 
 State . ee pee . : “ i - - 1 - = 1 
 
 d : Other 
 REPLIES. Mass. States, Totals. 
 
 Congeleges in full. 
 A. Yes. ° ° e : ° ° e ° ° - @ =>. 
 B. No 4 : : ; ; ; - 5 86 91 
 C. Could not answer definitely : : : : : A - 
 D. Noreply. . . r : . - - ; : ep oe 
 
 Totals . ° : ‘ 4 : ° ° . « | 586%) 2107) 246 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 B. We think the best skilled labor still remains in Massachu- 
 setts, as the work is easier, and the prices paid about the 
 same or more than in other States . r ‘ * : 1 - 1 
 
 Has it enabled you to draw skilled labor from Massachusetts? 
 
 dee 
 
 REPLIES. Me, Nw. | Rate) Conn.) N.Y. |\Totals: 
 Sie iets eR 
 A. Yes ° ‘ - “ 1 - 3 + - 8 
 B. No. . - 27 25 12 26 9) 95 
 C. Could not answer definitely. a : 3 - 3 8 - 14 
 D. No reply : ; ~ e - - - 42 51 93 
 
 mf a ee OO 
 
 Totals . . . . : aa ok 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 
 a Enna ESEERnESE 
 
80 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. Me. N.H. | R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. Yes, an overseer; he ad more pay 
 
 here . “ ; - - 1 - 1 
 Yes, some weavers come; we have 
 
 doubled our capacity, and most of 
 
 them have come from there ~ ~ ~ 1 - 1 
 
 Yes; I have thirty Dae who 
 came from there : - - - 1 - 1 
 
 Yes; I think skilled labor can. earn 
 more here than there; our beamer 
 tenders can earn more here than in 
 Holyoke or Housatonic . : . - - 
 
 B. No; quite the reverse . 3 
 
 No; operatives earn as much there in 
 ten hours as here ineleven. - - 
 
 Our labor comes to us voluntarily, 
 and but very little from out of the 
 State . - 
 
 No; never had the reason alleged, 
 though if it was the real reason it 
 would not be likely to be given 
 
 No; help comes from Rhode Island; 
 J have had men say, ‘* We can work 
 in Massachusetts ten hours, and get 
 the same pay as you would give,” 
 but never the other way . 
 
 C. We know of no more influence “from 
 there than from any other State 
 
 This mill actually runs 70 hours per 
 week, but the extra ten hours are 
 paid for extra 
 
 I think the ten-hour law of Massa- 
 chusetts gives us an ng om as 
 farasit goes. 
 
 The most skilled labor go for the 
 short hours; pay is about the same 
 here as there 
 
 We always have help enough; can- 
 not say that many come from that 
 direction, but presume there are 
 some . ; ‘ ‘* : 
 
 The Massachusetts ten-hour law 
 makes the men work so hard as 
 to get tired out, and fret, and strike; 
 nine-tenths of the strikes are caused 
 
 I ~ 
 | 1 
 
 1 | on | 
 _ —- ee 
 1 1 1 
 i - — 
 
 i 
 —_ 
 
 | 
 
 ! 
 
 | 
 — 
 
 4 i} 
 
 1 | 
 ee | 
 
 1 a 
 
 ! ' 
 — = 
 
 i 
 
 ! 
 
 j 
 ry 
 
 ! 
 — 
 
 — 
 ! 
 i 
 I 
 i} 
 — 
 
 ! 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 — 
 
 J 
 — 
 
 —_ 
 I 
 | 
 ! 
 i) 
 — 
 
 by this law ‘ qo le ~ - 1 - 1 
 The drive and strictness under ten 
 
 hours is much greater than here, 
 
 so as to make a man, who is an 
 
 overseer, hard and cruel . fF : - - - 1 ~ 1 
 
 LL SSD 
 
 REPLIES. Mass ~ Totals 
 * | States 
 CaaS in full. 
 A. Yes e e e e e e e e e e — 8 8 
 B. No . : ; . , “ : : 1 95 $6 
 GC. Could not answer definitely . 4 . : . . . 2 14 16 
 D. Noreply . . ‘ ; A a : - : Be ag 93 | 126 
 
 . eke : ° -| 386 | 210 | 246 
 a a ea 
 
 LORRIB’ "Spi eens a’ ata eke 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 81 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 Has it enabled you to undersell Massachusetts manufacturers ? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H. | R. 1. |} Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 SA tanta in fal 
 A. Yes H ¢ ; 2 4 2 4 1 13 
 B. No : oS, er) 20 12 34 3 89 
 C. Could not answer ‘definitely’ 5 : g 1 2 “ 1 22 
 D. No reply ‘ . 3 A . - - - 2 33 51 86 
 
 Totals . . . . : . a eed | 25 18 80 56 210 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. I could undersell them two cents oe 
 
 yard . = ue ae 1 2 1 
 Think it has enabled us to do a ‘more 
 profitable business . 1 - ~ - - 1 
 
 Possibly, in so far as Rhode Island 
 can manufacture cheaper than Mas- 
 sachusetts mills ; - - 1 - - 1 
 
 I think we undersell them a little. 
 We don’t sell ourselves, but through 
 commission house in New York _ . - _ - 1 - 1 
 Only so far as it has enabled us to 
 produce goods of same class for less 
 cost for labor per dozen . i - 1 - ~ = 
 It has not been used for that pure 
 pose . - - 1 - ~ 
 We are not selling same goods at a 
 lower price than Massachusetts : - - = 
 C. We have not tried it . - ‘ - - 1 
 There is no standard of comparison ; ~ - = 
 Have not compared cost with mills on 
 same style of goods . - - - 
 Possibly, when mills are older. than ; 
 ours, and vice versa . - | = - 
 
 The Massachusetts mills generally set 
 
 the price. The mill that runs 60 
 hours has an advantage . ; 1 - - - - 1 
 
 " 
 
 Se — pete 
 ae | 
 a ee oe ee 
 
 Other 
 
 States. Totals. 
 
 REPLIES. Mass. 
 
 Sia carat in full. 
 ey OS » . ° - ‘ 2 : : E : 2 13 15 
 B. No e ° ° ° ° ° ° = 
 C. Could not answer definitely « : - : : : : 1 22 23 
 D. Noreply. s , : ‘ 3 : ; . .| 33 86 ; 119 
 
 Totals. - : A Zz : RE 2 - z é 86 210 246 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 A. Massachusetts manufacturers can be undersold ey thoas | in 
 States where longer hours arerun . é 2 - 2 
 
82 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 Physically, what effect would less hours have upon employes? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N. H.| R.I. | Conn.| N.Y. | Totals. 
 
 Condensed, in ae aN 
 A. A good effect : : - 6 
 B. A bad effect . ° : ; - : 2 10 
 C.. No effect : . me ees oe 1 
 D. Could not answer definitely 5 3 5 
 E. No reply ‘ = : - 3 
 
 Totals . A ; : ; : él 25 18 
 
 A. It has been beneficial. (Runs ten 
 hours) 
 Physically, it would be a ‘great im- 
 provement . - - - 
 It would be of great benefit to them, 
 especially to the women and chil- 
 dren . ee er 2 1 
 Beneficial ; our help are all native 
 Americans, and nearly all steady . 1 
 They would not be so tired with less 
 hours. 1 
 I think it would be good for the help 
 physically; my own idea is, that 
 ten hours is enough for a mill. : - 
 They would feel better and start work 
 a little easier . - 
 Good for girls who work all night in 
 the mill, and then cook and “wash 
 all day for the rest of the family 
 who work in mill during the day . 1 
 Ten hours are enough; the operatives 
 are better off ene that time 
 than eleven . - 
 We find the operativ es are ‘more able 
 to work steadily under ten than 
 eleven hours. ‘ ; : - 
 I should say beneficial ; more con- 
 tented; when paid for extra time 
 they cannot make extra product 
 more than a very shorttime . - 
 I think our help will live longer here 
 under eleven hours than in the big 
 mills under ten hours; still, I think 
 that less hours would be beneficial ; 
 and ten hours here would be better 
 than eleven ° - - ~ 
 It would be good for them eventually ; : 
 I for one should be glad to give 
 them opportunities, no matter how 
 they used them at first . - Oe 
 Beneficial to women and children, 
 unless the speed of machinery is 
 increased to such an extent as to 
 more than counterbalance the good | ! 
 effect . : ~ - 1 
 Beneficial to those who improve ‘their 
 time profitably; but, as a general 
 thing, they would smoke instead of | 
 ehewing tobacco, and what the real 
 difference would be I cannot tell ,. “ - - 
 
 In detail, in part. | 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 83 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANvuFacTurERS — Continued. 
 I 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 R. 1. 
 
 Conn. | N. Y. meres 
 
 In the card room and weave room it 
 would prove a benefit; once we ran 
 a whole season but nine hours, and 
 I never was in the house before ten 
 o’clock, and a more used-up set of 
 help you never saw . r ; : 
 B. It would give them more time to pass 
 in idleness : : ; ; 
 Our employés being mostly male, they 
 would derive no benefit . - Ps 
 In the main injurious, so many waste 
 their strength . : - 4 . 
 “They would loaf around liquor 
 shops, and waste God’s daylight” . 
 It would, in my opinion, be an injury, 
 for the reason that they would work 
 harder : . : : ‘ 
 Can be no benefit; the mule spinners 
 get out at 2 o’clock on Saturday, 
 and they make the most trouble 
 It would be an injury, fora cause that 
 is apparent to every manufacturer, 
 and the help would work harder 
 It would have a worse effect to work 
 ten than eleven hours; it would 
 give more opportunity for dissipa- 
 tion . ‘ : ; : : - 
 It. depends upon the location and the 
 class of people; once it would have 
 been a benefit, now it would not; 
 five-eighths of our employés are 
 French ‘ . - ‘ P 
 In a large proportion of cases the 
 extra hour out of the mill would be 
 injurious; that is my experience 
 during twenty years in charge of 
 mills . : P = a ; : 
 It would be injurious to their health, 
 giving them more time to spend in 
 grog-shops and in dissipation ; better 
 classes would be at a loss as to how 
 to spend their spare time . : 
 C. Our help are particularly healthy 
 We cannot perceive any difference, for 
 we have help working on an aver- 
 age ten hours a day now . ‘ ‘ 
 Labor is now so easy, running with 
 improved machinery, and the mills 
 are so well ventilated, that less 
 hours would have no perceptible 
 effect . . - ‘ - P . 
 I do not think it would have any; to 
 many it would be an injury; some 
 are not near so fit to work Monday 
 mornings . - ° © - ° 
 None, in our opinion; many that now 
 work overtime when requested, ap- 
 pear not to suffer from it. : : 
 From twelve and one-half to eleven, 
 and from eleven to ten hours, no 
 especial improvement in the opera- 
 tives was perceived; our help have 
 always been a healthy body of 
 people . . - : : A 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
84 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 Heenan EERE EEE 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H. | R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 D. Little effect. (Runs 60 hours per 
 week) - - ~ ~ 1 1 
 Ten hours are long enough. "(Runs 60 
 hours per week) - - ~ l 1 2 
 It depends entirely on how they use 
 their leisure. - 4 ~ ~ ~ 4 
 It is hard to say, but T do “not think 
 there would be any material change, | “1 ~ - - - 1 
 
 Do not know as they are any better 
 off now, at eleven hours, than they 
 
 were when we used to run twelve . ~ ~ - - 2 2 
 
 _ Good homes, early to bed, and clean 
 
 mills do more for the health of the 
 
 operatives. than any practicable 
 
 change of hours could. 5 . - - - - 1 1 
 
 REPLIES. Mass Statics Totals 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. A good effect . : : 3 ; . ; . - : 5 83 88 
 B. A bad effect . A " 2 : i . : 5 ¢ - 3l dl 
 C. No effect. : 4 ; 5 4 2 | oak 53 
 D. Could not answer definitely . ° - 4 : : 4 - 34 34 
 
 E. Noreply. - : : 4 : 4 : : Pe es 11 40° 
 Totals . ; . : é ; , psp : -| 386 | 210 | 246 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 
 A. It has been a great benefit . 1 - 1 
 There is much less sickness, and they work more days i in a 
 year; : - 1 
 The women ‘and childr en have ‘improved materially in 
 health and appearance 2 - 2 
 
 Undoubtedly 60 hours per week is beneficial in many if 
 not in all respects, the only exception arising from what 
 they do the other es which is outside the present 
 question A > " : ‘ “ : = ° 1 - 1 
 
 . 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 85 
 
 STATEMENTS OF Manuracturers — Continued. 
 
 From what is known, what proportion of the employés in this factory 
 would make good use of more leisure time? 
 
 REPLIES. Mer | No He | Ros Conn. |) N.Y. |Totals: 
 Condensed, in bese 
 B. The majority would 3 5 5 7 5 3 3l 24 ve 
 C. About half would : 3 - - 4 4 11 
 D. Between 10 per cent and 50 per cent . 10 4 1 12 2 29 
 K. Less than 10 per cent - ° - 2 1 - ~ 3 
 KF. Only the women would sok, % - 1 - 5 1 7 
 G. Very few ‘ 1 8 9 12 3 33 
 H. Could not answer definitely : 6 5 ki 9 8 29 
 I. No reply ; : : Q . ay - 3 3 3 13 
 Totals . E : . - : 31 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. I do not know of one that would 
 abuse the time, for most of them 
 own houses and lots, and. they 
 would spend it in working about | 
 the house andin the garden . - 1 - 2 3 6 
 Not one of my help would waste their 
 leisure; they are Americans . . - - - 1 - 1 
 
 All would; our help, after supper, 
 go out to walk; the girls are all 
 neatly dressed, and the men sober. 
 (Runs ten hours) . - - - - 1 } 
 
 Girls would learn more of house- 
 keeping, and the majority would 
 make good use; few would be in 
 saloons, but rather at home read- 
 ing the papers and otherwise im- 
 proving the time - - - ~ 1 ] 
 
 B. Very few but what would make a 
 good use of their time; we have 
 very few intemperate operatives, 
 
 and the majority read and study . - 1 - ~ 6 < 
 A majority; all pretty well behaved; 
 
 a good many single men who work e 
 
 night and day . ‘ ~ ~ - - 1 1 
 
 A majority; it would be beneficial 
 to the females and slightly detri- 
 mental to the males . - - - ~ 1 1 
 
 A little more sleep and recreation ; 
 a decided majority would make 
 good use of theirtime . - - - jee 1 1 
 
 The majority would make innocent 
 use; the boys get their supper and 
 spend time away from home; two- 
 thirds go to evening school . : - ~ - ~ 1 1 
 
 Our hands are most. all temperate ; 
 there are but very few that would 
 make bad use of it; we have a 
 very steady class of help . ~ ~ ot ee eb 1 
 
 C. From one-quarter to one- third would 
 really make good use of their extra 
 time to improve themselves . - - - - 1 1 
 
 A part of the men would take care ‘ 
 of their gardens, another part would 
 be lounging around saloons and 
 stores; the women, as a rule would 
 make the best use of their time . - - - - 2 2 
 
86 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 REPLIES. N. H. | R.¥. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 D. Less than one-quarter; if we had 
 night schools, it would be a grand 
 thing - - 2 1 3 
 F. Only the women “would; a majority 
 of the men do not make a eet 
 use of their leisure time - - 9) 1 6 
 G. The majority would not; our. help 
 ismostly French. - - 5 - 5 
 H. The majority are better off in the 
 mill than out of it - - 1 - 1 
 We are not acquainted with the life 
 of our people outside Ow York 
 City) . - - - 1 1 
 Saturdays, Sundays, ‘and "Mondays 
 are our worst days . - - i 1 2 
 We have less trouble with the help 
 outside the mill than cea 
 (Runs ten hours) ~ ~ 1 - i 
 Our help is hurt more ’ by ‘their 
 night work — dancing, etc. — than 
 by extra labor . : ~ - - 1 1 
 They play and work at home; those 
 inclined to go to gin-mills would = - 1 - 1 
 I do not think that: any of them need 
 any more rest than they get; we 
 have not lost a weaver for twenty- 
 five years, because we do not light 
 up in the winter : - - 1 - 1 
 I believe that many who now make 
 bad use of their leisure would im- 
 prove if they had more; but this 
 would be gradual, and ae 
 about by various causes . s 1 - - - 1 
 the 
 REPLIES. Mass States.| Potals 
 eee mn ie 
 A. All would . 1 15 16 
 B. The majority would . . . ‘ ~ 70 70 
 C. About half would . x - Il 11 
 D. Between 10 per cent and 50 per cent : 1 29 30 
 E. Less than 10 per cent ~ 3 3 
 KF. Only the women would . 5 - 7 y 
 G. Very few : 3 33 36 
 H. Could not answer definitely . . 5 3 29 32 
 I. Noreply . 3 é ‘. : ; 28 13 41 
 Totals 386 | 210 | 246 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 87 
 
 What is the prevailing opinion among the employés as to a ten- 
 
 hour law ? 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Condensed, in eae 
 Favorable. a 3 : 
 Unfavorable. ‘ 
 Day hands favor it, piece ‘hands do 
 
 not 
 
 No opinion expres ressed . F P z 
 Could not answer definitely 
 Noreply . : F 
 Totals. - 7 . - . 
 In detarl, in part. 
 The majority would prefer it, if the 
 
 pay was not reduced 
 
 They all favor it and are anxious to 
 have it established 
 
 I cannot get anybody to work over 
 ten hours. (Runs ten hours.) 
 
 Some of our overseers are from Mas- 
 sachusetts, and talk it among the 
 employés and create a desire for it, 
 
 None of the operatives want to go 
 back to eleven hours; I do not 
 think, if we should increase the pay 
 ten per cent, that they would con- 
 sent. (Runs ten hours) 
 
 No desire for it outside of English- 
 men . 
 
 The operatives want no interference 
 by law with their hours of labor 
 
 The best help want nothing of the kind, 
 
 No opinion expressed; they seem to 
 be satisfied with our present time 
 
 The question has never been agitated ; 
 the help are willing to work over- 
 time . 
 
 The desire for less hours seldom ap- 
 pears except among the least indus- 
 trious ‘ 
 
 I think they would do as we wished . - 
 
 The intelligent help know that less 
 hours means less pay : 
 
 Massachusetts is very near here, and 
 I know of no one who has left us to 
 avail himself of shorter hours . 
 
 Me, Ne Ee 
 gee? 
 dia 
 a0 Be 
 70 Weng 
 ules 
 
 aie ont 
 wit 
 aL 
 reer 
 1 i 
 
 R. I. 
 
 DN 
 
 18 
 
 Conn. 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 34 
 10 
 16 
 
 80 
 
 bo | 
 
 Nake 
 
 9 
 1 
 1 
 16 
 11 
 18 
 
 56 
 
 Totals. 
 
 RSE FPR ET SO Pa RR AS A RSE PS RS SENET SP EBL SE I ES EE EE ET SE EE 
 
 Other | 
 REPLIES. Mass. States. Totals 
 anise in Jul. 
 
 A. Favorable. - < . 3 50 53 
 B. Unfavorable . ~ ~ 12 12 
 C. Day hands favor it, piece hands do not. : - 10 10 
 D. No opinion expressed P ‘ ‘ - 66 66 
 KE. Could not answer definitely . : - 35 35 
 KH. No reply - 2 : 33 37 70 
 
 36. | 210 | 246 
 
 Totals . A A 
 
88 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 Do they, or not, desire legal regulation of the hours of labor? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H.| R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 Sctiasstbony mn. py 
 ‘As Yes. ey : ; 4 7 5 ~ 1 hy 
 B. No . A oil See 7 2 4 1 1 15 
 C. No opinion expressed . . . 3 7 3 4 2 19 
 D. Could not answer definitely ‘ sii ead 5 2 5 - 28 
 E. No reply : é 2 : 6 4 4 70 52 | 186 
 
 ee ESSE ee 
 
 Totals. : : ° . mae ¥h 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 A. They do; and for my part I think ten 
 hours a day is enough for any man 
 to work. 1am in favor of a United 
 States ten-hour law: we should all 
 be better off, and Pee as sane 
 goods in a year. : - 
 
 B. No; there is too much law now . : 1 = - - - 
 
 D. Most of my operatives insist on being 
 allowed to work as many hours as 
 they please : _- 1 - - - 1 
 
 I think they would rather work twelve 
 hours for the extra pay than feat 
 donotthink they care .  . 1 ~ = - - 1 
 
 —_ 
 ! 
 i] 
 ! 
 — 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Tea ee: in full. 
 
 As ey-e5.- ‘ : ; : ‘ves . : d ‘ 3 t7 20 
 B. No. ‘ ‘ “| 5 : ; ‘ - 15 15 
 C. No opinion expressed : . i 4 ; : : - 19 19 
 D. Could not answer definitely . . . ‘ j . . - 23 23 
 KE. No reply : : ‘ ; 2 , - 5 . {| 33. | 186 169 
 
 Totals . 2 : : ; : ‘ : s ; 386 =| 210 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 89 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 What reasons do they (the employes) give for their opinion? 
 REPLIES. Mes i Nails |) Rone Conn.) N.-Y¥< iPotals: 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Self-improvement . .) es - 1 - - 4 
 B. Think 10 hours enough . | - 1 - = 1 2 
 C. Earn as much as now .-}In favor? | *- 1 - - - 1 
 D. Extra pay for extra hours, 1 1 1 | 1 - 4 
 K. Would make uniformity . - - - - 1 1 
 KF. No opinion expressed . - 5 2 1 1 | 10 
 G. Did not answer eae : 2 3 4 1 1 11 
 H. No reply ‘ 17 15. 10 77 52 171 
 AA. Satisfied with - present ) 
 Be ae oe 3 1 - - 4 
 . Non-interference with 
 personal liberty . ; Against - 1 - - ~ 1 
 CC. The intelligent know it | 
 means less pay . J = - 1 - - 1 
 Totals . : ° 4 : dl 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. Those who desire a ten-hour law pro- 
 fess that they want the extra time 
 for improvement ; 2 - ~ - - 2 
 They would like more time to rest 
 and think . ~ - 1 - 1 
 Some say they want an opportunity 
 for improvement, some think they 
 will get_as much pay for.ten as they 
 do for eleven hours, and some want 
 to work as little as possible 1 - - - - 1 
 B. They say they are not able to work 
 any longer than mechanics, and, 
 if mechanics work ten hours, why 
 should we eleven ? - - = - 1 1 
 They think ten hours are enough for F 
 a day’s work, but they need a law 
 to establish it; nothing is more ab- 
 surd than to talk about factory 
 operatives making their own bar- 
 gains . - : = ; . : - 1 - - - 1 
 D. They contend, that, if the limit is 
 but ten hours, they can work one 
 or two or more extra hours and 
 be paid for the extra time, which 
 is now included in their present 
 pay . ‘ : ; : : 3 4 1 - 1 - 3 
 G. Do not know; they do not exercise 
 nor do they possess reason - - - 1 - 1 
 AA. Being well satisfied, ack seek no 
 change Pe raener “ : 3 1 - - - 4 
 
90 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 SS 
 
 Other 
 REPLIES. Mass. States.| Fotals. 
 ee OE eee 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Self-improvement : (4, Sas 4 5 
 B. Think 10 hours enough . | ~ 2 2 
 C. Earn as much as now - ; In favor : s - 1 1 
 D. Extra pay for extra hours, ( — 4 4 
 EK. Would make uniformity . } - 7 1 
 KF. No opinion expressed ; “ 3 : , ‘ . - 10 10 
 G. Did not answer definitely . - 4 : ‘ A : ~ 11 11 
 H. Noreply . : 5 ‘ : F ; - 4 * 380 | 171 | 206 
 AA. Satisfied with present hours, . 4 - 4 | 4 
 BB. Non-interference with personal liberty, > Against . - 1 1 
 CC. The intelligent know it means less pay, - 1 1 
 Totals . 5 . : 5 . i Fr . 386 | 210 | 246 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 A. Less fatigue, more time for recreation, more leisure for 
 improvement . ; : 4 ; : “ 4 : 1 - “ 
 
 So far as quality and quantity are concerned, how does the product 
 of the last hours of the day compare with that of the Jirst or the 
 middle hours of the day? 
 
 ee 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N. H.} BR. 1. | Conn.) N, Youotals: 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Quality and quantity superior 1 | - 5 4 ll 
 B. Quality and quantity poorer 3 1 my | 1 10 20 
 C. No difference : : : oe ok 21 16 52 33 149 
 D. Did not answer definitely . - ag - - 5 3 9 
 E. No reply 5 : 4 ‘ 1 - 1 10 6 18 
 F. Quality same, quantity less 2 ~ 1 ~ 3 
 Totals . 5 ; A 4 Pe ae 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. In the summer time, the last hours 
 are best . 5 : A : ; 1 - - - - b! 
 The last hour’s product is the best in 
 quality and quantity : : * - 1 - 3 2 6 
 The piece workers produce about 
 twenty per cent more the last hour * 
 of the day ‘ : . : : - - ~ - 1 1 
 We get more goods the last hour of 
 the day than in the morning . : ~ ~ ~ 1 - I 
 In machinery it is about the same; a 
 bystander says the last hour gives : 
 thirty per cent more. ; : ; - ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 
 No difference, except that the last 
 hour is always better than the first. 
 I have tried to run overtime, and it 
 did not prove profitable . ea hAre - - - - 1 1 
 B. The middle hour is the best; the last, 
 poorest . eee : : 2 - ~ - - 1 1 
 Work more slack during the last hours, - - = ~ 2 2 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF. LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 In summer, last hour of day drags 
 
 Not so good; not even when we work 
 overtime and pay extra wages 5 
 
 We get the most work off in the fore- 
 noon; the last hours are the poorest, 
 
 The first and last hours produce less ; 
 virtually, we do not produce any 
 thing the last hour in the week 
 
 The quantity of last hour somewhat 
 reduced; work more in forenoon 
 than afternoon; especially is this 
 true of children’s work 
 
 They are generally getting ready to 
 stop work some time before, and it 
 would probably be pus the same 
 with ten hours . 
 
