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 GUIDE TO 
 
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 SEVENTH EDITION 
 
 SHAKESPEARE’S HOUSE 
 
 EDINBURGH 
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 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Tuis Guide-Book to Warwickshire—one of the most 
 interesting counties in the United Kingdom—has 
 been so arranged as to allow of the tourist referring 
 to the different places and objects of importance as 
 readily as possible. The work commences with an 
 introductory description of the county, then treats of 
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 order, and concludes with an index. 
 
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THE COUNTY. 
 
 ——<>—__ 
 
 WARWICKSHIRE, from its central situation, has been called 
 ‘the heart of England.* It is bounded on the north by 
 Staffordshire and Leicestershire ; on the east by North- 
 amptonshire; on the south by Oxfordshire and Gloucester- 
 shire; and on the west by Worcestershire. The surface is 
 gently undulating, and sometimes rises into considerable 
 elevations, as at Edgehill and other points in the south- 
 east where branches of the Cotswolds enter the county. 
 On the north-eastern border there is a very beautiful and 
 picturesque district between Atherstone and Nuneaton, 
 belonging to the quartz formation, and to the south of this 
 a finely-wooded tract, forming a portion of the old forest, 
 The lias formation runs round the southern and eastern 
 edge of the county, Oolite prevails in the south-west, but 
 lias occupies the valley of the Stour and the vale of the 
 Red Horse. In the north-west it rises into gentle eleva- 
 tions at Walton or Bath Hill, Morton Hill, and Dunsmore 
 Heath, admitting of the red marl and new red sandstone 
 eroup cropping out below it. This group occupies the 
 rest of the county with a few exceptions, forming moderate 
 ranges of high ground near Alcester, Henley-in-Arden, 
 Warwick, Solihull, and Coleshill. <A coal-field, 16 
 B 
 
2 WARWICKSHIRE. 
 
 miles in length by about 3 in breadth, extends from 
 the neighbourhood of Coventry to the border of Stafford- 
 shire, east of Tamworth. The principal rivers are the 
 Stour, the Avon, the Leam, and the Tame, The Stour 
 traverses the south-western border. The Tame crosses 
 the north-western corner. The Avon rises at Naseby and 
 receives the Swift, from Leicestershire, near Rugby, the 
 Sowe at Stoneleigh, and the Leam, with its affluent the 
 Itchen, at Leamington. As the poet Drayton says: 
 
 ** Avon’s winding streame 
 By Warwick entertaines the high-complectioned Leame.” 
 
 MINERALS.— Warwickshire contains a very valuable 
 coal-field, covering an area of about 30 square miles, the 
 thickness of the seams varying from 26 to 30 ft. The 
 net available supply yet unworked is estimated at 
 445,000,000 tons, and as the annual output is now over 
 1,000,000 tons, the supply will probably be exhausted in 
 less than 400 years. Ironstone is found along with the 
 coal, the total output in 1882 being 31,513 tons, valued 
 at £15,756. Fireclay, limestone, marl, gritstone, chimney 
 marble, and manganese are the principal other minerals. 
 The blue lias quarries at Harbury, first worked in 1835, 
 now give employment to about 700 men. There are saline 
 springs at Ilmington, Leamington, Southam, and Wik 
 loughby, and a chalybeate spring at Newnham Regis, 
 
 AGRICULTURE—The climate is mild and healthy, and 
 vegetation early. The soil is fertile, and there can scarcely 
 be said to be any uncultivable land, about five-sixths of 
 the total area being actually under tillage or in grass. 
 Over 280,000 acres are in pasture. The average size of 
 the farms is about 150 acres. Cattle number about 90,000, 
 
WARWICKSHIRE. : 3 
 
 and sheep about 220,000. The large polled or ancient 
 Warwickshire sheep has been much improved by crossing, 
 especially with the Leicestershire. 
 
 MANUFACTURES.—Birmingham is famed all over the 
 world for its metal work of all kinds, including hardware, 
 cutlery, firearms, and steel pens. Coachmaking and glass- 
 making are also important industries of the town. Coven- 
 try possesses manufactures of carpets, ribbons, silks, and 
 velvets, and is also famous for its bicycles and its clocks 
 and watches. Hats are made at Warwick and Atherstone. 
 
 RAILWAYS AND CaNALs.—Branches of the Midland, the 
 London and North-Western, and the Great Western Rail- 
 ways intersect the county in various directions, The 
 county is also well supplied with canals, including the 
 Birmingham ; the Birmingham and Fazeley ; the Coventry, 
 communicating with the Oxford and Grand Junction, and 
 Grand Trunk; the Stratford; the Warwick and Birmine- 
 ham; and the Warwick and Napton. 
 
 ADMINISTRATION AND PoPpULATION.— Warwickshire com- 
 prises four hundreds, the city of Coventry, and the municipal 
 boroughs of Birmingham, Leamington, Stratford-on-Avon, 
 and Warwick, and part of the borough of Tamworth, the 
 remainder of which is in Staffordshire. It contains 256 
 civil parishes, with parts of 7 others, and is mostly in the 
 diocese of Worcester. Not including Tamworth, which is 
 partly situated in Staffordshire, and returns two members, 
 Warwickshire has eleven representatives in Parliament, 
 two for the northern and two for the southern division 
 of the county, three for the town of Birmingham, two for 
 the city of Coventry, and two for Warwick, the county 
 town. 
 
 The area of Warwickshire is 566,271 acres, and the 
 
4 WARWICKSHIRE. 
 
 population in 1881 was 737,339, an average of 1°30 
 persons to an acre. The number of inhabited houses is 
 149,323. Since 1871 the increase of population has 
 been about 100,000; during the preceding decade the 
 increase was about 70,000. The number of males in 
 1881 was 357,146, and of females 380,193, 
 ANTIQUITIES AND ARCHITECTURE.—At the time of the 
 Roman invasion three different tribes, called the Cornabii, 
 the Coritani, and the Dobuni, occupied the county, Un- 
 der the Romans it was included in Flavia Czsariensis, 
 and the fact that three of the principal roads passed 
 through it is a proof of the completeness of the Roman 
 occupation. Watling Street skirts it on the north-east, 
 forming the boundary with Leicester, from Lilbourne 
 (Tripontiwm) in Northamptonshire to Mancetter (Mandu- 
 essedum), whence it crosses the county and passes into 
 Staffordshire at Fazeley. Icknield Street crosses the 
 south-western corner of the county by Alcester (Alauna), 
 where Roman bricks, foundations of buildings, and coins 
 have been dug up, and traces of it are again plainly 
 visible at Sutton Coldfield in the north-west. The Fosse 
 Way crosses, in the south-east, by Halford, Prince Thorpe, 
 and Brinklow ; the remains of an important camp being 
 still visible near Chesterton. In various parts of the 
 county there are remains of other earthworks, either of 
 Saxon or British origin, among the most extensive being 
 those at Welcombe Hills, west of Alverston, called the 
 Dingles. Warwickshire was included in the Saxon king- 
 dom of Middle Anglia, At Seckington, where there are 
 remains of a large camp, a battle was fought between Ethel- 
 bald, King of the Mercians, and Cuthred, King of the West 
 Saxons, when the former was slain by a traitor, Beornred, 
 
WARWICKSHIRE. 5 
 
 Within the boundaries of the county there were formerly 
 about sixty religious houses. Some of them have been 
 rebuilt, and are occupied as mansions; but at Merevale 
 there are traces of the Cistercian abbey, in addition to the 
 abbey chapel of St. Mary, which is entire. At Coventry 
 the surrounding wall of the Carthusian monastery and a 
 few portions of the building remain; of Kenilworth 
 Abbey there are a few fragments adjoining the church; at 
 Maxstoke there is a gateway, fragments of a tower, and other 
 portions of the building; and there are also traces of the 
 nunneries of Nuneaton, Binley, and Polesworth. There 
 is an elaborate and beautiful market-cross at Henley-in- 
 Arden. The most interesting church in the county is St. 
 Mary’s, Warwick, with the beautiful Gothic Beauchamp 
 chapel. Omitting the churches of the other larger towns, 
 mention may be made of Wootton Wawen for its Saxon 
 tower and its Norman work; of Budbrooke, Beaudesert, 
 Preston Bagot, and Stoneleigh, for the Norman portions 
 they contain; and of Alcester, Tanworth, Temple Bal- 
 sall, Lapworth, Wroxhall, and Wolverton, as fine ex- 
 amples of Decorated. Warwickshire can boast of several 
 fine castles more or less entire, or partly preserved by in- 
 corporation in new buildings. They include Astley, 
 Brandon, Kenilworth, Maxstoke, Tamworth, and War- 
 wick. Arbury Hall, possessed by the Newdegates; Combe 
 Abbey, the seat of the Earl of Craven; Stoneleigh Abbey, 
 the seat of Lord Leigh; and Wroxhall Abbey, at one time 
 possessed by Sir Christopher Wren, preserve portions of 
 the old monastic buildings. As good examples of the ofd 
 manor-house, mention may be made of Grimshaw Hall, in 
 great part of timber construction ; Baddesley Clinton, the 
 ancient inheritance of the Ferrers family, built in the latter 
 
6 WARWICKSHIRE. 
 
 part of the 15th century, and surrounded by a thickly 
 timbered park; Kingsbury, supposed to have been a seat 
 of the Mercian kings, and still partly surrounded by its 
 ancient wall; Lower Ettington, the seat of the Shirleys, 
 nearly rebuilt 1862; and Wormleighton, belonging to Earl 
 Spencer, built in the reign of Henry VIII. Of the other 
 residences it may suffice to mention Castle Bromwich 
 Hall, the property of the Earl of Bradford; Blythehall, 
 formerly inhabited by Sir Wm. Dugdale; Pooley Hall, 
 Polesworth, built by Sir Thomas Cokain in the reign of 
 Henry VII.; Charlecote, erected 1558, the seat of the 
 Lucys; Compton Winyate, built by Sir Wm. Compton 
 in the reign of Henry VIII.; and Bilton Hall, the resi- 
 dence of Addison. 
 
 Eminent Natives.—Besides Shakespeare, the glory of 
 Warwickshire and of England, this county has given birth 
 to Michael Drayton, one of the most esteemed of our early 
 poets, and chosen poet-laureate in 1626; William Somer- 
 ville, author of The Chase; and Richard Jago, author of 
 Edge Hill. Other distinguished names in connection with 
 literature are those of John Rouse, the antiquary of the 
 15th century, author of several works connected with 
 the county; Sir William Dugdale, author of The Antigui- 
 ties of Warwickshire ; Edward Cave, the founder of the 
 Gentlemaw’s Magazine ; Nehemiah Grew, M.D., the cele- 
 brated botanist. Several of the Earls of Warwick played 
 important parts in the history of England. The chief of 
 these were the renowned Guy, the subject of numberless 
 legendary tales; Richard de Beauchamp, “‘the father of 
 courtesy ;” and Richard Neville, “the setter-up and plucker- 
 down of kings.” Among other famous natives may be men- 
 tioned John de Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury in the 
 
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 WARWICKSHIRE. h Wt rd 
 
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 reign of Edward III.; Laurence Sheriff, the founder of Rugby 3 
 
 School; Henry Compton, Bishop of London in the reign of 
 William III.; and John Rogers, the ‘‘ Protomartyr of the 
 English Church,” burned at Smithfield, 1555. Wesubjoin 
 a list of natives who, though less noted, are sufficiently 
 distinguished to be here recorded :—Daniel Rogers, a Latin 
 poet of considerable ability, born 1540, died 1590; Fulke 
 Greville, Lord Brooke, an elegant poet, and a liberal patron 
 of learning, 1554-1628; Francis Holyoke, rector of 
 Southam, a learned and laborious lexicographer, 1567- 
 1653; Sir Nathaniel Brent, a distinguished lawyer, 1573- 
 1652; Nicholas Byfield, a Puritan divine of considerable 
 eminence, 1579-1622; Humphrey Wanley, a noted anti- 
 quary, 1672-1722; Sir Thomas Overbury, a writer of 
 some reputation in prose and verse, 1581-1613; Samuel 
 ‘Clark, minister of Bennet-Fink, whose Marrow of Eccle- 
 stastical History displays much learning and industry, 
 1599-1682; Samuel Annesley, a celebrated Nonconformist, 
 1620-1696; Richard Claridge, a Quaker writer of some 
 eminence, 1650-1728; Thomas Wagstaff, a nonjuring 
 divine, and writer of considerable ability, 1645-1712 ; 
 Samuel Johnson, chaplain to Lord Russell, and rector of 
 Corrington, 1649-1703, author of Julian the Apostate, for 
 which he was publicly whipped through London; Peter 
 Whalley, historian of Northamptonshire, 1722-1791 ; 
 Matthew Boulton, the distinguished engineer and inventor, 
 eolleague of James Watt, 1728-1809; Valentine Green, 
 an eminent engraver, 1739-1813; and Samuel Butler, 
 D.D., Bishop of Lichfield, 1774-1839. To these we may 
 add the following literary names associated with this 
 county by their works:—Dr. Thomas, the continuator of 
 Dugdale; William Hutton, the historian of Birmingham ; 
 
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8 WARWICKSHIRE. 
 
 Robert B. Wheler, the historian of Stratford-on-Avon; J. 
 Norris Brewer, author of an interesting and well-written 
 account of Warwickshire, etc. Nota few illustrious names 
 might be mentioned as connected with this county by 
 residence or otherwise. Addison has made Bilton Hall 
 classic ground, The learned Samuel Parr, LL.D., was 
 curate of Hatton, where he died and was interred. The 
 philosophic Dr. Priestley was a Dissenting minister in 
 Birmingham ; and there he pursued his studies in chemistry 
 and electricity. James Watt’s name will always be asso- 
 ciated with the steam-engine manufactories of Soho, near 
 Birmingham. The late Sir Robert Peel has invested the 
 ancient town of Tamworth with a fresh interest. Thomas 
 Attwood of Birmingham was the founder of the “ Political 
 Union” which secured the passing of the Reform Bill. 
 Thomas Arnold has conferred perpetual distinction on 
 Rugby School. 
 
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BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Hotels: The Queen’s and North-Western, in connection with the Central 
 Station; The Great Western (Snow Hill Station), Colmore Row and 
 Livery Street ; The Midland, New Street; Lhe Stork Hotel, Corporation 
 Street; The Swan, New Street; The Grand Junction, Great Colmore 
 Street ; The White Horse, Congreve Street ; and The Plough and Harrow, 
 Hagley Road. 
 
 From London, 1123 miles ; Manchester, 85 ; Coventry, 18}; Warwick, 20; 
 
 Edinburgh, 3004. 
 
 Tus great industrial town, specially celebrated for its 
 metal wares, is situated in the north-western extremity of 
 Warwickshire, its suburbs extending into the neighbour- 
 ing counties of Stafford and Worcester. It is built ona 
 series of elevations of the new red sandstone formation 
 a site favourable both for beauty and salubrity. The 
 origin of the name has been the occasion of much discus- 
 sion. Probably Birmingham existed in the time of the 
 Romans as a small station on Icknield Street, but that it 
 was the Bremeniwm of the Romans mentioned in the 
 Itinerary of Richard of Cirencester has been shown to be 
 
 groundless. During the last four centuries eight different 
 ways of spelling the name have been used: Brumwych- 
 cham, Bermyngeham, Bromwycham, Burmyngham, Ber- 
 myngham, Brymyngham, Bromichan, and Birmingham. 
 Dugdale regards the name as of Saxon origin. He adopts 
 the spelling Bromwycham, and supposes the first part of 
 it to be the name of a Saxon owner, the syllable ham de- 
 noting a dwelling. Hutton, the historian of Birmingham, 
 says that brom signifies broom, and wych a dwelling, 
 
10 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Mr. Freeman interprets it as the residence of the Berms, 
 and Dr, Sebastian Evans as the homestead of the sons of 
 Beorm, During the time of the Saxons it was governed 
 by two constables, and it obtained the grant of a market, 
 to be held on Thursday, long before the Norman Conquest, 
 as was shown by William de Birmingham in 1309. 
 The ancient lords of the manor were the De Berminghams, 
 who erected for their defence a strong castle about 1154. 
 Edward, the last of this ancient family, was, in the reign 
 of Henry VI., tricked out of the lordship by John 
 Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland, 
 upon whose execution for treason it reverted to the Crown. 
 During the war between Charles I. and his Parliament, 
 Birmingham sided with the Parliament, supplying its 
 troops with about 15,000 sword-blades, and seizing the 
 royal plate and furniture, which the King had left 
 behind him at Aston Hall on his way southward. In 
 revenge for this, Prince Rupert, on 3d April 1643, 
 marched against the town, and entering it after a stubborn 
 fight, gave it up to wholesale plunder, the soldiers burning 
 what goods they could not carry away. The town in 
 1665 was almost depopulated by the plague; but at the 
 Restoration an impetus was given to its trade from the 
 many gilded trifles that were used by the ladies and 
 cavaliers of the time. A great impetus to the gun trade 
 was given by William III. He was lamenting the neces- 
 sity of depending upon Holland for this species of arms, 
 when Sir R. Newdegate, a member of Parliament for 
 Warwickshire, directed his attention to Birmingham as 
 able satisfactorily to execute his orders. The town has 
 been several times disquieted by serious riots. ‘ Food 
 riots” occurred in 1754 and 1766, and in 1791 a violent 
 
BIRMINGHAM. ll 
 
 . outbreak took place from the indignation of the mob at a 
 dinner held by about eighty persons to commemorate the 
 French revolution. For three days the populace were in 
 possession of the town, and indulged in wanton and 
 brutal excesses, The mob was headed by many persons 
 in good positions in society, and their fury was directed 
 specially against dissenters and persons holding “advanced” 
 doctrines. Two Unitarian chapels were burnt to the 
 ground. The house of Dr. Priestley, with his valuable 
 library, chemical apparatus, and priceless manuscripts, 
 was destroyed, as were also the press of Baskerville and 
 the shop and villa of William Hutton, bookseller, the 
 historian of Birmingham. The year 1831 witnessed the 
 establishment of the Political Union, with Thomas Att- 
 wood as its chief. The effect of the Union in securing 
 the passing of the Reform Bill is well known. The 
 Reform Act secured parliamentary representation to the 
 town, and in 1838 it obtained a municipal constitution. 
 
 Many names of note are connected with Birmingham, 
 most of them by residence. Richard Smallbroke, Bishop 
 of Lichfield and Coventry, who was born in the begin- 
 ning of last century, distinguished himself by his works 
 in refutation of Woolston, James Watt, the inventor of 
 the steam-engine, having in 1774 entered into partnership 
 with Matthew Boulton, himself a distinguished engineer 
 (born in Birmingham in 1728; died 1809), established 
 at Soho, near Birmingham, the works which introduced 
 a new epoch in the history of manufacturing industry. 
 He died in 1819. ‘Birmingham, when Watt went to 
 settle at Soho,” remarks M. Arago, “could reckon among 
 the inhabitants of its neighbourhood Priestley, whose 
 name says everything ; Darwin, the author of the Zoonomia, 
 
fF BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 and of a well-known poem on the Loves of the Plants ; 
 Withering, an eminent physician and botanist; Keir, a 
 chemist, distinguished by his notes on his translation of 
 Macquer, and by an interesting paper on the crystal- 
 lisation of glass ; Galton, to whom we owe an elementary 
 treatise on ornithology ; Edgeworth, the author of various 
 works, justly esteemed, and the father of Miss Maria, 
 well known to fame.” John Baskerville, the eminent 
 typefounder and printer, though a native of Wolver- 
 hampton, died in Birmingham, where he established his 
 famous printing-press. Dibdin says of his typography : 
 —“ His letters are generally of a very slender and delicate 
 form, calculated for an octavo, or even a quarto, but not 
 sufficiently bold to fill the space of an imperial folio, as 
 is evident from a view of the great Bible. . . . In the 
 italic letters, whether capital or small, he stands un- 
 rivalled; such elegance, freedom, and perfect symmetry, 
 being in vain to be looked for among the specimens of 
 Aldus and Coloneiis.” After Baskerville’s death, which 
 occurred in 1775, his types were purchased by a literary 
 association in Paris for £3700, and were employed in 
 printing a magnificent edition of the works of Voltaire. 
 Thomas Attwood, Esq., the chief originator of the: 
 Political Union, and one of the first representatives of 
 the newly-enfranchised borough, has been already alluded 
 to in our brief sketch of the history of the town. He 
 died, full of years and honours, in 1856. 
 ADMINISTRATION AND PopuLatTion.—The borough of 
 Birmingham includes the townships of Birmingham and 
 Edgbaston and part of the township of Aston. The muni- 
 cipal and parliamentary boundaries are identical, the area 
 being 8400 acres. For municipal purposes it is divided 
 
BIRMINGHAM, 12 
 
 into 16 wards, governed by a corporation consisting of a 
 mayor, 16 aldermen, and 48 town councillors, It has a 
 court of quarter-sessions and a commission of the peace. 
 Both the water and gas supply are under the control of 
 the Corporation, who have also devoted much attention to 
 the improvement of the streets and to sanitation, The 
 town is represented in Parliament by three members, with 
 the provision that no elector shall vote for more than two 
 candidates. 
 
 During the 18th century Birmingham more than 
 quadrupled its population, the numbers in 1700 being 
 only 15,032, which had increased by 1731 to 23,286, 
 and by 1801 to 73,670. Within the present century the 
 increase has been even more rapid. In 1831 the numbers 
 had risen to 142,251; in 1871 to 343,787; and in 1881 
 to 400,774, of whom 194,540 were males, and 206,234 
 females. Between 1861 and 1881 it increased 35°4 per 
 cent, the increase between 1861 and 1871 being 16:1, 
 while that between 1871 and 1881 was 16°6, The 
 number of inhabited houses in 1881 was 78,301. 
 
 CHURCHES AND CHAPELS, 
 
 Birmingham possessed several monastic foundations, 
 but no fragments of the buildings now remain. The 
 Hospital of St. Thomas the Apostle was founded in 1285, 
 and appears to have been richly endowed, though its 
 annual revenues at the Dissolution amounted to only 
 £8:8:9. The Priory buildings stood on the spot now 
 called the Old Square. They were probably destroyed 
 soon after the Reformation. Another religious house was 
 founded a century later, under the name of the Guild of 
 the Holy Cross. This fraternity, which included both 
 
14 BIRMINGHAM, 
 
 monks and nuns, had an annual income of £31:2:10- 
 when it was suppressed by Henry VIII. The buildings 
 of the Guild and their revenues were subsequently be- 
 stowed by Edward VI. on the citizens of Birmingham for 
 the foundation of the Free Grammar School, which now 
 occupies their site. 
 
 St. Marrrn’s CourcH is the oldest ecclesiastical edifice 
 in Birmingham, but neither the date of its original founda- 
 tion nor the name of its founder can be ascertained. 
 The present structure is supposed to belong to the early 
 part of the 13th century. It has undergone various 
 alterations, an important one being in 1690, when the 
 church and tower were cased with brick. In 1781 part 
 of the spire was rebuilt, 40 ft. of it having been in- 
 jured by lightning. Five years later upwards of £4000 
 was expended on alterations and repairs on the church, 
 especially in the interior. In 1853 the tower was found 
 to be in a dangerous condition, and, together with the 
 spire, was rebuilt. During the operations various inter- 
 esting discoveries were made. At the bottom of the 
 tower two arched recesses were found, each about 7 ft. 
 wide, with subsidiary arched tracery of remarkably 
 beautiful character. After removing a covering of lime 
 three skeletons were found in one recess and one in the 
 other, They were replaced and the recesses restored. 
 Mr. Hardwick of London, the architect to whom the work 
 was entrusted, referred the oldest part of the tower to 
 about the year 1280, while the upper part and the spire 
 he ascribed to a period more recent by a hundred years. 
 In 1873 the old edifice was restored at a cost of £30,000. 
 The chancel window, the gift of Messrs. Hardman and Mr. 
 Riddell, represents the parables of the Prodigal Son, ete. ; 
 
BIRMINGHAM. jf) 
 
 and in the south transept there is a memorial window 
 designed by Wm. Morris the poet. 
 
 There are in the church several ancient monuments 
 of the De Birmingham family. The oldest of them 
 —that in the fifth window-opening of the south aisle 
 —jis supposed to represent Sir William de Birming- 
 ham, who distinguished himself in foreign service in 
 the reign of Edward I. Next in antiquity to this 
 is an effigy, supposed to represent another member 
 of the family of the same name, who lived in the 
 reigns of Edward II. and III. A third tomb bears the 
 image of a knight in plate armour, said to represent John 
 de Birmingham, sheriff of Warwick and Leicester shires 
 in 1379, as well as knight of the shire in the Parliament 
 held at Westminster in 1382. He built the two western 
 towers of York Cathedral about 1402. Another very 
 interesting monument is the effigy of an ecclesiastic, on a 
 high altar-tomb of alabaster. It is supposed to represent 
 one of the members of the family of Marrow, upon whom 
 the lordship was conferred by the Crown after the execu- 
 tion of the Earl of Warwick. 
 
 St. Puiuip’s—the other parish church, designed by 
 Thomas Archer, a pupil of Christopher Wren—a hand- 
 some structure in the mixed Italian style, was commenced 
 in 1711, and finished in 1719. It will be observed from 
 the steeple and cupola that the architect has been to some 
 extent indebted for his design to St. Paul’s, London. 
 The church occupies the most elevated spot in the town, 
 and a fine view of Birmingham may be obtained from 
 the top of its steeple. It underwent restoration in 1864. 
 
 St. GrorGez’s, Tower Street, was built in 1820, from 
 the designs of Mr. Rickman, It is in the Decorated style, 
 
16 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 and consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower at 
 the west end, It was reopened 13th March 1883, after 
 being enlarged at a cost of £2300, 
 
 Hoty Trinity Caurcu, Bradford Street, erected in 
 1823 at a cost of about £14,000, is in the Perpendicular 
 style, and consists of nave, aisles, and chancel. It has 
 for an altar-piece a painting by Foggo, copied from Murillo, 
 of our Saviour healing the paralytic man at the pool of 
 Bethesda, 
 
 Curist Caurcu, New Street, erected in 1805 as a 
 free church, possesses a lofty portico of Doric columns, 
 surmounted by a pediment, above which rises a tower 
 ending in a spire. 
 
 St. PrtTer’s, in Dale End, erected in 1827 in the 
 Grecian style, was partly destroyed by fire in 1831, the 
 interior being completely wrecked. It was not reopened 
 till 1837. The number of sittings is 1500. 
 
 St. THomas’s, Holloway Head, is also in the Grecian 
 style. | 
 
 St. Joun’s, Deritend, which Leland refers to as “a 
 propper chappell,” was the first “ Reformation chapel” in 
 the kingdom. It was founded in 1381 ; but the present . 
 brick building dates from 1735, and the tower from 
 1762, It is a chapel of ease to the parish of Aston. 
 
 BisHop RyprEr’s CuHurcH, in Gem Street, was erected 
 in memory of the bishop whose name it bears. It is in 
 the Perpendicular style, and was consecrated in 1838, 
 
 St. Pavt’s, in St. Paul’s Square, consecrated in 1779, 
 contains a window designed by B. West, and painted by 
 Francis Eginton, the cost being 400 guineas, 
 
 The INDEPENDENT CHAPEL, in Carr’s Lane, founded 
 1748, rebuilt 1819, is the scene of the labours of the Rey. 
 
BIRMINGHAM. gi Ahn 
 
 John Angell James, who occupied this charge for more 
 than fifty years. Mr. James died in 1859, aged 74. 
 Edgbaston Chapel, in Francis Road, is a very elegant 
 edifice in the Decorated style, with a tower surmounted 
 by a spire, rising to a total elevation of 170 ft. It 
 was erected in 1855, in commemoration of Mr. Angell 
 James’s jubilee. Also deserving of notice on account of 
 the elegance of its interior is the Lozell’s Chapel. 
 
 The Baptists have two chapels worthy of mention— 
 Christ Church, in Aston Park, and Wycliffe Chapel, Bristol 
 Road, a very beautiful building in the Decorated style, 
 and certainly one of the handsomest Dissenting chapels 
 in Birmingham. 
 
 The Mernoptsts, though possessing numerous meeting- 
 houses, have only within the last few years shown any 
 disposition to make architectural elegance a characteristic 
 of their places of worship. The Martin Street Chapel, 
 Islington, is a good building in the Decorated style ; and 
 the Bristol Road and Aston Villa Chapels are also tasteful 
 structures, 
 
 _ The Roman Catuotics have several places of worship, 
 but it may suffice to mention the Cathedral in Bath Street, 
 dedicated to St. Chad. The building is of brick, with 
 stone dressings, and is a good rendering of the Decorated 
 style with such materials. The west front, which contains 
 the principal entrance through a deeply-recessed arch, has 
 on either side a lofty tower ending in a slated spire. 
 Above the entrance is a fine window of six lights. The 
 church consists of nave, aisles, transepts, and chancel. 
 The aisles are divided from the nave by six clustered 
 columns on either side, supporting pointed arches 75 ft. 
 high. Many of the windows are filled with good painted 
 
 C 
 
18 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 glass. The internal decorations of the building are very 
 elaborate and beautiful. The Cathedral, which was built 
 from the designs of the late Mr. Pugin, was consecrated 
 in 1838, and cost about £29,000. Among the antiquities 
 of the church may be mentioned the pulpit, an elaborate 
 carving of oak of the 16th century, representing the four 
 doctors of the Latin Church—St. Jerome, St. Gregory, St. 
 Augustine, and St. Ambrose. There are likewise an 
 Episcopal throne and stalls of the 15th century, and a 
 brass lectern of the same period. The pulpit came from 
 the church of St. Gertrude at Louvain ; the throne and 
 stalls from the church of St. Maria in Capitolio at Cologne. 
 The stations round the walls, representing our Lord’s 
 painful journey from Pilate’s house to Calvary, were cast 
 by De Vriendt of Antwerp. Beneath the Cathedral is a 
 crypt, or under-crypt, dedicated to St. Peter, and divided 
 into separate chantries, which serve the double purpose 
 of oratories and burial-places for the dead. The Bishop’s 
 House, the residence of the bishop and priests, was de- 
 signed by Pugin, and is an almost perfect specimen of 
 medieval domestic architecture. 
 
 The UNITARIANS possess one very elegant place of 
 worship in the Church of the Messiah, Islington, It is 
 in the Decorated style ; and besides a beautiful arcaded 
 entrance, richly adorned, possesses a graceful spire about 
 150 ft. high. The interior is handsomely fitted up, and 
 contains a monument of Priestley, with a medallion por- 
 trait in profile, and an inscription by Dr. Parr. 
 
 The SwEDENBORGIAN CHAPEL, in Wretham Road, 
 Soho, opened in 1876, is occupied by the earliest con- 
 gregation of this sect in England, the original chapel in 
 Newhall Street, now known as Zion Chapel, having been 
 
BIRMINGHAM. 19 
 
 built in 1791. One month after its opening it narrowly 
 escaped destruction at the hands of the rioters, being only 
 saved by the presence of mind of the minister, who flung 
 the collection of the previous day among the crowd. 
 
 The CHURCH OF THE SAVIOUR, in Edward Street Parade, 
 erected 1846-47, is an undenominational church founded 
 by the late George Dawson, and possesses a richly-deco- 
 rated interior and a finely-toned organ. 
 
 The Jews’ Synagogue, at Singer Hill, was erected in 
 1855, the cost, including that of the schools, being £10,000. 
 The style is Byzantine. The old synagogue stood in a 
 part of Birmingham called the “ Foggery,” but no longer 
 in the map of the town. 
 
 Pousiic BUILDINGS. 
 
 The Town Hatt of Birmingham is a good specimen of 
 Grecian architecture, the columns being copied from those 
 of the temple of Jupiter Stator at Rome. It occupies a 
 fine site at the top of New Street. The foundation-stone 
 was laid in 1832, but the building was not completed till 
 1850. It is constructed of Anglesea marble, and is the 
 work of Messrs. Hansom and Welch. We quote its 
 principal dimensions :— 
 
 Height of the basement . ° ° me eaitts 
 
 Height of the columns , : . - © SOT. 
 
 Diameter of the columns. r ; - 3 ft. 6:in, 
 Height of the capitals . , ‘ ° 4 ft. 
 Weight of each column . ; ° . 26 tons, 
 
 The principal room used for meetings and concerts is 
 open (without charge) every day, except Sunday. Its 
 dimensions are—length, 145 ft.; breadth, 65 ft.; 
 height, 65 ft. It can afford comfortable sitting room 
 
20 BIRMINGHAM, 
 
 for upwards of 2500 persons; and nearly double that 
 number have often stood beneath its roof, entranced by 
 the eloquence of Mr. Bright and other great popular 
 orators. The building was redecorated in 1876. At 
 the back of the orchestra is a splendid organ, built by - 
 Hill of London at a cost of about £3000. This organ, 
 which is the property of the Governors of the General 
 Hospital, was erected for the triennial musical festivals 
 which are held for the benefit of that institution, The 
 ease is 54 ft. high, 40 ft. wide, and 17 ft. deep. The 
 bellows are very large, and contain 300 square ft. of 
 surface, and upwards of 3 tons weight is required to give 
 the necessary pressure. There are four manuals, each 
 extending from CC to F in alt., 54 notes. The pedal 
 organ extends from CCC to F, two octaves and five notes, 
 There are 19 stops in the great, 10 in the swell, 9 in the 
 choir, 25 in the combination, and 15 in the pedal, and 5 
 couplers. There are also 7 composition pedals. The 
 organ contains 4119 pipes. 
 
 The ExcHancEs, in New Street, adjoining the Central 
 Railway Station, was built after the designs of Edward 
 Holmes of Birmingham, It was opened on 2d January 
 1865, and greatly enlarged in 1877-78. It is an 
 imposing edifice in the domestic Gothic style, and 
 in addition to the large room, there is a hall for the 
 meetings of the chamber of commerce, assembly rooms, 
 and dining-rooms, etc. The ground-floor is devoted to 
 shops, the front of each of which presents an arcade of 
 three arches, one serving for the doorway. The entrance 
 to the Exchange Rooms is in the centre of the main 
 elevation in Stephenson Place, and consists of an elegant 
 pointed arch under a tower, which, with its slated spire, 
 
BIRMINGHAM. Sr 
 
 rises to a height of about 100 ft. The several stories 
 above the ground-floor (three in number) present con- 
 tinuous arcades of pointed windows. 
 
 The Mounictpat Buripines, in Ann Street, form an 
 imposing and elaborate structure in the Classical style. 
 The foundation-stone was laid by Mr. J. Chamberlain, 
 the mayor, 17th June 1874, and the total cost is about 
 £150,000. The principal front in Ann Street is 296 
 ft. in length, the Congreve Street front 122 ft., and 
 the Eden Place front 153 ft.; the height from the 
 ground to the top of the main cornice 65 ft., and to 
 the top of the pediment over the main central entrance 
 90 ft., while the dome attains an elevation of 162 ft. 
 The pediments contain sculptured groups of figures re- 
 presenting manufactures, commerce, literature, arts, and 
 science, the central figure being Britannia. Opposite the 
 main entrance in Queen Street, and under the dome, is 
 the main staircase, 33 ft. square, having marble columns 
 to support the landing above, and marble handrail and 
 balusters. The principal corridor is 9 ft. wide, and runs 
 from east to west through the building on each floor, 
 and meets corridors running through the wings from north 
 to south. The building contains ninety rooms, devoted 
 to the various departments of the work of the Corporation. 
 Here are the-offices of the town-clerk, the borough sur- 
 veyor, and the health, the weights and measures, and gas 
 and water departments. In the western portion of the 
 principal floor is the Council Chamber, the seats of which 
 are arranged in a semicircular form, while behind them 
 a semicircular screen of marble columns separates from 
 the spectators’ gallery. 
 
 The GENERAL Post Orricz, in Paradise Street, partly 
 
a2 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 on account of the site, has a rather mean appéarance, but 
 the accommodation is ample, and the arrangements con- 
 venient and satisfactory. The public room contains a 
 statue of Sir Rowland Hill in Sicilian marble. 
 
 The Great WESTERN ARCADE extends from Temple 
 Row to Monmouth Street, and is built over the tunnel of 
 the Great Western Railway. It was erected by a company 
 formed in 1875, and was opened in 1876. It contains 
 forty-two shops on the ground-floor, and a like number 
 on the balcony, which are let for offices, The total 
 length is 400 ft., and the cost £70,000. 
 
 The CenTRAL RAILWAY STATION, at the foot of Stephen- 
 son Place, off New Street, was opened in September 1838; 
 and has lately been much enlarged. It is a large and 
 very elegant building in the Italian style. The lower 
 story is constructed of Derbyshire stone, the rest of the 
 building of white brick. The lower story is an arcade, 
 and along with the other parts of the building exhibits 
 much correctness and taste in its various details. The 
 building includes a hotel and refreshment room, as well 
 as the usual offices. The roof is a triumph of art. It is 
 composed of iron and glass; yet it has no support except 
 that afforded by the pillars on either side. The traffic of 
 the London and North-Western and Midland Railways, 
 and their many branches, is carried on in this station. 
 The station of the Great Western Railway is at Snow 
 Hill, about 10 minutes’ walk from New Street. During 
 the last few years it has been entirely rebuilt. 
 
 The Pusiic Orricr, Moor Street, erected in 1806, and 
 considerably enlarged in 1861, is mainly Grecian in style, 
 and is used for the Borough Court of Quarter Sessions, 
 the general Police Court, and other purposes. 
 
BIRMINGHAM. 23 
 
 The New County Court is a good building in the 
 Italian style, and was erected at a cost of £20,000. 
 
 The BoroucH Goat, at Winson Green, was erected 
 1848-49 at a cost of £100,000, and contains 600 separate 
 cells, On each side of the principal entrance stand the 
 residences of the governor and the chaplain, and the 
 porter lodges. The warders live in the turrets at the 
 angles of the boundary walls. 
 
 The Market Hatt, which extends from High Street 
 to Worcester Street, is a vast building in the Grecian 
 style. An Act of Parliament was procured for its erec- 
 tion in 1828, but it was not begun till 1833. It cost 
 about £67,261. There are twelve entrances, the prin- 
 cipal one being that towards High Street. The entire 
 length of this building is 365 ft. ; the width, 108; the 
 height, 60. 
 
 The FisH Market, at the corner of Bell Street, facing 
 the Bull Ring, was erected in 1870. The horse, cattle, 
 pig, hay, straw, and vegetable markets are held in the 
 Smithfield, and the carcase market in Jamaica Row. 
 
 The Corn EXcHANGE, situated in High Street, was 
 completed in 1847, at a cost of £6000. In its external 
 appearance there is nothing to attract admiration ; but 
 its interior, which is of the Italian-Doric style, is very 
 elegant. 
 
 The THEatrRE Royal, in New Street, presents to the 
 street a piazza surrounded by a colonnade, with a wing 
 on either side, ornamented respectively by medallions of 
 Shakespeare and Garrick. The interior is tastefully fitted 
 up, and affords accommodation for 2000 persons. 
 
 The Prince oF WALES THEATRE was originally 
 opened as a music-hall in 1856, at a cost of £12,000, 
 
 Illinois State University Library 
 
24 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 and was first opened asa theatre in 1862. It underwent 
 reconstruction in 1866 and 1876, and has accommodation 
 for about 3500 persons. A third theatre has been 
 erected in Corporation Street, at a cost of £20,000, with 
 accommodation for over 3000. 
 
 Newson’s Monument, in the Bull Ring, opposite St. 
 Martin’s Church, consists of a bronze statue of the 
 admiral standing on a circular marble pedestal, his left 
 arm resting on an anchor, and the model of a ship of war 
 behind him. The pedestal is ornamented with appropriate 
 sculptures. The monument is the work of Westmacott, 
 and is worthy of that eminent sculptor. It was inaugu- 
 rated in 1809. 
 
 The SratvuE oF Srr Rosert PEEL stands in the open 
 space near the Town Hall. The figure, which is in 
 bronze, and is considered a good likeness as well as an 
 excellent work of art, was executed by Mr. Peter Hollins 
 of Birmingham, and cast by Messrs. Elkington, Mason, 
 and Co. of Newhall Street. It was erected in 1855. 
 
 The Arrwoop Statur, New Street, was erected in 
 1859, in memory of the veteran father of political unions, 
 Thomas Attwood died in 1856. The statue, which is of 
 marble and the work of Mr. Thomas of London, is a very 
 effective likeness, It cost about £1000. 
 
 The Stura@e Sratus, Five Ways, was inaugurated in 
 1862. It represents the eminent philanthropist, Joseph 
 Sturge, on a pedestal, between fine allegorical figures of 
 Charity and Peace. The sculptor of this monument was 
 Mr. Thomas of London. 
 
 The SratrvE OF THE PRINCE Consort, by Foley, is of 
 Carrara marble, and more than life size, the cost being 
 upwards of £2000. The Prince is represented as clothed 
 
BIRMINGHAM. 25 
 
 in the robe of the Order of the Bath, and the heavy cloak 
 falling over and backwards from the shoulders forms a 
 background to the figure. . It was unveiled in the Art 
 Gallery 27th May 1868, and fortunately escaped injury 
 in the fire by which the Free Library was destroyed. 
 
 The Watt Status, near the Town Hall, is the work 
 of the late Alexander Munro, and was unveiled 2d October 
 1868. It is of Sicilian marble, and represents Watt 
 standing holding a pair of compasses in the right hand, 
 while the left is resting on the cylinder of an engine. 
 
 The Statur oF Dr. JosePpH PRIESTLEY, in Congreve 
 Street, near the Town Hall, was unveiled by Professor 
 Huxley, lst August 1874, the centenary of the discovery 
 of oxygen. The sculptor was Alex. W. Williamson. It 
 is of white marble. Dr. Priestley is represented at the 
 moment of his experiment by which he discovered oxygen. 
 He is holding a lens in his right hand, and in his left a 
 tube, placed in a small vessel containing mercury, the 
 vessel resting on a rustic pedestal. 
 
 A Sratvge oF George Dawson, by Woolner, sur- 
 mounted by a canopy, was unveiled on 5th October 1880. 
 
 There is a SratvuE oF Sir Rownanp Hitt in the 
 principal room of the Post Office. A handsome fountain 
 of white Portland stone has been erected at the back of the 
 Town Hall, as a memorial to Joseph Chamberlain, M.P. 
 The plaster models of Foley’s fine statues of Goldsmith 
 and Burke stand in the entrance of the Free Library. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, 
 
 The Free Grammar ScuHoonr, New Street, justly 
 regarded as one of the chief architectural ornaments of 
 
26 ‘BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Birmingham, was founded in 1552 by Edward VI., who 
 endowed it with the possessions of the ancient Guild of 
 the Holy Cross, which had come to the Crown at the 
 Dissolution. The original building, composed of wood 
 and plaster, was taken down in 1705; but that by which 
 it was displaced falling into decay, a new building was 
 erected in 1834, in the decorated Elizabethan style, from 
 the plans of Sir Charles Barry, at a cost of £67,000. 
 According to a scheme now being put into operation, this 
 building is to form a high school for male and female 
 students ; and as the total annual income of the founda- 
 tion amounts to £28,000, five additional schools are being 
 added—one, for boys only, at Five Ways; one at Bath 
 Row and another at Summer Hill, for girls only; and 
 one at Aston and another at Camphill, having departments 
 for both boys and girls. | 
 
 The Mason Science Cotitecr, Edmund Street, a hand- 
 some building in the Gothic style, was founded and 
 endowed by Sir Josiah Mason, at an expense of £100,000, 
 and was opened by Professor Huxley 1st October 1880. 
 The instruction embraces the two departments of science 
 and language—the former, including botany, chemistry, 
 engineering, geology, mathematics, metallurgy, physics, 
 physiology, and zoology; the latter, English, French, and 
 German, in addition to the Greek and Latin languages. 
 The course of instruction is open to both sexes, 
 
 The Biurz-Coat ScHooL, Temple Row, was founded in 
 1722. The present building was erected in 1724, but 
 has been much enlarged. 
 
 The BirMincHAM ScHooL BoaRD came into existence 
 in 1870, and has supplied elementary schools having 
 accommodation for nearly 30,000 pupils. 
 
BIRMINGHAM. A. 
 
 The QureEn’s CoLtiecE, in Paradise Street, near the 
 Town Hall, was incorporated by royal charter in 1867; 
 and chiefly owes its origin to the munificence of two 
 individuals, W. Sands Cox, Esq., F.R.S., and the Rev. S. 
 Wilson Warneford, LL.D. ‘The object of this institution 
 is to provide instruction for students in medicine and 
 surgery, civil architecture and engineering, and theology. 
 Medical students are qualified by its lectures for becoming 
 candidates for the medical degrees of the University of 
 London, the diplomas of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons, 
 London and Edinburgh, and the licence of the Society of 
 Apothecaries. The chapel contains an altar-piece designed 
 by Flaxman. The dining-hall contains several good 
 paintings. There is a library, with about 5000 volumes, 
 and an anatomical museum. In 1879 a central high 
 school for girls was opened in connection with the college. 
 
 Spring Hint Coiiees, for the education of young men 
 for the ministry in connection with the Independent 
 denomination, owes its origin to the benevolence of George 
 Storer Mansfield, Esq., and his sisters. Having resolved 
 to carry out their design in their lifetime, Mr. Mansfield 
 handed over to trustees certain landed estates for the 
 maintenance of the institution, and his sisters gave their 
 house for a college, in 1838. In 1851 a new building 
 was erected at a cost of £20,000. The style of the build- 
 ing is that of the early part of the 15th century. The 
 interior is very richly decorated. 
 
 St. Mary’s CarHouic CoLueGcE, Oscott, in the Gothic 
 style, 1837-38, contains a theological library with many 
 rare books, 
 
 There is a WESLEYAN THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE at Hands- 
 worth, 
 
28 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 SYDENHAM CoLLEGE, in Summer Lane, established in 
 1851, is a medical school. 
 
 The BrrmrngHamM AND Mipianpd InsritTurs, adjoining 
 the Town Hall, at the top of New Street, was opened in 
 1857. It includes a reading-room, museums, lectures, 
 classes for instruction in industrial science, a gallery of 
 fine arts, etc. A new wing was added to the building in 
 1881, at a cost of £30,000. In connection with the 
 institution there is a school of design associated with the 
 Government School of Art, South Kensington. It supplies 
 instruction in drawing, painting, modelling, and designing, 
 and a number of free scholarships are conferred annually. 
 
 The Free Libraries Act was adopted in Birmingham 
 in 1855, and a Central Free Library erected, adjoining 
 the Midland Institute, in 1866. The building was 
 destroyed by fire in 1879. The new building is in the 
 Italian style, and has accommodation for over 50,000 
 volumes, The Birmingham Old Library, founded in 1779, 
 contains upwards of 50,000 volumes. The Art Gallery is 
 worthy of a visit. The Small Arms Museum, in Paradise 
 Street, was formed by the guardians of the Birmingham 
 proof-house, and transferred to the Corporation in 1876. 
 The nucleus of the collection was bought from the trustees 
 of an Italian gentleman, the Cavaliere Callandra, who 
 had spent twenty years in obtaining it. It is now the 
 most complete collection of the kind in the world, and 
 contains examples of nearly every species of gun manu- 
 facture from the 15th century to the present day. 
 
 CHARITIES. 
 
 The GreNERAL Hospirat, Summer Lane, erected in 
 1779, and enlarged in 1791, 1830, 1856, 1868, and 1881, 
 
BIRMINGHAM. 29 
 
 now contains 200 beds, in addition to an out-patient 
 department capable of receiving 1000 patients per day. 
 The number of patients admitted annually is nearly 3000; 
 while the number visited in their own dwellings is 
 about 14,000. The triennial musical festivals in aid of 
 the institution are the most important provincial musical 
 gatherings in England, They are held in the Town Hall, 
 last four days, and usually bring a profit of from four to 
 five thousand pounds, 
 
 The QuzEEN’s Hospitat, Bath Row, was founded in 
 1840, and incorporated as a clinical hospital in 1861. 
 An out-patient department was added in 1873, at a cost 
 of £10,000. The annual number of in-patients is over 
 1500, and of out-patients about 15,000. 
 
 Among other institutions for the relief of the suffering 
 poor may be mentioned :—The Children’s Hospital, Broad 
 Street, formerly in Steelhouse Lane, established 1862; 
 the Hospital for Women, Park Hill, established in 1871; 
 the Hye Hospital, Temple Row, founded 1823; the General 
 Dispensary, Union Street, founded 1793, and having 
 branches at Camphill and Aston ; the Lying-in Charity, 
 Newhall Street, instituted 1842; the Har and Throat 
 Infirmary, Newhall Street, founded 1844; the Orthopedic 
 and Spinal Hospital, established in 1817, and reinaugurated 
 in 1859, situated under the same roof as the Har and Throat 
 Infirmary ; the Birmingham and Midland Counties Sana- 
 torium, at Blackwell, established 1866 ; the Dental Hospital, 
 Broad Street, established 1858; the Borough Hospital, 
 Western Road, Winson Green, established in 1874. 
 
 The Dear anp Dump Asytum, Edgbaston, for the 
 support and instruction of deaf and dumb children, was 
 opened in 1814, and affords education for about 120 
 
30 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 children. The GENERAL INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND, 
 Edgbaston, was originated by two ladies in 1846, and 
 two years afterwards adopted by the public. A building 
 in the Elizabethan style was completed in 1852, at a cost of 
 £12,000, and is surrounded by 2 acres of ground, The 
 REFORMATORY INSTITUTION, at Saltley, affords accommoda- 
 tion for eighty-five boys, who are trained to industrial occu- 
 pations, and when their period of detention is over, are 
 assisted to emigrate to Canada, Natal, or Tasmania, The 
 INDUSTRIAL ScHooL, Penn Street, takes charge of vagrant 
 and neglected children. The Str Jostan Mason’s Anms- 
 HOUSE AND ORPHANAGE, at Erdington, is a very extensive 
 establishment, with an endowment of about £200,000. 
 
 PARKS, ETC. 
 
 Few towns are better supplied with public parks than 
 Birmingham, but the central districts are badly provided 
 with open spaces, On its northern border is Aston Park, 
 opened as a free park in 1864, Cannon Hit Park, on 
 the Edgbaston Road, 57 acres in extent, was presented by 
 Miss Ryland, and opened in 1873. Smauu HeatH Park, 
 by the same donor, was opened in 1879. The ADDERLEY 
 Park, at Saltley, was the gift of the Right Hon. OC. B. 
 Adderley, now Lord Norton, in 1856, In 1864 a library 
 and museum were opened in connection with the park. 
 CALTHORPE PARK, in the Pershore Road, the gift of Lord 
 Calthorpe, was opened in 1857, SUMMERFIELD Park, in 
 the centre of which is Summerfield House, was acquired 
 in 1876. HicHGATE Park, Moseley Road, was opened in 
 1876, at a cost of £8000, defrayed by the Corporation, 
 
 The Wirton Cemetery, about 34 miles from the centre 
 of the town, comprises 105 acres; 53 acres are consecrated 
 
BIRMINGHAM, ol 
 
 for Episcopal burial, 35 acres are set apart for Protestant 
 Dissenters, 12 for Roman Catholics, and a small portion for 
 Jews, who have a chapel of their own. The Cemetery was 
 completed in 1864, The CHurcH or ENGLAND CEMETERY, 
 on the north-western border of the town, between Vyse 
 Street and Icknield Street, was consecrated in 1848, It 
 is laid out with much taste, and has a handsome church 
 in the Perpendicular style, dedicated to St. Michael, and 
 used for worship. The GENERAL CEMETERY is in the 
 immediate vicinity of that just noticed, and is, like it, 
 planned very tastefully. It contains a chapel for the 
 conducting of the burial service. Some of the monuments 
 are worthy of notice. 
 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 The metal industries of Birmingham date from a very early 
 period ; for we find Leland, who wrote in the reign of Henry 
 VIII., saying: ‘‘There be many smithes in the towne, that use 
 to make knives and all manner of cutting tooles, and many. 
 lorimers that make bittes, and a great many naylours ; so that 
 a great part of the town is maintained by smithes, who have 
 their iron and sea coal out of Staffordshire.” Hutton is even 
 of opinion that ‘‘the Britons were supplied with their imple- 
 ments of war and husbandry from the black artists of the 
 Birmingham forge long before the landing of Cesar.” Swords 
 were manufactured in great numbers in the reign of Charles I. 
 for the Parliamentary army. The manufacture of gilded orna- 
 ments became of importance at the Restoration, and that of 
 guns in the reign of William III. From that period the 
 productions of Birmingham increased in number and extent ; 
 and at present it is unsurpassed in the world for the variety and 
 excellence of its manufactures in metals. The local Exposition 
 of 1849 gave a remarkable stimulus to the enterprise of the 
 town, and since then it has occupied a leading place in the 
 great exhibitions of the world for its own special productions. 
 It was the Birmingham Exposition of 1849 which suggested to 
 
32 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Prince Albert the idea of an exhibition of the products of the 
 industry of all nations. 
 
 Button-Makina is among the oldest and most important 
 industries-of the town. Immense fortunes have been made in 
 the button trade—one eminent manufacturer having acknow- 
 ledged that by a single improvement he realised £40,000. 
 Buttons are made of brass, copper, steel, pewter, cloth, glass, 
 pearl, horn, shell, bone, wood, and porcelain. The gilt button 
 has gone out of use for gentlemen’s dress, but is still extensively 
 used for military and other uniforms. Formerly it employed 
 thousands of persons ; and it is stated that John Taylor, who 
 was the first to embark largely in its manufacture, acquired a 
 fortune of £200,000. This trade is still carried on at the 
 manufactories of Hammond, Turner, and Sons, and Smith and 
 Wright, both of which houses produce other varieties of buttons 
 of great beauty. Jennens and Co, are makers to Her Majesty 
 and the Prince of Wales. Medals are also made by several 
 firms. The extensive manufactory of Elliot and Sons, Regent 
 Street, sends forth millions of the Florentine or cloth buttons 
 annually. There also are produced linen buttons, military and 
 sporting buttons, etc. Among other establishments the fol- 
 lowing deserve to be noticed :—William Kirby, Whitby Place, 
 Summer Lane (hooks, eyes, and buttons) ; Banks and Ham- 
 mond, St. Paul’s Square (pearl and bone buttons) ; Watts and 
 Martin ; and Green, Cadbury, and Richards. 
 
 SworRD AND GUN MAKING is an important branch of the 
 trade of Birmingham. Swords were made here from a very early 
 period—as early as the time of the Britons, Hutton thinks. It 
 has been already mentioned that Birmingham supplied Crom- 
 well’s soldiers with 15,000 swords. This manufacture is, we 
 believe, carried on in its greatest excellence and extent in the 
 manufactory of Charles Reeves and Co., Toledo Works, Charlotte 
 Street. Other important manufactories of this kind are those 
 of Harvey, Albert Works, Glover Street ; Robert Mole and Sons, 
 Granville Street ; and Martindale and Co., Alma Street. 
 
 The gun and pistol trade employs about 10,000 persons, and 
 about 600,000 gun barrels are proved annually. The largest 
 firm is perhaps the Birmingham Small Arms Company. Other 
 
BIRMINGHAM. 33 
 
 extensive producers of firearms are Cooper and Goodman, 
 Woodcock Street ; Bentley and Playfair, Summer Lane ; Swin- 
 burn and Son, Russell Street; and Hollis and Sons, Wea- 
 man Row. The sporting guns of Westley Richards and Co., 
 High Street, are universally known and appreciated. In the 
 manufacture there is considerable division of labour, and in 
 many cases it is carried on by the work-people in their own 
 homes. 
 
 In connection with the gun trade, the Gun-Barrel Proof- 
 Houses, in Banbury Street, Digbeth, and in Baggott Street, 
 deserve to be noticed. All firearms fabricated in Birmingham 
 are required to be proved here. They are fired with a double 
 charge of powder and ball, and are not examined for twenty-four 
 hours after firing. The good barrels are stamped, and the bad 
 ones broken to pieces in a vice. 
 
 The Gop, SILVER-PLATE, AND JEWELLERY trade does not 
 appear to have been carried on to any great extent till a recent 
 period. At present a considerable portion of the jewellery dis- 
 posed of in this country is produced in Birmingham. The trade 
 has almost appropriated a district of the town to itself, namely 
 that of All Saints’ and St. Paul’s. The number of persons ein- 
 ployed is about 10,000, and the makers number about 600. It is 
 estimated that more of the precious metals are used in the manu- 
 factures of Birmingham than even in the metropolis itself. The 
 principal houses in the jewellery trade are the following :—Goode 
 and Sons, Regent Place, where the manufacture of gold chains, 
 and the fitting up of gems, etc., may be seen to advantage; 
 Balleny, Tenbey Street ; Aston and Son, Regent Place ; Betts 
 and Sons, Charlotte Street, St. Paul’s Square ; Williams, Vyse 
 Street; C. T. Shaw, Vyse Street; Manton and Mole, Great 
 Charles Street ; T. and J. Bragg, Vittoria Street ; and Pritchard 
 and Martin, Regent Place. 
 
 ELECTRO- PLATING is an art of much importance, and one 
 which holds a very prominent place among the manufactures of 
 Birmingham. In the extensive establishment of Elkington, 
 Mason, and Co. the different processes are carried to great per- 
 fection. Their show-room is one of the largest and most elegant 
 in the world, and the tourist cannot fail to be delighted by a 
 
 D 
 
34 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 visit to it. We have no space to describe the process by which 
 a coating of gold, silver, or other metal is deposited on the plated 
 articles. The effect is extremely beautiful. Specimens of the 
 different processes are exhibited in the show-room. This firm 
 also produces admirable groups and figures in bronze. The 
 statue of Sir Robert Peel, in New Street, was cast by them from 
 a model by Peter Hollins, Esq. The works of J. Yates and Sons, 
 Pritchett Street ; Horace Woodward and Co., Paradise Street ; 
 and G. R. Collis and Co., Cambridge Street, also exhibit the 
 perfection of the process in its numerous applications. The 
 last- mentioned works were formerly the establishment of Sir 
 Edward Thomason and Co. The show-room, besides a splendid 
 assortment of silver and plated goods, contains a copy in bronze 
 of the famous Warwick Vase, the construction of which occupied 
 seven years, and a statue, also in bronze, of George IY. in his 
 coronation robes. . 
 
 The manufacture of BrAss and Bronze employs about 12,000 
 persons. In one establishment, R. W. Winfield and Co., 
 Cambridge Street Works, 700 workmen are constantly employed. 
 Messrs. Winfield received a Council medal at the Great Exhibi- 
 tion for the superiority of the articles they displayed. Iron- 
 mongery of all kinds, plain and ornamental, is manufactured in 
 these works. A manufactory of a similar kind is that of 
 William Tonks and Sons, Moseley Street. The manufactures 
 of Hardman and Co. are extremely interesting, presenting faith- 
 ful and tasteful imitations of the medieval style. Messenger 
 and Sons, Broad Street, are famed for their ornamental work in 
 bronze and ormolu. We may mention, among other of their 
 well-known productions, the magnificent chandeliers of St. 
 George’s Hall, Liverpool, the staircase of Northumberland 
 House, London, the gates of the Fitzwilliam Museum at 
 Cambridge, and the fine fountain which formerly stood in the 
 Birmingham Market Hall. 
 
 Among the workers in Iron we may mention William Bar- 
 well, whose bolt and rivet works are in Brookfield Road. Wire 
 is made by the Birmingham Battery Company of Digbeth and 
 Selby Oak ; Charles Clifford and Sons, Fazeley Street ; Heaton 
 and Dugard, Shadwell Street; and Samuel Walker, Lower 
 
BIRMINGHAM, oo 
 
 Fazeley Street. Cut nail making is carried on by several firms. 
 Screwing- tackle is made by Thomas Chatwin, Great Tindal 
 Street, and other firms. The steam-engine manufactory of 
 Soho, still carried on by the firm of James Watt and Co., will 
 be viewed with special interest, as it was here that James 
 Watt, in company with Mr. Boulton, established the first 
 manufactory of steam-engines. 
 
 GLASS MANUFACTURES. — The establishment of F. and C. 
 Osler, Broad Street, enjoys a reputation perhaps second to that 
 of no other in the kingdom. Other very important works, 
 where the various branches of the manufacture are carried on, 
 are those of Chance and Co., Smethwick ; J. and O. C. Hawkes, 
 Bromsgrove Street; Stone, Fawdry, and Stone, Dartmouth 
 Street ; H. J. Manton, Great Charles Street; and Sarsons and 
 Son, Chester Street. 
 
 PaprerR-MAcHké is an interesting and beautiful manufacture. 
 The tourist may see it in its various processes by inquiry 
 at any of the manufactories, which number about a dozen in 
 all. Various kinds of paper-manufacture are also carried on. 
 
 STEEL Pens.—It would be scarcely an exaggeration to say 
 that Birmingham supplies the whole world with steel pens. 
 Probably the most noted manufactory is that of Gillott and Com- 
 pany, Graham Street. The names of Mitchell, Mason, Hinks, 
 Wells, Brandauer, etc., are well known in connection with this 
 manufacture. Gold pens are produced by Perry and Co. and 
 other manufacturers. 
 
 It is impossible to notice in detail even the chief of the mis- 
 cellaneous manufactures carried on in Birmingham. The town 
 is the centre of the Pin manufacture. Bellows and Portable 
 Forges are made by J. Onions, Bradford Street. The manufac- 
 _ ture of Oil and Gas Lamps, specially designed for the Indian 
 markets, has been brought to a point of high excellence by W. 
 Cooper and Son, Aston Road, and many other houses. The 
 manufacture of Railway Carriages and Waggons has become 
 an important branch of trade, employing a very large number 
 of hands, The principal manufactories are those of the Mid- 
 land Waggon Company, the Metropolitan Company, and the 
 Britannia Works. 
 
36 VICINITY OF BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 At the RoyvaL Mint, Heaton and Sons, Icknield Street East, 
 copper coin is made for the British and Foreign Governments, 
 including China, Turkey, Italy, and the Republics of South 
 America. The first mint was established in Birmingham by 
 Matthew Boulton at Soho, and from 1797 to 1805 coined for the 
 British Government upwards of 4000 tons of copper coin, 
 amounting to nearly £800,000. 
 
 VICINITY OF BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 THE suburbs of Birmingham afford sufficient evidence 
 of the prosperity of the town. Not confining itself to. 
 Warwickshire, Birmingham is rapidly extending into the 
 adjoining counties of Stafford and Worcester. Numerous 
 handsome villas, with pleasant gardens and grounds, sur- 
 round all sides of the town. Edgbaston appears to be the 
 quarter of the wealthier classes, though Aston and Hands- 
 worth are also favourite localities. 
 
 The extensive parish of Aston les to the north of 
 Birmingham. | 
 
 Aston Hall is 24 miles by rail from the New Street Sta- 
 tion. It is in the Elizabethan style, and occupies a gentle 
 eminence at the end of a fine avenue of elms and Spanish 
 chestnuts. The building was commenced in 1618 by Sir 
 Thomas Holte, but not finished till 1635. In 1642 
 Charles I. was entertained here for two days; and the 
 room in which he slept is still called “ King Charles’s Bed- 
 room.” For his attachment to the royal cause, Sir Thomas 
 was attacked by a party of the townspeople of Birming- 
 ham, assisted by some regular troops. After a brief 
 defence the Hall was surrendered. In this affair a cannon- 
 ball shattered part of the staircase. The effect of the 
 stroke may be seen to this day. Sir Thomas was heavily 
 fined for his loyalty. The Holte family becoming extinct, 
 
VICINITY OF BIRMINGHAM. 37 
 
 Aston Hall and Park passed through several hands. It 
 ‘was for some years the residence of James Watt, Esq., son 
 of the inventor of the steam-engine. A large portion of 
 the park had previously to 1857 been disposed of for 
 building purposes. In that year a company was formed 
 for the purpose of acquiring for the people the hall and 
 what remained unfeued of the park. Great élat was 
 given to the project by her Majesty visiting Birmingham, 
 and inaugurating the park with much ceremony, in 1858. 
 The company having, however, failed in its object, the 
 Corporation made good the deficiency (£20,000), thereby 
 securing the park, extending now to about 43 acres, for 
 the people. Some of the apartments of Aston Hall are 
 well worthy of inspection. The Great Hall, at the en- 
 trance, has a richly-decorated plaster ceiling, with a broad 
 cornice containing the figures of various animals. The 
 lower portions of the walls are wainscoted, and are painted 
 with landscapes and figures of Roman emperors. The 
 back of the grate bears the royal arms, with the initials 
 C. R. Over the chimney-piece are inscribed the following 
 lines :— 
 “Tf service be thy meane to thrive, 
 Thov mvst therein remaine, 
 
 Both silent, faithful, jvst, and trve, 
 Content to take some paine. 
 
 “Tf love of vertve may allvre, 
 Or hope of worldly gaine, 
 If feare of God may the procvre, 
 To serve doe not disdaine.” 
 
 The Great Staircase is enriched with grotesque carvings. 
 Here may be seen the shattered standard and panelling in 
 the condition to which it was reduced by the cannonading 
 
38 VICINITY OF BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 previously referred to. The Great Drawing-Room is a fine 
 and interesting apartment. Its ornamental stone frieze, 
 with military figures of various ages and nations, its decor- - 
 ated ceiling, and its splendid chimney-piece, are all well 
 worthy of attention. The Long Gallery, said to be one 
 of the finest in England, is 136 ft. long, 18 wide, and 
 16 high. The walls are panelled with oak, and the ceiling 
 is richly ornamented. The marble chimney-piece, the 
 finest in the house, exhibits curious but graceful sculpture. 
 This gallery formerly contained a series of family portraits ; 
 but these are now all dispersed. King Charles’s Bedroom 
 possesses some interest from its association with the haughty 
 and unfortunate monarch. Aston Hall contains 103 apart- 
 ments. A portion of Aston Hall, twenty-four rooms in 
 all, are now used for the purpose of a museum, and con- 
 tain a large collection of objects of interest, many of them 
 presented by gentlemen residing in Birmingham or its 
 neighbourhood. It has also lately received an important 
 collection of Natural History specimens from the Queen’s 
 College, Birmingham. 
 
 The lower portion of the park, known as Aston Lower 
 Grounds, has been laid out at great expense-as a pleasure- 
 garden. It contains assembly rooms seated for 4000 
 persons ; a winter-garden laid out with ornamental water ; 
 an aquarium; and cricket and archery grounds. The 
 aquarium is one of the largest in the kingdom, and contains 
 both fresh-water and marine specimens, The rock work 
 of the aquarium is specially beautiful. The aviary con- 
 tains many varieties of foreign birds, and there are also 
 several cages with wild beasts. The cricket and football 
 meadows are among the finest in the Midland counties, 
 and the bicycling and running grounds are well known 
 
VICINITY OF BIRMINGHAM. 39 
 
 throughout England. . From the elevated terrace pro- 
 menade a splendid view is obtained of the beautiful land- 
 scape garden. The skating rink measures 300 ft. by 80 ft. 
 At the end of it is the monkey-house. Outside the main 
 entrance of the grounds is the Holte Hotel, where every 
 accommodation can be obtained. Steam tram-cars leave 
 for Birmingham every five minutes. 
 
 Aston Church is near the Hall. It is a graceful struc- 
 ture, of different periods, The tower and spire are of 
 the reign of Henry VI. In the interior are some inter- 
 esting monuments of the Holte family, and of other 
 distinguished personages. 
 
 CoLESHILL, 14 miles distant by rail, is described at 
 p. 46. 
 
 EDGBASTON is noticed here more on account of its 
 general picturesqueness than from its possessing any 
 objects of special interest to the tourist. The Church, 
 dedicated to St. Bartholomew, has undergone many alter- 
 ations and additions since the Restoration, when it was 
 rebuilt by Sir Richard Gough. Though architecturally 
 of no importance, it is by no means destitute of pictur- 
 esqueness, The Hall, a plain brick building, on the site 
 of an ancient edifice destroyed at the Revolution, is 
 situated near the church, in a finely-wooded park. 
 
 HANDswoRrTH, 3 miles north-west of Birmingham, forms 
 along with Soho a township. The position of the tower 
 of the church is exceptional, being placed at the east end 
 of the south aisle. On the north side of the chancel is a 
 chapel, erected for the reception of Chantrey’s statue of 
 James Watt, the cost of which was 2000 guineas. In the 
 north-east corner of the chancel is a mural monument by 
 Flaxman to Boulton, the friend and partner of Watt. In 
 
40 VICINITY OF BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 the south-east corner of the chancel is a marble bust of 
 Murdoch by Chantrey. 
 
 HARBORNE, connected with Birmingham by a continu- 
 ous line of villas, forming the suburb of Edgbaston, pos- 
 sesses a church with an ancient tower and some good 
 stained-glass windows, including one in memory of David 
 Cox the painter, who died at Harborne in 1859. 
 
 K1ne’s Norton, in Worcestershire, 4 miles south of 
 Birmingham, possesses a handsome church in the Perpen- 
 dicular style, with work of an earlier date. It has 
 recently undergone restoration. The grammar school 
 was endowed by Edward VI. The town received a grant 
 of a market from James I. It possesses paper mills and 
 a screw factory. 
 
 SALTLEY is a hamlet in Aston parish much fre- 
 quented in summer on account of its park of 11 
 acres, presented by the Right Hon. C. B. Adderley, 
 now Lord Norton. The Church of St. Saviour’s is 
 in the Perpendicular style. Within a short distance of 
 the church is the Worcester, Lichfield, and Hereford 
 Diocesan Training College, for the education of masters 
 for elementary schools. It was erected at a cost of 
 £17,133, on an estate of 7 acres. The building is in 
 the Gothic style, the material being red sandstone and 
 Bath stone. In connection with the college there is a 
 practising school with accommodation for 400 pupils. 
 The Birmingham Reformatory for Boys is situated at 
 Upper Saltley, where over eighty boys are maintained and 
 educated. At Saltley are the extensive carriage works of 
 Brown, Marshalls, and Co., which are considered the most 
 complete of the kind in the kingdom. 
 
 Surron CoLpFIELD, distant 74 miles north-east by rail, 
 
VICINITY OF BIRMINGHAM. 41 
 
 is a market-town of considerable antiquity. It was once 
 a royal manor, and afterwards belonged to the earls of 
 Warwick. It had fallen into great decay in the time of 
 Henry VIII, when John Vesey or Harman, Bishop of 
 Exeter, a native of this place, by his numerous benefac- 
 tions restored it to its original importance, and laid the 
 foundation of its subsequent prosperity. He enlarged 
 and ornamented the church, erected a town-hall and 
 market-house, and founded and endowed a free school. 
 The Church is of the 138th century, and consists of nave, 
 chancel, and two side aisles. There is a monument to 
 Bishop Vesey, and others to the Jesson family. Sutton 
 Park, containing about 3500 acres, was bestowed on the 
 town by Bishop Vesey for the benefit of the poorer 
 inhabitants. ! 
 
 Sutton Coldfield has in its immediate neighbourhood 
 the Roman road termed Icknield Street, in many places 
 very distinctly marked. There are also the remains of 
 an extensive encampment, ascribed by some to the 
 Romans, and by others to the early Britons. The works 
 have occupied a square of 4 acres. 
 
 Among other places of interest in the neighbourhood 
 of Birmingham may be mentioned Acock’s Green, Birch- 
 field, Castle Bromwich, West Bromwich, Northfield, Perry 
 Bar and Great Bar, Quinton, Selly Oak, Smethwick, 
 Washwood Heath, and Yardley. 
 
 1 Fuller gives Vesey small credit for his benefactions to Sutton Cold- 
 field. ‘‘ He robbed his own cathedral to pay a parish church.” His 
 bishopric ‘‘he destroyed, not only shaving the hairs (with long leases), 
 but cutting away the limbs with sales outright, insomuch that Bishop 
 Hall, his successor in that see, complaineth in print that the following 
 bishops were barons, but bare-ones indeed.” Vesey died at the age of 103, 
 and was buried iu Sutton Church. 
 
42 CHESTERTON, 
 
 CHARLECOTE. 
 
 In the Vicinity ofr STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 
 
 CHESTERTON. 
 
 From Southam Road Station, 3 miles. 
 
 THIS small hamlet may be reached by a pleasant walk or 
 drive from either Warwick or Leamington, or by rail to 
 Southam Road, whence it is distant about 3 miles, A 
 conveyance from Southam attends several of the trains, 
 enabling the tourist to visit that town, should he wish it, 
 before proceeding to Chesterton. The road to Chesterton 
 from Southam Road Station lies through Harbury (p. 44), 
 and may be shortened by a footpath, which will be 
 pointed out by any of the country people. 
 
 Chesterton received its name from the Roman camp 
 near it. The manor-house was the seat of the powerful 
 family of Peyto in the time of Edward III., and through 
 several successive generations. 'The last and most famous 
 personage of this family was Peter de Peyto, created a 
 cardinal in the reign of Henry VIII., to whose daughter 
 Mary, afterwards Queen of England, he was confessor. 
 In the reign of Mary, being appointed the Pope’s legate, 
 in place of the famous Cardinal Pole, who had come 
 under the displeasure of the Pontiff, he was refused per- 
 mission to enter the country in that capacity, when he 
 retired to France, where he died, April 1558. The 
 manor-house, which was built in the reign of Edward IV., 
 and had important additions made to it about the year 
 1630, under the directions of the celebrated Inigo Jones, 
 was taken down by Lord Willoughby de Brooke in 1802. 
 
CHESTERTON, 42 
 
 The Cuurcu, dedicated to St. Giles, is pleasantly situ- 
 ated, and is worthy of a visit on account of the ancient 
 monuments it contains. The principal one is on the 
 south side of the chancel, and consists of an altar-tomb, 
 bearing date of 1589, with the recumbent effigies of Sir 
 Humphrey Peyto, and Anna his wife—the knight being 
 habited in armour, and the lady in the fashion of the 
 time. There are two other monuments, both bearing a 
 couple of busts—one to the memory of Sir Edward Peyto, 
 who died in 1643, and Elizabeth his wife; the other 
 commemorating Sir William Peyto (son of Sir Humphrey 
 and father of Sir Edward), who died in 1609, and his 
 wife Eleanora. All these monuments are in good pre- 
 servation. ‘The east window is filled with a fine repre- 
 sentation of the Last Supper, erected in 1862 by Lord 
 Willoughby de Brooke. 
 
 In the reign of Henry V. John Lucy, vicar of this 
 parish, afforded an asylum to Lord Cobham, one of the 
 most noted followers of Wickliffe. For this offence, and 
 for heresy, he was tried and condemned; but through 
 the exertions of his friends he obtained the royal pardon. 
 
 On a hill near the village stands a large stone wind- 
 mill, erected in 1632 by Sir Edward Peyto, after a design 
 by Inigo Jones, It is circular in form, and supported by 
 six arches with pilaster capitals. This windmill forms a 
 convenient landmark to guide the tourist to the Roman 
 Camp, which is in a field a few hundred yards west of the 
 hill on which it stands, 
 
 The Fosse Road passes through the hamlet, and is used 
 as a country road, Half a mile along it to the left is the 
 RoMAN Camp, square in form, and of considerable extent. 
 Gibson remarks that the Roman origin of this fortification 
 
44 CHESTERTON. 
 
 is evident from three circumstances :—‘“‘ First, the name 
 of the place, which plainly comes from the Roman cas- 
 trum; secondly, its nearness to the Roman Foss, upon 
 which it is certain that, at convenient distances, places of 
 entertainment were built for the reception of the armies 
 on their march ; the third token is, that in the compass 
 within which the Roman building is supposed to have 
 stood several old Roman coins have been dug up.” It 
 was probably an intermediate station between High Cross 
 and Alcester. 
 
 A walk of about 2 miles will bring the tourist to 
 Bishop’s Tachbrook, 2 miles from Leamington and 3 
 from Warwick. 
 
 BisHop’s ITcHinGton, situated on the Itchen, a small 
 stream to the south of Chesterton, was granted by the 
 monks of Coventry to the bishops of Lichfield and Coven- 
 try. Formerly it was divided into Upper and Lower 
 Itchington. The latter village became depopulated in 
 the reign of Henry VIII., and the church erected there 
 was pulled down. 
 
 HarsBoury, about 2 miles from Chesterton, has a church 
 in different styles, the oldest parts Early English. The 
 school is now in a dilapidated condition. 
 
 LADBROKE, 2 miles south of Southam, possesses a very 
 ancient church, the interior of which has been restored by 
 Sir Gilbert Scott. The silver communion service, of the 
 value of £1500, was presented by Lady Alice Dudley in 
 1638. 
 
 NapTon-ON-THE-HIL1, 3 miles south-east of Southam, 
 is noted for the extensive view which is obtained from it. 
 The Church of St. Lawrence, in the Early English style, 
 has lately been restored. 
 
CHESTERTON. 45 
 
 SoutHam (/nns: Craven Arms, Bull).—This small 
 market-town, between 5 and 6 miles from Chesterton, 
 and about 3 from the station of the same name, is 
 pleasantly situated and picturesquely wooded. 
 
 The Church, which occupies a commanding position on 
 the border of the town, consists of nave, aisles, chancel, 
 with a north aisle and vestry, and a tower surmounted by 
 a lofty spire at the west end. The oldest parts are the 
 tower, which is Early English, and the nave, which is 
 Perpendicular. The chancel and aisles have been rebuilt 
 in the Decorated style. It contains no monuments of 
 -importance. The windows are filled with stained 
 glass. 
 
 Just outside of the town is an Jnfirmary for diseases of 
 the eye and ear, established and long presided over by 
 Mr. Smith, a benevolent surgeon, whose philanthropic 
 services are recorded on a tablet on the front of the 
 institution. The town also possesses a National School, 
 a Dispensary, a Workhouse, and a Convent for the Sisters 
 of Jesus, 
 
 A mineral spring, similar to those of Leamington, was 
 formerly in considerable request. The beautiful walks in 
 the neighbourhood, and the remarkable salubrity, have 
 of late years attracted many visitors of delicate health. 
 The sanitary arrangements are very complete, the sewage 
 being applied to the irrigation of a farm about a mile distant. 
 
