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 BENCH AND BAR 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 WITH STEEL ENGRAVED PORTRAITS. 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 AMERICAN BIOGRAPHICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY. 
 H. C. COOPER. JK.. & CO.. PROPRIETORS.
 
 H. C. COOPER, JR. & CO. 
 
 PUBLISHERS, 
 
 107 MADISON STREET, 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 I KHISHT a LEONARD .
 
 to 
 
 J 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 THE profession of the Law, when clothed with its true dignity and purity 
 and strength, must rank first among the callings of men. Law rules the 
 universe; "her seat is the bosom of God; her voice is the harmony of the world; 
 all things in heaven and earth do her homage, the very least as feeling her care, 
 and the greatest as not exempt from her power." What comprehensiveness! If to 
 law herself may be applied such language, what may be said of that profession 
 whose work is to formulate, to harmonize, to regulate, to adjust, to administer 
 those rules and principles that underlie and permeate all government and society, 
 and control the varied relations of man? As thus viewed, there attaches to the 
 legal profession a nobleness that cannot but be reflected in the life of the true 
 lawyer, who, conscious of its greatness, and honest in the pursuit of his purpose, 
 embraces the richness of learning, the profoundness of wisdom, the firmness of 
 
 ^ integrity and the purity of morals, together with the graces of modesty, courtesy 
 
 >fq and the general amenities of life. 
 
 To attain the highest excellence, the lawyer must possess the most varied and 
 opposite qualities, and know how and when to use them; with depth and firmness 
 ^ of understanding, there must combine the keenness of acute discernment; 
 learned in the subtleties of legal lore, let him at the same time know men, have 
 tact to deal with them, and be rich in the enlarged beauties of classical learning; 
 besides being a student, he must be able to leave the solitude of the study and 
 adapt himself to the practical affairs and every-day doings of men. It is his to 
 
 p> command the respect of superiors, and again appeal to the weaknesses and infir- 
 <y 
 
 mities of those less favored than himself; in fine, he must be " all things to all 
 
 men." 
 > O 
 
 In preparing this volume the publishers have aimed to fairly and faithfully 
 
 : represent the legal fraternity of Chicago. The. </a/ have been secured as far as 
 
 possible by personal interviews with those whose biographies are recorded, and 
 
 ^ i where these could not, be secured, by interviewing friends and consulting records. 
 
 1 923 1 3
 
 4 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The editorial work has been done by able and experienced writers, and each 
 sketch, before publication, has been submitted for revision and approval. 
 
 While prosecuting their work, the publishers have been aided and cheered by 
 the interest which many of the profession have shown in their undertaking, and 
 thus convinced that the result of their labors cannot but supply an urgent need. 
 That their work is faultless they do not presume; that it will meet with unquali- 
 fied approval they dare not hope; they have honestly and conscientiously per- 
 formed their task, and hope they have done it well. To those who read only to 
 criticise they have no apology to offer, while for commendation they cheerfully 
 submit the volume to the intelligent judgment of a fair-minded, liberal and gen- 
 erous-hearted profession.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 HON. THOMAS DRUMMOND. 
 
 ILLINOIS has many sons whose brilliant genius, splendid achievements and 
 unsullied characters have rendered her name illustrious. Though the brain 
 and the brawn of her citizens have been chiefly employed in responding to the 
 imperative demands of a new state, the pursuits of agriculture, manufactures and 
 commerce, yet their footsteps are found in the domain of statesmanship, of juris- 
 prudence, science, art, theology, oratory, philanthropy and war. In all these 
 directions some of her children have achieved eminence. Among the factors 
 which enter into and compose the state, the most indispensable to its growth, 
 prosperity and permanence is its jurisprudence. This is the very corner-stone of 
 a stable government. It is that which conserves all other forces of civilization, 
 and produces harmony and an equilibrium of apparently conflicting powers. 
 
 In selecting from the many eminent jurists of Illinois that one most illustrious, 
 the name of Hon. Thomas Drummond, judge of the circuit court of the United 
 States, is naturally suggested. 
 
 True there have been more eloquent advocates, more brilliant orators, more 
 polished scholars, possibly more profound students of some department of legal 
 lore; but in sound judgment, in patient industry, in clear conception of the spirit 
 and scope of jurisprudence, in that intuitive perception of right which is almost 
 an inspiration, Judge Drummond has no superior. 
 
 Thomas Drummond was born October 16, 1809, at Bristol Mills, Lincoln 
 county, Maine. His father, Hon. James Drummond, was an honest farmer of 
 Scotch descent, highly esteemed for sound judgment. In the early part of his 
 life he was much of the time at sea, and was for several years a member of the 
 legislature of Maine. 
 
 After having attended the common school of his native town, the young man 
 attended several academies in the vicinity, where he laid a solid foundation for 
 an education, pursuing especially those studies preparatory to a college course, 
 and in 1826 entered Bowdoin College, from which he was graduated in 1830. 
 
 He immediately commenced the study of the law in the office of William T. 
 Dwight, Esq., a son of President Dwight, of Yale College, who was then engaged 
 in the practice of law in Philadelphia. In 1833 he was admitted to the bur, and
 
 6 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 in 1835 removed to Galena, Illinois, where he entered at once upon the practice 
 of his profession. At that time the bar of Jo Daviess county comprised some of 
 the most eminent lawyers in the state, and the young attorney was called upon to 
 measure swords with men skilled in legal contests; but so closely and studiously 
 did he apply himself to his profession, that in a few years he was recognized as a 
 peer of the ablest members "of the bar of Galena. Candid, cautious, thorough in 
 his investigation of facts, exhaustive in his examination of precedents, clear in 
 his analysis of the principles of law applicable to the case at bar, his opinion was 
 eagerly sought and implicitly relied upon in cases of importance. He continued 
 in successful practice in Galena for about nineteen years, during which period 
 his reputation as a sound jurist extended beyond Illinois, and in 1850 President 
 Taylor appointed him judge of the district court of the United States, for the dis- 
 trict of Illinois. When the state, in 1855, was divided into two districts, he 
 became judge of the northern district. In 1854 he removed to Chicago, in which 
 city or its vicinity, he has since resided. 
 