 Never compared them, but. sure they 
 are less; hands always begin to get 
 uneasy during the last hours, and 
 more or less of them will wash up, 
 etc., before time to stop 
 
 About the same; the last hour is best 
 for spinning A 
 
 Not much difference ; when looms, run 
 by gaslight, quality not so good 
 
 No difference; most ipa help 
 work by the piece 
 
 No difference; we find that our drag- 
 ing comes in the middle of the day, 
 
 As a rule, it is fully as good; the mill 
 is in better order — especially in 
 winter — the last hour than the first, 
 
 The last part of the day the Sean 
 runs easier 
 
 The quality we enforce, but ‘believe we 
 get less quantity during last hours, 
 
 I do not know that there is any differ. 
 ence, except that quantity may be a 
 little less the last hour, as the pes 
 gettired . 
 
 Quality the same, quantity less; we 
 have sometimes run overtime, but, 
 after the first few days, we did not 
 produce much more in_ thirteen 
 hours than we usually did in eleven, 
 
 mao 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Condensed, in aes 
 Qnality and quantity superior 
 Quality and quantity poorer . ; 
 No difference . é s 
 - Did not answer definitely ‘ : 
 No reply. - 
 Quality same, quantity less 2 
 
 Totals ‘ - A : 
 
 91 
 
 Conn.| N.Y. | Totals. 
 - i! 1 
 - a 1 
 - 1 it 
 1 - 1 
 — 1 1 
 ~ 1 1 
 - - 1 
 = - 2 
 = 1 i! 
 — - 1 
 i il 2 
 1 - 1 
 il - 1 
 a - 1 
 ] - il 
 = - 1 
 
 1e 
 
 Mass. oe Totals. 
 1 Il 1s 
 i 20 21 
 18 149 167 
 ~ i) 9 
 16 18 34 
 = 3 3 
 386 210 246 
 
92 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 
 If many large mills can be successfully run under 60 hours per 
 
 week, are there any valid reasons why all cannot be so run? 
 SSS 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Me. 
 
 Noch: 
 
 R. I. 
 
 Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 
 a a ee eee 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 Yes - - : : 
 No. 1 ; 5 ‘ 5 
 Depends on circumstances . 
 Could not answer definitely 
 No reply . . . * ‘ 
 
 Totals. - 5 ‘ % 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 Yes; large mills always have an ad- 
 vantage over smail . . . z 
 Yes; outside competition and the 
 desire of help to earn more . : 
 Yes; counting water against cost of 
 steam - . - . . 
 The small mill costs more per product 
 for superintendence, and has not the 
 conveniences of alargeone . . 
 Small mills with old machinery can- 
 not compete with others . : é 
 Yes; large mills can buy stock better, 
 and sell without commission : 
 Yes; for in my opinion a small mill 
 cannot be run at a profit under sixty 
 hours per week . : : - : 
 Yes; the proportion of expenses for 
 running small mills is greater than 
 large . : : ‘ 
 There are mills with old machinery 
 that cannot run at all unless they 
 run twelve hours per day. e < 
 Yes; because one may be successfully 
 run, that is no reason that others 
 can be; it depends on the kind of 
 business and the type and class of 
 people employed : = 4 
 Large mills are usually wealthy, and 
 can put in more machinery and get 
 the production, while small con- 
 cerns cannot afford to increase their 
 machinery, and it would drive small 
 concerns to the wall . : > > 
 No; it is a mere matter of competi- 
 tion > ‘ ‘ : : - 
 No; for if we can compete on 66 
 hours there are no valid reasons 
 why we could not with 60 hours 
 I do not see why a small mill cannot 
 do as well as a large one. : . 
 None except the fact that mills with 
 old machinery cannot compete with 
 new, because they can run from ten 
 to twelve per cent faster . ; 
 Only the difference in cost of freight . 
 Only so far as regards competition 
 with foreign goods . ; 4 ; 
 Possibly not; but unless consumers 
 are willing to pay more for goods 
 the help must be content with lower 
 wages ; ; : . i ; 
 
 1 
 
 8 13 63 
 5 4 19 
 2 1 3 
 52 27 84 
 
 2 4 | 20 
 - > 1 
 m 1 1 
 8 1 9 
 1 eon 
 “ 1 1 
 mara fpr 1 
 il, 2 
 < 1 1 
 < 1 1 
 1 : 1 
 1 - 1 
 mae Ee 1 
 1 2 1 
 1 “ 1 
 ~ dee 1 
 1 a 1 
 - fos 1 
 
 a SSS eceeeeeeeeeee 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 93 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Continued. 
 REPLIES. Meso N:Ho| Rink Conn, N.Y.) |) Lotals: 
 Capacity in managing a mill is of 
 more importance than the difference 
 between ten and eleven hours . - - - = 1 be 
 Depends on what they manufacture; 
 all large mills of this class (paper) 
 run the whole time, except panes 
 with two sets of men ‘ 5 - - 1 - - 1 
 REPLIES. Mass. ee Totals. 
 See in full. 
 A. Yes ° e ° e e = 41 41 
 B. No. - 17 63 80 
 C. Depends on circumstances - 19 19 
 D. Could not answer Sie aN - 3 3 
 HK. No reply A ; 2 19 84 | 103 
 Totals. . ° 2 386 | 210 | 246 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 B. I think ali could be so run if the SeoUEe time was the 
 same in all the States : - oa 1 
 
 Does intemperance have any appreciable effect upon the product of 
 the mill? 
 
 REPLIES. Mes i Neo Re ro Conn. | NoYoul), Totals: 
 Gangened, in full , 
 Ae Yes ° ° ° 2 4 8 25 20 59 
 B. No = 29 21 9 d1 31 141 
 C. Did not answer definitely ° - _ - - 4 4 
 D. Noreply'. . : P 3 - - - 1 4 1 6 
 Totals. - . : 31 25 18 80 56 | 210 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 A. Yes; never knew a mill run but what 
 it did. : ° a - - - 1 - 1 
 It does, fearfully . 4 3 a - = - 1 - 1 
 Sometimes, after pay day . - - 1 - - | 
 
 Yes; we have one spinner who goes 
 
 on a three days’ drunk semi-occa- 
 sionally 1 - - - ~ 1 
 
 It does; but T weed them out as fast 
 as I can : - - - - 2 2 
 
 Yes; it causes us to change our help 
 oftener than otherwise - - 3 - ~ 3 
 
 It does at times; we have to put up 
 with it when help is scarce - 1 - - - 1 
 
94 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF MANUFACTURERS — Concluded. 
 
 LL SS SSS SSS 
 
 REPLIES. N. H. | R.1.*} Conn.) N. Ye) fotals: 
 
 It has none on production, but cost of 
 same is increased by this cause . - ~ 1 - - 1 
 This mill employs three hundred men, 
 and they are a good set of men, but 
 it suffers to the extent of $2,500, an- 
 
 nually, from this cause . ; : - - - 1 ~ 1 
 
 B. No; we do not tolerate it, nor do we 
 employ intemperate people. i 3 6 - - 10 
 
 No; if a man gets drunk his time is 
 out. 3 - : See F - - - 2 ~ 2 
 
 I cannot say as it does, for if one man 
 is out we fill his place with another, - - - 1 - 1 
 
 No; our people have to be straight 
 when they are here, so we do not 
 suffer ; é : . : : - - - - 1 1 
 
 REPLIES. Mass. bays? Totals, ~ 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Yes . . 4 ; : : : f ‘ - . 5 59 64 
 B. No. ; : 4 ; . : : : ; ‘ e748 | Teter 
 C. Did not answer definitely . : a : : é “ - 4 4 
 D. No reply . fc ; ; : . d . : Py ho bs 6 19 
 Totals. : ° : ; : : ‘ -| 386 | 210 | 246 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 A. Intemperance has more or less effect ; ° 5 : A 2 - 2 
 Yes; most of the time there are enough spare hands to 
 substitute for those not at work; intemperance is a great 
 curse to the operatives . : * ‘ : : 1 i! 
 
 Pages 6 to 94 have been devoted to the returns of man- 
 ufacturers, such points as admitted of tabular presentation 
 being given in the tables I. to IV. inclusive. In these tables, 
 the same marginal figure, under each State, indicates the same 
 establishment. For instance, line 20 under Maine, on page 
 6, gives the returns of a woollen factory as regards materials 
 used in the manufacture of flannels; line 20, page 22, gives 
 particulars concerning markets, transportation, and competi- 
 tion for the same establishment; line 20, page 38, informa- 
 tion regarding employés, wages, and hours of labor; and line 
 20, page 50, completes the showing for this establishment 
 by giving the product of looms and spindles. In a similar 
 way, the returns for any one of the 246 establishments 
 represented in the tables may be consolidated. 
 
a 
 
 UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 95 
 
 The statements of manufacturers, pages 62 to 94, are in 
 part tabular, and in part text. The statements of manufac- 
 turers in Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, 
 and New York, 210 in number, are given first in a condensed 
 table, under each inquiry ; then follow statements in detail, 
 the figures in any column giving the number of manufactur- 
 ers in any State who agreed in the nature of their replies. 
 The opinions of the Massachusetts manufacturers, 36 in num- 
 ber, are then presented in a table with the other States, for 
 purposes of comparison as regards each inquiry, followed by 
 the opinions, in detail, of the Massachusetts manufacturers. 
 
96 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 EMPLOYES. 
 
 TaBLe V.—EmpLoyks. Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, 
 etc. MAtNe. 
 
 Hours oF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 
 Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. Piece Chil- | Chil- 
 Work. | Five |OnSat-| Per dren | dren 
 Days. | urday. | Week. Adults.) under | above | Total. 
 10. 10. 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Card grinder : sy hay. far ak 11 66 1 - - 1 
 2 | Card grinder - | Day 11 ll 66 2 2 1 5 
 3 | Card grinder . oi} Day oy 1 Il |- 66 2 2 - 4 
 4 | Card grinder : rm fe 8 cen ae 11 66 2 - - 2 
 5 | Cloth hauler a Day edt 11 66 2 ls - 3 
 6 | Drawer in of warp . Piece, fl 1l 66 1 - Cs | 
 7 | Laborer in card room .| Day .| 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 8 | Loom fixer . A th aVirs ase 11 66 1 - - 1 
 2 -Ofler’ : F Say Mere 11 66 2 - ~ 2 
 10 | Picker . . ; va es 11 66 2 1 2 5 
 al) | Picker . : : ~ 7 Day ves 1t i 66 i = - 1 
 12 | Picker . : é vf (AoE wh hae 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 13 | Section hand ‘ oo | Day -scpalh ll 66 2 2 . (2am 5 
 14 | Spinner : “ : Piece, 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 15 | Spinner : K sh UPieees tant 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 16 | Spinner sta - | Piece, It il 66 1 ~ - 1 
 17 | Spinner c Z . | Piece, 11 11 66 1 ~ - 1 
 18 | Spinner ‘ ; . | Piece, 11 Il 66 ‘4 ~ - 1 
 19 | Spinner : : - | Piece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 20 | Spinner ; - » | F 1eCe, 12 12 72 1 _ - 1 
 21 | Spinner : : - | Piece, a 11 66 1 - - 1 
 22 | Spinner ‘ j . | Piece, Ga ll 66 3 = 1 4 
 23 | Spinner : : - | Piece, 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 24 | Spinner 3 «+ Viera, A ies 66 1 - ~ 1 
 25. | Spinner, mule : v1 SP ieee, 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 26 | Spinner, mule. - | Piece, 11 11 66 2 - 2 4 
 27 | Spinner, mule. . | Piece, i 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 28 | Spinner, mule . . | Piece, 11 ll 66 2 1 - 3 
 29 | Spinner, mule. - | Piece, int 11 66 2 - - 2 
 380 | Weaver “ : sper iece, 11 1l 66 2 - 2 + 
 ol | Weaver 3 . «| DB¥ee1 A 11 66 1 ~ - 1 
 32 | Weaver . 4 - | Piece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 33 | Weaver ; : -.| Piece, 11 ll 66 2 2 = 4 
 34 | Weaver “ : - | Piece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 35 | Weaver ‘ . | -Piece, 11 ll 66 1 - - 1 
 36 | Weaver 3 - | Piece, 11 ll 66 1 - - 1 
 37 | Weaver s : . | Piece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 38 | Weaver 5 : ot Dayrecr oil 11 66 1 I - 2 
 39 | Weaver A ° + | Pieee, a: ll 66 J - - 1 
 40 | Weaver ° - | Piece, 11 11 66 ul ~ - 1 
 4] | Weaver - : - | Piece, if 11 66 2 2 - a 
 42 | Weaver : = - | Piece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 TABLE V.— Emptoris. 
 
 ae 
 
 Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, 
 MAINE. 
 
 etc. 
 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. 
 
 Cost oF LIVING. 
 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED 3 3 nd =m 
 DURING THE YEAR. al Fai) Suse 24 a 
 Bet ee ote lOinees | Toinlsi esis eee (easel = 
 Week. | Year. oe Sat sae Sma 
 - - $9 50 | $494 _ $494 ~ 2 a $374 1 
 A few days.  Sick- 
 ness and rest. 9 50 494 | $200 694 - - - 700 | 2 
 Lost time from sick- 
 ness - Z ° 9 50 480 - 480 - = = 480 | 3 
 One week. Unem- 
 ployed . F eon OO 480 | 480 960 = = = 600} 4 
 = - 7 00 300 = 300 = = = 800 | 5 
 - - 6 00 300 == 300 o - | $300 = 6 
 = - 6 00 MAA OT) 572 = = = Dione o 
 = = 9 50 475 — 475 = = = 800 | 8 
 - _ 6 00 296 | 240 536 - = = 400 | 9 
 - = 8 00 400 | 300 700 = = oo 500 | 10 
 = = 8 00 400 - 400 & = os 3800 | 11 
 - - 6 00 300 = 300 = = = 3800 | 12 
 - = 9 00 468 - 468 = oa = 468 | 13 
 Two weeks. Vaca- 
 tion < a AS, 500 - 500 = = = 400 | 14 
 - - 9 50 500 | 300 800 = = - 600 | 15 
 Three months. Un- 
 employed 9 00 324 - 324 - - - | 16 
 = _ 6 00 3800 = 300 = = a 3800 | 17 
 = = 5 00 250 - 250 = = 250 | 18 
 One month. Unem- 
 ployed . : “ 5 60 270 - 270 a = = 270 
 Two months. Unem- 
 ployed . i 8 00 347 - 347 - = 347 | 20 
 - _- 10 00 500 ~ 500 - = = 400 | 21 
 Nine weeks. Unem- 
 ployed . A - | 10 00 460 ; 200 660 = - - 660 | 22 
 Three weeks. Sick- 
 ness . A Oey D 550 - 550 - = - 550 | 23 
 Six weeks. Vacation} 9 50 400 _ 460 = - 400 | 24 
 Three weeks. Vaca- 
 tion ; ; 9 50 450 = 450 = - = 450 | 25 
 = - 10 00 600 100 600 = = = 600 | 26 
 One month. Sick- 
 ness ‘ F ELOEOO 450 = 450 = = = 600 | 27 
 Two weeks. - Vaca- 
 tion ; ; Sr elOr00 500 75 575 - — - 500 | 28 
 - = 10 00 500 os 500 - - - 500 | 29 
 = ~ TOU: o2001 150 475 - - - 400 | 30 
 Six weeks. Sickness 6 50 300 = 300 = = = 800 | 31 
 One weck . 8 00 400 - 400 - = = 400 | 32 
 - - 7 00 850 | 200 550 - - - 550 | 33 
 = - 6 50 325 - 825 = = - 320F) o4 
 = = 6 00 800 - 800 i = - 300 | 85 
 One month.  Sick- 
 ness - s . 6°75 325 - 825 = = - 825 | 36 
 Three weeks. Vaca- 
 tion : A ars OND 3800 = 300 = - - 300 | 37 
 - - 6 50 825 = 825 =: = - 3825 | 38 
 = - 6 00 800 - 3800 ea - = 3800 | 39 
 ~ - 7 50 375 = 3875 - - - 310))| 40 
 Six weeks. Sickness 8 60 400 200 600 - = - 3800 | 41 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness ‘ ae ES 8) 3800 = 300 - - - 800 | 42 
 
98 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TasLe V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. MAINE 
 
 — Concluded. 
 Hours oF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or J 
 OCCUPATIONS. Piece Chil- | Chil- 
 Work. | Five |OnSat-| Per dren | dren 
 Days. | urday. | Week. Adults. peri fet Total. 
 Wool. 
 43 | Spinner ; ; . | Pieee, 11 11 66 2 1 3 6 
 44 | Spinner . § - | Piece, 11 11 66 2 2 - 4 
 45 | Spinner 4 ; - | Piece, 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 46 | Spinner Q 4 . | Piece, 11 11 66 3 - - 3 
 47 | Weaver . . . | Piece, 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 48 | Weaver . ° . | Piece, 11 ll 66 2 i - 3 
 49 | Weaver ‘ 4 . | Piece, 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 50 | Weaver : 5 . | Piece, 11 lI 66 2 - - 2 
 51 | Weaver . = . | Piece, 11 11 66 1 ~ - 1 
 52 | Weaver : : . | Pisce; 11 ll 66 2 - ~ 2 
 Paper. 
 53 | Foreman in rag room. | Day. | 12 12 72 2 i! - 3 
 New HaAmpsHIre. 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Card grinder . 2} aye 1l ll 66 1 - - 1 
 2 | Card grinder ° - + Day. 11 11 66 2 3 - 5 
 3 | Elevator man ; -| Day. 11 ius 66 1 - - 3 
 4 | Fireman : ‘ . | Daye. | 11d-| 11d, 69 2 2 - 4 
 5 | Laborer, card room .| Day. 11 11 66 2 - | - 2 
 6 | Laborer, card room .| Day . 11 11 66 1 2 - 3 
 7 | Loom fixer . . . + Days 114 84 | 643 2 -. - 2 
 8 | Loom fixer . : » + Day ils 84 | 649 2 = - 2 
 9 | Loom fixer . . .| Day. 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 10 | Loom fixer . : er) aa. 114 84 | 643 2 - - 2 
 11 | Marker, cloth . o + Day 11 ll 66 2 1 - 2 
 12 | Picker . : +2 es Day. 11 Fy 66 2 - - 2 
 13 | Second hand ‘ >) Daye ll li 66 2 2 - 4 
 14 | Slasher’ : : o4 Day scout 11 66 2 - - 2 
 15 | Spinner ; . - Day 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 16 | Spinner . . - + Piece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 17 | Spinner, mule. . | Piece, ll 11 66 2 - - 2 
 18 | Warper Al . . | Piece, 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 19 | Weaver 5 . . wDay:. 11 el 66 1 = - 1 
 20 | Weaver ‘ ‘ . | Piece, 11 Il 66 2 1 - 3 
 21 | Weaver : . - | Piece, ll 11 66 4 2 - 6 
 22 | Weaver a - . | Piece, 11 11 66 2 2 - 4 
 23 | Weaver 5 . . | Piece, 11 11 66 2 2 - 4 
 24 | Weaver ‘ . . | Piece, 11 11 66 2 2 ~ 4 
 25 | Weaver : . «|. Piece, | “114 84 | 64%) 2 |] .1 - 3 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 99 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, ete. Mate 
 
 — Concluded. 
 SS 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY Cost oF LIVING. 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY, i, an a al eee ees 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED ; 3 D o Ho 
 ES i mA, Sp 
 DURING THE YEAR, 4 mie Wh litem ay | ec pelion 
 ; Per Per as 2ea ZE4 a z 
 Week. Vent Others.| Totals. 5 se age Sas Em 
 il Ge a ee 
 ~ - $8 50 $375 300 | $675 = - - $500 | 43 
 Six weeks. Sick- i 
 ness . : Feed res: 425 - 425 = - - 495 | 44 
 - - 9.00 450 - 450 = - - 450 | 45 
 - = 10 00 500 = 500 =. as - 500 | 46 
 - ~ 10 00 400 - 400 ~ -~ - 400 | 47 
 Two weeks. Vaca- 
 tion : ; ; 8 50 400 = 400 _ _- - 400 | 48 
 - - 7 00 364 100 464 = — - 3850 | 49 
 - - 7 00 364 250 614 - - - 450 | 50 
 — - 6 00 3800 = 300 — - - 300 | 51 
 - = 11 00 500 - 500 = - ~ 000 | 52 
 = - 10 00 500 - 500 _ ~- - 500 | 53 
 
 Nrw Hampsuirer. 
 
 = = $9 00 | $468 = $468 = = = $280 | 1 
 = = 9 00 468 - 468 - = - 300 | 2 
 A short vacation . 6 60 300 = 800 - - m 300 3 
 = ~ 9 60 500 - = = - - / 450 | 4 
 = = 6 00 312 | $312 624 - - - 624) 5 
 = - 6 60 343 - 343 - a = 3800 | 6 
 = - 11 10 577 - 577 - - BET 
 Se - 10 50 546 = 546 - - = 400 | 8 
 = - 9 60 498 - 498 = - - = 9 
 = - 11 40 593 - 593 - - - 550 | 10 
 A few weeks. Sick- 
 ness : é - | 13 60 690 a 690 - = - 690 | 11 
 A few days. Vaca- 
 tion 5 ‘ oi 4200 875 - 31a = - - 350 | 12 
 = - 12 00 600 =: 600 - 2 = 500 | 13 
 = = 10 80 562 | 300 862 = - - 400 | 14 
 Two weeks. Vaca- 
 tion 3 12 00 600 - 600 = = - 400 | 15 
 Five weeks. Vaca- 
 tion ; : -| 6 00 280 = 280 zs = - 280 | 16 
 Seven weeks. Va- 
 cation. . _ - | 11 00 500 = 500 - = = 340 | 17 
 Three months. 
 Sickness , - | 600 250 = 250 a = = 250 | 18 
 - = 6 60 O48 a 343 - |$2 50) - 225 | 19 
 Three weeks. Sick- 
 ness Z ; tft °9700 400 = 400 =, - = - | 20 
 = = 8 00 408 | 270 678 = - = - | 21 
 Two weeks. Death 
 in family i -t 8 50 400 os 400 - = - - | 22 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness = 5 patel ty Ono 385 | 200 585. = = - 3850 | 23 
 Hight weeks. Sick- 
 ness “ . oh SRoe 436 = 436 — - - 3800 | 24 
 Two months and a 
 half. Sickness .| 6 00 312 = 812 - - - B12 | 25 
 
100 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. New 
 HampsHiIrE — Continued. 
 
 Hours oF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. Piece Chil- | Chil- 
 Work. | Five |OnSat-| Per dren | dren 
 Days. | urday. | Week. Adults. a above | Total. 
 