 STockKToNn, about 2 miles north-east of Southam and 6 
 from Chesterton, possesses a church, dedicated to St: Michael, 
 in the Gothic style, the most ancient portion dating from 
 the 14th century. Blue lias, lime, and cement, form an 
 important trade. The lias quarries abound in animal 
 fossils. In one part of the village is to be seen an 
 
46 - COLESHILL. 
 
 immense boulder of granite supposed to have been carried 
 from Mount Sorrel in Leicestershire, a distance of 60 
 miles, during the glacial period. Recent cuttings in the 
 quarries have revealed an extensive bed of tile or boulder 
 clay, from which have been dug four large boulders of 
 granite and sandstone, thickly charged with smaller stones 
 of quartzite, flint, gray sandstone, rolled Bunter pebbles 
 and lias; the sandstone and las being planed, polished, 
 and striated by the action of the ice. They are supposed 
 to be relics of the Pleistocene Ice period. Stockton pos- 
 sesses a mineral spring. 
 
 Urton, a hamlet 2 miles from Southam and 3 from 
 Chesterton, is situated on a rocky eminence commanding 
 an extensive prospect. It possesses an Early English 
 Church, mostly restored. Im the churchyard stands a 
 stone cross, with the inscription—‘“ To the glory of God, 
 this parish cross, erected about A.D. 1316, was restored 
 A.D. 1862.” The upper part of the cross, which is all 
 that remains of the original structure, is in tolerable pre- 
 servation. It has emblematical sculptures on each of its 
 four sides, the front one being the Crucifixion, and the 
 others, a bearded figure, perhaps representing Moses ; the 
 Virgin and Child ; and the Virgin holding in her hand 
 the crown of thorns. 
 
 COLESHILL AND ITS VICINITY. 
 
 Hotels: Lamb, Swan, and The Horse Shoe. 
 
 From Birmingham, 14 miles; Coventry, 14; Tamworth, 10. 
 
 THis quiet market-town consists mainly of one long 
 picturesque street on the slope of a hill, at the foot of . 
 
COLESHILL. 47 
 
 which flows the Cole, the small stream whence it derives 
 its name. 
 
 The CuurcH, which was restored in 1859 at a cost of 
 £12,000, is in the Decorated style, and consists of nave, 
 aisles, chancel, and tower, surmounted by a noble 
 crocketed spire. It contains some fine monuments of the 
 Clintons and Digbys. There are three altar-tombs, each 
 bearing two figures, male and female, recumbent, with 
 their hands clasped in prayer. One pair of these figures 
 is coloured after life. The lady’s figure and dress are 
 particularly handsome. A monumental brass, bearing 
 the date of 1652, and having a male and female figure 
 cut in outline, will be found worthy of notice. The 
 font is of Norman design, and of great beauty. 
 
 The FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, adjoining the churchyard, 
 was built in the reign of James I. by Lady Alice Digby. 
 The old Marxert-Houvss has recently been pulled down. 
 The stocks and pillory still remain. 
 
 In the vicinity of Coleshill are Maxstoke Castle and 
 the ruins of Maxstoke Priory, 
 
 MAXSTOKE CasTLE, a mile and a half from Coleshill, 
 may be reached by a pleasant footpath through the 
 fields, It is surrounded by a deer park of 150 acres, and 
 is one of the few structures of the kind in England which 
 are kept in their original fortified aspect—a considerable 
 part of it remaining in the same state as when first 
 erected by William de Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon, in 
 the reign of Edward III. In the reign of Henry VI. 
 the estate passed in exchange to Humphrey, Earl of 
 Stafford, afterwards Duke of Buckingham, for certain 
 manors in Northamptonshire. After various transmis- 
 sions the castle and estates, about the reign of Queen 
 
48 COLESHILL. 
 
 Elizabeth, became the property of the Dilke family, the 
 present owners. The castle is in the form of a parallelo- 
 gram, with a hexagonal tower at each corner, and is still 
 surrounded by a moat. The entrance is by a lofty gate- 
 way. The gates, which were erected by Humphrey, 
 Duke of Buckingham, in the reign of Henry VL., are 
 covered with plates of iron embossed with his arms, 
 About forty years ago an accidental fire destroyed a 
 portion of the interior, but the principal parts are un- 
 touched. The hall and the drawing-room are especially 
 interesting. The latter has a door and chimney-piece 
 curiously carved. In the walls of the Great Court are to 
 be seen the ancient lodgments of the soldiers, 
 
 The Priory is about a mile to the south of the castle. 
 This religious house was founded in 1337 by William de 
 Clinton, and liberally endowed for canons regular of the 
 order of St. Augustine. The remains consist of the 
 gateway, fragments of the tower and detached parts of 
 the building, and the boundary wall. The site is now 
 occupied by a farmhouse. A small church adjoins the 
 cateway, evidently constructed out of the ruins of the 
 priory. 
 
 SHUSTOKE, a small village between 2 and 3 miles 
 distant, is the birthplace of Sir William Dugdale, the 
 Warwickshire historian.) The Church, erected in the 
 
 1 Sir William Dugdale was born in Shustoke rectory-house in 1605. 
 His Antiquities of Warwickshire appeared in 1656, printed at his own 
 cost. This is a work of great value, and well deserves the eulogium of 
 Fuller :—‘‘I cannot but congratulate the happiness of this county 
 in having Master William Dugdale, my worthy friend, a native thereof; 
 whose illustrations are so great a work no young man could be so bold 
 to begin, or old man hope to finish it, whilst one of middle age fitted 
 the performance—a well-chosen county for such a subject, because lying 
 in the centre of the land whose lustre diffuseth the light, and darteth 
 
COMBE ABBEY. 49 
 
 reign of Edward II., and a good example of the style of 
 that period, contains monuments to the memory of Sir 
 William Dugdale and other members of his family. 
 
 Blythe Hall, midway between Shustoke and Coleshill, 
 was the seat of Sir William Dugdale, and is still the 
 property of his descendants. It occupies a somewhat low 
 position on the small river Blythe, but is a handsome and 
 spacious edifice. In the interior is a portrait of Sir 
 William, 
 
 COMBE ABBEY. 
 
 From Coventry, 5 miles ; Brandon Station, 3; Rugby, 743 
 Stretton Station, 3. 
 
 THE walk or drive from Coventry to Combe Abbey does 
 not include any object of special interest. Between 3 
 and 4 miles from the city the road passes through the 
 village of Bintey, which has a tasteful little modern 
 church, possessing a good east window with a Holy 
 
 beams to the circumference of the kingdom. It were a wild wish that all 
 the shires in England were deseribed to an equal degree of perfection, as 
 which will be accomplished when each star is as big and bright as the sun. 
 However, one may desire them done quoad speciem, though not quwoad 
 gradum, in imitation of Warwickshire.” Dugdale was an indefatigable 
 collector, and while preparing his work on Warwickshire, made a diligent 
 search for old documents both in libraiies and private houses. His great- 
 est work is the Monasticon Anglicanum, published 1655-73 and again 1817- 
 30 and 1846. It gives an account of all the religious houses in England, 
 and is an important authority in all matters connected with them. Dug- 
 dale also published The Baronage of England, in two volumes; The 
 History of St. Paul’s Cathedral, and various other less important works 
 of a heraldic and historical nature. He left between thirty and forty 
 volumes of manuscript collections of charters, records, inscriptions, etc., 
 which are now in the possession of the University of Oxford. In 1660 he 
 was appointed to the congenial office of Norroy King at Arms, and sixteen 
 years later he was made Garter King of Arms and knighted. He diedin 
 1685, at Blythe Hall, and was buried in Shustoke Church. 
 
 a0} 
 
50 COMBE ABBEY. 
 
 Family in stained glass. The approach to Combe Abbey 
 from the Brandon! station is by a long avenue through a 
 thick plantation. The vista afforded by this woodland 
 road is magnificent, the mansion being distinguishable in 
 the far distance. After traversing this avenue the 
 tourist crosses the Coventry road and enters Combe Park. 
 The approach to the house is by a fine drive through the 
 park, which is beautifully wooded, and contains a sheet 
 of water over 90 acres in extent. Combe, as Dugdale 
 informs us, is derived from the old British word cwm, 
 signifying a valley or low position, the site of the abbey 
 being, indeed, by no means a prominent one. The abbey, 
 which was for Cistercian monks, was founded in the reign 
 of King Stephen by Richard de Camyill. After the 
 Dissolution the site and estates were conferred on Jolin, 
 Earl of Warwick, after whose execution they passed to 
 Robert Kelway, with whose daughter they came to Lord 
 Harrington. The daughter and heiress of the latter noble- 
 man sold the estate to Sir William, an ancestor of the 
 Earl of Craven, in whose family it has ever since remained, 
 The first Earl of Craven (created baron 1626, and earl 
 1664) is noted for his romantic devotion to the cause of — 
 Elizabeth, daughter of James I., the unfortunate Queen of 
 Bohemia, who had resided here under the care of Lord 
 Harrington while receiving her education. It was from 
 
 1 The hamlet of BRANDON was a place of some importance in former 
 times, as is evidenced by the remains of a castle still to be seen near the 
 river Avon. The manor belonged at the Conquest to Turchil of Warwick, 
 and descended through a female Clinton to the Verdon family, by one of 
 whom the castle is supposed to have been built. The remains consist of 
 some massive fragments of masonry. 
 
 Woo.tstTon, a pleasant village about a mile distant, was the site of 
 an alien priory, subordinate to the abbey of St. Peter-super-Dinam in 
 France. : 
 
 - 
 pe 
 
COMBE ABBEY. 51 
 
 this place that the gunpowder conspirators endeavoured 
 to carry her off, with the intention of making her queen, 
 as they conceived that she was too young to have imbibed 
 any serious impressions regarding the Protestant religion ; 
 subsequently she was married to Frederick, Elector Pala- 
 tine, who, having accepted the proffered crown of 
 Bohemia from the Protestants, was punished for his rash- 
 ness by the loss of his own dominions.t Lord Craven 
 was one of the most. zealous supporters of the elector, and 
 subsequently, when the ex-queen returned to England, 
 widowed in love and wrecked in all her hopes, he gave 
 her one of his own mansions for her residence. There is 
 a tradition that she rewarded his attachment by giving 
 him her hand. At all events, she bequeathed to him her 
 pictures, which form a large part of the noble collection 
 here ; and also her books and papers, 
 
 1 The history of Elizabeth of Bohemia is interesting. She was married 
 at the early age of sixteen. The attractions of both her person and mind 
 made her an object of idolatry to the cavaliers, who styled her the 
 “Queen of Hearts.” Sir Henry Wotton addressed to her the elegant lines 
 beginning— 
 
 **You meaner beauties of the night, 
 That weakly satisfy our eyes, 
 More ‘by your number than your light, 
 Like common people of the skies, 
 What are you when the moon doth rise?” 
 
 On her,” says Mrs. Jamieson, ‘‘fell a double portion of the miseries of 
 her fated family. She had the beauty and the wit, the gay spirits, the 
 elegant tastes of her grandmother, Mary of Scotland; her very virtues as 
 a wife and woman, not less than her pride and feminine prejudices, ruined 
 herself, her husband, and her people. When her husband hesitated to 
 accept the crown of Bohemia this high-hearted wife exclaimed, ‘Let me 
 rather eat dry bread at a king’s table than feast at the board of an elector:’ 
 and it seemed as if some avenging demon hovered in the air to take her 
 literally at her word; for she and her family lived to eat dry bread—ay, 
 and to beg it before they ate it; but she would be aqueen,” She is buried 
 in Westminster Abbey. 
 
52 COMBE ABBEY. 
 
 The mansion was originally built in the Elizabethan 
 style by Lord Harrington on the ruins of the abbey, 
 retaining three sides of the cloisters, which have been of 
 Norman architecture. The additions made by subse- 
 quent owners, while avoiding marked incongruity, are 
 not entirely consistent. The front towards the lake is - 
 said to be after a design of Inigo Jones. 
 
 On entering Combe Abbey the tourist passes through 
 a hall or corridor which contains many interesting 
 specimens of arms more or less ancient. The great 
 attraction of the mansion, however, consists in its ex- 
 tensive and splendid collection of paintings, the examina- 
 tion of which will fully occupy all the time the visitor 
 has to spare. 
 
 The Great Gallery is wholly hung with portraits, 
 many of them of great historical interest. Among 
 them may be mentioned the King and Queen of 
 Bohemia, and Princes Rupert and Maurice, by Hon- 
 thorst; Charles II. at the age of 14, Gustavus 
 Adolphus, William Earl Craven, and Sir Kenelm 
 Digby, by Vandyke. 
 
 The Breakfast or Elizabethan Room is magnificent in 
 size and decorations, having been fitted up for the 
 reception of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia. Its chief 
 pictures are five large and splendid landscapes of Nor- 
 wegian scenery by Luytens. 
 
 The North Parlour contains whole-length portraits of 
 the King and Queen of Bohemia by Honthorst; and of 
 Charles I., Prince Rupert, Prince Maurice, and James 
 Duke of Richmond, by Vandyke. ‘The tourist will 
 hardly fail to note the resemblance between the Queen 
 of Bohemia and her brother Charles I. 
 
COMBE ABBEY. 53 
 
 The Vandyke Room, so called from the artist whose 
 productions adorn its walls, contains a fine painting of 
 Charles I. and his queen, Henrietta Maria, executed at 
 the desire of the Queen of Bohemia. There is also a 
 good portrait of Vandyke by himself, as well as paint- 
 ings by Rubens, Teniers, Brughel, and Frank Hals. 
 
 In the Yellow Drawing-Room there is a landscape by 
 Rubens, with Christ and St. John. Among other paint- 
 ings will be observed a portrait of the Duchess of Cleve- 
 land by Lely. 
 
 The Gilé Parlour has a whole-length portrait of 
 William, Earl Craven, by Honthorst. He is in armour, 
 with a baton in his hand. In this apartment there are 
 also some choice works by Rembrandt, Vandyke, Zoust, 
 and Mierveld. 
 
 The Beauty Parlour is so named from its containing 
 the portraits of twenty-two of the ladies of the court of 
 Charles II. 
 
 The Cedar Room, among other fine paintings, has a 
 magnificent landscape by Rubens, with Moses and the 
 Brazen Serpent for its subject ; and a sea-piece by Wil- 
 larts, representing the Queen of Bohemia’s passage to 
 Holland, ; 
 
 The apartments thus briefly noticed are those gener- 
 ally shown to tourists. _ Besides paintings, several of 
 them contain busts and other objects of interest. The 
 windows of several of the rooms command fine views of 
 the park. From the Vandyke Room, in particular, it 
 may be seen to great advantage. 
 
54 COVENTRY. 
 
 COVENTRY. 
 
 Hotels: The Queen’s ; The Craven Arms; King’s Head; White Lion; 
 Temperance ; Three Tuns. 
 
 From London, 94 miles ; Birmingham, 18}; Leamington, 9; Stratford- on- 
 Avon, 18; Kenilworth, 5, 
 
 Tse ancient city of Coventry occupies a good position 
 on a rising ground, about 300 ft. above sea-level, 
 whence its “three tall spires” are conspicuous over a 
 wide extent of the surrounding country. The city is 
 very irregularly built, and still contains many of the 
 projecting timber houses of the 15th and 16th centuries: 
 Good examples of these houses are to be found in a nar- 
 row thoroughfare called Pepper and Derby Lane, near the 
 entrance gate of the Holy Trinity Church. 
 
 John Rouse, the Warwick antiquary, who died in 
 1491, says that a nunnery existed here as early as the 
 9th century, and’ was destroyed in 1016 by Canute 
 the Dane, when, in conjunction with the traitor Edric, 
 he invaded Mercia. In 1043 Leofric, fifth Earl of 
 Mercia, and his Countess, Godiva, founded and very 
 richly endowed a Benedictine monastery on the ruins 
 of the nunnery. An idea of the opulence of this house, 
 and of the magnificence of its embellishments, may be 
 formed from a statement of William of Malmesbury, 
 that ‘‘it was enriched and beautified with so much gold 
 and silver that the walls seemed too narrow to contain 
 it; insomuch that Robert de Limesie, bishop of this 
 diocese in the time of King William Rufus, scraped 
 from one beam that supported the shrines 500 marks 
 of silver.’ Leofric died in 1057, and was buried in a 
 
COVENTRY. 55 
 
 porch of the monastery. His lady is also interred in 
 the same place, but the exact date of her death is un- 
 known. The city came into eminence in early times 
 from the number of its religious houses; and from the 
 roll-tax of 1377 it would appear that in point of popu- 
 lation it at that time oceupied a position next to London, 
 York, and Bristol. Ls 
 The name of Lady Godiva is so intimately associated 
 with Coventry that it would be unpardonable to omit 
 an account of her story. We cannot do better than 
 give it in the words of Sir William Dugdale, a devout 
 believer of the romantic tale, and an enthusiastic ad- 
 mirer of the noble lady :—“The Countess Godiva, 
 bearing an extraordinary affection to this place, often 
 and earnestly besought her husband that, for the love 
 of God and the Blessed Virgin, he would free it from 
 that grievous servitude whereunto it was subject ; but 
 he, rebuking her for importuning him in a manner so 
 inconsistent with his profit, commanded that she should 
 thenceforward forbear to move therein; yet she, out of 
 her womanish pertinacity, continued to solicit him, in- 
 somuch that he told her if she would ride on horseback 
 naked from one end of the town to the other, in sight 
 of all the people, he would grant her request. Where- 
 unto she returned, ‘But will you give me leave to do 
 so?’ And he replying ‘ Yes,’ the noble lady, upon an 
 appointed day, got on horseback naked, with her hair 
 loose, so that it covered all her body but the legs; and, 
 thus performing her journey, she returned with joy to 
 her husband, who thereupon granted to the inhabitants 
 a charter of freedom. ... In memory whereof, the 
 picture of him and his said lady was set up in a south 
 
56 COVENTRY. 
 
 window of Trinity Church in this city, about Richard II.’s 
 time, his right hand holding a charter, with these words 
 written thereon :— 
 
 %, Luriche, for Lobe of thee 
 Boe make Cobentre Col-free.” 
 
 It is said that the inhabitants all withdrew from the 
 streets and from their windows, to allow the lady to 
 perform her delicate task with as little pain to her 
 modesty as possible. One man, a tailor, could not re- 
 sist the temptation to look forth, but was struck blind 
 for his presumption. An effigy, of considerable anti- 
 quity, known as Peeping Tom, and said to represent the 
 blind tailor, is to be seen in the upper part of the King’s 
 Head Hotel; but on close examination it is found to be 
 a representation of a man in armour. ‘The effigy has of 
 late years been considerably altered. It is thought. by 
 some that the figure was first carved to represent a 
 warlike chieftain, or even the god Mars himself, 
 
 The procession of Lady Godiva, according to general 
 tradition, is said to have been instituted to commemorate - 
 the service thus rendered to Coventry ;! but it has been 
 
 1 The procession of Lady Godiva took place annually till within the last 
 twenty or thirty years, and was graced by the presence of the civic autho- 
 rities. Morerecently it has not taken place often, but a commemoration of a 
 very elaborate and gorgeous character, though somewhat incongruons in 
 its details, took place August 6, 1883. The procession in its palmy days 
 was of great length and pomp. At the front of it came the city guards in 
 old armour, followed by St. George on horseback and ina full suit of ar- 
 mour. Then camea band of music, with two city streamers, followed by the 
 high constable of the city, preceding the principal feature of the show, 
 Lady Godiva. She was represented by a beautiful female, not nude, but 
 dressed in linen closely fitted to her limbs. After Lady Godiva came the 
 mayor, aldermen, and sheriffs, preceded and followed by various subor- 
 
 dinate officials and attendants. A band of musicians brought up the rear 
 of the civic authorities, Then followed a long array of the ancient com- 
 
COVENTRY. 57 
 
 satisfactorily shown that it originated in the reign of 
 Charles II. Notwithstanding this, the legend of Lady 
 Godiva is not likely either to be forgotten or repudiated, 
 for our Poet-Laureate has “ wedded it to immortal verse.” 
 A few of Lord Tennyson’s beautiful lines cannot fail to be 
 acceptable here :— 
 
 ** She sought her lord, and found him where he strode 
 About the hall, among his dogs alone ; 
 His beard a foot before him, and his hair 
 A yard behind. She told him of their tears, 
 And pray’d him, ‘If they pay this tax, they starve.’ 
 Whereat he stared, replying, half-amazed, 
 ‘You would not let your little finger ache 
 For such as these?’ ‘ But I would die,’ said she. 
 He laughed, and swore by Peter and by Paul: 
 Then fillip’d at the diamond in her ear : 
 *O ay, ay, ay, youtalk!’ ‘Alas!’ she said ; 
 * But prove me what it is I would not do.’ 
 And, from a heart as rough as Esau’s hand, 
 He answered, ‘ Ride you naked thro’ the town, 
 And I repeal it ;’ and nodding, as in scorn, 
 He parted, with great strides, among his dogs. 
 
 ** Then she rode forth, clothed on with chastity ; 
 The deep air listened round her as she rode, 
 And all the low wind hardly breathed for fear. 
 The little wide-mouthed heads upon the spout 
 Had cunning eyes to see: the barking cur 
 
 panies of the city, with their various streamers, and attended by bands of 
 music. Next in order came the benefit societies, greatly contributing to 
 the gorgeousness of the spectacle with their respective insignia and decora- 
 tions. These were followed by the wool-combers’ company, who, besides 
 their streamer, master, and followers, wool-sorters, and combers, intro- 
 duced a little boy and girl, as shepherd and shepherdess, in a rural car, 
 Jason with a golden fleece and drawn sword, and Bishop Blaize, the great 
 friend of the wool-combers, with combs in one hand and a Bible in the 
 other. Another band of musicians closed the procession. 
 
58 COVENTRY. 
 
 Made her cheek flame : her palfrey’s footfall shot 
 
 Light horrors through her pulses: the blind walls 
 
 Were full of chinks and holes ; and overhead 
 
 Fantastic gables, crowding, stared : but she 
 
 Not less thro’ all bore up, till last she saw 
 
 The white-flower’d elder-thicket from the field 
 
 Gleam through the Gothic archways in the wall. 
 ‘Then she rode back, clothed on with chastity : 
 
 And one low churl, compact of thankless earth, 
 
 The fatal byword of all years to come, 
 
 Boring a little auger-hole in fear, 
 
 Peep’d—but his eyes, before they had their will, 
 
 Were shrivell’d into darkness in his head, 
 
 And dropt before him. So the Powers, who wait 
 
 On noble deeds, cancell’d a sense misused ; 
 
 And she, that knew not, passed : and all at once, 
 
 With twelve great shocks of sound, the shameless noon, 
 
 Was clashed and hammer’d from a hundred towers, 
 
 One after one.” 3 
 
 Soon after the Conquest the lordship of Coventry devolved 
 by marriage to the Earls of Chester, under whose patronage the 
 city seems to have prospered. The Earls of Chester were. suc- 
 ceeded by the Montalts and Arundels. On the failing of issue 
 it became the property of the Crown. .Edward III., when he 
 advanced his son, Edward the Black Prince, to the dukedom of 
 Cornwall, annexed this lordship, under the name of the manor 
 of Cheylesmore, to the dukedom for ever. In 1344 the town 
 received a charter of incorporation from Edward III. The great 
 yearly fair is, however, of a much earlier date, having been | 
 granted by Henry III. in 1218. At Gosford Green, near Co- 
 ventry, took place in 1397 the famous hostile meeting between 
 Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford (afterwards Henry IV.), 
 and Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, which has been im- 
 mortalised by Shakespeare (King Richard II, act i. scene 8). 
 
 tichard II. and a great array of his nobles were present on the- 
 occasion. When the champions were about to engage the king 
 suddenly interfered, and banished them both from England— 
 Norfolk for life, and Hereford for a term of years. In 1404 
 
COVENTRY. 59 
 
 Henry IV. held a parliament in the great chamber of the priory. 
 From the circumstance of the writs forbidding the return of 
 lawyers, or persons skilled in the law, this parliament acquired 
 the name of Parliamentwm indoctorum. In 1411 John Horneby, 
 the mayor, arrested the Prince (afterwards Henry V.) at the 
 priory. In 1442 the first Coventry cross was erected in Cross 
 Cheaping, and in the same year ‘‘a dooke stool and pond were 
 made upon Cheylesmore Green to punish scolds and children as 
 ye laws wylls.” Coventry received many marks of the favour 
 of Henry VI. and his queen, who both frequently visited it. 
 It was by this monarch that the city and certain hamlets and 
 villages round it were, in 1451, formed into an entire and sepa: 
 rate county. The charter enacted that ‘‘ the bailiffs of the city 
 shall be sheriffs of the county, and the same coroner preside 
 over both.” This charter was confirmed by Edward IV. A 
 second parliament was held at the priory in 1459. From the 
 multitude of attainders passed by it against Richard, Duke of 
 York, and others, this parliament has been styled Parliamentum 
 diabolicum. Its acts were afterwards reversed. For the sup- 
 port which it had rendered to Henry VI., in the struggle which 
 ended in the dethronement and death of that unhappy monarch, 
 Coventry had to pay a fine of 500 marks to Edward IV. On 
 the overthrow of Richard III. at Bosworth Field in 1485, Henry 
 VII. was received with every demonstration of joy by the in- 
 habitants of Coventry, who presented him with a cup and £100, 
 in return for which compliment he knighted the mayor. In 
 1492 Henry VII. and his queen came to see the plays performed 
 by the Grey Friars. In 1497 Prince Arthur visited the town, 
 and was presented with a cup and £100. In 1525 the Princess 
 Mary came to witness the Mercers’ pageant and remained two 
 days at the priory. Queen Elizabeth visited this city in 1565, 
 when she was splendidly entertained by the mayor and citizens, 
 In the year following, and again in 1569, the unfortunate Mary 
 Queen of Scots was kept a prisoner here for some time. In 
 1616 James I. visited Coventry, and was entertained with 
 great pomp. On this occasion he was presented with a gold 
 cup of the value of £160. In the war between Charles I. and 
 the Parliamentary party, Coventry sided with the latter; for 
 
60 COVENTRY, 
 
 which, on the restoration of Charles II., its wall and gates were 
 dismantled. In 1682 the Duke of Monmouth came to the 
 city, and lodged in the Star Inn in Earl Street. King James 
 II. visited it in 1687, and was presented with a gold cup. In 
 1688. the Princess Anne of Denmark came to it for security. 
 King William III. passed through it in 1690 on his way to 
 Ireland, and dined at Packington Hall. 
 
 Coventry has been the birthplace of a number of eminent 
 men. Vincent of Coventry, a distinguished Franciscan, and 
 author of various theological works, flourished in the early part 
 of the 13th century. He was educated at Cambridge, of which 
 university he afterwards became a professor. William Makles- 
 field was general of the order of the Dominicans, and a cele- 
 brated scholar. John Bird, the head and last provincial of the 
 Carmelites, gained the favour of Henry VIII. by his opposition 
 to the Pope, and was appointed to the bishoprics of Bangor 
 and Chester. Humphrey Wanley, librarian to the Earl of Ox- 
 ford, was born in 1671. He rendered great service to the cause 
 of letters by his investigations regarding Anglo-Saxon and other 
 manuscripts. The work by which he is best known is entitled 
 The Wonders of the Little World. He died in 1726. Samuel 
 Carte, divine and antiquary, was born in 1652, and died in 
 1740. His son Thomas was a man of kindred and greater 
 genius ; and besides his eminence as a divine and historian, 
 made some figure in the political troubles of his time. He was 
 born in 1686, and died in 1754, 
 
 The area of the municipal borough of Coventry is 1430 acres, 
 and of the parliamentary borough 6448 acres. The population 
 of the municipal borough in 1881 was 42,111, and of the parlia- 
 mentary borough 46,563. The city isrepresented in Parliament 
 by two members. 
 
 1 The walls were 3 miles in circumference, 9 ft. thick, and had 32 towers 
 and gates. They were begun about 1356, and took many years to be com- 
 pleted. They were kept in good repair during a period of nearly 300 years, 
 and were strong enough to admit of the citizens more than once safely 
 bidding defiance to the royal authority. The only gates now remaining 
 are those at the top of Cork Street, and one near the Baths. The remains 
 of the walls may be seen at the end of Little Park Street leading from there 
 to the end of Much Park Street. 
 
COVENTRY. 61 
 
 Coventry has for a long time been noted for its ribbons, silk, 
 and watches. The textile art can be traced to a very remote 
 period, a weaver having filled the office of mayor in 1525; but 
 the ribbon trade was not introduced till a century and a half 
 ago, mainly through the immigration of French refugees, who 
 had been compelled to leave their country in great numbers in 
 consequence of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The 
 introduction of steam-looms gave great impetus to the manufac- 
 ture. The manufacture of watches was introduced in 1770, and 
 still employs a large number of persons. Within recent years 
 there has been a great increase in the number of industries car- 
 ried on, among which the principal are cotton, worsted, elastic 
 web, and carpet manufactures, the production of ornamental 
 iron-work, and especially the making of sewing-machines, 
 bicycles and tricycles, for which the town now enjoys a wide 
 celebrity, some of the largest factories of the kind in the king- 
 dom having lately been erected, and affording employment to 
 many hundred persons. There are also brickworks, iron found- 
 ries, and maltings. 
 
 Coventry has a considerable amount of traffic both by canal 
 and railway. Besides the great fair, which now commences on 
 Whit-Monday, and continues five days, there are two annual 
 cattle fairs and two cheese fairs, as well as a monthly cattle fair. 
 
 There are numerous charities, amounting annually to about 
 £4000, instituted for the benefit of the poor. There were for- 
 merly 2300 acres of land, called ‘‘ Lammas” and ‘‘ Michaelmas” 
 lands, upon which freemen of Coventry had the right to feed 
 three head of cattle each, but all have been enclosed and partly 
 let out as gardens, the rent obtained being applied to the sup- 
 port of old and indigent freemen of the city. 
 
 A RECREATION GROUND of 12 acres, belonging to the Coventry 
 Cricket Club, and used for cricket and football matches and 
 foot and bicycle races, was opened in 1880. 
 
 CHURCHES AND CHAPELS. 
 
 The ancient monastic establishments may be briefly 
 noticed first. 
 
62 COVENTRY. 
 
 The BENepIcTINE Priory, founded in 1043 by Earl 
 Leofric, and honoured by the residence of kings and the 
 meetings of parliament, with its cathedral church, met the 
 fate of all similar institutions at the Dissolution in the 
 reign of Henry VIII. The cathedral stood on a gentle 
 declivity to the north of St. Michael’s and Trinity church- 
 yards, and the site was consecrated anew in 1776 asa 
 burial-place for Trinity parish. The public-house in the 
 Butcher’s Row called the Dog stands on the site of a stately 
 gateway which led to the cathedral. Fragments indicat- 
 ing the door of the monks’ residence may still be seen near 
 Hill Top, and other remains near ‘‘ New Buildings,” 
 
 The Waitt Friars’ Monastery was founded about 
 1342. Fourteen years after the Dissolution it became the 
 property of John Hales. After several transmissions it was, 
 in 1801, sold to the directors of the poor in this city, who 
 turned it into a house of industry, for which purpose it is 
 still used. Though it has necessarily undergone consider- 
 able alterations, there are still many portions of the original 
 edifice in good preservation—the chief of these being the 
 cloisters (used now as dining-room for the paupers), the 
 dormitory, the remains of the chapter-house, and the old 
 gateway, which forms the entrance to White Friars’ Lane. 
 
 Grey Friars’ MonAsTERY AND CHURCH were upon the 
 site now occupied by Christ Church. The Grey Friars 
 settled here about 1358. The handsome spire of their 
 church escaped destruction at the Dissolution, and forms 
 the steeple of Christ Church, which was opened in 1832, 
 
 The CartHustaANn Monastery, or Charter- House, was 
 founded in 1381. The site isapproached by a fine avenue 
 of trees from the London Road, 
 
 Sr, Micuar.’s Cuurcu is said to be the largest, and is 
 
COVENTRY. 63 
 
 certainly one of the noblest parish churches in England. 
 Its history is interesting. The erection of the steeple, 
 which is the most ancient part, occupied twenty-two years, 
 being begun in 1373 and finished in 1395. It is said 
 that the tower was erected by Adam and William Botoner, 
 who were both several times mayors of Coventry, and that 
 the spire was added to it by their sisters, Ann and Mary, 
 who also built the middle aisle of the church. In refer- 
 ence to this there is a tradition, or rather an apocryphal 
 story, of a brass plate having been found in the chancel 
 bearing the following inscription :— 
 “William and Adam built the Tower, 
 Ann and Mary built the Spire ; 
 . William and Adam built the Church, 
 Ann and Mary built the Quire.” 
 
 On the erection of the spire Adam and William Botoner 
 expended £100 annually for twenty-two years. New 
 Street, adjoining the church, was built for the accommoda- 
 tion of the workmen employed upon its construction. 
 The bells of the church were first hung in 1429. The 
 length of the interior of the building is 293 ft., and the 
 breadth 127 ft, Henry VI., when he visited the town 
 in 1450, heard mass in St. Michael’s and presented to the 
 church*a golden cloth. 
 
 The church consists of nave with aisles, chancel with 
 aisles, transepts, and tower, surmounted by a magnificent 
 spire rising to a height of 303 ft. The tower is 136 ft. 
 3 in, from the base to the battlements, Its windows 
 are, in size and style, admirably in keeping with its 
 proportions. The buttresses are finely ornamented with 
 carvings, and the niches of the upper part are adorned 
 with thirty well-executed statues of Roman saints. Above 
 
64 COVENTRY. 
 
 this tower rises an octagonal prism to a height of 32 
 ft. 6 in. From this octagonal prism tapers the spire, 
 which is 130 ft. 9 in. high, The walls of the spire 
 are said to be 17 in. thick at the bottom, and so finely 
 tapered as to decline but 44 degrees from the perpendi- 
 cular. It is much to be lamented that the stone of which 
 this noble spire and church, and the neighbouring church 
 of the Holy Trinity, are constructed, is of a soft, friable 
 description, very liable to crumble under the action of the 
 weather. Owing to this cireumstance, much of the ex- 
 quisite and delicate carving with which these buildings are _ 
 adorned appears doomed to certain decay; indeed, many 
 of the ornamental details are already partially or wholly 
 lost. The architecture of the body of the church, though 
 somewhat less ancient than the steeple, “is of the best 
 character of Gothic; light, though august, and impressive 
 from a felicitous arrangement of parts.” It underwent 
 renovation in 1849. 
 
 The effect of the interior is very imposing. The aisles 
 and transepts are divided from the body of the church by 
 lofty arches rising from clustered columns. The ceiling 
 is of oak, finely ribbed and carved. The east windows of 
 the chancel and its aisles are filled with representations of 
 incidents in the life of our Saviour. The window next 
 the east one of either aisle of the ‘chancel is filled with 
 fragments of old stained glass, which, being rich and varied, 
 produce a fine effect. The second window from the east 
 in the north chancel aisle is ‘‘ In memory of the great and 
 good Albert Emanuel, Prince Consort, who entered into 
 immortality Dec. 1861.” Among other recent memorial 
 windows may be mentioned those to William Wilmot, 
 mayor of Coventry, a benefactor of the freemen, who died 
 
COVENTRY. 65 
 
 in 1860; and Charles Dresser, churchwarden, who was 
 the means of establishing a third service in the church, 
 and who died in 1861. 
 
 The church contains a number of monuments, none of 
 which, however, are of particular importance. For the 
 benefit of the tourist who is interested in such matters, we 
 copy a curious inscription from a brass plate, originally in 
 a slab in the floor at the western end of the church, but 
 now affixed to the south wall of the south transept :— 
 
 Here-lyes the body of Capt", GERVASE SCROPE, of the Family 
 of Scropes of Bolton, in the County of York, Who 
 departed this life the 26th day of Augt. Anno Dni. 1705, 
 Aged 60. 
 
 AN EPITAPH, written by Himself in the Agony and 
 Dolorous Paines of the Gout, and died soon after. 
 
 Here lyes an Old Toss’d TENNIS BALL, 
 Was Racketted from Spring to Fall, 
 With so much heat and so much hast, 
 Time’s arm for shame grew tyr’d at last. 
 Four Kings in CAmps he truly seru’d. 
 
 - And from his loyalty ne’er sweru’d. 
 FATHER ruin’d, the SON slighted, 
 And from the CROWN ne’r requited, 
 Loss of ESTATE, RELATIONS, BLOOD, 
 Was too well Known, but did no good. 
 With long CAMPAIGNS and paines o’th GOUT, 
 He cou’d no longer hold it out. 
 Always a restless life he led, 
 Never at quiet till quite dead. 
 He marry’d, in his latter dayes, 
 ONE who exceeds the common praise ; 
 But wanting breath still to make Known 
 Her true AFFECTION and his Own, 
 Death Kindly came, all wants supply’d 
 By giving Rest which life deny’d, 
 
 F 
 
66 COVENTRY. 
 
 This church possesses one of the best organs in the 
 kingdom ; and its peal of bells, ten in number, is among 
 the finest in England. They originally consisted of a peal 
 of eight. Some of those erected in 1675 bore curious 
 inscriptions. That on No. 1 ran thus: “O sing unto the 
 Lord a New Song ;” that on No. 4: “1 ring at six to let 
 men know, When to and from their work to go ;” and that 
 on No. 7: ‘I ring to sermon with a lusty bome, That all 
 may come and none may stay at home.” The present 
 peal of ten bells (manufactured from the material of the 
 original eight) was contracted for in 1774. 
 
 Trinity CHurcH suffers somewhat in effect from its 
 too close proximity to St. Michael’s. With not a few 
 faults in style, owing to the injudicious manner in which 
 alterations and repairs have been made at different periods, 
 it is nevertheless a beautiful and interesting structure. 
 Of its history comparatively little is known. Dugdale 
 says that the first mention of it is its appropriation to the 
 priory in the 44th of Henry IlI].—that is, in 1260. 
 There have been alterations of greater or less importance 
 at various periods; and the ecclesiologist will have no 
 difficulty in distinguishing these from the more ancient 
 parts of the building. This church is well endowed ; its 
 various estates yielding a revenue of about £1000 a year. 
 
 The building is cruciform, and consists of nave and 
 aisles, with two small chapels on the north side, transepts, 
 chancel with side aisles, and tower surmounted by a spire 
 rising from the intersection to an entire height of 237 ft. 
 The original spire was blown down in 1664, and caused 
 extensive injury to the body of the church. The new 
 spire was erected, and the roof of the church restored, in 
 the course of three years, The ancient stone pulpit is 
 
COVENTRY. 67 
 
 probably unsurpassed in the kingdom. The font will also 
 attract the admiration of the antiquarian, An extra- 
 ordinary fresco painting, representing the Last Judgment, 
 was discovered in 1831 in the space above the western 
 arch under the tower. The communion table is an excel- 
 lent specimen of antique carved oak-work. The east 
 window is in memory of Richard Saurey Cox, Esq., who 
 died in 1856. This gentleman left £12,150 for charitable 
 purposes, about the half of the sum being for Coventry. 
 
 Among the monuments of Trinity Church there is one 
 to Dr. Philemon Holland, the first translator of Camden’s 
 Britannia. The tablet is affixed to the south wall of 
 the choir, and bears a quaint Latin inscription written by 
 himself. It runs as follows :— 
 
 Epitaphium 
 Doctoris Hollandi a seipso confectum, qui obiit 9 die Februarii 
 1636, et 85 eetatis suze. 
 
 Nemo habet hic, necnon? hospes salveto Philemon 
 Holland hac recubat, rite repostus humo. ~ 
 
 Si queeras ratio queenam sit nominis, hzec est— 
 Totus-terra fui, terraq.—totus ero ; 
 
 At redivivus morte tua servabor, Jesu, 
 
 Una Fides votis hc est, via sola salutis. 
 
 Hac spe fretus ego, culp4, pcenaque solutus, 
 Jamque renatus, et inde novo conspectus amictu, 
 Czetu in sanctorum post redemitus ero. 
 Claudicat incessu senior mea Musa, Videsne ? 
 Claudatur capulo mecum simul ipsa: valeto. 
 
 Holland was an indefatigable translator. In reference 
 to his diligence in translation a contemporary wrote the 
 epigram— 
 
 ** Holland with his translations doth so fill us, 
 He will not let Suetonius be Tranquillus.” 
 
68 COVENTRY. 
 
 St. Jonn’s or BaBLake CuurcH is a chaste and inter- 
 esting structure of the time of Edward III. It was 
 built ona “ Babblelake” of land granted by Isabel, the 
 queen-mother of Edward III., and was dedicated in 1350. 
 On the union of St. John’s Guild with that of the Holy 
 Trinity it became the property of the united Guilds, and 
 so continued till their suppression. After experiencing 
 much neglect it was at length, in 1734, by Act of Parlia- 
 ment, made the rectorial church of the parish of St. John. 
 The church has undergone considerable alterations, and 
 has lately been restored. It is cruciform, with a massive 
 battlemented tower, turreted at the angles, rising in the 
 centre. The interior consists of nave and aisles, chancel 
 and aisles, and transepts. The magnificent west window 
 is pronounced a splendid effort of genius. The church 
 contains several square-headed windows much admired by 
 antiquarians. A handsome font, said to be copied from 
 that of St. Edward’s Church at Cambridge, stands near the 
 west window. 
 
 Curist CuurcH is a tasteful modern structure, in the 
 early Decorated style, on the site of the Grey Friars’ 
 Monastery, the spire of which is incorporated with it. 
 This is the third of ‘‘the three tall spires” of Coventry. 
 
 Of the other churches none call for special notice. The 
 same may be said of the Dissenting chapels, with the ex- 
 ception of the Roman CatHotic CuHurcH, at the top of 
 Hill Street. It is in the Decorated style, and the interior 
 is richly ornamented. The services are conducted by 
 members of the order of St. Benedict ; and a religious 
 house or “presbytery,” for their accommodation, adjoins 
 the church. The lady chapel is specially worthy of 
 attention. 
 
7 
 
 COVENTRY. . 69 
 
 PuBsuic BUILDINGS. 
 
 Its churches are by no means the only relics of ‘‘ olden 
 times” in Coventry. There is much in the style and 
 architecture of many of the streets to delight the anti- 
 quarian. Many of the houses, with their projecting and 
 timbered fronts, wear much the same aspect as in the 
 time when Coventry was the “ chamber of princes ;”’ when 
 Richard the Second and his gallant array visited it just 
 before his fall; when Margaret of Anjou and her “holy 
 Henry” slept in the priory, and went in royal state to 
 St. Michael’s ; and when later kings and queens loved to 
 resort to Coventry to find relaxation in its plays and 
 pageants. Notwithstanding that Coventry now depends 
 for its prosperity on its manufactures, it has still an “ old- 
 world” aspect, and, with the exception of the university 
 cities of Oxford and Cambridge, there is perhaps no town 
 in England of a similar size which is of greater architec- 
 tural and antiquarian interest.! 
 
 St. Mary’s Hatt is one of the most magnificent 
 specimens of ancient domestic architecture in the king- 
 dom. It is situated near St. Michael’s Church, and is 
 
 1 The citizens of ninety years ago exhibited less regard than now 
 for the ancient architecture of their city, else CoveENrRY Cross would 
 have remained to this day. The structure was so celebrated for its 
 magnificence that a brief notice of it will doubtless be acceptable to the 
 tourist. It stood in ‘‘ Cross Cheaping,” to which it gave its name. It 
 was erected in 1544 by Sir William Hollies, Lord Mayor of London, and 
 son to Thomas Hollies of Stoke, near Coventry, and was 57 ft. high, hexa- 
 gonal in shape, and divided into three stories. Its pillars, pinnacles, and 
 arches were exquisitely finished, and its numerous niches were adorned 
 with statues of English kings and saints. In 1669 it was repaired 
 and decorated with gilding and painting. After this it rapidly fell into 
 decay. In 1717 it was wholly removed, but one of the statues from the 
 niches, supposed to be that of Henry VI., now stands at the foot of the 
 staircase leading into St. Mary’s Hall. 
 
70 COVENTRY. 
 
 in an admirable state of preservation. This hall was 
 built in the 14th or 15th century for the use of the 
 Guild, some say of St. Catherine, others of the Holy 
 Trinity. On the dissolution of the Guild it was bought 
 by the mayor and corporation, and has been ever since 
 used for purposes of civic festivity. 
 
 The chief feature of the exterior is a noble window, 
 the masonry of which is by John Thornton, a native of 
 the city, who also left the east window of York Minster 
 as a monument of his skill. On the arch of the entrance 
 to the courtyard are some basso-relievos of sacred sub- 
 jects. From the courtyard a flight of stairs and an open 
 gallery lead directly to the Great Hall. By a door under 
 the gallery we enter the kitchen. It is a large apart- 
 ment, and the immense fireplaces, as well as the size of 
 the coppers, indicate the liberal scale on which festivi- 
 ties were planned in the olden time. 
 
 The Great Hall is 76 ft. 6 in. long, 30 ft. broad, 
 and 34 ft. high, It is impossible, within the space 
 which can be devoted to it, minutely to describe every 
 feature of interest in this noble old hall. The roof is 
 adorned with carvings of angels playing on various musi- 
 cal instruments, It is entirely unsupported by pillars, 
 The great window at the north end of the hall is divided 
 into nine compartments, and filled with old stained glass 
 bearing figures of several of our monarchs, coats of arms, — 
 and other ornaments, Under this window, and extend- 
 ing the whole breadth of the hall, and 10 ft. in depth, 
 is a splendid piece of ancient tapestry. This admirable 
 and elaborate work is divided into two tiers, one above 
 the other, each consisting of three compartments. The 
 first compartment, beginning at the left hand, contains the 
 
COVENTRY. a 
 
 figures of Henry VI. and some of his principal courtiers. 
 Henry is on his knees before a table, on which are placed 
 his crown and a missal, Behind him is Cardinal Beau- 
 fort in the same attitude of devotion. The other per- 
 sonages are standing ; among them may be observed the 
 famous Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. In the com- 
 partment above are several of the apostles, with their ap- 
 propriate emblems, and two Christian knights, In the 
 second compartment of the lower tier is St. Mary in glory, 
 surrounded by angels, and having the moon under her feet. 
 On each side of her are the twelve apostles in devotional 
 attitudes. The compartment above this represents the 
 opened heavens, and the angels round the eternal throne. 
 The central figure of this bold design has been cut out, 
 probably by some of the early Reformers, and a figure of 
 Justice sewed in its place. The third compartment of 
 the lower tier contains the noble figure of Margaret of’ 
 Anjou, Henry’s consort, with some of the chief ladies of 
 her court. She is kneeling, like the king, with her 
 missal ona table before her. In the compartment above 
 are anumber of female saints and martyrs. The divi- 
 sions between the different compartments of this exquisite 
 piece of tapestry, and the border round the whole, are 
 tasteful and appropriate. | 
 The east and west sides of the Great Hall have each 
 three windows of stained glass of modern workmanship ; 
 painted, however, with subjects of a most appropriate 
 description. There is in this hall an ancient chair of 
 state, a fine piece of oak-carving, which will be regarded 
 with additional interest when it is remembered that more 
 than one English sovereign sat in state upon it in the 
 good old times when Coventry was the ‘‘ chamber of 
 
72 COVENTRY. 
 
 princes.” In 1580 the interior of the Great Hall was 
 beautified by a. variety of heraldic emblems and inscrip- 
 tions. The decorations were renewed some time ago, but 
 were painted on a coating of Roman cement, with the 
 consequence that nearly all have already disappeared. At 
 the south end is the Minstrel’s Gallery, at the front of 
 which is the ancient armour of the city used in the pro- 
 cession of Lady Godiva. The hall is adorned with paint- 
 ings of royal personages, including Charles IL., James IL., 
 William and Mary, George I., George II. and Caroline, 
 George III., and George IV. Over the Minstrel Gallery 
 is a painting by Luca Giordano representing the meeting 
 of Bacchus and Ariadne. On the east side of the Great 
 Hall is the Mayoress’s Parlour. 
 
 The Mayoress’s Parlour has been considerably modern- 
 ised, and in 1835 underwent extensive repairs. Its walls 
 -are adorned with a whole-length portrait of Queen Anne, 
 half-lengths of Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, Charles I., 
 James I., Sir Thomas White, founder of the “ Four 
 Pounds Charity” (210 of which are distributed annually to 
 inhabitant householders not being paupers) and the ‘ City 
 Fifties ;” anda fine painting of Lady Godiva on horseback. 
 
 Contiguous with St. Mary’s Hall are the Mount 
 CIPAL BUILDINGS, occupying the site of the old Half- 
 Moon public-house. The building consists of two wings 
 and a centre. The centre part contains a justice-room 
 for magisterial business. Near it are the depot of the 
 volunteer brigade and the police office. 
 
 Forp’s Hospirat, in Grey Friars’ Lane, was founded 
 in 1529 by William Ford, a merchant of the city ; and 
 its endowment was subsequently increased by other bene- 
 volent persons, It is timber-framed, and is extremely 
 
COVENTRY. ve 
 
 rich and elaborate in its decorations ; indeed it may be 
 doubted whether a finer building of this style is to be found 
 in the kingdom. Its annual revenues amount to upwards 
 of £500. It was originally intended for the reception of 
 aged married couples, but is now restricted to females, of 
 whom there are about twenty, each receiving 3s. 6d. a 
 week and coals for use. About twenty-five women are 
 out-door recipients of the same amount of money and a 
 ton of coals annually. Parties receiving parochial relief 
 are not admitted into this hospital. 
 
 BaBLAKE HOspiraL is immediately behind St, John’s 
 Church, and with the school-houses forms three sides of 
 a square, the church making the fourth. It was founded 
 in 1506 by Thomas Bond, a draper, and mayor of Cov- 
 entry, and was originally designed for ten poor men; but 
 ‘subsequent donors having greatly augmented its funds, 
 it now receives upwards of forty, resident and non-resident, 
 each of whom has 6s. a week. This building, which had 
 been allowed to fall into decay, was a number of years 
 ago renovated and enlarged with much taste. The School 
 adjoining was founded in 1560 by Thomas Wheatley, 
 mayor of Coventry. It is devoted to the education of 
 about seventy boys for a period of two years each. The 
 boys are partially provided for the first year, and wholly 
 the second ; and, on leaving, are apprenticed for seven 
 years to such trades as their parents or friends may choose 
 for them, The revenues are upwards of £900 a year. 
 
 St, Jonn’s Hospitatand Free Scuoont, The hospital, 
 founded about 1155 by Lawrence, a prior of Coventry, 
 for the sick and poor, was granted at the Dissolution to 
 John Hales, who devoted its lands and possessions, along 
 with other estates, to the foundation of a free school, 
 
74 COVENTRY. 
 
 John Hales diedin 1573. The chief feature of the build- 
 ing is its beautiful east window. The Free School is in- 
 tended for the sons of freemen of Coventry. Its yearly 
 revenue is about £1000. A separate building for the 
 school is being erected on the Warwick Road, near the 
 railway station. 
 
 Other buildings deserving of notice are—Drapers’ Hail, 
 a neat building in the Grecian style, on the south side of 
 St. Michael’s Church, erected in 1832 ; the Cownty Hall, 
 built in 1785, a large and commodious building, with 
 Doric columns in front; the Barracks, in Smithford 
 Street, opposite the Post Office, interesting as occupying» 
 the site of the famous “ Bull Inn,” where Henry VII. was 
 entertained, and where subsequently the unfortunate Mary 
 Queen of Scots was imprisoned for some time; the Corn 
 Exchange, opened in 1859, and used also for concerts and 
 public meetings; the Market Hall; the Free Public Library, 
 a large building of red brick adjoining the County Hall, 
 erected at a cost of £6000, and containing 20,000 
 volumes; the School of Art; the Mechanics’ Institution; 
 and the Public Baths. 
 
 VICINITY OF COVENTRY, 
 
 ALLESLEY, 2 miles north-west from Coventry on the Bir- 
 mingham Road, is a small village connected with the old 
 manor of Allesley, possessed in the reign of Edward III, 
 by the family of Hastings. Of the old castle there are 
 no remains, and the modern residence is used as a college 
 under the name of “ Allesley Hall.” The church is finely 
 situated on a rocky eminence embosomed in trees, Speci- 
 mens of silicious or fossil wood are frequently found in 
 the alluvial gravel of the parish. 
 
VICINITY OF COVENTRY. 75 
 
 BAGInton, about 2 miles south from Coventry, formerly 
 belonged to the Bagot family, and at it there was a castle 
 from which the Duke of Hereford, in the 21st of Richard 
 II., proceeded to Gosford Green near Coventry, for his 
 intended combat with the Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 BrepwortH, a town 5 miles north-east of Coventry, has 
 extensive coal and ironstone works. The church of All 
 Saints is a modern Gothic structure with an embattled 
 tower, There are several almshouses, and a school capable 
 of accommodating 800 children, 
 
 BERKESWELL, 5 miles west of Coventry, possesses a church 
 dedicated to St. John, with a fine Norman arch and a crypt 
 and anti-crypt. 
 
 FOoLESHILL, anciently Foleshull, a populous district 2 
 miles north-east of Coventry, was originally held by the 
 Countess Godiva. The church, a plain building with a 
 tower and three bells, contains a very ancient font. Near 
 the church is a free school founded in 1766, The district 
 is rapidly increasing, owing to the prosperity of the silk 
 and ribbon industry and the neighbouring coal mines, 
 
 STYVECHALL is a small village about 1 mile south of 
 Coventry. In the time of King Stephen it belonged to 
 Ranulph, Earl of Chester, and after various transmissions 
 it came to Walter de Langley. The old church, which 
 had a fine Saxon door, has been taken down, but the old 
 Norman font remains. The church now standing was 
 built by one James Green, a stone-mason, with no one to 
 help him but a labourer. He cut the stone in winter, 
 and built in summer, 
 
 Wuirtery Apsey, about 14 miles south of Coventry, was 
 the headquarters of Charles I. when he unsuccessfully sum- 
 moned Coventry to surrender. The ‘‘ Abbey,” which is 
 
76 HENLEY-IN-ARDEN. 
 
 a manor-house, has been restored after partial destruction 
 by fire. 
 
 Within an easy distance of Coventry there are also 
 several places of special interest, which are mentioned 
 under independent headings. Five miles to the south-west 
 is KENILWORTH ; 2 miles east from which is STONELEIGH 
 ApBrEy. Five miles farther south, on the line of railway, 
 is the fashionable watering-place of LzEamineton, whence 
 the ancient city of WARWICK is 2 miles distant by rail or 
 road. Eastward is Ruasy, distant 11 miles, ComBE 
 ABBEY is distant only 4 miles by road. Northward is 
 NvuNEATON, 10 miles distant, with various places of 
 interest in its vicinity ; and a little farther away is the 
 Roman Manduessedum. On the line westward to Birming- 
 ham there are various points whence the tourist can 
 diverge to places of interest. From Hampton Junction, 
 or from Berkswell Station, TempLe Batsatt, KNOW LE, 
 and SoLIHULL may be included in a walk of about 
 7 miles, | 
 
 GUY’S CLIFF. 
 
 In the VICINITY OF WARWICK. 
 
 HENLEY-IN-ARDEN 
 AND ITS VICINITY. 
 
 Inns: The Swan and The Bear. 
 
 HENLEY-IN-ARDEN, 10 miles west of Warwick, is a quaint, 
 straggling old place, but the construction of a railway line 
 will, doubtless, have the effect, sooner or later, of altering 
 its quiet old-world aspect. That it is a town of much 
 antiquity is evident from its name, which is compounded 
 
a ee ee ar 
 / ae » i 
 / Kao 
 
 ae | 
 
 HENLEY-IN-ARDEN. 
 
 of the British words, Hen, old, and Ley, a place, “ Arden” 
 was the name of the great forest which, in ancient times, 
 covered this part of the country. The first mention of 
 the town is in records of the time of Henry II. After 
 the battle of Evesham it was destroyed by fire, probably 
 on account of the devotion of the inhabitants to the De 
 Montforts. The town seems to have soon recovered from 
 this calamity, for in the 24th of Edward I. it is men- 
 tioned as containing sixty-nine burgesses and two mills. 
 
 The Church, originally erected in the reign of Edward 
 IIL, is a plain and neat building with a battlemented 
 tower, containing no monuments of any consequence. 
 Several of the windows have recently been filled with 
 stained glass. 
 
 The Market Cross, one of the few that have escaped 
 the ravages of religious zeal of the times of the Reforma- 
 tion, stands in the main street. It is very much worn 
 by the combined influences of the weather and rough 
 usage, but seems now to be carefully preserved. The 
 base, shaft, and capital consist of three separate stones, 
 the shaft being morticed into the other two. The capital 
 contains four niches with sculptured reliefs. Three of 
 these pieces of sculpture represent the Rood, the Trinity, 
 and St. Peter; the fourth is too much mutilated to be 
 known. 
 
 The district iné@which Henley-in-Arden lies contains 
 various places interesting from either an antiquarian or a 
 literary point of view. Walking from Bearley station, 
 the tourist will, about a mile thence, pass on his right 
 Edston Grange, and, a mile and a half farther on, the 
 village of Wootton Wawen. In the immediate neigh- 
 bourhood of Henley-in-Arden he will find the hamlet of 
 
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 WwW 
 
 . 
 t INSTITU 
 
 me, 
 
 TI 
 
 e. 
 
 te 
 s 
 ») 
 
 ON 
 
 ~ RAK A NY" i} 
 ae, « ASGOW SY 
 a 
 
78 VICINITY OF HENLEY-IN-ARDEN. 
 
 Beaudesert ; and should he proceed to regain the railway 
 at Kingswood, he may see the church of Lapworth. 
 
 BEAUDESERT is only a few hundred yards from Henley- 
 in-Arden. The strong castle erected by Thurstan de 
 Montfort shortly after the Conquest was completely 
 destroyed in the wars of the Roses. 
 
 The Church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, was built in 
 the 12th century. It consists of nave, chancel, and 
 embattled tower at the west end. The edifice is not 
 without its incongruities, different parts displaying dif- 
 ferent styles, and the roof of the chancel being higher 
 than that of the nave; yet the remains of genuine 
 Norman work in some parts, and the careful reproduc- 
 tion of it in others, cannot fail to please the enthusiast in 
 church architecture. The original Norman work:is in 
 the east window and two windows in the north wall of 
 the chancel, The east window has some zigzag ornament- 
 ation inside. The ‘‘restored” Norman work consists of 
 an elaborate doorway on the south side of the nave, 
 constructed of a series of four receding arches, with zig- 
 zag ornamentation, the three inner ones rising from 
 circular columns ; and a lofty arch, in the same style, 
 between the nave and chancel. These restorations were 
 undertaken with a careful regard to the former features of 
 the structure, the intention being to follow the details 
 indicated by present remains and fragments of the old 
 doorway discovered in the course of excavations. All 
 such fragments have been reverently preserved and fitted 
 into appropriate places in the restored arches. There is 
 a piscina in the south wall of the chancel. 
 
 Near Beaudesert was born, in 1715, Richard Jago, the 
 author of Hdge Hill, and other poems. From Beau- 
 
VICINITY OF HENLEY-IN-ARDEN. 79 
 
 desert Mount there is an extensive prospect over a fine 
 undulating country to Edge Hill a distance of 20 miles, 
 and in another direction to the Malvern Hills. 
 
 IpstEY, 6 miles west from Henley-in-Arden, is a con- 
 siderable village. Before the Conquest the manor was pos- 
 sessed by Earl Algar, and after changing possessors several 
 times it was owned by Walter Savage Landor. There 
 are monuments in the church to the Huband family, who 
 held the manor from the time of Stephen till 1672. 
 Near the Icknield Road is the remaining part of an old 
 Roman camp. The parish church belongs to the 14th and 
 15th centuries, and was restored in 1867. 
 
 LaPpwortH.—This hamlet, 4 miles north of Henley-in- 
 Arden, possesses a Church, built in 1350 in the Decorated 
 and Perpendicular style, with a detached tower surmounted 
 by a lofty spire. The interior is spacious, but contains 
 no monuments of importance. The church has been 
 restored, and possesses several good painted windows. 
 The manor belonged to the family of Brandestone, 
 from whom it was purchased by John Catesby, whose 
 descendant, William Catesby, was beheaded after the battle 
 of Bosworth. Catesby is immortalised by Shakespeare in 
 King Richard ITI. 
 
 At Lapworth the tourist is 2 miles from Kingswood 
 Station. Should he choose to walk on to Knowle Station, 
 he may pass through the grounds of Packwood House, and 
 visit Packwood Church, which is in the Decorated style, 
 with a Perpendicular tower and a_ timber - framed 
 porch. 
 
 Wootton WaweEN, 2 miles south from Henley-in- 
 Arden, is a scattered, pleasantly-situated village, with 
 some interesting Saxon remains in its immediate vicinity. 
 
80 VICINITY OF HENLEY-IN-ARDEN, 
 
 The Church is a building of considerable antiquity, but 
 has undergone a good deal of incongruous alterations. It 
 consists of nave with south aisle, chancel with south 
 chapel, north and south porches, and square Saxon tower, 
 The north side of the church is almost wholly coated with 
 plaster, and the upper part of the east window of the 
 nave aisle, which is Decorated in style, has been filled 
 with masonry. 
 
 - The arches in the interior are pointed, with the excep- 
 tion of two, which are round. The east window is 
 Perpendicular, of seven lights, and has some fragments of 
 old stained glass, Outside the communion rails is an 
 altar-tomb bearing the recumbent effigy of a knight in 
 armour, with folded hands, a dog at his feet, and the 
 fragments of his spear at his side. The date of this 
 monument is 1415. It is supposed to have been erected 
 in memory of an early proprietor of Packwood House, 
 Within the rails is another altar-tomb, with the effigies in 
 inlaid brass of a knight in armour, his lady, and their 
 children (five boys and five girls). A Latin inscription 
 running round the tomb states that it is to the memory 
 of John Harewell and his wife Anna. John died in 1505; 
 but the date of Anna’s death is not filled in (a not un- 
 common omission in ancient monuments). The Harewells 
 were possessors of a manor in the lordship of Wootton 
 Wawen, which passed by purchase into the possession of 
 the Smythe family, who were proprietors of the rest, and 
 still retain it. An ancestor of this family is commemo- 
 rated by a rather stately monument in the chapel on 
 the south side of the chancel. This monument, which has 
 no date, bears the effigy of Francis Smith, doubtless one 
 of the earliest possessors of the hall, The figure is in 
 
VICINITY OF HENLEY-IN-ARDEN. 81 
 
 ,armour, reclining on the right side, the head resting on a 
 helmet. It has a long trimmed beard and a ruffle round 
 the neck, and it is coloured in the style of monuments 
 of the end of the 16th century. On the floor a plain 
 stone covers the remains of William Somerville, author of 
 The Chase. 'There are two modern monuments deserving 
 of notice. The one of these is to the memory of John 
 Phillips, Esq., formerly proprietor of Edstone Grange, 
 representing a female figure bending in an attitude of 
 grief. The other is a stately marble structure to the 
 memory of Henry and Henrietta Knight, son and daughter 
 of Robert, Earl of Catherlough, bearing the date 1764. 
 
 Wootton Wawen Hall is near the church. It is a large 
 building of little architectural pretension. Behind it is 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, the interior of which presents 
 the features of decoration usual in such buildings. 
 Externally it has nothing to show worthy of notice. A 
 small Roman Catholic cemetery on the outskirts of the 
 village contains an elegant stone cross, 
 
 Edston Grange, a handsome mansion, situated in a well- 
 wooded park, about a mile and a half from Wootton 
 Wawen, was the birthplace, in 1692, of William Somer- 
 ville, author of The Chase.1 
 
 1 He was a skilful sportsman, and a useful justice of the peace, as well 
 as a man of letters. His death, which took place in 1742, was hastened by 
 habits of intoxication, to which he gave way in consequence of the em- 
 barrassments resulting from his extravagance. Alluding to this, his friend 
 Shenstone, who very much resembled him, remarks indignantly on the 
 grievance of a man of genius being asked to pay his debts, ‘‘ For a man of 
 high spirit, conscious of having (at least in one production) generally 
 pleased the world, to be plagued and threatened by wretches that are low 
 in every sense; to be forced to drink himself into pains of the body, in 
 order to get rid of the pains of the mind, is a misery.” 
 
82 KENILWORTH. 
 
 KENILWORTH. 
 
 Inns: King’s Arms, Castle, Bowling-Green, Globe. 
 
 From Warwick, Leamington, or Coventry, 5 miles. 
 THERE can be no doubt that Kenilworth is a place of 
 much antiquity. The name, which in Domesday is 
 written Chinewrde, is probably derived from Cenwulph, . 
 King of the Mercians, and the Saxon word werthe, signi- 
 fying a dwelling-place. The old residence of the Saxon 
 kings, which stood on Holme Hill, was destroyed in the 
 wars between Edward and Canute. Some antiquarians 
 assert that the palace was of British origin, and that 
 King Arthur “here with royal consort abode did make.” 
 On the summits of two hills in the neighbourhood traces 
 of earthworks, supposed to be British, were discovered in 
 1877. Kenilworth was on the line of forts built by 
 Ostorius, which ran across the centre of the island, and 
 some are of opinion that one of these forts stood upon the 
 site of Czesar’s tower. In the reign of Henry I. the 
 manor was granted by the king to Geoffrey de Clinton, 
 his chamberlain and treasurer, who founded the priory 
 and church, and endowed them with a large portion 
 of the estate. The castle was built by this Geoffrey de 
 Clinton, and appears to have remained in his family to 
 the fourth generation. 
 
 Here, in the beginning of the 14th century, was 
 born John of Killingworth, an eminent philosopher, 
 astronomer, and physician. ‘‘He studied the stars so 
 long,” says Fuller, “that at last he became a star in his 
 own sphere, and outshined all others of that faculty. 
 He was father and founder to all the astronomers of 
 that age.” 
 
KENILWORTH. 83 
 
 The town consists mainly of one very long, straggling 
 street, with various offshoots. At the census of 1881 the 
 population was 4150. The manufacture of horn combs 
 has declined, but there are felt works, a large tannery, 
 and flour mills. 
 
 Besides the castle, the ancient parish church, and some 
 remains of the abbey, there are no public buildings of 
 importance. A new church, dedicated to St. John the 
 Evangelist, was erected in 1852, near the entrance to the 
 town from the Warwick Road. There are several charities, 
 and 300 children are educated in free schools. Kennels 
 have recently been erected in the town for the South 
 Warwickshire hounds. 
 
 KENILWORTH CASTLE is situated on a gentle eminence 
 on the west side of the town. The earlier portion of the 
 building was erected by Geoffrey de Clinton, upon whom 
 the manor of Kenilworth had been conferred by Henry I. 
 After having been possessed by three of his descendants 
 it reverted to the Crown. Henry III. bestowed the 
 manor on Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and his 
 wife Eleanor, the king’s sister, for their respective lives. 
 From this time Kenilworth began to occupy a prominent 
 position in history. When the earl took up arms against 
 his sovereign it became a great place of resort for the 
 insurgent nobles. In the bloody battle of Evesham, 
 August 1265, in which no quarter was given, the barons 
 were defeated, and Montfort and his eldest son slain. 
 His younger son, Simon de Montfort, and the remains of 
 the rebel party, rallied at Kenilworth, which became the 
 centre of their operations. In 1266 the king surrounded 
 it with a large force ; but for six months it resisted all 
 his efforts. At length the garrison, being much reduced 
 
84 KENILWORTH. 
 
 by sickness, surrendered on highly favourable terms. 
 Henry bestowed Kenilworth on his younger son Edmund, 
 whom he created Earl of Leicester and Lancaster. In 
 the reign of Edward I., while Kenilworth was in the 
 possession of this prince, it was the scene of a splendid 
 
 KENILWORTH CASTLE (FROM WARWICK ROAD). 
 
 tournament. The chief promoter of this chivalrous festival 
 was Roger Mortimer, Earl of March. The knights were 
 one hundred in number; and among them were many 
 distinguished foreigners, who had come to England ex- 
 pressly for the occasion. The ladies were also a hundred 
 
(AMVI DHL WOU) pal0jsad HIMOM TING 
 
 © Sine! MA] 
 
86 KENILWORTH. 
 
 in number. It is recorded by the chroniclers that the 
 whole party dined at a round table—all difficulties regard- 
 ing precedence being thus avoided. Edmund of Lancaster 
 was succeeded in the possession of Kenilworth by his son 
 Thomas, who was beheaded for joining in a rebellion 
 against Edward II. That monarch, however, soon fell 
 before the power of the barons, and was confined in 
 Kenilworth till he abdicated in favour of his son, after 
 which he was taken to Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire, 
 where he was murdered. Kenilworth was restored by 
 Edward III. to Henry, brother of the late possessor, as a 
 reward for his services in the rebellion which had placed 
 him on the throne. By his marriage with Blanche, 
 grand-daughter of this earl, John of Gaunt, son of Edward 
 III. and Duke of Lancaster, became the possessor of the 
 castle and estate. This nobleman made large additions 
 to the fortress. When his son, Henry of Bolingbroke, . 
 was supplanted by Richard II., Kenilworth again became 
 the property of the Crown, and so continued till Elizabeth 
 conferred it on her favourite, Robert Dudley, Earl of 
 Leicester, who expended on the castle and the surrounding 
 domains the sum of £60,000. Dudley built the entrance 
 gateway and tower on the north side, and the part of 
 the castle called Leicester’s Buildings. He also rebuilt 
 Mortimer’s Tower and the Gallery Tower, at the opposite 
 ends of the tilt-yard. Queen Elizabeth visited Leicester 
 at Kenilworth in the years 1566, 1568, and 1575. It 
 is the last of these visits that Scott has immortalised. 
 We quote part of his description of the castle as it existed 
 at this period :— 
 
 ‘‘The outer wall of this splendid and gigantic structure 
 enclosed 7 acres, a part of which was occupied by extensive 
 
KENILWORTH. 87 
 
 stables, and by a pleasure-garden with its trim arbours and 
 parterres, and the rest formed the large base court, or outer yard 
 of the noble castle. The lordly structure itself, which rose near 
 the centre of this spacious enclosure, was composed of a huge 
 pile of magnificent castellated buildings, apparently of different — 
 ages, surrounding an inner court, and bearing in the names 
 attached to each portion of the magnificent mass, and in the 
 armorial bearings which were there blazoned, the emblems of 
 mighty chiefs who had long passed away, and whose history, 
 could ambition have lent ear to it, might have read a lésson to 
 the haughty favourite who had now acquired and was aug- 
 menting the fair domain. ... . The external wall of this 
 royal castle was, on the south and west sides, adorned and 
 defended by a lake, partly artificial, across which Leicester had 
 constructed a stately bridge, that Elizabeth might enter the 
 castle by a path hitherto untrodden, instead of the usual en- 
 trance to the northward, over which he had erected a gatehouse 
 or barbican, which still exists, and is equal in extent, and 
 superior in architecture, to the baronial castle of many a north- 
 ern chief. Beyond the lake lay an extensive chase, full of 
 red-deer, fallow-deer, roes, and every species of game, and 
 abounding with lofty trees, from amongst which the extended 
 front and massive towers of the castle were seen to rise in 
 majesty and beauty.”—(Kenilworth, chap. xxv.) 
 
 Sir Walter Scott has faithfully as well as charmingly 
 interwoven with his story the particulars of the “princely 
 pleasures” with which Elizabeth’s visit was celebrated. 
 During the seventeen days of her stay the queen was 
 entertained by a series of gorgeous spectacles, and by 
 every species of amusement which the age could produce. 
 As may be seen from the extracts from ‘ Kenilworth 
 Inventory” that are given by Sir Walter Scott, the 
 furniture of the castle was of the most magnificent and 
 costly description. Master Robert Laneham, whom Scott 
 designates “‘as great a coxcomb as ever blotted paper,” 
 
88 KENILWORTH. 
 
 mentions as a proof of the hospitable spirit of the Earl, 
 that “the clock bell rang not a note all the while her 
 Highness was there ; the clock stood also still withal ; the 
 hands of both the tables stood firm and fast, always point- 
 ing at two oclock”—the hour of banquet! The quantity 
 of beer drunk amounted to ‘320 hogsheads of the ordi- 
 nary sort.” The expense of the entertainments is said to 
 have amounted to £1000 a day. 
 
 Robert Dudley, dying in 1588 at Kenilworth, some 
 say of poison he had prepared for others, left the castle 
 and estate to his brother Ambrose, Earl of Warwick, for 
 his life, and thereafter to his son, Sir Robert Dudley, on 
 whose outlawry it reverted to the Crown. In 1617 the 
 castle was visited by James I, and in 1642 by Charles I. 
 In 1644 the town was visited by the king’s army. 
 Cromwell bestowed the castle on certain of his officers, 
 who demolished it, felled its timber, and drained its moat. 
 Charles II., on his restoration, granted the castle and 
 estate to Laurence Hyde, afterwards Earl of Rochester. 
 Kenilworth after this passed by marriage first to the Earl 
 of Essex, and then to Thomas Villiers, afterwards Earl of 
 Clarendon, in whose family it still remains. It has long 
 been a complete though magnificent ruin. The present 
 Earl of Clarendon, we believe, makes it his care to pre- 
 serve this noble fabric as much as possible from further 
 decay. | 
 
 The castle is approached by a pleasant green lane, 
 diverging from which at a particular point there may be 
 heard a very fine echo. The following description takes 
 up the different portions of the fortress in detail :— 
 
 The Enrrance to the castle is by the Great Gatnr- 
 HOUSE, where a small charge is made (3d.), the proceeds 
 
KENILWORTH. 89 
 
 being used to defray the expense of renovations, This 
 gatehouse has been converted into a dwelling-house ; one 
 apartment of which, on the ground-floor, is exhibited to 
 visitors on an extra payment of sixpence. The apartment 
 
 pts 
 pall 
 fos / 
 
 lu 
 Wiad 
 
 Al 
 
 in 
 
 BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF THE CASTLE RESTORED.1 
 
 contains a carved chimney-piece, on which may be traced 
 the arms and cognisance of Robert Dudley, Earl of 
 Leicester ; otherwise the carving is totally devoid of 
 
 1 We subjoin the names of the different parts of the castle, as indicated 
 
 in this view, with a note of the pages at which they are severally de- 
 scribed :— 
 
 1. Leicester's Buildings, 96. 11. Inner Court, 91. 
 
 2. Cesar’s Tower, 91. 12. Strong Tower, 93. 
 
 3. Sir Robert Dudley’s Lobby, 91. 13. The Three Kitchens, 93. 
 4. Base Court, 90. ~ 14. The Pleasance, 97. 
 
 5. The Lake, 87. 16. The White Hall, 95. 
 
 6. Clinton Green. 17. The Garden, 97. 
 
 7. Gallery Tower, 98. 18. The Orchard. 
 
 8. Tilt-Yard, 97. 19. Swan Tower, 97. 
 
 9. Mortimer’s Tower, 97. 20. Great Gatehouse, 88. 
 10. King Henry’s Lodgings, 91. 21. Lun’s Tower, 97. 
 
 22. Water Tower, 97. 
 
90 KENILWORTH. 
 
 artistic handling or meaning, and not worth even the 
 small charge made for its inspection. Proceeding onwards 
 into the BasE Court, a good view of the whole structure 
 and of the inner court is obtained. 
 
 A careful study of the accompanying ground-plan of 
 Kenilworth Castle will materially assist the tourist in 
 finding the various parts of the ruins as they are noticed 
 
 GROUND-PLAN OF KENILWORTH CASTLE, 
 
 1. Clinton Green. 13. Cesar’s Tower, 
 2. The Swan Tower. 14. The Hall. 
 8. The Garden. 15. The Inner Court. 
 4. The Great Gatehouse. 16. King Henry’s Lodg- 
 5. Lun’s Tower. ings. 
 6. The Stable. 17. White Hall. 
 7. The Water Tower. 18. The Presence Chamber. 
 8. Ground between Walls 19. The Privy Chamber. 
 and Pool. 20. Sir Robert Dudley’s 
 9. The Pool. Lobby. 
 10. The Pleasance. 21. Leicester’s Buildings. 
 11. Strong Tower, arched, 22. The Base Court. 
 three stories. 23. Mortimer’s Tower. 
 12. The Three Kitchens. 24, The Tilt-yard. 
 
 25. The Orchard. 
 
KENILWORTH. 91 
 
 in the following description :—Standing in the outer or 
 Base Court, at the eastern side of the castle, the visitor 
 has on his right Cesar’s Tower, and on his left Leicester’s 
 Buildings. The open space between them was originally 
 occupied by Sir Rosert DupiEy’s Lossy and Kine 
 Henry VIII.’s Lopeines, which are entirely destroyed. 
 
 \\ 
 Hi 
 
 VWARGHER 5x Paka on : g ” GRAY 7 
 
 LEICESTER CHIMNEY-PIECE. 
 
 Between the latter of these parts of the castle and Cexsar’s 
 Tower was an arched entrance into the Inner Court. At 
 the farther end of the inner court is the great banqueting- 
 hall. Having made himself familiar with these points, 
 the tourist can readily proceed to identify the other parts 
 of this extensive and magnificent structure. 
 
 Camsar’s Tower, evidently the oldest part of the build- 
 ing, has been a keep of immense strength. The character 
 
92 KENILWORTH. 
 
 of its architecture is so thoroughly Norman as to leave 
 little doubt that it was erected by Geoffrey de Clinton. 
 In some places its walls are not less than 16 ft. 
 thick. Unlike other Norman towers, it has no dungeon. 
 
 CHSAR’S TOWER. 
 
 This massive keep has been square in form ; but one side 
 of it, the north, is entirely demolished. Scott conjectures 
 that it may have received its name from its resemblance 
 to the one in the Tower of London so called. In the 
 
KENILWORTH. 93 
 
 south-east angle of this tower is the well, now covered 
 over. It was emptied and examined in 1819, but nothing 
 of consequence found init. Westward from Cesar’s Tower 
 were the Krronmns, of which only a few crumbling ruins 
 remain. ‘The arched passage between the Kitchens and 
 Cesar’s Tower, built by Leicester, communicated with the 
 GarpDENS. There Scott represents Leicester as standing 
 in the midst of a splendid group of lords and ladies, when 
 Elizabeth, having discovered the Countess Amy in the 
 grotto, dragged her towards him, saying, “‘ Stand forth, 
 my Lord of Leicester! Knowest thou this woman ?” 
 The scene that ensued is one of the most powerful in the 
 novel, Beyond the Kitchens is the Strong Tower. 
 