 When first called to the bench, the labors of his position were considered 
 arduous; but the rapid development of the maritime interests of Chicago, the 
 large increase in patent litigation, and the general expansion of the commercial 
 and material resources of the state, caused an immense increase in the business 
 of his court. In addition to presiding in the district court, however, Judge 
 Drummond sat as circuit judge in the transaction of nearly all the business of 
 that court, so that for the last ten years of his occupancy of the district bench his 
 duties were onerous almost beyond precedent. 
 
 In December, 1869, he was appointed judge of the circuit court of the United 
 States for the seventh judicial circuit, comprising the states of Illinois, Indiana 
 and Wisconsin, which position he still continues to hold. 
 
 As circuit judge, he holds court in nine places, three in Indiana, four in Wis- 
 consin, and two in Illinois; but the greater portion of his time is spent in 
 Chicago, where the most important litigation of the Northwest is concentrated. 
 Since the remarkable depreciation in the values of property, resulting from the 
 panic of 1873, and the legislation hostile to the railroad interests in several of the 
 northwestern states, many of the railroads in Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin 
 have been placed in the hands of the United States courts, thus largely increasing 
 the responsibilities and labors of the circuit judge. 
 
 Since the financial crisis of 1873 there have been probably not less than a 
 score of railroads, representing an indebtedness of more than one hundred mill- 
 ions of dollars, in the hands of receivers appointed by the courts over which 
 Judge Drummond presides. Many grave questions have necessarily arisen in 
 connection with the administration of the affairs of these vast corporations, 
 through the machinery of the courts. But here, as elsewhere, so great and uni- 
 versal is the confidence in the intelligence and probity of Judge Drummond, that 
 no one has been found to utter a word of complaint. 
 
 Politically, Judge Drummond was a member of the old whig party, and since
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 7 
 
 the formation of the republican party, he has been in full sympathy with its prin- 
 ciples. Although decided in his opinions, and at proper times frank in their 
 avowal, he evidently feels that the dignity of his position should preclude him 
 from becoming an active partisan of any political creed. 
 
 He was married in 1839 to Delia A. Sheldon, daughter of John P. Sheldon, 
 Esq., of Willow Springs, Wisconsin. Seven children, two sons and five daugh- 
 ters, have blessed their union, all of whom, save one, still survive. The Episco- 
 pal mode of worship seems preferable to him, and with his family he is connected 
 with the congregation of St. James Church, in Chicago. 
 
 For more than a quarter of a century Judge Drummond has occupied the 
 responsible position of judge of a federal court in the great metropolis of the 
 Northwest. He has lived, studied and labored chiefly to discharge the functions 
 of that important office. Into the flowery paths of literature, or the domain of 
 science, art and philosophy, he has not wandered, except so far as it became 
 necessary to do so for recreation, or to illustrate the principles of law and their 
 practical application. He has been ambitious only to administer justice with as 
 little of the increment of error as possible. Clothed with a becoming dignity, 
 but without a trace of personal vanity; courteous and gentle, but never permit- 
 ting undue familiarity; conscientious and painstaking in the highest degree in 
 every official act, with unswerving fidelity to truth, integrity and honor, he has 
 held aloft the even scales of justice himself its very incarnation. Who shall 
 estimate the value to a nation of such a life ? Who shall measure the potency of 
 a character so resplendent ? 
 
 To how many a young lawyer, struggling with adversity, and sorely tempted 
 to descend from the shining heights of professional honor and personal integrity, 
 to the shambles where justice is crucified, and impious hands cast lots for her 
 seamless garments, has the illustrious example of Thomas Drummond been at 
 once an inspiration to good, and a salvation from sin and shame ! 
 
 HON. JOHN M. HARLAN. 
 
 JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN, Louisville, Kentucky, was born in Boyle 
 J county, near Danville, Kentucky, June i, 1833, and is a son of James Harlan, 
 who was a prominent lawyer of the state. He graduated at Center College, 
 under the presidency of John C. Young, D.D., LL.D., studied law with his father, 
 graduated in 1853 in the law department of Transylvania University, at Lexing- 
 ton, under Chief Justice Thomas A. Marshall and George Robertson, and entered 
 upon the practice of his profession at Frankfort in his native state. 
 
 In 1858 he was elected judge of Franklin county and held that office one year. 
 In 1859, when but twenty-five years of age, he was the whig candidate for con- 
 gress in the strongly democratic district of Ashland, and came within sixty-seven 
 votes of an election. In the spring of 1861 he moved to Louisville, where he
 
 8 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 
 
 became associated with Hon. W. F. Bullock, and practiced with great success. 
 The civil war breaking out soon after, he relinquished practice and recruited and 
 organized the loth Kentucky Union regiment, which served under Gen. Thomas. 
 Having served for some length of time in command of a brigade, his nomination 
 for brigadier-general was made by President Lincoln, but at that auspicious 
 period in his military career the death of his venerable father compelled him to 
 forego the flattering promotion, resign his commission and return to civil life. 
 