 26 | Weaver ' : . | Piece, | 114 84 | 643 1 1 I 3 
 27 | Weaver : ~4 Piece; ll 11 66 1 - ~ 1 
 28 | Weaver 3 : yal POCO Sin Ae 11 66 4 - 3 7 
 29 | Weaver ; ou Ieee, Tt ll 66 2 2 is 5 
 30 | Weaver ; : 1 Piece, ddd olay 69 2 1 - 3 
 31 | Weaver wk atts Peta Pieeea Aleph oe 1 ~ - 1 
 32 | Weaver it . | Piece, | 114) Wd | 69 2 2 - 4 
 33 | Weaver = ; . | Piece, | 114] 114 | 69 1 - ~ 1 
 34 | Weaver . : og Pieces |) 21a),  LTae: 26o 1 - ~ L 
 35 | Weaver ‘ 3 - 4 Piece, 11 i 66 1 - 1 
 36 | Weaver : : . | Day .7 al 11 66 2 - - 2 
 37 | Weaver : A ; | Piece, 113 84 | 649 1 - - 1 
 38 | Weaver “ 71 aDay 11 11 66 3 2 1 6 
 39 | Weaving room, sec- 
 
 tion hand . 5 3.4 Days eet 11 66 2 - - 2 
 40 | Weaving room, sec- 
 
 tion hand . - SW BY ade 2k 11 66 2 ~ ~ 2 
 41 | Weft drawer : + 4 Piece, 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 
 Wool. : 
 
 42 | Carder . ; ‘ 4 Day « | il ue} 66 2 - - 2 
 43 | Carder . : ; 4 Daya) 41 11 66 i - - 1 
 44 | Carder . : ; JWDay ca. bb ll 66 1 - - 1 
 45 | Carder . A : oh RV ot 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 46 | Carder . : . 4 Daye) 1k 11 66 1 - ~ 1 
 47 | Carder . “i : 2 ARV eek 11 66 i - - i 
 48 | Carder . ; . oh Day rela 11 66 1 - - 1 
 49) Dyer. : 5 Pa ay aol 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 npr; Dyer -\. : : PATA yay: ead ll 66 | z - - 1 
 51 | Dyer . ; : otf SIM cl ak 11 66 1 - - 14 
 52 | Dyer . , : a Daye al 11 66 1 - = 1 
 53.) Dyer *, . < ANG Ld iG 66 2 - - 2 
 54°) Dyer. . ‘ ont WAyare | LL 11 66 3 2 - 5 
 55 | Press hand . 5 Days. at it 66 1 - - 1 
 56 | Sorter . ; . DAY sot ak ll 66 2 - - 2 
 57 | Spinner ° : o} S 1ece, 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 58 | Spinner “ 5 . + Piece, 11 1l 66 1 - - 1 
 59 | Spinner : ; . | Piece, 11 if 66 1 - - 1 
 60 | Spinner i z o4. Piece; 1l ilph 66 1 - - i 
 61 | Spinner j ; «| Piées, at 11 66 1 = - 1 
 62 | Spinner A F . | Piece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 63 | Spinner ; : . | Piece, 11 11 66 2 1 2 3) 
 64 | Spinner, mule. . | Piece, 11 1l 66 2 1 ~ 3 
 65 | Warp dresser . SH LOELY eu eek ll 66 1 - - Z 
 66 | Weaver ° 5 ge EteCes 11 11 66 2 1 = 3 
 67 | Weaver : s - | erece, 11 11 66 2 1 - | 38 
 68 | Weaver 7 Ms . | Piece, 11 11 66 1 ~ ~ 1 
 69 | Weaver é ‘ - | Piece, 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 70 | Weaver : ‘ - | Piece, 11 ll 66 jy - - : 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 101 
 TasLe V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. NEw 
 Hampsnire — Continued. 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY Cost oF Livine. 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. ae 7S ; 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED = 2 fear es A 
 DURING THE YEAR. Pere) oc Shp Bd, | Sag 
 Per Per Celio | See Wes 
 Week: "yeas: Others.| Totals. § . ese gee m8 
 - - $6 15 | $320 - $320 - = - $320 | 26 
 Ten weeks. Vaca- 
 tion F : 7 00 300 7 300 - - a 300 | 27 
 - - 9 00 468 | $260 | 728 - - —- 500 | 28 
 - - 9 00 459 | 100 559 - - - 300 | 29 
 ~ - 7 00 364 - 364 - _ - 350 | 30 
 One month.  Sick- 
 ness 5 : P 6 00 300 = 300 _ = - 300 | 38l 
 Three weeks. Sick- 
 ness . : ° 7 00 325 = O20 - - - 3850 | 32 
 = = 5 00 260 = 260 = - = 250 | 33 
 = = 6 00 300 - 300 = - - 300 | 34 
 Three months. Sick- 
 ness. , a 700 280 = 280 - - = 280 | 35 
 Five weeks.  Sick- 
 ness ‘ : 6 60 310 213 523 - - = - | 36 
 Two months. Vaca- 
 tion é i 4 6 00 260 & 260 be a A. 260 | 37 
 One week.  Sick- 
 ness 5 : 6 10 185 616 801 - - - 730 | 38 
 - - 9 60 480 = 480 — - - 360 | 39 
 Two weeks. Vaca- 
 tion : 5 9 60 480 = 480 = - - 800 | 40 
 Two weeks. Vaca- 
 tion , - - |. 6 00 3800 | 400 700 - = 561 | 41 
 - - 8 00 400 = 400 - = - 375 | 42 
 = - 8 00 400 = 400 - - - 300 | 43 
 - - 6 00 300 - 300 - - — 300 | 44 
 - - 8 00 400 = 400 - = - 3850 | 45 
 - _ 8 00 400 a 400 ao a - 400 | 46 
 - = 6 00 300 = 300 = = = 300 | 47 
 - - 6 00 300 - 300 - - = 3800 | 48 
 - - 8 00 400 - 400 = -¥ = 400 | 49 
 - - 8 00 400 ~ 400 - - = 3850 | 50 
 - - 8 50 400 - 400 = = - 800 | 51 
 - = 8 00 400 — 400 - = = 30 | 62 
 ~ - 10 00 500 ~ 500 - - = 400 | 53 
 - - 8 50 440 — 440 - = = 400 | 54 
 - - 7 50 360 - 360 = - - 800 | 55 
 A short vacation 8 50 400 — 400 - = - 3850 | 56 
 - = 1l 00 550 - 550 “, — = 450 | 57 
 = - 8 00 400 - 400 = - - 800 | 58 
 ~ ~ 7 00 350 - 350 = a = 350 | 59 
 - ~ 7 00 350 - 850 - - = 300 | 60 
 Six weeks. Sick- 
 ness ; F 8 00 375 - 875 = - - 875 | 61 
 Two months. Un- 
 employed. re TOO 350 = 350 - - ~ 350 | 62 
 - - 8 00 416 | 160 566 as = = 425 | 63 
 - - 8 50 400 ~ 400 - - - 300 | 64 
 = - 7 00 350 - 350 - - - 350 | 65 
 - - 9 00 460 = 460 = = o 400 | 66 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness E : 9 00 400 400 Z =. = 400 | 67 
 - - 7 50 360 _ 360 - - - 360 | 68 
 Three months. Sick- 
 ness. : a 8 00 300 | 100 400 - — - 850 | 69 
 - — 8 00 400 = 400 -. - = 3800 | 70 
 
102 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TABLE V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. New 
 HampsHIrRE — Concluded. 
 
 Hours OF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 ' Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. des Chil- | Chil. 
 Work. | Five |OnSat-| Per dren | dren 
 Days. | urday.| Week. |4@™ts.| under | above | Total. 
 
 ue ee SR, OL ISR een 10. 
 71 | Weaver S ; . | Piece, 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 72 | Weaver 4 : . | Piece, 11 11 66 3 - - 3 
 73 | Weaver ; ; . | Piece, 1d 11 66 1 - - 1 
 74 | Weaver 5 4 . | Piece, }1 11 66 1 - - i 
 75 | Weaver ; P - | Piece, 11 11 66 2 2 - 4 
 76 | Weaver Piece, | 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 77 | Weaver, second hand . Day. 11 11 66 2 2 - 4 
 
 Hosiery. 
 78 | Carder . i ; oy Dew. Ek 11 66 1 - ~ ib 
 79 Dyers. s : -| Day. 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 80 | Dyer . : ; . | Day. 11 il 66 1 - ~ 1 
 81 | Spinner , . G Piece, 11 11 66 2 2 ~ 4 
 82 | Spinner . e . | Pieee, -) “at 11 66 1 - ~ J 
 83 | Spinner . : - | Piece, 11 rae 66 2 1 = 3 
 84 | Spinner ‘ . . | Piece, 11 11 66 i - - 1 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 Cotton. 
 
 1 | Carder . 4 | Dears 10% 84 | 614 2 2 ~ 4 
 2 | Carder. > : -| Day. 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 3 | Carder . § “ .| Day. 10 10 60 2 1 - 3 
 4 | Carder . > ‘ «| Dey. 10 10 60 2 - ~ 2 
 5 | Drawerin . A ‘ Piece, 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 6| Drawerin . : » | Pigee, 104 | 103 | 63 1 - - 1 
 7 | Drawerin . ; . | Day . 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 8 | Drawerin . “ . | Day. 10 10 60 1. ~ - 1 
 9| Drawerin . : .| Day . 10 10 60 1 ~ = 1 
 10 | Drawerin . - . | Piece, 10 11 61 i - 2° “tee 
 11 | Loom fixer . - + | Piece, |. 10% 83 | 614 2 2 1 5 
 12 | Loom fixer . : -| Day . | 104] 103] 614 1 3 - 4 
 13 | Loom fixer . ; . | Day. 10 10 60 2 1 1 4 
 14 | Loom fixer . . . | Day 10 10 60 2 2 ~ 4 
 15 | Loom fixer . 5 ay 10 10 60 2 3 - 5 
 16 | Mopper ; ; -| Day. } 103| 103] 61g 2 - - 2 
 17 | Spinner ; : ; Piece, 10 10 60 3 1 2 6 
 18 | Spinner 2 4 5 | Pieces, 10 10 60 2 1 bi 5 
 19 | Spinner ; . » | Piece, 10 10 60 2 1 - 3 
 20 | Spinner ; ; . | Piece, 10 10 60 1 = ~ 1 
 21 | Spinner ; : - | Piece, 10 10 60 1 - = 1 
 22 | Spinner é : . | Piece, 10 10 60 2 2 = 4 
 23 | Spinner ; ; - | Piece, 10 10 60 1 - ~ 1 
 24 | Spinner 5 ‘ » | Piece, 10 10 60 1 ~ - 1 
 25 | Spinner ‘ . - | Piece, | 10$ |} 1043! 63 2 1 if 4 
 26 | Spinner : : . | Piece, | 104 | 104 | 63 2 | 1 ~ | 3 
 
 | 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 103 
 
 Tascy Vi Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. New 
 Hampsurre — Concluded. 
 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. 
 
 Cost OF LIVING. 
 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED 3 S 2 S | S Mies 
 DURING THE YEAR. a, col eco | Fas 
 en EG Others.| Totals r= g @ ee Bs 23 3 g 
 Week.) Year. ar She a pays 
 - ~ $8 00 400 - 400 = - - 400 | 71 
 A few weeks. Sick- 8 . 
 ness s - | 9 50 460 - 460 - = - 850 | 72 
 ~ - 7 00 825 = 825 — ~ = 3820 | 73 
 A short vacation 7 00 300 = 300 - - = 3800 | 74 
 = = 10 00 500 - 500 - = Ee 400 | 75 
 - a 9 00 400 - 400 = - = 300 | 76 
 - - 12 00 600 = 600 - - - 500 | 77 
 Two months. Ua- 
 employed 7 00 300 - 300 = - - 300 | 78 
 A short vacation 7 50 3875 - 87) - - — 300 | 79 
 - = 7 00 350 - 350 = — - 350 | 80 
 - - 9 00 450 = 450 - - = 400 | 81 
 ~ _ 8 00 400 = 400 - - - 3800 | 82 
 - _ 8 75 495 - 495 - - - 310 1Loo 
 - - 8 00 400 = 400 - - - 3850 | 84 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 Three weeks. Sick- 
 ness . é - | 5 00 | $245 = $245 = - = $245 1 
 = = 6 00 300 - 300 = = - 30082 
 - - 7 00 350 = 350 = - _ 30. | 3 
 - - 7 50 850 = 350 - - - 3800 | 4 
 Four weeks. Sick- 
 ness g : 4 5 00 240 = 240 - - _ 240 oy 
 One month. For 
 health : .| 4 50 200 - 200 - - “ = 6 
 One month.  Sick- 
 ness iS 6 09 300 = 300 ~ = - 3800 | 7 
 = - 6 00 300 - 300 = - - 250 | 8 
 ~ - 5 50 225 ~ 225 - - - 200 | 9 
 = - 6 00 yl by = 312 ~ - - 450 | 10 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness 4 ‘ ; = - = _ _ = - - 11 
 Six weeks. Sick- 
 ness = - | 10 00 460 ~ 460 - - - 460 | 12 
 - - 10 00 500 - 500 - = - 400 | 13 
 Two weeks. Sick- 
 ness 3 ‘ . | 10 00 500 - 500 - - — 500 | 14 
 One month. Unem- 
 ployed . : . | 10 00 480 ~ 480 = ~ — 500 | 15 
 ms = 5 00 260 | $312 572 - ~ - 520 | 16 
 - - 7 50 390 156 546 - - - 500 | 17 
 = - 10 00 520 | 200 720 - = = 400 | 18 
 2 = 10 00 520 - 520 - - - 850 | 19 
 aa - 5 50 300 - 300 - - - 300 | 20 
 = 2 8 50 400 - 400 - - - 400 | 21 
 = - 10 00 500 - 500 - — - 400 | 22 
 = - 7 00 364 - 364 - = - 250 1°23 
 - = 7 00 300 - 300 - - - 250 | 24 
 Three months. Sick- 
 ness s 2 Sat OHO 254 - 254 - - - 254 | 25 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness : " 110 8-00 328 - 828 ~ - - 328 | 26 
 
104 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Lasie V.— Occupations, Harnings, Cost of Living, etc. Massa- 
 CHUSETTS — Continued. 
 
 SS SS 
 
 Hours oF Lapor. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. Piece Chil- | Chil- 
 Work. | Five OnSat-| Per dren | dren |, 
 Days. | urday.| Week. |44ults.| under | above | Total. 
 10. 10. 
 es ee eee 
 27 | Spinner : . . | Piece, 104 | 104 | 62 2 - - 2 
 28 | Spinner ; , . | Piece, ~ - 604 2 2 - “ 
 29 | Spinner : ; aj) Figees 10 10 60 1 1 3 5 
 30 | Spinner : : . | Piece, 104 84 | 61 2 3 ~ 5 
 31 | ‘Spinner “ya. she2S ) Th Bieee, |) 10m PID 60 2 ie ane 
 32 | Spinner : : . | Piece, 104 84} 61 2 - 1 3 
 03 | Spooler 5 : eR Ye 104 83 | 61 1 - 1 
 34 | Stripper and grinder .| Day . 103 - - 2 3 - 5 
 30 | Stripper and grinder .| Day .| 104] 104 614 2 4 - 6 
 36 | Picker . : ; ef ays ~ - 624 2 3 2 7 
 3/ | Picker . : : .| Day. 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 38 | Picker . : A -| Day. | 104} 104] 62 2 3 2 7 
 39 | Picker . ; 3 Ae ea a 10 10 60 2 1 - 3 
 40 | Picker . : 4 <a Davee 104 84 | 61 2 3 - | 5 
 41 | Weaver : -,| Liece, 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 42 | Weaver Seles : . | Piece, 10 10 60 2 2 1 5 
 43 | Weaver , ‘ - | Piece, | 10% - - 2 - - 2 
 44 | Weaver . : . | Piece, 10 10 60 4 - 1 5 
 45 | Weaver . ; . | Piece, 10 10 60 3 1 2 6 
 46 | Weaver ‘ . | Piece, 10 10 60 2 - - 2 
 47 | Weaver ‘ : . | Piece,| 104 | 104] 612 2 3 1 6 
 48 | Weaver : : - | Piece, | 104 84 | 61 2 2 - 4 
 49 | Weaver A : . | Piece, 10 10 60 ee ae - 3 
 00 | Weaver . ‘ . | Piece, 10 10 60 4 3 2 9 
 51 | Weaver : . ~ Piece, - - - 3 - - 3 
 52 | Weaver . . | Piece, 10 10 60 2 3 4 9 
 53 | Weaver . ° - Fi PleCe t St0 10 60 2 1 = 3 
 54 | Weaver at ae 4 - 4 iéee, 4 210 10 60 2 2 ~ 4 
 55 | Weaver 4 4 . | Piece, 10 10 60 2 - = 2 
 56 | Weaver ; . ..| Piece, 10 10 60 3 - 3 
 57 | Weaver ; : . | Piece, 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 58 | Weaver : : - | Piece, | 104 74 | 60 2 2 - 4 
 59 | Weaver : . - | Piece, 10 10 60 2 2 - 4 
 60 | Weaver . ‘ - | Piece, 10 10 60 2 3 - 5 
 61 | Weaver ‘ ; - | Piece, 10 10 60 2 - - 2 
 62 | Weaver P : - | Piece, | 103 7% «614 2 1 - 3 
 63 | Weaver : ‘ - | Piece, | 103 7% | 61d 1 - - [ol 
 64 | Weaver -' « | .| Piece, | 103 7% | 613 3 - - 3 
 65 | Weaver atic be TPN PERC A LAUER TEN SiGe L = - | 1 
 66 | Weaver 4 ° - | Piece, | 103 84 | 62 1 2 2 5 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 105 
 
 TasLe V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Massa- 
 CHUSETTS — Continued. 
 
 SSS 
 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED 
 DURING THE YEAR, 
 
 One month. Unem- 
 
 ployed A “ 
 Two months. Un- 
 * employed 
 
 Three months. 
 Worked half time. 
 
 Nine weeks. Un- 
 employed ; 
 One month. Sick- 
 ness - A 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness ; : : 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness : : 
 
 Three months. Un- 
 employed . 
 
 Two months. Un- 
 employed 
 
 One month. Unem- 
 
 ployed : ; 
 Six weeks.  Sick- 
 ness ; : ; 
 Nine weeks. Sick- 
 ness - - 
 
 Two months. Un- 
 employed . : 
 
 Two weeks. Sick- 
 ness : 
 One month.  Sick- 
 ness Fs - , 
 
 A short time. Sick- 
 ness , ‘ - 
 A shorttime , 
 
 Two months. 
 ness c 
 Three months 
 Ten weeks. 
 ness ss A 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness f 3 3 
 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. 
 
 Per 
 Week. 
 
 ac 
 ac 
 
 om) 
 oo 
 
 oo 
 
 o 
 
 So zt>RhN oo 
 i=) Oo 
 
 “ Nelle ele efor) ont mao Ic 
 Oo 
 
 S 
 o 
 
 Cost or LIVING. 
 
 3 3 a, 
 
 5 i ose i S Pees 
 
 S| ata | Sou] FAS 
 
 Total. ss B35 ese bbe 
 G4ggny « — < ~ | $423 | 97 
 yee vues p be _ | 98 
 600 es = - 29 
 = = zs = = 30 
 478 - = os 468 | 31 
 936 - ae - 520 | 32 
 LT VER BOs eA ee 
 353 - = = =) 34 
 290 = - - 290 | 3d 
 579 = = 520 | 36 
 250 == = = PAN) Sif 
 683 2s = = 500 | 38 
 286 - = a 300 | 39 
 258 = = = =) |) 40 
 300 = = - 3800 | 41 
 550 = = - 400 | 42 
 3844 = 344 | 43 
 
 750 = “ss = 600 
 825 _ = = 500 | 45 
 312 = a - 312 | 46 
 3852 = = - 416 | 47 
 309 = = = - 48 
 481 = - = 500 | 49 
 t 025 hyo 2 = 919 | 50 
 476 = - = - 51 
 996 = - = 979 | 52 
 400 - = - 3800 | 53 
 442 A 300 | 54 
 3829 - - 300 | 55 
 728 - = = = 56 
 300 = - = 3800 | 57 
 400 - o = 400 | 58 
 400 = — = 350 | 59 
 468 - = - 400 | 60 
 3825 ~ - - 3825 | 61 
 449 5 = = BE, 62 
 379 - = = 360 | 63 
 673 - = 480 | 64 
 400 - = - 250 | 65 
 450 _ - 350 | 66 
 
106 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Massa- 
 cuusEeTts — Concluded. 
 
 ee 
 
 Hours oF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. Piece Chil- | Chil- | 
 Work. | Five |OnSat-| Per dren | dren 
 Days. | urday. | Week. Adults.| under | above | Total. 
 
 10. 10. 
 67 | Weaver : : . | Piece,| 10 10 60 3 2 4 9 
 68 | Weaver : ; . | Piece, | 10% 84 | 62 1 2 2 5 
 69 | Weaver : ‘ . | Piece, | 10% 7% | 614 2 1 - 3 
 70| Weaver PE eed nes 2 om payee 7% | Gt 1 = - rn 
 71| Weaver . F . | Piece, | 10 10 60 2 1 - 3 
 72| Weaver 5 - . | Piece,| 104 | 10 624 2 4 1 7 
 
 73 | Weaver : 2 . | Piece, | 10 10 60 1 = = 
 74| Weaver 4 2 . | Piece, | 10 10 60 2 - - 2 
 75| Weaver \ , . | Piece, | 10 10 60 2 - = 2 
 76 | Weaver ; 4 . | Piece, | 104 84} 61 2 2 5 9 
 77| Weaver : : « | ‘Biege, |. 19 10 60 2 2 - 4 
 78 | Weaver : ‘ .4 Days. - - = 2 ~ - 3 
 79| Weaver ; - . | Piece,| 10 10 60 2 - ~ 2 
 80 | Weaver . | piece, - - - 2 - - | 2 
 81| Weaver, third hand . | Dax.) 10 10 60 2 Me - | 3 
 
 Worsted. 
 82 | Weaver : i. oat (ENeCGy 4020 10 60 2 3 1 6 
 Wool. 
 
 83 | Carder . : 4 21 ee = he LD 10 60 1 - = 1 
 84| Carder . ; < .| Day .| 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 85 | Carder . 4 4 .| Day .| 10 10 60 2 i - 3- 
 86| Loom fixer . ohh de 1 Gee Ne kD 10 60 2 3 ~ 5 
 87| Press hand . . .| Day .| 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 88| Press hand . A - | Day <1) 10 10 60 1 - - i 
 89| Spinner. ; ; é Piece, 10 10 60 1 - ~ 1 
 90| Spinner. ‘ ; . | Piege, | 10 10 .| 60 1. - - i 
 91] Spinner. . : . | Piece, }+ 10 10 60 2 1 - 3 
 92| Spinner. ‘ < . | Piece,| 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 93 | Spinner. : “ . | Piece, | 10 10 60 3 - - 3 
 94| Spinner. . 3 - | Piece,| 10 10 60 2 2 - 4 
 95 | Spinner . ‘ . | Piece, | 10 10 60 ay 3 - 7 
 96 | Warp dresser : . {i Day.) 210 10 60 1 - - 1 
 97 | Warp dresser 4 .| Day .| 10 10 60 1 - ~ L 
 98 | Warp dresser “4 23): Days Le 10 60 1 ~ - 1, 
 99 | Weaver 4 . | Piece, | . 10 10 60 2 - = 2 
 100 | Weaver 4 : . | Pieee,; 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 101 | Weaver : ; . | Pieee, | 10 10 60 1 ~ ~ 1 
 102| Weaver A . . | Piece,| 10 10 60 2 - ~ 2 
 103 | Weaver E 4 . | Piece, | 10 10 60 2 - 1 3 
 104 | Weaver A 4 . | Piece, | 10 10 60 2 - - 2 
 105 | Weaver : ‘ - 4 Piece,| 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 106 | Weaver - : » | Piege, |) 10 10 60 2 1 - 3 
 107 | Weaver ; ‘ . | Piece, - - - 3 - - 3 
 108 | Weaver : F . | Piece,| 10 10 60 2 3 - 5 
 109 | Weaver : ‘ . | Pieee,} 10 10 60 2 2 1 5) 
 110 | Weaver ; -.| Piece, | 10 10 60 1 - - 1 
 111 | Weaver : é . | Piece,| 10 10 60. 2 1 - 3 
 112| Weaver . * - | apee, | 10 10 60 2 1 - 3 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 107 
 
 TABLE V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Massa- 
 CHUSETIs — Concluded. 
 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. 
 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED 
 
 DURING THE YEAR, 
 
 Five months. 
 
 employed 
 
 One month. 
 ness 2 
 
 One month. 
 
 strike 
 
 Four months. 
 
 employed 
 
 One week . 
 
 One month. Unem- 
 
 ployed 
 
 One month. 
 ness 
 
 Two months. 
 ness 
 
 One month. Unem- 
 
 ployed 
 
 ~ 
 
 A short time, 
 ness 
 
 Cost oF LIvine. 
 
 mH mH st i 
 3. & [te | sy 
 Per Per peat nes xe pee 
 Week. | Year, |Others.| Total. § - SRE Sse BE 
 = $8 00 | $400 | $250 | $650 - - = $600 | 67 
 “= 8 50 - 450 - - - 500 | 68 
 = 8 00 = 400 - - = 400 | 69 
 - 9 00 - - - SS = = 70 
 be 6 50 - 300 = - - 300 | 71 
 Un- 
 : 215. 9:20 150 609 - - Fa Bs 72 
 = 6 50 - 3800 = ~ - 300 | 73 
 = 7 00 - 300 - - - 300 | 74 
 = 8 00 - 400 - - - 300 | 75 
 Sick- |. 
 . . = - 700 - ~ Sa 700 | 76 
 - 10 00 - 520 - = as 7 
 On 
 -| 8 00 376 = - = “= 78 
 - 9 00 - 468 - - - 400 | 79 
 - 8 50 432 - - - 468 | 80 
 Un- 
 ° -| 7 00 156 494 - - - 480 | 81 
 . 7 50 229 612 - - - 612 | 82 
 - 6 00 300 - = 250 | 83 
 = 6 00 = 300 - - - 300 | 84 
 7 00 - 328) - - - 275 | 85 
 - 9 00 - 460 - - - 400 | 86 
 - 6 00 - 300 - - - 250 | 87 
 - 6 00 - 300 - - - 300 | 88 
 mi 6 50 - 300 - - - 300 | 89 
 ss 7 00 - 300 ~ - ~ 275 | 90 
 - 8 00 - 400 - = - 400 | 91 
 “ 7 00 - 300 - - - 300 | 92° 
 Sick- 
 8 50 100 500 - ~ 400 | 93 
 - 8 00 - 400 - - - 300 | 94 
 - 8 00 300 700 - ~ - 500 | 95 
 Sick- 
 . -| 6 00 - 250 ~ - - 250 | 96 
 - 5 00 - 250 ~ - - 250 | 97 
 - 6 00 - 312 ~ - = 275 | 98 
 - 6 00 - 300 - ~ - 300 | 99 
 ° 5 00 - 230 - ~ - 230 | 100 
 - 6 00 - 300 - - - 250 | 101 
 - 7 50 - 325 ~ - - 325 | 102 
 - 8 00 - 400 ~ - - 350 | 103 
 - 6 00 - 300 - - - 275 | 104 
 - 5 50 ~ 250 - - - 250 | 105 
 - 6 50 - 300 - - - 300 | 106. 
 = 8 00 200 600 - - - 350 | 107 
 - 8 00 - 400 - - - 350 | 108 
 = 7 00 50 400 - = - 325 | 109 
 ~ 6 50 - 300 - - - 300 | 110 
 = 7 00 - 350 - - - 300 | 111 
 Sick- 
 . -| 7 00 - 325 - - - 325 | 112 
 
108 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. RioDE 
 IsLAND. 
 