 The Strona Tower, or, as Scott has named it, MmRvyn’s 
 TowER, will be viewed with interest from the associations 
 Scott has connected with it. Originally a very strong 
 building of three stories, it exactly answers the description 
 given in Kenilworth. ‘The floor of each story,” says 
 Sir Walter, “was arched, the walls of tremendous thick- 
 ness, while the space of the chamber did not exceed 15 
 ft. in diameter.” It is here that the hapless Amy- 
 Robsart is represented as having found a brief refuge, 
 when she came to Kenilworth to make her appeal to her 
 husband’s love. The reader of Kenilworth will scarcely 
 require to be reminded that it was here that she wrote 
 her letter to Leicester, and fastened it with a braid of her 
 hair in a “ true-love knot;” that here occurred her inter- 
 view with Tressilian and the scene with Michael Lam- 
 bourne and Lawrence Staples. The upper story, which 
 was Amy’s chamber, is in ruins. 
 
 The Great Hatt, which comes next in the line of 
 building, now turning to the south, has been an apart- 
 
94 KENILWORTH. 
 
 ment of most magnificent style and dimensions. This 
 and several adjoining parts of the castle were built by 
 
 MERVYN’S TOWER. 
 
 John of Gaunt, “ time-honoured Lancaster.” The richly- 
 ornamented portal shows the level of this noble room. 
 
KENILWORTH. 95 
 
 Its floor rested on stone arches, the vaulted apartment 
 below being probably used for stores. The hall has been 
 90 ft. long by 45 broad. The windows are of great 
 height and exquisite in design, On the south side of the 
 great hall is a winding staircase, terminating in two 
 vaulted apartments. In connection with this noble 
 apartment it will not be inappropriate toequote Sir 
 Walter Scott’s description of it when dignified by the 
 presence of Elizabeth. It will help the visitor to realise 
 to some extent what must have been the grandeur of an 
 apartment, the ruins of which have still such an aspect of 
 magnificence :—“ The Queen . . . at length found her 
 way to the great hall of the castle, gorgeously hung for 
 her reception with the richest silken tapestry, misty with 
 perfumes, and sounding to strains of soft and delicious 
 music. From thé highly-carved oaken roof hung a superb 
 chandelier of gilt bronze, formed like a spread eagle, 
 whose outstretched wings supported three male and three 
 female figures, grasping a pair of branches in each hand. 
 The hall was thus illuminated by twenty-four torches of 
 wax. At the upper end of the splendid apartment was a 
 state canopy, overshadowing a royal throne, and beside 
 was a door, which opened to a long suite of apartments, 
 decorated with the utmost magnificence for the Queen and 
 her ladies, whenever it should be her pleasure to be 
 private.” | 
 
 Following the line of the building, which here turns 
 to the east, the visitor finds the indistinct traces of the 
 WairE Hatt, an apartment which seems to have 
 measured about 50 ft. by 25. It seems to have been 
 erected at the same time as the Great Hall. Next in 
 order to this apartment, according to Dugdale, were 
 
96 KENILWORTH. 
 
 the Presmncx CHAMBER and the Prrvy Coampers—from 
 the latter of which it is supposed that the chimney- 
 piece already referred to as exhibited in the Gatehouse, 
 was removed. These ruins possess no particular interest. 
 
 Letcuster’s Burtpinas complete the square. As the 
 
 LEICESTER’S BUILDINGS. 
 
 name implies, this stupendous pile was erected by the 
 Earl of Leicester. Leicester’s Buildings are less strongly 
 and durably built than other parts of the castle. The 
 stone of which they are composed is softer and less able to 
 resist the weather than that of the more ancient portions 
 
KENILWORTH. 97 
 
 of the structure. From this cause it has even a more 
 time-worn aspect than some parts of an earlier date. 
 The floors have all fallen in; but the visitor can readily 
 mark the different stories into which the gigantic pile 
 has been divided, the remains of beams and disfigured 
 fireplaces rising above each other in the desolate walls. 
 The ivy which so thickly covers this and the other parts 
 of the castle, adding greatly to the picturesqueness of the 
 various views, has, in some places, a trunk almost as thick 
 as a man’s body. 
 
 The surrounding country may be seen to great advan- 
 tage from various points of the castle ; in particular from 
 the windows of the Great Hall, and from the top of the 
 Strong Tower. 
 
 The Outer Wall of the castle, as has been already 
 said, enclosed 7 acres. The GARDEN was on the 
 north side of the castle. With it was connected the 
 PLEASANCE, which was more to the west, adjoining the 
 Strong Tower. The Pleasance, it will be remembered, 
 was the scene of the meeting of Queen Elizabeth and 
 Amy Robsart. Several towers are connected with the 
 walls. At the west corner of the north wall is the 
 Swan Tower. To the eastward, beyond the Gatehouse, 
 may be seen Lun’s Tower, the SraBies, and the WaTER 
 Tower, which are shut out from inspection, forming part 
 of a farmyard. The ruins of Morrimer’s Tower, at the 
 beginning of the Tilt-yard, and the Trn1-yarp itself, will 
 not fail to excite the interest of the tourist, who will 
 obtain a charming view of the castle from this side. 
 
 “We cannot but add,” says Scott, concluding his 
 general description of Kenilworth, ‘‘that of this lordly 
 palace, where princes feasted and heroes fought, now in 
 
 H 
 
98 KENILWORTH. 
 
 the bloody earnest of storm and siege, and now in the 
 games of chivalry, all is now desolate. The bed of the ~ 
 lake is but a rushy swamp ; and the massive ruins of the 
 Castle only serve to show what their splendour once was, 
 and to impress on the musing visitor the transitory value 
 of human possessions, and the happiness of those who 
 enjoy a humble lot in virtuous contentment.” 
 
 WATER TOWER. 
 
 Probably the bird’s-eye view given on a preceding 
 page may serve to give the tourist a better general idea 
 of the castle as it existed in its integrity, than any verbal 
 description. 
 
 At the south-eastern extremity of the Tilt-yard is the 
 GALLERY TowER.! Only the base and side walls of this 
 
 1 “The entrance tower obtained the name of the Gallery Tower from 
 
KENILWORTH. 99 
 
 tower remain; and these are so overgrown with under- 
 wood as only to be noticeable on a minute inspection. 
 This was formerly the principal entrance to the castle. 
 The reader of Kenelworth will remember that it was here 
 the gigantic porter resigned his club and keys on the 
 approach of Queen Elizabeth :— 
 
 ** Dazzled and blind, mine office I forsake, 
 My club, my key. My knee, my homage take, 
 Bright paragon ; pass on in joy and bliss ;— 
 Beshrew the gate that opes not wide at such a sight as this!” 
 
 the following circumstance:—The whole bridge, extending from the 
 entrance to another tower on the opposite side of the lake, called Mor- 
 timer’s Tower, was so disposed as to make a spacious tilt-yard, about one 
 hundred and thirty yards in length and ten in breadth, strewed with the 
 finest sand, and defended on either side by strong and high palisades. 
 The broad and fair gallery, destined for the ladies who were to witness the 
 feats of chivalry presented on this area, was erected on the northern side 
 of the outer tower, to which it gave name.”—(Scott’s Kenilworth, chap. 
 XXvVi.) 
 
100 KENILWORTH. 
 
 The ParisH CuurcH, dedicated to St. Nicholas, occu- 
 pies a good position not far from the castle. It consists 
 of nave, aisles, chancel with south aisle, and spire at the 
 west end with a very tuneful peal of bells. There is a 
 fine Norman arch in the tower, forming the entrance. It 
 is supposed to have been originally the entrance to the 
 abbey church, from which it was removed to the present 
 position when that building was destroyed. It consists 
 of a series of receding arches, rising from circular columns, 
 and ornamented with the diamond, embattled, zigzag, and 
 beak-head mouldings. The picturesque spire-steeple 
 which rises above the doorway is comparatively modern, 
 as is also the body of the church, which is of various 
 styles. The church underwent considerable restorations 
 in 1864. 
 
 The interior is worthy of inspection. The east window 
 is in the Second Pointed style, and was the gift of the late 
 
KENILWORTH. 101 
 
 Dr. Samuel Butler, then vicar of Kenilworth and master 
 of Shrewsbury school, afterwards Bishop of Lichfield, It 
 is filled with stained glass, and contains the arms of the 
 successive possessors of the castle. It is to be regretted 
 that the ancient east window, the tracery of which was of 
 a rare kind, should have been removed. This window, it 
 is said, now forms the entrance to a summer-house in the 
 vicar’s garden. There are three sedilia on the south side 
 of the chancel. The south aisle has one of those openings 
 regarding the use of which antiquarians are not agreed. 
 They are variously styled confessionals, vulsre windows, 
 and lychnoscopes. There is another in the south-west 
 wall of the chancel. The font, which is octagonal, has 
 the date 1664; but it is supposed to be much older, and 
 to have been reworked at the latter date. 
 
 Since the extensive restoration which the church under- 
 went in 1864 several of the windows have been filled in 
 with stained glass, either by subscription or special dona- 
 tion. A reredos in stone, by Earp, the centre portion 
 representing the Lord’s Supper in relief, was erected in 
 1880. The chancel contains a very beautiful monument 
 by Westmacott. 
 
 A church dedicated to St. John the Evangelist was 
 erected in 1853. It is situated near the junction of the 
 Warwick and Leamington roads, and is in the Decorated 
 style, consisting of nave, south aisle, and chancel, with a 
 tower and spire. 
 
 St. AUGUSTINE’S CATHOLIC CHURCH is a pretty ivy- 
 clad building of red brick, with stone dressings, standing in 
 a picturesque churchyard, at the end of Fieldgate Lane. 
 
 Near the St. Nicholas parish church there are some 
 remains of the Abbey, which was of the order of St. 
 
102 KENILWORTH. 
 
 Augustine, and endowed to the honour of the Virgin 
 Mary. It owed its origin to Geoffrey de Clinton, the 
 founder of the castle, who endowed it with all the woods 
 and lands he had in the parish of Kenilworth, except the 
 site of the castle and its park, and with other privileges. 
 His descendants showed an equal interest in the prosperity 
 of the monastery. At the general survey, taken in the 
 26th of King Henry VIII, its clear annual revenue was 
 £533 :15:4, When the abbey was surrendered at the 
 Dissolution (1539), it had been in their possession more 
 than four hundred years. Henry VIII. granted its site 
 to Sir Andrew Flamock, whose grand-daughter brought it 
 in marriage to John Colburn, Esq., of Moreton Morrell, in 
 this county, who was intimidated into parting with it on 
 very easy terms to the Earl of Leicester. It is now, like 
 the castle, the property of the Earl of Clarendon. 
 
 The most interesting part of the ruins is the old Gate- 
 way, which is in good preservation. This very pictur- 
 esque object, viewed in connection with the rest of the 
 ruins, makes it sufficiently evident that the building was 
 of large extent and imposing architecture. The abbey 
 has been of the Anglo-Norman style. Not far from the 
 gateway another portion of the ancient structure has been 
 converted into a cow-house or barn. At some distance 
 there are several large and shapeless remnants of the old 
 walls. Some years ago, when the present churchyard 
 was being enlarged, some portions of the foundations of 
 the abbey were discovered, which are supposed to be the 
 remains of the chapter-house; and some fine ornamental 
 fragments of different periods and styles were found. 
 Several stone .coffin-lids with ancient carvings were also 
 uncovered, and are still to be seen in the churchyard. 
 
KINETON, 103 
 
 KINETON. AND ITS VICINITY. 
 
 From Stratford-on-Avon, 8 miles; Fenny Compton Station (12 miles from 
 Leamington), 5. 
 
 THOUGH not mentioned in Domesday Book, Kineton (or 
 Kington) was a royal possession of the Saxon kings. 
 Henry I. gave the church, called then Chinton, to the 
 monks of Kenilworth; and there are records, but no 
 remains, of a eastle that existed here ata later period. 
 The town is irregularly built, and contains many ancient 
 stone houses. 
 
 The Church, dating from the reign of Edward IL, 
 is in the Early English and Perpendicular styles, and 
 possesses a specially beautiful doorway. 
 
 About 4 miles to the south of Kineton is Epar 
 Hitt, a long elevated ridge, on the northern slope of 
 which the battle that has made its name noted in history 
 was fought, 23d Oct. 1642. Five hundred bodies were 
 thrown into a contiguous pit, the site of which is marked 
 by an elm-tree, Human bones and fragments of weapons 
 are often turned up on the scene of the battle. The edge 
 of the hill is a beautiful natural terrace. On its summit 
 are a tower and artificial ruins, 
 
 “From Edge Hill,” says Speed, “we may behold 
 another Eden, as Lot did the plain of Jordan before that 
 Sodom fell.” To which Fuller adds: “But he might 
 have put in, ‘It is not altogether so well watered.’ ” 
 
 The prospect from Edge Hill, and the reflections 
 to which it gives rise, form the subject of Richard 
 Jago’s chief poem, bearing its name. The subject 
 is pleasantly treated, but the poem seldom rises to 
 a high pitch of excellence. Hdge Hill is included 
 
104 VICINITY OF KINETON. 
 
 in all series of the British poets pretending to com- 
 pleteness. 
 
 On the eastern side of Edge Hill is an ancient fortifi- 
 cation called Nadbury Camp, believed to be of Roman 
 construction. 
 
 Avon Dassert, 5 miles south-east of Kineton, and 2 
 south-west of Fenny Compton. The church, dedicated 
 to St. John the Baptist, has lately been rebuilt in the 
 Gothic style. In the chancel there is a stone tomb of the 
 12th century, representing a deacon in his full robes, 
 supposed to be one of the rectors of the parish The 
 Roman Catholic Church, dedicated to St. Joseph, was 
 erected in 1854. 
 
 Burton Dassert, 4 miles east of Kineton, was depopu- 
 lated by Sir Edward Belknap in the time of Henry VII. 
 From the lofty hills in the neighbourhood extensive and 
 charming views are obtained. On one is an old beacon 
 tower, whose fires first told London and Parliament the 
 result of Edge Hill fight. 
 
 CoMBROKE, which means a little brook, is situated 
 about a mile west of Kineton. The church was rebuilt 
 in 1867, with the exception of the chancel. In the 
 churchyard there are the remains of a Saxon font and an 
 old cross. 
 
 Compron (Fenny), 5 miles east of Kineton, and 12 south 
 of Leamington, is a town with nearly 600 inhabitants. 
 On account of its situation on the canal and railway it 
 has lately been increasing. 'The church, dedicated to St. 
 Clare, dates from the 14th century. 
 
 Compton (Lone), 52 miles east from Moreton-in-the- 
 Marsh, and 11 south of Kineton. It obtained from 
 Henry III. a charter for a weekly market and a yearly 
 
VICINITY OF KINETON, 105 
 
 fair. One of the Sheldons inhabiting the. neighbouring 
 _ mansion of Weston greatly encouraged the Flemish 
 tapestry weavers, who wove him a curious set of maps on 
 three large pieces of tapestry. The tapestry was bought 
 by Horace Walpole in 1781, who presented it to Earl 
 Harcourt. The Church of St. Peter and-St. Paul is very 
 ancient. About a mile from the village are the “ Rolling 
 Stones,” the site and remains of a Druidical temple. 
 
 Compton VERNEY, anciently called Compron MurpDAcK, 
 is about 2 miles west of Kineton. Originally bestowed 
 by the Conqueror on Henry de Newburgh, Earl of War- 
 wick, the manor came, in the reign of Henry I. into the 
 possession of Robert Murdack. In the reign of Henry 
 V. the estate was acquired by Sir Richard Verney, who 
 built a mansion on it, which was in existence in the early 
 part of the 17th century. The present edifice was 
 erected about a hundred years ago from a design by 
 Adams, and is surrounded by a fine park, rich in wood 
 and water. Its principal apartment is adorned with fine 
 paintings on panels by Zucchero. There is a handsome 
 chapel near the mansion, possessing a turret with one 
 bell, and containing some ancient brasses and monu- 
 ments. 
 
 CompTon WYNIATES, about.6 miles to the south of 
 Kineton, was the residence of Sir William Compton, who, 
 at the age of eleven, was appointed companion to the 
 second son of Henry VII., afterwards Henry VIII. 
 Among the noted members of the family was Henry 
 Compton, Bishop of London.! The mansion dates from 
 
 1 Henry Compton, one of the most eminent prelates who ever occupied 
 the see of London, was born at Compton Wyniates in 1632. Before entering 
 the church he served for some time as cornet in.a cavalry regiment. In 
 
106 VICINITY OF KINETON. 
 
 the reign of Henry VIII. It is a large, irregular edifice, 
 and was originally surrounded by a moat. 
 
 GaypDon, 3 miles north-east of Kineton, is a small 
 village, with a chapelry annexed called Chadshurst. The 
 body of the church dates from the 11th century, and the 
 roof is supported by very old oak beams carved with 
 various devices. The font is of stone and very fine. The 
 peal of bells, six in number, date from the 11th century. 
 
 Moreton MorRRELL is a small village about 4 miles 
 north-west of Kineton. In the church, dedicated to the 
 Holy Cross, there is a monument to Richard Murden and 
 his wife. The ancient mansion of Moreton Hall, which 
 is now a farmhouse, once belonged to Dudley, Earl of 
 Leicester, and it is said that Amy Robsart was confined 
 in it when Queen Elizabeth visited Kenilworth. Near 
 the village there is a petrifying well. 
 
 Rapway, 24 miles south of Kineton, closely adjoins 
 the battlefield of Edge Hill. In the Church of St. 
 Peter’s, rebuilt in 1866, there is a monument to Captain 
 Kingsmith, who was slain at Edge Hill. The Grange, a 
 fine old building, is surrounded with a park, containing a 
 clump of trees planted by the great Earl of Chatham. 
 Within the grounds there was at one time a monastery 
 connected with the abbey of Stoneleigh. The tower 
 marking the battlefield of Edge Hill is in the immediate 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 At Ratuey, half a mile farther santlt there is in the 
 
 1675 he was appointed to the see of London, and entrusted with the 
 - education of the Princesses Mary and Anne. To his influence is to be 
 attributed the firmness with which these princesses adhered to the Pro- 
 testant religion. When James II. ascended the throne he suspended 
 Bishop Compton, but afterwards restored him to his office. Compton died 
 in 1718, at the age of 81. 
 
VICINITY OF KINETON. 107 
 
 churchyard a pillar surmounted by a crucifix, which 
 Dugdale affirms to be a pre-Reformation preaching cross, 
 Behind a farmhouse are some mounds, evidently artificial 
 fortifications. .On the corner of Edge Hill, within the 
 parish of Ratley, is Nadbury Camp, probably a British 
 and afterwards a Roman camp. Charles I. is said to have 
 occupied this position for some time at the battle of 
 Edge Hill. 
 
 Tysog, a village 5 miles south of Kineton, is very ancient. ~ 
 The church was built 200 years before the Conquest. 
 The oldest parts are the south aisle and clerestory win- 
 dows. ‘The arches of the nave are Norman, and those of 
 the north aisle Early English. There are many curious 
 epitaphs in the churchyard, and also the carved shaft of 
 an old cross. Under a monumental arch in the north 
 wall is a recumbent effigy much worn. 
 
 On the hillside, fronting the church, is cut in the 
 turf the gigantic figure of a horse. From the tint of 
 the soil it is called the Red Horse, and the low ground 
 below is called the Red Horse Vale. It is generally 
 supposed that the figure was cut to commemorate the 
 gallant conduct of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, 
 who, at the battle of Towton Heath, slew his steed, to 
 show his followers that he was prepared to share the 
 same dangers as the meanest soldier in the ranks. It 
 used to be a rustic custom to “scour” the figure every 
 Palm Sunday (the anniversary of the battle). Jago, 
 in his poem of Hdge Hill, ascribes this figure to the — 
 Saxons. 
 
 WARMINGTON, about 4 miles south-west from Fenny 
 Compton, is supposed to have been the Roman T’re- 
 pontium. There are remains of an extensive Roman 
 
108 LEAMINGTON. 
 
 camp. A Benedictine priory, founded by one of the De 
 Newburghs, Earls of Warwick, is supposed to have stood 
 in the centre of the village. The Church of St. Michael 
 is situated on a hill commanding an extensive view. 
 Three of the arches of the nave are transition Norman, 
 and the remainder of the church is 14th century, and 
 Decorated. At the north end of the church is a building 
 of the 14th century, supposed to have. been used in 
 ancient times as a residence for the officiating priests. 
 The churchyard contains the tomb of Captain Alexander 
 Gourden, who was slain at Edge Hill. 
 
 LEAMINGTON. 
 
 Hotels: Regent, Lower Parade; Clarendon, Lansdowne Place; Manor 
 House, within its own grounds, near North and Great Western Station ; 
 Crown, High Street; Bath, Bath Street; Angel, Regent Street; 
 Avenue, Spencer Street; Warwick Arms, Regent Street; Prince of 
 Wales, Warwick Street; The Guernsey Temperance Hotel, Church 
 Street; The Hydropathic Establishment, Tachbrook Road. Private 
 Lodgings in all parts of the town. 
 
 From Warwick, 2 miles; Birmingham, 21; Coventry, 94; Rugby, 143; 
 London, 97; Edinburgh, 326. 
 Tus fashionable spa has railway connection both with 
 the Great Western and London and North-Western lines. 
 It is pleasantly situated on the Leam, a tributary of the 
 Avon. From a small obscure village it has risen in the 
 course of forty years to be a favourite watering-place. 
 Anciently it was called Leamington Priors, in consequence 
 of its having been bestowed on the monks of Kenilworth, 
 and in order to distinguish it from the village of Leam- 
 ington Hastang, several miles distant. The manor 
 was one of the numerous possessions of Turchill, the last 
 of the Saxon Earls of Warwick. After passing through 
 
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LEAMINGTON. 109 
 
 various families it was taken possession of by the Crown 
 on the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII. 
 It was conferred by Queen Elizabeth on Ambrose Dudley, 
 the good Earl of Warwick, upon whose death without 
 heirs it again reverted to the Crown, when it was be- 
 stowed in 1605 on the accomplished Fulke Greville by 
 James J. Leamington obtained a charter of incorporation 
 in 1875, and a commission of the peace in 1876. It 
 owes its prosperity to its mineral waters, which were 
 mentioned by Camden in 1586, and afterwards by Speed, 
 Dugdale, Fuller, and Dr. Thomas the continuator of 
 Dugdale. It was not, however, till the year 1784 that 
 public attention began to be drawn to any extent to the 
 waters of Leamington. In that year a saline spring was 
 discovered by Benjamin Satchwell, the village shoemaker, 
 to whose indefatigable exertions in bringing the various 
 attractions of his native village before the public, its 
 subsequent rise to prosperity is in a great measure to be 
 traced. William Abbots, landlord of the “Dog Inn,” 
 zealously seconded the exertions of Satchwell, his friend 
 and crony, establishing baths, now called the “ Original 
 Baths,” and the “New Inn,’ now transformed into the 
 Bath Hotel. The Morning Chronicle rendered good 
 service to the infant spa by the publication of articles by 
 Satchwell and others; and a treatise on the waters by 
 Dr. Lambe of Warwick in 1794 had the effect of attract- 
 ing considerable numbers of visitors. In the beginning 
 of the present century several new springs were dis- 
 covered, and some handsome suites of baths erected. 
 The publication of Scott's novel of Kenilworth, in 
 1818, had a great influence in attracting visitors to 
 the locality, and bringing it into very general notice. 
 
110 LEAMINGTON, 
 
 The increase of its population within the last fifty 
 years is a fair index of the remarkable growth of the 
 prosperity of Leamington. In 1811 the population 
 was 543; in 1821, 2183; in 1831, 6269; in 1841, 
 12,600; in 1851, 15,724; in 1861, 18,768; in 1871, 
 20,910; and in 1881, it was 22,979. The proportion 
 of the sexes is somewhat unequal, 584 per cent of the 
 total population being females at the last census. Sixty 
 years ago, when the spirit of improvement was beginning 
 to operate, the roads were miserable, the inns few and 
 indifferent, and no stage-coach passed nearer than 2 
 miles. It was a small village possessing only a few 
 buildings that could claim to be called fashionable. But 
 in the course of these sixty years the public spirit and 
 energy of the inhabitants and neighbouring proprietors 
 have accomplished a wonderful change. Scarcely any 
 traces of the old village remain, fashionable “ crescents,” 
 “squares,” ‘‘terraces,” and “parades,” having almost 
 wholly obliterated the unpretentious cottages. In ad- 
 dition to its mineral waters, the principal causes of the 
 rapid increase of Leamington are its beautiful and finely 
 sheltered site, its proximity to places of interest, its 
 aristocratic neighbourhood, and the fine hunting country 
 by which it is surrounded. The first royal visit to the 
 spa was that of the Prince Regent, afterwards George IV., 
 in September 1819. In July 1822 the Princess Augusta 
 lodged at No. 9 Upper Parade. In the same week the 
 Duke and Duchess of Kent stayed in Regent Street, and 
 in the same year the Prince and Princess of Denmark 
 visited the spa. In 1830 Queen Victoria with the 
 Princess Victoria paid a visit to Leamington, and in 
 1838 the spa was with her permission styled ‘“ Royal.” 
 
LEAMINGTON. EL 
 
 Toe Minerat WateRS.—There are four springs, The 
 principal ones,. which are saline, differ a little in the 
 amount of their chemical constituents, yet not to such 
 an extent as to render it of much consequence to which 
 the patient resorts. One of them is slightly impregnated 
 with iron, and they are cathartic in their effects. The 
 other two—the sulphureous and chalybeate—are not much 
 patronised. Caution ought always to be exercised in com- 
 mencing the use of saline waters if a medical man has not 
 been consulted ; and this advice is particularly applicable 
 to delicate persons and those unaccustomed to mineral- 
 water drinking. They are regarded as efficacious in de- 
 rangements of the digestive functions, diseases of the 
 skin, and visceral obstructions. Long before and after 
 their introduction to public notice by Benjamin Satch- 
 well and his worthy coadjutor William Abbots, these 
 waters were regarded asa potent cure for hydrophobia 
 —a virtue not now insisted upon. The “season” for 
 the use of the waters extends from May to October. 
 For a detailed account of their properties, and the manner 
 in which they should be used, we must refer the visitor to 
 the numerous medical papers and analyses that have been 
 published. The following hints as to the use of the 
 waters are derived from the treatises of Drs. Middleton 
 and Loudon, and other sources :— 
 
 Drinking.—The time required to give the waters a trial 
 is a month or six weeks, though of course a much longer 
 time will be required to experience their full virtues. 
 The average quantity for adults is a pint. It is taken 
 the first thing in the morning, one-half being reserved 
 until twenty minutes’ brisk exercise after the first dose. 
 It should if possible be drunk at the spring. The saline 
 
LT2. LEAMINGTON. 
 
 waters should not be used without consideration, as, when 
 taken in undue quantities, they have a very irritating 
 and hurtful effect on the bowels. The sulphureous waters 
 are not likely to be beneficial, when, after a strict atten- 
 tion. to the medical directions as to their use, they are 
 found to produce headache and sickness, and unduly to 
 excite any of the excretions. The chalybeate water is 
 valuable as a tonic and diffusible stimulus. It is used 
 in weak, lax, and pale habits, and is regarded as haying 
 a favourable influence in the cachexia. 
 
 Bathing.—The warm saline bath is of great service for 
 diseases of the skin, stiffness of the joints, and paralytic 
 affections, It should be taken once or twice a week in 
 conjunction with the drinking of the waters, and oftener 
 if the patient do not use the water internally, The cold 
 bath should be taken, in cases where it is desirable, in 
 the usual manner. Shower, tepid, medicated, and other 
 baths, may also be had at the various establishments, 
 Our space will not allow of a detailed account of the 
 analyses of the different springs. The following view of 
 their average contents (without decimal fractions) will be 
 found sufficiently accurate for general information. An 
 imperial pint contains :— 
 
 Sulphate of soda . : : : ‘ 35 grains, 
 Chloride of sodium . d ° ; 5] 
 Chloride of calcium . ; - : 23.0 ee 
 Chloride of magnesium ; : - ile 
 
 and in minute proportions—Silica—Peroxide of Iron— 
 Iodine, and Bromide of sodium, 
 
 At No. 6 High Street, near the railway viaduct, is a well 
 with sulphureous water, and in the same neighbourhood a 
 chalybeate spring, but neither of them is of importance. 
 
LEAMINGTON. 113 
 
 The principal pump-rooms and baths require a brief 
 notice. The original spring is that called The Old Well, 
 in Bath Street, at the head of Spencer Street. It was 
 enclosed in 1803 by the Earl of Aylesford, lord of the 
 manor, who granted the use of it in perpetuity to the 
 poor. The present building was erected by his grand- 
 son. ‘There is an attendant here, but water may be taken 
 free in small quantities from the outside pump. 
 
 The Roya Pump-Room anD Batus were designed by 
 Mr. C. S. Smith of Warwick, and erected at a cost of 
 £25,000. The front facing the road is 106 ft. in length 
 and 30 ft. high. At either end is a wing appropriated 
 to baths, which are twenty in number ; and the whole is 
 surrounded with a colonnade of duplicated pillars of the 
 Doric order, The Pump-Room is well proportioned and 
 elegantly ornamented ; the baths are furnished with every 
 convenience, and the adjoining grounds afford pleasant 
 promenades. The Swimming Baths and Hot Baths (not 
 mineral) are situated at Oldham’s Mill, Mill Walk, Leam 
 Terrace. The Sulphureous Springs and Baths, of which 
 Mr. Hudson is proprietor, are situated at No. 6 High 
 Street. 
 
 The Free Fountain or OrtagInaL Spa, in Bath Street, 
 at the head of Spencer Street, was founded in 1786 by 
 Thomas Abbots. The present building, which is of a 
 tasteful character, is of a more recent date. Among the 
 objects with which its interior is adorned is a portrait 
 of Dr. Jephson. 
 
 The terms for drinking and bathing vary at the different 
 establishments, Drinking for the season, from £1 : 1s. 
 to 7s. 6d., for one person, and £2 : 2s. to £1, fora family; 
 for a week, from 3s. 6d. to 1s. 6d. for one person, and 5s. 
 
 I 
 
114 LEAMINGTON. 
 
 to 4s. for a family. The average prices for baths are— 
 warm, ls. 6d.; cold or shower, 1s.; warm, 1s. 6d., cold, 
 ls. ; douche, 2s. 6d. ; medicated sulphur, 3s. ; chlorine, 
 4s, ; iodine, 4s.; camphor, 3s. 6d.; ammonia, 4s.; hot 
 air, 2s, 6d. ; vapour, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Leamington salts, produced by the evaporation of the 
 mineral waters, may be obtained from any of the chemists 
 in the town. 
 
 CuuRcHES.—Leamington is well provided with places 
 of worship. 
 
 Aut Saints’ CuurcH is at the south side of Victoria 
 Bridge. There can be no doubt that a church—or rather 
 a chapel, for the building was subordinate to the neigh- 
 bouring parish church of Leek Wootton—existed here at 
 an early period. It underwent some repairs about the 
 year 1624; but the date of its original foundation does 
 not seem to have been preserved. In 1816 it was enlarged ; 
 and fresh additions were made at subsequent dates. The 
 partial reconstruction and enlargement of the church was 
 commenced in 1843 by the Rev. John Craig, M.A., vicar 
 of the parish, and carried out at a cost of upwards of 
 £15,000. It consists of nave, aisles, transepts, chancel, 
 and spire. The nave and its aisles are Perpendicular, the 
 transepts and chancel Decorated. There are no monu- 
 ments of importance in the interior. The west window 
 is of five lights, and is 42 ft. high and 20 wide. 
 It is filled with good stained glass, representing a 
 series of events in the history of our Saviour. The 
 chancel has an apsidal end, and is lighted with five good — 
 windows filled with stained glass, the three inner ones 
 being in memory of three sisters of the name of Manners 
 Sutton. There is a fine rose window, said to have been 
 
LEAMINGTON. LES 
 
 copied from one in the cathedral of Rouen, in the north 
 transept. 
 
 In the churchyard are interred Benjamin Satchwell 
 and William Abbots, the two men who gave Leamington 
 the impulse that carried it on to prosperity. Satchwell’s 
 monument, which is the more imposing of the two, has a 
 lengthy poetical inscription, bidding the reader 
 
 ** Hail the unassuming tomb 
 Of him who told where health and beauty bloom ; 
 Of him whose lengthened life improving ran— 
 A blameless, useful, venerable man.” 
 The churchyard was closed some years ago.! 
 
 Curist CHURCH, in the centre of Beauchamp Square, 
 was erected in 1826, It is in the Norman style, but not 
 a very successful imitation of this order of architecture. 
 
 TRINITY CHAPEL, also in Beauchamp Square, is a 
 cruciform building in the Decorated style. It was opened 
 in 1847. 
 
 St. Pauy’s Cuurcu, in the Early English style, was 
 erected in 1874, and the parish formed in 1878. 
 
 Sr. Mary’s District CHurcu, near the Warneford 
 Hospital, at the east end of the town, opened in 1839, is 
 a good building in the Perpendicular style. The east 
 _ window and several of the others are filled with stained 
 glass. There is a handsome modern font, octagonal, and 
 sculptured with emblems of our Saviour’s Passion. 
 
 Sr. Luxke’s Episcopan CHaAPet is in Augusta Lane, but 
 is of no architectural interest. It was opened in 1850. 
 
 DIssENTING CHAPELS are numerous, the principal sects 
 
 1 A CEMETERY was opened in 1852 in the southern extremity of the parish. 
 It is well drained and tastefully laid out. There are two handsome little 
 chapels, in the Early Decorated style, for the performance of funeral 
 service—one being for the use of Dissenters. 
 
bie LEAMINGTON. 
 
 being represented. The Mull Street (Lady Huntingdon’s) 
 Chapel was once the property of the Rev. Rowland Hill, 
 who is commemorated by a tablet in the interior. The 
 Rey. Octavius Winslow, D.D., well known to the religious 
 public by his numerous works, was minister of the Baptist 
 Chapel, Warwick Street. None of the Dissenting places 
 of worship possess architectural features of special interest. 
 The Catholic Church of St. Peter in Dormer Place, erected 
 in 1864, is in the Roman basilica style. 
 
 The Royat AssEmMBLY Rooms, at the corner of the 
 Lower Parade, were erected in 1813, at a cost of £10,000. 
 This building, as its name implies, is used for balls and 
 assembles, etc. The principal hall, or ball-room, is 86 
 ft. long, 36 wide, and 23 high. The building comprises 
 a public billiard-room, refreshment-rooms, ete. 
 
 The Royat Music Hatt, originally called the Parthe- 
 non, is in Bath Street. It was erected in 1821, but has 
 undergone many improvements and embellishments since 
 that date. Externally and internally it is a handsome 
 structure. The ground-floor is occupied by the public 
 reading-room, 
 
 The Town Hatt has been superseded by handsome 
 municipal buildings, the foundation-stone of which was 
 laid in October 1882, the total cost being about £18,000. 
 
 The Pupitic Hatt, Windsor Street, was erected in 
 1854. 
 
 The Lramineton PROPRIETARY COLLEGE, Binwood 
 Crescent, a handsome brick building, faced with stone, in 
 the style of the time of Henry VIII., was founded in 
 1847 for the education of sons of the nobility, clergy, 
 and gentry, in connection with the Established Church. 
 It has been recently remodelled, and is now the property 
 
LEAMINGTON, 117 
 
 of shareholders in the town. The restriction as to the 
 social position of the scholars is now disregarded, and the 
 school is well managed under the new regime. 
 
 There are several excellent institutions for the educa- 
 tion of young ladies. Science classes have been instituted 
 in connection with South Kensington. 
 
 The WARNEFORD HospitTaL, so named in honour of 
 the Rev. Dr. Warneford, rector of Burton -on-the- Hill, 
 Gloucestershire, to whose munificence its establishment is 
 mainly owing, was erected in 1832, for the gratuitous 
 supply of medical assistance and baths to the poor. At 
 various periods, through the liberal donations and bequests 
 of benevolent persons, the hospital has been enlarged and 
 rendered more efficient, 
 
 Leamington possesses ample provision for the amuse- 
 ment and recreation of the visitors and inhabitants. 
 
 The JEPHSON GARDENS occupy a charming position on 
 the bank of the Leam, not far from the parish church. 
 A fine marble statue of Dr. Jephson by Mr. Hollins of 
 Birmingham, said to be an admirable likeness, stands in 
 a little Corinthian temple on an elevated spot near the 
 middle of the grounds, The Hutchinson memorial foun- 
 tain, erected in 1869 as a memorial of Mr. John Hutchin- 
 son, a local surgeon, occupies a conspicuous position in 
 the north-west corner of the gardens. The grounds are 
 vested in trustees, who have laid them out with great 
 taste. They contain charming and varied walks, an 
 archery-ground, and other attractions. During ‘the 
 season” an instrumental band is engaged to play in the 
 grounds. 
 
 The following are the terms of admission to the Jephson 
 Gardens :—For the day, 3d. each (6d. when the band is 
 
118 VICINITY OF LEAMINGTON. 
 
 playing) ; week, 1s. 6d. for one person, 3s, for a family ; 
 month, 4s. for one, 7s. for afamily; three months, 7s. 6d. 
 and 14s. ; year, 10s. 6d. and 21s. Opposite the gardens 
 is the Public Park. 
 
 The Trnnis Court, in Lower Bedford Street, is a 
 favourite place of amusement. Besides the court which 
 gives it its name, this building has billiard-rooms, racket- 
 courts, and a refreshment-room. 
 
 The THEATRE, in Clemens Street, is now used as an 
 Independent Meeting House, the stage and other fittings 
 being retained. A new theatre, with accommodation for 
 1500 persons, has been built in Regent Grove, and was 
 opened 2d October 1882. 
 
 BIsseT’S PARAGON PicTURE-GALLERY, in High Street, 
 was opened in 1819. 
 
 The Leamineton InstiTuTE, on the Parade, is provided 
 with news and reading rooms. 
 
 A free public library was established some years ago in 
 Bath Street. The Warwickshire Club, in Warwick Street, 
 is frequented by the resident gentry and professional men. 
 The town has an abundant supply of pure water from 
 Artesian wells. The Midland Counties Home for Incur- 
 able Diseases was established in 1814. The Arboretum 
 Hydropathic Establishment was erected in 1863. 
 
 ENVIRONS OF LEAMINGTON. 1! 
 
 The country round Leamington is rich in localities of 
 interest. The railway is available for approaching many 
 of these places, while others are within easy walking 
 distance by the highways or footpaths through the fields. 
 
 1 See also the Vicinity of Warwick. 
 
VICINITY OF LEAMINGTON. 119 
 
 “ The chief enjoyment of my several visits to Leamington,” 
 _says Nathaniel Hawthorne in Our Old Home, “lay in 
 rural walks about the neighbourhood, and in jaunts to 
 places of note and interest, which are particularly abundant 
 in that region. The highroads are made pleasant to the 
 traveller by a border of trees, and often afford him the 
 hospitality of a wayside bench beneath a comfortable 
 shade. But a fresher delight is to be found in the foot- 
 paths, which go wandering away from stile to stile, along 
 hedges, and across broad fields, and through wooded parks, 
 leading you to little hamlets of thatched cottages, ancient, 
 solitary farmhouses, picturesque old mills, streamlets, 
 pools, and all those quiet, secret, unexpected, yet strangely 
 familiar features of English scenery that Tennyson shows 
 us in his idylls and eclogues. These bypaths admit the 
 wayfarer into the very heart of rural life, and yet do not 
 burden him with a sense of intrusiveness, He has a 
 right to go whithersoever they lead him; for, with all 
 their shaded privacy, they are as much the property of 
 the public as the dusty highroad itself, and even by an 
 older tenure. Their antiquity probably exceeds that of 
 the Roman ways ; the footsteps of the aboriginal Britons 
 first wore away the grass, and the natural flow of inter- 
 course between village and village has kept the track bare 
 ever since.” 
 
 BisHop’s TacHBrooK.—This scattered and charmingly- 
 wooded village is about 2 miles to the south of Leam- 
 ington. Some of the houses have fronts of timber and 
 plaster. The Church, which is pleasantly situated, consists 
 of nave, aisles, chancel (with a vestry clumsily built against 
 its north side), and square tower at the west end: the 
 windows are mostly square-headed, with two trefoil lights. 
 
120 VICINITY OF LEAMINGTON. 
 
 The chancel has been rebuilt. A Norman doorway in 
 the wall of the north aisle has been built up, and the 
 wall is propped by three huge buttresses without any 
 ornamentation. 
 
 The interior is worthy of inspection. The modern 
 east window, in the Decorated style, is filled with good 
 painted glass representing the Ascension. On the right 
 of the chancel is a stately marble monument to the pious 
 memory of Sir Thomas Wagstaffe, who died in 1708, and 
 Dame Francis Wagstaffe, his wife, who died in 1706. On 
 the left of the chancel is a plainer one, to the memory of 
 Combe Wagstaffe, who died in 1667. A carved stone 
 pulpit stands in the nave. 
 
 At Bishop’s Tachbrook the tourist is about 3 miles 
 from the Roman camp of CHESTERTON. 
 
 KENILWORTH is 5 miles distant (p. 82.) 
 
 LILLINGTON, a pleasant hamlet a mile north-east from 
 Leamington, may be reached by a footpath through the 
 fields. The church, which originally belonged to the 
 monks of Kenilworth, is an ancient edifice, recently 
 restored and enlarged, and occupying a good site. It has 
 a good east window of painted glass. A stone in the 
 churchyard, to the memory of a man of the name of John 
 Trees, has this quaint and touching inscription :— 
 
 ** Poorly lived, 
 And poorly died ; 
 Poorly buried, 
 And no one cried.” 
 
 OrrcHuRcH.—The small and picturesque village of 
 Offchurch, about 3 miles east of Leamington, is said 
 to derive its name from Offa, King of the Mercians, who 
 had a residence on the present site of Offchurch Bury. 
 
VICINITY OF LEAMINGTON. 132i 
 
 The manor in the time of Edward the Confessor belonged 
 to Earl Leofric, who bestowed it upon the monks of 
 Coventry. At the Dissolution Offchurch was granted 
 by Henry VIII. to Sir Edmund Knightley, in whose 
 family the manor remained, till, by the marriage of Miss 
 Knightley, the last representative, with Lord Guernsey, it 
 came into the possession of that nobleman. Offchurch 
 Bury is a fine old Gothic mansion, in the style of various 
 periods, the earliest portions belonging to the time of 
 Henry VIII. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of 
 the Leam, and is surrounded by a park and grounds which 
 harmonise well with its imposing and venerable appear- 
 ance. A majestic chestnut tree, before the Gothic porch 
 of the mansion, is an object of general admiration. Its 
 spreading branches are capable of sheltering at least three 
 hundred persons. The village church, pleasantly situated 
 on an eminence, is dedicated to St. Gregory, and is an 
 ancient structure with nave, chancel, and square tower 
 containing four bells. The interior contains several good 
 monuments, Adjoining it is the parsonage-house, a 
 picturesque residence, with its grounds charmingly laid 
 out. 
 
 PRINCETHORPE, between 5 and 6 miles from Leaming- 
 ton, on the Rugby road, is the site of a Roman Catholic 
 nunnery. ‘This is a large building, containing 200 apart- 
 ments, and indicating taste in its construction and arrange- 
 ments. The grounds are pleasingly laid out. The nuns, 
 who are of the Benedictine order, took refuge in this 
 country at the time of the French Revolution. At first 
 they located themselves at Heath Hall in Yorkshire, then 
 at Orrell Mount in Lancashire, and subsequently they 
 purchased the ground at Princethorpe, where they erected 
 
122 VICINITY OF LEAMINGTON, 
 
 the present structure. Young ladies are also educated in 
 the institution. The chapel contains a costly altar made 
 at Rome. 
 
 At Stretton-on-Dunsmore,! a mile beyond Princethorpe, 
 there is a beautiful modern church, designed by Rickman. 
 
 STONELEIGH is about 4 miles to the north of Leaming- 
 ton, and 2 miles from Kenilworth. Before the Conquest, 
 and down to the time of Henry II., Stoneleigh was held 
 in demesne by the Crown. In 1154 an abbey of Cister- 
 cian monks was founded here, the monks removing to 
 this place from Radmore in Staffordshire. In subsequent 
 reigns many privileges were conferred on the monastery, 
 among which were a weekly market, annual fair, and 
 free warren. At the time of the survey in the reign of 
 Henry VIII. the annual revenue of the abbey amounted 
 to £151: 3:1. Onthe Dissolution it was bestowed on 
 Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, but subsequently passed 
 by purchase to Sir Thomas Leigh, alderman of London, 
 whose great-grandson, Sir Thomas Leigh, was created a 
 baron by Charles I. The first Sir Thomas erected a 
 mansion on the site of the abbey, incorporating with it 
 some of the monastic buildings. ‘The modern mansion 
 was built by Edward, Lord Leigh, about the middle of 
 last century. It stands in the midst of a beautiful park 
 of 371 acres, through which flows the river Avon. In 
 the new structure a considerable portion of the ancient 
 building has been preserved. The line of the first Lord 
 
 1 This place derives its name from its situation on the Fosse Way. The 
 manor now belongs to the Duke of Buccleuch, who keeps up the old custom 
 of collecting ‘‘ wrath-money” at Knightlow Stone, where there is aremnant 
 of an old cross. Representatives of many villages assemble there before 
 sunrise on 2d November to pay sums of money varying from 1d. to 2s. 6d. 
 to the Duke’s agent, by whom a substantial breakfast is provided for the 
 company, 
 
VICINITY OF LEAMINGTON. 123 
 
 Leigh terminated about the beginning of the present 
 century. ‘The title was, however, revived in 1835, in 
 the person of Chandos Leigh, Esq., who was created Baron 
 Leigh of Stoneleigh. 
 
 The VitLaGeE, which is richly embosomed in woods, 
 is situated on the bank of the small river Sow, a little 
 above its junction with the Avon, ‘There is a range of 
 -almshouses founded by Lady Alice Leigh, the wife of the 
 first Sir Thomas, and affording accommodation for ten 
 persons—five men and five women, unmarried. 
 
 The Church is large and picturesque, and contains many 
 remains of its original Norman architecture. The highly- 
 enriched doorway is a fine specimen of the Norman style, 
 and the architectural decorations of the chancel, discovered 
 in the course of alterations, and judiciously preserved, are 
 of the same order. The church contains several monuments 
 to members of the Leigh family. The most important of 
 these is a marble altar-tomb, erected by the Duchess 
 Dudley (daughter of Sir Thomas Leigh, and wife of Sir 
 Robert Dudley, son of the Earl of Leicester, who received 
 the title of Duke from the Emperor Ferdinand IL), to 
 herself and her daughter. It bears their recumbent figures 
 beneath a canopy.! 
 
 Just within the principal entrance there is a curious 
 old font, adorned with the figures of the apostles. 
 
 The AxpsBeEy, the seat of Lord Leigh, is delightfully 
 
 1 When her husband went abroad on failing to get his legitimacy acknow- 
 ledged, the Lady Alicia remained in England. Sir Robert did not go alone 
 on his travels; for, as Dugdale informs us, ‘‘ Elizabeth, the daughter of 
 Sir Charles Southwell, a very beautiful lady, went with him into Italy, 
 in the habit of a page, and there married him.” The Lady Alice died at 
 the age of ninety. Sir Robert never returned to England. He is described 
 
 as a man of great learning, as well as accomplished in knightly achieve- 
 ments, 
 
124 VICINITY. OF LEAMINGTON. 
 
 situated in a fine park, through which the Avon flows, 
 with its usual beauty and more than its usual breadth. 
 As has been said, it occupies the site of the ancient abbey, 
 of which there still remain the old gateway and a crypt, 
 which is a fine specimen of Norman ecclesiastical archi- 
 tecture. The gateway was erected by Robert de Hockele, 
 the sixteenth abbot, who died in 1349, and has on an 
 escutcheon over the arch the arms of Henry II., the 
 founder of the abbey. The family mansion has under- 
 gone changes and improvements at different times; and a 
 wing has recently been added, forming the grand entrance, 
 and opening into an extensive picture-gallery. The gar- 
 dens and pleasure-grounds are laid out with great taste. 
 
 The various apartments correspond in their style and 
 attractiveness with the beauty of the exterior. The Hall 
 is a splendid room, supported by eight Corinthian pillars, 
 four on either side, and ornamented with alto-relievos of 
 the labours of Hercules. The Chapel, which is profusely 
 ornamented with plaster-work, contains a fine altar-piece 
 of white marble, with a painting of the Descent from the 
 Cross. In another part of the chapel are the Crucifixion 
 by Albert Diirer, and the Virgin and Child by Perugino. 
 Among the valuable paintings with which this mansion 
 is adorned are portraits of Lord and Lady Leigh, by 
 Hayter ; Henry VIII., a valuable picture, by Holbein ; 
 Lord Byron, by Philips; Charles I., by Vandyke; the 
 King and Queen of Bohemia, by Gerard Horst ; two old 
 portraits of monks, probably inmates of the abbey ; and 
 specimens of Albert Diirer, Rembrandt, Cuyp, Wouverman, 
 Teniers, etc. 
 
 1 There is a footpath across the fields from Kenilworth Station to the 
 Abbey. 
 
VICINITY OF LEAMINGTON. 125 
 
 RADFORD SEMELE, about 2 miles east of Leamington, is 
 a village with over 500 inhabitants. In Domesday it is 
 mentioned as Redeford, and was called Semele or Simley 
 from its ancient possessors, who settled at it in the time 
 of Henry I. The first owner gave the church of St. 
 Nicholas to the monks of Kenilworth, who owned a great 
 part of the parish. 
 
 WHITNASH, a village about a. mile to the south of 
 Leamington, has a church with two old brasses and some 
 other monuments in the interior. The church contains 
 fourteen painted windows. The pulpit and panels on 
 either side of the east window were carved by an amateur, 
 Miss Agnes Bonham, There is a rather interesting old 
 house, with timber and plaster front, in the village. <A 
 visit to Whitnash may be combined with one to Bishop’s 
 ‘Tachbrook, previously described. 
 
 rig 
 om 
 LU Ua 1, 
 
 4. 2 
 
 RUINS OF PRIORY, KENILWORTH. 
 
126 NUNEATON, 
 
 NUNEATON AND ITS VICINITY. 
 
 Inns: Newdegate Arms, Castle, Bull. 
 
 From Birmingham, 29 miles ; Coventry, 10; Rugby, 14; Tamworth, 13 
 NuNrEaTon is a market-town of considerable antiquity. 
 A convent of nuns was founded at it in the reign of King 
 Stephen by Robert, Earl of Leicester, who liberally 
 endowed it. At the Dissolution the site was granted to 
 Marmaduke Constable, who still lies in effigy in the parish 
 church, The Roman road, Watling Street, is within 24 
 miles of the town. Malting is carried on, and there are 
 also blue and red brick and drain-tile works. Coal is 
 plentiful in the district, The population of the town in 
 1881 was 8465. 
 
 The town is well built, though somewhat irregular. 
 The CuurcH is a handsome building in the Decorated 
 style, with a lofty tower, and contains a number of good 
 monuments to the families of Stratford and Trotman, 
 and a white marble tomb in memory of Sir Marmaduke 
 Constable. There is a well-endowed FREE ScHoot, founded 
 in the reign of Edward VI. 
 
 The site of the Abbey is now occupied by St. Mary’s 
 CuHuRCcH, begun in 1878. It reproduces as nearly as 
 possible the old Abbey Church, the foundations of which 
 are preserved. 
 
 From Nuneaton the tourist may conveniently visit 
 Arbury Hall and Astley Castle, Fenny Drayton, Wedding- 
 ton Church and Caldecote. 
 
 ArsBuRY HAtt is rather more than a mile from the 
 Stockingford! station. This fine mansion is on the site 
 
 1 STOCKINGFORD is a small hamlet, possessing a church, which is mostly 
 modern. There is a circular doorway in the tower. 
 
VICINITY OF NUNEATON. 127 
 
 of a monastery founded for monks of the order of St. 
 Augustine in the reign of Henry II., and suppressed, like 
 all other institutions, in the reign of Henry VIII. The 
 site and possessions being purchased, in the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth, by Sir Edmund Anderson, that gentleman, as 
 Dugdale informs us, “ totally demolished the whole fabric 
 of the house and church, built out of their ruins a fair 
 structure, in a quadrangular form, and having done so, 
 passed it away, in exchange for other property, to John 
 Newdigate, Esq.” Sir Roger Newdigate, his descendant, 
 and founder of the Newdigate prize at Oxford, greatly im- 
 proved the building. Arbury Hall has been called the 
 “Strawberry Hill of Warwickshire.” Like Horace Wal- 
 pole’s famous villa, it has been altered to the Gothic style. 
 It stands in the centre of a noble park, finely ornamented 
 with wood and water. The approach on the north is 
 through a magnificent avenue. The four fronts are 
 different in design, but each is consistent with the plan 
 of the whole. The interiors of the principal apartments 
 are decorated in the Gothic style. The ceiling of the 
 Dining-Room is enriched with pendent ornaments, and 
 supported by taper pillars. This room is further adorned 
 with fine casts from the antique, under elaborate Gothic 
 canopies, and with the top of a Roman sarcophagus. The 
 Drawing-Room contains several whole-length family por- 
 traits, and the ceiling is adorned with armorial bearings, 
 The Saloon has a ceiling which is an elaborate imitation 
 of that of Henry VII’s Chapel, Westminster. The large 
 bay window of this apartment looks into the gardens, 
 which are extensive and tastefully laid out. A room 
 adjoining the Saloon contains a very curious and interest- 
 ing painting. It represents the achievements of John de 
 
128 VICINITY OF NUNEATON. 
 
 Astley, and consists of two central compartments and 
 eight smaller ones, four on each side, and displays two 
 combats (in both of which he was victorious), one in 
 Paris, in 1438, with a French knight, in the presence of 
 Charles VII., the other in London, in 1446, before Henry 
 VI., with a Spanish champion, This ancient painting 
 was removed to Arbury from Astley Castle, which is also 
 the property of the Newdigates of Arbury. 
 
 ASTLEY CASTLE, about a mile from Arbury, was long 
 the seat of the ancient and powerful family of Astley. 
 One member of this house fell at Evesham, fighting 
 against Henry III.; two were taken prisoners at Ban- 
 nockburn ; and John de Astley, the subject of the old 
 painting described above, was knighted by King Henry 
 VL., and rewarded with a pension, and subsequently with 
 the order of Knight of the Garter, for his military services. 
 Sir William de Astley was the last male of the family. 
 With his daughter the estate passed to the family of Grey. 
 Sir John Grey, a member of this family, was the husband 
 of Elizabeth Woodville, who, after his death, became the 
 Queen of Edward IV. Thomas, son of Sir John and 
 Elizabeth Woodville, was, through his mother’s influence, 
 created Marquis of Dorset. Henry, his grandson, third 
 Marquis, married Frances, eldest daughter of Charles 
 Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by Mary, daughter of Henry 
 VII. and Queen Dowager of France. Thus was brought 
 into the Grey family the claim of Mary to the English 
 throne, after the death of Edward VI., in the failure of 
 the male issue of the Brandons. This Marquis was raised 
 to the dukedom of Suffolk by right of his wife on the 
 failure of heirs-male. The result of the unfortunate in- 
 surrection of the Duke of Suffolk and Sir Thomas Wyatt, 
 
VICINITY OF NUNEATON, 129 
 
 with the view of raising Suffolk’s daughter, Lady Jane 
 Grey, to the throne, is sufficiently well known. For 
 some time after its suppression he lurked in concealment 
 in the woods of Astley, but was at length betrayed by a 
 forest-keeper for the sake of the reward offered for his 
 apprehension. He was executed on Tower Hill, 1554. 
 
 The castle is surrounded by a moat overshadowed with 
 fine trees. It contains some old armour, and several 
 paintings, among which is a portrait of the last Duke of 
 Suffolk, 
 
 The Church, dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, is a 
 building of some interest. It contains several ancient 
 monuments considerably defaced. Formerly it was nearly 
 twice its present. size, and cruciform in shape. It now 
 possesses only a nave and chancel, with a massive em- 
 battled tower surmounted by eight pinnacles, and con- 
 taining five bells. One of the buttresses of the tower 
 shows the date 1607. 
 
 ATTLEBOROUGH, a large village about half a mile south 
 .of Nuneaton, gives its name to an ecclesiastical parish, 
 and contains a church of the Holy Trinity in the Early 
 English style: There are large stone quarries in the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 BULKINGTON, 33 miles south of Nuneaton, was formerly 
 in the possession of the family of De-La Zouch, of whose 
 castle no vestige now remains. The church, which be- 
 longs to the 15th century, contains some fine tablets by 
 Richard Hayward, an amateur sculptor, including a font 
 carved out of a fragment of ancient Numidian marble 
 brought from Rome. Weston Hall, in the neighbour- 
 hood, is in the Elizabethan style, and was built of the 
 stones of the old castle. 
 
 ~ 
 
 K 
 
130 RUGBY. 
 
 CaLDECOTE Hatt, 2 miles from Nuneaton, was in 
 1642 bravely defended by George Abbott, the son of the 
 Archbishop, against Prince Rupert and Maurice. The 
 Hall has been demolished. In Caldecote Church there is 
 a monument to Abbott. 
 
 Fenny Drayton, in Leicestershire, 3 miles north-east 
 of Nuneaton, is noted as the birthplace of George Fox, 
 the founder of the Society of Friends. 
 
 WenppINGTON, a little to the north of Nuneaton, is 
 worthy of a visit on account of a picture in the church of 
 the Crucifixion by Vandyke. 
 
 RUGBY. 
 
 Hotels: Royal, George, Eagle, Temperance, Three Horse Shoes, 
 From Birmingham, 30 miles; Leamington, 15; Coventry, 11; London, 83; 
 
 York, 137. 
 Ruasy is situated on a slope above the south side of the 
 Avon, not far from the eastern border of the county. In 
 Domesday Book it is called Rocheberie ; roche, as Dugdale 
 remarks, signifying a rock or quarry of stone, and berie, a 
 court or habitation of note. Nothing is known of the 
 town previous to the time of Edward the Confessor, but 
 the existence of several barrows in the immediate neigh- 
 bourhood, and of earthworks, now nearly obliterated, 
 would seem to indicate that at a very early period it was 
 a place of some importance. Whatever may have been 
 its consequence in earlier times, it seems to have been of 
 small consequence at the Conquest, when it belonged to 
 Turchill de Warwick. Near the town is an eminence 
 called Castle Mount, from its having been formerly the 
 site of a castle, probably one of those erected in haste by 
 
RUGBY. Sl 
 
 King Stephen, and demolished by order of Henry II. In 
 March 1645 Oliver Cromwell was quartered in Rugby 
 with a large body of troops,and in 1691 William ITI. passed 
 through it on his way to Ireland before the battle of the 
 Boyne. 
 
 The town is well built, and exhibits many signs of 
 growth and prosperity. In 1831 the population amounted 
 to only 2501; while in 1881 it had reached 9891, the 
 inhabited houses numbering 1851. There are no manu- 
 factures of importance. For the important horse and 
 cattle fairs accommodation has been provided on ground 
 near the station, secured in 1878, and fitted up at a total 
 cost, including the purchase, of £10,000. 
 
 Ruaspy ScHooL was founded in 1569 by Laurence 
 Sheriff, a grocer of London, a native either of Brownsover 
 or Rugby, who endowed it with estates in the neighbour- 
 hood of Rugby and London. It was not till 1653 that 
 the full endowment was obtained. The original building, 
 which stood opposite the parish church, was taken down 
 in the beginning of the century. The present structure 
 is in the Elizabethan style, from a proper regard to the 
 period of its original erection and the memory of its 
 founder, and is constructed of white brick, the angles, 
 cornices, and dressings being of Attleborough stone. The 
 principal front, which is towards the south, extends 220 
 ft. Of Rugby school as it was in the days of Dr. Arnold, 
 a graphic account has been supplied in Tom Brown’s School 
 Days. It has been recently greatly improved and ex- 
 tended. New schoolrooms with their various offices were 
 built in 1868, and form two sides of the Quadrangle, of 
 which the chapel and the “Old Big School” fill up the 
 other two. The accommodation is ample, and includes a 
 
133 RUGBY. 
 
 sick- house, a covered racquet-court, and a collection of 
 Eton five courts, a cricket pavilion, a school workshop, 
 and agymnasium. The chapel, with the exception of two 
 bays and the porch at the west end, has been entirely 
 rebuilt. The structure now extends to 132 ft. in length. 
 Double transepts have been thrown out on each side, and 
 a tower 105 ft. high and 223 ft. square, terminating in 
 an octagonal lantern, with a timber spire, has been built 
 above the choir space. The east window originally be- 
 longed to a monastery in Flanders, and formed part of 
 the old structure, having been gifted to the chapel by Dr. 
 Arnold. Its stained glass, by Albert Diirer, represents 
 the Adoration of the Wise Men. Four windows have 
 been filled up in memory of the late Dr. Cotton, Bishop 
 of Caleutta.! Various memorial windows of the old chapel 
 
 1 Rugby School can boast of a long list of illustrious men educated 
 within its walls. Among the twenty-five gallant Rugbeians commemorated 
 in the windows mentioned above are Sir J. W. Adams, who was killed at 
 Inkermann, and Hodson of ‘‘ Hodson’s Horse,” who fell in the Indian 
 mutiny. Of an earlier period are Field-Marshal Lord Combermere ; Major- 
 General John Mansel, and his son Major J. C. Mansel—the former of whom 
 was killed in 1794, while leading his heavy brigade to storm a French bat- 
 tery, and the latter wounded and taken prisoner in the same charge ; Sir 
 Ralph Abercrombie, the victor of Alexandria ; Major-General Skerratt, who 
 fell while leading the storming party of Bergen-op-Zoom in 1814, and Gen- 
 eral the Earl of Carysford, who distinguished himself in the same bloody 
 struggle; Colonel Miller, who led the Enniskillens at Waterl:o ; and Cap- 
 tains Holbeche and Biddulph, who charged side by side with him. Many 
 other noted names of soldiers might be mentioned did our space allow of 
 it. In the navy occur the names of Admiral F. W. Fane, and Captains 
 Lord Proby and the Hon. Harry Gray. 
 
 There is a goodly array of men of letters :—Edward Cave, originator of 
 The Gentleman's Magazine ; Thomas Carte, the historian ; John Parkhurst, 
 author of a valuable Hebrew Lexicon, and other works; William Bray, a 
 distinguished antiquarian, joint author with Oliver Manning of the History 
 of Surrey ; Walter Savage Landor ; Thomas Hughes, author of Tom Brown’s 
 School Days; and Matthew Arnold, critic and poet, the son of the famous 
 headmaster. Four Rugbeians have become bishops—Dr. Legge and Dr. 
 Bagot of Oxford, Dr. Otter of Chichester, and Dr. Cotton of Calcutta ; and 
 
RUGBY. 133 
 
 have been preserved and inserted in the new one. Two, 
 called respectively the ‘‘Crimean” and the “ Indian,” 
 have been erected in honour of Rugbeians who fell in 
 the Crimean and Indian wars. A marble slab in the 
 pavement marks the grave of Dr. Arnold. Several 
 - mural and other monuments have been erected in the 
 interior. 
 
 Among the eminent headmasters of Rugby School, Dr. 
 Arnold is universally held in the highest estimation. He 
 was elected in 1827, and—though appointed Professor of 
 Modern History at Oxford, 1841—continued at Rugby 
 until his death in 1842. Among his successors may be 
 named the Rev. Dr. Archibald Campbell Tait, late Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury; the Rev. Frederic Temple, D.D., 
 Bishop of Exeter; Dr. Jex-Blake, etc. 
 
 The annual revenue of the school from its endowments 
 amounts to about £5650, of which sum £255: 8s. are bestowed 
 on the tenants of Laurence Sheriff’s almshouses. The total sum 
 divisible between the headmaster and the assistant-masters is 
 a little over £20,000. The headmaster’s salary from all sources 
 is said to average £2957. The salaries of the classical assistants 
 range from £1617 to £340 (five having over £1400, and the 
 eight remaining ranging downwards from £870). The mathe- 
 matical assistants have £1412, £647, and £586 ; and the modern 
 language assistants £1234 and £286. 
 
 The usual number of boys in the school is from 400 to 500. 
 Of these 50 or 60 are upon the foundation. About 70 pupils 
 board in the school-house under the superintendence of the 
 
 from the lengthy list of clergymen it is sufficient to select the names of 
 Archdeacon Churton and Dean Stanley. Among physicians few names of 
 their time will rank higher than those of Sir Henry Halford and Sir Charles - 
 Locock. In the legal profession we find the names of Mr. Justice Coltman, 
 Mr. Justice Vaughan, and Lord Selborne. To the list of eminent Rug- 
 beians must also be added the name of W. C. Macready, the celebrated 
 
 actor. 
 
T34 RUGBY. 
 
 headmaster; the others board with the different masters or 
 with friends in the town. 
 
 No boy above sixteen can enter, unless qualified for the upper 
 fifth form ;.and no boy is allowed to remain after completing 
 his nineteenth year. The necessary expenses of a boy attending 
 Rugby School amount to £5 : 5s. entrance-fees, and £90:18:9 
 for board and education annually. There are certain optional 
 charges for private tuition in mathematics (£10: 10s. annually, 
 entrance £1:1s.); modern languages and laboratory instruc- 
 tions (each £6: 6s.); natural philosophy (£5: 5s.); drawing, 
 music, drill (each £4: 4s.) ; and dancing (variable). A founda- 
 tioner pays about £19 less than the above charges; and, should 
 he not board at the school, there is the further deduction of the 
 boarding-house charge (£58 : 14 : 3). 
 
 The management is vested in twelve trustees, who are gentle- 
 men connected with the district. The benefit of the foundation 
 was originally confined to Rugby and the four neighbouring 
 parishes. In 1777, however, an Act of Parliament was obtained 
 to extend it to places within 5 miles. 
 
 In the same year seven exhibitions of the annual value of £40 
 each were established. By 1826 these exhibitions had increased 
 both in number and in value, there being then twenty-one of 
 the yearly value of £60 each, tenable for seven years at either 
 Oxford or Cambridge. Important alterations were in 1854 made 
 in the arrangements connected with these exhibitions. Under 
 the sanction of the Charity Commissioners, the term of their 
 tenure was limited to four years, and their value varied to cor- 
 respond with the varying merits of the candidates to whom they 
 are awarded. Five of these are now given annually, the highest 
 being £80 and the lowest £40. They are open to the competi- 
 tion of all members of the school without preference to any part 
 of the United Kingdom. 
 
 The exhibitions are awarded to the boys most proficient in 
 divinity, classics, mathematics, and history. The examiners are 
 appointed by the vice-chancellors of the universities. There are 
 also scholarships of £30 and £20 for three years instituted by 
 the masters. The system of fagging exists in this school, but 
 to a limited extent, and under proper control. 
 
RUGBY. 135 
 
 The CuurcuH of St. ANDREW, originally dependent on 
 Clifton-on-Dunsmore, brtt formed into a separate parish 
 in the reign of Henry VIII., was entirely rebuilt in 1879 
 in the Decorated style at a cost of £20,000. 
 
 St. MarrHew’s CuurcH, in the Early English style, 
 but frequently restored, is situated in the centre of the 
 town. It is said to have been partly built of stone taken 
 from the ruins of the castle already referred to. In the 
 churchyard may be seen some quaint epitaphs. 
 
 Hoty Trinity CHuron, erected in 1854, from the 
 design of Sir Gilbert Scott, in the Early English and De- 
 corated styles, is situated on the outskirts of the town near 
 the station. It consists of nave, aisles, transepts, chancel, 
 with aisle on the south side, and a handsome tower rising 
 _ from the intersection. The interior is very tasteful, and 
 there are several fine windows filled with stained glass. 
 
 St. Marie's Roman CatHoLic CHuRCH is a handsome 
 stone building in the Decorated style. The body of the 
 church is very lofty, having an open timbered roof with 
 clerestory windows. At the end of the south aisle is the 
 Hibbert chantry, and at the end of the north aisle the 
 Wilberforce chantry, each enclosed with open carved 
 screens. In the grounds of the church is the college of 
 St. Marie, for the education of the novices of the Institute 
 of Charity. 
 
 LAURENCE SHERIFF'S ALMSHOUSES are opposite the 
 parish church. The Town Hall and covered market, 
 opened in 1858, includes a large assembly room and the 
 Rugby Institute. The Hospital in Castle Street, dating 
 from 1869, has recently been enlarged, 
 
 Ruesy also possesses a Charity School and Almshouses, 
 founded and endowed by Richard Elborow, Esq., in 1707. 
 
136 VICINITY OF RUGBY. 
 
 VICINITY OF RUGBY. 
 
 BILTon is about 2 miles from Rugby. On the pictur- 
 esque village green may be seen the stocks, in excellent 
 condition. Beside them is part of a stone pillar, much 
 defaced—perhaps the pillory. 
 
 The Church is a handsome edifice, with a graceful spire. 
 The daughter of Joseph Addison is interred in the chancel, 
 but without any monumental inscription. 
 
 Bilton Hall has been rendered classic by the residence 
 of Addison, who purchased it and the estate in 1711, in 
 anticipation of his marriage with the Countess Dowager 
 of Warwick. On his taking up his residence here the 
 poet Somerville addressed to him a complimentary epistle 
 in verse, in which the following couplet occurs :— 
 
 ‘* When panting virtue her last efforts made, 
 You brought your Clio to the virgin’s aid.” 
 
 Dr. Johnson remarks that this couplet is “ written with 
 the most exquisite delicacy of praise; it exhibits one of 
 those happy strokes that are seldom attained.” 
 
 Addison was married in 1716. The union is said to 
 have been an uncomfortable one, but possibly the story 
 was an idle rumour. He died in London in 1719, and 
 was buried in Westminster Abbey. He left one child, a 
 daughter, who resided at Bilton Hall, and died unmarried 
 at the age of 79. 
 
 The mansion is spacious but irregular. In construction 
 it is of different periods, the oldest and largest portion 
 bearing marks of the style of architecture common about 
 the time of James I. The remainder of the building, 
 being of the style which prevailed in the beginning 
 
VICINITY OF RUGBY. 137 
 
 of the 18th century, may have been erected by Addison 
 himself. 
 
 The gardens retain much of the old formal character, 
 being laid out principally in straight lines. A long walk 
 on the north side is called “‘Addison’s Walk,” there being 
 a tradition that this was his favourite retreat. 
 
 CuurcH LAWFORD is a small village 4 miles north-west 
 from Rugby. The Church has some Norman work. This 
 parish is worthy of the attention of the geologist on account 
 of the discovery in the diluvial deposit of many bones of 
 the elephant and rhinoceros, as well as some of the hyzena. 
 “‘The diluvial bed,” observes Dr. Buckland, “is imme- 
 diately incumbent on stratified beds of las, and is composed 
 of a mixture of various pebbles, sand, and clay, in the 
 lower regions of which, where the clay predominates, the 
 bones are found at the depth of 15 ft. from the surface. 
 They are not in the least mineralised, and have lost 
 almost nothing of their weight or animal matter.” 
 
 A short distance from Church Lawford is the hamlet of 
 Newnuam Recis, or Kina’s NewnuHAM, where there is a 
 weak chalybeate spring, extolled for its virtues by both 
 Camden and Speed, and still in some request. 
 
 At Lirrte Lawrorp, in the parish of NEWBOLD-on- 
 Avon (the church of which has some monuments to 
 members of the Boughton family), about a mile from 
 King’s Newnham, stood till 1790 a residence of the 
 Boughtons. This mansion was the scene of the murder 
 of Sir Theodosius Boughton by his brother-in-law, Captain 
 John Donellan, in 1780. This murder, which excited a 
 great sensation at the time, is the foundation of one of Mr. 
 G. P. R. James’s novels. 
 
 Cuurcn Over, 44 miles north-east from Rugby, has 
 
138 VICINITY OF RUGBY. 
 
 near it a large tumulus, by the side of the Watling Street, 
 which here forms the eastern boundary of the county, 
 There can be little doubt that the tumulus is Roman:! 
 The Church has in its interior several monuments of the 
 Dixwell family. 
 
 CLIFTON, 2 miles east from Rugby, was the birthplace, 
 in 1686, of Thomas Carte, a distinguished antiquary and 
 historian. He died in 1754. The Church contains a 
 massive mural tablet to Orlando Bridgeman of date 1721. 
 
 The hamlet of Newton, about a mile distant, was the 
 birthplace (1691) of Edward Cave, the designer and original 
 publisher of the Gentleman’s Magazine. The magazine, 
 which was commenced in 1731, and at once achieved a 
 remarkable success, is now the oldest in the kingdom. 
 Cave died in 1754. 
 
 DuncuHuRcH, 2 miles to the south of Rugby, possesses 
 a handsome Church in the Decorated style, with a well- 
 proportioned tower. There is an ancient porch on the 
 south side of the building. The east window was restored 
 and filled with fine painted glass about thirty years ago, 
 by Lord John Scott, the proprietor of the manor. In the 
 church is a curious monument with marble folding-doors 
 to preserve the inscription. It is to the memory of 
 Thomas Newcombe, King’s printer, and founder of an alms- 
 house near the church. The village also contains a Free 
 School, founded in 1707 by Francis Boughton, of Causton 
 House ; and Almshouses, founded by Thomas Newcombe, 
 printer to Charles IT., James II., and Wilham ILI., on land 
 granted by Ralph, Earl of Montague. 
 
 1 Two miles farther south on the same road, but on the Northampton- 
 
 shire side of the boundary, are the extensive remains of the Roman station 
 of Tripontiwm (Dowbridge, near Lilbourne). 
 
“ SOLIHULL. 139 
 
 GRANDBOROUGH, 3 miles south of Dunchurch, is one of 
 the twenty-four towns that Leofric, Earl of Mercia, gave 
 to the priory at Coventry when he founded it in 1041. 
 The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a large and hand- 
 some building in the Decorated style, and has lately been 
 restored. It has a tower and spire of fine proportions, 
 and a musical peal of bells. 
 
 WILLouGHBY, 3 miles south of Dunchurch and 5 south- 
 east of Rugby, possesses saline and sulphurous springs 
 which are much frequented. Roman coins, mosaic pave- 
 ments, and other relics, have been discovered in the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 SOLIHULL AND ITS VICINITY. 
 
 Inns: George, Lion, Mason’s Arms, 
 
 From Birmingham, 7 miles; Warwick, 144. 
 
 SOLIHULL is a quiet country town, picturesquely irregular 
 in arrangement. Before the Conquest it bore the name 
 of Uverlei or Wolverley, and possessed a church, no 
 vestiges of which now remain. 
 
 The CaurcH of St. ALPHEGE is a large and elaborate 
 structure, consisting of nave, aisles, chancel, transepts, and 
 spire. It is of different dates and styles, but possesses 
 sufficient features of interest to repay examination. The 
 spire is a not very happy imitation of the original one, 
 which was blown down in 1745. A chantry, now used 
 as a vestry, was built in the reign of Edward I. Beneath 
 it there is a groined crypt. The principal monument is 
 that to the Holbeche family. A commodious PuBLic 
 HALL was erected in 1876 at a cost of over £2000. 
 
140 VICINITY OF SOLIHULL. 
 
 Solihull possesses several good schools. It was here 
 that the poets Shenstone and Jago received their education 
 under the tuition of the Rev. Mr. Crumpton ; and com- 
 menced the friendship which lasted throughout their lives. 
 
 Solihull is within walking distance of Knowle and 
 Temple Balsall, while 2 miles to the north is the hamlet 
 of Olton, where are the extensive earthworks and moat of 
 a castle, said to have been erected by Ralph de Limesie, 
 one of the ancient possessors of the manor of Solihull. 
 
 HAMPTON-IN-ARDEN, 3 miles east of Solihull, possesses 
 a church in the Saxon and Norman styles, erected in the 
 reign of Henry II. The old manor-house of the Arden 
 family is partly included in a farmhouse to the west of 
 the churchyard. The new mansion of Hampton Hall was 
 ‘ built by the Right Hon. Sir Frederick Peel, son of Sir 
 Robert Peel, and is in the castellated style. 
 
 KNowLE is 3 miles from Solihull, on the Warwick 
 road. The country through which the road lies is in 
 some places very picturesque, this being particularly the 
 case in the neighbourhood of Malvern Hall, which is 
 passed on the right shortly after leaving Solihull. Knowle 
 is a small and irregular but pleasant village. The Church 
 is of considerable beauty and antiquity. It is dedicated 
 to St. John and St. Anne, and was erected in the time of 
 Richard II. by Walter Cooke, Canon of Lincoln, who also 
 in the following reign founded a chantry and guild, and a 
 college of chantry priests. The church contains a splendid 
 carved oak screen, several sedilia within embellished re- 
 cesses, and some oak stalls with grotesque carvings. In 
 the entrance porch the poor’s box is recommended to 
 notice by a somewhat curious allegorical group, the gift, 
 as an inscription states, of Antony Holbeche,1717. “The 
 
VICINITY OF SOLIHULL. 141 
 
 Midland Counties” Asylum for Idiots, founded in 1872, 
 is situated at Knowle. 
 
 TEMPLE BALSALL or BALSALL, about a mile and a half 
 from Knowle, is a hamlet and chapelry in the extensive 
 parish of Hampton-in-Arden. In the reign of Richard II. 
 it was bestowed by Roger de Mowbray upon the Knights 
 Templars. These religious knights originally had their 
 residence near the temple of Jerusalem, and devoted them- 
 selves to the protection of Christian pilgrims who visited 
 the Holy Land. Coming to England in the reign of Henry 
 IL, they built their first mansion in Holborn, London, in 
 1118, and removed to Fleet Street or the New Temple in 
 1184. The knights obtained valuable grants of land in 
 various parts of this county, as well as elsewhere. They 
 erected a church in this place, and a preceptory, or cell, 
 to their principal mansion. The Knights Templars were 
 formally dissolved in the reign of Edward IL, and, their 
 estates bestowed on the Knights Hospitallers, who remained 
 in possession of them till the Dissolution. Queen Eliza- 
 beth bestowed the manor on her favourite, Robert Dudley, 
 Earl of Leicester.’ Lady Catherine Leveson, Leicester’s 
 erand-daughter, by her will devoted the manor to the 
 foundation of a hospital for indigent females, the present 
 annual income of which is £2500. 
 