 In the fall of 1863 he was nominated by the union party as their candidate for 
 attorney-general, was elected by an immense majority, and occupied the office 
 until 1867, when, as the candidate of the same party, he failed of an election, 
 whereupon he returned to Louisville and resumed practice with much success. 
 In 1871 he was unanimously nominated, against his desire, as the republican can- 
 didate for governor, and although there had been considerable falling off in the 
 republican ranks in the north in 1874, he largely increased the party vote over 
 that of the previous election of chief magistrate of the state. In 1875 he was 
 again the republican candidate for governor. In 1877 Col. Harlan was appointed 
 by President Hayes one of the Louisiana commission, on the part of the govern- 
 ment, to bring about an amicable plan for adjusting the unfortunate political 
 status of that state, and the result of the wise and temperate course of the com- 
 mission was a matter of congratulation throughout the country. In 1877 he was 
 appointed by President Hayes an associate justice of the United States Supreme 
 Court, which office he is still filling. In this capacity Justice Harlan has fre- 
 quently held courts in Illinois as part of his circuit, and is accounted by the bar 
 of this state as not only a very able, but also an exceedingly impartial, honest 
 dispenser of justice. 
 
 HON. DAVID DAVIS. 
 
 DAVID DAVIS, Bloomington, Illinois, is descended from Welsh ancestors, 
 who had resided in this country more than a century at the time of his birth, 
 March 19, 1815. The home of his childhood was in Cecil county, Maryland, 
 where he pursued his early education until he went to an academy in Delaware 
 to prepare for a regular classical course. 
 
 Mr. Davis went from the academic school in Delaware to Kenyon College, 
 Ohio, entering that institution in the autumn of 1828. Ohio was then a com- 
 parative wilderness, and for a boy student only thirteen years of age, without a 
 relative to welcome him the prospect was lonely and uninviting. But there was 
 something of the heroic in the native energy of character and firmness of purpose 
 which revealed the man of after life. In 1832, when seventeen, he graduated, and 
 soon afterward chose the law for his profession. The advantages for its study 
 were few in the West at that time, and he started on a long and difficult journey 
 east, reaching at length the old town of Lenox, Massachusetts, to prosecute his 
 studies in the office of the distinguished lawyer, Judge H. W. Bishop. After two
 
 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. I I 
 
 years spent in that office he went to the law school at New Haven, Connecticut, 
 then under the direction of Judges Daggett and Hitchcock, both of whom were 
 known as eminent jurists. Here Mr. Davis enjoyed the excellent legal discipline 
 which had the effect to mould his character into that of a lawyer of clear and 
 accurate knowledge of legal principles and precedents which has since given him 
 his merited prominence. Upon his admission to practice he turned his face 
 again toward the Great West, settling in Pekin, Illinois. This was in the fall of 
 1835. The prevalence of fever and ague there compelled him to leave the place 
 at the end of a year, and he removed to the town which is now the pleasant city 
 of Bloomington, his present residence. Here he began in earnest to lay the 
 foundation of his future success by hard work, which he ever regarded as a better 
 dependence than genius. Shortly after his settlement in Bloomington he married 
 Miss Sarah Walker, of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, who died in November 1879. 
 Mrs. Davis was a fit companion for him, and left many pleasant memories of 
 charity and kindness. 
 
 The proceeds of a considerable fortune were devoted by her to the alleviation 
 of human suffering, and she contributed very much to the success of her hus- 
 band's life. Mr. Davis was an ardent whig of the Henry Clay school, but had no 
 taste for political life. Without solicitation he was nominated for the legislature 
 of Illinois, and elected, in 1844, and to the constitutional convention in 1847. In 
 both positions, especially the latter, he took a leading part. Upon the adoption 
 of the new constitution, in 1848, a new judiciary had to be elected in the entire 
 state. The circuit in which he lived was largely democratic, but Mr. Davis was 
 not a bitter partisan, and by the common consent of the bar and people of his 
 circuit he was chosen judge. Abraham Lincoln was then in the full tide of suc- 
 cessful practice, and visited Judge Davis' circuit, forming with him a life-long 
 friendship. The judge saw from the beginning evidence of inborn greatness in his 
 afterward famous friend. Judge Davis' circuit embraced fourteen of the largest 
 and most wealthy counties of the state. It was before the day of railroads, 
 yet neither rough traveling nor bad weather prevented him from always being in 
 his place ready to proceed with the public business. Soon after his settlement in 
 Illinois he began investing in prairie lands, and laid the foundation of that for- 
 tune which he now dispenses in acts of unostentatious charity. In 1858, when 
 Abraham Lincoln was a candidate against Stephen A. Douglas for the United 
 States senate, Judge Davis supported Mr. Lincoln with great earnestness. Rec- 
 ognized as Lincoln's confidential friend, he was selected delegate at large to the 
 republican national convention at Chicago, in 1860, where his management as a 
 leader was very successful. In 1860 and 1861 he counseled a moderate and con- 
 servative course, in the hope that war might be averted. He formed one of the 
 presidential party to Washington, but after the inauguration resumed his duties 
 on the bench, which he performed until selected with General Holt and Mr. Camp- 
 bell, of St. Louis, to investigate the administration of the department of St. Louis, 
 then under the command of General Fremont and Major McKinstry, during a
 
 12 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 period of the war of the rebellion. In the summer of 1862 a vacancy occurred on 
 the bench of the Supreme Court of the United States, and Judge Davis was 
 selected in the fall of 1862 associate justice. At that time Judge Taney was chief- 
 justice, and between the two there commenced a friendship which continued until 
 the latter's death. Judge Davis served on the bench of the supreme court until 
 February, 1877, when he resigned to accept the office of United States senator 
 from the state of Illinois. 
 