 Hours OF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or is 
 OCCUPATIONS. Piece Chil- | Chil- 
 Work. Five |OnSat-| Per dren | dren 
 Days. | urday. | Week. Adults. eee aes Total. 
 ral et a ee 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Carder . 4 : o. Dayers 11 11 66 2 1 ~ 3 
 2 | Card grinder g of avon ll il 66 2 2 - 4 
 3 | Card stripper ; oy ay 11 11 66 1 - = 1 
 4 | Drawerin . 4 oi DIRK 11 ll 66 1 - - 1 
 5 | Hauler, cloth A oy ave Ty) 11 66 L - ~ i! 
 6 | Laborer in card room .| Day . ‘gE il 66 1 - - 1 
 7 | Laborer in card room . | Day . ll rt 66 1 - - 1 
 8 | Loom fixer . , a Daye) Mbt 11 66 1 ~ - 1 
 0) | Pickers. 4 : . | Day . 11 re 66 2 - - 2 
 10 | Slasher. ‘ : oy Da ae 11 qT] 66 2 1 - 3 
 11 | Spinner : . - |. Piece, 11 11 66 2 2 - 4 
 12 | Spinner . 4 . | Piece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 13 | Spinner 4 3 41 Piece, 1l ll 66 2 1 - 3 
 14 | Spinner 4 * =| aniece, 11 11 66 2 2 1 5 
 15 | Spinner 4 4 . | Piece, 11 11 66 2 2 1 5 
 16 | Spinner ~. : : | Biece, vi 11 66 2 | 1 4 
 17 | Spinner, mule. . | Piece, ll 11 66 2 2 ~ £ 
 18 | Spinner, mule. <4 ieee, ll ll 66 2 2 - t 
 19 | Weaver See . | Piece, 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 20 | Weaver : -i|. Piece, 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 21 | Weaver 4 : oy Piece; 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 22 | Weaver : ‘ . | Piece, | 11 11 66 3 ~ 2 5 
 23 | Weaver . : . | Piece, 11 11 66 3 = - 1 
 24 | Weaver, section hand.| Day. | ll 11 66 2 1 ~ 3 
 Wool. 
 25 | Laborer : 5 faye. 1l 11 66 2 2 - 4 
 26 | Spinner,mule . . | Piece, i! yh 66 2 2 2 6 
 27 | Spinner, mule 5 « | Piece, Lt 11 66 1 - - L 
 28 | Spinner, mule .. 4) Pieces, (| S11 11 66 2 Zz) - 5 
 29 | Spinner, mule. - | Piece, 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 30 | Spinner, mule. +} Elece, 11 71 66 2 1 - 3 
 31 | Weaver : . ot oRbetets aL 11 66 1 - - 1 
 32 | Weaver ‘ . «| Pieee, 11 1l 66 3 2 - 5 
 33 | Weaver ‘ A . | Piece, | 11 11 66 2 Z - 3 
 34 | Weaver : “ - | Piece, 11 ll 66 1 - - 1 
 Worsted. . 
 35 | Spinner : oft PeGe, 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 36 | Spinner é * o | (hieee, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 37 | Spinner : ° melee! (oc, <5 11 11 66 2 1 - 3 
 Thread. 
 388 | Carder . ‘ : 1 sDaye. at rH. 66 2 | - 3 
 39 | Carder . : ? “1 Daye 1l Eh 66 2 - - 2 
 40 | Packer . . : .| Day . 11 i 66 2 1 - 3 
 41 |} Ruler . ‘ : . | Piece, ll Ei 66 1 - - 1 
 42 | Ruler . ; : | rieee, 11 11 66 2 1 ~ 3 
 43 | Spinner ‘. : «|. Piece; 11 11 66 2 1 a 3 
 44 | Spinner A : ol hOCe, it 11 66 1 - ~ 1 
 45 | Spinner : ; . | Piece, 11 ah 66 1 - - { 
 
 a a 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 109 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Ruope 
 
 ISLAND. 
 ee 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY Cost oF Livina. 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. : 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED 3 Stes | ey 
 DURING THE YEAR. af sal esul 293 
 aed ve Others.| Total = 3 5 a3|& aS|a 4 
 Week. | Year. ; "| BR Sas Ses Bhs, 
 - - $8 00 | $416 - $416 - - - $375 il 
 - - 8 00 416 ~ 416 - - - 330 ty 
 - - 6 00 300 - 3800 - -_ - 250 3 
 - ~ 7 00 300) - 300 - = = 850 4 
 - - 7 50 300 _ 3800 = = = 300 5 
 - - 6 00 812 - 3812 _ = - 3800 6 
 - - 6 60 340 = 340 = - - 300 7 
 - - 9 00 468 _ 468 =. _ - 300 8 
 - - 50 375 - 370 - - - 350 9 
 = - 9 40 488 - 488 -_ - - 375 | 10 
 One month.  Sick- 
 ness ; : F 9 00 400 - 400 = - = 400 | 11 
 Short vacation . sh 800 400 - 400 - = = 400 | 12 
 - - 10 00 500 - 500 - = = 400 | 138 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness ' . . 9 00 400 | $75 475 - - = 400 | 14 
 - _ 9 50 460 150 610 = = - 400 | 15 
 = ~ 9 00 450 - 400 = = — 400 | 16 
 ~ - 9 50 450 - 450 - - = 400 | 17 
 - - 10 00 500 - 500 = = _ 500 | 18 
 ~ - 8 50 400 - 400 - cs = 3850 | 19 
 - - 6 50 300 300 600 - = = 400 | 20 
 Six weeks.  Sick- 
 ness ° A - 7 CO 850 —- 350 = ~ - 3800 | 21 
 - - 9 00 468 250 718 - = - 400 | 22 
 - - 5 00 260 - 260 - — = 260 | 23 
 = - 9 00 460 - 460 = = ~ 400 | 24 
 ~ - 6 00 312 7) 3887 - - - 3800 | 25 
 - - 6 50 320 850 670 - = = 400 | 26 
 ~ - 6 00 800 - 300 = = os 3800 | 27 
 - - 7 00 3850 ~ 350 - - = 3850 | 28 
 One month ; ‘ 6 75 300 ~ 300 - - - 3800 | 29 
 Two weeks : : 7 00 350 - 350 = = = 350 | 30 
 Two weeks. Vaca- 
 tion ; ; O00 275 - 275 - - = Ziaa\ ok 
 Lost time from sick- 
 ness P ; A 8 50 400 200 600 - - - 450 | 32 
 ~ = 8 00 400 150 550 = - = 390 | 33 
 - - 7 00 3800 - 800 - = - 250 | 34 
 - - 8 00 400 - 400 - = & 400 | 35 
 ~ - 7 00 350 - 350 = a - 3800 | 36 
 Three months. Sick- 
 ness, partiy . on} L000 3800 | 100 400 - |.- ~ 400 | 37 
 - - 7 80 370 - 870 - = = 350 | 38 
 = - 8 00 400 400 - _ _ 350 | 389 
 es ee 9 00 450 - 450 - = - 400 | 40 
 Two weeks. Sick- 
 ness . : A 8 00 400 - 400 - = = 3800 | 41 
 - =- 8 00 416 - 416 - - - 416 | 42 
 - - 7 00 340 - 3840 - - - 840 | 43 
 - - 6 00 300 ~ 3800 - - - 3800 | 44 
 = - 6 00 300 ~ 300 - - - 3800 | 45 
 
110 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. RHODE 
 Istanp — Concluded. 
 
 Hours oF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. Piece Chil- | Chil- 
 Work. | Five |OnSat-| Per dren | dren 
 Days. urday. Week. Adults. under above Total. 
 10. 10. 
 46 | Spinner ; : > Piece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 47 | Spinner A : , | Piece, 11 ll | 66 2 2 2 6 
 48 | Winder 5 : ye rece, 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 49 | Winder se ieee, ll ll 66 1 - a 1 
 Paper. 
 50 | Laborer z Day . 12 12 72 1 - - 1 
 ol | Paper maker (pulp ma- 
 chine) : Day . 12 12 72 3 ~ - 3 
 52 | Washing machine ten- 
 dér « : - ot Daye |: 42 12 72 1 - ~ 1 
 - CONNECTICUT. 
 63 
 Cotton. 
 1 | Carder . , : 4 Day - 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 2 Carpenter . : 1 Days ll 11 66 - = - - 
 3 | Dresser ; : cal LI Sore 114 84 | 66 2 - - 2 
 4 | Finisher : 1 Day o | Ale 84 | 66 2 2 - 4 
 5 | Inspector of cloth Pas SS Bae ll 11 66 ~ - ~ - 
 6 | Lapper . ‘ 2 sit Ave ll 11 66 4 = 1 5 
 7 | Overseer, mill . Piel BES ag 12 9* | 69 2 = - 2 
 8 | Overseer, carding ts DS. «) tie 84 | 66 1 - =f “1 
 9 | Overseer, carding -) Days 12 9 69 6 2 1 “) 
 10 | Overseer, carding RS Be goes 113 84 | 66 2 3 - 5 
 11 | Overseer, carding < te Days 11g 84 | 66 2 1 1 4 
 i2 | Overseer, carding 4 Day's 4 18 84 | 645 2 ~ - 2 
 13 | Overseer, carding and 
 spinning . 5 oo Dayat|< 42 nd Ci 2 1 2 5 
 14 | Overseer, spinning .| Day. | 11 11 664 Ss 1 1 5 
 15 | Overseer, spinning ./ Day. 115 84 | 66 3 - 2 5 
 16 | Overseer, spinning .| Day. | 11 5 60 2 3 2 7 
 17 | Overseer, spinning .| Day . | 12 94 | 72 - = - =" 
 18 | Overseer, spinning .| Day. 114 84 | 66 ~ - - 3 
 19 | Overseer, spinning ./| Day. 12 “ 69 1 - - 1 
 20 | Overseer, spinning .{| Day. 11 5 60 5 - - 5 
 21 | Overseer, spinning .| Day. 12 9 69 3 ~ - 3 
 22 | Overseer, spinning .| Day. 12 9 69 3 3 ~ 6 
 23 | Overseer, spinning Day . 12 9 69 3 - 1 4 
 24 | Overseer, spinning, 
 mule. - : Day. 22) 42 9 69 2 1 1 4 
 25 | Overseer, spinning, 
 mulesee Day . | 114 84 | 66 3 - - 3 
 26 | Overseer, spinning, 
 mule and ring . ~ | Day . 12 § 69 2 - - 2 
 27 | Overseer, epignlny, 
 ring . Day. | 114 83 | 66 2 2 - 4 
 28 | Overseer, spooling Dayo. 113 84 | 644 1 = - 1 
 29 | Overseer, weaving 4-Day 11g 84 | 66 6 - - 6 
 30 | Overseer, weaving -| Day. 11 11 66 2 - = 2 
 31 | Overseer, weaving . | Day. 12 9 69 3 2 3 8 
 32 | Overseer, weaving .| Day. | ll 5 60 2 3 2 7 
 33 | Overseer, weaving . | Day. 11 5 60 4 3 2 9 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 111 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Ruope 
 IsLanp — Concluded. 
 
 eeeeeE—eeeeEeEeEeE=EE————eeeee—eeeeeee 
 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY Cost oF Livine. 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. 
 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED 
 DURING THE YEAR. 
 
 Short vacation . 
 
 Vacation for rest 
 One month. Sick- 
 ness . 3 
 
 Short vacation . 
 
 Six weeks. Unem- 
 ployed . . . 
 
 Seven weeks. Un- 
 employed 
 
 LI a fet fal 
 
 Two months. Sick- 
 ness : : 
 
 : Seis cies J) 
 
 eS eal] Stu) Sas 
 
 Per Per as 2a? s?/ a 2 
 
 Week. | Year, |Others.| Total. E s E gs Ee: Ee 8 
 
 | 
 $7 50 | $350| - | $350] - “ -~ | $300 | 46 
 800 | 400} $300] 700] - me us 550 | 47 
 7-00) 380°) 25 350} = = ts 300 | 48 
 700| 364; - 364} = a 275 | 49 
 7 50 300 - 300 - - - 300 50 
 10 60} 450) 200 | 650]. = = “ 500 51 
 7 60:} 300) = 300} « = “ 300 | 52 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 - ~ - - — |$3 70 - - z 
 900 eam) = | gees} --|] - | af 2 4 3 
 13-604 72 |  - 702 |$102/ - = s 4 
 =. i OSGi 1s) fe th as 5 
 600! 3129489! sol] - = “ = 6 
 17 00 787 - 787 88 ~ ~ - 
 1500] 780] 406] 1,186] 60] - “ = 9 
 16 60°)" 858'| - 858) = - — | $858 | 10 
 1500) 780] - Teo 60, | “ an batt 
 13 60:/- 702?) - TOF 190'} = a ai og] 18 
 1200} 640| 84] 624} ~ - = Pd ee: 
 15 00} - 780°} - we 106 }> = is =| 14 
 15-00} 780; /- = = - = = | 15 
 13 00 | 776) 96| * 8727} 64/|  ~ a ~ | 16 
 13 50 702 ~ 702 ~ - ~ - 17 
 1800] 936) - 936 | - = = « | 1g 
 12 00°)" 674) = 57a ss) 4 50.14 ay 1 is 
 1800] 936) 234] 1,170} 72| - - Aalst! 20 
 1400} 728) - TIE =. Te BebOud he et 
 Z = . = ~ = - Ee Dg 
 1075| 540] 624] 1,164} 60] - _ See] 23 
 15 G01" 7800)" 780°} = - s Bei | D4 
 15:00 40er 7802) 780) = - e su) 2G 
 21°36 Fel 10G| 2s tT oem) =. = = ee 
 16 50 858 - 858 ; 100 - - U7 
 12 00ipa 6240 |" °S GPE Pe 4 B0ul = =i} 28 
 17 8 888 - 888 - - ~ - + 
 900} 468/ 20} 488) -~ = = =) 9) 38 
 18 00} 9367) - 9367} = = & 720 | 32 
 16°00) -33| 05 ot ee = 2 832 | 33 
 
112 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TaBLe V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Con- 
 NEcTICUT — Continued. 
 
 Hours oF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. . Piece Chil- | Chil- 
 Work. | Five |OnSat-|] Per dren | dren 
 Days. | urday. | Week. | 44Uts-| under | above Total. 
 10. 10. 
 
 34 | Overseer, weaving . | Day. 12 9 69 2 - - 2 
 35 | Overseer, weaving ot Daye | 11d 84 | 66 5 - - 5 
 36 | Overseer, weaving oa: Dayar «114 93 | 66 2 2 - £ 
 37 | Overseer, weaving . | Day . 12 9 69 2 2 2 6 
 88 | Overseer, weaving <ot Days 12 9 69 3 - 1 + 
 39 | Overseer, weaving and 
 
 drawing in : :4 Days 11% 74 | 66 2 1 ~ 3 
 40 | Packer . ; : el ave ee 4) 69 2 - ~ 2 
 41 | Repairer, knitting ma- 
 
 chines 5 CW ay ce 11 10 65 1 - - 1 
 42 | Spinner. c * 4 Piece; 124 6 684 2 3 1 6 
 43 | Spinner. : 4 .) Daye. 11 11 66 2 1 ~ 3 
 44 |: Spinners: . 4 e-hece CR Piece | ade 84] 66 2 2 - 4 
 45 | Spinner. : : Piece; 12 9 69 2 ~ - 2 
 46 | Spinners . . «| Piece, | 12a] 6 ene 4 eee eo: 
 47 | Spinner. ; : . | Piece, 114 84 | 66 4 3 3 e 
 48 | Spinner. Soe aaa Pete cr oct 84 | 66 2 2 _ 4 
 49 | Spinner. : : . | Piece, 114 84 | 66 1 - - 1 
 50 | Spinner, ring ° .| Day. 11g 84 | 66 ~ - - oe 
 51 | Spinner,mule . . | Piece, | 118 74 | 66 1 - - 1 
 52 | Spinner, mule. 29}. Piece; 113 74 | 66 4 - - 4 
 53 | Spinner, mule . . | Day. 113 84 | 66 3 - - 3 
 54 | Spinner, mule. . | Piece, 113 84 | 66 2 - - 2 
 55 | Spinner, mule. oa Day. ll} 84 | 66 1 - - 1 
 56 | Spinner, mule. 2) Piece,:| 11g 84 | 66 1 - - I 
 57 | Spinner, mule . Ng: PAGCEe: 12 9 69 2 1 - 3 
 58 | Spinner, mule . i Daye 113 84 | 66 2 2 1 9) 
 59 | Spinner, mule . | Piece; 12 y 69 2 - - 2 
 60 | Spinner, mule .  ./| Piece, | 12 9 69 Ae ta - 2 
 61 | Spinner, mule . vat EE iece; 114 84 | 644 1 - - i) 
 62 | Spinner, mule. salePiéce, 12 2069 2 - - 2 
 63 | Weaver ; ; . | Piece, 12 9 69 2 3 - 5 
 64 | Weaver : : . | Piece, 12 9 69 | 4 - - 4 
 65 | Weaver 5 . wees veces 12 9 69 - - - = 
 66 | Weaver ; - alae 12 9 69 4 - ~ 4 
 67 | Weaver : ‘ + ey ae 12 9 69 2 2 1 5) 
 68 | Weaver : : . | Piece, 12 9 69 1 - - 1 
 69 | Weaver ; : 2 Pies} et 14 84 | 644 2 - - 2 
 70 | Weaver ‘ : . | Piece, 12 9 69 2 1 - 3 
 71 | Weaver y ; . | Piece, 114 84 | 66 2, - ~ 2 
 72 | Weaver ; ; sutiecey | P28 io Oe ae i 1 - - 1 
 73 | Weaver ; a . | Piece, 114 84] 66 3 - 1 4 
 74 | Weaver : : a Peres 12 9 69 2 Z 1 5 
 75 | Weaver ‘ , ma Pieter 4 opal 84 | 66 2 1 1 4 
 76 | Weaver : . . | Piece, 1] 84 | 66 2 1 | 4 
 77 | Weaver : A . | Piece, 114 84 | 66 - - = a 
 78. | Weaver ~ ; + 4Piece, 11 ll 66 o - ~ - 
 79.| Weaver ; ; . | Piece, | 12 9 69 3 - ~ 3 
 80 | Weaver Me Te > 4. Piecese|> 12 9 69 1 - - 1 
 81 | Weaver . . ..|' Piece, 12 9 69 4 - 1 4) 
 $2 | Weaver oe PepaDaveea able 83 | 66 l - = 1 
 83 | Weaver : : + pb lees ait bee 94 | 72 1 - if 2 
 84 | Weaver é . ee Lees 12 9 69 1 - - 1 
 85 | Weaver 5 F . | Piece, 12 9 69 1 - - 1 
 86 | Weaver ‘ m . | Piece, 12 9 69 1 - - 1 
 87 | Weaver A ; » |. Piece;| 11g 84 | 66 1 - - 1 
 88 | Weaver : ‘ + de Piece: 12 9 69 1 ~ - 8 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 113 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Con- 
 NECTICUT — Continued. 
 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY Cost or LIvING. 
 AAUMOTHERS IN THE MAMILY aM Wea tr, Gali) aces Re 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED a a n 2, yy 
 DURING THE YEAR. sul oul Saez 
 a6 ne Others.| Total | - @ a2 2 E $|3 8 
 Week. | Year. : ; 2 Zaz = ae 2S be 
 - - $10 50 | $550 | $1380 | $680 | $32 ~ - - | 34 
 - - 18 00 936 - 936 | 100 - - - | 35 
 - - 16 50 858 - 858 | 240 - - - | 36 
 - - 15 36 799 - 799 - - - $799 | 37 
 - - 16 50 858 | 320 | 1,178 ~ - - 975 | 38 
 - - 24 00 | 1,248 - 1,248 - - - 800 | 39 
 - - 6 00 ol2 - 312 - - - - | 40 
 - - 14 35 746 - 746 ~ - = - | 41 
 Four weeks.  Sick- 
 
 ness ° wi, 820 390 25 415 33 - - - | 42 
 = Ak - - - - - - ~ - | 43 
 - - 8 75 455 - 455 40 - - - | 44 
 - - 8 75 455 - 455 ~ - - - | 45 
 = - 8 50 435 - 435 - - = 435 | 46 
 a =; 10 00 520 | 156 676 - - - 676 | 47 
 - - 10 00 520 - 520 - - - - | 48 
 - - 8 50 442 - 442 - |$3 00 - - | 49 
 - - 11 00 572 - 672 45 - - - | 50 
 - - 8 00 416 - 416 —- | 8 25 - 4) }iDL 
 _ - 8 00 416 |} 598 | 1,014 | 420 - - - | 52 
 & os 9 00 468 - 468 50 - - -— | 53 
 = = i 10 00 520 - 520 - | 5 25 ~ - | 54 
 - - 9 50 494 ~ 494 - | 3 00 - - | 5d 
 - - 9 50 494 - 494 - | 450 - - | 56 
 = oa a 390 - 390 - = - 390 | 57 
 - = - - = - = - - | 58 
 - ~ 9 50 494 - 494 36 - = - | 59 
 - - 9 00 468 - 468 33 - - - | 60 
 
 Three months. Un- 
 
 employed ._ . | 11 50 449 - 449 - | 5 00 - - | 61 
 3 - 9 75 500 _ 500 - - - - | 62 
 = - 7 00 364 - 364 28 - + - | 63 
 af = 6 25 325 | 273 598 45 - - - | 64 
 - - 6 25 By) - 325 - - - - | 65 
 pe = 6 00 312 - = 45 - - - | 66 
 = - 10 00 520 - 520 ~ ~ - 520 | 67 
 - - 12 00 624 pe - * zi a 5 168 
 & - 10 00 520 | 312 832 - - - - | 69 
 Se a 8 50 442 - 442 26 - - - | 70 
 - ~ 6 50 338 - 338 - - ee - |7l 
 ~ ~ 7 00 364 - 364 - _ - - | 72 
 i a 6 50 338 - 338 60 =. ~ - | 73 
 = e 7 00 364 - Gd 60 - - - | 74 
 - - 7 75 400 - 400 - - - 400 | 75 
 2 = 8 40 435 - 435 - - - - | 76 
 = = 7 00 364 = 364 - ~ - 250 | 77 
 “ - 7 00 364 - 364 - - - - | 78 
 ~ ~ 5 50 286 ~ 286 - | 2 50 - - | 79 
 es ss 8 50 442 - 442 - | 8 25 = - | 80 
 - - 7 50 390 = = 2 2 i ee hee 
 2 - 6 50 338 - 338 - | 2 25 - — | &2 
 1s - 7 25 377 - 377 - - - - | 83 
 = - 8 50 442 - 442 - | 3 50 - - | 84 
 “4 - 5 00 260 - 260 - | 2 50 - - | 85 
 che - 6 00 312 - 312 - | 2 25 ~ - | 86 
 & - 10 00 520 - 520 - | 3 00 - - | 87 
 as - 7 50 390 > 390 —- | 2 50 - - | 88 
 
114 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Con- 
 NECTICUT — Continued. 
 
 Hours oF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. Piece Chil- | Chil- 
 Work. | Five |OnSat-| Per dren | dren |, 
 Days. | urday. | Week. | A@ults-| under | above Total. 
 10. 10. 
 89| Weaver BIR oy deed RROCR Saale 84 | 66 1 - - 1 
 90| Weaver... ns . | Piece,| 113 74 | 66 3 ws - 3 
 91| Weaver : : . | Piece, | 114 84 | 66 2 1 ~ 3 
 92 | Weaver a A . | Piece,} 113 74 | 66 2 1 = 3 
 93 | Weaver yt Piese, ed 11 66 2 - ~ 2 
 94| Weaver, section hand . Day .| 114 83 | 66 2 3 1 6 
 95| Weaver, section hand. | Day .| 11 11 66 2 1 a 7 
 96 | Weaver, section hand. | Day .| 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 97 | Weaver, section hand. | Day .| 114 84 | 66 4 - - 4 
 98 | Weaver, section hand. | Day .| 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 99 | Weaver, section hand. | Day .| 114 84.1 66 2 7 1 5 
 100 | Weaver, section hand. | Day .| 12 9 69 -|.- sd = 
 Wool. 
 