 The Church, which is scarcely at all changed from its 
 original appearance when erected 700 years ago, is an 
 admirable specimen of the Decorated style, is 104 ft. 
 long, 39 wide, and 57 high, and is an entire and undivided 
 apartment, without aisles or galleries. The chancel differs 
 from the body of the church merely by being three steps 
 above its level. The great east window is very lofty, and 
 consists of five lights, the mullions being adorned with 
 
142 VICINITY OF SOLIHULL. 
 
 exquisite carvings. On either side of the church are three 
 windows, enriched with beautiful tracery, the two in the 
 centre being the finest. There is also a very lofty window 
 of five lights at the west end, surmounted by a fine mari- 
 gold window of twelve compartments. The entrance to 
 the church is under this window; and here, below the 
 cornice, is a row of ten heads of excellent workmanship, 
 In the chancel there are three sedilia, displaying some 
 delicately-carved foliage. An octagonal piscina, now placed 
 in the centre of the church, is used as a font. The exterior 
 is interesting. The present roof is evidently lower than 
 the original, and the square bell-tower at the north-east 
 corner is, partly at least, more modern than the rest of the 
 building. The building was restored in 1849 by Sir 
 Gilbert Scott, but it has undergone little essential change 
 since its foundation. 
 
 The Hall, or Refectory, of the Knights Templars (near 
 the church), though now made use of as a barn, contains 
 some interesting traces of its ancient possessors. It has 
 been 140 ft. long, and seems to have been framed entirely 
 of timber. An apartment called the Parlour is adorned 
 with emblazoned shields, probably taken from the roof of 
 the hall, or of some ancient building now destroyed. 
 
 The Almshouses, endowed by Lady Catherine Leveson, 
 are devoted to the reception of indigent widows or 
 unmarried females. 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. Pas 
 
 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 Hotels: The Shakespeare; The Falcon ; and The Red Horse. 
 
 From Warwick, 13} miles (by rail); 8 by road; Birmingham, 26} ; 
 Oxford, 474; London, 94. 
 SPRATFORD-oN-Avon, the birthplace of Shakespeare, is 
 situated on the south-western border of the county, on a 
 gentle ascent from the river Avon. Three centuries before 
 the Conquest a monastery existed here, which remained 
 under the bishops of Worcester till the year 1549, when 
 it was made over to John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, in 
 exchange for some lands in Worcestershire. That noble- 
 man was beheaded for high treason, and ultimately the 
 manor of Stratford was conferred by Charles II. on the 
 Earl of Dorset and Middlesex, in whose family it, and the 
 
144 STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 
 
 patronage of the vicarage, still remain. During the Parlia- 
 mentary wars an unimportant conflict took place in the 
 neighbourhood, in which Lord Brooke first put the royalists 
 to flight, but had afterwards to retire on their returning 
 in great force, with Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles L., 
 at their head. The queen on this occasion resided at New 
 Place, the former abode of Shakespeare, and the home, at 
 this time, of Shakespeare’s grand-daughter. -The town 
 suffered severely from fire in the reign of Elizabeth, and 
 again in 1614, when fifty-four houses were destroyed in 
 less than two hours. The only other notable events in the 
 history of Stratford are the famous jubilee of 1769,} 
 originated and directed by David Garrick; the purchase of 
 Shakespeare’s house for the British nation in 1847 ; and 
 the tercentenary jubilee held in 1864.? 
 
 The particulars of the life of Win~tIAM SHAKESPEARE, 
 so far as it has been possible to ascertain them, are too well 
 
 1 The idea of the jubilee originated with David Garrick, who, on being 
 asked to give a benefit at his theatre for the raising of funds for the erection 
 of a statue of Shakespeare in the niche in the north front of the town hall, 
 just rebuilt (1768), entered into the proposal with enthusiasm. The idea 
 of celebrating a jubilee at Stratford occurred to him ; and being thoroughly 
 approved of by the Corporation, it was fixed for the autumn of the follow- 
 ing year. Stratford and the surrounding villages could scarcely afford 
 accommodation to the multitudes of persons of rank and genius who re- 
 paired hither. The jubilee lasted three days. In a magnificent amphi- 
 theatre, erected on the banks of the Avon, capable of holding at least a 
 thousand spectators, the company dined together, and held assemblies, a 
 masquerade, and other entertainments. 
 
 2 The three-hundredth anniversary of Shakespeare’s birthday was by 
 common consent celebrated throughout Great Britain and her colonies, 
 and indeed more or less throughout the civilised world. Special promi- 
 nence was naturally given to the event at Stratford, where the jubilee was 
 in many of its features analogous to that of 1769. The late Earl of Carlisle 
 presided at the banquet, and delivered an eloquent address. The proceeds . 
 of the jubilee, which were to have been devoted to the erection of a monu- 
 ment to Shakespeare and the founding of scholarships in the grammar 
 school, unfortunately did not meet its expenditure. 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 145 
 
 known to require to be recounted here. It is sufficient 
 for our purpose to mention the leading dates and facts. 
 He was born in the little house in Henley Street in April 
 1564. His father, who was a wool-comber, rose to be high 
 bailiff and chief alderman of Stratford, but afterwards fell 
 into poverty. William was the eldest son, and about the 
 year 1571 was sent to the endowed Grammar School of 
 his native town, where, as is abundantly evidenced by 
 the references in his plays, he must have received a good 
 classical education. That he was a precocious and adven- 
 turous youth may be inferred from the fact that he mar- 
 ried in his eighteenth year, the licence being dated 28th 
 November 1582. Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare’s wife, was 
 seven years older than her husband. Susanna, the poet’s 
 favourite daughter, was born in 1583, six months after the 
 marriage. The following year, twins, a son and a 
 daughter, named Hamnet and Judith, were added to his 
 family. Shakespeare, having, it is said, excited against 
 himself the anger of Sir Thomas Lucy by his poaching 
 adventures and his scurrilous verses, went to London 
 some time before 1592, and became a member of the Lord 
 Chamberlain’s company of actors. His progress to fame 
 and fortune was rapid and uninterrupted. He acted in 
 two plays before Queen Elizabeth in 1594, and some time 
 before this had published his Venus and Adonis and 
 LIwuerece. He was one of the leading actors in Burbage’s 
 troupe, but whether he was a partner is doubtful. At all 
 events, whether by his acting, his plays, or his share of 
 the profits as a theatrical lessee, he gained money sufficient 
 to enable him, in 1597, to purchase New Place, in his native 
 town, and again in 1605 he made another considerable pur- 
 chase of property. Although the success of his plays en- 
 L 
 
146 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 abled him to withdraw from the stage, there is every reason 
 to suppose that he continued writing to the close of his life. 
 The concluding years of his life were spent in plenty. 
 He died in his house, New Place, on his birthday, 23d 
 April 1616, in the fifty-third year of his age. On 25th 
 April he was buried in the chancel of Stratford church. 
 His son Hamnet had died in 1596, and his daughters 
 Susanna and Judith inherited his property, the former 
 receiving the larger share, including New Place. Susanna, 
 in 1607, married Dr. Hall—“ medica celeberrimus arte,” 
 as his tombstone tells us. She had only one child, 
 Elizabeth, who, by her second marriage, became the wife 
 of Sir John Barnard. On the death of Lady Barnard, 
 without issue, the property was in part sold, and in part 
 bequeathed to Thomas Hart, the grandson of Shakespeare’s 
 sister. Judith, Shakespeare’s second daughter, married 
 Thomas Quincy, a substantial tradesman, styled “‘ gentle- 
 man” in the Stratford Register. She left no children. 
 Among other notable persons born in this town may be 
 mentioned John Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury in 
 the reign of Edward III., who died in 1348; Ralph 
 Stratford, his kinsman, who was consecrated Bishop of 
 London in 1339, and died in 1355; Robert Stratford, 
 brother of the archbishop, Bishop of Chichester, and Chan- 
 cellor of Oxford and of all England, died 1362; and 
 Hugh Clopton, mercer, and Lord Mayor of London, 
 builder of the stone bridge over the Avon at Stratford. 
 The population of Stratford, at the census 1881, was 
 8054, and the inhabited houses 1701. The area of the 
 borough was extended in 1879, but apart from this, the 
 increase of population since 1851 has been considerable, 
 owing chiefly to the extension of railway communication 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 147 
 
 and the consequent improvement of trade. The occupa- 
 tions of the inhabitants are mostly agricultural. The 
 town is well built, and still possesses a few picturesque 
 old houses, 
 
 SHAKESPEARE’S House.—The birthplace of Shakespeare 
 is naturally the first spot in Stratford to which the tourist 
 turns his steps. It is situated in Henley Street, and 
 though externally much altered still retains an antique 
 appearance. Originally an old faded inscription on a 
 board over the projecting window on the ground-floor 
 bore this inscription—“ The immortal Shakespeare was 
 born in this house ;” but among other improvements this 
 signboard has been removed. The house, humble though 
 it may appear now, must have been one of some import- 
 ance at the time of its erection. Like many other ancient 
 houses it was subdivided, though the exact date when 
 this was done has not been clearly ascertained. One half 
 of the building was known as the “ Maidenhead Inn” as 
 early as 1642. Its name was subsequently changed into 
 the “Swan,” and more recently into the “Swan and 
 Maidenhead.” The other half was long used as a butcher’s 
 shop, and was divided, previously to 1807, into two 
 parts, the shop and a dwelling-house. It is the half 
 originally used as a butcher’s shop which, according to 
 the universal tradition of the town, and in the opinion of 
 almost all writers on the subject, was the birthplace of 
 William Shakespeare. The early history of this property 
 has been investigated with great diligence by the various 
 commentators of Shakespeare. It descended to Shake- 
 speare from his father. In his last will and testament the 
 poet bequeathed “the house, with the appurtenances, in 
 Stratford, wherein she dwelleth, for her natural life,” to his 
 
“SNOILVUALIV OL SNOIATUd (LOST VOUID) TSAOH S$ AUVaAdSAMVHS 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 149 
 
 sister Joan, the wife of William Hart. This evidently 
 refers to the part of the building subsequently used as a 
 butcher’s shop. The whole property was conveyed by his 
 will to his eldest daughter Susanna Hall, whose daughter, 
 Lady Barnard, dying without issue, left it to the descendants 
 of William Hart, with whom it remained till 1806, when 
 it was sold to Thomas Court, the landlord of the Maiden- 
 head, The birthplace of Shakespeare was again exposed 
 for sale in 1847, when, in consequence of a powerful 
 appeal made to the feelings of the nation by the public 
 press, prompt and vigorous measures were taken to raise 
 funds to secure for the nation this inestimable relic. On 
 the evening preceding the day of sale the national agents 
 offered a bidding of £3000 ; and on the day of sale it was 
 eventually knocked down to them for a little more than 
 that sum. Thus, on the 16th of September 1847, Shake- 
 speare’s house became the property of the British nation. 
 The trustees elected to take charge of the property were, 
 the late Earl of Carlisle (then Lord Morpeth), the late 
 Mr. Amyot, Mr. Payne Collier, and Dr. Thomson of Strat- 
 ford. In connection with the history of Shakespeare’s house 
 it is perhaps worthy of note that John Shakespeare, Esq., 
 of Langley-Priory, near Ashby-de-la-Zouch (who thought 
 he was related collaterally to the poet), devised £3000 to 
 secure the preservation of the house, but the bequest was 
 annulled by law. This object has, however, been accom- 
 plished by a Shakespeare Fund, established 1861. 
 
 -On three days of the week the admission fee is 6d. 
 each person for the house, and 6d. for the museum. In 
 May 1883 it was resolved that on the other three days 
 of the week no charge should be made, It is not open 
 on Sunday. 
 
150 STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 
 
 On entering Shakespeare’s house the tourist first examines 
 the apartment on the ground-floor, which has a very ancient 
 and somewhat dreary aspect. It has the ample fireplace 
 of the olden times, The stranger seldom lingers long to 
 inspect this apartment, and the small room that it opens 
 into behind, for he is informed that in the room upstairs, 
 reached by a wooden winding staircase, Shakespeare was 
 born. It is little changed from the time when the poet 
 first opened his eyes on the light within it. Everything 
 is ancient, and everything is preserved with the most 
 scrupulous care. The furniture is old, but evidently not 
 so old as Shakespeare’s time ; but the room itself has all 
 the marks of the antiquity which is claimed for it. The 
 ceiling is low and its walls rough and bare ; its fireplace, 
 too, can scarcely be of a later date than the time of Queen 
 Elizabeth. Probably this apartment had an air of much 
 greater comfort when it was the residence of John Shake- 
 speare and his descendants, for the walls of the higher class 
 of houses were frequently covered with heavy arras. The 
 walls and ceiling are dark with a million pencilled auto- 
 graphs. Pilgrims of all countries and all ranks have here 
 inscribed their names ; and these signatures, as Washington 
 Irving observes in his charming paper in the Sketch- 
 Book, ‘‘present a simple but striking instance of the 
 spontaneous and universal homage of mankind to the 
 great poet of nature.”! Among other names scratched on 
 
 1 Some lines written on the wall of this apartment by Washington 
 Irving in 1821, but long ago obliterated, have been preserved by a corre- 
 spondent of the London Standard :— 
 
 ‘‘Of mighty Shakespeare’s birth the room we see, 
 That where he died in vain to find we try ; 
 
 Useless the search—for all immortal he, 
 And those who are immortal never die. 
 
 WASHINGTON IrnvinG. Second visit, October 1821.” 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. : 151 
 
 the glass of the window may be seen that of Sir Walter 
 Scott. The tourist will be able to find in the “ visitors’ 
 book,” and on various parts of the walls where they are 
 not yet obliterated by vulgar names, the signatures of 
 many of the most illustrious men and women of the age. 
 In the room adjoining that in which Shakespeare was born 
 is a fine oil-painting of the poet, presented by the late 
 Wn. Oakes Hunt, town-clerk of Stratford. This is sup- 
 posed to be a genuine portrait. A part of the house has 
 been set apart as a Musewm of Shakespearian relics, includ- 
 ing everything illustrative of the life of the poet and of the 
 time in which he lived. The bibliographical collection is 
 general, embracing copies of the oldest folio editions of 
 his works extant, and of all books bearing on the subject 
 of Shakespearian literature. 
 
 The tourist, on leaving Shakespeare’s house, should step 
 into the garden, which is carefully kept, and ingeniously 
 planted with the particular flowers alluded to in the 
 poetry of Shakespeare. 
 
 STRATFORD CoLLEGIATE CHuRCH.—The spot which 
 next claims the notice of the tourist is the grave of 
 Shakespeare, in the parish church. This sacred edifice, — 
 dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is picturesquely situated 
 on the bank of the Avon. The approach to it is through 
 a beautiful avenue of lime-trees. The church, which is 
 of large dimensions and unusual beauty, consists of nave, 
 aisles, transepts, and chancel, a square tower, adorned 
 with battlements and pinnacles, and surmounted by a 
 graceful spire rising from the intersection to a height of 
 163 ft. Dugdale says regarding this church that it is 
 “‘of a very ancient structure, little less than the Con- 
 queror’s time, as I guess by the fabric of the tower steeple ; 
 
fox STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 but part thereof besides hath been rebuilt at several 
 times.” We have the records of some of these alterations. 
 John de Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, rebuilt the 
 south aisle at his own expense, in the reign of Edward 
 III. This same prelate had, in 1332, founded a chantry 
 in the chapel of Saint Thomas the Martyr, adjoining the 
 south aisle. His nephew, Ralph de Stratford, Bishop of 
 London, subsequently erected a large and comimodious 
 dwelling for the residence of the chantry priests on the 
 west side of the churchyard. At the Dissolution, in the 
 reign of Henry VIII., the College was suppressed, like 
 all similar foundations. The building itself, which was 
 granted to John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, passed through 
 several hands, until, in 1796, it came into the possession 
 of Mr, Edward Battersbee of Stratford, who pulled it 
 down in 1799, when it was still “‘capacious, handsome, 
 ’ The College had been, since the Dissolution, 
 the residence of various families of note, particularly of 
 the Combes. John &4 Combe, Shakespeare’s friend, resided 
 here, and there can be no doubt that the bard often 
 partook of his hospitality within the building thus 
 
 and strong.’ 
 
 ruthlessly destroyed. 
 
 Other alterations were made on the church in the 
 reigns of Edward IV. and Henry VII. The present spire 
 was erected in 1764, and replaced a timber steeple covered 
 with lead, and about 42 ft. high, which had been taken 
 down the preceding year. The lofty octagonal tower was 
 taken down and rebuilt with the old material in 1867. 
 
 The church is in various styles. The chancel is Per- 
 pendicular, possessing a good east window in this style, of 
 seven lights. On either side it has five windows of four 
 lights each. The transepts have two Early English 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. Pas 
 
 windows on their east and one on their west sides. Their 
 large windows are Decorated, and of five lights. The 
 tower has on each side two Early English lights within a 
 circular-headed recess, and in the course above a round 
 window, the tracery of which is mostly gone. In the 
 north side of the tower there is a small round-headed arch 
 in the range below the Early English lights, The win- 
 dows of the north aisle of the nave, five in number, are 
 Decorated, the two next the transept being uniform in 
 size and ornamentation; the third similar in style, but 
 not so high; and the fourth still smaller, and less grace- 
 ful in its tracery. The fifth window on this side has been 
 almost obliterated by the porch. The windows of the 
 south aisle, also, are not uniform in size or style. The 
 three farthest west are of the same size and style, the 
 middle one being somewhat different in its tracery; the 
 next is nearly round-headed, with three trefoil lights 
 rising close to its arch; the other ismuch smaller, There 
 is a fine clerestory range of twelve windows on either side. 
 The west window is of nine lights, and is a fine specimen 
 of the Perpendicular style. 
 
 The interior of the church is in all respects worthy 
 of the exterior. The principal entrance is by the porch 
 at the north-west end of the church, approached by the 
 fine avenue already mentioned. The Nave is separated 
 from its aisles on either side by six pointed arches rising 
 from graceful hexagonal columns. Above these arches, 
 again, is the clerestory range, both sides having twelve 
 Decorated windows of three lights each. In the North 
 Aisle, which is referred by some writers to the reign of 
 Edward IL, are some interesting monuments, chiefly of 
 the Clopton family. These occupy the space at the east 
 
154 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 end of the aisle which was formerly a chapel dedicated to 
 the Virgin Mary. The most ancient of the tombs is an 
 altar-shaped one, under a pointed arch on the south side 
 of this chapel, and having no vestige of either effigy or 
 inscription, This is supposed to be the tomb of Sir Hugh 
 Clopton, Lord Mayor of London in 1492, who bestowed 
 upon Stratford its fine stone bridge. Opposite this is 
 another altar-tomb, bearing the recumbent effigies of 
 William Clopton and Anne his wife. The male figure 
 is in armour, with a lion at his feet. The magnificent 
 tomb of George Carew, Earl of Totness and Baron of 
 Clopton, and of Joice his countess, eldest daughter of 
 William Clopton already mentioned, is between these 
 tombs, and against the east end. The figures of the Earl 
 and his countess, fashioned of alabaster, and coloured after 
 life, lie under a Corinthian canopy highly ornamented. 
 An inscription on the tomb gives an account of the 
 services and honours of this earl. He held office under 
 Queen Elizabeth, James I, and Charles L, and died 
 without issue in 1629. 
 
 The South Aisle has also had its chapel and altar at 
 its east end, dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket. In the 
 wall here are three sedilia, the canopies of which were 
 restored about twenty years ago in accordance with their 
 original design. 
 
 In the Zransepts there are several monuments. The 
 south transept has an altar-tomb against its west wall to 
 the memory of Richard Hill, alderman. The date of the 
 death of this worthy is not recorded on his tomb, but the 
 register shows it to have been in 1593. The inscription 
 on this monument is in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and English. 
 The English verses may be quoted :— 
 
‘STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 155 
 
 Heare borne, heare lived, heare died, and buried heare, 
 Lieth Richarde Hil, thrise bailif of this borrow ; 
 
 Too matrones of good fame he married in Godes feare, 
 
 And now releast in joi, he reasts from worldlie sorrow. 
 
 Heare lieth entomb’d the corps of Richarde Hil, 
 A woollen draper beeing in his time ; 
 
 Whose virtues live, whose fame dooth flourish stil, 
 Though hee desolved be to dust and slime. 
 
 A mirror he, and paterne mai be made 
 
 For such as shall suckcead him in that trade ; 
 He did not use to sweare, to glose, eather faigne, 
 His brother to defraude in barganinge ; 
 
 Hee woold not strive to get excessive gaine 
 
 In any cloath or other kind of thinge ; 
 
 His servant, S. I. this trueth can testifie, 
 
 A witness that beheld it with mi eie. 
 
 The Latin inscription to the memory of Nathaniel 
 Mason, an eminent attorney of this town, was composed 
 by the poet Somerville. 
 
 The Chancel is regarded as the most perfect and beauti- 
 ful part of the fabric. It was erected by Thomas Balsall, 
 D.D., Dean of Stratford, between 1465 and 1491. Dean 
 Balsall died in the latter year, and a curious but sadly 
 defaced monument in the altar shape, within the com- 
 munion-rail, marks his tomb. 
 
 But that which gives a world-wide interest to this chan- 
 cel and to the church is THE GRAVE oF SHAKESPEARE. 
 It is a few paces from the wall in front of his famous 
 monument, which is about 5 ft. .from the ground, and 
 nearly over Dean Balsall’s tomb, already mentioned. It 
 is covered by a plain flagstone, and bears the often- 
 quoted inscription :— 
 
156 - STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 GOOD FREND, FOR IESVS SAKE FORBEARE, 
 TO DIGG THE DVST ENCLOASED HEARE 5 
 BLESTE BE YE MAN YT SPARES THES STONES, 
 AND CVRST BE HE YT MOVES MY BONES. 
 
 Though this stone does not bear the name of Shakespeare, 
 
 ' i : i 
 
 MONUMENTAL BUST. 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 157 
 
 there can be no doubt that it covers the spot consecrated 
 by his ashes. We have Sir William Dugdale’s testimony 
 to this effect, in his Antiquities of Warwickshire, first pub- 
 lished in 1656, only forty years after the death of Shake- 
 speare. There is abundant internal evidence in the lines 
 engraved on the tombstone that Shakespeare could not have 
 been their author. Mr. De Quincey observes truly that 
 they are “ below his intellect no less than his scholarship.” 
 The Monumental Bust, the only really trustworthy and 
 original representation of the poet, is placed under an 
 arch, between two Corinthian columns of black marble. 
 The entablature contains the arms of Shakespeare, and 
 various monumental devices. Mr. Britton gives the 
 following description of the bust :—‘‘The bust is the 
 size of life; it is formed out of a block of soft stone, 
 and was originally painted over in imitation of nature. 
 The hands and face were of flesh colour, the eyes of a 
 light hazel, and the hair and beard auburn; the doublet 
 or coat was scarlet, and covered with a loose black gown 
 or tabard, without sleeves; the upper part of the cushion 
 was green, the under half crimson, and the tassels gilt.” 
 The poet is represented with a pen in his right hand, and 
 his left resting on a scroll. On the tablet beneath the 
 bust are the following inscriptions :— 
 
 Jvdicio Pylivm, genio Socratem, arte Maronem, 
 Terra tegit, popvlvs mzeret, Olympvs habet. 
 
 (In judgment a Nestor, in genius a Socrates, in art a Virgil, 
 The earth covers him, the people mourn for him, Olympus has 
 him.) 
 
 STAY PASSENGER, WHY GOEST THOV BY SO FAST? 
 
 READ, IF THOV CANST, WHOM ENVIOVS DEATH HATH PLAST 
 WITHIN THIS MONVMENT, SHAKSPERE, WITH WHOME 
 QVICK NATVRE DIDE; WHOSE NAME DOTH DECK YS TOMBE 
 
158 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 FAR MORE THAN COST}; SITH ALL YT HE HATH WRITT 
 LEAVES LIVING ART BVT PAGE TO SERVE HIS WITT 
 
 Obiit ano Doi. 1616. Aitatis 53, die 23 Ap. 
 
 The sculptor of this monument was Gerard Johnson. 
 The tradition of Stratford is that it was copied from a 
 cast after nature. It is mentioned by Digges in his verses 
 prefixed to the first edition of Shakespeare, in 1623 ; so 
 that it must have been erected within seven years after 
 the poet’s death! The original colours were preserved 
 till 1793 ; when, at the request of Mr. Malone, the whole 
 was covered with a coating of white paint. Malone’s con- 
 duct in this matter has been often and deservedly con- 
 demned. We quote the severe lines which his bad taste 
 induced a visitor to inscribe in the album :— 
 
 ‘* Stranger, to whom this monument is shown, 
 Invoke the poet’s curse upon Malone ; 
 Whose meddling zeal his barbarous taste betrays, 
 And daubs his tombstone as he mars his plays !” 
 
 In 1861 the white paint was removed, and the original 
 colouring carefully restored. 
 By the side of Shakespeare, and nearer the north wall, 
 
 1 An engraved head of Shakespeare faces the title-page of the folio 
 edition of his works in 1623. It is by Martin Droeshout, a Dutchman, 
 and has opposite it some lines by Ben Jonson, which testify to its being a 
 correct likeness— 
 
 ** The figure that thou here seest put, 
 It was for gentle Shakespeare cut ; 
 In which the Graver had a strife 
 With Nature, to out-doo the life. 
 Oh! could he but have drawn his Wit 
 As well in Brasse, as he has hit 
 His Face, the Print would then surpasse 
 All that was ever writ in Brasse. 
 But since he cannot, Reader, looke 
 Not on his Picture but his Booke.” 
 
 The engraving referred to resembles the Stratford bust as nearly asa picture, 
 in the state of the art at that time, could be expected to resemble a statue. 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 159 
 
 les his wife, Anne Hathaway, who died in 1623. Her 
 tombstone bears the following epitaph :— 
 
 HEERE LYETH INTERRED THE BODY OF ANNE, WIFE 
 OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, WHO DEPTED THIS LIFE THE 
 6 DAY OF AVGV: 1623 BEING OF THE AGE OF 67 YEARES. 
 
 Vbera tu mater, tu lac, vitamq. dedisti : 
 Vae mihi, pro tanto munere saxa dabo. 
 
 Quam mallem Amoueat lapidem bonus Angels, oré 
 Exeat christi corpus imago tua: 
 
 Sed nil vota valent ; venias cito, Christe, resurget 
 Claus licet tumulo mater, et AstrA petet. 
 
 On the other side is buried his favourite daughter, 
 Susanna Hall. She died in 1649,aged 66. Some verses 
 originally inscribed on her tombstone, but obliterated to 
 make room for the record of a certain Richard Watts, have 
 been restored from the copy of them preserved by Dug- 
 dale. They give an engaging picture of the excellencies 
 of Shakespeare’s beloved daughter :— 
 
 Heere lyeth ye body of Svsanna wife to Iohn Hall gent: ye 
 daughter of William Shakespeare, gent: Shee deceased yé ijth 
 of iuly A®. 1649, aged 66. 
 
 Witty above her sexe, but that’s not all, 
 Wise to salvation was good Mistris Hall. 
 Something of Shakespeare was in that, but this 
 Wholy of him with whom she’s now in blisse. 
 
 Then, Passenger, hast ne’re a teare, 
 
 To weepe with her that wept with all? 
 
 That wept, yet set her selfe to chere 
 
 Them up with comforts cordiall. 
 
 Her love shall live, her mercy spread, 
 
 When thou ha’st ner’e a teare to shed. 
 
 Here are also buried Judith, Shakespeare’s younger 
 daughter, and Dr. Hall, Susanna’s husband, and Eliza- 
 beth, his only child and Shakespeare’s grand-daughter. 
 
160 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 Another tomb in the chancel is deserving of particular 
 notice. Itis a splendid marble monument to the memory 
 of John Combe, the friend of Shakespeare. There is a 
 tradition that this man was a great usurer; and some 
 satirical lines are even recorded as having been written 
 on him by Shakespeare. The whole story is in itself ex- 
 ceedingly improbable. The majestic figure reclining on 
 this tomb cannot be that of a miser ; and it is an absurd 
 libel to suppose Shakespeare guilty of writing lines which, 
 it has been truly said, “‘ would have disgraced a Thames 
 waterman.” 
 
 Adjoining the chancel on the north side, and accessible 
 by an ornamented doorway, was a capacious vault, built 
 in the plain Saxon style, supposed by some to have been 
 part of the ancient monastic institution, It had formerly 
 been used as a charnel-house, and contained an immense 
 quantity of human bones. In 1800 the great collection 
 of human fragments was carefully covered over, and the 
 building demolished. 
 
 This notice of Stratford church cannot be more appro- 
 priately concluded than by a few eloquent sentences from 
 Washington Irving’s description, already referred to :— 
 “The mind refuses to dwell on anything that is not con- 
 nected with Shakespeare. ‘This idea pervades the place : 
 the whole pile seems but as his mausoleum. The feelings, 
 no longer checked and thwarted by doubt, here indulge 
 in perfect confidence ; other traces of him may be false 
 or dubious, but here is palpable evidence and absolute 
 certainty.” 
 
 New Puace.—After visiting the two chief shrines of 
 Stratford, the tourist will naturally turn his steps to New 
 Place, the literary sanctum of Shakespeare’s later days. 
 
——— 
 
 —— 
 
 NEW PLACE AS REPRESENTED BY IRELAND. 
 
 (Said to have been copied from an old drawing by Robert Treswells in 1599, and found in Clopton House in 1786.) 
 
162 STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 
 
 The mansion which existed here was purchased by him in 
 1597, when he was 33 years of age. It was a brick and 
 timber building of the reign of Henry VII. ‘‘ Any one,” 
 says Mr. Bellew, “who has visited Coventry, Chester, 
 Shrewsbury, or the Mint at Bristol, will be able, in his 
 mind’s eye, to picture the general appearance of New 
 Place, with its multiplied gables, its overhanging eaves, 
 its barge-boards, ete. The house was then rather more 
 than one hundred years old, and would probably be re- 
 paired and remodelled ; but, whatever it was, no remnant 
 nor drawing! of it remains, Here, however, it is known 
 that he spent the latter eighteen years of his life, and 
 composed the majority of his plays. Here also he died, 
 23d April 1616, his reputed birthday, and 53d year of 
 his age, shortly after the house had been the scene of the 
 wedding festivities of his daughter Judith. After this 
 event New Place became the property of his daughter 
 Susanna, then Mrs, Hall, from whom it passed to her only 
 child, Lady Barnard. She dying without issue, it was 
 sold, in 1675, to Sir Edward Walker, and thereafter passed 
 by marriage into the Clopton family (the original owners 
 circa 1490) one of whom, Sir Hugh, pulled down Shake- 
 speare’s house and built a new one in its place. This was 
 about 1720-30, at which time therefore perished this most 
 interesting edifice. The perpetrator of this irretrievable 
 disaster died in 1751, and two years afterwards, 1753, 
 the property was acquired by the Rev. Francis Gastrell, 
 who cut down the famous mulberry tree that grew in the 
 garden, and had been planted by Shakespeare’s own hand. 
 
 3 Ireland’s view, given on the previous page, is from his work upon the 
 
 Avon, and was produced in 1814. Itis, unfortunately, as entirely fictitious 
 as it is unskilful in its pasteboard-like uniformity of frontage. 
 
NVId-CNQOUD 
 
 "a0VId MON AO DONAGISAA S$ @UvVadssorv WS 410 
 
 #774 OO e Aad 007 
 
164 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 This tree was naturally a special object of curiosity, and 
 under its boughs Sir Hugh Clopton had entertained Gar- 
 rick and his friends in 1749. The greater part of the 
 wood was bought by Thomas Sharp, a watchmaker of 
 Stratford, who manufactured it into relics, which met with 
 a ready and profitable sale. Among these is the Shake- 
 speare chair, now in the possession of Baroness Burdett 
 Coutts. Twelve rings made out of the wood were also 
 manufactured for the jubilee of 1769. Some years later 
 (1759) Mr. Gastrell razed the New Place of 1720-30 to 
 the ground, in consequence of a peevish umbrage he had 
 taken at being too highly assessed for poors-rates, In 
 1759, as Mr. Wheeler relates, Gastrell “left Stratford in 
 the dead of night, amidst the rage and curses of its in- 
 habitants.” Eventually, in 1861, the estate was secured 
 by Mr. J. O. Halliwell Phillips by means of funds sub- 
 scribed for the purpose, and it is now vested in the Cor- 
 poration for behoof of the public. A few traces of the 
 original foundations remain, and the surrounding ground 
 is well kept. 
 
 The Capen or tHE Horny Cross, called also the 
 Guild Chapel, is opposite New Place. This interesting 
 edifice was founded in 1269 by Robert de Stratford, 
 father of John de Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 and Robert de Stratford, Bishop of Chichester,. The 
 members of the Guild were originally of the rule of St. 
 Austin ; but Henry IV. granted them the privilege of 
 forming a fraternity “in honour of the Holy Cross and 
 St. John the Baptist.” Their first master was Robert de 
 Stratford, and under his presidency the chapel was founded, 
 No part of the original structure now remains. The 
 chancel was rebuilt about the year 1450, and the rest of 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 165- 
 
 the edifice was taken down and rebuilt towards the end 
 of the reign of Henry VII. by Sir Hugh Clopton. In 
 1804, during the repairs which the interior was under- 
 going, a series of paintings in fresco were discovered upon 
 its walls. These were much injured, and could not be 
 preserved on account of the nature of the repairs.| Those 
 in the chancel represented the “ Invention,” or finding of 
 the Holy Cross by the Empress Helena, mother of Con- 
 stantine, and the “ Exaltation” of the Cross, or Constan- 
 tine’s public entrance with it into Jerusalem, Over the 
 arch at the east end of the nave were paintings of the 
 Resurrection and the Day of Judgment ; and at the west 
 end were representations of the death of Thomas 4 Becket, 
 and St. George and the Dragon, The building is in the 
 Decorated style. 
 
 The Guitp Hatt adjoins the chapel on its south 
 side. This building was erected at the same time as 
 the Chapel of the Holy Cross, and for the use of the 
 brethren of that guild,’ but has, lke it, undergone 
 many alterations since the date of its foundation. When 
 this guild was suppressed at the Dissolution, the property 
 was at first taken by the Crown, but subsequently (1553) 
 bestowed on the newly-incorporated borough of Strat- 
 ford, The hall is used by the Corporation for public 
 business. 
 
 The GRAMMAR SCHOOL occupies the upper story of 
 the Guild Hall. This institution was founded in the 
 reign of Henry VI. by Thomas Jolepe, a native of 
 Stratford and a member of the guild. The only 
 qualifications for admission to this school are, that the 
 
 1 They were copied in colours, and published in Fisher's Antiquities of 
 Warwickshire, with descriptions by Nichols. 
 
166 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 boy be seven years old, able to read, and resident in 
 Stratford. There can be no doubt that Shakespeare 
 received his education here. The school-room prob- 
 ably presents much the same appearance that it wore 
 when he was one of its scholars. Part of a desk said 
 to have been used by him is still preserved in The 
 Museum. 
 
 Contiguous to the Guild Hall are the ALMsHouUsss, 
 originally founded by the guild for twenty-four poor 
 persons, and continued in their benevolent use by the 
 Corporation on becoming possessed of the property and 
 revenues in 1553. Twelve poor men and as many poor 
 women are supported here. 
 
 The Town Hatt is in the High Street, not far from 
 New Place. It is of the Tuscan order of architecture, 
 and was erected in 1768, on the site of an earlier 
 building, which dated from 1633. In 1769, the year of 
 the jubilee, it was dedicated to Shakespeare by Garrick, 
 who presented to the Corporation the fine statue of 
 the bard which stands at the north end. Shakespeare 
 is represented as leaning on a pillar and pointing toa 
 scroll, on which are engraved his own beautiful lines in 
 Midsummer Nights Dream, descriptive of the Poet.- 
 The pedestal bears the equally well-known words from 
 
 Hamlet— 
 ‘Take him for all in all, 
 We shall not look upon his like again.” 
 
 The interior is adorned with portraits of Shakespeare, by 
 Murray ; Garrick, by Gainsborough ; Queen Anne, and 
 the Duke of Dorset. The building underwent extensive 
 improvements in 1863 and 1876. 
 
 The foundation-stone of the SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL 
 
=~ 
 
 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 167 
 
 THEATRE, in the Elizabethan style, was laid by Lord 
 Leigh, in April 1877, the total cost being over £20,000, 
 in addition to a free site. The building includes a library 
 and picture-gallery. 
 
 SHAKESPEARE'S CREST, 
 
168 VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 
 
 Ir is scarcely necessary to say that the country round 
 Stratford is rich in scenes of beauty and interest. The 
 devout admirer of the poet will find many a spot which 
 Shakespeare’s presence has made a shrine for all time. 
 Even the scenes in this neighbourhood which no tradition 
 associates with his name partake somewhat of the same 
 charm ;' for it was amid these scenes that Shakespeare’s 
 boyish life was spent, and among them he wandered 
 when, having achieved greatness and fortune, he returned 
 to his native town to spend in peaceful retirement his 
 closing years. 
 
 The Avon, independently of the associations which 
 have made it world-famous, possesses features of quiet 
 loveliness that would entitle it to notice. Above Strat- 
 ford it is particularly remarkable for its aspect of peaceful 
 beauty. Shakespeare seems to have been referring to 
 this, his native stream, in the following lines in The 
 Two Gentlemen of Verona, so accurately do they note the | 
 characteristics of the Avon :— 
 
 “The current, that with gentle murmur glides, 
 Thou know’st, being stopped, impatiently doth rage ; 
 But, when his fair course is not hindered, 
 He makes sweet music with the enamelled stones, 
 Giving a gentle kiss to every sedge 
 He overtaketh in his pilgrimage ; 
 And so, by many winding nooks he strays, 
 With willing sport to the wild ocean. 
 Then let me go, and hinder not my course ; 
 T’ll be as patient as a gentle stream, 
 
VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 169 
 
 And make a pastime of each weary step, 
 
 Till the last step hath brought me to my love ; 
 
 And there Ill rest, as, after much turmoil, 
 
 A blessed soul doth in Elysium.”’—(Act ii. scene 7.) 
 
 The banks of the stream are here shaded by fine old 
 willows, which were doubtless alluded to by the poet in 
 his account of the death of Ophelia, beginning— 
 “There is a willow grows ascaunt the brook, 
 That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream.” 
 (Hamlet, Act iv. scene 7.) 
 
 “ All the great natural features of the river,” says Mr. 
 Charles Knight, ‘‘must have suffered little change since 
 the time of Shakespeare. Inundations in some places may 
 have widened the channel ; osier islands may have grown 
 up where there was once a broad stream. But we here 
 look upon the same scenery upon which he looked, as 
 truly as we gaze upon the same blue sky, and see its 
 image in the same glassy water.” 
 
 The Avon rises at Avonwell, near Naseby, in North- 
 amptonshire, and flows, with many windings, in a 
 south-westerly direction through Warwickshire and Wor- 
 cestershire, till it joins the Severn at Tewksbury, on the 
 northern border of Gloucestershire. In its course through 
 this county, the Avon, besides the numerous picturesque 
 villages which are scattered on its banks, flows through 
 the noble park of Stoneleigh, expands into a beautiful 
 lake-like pool at Guy’s Cliff, washes the base of Warwick 
 Castle, winds through the grounds of Charlecote, for ever 
 classic from its associations with Shakespeare ; then, after 
 many a turning, it flows in a broad and placid stream 
 past Stratford, lingeringly skirting the site of the poet’s 
 grave ; and, before passing from the county, wanders be- 
 
170 VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 side some pleasant hamlets and secluded country nooks 
 which tradition connects with the poet’s name. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of Stratford is 
 
 ALCESTER (Inns: Angel, Swan), a small market-town 
 —pop. 2430—near the western boundary of the county, 
 at the junction of the Arrow and Alne, and about 
 74 miles from Stratford. Its name, its position on 
 the Icknield Street, and the discovery of numerous 
 vestiges of Roman art, make it sufficiently evident that 
 this was a Roman encampment. Among the remains 
 of the Romans found here are bricks, foundations of 
 buildings, and coins, Urns have been frequently dug 
 up, containing calcined human bones or ashes. It is 
 recorded that a general synod was held here early 
 in the 8th century. The manor was granted by 
 Henry I. to Sir Robert Corbet, but subsequently passed 
 into the possession of the Greville family. A monastery 
 was founded-here in 1140 by Ralph Boteler, on an 
 insulated spot, surrounded partly by the river Arrow 
 and partly by a moat. The building has long dis- 
 appeared, and only the moat and the nanie of the 
 site, the ‘‘ Priory Close,” remain to tell where it once 
 stood. 
 
 The principal source of employment in Alcester is the 
 manufacture of needles, which affords occupation to a 
 large number both of men and women. There are also 
 implement works, and some brick-making is carried on. 
 
 The Church contains several interesting monuments. 
 The oldest of them bears the recumbent effigies of Sir 
 Fulke Greville (father of the celebrated Lord Brooke) 
 and his wife. A monument to the Marquis of Hertford 
 bears his recumbent figure in Chantrey’s best style. 
 
VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. Ltt 
 
 There are also some old brasses. On the screen is a fine 
 piece of oak carving originally brought from Warwick 
 Castle. : 
 
 In the Market-Hall, an ornamental building reared 
 on a colonnade (used by the market-people), the Mar- 
 quis of Hertford, as lord of the manor, holds his courts. 
 
 The other noticeable buildings are a Free School, 
 founded in the reign of Elizabeth by Walter Newport ; 
 some almshouses, and a workhouse. 
 
 On the western bank of the Arrow, at a short distance 
 from the town, a farmhouse marks the site of Beau- 
 champ’s Court, the ancient seat of the Beauchamps and 
 Grevilles. Here, in 1554, was born Fulke Greville, 
 Lord Brooke, author of the Life of Sir Philip Sidney, and 
 of many graceful poems, and a liberal patron of letters. 
 He was murdered in 1628, and is interred in the chancel 
 of St. Mary’s Church, Warwick, under a stately monu- 
 ment erected by himself. 
 
 Two miles north of Alcester is Coughton Manor, a 
 building of considerable antiquity. The estate came by 
 marriage into the Throckmorton family in the reign of 
 Henry IV., and with them it still continues. The man- 
 sion was erected about the time of Henry VIII. The 
 parish church is adorned with stained glass, said to have 
 been brought from Evesham Abbey, and contains some 
 interesting monuments of the Throckmorton family. 
 
 The Marquis of Hertford’s noble seat of Ragley Park 
 is about 2 miles south-west of Alcester. The house was 
 built by Lord Conway about the middle of last century, 
 but has been altered by the late Marquis of Hertford, 
 under the direction of Wyatt, and recently by the present 
 Marquis, at a cost of £30,000. The entrance-hall is 
 
172 VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 splendid in its proportions and exquisite in its embellish- 
 ments. Different apartments contain fine portraits and 
 other paintings, as well as other costly and elegant works 
 of art. The park contains majestic oaks and other wood, 
 and a large and picturesque lake. 
 
 ALDERMINSTER is a small village on the high-road 
 between Stratford-on-Avon and Shipston-on-Stour, about 
 4 miles south of Stratford-on-Avon. The ancient Church 
 of St. Mary was given to the monastery of Pershore 
 in 1193, 
 
 Arrow is a small village 2 miles south of Alcester, 
 and in the neighbourhood of Ragley Park, on the Arrow 
 strean. The Church of the Holy Trinity is an ancient 
 structure, consisting of nave, chancel, north aisle, and 
 chancel aisle. The latter was built by Admiral Meynell 
 in memory of his aunt the Marchioness of Hertford. There 
 are a number of good stained glass windows; a piscina in 
 the chancel, and a tomb-slab of Sir Gerald de Cam- 
 ville, who was buried in 1305, having on it a Maltese 
 cross. 
 
 Aston CAntTLow is a small town about 4 miles east 
 of Alcester, and 4 north-west of Stratford-on-Avon. It 
 derives its name from William de Cantelupe, who, in 
 King John’s reign, obtained for it a charter for a market 
 and a yearly fair. The church, which has a fine em- 
 battled tower containing five bells, was built about the 
 13th century. In the chancel there are a piscina and 
 sedilia, and in the nave a very curious old font. 
 
 ATHERSTONE-ON-STOUR is situated on both sides of the 
 Stour, about 3 miles south of Stratford-on-Avon. In 
 the time of Edward III. the manor was held in capite by 
 John Langley by a pair of gilt spurs, and at that time a 
 
VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 173 
 
 court leet was held there. The ancient church has been 
 rebuilt; the more ancient portions being, however, in- 
 cluded in the present structure, 
 
 BARTON-ON-THE-HEATH, about 10 miles south of Strat- 
 ford-on-Avon, and 54 south of Shipston-on-Stour, possesses 
 _an ancient church dedicated to St. Lawrence, containing 
 a chancel arch and south doorway in the Norman style. 
 The tower has a saddleback roof, and in the porch is 
 what is supposed to have been a leper’s window. In the 
 neighbourhood is the “Four-shire Stone,” where the 
 counties of Gloucester, Oxford, Warwick, and Worcester 
 meet. The Cotswold games, so celebrated in the reigns of 
 James I. and II., and referred to by Drayton, Johnson, 
 and others, were instituted by Robert Dover, an attorney 
 of the village. 
 
 About 2 miles to the south of Ragley Park is the 
 village of Brprorp, which has a church, with some 
 remains of Norman work, picturesquely situated on the 
 sloping bank of the Avon, There are the remains of an 
 ancient cross in the churchyard. The Falcon Inn, near 
 the church, is pointed out as the scene of the “ drinking 
 bout” between Shakespeare and his companions and the 
 “ Bidford Association of Sippers.” 
 
 BisHoPtTon, 2 miles from Stratford, possesses a mineral 
 spring. An analysis of the water was published in 
 1744, but it was not till the year 1840 that it was 
 prominently brought before public notice. In that year 
 the pump-room and other buildings having been com- 
 pleted, the well was formally opened to the public. By 
 permission of her Majesty it was named the “ Victoria 
 Spa.” The following is an analysis of an imperial pint 
 of the water :— 
 
174 VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 Specific gravity, 1004°6. 
 
 Sulphuric acid. ; : , 14°38 grains. 
 
 Muriatic acid : ; 2 ,  -OGeaan 
 
 Carbonic acid . ; . . VAs6ee 
 
 Soda . : : ; ; o 14 eaeee 
 
 Magnesia . > ; j . 2 byOGseiee 
 
 Lime . : F ; ’ :, ab segs 
 AT 18, 
 
 Medical authorities state that ‘‘a course of the Stratford 
 waters will be found useful in certain disorders of the 
 stomach, in slighter affections of the liver, in cases of 
 gravel, and those pseudo-rheumatic and gouty pains which 
 persons with long-deranged digestion are so apt to have 
 superadded to their other sufferings.” 
 
 The position of this spa is pleasant and retired. The 
 buildings include a range of baths of the usual kinds. 
 There is here a modern chapel, erected on the site of a 
 more ancient structure. 
 
 CHARLECOTE, indissolubly associated with the name of 
 Shakespeare, is 4 miles distant. Leaving Stratford by the 
 great stone bridge, originally built by Sir Hugh Clopton 
 in the reign of Henry VII., and taking the road which 
 turns to the left, the tourist passes the pleasant villages of 
 Tippineton and Atveston—the latter of which Dr. 
 Parry, on account of its salubrity, pronounced the Mont- 
 pelver of England. Its church is modern; but in the old 
 churchyard is a fragment of the original edifice, exhibiting 
 some rude sculpture of a very grotesque description. Pur- 
 suing the main road past Alveston to a distance of nearly 
 4 miles from Stratford, a cross road, branching off to the 
 left, skirts Charlecote Park, and affords a view of the 
 ancient family mansion of the Lucys. The park is exten- 
 
VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 175 
 
 sive, finely wooded, and well stocked with deer. The 
 house was erected by Sir Thomas Lucy in the beginning 
 of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It continued with little 
 alteration till the late George Lucy, Esq., made various 
 improvements, which gave evidence of a correct taste. 
 The approach to the mansion is through a spacious but 
 heavy gatehouse of brick, with small turrets at the sides. 
 The house is a brick building in the Elizabethan style, 
 and probably has much the same aspect which it had at 
 the time of its erection. 
 
 Justly or unjustly, Sir Thomas Lucy has been dignified 
 by Shakespeare with an immortality of ridicule as Justice 
 Shallow, Shakespeare, as the story runs, had on one or 
 two occasions made free with the knight’s deer, a fault for 
 which Sir Thomas visited him with relentless persecution. 
 The future poet revenged himself by a ballad, said to be 
 his first effort in verse. Only one stanza has been pre- 
 served, and it is doubtful whether it is his production 
 at all. It is, however, sufficiently curious to deserve 
 quotation :— 
 
 ‘* A parliament member, a justice of peace, 
 At home a poor scarecrow, at London an ass ; 
 If lousy is Lucy, as some volk miscall it, 
 Then Lucy is lousy, whatever befall it. 
 He thinks himself great, 
 Yet an ass in his state, 
 We allow of his ears but with asses to mate ; 
 If Lucy is lousy, as some volk miscall it, 
 Sing lousy Lucy, whatever befall it.” 
 
 There can be no doubt that there is some truth in this 
 story, though doubtless it has been magnified and em- 
 bellished; it is told by early writers, and Shakespeare’s 
 
176 VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 
 
 portraiture of Justice Shallow and his cousin Slender is . 
 such a merciless piece of satire, that it is not difficult to 
 suppose that in depicting them he was revenging his own 
 real or fancied injuries. As this matter is one of some 
 interest, we add a couple of brief quotations from the 
 Merry Wives of Windsor that seem to bear on it :— 
 
 Shallow. Sir Hugh, persuade me not; I will make a Star- 
 chamber matter of it: if he were twenty Sir John Falstaffs, he 
 shall not abuse Robert Shallow, esquire. 
 
 Slender. In the county of Gloster, justice of peace, and coram. 
 
 Shal. Ay, cousin Slender, and Cust-alorum. 
 
 Slen. Ay, and ratolorum too; and a gentleman born, master 
 parson, who writes himself, avmigero; in any bill, warrant, quit- 
 tance, or obligation, armigero. 
 
 Shal. Ay, that we do, and have done any time these three 
 hundred years. 
 
 Slen. All his successors, gone before him, have done’t; and all 
 his ancestors that come after him, may, they may give the dozen 
 white luces in their coat. 
 
 Shal. It is an old coat. 
 
 Evans. The dozen white louses do become an old coat well; it 
 agrees well, passant ; it is a familiar beast to man, and signifies 
 love. 
 
 The name of Lucy was first assumed by William, the 
 son of Walter de Cherlecot, about the close of the 12th 
 century. ‘The arms of the family exhibit three luces (pike 
 fish), hawriant @argent. The following extract from the 
 same scene may perhaps refer to the offence Shakespeare 
 had committed, and the anger of the knight thereupon :— 
 
 Falstaff. Now, master Shallow, you will complain of me to the 
 king ? 
 
 Shal. Knight, you have beaten my men, killed my deer, and 
 broke open my lodge. 
 
 Fal. But not kissed your keeper’s daughter. 
 
N} 
 
 VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON,. \_°/ WG now 
 aaa al ce 
 
 Shal. Tut, a pin! this shall be answered. 
 
 Fal. I will answer it straight: I have done all this—that is 
 now answered. 
 
 Shal. The Council shall know this. 
 
 Fal. ’Twere better for you, if it were known in counsel, you'll 
 be laughed at. 
 
 Shallow and his cousin Slender are also made to figure 
 in the second part of King Henry IV. It is right to 
 state, in connection with the tradition just related, that, 
 though the name of Sir Thomas Lucy must always be 
 associated with Justice Shallow, there are some grounds 
 for believing that the portraiture, if indeed intended by 
 Shakespeare as such, is unjust. 
 
 The interior of the house, should the tourist be so 
 fortunate as to obtain admission, will be found to contain 
 much that is highly interesting. The great hall is wain- 
 scoted with oak, and contains ancient and richly-carved 
 furniture. Antique and valuable articles of furniture 
 are in various apartments, among which may be men- 
 tioned a splendidly-carved cabinet. The house is en- 
 riched by a collection of paintings, the most important of 
 which are, portraits of Charles I., Charles II., Archbishop 
 Laud, Sir Thomas Lucy (in his youth), in the Library; 
 Teniers’s Wedding, purchased by Mr. Lucy for £1100; 
 Landscapes by Hobbima, Cuyp, Berghem, and Paul Potter, 
 Madonna and Child by Vandyke, and Marketing Parties 
 going and returning by Wouvermans, in the Drawing-Room ; 
 Battle of a Cock and Turkey by Ulnocbocker, Horses by 
 Wouvermans, Cock and Gander by Jacob Jordans, in the 
 Dining-Room ; St. Catherine and a Magdalene, Head of 
 Christ, and a fine painting by an unknown artist, in the 
 Morning-Room. There are several fine busts in some of 
 the rooms, 
 
178 VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 
 
 CHARLECOTE CHURCH was rebuilt by Mrs. Lucy in 
 1852, in the Decorated style. The interior is richly © 
 adorned. Adjoining the chancel, which contains ten beau- 
 tifully-carved oak stalls, is the Lucy Chapel, containing 
 some interesting monuments of the Lucy family. The 
 figure of Sir Thomas Lucy on an altar-tomb, along with 
 that of his lady, is the work of the Italian Bernini. The 
 face of the knight is certainly not such a countenance as 
 we would assign to “ Justice Shallow.” 
 
 Hampton Lucy is on the opposite bank of the Avon 
 from Charlecote, and about 3 miles from Stratford, If 
 the Warwick Road be taken from Stratford, the tourist 
 will pass on his left WELcompBn, the residence of John 
 Combe and his brother William, the intimate friends of 
 Shakespeare. Of John Combe’s dwelling there are no re- 
 mains, the present house being quite a recent erection. 
 Near Welcombe there are extensive earthworks and en- 
 trenchments, probably British. Rather farther away is 
 CLopton, originally the property of a family of that name. 
 William Howitt tells the sad story of a fair member of 
 this family who was prematurely interred in a vault in 
 Stratford Church. 
 
 Hampton Lucy, anciently called Bishop’s Hampton, is 
 one of the most picturesque villages in the county. Its 
 church is an admirable example of the Decorated style, 
 erected on the site of an ancient structure in 1826, after 
 the designs of Rickman and Hutchinson, the whole charge, 
 amounting to £11,050, being borne by the late Rev. J. Lucy. 
 This gentleman also built the iron bridge over the Avon. 
 
 From Hampton Lucy the tourist may convenientty 
 visit Snitterfield, noticed below. 
 
 InMINeTON, about 9 miles from Stratford, and 3 from 
 
VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 179 
 
 the station, has astrong chalybeate spring. The church, 
 dedicated to St. Mary, is a cruciform structure, chiefly 
 Norman and Early English. Sir Thomas Overbury, the 
 well-known author, was a native of this parish. Through 
 the influence of the Earl of Rochester and the Countess 
 of Essex he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, 
 and there poisoned in 1613. 
 
 KINETON, about 8 miles distant, has, with its inter- 
 esting vicinity, been separately described. 
 
 SHorrery.—This pleasant hamlet is about a mile from 
 Stratford. The distance is shortened by a footpath through 
 the fields on the left of the Alcester road, at the outside 
 of the town. ‘There is a well-authenticated tradition that 
 a cottage in this hamlet was the home of Anne Hathaway 
 before she became the wife of Shakespeare. This cottage 
 has an antique and picturesque appearance, having a 
 timber and plaster front, and being roofed with thatch. 
 Its interior corresponds with its venerable exterior. The 
 kitchen, an ample and comfortable apartment, has ancient 
 oak wainscoting, a low ceiling with heavy beams, and a 
 spacious fireplace. The other rooms have a more or less 
 antique appearance. There are an oaken cupboard and an 
 Elizabethan carved oak bedstead, which are affirmed to 
 have been the property of the Hathaway family at a 
 period not much after the time of Shakespeare. Garrick 
 purchased relics out of this cottage; and subsequently 
 Samuel Ireland, who published Views on the River Avon, 
 earried off what was called ‘‘Shakespeare’s courting chair.” 
 The genuineness of these articles affirmed to have belonged 
 to Shakespeare is more than doubtful, though nobody 
 very strongly disputes the truth of the tradition which 
 associates the bard so intimately with the cottage. Prob- 
 
180 VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 ably the house still wears very much the same aspect it 
 bore when Shakespeare repaired hither from Stratford to 
 woo Anne Hathaway. 
 
 From Shottery a walk of about a mile will bring the 
 tourist to the retired hamlet of -LUDDINGTON, situated on 
 the bank of the Avon. It contains a very neat Early 
 Gothic church, “ All Saints,” erected in 1872, and built 
 of the blue limestone of the district, the window traceries 
 and dressings being of Corsham stone. In the original 
 church, which stood near the present edifice, but has long 
 since been destroyed, Shakespeare is said by local tradition 
 to have been married. The architect of the new church 
 was Mr. Cotton of Birmingham. 
 
 SNITTERFIELD is about 4 miles from Stratford, and half 
 that distance from the Bearley Station. This pretty vill- 
 age is noted as the residence for many years of the poet 
 Jago, who was vicar of the parish. Jago was born in 
 1715, and died in 1781. He is interred in the church, 
 which is a handsome building, having some ancient wood- 
 carving in its exterior. 
 
 Samuel Ireland has suggested that FuLBRoKkE PaRKE, 
 about a mile distant, and not Charlecote, was the scene 
 of Shakespeare’s raid on Sir Thomas Lucy’s deer. This, 
 though a mere conjecture, is not improbable. 
 
 SrupLEy, 4 miles north of Alcester and 8 north-west 
 of Stratford-on-Avon, is noted for the manufacture of 
 needles, bodkins, fish-hooks, and fishing-tackle, which 
 employs many hands. On the west bank of the Avon 
 there are a few remains of the church of an Augustine 
 priory, including a portion of the west window, etc., anda 
 date 1539. It now forms part of a farmhouse. Studley 
 Castle, a fine modern mansion, was erected in 1834, 
 
VICINITY OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 181 
 
 SuTrToN-UNDER-BRAILES, 4 miles south of Shipston-on- 
 Stour, was formerly included in Gloucestershire, but is 
 now annexed to Warwickshire. The church, dedicated 
 to Thomas 4 Becket, belonged in early times to the Abbey 
 of Westminster, but was transferred from it to the 
 Bishopric of London, and by exchange it came under the 
 patronage of the Bishop of Gloucester. The original 
 church is mentioned in Domesday, and in 1879, when the 
 restoration was in progress, a Saxon door was discovered 
 in the north side, the only part of the Saxon building 
 still remaining. 
 
 WaALtTon, midway between Kineton and Stratford-on- 
 Avon, about 34 miles from both, is an independent parish 
 for ecclesiastical purposes, though rated for the poor with 
 Wellesbourne Hastings. ‘The present church, built in 
 1750, contains the Early Norman font of the ancient 
 building. Walton Hall, near the church, has been in the 
 possession of the Mordaunts since 1549. The present 
 mansion is a fine Italian-Gothic structure, designed by 
 Sir Gilbert Scott. 
 
 WELLESBOURNE, 5 miles south of Stratford-on-Avon, 
 was in early times associated with the names of Hastings 
 and De Montfort, and received a charter for a market and 
 an annual fair from Edward I. The church, dedicated 
 to St. Peter, was founded by Henry de Newburgh, first 
 Norman Earl of Warwick. ‘The present structure is a 
 handsome building with chancel, nave, and tower. There 
 is a peal of six bells, some of which, it is said, came from 
 the neighbouring priory of Thelsford. 
 
 WIXFORD, about 2 miles south of Alcester, was given 
 to the monastery of Evesham by Ufa, one of the Saxon 
 Earls of Warwick, in 974. An ancient chapel, dedicated 
 
182 TAMWORTH. 
 
 to St. Millburg, has been lately restored at a cost of 
 £1425. It contains a splendid monumental brass to the 
 memory of the founder, Thomas de Crewe, and Johanna 
 his wife, who died in 1418. There are various monu- 
 ments of the 15th and 16th centuries. During the work 
 of restoration part of the old churchyard cross was dis- 
 covered, but it was much disfigured. 
 
 TAMWORTH. 
 Hotels: The Albert, Castle, Peel Arms, White Horse. 
 From Birmingham, 173 miles; Rugby, 27 ; Coventry, 24. 
 
 THIS ancient town is pleasantly situated on the extreme 
 northern border of the county—one-half of it, including 
 the church, belonging to the adjoining county of Stafford, 
 while the other half, with the castle, is in Warwickshire. 
 Tamworth dates from a period long anterior to the 
 Conquest. Here the warlike Offa resided; and hence 
 many of his charters to churches and towns were granted. 
 Here many other of the Mercian kings held their court. 
 In the Danish invasion the town was taken, and the 
 palace laid in ruins, Ethelfleda, the heroic daughter of 
 Alfred the Great, drove out the invaders from her paternal 
 territories in this quarter, and raised and fortified the 
 artificial mound which is now the site of Tamworth Castle 
 about the year 914. After Tamworth had ceased to be 
 the seat of royalty, a mint appears to have been established 
 there, some specimens of its coins being still to be met 
 with. The town was incorporated in 1560, and two 
 years afterwards returned two members to Parliament. 
 
 During the Civil War Tamworth was the scene of 
 several conflicts between the Roundheads and Cavaliers. 
 
TAMWORTH. 183 
 
 In the time of Queen Anne it was represented by Thomas 
 Guy, the founder of the hospital bearing his name in 
 London, who built the town hall, and also founded several 
 almshouses in the town. 
 
 The population of Tamworth at the census of 1881 
 was 14,101, and the inhabited houses 2772. The occu- 
 pations are for the most part agricultural; but there are 
 paper-mills and manufactories for small wares. In the 
 neighbourhood there are extensive coal-mines, and fire- 
 clay and brick-clay are also found. 
 
 Tamworth is respectably, though not regularly, built, 
 With the exception of its church and castle, it contains 
 few notable memorials of ancient times. The King’s 
 Dyke, a wide and deep trench by which the town was 
 formerly defended on the east, north, and west sides (the 
 Tame and Auker being its defence on the south), may 
 still be traced. The bones of men and horses, and war- 
 like weapons, have been dug up in this trench. 
 
 The Cast, as has been already stated, is erected on 
 the artificial mound raised and fortified by Ethelfleda. 
 It was bestowed by William the Conqueror on Robert 
 Marmion, the founder of the martial family whose name 
 Sir Walter Scott has immortalised in his romantic Tale 
 of Flodden Field. Ina note to Marmion, Scott says :— 
 ‘Tn earlier times, indeed, the family of Marmion, Lords 
 of Fontenay, in Normandy, was highly distinguished. 
 Robert de Marmion, Lord of Fontenay, a distinguished 
 follower of the Conqueror, obtained a grant of the castle 
 and town of Tamworth, and also of the manor of Scrivelby, 
 in Lincolnshire. One or both of these noble possessions 
 was held by the honourable service of being the royal 
 champion, as the ancestors of Marmion had formerly been 
 
184 TAMWORTH. 
 
 to the Dukes of Normandy. But after the castle and 
 demesne of Tamworth had passed through four successive 
 barons from Robert, the family became extinct in the 
 person of Philip de Marmion, who died in twentieth 
 Edward I., without issue male. He was succeeded in the 
 castle of Tamworth by Alexander de Freville, who married 
 Mazera, his grand-daughter.” In the reign of Henry VI. 
 the family and possessions of Freville merged in the Earls 
 of Ferrers. Subsequently Tamworth Castle passed to the 
 Comptons, from whom it came, we believe by marriage, 
 to’ the Marquis of Townshend, in whose family it now 
 remains, 
 
 The artificial mound on which the castle is built is 
 high and steep; and the aspect of the building is very 
 imposing. Unfortunately, from its not being inhabited 
 by its owner, but let to various persons in succession, 
 the interior has considerably suffered from neglect and 
 decay. Latterly the castle has been more fortunate in 
 this respect, the tenant having fitted it up in a tasteful 
 and appropriate style. There is not space to particularise 
 the various apartments; nor, indeed, is this necessary, as 
 the only original decorations they contain consist of coats 
 of arms on the cornices, and some other antique details. 
 The massive curtain-wall, supposed to be that built by 
 Ethelfleda, is one of the finest specimens of Saxon herring- 
 bone masonry now in existence. In one apartment, called 
 “Queen Mary’s Bedroom,” the unfortunate Mary Queen 
 of Scots slept while a prisoner in this castle. She was © 
 permitted, when she pleased, to ascend a staircase leading 
 to the top of the square tower, or keep, to breathe the 
 fresh air, and beguile the tediousness of her captivity by 
 looking abroad on the surrounding scenery. The prospect 
 
TAMWORTH. 185 
 
 from the summit is extensive and beautiful. In clear 
 weather no fewer than forty-six churches can be counted 
 with the naked eye. 
 
 The CuurcH, dedicated to St. Egitha, is composed of 
 a soft friable stone, unfavourable to the preservation of 
 the finer details of ecclesiastical architecture. It consists 
 of nave, aisles, chancel, north chapel, and a massive and 
 lofty tower, Its architecture belongs to different periods. 
 The oldest portion, exhibiting two Norman arches, with 
 zigzag mouldings, is probably part of a church erected in 
 the reign of Edgar. In 1345 it was destroyed by fire, 
 after which it was rebuilt in the Decorated style; and the 
 restorations to which it has at several times been subjected 
 have introduced still more modern features. In 1870-72 
 it was restored at a cost of £4000. 
 
 There are numerous monuments in the chancel and 
 its chapel. On the south side isa stately marble tomb, 
 with life-size kneeling figures on either side, to the 
 memory of Sir John Ferrers of Tamworth Castle, who 
 died in 1680, and his wife. On the north of the chancel, 
 under one of the arches that separate it from its chapel, 
 is an altar-tomb which has evidently had on it the inlaid 
 effigies in brass of a knight and his lady, with their child- 
 ren. The inscription running round its border has also 
 been removed. Round its sides are the sculptured figures 
 of angels, etc. Adjoining it, also under an arch, is 
 another altar-tomb, with the mutilated figures of a knight 
 and his lady. Probably this knight was a member of the 
 Fréville family, ancient possessors of the castle. Within 
 an arched recess in the north wall of the chapel is a 
 recumbent female figure, without any inscription, and 
 considerably worn. There are many monumental stones 
 
186 VICINITY OF TAMWORTH. 
 
 in the floor, stripped of their brasses. The chancel has a 
 handsome reredos in tabernacle work. There is a piscina 
 in the south wall. 
 
 The church has accommodation for 3000 persons. 
 The tower-is remarkable as having two staircases, the one 
 winding over the other, and each having a separate © 
 entrance and exit. This feature is perhaps unique. The 
 summit of the tower commands a magnificent view. 
 
 In a crypt beneath the church there is an immense 
 collection of human bones. 
 
 Of other public buildings the chief are the Marxzr- 
 House, founded in 1701 by Thomas Guy, the founder of 
 Guy’s Hospital, London; a Hosprrat, endowed by the 
 same gentleman; a GRAMMAR SCHOOL, founded by Queen 
 Elizabeth in 1558, and now occupying a commodious 
 building, erected 1867-68, at a cost of over £3000; and 
 Str Ropert Prev’s ScHoon, endowed with £5000, and 
 affording free education for fifty boys. The National 
 Schools have been transferred to the School Board. There 
 is a monument to Sir Robert Peel, consisting of a fine 
 bronze statue on a pedestal, bearing the following inscrip- 
 tion:—‘‘The Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel, Bart., 
 born Feb. 5, 1788, elected, in the year 1830, Member of 
 Parliament for Tamworth, which town he continued to 
 represent until his death, July 2, 1850.” 
 
 From Tamworth the tourist may visit Atherstone, 
 Polesworth, and Seckington. 
 
 VICINITY OF TAMWORTH. 
 
 ATHERSTONE (Inns: Red Lion, dinner, 2s.; Angel, White 
 Swan, Three Tuns. From Tamworth, 8 miles).—Ather- 
 
VICINITY OF TAMWORTH. 187 
 
 stone is an irregular but picturesque market-town, situated 
 on the Roman road called Watling Street, which here 
 forms the eastern boundary of the county. Prior to the 
 Conquest Atherstone formed part of the vast possessions 
 of the Countess Godiva of Mercia. After passing through 
 many hands the manor came, in the reign of Elizabeth, 
 into the possession of Sir John Repington, who built 
 Atherstone Hall in 1620 from the ruins of a priory, and 
 sold the manor to the Bracebridge family, the present 
 owners. Atherstone was the scene of the conference be- 
 tween the Earl of Richmond and the disaffected nobles of 
 Richard III. the night before the battle of Bosworth Field. 
 Measures were concerted between Richmond and the two 
 Stanleys which resulted in the overthrow and death of 
 the king. Richmond encamped with his troops, the night 
 before the battle, in a meadow near the church, called the 
 Royal Meadow. The “Crown Field” is pointed out, where 
 the crown is said to have been hid in a bush, and also 
 King Richard’s well, where the king is said to have 
 refreshed himself. 
 
 Atherstone was the birthplace, in 1644, of Dr. Nehemiah 
 Grew, a celebrated naturalist, author of The Anatomy of 
 Plants, and other works. He died in 1711. 
 
 There is a district kennel for hounds at Atherstone. 
 The chief manufactures are hats, ribbons, and silk, The 
 population in 1881 was 4645. 
 
 The Church consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with 
 a beautiful octagonal tower, ending in open work, rising 
 between the nave and chancel. It is dedicated to St. 
 Mary the Virgin, and was formerly the chapel at the gate 
 of the abbey founded by Earl Ferrers in 1148. The 
 interior contains monuments to the Stratford and Dugdale 
 
188 VICINITY OF TAMWORTH. 
 
 families, as well as some ancient brasses, and the remains 
 of a stone figure in chain armour, supposed to be William 
 Ferrers, Earl of Derby. The church was reconstructed 
 in 1849. 
 
 Atherstone Hall, built from the ruins of the priory in 
 1620 by Sir John Repington, was sold to the present 
 family in 1690. Near it many curious relics have been 
 dug up, including an amulet highly perfumed, a cannon 
 ball, several musket balls, and several pieces of silver, 
 many of the time of Elizabeth. The manor in the time 
 of Edward the Confessor belonged to the Countess Godiva. 
 
 The other principal public buildings are the Town Hall 
 and the Endowed School, founded in 1573. There are 
 many quaint old houses in different parts of the town. 
 
 The neighbourhood of Atherstone possesses much varied 
 and richly-wooded scenery. Of the mansions in the sur- 
 rounding district the most interesting is MmertvaLtH Hatt, 
 about a mile distant to the west, noted as the residence of 
 Sir William Dugdale,! author of the Antiquities of Warwick- 
 shire. The hall, which is still occupied by his descendants, 
 is well situated, and surrounded by fine grounds. 
 
 MANCESTER (pronounced and sometimes written MANn- 
 CETTER), a mile and a half distant, is an extensive parish, 
 including Atherstone, Oldbury, and Hartshill; but the 
 village itself is inconsiderable in size and population, 
 Its church is a little to the right of the Roman road 
 (Watling Street), which here forms the London highway. 
 Memorials have lately been erected to the martyrs, Mrs. 
 Lewis, a native of the parish, burned at Lichfield in 1577, 
 and Robert Glover, the possessor of the manor, burned at 
 Coventry in the reign of Queen Mary. A room in the 
 
 1 Dugdale had also a seat at Shustoke. 
 
VICINITY OF TAMWORTH. 189 
 
 manor-house goes by the name of the ‘‘ martyrs’ room.” 
 About three hundred yards beyond the point where the road 
 branches off to Mancester church is the site of the Roman 
 station of Manduessedum. A slight depression in the high- 
 way indicates where the road crosses the foss, and in the 
 fields on either hand the foss will be seen to be distinctly 
 marked. The mean length of the level surface enclosed 
 within the earthworks is 627 ft., and the mean breadth 
 438, the total contents being rather more than 6 acres. 
 Roman coins and fragments of buildings are often dug up 
 here and in the neighbourhood. The settlement had its 
 outposts in various places in the neighbourhood, especially 
 at Oldbury and Hartshill, which are noticed below. 
 
 A pleasant walk of 3 or 4 miles from Mancester 
 will bring the tourist to Oldbury and Hartshill. Leaving 
 the church, and taking the road on his right, after crossing 
 the canal bridge, he will find a footpath striking through 
 the fields on his left, by which he may reach the places 
 named, Thereafter, instead of retracing his steps, he may 
 proceed by Ansley Hall through a picturesque country to 
 the Arley or Whitacre station of the Birmingham and 
 Leicester Railway. The churches passed on the way are 
 generally worth turning aside to look at, though they are 
 not individually of such interest as to repay a special 
 excursion. 
 
 OupBury has the remains of an ancient Roman fort, on 
 va commanding eminence, consisting of a quadrangular 
 earthwork enclosed with high ramparts, which on three 
 sides have been well preserved. This was the summer 
 camp to the Roman station of Manduessedum. The 
 area contains about 7 acres. On the south side of the 
 camp the nuns of Polesworth formerly had a cell. Within 
 
190 VICINITY OF TAMWORTH. 
 
 its area has been erected a handsome modern mansion, 
 which commands extensive prospects. . 
 
 The hamlet of HartsHrut, in the same neighbourhood, 
 occupies part of the site of Manduessedum, and has been 
 said to be the Campus Martius of the Romans. The ruins 
 of a castle, built in 1125 by Hugh Hadreshull, from which 
 the hamlet derives its name, are still to be seen, The 
 site of Hartshill is elevated, and commands a very exten- 
 sive view. In the hamlet the manufacture of ribbons is 
 carried on, Manganese of a superior quality and beauti- 
 fully crystallised is found in the neighbourhood, In the 
 centre of the village stands an old building {now a cottage) 
 called the chapel, which has been so named since the time 
 of James I, At Hartshill, in 1563, was born Michael 
 Drayton, author of the Polyolbion, Wars of the Barons, 
 and other poems. He died in 1631, and was buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. | 
 
 PoLEsworRtH, 3 miles south-east of Tamworth, is a 
 village of considerable antiquity. A nunnery was founded 
 here by King Egbert for St. Modwena, an Irish virgin 
 much reputed for her holy life. Dugdale makes this the 
 first religious house established in this country ; but the 
 correctness of his opinion has been disputed. There can, 
 however, be no doubt that a nunnery existed here at the 
 Conquest. William bestowed Polesworth, among other 
 possessions, upon Robert Marmion, of Tamworth Castle, 
 who expelled the nuns, but afterwards, repenting of his 
 harshness, reinstated them with additional endowments, 
 The nunnery continued to flourish till the Dissolution, 
 when it was in possession of considerable revenues. There 
 are some fragments of the monastic buildings in the vicinity 
 of the church, The Church of St. Edith, a handsome 
 
WARWICK. 191 
 
 structure with a very massive tower, has some interesting 
 features; and in its interior are two ancient monuments. 
 There is a well-endowed Free School, founded in the reign 
 of James I. by Sir Francis Nethersole, knight. 
 
 A short distance from Polesworth is Pooley Hall, a 
 rather interesting specimen of ancient domestic architec- 
 ture, erected in the reign of Henry VIII. by Sir Thomas 
 Cokain. 
 
 SECKINGTON, 4 miles distant to the north-east, was, 
 Camden informs us, anciently named Secandunum. The 
 Roman name is considered to be corroborated by a large 
 entrenched camp, situated near the church, probably, 
 though not certainly, of Roman construction. The camp 
 is circular, with an inner diameter of 300 ft., and is 
 defended by a ditch about 12 ft. deep and 20 ft. wide. 
 On its north side is an artificial mound, 42 ft. high, 
 either a tumulus or a watch-tower. In 757 a battle was 
 fought at Seckington between Cuthred, King of the West 
 Saxons, and Ethelbald, King of the Mercians, when the 
 latter was slain by a traitor named Beornred, 
 
 WARWICK. 
 
 Hotels: Warwick Arms, High Street; Woolpack, Rose and Crown, in 
 Market Square ; The Globe, Iron Bridge ; The Crown, Cotton End; and 
 The Great Western, Coventry Road. 
 
 From Birmingham, 21 miles ; Coventry, 11; Rugby, 17; Manchester, 106; 
 Liverpool, 883 ; London, 108; York, 151}, 
 
 THE county town is beautifully situated on elevated 
 
 ground, near the bank of the Avon. John Rous dates its 
 
 origin as far back as the beginning of the Christian era. 
 
 According to this account, to which Dugdale gives the 
 
192 WARWICK. 
 
 sanction of his name, it was founded by Gutheline, or 
 Kimbeline, a British king, at the time of the birth of 
 Christ. It was called by him Caerleon, the word being 
 compounded of Caer (civitas) and his own name ; Caer- 
 Cuthleon being shortened into Caerleon. Another account 
 makes its foundation considerably less ancient, attributing 
 it to the Saxons. According to the antiquary already 
 quoted, the town, having been destroyed by the Picts and 
 Scots, was rebuilt by the great Caractacus, whose heroism 
 in resisting the Romans for nine years has procured for 
 him immortality. Laid once more in ruins by a northern 
 invasion, it was rebuilt by Warremund, the first of the 
 kings of Mercia, from whom it was named Warrewyk. 
 Ethelfleda, daughter of King Alfred the Great, by the 
 erection of a strong fortified building in 915, contributed 
 very materially to its increase and prosperity. It was 
 made a bishopric by St. Dubricius, and the church of 
 All Saints, which stood where the castle now stands, was 
 his cathedral. The Norman Conquest considerably bene- 
 fited this town. William the Conqueror allowed Turchill, 
 then vicecomes of Warwick, to retain his title and remain 
 in possession of his estates, giving him orders at the same 
 time to enlarge and fortify the castle, and strengthen the 
 town with a ditch and gates. He afterwards created the 
 earldom of Warwick, bestowing the title on Henry de 
 Newburgh, one of his followers. From this time the 
 town continued to prosper, the Earls of Warwick appear- 
 ing to have in general administered its affairs In a manner 
 tending to promote its welfare. In the reign of Edward 
 I. Warwick was the scene of various knightly tournaments. 
 In this and the following reigns various charters are men- 
 tioned as having been obtained by the earls, empowering 
 
WARWICK. 193 
 
 them to levy taxes for the construction of the walls and 
 other public purposes. A charter of incorporation was 
 obtained in the reign of Mary and Philip. Queen Eliza- 
 beth visited Warwick in 1572, three years before the 
 famous festivities at Kenilworth, and was received with 
 due loyalty. James I., in one of his progresses, visited 
 Warwick, when he was magnificently entertained in Lei- 
 cester’s Hospital, 4th September 1617. In common with 
 other parts of the county, this town suffered during 
 the civil war of the 17th century, the castle at one time 
 sustaining a short siege from the Royalists. In 1694 
 the greater part of the town, including the body and 
 chancel of the church of St, Mary, was destroyed by fire. 
 The damage was estimated at the time at £90,600; but 
 asum of £120,000 had to be expended to repair the 
 damage. In aid of the town, £110,000 was raised by 
 national subscription, and the town was rebuilt in a much 
 improved manner, and with wider streets than formerly. 
 The improvements, however, scarcely compensate for some 
 of the old buildings destroyed. William III. visited 
 Warwick in 1695, when he was the guest of Fulke 
 Greville, Lord Brooke, in Warwick Castle. 
 