 He met with no opposition to his reelection as judge of the state court, the 
 bar and people both being satisfied with the prompt, impartial and honest dis- 
 charge of his duty. His labors in the federal and state courts extended through 
 a period of twenty-nine years, during which time he adjudicated questions of the 
 highest importance affecting life, liberty and property. His opinion in the cele- 
 brated Milligan case is regarded by the profession as one of the ablest expositions 
 of the rights of civil liberty ever announced by a court. It was criticised unfa- 
 vorably by some, but by the lawyer and the jurist it will ever be regarded as a 
 sound constitutional recognition of the personal and individual rights of the citi- 
 zen. During the first four years of President Grant's administration much dis- 
 satisfaction arose in the republican party, and, as an outgrowth, the liberal 
 movement was organized which assumed form in the Cincinnati convention. A 
 considerable portion of the democratic party and a large number in the liberal 
 cause regarded Judge Davis as a proper candidate for the presidency, he having 
 been nominated by the labor reform party in January 1872. His friends presented 
 his name at Cincinnati, but, owing to certain combinations, he was defeated, and 
 Mr. Greeley became the nominee in the remarkable campaign of 1872. In the 
 Illinois senatorial campaign of 1876 the balance of power was with the indepen- 
 dent party, friendly to Judge Davis; and, after a protracted contest, by a combi- 
 nation of the democratic party with the independents he received a majority and 
 was elected. His term as senator commenced March 4, 1877, with President 
 Hayes' administration. 
 
 Elected by a combination of parties, he has identified himself with none, but 
 has maintained independence, voting for or against measures without reference to 
 party lines. On account of his ability as judge he was selected member of the 
 judiciary committee, in which for more than four years he has been a great 
 worker in the advancement of the public interests. His speech on the Geneva 
 Award bill reported by the committee was regarded as a very able exposition of 
 the law in favor of the underwriters. Judge Davis is not a speech maker, but 
 does a great deal of work in the committee room and in the business detail of the 
 senate. His disposition is to deal with practical questions of legislation, leaving 
 the discussion of mere party politics to others. Upon the reconstruction of the 
 senate at the inauguration of President Garfield's administration, he was tendered 
 the chairmanship of the judiciary committee, which he declined, giving his rea- 
 sons in a speech worthy the better days of the republic. After the death of Presi- 
 dent Garfield, Judge Davis was elected president of the senate, without having in
 
 I :\ t n- 
 
 Wtt '"'
 
 i : ^
 
 THE KENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 13 
 
 any way sought that high honor. In accepting it he informed the senate that if 
 the least party obligation had been made a condition, directly or indirectly, he 
 would have declined the compliment. 
 
 Independent in thought and in action, Judge Davis has never favored the arts 
 of the politician, nor sought to gain any object by devious courses. Upright and 
 straightforward, he has always moved openly on a given line of conduct, and 
 boldly proclaimed his convictions on public questions; hence the universal confi- 
 dence in his integrity of character. Although now over sixty years of age, his 
 mind and body are unimpaired in vigor and health. He resides on one of the 
 most highly cultivated farms of the state, adjoining the city of Bloomington, in a 
 mansion of great elegance and taste. His life has been a great success, finan- 
 cially and officially. 
 
 " How blest is he who crowns in shades like these, 
 A youth of labor with an age of ease." 
 
 HON. HENRY W. BLODGETT. 
 
 HENRY WILLIAM BLODGETT stands prominent among the few men 
 whose personal and public history is inseparably connected with the juris- 
 prudence of Illinois; his sound and clear judgment, his achievements, his upright 
 character, his unremitting labors in ascertaining the right and administering 
 exact justice have contributed largely to the high reputation which attaches to 
 the bench of the United States courts in the Northwest. He commenced practice 
 during the formative period of the substantial jurisprudence of the West and 
 has been one of its most important factors from that time until the present; 
 throughout the period while the great outlines of this jurisprudence were being 
 established and its foundations being laid upon an enduring basis, one may trace 
 the impress of his mind upon every important advance step. Being so important 
 a factor in formulating, and now in administering, he deserves the gratitude of 
 the public, since the jurisprudence is an indispensable element to the growth, pros- 
 perity and permanence of the commonwealth, conserving and harmonizing all 
 other forces of civilization. Without an impartial administration of law and jus- 
 tice no form of popular government can long survive. Judge Blodgett may be said 
 to act with these considerations in view. In the investigation of the many impor- 
 tant cases which come before him he is guided solely by facts in evidence and the 
 law applicable to them. His decisions are impartial, simple in style, lucid and 
 forcible, never sensational, florid or highly ornate; he expresses his thoughts and 
 opinions in a clear and concise manner, not to be misunderstood, and with a pleas- 
 ing diction. His fame rests mainly upon his scholarly attainments and his pro- 
 found knowledge of common and statute law; his more important decisions are 
 monuments of learning and research and have won for him the profound respect 
 of the bench and bar. He is an indefatigable worker and constant student, and
 
 14 THE KEXCII AND RAK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 has great power of concentration, a remarkable memory and a clear and accurate 
 judgment. 
 