 101} Carder . : i .| Day .| 114 84 | 66 1 Pe = 1 
 102} Dresser tender . ot, Dayal, ois 9% | 66 3 4 1 5 
 103} Finisher. Day .| 114 93 | 66 2 - - 2 
 
 104| Foreman, web finish- 
 IN’ sis ; ; - | Day .| 10 10 60 - - pedis Liat 
 105| Fuller . : : » | Day | obs 84 | 66 4 2 2 8 
 106 | Loom fixer . : 1} Dayin | alls 94 | 66 2 - - 2 
 107 | Overseer, mill . a] Lay tool ee 93 | 66 2 2 - 4 
 108 | Overseer, carding -| Day .| 114 84 | 66 1 - - 1 
 109 | Overseer, carding .| Day .| 113 93 | 66 2 ~ 3 5 
 110 | Overseer, carding eh aay id dew 104 | 704 2 2 2 6 
 111 | Overseer, carding TLE Went oS | 9% | 66 3 5 - 8 
 112 | Overseer, carding .| Day .| ld] 84] 66 1 - = 1 
 113 | Overseer, carding Day .} 114 93 | 66 3 - 1 4 
 
 114| Overseer, carding and 
 spinning : ; ot Day. add 84. | 66 2 1 1 4 
 115| Overseer, dye house .| Day .| 114 93 | 66 1 - = 1 
 116 | Overseer, finishing .| Day .| 11 11 66 4 4 ao ALS 
 117 | Overseer, finishing .| Day .| 114] 10 673 4 2 LY Ae 
 118| Overseer, finishing .| Day .| 114 84 | 66 2 - - 2 
 119} Overseer, finishing .| Day .| 114 84) 66 3 - - 3 
 120| Overseer, finishing .| Day .| 114 93 | 66 1 ~ - 1 
 
 121| Overseer, Nee re- 
 pairing . Fl DAV ie fC La 94 | 644 PAG ar - 2 
 122 | Overseer, sorting « oh Days hale 93 | 66 2 nh 2 5 
 123 | Overseer, spinning .| Day .| 114 84 | 66 3 ~ 1 4 
 124| Overseer, spinning .| Day .| 11 11 66 2 4 Waele 
 125| Overseer, spinning .| Day .| 11 93 | 643 3 - - 3 
 126 | Overseer, spinning .| Day .| 114 9% | 66 2 2 = 4, 
 127 | Overseer, spinning .{Day.| 12 li 71 2 ~ - 2 
 128 | Overseer, weaving .| Day .| 114 84 | 66 2 1 - 3 
 129| Overseer, weaving .| Day .} 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 130 | Overseer, weaving .| Day .| 114 84] 66 2 - ~ 2 
 131) Overseer, weaving .| Day .| 114 9% | 66 2 - - 2 
 132 | Overseer, weaving .| Day .| 12 104 | 703 1 ~ = 1 
 133 | Overseer, weaving - | Day «4 cal ll 66 4 ~ - 4 
 134 | Overseer, weaving e WW DaAy sto dt 11 66 3 2 1 6 
 135 | Overseer, weaving Sayed SL 94 | 644 3 2 - 5 
 136 | Overseer, weaving .| Day .| 12 10 70 1 - - 1 
 137 | Overseer, weaving FRY veil Cee 83 | 66 1 ~ - 1 
 138 | Overseer, weaving ei DAY ie) ke U1 Tl: 2 38 - b) 
 139 | Overseer, weaving ./| Day .| 11 11 66 2 - ~ 2 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 115 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Con- 
 
 NECTICUT — Continued. 
 LL SE SE ch SSS ASSN CC 
 EARNINGS OF HeAD OF FAMILY Cost oF LivING. 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. 7 = : 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED oy e wm 2 H 
 DURING THE YEAR. . I gyl dul £42 
 te HE Others.} Total £ ~ z E S| E $| 3 & 
 Week. | Year. ; ti 2 sae Sar ees 
 - - $8 50 | $442 - $442 — {$2 25 - - 89 
 ~ - 8 50 442 = 442 - - - - 90 
 od One month. Unem- 
 . ployed . 4 sa oi eo 435 - 435 - - - - or 
 ~ - 8 00 416 ~ ~ _ - - _ 92 
 ~ - 7 00 364 - 364 | $60 - - - 93 
 - - 10 50 546 - 546 - - ~ - | 94 
 v - - 8 50 442 | $360 802 - - - - 95 
 - - 8 50 442 - 442 - - - $150 | 96 
 - - 12 00 624 | 364 988 - - - - 97 
 = = 9 00 468 - 468 | - - ~- 260 | 98 
 - - 9 00 468 - 468 - - - - 99 
 a - 7 50 390 - 390 - - - — | 100 
 - - 7 50 390 - 390 - | 2 50 - | 101 
 = , - 7 50 390 - - - - = - | 102 
 - = 8 00 416 - 416 48 - - - | 103 
 - -~ 16 00 780 -. 780 _ = - — | 104 
 - - 9 00 468 708 | 1,176 - - = 840 | 105 
 = - 7 50 390 - 390 = = - - | 106 
 - - 18 00 936 - 936 120 - - - | 107 
 ~ - 15 00 780 - 780 - 3 25 - - | 108 
 Two weeks. Vaca- 
 tion 5 és - {| 21 00 | 1,050 ~ 1,050 = ~ = - | 109 
 - - = 18 00 936 - - - - = = LO 
 - - 15 00 780 - 780 ~ ~ - 780 | 111 
 - - 10 50 546 - 546 —- | 2 32 - = | 112 
 - - 24 00 | 1,248 - 1,248 - — - - | 118 
 - — 19 50; 1,014 - - = - = 700 | 114 
 = - 18 00 936 - 936 — | 3 50 - - | 115 
 - - 24 00 | 1,248 | 450 1,698 - - = 225 GIS 
 - - 12 00 624 | 480 904 - - - - | 117 
 - - 10 50 585 - 585 - - =- - | 118 
 - - 12 00 624 ~ 624 - - - le, 
 = = = - - - - | 400 - — | 120 
 - - 17 31 900 - 900 - - - - | 121 
 - - 16 50 858 - 858 60 - - - | 122 
 = = = ~ - _ - - - 700 | 123 
 - - 18 00 936 ~ 936 - - = - | 124 
 - - 18 00 936 - 936 - - ~ 700 | 125 
 Two weeks. Vaca- 
 tion . - - | 21 00 | 1,050 - 1,050 |- - - - — | 126 
 ~ - 12 00 624 - 624 - - - atl O7 
 ~ - - - = = = - - - | 128 
 - - 18 00 936 - 936 - - - - | 129 
 - - ES: 00) 1 702 - 702 - - ~ — | 1380 
 - - - - = = = = - = leat 
 ~ - 18 00 936 - 936 - | 3 50 - - | 1382 
 ~ - 18 00 936 | 390] 1,326 _ - - — | 133 
 - ~ 15 00 780 | 812 | 1,092 - - - 1,092 | 134 
 - ~ 16 50 858 | 216 | 1,074 - - - 1,074 | 135 
 _ - 13 50 800 - 800 - | 3 25 - - | 186 
 . - ~ 14 00 728 = 728 - | 3 25 - — | 187 
 ~ - 15 00 780 - 780 - - - - | 138 
 - - 12 00 624 ad 624 - - - - | 1389 
 
116 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TaBLE V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Con- 
 NECTICUT —Concluded. | 
 
 Hours oF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. Heck Chit | Chil- 
 Work. Five |OnSat-} Per dren dren 
 Days. | urday. | Week. Adults. ance mer he Total. 
 140 | Overseer, weaving oh Darra 12 9 69 2 3 ~ 5 
 141 | Repairer, card room .| Day .| 11 11 66 2 - 1 3 
 142| Sorter . E : 2 ih DEY teapcp Le ll 66 1 = = 1 
 143 | Sorter—. L 2 2) Daye 9s 94 | 57 2 a 2 4 
 144 | Spinner . 2 S) Day | Ah 9 66 4 - - 4 
 145 | Spinner 2 A - | Piece; |. TF 1d 66 2 ~ 4 3 
 146 | Spinner 2S Al Biees, |) 725) Se, 8G 2 = ~ 2 
 147| Spinner, jack} . .| Piece,| lla 98 | 66 2 1 2 5 
 148 | Spinner, jack ; «+ Riece, | Its | Th 66 | 5 1 3 9 
 149 | Spinner, jack : . | Piece, | 114 92 | 66 vie - - 1 
 150| Spinner, jack . .| Piece,| 114] 84 | 66 2 = =i ee 
 151| Spinner, mule. . | Piece,| 12 108 | 708 + 3 1 6 
 152| Spinner, mule . . | Piece, | 114 | 10 674 3 I 1 5 
 153| Superintendent . of DE Roe tbe ll 66 2 ~ ~ z 
 154 | Weaver, second hand . | Day . 114 84 | 66 I - - 1 
 155 | Weaver, second hand .| Day .| 114 84 | 66 2 1 3 
 156 | Weaver, section hand .| Day .| 12 104 | 703 1 Ves Sk | es 
 157 | Weaver, section hand. | Day .| 12 9 69 2 - 1 3 
 158 | Weaver Oy PO plecenas Erde 83 | 66 1 s — ey 
 159 | Weaver 2 . . | Piece,| 11 Tl 66 4 - 1 5 
 160 | Weaver = 2 ¢ | Riece, 4°08 11 66 2 2 - 4 
 161 | Weaver “ A » 1 Piece; Wh 11 66 6 - - 6 
 162 | Weaver 7 5 - | Piece, | (ik 11 66 2 2 - 4 
 163 | Weaver Z : «| Piece, | {11 11 66 2 5 2 7 
 164| Weaver . . «| Piece,} 114 | 84] 66 ~ = eles 
 165 | Weaver wee Met Diete wii 9% | 66 2 3 = 5 
 166 | Weaver r : . | Piece, | 114 84 | 66 = - - ~ 
 167 | Weaver A : . | Piece, | 114 8$ | 66 ~ os a = 
 168 | Weaver d : - | Piece, | 12 9 69 4 6 2 i? 
 169 | Weaver ‘ ‘ «| Piece,| 11 11 66 1 - - 1 
 170 | Weaver : A si Biece eld 11 66 1 — = (ot 
 171 | Weaver F Fi - | Piece,| 11 11: 66 2 2 - 4 
 172 | Weaver 6 ho al Blea. al ke 84| 66 1 - = 1 
 173 | Weaver : ; «| Piece, |. ie 9% | 66 2 5 ~ 7 
 174| Weaver : : . | Piece, | 11 11 66 2 - - 2 
 175 | Weaver ¢ . . | Piece, | 12 11 71 1 - - 1 
 176| Weaver ‘ 4 .'| Piece,| 114 84 | 66 i) = - 1 
 177 | Weaver i 3 . | Piece, | 114 84| 66 1 - - 1 
 178 | Weaver ; : . | Piece, | 12 1l 71 1 ~ - 1 
 179| Weaver ¢ : |) Pies, | Elk 94 | 644 2 3 2 7 
 180 | Weaver q : . | Piece,| 11 11 66 2 2 2 6 
 181) Weaver : : fees, the 104 | 704 1 - ~ 1 
 182 | Weaver ° ; | Pieces, | 012 105.| 703 1 - - 1 
 Hosiery. 
 183 | Overseer, finishing «| Day.) 114 94 | 66 = - - oa 
 184 | Overseer, knitting «| Day. | 114 94 | 66 2 2s 2 
 185 | Overseer, knitting and 
 spinning . ; -| Day .| 10 10 60 - - - - 
 Twine. 
 186 | Overseer, spinning .|Day.| 12 } 9 69 2 4 1 7 
 Not given. 
 
 187 | Not given . A .| Day .| 12 11 71 3 2 - 5 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 117 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Con- 
 NECTICUT — Concluded. 
 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY Cost oF LIVING. 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. |———7——7Z er : 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED gS BS ao =i 
 
 DURING THE YEAR. 4 ool as al ee B 
 
 Per Per oS | 283) ga¢| a 2 
 
 Week. | Year. Others.| Total. 5 ral S25 SRE S>8 
 - - $16 20 | $845 - $845 - - ~ - 140 
 - - 11 50 598 - 598 - = - $450 | 141 
 - - 10 50 546 - 546 - - ~ - 142 
 ~ - 16 50 858 | $240 | 1,098 - - ~ - 143° 
 ~- - 9 00 468 - 468 - ~ - - 144 
 - - 10 75 546 - - $24 - - ~ 145 
 - - 8 00 416 - - (ie - - _ 146 
 - - 11 75 600 _ 600 We - - - 147 
 - - 9 00 468 832 | 1,300 - — — - 148 
 ~ - 9 00 468 - 468 - |$3 50 - - 149 
 _ - 8 75 455 —_ 455 30 - - ~- 150 
 — - 9 00 468 80 548 - - = - 151 
 - = 9 00 468 396 864 84 ~ ~ ~ 152 
 - 18 00 936 - 936 - ~- - 153 
 - - 7 60 390 -_ 390 - 3 25 = - 154 
 - - 10 50 546 - 546 385 - = ~ 155 
 - - 10 50 546 - 046 - _ ~ - 156 
 - - 9 00 468 - 468 36 - - - 157 
 ~ - 4 50 120 - 120 = - = - 158 
 - - 7 00 364 132 496 —- _ - ~ 159 
 = = 9 00 468 ~- 468 78 ~ — - 160 
 = —_ 10 00 520 - 520 - - - - 161 
 - - 9 00 468 - 468 - - - = 162 
 - = 9 00 468 70 538 60 - - - 163 
 - - 7 50 390 ~ 390 40 - - - 164 
 - = 9 00 468 - 468 48 - - = 165 
 - ~ 8 50 442 - 449 = = - - 166 
 - - 6 50 338 - 338 - - - 167 
 - _ 8 50 449 ~ - - - - = 168 
 - - 7 50 390 = 390 - 3 50 - - 169 
 - - 6 50 338 - 338 - 3 00 = ~ 170 
 —- = 9 00 468 = 468 72 = - - 171 
 - ~ 9 00 468 - 468 - 3 00 - - 172 
 - oa 8 00 416 - 416 48 - - - 173 
 = - 7 50 390 - 390 ~ - - Sih 74 
 - = 6 50 338 - 338 - 275 - = 175 
 - - 8 00 416 - 416 - 3 00 - - 176 
 - - 8 00 416 = ‘416 - - |$3 00 ~ 177 
 = - 9 00 468 = 468 - 3 25 - = 178 
 - oa 12 00 624 - 624 - = ~ 624 | 179 
 s = 8 50 442 216 658 - - - 658 | 180 
 - - 7 50 390 - 390 - 3 00 - - 181 
 = = 9 00 416 - 416 -_ - 3 50 _ 182 
 = = Ts ~ 900 - 900 - - - - 183 
 = - 16 50 858 - 858 = - - - 184 
 - = 21 00 | 1,092 = 1,092 144 - ~ - 185 
 
 Six weeks. Unem- 
 ployed . ° - | 10 00 460 - 460 - ~ - — | 186 
 
 - - 15 00 780} —- 780 75 - - - | 187 
 
118 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of LACES etc. 
 
 YoOrK. 
 
 New 
 
 DHABI wWHH 
 
 OCCUPATIONS. 
 
 Cotton. 
 Carder . ; : 
 Dresser tender 
 Measurer, cloth . 
 Overseer 
 Overseer of carding 
 Overseer of carding 
 Overseer of carding 
 
 Overseer of mule 
 
 room 
 
 Overseer of spinning . 
 Overseer of spinning . 
 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Overseer of weaving 
 
 Spinner ; ; 
 Spinner 
 
 Wool. 
 Dyer 
 
 Overseer. : 
 
 Overseer of carding 
 Overseer of carding 
 Overseer of carding 
 Overseer of carding 
 Overseer of carding 
 Overseer of carding 
 Overseer of carding 
 Overseer of carding 
 
 Overseer of carding 
 
 and combing 
 
 Overseer of fulling 
 
 and finishing . 
 Overseer of spinning 
 Overseer of spinning 
 Overseer of spinning 
 
 Overseer of spinning . 
 Overseer of spinning . 
 
 Overseer of spinning 
 Overseer of spinning 
 
 Overseer of spooling 
 
 and dressing 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Overseer of weaving 
 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Overseer of weaving 
 Spinner 4 
 Spinner, jack 
 Weaver fs . 
 Weaver . : 
 
 Hours oF LABOR. 
 
 Day or 
 Piece 
 Work. | Five |On Sat- 
 Days. | urday. 
 Day’ .} 11%). 10* 
 Day . | 1124 93 
 Day . | 114 8h 
 Piece, 114 98 
 Day . | 1lé 83 
 Day . 114 93 
 Day. | 114 8h 
 Tisce: 114 94 
 Piece, 112 9f 
 Day oo 11ee Ss 
 Day . ll 83 
 Day . 11g 84 
 Day . | il 84 
 Day . 1lt 8t 
 Day . 114 9% 
 Piece, 11* | 10* 
 Day . 114 94 
 Days: | V4 93 
 Day .} 104} 8% 
 Day. | 10%/] 74 
 Day . 11 8 
 Day 20} (112) e8 
 Day . | 114} 104 
 Day. | 114} 104 
 Day. 104 84 
 Day . 14 93 
 Day . 114 98 
 Day . | 104 84 
 Daye nid 8 
 Day . 114 93 
 Day .| 10$| 8% 
 Day .| 114] 93 
 Day . 114 al 
 Day . | 114] 10 
 Day. 114 84 
 Daye i 11g 93 
 Day . | 103 83 
 Day ./ 114 84 
 Day . 114 93 
 Day . | 114 98 
 Day ..| 114} 104 
 Day . | 104 84 
 Day . 114 93 
 Day . 1l4 93 
 Piece, 114 93 
 Piece, ll 8 
 Piece, })) 114 9% 
 Piece, 11 8 
 
 Per 
 
 Week. Adults. 
 
 NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 
 Chil- 
 dren 
 under 
 10. 
 
 NNMNNWNWPL KS i bo > bo dD bo bO 8 
 i 1 | Qe | eo 
 
 No No 
 
 =| | WHwWHww wo 
 
 WOOnwNMwWNwdy HO HMWNOTNNWwWNHNY F- 
 
 erwel til | ep 
 
 NWNMWANNNNHN NWWwWhHPD 
 New !l www Ce ee | 
 
 Chil- 
 dren 
 above 
 10. 
 
 I 1) | = 1 bo 
 
 Vey Shea et et 
 
 Jr [Pl For een onl Wes fl ee 
 
 —bom |] | te] 
 
 | el | 
 
 ioet i tel 
 
 Total. 
 
 PPNWNEAPO F&F NP OPRNRN 
 
 te 
 Ss WNOTMODWPL Gt © 
 
 — 
 
 EPWONTIRNN AWWNH LONNNWAIS, 
 
 * One-sixth. 
 
 { Five-twelfths. 
 
 } Eleven-twelfths. 
 
5 
 
 UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 119 
 
 Taste V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. NEw 
 YORK. 
 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD OF FAMILY Cost oF LIVING. 
 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. 
 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED 3 Bitte, © ae tas 
 DURING THE YEAR. Pag miu | Bod 22 e 
 Rema h Peed W recanted B28/3 3 
 Week. | Year. ers.) Lotal. 5 See sae 5s, 
 ~ - $7 12 | $370 | $168 | $538 | $84 a = $538 | 1 
 - = 15 00 780 - 780 Ee ee ani = g 
 - - 6 60 343 20 363 65 |$4 00 |§2 50 - 3 
 - - 12 00 624 - 624 60 | 3 50 | 2 25 624; 4 
 “ zs 15 00 780 - 780 96 | 8 50 | 3 00 = 5 
 ~ - 15 00 780 208 988 96 | 4 00 | 2 50 - 6 
 ~ - 11 58 622 - 622 78 | 3 50 | 2 50 - a 
 One week. Unem- 
 ployed . : . | 12 00 600 | 260 860 = = a - 8 
 - - 13 50 702 312 | 1,014 60 | 3 50 | 2 50. 914 9 
 - - 19 50 | 1,014 234 | 1,248 65 - = - 10 
 - = 19 50 | 1,014 572 | 1,586 96 | 3 75 | 2 25 - 11 
 - = 15 00 780 = 780 - le as softy (Bk oe 
 - = 18 00 936 - 936 |) = ~ — 936 | 13 
 - — 19 50 | 1,014 - 1,014 75 | 3 50 | 2.00 = 14. 
 - = 12 00 600 * 600 78 | 4.00 | 2 50 ii a 49; 
 = = 9 50 494 - 494 104 BEGUN Ps - 16 
 ~ - 6 00 312 a 812 = = ce SIS VELE 
 Three weeks. Un- 
 employed . > 16 75 35L | 924 | 1,275 - aa = = tO SS 
 ~ = 21 00 | 1,092 - 1,092 120 = 3 00 a 19 
 - - 12 00 624. = 624 - = = - 20 
 “Ss = 12 00 624 - 624 54 - ae Es 21 
 - = 21 00 | 1,000 a 1,000 84 = S - Dp 
 = —- 18 00 936 - 936 us ee = ADR: 
 _ = 23°25 | 1,200 = 1,200 = = e4 ae ot 
 - = 18 00 936 260 | 1,196 96 | 4 00 - - 25 
 a hs 19 50| 1,014; - | 1,014] 96] 4 00| 3 50 = 26 
 = - 18 00 936 - 936 - be = BEN by 
 = = 21 00 | 1,092 = 1,092 - | 450 | 3 50 Pe [oes 
 = = 12 00 624 - 624 48 = = =) | 29 
 = — 21 00 | 1,000 - 1,000 48 - - = 3 
 - = 16 50 858 - 858 156 = - - 3l 
 - - 18 00 936 ~ 936 93 es _ - | 32 
 = = 15 50 806 - 806 = = - - 33 
 - - 12 00 624. = 624 Ss = - = 34 
 - - 18 00 936 | 850 | 1,786 = ie = 1,200 | 35 
 Two weeks. Unem- 
 ployed . : - | 15 00 780 - 780 a = 460 | 36 
 _ = 16 20 843 = 843 72 | 5 00} 3 50 Sh oy 
 - - 18 00 936 = 936 | 108 - - - | 38 
 - - 18 00 936 - 936 60 - - - 39 
 Three weeks. Un- 
 employed ._ . | 21 50 896 - 896 84 - - - | 40 
 = - 18 00 936 552 | 1,488 - - - - 41 
 - - 18 90 | 983 -_ 983 » Bs — 983 | 42 
 - - 24 00 | 1,248 - 1,248 90 | 4 00 | 8 00 =) ao 
 - - 18 00 936 - 936 120 m= = 936 | 44 
 - - 8 30 432 Ae 432 24 _ - — | 46 
 - - 11 00 572 | 144 716 - - ~ - | 46 
 Wan - 9 24 480 ‘s 480 66 | 3 75 | 2 50 450 | 47 
 Ten weeks. Unem- 
 ployed . i - | 10 00 468 - 468 48 = - — | 48 
 
 Cee eee ee ee eS ee ee See 
 SE A EE La AS SS SE SESE RT eT SE 
 
120 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 TaBLE V.— Occupations, Earnings, Cost of Living, etc. Naw 
 York — Concluded. 
 
 Hours oF LABOR. NUMBER IN FAMILY. 
 Day or 
 OCCUPATIONS. Fite Chil- | Chil- 
 Work. Five |OnSat-| Per dren dren 
 Days. | urday.| Week, |A4ults-| under | above | Total. 
 
 10. 10. 
 
 ies Pst 
 
 49 | Weaver s : . | Piece, 114 94| 654 1 — - 1 
 
 B0\| Weaver. -. 4 Piece, | Itt | 98) 66 | 9 |) 20) 
 
 Worsted. 
 51 | Overseer of weaving .!| Day .j| 114 74 | 633 1 - - 1 
 Carpets. 
 52 | Overseer of weaving .| Day. | 104 8% | 60 3 = - 3 
 53 | Overseer of weaving 
 and finishing . Day «| i* 9 66 2 2 - | 4 
 Hosiery. 
 
 54 | Overseer of carding .| Day .| 114 83 | 66 
 55 | Overseer of finishing .| Day . 11 94 | 644 
 56 | Overseer of knitting .| Day . 114 93 | 66 
 57 | Overseer of knitting .| Day. | 114 84.| 66 
 
 bobo bob 
 el ee 
 m1 wl 
 H bo Gi O18 
 
 * Two-fifths. 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 121 
 
 TaBLE V.— Occupations, Harnings, Cost of Living, etc. Nrw 
 York — Concluded. 
 