 Two scholars of note were natives of this town. Walter 
 of Coventry, the Benedictine monk, author of several 
 works on English history, was born here about the 
 middle of the 12th century. John Rous, the zealous and 
 laborious Warwick antiquary, after studying at Oxford, 
 returned to his native county, and become a chantry priest 
 at Guy’s Cliff. He died in 1491, and was interred in St.» 
 Mary’s Church. 
 
 The Earls of Warwick have in former times played so 
 important a part in history, that a brief account of them 
 
 O 
 
194 WARWICK. 
 
 may be appropriately given in this place. The first of 
 note is the famous Sir Guy, the hero of numberless legend- 
 ary tales, After many wonderful exploits, the last and 
 greatest of which was the killing of Colbrond, a Danish 
 giant, he retired to Guy’s Cliff, where it is said he lived the 
 secluded life of a ‘ palmer poor,” and to have died in 929. 
 The story of his life has probably some basis of truth, but 
 the main events are plainly mythical, The earldom of 
 Warwick, in the Norman line, was created by William the 
 Conqueror, who conferred it on Henry de Newburgh, one of 
 his followers, who died in 1123. The male line failing 
 with the sixth earl of this family, the title and estates 
 eventually passed by marriage into the family of the 
 Beauchamps, barons of Elmley, in Worcestershire, Guy 
 de Beauchamp, second earl of this house, distinguished 
 himself in Scotland in the invasions of Edward I, In 
 the reign of Edward II. he, in concert with the earls of 
 Lancaster, Hereford, and Arundel, seized the person of 
 Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, the king’s worthless 
 favourite, and beheaded him at Blacklow Hill, 1312. 
 - Thomas, his son, signalised himself in the campaigns of 
 Edward the Black Prince. He died, 1370, at Calais, of 
 which he was governor for many years, and lies buried in 
 St. Mary’s choir, Thomas, the next earl, also distinguished 
 himself in the French wars, and proved himself a faithful 
 servant of his country. Falling under the displeasure of 
 the worthless Richard II., he was imprisoned in the Tower 
 of London. Henry IV. restored him to liberty and to 
 his estate. It was this earl who built Guy’s Tower. He 
 died in 1401. Rzchard, his only son, raised still more 
 highly the honour of the house of Warwick. He dis- 
 tinguished himself in foreign wars and tournaments, 
 
WARWICK. 195 
 
 vanquishing the most renowned champions of Europe. 
 His private character was as estimable and irreproachable 
 as his public conduct was illustrious. The Emperor 
 Sigismund styled him “the father of courtesy ;” and 
 Henry V. of England committed to him the tutelage of 
 his son, afterwards Henry VI., till he should attain the 
 age of fifteen. He held the high office of Regent of France 
 at the time of his death, which took place at Rouen in 
 1439. His body was brought to England, and, according 
 to his own directions, buried in the Lady Chapel of St. 
 Mary’s. His son Henry was the last of the Beauchamp 
 line of earls of Warwick. He was high in the favour of 
 Henry VI., who created him Duke of Warwick, and after- 
 wards king of the Isle of Wight. Dying without heirs at 
 the age of twenty-two, the estate reverted to his father’s 
 sister, countess of [chard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, upon 
 whom the title of Earl of Warwick was conferred. The 
 name of Richard Neville is one of the most prominent in the 
 history of the 15th century. The delineation of his char- 
 acter and actions by Shakespeare in King Henry VI, from 
 the time when, in the Temple garden, he says— 
 **T love no colours, and, without all colour 
 
 Of base insinuating flattery, 
 
 I pluck this white rose with Plantagenet,” 
 down to the battle of Barnet, where he died fighting for 
 Henry, whom he had dethroned a few years before, is too 
 well known to require more than a passing reference. 
 The words which Shakespeare puts into his mouth as he 
 dies on the field of Barnet, give an admirable picture of 
 the character and power of the ‘‘ king-maker ” :— 
 
 ‘‘Thus yields the cedar to the axe’s edge, 
 Whose arms gave shelter to the princely eagle, 
 
196 WARWICK. 
 
 Under whose shade the ramping lion slept, 
 
 Whose top branch overpeered Jove’s spreading tree, 
 And kept low shrubs from winter’s powerful wind. 
 These eyes, that now are dimmed with death’s dark veil, 
 Have been as piercing as the mid-day sun, 
 
 To search the secret treasons of the world. 
 
 The wrinkles in my brow, now filled with blood, 
 Were likened oft to kingly sepulchres; 
 
 For who lived king, but I could dig his grave ? 
 
 And who durst smile when Warwick bent his brow ? 
 Lo, now my glory smeared in dust and blood! 
 
 My parks, my walks, my manors that I had, 
 
 Even now forsake me ; and of all my lands 
 
 Is nothing left me but my body’s length ! 
 
 Why, what is pomp, rule, reign, but earth and dust ? 
 And, live we how we can, yet die we must.” 
 
 He was succeeded in the earldom by George Plantagenet, 
 Duke of Clarence, and brother of Edward IV., who had 
 married his daughter. Clarence was murdered in the 
 ‘Tower of London, and his son Edward, who succeeded to 
 the earldom, was beheaded, 1499, for being implicated 
 with Perkin Warbeck in a plot for escaping from the 
 Tower. After a lapse of forty-eight years the title was 
 revived, and bestowed on John Dudley, Lord High Admiral 
 of England, who rendered important services to the country 
 under Henry VIII. and Edward VI., but was beheaded 
 in the succeeding reign for espousing the cause of Lady 
 Jane Grey. With his grandson Ambrose, “the good Earl 
 of Warwick,” and brother of Queen Elizabeth’s favourite, 
 the Earl of Leicester, the title once more became extinct, 
 1589. The title, without the estates, was bestowed by 
 James I., in 1618, on Robert, Lord Rich, in whose family 
 it remained through seven descents. The second earl of 
 this line was Lord High Admiral of England under the 
 
WARWICK. 197 
 
 Long Parliament, and his grandson married the youngest 
 daughter of Oliver Cromwell. Immediately on the ex- 
 tinction of the title in this family it was conferred in 1759 
 on the eighth Lord Brooke, the possessor of the castle and 
 estate, with whose descendants it still remains, The earls 
 of Warwick of this line have not taken a conspicuous part 
 in politics, 
 
 The population of Warwick at the census of 1881 was 
 11,800, and the inhabited houses 2518. The borough 
 returns two members to Parliament,.the municipal and 
 parliamentary boundaries being identical. The municipal 
 government is vested in a council of twenty-four, consist- 
 ing of six aldermen and eighteen councilmen. The mayor 
 is elected annually by the council. 
 
 Commercially the town is of little importance. At one 
 period it possessed manufactories for spinning and combing 
 wool, for weaving cotton, and for making lace and hats ; 
 but these branches of industry are for the most part dis- 
 continued. There are one or two establishments in 
 Warwick where wood-carving is carried to a high point 
 of perfection, Glass-staining and decorating are also 
 carried on, and there are ironworks, a brewery, and rope- 
 works. 
 
 The town is mostly modern, the fire of 1694 having 
 swept away the great majority of its old houses ; but there 
 still remain some interesting specimens of ancient domestic 
 architecture.! Leicester’s Hospital, the best example of 
 
 1 Warwick, in ancient times, was famed for its churches and ecclesiastical 
 buildings, ministered over by thirty priests. Of these churches, St. Mary’s, 
 St. Nicholas’s, St. James’s (Westgate), St. Peter’s (Eastgate), still remain, but 
 the following have passed away: St. Sepulchre’s, where the priory now is; 
 All Saints’, in the castle precincts ; St. John Baptist’s, in the market-place ; 
 St. Lawrence’s, at the lower end of West Street ; and St. Michael’s, now 
 
198 WARWICK. 
 
 the old timber-framed style, will be noticed in its proper 
 place. St. John’s Hospital, erected in the reign of Henry 
 IL, is now used as a seminary. None of the private 
 houses in which the timber-framed style exists require to 
 be specially mentioned here. 
 
 Sr. Mary’s CHURCH is situated on an imposing site, and, 
 both from its associations and some of its architectural 
 features, ranks decidedly as the most interesting and im- 
 portant ecclesiastical building in the county. The time 
 of its foundation cannot be precisely ascertained ; but it 
 is certain, from the Domesday survey, that a church 
 existed on this site long before the Conquest. The present 
 building does not all belong to the same period. It was 
 repaired by Roger de Newburgh, second Norman Ear] of 
 Warwick, who made it a collegiate church. After the 
 dissolution of the religious houses it was granted to the 
 burgesses of Warwick and their successors. Then, in 1394, 
 it was restored by the first Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of 
 Warwick, who founded the choir, which was finished by his 
 son, of the same name, who also rebuilt the whole edifice, 
 In 1694 it was almost wholly destroyed by the great fire 
 already alluded to; the choir, the lady chapel, the chapter- 
 house, the lobby, and the vestry on the east, alone escaping ~ 
 the ravages of the flames. The new church, ‘‘ begun by 
 public, was finished by royal piety, under the joyful 
 auspices of Queen Anne, in the memorable year 1704.” 
 Possibly an intention existed of entrusting the work to 
 Sir Christopher Wren, but the tradition that he was the 
 architect is without foundation, the designs having been 
 
 used as a blacksmith’s shop. Besides these there was a priory, a nunnery, 
 St. John’s Hospital for strangers, St. Michael’s Hospital for lepers, a home 
 for the Black Friars in Friars Street, and the two guilds or lay fraternities 
 of St. George and the Virgin at the Westgate. 
 
WARWICK. 199 
 
 prepared by Sir William Wilson. The church consists 
 of nave, aisles, transepts, chancel, lady chapel, with chantry 
 and oratory, and a tower at the west end. The fine 
 proportions of the tower are particularly worthy of notice. 
 From a base of 36 ft. square it rises from four groined 
 arches to the height of 130 ft., above which again, at 
 each corner, rise pinnacles to the height of 44 ft. 
 Beneath the piers is a passage allowing of the transit of 
 carriages. The extreme length of the church is 186 ft., 
 and the breadth, measured along the transept, 106 ft. 
 Sufficient care has not been taken to harmonise the ancient 
 and modern parts of the structure. The parts of the 
 building which escaped the great fire are Decorated in 
 style. The more modern part was engrafted on the old 
 walls: the result is somewhat incongruous, The great 
 windows have double rows of heavy arches, terminated 
 by grotesque heads, and the tower has a curious union 
 of the round and pointed arch. Originally there were 
 many ancient monuments in the body of the church, but 
 several of these were destroyed by the great fire in 1694. 
 Among the monuments in the north transept worthy of 
 notice are those of William Johnson, M.D., and Anne his 
 wife ; of Thomas Oken and Joan his wife—all of whom 
 left munificent bequests for the poor of this their native 
 town ; and of Francis Holyoke, the lexicographer. In 
 the south transept is a brass plate to the memory of 
 Thomas Beauchamp, second Earl of Warwick; which is all 
 that was spared by the great fire of a once splendid monu- 
 ment. An engraving of the original monument will be 
 found in the work of Dugdale on the antiquities of 
 Warwickshire. The tomb, which was of the altar kind, 
 appears to have been richly adorned. 
 
200 WARWICK. 
 
 The Chowr is entered from the termination of the nave 
 by an ascent of three steps, through wrought-iron gates. 
 The architecture is Decorated, of a remarkably pure and 
 chaste character. The roof, which is of stone, is lofty and 
 beautifully ribbed. In the centre of the ceiling are the 
 arms of the founder borne by a seraph. On each side 
 are four windows, which unfortunately have lost the stained 
 glass with which they were formerly enriched. In the 
 centre of the choir stands a splendid altar-tomb to the 
 memory of Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, the 
 founder, and Lady Catherine Mortimer, his countess. The 
 tomb, which is composed of plaster in excellent imitation 
 of veined marble, is surmounted by the effigies of the earl 
 and his lady in a recumbent position, The earl is habited 
 in armour, his left hand resting on his sword, but his right 
 clasping the right hand of his wife. The countess is 
 dressed in mantle and petticoat, with sleeves buttoned 
 below the wrist. At the head of each figure sits a female, 
 as if in the act of watching ; at the earl’s feet is a bear, 
 and at his wife’s a lamb. Round the sides of the tomb 
 are thirty-six figures, male and female, evidently meant 
 to represent the various relations of the deceased. Beneath 
 these figures are armorial bearings more or less effaced. 
 This earl distinguished himself, under the Black Prinee, 
 at Cressy and Poictiers ; and subsequently spent three 
 years in Palestine fighting against the Infidels. He died 
 at Calais. 
 
 On the north side of the choir are three apartments, 
 one of which, of an octagonal shape, will interest the 
 tourist as containing the tomb of Fulke Greville, Lord 
 Brooke. This apartment was originally the chapter-house, 
 but was selected by Lord Brooke for his own monument, 
 
WARWICK. 201 
 
 which he caused to be erected in his lifetime. The 
 monument is a sarcophagus, under a canopy supported 
 by Corinthian pillars. The inscription, written by 
 himself, is laconic, but very significant :—‘‘ Fulke 
 Greville, Servant to Queen Elizabeth, Counsellor to King 
 James, and Friend to Sir Philip Sidney. Tropheum 
 Peccati.” 
 
 On the south side of the choir is the Lady Chapel, 
 called also the Beauchamp Chapel, reached by a flight of 
 steps, passing the oratory and chantry. It is one of the 
 finest specimens extant of the purest Gothic style, and 
 if matched, is not surpassed by Henry VII.’s chapel in 
 Westminster Abbey. Over the entrance door of this 
 chapel is a fine arch, designed and executed in 1704 by 
 a poor mason, a native of the town, whose name ought to 
 have been preserved. This chapel was commenced in 
 1443, in conformity with the will of Richard Beauchamp,! 
 and was not completed till 1464. The total cost of its 
 erection was £2481, a sum equal to at least £40,000 in 
 the present day. ‘The ceiling is of stone, richly carved, 
 and adorned with shields bearing the arms of the old earls 
 of Warwick single, and those of Warwick and Beauchamp 
 (the founder) quartered. The flooring is of black and 
 white marble arranged lozenge-wise. On either side are 
 four rows of stalls, elaborately ornamented with blank 
 shields in quartrefoils, and with carvings of lions, griffins, 
 and bears, chained and muzzled. The exterior has many 
 beautiful and appropriate decorations, the great east 
 
 1 Richard Beauchamp, born 28th January 1381, after holding various 
 high offices and visiting the Holy Land, died in the castle of Rouen, 30th 
 April 1439. His body was brought over to England and laid in a stone 
 
 coffin before the altar of St. Mary’s until a chapel and tomb could be erected 
 for its reception. 
 
202 WARWICK. 
 
 window being especially conspicuous. The window 
 contains the original glass; one of its subjects being a 
 portrait of Earl Richard in armour, kneeling, with his 
 hands raised, in front of a desk, on which lies an open 
 book. Beneath a Gothic canopy is a fine altar-piece, in 
 bas-relief, of the Salutation of the Blessed Virgin, designed 
 by Lightoler, and sculptured by Collins, On either side 
 of the altar are two oak chairs 400 years old. The 
 splendid tomb of Richard Beauchamp is in the centre of 
 the chapel. It is of the altar kind, and formed of gray 
 marble. On the sarcophagus is a full-length figure of the 
 earl, recumbent, clad in full armour of brass gilt, sur- 
 mounted by a hearse of brass hoops, also gilt. His head 
 is uncovered and rests upon a helmet ; his hair is short 
 and his beard curled; and his hands are elevated in 
 prayer. By his side are sword and dagger, and a garter is 
 on his left knee. A swan is at his head, and a griffin and 
 bear muzzled sit watching at his feet. The sides and ends 
 of the tomb are divided into fourteen beautifully-wrought 
 niches, which are filled with figures, weepers in copper 
 gilt, representing relatives of the deceased. Each of these 
 figures has its proper arms. The following inscription 
 runs round the upper ledge of the tomb, giving an account 
 of Richard Beauchamp’s death and burial, Figures of 
 the bear and ragged staff occasionally intervene :— 
 ‘*Preieth devoutly for the Sowel whom god assoille of one of 
 the moost worshipful Knightes in his dayes of monhode & con- 
 ning Richard Beauchamp late earl of Warrewik Lord Despenser 
 of Bergevenny & of mony other grete lordships whos body resteth 
 here under this tumbe in a fulfeire vout of Stone set on the bare 
 rooch thewhuch visited with longe siknes in the Castel of Roan 
 
 therinne decessed ful cristenly the last day of April the year 
 of oure lord god AMCCCCxxxix, he being at that tyme Lieu- 
 
WARWICK. 203 
 
 tenant gen’al and governor of the Roialme of ffraunce and of 
 the Duchie of Normandie by sufficient Autorite of oure Sou’aigne 
 lord the King Harry vi. thewhuch body with grete deliberacon’ 
 and ful worshipful condiut Bi See Andby lond was broght to 
 Warrewik the iiii day of October the yer abouesaide and was 
 leide with ful Solenne exequies in a feir chest made of Stone in 
 this Chirche afore the west dore of this chapel according to his 
 last Wille And Testament therein to rest til this Chapel by him 
 devised O his lief were made al thewhuche Chapel founded on 
 the Rooch And alle the Membres therof his Executors dede fully 
 make And apparaille By the Auctorite of his Seide last. Wille 
 and Testament and Therafter By the same Auctorite Theydide 
 Translate fful worshipfully the seide Body into the vout aboue- 
 side Honrred be God therefore.” $ 
 
 It is stated by Gough that about the middle of the 
 17th century the floor of the chapel fell in, when the 
 stone coffin containing the earl’s body being broken, 
 the body was found to be still fresh, though it rapidly 
 decayed on exposure to the air. The ladies of Warwick 
 took advantage of the circumstance to get rings and 
 other ornaments made of the earl’s hair. 
 
 At the head of Earl Richard’s monument is the tomb 
 of Ambrose Dudley, the good Earl of Warwick. It is of 
 the altar kind, and has a full-size figure of the earl in 
 armour, in a recumbent position. He died in 1589. 
 He was brother of the famous Earl of Leicester, whose 
 monument is next noticed. 
 
 The tomb of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, favourite 
 of Queen Elizabeth, stands at the north side of the chapel. 
 It is a splendid monument of the altar kind, bearing the 
 recumbent figures of the earl and Lettice Knowles, his 
 third wife, under a rich canopy supported by four 
 Corinthian pillars. The earl is in armour, and decorated 
 with the Order of the Garter and that of St. Michael. 
 
204 WARWICK. 
 
 Very dark suspicions attached to his life, but they cannot 
 be said to have been fully established. He died September 
 4, 1588, from a sudden illness which attacked him as he 
 was returning home from the Court at Kenilworth. The 
 bill for his funeral amounted to £4000—an enormous 
 sum for that age. 
 
 TOMB OF EARL OF LEICESTER. 
 
 Against the south wall, and near the altar, is a fine 
 monument to Robert, infant son to the earl of Leicester 
 just mentioned. The tomb, which is of the altar kind, 
 has a finely-sculptured figure of a child, seven or eight 
 years old, An epitaph bears that the tomb contains the 
 body of ‘‘the noble Impe, Robert of Dudley, Baron of 
 
WARWICK. 205 
 
 Denbigh, sonne of Robert Earl of Leicester, and nephew 
 and heir to Ambrose Earl of Warwick. A child of Great 
 Parentage, but of farr greater hope and towardness, taken 
 from this transitory unto the everlasting life in his tender 
 age at Wanstead, in Essex, on Sundaye the 19th of July 
 in the year of our Lord God 1584.” He was born to 
 the earl by the Countess of Essex, and is said to have 
 been poisoned by his nurse. 
 
 The Chantry is on the north side of the building. The 
 tourist will be interested by its fine roof of pendent 
 capitals, its floor of black and red glazed tiles, and its 
 small piscina. The Oratory, or as some call it, the Con- 
 fessional, is reached by an ascent of four steps from the 
 north side of the chantry. The roof is fan-vaulted. At 
 the east end is a seat, and beside it an oblique opening in 
 the wall, through which confession is supposed to have 
 been made. ‘The place, however, in the opinion of some 
 antiquarians, is a very unusual one for confession, being 
 so near the choir and high altar. Below the choir, and 
 entered from the churchyard, is a very interesting crypt, 
 possibly part of the original church. At the north- 
 eastern end is the burial-place of the earls of Warwick. 
 In this crypt is preserved an ancient ducking-stool for 
 punishing scolds. It consists of a strong wooden frame 
 on three low wheels to which a chain is attached. Among 
 the monkish relics which were exhibited in the church 
 before the Reformation were the following :—“ Part of 
 the chair of the patriarch Abraham ; of the burning bush 
 of Moses; of the manger in which Jesus was laid; a 
 thorn from His crown ; a piece of the cross; part of the 
 towel in which His body was wrapped by Nicodemus’; 
 some hair of the Virgin Mary ; parts of her girdle and of 
 
206 WARWICK. 
 
 her sepulchre ; part of the face of St. Stephen ; bones of 
 Egidus, King Edward, St. Swithin, Alkemand, Rufus ; 
 bones of the Innocents; relics of St. James, St. George, 
 St. Nicholas ; and part of the penitential garment of St. 
 Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury.” 
 
 St. NicHouas’s CHURCH is a modern structure, having 
 been erected in 1799. A religious edifice occupying this 
 site was destroyed by Canute the Dane in 1016, and 
 rebuilt by Henry de Newburgh, the first Norman earl, 
 whose son granted it to the canons of the collegiate church 
 of St. Mary’s, which he had lately founded. At the 
 Dissolution it was granted by Henry VIII. to the 
 burgesses of Warwick. In 1748 the ancient tower was 
 taken down, and replaced by the present tower and spire ; 
 and in 1779 the body was rebuilt. It contains several 
 monuments of some antiquity but no importance, 
 
 Sr. Paut’s CHurcu, Friars Street, erected in 1844 as 
 a chapel of ease to St. Mary’s, is of no architectural im- 
 portance. Its east window, a good specimen of stained 
 glass, is the production of a Warwick house. 
 
 Service is also performed in the chapel of St. James, 
 over the West Gate, noticed below. 
 
 There are several Dissenting chapels, but they are 
 architecturally unimportant. The first minister of the 
 Independent Chapel, Cow Lane, was the Rey. John Newton, 
 the friend of Cowper, and author of the ‘‘ Olney Hymns,” 
 
 Leicester's Hospitat, a fine example of the old half- 
 timber style of building, stands at the western extremity 
 of High Street. This structure originally belonged to 
 the guilds of “ The Holy Trinity and the Blessed Virgin” 
 and ‘*‘ St, George the Martyr,” and came after the Dissolu- 
 tion into the possession of the famous Robert Dudley, 
 
WARWICK. 207 
 
 Earl of Leicester, who endowed it as a collegiate hospital 
 for twelve impotent men, and one master, a professor of 
 divinity The men admitted to this charity are called 
 ‘‘ brethren,” and must wear a blue gown with Leicester’s 
 crest of a bear and ragged staff on the left sleeve, without 
 which badge they are not allowed to appear in public. 
 An Act of Parliament was obtained in 1813 modifying 
 the original settlement. The allowance to each brother 
 was made £80 a year, while his patent cost £8; the 
 master’s salary was advanced to £400. The annual 
 revenue of the institution is about £3000 per annum. 
 In the appointment of brethren (which rests in the heir- 
 general of the noble founder) the preference is given to 
 those who have been maimed in the service of their 
 country. Candidates must not have more than £5 a 
 year. The garden of the Hospital is very tastefully laid 
 out, and commands a fine view of the adjacent country. 
 In the adjoining CHAPEL or St. JAMES, over the West 
 Gate of the town, the brethren meet for daily prayer, 
 except when there is service at St. Mary’s, when they 
 are required to attend there. This small chapel is neatly 
 fitted up for the use of the master and brethren, and has 
 a fine window of stained glass, and a good painting of the 
 Ascension by Millar. It has been restored under the 
 care of the late Sir Gilbert Scott, and the statutes of the 
 Hospital are hung around its walls. It was in the 
 
 1 Its second master was Thomas Cartwright, one of the founders of 
 English Puritanism. He was one of the first to use extempore prayer in 
 public worship, and when he preached in St. Mary’s the windows had to 
 be removed, so that the overflowing congregation in the churchyard might 
 hear him. For some time he was Margaret Professor of Divinity at Cam- 
 ' bridge, but on account of his opinions he was deprived of his ecclesiastical 
 appointments, and, after trial before the Star Chamber, was imprisoned for 
 some time in the Fleet. 
 
208 WARWICK. 
 
 Great Hall that James I. was entertained by Sir Fulke 
 Greville, chancellor of the exchequer, and a tablet at the 
 upper end commemorates the circumstance, In the 
 kitchen there is preserved an old Saxon chair. 
 
 The Priory or Sr. SEpuLCHRE stood on the north 
 side of the town. It was founded in the reign of Henry 
 I. by Henry de Newburgh, Earl of Warwick, and his son, 
 on the site of the ancient church of St. Helen’s, This 
 religious house, which was instituted for regular canons, 
 in imitation of the order of the Holy Sepulchre at 
 _ Jerusalem, prospered greatly under the fostering care of 
 the earls of Warwick, and was possessed of many estates 
 at the Dissolution. It was then bestowed on Thomas 
 Hawkins, who pulled down the ancient edifice and 
 erected the present building, which is a good specimen of 
 the Elizabethan style of domestic architecture. 
 
 The Kr1ne’s ScHOOL, an antique edifice at the east end 
 of St. Mary’s churchyard, was built in the reign of Henry 
 VI. by Richard Beauchamp, and endowed by Henry 
 VIII., for the education, free of expense, of the native 
 children of the town. The old buildings are now used 
 as a middle school, while new buildings for a grammar 
 school have been erected in Myton Road, and a girls’ 
 school established at East House. 
 
 There are several charitable institutions deserving of 
 mention, Sir THoMAS WHITE’s CHARITY, with a revenue 
 of £800 a year, assists young tradesmen by the free loan 
 of £50 for nine years, on giving good security. The 
 charity of Henry VIII. has an annual income of mages 
 The ALMSHOUSES are numerous, 
 
 THe Town Gates.—The ancient ornamental entrances 
 to the town, called respectively the East and West gates, 
 
WARWICK. 209 
 
 are in good though not appropriate repair, having been 
 from time to time cased, without any pains to preserve 
 their original character. They are situated at the oppo- 
 site ends of the main street. The Hast Gate has over it 
 the chapel of St. Peter, built in the reign of Henry VI., 
 now the town-crier’s residence. The West Gate, called 
 also the Hongyng Gate, has above it the chapel of St. 
 James, This chapel was given to the church of St. Mary 
 by Rodger de Newburgh, Earl of Warwick. Subsequently 
 it was bestowed by Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of 
 Warwick, on the guild of St. George ; and eventually it 
 came into the possession of Robert Dudley, Earl of 
 Leicester, who appropriated it to the use of the brethren 
 of the neighbouring hospital founded by him. There is 
 an oil painting of the Ascension above the communion 
 table. ; 
 
 Several other public buildings may be mentioned. The 
 County Hatt, erected about the year 1776, is a hand- 
 some edifice, with a front ornamented with Corinthian 
 columns. The Court-Hovuss, erected in 1730, is used 
 for municipal business, town meetings, and occasional 
 festive gatherings. The County Gaon was erected in 
 1861. The Minitary BricapE Depot occupies 13 acres of 
 ground. Inthe Market Square is a fountain erected in 
 commemoration of her Majesty’s visit to Warwick Castle 
 in 1858. The Mvusrum in the Market-House contains 
 some interesting objects. There is also a Frez PuBuic 
 Liprary with 8000 volumes. 
 
210 WARWICK. 
 
 ENTRANCE TO WARWICK CASTLE (16TH CENTURY). 
 
 WARWICK CASTLE. 
 
 Warwick Castiz, ‘‘ that fairest monument,” as Scott 
 calls it, “of ancient and chivalrous splendour which yet 
 remains uninjured by time,” is situated at the south-east 
 side of the town on a rock, the base of which is washed 
 by the Avon. A fire did much damage to the castle in 
 1871, but the destroyed portions were restored precisely 
 as they had been before the fire. The foundation of 
 
WARWICK. 211 
 
 this castle is attributed to Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred 
 the Great, in 915. The building erected by this lady 
 was styled the Dungeon, and is supposed to have occupied 
 an artificial mound of earth on the west side of the present 
 structure. Turchill, who possessed it at the time of the 
 Conquest, and added considerably to its fortifications by 
 direction of King William, was shortly afterwards removed 
 to make way for Henry de Newburgh, constituted the 
 first Norman Earl of Warwick. In the war with the 
 barons, which embroiled the latter years of the reign of 
 Henry III., the castle was surprised by the rebels, and, 
 with the exception of the towers, levelled with the ground. 
 It was restored and greatly strengthened by Thomas de 
 Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in the reign of Edward IIL. 
 His son, of the same name, built Guy’s Tower, in ‘the 
 north-east part of the building, in 1394. Various addi- 
 tions were made from time to time; and it is stated that 
 the foundation of a new tower was laid by Richard III. 
 Sir Fulke Greville, afterwards Lord Brooke, to whom the 
 estate was granted by James I, restored the castle from 
 the ruinous and dilapidated condition into which it had 
 been suffered to fall. He expended the enormous sum, 
 for that time, of £20,000 in repairs and embellishments, 
 making it, as Dugdale remarks, “not only a place of 
 great strength, but extraordinary delight; with most 
 pleasant gardens, walks, and thickets, such as this part of 
 England can hardly parallel ; so that now it is the most 
 princely seat that is within the midland parts of this 
 realm.” During the Parliamentary war an unsuccessful 
 attack was made on the castle by the Earl of Northampton, 
 August 1642. On this occasion it was gallantly defended 
 by Sir Edward Peyto, with a single piece of ordnance, until 
 
212 WARWICK. 
 
 relieved by Lord Brooke. The castle and estate have 
 continued down to the present day in the family of 
 jreville. The title of Earl of Warwick, however, did 
 not come into this family till 1759, when, on its extine- 
 tion in the person of the last male representative of the 
 house of Rich, Earls of Warwick and Holland (with whom 
 it had remained since 1618), it was conferred on the 
 eighth Lord Brooke. George, second Earl Brooke and 
 Warwick, grandfather of the present earl, expended vast 
 sums in the adornment of the castle and grounds, 
 
 On entering within the principal gateway, the tourist 
 will be invited to inspect the objects of interest contained 
 in the PortEr’s Lopez. These consist chiefly of very 
 imposing relics of the legendary Guy of Warwick. Here 
 are ‘shown Guy’s sword, shield, breastplate, helmet, and 
 walking-staff,—all of enormous weight and size. The 
 helmet weighs 7 lbs, the shield 32, the sword 20, the 
 breastplate 52. The horse armour is of a later date, and 
 of lighter construction. Other relics of Guy are an 
 immense rib of the famous dun cow which he killed at 
 Dunsmore heath, the pith of her horns, and one joint of 
 the spine; the tusk and shoulder-blade of a wild boar ; 
 his lady’s iron stirrups and slippers, etc. Besides these 
 relics, the Porter’s Lodge contains a Toledo sword, a 
 Spanish halbert, maces, daggers, bar, chain, and spike- 
 shot, found in the outer court ; and a stone coffin found 
 in the inner court. Guy’s porridge-pot has lately been 
 removed tothe Baronial Hall. It is a large pot of bell 
 metal, capable of containing 102 gallons, and produces a 
 deafening sound when struck with the flesh-fork, which 
 in dimensions resembles a pitchfork. On special occasions, 
 such as the coming of age of the heir of the house, it is 
 
WARWICK. Ad We 
 
 used as a punch-bowl, when, large as it is, it is filled and 
 emptied more than once. 
 
 The approach to the castle is by a winding road cut 
 out of the solid rock, at the termination of which the 
 majestic structure bursts at once on the view. The two 
 lofty towers immediately arrest the eye. That on the 
 left is Ceesar’s Tower, the most ancient part of the build- 
 ing. On the right is Guy’s Tower, so named in honour 
 of the famous champion whose relics have just been 
 examined, These will be noticed in a survey of the 
 grounds and exterior features of the building. 
 
 The principal entrance to the castle is by a flight of 
 steps through a Gothic porch on the south-east side of 
 the inner court. This gives the visitor admission to the 
 GREAT Baronrat Hatt, which along with the dining- 
 room was entirely consumed by the recent fire, excepting 
 the external walls. It has now been entirely restored, 
 and forms as before the first of a magnificent suite of 
 apartments, the whole length of which can be taken in 
 at a glance. The hall is 62 ft. long, 40 wide, and 35 
 high. The ancient ceiling was removed in 18380, when 
 an elaborately-wrought Gothic roof (designed by Poynter 
 of London) was substituted, blazoned, not merely with the 
 arms of the present noble earl, but also with the armorial 
 bearings of the different earls and dukes of Warwick who 
 have been knights of St. George, as well as the quarterings 
 of the noble families with which the house of Warwick 
 has been allied in different generations. The floor of the 
 hall consists of polished squares of white and red Venetian 
 marble, alternately arranged in lozenge fashion. This 
 floor, which was expressly cut and prepared at Venice, 
 has been seriously damaged wherever the richly-carved 
 
oin WARWICK. 
 
 roof collapsed, and the ponderous beams fell from above. 
 The apartment was lined with ancient armour, weapons, 
 carvings, and other curiosities, nearly all of which have 
 perished. Over the west door is suspended a large gun 
 of curious workmanship, taken from a Spanish ship by 
 Lord Archibald Hamilton, great-grandfather of the late 
 earl. Here, too, are preserved a helmet of Oliver Crom- 
 well’s, and the leathern doublet (spotted with blood) in 
 which Lord Brooke, one of the generals of the Parliament- 
 ary army, was killed in 1643. 
 
 From the windows of the Great Hall, as indeed also 
 from those of the other apartments, fine views are to be 
 obtained. A hundred feet below flows the Avon, washing 
 the castle’s base. A bar, over which the stream has a 
 tiny fall, as some of its water is diverted for the purpose 
 of turning an old mill, and the remains of an ancient 
 bridge in the middle of the stream, richly decked with 
 shrubs, add very much to the picturesqueness of the scene. 
 Farther up the stream is seen the New Bridge, a fine span 
 of 105 ft. The more distant landscape is very fine, 
 taking in the windings of the river for a considerable 
 distance through open and wooded country, the view 
 being bounded in the far distance by the hills of Wor- 
 cestershire and Gloucestershire. 
 
 Before leaving the Great Hall the visitor would do 
 well to look down the long arched chapel passage, as 
 from this point a splendid equestrian picture of Charles 
 I. by Vandyke can be seen to great advantage. The king 
 is mounted on a gray horse, and attended by his equerry, 
 Mons. de St. Antoine, bearing his helmet. The effect is 
 most life-like. It is said that Sir Joshua Reynolds offered 
 500 guineas for this painting. 
 
WARWICK. vig a 
 
 The Great Banquetine Hatt, which almost entirely 
 escaped the ravages of the fire, contains some fine antlers 
 of the Irish elk deer. 
 
 The ‘‘ Kenilworth Buffet,” an exquisite piece of decora- 
 tive furniture, demands a distinct notice. It was con- 
 structed out of a colossal oak-tree from the grounds of 
 Kenilworth Castle, measuring 10 ft. in diameter, and 
 containing 600 cubic ft. of timber. It was executed by 
 Cookes and Sons, cabinetmakers and decorative artists of 
 Warwick, who very appropriately took the subjects for 
 their carved relievos from Scott’s novel of Kenilworth. 
 The carving on the centre panel represents Queen 
 Elizabeth entering the castle in state ; that on the left is 
 devoted to the well-known scene of Amy Robsart in the 
 grotto casting herself on the protection of Elizabeth ; and 
 that on the right has for its subject Leicester confessing 
 his marriage to the Queen. This fine specimen of art was 
 exhibited at the “world’s fair” of 1851. It was pur- 
 chased for £1200, and presented by the county to the 
 present Earl of Warwick, on the occasion of his marriage, 
 10th March 1852. It has now been removed to the 
 Library. . 
 
 The Dintne-Room, the floor of which was unburnt, 
 enters off the Banqueting Hall. It is richly gilt, and 
 adorned with representations of lions by Rubens. 
 
 Two large Etruscan vases here, and the busts of 
 Augustus Cesar, Scipio Africanus, and the Emperor 
 Trajan, were also scarcely injured. This room is 
 adorned with paintings of Frederick Prince of Wales, by 
 Jonathan Richardson ; and of Augusta (his consort), and 
 an infant (George III.), by Philips. Happily almost all 
 the valuable paintings in the various state apartments 
 
216 WARWICK, 
 
 were saved from the fire of 1811, although many of them 
 had to be cut from their frames. 
 
 The Rep Drawina-Rooy, or ante-room, contains many 
 exquisite and valuable paintings, and other objects of art. 
 Above the chimney-piece, to the right, is a Dutch Burgo- 
 master (Rembrandt) ; to the left, the wife of Snyder 
 (Vandyke) ; opposite, Joanna of Arragon (Raphael) ; near 
 the window, Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, collector 
 of the Arundelian marbles (Rubens); near the door, on 
 the left, Marquis of Spinola (Rubens); in the centre, 
 Margaret, Duchess of Parma (Paolo Veronese) ; opposite 
 the window, a Lady and her Son (Vandyke). Some 
 beautiful urns and vases in marble and bronze adorn the 
 mantelpiece, tables, and buhl cabinets in this room. A 
 clock of curious and .beautiful workmanship is over the 
 mantelpiece. The table of “ pietra commessa” is formed 
 of precious stones tastefully fitted together, among which — 
 are the amethyst, the onyx, the sardonyx, the agate, and 
 lapis-lazuli. This room, which was but little injured by 
 the fire, also contains some very rare china. 
 
 The Cepar DraAawina-Room is exquisitely furnished. 
 On every side the eye is charmed with objects of art, 
 rare for their antiquity or splendid workmanship. On 
 the tables in this room, all of which are of a beautiful 
 and costly description, and one of which,! inlaid with 
 marble and lava from Vesuvius, will attract attention, 
 are placed, a marble bust from the Justinian Minerva at 
 Rome, two fine Etruscan vases, a beautiful wax model of 
 Venus, and two fine busts of the late Earl of Warwick 
 and the Countess of Warwick. The most interesting of 
 the paintings in this room are—Circe the Enchantress, a 
 
 1 The other is in the Gilt Drawing-Room. 
 
WARWICK. 217 
 
 noble painting by Guido; the Muse of Painting, by 
 William Patoun ; the well-known half-length portrait of 
 Charles I., by Vandyke ; James Graham, Marquis of 
 Montrose, and Don Ferdinand de Toledo, Duke of Alva, 
 both by the same artist ; and Edward Wortley Montague, 
 by Rowney. ; 
 
 The GREEN or Gitt DRAwine-Room.—The ceiling of 
 this room, which is magnificently gilt, attracts universal 
 admiration. On the chimney-piece, which is of elegant 
 workmanship, are fine vases, bronzes, and other antiques. 
 A Florentine table, brought from the Gremani Palace at 
 Venice, composed of precious stones valued at £10,000, 
 bronze statues of gladiators, and a fine cinque-cento 
 figure, in white marble, of the Faun Marsyas, deserve 
 notice, There is also a beautiful wax model of Venus. 
 The paintings in this apartment are of immense value. 
 That of Ignatius Loyola, opposite the fireplace, is one of 
 the finest and most valuable pictures in the extensive 
 collection of the Earl of Warwick. It is a full-length 
 portrait by Rubens, and was painted for the Jesuit Col- 
 lege of Antwerp, whence it was brought to this country 
 soon after the French Revolution. Right and léft of this 
 picture are portraits by Vandyke, Lely, and Jansens. 
 The following will be found deserving of special notice : 
 Mary Queen of Scots and her son James I. of England, 
 over the mantelpiece ; two portraits of the Earl of Strat- 
 ford ; portraits of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria, his 
 consort; Prince Rupert, whole-length, by Vandyke ; 
 Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick, and Lord High Admiral 
 of England during the Commonwealth, by Vandyke ; 
 Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, a magnificent full- 
 length portrait by Rubens; Robert Dudley, Earl of 
 
218 WARWICK. 
 
 Leicester, the favourite of Queen Elizabeth ; and a Girl 
 blowing bubbles, by Murillo. 
 
 The State Bep-Room.—The chief object of interest in 
 this apartment is the bed of Queen Anne. The bed and 
 its furniture are of crimson velvet, embroidered with ~ 
 green and yellow silk, and were presented to the great- 
 grandfather of the present earl by George III. Queen 
 Elizabeth slept in this room when on a visit to Warwick 
 Castle. The walls are hung with curious tapestry, made 
 at Brussels in 1604, and supposed to represent the gardens 
 of Versailles. This room contains some rich buhl cabinets,. 
 vases, antique Indian bowls, small marble figures, and a 
 very valuable pietra commessa table. There are portraits 
 of Queen Anne, by Kneller, full-length ; Robert Devereux, 
 Earl of Essex, by Zucchero ; Marquis of Huntly, by Van- 
 dyke ; Sir Robert Walpole. The marble chimney-piece 
 is by Westmacott. 
 
 Lapy Warwicr’s Bouporr is a delightful retreat, at 
 the west end of the castle, terminating this range of 
 apartments. It is hung with pea-green silk and velvet, 
 and the furniture and ornaments are of the richest and 
 most tasteful kind. Its windows, too, command a fine 
 and varied prospect. It is adorned by bronze casts, 
 eroups in terra-cotta, crystal vases, ormolu, buhl, and 
 marqueterie tables, and stands, ete. There is also a large 
 number of paintings, many of which are of historical 
 interest. Here is the portrait of “ bluff King Hal,” a 
 half-length, by Holbein, and one of Anne Boleyn, by the 
 same artist; one of the Duchess of Cleveland, by Lely, 
 as well as portraits of several others of the beauties of 
 the court of Charles II. ; a fine half-length portrait of 
 Martin Luther, by Holbein; Henry IV. of France, by 
 
WARWICK. 219 
 
 Patoun ; a head of St. Jerome, and a Boar Hunt, by 
 Rubens. There are also landscapes, figures, and sacred 
 ‘subjects, by Salvator Rosa, Teniers the younger, Gerard 
 Dow, Vandervelde the younger, Vandyke, ete. 
 
 The Compass Room comes next. It has a fine window 
 of painted glass, said to be the work of Rubens. Among 
 the paintings are—Head of an Old Woman, by Rubens ; 
 A Reformer, by William Van Mieris ; Storm at Sea, by 
 Vandervelde the younger; a Bacchanalian group, by 
 Rubens ; Triton and Sea-Horses, by the same great 
 master ; and Napoleon I., by David. 
 
 The CHapEL Passace contains a beautiful bust in 
 white marble of Edward the Black Prince ; the equestrian 
 painting of Charles I., by Vandyke, already noticed; Mrs. 
 Siddons, by Reynolds; and the Duke of Parma, by P. 
 Veronese. The Chapel itself does not call for any special 
 notice. It is tastefully fitted up; its Gothic windows, 
 temp. Elizabeth, being filled with painted glass. 
 
 The Armour PassaGE, which is entered from the bou- 
 doir, contains a plaster cast of the face of Oliver Cromwell, 
 specimens of cut glass, bronzes, and a complete collection 
 of English arms from the time of the Conquest. Among 
 these may be seen the coat-of-mail in which Elizabeth 
 reviewed her troops at Tilbury Fort, and a suit of plate 
 armour made for Robert Dudley, a son of Robert, Earl of 
 Leicester. 
 
 The New Liprary, recently built between the Czesar’s 
 Tower and the Clock Tower, was constructed by the pre- 
 sent earl to receive a series of books relating to Warwick- 
 shire. It also contains the Kenilworth Buffet which 
 formerly stood in the Banqueting Hall. 
 
 After completing the examination of the interior of the 
 
220 WARWICK. 
 
 castle, the tourist may proceed to view the TOWERS AND 
 GrounpDs. Ccsar’s Tower is evidently the most ancient 
 part of the structure. Itis octangular in form, of immense 
 strength, and in excellent preservation. Beneath it is a 
 gloomy dungeon, with inscriptions on its walls by some of 
 the miserable wretches who have pined within it. This 
 tower is 147 ft. high. Guy’s Tower, to the top of which 
 the tourist may ascend if he please, was built in 1394 by 
 the second Thomas de Beauchamp. From the base to the 
 battlements it measures about 130 ft., but looks higher 
 and more imposing than Cesar’s Tower from being built 
 on amore elevated part of the rock. On the walls of 
 various apartments in this tower may be seen devices of 
 various kinds, fleurs de lys, initials, names, and sentences 
 in English or French scraped in relief,—the work, doubt- 
 less, of long and weary hours of captivity.1 A fine view 
 is to be had from the summit of the Tower. The position 
 of the ancient moat may be very distinctly seen below. 
 Besides the smaller towers, which do not require any 
 special notice, the tourist should not fail to visit the 
 GREENHOUSE, Which contains the famous Warwick Vase. 
 This exquisite work of Grecian art was discovered in 1774, 
 at the bottom of a lake near the Emperor Hadrian’s 
 Tiburtine villa at Tivoli, 14 miles from Rome, and pur- 
 chased by Sir William Hamilton, then ambassador at 
 Naples. It is of white marble, of circular shape, measur- 
 ing, including the plinth, nearly 7 ft. in height; in 
 
 1 The Earl of Lindsey, who, when his father was fatally wounded at 
 Edge Hill, gave himself up to attend on him, was imprisoned here in the 
 first guard-room ; while in the second guard-room will be observed an in- 
 scription, evidently carved by a German prisoner, ‘‘ Ich bin ein gefangene.” 
 
 Off the latter room entrance is obtained to the Torture-Room, where there _ 
 is a Latin inscription, the work of a captive priest. 
 
VICINITY OF WARWICK. 221 
 
 circumference it is 21 ft.; and it is capable of holding 
 163 gallons. We copy the inscription :— 
 
 Hoc pristine Artis 
 Romane Q. Magnificentise Monumentum 
 
 Ruderibus Ville Tiburtine 
 
 Hadriano Aug. In Deliciis Habite Effosum 
 
 Restitui Curavit 
 Eques Gulielmus Hamilton 
 A Georgio III. Mag. Brit. Rege 
 
 Ad Sicil. Regem Ferdinandum IV, Legatus 
 
 Et in patriam transmissum 
 Patrio Bonarum Artium Genio Dicavit 
 An. Ac, n, CIODCCLXXIV. 
 
 Visitors are allowed to walk through the pleasure- 
 grounds, which are charmingly laid out. Among the 
 fine trees which adorn them the stately cedars of Lebanon 
 will not fail to attract admiration. 
 
 VICINITY oF WARWICK.! 
 
 BARFORD, 3 miles south-west of Warwick, was anciently 
 owned by a family called Bereford. It afterwards passed 
 to the Nashfords, who sold it to Guy, Earl of Warwick, 
 in the reign of King John. The church, dedicated to 
 St. Peter, was originally connected with the monastery 
 of Evesham. The tower bears the mark of cannon balls, 
 and is said to have been fired by the Parliamentary forces. 
 It contains four bells. 
 
 Guy’s Curr is about 14 mile north-east of Warwick 
 and 14 south-west of Leamington. To this place, 
 according to the old legends, Guy of Warwick retired, 
 
 1 See also the VicINITY OF LEAMINGTON. 
 
292, VICINITY OF WARWICK. 
 
 after renouncing war and love, and scooped for himself 
 a cave out of the rock, in which he lived, and died, 
 and was buried. There can be no doubt that there was 
 a hermitage here from a very early period. Richard 
 Beauchamp founded a chantry for two priests in 1422, 
 and in pursuance of his will the chapel was rebuilt, and 
 the statue of Guy erected init. John Rous, the Warwick 
 antiquary, was priest here in the reign of Edward IV. 
 At the Dissolution the chapel and its possessions were 
 bestowed upon Sir Edward Flammock. After various 
 transmissions it came through marriage to the late Lord 
 Bertie Percy, brother of the Duke of Northumberland. 
 
 Leland calls Guy’s Cliff ‘“‘the abode of pleasure, a 
 place meet for the Muses ;” Camden, ‘‘ the very seat of 
 pleasantness ;” and Sir William Dugdale remarked that 
 it is “a place this of so great delight, in respect to the 
 river gliding below the rock, the dry and wholesome 
 situation, and the fair grove of lofty elms overshadowing 
 it, that to one who desireth a retired life, either for his 
 devotions or study, the like is hardly to be found.” The 
 view of Guy’s Cliff from the Coventry road, through a 
 long and magnificent avenue of elm-trees, is universally 
 admired. More comprehensive views are to be obtained 
 from various parts of a footpath through the fields to 
 Leamington, past the church and village of Milverton. 
 The view in particular from the old mill where the foot- 
 bridge crosses the Avon, opposite Guy’s Cliff, is extremely. 
 picturesque. The house is only shown to visitors when 
 the family is not at home; but the views of scenery in 
 the neighbourhood are so fine that the tourist will scarcely 
 think his time lost, even though he may not have the 
 opportunity of inspecting it. 
 
VICINITY OF WARWICK, 223 
 
 The singular excavations in the rock which rises in the 
 courtyard were probably the 
 work of the hermits and 
 chantry priests of former 
 times, perhaps undertaken in 
 initation of the devout Sir 
 Guy. On the left hand is 
 the Chapel of the Magdalen, 
 built on the rock, contain- 
 ing a statue of Guy, 8 ft. 
 high, much defaced! Gay's 
 Cave will be viewed with in- 
 terest. According to the old 
 legend the cave was con- 
 structed by himself— 
 
 ‘Here with my hands I hewed a house 
 Out of a craggy rock of stone ; 
 And lived like a palmer poor, 
 Within that cave myself alone.” 
 
 The cave is small and somewhat of a half-moon shape. 
 The original entrance was through a small aperture in the 
 face of the cliffs high above the level of the floor. On 
 one side of the cave are some traces of an inscription in 
 Saxon characters, much too faint to be deciphered. Guys 
 Well is also shown, and a walk is named after the fair 
 Phillis, who, as the legend runs, used often to give alms 
 to the hermit, and to resort to him for his saintly counsel, 
 never dreaming that the solitary man was her long-lost 
 husband, whom she believed to be dead or a captive in the 
 Holy Land. Guy was induced to betake himself to this 
 
 1 The engraving given above represents this statue as it existed in the 
 time of Pennant, when it was still uninjured. 
 
294 VICINITY OF WARWICK. 
 
 life of penance and mortification from a deep feeling of 
 remorse for having wrought so much mischief and blood- 
 shed in the world for the sake of one woman, Phillis 
 having, like the noble ladies of her time, required deeds 
 of arms from her lover before she would yield to his 
 affection. Guy made himself known to her when he was 
 dying, and of course the story ends with their being buried 
 in the same grave. 
 
 The house is comparatively modern, the principal part 
 being built early in the 18th century by Samuel Great- 
 heed, Esq. Various additions have been made more 
 recently. The apartments shown to visitors contain many 
 fine paintings and other objects of interest. Several of the 
 pictures are by Mr. Greatheed, the last possessor of that 
 name, and by his son, a youth of great talent and pro- 
 mise, who died in 1804, at the early age of twenty-two. 
 The steps leading to the entrance-hall are ornamented in 
 plaster. In a recess is a cast of the Venus de’ Medici. 
 The Small Drawing-Room contains some family portraits, 
 among them two of the Earls of Lindsey. There are also 
 pictures by Van Eyck, Van Steen, Biltius, Vander Myn, 
 
 Wouvermans, etc. The Library contains a fine view in ~ 
 
 Venice, by Canaletti ; a portrait by Lauder of the Hon. 
 C. B. Percy ; a Pot-House, by Brouwer ; a Pouting Child, 
 by Sir Joshua Reynolds ; Jonah cast on the Dry Land, by 
 
 Salvator Rosa; and one or two fine copies by the old - 
 
 masters. The Drawing-Room, besides family portraits 
 (Duchess of Ancaster, by Sir Godfrey Kneller; and Hon. 
 Mrs. Percy and her daughter, from Cregan), contains 
 several valuable pictures, the chief of which are:—A 
 View on the River Maese, by Albert Cuyp; View of 
 Dort, by Van Goyen ; Cupid blowing bubbles, by Casti- 
 
 ' 
 
VICINITY OF WARWICK. 225 
 
 glione; the Angels appearing to the Shepherds, by Bassano; 
 and a copy of the Madonna and Child, by Raphael, in 
 the Dresden Gallery. The view from the window of this 
 room is highly picturesque. In the Vestibule are Venus 
 and Adonis, by Ritscher; a Landscape, by Ruysdael ; 
 Christ and the Woman of Samaria, by Sebastian Ricci ; 
 and a painting by the younger Mr. Greatheed, already 
 alluded to, having for its subject the Discovery by 
 Atahualpa of Pizarro’s ignorance of reading and writ- 
 ing. In the arcade to which this room opens are 
 some fine Italian vases. The Dining- Room contains 
 a large picture by the younger Greatheed, the “Cave 
 of Despair,” as described in Spenser’s Faérie Queene—a 
 subject which the young artist has treated with consider- 
 
 able power. There is here also a bronze equestrian 
 statue of the Duke of Cumberland. The Small Dining- 
 Room is adorned with pictures by the late Mr. Greatheed. 
 The portrait of Napoleon was pronounced by the emperor’s 
 mother the most striking resemblance of her son that she 
 had ever seen, yet Mr. Greatheed had only the means of 
 seeing Napoleon at a public audience, There are three 
 subjects from Shakespeare :—King Lear and his Daughter, 
 Macbeth and his Lady, and Shylock. In addition to 
 these, there are copies, well executed, of the St. Jerome 
 of Correggio, and of Diogenes by Spagnoletto. This room 
 also contains busts of John and Charles Kemble, and Mrs. _ 
 Siddons and her daughter. Mrs, Siddons lived for some 
 time at Guy’s Cliff as waiting-woman to Lady Mary 
 Greatheed. 
 
 A little beyond Guy’s Cliff, on the opposite side of 
 the Kenilworth road, is a small wooded eminence called 
 Biacktow Hitn, the scene of the summary execution 
 
 Q 
 
226 VICINITY OF WARWICK. 
 
 of Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, the favourite of 
 Edward II. Having surrendered himself, on a promise 
 of safety, to the insurgent barons, he was conveyed to 
 Deddington Castle, near Banbury ; which place being 
 attacked by Guy de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, the 
 unhappy prisoner was, after a mere show of resistance, 
 delivered up to him. Warwick bore a deadly hatred 
 to Gaveston, having been branded by him with the 
 epithet of ‘‘the black hound of Arden.” Gaveston 
 was carried off to Warwick Castle, and thence to Black- 
 low Hill, where he was beheaded. On the moss-grown 
 rock on its side may be seen the inscription, nearly 
 illegible: “P. Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, beheaded 
 here + 1311.” <A stone cross, erected by the late Mr. 
 Greatheed, adds materially to the picturesque beauty of the 
 spot. On its base is the following inscription :—“ On the 
 lst of July 1312, in the hollow of this rock, was beheaded 
 Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, the minion of a hateful 
 king ; in life, as in death, a striking instance of misrule.” 
 
 Hasgiry, 3 miles from Warwick and contiguous to 
 Hatton, was granted by Queen Mary to the ancient 
 family of Throckmorton. It supplies Warwick with 
 water. The church is dedicated to St. Mary, and has 
 an embattled tower, in which are three bells, one of which 
 has an inscription to the Virgin written in Lombardie, 
 In the chancel there is an ancient palimpsest brass in 
 memory of Sir Robert Throckmorton. 
 
 Hatton is 3 miles from Warwick, and 5 from Leam- 
 ington, on the Birmingham road, and about a mile 
 from the station of the same name. This small village 
 is noted as having been the residence of Dr. Samuel Parr, 
 who was curate of the parish for forty years. 
 
VICINITY OF WARWICK. 227 
 
 In early times it was called Heathtown, from the heath 
 surrounding it. It was in the possession of Henry de 
 Newburgh, and passed by marriage to the Clintons, from 
 whom it reverted to the Earls of Warwick. The church 
 and part of the lands were given to the nuns of Wroxhall 
 Abbey, who held them till the Dissolution. Dr. Parr 
 devoted much attention to the decorating of the church ; 
 but in 1880 it was almost entirely rebuilt with the 
 exception of the tower, which contains a peal of eight 
 bells cast at the expense of Dr. Parr. A tablet to the 
 memory of that celebrated classical scholar is in the 
 chancel. Some of the Latin monumental inscriptions in 
 the church are by Dr. Parr. | 
 
 On the way to Hatton from Warwick, about 2 miles 
 from the latter’ place, the tourist passes on his right the 
 County Lunatic Asylum, an extensive and elegant structure 
 in the Tudor style. It was erected at a cost of £50,000. 
 It has a frontage of 700 ft., and can accommodate from 
 300 to 400 patients. 
 
 About a mile south from the Hatton station are the 
 small remains of Pinley Abbey, a Benedictine nunnery 
 founded shortly after the Conquest. 
 
 Rowineton, 6 miles north-west of Warwick, possesses 
 a fine old Church, dating from the 13th century, and 
 dedicated to St. Lawrence. It underwent restoration 
 some years ago, when the whitewash which formerly dis- 
 figured it was removed. The nave possesses very lofty 
 arches, which give the interior somewhat the appearance 
 of a cathedral. 
 
 SHERBORNE is a village about 25 miles south of War- 
 wick. A Church erected some time before the Conquest 
 was subsequently granted to the Templars. The present 
 
228 VICINITY OF WARWICK. 
 
 church, designed by Sir Gilbert Scott, was erected in 1864 
 at a cost of £20,000, the gift of Miss Ryland, the lady 
 of the manor. A fine old yew-tree stands in the church- 
 yard, and near it the remains of an old cross. 
 
 WRoOxHALL ABBEY is 3 miles from Hatton, and 
 6 from Warwick, on the Birmingham road. Dugdale 
 tells a romantic legend regarding its foundation. Hugh 
 de Hatton, who held the lordships of Hatton and Wrox- 
 hall from Henry, Earl of Warwick, was taken prisoner 
 in the Holy Land, where he had been serving against 
 the Infidels, and confined there for seven years. The 
 good knight at length bethought himself of his patron- 
 saint St. Leonard, who appeared to him in a vision, and 
 after making him vow to erect a house of St. Benedict, 
 transported him miraculously to Wroxlhall woods, not 
 far from his own house. He fulfilled his vow by erect- 
 ing a nunnery here, and making two of his daughters 
 become nuns. At the Dissolution the abbey and its 
 possessions were granted to Robert Burgoyne, who 
 erected a mansion on its site. This mansion is in the 
 form of a quadrangle, the western front of which was 
 raised from its foundation by Robert Burgoyne, and 
 the southern and eastern sides adapted from the re- 
 mains of the previous building. The north side is 
 occupied by the church or chapel, which seems to have 
 been originally part of the cloisters. The manor was 
 purchased in 1713 by Sir Christopher Wren, the cele- 
 brated architect, with whose family it still remains. 
 The Church of St. Leonard’s, lately restored, was the 
 lady chapel of the priory. Dugdale ascribes the date 
 of the building to the early part of the reign of 
 Edward IJ. It is of the Decorated style, but without 
 
VICINITY OF WARWICK. 229 
 
 aisles, The ancient wood-carvings on the open seats 
 and communion-chairs, and three carved stones, which 
 have doubtless been brought here from some more 
 ancient part of the buildings, will attract some notice. 
 The stained glass is of great antiquity and in fair pre- 
 servation, The large east window has lost all its original 
 stained glass, and contains several shields of more recent 
 construction, One very perfect window contains in the 
 centre a figure of St. Benedict, with a crosier in his left 
 hand, and holding up the right in benediction. At the 
 bottom is an Agnus Dei, and on either side is a kneel- 
 ing figure. A smaller window, also perfect, is filled 
 with foliage. Two other windows contain fragments of 
 ancient stained glass, one of them having a tolerably 
 well-preserved representation of a male and female 
 kneeling. There are no ancient monuments in the 
 church, with the exception of a fragment of a monu- 
 mental brass, representing a female figure with her 
 hands joined in prayer. ‘This is supposed to belong to 
 the tomb of one of the abbesses, which was to be seen 
 in Dugdale’s time, and contained the following inscrip- 
 tion :—“ Domina Jocosa Breme, filia Johanis Breme, 
 et Priorissa de Wroxhall, obiit xxi Junii, anno M.D. 
 Xxvili.” 
 
» 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ADDERLEY Park (Birm.), 30 
 Addison’s Walk, 187 
 
 Albert Works (Birm.), 32 
 Alcester, 44, 170 
 
 Alcock Green, 41 
 Alderminster, 172 
 
 Allesley, 74 
 
 Alveston, 174 
 
 Ansley Hall, 189 
 
 Arbury Hall, 126 
 
 Arrow, 172 
 
 Astley Castle, 126 
 
 Aston and Aston Hall (Birm.), 36 
 Aston Park (Birm.), 30 
 Atherstone, 186 
 
 Atherstone Hall, 188 
 Atherstone-on-Stour, 172 
 Attwood Statue (Birm.), 24 
 Avon Dassett, 104 
 
 Avon River, 168 
 
 BAGINToN, 75 
 
 Balsall, 141 
 
 Barford, 221 
 Barton-on-the-Heath, 173 
 Beauchamp Chapel, 201 
 Beauchamp Court, 171 
 Beaudesert, 78 
 Bedworth, 75 
 Berkswell, 75 
 
 Bilton, 136 
 
 Bilton Hall, 1386 
 
 Binley, 49 
 
 Birchfield, 41 
 Birmingham, 9 
 Bishop’s Itchington, 44 
 Bishop’s Tackbrook, 44, 119 
 Bishopton, 173 
 Blacklow Hill, 225 
 Blythe Hall, 49 
 Bosworth Field, 187 
 Brandon, 50 
 
 Burton Dassett, 104 
 
 CaLDECOTE Hatt, 130 
 Calthorpe Park (Birm.), 30 
 Campus Martius, 190 
 
 Cannon Hall Park (Birm.), 30 
 Charlecote, 42, 174 
 Chesterton, 42 
 Church Lawford, 137 
 Church Over, 137 
 Clifton, 138 
 
 Clopton, 178 
 Coleshill, 39, 46 
 Combe Abbey, 49 
 Combroke, 104 
 Compton Fenny, 104 
 Compton Long, 104 
 Compton Verney, 105 
 
 Compton Winyates or Wyniates, 105 
 
 Coughton Manor, 171 
 Coventry, 54 
 
 DuNcHURCH, 138 
 
 EDGBASTON (Birm.), 39 
 Edgehill, 103 
 Edstone Grange, 81 
 
 FrnNY DRAYTON, 126 
 Foleshill, 75 
 
 Fosse Road, 43 
 Fulbroke Park, 180 
 
 Gaypon, 106 
 
 Godiva, Lady, legend of, 55 
 Gosford Green (Coventry), 58 
 Grandborough, 139 
 
 Great Bar, 41 
 
 Guy’s Cave and Well, 223 
 Guy’s Cliff, 76, 221 
 
 Hampton Lucy, 178 
 Handsworth (Birm.), 39. 
 Harborne, 40 
 
 Harbury, 44 
 
 Hartshill, 189, 190 
 
 Haseley, 226 
 
 Hathaway’s, Anne, Cottage, 179 
 Hatton, 226 
 
 Henley-in-Arden, 76, 140 
 Highgate Park (Birm.), 30 
 
232 
 
 IcKNIELD Roap, 41, 79, 170 
 Ilmington, 178 
 Ipsley, 79 
 
 JEPHSON GARDENS (Leamington), 117 
 
 KENILWORTH, 82 
 Kineton, 103, 179 
 King’s Norton, 40 
 Knowle, 76, 140 
 
 LAPWORTH, 79 
 
 Leamington, 108 
 
 Leicester’s Hospital (Warwick), 206 
 Lillington, 120 
 
 Little Lawford, 139 
 
 Luddington, 180 
 
 MANCESTER, 188 
 Manduessedum, 189 
 Manstoke Castle, 47 
 Merivale Hall, 188 
 Moreton Morrel, 106 
 
 NAPTON-ON-THE-HILL, 44 
 Newham Regis, 137 
 
 New Place (Stratford), 160 
 Newton, 138 
 
 Northfield, 41 
 
 Nuneaton, 126 
 
 OFFCHURCH, 120 
 Oldbury, 189 
 
 Packwoop Hovuss, 79 
 Peel Monument, 186 
 Perry Bar, 41 
 
 Pinley Abbey, 227 
 Polesworth, 190 
 Pooley Hall, 191 
 Princethorpe, 121 
 
 QUINTON, 41 
 
 RADFORD SEMELE, 125 
 
 Radway, 106 
 
 Ragley Park, 171 
 
 Ratley, 106 
 
 Red Horse Vale, 107 
 
 Roman remains at 
 Chesterton, 43 
 Church Over, 128 
 Hartshill, 190 
 Mancester, 188 
 Oldbury, 189 
 Seckington, 191 
 Sutton Coldfield, 41 
 
 Rowington, 227 
 
 Rugby, 130 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 SALTLEY, 40 
 
 Seckington, 191 
 
 Selly Oak, 41 
 
 Shakespeare’s Grave, 155 
 Shakespeare’s House, 147 
 Sherborne, 227 
 
 Shottery, 179 
 
 Shustock, 48 
 
 Small Heath Park (Birm.), 30 
 Smethwick, 41 
 
 Snitterfield, 180 
 
 Solihull, 76, 139 
 
 Southham, 45 
 
 Stockingford, 126 
 
 Stockton, 45 
 
 Stoneleigh, 122 
 Stratford-on-Avon, 143 
 Stretton-in-Dunsmore, 122 
 Studley, 180 
 
 Sturge Statue, 24 
 
 Styvechall, 75 
 
 Summerfield Park (Birm.), 30 
 Sutton Coldfield, 40 
 
 Sutton Park, 41 
 Sutton-under-Brailes, 181 
 Sydenham College (Birm.), 28 
 
 TAMWORTH, 182 
 Teddington, 174 
 
 Temple Balsall, 76, 141 
 Toledo Works (Birm.), 32 
 Tysoe, 107 
 
 Upton, 46 
 
 WALTON, 181 
 
 Warmington, 107 
 
 Warneford Hospital (Leamington), 
 117 
 
 Warwick, 191 
 
 Warwick Castle, 221 
 
 Washwood Heath, 41 
 
 Watling Street, 188 
 
 Weddington Church, 126 
 
 West Bromwich, 41 
 
 Whitley Abbey, 75 
 
 Whitnash, 125 
 
 Willesbourne, 181 
 
 Willoughby, 139 
 
 Wilton Cemetery (Birm.), 30 
 
 Wixford, 181 
 
 Woolston, 50 
 
 Wootton Wawen Hall, 81 
 
 Wroxhall Abbey, 228 
 
 YARDLEY, 41 
 
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ADVERTISEMENTS 
 
 Arranged Alphabetically according to Locality. 
 
 THORNTON & CO. 
 
 PATENTEES AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 REGISTERED WATERPROOFS. 
 For TOURISTS, ! 
 SPORTSMEN, 
 LADIES. 
 “The Celtic” Ventilating Waterproof. 
 
 Registered, Cool and Comfortable to 
 Wear, 25s. 
 
 “The Waverley” Fishing Stockings. 
 Thoroughly Tested and Warranted 
 Watertight, 16s. 
 
 “The Marie” Ladies’ Waterproof. 
 Perfect in Shape, 25s. 
 
 “The Pocket”? Waterproof. 
 For Tourists, Cyclists, Sportsmen, 
 from 10s. 
 
 “The Hold-all” in Waterproof 
 Cloth and Canvas, from ]%s. 6d. 
 “The Edinburgh ” Knapsack, 
 in Check Waterproof, 12s. 6d. 
 
 Specialties in Waterproof, Game, and Cartridge Bags, 
 
 Gun Covers, Carriage and Dog-Cart Aprons. 
 
 GOLD MEDAL, INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, EDINBURGH, 1886, © 
 For Excellence in Manufacture of Waterproof Fishing Outfits 
 
 GOLD MEDAL, INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION, 1882 
 
 For Excellence in Manufacture of Waterproof Goods. 
 
 EDINBURGH, 78 PRINCES STREET, 
 
 (OPPOSITE THE MOUND). 
 A 
 
2 ABERDEEN, 
 
 IMPERIAL HOTEL 
 
 (NEAREST FIRST-CLASS HOTEL TO THE RAILWAY STATION) 
 
 ABERDEEN, 
 
 Personally Patronised by their Princess Beatrice, 
 
 Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Christian, 
 
 SS aad at Prince Frederick Charles of 
 
 The Duke of Connaught, Prussia, 
 
 Prince Leopold, and other distinguished Visitors. 
 
 The only one in Aberdeen expressly built from the Foundation 
 as a First-Class Hotel, and for which purpose the 
 entire Building is expressly occupied. 
 
 THE IMPERIAL HAS LATELY BEEN ENLARGED 
 AND REFURNISHED. 
 
 HE IMPERIAL HOTEL is well known for its 
 home comforts, and is without exception the only 
 First-class Hotel in Aberdeen. 
 
 Address—The Manager. 
 
 To ANGLERS.—Gentlemen are Boarded at Moderate Rates 
 
 during the Spring and Autumn Fishing Season. 
 
ABERDEEN. 
 
 9 i 
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 Py a lifes 
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 mea 
 
 PALACE HOTEL, 
 
 Union Street and Bridge Street, 
 ABERDEEN. 
 
 One Hundred Yards from the Station and overlooking the Open 
 and Ornamental space of Denburn Gardens. 
 One of the largest, most recently erected, 
 and best appointed Hotels in Scotland. 
 
 Hotel Omnibus and Porter attend the arriva 
 of all through Trains. 
 
 HANDSOMELY FURNISHED DRAWING-ROOM, WITH 
 CHICKERING GRAND PIANO. 
 
 (Under the Patronage of the Courts of Europe.) 
 CHARLES MANN, 
 
 Proprietor and Manager. 
 
4 ABERDEEN—ABERYSTWITH. 
 
 ABERDEEN. 
 
 THE FORSYTH HOTEL 
 
 90 TO 104 UNION STREET. 
 
 First-Class, combined with Moderate Charges. 
 M. & E. WALKER. 
 
 DEESIDE HYDROPATHIC ee oe 
 HEATHCOT, near ABERDEEN. 
 
 HE Climate of Deeside is the healthiest in Scotland. Residents at this Establish- 
 ment have the privilege of preserved Salmon and Trout Fishing in the River Dee, 
 as it runs through the Estates of Heathcot and Ardoe. 
 The Turkish and other Baths are constructed with all the latest improvements 
 necessary for the practice of Hydropathy. 
 Terms per week, £2, 10s.; for two having same Bedroom, £2 each. 
 4k particulars apply to Dr. Stewart, Medical Superintendent, Heathcot, near 
 Aberdeen. 
 
 ABERYSTWITH. 
 
 QUEEN'S HOTEL. 
 
 HIS Hotel is situated on the Marine Terrace, facing the sea, and con- 
 tains several Private Sitting Rooms, Coffee Rooms, Ladies’ Drawing 
 Room, Library, and all its Bedrooms are pleasantly situated. 
 Table d’Hote at 6.30 o’clock during the Season. 
 Arrangements made for Families. 
 TARIFF ON APPLICATION. 
 W. H. PALMER, Proprietor. 
 
ABERFELDY—ASHBURTON. 5 
 
 ABERFELDY. 
 
 BREADALBANE ARMS HOTEL, 
 
 One minute's walk from the Station. 
 
 ITUATED at the entrance to the Glen and Falls of Moness, and 
 Birks of Aberfeldy, this Hotel is the best centre from which to visit 
 the most magnificent scenery in Scotland. 
 
 Coaches run daily in connection with Loch Tay Steamers. 
 
 Post Horses and Carriages of all descriptions. 
 Salmon and Trout Fishing on a beautiful stretch of the Tay, and 
 Trout Fishing on Loch-na-Craig, both with use of Boat Free. 
 
 OMNIBUS AWAITS ALL TRAINS, 
 Orders by Post or Telegraph punctually attended to, 
 
 ALEXANDER NICOL, Lessee, 
 
 ASHBURTON, DEVON. 
 
 GOLDEN LION HOTEL. 
 
 E. JNO. SAWDYE, Proprietor. 
 
 HIS Hotel, the principal one in the Town, is replete with 
 every convenience for the comfort of Tourists and 
 Travellers. It contains spacious Suites of Private Apartments, 
 has an extensive Garden attached, and is in the immediate 
 neighbourhood of the finest of the Dartmoor Tors, Haytor 
 Rock, the Buckland and Holne Chase Drives, the upper 
 reaches of the celebrated river Dart, and some of the most 
 picturesque of the world-famed Devonshire Scenery. 
 
 Post Horses and Carriages of every description. 
 
 Excellent Trout and Salmon Fishing may be had in the 
 neighbourhood on payment of a small fee. Particulars can be 
 obtained on application to the Proprietor of the Hotel. 
 
BALLATER—BANAVIE. 
 
 6 ABERFOYLE 
 ABERFOYLE. 
 
 BAILIE NICOL JARVIE HOTEL. 
 
 JAMES BLAIR, Proprietor. 
 
 OURISTS anp FAMILIES will find every comfort at this Hotel, which has recently 
 been altered and enlarged. Itis situated at the Starting Point of the New Road for 
 the Trossachs and Loch Katrine, and a short distance from Aberfoyle Station. In the 
 neighbourhood are the Famous Trouting waters of Loch Ard and Loch Chon, on which 
 Mr. Blair keeps boats for the use of Anglers and Pleasure Parties. Coaches are run 
 daily during the season to and from the Trossachs and Loch Katrine and connect the 
 
 steamer there with the trains at Aberfoyle. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Offices within two minutes’ walk of the Hotel. 
 POSTING [N ALL ITS BRANCHES. 
 
 BALLATER, 
 
 INVERCAULD ARMS HOTEL 
 
 UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT 
 
 In connection with the Invercauld Arms Hotel, Braemar. 
 POSTING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, COACH TO BRAEMAR DAILY ON AND AFTER 1st MAY, 
 
 (By Special Appointment Posting Master to the Queen. ) 
 M‘GREGOR. 
 
 BANAVIE, N.B. 
 
 LOCHIEL ARMS HOTEL. 
 
 Western Terminus of Caledonian Canal Steamers. 
 JOHN MENZIES, Proprietor. 
 Largest, finest, and most conveniently situated 
 Hotel on this Tourist Route. 
 
 BEN Nervis.—The only Hotel whose windows possess a 
 full view of the Mountain. 
 FAMILIES BOARDED. POSTING. 
 
 Telegraphic Address—MuENZIES, BANAVIE. 
 
 WV. B.—Passengers from South leave Steamer at Corpach only, where 
 Mr. MacBrayne’s Omnibuses await the arrival of Passengers for Banavie, free 
 of charge. 
 
BANGOR FERRY—BATH. 7 
 
 THE GEORGE HOTEL. 
 
 HIS high-classed and old-established Hotel and Posting House is 
 
 beautifully situated on the banks of the Menai Straits, close to the 
 
 Suspension and Tubular Bridges, and will be found the most central Hotel 
 for visiting the various places of interest in North Wales. 
 
 BILLIARDS. LAWN TENNIS. MopERATE CHARGES. 
 
 Omnibus meets Trains at Bangor Station. 
 Table d’Hote daily at 7 p.m., 4s. 6d. 
 WM. DUDLEY DANCE, Manager. 
 
 BATH. 
 
 Peoria htO TEL. 
 
 THE OtprEst EsTABLISHED and most CENTRAL for 
 Families, Private and Commercial Gentlemen. 
 NIGHT PORTER. 
 
 JOHN RUBIE, Proprietor. 
 
BATH—BELFAST—BERWICK——BETTWS-Y-COED. 
 
 "YORK HOUSE, BATH. 
 
 HIS first-class Hotel for Families and Gentlemen is most 
 centrally situated, close to the Post-Office, the Parks, 
 Assembly Rooms, Mineral Water Baths, etc. Table d’héte at 
 separate tables. Public Rooms; also Suites for Families. 
 Tariff moderate. L. ASHCROFT, Proprietor. 
 
 Also at St. Vincent’s Rocks Hotel, Clifton. 
 
 BELFAST. 
 THE IMPERIAL HOTEL. 
 
 FIRST-CLASS. BEST SITUATION. 
 Omnibuses meet all Trains and Steamers. 
 W. J. J URY, Proprietor. 
 
 ~ BERWICK- ON- TWEED. 
 
 KING'S ARMS HOTEL 
 
 AND POSTING HOUSE. 
 FOR FAMILIES AND COMMERCIAL GENTLEMEN. 
 The Hotel Omnibus meets the Trains from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. 
 JOHN CARR, Proprietor. 
 
 BETTWS-Y-COED, NORTH WALES. 
 
 WATERLOO HOTEL. 
 