 Judge Blodgett was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1821. His parents 
 removed to Illinois when he was about ten years of age; his father was a black- 
 smith, his mother a woman of superior education and refinement. Both were 
 sincere and earnest, and devoted themselves to the correct development and train- 
 ing of their children. When seventeen years of age Henry went to the Amherst 
 Academy one year, whence he returned to Illinois and engaged in teaching school, 
 and subsequently in land surveying until twenty-one years of age. In 1842 he 
 commenced the study of law in the office of J. Y. Scammon and Norman B. 
 Judd, in Chicago, and three years later, in 1845, was admitted to the bar, and 
 commenced practice in Waukegan, Illinois, where he still resides. In 1844 he 
 voted the anti-slavery ticket, and has since been an adherent of the anti-slavery 
 and republican parties, remaining true to the principles and the cause he then 
 espoused. In 1852 he was elected to the general assembly of Illinois, being the 
 first avowed anti-slavery member who ever occupied a seat in that body, and in the 
 following year was elected to the state senate. As a legislator he was one of the 
 ablest and most useful, and was largely instrumental in shaping the legislation of 
 the commonwealth and in promoting the development of the immense resources 
 of Illinois by internal improvements and otherwise. In 1855, and for a number 
 of years subsequently, he was associated with the legal department of the Chi- 
 cago and Northwestern railway, of which he was one of the projectors. He was 
 the pioneer in the building of the then Chicago and Milwaukee railroad, on the 
 lake shore from Chicago to Milwaukee, and was identified with it in the several 
 capacities of attorney, director and president; he procured the charter for the 
 road, and to his influence and personal efforts was mainly due the securing of the 
 money necessary to its construction. Later he was solicitor of the Michigan 
 Southern, Fort Wayne, Rock Island and Northwestern roads, and retired when the 
 business reached such proportions that it was impossible for one man to attend 
 to it. As a solicitor he was regarded as the peer indeed the superior of anyone 
 in the Northwest. During all these years he had been industrious and studious 
 and formed habits which have characterized his subsequent notable career. 
 
 In 1870 he was appointed, by President Grant, judge of the United States dis- 
 trict court for the northern district of Illinios, and holds that position now 
 (1883), discharging the duties of his important trust with signal ability and 
 fidelity. He brought to the bench varied legal learning, a self-gained scholar- 
 ship (for he is essentially a self-made man), wide experience and an eminently 
 judicial mind; his rulings and decisions will live as long as the jurisprudence of 
 the United States courts exists, and his history and name will outlive him. He is 
 a model of benevolence and generosity in all the relations of life, and his deport- 
 ment is characterized by courtesy and unswerving impartiality; magnanimous 
 and pure in private and official life he is a worthy citizen, an upright judge and a 
 true man. His deeds are indelibly written in the history of his time so plainly
 
 THE BENCH AND fi.tK OF CHICAGO. 15 
 
 that all may read. He has turned his abilities to good account in bettering others 
 and developing in himself a noble manhood. Such is an outline of the life career 
 of one who mapped out his own course, guided by the teachings and admonition 
 of a noble mother at the beginning, and inspired and impelled by a noble am- 
 bition to make the most of his powers. How near he has " hewn to the line " let 
 his life work tell, for in this one may find the true measure of his success. 
 
 COL. EDMUND JUSSEN. 
 
 EDMUND JUSSEN was born in Germany in 1830, pursued the classical 
 course of study at the Jesuit College of Cologne, and immigrated to 
 America in 1847. Although he was an accomplished scholar in the Latin, Greek, 
 French and German languages, he did not then understand a word of the English 
 language; settling at Columbus, Wisconsin, he commenced practical life under 
 this disadvantage, a,nd by unaided effort has attained to his present rank among 
 the most prominent members of the Chicago bar. 
 
 When he came to this country in 1847, he engaged in whatever he could find 
 to do to meet his daily expenses, and during leisure hours devoted his time to the 
 acquirement of the English language, and under these circumstances mastered it, 
 and is now an accomplished English scholar. In 1854 he commenced the study 
 of law in the office of William T. Butler, then county judge of Jefferson county, 
 Wisconsin, and upon being admitted to the bar in 1856 returned to Columbus 
 and engaged in practice. During this year he married Antonie Schurz, sister of 
 Hon. Carl Schurz, and has an interesting family. He moved to Madison, Wiscon- 
 sin, in r86o, and formed a law partnership with James Hopkins, subsequently 
 United States judge for the eastern district of Wisconsin. In the fall of 1861 he 
 was elected to the legislature from the Madison district, and was prominent and 
 efficient in that body. In the spring of 1862 he entered the army as major of the 
 23d Wis. Vol. Inf., and took part in the battles of Arkansas Post and Chickasaw 
 Bayou, where he was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of his regiment. He 
 soon afterward resigned his commission on account of physical disability, and in 
 1864 settled in Chicago, and resumed the practice of his profession. Mr. Jussen 
 has been successfully engaged in many important cases of special and public 
 interest, notably the so-called " whiskey-ring cases," the criminal prosecution of 
 Henry Greenebaum for the alleged embezzlement of the funds of the German 
 Savings and German National Bank of Chicago, and others, in the management 
 of which he won the highest commendation and opinions of the bar and the gen- 
 eral public. 
 
 In 1869-71 Col. Jussen was collector of internal revenues for the Chicago 
 district, before the " rings " and schemes for defrauding the government had been 
 entered into, though an attempt was made in that direction upon him. His 
 unwavering integrity, however, and the consciousness of his responsibility
 
 1 6 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 repulsed all such advances, and by reason of the stand which he took, he incurred 
 the ill will of corrupt men, who did not rest until they had secured his removal. 
 He was subsequently an important factor in securing the overthrow and downfall 
 of these conspirators against the internal revenue, in doing which he proved him- 
 self not only a gentleman, a scholar, and an able lawyer, but also an honest man, 
 and a friend of his adopted country. That he was a most zealous and capable 
 officer no one will deny; that he attempted to perform his full duty and protect 
 the government against fraud, and that he was thwarted in this honest and 
 earnest endeavor, subsequent events fully demonstrated. 
 
 Col. Jussen has traveled much, and is a gentleman of varied culture and 
 refined tastes, as well as an earnest and forcible advocate and an able and success- 
 ful lawyer. 
 
 HON. THOMAS HOYNE, LL.D. 
 