 EARNINGS OF HEAD of FAMILY Cost oF Livine. 
 AND OTHERS IN THE FAMILY. s = ; 
 TIME UNEMPLOYED 3 eee: a 
 DURING THE YEAR. i 4 sul acul 243 
 Per Per : oS | 28'9| 2 So| qa 
 Week. | Year. Others.| Total. 5 a RET SSE S28, 
 = = $6 00 | $240 - $240 - |$2 54 ~ i 4 OG 
 Three weeks. Un- 
 employed . oh oo 415 = 415 | $60 - - — | 50 
 - - a a - - ms = - | $2 50 | 51 
 ~ - 24 00 | 1,200 = 1,200 = = pe - | 52 
 2 ae 30 00 | 1,500 - 1,500 96 | 4 00 |$3 00 - 53 
 ws =. 20 00 | 1,040 = 1,040 96 _ - - | 54 
 os ms 12 00 624 | $108 (on w LOas ed Ons 2 54 — | 5d 
 - - 24 00 | 1,248 - 1,248 - 5 00 | 2 75 | $6 00 | 56 
 oe - 18 90 982 - 982 eS TB 2 7o —- | 57 
 
122 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS BY EMPLOYES. 
 
 What would be the effect upon wages of a law establishing the hours 
 of labor at GO per week? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H.| R.1I. | Conn.| N. Y¥. | Totals. 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Would raise wages. ° : Pe deer 25 16 3 2 56 
 B. Would reduce wages . ; meee 3 1 63 22 | 105 
 C. No permanent effect . ‘ : ee We 52 29 72 26 204 
 D. Could not answer et teed 4 ; 2 4 5 47 7 65 
 {. No reply : : ° ° “ - - 1 2 - 3 
 Totals . ; : ; ; si Oe | 84 | 52 | 187 57 | 433 
 Othe 
 REPLIES. Mass. Mie 2 Totals. 
 
 Condensed, in oe 
 A. Would raise wages ; é : - a ae. 56 | 144 
 B. Would reduce wages . : : ;: 4 : z 2 | 106 hee 
 C. No permanent effect . 3 , F ; é P ‘ 1 | 204 | 205 
 D. Could not answer definitely . . : y ° : 3 65 68 
 K. No reply e e e ° ° e e ° e e 18 3 21 
 
 Totals . . ‘ : . . . . . - | 112 | 483 | 545 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 A. If the ten-hour law was extended to other States, it would 
 
 raise wages at least ten per cent 4 3 ~ 3 
 D. There would not be so much stoppage, for the market 
 would be better . : - : ; 1 - 1 
 
 What is the desire, if any, for a uniform system of laws on the 
 hours of labor? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. N.H Rew Conn. | N. Y. | Totals 
 Condensed, in et 
 A. A general desire . ; : es Ape) 63 52 76 21 | 238 
 B. An individual desire . é 4 : 13 18 - 4] 9 81 
 C. Nodesire . ‘: , De 2 _ 53 oT} 88 
 D. Could not answer “definitely 4 ; 2 - - 15 5 22 
 K.- No reply e ° e e e e — 1 —, 2 l 4 
 
 Totals . 2 ¢ . ; Sh ile iss: 84 OL e LOL oT 433 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. It would be a great deal better to 
 have ten hours . ; - ~ - 1 - 1 
 A desire, if not accompanied with a 
 reduction of wages : . . ~ - - - 5 5 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 123 
 STATEMENTS BY EmpLoyés — Continued. 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H./| R.I. | Conn.) N. Y. | Totals. 
 B. Wonld prefer ten hours, cae take 
 what could be earned ; A - - - 31 3l 
 Think it would be a good thing . - - - 1 - 1 
 C. Do not know any thing about it. ; - = - 3 3 
 Satisfied with 66 hours per week, and 
 with such pay as I can earn - - - i - 1 
 As soon work as they are, as to have 
 the ten-hour law - ~ - 2 ~ 2 
 D. Ten hours enough for any one to 
 work. - - - 3 - 3 
 If they could earn as much in ten 
 hours as they could in eleven, would 
 want ten . - = - 7 - A 
 The operatives would be better satis- 
 fied ; ‘ - - - i ~ 1 
 Part want ten and part eleven - - - 1 - 1 
 Prefer the pay to the time . - - ~ 1 - 1 
 
 A. 
 B. 
 C. 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A general desire ; : 5 
 An individual desire - 
 
 No desire 7 3 
 
 D. Could not answer definitely. 
 
 EK. 
 
 A. 
 
 D. 
 
 No reply 
 
 Totals . ; 4 3 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 
 Massachusetts operatives favor the ten-hour law because 
 they feel the benefit of it, and should like it to be ex- 
 
 tended to other States 
 
 Would curtail production to such an extent ‘that ‘there 
 would be a greater ae for pe ets we are em- 
 
 ployed on . : . é 
 
 Othe 
 
 Mass. Shee: Totals. 
 92 238 330 
 8 81 &9 
 - 88 88 
 5 22 27 
 7 4 11 
 112 433 545 
 2 - 2 
 1 - 1 
 
124 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS BY EmpLoyks — Continued. 
 
 Does the ten-hour law of Massachusetts affect the employes in any 
 way? If so, how? 
 
 A. 
 B. 
 C. 
 D. 
 EK. 
 
 A. 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 aa © mn Fae 
 Favorably . 
 Unfavorably - : ‘ 
 Noeffect . : ; 
 Could not answer definitely 4 ‘ 
 No reply 5 ° ; : : 
 
 Totals . A ‘ ; : 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 Asanexample . 
 
 It causes many to leave here to work 
 there . 
 
 It has caused two of our boys. to go 
 there. 
 
 Makes them “feel ‘uneasy, and talk of 
 going there . 
 
 Makes the best mechanics go there ° 
 
 Cannot keep them here if they can 
 get work there . 
 
 Operatives from there ‘say they prefer 
 to work there on account of less 
 hours 
 
 I worked there, and when I ‘came 
 back I did not like it - 
 
 It makes it hard to hire good hands 
 here . 
 
 Gives hopes of obtaining the law here, 
 
 It makes them discontented with our 
 long hours : 
 
 Makes them desire such a law here 
 
 mind seem to think ten hours are bet- 
 ter? 
 
 They think the law would improve 
 them socially 4 5 
 
 Makes them discontented 
 
 Crowds us by making the amount 
 earned there in ten hours the stan- 
 dard here for eleven 
 
 Came from there, and earn ‘more 
 money here; more pay per cut 
 
 It causes the poorest help to come 
 here and work for next to nothing . 
 
 Does not make them any better . 
 
 It don’t now, but it did in the begin- 
 ning . 
 
 Are so far from the line, do not feel it, 
 
 Heard them talk about it considera- 
 bly before we began ten hours 
 
 Ten hours is about all a man can 
 stand 
 
 Employés can earn more there in ten 
 hours than here in eleven 
 
 It affects the woollen more than the 
 cotton operatives 
 
 Some operatives from there complain 
 a good deal on Saturday . 
 
 Me. 
 
 bo 
 
 bo | 
 
 ee | 
 
 I 
 
 INSEL: 
 
 R. I. 
 
 Conn. 
 
 he 
 
 Totals. 
 
 | 
 = Kd wo CO bv 
 
 I I 
 — 
 on OF OF FF W 
 
 | I 
 bo 
 se © me CO ee eb Um! pe 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 125 
 
 STATEMENTS BY Emprioyrts — Continued. 
 
 ase ener eee eee ee eee 
 
 Other 
 REPLIES. Mass. | gtates, Totals. 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Favorably . : A 5 5 ‘ 4 - 4 .| 42 54 96 
 B. Unfavorably . ; : ; : ; : . “ : 2 30 32 
 C. No effect : 4 : 5 : : “ : - | 158 “| 168 
 
 MeiGrdid act answerdefinitelyss ny Celtis (on ee eee) 2B [4068 | TE 
 E. No reply : : . ; : : “ ‘ 
 
 Totals . : : : . ; : . .| 112 | 483 | 545 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 
 A. Weare better off every way “ : : A 
 Gives us more time for rest and mental improvement ae PLO - 10 
 The people are healthier and farther advanced than in the 
 
 twelve-hour States. x - ‘ { : : : 1 - 1 
 B. It overstocks the labor market; by that means wages are 
 lower than they would be if ten hours were adopted by 
 every State. ; : 4 : : ‘ f : : 1 ~ L 
 ae py way it affects us is that we are overcrowded with 
 elp x “ : 3 ° - 4 3 1 - 1 
 
 Has the Massachusetts ten-hour law any influence upon the supply 
 of skilled operatives? If so, how? 
 
 Deanne eee eran nse nieinetn enn SSS 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H.| R.I. | Conn. |} N. Y. | Totals. 
 Condensed, in full 
 
 A. Increases wages and supply , ; - - - 3 - 3 
 B. Decreases wages and supply : eas, a 5 29 - 80 
 C. Noeffect . ‘ : ; ; a} 20 37 31 24 eh UAT 
 D. Could not answer definitely ° 2 9 15 15 49 - 88 
 te Noreply . ; § . : : 2 3 1 82 57 145 
 Totals . “ : : - Ape 033} 84 52 | 187 57 «| 4383 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. They come here because work is so 
 much easier; don’t speed up so, and 
 can go out half-hour to get lunch . - - - 1 - 1 
 Know of operatives from there to 
 come here because they could get 
 more pay on account of having 
 
 more hours : “ : : 5 ~ - - 2 - 2 
 B. The best skilled operatives leave here 
 to go there : : E ; ieee 29 - 19 - 61 
 Skilled operatives will not come here 
 if they can get work there ° ; - - 1 - - 1 
 The best spinners go there, where they 
 have shorter hours and _ higher 
 wages ; . : : : - - 3 - - 3 
 Think it makes them more scarce 
 here . : : : ‘ : : - - 1 4 - 5 
 It draws toward rather than from 
 there . : ; - : ° : - - - 6 ~ 6 
 D. Spinners go both ways “ : : - - - 1 - 1 
 ~ Will go back there as soon asI can . - = - 1 - 1 
 
 ———————— aa 
 
126 STATISTICS 
 
 OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS OF EmpLoyts — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H. | R.I. | Conn.}| N. ¥. | Totals: 
 Know of some to come here, but 
 whether for more pay I do not 
 know : ; . : - : ~ - - 1 - 1 
 Notice that the best workingmen come 
 from there ; : : ‘ - 1 - - - 1 
 Have known operatives to come from 
 there because they could work more 
 hours, etc., and have also known 
 them to go there on account of less 
 hours ; : a ; . ; - - ~ 1 - 1 
 the 
 REPLIES. Mass. | gtates,| Potals 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Increases wages and supply . : . 24 3 27 
 B. Decreases wages and supply “ - ; - 80 80 
 C. No effect : : : : ; c . . 3 | 17 yaw 
 D. Could not answer definitely . 4 on ne FS Near 5 88 | 103 
 E. No reply . . ° : A A ° e| 70.) 1 1455s eee 
 Totals. : = , : ‘ 112 | 433 | 545 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 A. Yes; skilled operatives are hard to be found where: they 
 work over ten hours . 15 - 15 
 
 You will always find more ‘skilled labor where they run 
 
 shorter hours 
 
 . 1 - 1 
 
 Are your opportunities for employment good or poor? 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 » Good . : é 5 Fe 2 
 Poor 
 Hair)! /2 . ‘ ; : 
 Could not answer definitely 
 - No reply : 3 : 
 
 Totals . . p ‘ 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 
 Good when there is water to run the 
 mill; have lost time from low 
 water 4 : : ‘ ‘ 
 
 I could always find something to do . 
 
 Should probably find it hard to get 
 work if I should leave here or be 
 discharged for any cause . : 
 
 Me. N. H. | BR. I. |-Conn; | Ny Yauetotalas 
 31 53 41 100 55 280 
 19 6 6 - = 3l 
 
 2 24 4 30 2 62 
 
 apy ee 1 merece 1 
 
 1 1 - 57 - 59 
 63 | 84 | 52 | 187 | 67 | 438 
 
 - 2, = = - wy 
 
 me am he Tell A eee a 1 
 
 ss 3 Z m By: 3 
 
 SSS aL RUEERELSESSSECIc eee ee LO, EN Re 
 See 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 127 
 
 STATEMENTS oF Empioyrrs — Continued. 
 
 Other 
 
 Mass. States. Totals. 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 EP TOUO YS  sMuliie Line ee, A hates eel es | vs RSH -| 383 | 280 | 313 
 Weep OOP! (8 .' lst sais : Net Breas : : ° -| 36 31 67 
 
 C. Fair : ‘ ° - ; ef OL 62 93 
 D. Could not answer definitely. - : : F : : 6 1 c 
 E. No reply ; : : “ . - : ; - 6 59 65 
 
 Totals. : . ° ° ° - : ° | 112 | 483 | 545 
 
 a 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in Le 
 
 A. There is always work . : : ; “4 : of 26 - 16 
 B. Poor, if I get out of work . ms 3 : ° AL AB - 10 
 C. Sometimes good, sometimes bad . . - ; . : 2 - 2 
 
 If hours are reduced, can you earn as much as now ? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 
 U5 oh Sa - 3 ; } ‘ «|. al 69 44 41 17 | 202 
 B. No : : ; : 5 “Ala XE 4 - 37 13 71 
 Cc. Doubtful. ; : ; - 4 - 15 4 23 
 D. Could not answer ‘definitely’ : : + fi 8 Al, 14 50 
 
 EK. Noreply . . . “ ; : 1 
 
 cc ee | ee | 
 
 Totals . ° ° . : -| 53 84 52 | 187 57 | 483 
 
 In detail, in part. ; 
 A. Eventually more. ; se 5 i 1 - - 7 
 If machinery was speeded up : - - - i - 1 
 I could; I don’t work more than ten 
 hours. on the average . - - 1 ~ - 1 
 B. Not at the present rate of wages, if 
 they were reduced in proportion . 1 2 = 5 1 9 
 D. Think I could on spinning . - _ _ 1 1 
 Don’t think it could make any differ- 
 ence with my wages - - - 1 - 1 
 It would depend on the manufac- 
 turers ° - ~ - - 2 2 
 If I did as much, I would earn as 
 much - - - 1 ~ 1 
 Perhaps not at first; after. a little, if 
 the pay was raised, think I ey 
 get more . ° ~ = 3 6 ~ 9 
 Work 60 hours per week now ° : - 1 - - 7 8 
 } Other 
 REPLIES. Mass. | gtates, Totals. 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Yes ‘ : : ; u : : . : 3 sO wh QU ata Dare 
 B. No. , : ; : ; ; : z : : 5 (a) 76 
 C. Doubtful . : : ; - - : 1 23 24 
 D. Could not answer definitely . ° ° Z ; Fi : 2 50 52 
 EK. No reply h : , ‘ : : é ; 2 9 87 96 
 Totals . 3 ; - 5 " - : ; - | 112 | 483 | 545 
 
 a 
 
128 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS BY EmpLoyvEs — Continued. 
 
 In the long run, can you accomplish as much in your line in 10 
 hours per day as in 11, other things being equal? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H.| R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Yes : , : : : - | 384 81 46 82 27 | 270 
 B. No SURI eMC a sth in Subeae aI os 2 2 |..50 22 ae 
 C. Doubtful “ : ; - - 2 28 - 30 
 D. Could not answer ‘definitely - 2 1 2 24 5 34 
 EK. No reply ‘ ° 5 : ; 2 - - 3 3 8 
 
 Totals . . . : -| 63 84 52 | 187 57 | 433 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. The shorter the hours, the more a 
 
 man feels like work . * ; = = - 1 = 1 
 I could weave as much in ten hours 
 as in eleven ‘ = = 2 0, a 2 
 
 If operatives were rightly managed 
 they would do just as much in ‘ten 
 as in eleven hours, for when we 
 shorten the hours we increase the 
 
 production b - - - 2 - 2 
 Yes; and in the year we could accom- 
 plish more ; 2 11 5 9 - 27 
 
 They can do about as much work in 
 ten hours as they used to in eleven. 
 (The informant works ten hours) . - - - 2 - 
 
 Could gain a part of the hour . . - - - ~ 1 
 
 Can do as much in ace hours as now 
 in eleven . ; - 1 - - 
 
 Can do all my work i in whatever time 
 the millruns . - 
 
 Average more work in ‘ten hours than 
 in eleven or twelve and a half hours. 
 (Works ten hours) . - - - ~ 1 1 
 
 Produce more with eleven hours’ ‘work 
 than when we worked twelve . : = 14 = - kL ] 2 
 
 We used to run eleven hours; we now 
 run ten, and produce just about as 
 much; the diminution is very slight, - - - 2 - 2 
 
 The operatives say they would work 
 harder, and could afford to run with 
 a little more speed, for the sake of 
 the extra hour . : h ; - - - 6 
 
 B. No; but I could earn as much ‘ 1 _ = - - 
 
 Looms run now as fast as they can, 
 and so weavers would lose the hour, - ~ ~ 1 
 
 Not if we had work right seine ‘ - - - 1 
 
 Not on the same speed - - ~ 1 
 
 3 
 
 - —& eb 
 
 C. It would probably make no "difference 
 unless speed was increased. - - 1 
 Perhaps not; what then? I do more 
 work now than I am paid for . ~ - 1 - - 
 
 D. Perhaps with steady work we might 
 gain a little, but it depends entirely 
 
 upon the speed of the machinery . 1 1 1 
 Never tried it, so it is hard to say : ~ - - 
 
 I did as much in eleven hours as I 
 was accustomed to do in twelve, 
 
 but prefer to do it in pvele, and 
 
 take it a little easier . : - - - 1 
 Perhaps not; but I could earn as 
 muchasnow . : “ : A 1 - 1 
 
 i 
 ES . BRR EO 
 
 > 
 I 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 123 
 
 STATEMENTS BY EmpLoyts — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. MeN... | I. | Conn; N: Y.. | Totals, 
 Think it quite probable that we could, 
 take the spinners on an average Z - - - t ~ 1 
 I think there is fully as much done 
 now in ten hours as in eleven . - - _ ~ 4 - 1 
 When we dress, we never worked 
 more than nine or ten hours . - - - 1 - L 
 
 I should use every endeavor, and, 
 though I might not accomplish as 
 much at first, in the end I could do 
 more . . A F : : ‘ - - - 3 1; 4 
 
 (From an overseer.) When we first 
 began with ten hours I was not 
 troubled with my help; and, though © 
 we produced as much as we used to 
 in eleven, now the help want to be 
 out more, and we do not produce as 
 much. : ; “ : . 5 - ~ - 1 ~ 1 
 
 ee — ——_————_————————————————— 
 
 Other 
 REPLIES. Mass. States. Totals. 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 
 AY Yes » . . . -| 94 | 270 | 364 
 
 ne eee ee So ly lob opi oF 
 C. Doubtful . : ; : - , - : : 5 - 30 30 
 D. Could not answer definitely . - ‘ - 4 : 4 4 34 38 
 E. Noreply . s . : s ‘ . . ; * ad atte 8 22 
 
 Totals 2 ; ; - | 112 | 488 | 545 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 A. We are doing a great deal more in ten than we ever did in 
 eleven hours : é 3 « F ° ° r : 4 - 7 
 D. They are not equal: we have higher speed . F . : 1 1 
 
 a ee i te ee 
 
 What disposition would be made of more leisure? | 
 NN 
 
 Nays 
 
 REPLIES. ‘' Me. Conn. Totals. 
 
 ———— 5S = aT cS Sa SESS CG SIRES GS Ieee ies 7 aa Gee eee ee ———E———EE ee ee 
 
 Condensed, in full. 
 A. Make a good use of it . 
 
 B. Makeapoorussofit. . ~ .f 1 = ferboe bf 34 ou 
 C. Did not answer definitely . 2 : 1 3 3 8 2 17 
 D. No reply a ‘ . > 2 2 - - - 4 
 
 mre | ee | a | | en 
 
 Totals . ‘ . . . -| 53 84 52 | 187 57 =| 433 
 
130 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS BY Empioyrks — Continued. 
 
 REPLIES. Me. N. H. | R.I. | Conn.| N. Y. | Totals. 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A. It would not be hard to find a Boge 
 use for more leisure time . 5 17 
 Work around the ee and improve 
 its appearance . : : - 
 Spend the time with my family A 6 
 Should work in my garden, and do 
 any odd chores about the house - 
 Should have more time to rest . 1 
 Breathing the pure air, and looking 
 about me to see what is going on 1 
 Read, study, and rest . : : ‘ 9) 
 1 
 1 
 
 _ 
 oO 
 
 14 | 15 95) 768 
 
 —_ 
 “100 
 —_ 
 ~] 
 or 
 fs 
 lo 2) 
 
 — 
 bo Nolewre Nore Cb 
 
 Reading and visiting : 
 Read and reflect . : 
 In recreation and reading 
 Study music, attend singing school, 
 and other healthy amusements : - 
 The mill-owners propose establishing 
 a reading room, and I should 50 
 there . - | - ~ 1 - 1 
 Recreation, healthy out- door exer- 
 cises, and evening amusements ; 1 1 1 12 5 20 
 Self-improvement and betterment of 
 our condition . 2 14 ~ 6 
 Should sew and mend my clothing 
 and do my work at home (females), 1 2 3 7 
 Mental, moral, physical, and social 
 improvement ; 1 5 - + - 10 
 1 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 me | bo = | 
 — 
 
 Se or 
 
 tote) 
 
 Sit down and have a smoke, read a 
 paper, and rest myself . ~ - - 
 Could get to bed earlier; get through 
 reading paper earlier = ~ = 
 Could use it very profitably ; could 
 store my mind; now it is all work 
 and sleep . - - ~ 1 - 1 
 Should have more time to work round 
 the house, perhaps; too tired now . - - = 1 ~ 1 
 Should have more time to devote to 
 the education of my children and 
 increasing the pleasures of home . meek 1 
 Would learn to play in the band 
 I should do my own sewing; ten 
 hours would be the greatest boon 
 that could be given the wOrRine 
 classes (female) : - - ~ 1 ~ 1 
 I think if he were at home a ‘little 
 more with his family and children, 
 
 ee 
 ee 
 m— co 
 
 it would do him good (female) ‘ - - - 1 - 1 
 In the winter I should attend evening 
 
 school : - - =e 1 2 
 Should take comfort at home, and get 
 
 rested for the next day’s work. . ~ - ~ 1 - 1 
 
 Might lie in bed a little more and have 
 more time for dinner, and I could 
 take care of my garden . - ~ - 1 - 1 
 
 Men of family would work in garden, ; 
 saw wood, and such like, while the 
 younger folks would go and enjoy 
 themselves : - - ~ 1 - 1 
 
 I would be helping about the house; 
 a good many would make a bad 
 use; would be out on the street 
 smoking; Americans would do bet- 
 ter; half French here. ; - - - 1 ~ 1 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS BY EmpLoyts — Continued. 
 
 131 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Very few would take any advantage; 
 the most would use it for some kind 
 of recreation . 
 
 Some would mentally i improve; "boys 
 would waste it, girls would improve 
 
 if : ° . . . . . 
 
 Probably I should go out riding with 
 my friends 
 
 My daughter would sew, and mend 
 our clothing, and go to night school 
 in the winter; my husband would 
 work around the house, and proba- 
 bly get to rest a little sooner; many 
 of the men are in the lager- beer 
 saloons (female) : 
 
 The women would sew, and the men 
 would work in their gardens A 
 
 The women and children would be 
 better off, and half the men 
 
 The hour per day is used for recrea- 
 tion; girls doa great deal of sew- 
 ing, are more neatly dressed. 
 (Works 60 hours per week) 
 
 Should try to obtain a better educa- 
 tion . 
 
 Study and reading for | me; ‘operatives 
 generally would make an innocent 
 
 . and fairuse . ‘ : : : 
 
 Playing ball; girls walk about. 
 (Works 60 hours per week) . 
 
 Working, at eS enjoy lib- 
 erty . 
 
 I read considerably. (Works ten 
 hours now) 
 
 An hour for dinner; "educate them- 
 selves, read the papers, and rest 
 
 Play ball, sit "round the store, chore 
 about the house, and read . 
 
 Chore about the house; people would 
 be less tired ; fewer complaints about 
 going to church on Sundays ; 
 
 They would pay more attention to 
 education here than in England 
 
 I have nine acres of land, and when I 
 have any time work for myself , 
 
 Could find enough to do ‘ 
 
 Americans would make a good use; 
 other nationalities would not . 
 
 Beneficial to health : - : 
 
 Some innocent, some bad: the ood 
 would prevail 
 
 I would get a little land, and have a 
 garden ‘ 
 
 If I had more land, should tty to im- 
 prove that . 
 More leisure would .make us better 
 every way and more independent 
 Those that have places take care of 
 them. (Works ten hoursnow) . 
 Should study the theory and AS Ds 
 of my business . 
 
 Go to lodge and chapter two evenings 
 in a week ; read, visit, attend lec- 
 tures, etc. (Works ten hours now), 
 
 Me. 
 
 v4 
 
 Re LaieConnt 
 
 I 
 [ie — | 
 
 N. Y. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 eo Se a No —|& KF wO KK PD 
 
 — 
 
132 
 
 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS BY EmpLoyks — Oontinued. 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 The men would read, and educate 
 themselves, and the women would 
 keep house better, and look after 
 their families more . 
 