 Close to the Waterloo Bridge, and a few minutes’ walk 
 From the Railway Station. 
 LAWN TENNIS. BILLIARDS. FISHING. 
 Posting. Excellent Stabling and Lock-up Coach-Houses. | 
 thee Proprietor runs the Daily Return Coaches between Bettws-y-Coed, Llanberis, 
 and Beddgelert. Seats can be secured at the Waterloo and Gwydyr Hotels, 
 Bettws-y-Coed, “the Padarn Villa and Dolbadarn Hotels, Llanberis, and the Royal Goat 
 Hotel, Beddgelert. A WELL-APPOINTED OMNIBUS ATTENDS ALL TRAINS. 
 TARIFF OF CHARGES ON APPLICATION TO 
 L. B. McCULLOCH, Proprietor. 
 
BETTWS-Y-COED—BIDEFORD. 9 
 
 —— 
 
 eT a 2 eas 
 
 Mitt til Mi nth 1a 
 
 BETTW g. y. COED. 
 
 ROYAL OAK HOTEL. 
 
 HIS Celebrated Hotel has an unrivalled situation, and is very suitable as a centre 
 
 from which the most beautiful scenery in North Wales may be visited. It is near 
 
 the Station, to which it has a private road. The coaches for Llanberis, Beddgelert, 
 and Bangor start daily from the Hotel. 
 
 AN OMNIBUS MEETS EVERY TRAIN. 
 FISHING TICKETS FOR ALL THE NEIGHBOURING RIVERS. 
 Billiards. Lawn Tennis. 
 POSTING. FIRST-CLASS STABLING. 
 EK. PULLAN, Proprietor. 
 
 BIDEFORD, NORTH DEVON. 
 
 TANTON'S HOTEL. 
 
 pes old-established and comfortable Hotel has recently been enlarged, consisting 
 
 of Bedrooms, Bath Room, Lavatories, and a splendid Billiard Room. It is situated 
 near and commanding Magnificent Views of the River Torridge and surrounding scenery. 
 Families will find this the best and most convenient Hotel for breaking their journey 
 to and from Clovelly, Westward Ho! and other places of interest. 
 
 Private Swites of Apartments. Coffee, Commercial, and Billiard Room. 
 Posting and Livery Stables. Omnibus to all Trains. 
 W. GIDDIE, Proprietor. 
 
10 BL AIR-ATHOLE. 
 
 BLAIR-ATHOLE 
 
 ATHOLE ARMS HOTEL. 
 
 Adjoining the Railway Station. 
 
 Noe one of the largest and best appointed Hotels in the 
 Highlands. 
 
 Tue SITUATION is unequalled as a centre from which to Visit 
 the finest Scenery of the PERTHSHIRE HIGHLANDS, comprising 
 KILLIECRANKIE; Locus TuMMEL and RANNOCH; GLEN TILT; 
 BRAEMAR ; the Fauus or Bruar, Garry, TUMMEL, and FENDER ; 
 DUNKELD ; TAyMouTH CasTLE and Locn Tay; the Grounps of 
 Bair CASTLE, etc. 
 
 This is also the most convenient resting-place for breaking the 
 long railway journey to and from the North of Scotland. 
 
 TABLE D’HorteE daily during the season in the well-known magni- 
 ficent Dintna Hat, with which is connected en suite a spacious and 
 elegantly furnished Drawine Room. 
 
 Special terms for Board by the week, except during August. 
 Tariff on Application. 
 THE Postina DEPARTMENT is thoroughly well equipped. 
 Experienced Guides and Ponies for Glen Tilt, Braemar, and Mountain 
 Excursions, Telegraphic Address—HOTEL, BLAIRATHOLE. 
 D. & P, T. MACDONALD, Proprietors. 
 
BLAIRGOWRIE—BOURNEMOUTH, ll 
 
 BLAIRGOWRIE. 
 QUEEN’S gag Onl Ea 
 
 Established Half a Century. 
 
 THE above long-established and first-class Horr has recently been much enlarged 
 
 and improved, so that Families, Tourists, and Commercial Gentlemen will find in 
 it every comfort and attention. Blairgowrie is on the shortest and most direct route to 
 Braemar and Balmoral, the drive to which is very grand, passing Craighall (General 
 Clerk-Rattray), one of the most picturesquely-situated mansions in Scotland. Post 
 Horses and Carriages of every description, with careful Drivers. 
 
 Charges strictly Moderate. 
 Coaches to Braemar early in July. Passengers booked at the Hotel. 
 
 An Omnibus waits all Trains. D. M‘DONALD, PROPRIETOR, 
 
 Orders by Post or Telegram for Rooms, Carriages, or Coach seats, carefully attended to. 
 
 BOURNEMOUTH. 
 
 “ADEN COURT,” 
 
 DURLEY GARDENS. 
 
 AMILY Boarding House. Attention to general comfort. Swperior 
 
 Beds. Lovely views, close to sea and pine woods. Near Bathing 
 
 beach and West Railway Station. Inclusive terms from Two Guineas per 
 week. There are a few private Suites. 
 
 Address—PROPRIETOR. 
 BOURNEMOUTH. 
 
 NEWLYN’S ROYAL EXETER HOTEL. 
 
 Patronised by the Royal Families of Europe. 
 
 HIS Old-Established Hotel, which is of world-wide reputation, has 
 been Extensively Enlarged and Refurnished, and is now undoubtedly 
 one of the Finest in the South of England. Its Position, Accommodation, 
 
 Appointments, and Cusine are unrivalled. 
 Proprietor, HENRY NEWLYN, 
 
 Many years Manager of Guards’ and other noted London Clubs, 
 ** Remarkably quiet and select,” etc., ete.—Couwrt Journal, 22d June 1878. 
 
 BOURNEMOUTH. 
 
 LANSDOWNE HOTEL. 
 
 For Families and Gentlemen. 
 
 EAUTIFULLY situated on East Cliff, close to celebrated Pines, Sea, 
 
 and principal Railway Station. Home comforts. Excellent Cuisine. 
 Choice Wines. Zerms Moderate.—Billiards. Posting. 
 
 N.B.—A Char-a-banc for the New Forest, etc., starts from the Hotel 
 
 daily during the season. 
 J. W. COLLINS, Proprietor. 
 
12 BOURNEMOUTH—BOWNESS. 
 
 BOURNEMOUTH. | 
 
 HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 Proprietor, JAMES OSBORNE, M.D. 
 
 PLENDID SEA VIEWS. Sixty Bedrooms. Billiards. 
 Also Lift. House Heated throughout. 
 
 Apply Dr. OSBORNE. 
 
 BOURNEMOUTH. 
 Patronised by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. 
 
 ROYAL BATH HOTEL. 
 
 ‘A really splendid and unique Hotel, thoroughly homely and com- 
 fortable, with the luxuries of a Private Mansion. * * The ONLY HOTEL 
 on the EAST CLIFF. The CLIFF par excellence.”—Court Journal, 
 16th August 1879. 
 
 _ Established 1835. Rooms Reserved on receipt of Letter or Telegram. 
 BOURNEMOUTH. 
 
 GLENFINNAN. 
 
 IRST-CLASS Boarding-House, Priory Hill, Bournemouth. Command- 
 
 ing position upon the High Cliff, with due south aspect. Unrivalled 
 
 Sea Views. Near the Pier, Churches, Pleasure Grounds, &c. Elegantly 
 
 furnished throughout. Noble reception rooms. Billiard Room, &e. 
 Excellent Cuisine. Zerms Moderate. Boarding by the Day. 
 
 Address—THE PROPRIETOR. 
 BOWNESS, WINDERMERE. 
 
 CROWN HOTEL, 
 
 Patronised by Royalty and American 
 Presidents. 
 
 eens in extensive grounds, imme- 
 diately overlooking the Lake. Families 
 boarded by the week or month. Coaching 
 and Posting to all parts daily. Omnibuses 
 and Servants attend arrival of all Trains 
 and Steamers. Tennis Court. Billiards. 
 Hot and Cold Baths. Table d’H6te daily. 
 Charges Moderate. 
 
 W. GARNETT, Proprietor. 
 
BRAEMAR. 
 
 THE INVERCAULD ARMS, 
 
 The finest Hotel situation in Scotland. 
 
 Recently re-erected after Plans by J. T. WIMPERIS, Esq., Sackville St., London. 
 MAGNIFICENT DINING HALL, ELEGANT LADIES’ DRAWING 
 ROOM, AND NUMEROUS SUITES OF APARTMENTS. 
 POSTING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. 
 
 BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT POSTING-MASTER TO THE QUEEN. 
 Coaches during the Season to Blairgowrie, Dunkeld, and Ballater. 
 Excellent Salmon Fishing in connection with the Hotel. 
 Letters and Telegrams Punctually attended to. 
 
 A. M‘GREGOR. 
 
 (IRELAND) INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, BRAY, 
 
 County Wicklow. 
 
 plea FIRST-CLASS HOTEL is situated near the Railway Station, Sea- 
 beach, and Esplanade, central to all the far-famed Scenery of the 
 County of Wicklow. 
 
 Visitors to this fashionable place will find Tum INTERNATIONAL HoTEL 
 replete with every comfort, and the Cudsine and Wines of the best quality. 
 All Charges are fixed and moderate. 
 
 Boarding Terms per week may be had on application to the MANAGER. 
 C. DUFRESNE, Proprietor. 
 
14 BRAEMAR—BRECHIN——-BRIDGE OF ALLAN. 
 
 BRAEMAR, BY BALMORAL. 
 
 FIFE ARMS HOTEL 
 
 feo OS 
 PS INO Fe 
 By Special yo ER gee Appointment, 
 e Se ar b 
 
 Patromsed by the Royal Family and the Court. 
 
 Coaches during the Season between Braemar and 
 Ballater, and Braemar, Blairgowrie, and Dunkeld. 
 
 Posting wn all rts Branches. Lawn Tennis. 
 PARTIES BOARDED BY THE WEEK UNTIL ist AUGUST. 
 
 Mrs. M‘Nap has leased from the Earl of Fife, K.T., seven 
 miles of his Lordship’s Private Salmon Fishings, which gentlemen 
 staying at the Hotel can have. 
 
 BRECHIN, FORFARSHIRE, 
 
 COMMERCIAL HOTEL. 
 
 Oldest Established First-Class Family and Commercial Hotel. 
 LARGE POSTING ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 ’*BUS AT ALL THE TRAINS. HOT AND COLD BATHS. 
 ALEXANDER PIRIE. 
 
 BRIDGE OF ALLAN. 
 
 PHILP’S ROYAL HOTEL. 
 
 ENOVATED and refurnished. Excellent accommodation 
 and beautifully laid out grounds. Charges moderate. 
 Most convenient to break the journey for the Trossachs, Oban, 
 and other parts of the Highlands. An extensive Posting 
 
 Establishment. 
 Hotel ’Bus attends all Trains, 
 
 R. PHILP, Proprietor. 
 
BRIDGE OF ALLAN——BRISTOL. 15 
 BRIDGE OF ALLAN 
 
 HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT, 
 NEAR STIRLING. 
 
 EAUTIFULLY situated and sheltered by the Ochils, 
 on a dry and porous soil. The House is replete 
 
 with every comfort and convenience. Elegant Suite of 
 Baths, including Turkish, Russian, Vapour, Spray, &c., 
 
 all on the most approved principles. 
 
 Terms, £2:12:6 per week. 
 
 Applications to be addressed to Ma. M‘KAY, House Superintendent. 
 
 BRIDGE OF ALLAN. 
 
 CARMICHAEL’S HOTEL. 
 
 TEMPERANCE. 
 Within easy access of Callander, the Trossachs, and Lochlomond. 
 Terms, including all charges, 45s. per week. 
 
 POSTING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. Hore. ’Bus ATTENDS ALL TRAINS. 
 CLIFTON, BRISTOL. 
 
 THE ST. VINCENT’S ROCKS, 
 
 Stands in the very finest position in Clifton, close to Suspension Bridge, 
 ~ and is one of the most economical 
 FIRST-CLASS HOTELS IN ENGLAND. 
 Also at YORK HOUSE HOTEL, BATH. 
 
 L. ASHCROFT, Proprietor. 
 
16 BUXTON—CALLANDER—CARDIFF, 
 
 THE 
 
 BUXTON HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT 
 AND WINTER RESIDENCE 
 
 (MALVERN HOUSE) DERBYSHIRE. 
 Overlooking the Pavilion and Public Gardens. 
 
 Central and sheltered situation, close to the celebrated Mineral Baths. 
 
 The Establishment is heated throughout by Hot Water, and in every 
 way made comfortable for Invalids and Visitors. 
 
 PosTAL AND TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS—‘‘ Hypro, BuxTon.” 
 TABLE D’HOTE AT 6 O'CLOCK. 
 FOR TERMS, ETC., APPLY TO THE PROPRIETOR. 
 
 CALLANDER. 
 CALEDONIAN TEMPERANCE HOTEL. 
 
 BIGGS begs to announce to his Patrons and the General Travelling 
 e Community that he has taken a Lease of that Elegant House 
 lately known as Willoughby Terrace as a First-Class Temperance Hotel. 
 Every modern comfort and convenience, at moderate charges. Hot 
 and Cold Baths. Two minutes’ walk from Station. Trossachs Coaches 
 pass door daily. 
 W. A. BIGGS, Lessee. 
 
 CARDIFF. 
 THE ANGEL HOTEL. 
 
 Hs beautifully-situated first-class House is built on the site of the old Cardiff Arms 
 
 Hotel and Gardens,—Cardiff Castle, the residence of the Marquis of Bute, being on 
 
 the north side, the Park and Gardens on the south, and commanding uninterrupted 
 
 views from nearly all the rooms. The Hotel has been fitted up and furnished with all 
 
 that experience can devise to ensure the comfort of Visitors; it is within seven minutes’ 
 
 ‘hegre all the Railway Stations, and Tram Cars pass every few minutes to all parts of 
 he Town. 
 
 Magnificent Coffee Room and elegant Suites of Rooms. 
 BLAND & SAVOURS, Proprietors. 
 
CHEPSTOW——CHESTER——CHRISTCHURCH—CLIFTON, 1% 
 
 CHEPSTOW, 
 
 BEAUFORT ARMS HOTEL. 
 
 AN Old-Established First-class Family Hotel, within two minutes’ walk 
 of the Railway Station, Castle, and River Wye. 
 2 Ladies’ Coffee Room 60 feet by 30. Gentlemen’s Coffee and Billiard 
 ooms, 
 Omnibuses and Carriages meet all trains. 
 The BEAUFORT ARMS HOTEL, Tintern Abbey, conducted by 
 the same Proprietress. Night Porter. HB. GARRETT. 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 THE GROSVENOR HOTEL. 
 
 IRST-CLASS. Situated in the centre of the City, close to the CATHEDRAL and 
 other objects of interest. 
 Large Coffee and Reading Rooms ; also Ladies’ Drawing Room for the convenience of 
 Ladies and Families. 
 Open and close Carriages, and Posting in all its Branches. 
 Omnibuses attend the Trains for the use of Visitors to the Hotel. Tariff to be had 
 
 on application. A Night Porter in attendance. 
 DAVID FOSTER, Manager. 
 
 CHRISTCHURCH. 
 
 CHRISTCHURCH HOTEL, 
 
 NEWLYN’S FAMILY HOTEL, 
 
 “Charming Views from the Balcony of the Hotel.” 
 Opposite the old Priory Church and Ruins. 
 Omnibuses to and from the Station. Excellent Boating in the Harbour. 
 
 GOOD FISHING FOR VISITORS FREE STAYING AT THE HOTEL. 
 
 CLIFTON. 
 CLIFTON-DOWN HOTEL, 
 
 Facing the Suspension Bridge. 
 THE popularity of this Hotel has compelled the Proprietors to extend the accommo- 
 dation by the addition of several Bedrooms, Ladies’ Drawing Rooms, a Suite of 
 Apartments for Wedding Breakfasts, Ball Suppers, &c. &c. Visitors will find all the 
 comforts of home, with fixed and moderate charges. The situation of the Hotel is 
 unrivalled, being on the Downs, and within ten minutes’ walk of the new Clifton-Down 
 Railway Station. 
 
 N.B.—From this Hotel the following Trips are easy, returning to the Hotel the same 
 day: Chepstow Castle, the Wynd Cliff, Tintern Abbey, Wells Cathedral, Glastonbury 
 Tor, Bath, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead, Cardiff, Newport, and Channel 
 Docks. HARRY F, BARTON, Manager. 
 
 Clifton Hotel Company (Limited). 
 
 B 
 
18 CONISHEAD, ENGLISH LAKE DISTRICT. 
 
 a Ingen 
 TANS ATG eS Se Re 
 
 CONISHEAD PRIORY. 
 
 Hydropathic Mansion, by Ulverston, Furness. 
 
 LADIES’ & GENTLEMEN’S TURKISH, SEA, & LAKE WATER BATHS, 
 
 Summer Terms, from oat bs a = September, from 
 12:6 per Week. 
 Winter Terms, from 30th September to 1st_April, from £2:9s. per Week. 
 Special Terms for Long Residence. 
 UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT. Address—THE MANAGER. 
 
 THE Magnificent and Historical Mansion of Conishead Priory, built at a cost of over 
 
 £140,000, standing on its own beautifully-wooded grounds, on the western shore 
 of Morecambe Bay, is, on high medical authority, stated to be one of the best Hydro- 
 pathics in the kingdom, both for Summer and Winter residence. 
 
 Excursions can be made from the Priory, either by coach or rail, to any part of the 
 English Lake District, returning in the course of the day; and special arrangements 
 have been made for excursion parties on extremely moderate terms, The Directors 
 have also liberally provided for amusements. 
 
 “One of the finest of old English mansions.”—Scotsman. ‘' Justly described as the 
 Paradise of Furness.”—Black’s Guide. ‘*The furnishings and appointments throughout 
 are of the best.”— Bradford Observer. ‘‘The architectural character of Conishead 
 Priory gives this establishment a more magnificent building than usual, indeed no 
 place of the kind at all approaches it in this respect.”—Newcastle Chronicle. ‘* Here 
 the hawthorn scents the air; there a gigantic rhododendron lavishes all its beauties ; 
 sycamores and oaks, and firs abound.”—Christian World. 
 
 Daily Excursions to the Lakes at specially reduced rates. 
 
 The PRIORY OMNIBUS waits the arrival of every Train at Ulverston. 
 Passengers for the PRiory by the London and North-Western Railway change Carriages 
 
 ee peyaieg Junction. Passengers by the Midland Railway may require to change 
 
 at Hellifield. 
 
COLWYN BAY—CORK. 19 
 
 COLWYN BAY, NORTH WALES. 
 
 POLLYCROCHAN HOTEL 
 
 (Late the Residence of Lady Erskine). 
 
 HIS First-class Family Hotel is most beautifully situated 
 
 in its own finely-wooded park in Colwyn Bay, com- 
 
 manding splendid land and sea views; there are delightful 
 
 walks in the adjacent woods. It is within a few minutes’ 
 
 walk of the Beach and ten minutes’ of Colwyn Bay Station, 
 and a short drive of Conway and Llandudno. 
 
 Sea-Bathing, Tennis, Billiards, Posting. 
 J. PORTER, Proprietor. 
 The Proprietor begs to announce that to meet an increased demand 
 
 he has added a handsome and commodious wing, containing Sitting and 
 Bed Rooms. 
 
 CORK. 
 
 STEPHENS’S COMMERGIAL HOTEL 
 
 (Opposite the General Post Office, Cork) 
 
 POSSESSES first-class accommodation for Tourists, Commer- 
 cial Gentlemen, and Families. 
 
 It is very centrally situated—close to the Banks and Theatre. 
 Charges extremely Moderate. 
 
 MRS. STEPHENS, Proprietrsss, 
 From the West of England. 
 Extract from a ‘*‘ Tour through Ireland,” published in the 
 North Briton, 1864 :— 
 ‘© When we arrived in Cork we took up our quarters at Stephens’s Com- 
 mercial Hotel, where we obtained excellent accommodation.” 
 Extract from the Glasgow Chiel, 27th December 1884. 
 
 ‘‘ When you go to Cork, stop at Stephens’s capital Hotel—everything 
 done well.” 
 
20 CONWAY—CRIEFF —(DALMALLY, see p. 54)—DERBY—DUBLIN. 
 
 CONWAY. 
 THE CASTLE HOTEL. 
 
 | Daa Sere Beautifully situated in the Vale of 
 
 Conway, and very central for Tourists in North 
 
 Wales. MISS DUTTON, Proprietress. 
 CRIEFF. 
 
 THE DRUMMOND ARMS HOTEL. 
 
 IRST-CLASS. Renovated and Refurnished. Under new 
 management. Families boarded by Week or Month. 
 Large Posting Establishment. 
 The Hotel Omnibus meets every Train, 
 
 W. C. S. SCOTT, Proprietor. 
 
 DERBY. 
 
 THE ST. JAMES’S HOTEL, 
 
 N the centre of the Town, facing the Post Office and Corn Market, is 
 
 new, with every convenience for Families and Commercial Gentlemen. 
 
 A Large Hall for Meetings, Wedding Breakfasts, Concerts, &c. Hot and 
 Cold Baths. Stock Rooms. 
 
 THE STABLING IS PERFECT AND EXTENSIVE. 
 J. WAGSTAFF, Proprietor. 
 
 DUBLIN. 
 
 JURY'S HOTEL, COLLEGE GREEN. 
 
 The most Central Hotel in the City. 
 
 Superior Accommodation. Tariff extremely Moderate. 
 Table @’Hote at 3 and 6.30 p.m. daily. 
 
 LADIES COFFEE, DINING, AND DRAWING ROOMS. 
 HENRY J. JURY, Proprietor. 
 
DUBLIN. 21 
 DUBLIN. 
 
 SHELBOURNE HOTEL, 
 
 ST. STEPHEN’S GREEN. 
 MAS tac in the most central and fashionable part of 
 Dublin, and is the great Tourist Hotel of Ireland. Contains 
 magnificent Public Rooms, Elevator, Telegraph Office, &c. &c. 
 First-Class. Charges Moderate. 
 JURY & COTTON, Proprietors. 
 
 DUBLIN. 
 
 THE WICKLOW HOTEL 
 
 (FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL), 
 
 6, 7, & 8 WICKLOW STREET, 
 Off Grafton Street, Dublin. 
 
 ee very centre of the City. Quiet, clean, comfortable, and homely. 
 Most moderate charges. RICHARD O’BRIEN, Proprietor. 
 
 DUBLIN. 
 
 THE GRESHAM HOTEL, 
 
 UPPER SACKVILLE STREET. 
 
 120 Bedrooms, Suites of Apartments for Families, Ladies’ Coffee-Room 
 and Drawing-Room. Reading, Smoking, and Billiard Rooms. 
 
 Tariff fixed and moderate. 
 PROPRIETORS—THE GRESHAM HOTEL GCO., LIMITED. 
 
 DUBLIN. 
 
 MAPLE’S HOTEL, 
 25 To 28 KILDARE STREET. 
 
 MNHIS First-Class Establishment is built on one of the finest sites in the 
 
 City, with southern aspect. Itis situated between the College Park and 
 St. Stephen’s Green, and is replete with every comfort, contains upwards 
 of 100 Bedrooms, numerous suites of Private Apartments, and the usual 
 Public accommodation. It is acknowledged to be one of the most comfort- 
 able Hotels in the Kingdom. Terms Moderate. 
 
 First-Class Livery Stables attached to the Premises. 
 FREDRICK MAPLE, Proprietor. 
 
yb DUBLIN—DULVERTON. 
 
 DUBLIN. 
 
 MORRISSON’S HOTEL, 
 DAWSON STREET AND NASSAU STREET, 
 
 HIS First-Ciass Hore. contains 100 handsome Apartments, 
 newly decorated. Central position, overlooking College Park. 
 Table d’Hoéte at separate tables, Charges moderate. Bedrooms 
 
 from 2s. 6d, Telephone 381. W. H. LUMLEY, Proprictor. 
 
 DUBLIN. 
 
 FRANKLIN'S HOTEL, 11 COLLEGE GREEN. 
 
 MOST CENTRAL. 
 
 Very Moderate Charges. Extreme Cleanliness and Comfort. 
 
 RESTAURANT ADJOINING. 
 Dinners from 1 o’clock to 7 o’clock p.m. 
 NIGHT PORTER. E. FRANKLIN, Proprietor. 
 
 DUBLIN. 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES HOTEL, 
 
 LOWER SACKVILLE STREET. 
 (Next the General Post Office.) 
 
 Central. Convenient. Moderate Charges. 
 JURY BROTHERS, Proprietors. 
 
 DULVERTON. 
 
 CARNARVON ARMS FAMILY HOTEL. 
 
 (QUITE IN THE COUNTRY.) 
 1 ene Miles private Trout-Fishing near Hotel, property of the Right 
 Honourable EARL oF CARNARVON (rivers Exe and Barle), free to 
 Anglers staying jhere. Fine bracing air amidst charming and varied 
 scenery. The Devon and Somerset Stag-Hounds hunt this country. 
 Hunters. Post-Horses. Tennis. Billiards. 
 
 Close to Ratlway Junction Station. 
 A. NELDER & SON. 
 
DUNBLANE-——DUNDEE—DUNKELD. 23 
 
 DUNBLANE, 
 
 STIRLING ARMS HOTEL. 
 
 BEAUTIFULLY SITUATED on the River Allan, near to the 
 Cathedral, One minute’s walk from Station. 
 
 Charges Strictly Moderate. 
 MRS. MARSHALL, Proprvetress. 
 
 DUNDEE. 
 
 QUEEN'S HOTEL, 
 
 160 NETHERGATE. 
 
 MAGNE ICENT Views of the River and Tay Bridge. Hand- 
 some Billiard, Smoking, and Stock Rooms. A ’Bus from the 
 Hotel awaits the arrival of all Trains. Stabling. 
 
 MATHERS’ 
 TEMPERANCE HOTEL, 
 
 WHITEHALL STREET, DUNDEE. 
 PLAIN BREAKFAST oR TEA, 1s., witH MEat, 2s. 
 BEDROOM FOR ONE, INCLUDING ALL ATTENDANCE, 2s. 6D. 
 
 DUNKELD. 
 FISHER’S 
 
 ROYAL gage 
 
 Under the Patronage of the Royal Family. 
 
 ME FISHER begs to state that the additions and alterations to this large first-class 
 
 Establishment are now completed ; and, having been redecorated and refurnished 
 
 in an elegant style, it will be found equal to any in the North of Scotland. A Large 
 
 and Hlegant Dining Saloon, with Ladies’ Drawing-Room (en swite), Private Suites of 
 Apartments, and Spacious Billiard and Smoking Saloon. 
 
 The only Coacu for BRAEMAR and BALMORAL, via BLAIRGOWRIE, starts from the 
 
 Hotel, where seats for the above can only be secured. Telegrams !for Apartments, 
 
 Coach Seats, or Carriages punctually attended,to. Omnibuses from the Hotel attend 
 the different Trains. 
 
24 DUNKELD—-DUNOON——EDINBURGH. 
 DUNKELD. 
 
 THE DUKE OF ATHOLE’S ARMS HOTEL. 
 
 D. ROBERTSON, Proprietor (late GRANT’S). 
 
 [HIS Hotel, from its situation close to the beautiful Bridge of Dunkeld (and also 
 
 close to the gates of the Cathedral), commands an unrivalled view of the mag- 
 nificent scenery on either side of the river Tay. The Apartments, both Public and 
 Private, are elegantly furnished and well aired. Her Majesty the Queen, in her Journal 
 of her Life in the Highlands, has been graciously pleased to take notice of this Hotel as 
 being very clean, and having such a charming view from the windows. The Empress 
 of the French, with her Son the Prince Imperial, also visited this Hotel, and was 
 pleased to express her entire approval of all the arrangements. EvreRY ATTENTION 
 IS PAID TO THE COMFORT OF VISITORS, Job and Post Horses, with Careful Drivers. An 
 Omnibus awaits the arrival and departure of all the Trains. Seats can be secured at 
 this Hotel for the Braemar Coach. 
 
 DUNOON. 
 
 ARGYLL HOTEL. 
 
 es only First-Class Hotel in Dunoon, close to the Pier, commanding a magnificent 
 
 view of the Firth of Clyde. Visitors staying at this Hotel will have the opportunity 
 of visiting all the following places of interest and returning to Hotel same day, viz. 
 Ayr, Arran, Kyles of Bute, per Steamer ‘Columba’; Inveraray, Loch Fyne, etc., per 
 ‘Lord of the Isles’; Loch Lomond, Loch Katrine, Trossachs, Gairloch, ete. Coaches 
 leave the Hotel daily for Loch Eck, which is the favourite new route for Inveraray and 
 Oban. Table dhéte daily at 6.30 p.m. Special reduced rates for parties staying a 
 week or longer. This Hotel is now under New Management, and particular attention 
 will be paid to the comfort of Visitors. Splendid Sea Fishing. Boots waits arrival 
 of all Steamers. A. M. PHILLIPS, Lessee. 
 
 go OF enrian, 9g ON 
 
 aN FACING THE CASTLE AND PRINCES STREET GARDENS. %9 
 J} This Hotel 
 . H U 
 is noted for 5 minutes 
 its home walk from 
 comforts and either 
 moderate ‘ 
 Station. 
 charges. vat 
 
 EDINBURGH, 
 104, 106 PRINCES STREET. 
 
EDINBURGH. 25 
 
 OPPOSITE | AND 
 THE PRINCES 
 SCOTT STREET 
 MONUMENT , GARDENS 
 
 (One of the finest Hotels in Europe.) 
 
 ROYAL HOTEL 
 
 DONALD MACGREGOR, Proprietor, 
 
 53 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH. 
 
 The Royal Hotel is within a hundred yards of Railway Terminus, and 
 occupies the finest position in the City. 
 
 PLACES OF INTEREST SEEN FROM HOTEL :—Arthw’s Seat, over 
 
 : 800 feet high. Assembly Hall. Calton Hill, Kdinburgh Castle. 
 East and West Princes Street Gardens. Free Church College and 
 Assembly Hall. Royal Observatory. Sir Walter Scott’s Monument. 
 Salisbury Crags. St. Giles’s Cathedral. Parliament House. The Royal 
 Institution. The Royal Scottish Academy and National Gallery. The 
 Antiquarian Museum. From tower of Hotel are seen the Firth of Forth, 
 Bass Rock, the Lomond, Corstorphine, and Pentland Hills, and a part of 
 four or five of the neighbouring counties. 
 
 Charges Moderate. Rooms from 2s.6d. Passenger Elevator. 
 Night Porters. 
 
 > CAUTION.—Visitors intending to put up at the Royal must be careful to 
 ‘see that they are taken there, as mistakes have occurred causing great disap- 
 pointment. 
 
26 EDINBURGH. 
 
 CRANSTON’S 
 
 WAVERLEY 
 
 TEMPERANCE HOTELS. 
 
 THE OLD WAVERLEY, 
 
 42, 48, 44, 45, & 46 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH. 
 
 OBERT CRANSTON begs to return his sincere thanks to his Patrons and 
 the Public for their favours during the last forty years, and has to intimate that 
 the above Hotel has been entirely rebuilt, and is now second to none in the City. The 
 whole of the internal arrangements have been remodelled, the accommodation greatly 
 increased, including a most spacious Dining Room and a Ladies’ Drawing Room, and the 
 entire building fitted up in the latest and most approved manner, with a view to the 
 comfort and convenience of his Patrons. It will, when completed, be the largest 
 Temperance Hotel in the Kingdom. Notwithstanding the great expense attending the 
 reconstruction, the charges will remain as formerly. 
 
 THE NEW WAVERLEY, 
 WATERLOO PLACE, EDINBURGH, 
 
 Has been enlarged and improved, and to meet the great demand a number of commodi- 
 ous well-lighted Stock Rooms were added last year, affording special facilities to 
 Commercial Gentlemen. Also, the new Waverley Hall, seated for upwards of 700 
 persons, is well ventilated, and admirably adapted for all descriptions of meetings. 
 
 THE LONDON WAVERLEY, 
 KING STREET, CHEAPSIDE (Established upwards of 35 years), 
 
 Has recently been more than doubled in size by the addition of an entire division of 
 Trump Street, which has afforded greatly increased accommodation; and from its 
 unrivalled position in the commercial centre of the city, it offers exceptional advantages 
 to persons visiting London, either on business or on pleasure. The Guildhall, Corpora- 
 tion Offices, and the various Law Courts are in King Street, adjoining the Hotel, and 
 Omnibuses pass the door every minute for every district and Railway Station in London. 
 
 THE GLASGOW WAVERLEY, 
 
 In BucHANAN STREET, is now closed, the site having been acquired by the Glasgow 
 District Underground Railway. The name and business have been transferred to the 
 WASHINGTON HOTEL, No. 172 SAucHIEHALL STREET, one of the finest streets and 
 busiest thoroughfares in the city, and in close proximity to the Railway Stations and to 
 the Steamboat Piers. Principal Theatres in immediate neighbourhood, and Tramway and 
 *Bus communication to all parts of the city. The BUSINESS will be carried on there under 
 the management of my Daughter, M. R. CRANSTON, on the same principles and at the 
 same rates as the other Waverleys. Uniform Charges at all the Waverleys, viz.— 
 
 Breakfast or Tea . : f A : 1s, 3d., 1s. 6d., 2s. 
 Public Dinner. ‘ : , . y : : ‘ nila -t oe 
 Bedroom . ? ‘ : . : : : g 7. 2.8. OG. 
 Private Parlours . 3 : : : : : : . OBS 
 Service . ls. 
 
 Stock Rooms, from 2s. 6d. per day, according to Size. 
 Recommended by Bradshaw’s Tourists’ Guide as ‘*the cheapest and best Temper- 
 
 ance Hotel they had ever seen,” and by J. B. Gough as ‘the only Home he had found 
 since leaving his own in America.” 
 
EDINBURGH. aE 
 
 EDINBURGH. 
 
 THE 
 
 COCKBURN HOTEL 
 
 Adjoming the Station and overlooking the Gardens. 
 NO INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 
 JOHN MACPHERSON, Proprietor. 
 
 ROXBURGHE HOTEL, 
 
 CHARLOTTE SQUARE, EDINBURGH. 
 FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL. 
 
 In Connection with the above is CHRISTIE'S PRIVATE HOTEL. 
 Apartments en suite, and Board on Moderate Terms, 
 
 J. CHRISTIE, Proprietor. 
 
28 EDINBURGH. 
 
 EDINBURGH. 
 
 DARLING'S REGENT HOTEL, 
 
 20 WATERLOO PLACE. 
 (PRINCES STREET.) 
 
 re | Nearly opposite the 
 General Post Office, and 
 only a few minutes’ 
 walk from General 
 Railway Terminus. 
 
 This ts admitted to 
 
 Special Terms for Board during the Winter Months. 
 
 EDINBURGH. 
 
 WINDSOR HOTEL, 
 100 PRINCES STREET. 
 (Opposite the Castle.) 
 
 A. M, THIEM, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 His old-established Hotel, one of the finest in Edinburgh, entirely rebuilt and 
 
 refurnished in the most elegant manner, offers superior accommodation and com- 
 fort. The Proprietor is especially cognisant of the needs of the Nobility and Gentry, 
 and spares no pains to render their sojourn with him agreeable. 
 
 BEDFORD HOTEL, 
 83 PRINCES STREET EDINBURGH 
 
 Under the personal superintendence of Mme. Dejay (late of Dejay’s Hotel). 
 Unsurpassed for comfort, economy, and quietness. 
 
 Most moderate Terms. Cuisine a la francaise, 
 Coffee Room and Ladies’ Drawing Room. 
 
 This Hotel is situated in the best part of Princes Street, and commands 
 a good view of the Castle. On parle francais. 
 
EDINBURGH. 29 
 
 EDINBURGH. 
 CALEDONIAN HOTEL, 
 
 115, 116, & 117 PRINCES STREET, ann 1, 3, & 5 CASTLE STREET. 
 Established 60 Years. 
 (Exactly opposite the Castle.) 
 
 R. B. Moorrt. LATE J. BURNETT. 
 
 THE ALBERT HOTEL AND RESTAURANT, 
 23 anpD 25 HANOVER STREET, EDINBURGH. 
 
 HIS Central Hotel affords first-class accommodation to Tourists 
 and others visiting the City. Every home comfort. 
 BILLIARD AND SMOKE ROOMS, 
 Terms Strictly Moderate. Tariff on Application. 
 D. ROBERTSON, Proprvetor. 
 
 THE LONDON HOTEL, 
 
 ST. ANDREW SQUARE, EDINBURGH. 
 Patronised by Royalty. 
 
 Visitors will find the Hotel very convenient and comfortable. The 
 spacious Square in front is a great attraction. 
 WINES AND CUISINE EXCELLENT. See Land and Water of 19th 
 
 December 1885. 
 CHARGES MODERATE. 
 J. J. MEPHIUS, Proprietor. 
 
 EDINBURGH. 
 THE 
 
 TREVELYAN TEMPERANCE HOTEL, 
 2 & 3 CALTON STREET. 
 
 For Cleanliness, Home Comforts, and Moderate Charges, 
 unsurpassed, 
 
 D. MACKENZIE, Proprietor. 
 
30 EDINBURGH. 
 
 EDINBURGH CAFE COMPANY, 
 70 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH. 
 
 High-Class Restaurant for Ladies and Gentlemen. 
 
 BREAKFASTS, LUNCHEONS, DINNERS, TEA, COFFEE, 
 FANCY PASTRY, CAKES, &c. 
 ELEGANT SALOON FOR LADIES.—CLOAK-ROOMS, &c. 
 
 WEDDING BREAKFASTS, BALL SUPPERS, DINNERS, AND 
 COLD COLLATIONS CONTRACTED FOR. 
 
 EDINBURGH. 
 
 CRAIGLOCKHART HYDROPATHIC. 
 
 MAGNIFICENT ESTABLISHMENT 
 in Western Suburbs of City, 
 having 
 ACCOMMODATION 
 FOR 200 VISITORS. 
 
 Fine Bracing Air off 
 Pentland Hills. 
 
 BATHS. SWIMMING POND. BOWLING. LAWN TENNIS. 
 CONCERTS. DANCES. DRIVES.~ 
 Easy of Access by Bus, Tram, or Rail. 
 The Best Residence for Visitors to Edinburgh. 
 
 Good centre from which to visit Glasgow, Stirling, Callander, The 
 Trossachs, Loch Lomond, Crieff, Roslin, Dalkeith Palace, Dalmeny, and 
 Forth Bridge, &e. TERMS: From 8s. 6d. per Day; or from £2: 12: 6 
 per Week ; upper Rooms from £2: 2s. per week. 
 
 GOOD TABLE. HOME COMFORTS. 
 Appress—THE MANAGER, 
 
 FERGUSON’S 
 
 EDINBURGH. ROCK. 
 
 The Best Present from Edinburgh. 
 MANUFACTURED ONLY AND DAILY BY 
 
 ALEX. FERGUSON, 
 CONFECTIONER TO THE QUEEN & H.R.H. THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH, 
 
 1 MELBOURNE PLACE, EDINBURGH. 
 (Near the Castle.) 
 
EDINBURGH. 31 
 
 PRIZE pees, 
 
 LONDON, PARIS, 
 1862. 18738. 1867. 1878. 
 EDINBURGH , 
 
 eos ss BB GOLD & SILVER 
 ) ih MEDALS, 
 pPtiall LEG EDALS 
 ‘ Ul = ir ; 4 = ro. 
 
 a nf 
 EDINBURGH |! 
 
 1886. 
 
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 ») 
 
 a) 
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 & pasun” 
 
 @ wy Pf 
 
 ‘‘Mr. Marshall’s productions are not surpassed in interest and beauty by those of 
 Castellani himself.”—Correspondent of the Scotsman on the International Exhibition 
 
 ROBERT MDOWELL & SONS’ 
 
 UNIRIVALLED 
 Biscuits, Shortbread, and Cakes. 
 Entire Wheaten. Chester. Cracknel. 
 Small Abernethy. Albert. Milk. 
 Small Captains. Plain Wine. &e., &c. 
 SCOTCH CAKES. 
 Sultana. Seed, Madeira. Plum. 
 Alexandra. Rose. Cocoanut. Orange. 
 Tivoli, Rice. Caraway. Tennis. 
 ~ Genoa. Lemon. Chocolate. Raspberry. 
 
 SCOTCH BUN (Christmas). 
 SHORTBREAD AND PITCAITHLY BANNOCKS. 
 
 SCOTCH OATCAKES. 
 60 George Street, 19 Frederick Street, & 1 Wemyss Place, Edinburgh. 
 
32 ELGIN——EXETER. 
 
 ELGIN. 
 
 STATION HOTEL. 
 
 ans first-class Family and Commercial Hotel occupies one of 
 
 the best sites in the town, close to the Railway Stations, about 
 five minutes’ walk from the Cathedral, and within easy drive of the 
 beautiful and romantic Pluscarden Abbey and other places of 
 interest in the neighbourhood. The Bedroom accommodation is 
 first-class. Large Coffee Room, Drawing Room, Private Sitting 
 Rooms, &c, &c. Also Billiard, Smoking, and Hot and Cold Bath 
 
 Rooms, Hiring. Table d’Hote daily. 
 
 WILLIAM CHRISTIE, Lessee. 
 Also of the Station Hotel, Lossiemouth. 
 
 HXETER. 
 
 ROUGEMONT HOTEL. 
 
 Devon and Exeter Hotel Co., Limited. 
 
 For FAMILIES AND GENTLEMEN. 
 
 THE LARGEST AND ONLY MODERN HOTEL 
 IN THE CITY, | 
 
 Omnibus and Hotel Porters meet all Trains. 
 
 NIGHT PORTER. TABLE D'HOTE, 7 O'CLOCK. 
 T. W. HUSSEY, Manager, 
 
EXETER—FORRES. 33 
 EXETER. 
 
 ROYAL CLARENCE HOTEL, 
 
 CATHEDRAL YARD, 
 WITH FULL VIEW OF THE GRAND OLD CATHEDRAL. 
 FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. REDUCED CHARGES. 
 Every effort is made to ensure the unqualified satisfaction of Ladies and Gentlemen, 
 Handsomely Furnished Suites of Apartments. 
 LADIES’ COFFEE-ROOM. HOT AND COLD BATHS. 
 Omnibuses and Cabs meet every Train. 
 
 J. HEADON STANBURY, Proprietor. 
 EXETER. 
 
 POPLE’S 
 NEW LONDON HOTEL, 
 
 FOR FAMILIES AND GENTLEMEN. 
 
 HIS Hotel contains all the appointments found in First-class Hstablishments, 
 adjoining Northernhay Park, within three minutes’ walk of the Cathedral, and 
 opposite the New General Post Office. Visitors will find the comfort and attention of 
 home with fixed moderate charges. A Ladies’ Coffee Room. Night Porter. Omnibuses 
 and Cabs to every Train. Posting in all its branches. Also Proprietor of the Globe 
 Hotel, Newton Abbot. 
 
 EXETER. 
 STANBURY’S 
 
 HALF MOON HOTEL, 
 
 HIGH STREET. 
 Old Established. Family and Commercial. 
 
 S situated in the most central part of the City. Families and Commercial Gentlemen 
 will find this House replete with every comfort, and the Charges Moderate. 
 Ladies’ Coffee Room and Superior Billiard Room. Hight Spacious and well-lighted 
 Stock Rooms. Omnibuses belonging to the Hotel meet all Trains. A Night Porter. 
 
 FORRES, 
 
 CAMPBELL’S 
 STATION << 
 
 Adjoining the atiwiy Platform, Forres. 
 STANDING WITHIN ITS OWN GROUNDS AND BEAUTIFUL GARDEN. 
 
 (Patrowised by the Royal Family and Leading Members of the 
 Nobility and Aristocracy of Ewrope.) 
 
 APARTMENTS EN SUITE. SPACIOUS BILLIARD & SMOKING ROOM. 
 Boots in attendance at all Trains. 
 JAMES CAMPBELL, Lessee and Proprietor. 
 
 C 
 
34 FORRES—FORT-WILLIAM—GATEHOUSE OF FLEBT. 
 FORRES, MORAYSHIRE, N.B. 
 
 CLUNY HILL HYDROPATHIC. 
 
 On Highland Railway, 24 miles south of Inverness. 
 
 NTANDS on one of the beautiful eminences known as the Cluny Hills. 
 These are clothed with pine woods and intersected by about 5 miles 
 of Walks. Air Dry and Bracing. Finest River scenery in Scotland. 
 Tennis and other Amusements. Possesses every home comfort. 
 Charges in Summer 8s. 6d. per day, or £2:12:6 per week. 
 N.B.—Six miles of Salmon, Grilse, and Trout Fishing. 
 
 wishin 
 
 = 
 s 
 
 The nearest and most convenient for any 
 
 THE ALEXANDRA HOTEL, 
 PARADE, FORT-WILLIAM. 
 
 GATEHOUSE OF FLEET, N.B. 
 MURRAY ARMS HOTEL 
 
 AS comfortable accommodation for Families and Tourists at very moderate terms. 
 The Drives, Walks, and Scenery in the neighbourhood are unsurpassed in the 
 South of Scotland, embracing as they do the scene of Scott’s ‘‘ Guy Mannering.” 
 
 Visitors have fishing in Loch Whinyeon and the River Fleet free, a boat being kept 
 on the Loch for their sole use. 
 
 POSTING. LETTERS, ETC., PROMPTLY ANSWERED. 
 GEORGE McMICHAEL, Proprietor. 
 
 Moderate Charges.—Muas, DOIG, Proprietrix. 
 
GARELOCH. 35 
 
 THE SHANDON HYDROPATHIC 
 
 BEAUTIFULLY SITUATED ON THE GARELOCH, near HELENSBURGH, N.B. 
 Within 14 hours of Glasgow, and 40 minutes of Greenock. 
 
 Pp 
 
 SSS 
 SSeS 
 
 Post and Telegraph 
 
 THE FINEST HYDROPATHIC RESIDENCE IN THE KINGDOM. 
 
 WELL adapted for FAMILIES returning from INDIA or the Colonies, and a convenient centre for 
 
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 Excellent Cuisine, and every Home Comfort. 
 
 ee 
 
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 [ete uel 
 
 British Railway, also direct communication with Greenock by Steamers. 
 Apply for Prospectus to The Manager, Shandon, by Helensburgh. 
 
 Numerous Trains from Glasgow and Edinburgh connecting with Steamers at Craigendoran Pier on North 
 
 TOURISTS making Excursions to Lochlomond, and to much of the most beautiful scenery in Scotland. 
 The Conservatory, Vineries, Gardens, and Policies are unrivalled. Magnificent Sea-Water Swimming : 
 
 Bath (heated), and other Baths, with every luxury. Pleasure Boats, Games, &c. 
 
 Offices at the Entrance Lodge. 
 
 Hi 
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36 GIANT'S CAUSEWAY—GLASGOW, 
 GIANT’S CAUSEWAY. 
 
 SE 
 ui 4 
 
 : i 
 Vins aA RAW 
 
 GAUSEWAY HOTEL AND ELECTRIC 7TRAMWAY. 
 
 fa: beautifully situated Hotel is worked in connection with the Grant’s CAUSEWAY 
 
 Evecrric TRAMWAY. It is the most central spot for Tourists visiting the district, 
 being close to the Giant’s Causeway, and with Dunluce Castle, Dunseverick Castle, 
 and Carrick-a-Rede in the immediate neighbourhood. 
 
 The Hotel stands in its own?grounds of 25 Acres, and has been three’times enlarged 
 within the last four years to meet the growing popularity of the Establishment, which 
 will be found most comfortable, and the charges moderate. There is an Asphalte Lawn 
 Tennis Court and Kiosk. The Hotel is lighted throughout with the Electric Light. 
 
 Guides, Boats, and Posting are attached to the Hotel with fixed scale of charges.’ 
 
 Electric Tram Cars leave Portrush Station on the arrival of all trains, with through 
 booking to the Causeway Hotel. The extension of the Electric Tramway from Bush- 
 mills to the Causeway will be open this season, when Tourists will be landed in the 
 Hotel grounds without any trouble or change of Cars. There will be an increased service 
 of Electric Tram.Cars on the Tramway during the summer months, and the Antrim 
 coast service will be entirely remodelled. Orders to view the Electric Generating 
 Station at Walkmills can be obtained at the Hotel. 
 
 Postal and-Telegraph Address—The MANAGER, Causeway Hotel, Bushmills, ' 
 
 Note.—Always ask for through Railway Tickets to the Giant’s Causeway. 
 
 GLASGOW. 
 HIS LORDSHIP’S LARDER AND HOTEL, 
 
 10 ST. ENOCH SQUARE, GLASGOW. 
 (Opposite St. Enoch Station Booking Office.) 
 
 OBS ensure economy consistent with comfort, Visitors cannot do better 
 than live at this most central House. Breakfast, Dinner, Tea, and 
 Bedroom included, from 7s. to 8s. per day. 
 T. WHITE, Proprietor. 
 
GLASGOW. 37 
 GLASGOW. 
 
 PHILP’S COCKBURN HOTEL, 
 
 141 BATH STREET. 
 
 His large new Hotel is especially 
 
 planned and constructed with 
 every Modern Improvement to meet 
 the requirements of a First-Class 
 Hotel. Situation unsurpassed. In 
 an elevated and quiet but central 
 and convenient part of the City ; with- 
 in easy access of the different Railway 
 Stations and Steam-Ship Landings. 
 Street Cars pass within a few yards 
 to all parts of the City. 
 
 Passenger Elevator. Ma Mt ee = 
 Turkish Baths and Billiard Rooms. . “I in tli 
 The home of Americans in Glasgow 
 
 ‘ F Ton oy 
 BED AND ATTENDANCE FROM 2s, 6d. em Bl 
 = i 
 
 LIBERAL BOARDING TERMS. 
 N.B.—In connection with the Cock- 
 
 BURN HorEL, EDINBURGH, and Philp’s 
 
 Glenburn Hydropathic, Rothesay. 
 
 Every information given regarding ~ High-Class Temperance House. 
 Tours. 
 
 TOW LHE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 | aoe | (3 
 =F ats i 
 
 a 
 
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 ate 
 
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 iH E BATH Bos E is 
 152 BATH STREET, GLASGOW. 
 The most comfortable First-class Hotel in Glasgow. Very Moderate Charges. 
 P. ROBERTSON, PRopRIETOR. 
 
38 GLASGOW. 
 
 CRANSTON’S 
 
 WAVERLEY TEMPERANCE HOTEL, GLASGOW, 
 Is now removed to 172 SAUCHIEHALL STREET 
 
 (For particulars see Advertisement, p. 26). 
 
 GLASGOW (Note new Ka . 172 SAUCHIEHALL STREET. 
 EDINBURGH, ‘Old . 43 PRINCES STREET. 
 EDINBURGH, “New 4 ; . 16 WATERLOO PLACE. 
 LONDON - : : . 87 KING STREET, CHEAPSIDE. 
 CAUTION! No connection with any other Waverley Hotel in Glasgow. 
 GLASGOW. 
 
 CITY COMMERCIAL RESTAURANT, 
 54 np 60 UNION STREET, GLASGOW. 
 
 THE most extensive and comfortable Dining Room in Scotland. Breakfasts, Dinn€rs, 
 2 and Teas served with comfort, economy, and despatch. Bill of Fare— EXTRA 
 ODERATE. 
 
 LADIES’ PRIVATE DINING ROOM AND LAVATORY. : 
 GENTLEMEN’S LAVATORIES. 
 No Gratuities to Waiters. 
 
 MATTHEW WADDELL, Proprietor. 
 GLASGOW. 
 
 STEELS HOTEL, 
 
 CORNER OF QUEEN STREET AND ARGYLE STREET. 
 The most central Hotel in Glasgow. 
 
 Ladies’ Coffee Room. Over 90 Apartments. 
 Breakfast and Lunch from 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. Dinner from 8s. 
 Bed and Attendance from 2s. 6d. 
 
 Bed and Board per week, £2:12s. 
 
 WM. ANDERSON, Proprietor. 
 Late of Café Royal Hotel, Edinburgh. 
 
 GLASGOW. 
 
 MACLEAN’S HOTEL, 
 
 ST. VINCENT STREET: 
 FIRST CLASS. 120 APARTMENTS. 
 MODERATE CHARGES. 
 
 Close to Railway Stations. 
 
GLASGOW. 39 
 
 TOURISTS AND STRANGERS VISITING 
 GLASGOW 
 
 WILL FIND A LARGE AND WELL-SELECTED VARIETY OF 
 
 VIEWS OF SCOTTISH SCENERY, 
 
 GUIDE-BOOKS, MAPS, &c. &e. 
 
 REID'S TOURIST EMPORIUM, 
 
 144 ARGYLE STREET, GLASGOW. 
 4B Fourth Shop West of Buchanan Street. yp 
 Speciality.—White-Wood Goods with views of Scottish Scenery —very 
 
 suitable as Souvenirs of Scotland—from 6d. and upwards, 
 
 GLASGOW. 
 
 pda ” FIELD GLASS, 
 
 As represented by engraving, is Univ alled for 
 Value!!! Price in Sling Case 35s.; or with 
 Best Dull Leather Case, suitable for any Cli- 
 mate, 41s. Second to None. 
 
 BROWN’S 
 
 Optical Wonder Field or Opera Glasses, 10s. 6d., 14s. 
 21s., 25s. 
 
 Magic Lanterns from ls. 6d. to £25. 
 
 The Lecturer’s Magic Lantern is the best value 
 made, 84s. 
 Orthoscopie or Correct Vision Spectacles, with finest 
 Glass Lenses, in Steel Frames, 4s. 6d. 
 
 Ditto, with finest Pebble Lenses, 7s. 6d. 
 
 Han 
 
 BROWN, Oculist Optician, 76 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. 
 
40 GLASGOW. 
 
 “Leook at this 
 re i Look at that” 
 
 HOMPSON’ S AMERICAN be ‘SOLVENT. 
 
 HARD or SOFT CORNS, BUNIONS and WARTS, a reduces 
 ENLARGED or INFLAMED TOE JOIN 
 
 \ 
 Mest ee AAA eyes ey 4 
 
 NO PAIN. INSTANT RELIEF. 
 Bottles 1s. 14d., Post Free for 14 Stamps. GENUINE only from 
 
 M.-F. OM ESO N, 
 HOMEPATHIC AND DISPENSING CHEMIST, 
 17 GORDON STREET, GLASGOW. 
 
 SMITH, SONS, 
 
 AND 
 
 LAUGHLAND, 
 
 SILK MERCERS, FAMILY DRAPERS, 
 
 COMPLETE OUTFITTERS, 
 GENERAL WAREHOUSEMEN, 
 
 Carpet Merchants and Household Furmshers, 
 
 78 to 82 UNION STREET, 
 GLASGOW, 
 
 Have always a Large, Choice, fully Assorted Stock ; and Novelties 
 are added to each Department as they appear. 
 
GLOUCESTER—GOLSPIE——-GUERNSEY. 4] 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 THE BELL HOTEL, 
 
 AITUATE in the centre of jthe City, near the Cathedral, and is the 
 Leading Hotel for Families and Gentlemen. 
 EXCELLENT STABLING. POST HORSES AND CARRIAGES. 
 FULL FUNERAL EQUIPMENTS. 
 Omnibuses to and from every Train. Night Porter. 
 Miss CORNER, Manageress. 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 SPREAD EAGLE HOTEL. 
 
 HIS Old-Established First-Class Family Hotel will be found by Visitors replete with 
 every comfort. Well-ventilated Bed and Sitting Rooms en swite. Headquarters 
 Bicycle Touring Club. Handsome Coffee Room. Hot and Cold Baths. All the latest 
 sanitary arrangements complete. First-rate Cuisine and choice Wines, &c. Good 
 _ Stabling and Loose Boxes for Hunters, &c. An Elegant and Spacious Ballroom to be 
 let for Balls, Concerts, Dinners, Meetings, Sales, &c. Tariffon application. Posting. 
 
 a rec ae pi The Hotel Omnibus meets all Trains. 
 A NIGHT PORTER ALWAYS IN ATTENDANCE. 
 HENRY CHARLES GROGAN, Proprietor. 
 
 GOLSPIE. 
 
 ROYAL SUTHERLAND ARMS HOTEL. 
 
 EAUTIFULLY situated within a mile of Dunrobin Castle, the Grounds 
 
 of which are opento the Public. Free Trout Fishing on Loch Brora 
 
 for parties staying at the Hotel. Five minutes’ walk from sea-shore. 
 
 Horses and Carriages on Hire. An Omnibus meets Trains. Charges 
 moderate. JAMES MITCHELL, Proprietor. 
 
 THE ISLAND OF GUERNSEY. 
 Pa ON BRA 
 
 FAMILY & COMMERCIAL HOUSE, ESPLANADE, GUERNSEY. 
 ESTABLISHED 50 YEARS. 
 
 THIS Hotel is situated in the most commanding part of the Island, facing the 
 spacious harbours and the approaches thereto, also having a full front view of the 
 adjacent islands of Sark, Herm, Jersey, and Alderney. Visitors should be especially 
 careful on landing to ask for the *“Royal.” Table d’Héte. Briutarps for the use of 
 visitors staying in the Hotel only. Telegraphic Address—‘‘ Gardner, Guernsey.” 
 JAS. B. GARDNER, Proprietor. 
 
42 (HARRIS, sce p. 83)—HARROGATE. 
 
 HARROGATE. 
 
 ROYAL HOTEL. 
 
 WILLIAM KEIGHLEY, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 THIS first-class Family Hotel is most pleasantly and healthily 
 situated, and is replete with every comfort for families. Within 
 five minutes’ walk of the Railway Station. 
 
 BILLIARD ROOM. 
 HARROGATE. 
 
 “THE GRANBY,” 
 
 HIGH HARROGATE, 
 FACING THE STRAY. 
 
 qenat First-Class Family Hotel stands in its own extensive grounds, and is beautifully 
 situated in the best part of Harrogate. Good Lawn-Tennis Court. Great altera- 
 tions have lately been made in the House, and Visitors will find in it every convenience. 
 Carriages to the Wells and Baths every morning free of charge. Ten minutes’ walk 
 from the Station. For Terms, &., apply W. H. MILNER, Proprietor. 
 
 Good Stabling. Carriages on Hire. 
 HARROGATE WELLS. 
 
 BARBER’S GEORGE HOTEL. 
 
 Voor to Harrogate will find many advantages in making their temporary resi- 
 dence at this Hotel, it being situated within three minutes’ walk of the Sulphur 
 and Cheltenham Springs, seven minutes’ walk from the Railway Station, and in the 
 immediate vicinity of the Public Baths, Concert Rooms, &c. The sheltered situation 
 of the Hotel makes it admirably adapted for Visitors in Spring and Autumn. Terms 
 per day :—Board and Lodgings, in Public Rooms, 6s. 6d. each; ditto, ditto, in Private 
 Rooms, 7s. 6d. each; Private Sitting Rooms, 3s. to 5s. each; Attendance, &c., 1s. 3d. 
 each. Beds charged extra if for less than three nights. Horses’ Hay, 10s. 6d. per week. 
 Ostler extra. Billiard Rooms. Stabling for Hunters and Carriage Horses. 
 N.B.—No fees given to Conductor to recommend this Hotel. Notr.—Harrogate 
 being a health resort, the Patrons of this Hotel are not expected to use Wine, Xc., 
 unless they require it. 
 
 HIGH HARROGATE. 
 
 GASCOIGNE’S 
 FIRST-CLASS FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL HOTEL. 
 
 TANDING in its own grounds, in the most fashionable part of |High Harrogate. 
 
 Seven minutes’ walk from the Station. A Carriage leaves the Hotel for Wells 
 
 each morning, free of charge. Private Sitting Rooms on application. Billiards. 
 Terms moderate. An Omnibus meets every Train. J. 8. DAVIES, Proprietor. 
 
 In order to prevent disappointment please note Address. 
 SOUTH ASPECT. 
 
HELENSBURGH—HELSTON——-HUNTER’S QUAY—ILFRACOMBE. 43 
 
 HELENSBURGH. 
 
 ae Finest Watering-Place in the West of Scotland. Trains and Boats to Loch 
 
 Lomond and Trossachs, and Steamer every morning to Dunoon at 8.45, in time to 
 meet the ‘‘ Iona” for the Highlands by that most celebrated Route—Ardrishaig, Crinan, 
 and Oban, to Staffa and Iona. The alterations and improvements at the QUEEN’S 
 HOTEL are now completed, and the Suites of Apartments for Families cannot be sur- 
 passed. The view of the Clyde and Lake is most magnificent. Tourists conveniently 
 arranged. A magnificent Coffee Room. Smoking and Billiard Room. 
 
 All Charges strictly Moderate. 
 Omnibuses and Carriages to all Steamers and Trains. 
 
 A. WILLIAMSON, Proprietor. 
 HELSTON: 
 
 ANGEL HOTEL, 
 
 FOR THE LIZARD AND KYNANCE COVE. 
 
 | Aa Hotel affords every Accommodation for Families and Gentlemen, 
 
 and is especially adapted for Excursionists. Twenty minutes’ walk 
 from the celebrated Looe Pool. Posting in allits branches. Brake to the 
 Lizard daily (Sundays excepted) during the Season. 
 
 W. BLACKWELL, Proprietor. 
 
 HUNTER’S QUAY, HOLY LOCH. 
 
 ROYAL MARINE HOTEL. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS of ROYAL CLYDE YACHT CLUB. Situated close to Hunter's 
 
 Quay, at which Pier Steamers call several times a day, and is within ten minutes’ 
 walk of Kirn Pier. The Hotel has lately been considerably enlarged, and is most 
 conifortably furnished, offering superior accommodation for Families and Gentlemen. 
 Charges strictly moderate. Visitors boarded by day or week. Coaches pass daily by 
 Loch Eck Route to and from Inveraray. There is frequent communication between 
 Dunoon and Sandbank by brakes. Hot, Cold, Spray, and Douche Baths. Carriages 
 
 and Boats for hire. OSCAR TROEGER, Manager. 
 
 ILFRACOMBE, 
 
 ROYAL CLARENCE 
 FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL HOTEL. 
 
 REPLETE with every Home comfort. A spacious Ladies’ Coffee Room, with large 
 number of Bedrooms, has recently been added, Moderate Charges. Tariff on 
 application. 
 
 First-Class Billiard Room. Omnibus meets every Train. 
 CHARLES Ep, CLEMOW, Proprietor. 
 
 In connection with Anderton’s Hotel, Fleet Street, London, and Peacock and 
 Royal, Boston, Linc. 
 
44 . ILFRACOMBE. 
 
 2 
 
 igri Be = eS | Pal We: 
 THE ILFRACOMBE HOTEL. 
 NEWLY DECORATED AND FURNISHED. 
 
 250 Apartments. Magnificent Salle a Manger. Elegant Drawing-Rooms. Reading 
 Room. Large Billiard Room. Comfortable Smoking Room. Ornamental Grounds of 
 Five Acres, extending to the Sea. Hight Lawn Tennis Courts. 
 
 Table d’Héte Dinner at Separate Tables, daily from 6 to 8 o'clock. 
 There is attached to the Hotel one of the largest Swimming Baths in England. 
 Also Private Hot and Cold Sea and Fresh Water Baths, Douche, Shower, &c. 
 
 | hue attractions of Ilfracombe, and the places of interest in the neighbourhood, point 
 to it as the natural centre to be chosen by the Tourist who desires to see with 
 comfort all the beauties of Coast and Inland Scenery which North Devon affords. 
 There is also easy access into South Devon and Cornwall. The means of communi- 
 cation with Ilfracombe by Rail, Road, and Steamboat are most complete. 
 Tourist Tickets to Ilfracombe for two months are issued during the Season at all the 
 principal Railway Stations in England. 
 
 Address--MANAGER, ILFRAcomBE, NortH DEVON. 
 
 THE ROYAL BRITANNIA HOTEL, ILFRACOMBE, 
 GOOD PUBLIC ROOMS. MODERATE TERMS. 
 
 ApDREssS—THE MANAGER. 
 
ILKLEY—(INNELLAN, see p. 46)—INVERARAY. 45 
 
 ILKLEY, YORKSHIRE. 
 
 MIDDLETON HOTEL, 
 
 FACING THE MOORS. 
 
 i ian First-Class Family HoTEL stands in its own extensive 
 
 grounds on the banks of the picturesque River Wharfe, 
 six miles from the famous Bolton Woods, Spacious Dining, 
 Drawing, and Coffee Rooms. Billiard and Smoke Rooms. 
 Suites of Apartments, &c. 
 
 TABLE D’HOTE, 6.45—SEPARATE TABLE. 
 TENNIS COURTS. GOOD STABLING. 
 TARIFF ON APPLICATION TO 
 
 The Manageress. 
 
 ILKLEY, NEAR LEEDS. 
 
 TROUTBECK HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT 
 
 AND SANATORIU M. 
 
 Physician—THOMAS, SCOTT, M.D., M.R.C.8.E. 
 Proprietor and Manager—JOHN DOBSON. 
 
 [ROUTBECK is beautifully situated on an eminence overlooking the Valley of the 
 Wharfe, adjoining the Moor, and close to the Tarn. This Establishment is a hand- 
 some erection in the Elizabethan style, capable of accommodating seventy persons, 
 built expressly for the purpose of carrying out the Hydropathic System to its fullest 
 extent, and is justly famed for being one of the most compact and comfortable in Ilkley, 
 every attention having been paid to render it at all times a most attractive residence for 
 Invalids seeking health, as well as for Visitors who desire merely relaxation and change. 
 For full Prospectus, address—JOHN DOBSON, as above. 
 
 INVERARAY. 
 
 ST. CATHERINE’S HOTEL, 
 
 LOCH FYNE, FACING INVERARAY. 
 DONALD SUTHERLAND, Proprietor. 
 OOD Shooting, Grouse, Black Game, &c., for Visitors; also Stream 
 
 and Loch Fishing. Coaches in connection with Glasgow Steamers 
 start from and stop at St. Catherine’s, Posting. Carriages on Hire. 
 
 Moderate Charges. 
 
46 INNELLAN, 
 INNELLAN, 
 
 ROYAL HOTEL. 
 
 MAITLAND begs to announce that he has purchased 
 
 the above large and commodious Hotel, which has 
 lately undergone extensive alterations and additions, in- 
 cluding one of the largest and most handsome Dining- 
 Rooms and Ladies’ Sitting-Rooms of any Hotel on the Firth 
 of Clyde ;“also Parlours with Suites of Bedrooms on each 
 flat. The Hotel is within three minutes’ walk of the Pier, 
 and being built upon an elevation, commands a Sea view of 
 the surrounding country, including Bute, Arran, The Cum- 
 braes, Ayrshire, Renfrewshire, and Dumbartonshire, making 
 the situation one of the finest in Scotland. The grounds of 
 the Hotel being laid out in walks, and interspersed with 
 shrubs and flowers, are quiet and retired for Families, There 
 are also beautiful drives in the vicinity. The Dining-Room 
 has a large Fernery, with water fountain, which plays daily 
 during the summer, making it cool and refreshing during the 
 hot weather. Steamers call at the Pier nearly every hour 
 for the Highlands and all parts of the Coast. Tourists 
 arriving at the Hotel the night before can have Breakfast 
 at Table d’Hote at 9 a.M., and bein time to join the “Iona ” 
 at 10 a.m. for the north, calling at Innellan on her return 
 about 4P.M. The Cuisine and Wines are of the finest quality. 
 
 Large Billiard-Room attached. Hot, Cold, and Spray Baths. 
 Horses and Carriages kept for Hire. 
 FAMILIES BOARDED BY THE DAY OR WEEK. 
 
 *_* In connection with Ardlwi Hotel, Loch Lomond, and Bridge Street 
 Station Hotel, Glasgow. 
 
INVERARAY (see also p. 45)—INVERGARRY—INVERNESS. 47 
 INVERARAY. 
 
 THE ae Ona ST Ore L. 
 
 Under New Management. 
 
 Tourists, Families, and Commercial Gentlemen will find this Hotel 
 most comfortable, combined with Moderate Charges. 
 
 Special Rates for Commercial Gentlemen and Bicyclists. 
 R. CLARK, Lessee. 
 
 INVERARAY. 
 
 THE ARGYLL ARMS HOTEL, 
 
 Entirely Refurnished, and under new Management. 
 Charges strictly Moderate. 
 Parties boarded April to July. Fishing. 
 JOHN CLARK, Proprietor. 
 
 INVERGARRY. 
 
 INVERGARRY HOTEL, 
 
 INVERNESS-SHIRE. 
 
 OW reopened after being rebuilt and enlarged. Comfortable accommoda- 
 
 tion and perfect quietness amid very beautiful scenery. Reasonable 
 
 Charges. Excellent Trout Fishing and use of Boats in Loch Garry Free. 
 Post and Telegraph Office near Hotel. 
 
 JOHN McINNES, Lessee. 
 INVERNESS. 
 THE HIGHLAND RAILWAY COMPANY’S 
 
 STATION HOTEL. 
 
 FREQUENTLY PATRONISED BY THE ROYAL FAMILY. 
 
 A PRIVATE entrance from the platform under cover. The Hotel Porters 
 attend the Trains, and an Omnibus the Caledonian Canal Steamers. 
 
 POSTING. VERY MODERATE TARIFF. 
 EDWARD CESARI, Manager. 
 
8 INVERNESS. 
 
 “CALEDONIAN HOTEL 
 
 Facing the Railway Station, and within one minute's walk, 
 
 HIS well-known first- 
 class Family Hotel is 
 patronised by the Royal 
 Family and most of the 
 nobilityof Europe. Having 
 recently added fifty rooms 
 with numerous suites of 
 apartments for families, 
 handsomely refurnished 
 throughout, it is now the 
 4, largest and best appointed 
 ; Hotel in Inverness, and 
 universally acknowledged 
 = one of the most comfort- 
 able in Scotland. 
 
 In point of situation 
 this Hotel is the only one 
 overlooking the riverNess, 
 the magnificent view from 
 the windows being unsur- 
 passed, and extending to 
 
 i upwards of fifty miles of 
 the surrounding strath and mountain scenery of the great glen of ‘‘ Caledonia.” 
 
 MAGNIFICENT LADIES? DRAWING ROOM. An Omnibus attends all the Canal Steamers. 
 The Hotel Porters await the arrival of all Trains. Posting. 
 
 ALEXANDER M‘FARLANE, Proprietor. 
 
 FIRST- AND 
 GLASS COMMERCIAL 
 FAMILY HOTEL. 
 
 ie ti 
 One Minate’ wa Railway Stat 
 
 INVERNESS. 
 
 pd dmg fy Bl i pl gy 
 
 (Late Harcombe’s). 
 Unsurpassed for Situation and Comfort, combined with Moderate Charges. 
 
 , TARIFF, 
 Breakfast (Plain) ; ls. 6d. Tea (Plain) ‘ Is. 6d. 
 Do. (Table d’Hote) . 2s. 6d. Dinner (Table d’ Hote) f 3s. 6d. 
 Bedrooms from Is. 6d.. Attendance Is. 6d. 
 The Porters of the Hotel attend all Trains, and the Hotel Omnibus runs 
 in connection with the Caledonian Canal Steamers. 
 D. DAVIDSON, Proprietor. 
 
INVERNESS (se¢ also p. 50),——ISLE OF WIGHT. 49 
 
 THE VICTORIA HOTEL, INVERNESS 
 
 On the Promenade leading to the Cathedral and Ness Islands. 
 
 TMHE VICTORIA is the best situated Hotel in Inverness, being the nearest to Canal 
 Steamers, and the only first-class Hotel facing the River and Castle. 
 
 Omnibus attends Steamers and Trains. 
 JOHN BLACK, Proprietor. 
 
 SHANKLIN FOR SUNSHINE. 
 
 HINTON’S ROYAL SPA HOTEL, 
 
 The only Hotel on the Esplanade and facing the Sea, 
 Pome) VV) Gir T. 
 
 by SHELTERED and sequestered nook, Drawing Room, Conservatory, Flowers and 
 Birds. ‘Table d’Héte at 7. Separate Tables. 50 Bedand Sitting Rooms, Billiards 
 free of charge, and constant Amusements for Families residing in the Hotel. 
 
 From 3 Guineas a week in Winter. 
 ,, 84 Guineas ,, in Summer, 
 
 D 
 
 . PENSION 
 
50 INVERNESS—ISLE OF WIGHT (sce also p. 49). 
 MACBEAN’S 
 
 IMPERIAL HOTEL, 
 
 INVERNESS. 
 
 The most central First-class Hotel in Town, and opposite 
 to the Railway Station. 
 
 Ls 
 ve8; 
 
 Billiard Room 
 
 Large Dining 
 Saloon with 
 accommodating Two Tables, 
 . Hot and Cold 
 90 Guests. uN 
 , - Baths, and 
 tae a “upwards of 
 = 60 Rooms. 
 
 Drawing Room. 
 
 The Hotel Omnibus attends all Steamers, and Porters await the arrival of Trains. 
 WINES AND LIQUORS OF SUPERIOR QUALITY. 
 
 ISLE OF WIGHT. | 
 DROVER’S MARINE HOTEL, 
 PARADE, WEST COWES. 
 
 JAMES DROVER, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 PLEASANTLY SITUATED, FACING THE SEA. 
 The Comfort of Visitors studied in every way. 
 
 N.B.—Board at low Rates during the Winter Months. 
 
ISLE OF WIGHT——KESWICK—-KILLARNEY. 51 
 VENTNOR, -1.W. 
 ESPLANADE ‘BOARDING HOUSE. 
 
 Best position on Esplanade. Completely sheltered from 
 North.and East winds, with South aspect overlooking sea. 
 Close to Pier. » Good Bathing and Boating. Liberal Table. 
 
 . Terms from 35s. to 3 Guineas per Week. 
 
 DERWENT WATER LAKE. 
 JHFFERY’S. 
 
  Blencathra” Family & Commercial Temperance. Hotel 
 (Opposite the Wesleyan. Chapel), 
 
 SOUTHEY STREET, KESWICK. 
 
 Five MINuTEs’ WALK FROM THE STATION. 
 
 PUBASANTLY Situated, commanding extensive views of Mountain Scenery, recently 
 enlarged and Refur nished, . Ladies’ Drawing-Room. Hot and Cold Baths. Posting 
 
 po all 58 ene _.. A?*BUS MEETS ALL TRAINS. 
 é JOHN H. JEFFERY, Proprietor. 
 
 LAKES OF KILLARNEY. | 
 
 “THE LAKE HOTEL’ 
 
 ‘The: only ‘Hotel in Killarney situated . on the Lake Shore. 
 
 Te is essential to apprise Tourists that there is at Killarney but one 
 establishment called ‘‘THE LAKE HOTEL.” 
 
 C is posi in the Bay of Casslelough,-on the crete Shore of the 
 | Lower Lake,*in the centre of the varied scenery of the Lake, within 
 ten minutes’ drive of the Railway Station. 
 The waters of the Lake approach the Hall Door, and hence the dis- 
 tinctive title, ‘‘THe Lak Horen.” 
 Boats and Vehicles of every description supplied at fixed and, Moderate Prices, 
 
 No Gratuities allowed: to Drivers, Boatmen, etc., as they are paid 
 ample wages by the Proprietor. 
 The Lake Hotel Omnibus attends the arrival and departure of the 
 
 Trains. 
 
 Novick oF THE Press—Irom Bradshaw’s ‘‘ Towrists’ Hand-Book.” 
 
 “In point of situation, that of ‘THe Lake Hore.’ is, beyond question, the very 
 best, in the Lakes of Killarney. It occupies the centre of the circle described by the 
 great. mountain ranges of Mangerton, Torc, Eagle’s Nest, Purple Mountain, Glena, 
 ‘Toomies, Dunloe Gap, and Carranthual, and concentrates in one view all that ‘is 
 graceful, picturesque, and sublime in the scenery of Killarney.”—Bradshaw’s “ Towrists’ 
 Hand-Book,” page 382. 
 
52 KILLARNEY—KILLIN. 
 
 KILLARNEY 
 By Her Most Gracious Majesty's Special Permission. 
 
 THE ROYAL VICTORIA HOTEL 
 
 (Open throughout the Year.) 
 
 SITUATED ON THE SHORE OF THE LOWER LAKE. ° 
 Patronised by H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES ; 
 by H.R.H. the DUKE OF CONNAUGHT ; 
 by the Royal Families of France, Belgium, &c, ; and Leading 
 American Families. 
 
 HIS Hotel is situated on the shore of the Lower Lake, 
 
 facing the far-famed Island of Innisfallen, within ten 
 
 minutes’ drive of the Railway Station, and a short distance 
 from the Gap of Dunloe. 
 
 TABLE D’HOTE DURING THE SEASON. 
 
 Boarding terms from October to June inclusive, 
 
 Postal Telegraph Office in the House. JOHN O’LEARY, Proprietor. 
 KILLARNEY LAKE DISTRICT. 
 
 THE MUCKROSS HOTEL, 
 
 OMBINED with strictly moderate charges, contains all. that is necessary to 
 promote the comfort and convenience of Visitors. It is situated in the most 
 central and beautiful part of the Lake District, and within fifteen minutes’ drive of the 
 Railway Station, at which the hotel ’bus attends. Surrounded by pleasant walks and 
 drives, many objects of great interest and beauty, this Hotel will be found a most 
 desirable place to spend a few days or weeks. 
 
 Angling.—The Proprietor has arranged for the use of Visitors good Salmon Fish- 
 ing. There is also good Salmon and Trout Fishing on the lakes, which are Freez, and 
 Anglers can have boats from the Proprietor without charge. 
 
 Tariff and other particulars on application. 
 Please be particular to observe the "bus you enter bears the name, THE MUCK: 
 
 ROSS HOTEL, 
 
 LOCH-TAY, KILLIN HOTEL, PERTHSHIRE. 
 
 BY Callander and Oban Railway, thence per New Branch Railway to Killin in connection with Loch 
 Tay. Steamers. This Hotel is within two minutes’ walk of the Railway Station, situated on the banks 
 
 of the Lochay, at the head of Loch Tay, amongst some of the finest scenery in Scotland) A recently 
 constructed road has now opened’for the first time to Tourists, by Coach ‘‘ GLENLOCHAY,” the finest of 
 the Perthshire Glens. Winding through the gentler beauties of its opening on Loch Tay, the traveller 
 speedily reaches the mystie pass of the “Collig,” which for sounding waterfall, frowning precipice, and 
 pine-clad hills, equals, if it does not excel, the far-famed Trossachs. Farther onward, girt in by the 
 mountain ridges of Glen Dochart, Glen Lochay, and Glen Lyon, the wild chaos forming the ancient 
 Forest of Mamlorn, and lying under the shadow of the mighty Ben Hallum, there is found a scene of the 
 most exquisite pastoral loveliness— 
 ‘“‘ The silence that is in the starry sky, 
 The sleep that is among the lonely hills.” 
 