 THOMAS HOYNE, one of the foremost lawyers in Chicago, is a son of 
 Patrick and Elleanor M. Hoyne, who were obliged to leave Ireland about 
 the year 1815, on account of troubles in which the father became involved with 
 the British government. They sought an asylum in the city of New York, where 
 our subject was born about February n, 1817. He was the eldest of seven chil- 
 dren, and at a suitable age was sent to St. Peter's Catholic school in that city, 
 where he remained until the death of his parents, that of his father occurring in 
 1829, and that of his mother in 1830. He was left poor as well as an orphan and 
 unfriended. In the year 1829 he became an apprentice to a manufacturer of 
 fancy goods, traveling cases and pocket-books, working in that capacity for four 
 or five years in the city of New York. 
 
 Mr. Hoyne seems to have early had a strong desire for knowledge, and at that 
 period, while still a mere youth working under indentures, he joined what was 
 known as the Literary Association, the membership of which included several 
 persons who afterward distinguished themselves in the literary or political world, 
 notably Hon. Horace Greeley and his associate in the publishing business, Mr. 
 McElrath, Judges Manierre and Daly, Hon. William B. Maclay and the Maclay 
 family, and others. W. B. Maclay was member of congress for several years, and 
 his father founded the Baptist church on Mulberry street as early as 1800. It was 
 with men of this class that he came in contact, and early began to feel the bright- 
 ening influence of their keen intellects. In that society Mr. Hoyne made his 
 debut as a debater, and acquired the happy art of speaking in public. It was no 
 doubt the turning point in life, the first stepping-stone to the stage on which he 
 has acted a brilliant as well as conspicuous part. 
 
 While an apprentice young Hoyne also attended two night schools, in one of 
 which he made a specialty of English grammar and elocution, in the other, of the 
 classics, acquiring a fair knowledge of Greek as well as Latin. For such economy 
 of time and such industry he has since reaped a rich reward.
 
 [>, kv EC Williams I 6ci MY

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 1 9 
 
 At the end of his apprenticeship, in 1835, Mr. Hoyne accepted a clerkship in a 
 large jobbing house for the salary it would afford him to liquidate and pay off 
 the expense of the schools he was attending. In 1836 he commenced the study 
 of law in the office of Hon. John Brinkerhoff, and late in the summer of 1837 
 came to Chicago to join his old and esteemed friend, Judge Manierre, who had 
 preceded him hither two years before, and was serving the public in the office of 
 clerk of the circuit court. His old associate in the New York literary club was 
 not slow in making a place for Mr. Hoyne, whose compensation for clerical ser- 
 vices was ten dollars a week. Mr. Hoyne now found time to devote to study. He 
 took up Latin again; commenced the study of the French language; and for two 
 years attended the meetings of a literary society, in the exercises of which he was 
 an active participant. In the latter part of 1838 he taught a public school one 
 of the first organized in Chicago four months. Soon afterward he resumed his 
 legal studies in the office of Hon. J. Y. Scammon, who became his friend and patron, 
 and was admitted to practice late in the autumn of 1839. Since that date, with 
 the exception of a little more than two years spent in Galena, Illinois (autumn of 
 1842 to December, 1844), Mr. Hoyne has resided in Chicago, and has practiced his 
 profession, making a brilliant record at the Cook county bar, as well as appearing 
 in many cases in the supreme court of Illinois, and the United States Supreme 
 Court at Washington. He has great power before a jury. 
 
 In 1840 Mr. Hoyne was elected city clerk on the democratic ticket, and during 
 most of the time for the last forty years he has taken a deep interest in political 
 matters, sometimes aiding to shape the policy of his party, or furnishing material 
 for congressional consideration. It was Mr. Hoyne who, in 1841, wrote the 
 memorial which was presented to congress asking for increased appropriations 
 for the improvement of the Chicago harbor. In 1870 he was nominated by accla- 
 mation for congress in the Chicago district, but declined to run, when Hon. John 
 Wentworth was nominated in his place and beaten by Hon. C. B. Farvvell. 
 
 Mr. Hoyne held the office of probate justice of the peace in 1847, 1848 and 
 1849 under the old constitution, the office which under the new constitution, 
 which went into effect in the autumn of 1848, took the name of county judge, at 
 which time his court was suspended. 
 
 Mr. Hoyne was an earnest advocate of the Mexican war (1846-47), but on the 
 passage of the " Wilmot proviso," prohibiting the extension of slavery in any 
 territory acquired from Mexico, at the close of the war, he became what was then 
 known as a " free-soiler," and supported' Van Buren and Adams on the " Buffalo 
 platform " in the presidential campaign of 1848, and being a presidential elector 
 that year, "stumped " the northern half of Illinois. He had previously, at a great 
 mass-meeting held in Chicago, as chairman of a committee chosen for the pur- 
 pose, written an able address to the people on the great issues of the day, and 
 that address had a very wide circulation. "It was,"* says one writer, "a bold, 
 
 * See "The Biographical Encyclopaedia of Illinois." Philadelphia, 1875. We are indebted to 
 the same source for other data in this sketch.
 
 2O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 manly and vigorous protest against the further encroachments of slavery, and 
 was designed to affect the opinion of the democratic masses of the state." Mr. 
 Hoyne continued his opposition to the extension of slavery, yet did not break 
 entirely away from the democratic party, and in 1853 received from President 
 Pierce the appointment of United States district attorney for Illinois, which 
 appointment greatly increased his business. He sided with Judge Douglas on 
 the Kansas and Nebraska bills and the bill to repeal the Missouri compromise 
 (1854), and took an active part in the field of debate on the democratic side in the 
 presidential campaign of 1856. Two years later he advocated the admission of 
 Kansas under the Lecompton constitution, in this step taking sides with the 
 administration and against Judge Douglas. In 1859 Mr. Hoyne, without his 
 knowledge or consent, was appointed United States marshal for the northern 
 district of Illinois, taking the place of a defaulter (Charles A. Pine), which office 
 Mr. Hoyne would have declined at once had not Judge Drummond, for the pur- 
 pose of restoring order and discipline in that office, made a special request upon 
 him to accept the place for the short period of the unexpired term of his prede- 
 cessor. In 1860 he superintended the census for the northern district, and was 
 very highly complimented by the superintendent of the census bureau for his 
 faithful services. 
 