 Some in domestic work and some in 
 pleasure; a great benefit to all 
 
 Some in the street; mostly married 
 here, every one has a garden; young 
 folks would be looking out for a 
 chance to get married . 
 
 More rest, and so more ambition to 
 do his work in ten hours; a better 
 man, and I believe he would live 
 longer for the leisure : 
 
 If I had a garden or little outside 
 work, I would have Die of time 
 to do it in 
 
 Some would dress up and go visiting 
 some would improve their places, 
 and some go to the gin-mill 
 
 Should do work for myself that I now 
 have to hiredone. 
 
 Boys and girls would use it chiefly for 
 recreation, the women would be at 
 home, and the men—it is hard 
 telling 
 
 Single women promenade, the married 
 ones are at home; some of the young 
 men hang around lager-beer saloons, 
 some go to club-rooms, where they 
 have games and reading. la 
 ten hours now) . 
 
 The mill-girls walk out ‘evenings; 
 some of the smaller ones go to even- 
 ing schools, ‘= 
 
 The women would make a good use, 
 but the male operatives would make 
 a poor use . : 
 
 I could find use enough ; cannot get 
 to bed now until ten o’clock 
 
 They would find use for it; some 
 work in gardens, play croquet, ball, 
 etc. (Works ten hours now) . 
 
 Families would have more time to 
 sew, wash, etc., men to see to gar- 
 dening; those inclined would put it 
 to bad use just as they do now 
 
 The women employ their time at 
 home; the larger part are young 
 people, readers and musicians. 
 (Female operative; works ten 
 hours now) : 
 
 Among the younger people, recrea- 
 tion; among the elder, with fami- 
 lies, more time at home. (Works 
 ten hours) . ‘ 
 
 I am a great reader; go ‘down the 
 street, and look about me; not five 
 per cent would get drunk ‘ 
 
 Garden is attended to; younger peo- 
 ple play ball, and enjoy themselves ; 
 
 women do dressmaking that they } 
 
 had to hire done before; have more 
 time for housework, and dress 
 neater. (Works 60 hours per week), 
 
 N. H. 
 
 RI. 
 
 Conn. 
 
 = 
 
 — pe 
 
 = —s_ pat 
 
 Nek 
 
 Totals. 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS BY EmMPpLOYES — Continued. 
 
 135 
 
 REPLIES. 
 
 Those who use one hour about the 
 house would use two hours the 
 same; those who now spend one 
 hour on the street would spend two 
 hours the same. 
 
 After I got my farming done, should 
 have more time to read, and should 
 not have to read after I got to bed, 
 so should have more time to BAe: 
 
 Waste it, what else? . . 
 
 Don’t know; another man says he 
 ‘* would lay around ”’ 
 
 Women would promenade and gossip, 
 
 Nowhere to go to when out of mills; 
 not muchuse . : 
 
 More sleep in the morning; in the 
 evening boys waste time in mis- 
 chief. (Works ten hours) | 
 
 In such a place as this the more you 
 give them the worse off they are 
 
 I fear it would not be improved to 
 good advantage by the younger class, 
 without homes . : 
 
 Two-thirds of the men would spend it 
 where they could get something to 
 drink ; 
 
 A good many would spend ‘their time 
 not to a very good purpose, picnics, 
 etc., and some would want to go to 
 the saloons . 
 
 Loaf round the streets and at home 
 same as I do now; an hour would 
 not do me much good if I were out 
 
 Some one thing, some another . ‘ 
 
 Should spend it as I chose . 
 
 Not much acquainted with the habits 
 of the oneal ams ita ten 
 hours) ‘ 
 
 About the same as now : 
 
 “Tf I did not have it in my pocket, 
 should have it in my bones ” 
 
 Have all the leisure I want; those 
 who want more do not work much 
 now . 
 
 With my small help it is hard play; 
 they play too hard, and keep too late 
 hours. (From an overseer; works 
 60 hours per week) . . P| 
 
 Me. 
 
 Nee 
 
 Reks 
 
 2 | 
 
 Conn. 
 
 Ne Xe 
 
 Totals. 
 
 = NOR Se 
 
 whore 
 
134 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS BY EmpLoyrs — Continued. 
 
 Other 
 REPLIES. Mass States Totals 
 Condensed, in vivile . 
 A. Make a good use of it . 3 4 : - : .| 63 | 401 | 464 
 B. Make a poor use of it . ‘ : : . ; : : ~ it 11 
 C. Did not answer definitely . 4 : - ; F o | TLS 32 
 D. No reply . : : 4 z : - . ‘ - | 384 4 38 
 
 LT ne 
 
 Totals A 3 ; A ; f ; : ‘ ff Wy 433 545 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 A. I believe in giving people opportunities; in the long run 
 
 they will make good use of them . 1 - 1 
 Use it in mental improvement, rest, education, and make a 
 
 good use of it . - : : ; a -| 30 - 30 
 Should attend night schools . : 3 - 3 
 
 It has been one of the best means of educating the opera- 
 
 tives, and thereby making them better citizens and better 
 
 neighbors . : 1 - 1 
 Enforced leisure in dull times is bad, but regular leisure 
 
 by shortening the hours of labor is always ie in the 
 
 longrun . . . : : ; ‘ : 1 - 1 
 
 Does intemperance prevail to any extent among the operatives in 
 this town? 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N.H.|} R.I. | Conn. | N. Y. | Totals. 
 oo ag hate in pet: 
 Yes ‘ S : ‘ i 1 10 20 18 3 52 
 No 4 ; x FW hey 58 20 81 19 225 
 
 Toa moderate degree : ; 5 ‘ 1 
 Did not answer definitely : : : 2 7 6 30 8 53 
 No reply A i “ 5 ; ; os 
 
 Boone 
 
 Totals . . ‘ . . - | 58 84 52 | 187 d7 | 483 
 
 In detail, in part. 
 A, There are too many beer saloons sup- 
 
 ported by the operatives. . . ae ee cad 1 - - 1 
 Liquor selling is gaining ground ; ~ - - 1 - A 
 Thirteen or fourteen liquor shops for 
 
 the 700 who live inthis town . : ~ - ~ - - 1 
 
 It does; fewer hours means less in- 
 temperance; long hours and poorly | ~ 
 paid labor tend to brutalize  . : - 1 - ~ - 1 
 
 Greatly with those that are over- 
 worked; not so much among those | 
 
 who have more leisure. - 2 - = - 2 
 Full more than in Massachusetts : - 1 - - ~ 1 
 Only among the Irish operatives : - - 1 ~ - 1 
 To a much greater extent than it 
 
 ought 2 ‘ 5 - 2 3 - ~ 5 
 More than most people think : i - - - - 1 
 
 Among the overworked and poorest 
 
 paid I see the most. Bias: ten 
 
 hours) ‘ - : - 2 ~ ~ - Ze 
 Intemperance does prevail, and we 
 
 think poverty causes much of it. - i} - - - 1 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 135 
 STATEMENTS BY EmpLoyés — Continued. 
 REPLIES. Me, | N. H. } (RI }'Conn. | N.Y. | Totals. 
 Many saloons around here; as many 
 as in any town of its size in the 
 country . - - ~ 1 - 1 
 B. No, sir; because ‘the owners will not 
 allow it. - - - - a 1 
 Not so much as formerly ; employers 
 here will not tolerate it . 1 ~ ~ - - 1 
 Not over a dozen out of three hun- 
 dred operatives are thought to be 
 inclined to get drunk : : - - - - 1 1 
 No; if a man is intemperate in our 
 mill he is cautioned once; the sec- 
 ond time discharged . . i = - - - 1 
 There is no intemperance here; no 
 place where liquor is sold 4 1 - - - - I 
 Very sober class in this mill. (Works 
 ten hours) . - - = - 1 l 
 (An overseer says) My help are very 
 sober; mostly girls . ~ - = - 1 i! 
 Scarcely a man in this mill uses intox- 
 icating drink . ° - - - 1 - l 
 The operatives are very clear from it, 
 for a factory place . ; ; - - - 1 ~ 1 
 Operatives do not have time nor. even 
 money enough to get drunk . - 1 - ~ - 1 
 The rules of the company prevent it 
 to any extent; with ten es would 
 be even less “ - ‘ - 1 - - ~ 1 
 This is a temperance town; it is only 
 at election time that everybody ge 
 drunk 1 - - - - 1 
 Not much chance here; many go to 
 Providence and spend their Sundays 
 in beer saloons . ; - - 1 - — 1 
 C. Most intemperance among ‘those that 
 work the most hours; long hours 
 create a desire for stimulants . . = 1 - - _ 1 
 Only among the lower classes . ’ - - 1 - - 1 
 If a man gets drunk, he goes; not 
 more than one or two that drink in 
 the mills. ; : - - - - 1 1 
 Not more than six or sev en intemper- 
 ate in 140; a large proportion of 
 the operatives are Germans. ° - - - ~ 1 1 
 Not more than one in ten drinks - - - ~ - 2 2 
 Only two in 100 in my charge get 
 drunk occasionally, not more than 
 ten or twelve in all - - = ~ 1 I 
 Not much, but more than where they 
 work ten hours. 2 2 - 2 - - - 2 
 More in the town than in this mill A - - - 3 - 3 
 Very little; Irish Sa Welsh 
 pretty strong : - - - - 1 1 
 Some drink when they can get a 
 chance |: - - - 1 - 1 
 From two to three per ‘cent are intem- 
 perate sometimes. . ° - - - - 1 1 
 Not more than in other places - 1 - ~ - 1 
 Once in a while an oper, ative has what 
 he calls a “little time” . - - - - 1 1 
 To some extent, but not half so bad 
 as in Fall River : - - 1 - - 1 
 Not very much; would be ‘less if the 
 hours were shorter . - . - 1 - ~ ~ 1 
 
136 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 STATEMENTS BY EmpLoyrrs — Concluded. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 REPLIES. Me. | N. H. | Red. } Couns |) Nive 
 
 D. About as much here as elsewhere ; 1 3 6 2 1 13 
 A good many total abstainers here. I 
 have seen it worse than _ here. 
 
 (Works ten hours) . - - am 12 1 1 
 * How can we get drunk on noth- 
 ing?” ee, 1 = of de | 
 
 Believe long hours induce intemper- 
 ance; the short-hour laborer eats 
 food; the long-hour laborer takes 
 stimulants ; ~ 1 - - - 1 
 
 They don’t get enough to get drunk 
 with. The weavers could not drink ; 
 they would be unfit for their work . ~ = - = 1 1 
 
 Full as much as under ten hours; 
 eleven hours brings a poorer class 
 of help, therefore more intemper- 
 
 ance . - 1 - - - 1 
 More among ‘the English than Ameri- 
 cans . ; ~ - _ ~ 1 1 
 French, Irish, and ‘Germans’ will 
 drink 4 = = - 1 - l 
 Not as much as in Massachusetts é - - - 2 ~ 2 
 Have not seen any drunk within a 
 month; there is no increase of fre- 
 quenting saloons by working ten 
 hours. (Worksten hours) . : = ~ - 2 ~ 2 
 TSS SE EE SE EE SE EE TLS TE SS LCI AE, 1 EEE LEE SIL EE SEER ET EE EEE EE 
 Other 
 REPLIES. Mass. se nt 
 Condensed, in full. 
 Yes 4 5 “ “ : : ‘ ; 3 «| 23 52 81 
 No. : “ . A ‘ : ‘ ‘ - | 6B. |) 208.4 258 
 
 Toa moderate degree : 5 ‘ - ; are - | 12 #30009 12 
 Did not answer definitely : ‘ 4s : 4 : ; 1 53 54 
 - No reply ° 2 ° : ; ‘ . ‘ : 7 3 10 
 
 Totals. . . . : . . . : - | 112 | 4383 | 545 
 
 Byer 
 
 Massachusetts in detail, in part. 
 They are such a drunken set that they are able to support 
 
 * 
 
 nearly four hundred rum shops ‘ 1 = 1 
 People are so run down that they resort to all kinds of 
 beverages for strength é 1 es 1 
 
 I think so; we have recently elected two drunkards to the 
 legislature : : . . - ; * . 1 - 1 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 137 
 
 The tables and accompanying statements from manufac- 
 turers and employés are so complete and exhaustive in 
 themselves that an analysis of them is not necessary. It 
 should be borne in mind that Massachusetts is the only ten- 
 hour State in the Eastern cluster of textile districts. 
 
 From the tables and statements it is readily seen that the 
 cost of cotton at the factory varies but little in the States 
 specified, transportation showing more in the cost of raw 
 material, and in getting products to market, in Maine and 
 New Hampshire, than it does on the average in the other 
 States ; but wages on the whole are less in these two States 
 than in most of the others. The chief differences in quan- 
 tities produced arise from differences in grades. 
 
 It is apparent that Massachusetts with ten hours produces 
 as much per man or per loom or per spindle, equal grades 
 being considered, as other States with eleven and more 
 hours; and also that wages here rule as high if not higher 
 than in the States where the mills run Jonger time. 
 
 So far as the tables show, there is no reason why the mills 
 in New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, 
 and Maine, should not be run on the ten-hour basis in har- 
 mony with the system in successful operation in Massa- 
 chuscetts. : 
 
 A report of the results of the investigation would be in- 
 complete, without giving the experiences of the agents em- 
 ployed, so far as the testimony gained by them is concerned. 
 Much collateral evidence was picked up by them, and in 
 many respects forms the most valuable features of their 
 work. It was natural that much important material should 
 be collected by observing men through the conversations in 
 which they engaged, both with manufacturers and opera- 
 tives, when all, with entire unreserve, spoke their minds 
 upon the inatter in hand. 
 
 It is of course obviously impossible to convey by means of 
 type any adequate sense of the impression produced upon 
 one who for several weeks is hearing many times daily the 
 very same views, frequently in about the same language, 
 uttered by persons widely separated, and who had no con- 
 sciousness of the fact that what they were saying had ever 
 been heard by their listener before. But the listener would 
 
138 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 after a while be sure that there were some facts which he 
 knew. However, we can present in print the conclusions 
 arrived at as the results of this experience. As one of these 
 results we are convinced that there is a far greater sympathy 
 on the part of the manufacturers with the operatives in all 
 the real hardships of their lot, and especially in their desire 
 for ten hours, than the operatives imagine or could be made 
 to believe. The expressions of good-will towards this inves- 
 tigation, and the conclusions to which it naturally tends, 
 have been too many and too hearty to leave this in doubt. 
 
 As another result, a vicious feature of our present indus- 
 trial system is made plainly manifest in that it so places true 
 men, who would show their good-will, that they cannot. A 
 superintendent of a mill said, ‘‘I would gladly help these 
 people to ten hours; but my situation is such that I cannot 
 even let them know my feelings towards them. If I did, it 
 would destroy me at once, without my being able to serve 
 them in the least.” 
 
 As yet another result equally manifest, we have learned 
 how little the manufacturers sometimes understand the op- 
 eratives. Not seldom has it happened, that after the man- 
 ager of a mill has expressed his own view, and confidently 
 declared it-to be that of his employés also, our agent upon 
 interviewing them has found their real view quite the oppo- 
 site of that which their employer supposed. Perhaps no one 
 impression is so deeply made as this wide and intense con- 
 trast of feeling which exists between the manufacturer and 
 operative with reference to matters which intimately concern 
 them both, as that contrast has struck across the mind of our 
 agents upon going directly from the one to the other, and 
 hearing them both speak their minds freely and fully upon 
 the same subject. 
 
 As a further result, we have found that a large majority 
 of the manufacturers would prefer ten hours to any greater 
 number, ‘‘if only all would agree to it.” Repeatedly has it 
 occurred, when our agents have made known their errand, 
 that almost the first words of the manufacturer would be, 
 ‘« Tt [ten hours] would be better for manufacturer and opera- 
 tive, if it could only be made universal ;” and these words, 
 always spoken so spontaneously as to show that they were 
 
 Y 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 139 
 
 the expression of a settled conviction, may be fairly taken to 
 express the united wisdom of the manufacturers of textile 
 fabrics in New York and New England. 
 
 As one reason for this it was constantly said, that, if all 
 worked but ten hours, then it would be the same for all, and 
 so everybody would have just as fair a chance for success 
 under ten as now under more hours. 
 
 As to the effect of a reduction of hours to ten upon the 
 product, and upon the relation of the product to wages, two 
 opinions appeared ; both having foundation, and both worthy 
 of attention. 
 
 Some manufacturers believe that they can make their 
 - mills produce so nearly as much in ten hours as in more, as 
 to be practicably as profitable. On this point we present 
 the following facts which we have gathered : — 
 
 One large cotton mill reduced time for four months a few 
 years ago, and found by their books that from two to four 
 tenths of an hour was gained. Had the experiment been 
 continued for a year, an even greater gain might have heen 
 expected, as that period of time might fairly be required for 
 the vital condition of the operatives to rise from the eleven 
 to the ten hour level, and so for them to make the full gain 
 of which they were capable. 
 
 Another point made by some who had adopted ten hours 
 was, ‘¢ We get a better class of help, and the improvement in 
 this particular is worth quite as much to us as the eleventh 
 hour.” As illustrating this, we cite the fact that a silk firm 
 in Connecticut, which, as one of the firm said, ‘‘ cannot afford 
 to run more than ten hours,” is erecting a large mill in Mas- 
 sachusetts, a ten-hour State, instead of enlarging its works 
 in Connecticut, an eleven-hour State. 
 
 Some mills have voluntarily adopted ten hours, and have 
 achieved the result of accomplishing as much in that time as 
 formerly in eleven. Such is the case with a large cotton mill 
 employing several hundred operatives, and standing in the 
 midst of eleven-hour mills. Asa result, with some changes 
 in machinery, with careful management, and with the stricter 
 discipline which can be maintained under shorter hours, the 
 superintendent finds his products so nearly what they were 
 before, that the directors are satisfied ; and, after a trial of a 
 
140 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 year and a half, the experiment has become an established 
 success. 
 
 Another case is that of a woollen mill in an eleven-hour 
 State, which has been running but ten hours a day for ten 
 years. It has been under the same management during the 
 whole time, and its whole product comes in direct competi- 
 tion with eleven and eleven and a half hour mills. Yet in 
 the judgment of the manager, who is also one of the largest 
 owners, the product has been as great and the profit as large 
 as if the mill had been run eleven hours. 
 
 In both the above cases the rate of pay which the opera- 
 tives receive is just as large as in eleven-hour mills. The 
 theory on which such facts, and others equally significant 
 which we have yet to give, may be explained, and correctly, 
 we think, is, that there is only so much work in a person, and 
 that all the work there is in the great body of the operatives 
 can be got out of them in ten hours, and no more for any con- 
 siderable period can be got out of them in eleven ; for no mill 
 has yet been built in which the machinery is more than the 
 man. 
 
 Another case is that of three woollen mills in an eleven- 
 hour district, all owned by the same company, two of which 
 were built many years ago, and at first ran twelve hours a 
 day ormore. A number of years since, the managers reduced 
 the time to ten hours a day, and they have so continued up 
 to the present ; and both managers and operatives testified 
 that, except in the carding.room, the product was as great 
 as in the longer hours. 
 
 Still another case is that of a carpet mill employing about 
 seventeen hundred persons. ‘Twenty-five years ago the hours 
 were reduced directly from twelve to ten. At the outset a 
 part of the owners feared that the result would be disastrous. 
 But, on the contrary, the establishment has been run by the 
 same management from then till now, without a break, and 
 with great success; and yet the average pay in it is higher 
 than in any other mill, with possibly one or two exceptions, 
 which we found. 
 
 But perhaps the most emphatic testimony is that of an- 
 other carpet mill employing about twelve hundred persons. 
 This mill, which has been running but ten hours for sey- 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 141 
 
 eral years, and has during this period tried the experiment 
 of running overtime, gives the following results. The man- 
 ager said, ‘¢ I believe, with proper management and super- 
 vision, the same help will produce as many goods, and of 
 superior quality, in ten hours as they will in eleven. I judge 
 so from the fact that during certain seasons, being pushed for 
 goods, we have run up to nine o’clock; and for the first 
 month the production was increased materially. After this, 
 however, the help would grow listless, and the production 
 would fall off, and the quality of the goods deteriorate.” 
 
 That is, one of our largest and most perfectly equipped 
 and thoroughly managed mills, having tried the experiment 
 of running more than ten hours, finds that, although paying 
 extra for the overtime, while during the first month adequate 
 returns can be obtained, yet by the third month the whole pro- 
 duction of the ten-hour day and overtime together cannot 
 be made to be more than it was before the overtime began, 
 ‘‘as the books will show.” The reason is, the flesh and 
 blood of the operatives have only so much work in them, 
 and it was all got out in ten hours, and no more could be got 
 out in twelve ; and what was got extra in the first month was 
 taken right out of the life of the operatives. 
 
 The Willimantic Linen Company of Connecticut ran its 
 mills eleven hours per day till about two years ago, when it 
 was determined as an experiment to run ten hours. During 
 the first six months a loss in product of fifteen hundred 
 pounds was experienced, but this loss the managers of the 
 mills attribute as much to other causes, existing at the time, 
 as to the reduction in hours; for since then there has been 
 no loss in product, while wages have remained intact so far 
 as the hours of labor are concerned. 
 
 Thus we have large mills, employing in the aggregate sev- 
 eral thousand persons, which have voluntarily adopted ten 
 hours in eleven-hour districts, bearing witness emphatically 
 that they find the product of ten hours a day, in the long run, 
 so nearly or quite the same as that of eleven hours, that their 
 mills are as profitable to them under the shorter as under the 
 longer time. In addition to this fact, and as partly explain- 
 ing it, may be recorded the words of great wisdom spoken 
 by the managers : — 
 
142 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 ‘¢ Skill in management and thoroughness in discipline are 
 more inportant than the eleventh hour in the product of a 
 mill; and thorough discipline is much more attainable under 
 ten than under eleven hours. For men and women are flesh 
 and blood, and they cannot be held up to such steady work 
 during eleven hours as during ten ; and overseers are flesh and 
 blood, and cannot hold them up.” 
 
 As incidentally illustrating the improvement that may be 
 made by ‘‘ good management” joined with a reduction of 
 hours, we relate the experience of a manager of a cotton mill, 
 as he gave it to us. He said, ‘*I took charge of this mill 
 about fifteen years ago, having already purchased an interest 
 init. The mill had been running thirteen hours per day. 
 Soon after I took charge, I persuaded the rest of the directors 
 to allow me to reduce the hours to eleven. Before this the 
 weekly product of the mill had been ninety thousand yards 
 of print. cloths. After it, with the same machinery, the 
 weekly product rose to a hundred and twenty thousand 
 yards.” 
 
 Now granting, as should doubtless be done, that a part of 
 that increase was due to improved management, yet it is clear 
 that this improvement could not have been made nearly so 
 effective without the improved physical conditions which so 
 great a reduction of the hours of labor afforded ; for it is im- 
 possible to secure as thorough order, steadiness, and efficiency 
 of work, under thirteen as under eleven hours. Flesh and 
 blood cannot endure the strain. And the same principal ap- 
 plies to a reduction to ten. 
 
 _ ‘By far the larger portion of the manufacturers, however, 
 considered that a reduction of hours to ten would result in a 
 diminution, of product ; but it was quite generally conceded 
 that even if, at first, there was a reduction of wages, yet by a 
 year’s time (only one person said more) the market would 
 have re-adjusted itself, and the wages for ten hours would have 
 
 become the same as they were before for eleven. A half — 
 
 owner of six mills stated the case thus: «If all the mills 
 would run but ten hours, there would be a diminution in the 
 product of perhaps five per cent. That slight diminution 
 would after a while so empty the market that prices would 
 rise much more than five per cent, and so we could pay the 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 143 
 
 same prices for ten as now for eleven hours’ work, and then 
 make more money than we are now making.” And the 
 principle involved in this statement was very generally con- 
 ceded by manufacturers ; each one particularly saying, ‘< If it 
 {ten hours] was only a universal thing.” That is, a large 
 portion of the manufacturers have come to see, what is un- 
 doubtedly true, that the width of the margin between cost 
 and price, and so the possible amount of wages which can be 
 paid, are not so much determined by the volume of the prod- 
 uct alone, as by the relation between the amount produced 
 and the amount consumed. And they are convinced that as 
 the capacities of the textile mills are to-day, and the markets 
 of the world, a reduction of hours to ten would be a conserva- 
 tive movement, quite as beneficial to the manufacturer as to 
 the operative, ‘‘ if only everybody would join in wt.” 
 