 Among the many places of interest are Finlarig Castle, Mausoleum of the Breadalbane Family, 
 Inchbuie, the Burial Place of the Clan M‘Nab. English Church. Post’and Telegraph Office close'by. 
 Lawn-Tennis. Trout Fishing and Pleasure Boats FREE OF CHARGE. Posting establishment complete. 
 ‘A Coach will leave Killin Hotel daily for Glen Lochay, at 11.50 a.m., returning for North and South 
 Trains and Steamers. ALEXANDER STUART, Proprietor, 
 
KINGSTOWN— KIRK WALL— LEAMINGTON. 53 
 
 KINGSTOWN (CO. DUBLIN). 
 
 THE ROYAL MARINE HOTEL, 
 KINGSTOWN. 
 
 FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL. 
 
 Faces Dublin Bay and Kingstown Harbour. 
 
 Two minutes from Royal Mail Packet Pier. 
 
 TWELVE MINUTES FROM DUBLIN BY RAIL. 
 
 LUGGAGE PER MAIL SHOULD BE LABELLED “KINGSTOWN.” 
 
 KIRKWALL—ORKNEY ISLES. 
 
 THE KIRKWALL HOTEL. 
 
 WILLIAM DUNNET, Proprietor, begs to intimate that the Hotel has been recently 
 
 enlarged, thus affording additional accommodation, comprising Coffee, Commercial, 
 Billiard, and Smoking Rooms. Private Parlours, with comfortable, well-aired, and 
 spacious Bedrooms. The Pleasure Grounds, adjoining the Hotel, are beautifully 
 adorned with large trees, which shade the Bowling, Croquet, and Quoit Greens. The 
 Hotel is situated within a few minutes’ walk of the Pier, and in close proximity to the 
 Cathedral and Bishop’s Palace. Conveyances wait arrival of Daily Mail Steamer from 
 Thurso. Gentlemen staying at this Hotel may enjoy Shooting and Fishing free of 
 charge. Posting in all its departments. 
 
 LEAMINGTON. 
 ROYAL LEAMINGTON SPA. 
 
 MANOR HOUSE HOTEL. 
 
 IRST-CLASS for Families and Gentlemen. Surrounded by its most magnificently 
 
 laid-out grounds, sloping to the River Leam, facing the Pump-Room Gardens, and in 
 lose proximity to both Railway Stations—thus making it one of the prettiest places 
 f resort in the Kingdom. The Hotel has been considerably enlarged, furnished with 
 11 modern comforts, possesses the largest and handsomest Royal Assembly Room in 
 he town. French Cuisine. Table d’Hoéte at Seven o’clock. Prices moderate. 
 
 POSTING, &c. SPLENDID NEW BOXES FOR HUNTING. 
 
 ROBERT LAMPLOUGH, Proprietor 
 (Late Proprietor of the White Hart Hotel, Harrogate). 
 
54  LIVERPOOL——-LLANDUDNO—-LLANGOLLEN-— 
 
 : LIVERPOOL. 
 ., SHAFTESBURY 
 i, TEMPERANCE HOTEL, 
 
 MOUNT PLEASANT. 
 
 About Three Minutes’ Walk from Central 
 and Lime Street Stations. 
 
 OMNIBUSES for the Landing Stage 
 and all parts of the City either 
 Z| pass the door or near the Hotel. Over 
 ==] 100 Rooms. Cleanliness, Comfort, and 
 Economy. Night Porters: » 
 
 LLANDUDNO. 
 
 THE IMPERIAL FAMILY HOTEL... 
 
 (CENTRE OF BAY.) 
 {2s consequence of the EXTENSIVE PATRONAGE which this Hotel has 
 enjoyed since it was opened in 1872, it has been found necessary to 
 ADD A NEw WING. APARTMENTS EN surrz 
 
 ELEGANT BILLIARD SALOON FOR THREE TABLES. 
 An Omnibus attends all Trains. ExceLLentT Stasuine. _ Tariff on Application. 
 
 JOHN CHANTREY, Proprietor. 
 LLANGOLLEN. 
 
 EDWARDS’ HAND HOTEL. 
 
 Unequalled for the Beauty of its Situation on the Banks of the. Dee. 
 
 LOCH AWE. 
 
 Several Bedrooms and Sitting Rooms have: been added. to the House: to: 
 suit the requirements of Families visiting this delightful Neighbourhood. 
 
 TABLE DHOTE, 6.30. sea aren ge 
 
 Omnibuses from this Hotel meet all Trains, 
 
 THE LOCH AWE AND  DALMALLY HOTELS, 
 ARGYLLSHIRE, © © 
 
 Pie, scenery round these well-known, Hotels is peau the finest in. 
 the Highlands. Situations unsurpassed. ‘The great centres. for 
 tourists. Numerous delightful Excursions by coach, rail, and steanier. 
 
 Capital Salmon and Trout Fishing, Boating, Tennis, Billiards, ete. 
 Visitors to Exhibition will find these Hotels central for numerous” 
 
 excursions. 
 DUN CAN FRASER, Proprietor. 
 
‘LOCH AWE—LOCH EARN... 55 
 
 LOCH AWE, 
 FREE TROUT, SALMON, AND SALMO-FEROX FISHING ON LOCH AWE. 
 
 TAYGREGGAN HOTEL, NORTH PORTSONACHAN. 
 
 RRC USS HOTEL for Families and Anglers, close to Loch Awe at Portsonachan, 
 half an hour’s sail from Loch Awe Station, and one hour's drive from Taynuilt 
 Station. Replete with every convenience. Is the nearest First-class Hotel to Loch 
 Awe, Loch Avich, Loch Nant, and ten other Hill Lochs, all Free to Visitors and mostly 
 within easy walking distance, and some of which have been stocked with Loch Leven 
 Trout, and can only be fished by staying at this Hotel. All Steamers call at the Hotel 
 Pier. A Coach in connection with the Steamer ‘‘Countess of Breadalbane” leaves 
 Hotel daily in the season, running through Glen Nant. Passengers booked for Tay- 
 nuilt, Oban, Head of Loch Etive, and Loch Awe, via Pass of Brander. Baths. Good 
 Boats. Best Fishing Tackle. Post Horses. Families Boarded. Lawn Tennis. 
 Telegraph Address—Tayoreaaan, Loco AWE. A. & A. MUNRO, 
 
 PORTSONACHAN HOTEL | 
 
 (LOCH AWE, ARGYLLSHIRE, N.B), 
 
 Js beautifully situated (half an hour’s sail from Loch Awe Station), and is the_best 
 angling station on the Lake, 
 
 The Hotel was lately rebuilt, and is now replete with every comfort. © The fishing, 
 which is first class, is free... Commodious boats and experienced boatmen always avail- 
 able. The Hotel Steamer plys three times daily to Station. Numerous daily excursions 
 from Hotel by Coach and Steamer, Hotel Tariff free on application. 
 
 THOMAS CAMERON, Proprietor. 
 Telegraphic Address—‘ Portsonachan Hotel, Loch Awe.” 
 
 DRUMMOND ARMS HOTEL, ST. FILLANS, BY CRIEFF. 
 
 OSS SSS = 
 
 PHS New and Commodious Hotel, beautifully situated at the foot of Lochearn, is 
 well adapted for Families and Tourists. St. Fillans is one of the loveliest places to 
 
 be met with anywhere. Boats for Fishing and Carriages for Hire, Caledonian Coaches 
 
 pass daily during the summer months. A. DAVIE, 
 
56 LOCH EARN HEAD—LOCH FYNE—LOCH LOMOND. 
 
 LOCH EARN HEAD. 
 
 LOCH EARN HEAD HOTEL, 
 
 BALQUHIDDER, PERTHSHIRE. 
 
 12 miles by rail from Callander. 
 (Under Royal Patronage. Twice visited by the Queen.) 
 
 THIS Hotel, which has been long established, has excellent accommodation for 
 Families and Tourists, with every comfort and quiet, lies high and dry, and 
 charmingly sheltered at the foot of the Wild Glen Ogle (the Kyber Pass), It commands 
 fine views of the surrounding Hills and Loch, the old Castle of Glenample, the scenery 
 of the Legend of Montrose, in the neighbourhood of Ben Voirlich, Rob Roy’s Grave, 
 Loch Voil, Loch Doine, and Loch Lubnaig, with many fine drives and walks. Posting 
 and Carriages. Boats for Fishing and Rowing free. A ’Bus to and from the Hotel 
 for the Trains during Summer. Coaches to and from Crieff daily in Summer. 
 
 R. DAYTON. 
 
 The Callander and Oban Railway is now open. Parties breaking the journey here 
 can proceed next morning with greater comfort. 
 
 LOCH FYNE. 
 
 CAIRNDOW HOTEL, 
 
 HEAD OF LOCH FYNE. 
 
 ARTIES staying at the Hotel can have excellent Salmon and Trout 
 Fishing, free of charge, on the River Kinglass and Loch Restal. See 
 pages 188 and 184 of The Sportsman’s and Towrist’s Guide. The Tarbet, 
 Inveraray, and Oban Coaches pass the Hotel daily during the season. 
 HORSES AND CARRIAGES ON HIRE. 
 WILLIAM JONES, Proprietor. 
 
 LOCH LOMOND. 
 
 BALLOCH HOTEL, FOOT OF LOGH LOMOND. 
 
 TE above Hotel is beautifully situated at the foot of the ‘‘ Queen of Scottish Lakes,” 
 and within two minutes’ walk of the Railway Station. Visitors will find every com- 
 fort, combined with moderate charges. 
 
 First-class Billiard Room, Smoking Room, Hot and Cold Baths, &c. 
 
 Parties purposing to proceed by first Steamer up Loch Lomond would do well to 
 arrive at the Hotel the previous evening. 
 
 Visitors staying at the Hotel have the privilege of walking through the Grounds 
 and Flower Gardens of Mr. Campbell of Tullichewan Castle, and also permission to 
 visit ‘‘ Mount Misery,” which commands 17 miles of the most beautiful portion of Loch- 
 lomond—23 islands being comprised in the view. Trout and Salmon Fishing. Posting 
 in all its branches. Boats for the Lake. Mrs. M‘DOUGALL, Proprietriz. 
 
LOCH LOMOND. 57 
 
 LOCH LOMOND. 
 
 INVERSNAID HOTEL. 
 
 faite Hotel is centrally situated in the Scottish Lake District amidst 
 unrivalled scenery. In the neighbourhood are many places of 
 interest, such as Rob Roy’s Cave, the islands on Loch Lomond, on some 
 of which are the remains of feudal strongholds, and within a few yards of 
 the Hotel, Inversnaid Falls, rendered famous by Wordsworth in his poem 
 ‘To a Highland Girl.” 
 Coaches to and from Loch Katrine in connection with all the sailings of 
 the steamer there to and from the Trossachs. 
 
 LAWN TENNIS. BOATS. BILLIARDS, &c. 
 TROUT FISHING ON THE LOCH FREE. 
 
 Parties Boarded by Week or Month, except in August. 
 ROBERT BLAIR, Proprietor. 
 
 LOCH LOMOND. 
 
 Dalmally, and 
 Posting. 
 
 Oban daily during the Season. 
 
 TARBET HOTEL. 
 YHIS Hotel has lately undergone considerable alterations with extensive additions, 
 
 comprising Billiard Room, Sitting Rooms, Ladies’ Drawing Rooms and Bed- 
 rooms, &c. Croquet. Lawn Tennis. : 
 
 A. H. MACPHERSON, Proprietor. 
 
 Parties Boarded on Moderate Terms. 
 Small Boats on the Loch, and Fishing Free. 
 
 Coaches to and from Inveraray, 
 
58 LOCH NESS.” 
 
 DALLAS’S 
 DRUMNADROCHIT HOTEL, 
 
 GLEN URQUHART, INVERNESS-SHIRE. 
 
 HIS old-established and weli-known Hotel has been entirely rebuilt on a first-class 
 scale, having now Thirty large Bedrooms, splendid Coffee and Drawing Rooms, 
 besides Parlours, Smoking Room, Bath Room, and all conveniences. The House was_ 
 specially built for an Hotel, and is newly and elegantly furnished in the most modern 
 style, and Families and Visitors are now afforded first-class accommodation, combined 
 with comfort and quiet, at moderate charges. . 
 The Walks and Drives around Drumnadrochit are unrivalled for beauty, variety, 
 and.extent, while in the immediate vicinity is scenery made famous by Phillips, Millais, - 
 Shirley Brooks, John Bright, and others. Within convenient distances are Urquhart ; 
 Castle, Falls of Dhivach, Dog Falls, and the famous Glen Affric and Strathglass. 
 Visitors staying at the Hotel have liberty to fish in Loch Ness, and other Fishing: 
 can be had in the neighbourhood. 
 
 oP oating complete in all Departments, and Conveyances, on Intimation, 
 will meet all Steamers. 
 
 LETTERS AND TELEGRAMS CAREFULLY ATTENDED TO, , 
 J. SIMPSON, Lessee. 
 
 Drumnadrochit Post and Telegraph Office within Two Minutes’ walk of Hotel. 
 MR. MACBRAYNE’S STEAMERS CALL AT TEMPLE PIER DAILY. 
 
LOCH LONG—-LONDON. 59 
 
 LOCH. LONG. 
 
 ARROCHAR HOTEL, 
 
 ARROCHAR, HEAD OF LOCH LONG. 
 | One and a half miles from Tarbet (Loch Lomond). 
 UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT. Newly and_elegantly furnished. Several Steamers 
 call daily at Hotel Pier from Glasgow, ete. Coaches in connection with Inveraray, 
 Dalmally, and Oban during the season. ’Bus meets arrival of all Loch Lomond Steamers 
 at Tarbet Pier. Families, Tourists, and Artists will find this Hotel an excellent marine 
 residence anda convenient centre for touring to the Trossachs and Western Highlands. 
 
 Good Sea-Fishing and Boating. Posting. Charges Moderate. 
 P. STALKER, Lessee. 
 
 ARMFIELD’S 
 SOUTH PLACE HOTEL, 
 
 FINSBURY, LONDON, E.C 
 
 ie Unsurpassed for its Central Position and Easy Access from all parts of 
 the Kingdom and Metropolis. With a high reputation for over thirty 
 years. It has been recently enlarged, decorated, and refurnished, and 
 now affords increased efficiency with modern comforts at a moderate tariff, 
 as a First-class Temperance Hotel. 
 
 The Apartments, which are. cheerful and comfortably furnished, con- 
 sist of Coffee, Commercial, and Private Sitting Rooms, with about Seventy 
 well-appointed and Airy Bedrooms. Ladies’ Drawing Room select. 
 
 Well-ventilated Smoking and Billiard Rooms, . for the use of Visitor 8, 
 furnished by Burroughes & Watts. 
 Telephone 140.. A Night Porter. ‘Telegraph Armfield’s, London. 
 Terms, &c., per return of post on application to the Proprietors, — 
 JOSEPH ARMFIELD & SON. 
 
 Three minutes’ walk from Broad Street, Liverpool Street, and 
 Moorgate Stations. 
 
 = 
 
 LONDON. 
 
 RESIDENTIAL CLUB—THRALE HALL, 
 
 STREATHAM, S.W., 
 
 LOXon'’s ‘healthiest suburb, with purest, bracing, yet balmy, air. Board and 
 
 residence with comfort and elegance on very moderate terms by the day or week. 
 Noble* Reception,’ Reading, Smoking, Billiard,’ and Recreation Rooms. Corridors 
 warmed in winter. 
 
 Hotel ni Chea 7.45 till 10 a.m. Hot Luncheon, 1 p.m. Tea, 4.30,.and unequalled 
 “Table @ Hote” (6 or 7 courses).at.? p.m. 
 
 Enjoyable Entertainments, Frequent Dances, and Asphalte Tennis Court. 
 
60 LONDON. 
 
 a N. _ 
 HOTELS, ge Turkish Baths, 
 
 LONDON & FAULKNER'S Newgate St. 
 BRIGHTON. 7 QNDON ESTABLISHMENTS, | & Hastings. 
 
 CITY CENTRAL HOTEL, NEWGATE ST., anp PANYER ALLEY. 
 FAULENER’S HOTEL, VILLIERS ST., STRAND. 
 GARDEN HOTEL, MIDDLE ST., BRIGHTON LARGE GARDEN 
 (50 Yards from the Sea). 
 HOME COMFORTS AND MODERATE CGHARGES. 
 
 Tariff on application at 50 Newgate Street and at any Branch in London or Country. 
 
 HATIR-CUTTING SALOONS, 
 
 THE MOST COMPLETE IN LONDON. 
 
 BATHS (ALL KINDS), LAVATORIES, AND DRESSING-ROOMS. 
 HOSIERY, AND GENERAL OUTFITTING. 
 
 Hats, Brushes, Cutlery, Bags, Perfumery, etc., etc. 
 
 50 Newgate St., and 8, 4, and 5 Panyer Alley, E.C.; 26 and 27 Villiers St., alongside 
 Charing Cross Station ; White Rock, Hastings, Little Bridge St., Ludgate Hill; Fen- 
 church St. Railway Station ; The Colonnade, Ramsgate Sands; National Rifle Associa- 
 tion, Wimbledon ; and at *Liverpool St. Station, G. E. Railway; *Broad St. Station, 
 N. L. Railway; *Waterloo Station, L. and §. W. Railway; St. Pancras, and all Prin- 
 cipal Stations on the Midland and North Staffordshire Railways. * No baths at these. 
 
 DEVONSHIRE HOUSE HOTEL, 
 
 12 BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHOUT, LONDON, E.C, 
 H. G. CHALKLEY, Proprietor. T, H. CHALKLEY, Manager, 
 A First-Class Temperance Hotel. 
 
 VISITORS to London will find this one of the most central positions from which, 
 
 whether by Rail, Omnibus, or Tram, they can reach all parts. The Hotel is fitted 
 with every modern improvement. The Public Rooms and Private Sitting Rooms are 
 handsomely furnished, and the Bedrooms will be found most comfortable. Every 
 attention paid to Visitors. Reduced Charges are made during the Winter Months, and 
 liberal arrangements made with those staying a lengthened period. 
 
 A Porter is in attendance all night. 
 
 For Tariff of Charges apply to the Manager.—Telegraphie Address, 
 ‘* Exterior, London.” 
 
 VISITORS TO LONDON. 
 
 TRANTER’S TEMPERANCE HOTEL, 
 
 7, 8, 9 BRIDGEWATER SQUARE, BARBICAN, LONDON, E.C. 
 
 MOST CENTRAL FOR BUSINESS OR PLEASURE, 
 Close to Aldersgate Street, Metropolitan Railway Station, and near St. Paul’s 
 Cathedral and General Post Office. 
 Homelike, Highly Respectable, and Quiet. Clean and well Ventilated Bedrooms, 
 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. Breakfast or Tea from ls. to 1s.9d. NO charge for attendance. 
 HOT AND COLD BATHS. ESTABLISHED 1859. 
 Private, Family, and Commercial, Recently Enlarged. 
 VisITORS’ GUIDE TO LoNDON, Regd.—What to see, and How to see it in a Week ; and 
 Tariff Card free on application to G. T. 8. TRANTER, Proprietor. 
 
LONDON. 61 
 
 JEWELLERS AND SILVERSMITHS, 
 
 COVENTRY STREET, LONDON. 
 
 N.B.-—WEDDING, BIRTHDAY, 
 AND COMPLIMENTARY PRESENTS, 
 
 S. FISHER, eas eaELATD, 
 
 THE | THE 
 PERFECT ley S HERO) ei PERFECT 
 EMPTY Pee ARS TOS abl | (F FITTeD 
 
 BAG. eles bi BAG, 
 
 AND THE BEST BAG EVER INVENTED FOR 
 
 CONTINENTAL TRAVELLING. 
 LIGHT, STRONG, SECURE. 
 Catalogues Post Free. 
 
62 LONDON——LONDONDERRY., 
 
 THE SARACEN’S HEAD HOTEL, 
 
 SNOW HILL, HOLBORN VIADUCT, LONDON, E.C. 
 Opposite the Snow Hill Station of the L. C. & D. hiailway. 
 FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL. 
 
 Omnibus and Railway communication with all parts of London immediately avail- 
 able. One of the most conveniently situated Hotels in the City. 
 
 M. H. WOODHILL, sponta 
 Telegraphic Address—“ WOODHILL, LONDON.” | 
 Her MAJEsty 
 
 AND 
 I. R. H. Tur PRINCE OF WALES 
 
 By 
 SPECIAL. APPOINTMENT 
 TO 
 
 TURKEY, PERSIAN, & INDIAN 
 CARPETS. 
 IMPORTED BY THOS. BONTOR & CO., LATE 
 
 WATSON, BONTOR, & COMPANY, 
 Carpet Manufacturers to the Royal Family, 
 35 & 36 OLD BOND STREET, LONDON, W. 
 
 EXHIBITION MEDALS, 1851, 1862; DUBLIN, 1865; AND 
 AMSTERDAM, 1888. 
 
 - Superior Brussels, Velvet, Saxony, and all other Carpets 
 in the Newest. Designs. 
 
 JURY'S HOTEL, LONDONDERRY. 
 
 OURISTS, Families, and Commercial Gentlemen visiting the North of 
 Ireland will find the above Hotel replete inte every accommodation, 
 combined with moderate charges. 
 A NIGHT PORTER ALWAYS” IN ATTENDANCE, 
 Posting in all its Branches. 
 Omnibuses attend the arrival and departure of all Trains and Steamers. 
 GEORGE J. JURY, Proprietor. 
 
‘LYNTON——MALVERN. iA? 63 
 
 LYNTON, NORTH DEVON. 
 THE ROYAL CASTLE FAMILY HOTEL. 
 
 Patronised by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales and other M embers of the Royal Family. 
 The finest sea and land views in the world, 
 
 pais Hotel, standing in its own ornamental grounds of about 12 acres, 500 feet 
 
 above the level of the sea, overlooking the Bristol Channel, commands uninter- 
 rupted views of the Valleys of the Bast and West Lynn, Lynn Cliff, Brendon and 
 Countisbury Hills, The Tors, the Village of Lynmouth, the Foreland, the Welsh Coast, 
 and the far-famed Valley of Rocks. Having been under the management of the present 
 Proprietor nearly 50 years, the Hotel has been recently and extensively enlarged to meet 
 the requirements of modern society, and combines the comforts of a private house with 
 the conveniences of a first-class Hotel. Elegant Suites of Private Apartments, New 
 and commodious Table d’Hdte, Coffee Room; and Ladies’ Drawing Room, facing the 
 sea. Excellent Cuisine. Moderate Charges. In connection with this Hotel, and in 
 the same delightful grounds, is a PRIVATE HOTEL and BOARDING HOUSE, which 
 offers excellent accommodation for Families: visiting this charming neighbourhood. New 
 and convenient Stables: 
 
 Post Horses and Carriages of every description. 
 Coaches in the Season to I Yfracombe, Minehead, and Barnstaple. 
 THOMAS BAKER, Proprietor. 
 FIRST-CLASS EXMOOR PONIES FOR SALE. 
 
 LYNTON, NORTH DEVON. 
 THE VALLEY OF ROCKS HOTEL 
 “| Naa (ESTABLISHED 1800). 
 
 In every respect First-Class and Complete. 
 ELIGHTFULLY situated in extensive ornamental Grounds 500 feet above the level 
 of the Sea, with a full view of it, also the Foreland, the Torrs, the valleys of the 
 Lynns, &c. &c. Elegant Suites of Apartments, also Spacious Table d’ Hote and Coffee 
 Rooms, Reading Rooms, and.Ladies’ Drawing Room. The most modern conveniences 
 to secure home comforts, good fare, and prompt attention. Handsomely- fitted Billiard 
 Room open during the Season for Residents in the Hotel only. 
 
 ee MODERATE. PTARIFF FORWARDED ON APPLICATION. 
 , Post Horses and Carriages. 
 JOHN CROOK, Promeeeos 
 
 MALVERN. 
 THH ABBHY HOTEL, 
 
 IN EXCELLENT SITUATION. 
 MOST COMFORTABLE FAMILY HOTEL. 
 
 Coffee-Room, Reading-Room, and Drawing-Room for Ladies and 
 . Gentlemen. ry 
 Table @ Hote duaing the Season. 
 L. ARCHER, Proprietor. ~~ ' Miss SCHNEIDER, Manager. 
 
64 MALVERN——-MANCHESTER——MATLOCK BATH. 
 
 MALVERN. 
 
 THE FOLEY ARMS HOTEL 
 
 (Patronised by the Royal Family). 
 HE first a we visited. Malvern, when shown into an upper 
 chamber in the ‘Foury ARMs,’ we were literally taken aback. 
 We can hardly say more than that the prospect struck us as far finer than 
 from the terrace over the Thames at Richmond, etc., etc.” —Latract from 
 article in ‘* Blackwood,” August 1884. 
 Coffee-Room and Drawing-Room for Ladies and Gentlemen. 
 EDWARD ARCHER, Proprietor. Miss YOUNGER, Manager. 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 GRAND HOTEL 
 
 COMPANY OF MANCHESTER, LIMITED. 
 
 AYTOUN STREET. PORTLAND STREET. 
 
 The Best Hotel in the City. Every modern convenience. Lift. 
 First-Class Cuisine and Cellar. 
 
 F¥. MOERSCHELL, Manager. 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 KNOWSLEY HOTEL, 
 
 CHEETHAM HILL ROAD 
 
 (Only a few Minutes’ walk from Victoria Railway Station), 
 WiLL be found to possess all home comforts, and the Finest Wines, 
 Oldest Spirits, and Brightest Beer, all at most moderate charges. 
 Parties staying a lengthened Period may make Special Terms. 
 Omnibuses to all parts of the City pass the door every few minutes. 
 
 R. KNOX, Manager 
 
 MATLOCK BATH. 
 
 THE ROYAL HOTEL 
 
 (LATH OLD BATH). 
 
 VISITORS to this fA County should make Matlock Bath their Headquarters. 
 Delightful walks and drives to all places of interest. , Central and charming. _ This 
 Hotel adjoins the pavilion and gardens. Newly furnished and fitted with all modern 
 improvements. Table d’hote. Lawn Tennis, Billiards, Fishing, Large Tepid Swimming 
 Bath, free of charge. 
 Omnibus meets all Trains. 
 
 Tarif on application to J. A, HINTON, late of Castle Manz, Isle of Man. 
 
MATHOCK——MELROSE. 65 
 
 MATLOCK BATH, DERBYSHIRE. 
 PFY_A DLS : 
 
 TYACK’S NEW BATH HOTEL, 
 Recently enlarged and newly furnished, adjoining the Pavilion 
 Grounds, «It affords every comfort and convenience of a first-class 
 modern Hotel, and has Pleasure. Grounds extending to 9 acres, 
 commanding some of the finest views of Derbyshire. It has been 
 long patronised by -the best English and American Families. 
 Private Sitting Rooms, Drawing Room, Smoke, and Billiard Rooms 
 
 A large Swimming Bath, Hot and Cold Baths. Lawn Tennis, 
 Fishing. Balls weekly during the Season. Posting, Stabling. 
 
 ’'BUS MEETS EACH TRAIN. 
 Terms Strictly Moderate, for which apply to the Proprietor, 
 T. TYACK. 
 
 Places of interest. within easy reach daily by Rail or Coach :— 
 Buxton, Chatsworth,.Haddon. Hall,-Castleton, Dovedale, Wingfield 
 Manor, Hardwick Hall. 
 
 MELROSE. 
 
 WAVERLEY HYDROPATHIC. 
 
 ONE hour from Edinburgh, one and a half from Carlisle. Terms from 
 £2:2s. per week. Summer, from £2:9s. Billiards, Bowling, Lawn 
 Tennis, Trout Fishing in Tweed included. . First-class Table. 
 
 For Prospectus apply tothe Manager, 
 
 MELROSE. 4 
 
 THE ABBEY HOTEL, ABBEY GATE, 
 
 AND 
 
 GEORGE AND ABBOTSFORD HOTEL, 
 ae - HIGH STREET, MELROSE. ° 
 RE only first-class Hotels in Melrose, both overlooking the ruins, and only 2 minutes’ 
 
 walk from the Railway Station. ‘The Hotel ’Buses;attend all Trains. First-class 
 Horses and Carriages for Abbotsford, Dryburgh, etc., can be had at both establish- 
 
 ments. | 
 G. HAMILTON, Proprietor. 
 K 
 
66 MOFFAT——-MON MOUTH. 
 MOFFAT SPA. : 
 
 ANNANDALE ARMS HOTHL, 
 
 r OURISTS and Visitors to this famous Watering-Place will find at the ANNANDALE 
 
 Arms first-class accommodation, combined with Moderate Charges. Commercial 
 Gentlemen will find every attention to their convenience and interests. "Buses meet 
 the Trains at Moffat Station. A Summer Excursion Omnibus runs along the route, 
 passing ‘‘ Craigieburn Wood,” Bodesbeck, Grey Mare’s Tail—to St. Mary’s Loch, every 
 Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, in connection with a Coach to Selkirk. 
 
 OMNIBUSES PLY TO THE WELL EVERY MORNING. 
 
 Carriages of all kinds. Job and Post Horses on Hire, 
 
 ROBERT NORRIS, Proprietor. 
 
 MONMOUTH. 
 VALLEY OF THE WYE. 
 
 THE KING’S HEAD HOTEL 
 AND POSTING HOUSE. 
 
 HIS old-established Hotel, situate in Agincourt 
 Square, the centre of the town, is replete with 
 every accommodation for Families and Tourists, at 
 Moderate Charges. 
 A SPACIOUS LADIES’ COFFEE ROOM, 
 AND A SUPERIOR BILLIARD ROOM. 
 An Omnibus meets every Train. 
 
 JOHN THOMAS, PRroprirror. 
 MONMOUTH. 
 
 OLD CURIOSITY SHOP, 
 
 AGINCOURT SQUARE, MONMOUTH. 
 Ciose to the King's Head Hotel and Beaufort Arms Hotel. 
 ANTIQUE PORCELAINS. 
 ANTIQUE PLATE. 
 
 arts ANTIQUE FURNITURE: 
 Collector.-HENRY 1. SIMMONDS. 
 
NAIRN—OBAN,. 67 
 
 NAIRN, 
 
 ROYAL MARINE HOTEL 
 
 (Fifteen miles South of Inverness). 
 Patronised by the Royal Family. 
 
 THE “BRIGHTON OF THE NORTH.” 
 FIRST-CLASS HOTEL for Families and Tourists at Moderate Rates. 
 The House was specially built for an Hotel, and has undergone a thor- 
 ough and extensive Repair, and is newly and elegantly Furnished in the most 
 modern style, and contains numerous Suites of Private Rooms, including 
 Ladies’ and Gentlemen’s Dining Saloon, with Drawing Room; also Smoking 
 Room, Billiard Room, &e. Over 70 Beds can be made up. 
 
 ‘The Climate of Nairn is well known to be the best in Scotland, and is 
 becoming yearly more and more a favourite resort of the Upper Classes and 
 Tourists from all parts of the Kingdom, It is also in high repute with the 
 leading Physicians of the country, who invariably recommend their patients in 
 increasing numbers tosecure the benefits of the dry and bracing air of the district. 
 
 Superior Hor and Corp SaLtt Water Batus in the Hotel, supplied by . 
 a powerful Steam Engine direct from the sea. 
 
 An Omnibus awaits the arrival of all trains. Posting in all its branches 
 will be done in first-class style, and will be carefully attended to. 
 
 JOHN MACDONALD, Proprietor 
 (Late Lessee of the Station Hotel, Inverness). 
 
 COLUMBA HOTEL 
 
 ON THE ESPLANADE. 
 FIRSY CLASS: 
 
 NEAREST THE STEAMBOAT PIER, 
 AND ONLY 
 -THREE MINUTES’ WALK FROM 
 RAILWAY STATION. 
 BUS NOT REQUIRED. 
 | D. G. MACMILLAN, Lessee. 
 
OBAN. 
 
 THE ALEXANDRA 
 
 FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, 
 ON THE ESPLANADE, OBAN. 
 
 Stands within its own Grounds, and commands the Finest 
 
 View in Oban, 
 
 NEW BILLIARD ROOM. ’BUS FREE OF GHARGE. 
 L. G. MSARTHUR, Proprietor, 
 
OBAN. 
 
 a 
 
 OBAN 
 
 THE STATION HOTEL 
 
 ON 
 
 AILWAY STATI 
 AND PIER 
 
 NEAREST R 
 
 VIEWS UNSURPASSED 
 
 1etria 
 
 a. 
 
 Propi 
 
 ELL, 
 
 1 
 } 
 
 JAMPB 
 
 1 
 4e 
 
 C 
 
70 OBAN. 
 OBAN, 
 
 KINGS ARMS HOTEL 
 
 HAS a commanding sea view; is adjacent to the railway station and 
 steamboat wharf; and possesses home comforts, combined with 
 “noderate charges. 
 
 LADIES’ DRAWING Room. BILLIARD, SMOKING, and BATH Rooms, 
 Parties boarded on moderate terms. 
 Tariff on application. Table d Hote daily. 
 3oots waits the arrival of Trains and Steamers. Boat kept for fishing. 
 ALEX. M‘TAVISH, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 OBAN. i 
 ANGUS’S 
 
 IMPERIAL HOTEL. 
 
 Immediately opposite the Steamboat Pier. 
 
 OBAN. 
 
 BLACK’S ARGYLL HOTEL 
 
 (Under New Management.) 
 
 SITUATED ON THE ESPLANADE CLOSE TO THE STEAMBOAT PIER. 
 CHARGES STRICTLY MODERATE. 
 
 D, MACDONALD 
 (Late of the Alexandra Hotel), Proprietor. 
 
 OBAN, : 
 
 SUTHERLAND'S GREAT WESTERN HOTEL. 
 
 LARGEST AND LEADING HOTEL IN THE 
 WEST HIGHLANDS. 
 
 An Omnibus attends the arrival and departure of Trains and Steamers. 
 
 Visitors conveyed to and from the Hotel free of Charge, 
 
OBAN——OXFORD. 71 
 
 OBAN. 
 
 VICTORIA HOTEL, 
 
 FIRStT-CLAss TEMPERANCE—THE ONLY HIGH-CLASS IN CLOSE 
 PROXIMITY TO RAILWAY STATION, PreR, AND Post OFFICE. 
 
 Bedrooms 1s. 6d. and 2s, Teas and Breakfasts 1s. 6d. and 2s, 
 Dinners, & la carte, 2s. 9d. 
 
 Registered telegraphic address, ‘‘ MACLACHLAN ” Oban. 
 
 OXFORD, 
 
 RANDOLPH HOTEL, 
 
 IN THE CENTRE OF THE CITY, 
 
 (HE only modern built Hotel in Oxford, close to the Colleges and 
 Public Buildings, and commanding a fine open view down 
 Beaumont Street, St. Giles’s Street, and Magdalen Street, opposite 
 
 THe Martyrs’ MeEmMoriAL, 
 
 Tandsome Suites of Apartments. Drawing Room, Billiard Rooms, and 
 every modern comfort and convenience, 
 Excellent Wines imported direct from abroad. , 
 
 CHARGES MODERATE. 
 GOOD STABLING AND LOOSE BOXES. 
 
 Visitors at this Hotel will meet with every attention and 
 consideration. 
 
 ADDRESS—THE MANAGER. 
 
 - OXFORD. 
 
 THE CLARENDON HOTEL. 
 
 ATRONISED by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.R.H. Prince: Leopold, Their 
 Imperial Majesties: The Emperor:and, Empress of Brazil, The Princess Frederick 
 Charles of Prussia, and Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte. 
 
 Situate in the most central part of the city, near the principal Colleges and places 
 of interest to Visitors. Families and Gentlemen will find the Hotel replete with every 
 comfort. SPACIOUS COFFEE AND BILLIARD ROOMS. 
 
 PRIVATE SITTING AND BEDROOMS (en suite). LADIES’ CorFEE Room. 
 Guides always in Attendance. ' Fashionable Open and Close Carriages, 
 Job and Post Horses. Good Stabling and commodious Coach Houses. 
 
 ' JOHN F. ATTWOOD, Proprietor. 
 
72 OXFORD (PENSARN, s¢é p. 73) PENZANCE. 
 OXFORD. ' 
 THE MITRE HOTEL, 
 Situated in the centre of the finest Street in 
 
 Europe, is one of the most ECONOMICAL First- 
 
 Class Hotels in the Kingdom. 
 
 QUEEN? S HOTEL 
 
 ON THE ESPLANADE.: 
 
 HIS Hotel has a frontage of over 170 feet, all the rooms of which” Bvatlook the sea. 
 It is the principal and largest in Penzance. For Families, Ladies, and Gentlemen 
 only. Penzance stands unrivalled for the variety and quiet beauty of its scenery, whilst 
 the mildness of its climate is admirably adapted to invalids... Apartments en ‘swite. 
 Ladies’ Drawing, Reading, and Coffee Rooms, Billiard and Smoking’ Rooms, = and 
 Cold Baths. Table d@’ Hote. 
 
 An Omnibus meets every Train 
 POSTING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, 
 
 ALEX. H. HORA, Proprietor. 
 
RTH. 3 
 PENZANCE. 
 
 MOUNT’S BAY HOTEL, 
 ON THE ESPLANADE. 
 
 HIS old-established Hotel commands a better view of Mount’s Bay than: any other 
 Hotel in Penzance, as all the windows in the front and at side have an 
 
 Uninterrupted and unsurpassed View of all the Bay and St. Michael’s Mount. 
 THE HOTEL 1s HEATED WITH Hor Water. Hor AnD Cotp BATHS. 
 Choice Wines, etc. Post Horses and Carriages. 
 
 TABLE D’HOTE. PORTER MEETS EACH TRAIN. CHARGES MODERATE. 
 Terms and View on Application. 
 
 MRS. LAVIN, Proprietress. 
 ~ PENSARN. 
 
 CAMBRIAN HOTEL, 
 
 ABERGELE, 
 
 Close to the Railway Station, Beach, and Lawn Tennis Grounds. 
 It is conveniently situated for the daily Welsh Circular Tours. 
 ROBERT HUMPHREYS, Proprietor. 
 A os Ry lye er a B S. 
 
 PERTH. 
 
 HENRY’S QUEEN’S HOTEL 
 
 Opposite the General Railway Station. 
 (OVER THE BRIDGE.) 
 
 THAT IS THE HOUSE TO GO TO. 
 
 PERTH. 
 
 POPLE’S ROYAL BRITISH HOTEL 
 (Opposite the General Station). 
 
 Patronised by their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, 
 ' Prince and Princess Christian, Duke of Connaught, and other Members 
 of the Royal Family, and the leading Nobility of the Kingdom. 
 
 4 edt Family Hotel has long stood pre-eminent ; and the Proprietor 
 would remark that the same care and unremitting attention, which 
 
 are universally acknowledged by all who have patronised him, it will be 
 
 his constant study to continue. Telegraphic Address—Por.E, PERTH. 
 
74 | PERTH—PLYMOUTH—PORT BANNATYNE—PITLOCHRIE, 
 PERTH. 
 
 SALUTATION HOTEL. 
 
 T this old-established and well-known Hotel (under new management) 
 
 Tourists, Commercial Gentlemen, and Families will find comfort 
 
 and attention, combined with strictly moderate charges. Special terms 
 for Cyclists. 
 
 BILLIARD. ROOM..WITH. FIRST. CLASS TABLES. 
 (|. . HOTEL BUS AWAITS THE ARRIVAL OF TRAINS, 
 
 Orders by Letter or Telegram receive prompt attention. 
 W. CARGILL, Proprietor. 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 GRAND HOTEL. 
 
 (ON THE HOE.) 
 THE ONLY HOTEL WITH SEA VIEW. 
 Facing Sound, Breakwater, Eddystone. — 
 MAIL STHEAMERS ANCHOR IN SIGHT. 
 Public Rooms and Sitting Rooms, with Balconies. 
 JAMES BOHN, Proprietor. 
 
 KYLES OF BUTE HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT, 
 PORT BANNATYNE, BUTE, N.B. 
 
 NRIVALLED as a Marine Residence. ~ Situated 200 feet above the level of the Sea, 
 commanding magnificent view of Loch Striven and the entrance to the Far Famed 
 Kyles of Bute, Sheltered Walks within Policies. Every Home Comfort. Unsur- 
 passed Salt, Fresh Water, and Turkish Baths. Climate during Winter free from fogs, 
 and as mild as the South of England and Channel Islands. 
 Consulting Physician.—Dr. ANDREW J, HALL. 
 
 Lady Superintendent.—Miss MALCOLM. 
 Terms on Application, 
 
 ATHOLE HYDROPATHIC. 
 
 PITLOCHRI4AB, PERTHSHIRE. 
 
 MN\HIS Palatial Establishment, after extensive alterations, extension’ of 
 ‘Tennis Courts, &e., will be reopened. for the. reception of, Visitors 
 on the 19th May, Yo 
 UNDER THE PERSONAL SUPERVISION OF THE {7} 
 Proprietor, W. MACDONALD, Royal Refreshment oe is be 
 Perth Station, 
 WHO WILL FORWARD PROSPECTUSES ON APPLICATION, 
 
ea 
 1 
 
 © PITLOCHRIE. 
 
 7g 13 i ER: 5 hi HOTEL 
 
 AND 
 
 POSTING ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 ARTIES wishing to see the magnificent Scenery in this part of the 
 Scottish Highlands will find this Hotel (to which large additions have 
 been made) most convenient, for in One Drive they can visit the 
 
 Falls of Tummel, the Queen’s View of Loch Tummel; 
 The Far-Famed Pass of Killiecrankie ; 
 Glen Tilt; The Falls of Bruar, &c. 
 
 Pitlochrie is on the direct route to Balmoral Castle, by Spital of Glen- 
 shee and Braemar; and to Taymouth Castle and Kinloch-Rannoch, by 
 Tummel Bridge. 
 
 Salmon and Trout Fishing on the Rivers Tummel and Garry, and on the 
 Lochs in the neighbourhood. 
 
 ; XCURSION COACHES ; 
 leave the Hotel daily during the summer season for Pass of Killiecrankie, 
 
 Falls of Bruar, Queen’s View on ‘Loch Tummel, Kinloch-Rannoch, Glen 
 Tilt, &c. Seats secured at the Hotel. Fares moderate. 
 Job and Post Horses and Carriages of every kind, 
 By the Day, Week, or Month, 
 ORDERS BY TELEGRAPH FOR ROOMS, CARRIAGES, OR COACH SEATS, 
 PUNCTUALLY ATTENDED TO. 
 
PLYMOUTH. 
 
 76 
 
 THE ROYAL HOTEL, PLYMOUTH 
 
 "ULSI A{-YJNOY PUD UOPUOT PUD Ula}S8d Af -JDALD 
 —'eu “ynowh) | 0) punjbury fo yjiony ay, pun uopuory wort hoapny fo sary ony 
 
 SPACIOUS GENERAL COFFEE ROOM. 
 
 RETIRING ROOM 
 
 FOR. LADIES. 
 Good Smoking Room for Gentlemen staying in the , Hotel. 
 
 S. PEARSE, Proprizror, 
 
PRESTON—RHYL—RIPON——ROTHESAY. 717 
 
 PRESTON, LANCASHIRE. 
 Half-way between London and Edinburgh, and London and Glasgow. 
 
 THE VICTORIA AND STATION HOTEL. 
 
 Close to the Railway Station. Established 50 Years. 
 Night Porter. Charges Reasonable. 
 
 GOOD STABLING AND COACH-HOUSES. 
 MISS BILLINGTON, Proprietress. 
 
 RHYL—NORTH WALES. 
 
 WESTMINSTER HOTEL. 
 
 FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, FACING THE SEA. 
 
 RIPON, FOUNTAINS ABBEY. 
 
 UNICORN HOTEL AND POSTING HOUSE. 
 ~~ Parrontsep By H.R.H. PRINCE or WALES. 
 
 NE of the Oldest Established Hotels in the North of England, and 
 the principal in Ripon. To meet requirements it has been lately 
 nuch enlarged and improved. 
 
 | Orders by Post punctually attended to. 
 R.. E, COLLINSON, Wine anp Spirit Mercuant, Proprietor. 
 
 ROTHESAY, ISLE OF BUTE. 
 ~ (Opposite the Prer.) 
 
 [HE BUTE ARMS HOTEL. 
 
 (UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT.) 
 HIS Old-Established ‘and: First-Class Hotel affords excellent accom- 
 modation for Families, Tourists, and Commercial Gentlemen. 
 Charges Strictly Moderate. 
 PARTIES BOARDED BY THE WEEK OR MONTH. 
 
 ROBERT SMITH, Proprietor. 
 
78 ROTHESAY (ST, FILLANS, see p. 55). 
 ROT AAS ye 
 
 QUEEN'S ess HOTEL, 
 
 Established over Twenty-one Y Cars. 
 Five Minutes’. Walk from the Quay. On the Esplanade. 
 
 MEP. D. M‘PHERSON (for 29 years Lessee of the Argyll Arms Hotel, Inver- 
 
 aray) begs to announce that he has just succeeded to this OLD- -HsTBLISHED 
 and. First- Crass FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL HOTEL, which comprises magniti- 
 cent Dining Saloon (one of the finest in Scotland), Ladies’ Drawing Room, 
 elegant Sitting Rooms, Smoking and Billiard Rooms, Bath Rooms, and over 
 FORTY Bedrooms—all furnished in the most modern style. 
 
 Tourists would find the QUEEN’s HoTEL a most suitable and convenient 
 resort for breaking their journey, either going North or South. 
 
 Several Pleasure Excursions can be had from Rothesay at convenient hours 
 every forenoon by ‘Columba,’ ‘ Lord of the Isles,’ ‘Ivanhoe,’ ‘Gael,’ ‘ Bonnie 
 Doon,’ ‘Sultana,’ and other Steamers, for Arran, Cumbrae, Campbeltown, 
 Inveraray, Ardrishaig, Ayr, Arrochar (Loch Lomond), and other places on the 
 Firth of Clyde ; returning to Rothesay in the afternoon. <A variety of beauti- 
 ful Drives can also be had to various places of interest in the Island. 
 
 TABLE D’HOreE ar 6.30. BEAUTIFUL GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS. 
 Letters and Telegrams. Punctually Attended to. 
 PART i TES BOARDED BY THE WEEK OR MONTH. 
 
 ROTHESAY, BUTE, 
 
 GLENBURN HYDROPATHIC, 
 
 ELIGHTFUL _ Residence, 
 Climate mild, Protected. 
 from East Winds, 
 
 ’ Newly added—An additional 
 Drawing-Room, with a Southern 
 aspect, overlooking the Flower 
 Garden, with over 20 new Bed- 
 
 awit 
 
 ane Ay RNAI: rooms and Nursery for Children. 
 
 oh Large Handsome Recreation 
 
 esi itn in ny A i Hall, Music and Billiard Room, 
 = _ oe :, Lawn and Ash Tennis Court, 
 
 Bowling, Boating, ete., etc. 
 
 ~The Baths—Purkish, Vapour, 
 Salt} Russian, Medicated, Elec- 
 tric and Swimming—finest in 
 Britain. : 
 
 . PHILP, Resident Physician. 
 
 Under the Direction of Mr, PHILP, Proprietor of the Cockburn Hotels, 
 Edinburgh and Glasgow. 
 
SALISBURY—SCARBOROUGH. 79 
 
 SATS AURY. 
 
 THE WHITE HART HOTEL. 
 
 The Largest and Principal Hotel in the City. 
 
 AX old-established and. well-known first-class. Family Hotel, 
 
 nearly opposite Salisbury, Cathedral, and within a pleasant 
 drive of Stonehenge. This Hotel is acknowledged to be one of 
 the most comfortable in England. ‘Table d@Héte at separate 
 Tables from 6.30 to 8.30 p.m, daily. 
 
 A Ladies’ Coffee Room, a Coffee Room for Gentlemen, and 
 first-class Billiard and Smoking Rooms. 
 
 Carriages and Horses of every description for Stonehenge 
 and other places of interest. Excellent Stabling. Loose 
 
 Boxes, ete. Posting-Masters to Her Majesty. : 
 Tariff on application to H. T. BOWES, Manager. 
 SCARBOROUGH. 
 
 THE ALEXANDRA HOTEL 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1864. 
 
 FIRST-CLASS HOTEL—Detached—-On the Cliff, with unrivalled 
 Sea Views, and commanding most extensive and picturesque views 
 of the surrounding country. Elegant Private Apartments. The Cuisine 
 superior, and the Wines carefully selected, but visitors can use their own 
 
 without extra charge. . 
 
 cA Led tied oa Rae dt BS 
 A la Carte; or, Board and Attendance in-Public Room, including bed, 
 10s. per day. Per week, £3:3:0. 
 
 Private Apartments, from two to six guineas per week, and Board and 
 Attendance from 10s. 6deper day, or £3210 10 per week 
 Repucep TARIFF TO THE END OF THE) FIRST, WEEK IN AUGUST. 
 Board dnd Attendance, in public rooms, per week, £2 : 1216. 
 
 Per day, 9s. and no charge for beds. ; 
 be tariff, and particular on application to. 
 MISS CHANDLER, Manager. 
 
80 SKIPTON——SK YE—SOUTHPORT—STIRLING. 
 SKIPTON. 
 
 THE DEVONSHIRE HOTEL. 
 
 AN old-established First-class Family and Commercial Hotel, in the centre of the 
 ‘\ Town. Parties visiting ‘‘ Botton ApsBey” will find this "Hotel within.an easy 
 distance ;~with comfort, superior accommodation, and moderate charges combined. 
 
 Conveyances of all kinds on hire. 
 Billiards and Bowling Green. 
 AN HOTEL OMNIBUS MEETS THE TRAINS. 
 MRS. EDMUND WRIGLEY, Proprictress. 
 
 SKYE. 
 
 SLIGACHAN HOTEL, 
 
 Nearest House to Loch Corwisk. 
 digests | ULLY situated at the foot of the Coolin Hills. Parties 
 living in the Hotel have the Privilege of good Sea-trout fishing on 
 the river Sligachan; also good Loch and Sea fishing. Boats: free; of 
 charge. Boatmen, 4s, per day. Parties landing at Coruisk can have 
 ponies or guides sent to meet them at Camasunary, or the Hill above 
 
 Coruisk,. by sending letter or telegram the day previous. 
 POSTING. WM. SHARP, Lessee. 
 
 SOUTHPORT. 
 PRINCE OF WALES HOTEL. 
 FOR FAMILIES AND GENTLEMEN. — 
 
 ELEGANTLY APPOINTED. STRICTLY MODERATE CHARGES 
 BOARDING ARRANGEMENTS. 
 
 C. O. WILKINSON, Manager. 
 
 STIRLING. 
 
 ROYAL HOTEL. 
 
 dpe old-established First-Class Hotel is conveniently: situated «for 
 Families, Tourists, and Commercial Gentlemen, being within three 
 minutes’ walk of the "Railway Station. Carriages of every description 
 kept at the Hotel. Omnibus awaits all Trains. 
 
 A. CAMPBELL, Proprietor. 
 
STRATHPEFFER. §1 
 THE 
 
 HIGHLAND SULPHUR SPA, 
 
 STRATHPEFFER, ROSS-SHIRE. 
 
 These Waters are among the strongest in Europe, and are 
 unrivalled in Great Britain in the treatment of 
 
 CHRONIC RHEUMATISM 
 DISEASES OF THE SKIN, 
 AND 
 
 AFFECTIONS OF THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS. 
 
 superior Effervescing Chalybeate Spring, 
 UNIQUE IN THIS COUNTRY. 
 
 SULPHUR BATHS AND DOUCHES HEATED ON THE MOST APPROVED SYSTEM, 
 RXTENSIVE IMPROVEMENTS AND ALTERATIONS EFFECTED SINCE LAST SEASON, 
 SPLENDID PAVILION FOR BALLS, CONCERTS, ETC. 
 
 Resident Physician—Dr. FORTESCUE FOX, from London Hospital. 
 
 See Late Dr. MANSON’S Book, 5th Edition. 
 
 IMPROVED DRAINAGE AND WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 STRATHPEFFER, 
 
 DEN WYVIS HOTEL: 
 
 Two Minutes walk from Railway Station and 
 
 MINERAL WELLS AND BATHS, 
 
 CONTAINS SPLENDID NEW DRAWING AND DINING ROOMS, 
 
 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE APARTMENTS 
 (En Suite), 
 
 BILLIARD AND RECREATION ROOMS, 
 BOWLING AND TENNIS GREENS, 
 
 Amidst Scenery Unsurpassed in Scotland. 
 NEAR POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICES. 
 
 POSTING. "APPLY THE MANAGER. 
 F 
 
Ah STRATHPEFFER. 
 
 STRATHPEFFER. 
 
 SPA HOTEL. 
 
 HIS Old Established Hotel occupies one of the best situations 
 
 in Strathpeffer, now considered the most popular Health 
 
 Resort in the Country, within 5 minutes from the Spa noe Wells, 
 Payilion, Post-Office, ete, 
 
 It stands within its own Grounds, commands a hie: et fine 
 view of the beautiful scenery of the Strath, and is secluded enough 
 to ensure to visitors the privacy and quiet of an ordinary Country 
 Residence, 
 
 It has recently. been enlarged, and now contains BILTaRD aoc, 
 HanpsoME Drawine Room, and Spacious Dintne Hatt, ete. 
 The Grounps have been beautifully laid out with Sheltered Walks 
 and TENNIS Lawns, ete. 
 
 The Hotel is well-known as a First-Class home, is noted for the 
 Excellence of its CuistNe, and unrivalled for cleanliness and 
 comfort, 
 
 Omnibus and Boots attend all Trains. 
 
 Telephone communication between Hotel and 
 Strathpeffer Station. 
 
 VISITORS CONVEYED FREE OF CHARGE 
 TO AND FROM WELLS. 
 
 POSTING IN: ALL ITS BRANCHES. 
 
 Charges Strictly Moderate. 
 
 A. WALLACE, Proprietor. 
 
TARBERT (HARRIS). 83 
 
 TARBERT HOTEL, 
 
 ISLE OF HARRIS. 
 
 SALMON & SEA-TROUT FISHING FREE. SEA-FISHING. 
 ROBERT HORNSBY 
 
 Bes respectfully to call the attention of Tourists, Anglers, &c., to his 
 Hotel, where they will find every comfort and good sport. Parties 
 
 living in the Hotel can get good Salmon and Sea-trout Fishing, or they can 
 have Boats for Sea-Fishing. Various Lochs in connection with the Establish- 
 ment. Post Horses and Carriages are kept for hire. The scenery of Harris 
 is magnificent, including a view of St. Kilda, and the climate is extremely 
 healthy. 
 
 The Steamer DuNaRA CasTLE, from Glasgow, calls every week; and the 
 Steamer CLYDESDALE, also from Glasgow, every fortnight. 
 
 The Lochs of the Island. of Scalpa can be fished by residing at this Hotel, 
 and Excursions can be arranged to all the outlying Islands. 
 
 The Shootings of the Island of Scalpay, &c., also Seal Shooting, are 
 attached to the Hotel. 
 
 'Yachts supplied with Stores and Fresh Vegetables. 
 Reading Parties taken in by the Week or Month. 
 
84 TAYNUILT 
 
 TENBY—TINTERN, 
 
 TAYNUILT, 
 
 TAYNUILT HOTEL. 
 
 HIS Hotel is situated near Loch Etive, within two minutes’ 
 walk from the Taynuilt Station on the -Callander and Oban 
 Railway. Visitors have the privilege of Salmon and Trout Fishing 
 on the River Awe, 
 JAMES MURRAY, Proprietor. 
 
 Post Horses, Carriages, &c. 
 TENBY. 
 
 ROYAL GATE HOUSE HOTEL. 
 
 HIS well-known Hotel is replete with every comfort for the reception 
 
 of Families and Gentlemen, combined with moderate charges. The 
 situation cannot be surpassed, commanding most extensive sea-views. 
 Ladies’ Drawing Room, Private Sitting Rooms, Bath Room, &e. Billiards. 
 Excellent Stabling. 
 
 PENSION FOR FAMILIES AT REDUCED TERMS DURING WINTER SEASON. 
 Table d’Hote at 7 p.m. 
 
 MISS BRIGHT, Manageress. 
 TENBY, 
 
 THE COBOURG HOTEL. 
 
 UNRIVALLED POSITION. » FACING THE SEA, 
 
 Ladies’ Drawing Room, Private Sitting Rooms, Hot and Cold Bath 
 Rooms. Good Livery. Stables. Tariff--From Three Guineas per week. 
 Special Terms for Winter Season. Omnibus to all Trains, 
 
 JOHN B. HUGHES, Proprietor. 
 
 TINTERN. ABBEY, 
 
 BEAUFORT ARMS HOTEL, 
 TINTERN. 
 
 CHARMING First-Class Hotel, delightfully situated in its 
 own Grounds, directly facing the noble Ruins of the Abbey. 
 
 Carriages meet all Trains at Tintern Station. 
 
 EMMA G ARRETT, Propri etress { Beaufort Arms Hotel, TINTERN. 
 
 Beaufort Arms Hotel, CozEpstow 
 
TOBERMORY—TORQUAY. 85 
 
 TOBERMORY (ISLAND OF MULL), N.B. 
 WESTERN ISLES. HOTEL 
 
 (FIRST CLASS). 
 
 Use'of Boats for Fishing the famous Mishnish Lochs 
 and Frisa, free of charge. 
 
 Beautiful Spot for a Family Resort. 
 
 Families and Gentlemen Boarded from £2:5s. per week until July 
 ALBERT MUNZER. 
 
 TORQUAY. 
 
 THE WESTERN HOTEL. 
 
 ~ Personally Patronised by Members of the Royal Family. 
 
 Commanding 
 
 Situation—-free and open. 
 Winter Resort. 
 
 Equally suitable for a Summer as a 
 
 The nearest Hotel to the Railway Station, 
 Sands, and Bathing. i 
 
 Maghiticent views from every window.: Home Comforts. Excellent Cuisine and 
 Wines. Baths. Tennis Courts. Billiard Room. Coffee: and Public Drawing Rooms 
 Table d Hote. Telephone. ov Rooms, Tariff, &c., apply to the MANAGER. 
 
 THE TORQUAY 
 
 GRANVILLE MANSIONS BOARDING ESTABLISHMENT. AND. PENSION, 
 LATE THE HYDROPA THIC. 
 
 ruts’ ESTABLISHMENT is conducted with a view to give every home comfort that 
 
 Visitors may require. The situation is healthy, free from fogs, rarely any snow or 
 frost seen, Its altitude is 250 feet above; Torbay, over which there are very extensive 
 views, equal to, Italian Scenery. The Cuisine:is good, all provisions being: supplied 
 from the Home Farm, A spacious Billiard-Room and Reading-Room supplied with 
 daily papers. Saddle Horses. Boating and Fishing in deep sea if required, ' Torquay 
 and Neighbourhood in the months of April, May, June, September, October, are’siimply 
 delightful. The. Establishment, is patronised by the Medical Men of, Torquay and 
 District, and is under the careful supervision of a well qualified Lady and Gentleman 
 For prospectus apply to the Manager. W. BENNET DAW, Proprietor. 
 
86 TOTLAND BAY—TOTNES—TYNDRUM—TROSSACHS, 
 
 TOTLAND BAY, nrAr ALUM BAy AND FRESHWATER, IsLE oF WIGHT. 
 
 TOTLAND BAY HOTEL. 
 
 MAGNIFICENT SEA VIEWS. 
 
 (SOMFORT with Moderate Charges. Billiard Room. Bracing 
 
 air, excellent Sands and Promenade Pier. Good Boating and 
 Bathing. 
 
 Apply to MANAGER. 
 TOTNES. 
 
 THE SEYMOUR FAMILY HOTEL 
 
 And Posting House. 
 ON THE BANKS OF THE DART.. 
 Patronised by H.R.H, the Prince of Wales. 
 
 Omnibus meets all Trains and Steamboats. : 
 G. & F. MITCHELL, Proprietors, 
 
 TYNDRUM. 
 
 ROYAL HOTEL. 
 
 OSEPH STEWART, of Crianlarich Hotel, begs to intimate that he has taken a lease 
 of the above First-Class Hotel, which, having been built within the last few years, 
 contains superior accommodation, having large and lofty Bedrooms, Baths, etc., with 
 excellent Public Rooms and Private Parlours, Billiard Room, Smoking Room, ete. 
 The whole house has been beautifully furnished anew, and forms one of the most com- 
 fortable and healthful resorts in the Highlands. First rate Cuisine. Table d’Hote 
 Breakfasts and Dinners. Wines, Spirits, and Malt Liquors of best qualities. The 
 outdoor attractions include splendid Lawn-Tennis Court, with nets and all appliances, 
 Excellent Trout Fishing free of charge in Loch Nabea, Loch Dochart, and River 
 Fillan. Boats and Boatmen in attendance. Parties. boarded: by week or month. 
 Posting in all its branches.’ Within three minutes’ walk of Railway Station. 
 
 TROSSACHS. . 
 
 STRONACHLACHER HOTEL. 
 
 (HEAD OF LOCH. KATRINE.) 
 DONALD FERGUSON begs to intimate that he has lately completed 
 extensive alterations and additions to his Hotel, and that it will be 
 his constant endeavour, as’ heretofore, to secure every comfort and atten- 
 tion to Tourists and others favouring him with their patronage. It is the 
 best Fishing-Station, and Boats, with experienced Boatmen, are always in 
 readiness, - During the Season Coaches run to and from Inversnaid in 
 connection with Steamers on Loch Katrine and Loch Lomond, _— ° 
 Carriages and other Conveyances kept for Hire. 
 
- TROSSACHS. ©, 87 
 
 LOCH KATRINE. 
 R. BLAIR, Proprietor, 
 
 . 
 
 HIS Fimst-Cuass Horen is beautifully situated in the midst of 
 the classic scenery of Scott’s “Lady of the Lake,” and is the 
 ONLY HOTEL in the Trossachs, ~ 
 *- Parties staying for not less than a week can be boarded on 
 SPECIAL TERMS, excepting from 15th July to 15th Sept. 
 During the season Coaches run from Callander Railway Station 
 to the Trossachs, in connection with all Trains, and in connection 
 with all Steamers on Loch Katrine. These Coaches all stop at this 
 Hotel ; giving passengers time to Lunch., | 
 Excellent Fishing in Lochs Katrine and Achray. ~ Boats en- 
 gaged at the Hotelyand at the Boathouse Loch Katrine Pier, 
 
 “BILLIARDS. | LAWN TENNIS, 
 
 Address THE TROSSACHS, HOTEL, 
 Loch Katrine, 
 
 By CALLANDER, N.B. 
 R. BLAIR, Proprietor. 
 
88 WELLS—YORK-—HYDROPATHIO (MALVERN) ESTAB.—COACHES. 
 
 WELLS, SOMERSET. 
 
 THE SWAN HOTEL, 
 
 FACING, AND PRIVATE WALK TO, THE CATHEDRAL. 
 For Tariff of Charges, see the 
 “Swan Horet Visirors’ GUIDE TO WELLS,” 
 
 price 6d., or to 
 MRS. GEORGE, Proprietress. 
 
 YORK, 
 HARKER’S YORK HOTEL, 
 
 ST, HELEN’S SQUARE. 
 
 S bas long-established First-Class Hotel occupies the most central 
 and best Situation in the City, being nearest to the Minster, 
 
 the Ruins of St. Mary’s Abbey, and other objects of interest ; is 
 
 within five minutes’ walk of Station and free fromnoise of Trains. 
 
 P, MATTHEWS, Proprietor. 
 GREAT MALVERN. 
 HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 pD® RAYNER’S Hydropathic Establishment and Winter Residence, Great 
 
 Malvern. . Hydropathy, Electricity in every form, Massage, Droitwich 
 Brine and Medicated Baths, and other curative agents. Aix Bath for the, 
 treatment of rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, &c., as at, Aix-les-Bains, Quiet 
 rooms for the treatment of patients by the Weir-Mitchell method, Separate 
 terms to Visitors not requiring medical treatnient, 
 
 For Prospectus apply to T, RAYNER, M.D., as above. 
 THE 
 
 BRAEMAR, DUNKELD, BLAIRGOWRIE, 
 AND GLENSHEE COAGHZS © 
 
 WILL COMMENCE RUNNING ON Isr JULY, 
 
 Leaving BRAEMAR at 8: A.M., DUNKELD at 9 A.M., BLAIRGOWRIE at 11 A.M., 
 every lawful day. 
 
 Fire Arms Horet, BRAEMAR, April 1887. 
 
COACHES—-RAILWAYS. 89 
 NORTH DEVON. 
 
 LYNTON AND MINEHEAD. 
 
 The Well-appointed Fast Four-Horse Coach 
 kif. 
 LORNA DOONE ” 
 
 Commenced running-for the Season on the 25th $& 
 April between Railway Station, Minehead, and 
 
 Royal Castle Hotel, Lynton. For particulars see G. W. ‘Railway Time Tables 
 and Bills, THOMAS BAKER Jvun.; Proprietor. 
 
 Private Hoven, Lynton. 
 
 LYNTON, LYNMOUTH, AND BARNSTAPLE, 
 
 The quickest route to London by three-quarters of an hour. 
 
 THe Well-Appointed Fast Four-Horse Coach ‘‘ Tantivy ’ 
 (carrying the Mails) runs daily throughout the year 
 iSupdaya excepted), in connection with the trains of 
 L. and §. W. Railway, passing through some of the 
 —— => — finest scenery in Devonshire. 
 
 AY; 
 
 ant : : ep eaeSoe OLALN.| Waterloo . : . dep. 9--0.A.M. 
 
 Barnstaple : ey carr., 10 55° 5; 8 Barnstaple : , arr; 3.2] Pim. 
 4 . dep. Hl) 3 ifs 2) : ma Gen. o 40 7. 
 
 Waterloo \ arr. 5 17 P.M. 8 \pynton . . arr. 6:30. ,,, 
 
 Through Tickets issued at all L. & 8. W: Railway Stations. 
 Booking Office opposite Valley of Rocks Hotel, Lynton. 
 .- JONES BROS., House seems; Lynton, Proprietors. 
 
 asi LONDON & SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY, 
 =F WATERLOO |STATION, LONDON. 
 
 The Shortest and Quickest Route to the South-West and West 
 of England, EXETER, BARNSTAPLE, BIDEFORD (“ West- 
 -ward Ho!”), ILFRACOMBE, NORTH and SOUTH DEVON, 
 BUDEwé Hotswortuy, TAVISTOCK, LAUNCESTON, PLY- 
 MOUTH, DEVONPORT, WEYMOUTH, SWANAGE, CORFE 
 CASTLE, BOURNEMOUTH, SOUTHAMPTON, PORTS- 
 MOUTH, STOKES BAY, and ISLE OF WIGHT... The only 
 timate Railway to igre ps 
 FAST EXPRESSES AT ORDINARY FARES, AND FREQUENT FAST TRAINS. 
 Ail Trains convey Third- Class Passengers. 
 CHEAP TOURIST AND EXCURSION TICKETS. 
 
 Through Tickets in connection with the London and North- Western, 
 Great Northern, and Midland Railways. Regular Mail Steam-Ships, vid 
 Southampton, to and from the: CHANNEL ISLANDS, JERSEY, and 
 GUERNSEY, Also*Fast Steam-Ships for Havrn, RovEn, and PARIS, Sr. 
 MALo, CuEnBourc, GRANVILLE, and HonriEuR. The Company’ s Steam- 
 
 Ships are not surpassed i in Speed or Accommodation by any Channel Vessels, 
 ‘ CHARLES SCOTTER, General Manager. 
 
RAILWAYS, 
 
 “BAST COAST “EXPRESS” ROUTE. 
 
 GREAT NORTHERN .AND NORTH-EASTERN RAILWAYS.’ 
 SPECIAL EXPRESS TRAINS 
 
 BETWEEN LONDON & EDINBURGH & GLASGOW. 
 LONDON & EpINBURGH 8 Hrs. 55 Mins. To GLAscow InN 10 Hrs. 20 Mins, 
 
 SPECIAL DAY EXPRESS TRAINS 
 
 run between Glasgow, Edinburgh, and London, as under: 
 
 DOWN, Ur. 
 Krnq’s CROSS ...... Dep.-10.0 a.m. | PERTH......05.) 4s... Dep. 7.30/.A.M. 
 EDINBURGH......:.. Arty -:7.0:.-P.M. » |. GLASGOW. is. terdeiwe chp — 8.40. <5 
 GLASGOW .....ceeeees - 8.20 «4s EDINBURBGH....s0008,-45) LOM Fg, 
 PERT Bui). duwtavisd i 9.35. 5; Krnq’s Cross...... Arr. 7.0 P.M, 
 
 THROUGH WEEK-DAY SERVICE 
 BETWEEN LONDON AND SCOTLAND BY East CoAst ROUTE. 
 
 DOWN. A | B | Sat, }; UP. C = 
 A.M,| A.M.|4.M. | P.M. | P.M. | P.M. | P.M. A.M. | A.M. | A.M.| A.M.] P.M. 
 Kino’s X, Dp. 5.15,10.0 |10.35| 8.0*| 8.30|10.80, 8.30); Wick.....Dp.12.10)| 8.0 | . a 
 Edinburgh Ar. 3.40, 7.0 | 8.38) 4.55] 6.15} 9.55) 6.15/|,Thurso..., ,, 12.25) 8,10 wa 
 Glasgow.. ,, 5.20) 8.20/10.25| 6.20} 7.4511.15| 7.55|| Helmsdale ,, 3.30/10.18)> .. we |. 2020 
 Stirling .. ,, 5.18) 8.25/10.26| 6.30} 7.41) 1.55) 7.37||Golspie... ,, 4.30/10.56) .. o. [$3.24 
 Oban...+6 5, 9.47) 2. -| 4:45} .. |12.25} 6.17} .. -}/Inverness.,, 10:10 3.0 - : 10.0 
 Perth,.... ,, 6.40) 9.35/1].36) 7.20) 8.35) 3.35} 8.30]; Aberdeen. ,, 1.20 4.40 “2 8.55 
 Dundee... ,, 6.45/10.30]12.40) 8.20] 9.50) 4.45} 9.5 P.M. ‘ 
 Aberdeen. ,, 8.40) 3.5 | 3.5 | 9,55/11.15| 8.30]12.0 |] Dundee... ,, 4.0 | 6.40) 7.0} 7/0 {11.5 
 Inverness. ,, “2. | 8.5°| 8.5 |11.50) 6.5 | “S| 1.30}| Perth... .1 »y 4.20] 7.35) 7.80) -7.30)12.0 
 Golspie .. ,, F.18)" 1.18) 8.24) ae 5.141) Oban... es 9, 12.40) 4.0255 45---6.10 
 Helmsdale ,, 2.10}»2.10) 4.1: | 06 .. | 5.51|) Stirling. . 5.19) 8.41, 8.40) 8.40) 1.5 
 Thurso.... ,, 4.40] 4.40| 6.0 | ...|\ .. | 7.50||Glasgow.. ,, 6.0 | 9.5 | 8.45) 8.45] 1.0 
 Wick . 5.0 | 5.0 | 6.10 8.0 Edinburgh 31 W-BOPLO. 4010.0 10.15} 2.50 
 A. Does not leave King’s Cross on Batandaye or Sun-|) Krne’s X, Ar. 5.45) 8.15 7.0°| 8.30) 2,10 
 days. A.M.| A.M.| P.M.| P.M. | A.M. 
 
 B. The train leaving King’s Cross. at.10.30 p.m. on Saturdays does not run north of Berwick 
 
 on Sunday morning, C. Not run from Inverness on Saturday nights. — ., 
 
 Third-class tickets are issued by all trains, except the additional Special Seotch 
 
 Express trains, from King’s Cross at 10.0 a.M., and Edinburgh at 10.0.4mM 
 
 It is intended that this train service shall be in force until Ist J uly, but from . 
 
 that date the night express train service will be altered, and additional expresses 
 run between King’s Cross and Scotland by East Coast route. 
 
 An additional day express will leave King’s Cross at about 10.25 a. m. for Edin- 
 burgh. The down night service will be improved, and an additional train run 
 from King’s Cross. The 10.40 p.m. up express from Edinburgh wiil leave at 10.20 
 p.m. and be accelerated so as to reach King’s Cross at 7.10 a.m. New express 
 trains will leave Edinburgh at 12.40 noon and 10.40 p.m., and arrive at King’s 
 Cross 10,50 p.m. and 8.0.a.m. respectively. 
 
 * The 8.0 and 8.30 p.m. Express trains from King’s Cross are in direct Sone erica 
 with. the ‘‘fona ” and other West Coast: Steamers, 
 
 PULLMAN CARS & SLEEPING CARRIAGES 
 are attached to the night trains. 
 
 Alterations may be made in the times of the trains from month to mon ths 
 
 for particulars of which see the East Coast Railways’ Monthly Time Books. 
 
 Conductors*in charge of through luggage travel with the Express trains leaving 
 London at 10.0 and 10.35 a.m., 8.0 and 8.30 p.m.; and Perth at 4.20 p.m. and 7.30 
 A.M.; and Edinburgh at 10.0, 10.15 a.m., 7.35 p.m., and 10.40 P.m. 
 
EAST COAST ROUTE. 
 GREAT NORTHERN AND NORTH-EASTERN RAILWAYS. 
 
 TOURIST TICKETS,—-From 16th May to 31st October, 1st, 2d, and 3d class tourist 
 tickets, available for return, withouteaxtra payment, wntil 81st December 1887, will be issued 
 from London (King’s Cross, G.N.R.), 111 Strand, 285 Oxford Street, at the Offices of 
 Messrs. Swan & Leach, 32 Piccadilly Circus, and 3 Charing Cross ; and at Victoria (L. C. 
 & D.), Moorgate Street and Finsbury Park Stations, etc., etc., to the under-mentioned 
 stations in Scotland, at fares as under :— 
 
 FARES FROM KINGS CROSS. 
 
 1st class |2d class|3d class 1st class } 2d class| 3d class 
 & ofl. opey: 5. Ads s ad. Seeds Ss. da. 
 @BERWICK . . 94 0| 75 4] 49 6/||St. ANDREWs . 121 9] 8810} 56.0 
 aMELROSE, vit COLDSTREAM . 96 8j| 76 0)| 50 0 
 Hexham ... 99 6| 74 9 50 O |}|;\DUNDEE . .. 125 8 90 8 56 0 
 PREBLES? © o 4s. 104... 9 Oe 50 0 ||ARBROATH . . 128 3 92.2 56 0 
 a@EDINBURGH . 109 6] 79 9 50 0 ||MontTROosE ... 133 0 94 6 56 0 
 FORFAR 3 .°}.  -180- 3) 93. 8 56 0 ||BRECHIN. . . 133 0 94 6 56 0 
 Guadacow  . ft. -110.38]. 81 2 52 0 ||ABERDEEN . . 133 6 94 9 56. 0 
 HELENSBURGH. 112 9] 82 4 52- 0 ||BALLATER . . 143 31105 8 62 10 
 LARBEBD © > }.- , 112.0) 82 0 52, OF |- PEPLOOHR YG 26° 131,..2 93 6 56 O 
 STIRLING. . . 114 38] 8310 bo: GI SERUAN esas 184-4 95 10 57.10 
 BRIDGEOFALLAN 115 0] 84 6 54 0O ||BoaTOFGARTEN 
 DUNBLANE. «.. 115 6] 84-9] 54 O ||GRanNTOWN . .}147 61103 9 60 0 
 CALLANDER. . 118 6 . 64.0 }KEITH «:5 « 
 Greer 6 pyle pl Ze> 1 O4s,.88°'8 54 .0 ||ELGIN. ..«. . 148 6] 104 3 60 0 
 IGTEAEMS he veri lelny U Sie 59 0 ||INVERNESS . . 
 DALMALLY . . 129 9 ? 62, -07||NamRN  . -. . +150 01105 0 60 0 
 LocH AWE. . 130 3 ? 62 6 ||FoRRES... . 
 CONNEL FERRY 131 9 3 63. 6 ||DINGWALL . . 150 0O/| 108 11 63.1 
 TAYRMUILDs 6 g(t SOL a8 63 0 ||ISTRATHPEFFER. 151 3 | 109 11 63 8 
 Osan, viaDalmally 132 3 64 0 ||ACHNASHEEN . 157 61/112 6} 67 6 
 OBAN, via Glasg’ STROME FerRyY 164 9/|117 4) 70 0 
 or Helensburgh 130 3/101 2) 63 0 ||Larre,. . . 160 0);115 0| 70 0 
 OBAN, Cire. Tour 131 3 RS 63: 6 |IGOLSPIE .., . 165.0] 118 9]. 72. 6 
 PEertay bao. 22303)" 88 81s 540.0 )(/HetmspaLe, ~ .170-).0 |/122). 6.2). .76. 0 
 DUNKELD. . 127 8] 90 10);,54.0/||THURSO . . . 184.6] 133. 9| 83.0 
 ABERFELDY ~ . 132 3] 94 44°56:10 |\Wick.. . . 186 911385 4] 84.0 
 
 From Victoria (li. C. & D.) and Moorgate, 8d. 1st, and 6d. 2d class, will be added to 
 the‘ King’s Cross fares, except to Berwick. a Tickets are also issued from Broad St. to 
 Berwick, Melrose, and Edinbro’ at fares as follows:—Berwick, same as from. King’s 
 Cross ; Melrose and Edinbro’, 8d. 1st, and 6d. 2d class, higher than King’s Cross. 
 