 In literary as well as political matters Mr. Hoyne has acted a conspicuous and 
 eminently praiseworthy part. In 1850 he was elected president of the Chicago 
 Young Men's Association, and subsequently had the rare honor of being reelected. 
 When the University of Chicago was founded, in 1857, Mr. Hoyne took a deep 
 interest in the enterprise ; was elected a member of its board of trustees, and 
 continues to act in that capacity ; was a leader and quite active in founding the 
 law department of the University, paying $5,000 into the fund for that purpose, 
 and in September, 1859, in recognition of his valuable services and generosity in 
 this matter, the trustees established a chair in the faculty known as " The Hoyne 
 Professorship of International and Constitutional Law." To Mr. Hoyne also 
 belongs the credit of securing the great Lalande prize telescope for the Univer- 
 sity, and he was elected the first secretary of the Chicago Astronomical Society, 
 which position, we believe, he still holds. He is a life member of the Mechanics' 
 Institute, the Academy of Sciences and the Chicago Historical Society, and has 
 always taken a great interest in building up such institutions. His greatest work 
 in this connection has been in aiding to found and in fostering the Chicago Free 
 Public Library, of which he wrote a long and valuable historical sketch in 1877, 
 and which was published in a pamphlet of nearly a hundred pages. That pam- 
 phlet lies before us, and contains a detailed account of the appeal of Thomas 
 Hughes and his associates in England, made immediately after the great fire of 
 October 9, 1871, to found a new library in Chicago ; the public spirit which that 
 appeal stirred up in the hearts of the enterprising men of this city ; the frequent 
 public meetings held here in the interest of that cause ; the public address of Mr. 
 Hoyne, Mayor Medill and others ; the correspondence which Mr. Hoyne carried
 
 THE BKNCir AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 2 I 
 
 on with the promoters of this enterprise in the old world, etc. Mr. Hoyne's con- 
 nection with that grand work of founding a free public library in Chicago reflects 
 the very highest credit upon his energy, enterprise and truly philanthropic spirit. 
 He was not only one of the originators of this eminently useful institution, and 
 presided over the first meeting called to organize it, but was chosen president of 
 its first board of directors, and still holds that honorable post. He was also one 
 of the originators of the Chicago Bar Association, and was its vice-president in 
 1874, and one of the committee on legal education in 1875. He has recently deliv- 
 ered an address before the association entitled "The Lawyer as a Pioneer," in 
 which he gives sketches of the early Illinois and Chicago bar (1837-1840). It is 
 to be published in book form by Fergus and Co. 
 
 Mr. Hoyne is a man of a good deal of literary taste as well as legal ability, 
 and his intellectual efforts outside the bar and the political arena have attracted a 
 great deal of attention. An address which he delivered before the graduating 
 law class of the University of Chicago in 1869 was pitched on a high key of elo- 
 quence and a truly lofty moral tone, and its stirring appeal to the young men 
 before him to uphold the honor and dignity of their profession could not fail of 
 having a salutary influence on all who heard him. His Fourth of July oration, 
 delivered two years later at La Salle, Illinois, on the " New Departure," was pro- 
 nounced a masterly effort, and its publication and wide circulation raised Mr. 
 Hoyne in the estimation of many as an orator. As a forensic speaker he certainly 
 has but few peers at the bar of Cook county, which has from ten to twelve hun- 
 dred members. 
 
 As already intimated, our subject took an early and deep interest in politics 
 and the welfare of the country, and that interest seems not to have abated. Dur- 
 ing the civil war his patriotism rose to white heat, and no man in Chicago was 
 more earnest in trying to save the Union. He was a very active member of the 
 Union Defense Committee, and wrote the well known appeal to the people of this 
 state. He was on the committee that visited Lincoln to urge a campaign down 
 the Mississippi river in 1862. During that long and trying period of civil strife 
 every emanation from his pen or tongue had the unmistakable and thrilling ring 
 of a true and devoted lover of his country. 
 
 After the war Mr. Hoyne sided with President Johnson against congress, and 
 was a delegate to the conservative convention held at Philadelphia in August, 
 1866. He also supported Horace Greeley for the presidency in 1872, and was an 
 elector that year in the first district. Two years later he acted with the opposi- 
 tion, so called, and aided in drawing up the call of the democratic state commit- 
 tee, issued in this city under the eye of Mr. Hoyne, and embodying a specie plank, 
 free commerce, civil rights and other live issues, and which was received with 
 great eclat by the leading journals of his party. 
 
 July 9, 1875, he delivered an address before the Jeffersonian Club of Chicago, 
 of which he was then president, and on that occasion took the ground that "there 
 is sufficient vital moral force and patriotism in the people to save their free insti-
 
 22 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 tutions." In that address, which he had evidently prepared with great care, he 
 denounced in the strongest terms the tendency to corruption among the politi- 
 cians of the day, and clearly announced his own political tenets, as embodied in 
 the club in whose interests he was speaking. 
 