 As an illustration of the favorable circumstances under 
 which such a change might be effected, we present some con- 
 siderations drawn from the cotton rise of last spring. It 
 appears that, at the prices then paid for cotton and labor, the 
 cost of making a yard of print cloth goods was three and 
 three-quarters cents; and it was freely acknowledged that, if 
 all who were running more hours had come down to ten, 
 and had diminished their production pro rata, that cost would 
 not have risen to more than four cents. Now, for a time 
 print cloths were above five cents, and once touched five and 
 fifteen-sixteenths. Then all cotton factories running more 
 hours could have reduced time to ten hours, and then would 
 have had an abundant margin, more than a cent, for profit and 
 contingencies. ‘* And what an effect would such a reduction 
 have had upon the market?” was asked; and the answer 
 always came in substance, ‘‘ It would have steadied the mar- 
 ket, and resisted that descent which carried the price of print 
 cloths down to the very edge of the margin.” In such a case, 
 then, a reduction of hours to ten would have been a conserva- 
 tive movement, from the merest commercial standpoint, quite 
 as beneficial to the manufacturer’s pocket-book as it would 
 have been agreeable to the operative’s feelings. Moreover, 
 after the change had once been made, the new conditions coulé 
 be maintained as easily as the old; for, as all would now be 
 working on a ten-hour basis, the market would re-adjust itself 
 
~ 
 
 144 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 to that basis, though the change in prices (not more than a 
 quarter of a cent, rather less if any thing) would be so slight 
 as to be hardly noticeable, if at all, by the consumer. 
 
 In both the views which have now been presented, there 
 is doubtless truth; and the two are not in conflict, but are 
 complementary, and together cover the whole ground. In 
 some mills there would be an improvement in the condition 
 of the operatives and the steadiness of their work; so that 
 in the long run — that is, take a year through — their product 
 in the shorter would approximate closely to that of the 
 longer day. In other mills there would be a diminution 
 of product; but, as this in the aggregate affected the market, 
 prices would rise, and so their profits would be kept good. 
 Within a year’s time the market would adjust itself entirely 
 to the shorter day, the operatives would have as good a liv- 
 ing with ten as now with eleven, eleven and a half, and 
 twelve hours, and the slight ripple which such change might 
 cause would hardly be recognized on the surface of the 
 ocean of commerce; while the whole body of the factory 
 operatives would have the great and permanent gain and 
 relief of an hour of leisure for rest and recreation. 
 
 The question of ten hours is not merely, nor even mainly, 
 an economic question. It is chiefly a human question. Not 
 yet is the mill more than the man; and, if it ever comes to 
 be, then society will begin to die. Therefore, for all humane 
 people, the highest thought concerning even a cotton fac- 
 tory must be the welfare of the operatives. 
 
 But the welfare of the operatives cannot be secured with- 
 out their own active co-operation. To seek for ten hours 
 instead of eleven, eleven and a half, and twelve hours, is to 
 seek for better conditions for the operatives. But better 
 conditions will not make the persons better, without the 
 persons appreciate the better conditions, and aspire to im- 
 prove themselves by a fit use of them. The aspirations of 
 men are the power by which society grows up to higher con- 
 ditions, and a nobler state of existence ; and this power which 
 blossoms in efforts after a nobler state springs out of the 
 greatest desire of their hearts. To know the greatest desire 
 of men’s hearts is to know what there is of good or ill, of 
 hope or fear, for them in the future. What is the greatest 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 145 
 
 desire of the factory operatives? We reply, Beyond all 
 question, one of the greatest desires of the factory operatives 
 of America, relative to employment, is for ten hours. . The 
 investigations of the Bureau give us abundant evidence of 
 this. We present the following points : — 
 
 1. The higher the intelligence and the better the position 
 of the operatives, the more earnestly do they desire ten hours. 
 We have examined hundreds, a large part of them overseers, 
 and altogether the greater part of them are in favor of ten 
 hours anyway, let the pay come as it will. And this leads 
 to the next point. 
 
 2. Nearly all of the operatives who can bear a cut-down, 
 and live, that is, those above five or six dollars a week, 
 would prefer to take a pro rata loss of wage, if necessary, 
 to get ten hours. Ten hours anyway, and run the risk of less 
 pay, —this is the general position. The piece hands would 
 spur themselves to more close attention to their work. Every 
 one in the mill would expect and help maintain a more thor- 
 ough discipline. To gain an hour a day, an hour and a half, 
 and in the case of many hundreds two hours a day, year in 
 and year out, what exertions would they not put forth? and 
 whatever of the product of the time over ten hours they 
 could not make up if the market went against them, so that 
 the mill could not pay the full amount of the old wage, that 
 small reduction they would rather submit to, than to work 
 more than ten hours, for, as one of them most aptly said, 
 ‘¢Tf we didn’t have it in our pockets, we’d have it in our 
 bones.” 
 
 Any strong desire of large masses of people at some time 
 finds extreme utterance through single individuals, so that 
 the voice of all the multitude would be but the amen to their 
 words. So it has been in this case. 
 
 Down towards the south-east corner of Connecticut, in a 
 little factory village, our agent had occasion to call one even- 
 ing upon a young woman, a weaver, at her father’s house, to 
 present the questions provided to be asked the operatives ; 
 and in the course of the conversation she uttered these words, 
 which it was plain sprang instinctively from her heart: ‘It 
 [ten hours] would be the greatest boon that could be given 
 to the factory operatives.” Two or three weeks after, at a 
 
146 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 place diagonally across the State, well up towards the north- 
 west corner, he found a cotton mill that had adopted ten — 
 hours. In pursuing his investigation he called upon the 
 overseer of one of the weave rooms in his room, having 
 been directed there by the manager. This overseer, after 
 describing certain important improvements in the condition 
 of the operatives which he had observed, uttered as instine- 
 tively almost the same words as the other, only changed 
 according to the changed circumstances to which he referred, 
 and said, ‘It [ten hours] is the greatest boon that could 
 have been given to the operatives.” Ten hours sought, ten 
 hours obtained, these were deemed ‘‘ the greatest boon.” In 
 these sayings, which sprang spontaneously to the lips of 
 those who uttered them, the heart of the factory operatives 
 of America voiced itself. Shall that voice be heard, and the 
 prayer which it utters answered ? 
 
 Another incident which occurred during our investigation 
 bears strongly in the same direction. Our agent was in a 
 factory village where were a print cloth mill, and print works 
 owned by the same company; and of these two, while the 
 print cloth mill ran eleven hours a day, the print works ran 
 but ten. In fulfilling his duties he called upon an overseer 
 of the print cloth mill at his house ; and in the course of the 
 evening’s conversation, speaking for the operatives among 
 whom he worked, this overseer said, ‘‘ We have often 
 asked ourselves why it is that we have to work eleven hours 
 a day, while the operatives in the other mill, owned by the 
 same company (and they are by hundreds the greater num- 
 ber), work but ten hours a day.” Let us give this question 
 a larger scope and fuller expressiom. 
 
 In our cotton mills especially the woman and children 
 largely exceed the men, being often from two-thirds to five- 
 sixths of the whole ; and the proportion of them is steadily in- 
 creasing. And what are these women and children, but the 
 very weakest and most dependent of all the people? They 
 have no disposition to agitate. They have no power to change 
 any existing condition of society if they would, and their 
 mind does not work in that range if they could. All that is 
 possible to them is to toil and scrimp and bear. Now, for 
 men, the strong, those who bear rule, the sovereigns of the 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 147 
 
 land, the hours of labor are but ten all over the country, 
 in about every employment where they preponderate. But 
 where the women and children preponderate, the hours of 
 labor, as a rule, are eleven or more. And the question is, 
 why is it, in this land which aims for equality and justice, 
 that the weakest, the most helpless and dependent, are loaded 
 with the burden of the more hours, while the strong, the 
 able to bear, and the controlling, only have the less hours to 
 work? And this question which an operative whispered 
 in our ear in a private room we have taken the liberty to 
 utter aloud. 
 
 In all our investigations we have found but three serious 
 objections urged against the adoption of ten hours, and these 
 we will now state. 
 
 The first is, in brief, the small mills. Their one voice has 
 been, ‘¢ Ten hours would destroy us.” We have heard them 
 too fully and earnestly explain their situation to us, not to 
 sympathize with them warmly, and endeavor to measure that 
 situation accurately. And upon this we would remark, — 
 
 The volume of the product of all these small mills is not 
 sufficient greatly to affect the market. It is the large mills 
 which make the market, and in this thing have no need to 
 consider the small ones. Now the small mills run sixty-nine 
 hours per week right alongside of sixty-six hour large mills, 
 and then run at a disadvantage. Their machinery is old, 
 and can be run only one hundred and thirty-eight picks a 
 minute, against one hundred and seventy in the larger mills ; 
 and the expense of overseeing per yard is also greater in the 
 smaller ones. So considerable is the disadvantage at which 
 these mills run now, that their running more hours does not 
 bring them up to a level with the larger ones. They may 
 therefore, be left out of the account in the beginning of a 
 ten-hour movement. When ten hours is established, they 
 will inevitably come towards it as near as they are now 
 towards eleven; and in any case they are, as some of them 
 have said, but as drops in the bucket, so that what is needfnl 
 in their case may easily be left to time and experience to 
 determine. 
 
 The second objection may be stated in three words, Whis- 
 key, Tobacco, Loafing. These three words, or rather what 
 
148 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 they mean, were almost daily urged against ten hours. Take 
 a single illustration. In a certain place a manufacturer, 
 replying to the question, ‘*‘ What use would the operatives 
 make of more leisure time?” said, ‘¢ They would sit along 
 there on the stone wall and smoke, or gather in the saloons 
 and drink.” Frequently in reply to the question, ‘* What 
 proportion of the operatives would make a good use of more 
 leisure time?” the answer would come, ‘*‘ Not more than a 
 quarter,” and even ‘* Not more thana tenth.” And yet these 
 same persons, upon being questioned in detail, would admit 
 that all the women and children, and a part of the men, that 
 is three-quarters and more of the whole, would make a fair 
 use. How came their first answers, then, to be so widely 
 incorrect? The explanation of this will show how ca is 
 this obstacle to ten hours in their minds. 
 
 The struggle of the manufacturers in the management of 
 their mills is not with the well-behaved, but nase the ill- 
 behaved; and all of the ill-behaved have two, and most of 
 them all three, of the evil traits we have mentioned. The 
 thought of the manager is chiefly where his greatest strain 
 and effort are; and these are to keep within bounds of use 
 the ill-behaved. Hence his first thought concerning less 
 hours is that it would only be an opportunity for his most 
 troublesome employés to be more troublesome, and he is filled 
 with the fear of this result. Hence his impulse is in self- 
 protection to resist ten hours as he would an inundation of 
 the sea. Until this feeling is abated, ten hours cannot he 
 obtained. 
 
 Let no operative seek to belittle this difficulty. It is alto- 
 gether the most deeply and generally felt objection to ten 
 hours, of any thing we have found. It is not too much to 
 say, that the sober, the industrious, and frugal operatives, 
 and all who seek for better things for them, have to carry the 
 loafers, the tipplers, and the saloon-keepers on their backs ; 
 that these are before all other things the greatest obstacle to 
 ten hours; and that but for this hateful load piled high upon 
 them, and which as things now are they cannot help but 
 carry, the well-behaved operatives might have ten hours in a 
 month. 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 149 
 
 But allowing all that the facts in the case will warrant, 
 there is an answer so manifestly conclusive, that it has never 
 been questioned when presented. It may be stated in the 
 form of a question as follows: To which portion of the peo- 
 ple should the general conditions of society be shaped, to the 
 well-behaved or the ill-behaved? And there is not a manu- 
 facturer to whom this question has been put, but has an- 
 swered without hesitation, ‘‘ To the well-behaved, of course.” 
 And it was further acknowledged, that, if those conditions 
 which are conducive to the welfare of the well-behaved work 
 harm to the ill-behaved by reason of their misuse of them, 
 nevertheless those conditions should be established, and the 
 ill-behaved must suffer the consequences of their own mis- 
 doings, and it was also acknowledged that the well-behaved 
 ought not to be punished by having conditions put upon 
 them which hurt their welfare, for the sake of putting a 
 restraint upon the ill-behaved. 
 
 Moreover, it was generally conceded by the manufacturers, 
 and always claimed by the operatives, that ten hours would 
 be better than eleven for the welfare of the well-behaved. 
 The argument is conclusive, then; and the drinker, the 
 smoker, and the loafer are no reason why the women and 
 children who do neither should be made to bear the load of 
 the eleventh hour. 
 
 But there is another view equally conclusive. That was 
 the soundest judgment and the completest wisdom which 
 those seven men uttered, standing around together in that 
 old mill, when one said, ‘‘ If a man wants to drink, he will, 
 no matter how long he works: no length of day will hinder 
 him, ” and they all approved; and when another said, ‘* The 
 longer the day that a man works, the more he is inclined to 
 drink, ” and they all approved again. In these two’ sayings 
 those factory operatives covered the whole ground, and ex- 
 hausted the subject. And a plenty of facts have been 
 brought to our notice illustrating and establishing this view. 
 
 The third objection to ten hours is the presence of the 
 Canadian French. Wherever they appear, there their pres- 
 ence is urged as a reason why the hours of labor should not 
 be reduced to ten. The reasons for this urgency are not far 
 to find. 
 
150 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 With some exceptions the Canadian French are the Chi- 
 nese of the Eastern States. They care nothing for our insti- 
 tutions, civil, political, or educational. They do not come to 
 make a home among us, to dwell with us as citizens, and so 
 become a part of us; but their purpose is merely to sojourn 
 a few years as aliens, touching us only at a single point, that 
 of work, and, when they have gathered out of us what will 
 satisfy their ends, to get them away to whence they came, 
 and bestow it there. They are a horde of industrial invaders, 
 not a stream of stable settlers. Voting, with all that it 
 implies, they care nothing about. Rarely does one of them 
 become naturalized. They will not send their children to. 
 school if they can help it, but endeavor to crowd them into 
 the mills at the earliest possible age. To do this they deceive 
 about the age of their children with brazen effrontery. They 
 deceive also about their schooling, declaring that they have 
 been to school the legal time, when they know they have not, 
 and do not intend that they shall. And when at length they 
 are cornered by the school officers, and there is no other 
 escape, often they scrabble together what few things they 
 have, and moye away to some other place where they are 
 unknown, and where they hope by a repetition of the same 
 deceits to escape the schools entirely, and keep the children’ 
 at work right on in the mills. And when, as is indeed some- 
 times the case, any of them are so situated that they cannot 
 escape at all, then the stolid indifference of the children 
 wears out the teacher with what seems to be an idle task. 
 
 These people have one good trait. They are indefatigable 
 workers, and docile. All they ask is to be set to work, and 
 they care little who rules them or how they are ruled. To 
 earn all they can by no matter how many hours of toil, to 
 live in the most beggarly way so that out of their earnings 
 they may spend as little for living as possible, and to carry 
 out of the country what they can thus save: this is the aim 
 of the Canadian French in our factory districts. Incidentally 
 they must have some amusements; and, so far as the males 
 are concerned, drinking and smoking and lounging constitute 
 the sum of these. 
 
 Now, it is not strange that so sordid and low a people 
 should awaken corresponding feelings in the managers, and 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 151 
 
 that these should feel that, the longer the hours for such peo- 
 ple, the better, and that to work them to the uttermost is 
 about the only good use they can be put to. Nor is it strange 
 that this impression is so strong, that the managers overlook 
 for the time being all the rest of the operatives, and think 
 that every thing should be shaped to these lowest ones. Yet 
 the same principle which we have stated as showing the right 
 way of conduct in the former case should direct here also. 
 Society should be shaped to the better portion of the people ; 
 and where the case requires it the laws should be so amended 
 and enforced that these people will either be coerced to con- 
 form to our established ways, or else go where the already 
 established ways of the country do please them.* 
 
 It thus appears, from a full survey of the whole field, that 
 the objections urged against the universal adoption of a ten- 
 hour day are not really serious obstacles. A little resolute 
 energy, and some improvements in methods, and they will all 
 vanish. It appears also that there is no economic hindrance 
 to block the way of a ten-hour day. Ifall would act together, 
 and make the change, then all will be in equally as good a 
 condition for success as now. ‘There is, therefore, but one 
 real obstacle to a universal ten-hour day, and that is the 
 inertia of men. The impulse to move, and the leadership to 
 direct in large affairs, these are all that are needed to effect 
 the change. | 
 
 When a principle of conduct is acknowledged, and the time 
 has come to work that principle out in the practical forms of 
 life, then is the day for leaders of men. Leaders are they 
 who by reason of the power they contain, and the place they . 
 occupy, are able to sway their fellow men in a desired direc- 
 tion. We have reached the time for leaders in the matter of 
 ten hours. There are a few manufacturers of such native 
 
 * What is said above in relation to the Canadian French was written before the 
 great progress now going on among them had fairly commenced. The use of the 
 term “the Canadian French are the Chinese of the Eastern States” was entirely in 
 an economical sense, and referred particularly to the old custom of the Canadian 
 French of returning to Canada after a brief period of employment in the States. 
 The successful efforts being made for the advancement of the Canadian French, not 
 only in naturalization but in education and business matters, are well brought out 
 in the article entitled ‘‘The Canadian French in New England,” in the Thirteenth 
 Annual Report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor, published in 1882. 
 
 C.D. Ww. 
 
152 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 power, and so placed, that, if they would agree together, the 
 good result for which so many now wait would come into 
 reality forthwith. The list of their names lies before us as 
 we write. In number they are hardly more than a score; 
 and it does not at this time, in our judgment, lie in the power 
 of any twenty men in the land to effect another so great a 
 good. ‘To lift one hour a day, one hour and a half and two 
 hours a day, for three hundred days in the year, from off the 
 burden of toil which tens of thousands of men, women, and 
 children are bearing, is to effect a work so large and grand 
 and full of good cheer to men, that any man’s heart may 
 well bound at the thought of being permitted to bear any 
 part, much more to lead, in achieving so noble a result. And 
 the hearts of those thousands of the toilworn and weary are 
 anxiously waiting and listening to hear if these few powerful 
 ones, who hold their destiny in their hands, will grant them 
 their ‘‘ greatest boon.” 
 
 The initiatory steps for such a voluntary movement should 
 be taken by some manufacturer who has tried and who 
 believes in ten hours. To any one who may desire to engage 
 in a forward movement we shall be glad to furnish the names 
 of the establishments which in our opinion can, if they will 
 move in harmony, control the whole question, and secure 
 without legislation the adoption of the ten-hour system in 
 the textile manufactories of New York and New England. 
 
 We do not feel like closing this part of the report, without 
 giving, for the encouragement of these employers who are 
 trying to build up the moral tone of their operatives and 
 the communities around them, a few facts which have come 
 to us through this and other investigations. 
 
 Ten hours will be a great boon to the operatives, but there 
 are many other boons which can come to them. Statistics 
 will prove, that, wherever the best intelligence and the best 
 morality prevail, there will be found, too, the best material 
 prosperity. Right doing is only another name for, in fact, 
 the best definition of righteousness ; and the endeavors of 
 some of the large-hearted manufacturers we know, to build 
 up righteousness, are really converting their counting-rooms 
 into pulpits. 
 
 In the city of Boston, firms of which R. H. White & Co., 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 153 
 
 Macullar, Parker & Co., Jordan, Marsh & Co., are true 
 representatives, are trying to show to their people that they 
 -are in some way parts of the establishment, and are convin- 
 cing them in material ways that the firms believe in giving 
 their people a share in their own prosperity. This is well 
 illustrated by the last-named firm, in dedicating to the use of 
 their saleswomen and sewing-girls a large hall, capable of 
 seating seven hundred people, situated upon the corner of 
 Washington and Avon Streets, and commanding a fine view 
 of the city and harbor. This room, for mercantile purposes, 
 would be worth at least twenty-five thousand dollars per 
 annum; but Jordan, Marsh & Co. have shown their interest 
 in their people by setting it apart for their use. The hall is 
 open two hours at noon every day, and there one can find a 
 bright and cheerful sight in watching the glad faces of the 
 girls while they enjoy the music, the dance, the reading, or 
 the social intercourse with their acquaintances. It was our 
 good fortune recently to see one of the firm take the lead in 
 organizing and conducting the amusements for the hour. 
 
 At Willimantic, Conn., will be found one of the grandest 
 movements of the day. At the works of the Linen Company 
 efforts are being made, and with success, to bring the 
 operatives to understand that their interests are the interests 
 of the concern. Libraries, reading-rooms, Sunday schools, 
 drawing-schools, etc., are made free to all, while a new 
 factory building has been arranged with all the regard for 
 coloring, decoration, plant adornment, etc., that a refined 
 taste can suggest. A new mill has been constructed, having 
 over three hundred thousand square feet of floor surface, and 
 all in one room, the building being but one story. All the 
 shafting is in the basement, the journals being set in granite 
 and the stone in the hard-pan of the earth. This avoids 
 vibration, and gives to the women employed sure freedom 
 from the trying physical ailments to their sex which result 
 from standing upon vibrating floors. The company has just 
 erected twenty small cottages, which will be let at an average 
 of seven dollars per month to the operatives. These cottages 
 have. each about six thousand feet of land attached. 
 
 The experiments at Willimantic are telling upon the 
 character of the place and upon all concerned, while the 
 
154 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 stockholders can find no fault with dividends. Our own 
 State presents Lawrence, Lowell, New Bedford, Taunton, and 
 ether places, as the scenes of kindred efforts. One of the | 
 longest, and at the same time most satisfactory experiences 
 
 in this direction, has been that of the Cheney Brothers at 
 
 their silk factory in South Manchester, Conn. The mills of 
 this firm run ten hours, and have for many years; the firm 
 
 changed from longer hours of their own accord, and are 
 
 satisfied that ten-hour days are sufficient. The village of 
 South Manchester is a beautiful place, quiet and orderly, its 
 inhabitants sober, industrious, and intelligent. The interests 
 
 of the operatives are looked after. The village is set in a 
 park, and in the midst, a little distance apart, stand the two 
 
 buildings which constitute the factories. 
 
 In the course of our investigations in Connecticut, we — 
 were naturally drawn to South Manchester. Although we 
 were aware that ten hours constitued the work-day there, 
 We were anxious to learn and understand the secret of the 
 success of the work from an ethical as well as from an 
 economical point of view. One of the Brothers Cheney 
 showed us through the works and grounds, and gave us full 
 information relative to the growth of the village and the 
 causes which have produced it. 
 
 One of the most important forces which have produced the 
 order of society existing at South Manchester is the strength 
 of the family tie among the owners of the estate. One 
 man who possessed a farm of some two hundred and forty 
 acres had eight sons; six of them joined with their father in 
 the manufacture of silk in the quiet little mill on the stream 
 which ran through the farm; the other two sons were 
 indirectly associated with their father. The great influence 
 of this family association has been too palpable to be over- 
 looked. The original farm is still one estate; for, although 
 each heir has a separate dwelling of his own, no fences mark — 
 the lines, but the whole is continued in its unity, and each 
 one enjoys the whole as a park which is composed of what is 
 his own and what belongs to his kin. This really constitutes 
 an ideal village. 
 
 The second element or force in creating the order which 
 exists at South Manchester grows out of the first, and is to 
 
UNIFORM HOURS OF LABOR. 155 
 
 be found in the fact that the members of the firm live among 
 those whom they employ. One of the great and grievous 
 evils which one cannot help but observe, as he examines our 
 industrial system, is absenteeism. Even from the first look 
 it is plain that to reap profits from the labor of a company 
 of people, and then spend them away in other places, is a 
 positive evil. A king is bound to reside in the midst of his 
 subjects and devote his wisdom and his strength to their 
 welfare; and it is just as true of industrial kings. At 
 South Manchester, if one of the firm wishes to build a 
 mansion, it is built where the wealth is. produced which 
 enables him to gratify his taste ; and all those who had a share 
 in producing the wealth have as much good from the lawns 
 and adornments, according to their power to appreciate, as 
 those who dwell in the fine house. The grounds are laid 
 where all who work in the mills can see the fruits of their 
 labors. 
 
 As the third force, the whole machinery of the community 
 is consciously and deliberately worked by the managers to 
 promote the welfare of those in their employ. Each one 
 must do his share in keeping up his grounds and preserving 
 the sobriety and integrity of the village. The managers 
 carry on for the public good a hall, which is church, theatre, 
 and platform, all in one. They consider it a part of their 
 works, and that it is just as essential to their business suc- 
 cess as the well-arranged departments of the manufacturing 
 buildings. 
 
 Now, in all this there is nothing of charity. The whole 
 establishment in all its parts is worked on business principles 
 for business success, and the manifest well-being of all the 
 ‘‘help” is considered essential to that success; and, as a 
 result, there is scarcely a need for charity. Everybody 
 works, and everybody is worked. The result is, as it will 
 be everywhere where such principles prevail, that a high 
 moral and intellectual tone prevails in all the departments, 
 and this tone produces better workpeople and better work, 
 and surer returns of profit to all, than when an opposite 
 policy prevails. This factory village contains within itself so 
 much of the forces and conditions of future progress, that it 
 may be expected to keep pace with the advances of society 
 
156 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
 
 which are yet to take place ; and the most cheering hope we 
 can have for our factory villages is that each one may speedily | 
 become a likeness of the one at South Manchester. 
 
 This order of society in industrial centres will come when 
 we get over talking about the interests of capital and labor 
 being identical, and comprehend them as reciprocal interests 
 detente from each a practical recognition of the force of 
 the other, each vitalizing the latent power of the other. 
 
 awe \ ARhRY af S THE 
 
Lithomount 
 Pamphlet 
 Sinder 
 Gaylord Bros. Inc. 
 
 Makers 
 ra witches 
 PAT. JAN 21, 1908 
 
TC 
 
 3 0112 127322