 BREAK OF JOURNEY.—Passengers may break their journey, both in:going and 
 returning, at Peterboro’; also at Grantham or Doncaster to enable them to visit Lincoln 
 Cathedral, paying the ordinary fares between those places and Lincoln, and at York to 
 enable them to visit Harrogate, Scarboro’, and the East Coast watering-places, and also 
 at Darlington, Durham, Newcastle (for Newcastle Exhibition),* Bilton, and Belford, re- 
 suming it by trains having carriages attached corresponding to the class of ticket held ; 
 also at Berwick or any station north of Berwick on the routes by which the tickets are 
 available, Passengers for places north of Edinburgh and Larbert may break the journey 
 in Edinburgh and at Glasgow, and also at any station at which the train ordinarily stops. 
 Tickets between Great Northern stations and places north of Larbert are available at 
 Edinburgh and also at Glasgow. Passengers breaking the journey at.Glasgow may travel 
 to or from the north via Greenhill or Polmont without additional payment, provided 
 they make use of N. B. Co.’s trains to and from Glasgow (Queen St. station). The journey 
 can be broken both going and returning, and without restriction as to period, except that 
 the return journey must be completed within the time for which the ticket is available. 
 Passengers with tickets for Melrose are also at liberty to break the journey at St. Bos- 
 well’s tor Dryburgh Abbey. The above facilities and arrangements, as regards 
 passengers breaking their journey, apply equally to Ist, 2d, and 3d class. 
 
 * The Royal Mining and Engineering, etc. etc., Exhibition at Neweastle will be open 
 from 11th May wntil 31st October. The Royal Agricultural Show will be at Newcastle from 
 July 11th to 15th. The holders of through tickets to Scotland may break the journey at 
 Newcastle when going north and when returning to the south. F 
 
 For further intormation apply at the Offices of the East Coast Ry. Cos. in 
 Edinburgh, 9 Princes St.; Glasgow, 32 West George St. ; Perth, General Sta- 
 tion; Dundee, 33 Cowgate; Aberdeen, 28 Market St.; Inverness, 6 Academy 
 St.; Oban, Bank of Scotland Buildings (Mr. J. Stuart). 
 
92 | RAILWAYS. 
 
 LONDON & NORTH-WESTERN AND CALEDONIAN RAILWAYS. 
 West Coast Royal Mail Route between England & Scotland 
 
 Via PRESTON anp CARLISLE. Mitty 
 TRAIN SERVICE —lst, 2d, and 8d Class by all Trains. 
 
 STATIONS. Week - Days. SUNDAYS. 
 
 a.m, |a&.M.| a.m.| a.m.| p.m.| p.m.|p.m. |ngtt{p.m.| p.m. |nght 
 London (Huston)....dep.| 5.15} 7.15/10.0 {10.10} 8.0 | 8.50.10.0 |12.0 ] 8.50/10.0 {12.0 
 Birmingham (New St.).. ,, | 7.30) 8.50/12.0 /12.0 |10.15/10.15/12.5 3.10;10.15)10.15}' 8.10 
 Liverpool (Lime Street) ,, | 9.40/11.10) 1.45) 8.45/11.40/12.45 2.35)12.45)~ . > | '2,35 
 wi (Exehange) ..°,, "10.7 '/11-35!°2/20) 3.25) J. ne tera emer ors 
 Manchester (Exchange) ,, /10.0 |11.5 | 2.0 | 4.0 {11.40} 1.0 Fed 1 eh ign becates fe 
 Us (L: and Y.).. ,, {10.0 |17.10)-1:45)'3.25! .. mae Whee Sie Sipe. Re 
 Motatee, vk Sb ests te te ee ee BITS) 2.4794 See eepe ||! 2 AS ets Dd bode t ee eee ee 
 Edinburgh (Princes Street) ,, | 4.15) 5.50! 8.0 |10.5 4.7} 6.50|19.0 ~Jt2.52F Goole. 0 [la.02 
 Glasgow (Central Station) ,, | 4.25} 6.0 | 8.0 |10.15! 6.0 LD 1( Ole i l.Oep ta0nllekey f.0 
 Greenock ::..44 22.01. 8: »> | 5.38) 7.13) 9.3 |11.57} 7.5 | 8.45|*10.43| 2.46] 8,45 10.43) 2.46 
 DUIIING eres tee », | 034) .. | 8.25/10.45) 6.30) 7.41/*9.50 | 1.571 7.56) 9.50) 1.57 
 Oban. 97.5).5 [ASL ee ox ear 2 4.45) ° 3.“ 12025 6.17/12. 257. | 6.17 
 Porth... «tt imiaeash ae. 2, yy» | 6.45) .. | 9,35)/11.50) 7.20) 8.55/*11.10} 3.35} 8.50)11.10) 3.35 
 Dumilesy. .1..2. AYA 1.0... »> | 7.30) 4. |10.30/12.40) 8.20) 9.50/*12.5 | 4.45]10.0° |12.5 | 4,45 
 Aberdeen. 4:..% .a.9 Loe oe », 10.0 +» | 3.5 | 9.55|12.0 |*2.15 | -8.30112.0°| 2.15] 8.30 
 Invernéss.;."). 82.098 2 oy | eed we PSs [8.5 {11.50/*6.5 [65 fo | 6.5 POSTS. 
 
 No connection to places marked (*) on Saturday nights. } Not on Saturday nights from London, 
 
 Up TRAINS, a.m.) p.m.| a.m.|a.m.;a.m.] p.m.|p.m.} p.m. fa.m.}-p.m. 
 INVERNESS ./..9)).. 006.8 dep.| AG FEO,0 of -» {10.10} .. | 3.0) (5 | #1010}... 
 Abetdeen..5 2. .7b0.4 i. 4 ¥ +. fam.) 4, | 8.55 12.30) .. | 4.40) ay 112.30) .. 
 Dundee........ To ee | ve | 740) oe. [ILS | 3.80] 6. | 6.40) PB $3.10). 
 
 Obama0. 2.8. SOE. Pad Ried, Bee A ve | 6.10:12.40] ... 114.0 es .F oe 
 Perth jius.].0. 880.1: wee gy) ee | 8.80) 02 /12.0'| 4.13) 2. | 7.80) BRP 44d] 
 Stirling. /.)..685.. 2. 2 » {ve { OBOE | 1L5EN 5.04! Oo | 8.80} % $5.5 tas 
 Greéenoek.... .2..005.1 4.8 » 1 se 1 90-7995 | 1108 5.04 8.5 ce f 9.0- 9 5.000% 
 Glasgow (Central Station) ,, -!6.0' 110.0 |11.0 | 2.15) 5.50} 9.5 ..) [10.5 5:50] 9.5 
 Edinburgh (Princes Street) ,, | 6.0 |10.0 |11.0 | 2.25) 6.0 | 9.10} -... |10:10 16.0 | 9.10 
 Moffatuid .vioth 2a PARA, 99°) FO 110/80/12, 35} 8255)! GQOlrderpel. ve 23 fe 
 Manchester (Exchange) arr./12.36} 4.20] 6.0 | 8.55) J. .| 8.35} 3.35] 4.40 f° .. 1-38.50 
 3 L.and Y.):.', {12-15} 3.55] 5.25] 8.45 12.12} 2 0} faasobs, 
 Liverpool (Lime Street) ,, |12.35}-4.85) 5.40] 9.15 12.20] 8.45} 3.45] 4.50 412.0. | 8155 
 4 (Exchange)... ,,)/12.17} 3.52} 5. 30/°8.50) cove} qoedibyy (o gred dpe 
 Birmingham (New 8t.).. ;,. | 2.40} 6.13} 8. 10}11.25| 2v32] 5.451°5.45] 2." $99.89! 5:45 
 p-m.} p.m, | a.m. }a.m. | ° | a.m, | 
 London (Huston) ....arr.)'4.20} 8.0 10.15] 2. | 8.50] 7.0: | 7.45) v1 oP 8.50}! 8.0: 
 
 This Train Service will be in force until lst July, but from that date the Train 
 Service will be altered and additional Fast Express Trains run between England 
 and Scotland by the West; Coast Route. Full particulars will be duly announced 
 in‘the Company’s Time Books and Bills. 5: Mise pees 
 
 Through Guards and Conductors travel by the principal day and night Express Trains, 
 
 DRAWING-ROOM SALOONS, without extra charge, fitted with Lava-. 
 tory accommodation, and furnished with every modern convenience, are run between 
 London and Edinburgh and Glasgow by the train leaving Euston at 10 a.m., returning 
 from Edinburgh and Glasgow by 10 a.m. Up Express. Carriages with Lavatories are 
 also run on all the principal Express and Fast Trains between England and Scotland. 
 
 IMPROVED SLEEPING SALOON CARRIAGSBS, lighted with gas, 
 comfortably heated, and provided with Pillows, Sheets, Blankets, Rugs, Lavatories, etc., 
 are attached to the Night Trains from and to London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Greenock, 
 Stranraer, Perth, ete., the charge for each Berth being 5s, in addition to the ordinary 
 First-Class Fare. Separate apartments are reserved for ladies travelling alone. Saloons, 
 Family Carriages, Reserved. Compartments, and_all other conveniences hecessary to 
 ensure comfort. on the journey,.can be arranged upon application. to. Mr. G..P..NEELE; 
 Superintendent of the. & N.-W. line, Euston Station, London; Mr.;IRving. Kempe, . 
 General Superintendent, Cal. Rail., Glasgow; orto any.of the Station-Masters at the 
 Stations on the West Coast Route, Seis P 
 
RAILWAYS. 95 
 
 Ist, 2p, AND 3D CLASS TOURIST TICKETS 
 
 Available from date of issue up to and including 31st December 1887, 
 ARE (DURING THE SEASON, MAY 16TH TO OCTOBER 31ST) ISSUED FROM 
 
 LONDON and all Principal Stations in ENGLAND 
 TO CHIEF TOURIST RESORTS & PLACES OF INTEREST IN SCOTLAND. 
 For full particulars see the ‘* West Coast Tourist Guide” (with Maps, price 3d.), which can 
 
 be obtained at all Stations. 
 
 BREAK of JOURNEY.—Passengers may break their journey, either going or 
 returning, at Rugby, Birmingham, Stafford, Crewe, Warrington, Wigan, Preston, Lan- 
 caster, Carnforth, Oxenholme (to enable them to visit Windermere and the other Lakes), 
 Shap, Penrith, Carlisle, and at any intermediate Station on the direct route between 
 Carlisle and their destinationin Scotland. Passengers mayalso break theirjourney at Kenil- 
 worth, as also at Leamington (for Stratford-on-Avon) and at Lichfield. Passengers from 
 London and Stations South of Crewe will be allowed to proceed to and break the journey 
 at Manchester (for the purpose of visiting the Jubilee Exhibition) without extra pay- 
 ment. Tourists breaking the journey at any Station when travelling in the outward 
 direction are required to produce both the outward and return halves of their tickets. 
 
 TOURIST TICKETS issued by the West Coast Route to Stirling, Oban, 
 Perth, Dundee, Aberdeen, Inverness, and other Stations north of Larbert, entitle the 
 Passengers either to travel direct to the North, or first to visit Hdinburgh and then 
 Glasgow, travelling by the Caledonian Line throughout, thus:—To Edinburgh, via 
 Carstairs: from Edinburgh (Princes St.) to Glasgow, via Caledonian Line; from Glasgow 
 to the North, via Caledonian Line, and vice versa on return. Tickets are also issued 
 entitling the holders to travel via Carstairs and Edinburgh, break the journey at the 
 latter place, and proceed thence to Larbert, starting from the Waverley Station, 
 Edinburgh, and travelling via Linlithgow, returning by the same route. | Passengers 
 must state at the time of booking by which route they elect to travel, and obtain Tickets 
 accordingly. Passengers holding Tourist Tickets to Montrose, Brechin, Aberdeen, and 
 Stations north of Guthrie, may travel via Forfar or via Dundee, in either direction. 
 
 DINING.—The Down and Up Day Expresses wait 20 minutes at PRESTON to 
 enable Passengers to dine, and Hot Dinners are provided, 2s. 6d. each—No. fees. 
 Special Dinners will be provided for Family Parties, on notice being given to the 
 Conductor at Crewe on the Down journey, and at Carlisle on the Up journey. 
 
 LUNCHEON-BASKETS are supplied to Passengers in the Trains at the 
 Euston, Bletchley, Rugby, Nuneaton, Stafford, Crewe, Preston, and Carlisle Stations, at 
 the following charge:—Baskets containing half a chicken, with ham or tongue, or a 
 portion of cold beef, salad, ice, bread, cheese, butter, etc., with either half.a bottle of 
 claret, two glasses of sherry, or a pint bottle of stout, 3s. HOT LUNCHEONS, con- 
 sisting of fillet of beef or mutton chop, fried potatoes, bread, etc., can be supplied to 
 Passengers in the Trains at Crewe, Rugby, and Stafford, on giving notice to the guard 
 of the train at the preceding stopping stations. The charge for the hot luncheon is 3s. 
 with wine or beer, and 2s. 6d. without. Luncheon-Baskets are provided at Perth for 
 the convenience of Passengers travelling by the West Coast Route. 
 
 OMNIBUSES FOR USE OF FAMILY PARTIES travelling by 
 the West Coast Route.—The L. and N.-W. Ry. Co. provide, when previously ordered, 
 Omnibuses capable of carrying six persons inside and two. outside, with the usual 
 quantity of luggage, to meet trains at Euston Station, The Omnibuses will also be 
 sent to the hotels or residences of parties leaving London by L. and N.-W. Ry. on 
 application being made to the Station-Master at Euston, stating the train by which 
 it is intended to leave Euston. The charge for the use of an Omnibus will be as 
 follows :—For distances under six miles, 1s. per mile; for distances six miles and 
 over, or when two horses are used at the request of a Passenger, 1s. 6d. per mile, 
 except when a large ’bus is used, when the charge is 2s. per mile. Passengers from 
 Scotland, by the West Coast Route, travelling by the Limited Mail or other Through 
 Scotch Trains from Perth, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Stations South, can secure 
 these Omnibuses to meet the Trains on arrival at Euston Station, by giving notice 
 to the respective Station-Masters before starting. The Omnibuses can generally be 
 obtained on arrival of the Train at Euston, even though not previously ordered. 
 
 FAMILY LUGGAGE.—Arrangements have been made in London and other 
 large towns for carting to the Station, at low rates, the luggage of Families travelling by 
 the L. & N.-W. Ry., and also for forwarding such luggage by Passenger Train in advance. 
 
 THE LIMITED MAIL AND HIGHLAND EXPRESS TRAINS 
 travel by the ‘“‘ West Coast Route,” and are in connection with the Mail Coaches to 
 the outlying districts of the Highlands. These Trains have been accelerated between 
 London and Edinburgh and Glasgow; and additional accommodation and increased 
 facilities are afforded to Passengers travelling by them. May 1887. By Order. 
 
94 RAILWAYS. 4 
 
 MIDLAND RAILWAY. 
 
 ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND, “Via Serrim ayp Carusin.” 
 
 AN IMPROVED SERVICE OF EXPRESS AND FAST TRAINS 
 
 has been established between the Midland System and Scotland by this route. 
 
 Passengers between London, Edinburgh, and Glasgow are conveyed in Through 
 Carriages of the most improved description, fitted with an efficient continuous Automatic 
 Brake and all the most approved modern appliances, and Through Guards accompany 
 the principal trains in charge of Passengers’ luggage. Retwrn Tickets between Stations 
 in England and Stations in Scotland are available for One Calendar Month. : 
 
 LONDON.—A Morning Express Train runs from London to Edinburgh and Glasgow, 
 and also from Glasgow and Edinburgh to London, with a PULLMAN PARLOUR CAR 
 to and from Glasgow (and ‘Edinburgh during the Summer months). A Night Express 
 Train runs in each direction between the same places, with PULLMAN SLEEPING 
 CARS attached. 
 
 WEST OF ENGLAND.—For the convenience of Passengers to and from the West 
 of England and Scotland, a New Service of Express Passenger Trains has been estab- 
 lished to and from Bristol, Bath, Gloucester, Cheltenham, Worcester, and Birmingham, 
 in connection with the Through Service between London and Edinburgh and Glasgow. 
 
 DINING ARRANGEMENTS.—The Up and Down Day Express Trains stop half-an- 
 hour at Normanton to enable Passengers to dine, a spacious and comfortable Dining Room 
 having been provided. Table d’Héte of five Courses with Dessert, 2s. 6d. each—no fees. 
 
 LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER. 
 
 SpecraL Service of Express Trains has been established between LONDON and 
 
 MANCHESTER and LivERPoo. (via Derpy and MATLocK). Passengers travelling 
 
 by this route pass through the most picturesque portion of the Peak of Derbyshire and 
 the Vale of Matlock. 
 
 PULLMAN PARLOUR AND SLEEPING CARS are run by this route. Passengers 
 holding First-Class Tickets are allowed to ride in the Pullman Cars attached to the Day 
 Express Trains without extra payment. For Berths in Sleeping Cars a small extra charge 
 is made in addition to the First Class fares. 
 
 A PULLMAN DINING SALOON CAR is also attached to the Express Trains leaving 
 London (St. Pancras) at 5 p.m. for Manchester and Liverpool; and Manchester (Central) 
 at 5 p.m. for London. Passengers leaving Liverpool at 4.40 p.m. can join the Dining 
 Car from Manchester at Derby. No extra charge beyond the sum payable for the 
 Dinner is made. Table d’Héte, Luncheon, &c., served en route. 
 
 OMNIBUSES.—Small Omnibuses, capable of carrying Six Persons inside and Two 
 outside, and Large Omnibuses, drawn by two horses and capable of carrying Ten or 
 Twelve persons, are supplied when previously ordered, to meet the Express and other 
 principal Trains at the St. Pancras Station. The usual weight of Luggage is allowed. 
 The Omnibnses are also sent to the Hotels or Residences of parties leaving London hy 
 Midland Railway, or to any of the Railway Termini, on application being made to the 
 Station-master at St. Pancras, stating the Train by which it is intended to leave St. 
 Pancras. 
 
 The charge for the use of a Small Omnibus is 1s. per mile, with a minimum charge 
 of 3s.; for distances over 6 miles, or when two horses are required, the charge is 1s. 6d. 
 per mile, with a minimum charge of 4s. 6d. ; and larger Omnibuses are charged 2s. per 
 mile, minimum charge 6s, 
 
 Two-horse Omnibuses ply between St. Pancras Station and Hotel, and Charing Cross 
 and Waterloo Stations, on week days only. The Omnibuses meet the Principal Trains, 
 and Passengers holding Through Tickets between Stations on the Midland and South- 
 Eastern and London and South-Western Railways, are conveyed across London Free of 
 Charge, other Passengers being charged 3d. each. 
 
 BELFAST, BY THE SHORT SEA MAIL ROUTE via BARROW. 
 
 HE capacious Docks of Barrow, situated within the ancient Harbour of Piel; under 
 J_" ‘shelter of Walney Island, are open for traffic, and the Swift and Powerful First- 
 class Paddle Steam Ships ‘‘ Donrcat,” ‘‘ LONDONDERRY,” ‘‘ ARMAGH,” or other First- 
 class Vessels, sail between Barrow (Ramsden Dock) and Belfast (weather permitting) 
 in connection with through Trains on the Midland and Furness Railways; and through 
 Tickets to Belfast, in connection-with the Boat, are’issued from London and all prin- 
 cipal Stations on the Midland Railway—Return Tickets'are\available{for One Calendar 
 Month, and in the summer for Two Calendar Months. 
 
 Passengers to or from London, and other Stations south of Leicester, may break 
 their Journey at Furness Abbey, Leeds, Derby, Trent, Nottingham, Leicester, Ketter- 
 
RAILWAYS. 95 
 
 ing, Luton, and Bedford, and they may also travel via Birmingham, and break the 
 journey at that place. Passengers to or from Stations west of Birmingham may break 
 the journey at Furness Abbey, Leeds, Derby, or Birmingham; and Passengers to or 
 from Stations on the North-Eastern Railway at Leeds or Furness Abbey, taking care 
 that from any of those places they proceed by Midland Trains. 
 
 BELFAST via STRANRAER AND LARNE. 
 
 Passengers are also booked through to Belfast by the Shortest Sea Route via 
 Carlisle, Dumfries, Stranraer, and Larne. A SLEEPING CAR and THROUGH 
 CARRIAGE are run between London (St. Pancras) and Stranraer in connection with 
 the Steamers, by the Trains leaving St. Pancras at 8.25 p.m. (Saturdays excepted), and 
 Stranraer Harbour at 8.40 p.m. daily (Sundays excepted). On Sundays the Through Car- 
 riages and Pullman Sleeping Cars are run on the 9.15 p.m. trains from St. Pancras. For 
 Berths in Sleeping Car a small extra charge is made in addition to the First Class fares. 
 
 TOURIST TICKETS.—SCOTLAND. 
 
 During the summer months Ist and 38rd Class Tourist Tickets are issued from 
 London (St. Pancras) and principal Stations on the Midland Railway to 
 Edinburgh, Glasgow, Greenock, Oban, Melrose, Dumfries, Ayr, Stirling, Perth, 
 Dundee, Aberdeen, Inverness, and other principal places of interest. 
 
 Saloon, Family, and Invalid Carriages can be obtained for the use of parties travel- 
 ling to and from Scotland by the Midland Route, by giving a few days’ notice to the 
 Station-master at any of the principal Stations, or to the Superintendent of the Line, 
 
 ot MORECAMBE AND THE ENGLISH LAKES. 
 
 MORECAMBE, WINDERMERE, AMBLESIDE, GRANGE, FURNESS ABBEY, SEASCALE, RAVEN- 
 GLASS, PENRITH,’ KESWICK, and TROUTBECK. 
 
 Every Friday and Saturday, during the Summer Months, Cheap Excursion Tickets 
 to Morecambe are issued from' Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Sheffield, Masboro’, 
 Barnsley, Normanton, Leeds, Bradford, Keighley, Skipton, and principal intermediate 
 points, available to return on the Swnday, Monday, or Tuesday after date of issue. 
 
 Tickets at Cheap Fares are also issued from the same places to Morecambe on 
 Fridays and Saturdays, available to return on any day up to the following Monday week. 
 
 For Dates, Fares, and further particulars, see Tourist Programmes and Special Hand- 
 
 be sag: MATLOCK AND BUXTON. 
 
 Tourist Tickets are issued from principal Stations on the Midland Railway, and 
 Lines in connection, to Matlock and Buxton. 
 
 Passengers holding Tickets to Buxton are allowed to break the journey at principal 
 places of interest on the Line between Matlock and Buxton. 
 
 RETURN TICKETS at Low Fares will be issued from certain stations to MATLOCK and 
 Buxton, by any of the Through Trains, on Fridays and Saturdays, during the Season, 
 available for Return by any Train on the Sunday, Monday, or Tuesday after date of issue. 
 
 First and Third Class Tourist Tickets, available for Two Months or longer, are 
 issued during the Summer Months from principal Stations on the Midland Railway, to 
 
 Scarboro’, Whitby, Filey, Bridlington, Harrogate, Ilkley, and other Stations in the 
 Yorkshire district. 
 
 Yarmouth, Lowestoft, Cromer, Cleethorpes, and other Stations on the East Coast. 
 
 Brighton, Hastings, Portsmouth, The Isle of Wight, Bournemouth, and other 
 Stations in the South of England. 
 
 Penzance, Plymouth, Torquay, Exeter, Weston-super-Mare, Ilfracombe, and other 
 Stations in the West of England. 
 
 Monmouth, Swansea, Tenby, Severn Bridge, Upper Lydbrook, and other Stations 
 in South Wales. 
 
 Aberystwith, Llandudno, Rhyl, Bangor, and other Stations in North Wales. 
 
 Southport, Blackpool, and other Stations on the Lancashire Coast; and to 
 
 Bath, Malvern, Leamington, Brecon, &c. 
 
 For further particulars, see Tourist Programmes and Hand-bills. 
 
 PLEASURE PARTIES._CHEAP RETURN TICKETS 
 are issued to parties of not less than SIX First-Class, or TEN Third-Class Passengers, 
 desirous of taking Pleasure Excursions to places on or adiacent to this Railway. 
 
 For particulars, apply to the Station-masters, or to the Superintendent of the Line 
 at Derby. JOHN NOBLE, General Manager. 
 DERBY, 1887.j 
 
96 RAILWAYS. 
 
 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. 
 
 TOURIST ARRANGEMENTS. 
 
 First, SECOND, and THIRD CLass Tourist TIcKETS, available for two months, 
 and renewable, with exceptions, up to Dec. 31st, are issued during the Summer 
 months of each year, AT THE PRINCIPAL STATIONS ON THIS RatILway, to the 
 Watering and other places of attraction in the WEST OF ENGLAND, 
 including :— 
 
 CLEVEDON. LYNTON, TORQUAY. St, Ives. 
 WESTON-SUPER-MARRE, EXETER. PLYMOUTH. PENZANCE. 
 MINEHEAD. DARTMOUTH, DEVONPORT, SciLiy IsLANDs, 
 BARNSTAPLE, DAWLISH. TRURO. DORCHESTER. 
 ILFRACOMBE, TEIGNMOUTH. FALMOUTH. WEYMOUTH, & THE 
 FowEy. NEWTON ABBOT. New Quay. CHANNEL ISLANDS. 
 To North and South Wales, including— 
 DOLGELLY. LLANDUDNO. BANGOR, TINTERN. CARDIGAN. 
 BARMOUTH, PENMAENMAWR, CARNARVON. Swansea. TENBY, 
 ABERYSTWITH BLAENAU FESTINIOG. HOLYHEAD. PEMBROKE, 
 RHYL. BrETTWS-yY-COED. CHEPSToW, NEw MILFORD. 
 To Buxton. WINDERMERE. EDINBURGH. WHITBY. 
 IsLE oF MAN. ScARBOROUGH. GLASGOW: MaTLock. 
 To BRIGHTON. St, LEONARDS. IsLE oF WIGHT. MARGATE. 
 EASTBOURNE. HASTINGS. RAMSGATE. DOVER. 
 And to WATERFORD, CORK. LAKES OF KILLARNEY. DUBLIN, ETC. 
 
 Passengers holding 1st or 2d Class Tourist Tickets to the principal stations 
 in the West of England can travel by the 11.45 a.m. Fast Train from Padding- 
 ton, which reaches Exeter in four hours and a quarter, and Plymouth in 6 
 hours and 10 minutes ; or by the 3.0 p.m. Fast Train from Paddington, which 
 reaches Exeter in the same time, and Plymouth in 5 hours and 55 minutes. 
 
 Tourists by the GREAT WESTERN LINE—-THE BROAD GAUGE ROUTE TO 
 THE WEST OF ENGLAND—pass through the most picturesque scenery in Devon- 
 shire and Cornwall, extending from Exeter to Plymouth, Falmouth, St. Ives, 
 Penzance, and the Land’s End ; while the Broad Gauge Carriages running in 
 the Fast Express Trains to and from the West of England, for which they 
 have been specially built, are THE FINEST RAILWAY CARRIAGES IN ORDINARY 
 USE IN THE KINGDOM. 
 
 Holders of Tourist Tickets are allowed to break their journey at several 
 stations en route, and visit at their leisure places of interest in the vicinity. 
 The holders of ordinary tickets between London and Exeter, and places west 
 thereof, are also allowed, both in summer and winter, to break their journey at 
 Bath, Bristol, Taunton, or Exeter, and proceed the next day,—an arrange- 
 ment which conduces largely to the comfort of invalids and others to whom a 
 lengthened railway journey is objectionable. 
 
 FAMILY CARRIAGES (with lavatories and other conveniences), containing 
 compartments for servants, can be engaged on payment of not less than Four 
 First-Class and Four Second-Class Fares. Application for these carriages 
 should be made to the Superintendent of the Line, Paddington, some days 
 before the proposed date of the journey, in order to prevent disappointment. 
 
 For particulars of the various Circular Tours, Fares, and other information, 
 see the Company’s Tourist Programmes, which can be obtained at the Stations 
 and Booking Offices. J. GRIERSON, General Manager. 
 
RAILWAYS, 97 
 
 CALEDONIAN RAILWAY. 
 
 } Ny, 
 SI <= SS ] 
 S =s 
 (Waly 
 ai! SLA 
 Seer ay 
 
 a 
 CS ae nage 
 ess 
 
 TOURS IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 THE CALEDONIAN RaItway Company have arranged a system of Tours—over 100 in 
 number—by Rail, Steamer (on Sea, River, and Loch), and Coach, comprehending 
 almost every place of interest either for scenery or historical associations throughout 
 Scotland, including— 
 
 EDINBURGH, GLASGOW, ABERDEEN, DUNDEE, INVERNESS, 
 GREENOCK, PAISLEY, DUMFRIES, MOFFAT, PEEBLES, STIRLING, 
 PERTH, CRIEFF, DUNKELD, OBAN, INVERARAY, 
 
 The Trossachs, Loch Katrine, Loch Lomond, Loch Eck, Loch Earn, Loch Tay, 
 Loch Awe, Caledonian Canal, Glencoe, Iona, Staffa, Skye, Balmoral, 
 Braemar, Arran, Bute, The Firth of Clyde, The Falls of Clyde, dc. kc. 
 
 ft TOURISTS are recommended to procure a copy of the Caledonian Railway Com- 
 pany’s “‘ Tourist Guide,” which contains descriptive notices of the Districts embraced in 
 the Tours, Maps, Plans, &e., and can be had at any of the Company’s Stations, and also 
 at the chief Stations on the London and North-Western Railway, and which are supplied 
 gratis to the chief Hotels, Hydropathics, Steamboats, &c., in Great Britain and Ireland. 
 Tickets for these Tours are issued at the Company’s Booking Offices at all the chief 
 Towns. The Tourist Season generally extends from JuNE to SEPTEMBER, inclusive. 
 The Caledonian Co. also issue Tourist Tickets to the Lake District of England, 
 The Isle of Man, Connemara, The Lakes of Killarney, &c. 
 
 The Caledonian Railway, in conjunction with the London and North-Western 
 Railway, forms what is known as the 
 
 WEST COAST ROUTE 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND. 
 
 DIRECT TRAINS RUN FROM AND TO 
 GLASGOW, EDINBURGH, GREENOCK, PAISLEY, STRANRAER, STIRLING, 
 ~OBAN, PERTH, DUNDEE, ABERDEEN, INVERNESS, and other Placesin Scotland, 
 TO AND FROM 
 LONDON (Euston), BIRMINGHAM, LIVERPOOL, MANCHESTER, PRESTON, 
 PENRITH (for Lake District), LEEDS, BRADFORD, and other Places in England. 
 Sleeping and; Day Saloon Carriages. Through Guards and Conductors. 
 The Caledonian Company’s Trains from and to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Carlisle, &c., 
 connect on the Clyde with the-‘‘ Columba,” ‘‘ Iona,” ‘‘ Lord of the Isles,” ‘‘ Ivanhoe,” 
 and other steamers to and from Dunoon, Innellan, Rothesay, Largs, Millport, the Kyles 
 of Bute, Arran, Campbeltown, Ardrishaig, Inveraray, Loch Goil, Loch Long, &e. &c. 
 A new and improved Train Service is nowrun between Glasgow and Edinburgh, the 
 tourney being performed by Express Trains in 65 minutes. ; 
 An Express service of Trains is also run from Edinburgh and Glasgow to Stirling, 
 Oban, Perth, Dundee, Aberdeen, and the North; and vice versa. 
 For particulars of Trains, Fares, &c., see the Caledonian Railway Co,’s Time Tables, 
 -The Caledonian Company’s large and magnificent 
 
 CENTRAL STATION HOTEL, GLASGOW, 
 
 Is under the Company’s own Management. 
 iy iy JAMES THOMPSON, 
 G.Lascow, 1887. General Manager. 
 
 G 
 
a 
 
 98 RAILWAYS, 
 
 GLASGOW & SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 
 DIRECT ROUTE BETWEEN 
 
 SCOTLAND & ENGLAND. 
 
 Through Trains are run between GLASGOW (St. Enoch) and LONDON 
 St. Pancras), via the GL BEOW & SOUTH-WESTERN and MIDLAND RAILWAYS, 
 : : giving a Direct and Expeditious Service between 
 | *Glasgow, Greenock, Paisley, Ayr, Ardrossan, Kil- 
 ‘ marnock, Dumfries, &c., and Liverpool, Man- 
 ara Pati =>) chester, Bradford, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, Bath, 
 eam aU a trees Some - 2 Sirmingham, London, &c. PULLMAN .DRAW- 
 SSS SoS SS ING-ROOM AND SLEEPING CARS are 
 run by the Morning and Bivening Express Trains between GLASGOW and LONDO 
 Tourist Tickets are issued fromthe principal Stations on the Glasgow and ee 
 Railway to LONDON, BRIGHTON, ISLE OF WIGHT, BOURNEMOUTH, and numerous 
 places of interest in the South and South-West of England; to BATH, HARROGATE, 
 XTON, .MATLOCK, .MALVERN, and other iavourite SS a also to the English 
 LAKE DISTRICT, ISLE OF MAN, &e., &e. 
 
 NORTH OF IRELAND & ENGLAND, via LARNE, STRANRAER, & ANNAN, 
 
 in connection with the Short Sea py Bo between Larne and Stranraer, convenient ex- 
 press Trains are run. between Larne and Belfast and the Principal Towns and. Places of 
 Mmterest in the North of Ireland ; also between Stranraer, Carlisle, Liverpool, Manchester, 
 Bristol, Birmingham, London, and the principal Towns in England. and. Wales, 
 PULLMAN SLEEPING. CARS are run between STRANRAER and LONDON, 
 and vice versa, by the Night Express Trains in connection with the Larne and Stranraer 
 Steamers. 
 
 Ordinary and Tourist Tickets are issued by this Route between England and IRELAND. 
 
 FIRTH OF GLYDE AND WEST HIGHLANDS, va GREENOCK. 
 
 EXPRESS and FAST TRAINS are. run at convenient hours between GLASGOW 
 (St. Enoch Station) and GREHNOCK (Lynedoch St. and Princes Pier 
 Stations), in direct. connection with the ‘‘ CorumBA,” ‘‘GRENADIER,” “ Iona. » € LORD OF 
 THE IsLxEs,” and other Steamers sailing to : 
 and from Kirn, Dunoon, Innellan, Rothe- 
 say, Kyles of Bute, Ardrishaig, Oban, 
 Inveraray, Kilcreggan, Kilmun, Lochgoil- 
 head, Garelochhead, &e, = 
 Through Carriages are run by certain pee : aes 
 Trains between. GREEN OCK (Princes Pier) ane) EDINBURGH (Wavertey);. aie by the 
 Morning and Evening Express Trains between GREENOCK (Princes Pier) and LONDON 
 (St. Pancras). 
 RETURN TICKETS issued to Coast Towns are available for RETURN AT ANY TIME. 
 Passengers are landed at Princes Pier Station, from whence there is a Covered Way to 
 the Pier, where the Steamers call; and Passengers’ Luggage is ied ti FREE OF CHARGE 
 between the Stations and the Steamers, 
 
 ARRAN AND THE AYRSHIRE COAST. 
 
 An Express and Fast Train Service is given between GLASGOW (St: -Enoch), 
 PAISLEY, and TROON, PRESTWICK, AYR, ARDROSSAN, FAIRLIE, LARGS, &c. 
 
 From ARDROSSAN the Splendid Saloon Steamer “SCOTTA ” sails ‘daily to and from 
 the ISLAND OF ARRAN, in connection with the Express Train Service. - 
 
 [RELAND. 
 
 A NIGHTLY SERVICE is given by the Royal Mail Steamers via Gréendek i via 
 Ardrossan, in conneétion with which Tourist Tickets are issued to KILLARNEY, CORK, 
 CONN EMARA, GIANT’S .CAUSEWAY, &e. 
 For particularsas to Trains and Steamers see the netomese 's Time Tables. 
 
 Glasgow; April 1887. JOHN MORTON, Secretary and General Manager. 
 
RAILWAYS, 99 
 
 GREAT SOUTHERN AND WESTERN RAILWAY, IRELAND. 
 LAKES OF KILLARNEY. 
 
 ADs OINS Lorp Krenmarn’s Demesne, and is situated within easy distance 
 of Ross Castle, Muckross Abbey and Grounds, the Gap of Dunloe, and 
 the principal points of interest. 
 
 This Hotel, the largest in the Lake District, possesses unusually good 
 accommodation for Tourists and. Families , including spacious and well-furnished 
 Ladies’ Drawing Room, Writing, Reception, Billiard, Smoking, Dining, and 
 Private Sitting Rooms. All the Public and Private Sitting Rooms are provided 
 with Pianofortes. 
 
 Lawn Tennis in the Hotel Grounds. 
 le Porters of the Hotel await the arrival of each Train for the removal 
 / of Luggage, ke. 
 The Manager. personally undertakes the formation of Excursion Parties 
 with a view to their comfort and economy. 
 The Lakes afford excellent Salmon and Trout Fishing. 
 
 Boats, CARRIAGES, PONIES, &c., WITH STEADY ATTENDANTS, ALWAYS READY 
 
 FOR, ENGAGEMENT. 
 Boatmen, Guides, Drivers, and other Servants of the Hotel are paid ample wages, 
 and are not permitted to solicit Visitors for Gratuities. 
 A Waggonette will run, from lst June to 30th September, between the Hotel and 
 Ross Castle. Fare, 6d, each way. 
 
 +. From MAY to OCTOBER, 
 _ TOURISTS’ TICKETS from. 
 DUBLIN TO KILLARNEY & BACK 
 
 Will be-issued oe the Trains which run direct to Killarney, at the 
 following Fares, viz.— 
 First Ciass. SECOND CLASS. 
 
 Single Ticket for One Passenger . .£2 10 0 £2 0 
 Do. Two Passengers 410 0 312 0 
 Do. Three ,, : Reet GO bY 270 
 Do. Four ™ ‘ 87:0-26 then 
 Do, Five... 5; Z 9.7, 8 7 10.0, 
 Do. Six - «> 1070,0 & 8 Q 
 Do. Seven.._,, . . divedanG 9.2.0 
 Do, Hight. ,, ~ > 12+. 03-0 912 0 
 
 AVAILABLE FOR RETURN ON ANY DAY 
 WITHIN ONE CALENDAR MONTH. 
 
 The time of these Tickets can be extended upon. the terms stated in the Company’ 8 
 Tourist Programme. . 
 N.B.—Tickets to KILLARNEY can be obtained during the Tourist Season at the 
 ‘principal Stations on the London and North-Western, Midland, Great Western, Lanca- 
 shire and Yorkshire, Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire, North Staffordshire, 
 “Caledonian, and North British Railways, and Railways in Ireland. 
 - KINGSBRIDGE, DUBLIN. 
 
100 STEAMERS. 
 INTERESTING TO TOURISTS. 
 
 PLEASURE EXCURSIONS 
 BY COACH, STEAMER, & TRAIN, 
 
 During June, July, August, and September 1887. 
 OBAN TO OBAN. 
 
 Via Pass of Melfort, Lochawe, and Pass of Brander, 
 at the base of Ben Cruachan, 
 
 Y Coach leaving M‘Gregor’s Coach Office every lawful day at 9.45 A.M. 
 by way of Lochfeochan, Pass of Melfort, Loch Craignish, Carnasary 
 Castle, and Ford, where Passengers join the Steamer ‘‘ Countess of Breadal- 
 bane” for Lochawe Station ; thence per Train due to arrive in Oban at or 
 about 6.15 P.M. ; or vice versa by Train leaving Oban at 10 a.m. for Loch- 
 awe Station, thence per Steamer ‘‘ Countess of Breadalbane” to Ford, and 
 from Ford by Coach due to reach Oban about 6.15 P.M. 
 Fares for the Round :—First Class, 17s. ; Third Class, 15s. 6d. Coach- 
 driver’s and Guard’s Fees not included. 
 
 Passengers Booked at Coach Office and Railway Station, Oban. 
 SCENERY SURPASSING GRAND. 
 
 SUMMER TOURS IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 GLASGOW AND THE HIGHLANDS. 
 
 (Royal Route via Crinan and Caledonian Canals.) 
 Tourists’ Special Cabin Tickets issued during the Season, 
 
 Valid for Six Separate or Consecutive Days’ Sailing by any of 
 Mr. David Macbrayne’s Steamers, £3. 
 
 THE . MAIL: 
 ROYAL ee. STEAMERS 
 4 =— SB j : 
 CoLUMBA MOUNTAINEER INVERARAY CASTLE 
 IONA PIONEER CLANSMAN LINNET IsLAY 
 GRENADIER GLENGARRY CLYDESDALE LOCHIEL CAVALIER 
 CHEVALIER GLENCOE LOCHAWE HANDA FINGAL 
 GONDOLIER LOCHNESS - . ETHEL ’ MABEL 
 
 Sail during the Season for Kyles of Bute, Ardrishaig, Oban, Ballachulish (for Glencoe), 
 Fort William, Banavie, Inverness, Staffa, Iona, Lochawe, Islay, Tobermory, Portree, 
 Strome Ferry, Gairloch (for Lochmaree), Ullapool, Lochinver, Lochmaddy, Tarbert 
 (Harris), Stornoway, Thurso, etc., affording Tourists an opportunity of visiting the 
 magnificent scenery of Glencoe, the Cuchullin Hills, Quiraing, Loch Coruisk, Loch 
 Scavaig, Lochmaree, the Falls of Foyers, and the famed Islands of Stafta and Iona. 
 
 Official Guide, 3d.; Ilustrated, 6d.; Cloth Gilt, 1s. Time Bill, with Map and Fares, 
 free by Post from the owner, DAVID MACBRAYNE, 119 Hope Street, Glasgow. 
 
STEAMERS. 101 
 
 DUBLIN & GLASGOW STEAM PACKET COMPANY, 
 
 Tur Company’s splendid Saloon Paddle Steamships—Duke of ARGYLL, DUKE of LEIN- 
 STER, LoRD CLypE, Lorp GoueH, and the new Screw Steamer GENERAL GORDON, or 
 other Steamers, are intended to Sail, unless prevented by any unforeseen occurrence, to 
 and from Guascow & DuBLIN, calling at GREENOCK. 
 
 SAILINGS AS PER MONTHLY BILLS. 
 
 GLASGOW to DUBLIN. —Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and every alternate 
 Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Train from Central Station, Glasgow, at 6.30 
 p.m. ; Steamer leaving Greenock about 7.30 p.m. 
 
 DUBLIN to GLASGOW.—Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and every alternate 
 Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. 
 
 Fares.—From Glasgow (including Steward’s Fees), Cabin, 15s, ; Ditto (including 
 Rail to Greenock), 16s. 83d: Return Tickets (available for Six Months), £1:2:6;: Ditto 
 (including Rail to Greenock), £1:5s. Steerage fare from Glasgow, 6s. (including rail to 
 Greenock), 6s. 9d. Return Tickets (available for six months), 10s. (including rail to 
 Greenock), 11s. 6d. Through Express Train (per Caledonian Railway) from Leith at 4.30 
 p-m., and from Edinburgh (Princes Street Station) at.5 p.m. to Greenock in direct con- 
 nection with the Dublin Steamer. Passengers are also booked through from the follow- 
 ing Railway Stations to Dublia, and vice versa, viz.— 
 
 | Return, avail- - » Return, avail- 
 
 Single. able for 2 mths. Single. able for 2 mths. 
 
 Bel. & 8 el. & 3 el. & 3 ch. -& 
 
 Istcl Strage Ist cl. Strage. Ist cl. Strage. Ast cl. Strage. 
 
 era seer. 18.0. & Tai bal I Ne RR a ea Ee 
 
 Atlog Seen Geer to fo | eo 4 re ot Morfars oye 30 0| 13 104! 40 0-| 19 10 
 Arbroath:..| 30 8] 14 83/40 10 | 20 5 ||'Hamilton...;/17 3) °7 43) 27 0] 12 9 
 Aberdeen ..|39 6/18 8 } 51 11 | 25 10 ||\Inverness.../48 6] 23 3 | 73° 2) 48 2 
 Ovieil '.. sas 23: _6m10 74 31 11 | 15 10 ||Leith....... 20 0| 8 6] 30 0; 14 0 
 Callander ..|21 0|] 9 9{]28 91414 8 ||Montrose.../33 6|15 8 | 44 5] 22 1 
 Dundee (W.)| 28 0] 12 11] 37 6/18 7. ||Perth......./24 6] 11 3 | 33 2 | 16° 6 
 Dumfries...|27 9} 12 10 | 42 11} 21 5 ||Paisley..... 16- SF @ @:) 25650 el 6% 
 Dunblane ..}19 10} 8 10 | 27 41] -13 7 |/Stirling..... 19> ON O20 | 20 octets =U 
 
 Edinburgh. .|20 0| 8 6130 0114 0 
 
 Booking Office at Dublin for Passengers—1 EpEN Quay. Chief Office and Stores— 
 71 NortH WALL, DuBLIN. Goods carried at Through Rates from Glasgow and Greenock 
 to Inland Towns in Ireland; and also from a number of the Principal Railway Stations 
 in Scotland to Dublin and Inland Stations in Ireland, and vice versa. Further par- 
 ticulars, Monthly Bills, &c., on application to the undermentioned agents :— 
 
 JAMES LITTLE & CO., Excise Buildings, Greenock, and ' 
 
 HENRY LAMONT, 93 Hope Street, adjoining Central Station, and 
 
 Broomielaw, Glasgow. 
 A. TAYLOR, Dustin, Secretary. B. MANN, Dustin, General Manager. 
 
 LOCH LOMOND 
 
 SALOON STEAMERS. 
 (COMMENCING Ist JUNE.) 
 
 Loch Lomond.—tLeave Battocu Pier, daily about 8.45, 10.30 
 A.M.,;°12.25 p.m., and 5 p.M.. Hzap or LocH on Mondays at 
 6.15 A.m.; daily (except Monday) at 8.30 a.m.; daily at 10.40 
 A.M., 1.20 and 4.10 P.M. | 
 
 THOMAS McLEAN, Manager, 99 MaIn STREET, ALEXANDRIA, N.B.. 
 
102 STEAMERS. 
 
 GLASGOW, BELFAST, BRISTOL, CARDIFF, NEWPORT, 
 AND SWANSEA STEAMERS,. | 
 
 ‘MEDWAY,’ ‘SOLWAY,’ ‘AVON,’ ‘SEVERN,’ ‘PRINCESS ALEXANDRA,’ : 
 
 AIL with Goods and Passengers. from GLascow to BrRisTou via’ 
 BELFAST every Monday and Thursday at 2 P.M.; GLASGow to 
 CARDIFF and SWANSEA every Friday at 2 p.m.; to N®&WPorT every 
 alternate Friday at 2 p.m.. From Briston to Guasaow every Monday 
 and Thursday ; SwANsEA to GLAsGow every. Wednesday ; CARDIFF to 
 GLAsGow every Monday ; NEwporr to.Guasgow every alternate Tuesday. 
 
 Fares (GLascow)—Cabin, 20s. ; Steerage 12s. 6d. ;, Deck (Soldiers or Sailors), 10s. 
 
 », (BEtrast)—Cabin, 17s. 6d.; Steerage, 10s, tqa 
 Returns for Cabin and Steerage issued at'Fare and 4 half available for Two Montus) 
 
 Above Route offers a favourable opportunity for making a pleasant Sea trip to or 
 from South of England, ay i as 
 
 427 Cabin Return Tickets will: be available for return by the Carron Company’s 
 Steamers now running between London and. Grangemouth, or by the London. and 
 Edinburgh Shipping Company’s Steamers from London to Leith, thus affording Tourists 
 a good opportunity of sailing by both East and. West Coast. . Passengers availing 
 themselves of this arrangement, however, will require to pay their own Railway fares 
 between Grangemouth or Leith and Glasgow, and between Bristol and London, or 
 
 pe ana For Rates of Freight and other particulars, apply to 
 
 Mark Wuitwit. & Son, Bristol; M. Jones & Bro., Swansea; E. Taytor & Co., 
 Cardiff; R. Burton & Son, Newport (Mon.); W. E. Witiismgs, Belfast ; D. M‘DotcaLy, 
 
 Greenock; or- WILLIAM SLOAN & CO., 140 Hope Street, Glasgow. 
 ABERDEEN | 
 AND 
 LONDON _g& 
 A Se 
 “Sota” Segareaeesere 
 
 = 
 
 J 
 THE ABERDEEN STEAM NAVIGATION €0.’§ STEAMSHIPS 
 BAN-RIGH, CITY OF LONDON, or CITY OF ABERDEEN, - 
 will be despatched (weather, etc., permitting) from ABERDEEN, and from The Aber- 
 deen Steam Navigation Co.’s Wharf, Limehouse, LONDON, every Wednesday and Saturday. 
 FarEs—including Stewards’ Fees—Private Cabins accommodating four passengers, £6. 
 . Private Cabins, if occupied. by fewer than four passengers, £5. 
 
 Single Tickets—1st Cabin, 30s. ; 2d Cabin, 15s.; Children under 14 years, 15s. and 10s. 
 Return Tickets—available for six months—45s,.and,25s.; Children, 25s. and lds. 
 Notice to Passengers.—The Co.’s steam tender ‘Ich Dien’ will attend the Steamers on 
 
 their arrival in London for the purpose of conveying,Passengers to the Temple Pier, 
 
 Thames Embankment; she willalso leave that Pier one hour before the advertised times of 
 
 sailing, conveying passengers only to the Aberdeen Steamers free of charge. ) Friends of 
 
 passengers wishing to accompany them to the Steamers, may do so on getting written per- 
 mission from the Compmiy’s Agent. Porters will be in attendance to carry the Luggage 
 on board. For further particulars apply to Joun A. CLINKSKILL, Agent, The Aberdeen 
 
 Steam Navigation Co.’s Wharf, Limehouse; and 102 Queen Victoria Street, E.C., 
 
 London ; or to CHARLES SHEPHERD, Manager, Waterloo Quay, Aberdeen. 
 
STEAMERS, 103 
 
 LEITH AND LONDON. 
 
 THE ey tga & EDINBURGH SHIPPING COMPANY’S 
 _ SPLENDID FAST-SAILING SCREW-STEAMSHIPS ~ > - 
 
 - METEOR (New Steamer), 
 
 IONA, MALVINA, MARMION, MORNA, 
 . OR: OTHER OF THE COMPANY’S STEAMERS 
 (Lighted by Electricity), 
 Sail from Psst dog Docx, LEITH, every Wednesday, Friday, and Satur+ 
 . day afternoon ; and from HERMITAGE STEAM WHARF, LONDON, every 
 Tuesday, Wednesday, and Saturday morning. 
 
 For Rates of Freight and Fares, apply to. THomAs AITKEN, 
 -8 & 9 Commercial Street, Leith. 
 
 “CIRCULAR TOURS. 
 
 GLASGOW AND THE OUTER HEBRIDES. 
 
 ONE Week’s Pleasure Sailing by the splendid sea-going Steamer HEBRIDEAN, sailing 
 from’ Glasgow and Greenock on, Mondays for Oban, Mull, Skye; Barra, Uist, btc., 
 affords the Tourist a splendid opportunity of viewing the magnificent scenery of the 
 West of Skye and the Outer Hebrides. 
 
 | N.B.—During the Season special trips are made to the far-famed island of St, Kilda, 
 wien passengers are given facilities for landing ; also to..Loch Rony, from which the 
 Druidical remains at Callernish may be visited. 
 
 Time pea Maps of Route, Cabin Plans, and Berths secured at 
 JOHN M‘CALLUM & CO., 12 Ann 8t., City, Glasgow. 
 
 ‘GLASGOW AND THE HIGHLANDS. 
 . WEEKLY CIRCULAR TOUR. 
 
 HE Favourite Steamer DuNARA’CasTLE ‘sails from Glasgow every Thursday at 12 
 Noon, and from Greenock ‘at 7. P.t., for Colonsay, Iona, Bunessan, Tyree, ‘Barra, 
 Uist, Skye, and Harris, returning to Glasgow on Wednesdays: Affords to Tourists the 
 opportunity of about a week’s comfortable Sea Voyage;-andiat:the same time.a RAROE- 
 amie View of the magnificent scenery of the Outer Hebrides. 
 CABIN Fare (superior sleeping accommodatiou), 45s. 
 
 CUISINE (excellent)—Breakfast,. 2s.; Dinner, 2s. 6di.;. Tea, 2s. 
 Time Bills a Maps) and Berths secured. on application to 
 
 MARTIN ORME, 20 Robertson Street, Glasgow. 
 
104 STEAMERS, 
 TO TOURISTS. 
 LEITH AND ABERDEEN TO NORWAY. 
 FULL particulars (and Hand-Book, 6d.) of the Zowrist Service 
 by the Splendid New Steamship St. SUNNIVA to the West Coasts 
 
 and Fiords of Norway may be obtained at the paces) men- 
 tioned below. 
 
 STEAM FROM LEITH TO ABERDEEN, 
 CAITHNESS, ORKNEY, AND SHETLAND. 
 
 Tuer North of Scotland and Orkney and Shetland Steam Navigation 
 Company’s Royal Mail Steamships ‘“‘Sr. Rognvaup,” ‘Sr. Maenus,” 
 ‘Sr. Nicnoas,” ‘‘St. Crate,” and ‘‘ QUEEN,” sail from ALBERT Dock, 
 Leith, to Societe 
 
 ABERDEEN . ; ‘ ‘ é Four times a week. 
 CAITHNESS . ‘ : ; ( Twice a week. 
 ORKNEY AND SHETLAND ., ; Three times a week. 
 
 Special Tourist Tickets during the Season. 
 
 Bills of Sailings, Plans of Cabins, Maps of Routes, Guide Books, etc. 
 to be had on application to CHARLES MERRYLEES, Manager, Fes pa . 
 or GrorGE Hovurston, Agent, 64 Constitution Street, Leith, and 18 
 Waterloo Place, Edinbur gh. 
 
 Berths secured at 18 Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. 
 
 CHEAPEST AND SHORTEST ROUTE BETWEEN 
 
 ENGLAND AND NORWAY. 
 
 May to September. 
 [HE fast, first-class Norwegian Royal Mail Steamer Norge, 920 tons gross register, 
 
 Captain F. WIESE, leaves Newcastle- on-Tyne for Bergen every Thursday evening 
 at 7 o'clock, and leaves Bergen for Newcastle every Saturday evening at 9 o'clock. 
 A SpeciaL STEAM TENDER Conveys passengers and their luggage to’'and from the Norge, 
 and leaves the Ferry Landing at Newcastle Quay:(5 minutes’ drive from the Station) 
 every Tuesday at 6 p.m. 
 
 ARES :—First Class, £3; Return £3. Including all meals and Steward’s fees 
 (wines, etc., extra). Average passage, 6hours. For Passage, Freight, or other informa- 
 tion, apply to P. G. HALVORSEN, Bergen, owner; or to the Agents, 
 
 BORRIES, GRAIG, & Co., Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
 
STEAMERS, 105 
 
 “ANCHOR LINE.” 
 
 Transatlantic, Peninsular, Mediterranean, and Oriental Steamships. 
 
 Tons. Tons. | Tons. Tons. 
 *AcapIA. 1081 Bontvia . 4050:| Exysta §.. 2713) OLympra’ |. | '2051 
 Aiexa ee: 2017 | Brrrannta . 3069| Ernropra 4004] Prersta . 3547 
 ALSATIA~ .* 2810] CaLtEponta. 2151) Express . ‘| ROUMANIA 3387 
 AncHoRIA 4167 |CatirorRNIA 3410|Furnessta 5495.|*ScoANDINAVIAL138 
 ARABIA . 3544] Crroassta’ . 4272) *HespERIA 3037 | SHAMROCK 
 ARMENIA. 83951 Orry or Rome 8415’; Hispanta 8380] *Smponzan_ .. 1382 
 ASIA . 8560} CoLumBia . . 2029 InpIA .... 2476 | THREE BROTHERS 
 ASSYBIA». 2022 | DespatcH Jratia . »2248| *Trinacria 2256 
 AusTRALIA 2252|Drvonta  . 4270 | *Karamanta3148|*Tyrian . 1039 
 Betaravia 4976! DorRIAN . 1038) Noupra §. 3551| Utropra 2781 
 * Do not carry Cabin Passengers. VICTORIA 3358 
 
 GLASGOW TO NEW YORK, Via MOVILLE, 
 
 Every THursDAY. GREAT REDUCTION IN. FARES. 
 Fares to NEw York, BosTon, or PHILADELPHIA—First Class, £9: 9s. to £12 12s. ; 
 *o” Second Class, £6: 6s. ; Steerage, at Lowest: Rates. 
 
 LIVERPOOL TO NEW YORK (EXPRESS SERVICE). 
 
 Carrying the British and American Mails. 
 18'S. CITY OF ROME, 8415 Tons—1ith May, 8th June, 6th July, 3d ‘Aug., 3lst Aug., 
 and 28th. Sept. First Class, 12 to 25 Guns. Second Class, £7; Steerage, at Lowest 
 
 Rates. 
 ~ MEDITERRANEAN SERVICE. 
 
 Glasgow for Lisbon, Gibraltar, Genoa, Leghorn, Naples, 
 Messina, Palermo, and Trieste, Fortnightly.. 
 _ RATES OF PASSAGE. 
 
 CABIN Fare—Glasgow to Lisbon, £6: 6s. ; Gibraltar, £8:8s.; Genoa, £12:12s.; 
 Leghorn, £13:13s.; Naples, £14: 14s.; Trieste, £16:16s.; Messina, Catania, or Palermo 
 (via Italy), £16:16s. Passengers are found in a Liberal Table, and all necessaries, 
 except Wines and Liquors, which can ibs had on board at moderate lien No 
 
 Steward 4 Fee, 
 INDIAN SERVICE. 
 
 Steamers are Despatched from Glasgow and Liverpool, 
 to Bombay and Calcutta (via Suez Canal) at regular intervals, 
 carrying Passengers on the most advantageous terms, 
 
 Passage Money to Calcutta, £50; to Bombay, £47 :10s. 
 embark at Liverpool. 
 
 Apply to HenprRson BroruHers, 20 Mount Stuart Square, Cardiff ; 1 Panmure Street, 
 Dundee ; 17 Water Street, Liverpool; 57 Union Street, Glasgow ; 30 Foyle Street, 
 Londonderry ; Scott Square, Queenstown ; 3 Rue Scribe, Paris; 2 Rue Noailles, 
 Marseilles ; Gibraltar ; Trieste ; Vienna; 7 Bowling Green, New York ; 7 and 9 State 
 Street, Boston ; 48 South Clark Street, Chicago; J.C. Baines, Antwerp } “WILLIAM 
 MILER, Leghorn ; CHARLES FIGoLt, Genoa’; Masca RENHAS & Cov, Lisbon; CLEMENS 
 & PETERSEN, Malaga ; ; The: Sons of "Tos. HAvNEs, Cadiz; Wm. JAFFRAY, “Almeria ; 
 Dart & Co., Valencia and Denia ;:O.:F./GoLLcHER, Malta; O. Di BENEDETTO, Catania ; 
 F, TAGLIAVIA & Co., Messina ; Home & Co., Naples ; G. L, Top, Palermo ; Macquay, 
 Hooker, & Co., Rome; J.-D. WAAL, Rotterdam ; W. Wourr, eRe aes oe Hamburg; 
 CHARLES, DE’ Mixest, "Venice : WwW. & A. GRAHAM & Co.,. Bombay ; Granam & Co., 
 Calcutta ; A LM BeIp, & Co,, Colombo ; Bazin & Co., ’ Port Said ; G. Bryzrs.& Co., 
 Suez ah, is , HENDERSON, BROTHERS, 
 
 All Passengers 
 
 47 Union Street, Glasgow, 
 
106 STEAMERS—MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 GRANTOR 
 FAROE ISLES AND ICELAND, 
 
 HE ROYAL DANISH MAIL STEAMERS “ LAURA,’ ® THYRA, Pe dna ee ROMNY, ; 
 will sail as under during 1887 :— 
 Granton to Faroe and Iceland,—1l0th* May, 1st* June, 18th June, 5th* July, 
 21st July, 6th* Aug., Ist* Sept., Ist Oct., 10th Nov. 
 Iceland to Faroe and Granton.—3d* Jt une, Ist* J uly, 29th June, 31st*’ July, 
 5th Aug., 28th* Aug.;:24th* Sept., 19th Oct.; 29th Nov... © 
 * These Voyages the Steamers sail round Iceland, calling at the Chief Ports, 
 For Freight or Passage apply to 
 GEO. V. TURNBULL & CO., “heith and Granton, 
 Agents for the United Steamship ‘Company of Copenhagen. - 
 
 STEAM BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND ICELAND. 
 
 NOTICE TO TOURISTS, ANGLERS, & SPORTSMEN, 
 Tue. First-Class Screw Steamship $4 CAMOENS, » 1264 
 Tons Register, 170 H.P., or other Steanier, will leave 
 LEITH for ICELAND (unless prevented by unforeseen 
 PS SSS. circumstances) regularly, during the Summer ‘and 
 
 ienan: affording Tourists, Anglers, and Sportsmen-an excellent opportunity of visit- 
 ing that ‘interesting Country, its Geysers, Burning Mountains, famous Salmon Rivers, 
 Reindeer Grounds, &e. 
 
 The 8.8. ‘‘CAMOENS” is a full- powered, fast: Steamer, with superior Passenger 
 accommodation ; has spacious Saloon, Ladies’ Cabin, State Rooms, and Smoke Room. 
 ’- First CaBin, £5 ; RETURN TICKET (available. for the Season), £8. Separate State 
 Rooms may be ‘had by special agreement: For Sailing Bills, Plans of Cabin (Guide 
 Books, 5s. and 1s.),.and further. information apply to R. & D..SLIMON, Leith. 
 
 FRY’S COCOA. 
 
 ASK YOUR AND COPY — 
 
 GROCER FOR radio | 
 SAMPLE’ TESTIMONIALS, 
 
 TRADE MARK. 
 
 FRY’S PURE CONCENTRATED. COCOA 
 
 Prepared by a newvand special scientific process, securing extreme solu and 
 developing the finest flavour of the Cocoa. 
 Sir €. A. Cameron, M.D., President of } W. H. R, STANLEY, M.D.—‘T consider 
 the Royal College of Surgeons, Treland, etc. | it’a very rich’ delicious Cocoa. Its highly 
 —‘Thave never tasted Cocoa that I like so | Concentrated, and_ therefore economical 
 well, and I strongly recommend it as a’'| asafamily food. Itisthe drink par excellence 
 substitute for tea for young persons.’ for children, and gives no trouble in making.’ 
 
 33 PRIZE MEDALS AWARDED TO THE FIRM. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 107 
 BERTHON 
 PORTABLE BOATS AND CANOES, 
 
 or Yacht and Steam Launch Dinghies, Fishing. and 
 Aint Shooting Punts. 
 
 A “LARGE VARIETY AT THE NEW LONDON SHOW. ROOM 
 
 50 HOLBORN VIADUCT, E.C. 
 
 "7.ft, Fishing Boat, Price £8: 2s. Complete. 
 
 14 Prize Medals awarded, including 2 Gold Medals and 
 Special Prize for Best Portable Boat at the International 
 Fisheries Exhibition, 1883, and Gold Medals at the Calcutta 
 
 International Exhibition, 1884, and Edinburgh Exhibition, 
 1886. A 
 
 MLUSTRATED CATALOGUES AND PRICE LISTS FREE ON APPLICATION. 
 
 Dinghies<tnd Canoes fitted with centre boards for sailing 
 now on view at the London Depot. a 
 
 BERTHON BOAT COMPANY, LIMITED.—WORKS: ROMSEY, HANTS. 
 
108 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 ce! Avpoinien to #. LR, HZ. ie 2 Eines oF iA hor 
 
 AND STRONG DRESS. BASKETS, 
 37 WEST STRAND, LONDON. 
 NEW ILLUSTRATED; CATALOGUE OF bide BLE AND PATENTED ARTICLES, POST FREE, 
 
 ALLEN’S CONTINENTAL 
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 VERY LIGHT AND STRONG. 
 
 Extra Secure Lock. 
 
 ALLEN’S EXPANDING 
 PORTMANTEAU contains == 
 
 Separate division for Boots. 
 ae +3 for Soiled 
 Linen. 
 a5 45 for Shirts. 
 9 My for High 
 Hat, etc. 
 
 Will go under Railway Seat or 
 Steamer Berth. 
 
 ALLEN’s. BAGS, 
 FITTED AND UNFITTED. 
 
 Write for Catalogue of these 
 well-known Bags. 
 
 ALLEN’S 
 Overland Trunks. 
 
 From 30s. 
 
 AN IMMENSE STocK 
 TO SELECT FROM. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS, 109 
 
 MOURNING FOR FAMILIES. 
 
 JAY'S 
 
 experienced 
 DRESSMAKERS 
 and 
 MILLINERS 
 travel to any part of the 
 Kingdom, 
 free of expense to 
 purchasers. 
 They take with them 
 dresses 
 and millinery, besides 
 patterns of Materials, 
 at 1s. per yard and 
 upwards, 
 allmarked in plain figures, 
 and at same price as if 
 purchased at the 
 Warehouse, in Regent-st. 
 Reasonable estimates are 
 also given for 
 Household Mourning, 
 at a great saving to large 
 or small families. 
 Funerals at stated charges 
 conducted in London 
 or Country. 
 
 J AY 51 The Sa Mourning avarebeusey 
 9 : REGENT STREET, LONDON, Ww. 
 
110 MISCELLANEOUS, 
 NOW READY. 
 
 THE TARTANS OF THE CLANS OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Portrait in colours of His Roya Hicguness THe DuKE or RotuHeEsay in Highland 
 Dress (Evening Costume), by J. B. M‘Donatp, R.8.A. Preface. Historical Account 
 of each Clan, by JAMes Grant, Author of The Romance of War, &e. Armorial Bearings 
 of the Chief of each Clan, illuminated in Gold and Colours. The Badges, War-Cries, 
 and Marches of the Clans. Map of the Highlands of Scotland divided into Clans. 
 
 LIST OF TARTANS REPRESENTED. 
 
 Buchanan. Gunn. MacIntyre. Menzies. 
 Cameron, Erracht. Jacobite. MacKay. Monro, 
 Cameron, Lochiel. Lamond. MacKenzie. Murray, Athole. 
 Campbell, Argyll. Leslie. MacKinnon, Murray, Tullibar- 
 Campbell, Breadal- | MacAlister. MacLachlan, dine. 
 
 bane. MacAulay. MacLaren. Ogilvie. 
 Campbell, Cawdor. MacDonald. MacLean of Duart..| Rob Roy. 
 Campbell, Loudoun. |.MacDonald, Clan- | Maclaine of Loch- | Robertson. 
 Chisholm. ranald. buie. Ross. 3 = 
 Clergy. MacDonald, Glen- | MacLeod. Skene, — 
 Colquhoun, garry. MacNab. Sinclair. 
 Cumin. MacDonald, Slate. | MacNaughton. Stewart, Dress. 
 Drummond. MacDonald, Stafia. | MacNeil. Stewart, Hunting. 
 Farquharson. - MacDougal. MacPherson. Stewart, Old. 
 Fergusson, MacDuff. MacPherson, Hunt- Stewart, Prince 
 Forbes. MacFarlane. ing Charles. 
 Fraser. MacGillivray. Maceearte, Stewart, Royal. 
 Gordon. MacGregor. MacRae. Sutherland, 
 Graham. MacIntosh. Malcolm. Urquhart. 
 Grant. MacIntosh, Chief. Matheson. 
 
 CONDITIONS OF PUBLICATION. 
 
 The Work, in Imperial Quarto, is Full-Bound Cloth, having the Royal Arms of Scot- 
 land illuminated in metals and colours. Of this issue there are 900 copies, and the 
 price £2:2s. An Edition de Luxe is published in Imperial Folio, limited to 100 copies. 
 In this edition the Tartans are mounted on tinted Boards and varnished ; the volume 
 is Full-Bound Morocco, Gilt. Each copy is numbered and signed by the hapesaa 
 The price is £8 : 8s, 
 
 Reviews. 
 
 ‘‘Sumptuous in outward appearance, finished with exquisite taste inside, and full 
 withal of sound historical information, at once curious, interesting, and accurate, no 
 such work concerning the ‘ Garb of Old Gaul’ has ever been issued at all approaching 
 in beauty or accuracy to the magnificent folio just sent out by the old and enterprising 
 firm of Messrs. W. & A. K. Johnston of Edinburgh.” —Glasgow Herald, 26th January 1886. 
 
 ‘Both outwardly and inwardly—binding, letterpress, and illustrations—it is, in 
 truth, a splendid volume, the most sumptuous, we should be disposed to say, and ex- 
 quisitely finished in its every possible detail, that has ever issued from the Scottish 
 press.” —Oban Times, 6th February. 1886. 
 
 ‘*Messrs. W. & A. K. Johnston have published a large and handsome work on the 
 Clan Tartans of Scotland, which leaves little to be desired in the matter either of the 
 engraved and coloured plates or the accompanying letterpress. The skill, beauty, and 
 delicacy displayed in the illustrations, and the great taste and effectiveness of the large 
 majority of the patterns can be freely commended. ”—_The Scotsman, 26th February 1886. 
 
 “‘Preciseness in such a matter is, of course, all important, and the great merit of 
 Messrs. Johnston’s volume will consist in fixing, in a permanent form, the exact 
 patterns and colours of the historical Tartans of Scotland, for the use of present and 
 future generations.”—The Bookseller, 6th January 1886. 
 
 ‘Nothing can excel the accuracy and beauty with which the cloth, both in colour 
 and texture, has been imitated in these plates. Hach plate, moreover, is accompanied 
 by a few notes on the clan to which the particular tartan appertains.” —Chambers's 
 
 Journal, 8rd March 1886. 
 W. & A. K. JOHNSTON, 
 EDINBURGH: EDINA WORKS, EASTER ROAD, AND 
 16 SOUTH ST. ANDREW. STREET... == 
 LONDON: 5 WHITE HART STREET, WARWICK LANE, E. C. 
 1886. 
 
_ MISCELLANEOUS. 111 
 
 THE SUMMER SUN. 
 
 Ladies playing tennis, boating, (sete di driving, and all exposed tx, 
 the scorching rays of the sun an feats particles of dust, will find 
 
 4 ROWLANDS’ 
 KALYDOR 
 
 most cooling, soothing and refreshing to the face, hands and arms; it 
 eradicates freckles, tan, sunburn, stings of insects, roughness, redvess, 
 etc.; renders the skin soft, smooth and white, and produces a beautiful 
 and delicate complexion ; it removes the baneful effects of sea bathing on 
 the skin; it is warranted free from mineral or poisonous ingredients, or 
 oxide of zinc, of which most cosmetics are composed, and is perfectly . 
 harmless to the most delicate skin, 
 
 ROWLANDS’ MACASSAR OIL prevents 
 
 the hair falling off or becoming dry during summer. 
 
 ROWLAN DS’ ODONTO is a pure, fragrant, 
 
 and non-gritty tooth powder. Ask for ROWLANDS’ articles, of 
 20, Hatton Garden, London. Sold everywhere. 
 
 ROWLANDS’ KALYDOR can now be had in bottles of half the usual size at 2s. 3d. each. 
 
 a 
 
 'f 4 
 
 TO HER MAJESTY. 
 
 ALFRED BURGOINE, 
 
 Yacht, Steam Launch, Boat, and Canoe Builder, 
 High Street, Kingston-on-Thames, and Hampton Wick. 
 
 GOLD AND BRONZE MEDALS, FISHERIES, 1883. 
 SILVER MEDAL, INVENTIONS, 1885. 
 GOLD MEDAL, EDINBURGH, 1886. 
 
 GOLD MEDAL, GLASGOW, 1886-7. 
 
 By Special Royal Appointment. 
 
 SPEARMAN’S DEVON SERGES. 
 
 PURE WOOL ONLY. FOR ALL SEASONS OF THE YEAR. 
 PLAIN COLOURS, CHECKS, AND MIXTURES. STRONG! USEFUL! DURABLE! 
 
 For Ladies’ Wear . . 4 1s. 6d. to 4s, 6d. the yard. 
 For Gentlemen’s Suits ' s 2s. lld. to 10s. 6d. the yard. 
 
 On Receipt of Instr edons Samples will be sent Post Free. 
 G B.—Any length cut and carriage paid to principal stations in the United Sagas 
 ONLY ADDRESS—NO AGENTS: 
 SPEARMAN... SPEARMAN. 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
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 “109P ST $1 4BY} WOT0[AUOO ULIY 8 UIOIy OIaATOads 
 
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 wioy r0q}30 AUB pe JeAeu oAwy OAK SI 
 
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 = SANMOUE SITIOD FNC 
 
 . Browne coined the word Chlorodyne wherewith to 
 designate his discovery, consequently to apply the word 
 to other compounds is as dishonest as it is absurd. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS, 113 
 
 SUPERIOR 
 
 ep ake DCI fs 
 Five ©° Packet 
 | perPost, For vas 
 
 ag Obtainable: fors . Vf a 
 > Infants-or-Invalids Wa, # 
 | _ being-lighters: \ As 
 
 ) VA “ 
 \ ei a 2%, others. ye, 
 
 PAU  qwooistincr KINDS: 
 ‘7 G} THlNonWarerarcaxes 
 oy Pen Tin. THICKonBurren QATCAKES. 
 
 | 
 
114 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 CANTRELE AND COCHRANE’S 
 
 WORLD-RENOWNED TABLE WATERS. 
 
 London 
 street, 
 
 | Oxford St., 
 W. 
 
 y 
 
 Manufacturers by Special Appointment to 
 H.R.H. the PRINCE of WALES. 
 
 PPSSSSP OS OSS POSOPOPOS 
 
 XA7ORKS:-DUBLIN & BELEAST. 
 
 Manchester, 1887. 
 co 
 cD 
 “= 
 om 
 - 
 
 Sole purveyors for Belfast Waters 
 
 to the Royal Jubilee Exhibition, 
 “MODSVID “LS AWUUMAS SS FIG 
 PUBTIOOYG LOZ yodeq 
 
 P. & J. HAGGART, 
 BREADALBANE MILLS and KELTNEY BURN MILLS, ABERFELDY, N.B., 
 
 Manufacture HOME-GROWN WOOL into their well-known make of BREADALBANE 
 DEER-STALKING and other TWEEDS in stylish checks, and a variety of HEATHER 
 MIXTURES, suitable for Moor or Loch, and every-day wear. They also manufacture 
 LADIES’ COSTUME TWEEDS, in Saxony or Home Wools. Winceys, Petticoat Stuffs, 
 Genuine Scotch Blankets in Highland and Cheviot Wools, Bedcovers, Crumbcloths or 
 Druggets (72 in. wide), in plain gray or fancy checks, made up to any size required. 
 Sheeting. Plaiding. The correct sets of the leading Clan Tartans for Kilting or Ladies’ 
 Dresses, in Cheviot and Saxony Wools. Plaids. Travelling Wraps in Tweed-Patterns, or 
 Clans. Reversible Wraps. Socks and Knickerbocker Hose, hand-knitted, to size ; Home- 
 spun Stocking Yarns in marls, mixtures, and native dyes. Caps and Hats of Home-spun 
 
 Tweeds. ANY LENGTH CUT, SUITOR DRESS LENGTHS BY PARCELS POST, PATTERNS ON APPLICATION, 
 
 ORIGINAL MANUFACTURERS, 
 
 ARTISTIC WALL-PAPERS., 
 
 GUARANTEED FREE FROM ARSENIC, 
 
 Show Rooms: 110 High Street, Manchester Square, 
 London, W. (Sole Address,) 
 
 Of all Decorators and Contractors. Seventeen Medals, including Gold Medal, 
 International Health Exhibition. 
 
 N.B.—Especially adapted to Mansions, Institutions, and Hotels, 
 
INSURANCE—MISCELLANEOUS. 119 
 
 Laneashire Insurance Company, 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 HEAD OFFICE FOR SCOTLAND: 
 133 ‘WEST GEORGE STREET, GLASGOW. 
 
 SCOTTISH BOARD: 
 Chairman—Cou. MATHESON, C.B., Glasgow. 
 ALEX, FRASER, Esq., Provost| ALEx. Crum, Esq., Thornlie-; Ricuarp Kinston, Esq., Glas- 
 of Inverness. nk, gow 
 Dav. BANNERMAN, Esq., Glasg.| ANDREW DovGALL, Esq., In-| The Hon. James Kine, of 
 
 HuaH Brown, Esq., Glasgow. verness. Levernholm, Lord Provost 
 D.S. CARGILL, Esq., Glasgow Wo. Forses, Esq., of Medwyn.| of Glasgow. 
 
 and Ceylon. James KeypEn Jun. -» Esq.,| ALEXANDER Ross, Esq., Inver- 
 Henry CowaAv, Esq., Hillhead,| Glasgow. ness, 
 
 Resident Secretary, CHARLES STEWART. 
 
 Edinburgh Office: 12 YORK BUILDINGS, QUEEN STREET. 
 Resident Secretary, FREDERIC J. HALLOWS. 
 
 Inverness Ofice: ACADEMY STREBT., 
 Resident Secretary, C. C. BALLINGALL, 
 
 CAPITAL —THREE MILLIONS STERLING. 
 Annual Income upwards of £800,000. 
 In Imperial Folio, Half Morocco, price 63s. 
 3 BLACK’S 
 GENERAL ATLAS OF THE WORLD. 
 
 A Series of 56 Maps, Geographical Description, 
 and Index of 68,000 Names. 
 
 In Imperial 8vo, Half Morocco, price 36s, 
 BARTHOLOMEW’S 
 GAZETTEER OF THE BRITISH ISLES. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL. 
 
 Containing descriptions of Sixty Thousand places, 
 Illustrated with 29 specially prepared Maps. 
 
 EDINBURGH: ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, 
 
a 
 w 3 eo 
 
 120 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 COX & YEMAN; 
 
 BILLIARD TABLE MAKERS, 
 184 BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S8.W. 
 HIGHEST AWARD 
 _ INTERNATIONAL INVENTIONS EXHIBITION 1985, 
 
 MEDAL, EDINBURGH EXHIBITION. 
 
 CONTRACTORS TO 
 
 ieltammiartchanies Sos viii 
 Hf, ar Ollice Ce ie Ss any. Aymiralty, 
 
 BY APPOINTMENT TO H.R;H. THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH, K.G., 
 , die March et : ; 
 
 PATRONISED BY H.M. THE KING OF SIAM, H.M. THE 
 KING OF SAXONY, AND ALL: THE CHAMPION PLAYERS 
 FOR. 29 YEARS.. 
 
 TABLES AND LAMPS _ 
 Fag Ase penn for India and eee is. codes 
 
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 CHAMPION: OF THE nbn a 
 
BLACK’S GUIDE-BOOKS 
 
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