 Mr. Hoyne has always been regarded as one of the bitterest enemies of cor- 
 ruptionists, and has been a leader in trying to rout them. For this purpose he 
 was brought out as a candidate for mayor in the spring of 1876, and was tri- 
 umphantly elected. An account of this election was published in "The Alliance," 
 of this city, in April, 1881, in a sketch of Mr. Hoyne, under the heading. "The 
 Men who have Built Chicago," and we reproduce it in a condensed form: 
 
 " There was a time when this great city, with all its unexampled growth and 
 prosperity, was in danger of financial ruin and moral bankruptcy. In 1876 Chi- 
 cago was awakened to the fact that she had long been ruled by an unscrupulous 
 ring of thieving politicians, which received its support from a class of the com- 
 munity not unlike that which kept Tweed in power in New York city for so long 
 a time, and saddled that city with a financial burden, and gave its government a 
 notoriety that has passed into a proverb. We say that Chicago was awakened to 
 her danger, awakened only just in time to avert ruin, awakened mainly by the 
 efforts of the man whose name stands at the head of this sketch. 
 
 " H. D. Colvin was mayor of the city at the time. He had inherited from 
 preceding administrations a bequest of debt and bad management, and was 
 hedged about by precedents which he had not the wisdom or energy to set 
 aside precedents involving large running expenses, extravagant appropriations, 
 and a reckless financial policy. His administration began the system of meeting 
 the illegal debt of the city by an equally illegal issue of scrip, but was unequal to 
 the broad statesmanship of immediate retrenchment of municipal expenses and 
 refunding the debt so that it might comfortably be carried. Extravagance and 
 incompetence and rascality threatened the city. Taxation had become too heavy 
 to be borne. The name of Chicago, prosperous and lusty as the city was, was fast 
 becoming a by-word for misrule. It was a crisis in her history. Had the reign- 
 ing state of affairs continued there is no manner of doubt but that some other 
 city would have become the metropolis of the West. Capital and enterprise do 
 not gravitate to any city overburdened with taxation, cursed by misrule and 
 threatened with financial troubles. There is always a man for every emergency, 
 and in Chicago's hour of need Thomas Hoyne came to the front. Through his 
 efforts the Municipal Reform Club was organized, and in a very short time it 
 succeeded in arousing the people to a sense of the dangers which threatened 
 them. An American community, and especially a Chicago community, engrossed 
 with their private business affairs, are slowly aroused to a sense of public danger, 
 but when they are aroused no people in the world act so quickly or so effectively. 
 The Reform Club called a mass-meeting of the citizens in the Exposition build- 
 ing. Nearly 40,000 men, of every political faith, gathered at that meeting, which 
 resolved to take energetic means to abate the growing evil of municipal misrule.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of-' CHICAGO. 2$ 
 
 Mr. Hoyne was, at the meeting, nominated for mayor on a reform platform, and 
 in the election that followed was nearly unanimously elected to the office, he 
 receiving a majority of over 33,000, the largest ever given a municipal chief 
 magistrate in Chicago. There were but eight hundred votes cast against him. 
 Mayor Colvin contested the legality of the election and appealed to the courts. 
 The circuit court, which really had no jurisdiction in the case, decided by a vote 
 of three to two that the election was illegal. Mr. Hoyne could, with every pros- 
 pect of success, have appealed to the supreme court, but as his object was to 
 cleanse the city of corruption, and not to secure honor or place for himself, and 
 as the Colvin administration agreed to resign if another election were permitted 
 without appeal, Mr. Hoyne, for the sake of the public good, assented, and refusing 
 to allow the use of his name, Monroe Heath was elected mayor and Mr. Hoyne 
 retired to private life, after having been de facto mayor for six weeks. But the 
 line of policy marked out by his inaugural address has been followed, not only 
 by his successor but by the doughty Harrison, and Chicago's prosperity and place 
 in the nation is doubtless due to the unselfish and wise action of Mr. Hoyne." 
 
 The wife of Mr. Hoyne was Leonora M. Temple, daughter of the late John T. 
 Temple, M.D., one of the pioneers in settling Chicago, their marriage being dated 
 September 17, 1840, and she being the mother of seven children. The eldest son, 
 Temple S., occupies a chair in Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago ; the second 
 son, Thomas M., is the junior member of the firm of Hoyne, Horton and Hoyne, 
 and a lawyer of much promise ; the third son, James, is cashier of the Germania 
 Savings Bank, and the fourth son is employed with the firm of Culver, Page and 
 Hoyne, of Chicago. Mrs. Hoyne is also the granddaughter of the late Dr. Staugh- 
 ton, the most eminent Baptist divine of this century. He founded Columbia 
 College, at Washington, District of Columbia, and in 1822 delivered the address 
 at Castle Garden, New York, upon the first visit of La Fayette to America after he 
 had aided Washington in accomplishing the success of the revolution. 
 
 GEORGE PAYSON. 
 
 AMONG the distinguished members of the Chicago bar, we are pleased to 
 record the name of George Payson, rich in scholarly attainments, a true 
 gentleman, one of the purest of men and one of the noblest of the profession. 
 He was born in Portland, Maine, in 1824, graduated at Bowdoin College in 
 1843, studied law in New York, came to Chicago in 1856 and commenced the 
 practice of his profession, in which he has continued with unvarying success 
 until the present time (1883), and by which he has gained an eminent and envi- 
 able reputation. Until 1874 he was engaged in a general practice of his pro- 
 fession, but since that time has devoted his whole attention, time and energy to 
 patent law and patent cases, and to-day stands second to no living man as a 
 patent lawyer. Some fifteen or sixteen years ago an association was formed in
 
 24 THE BENCH AND KAK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Chicago known as the Western Railroad Association, which in 1874 retained 
 Mr. Payson as its counsel in all matters pertaining to patents and patent litiga- 
 tion; and from that time to the present Mr. Payson has continued to be actively 
 engaged in defending the interests of the railroads belonging to said association, 
 so far as relates to that particular branch of the law. When that association was 
 formed it was composed of fifteen railroad companies, and its membership has 
 since increased until it now numbers about eighty. 
 
 No client was ever deceived by any advice or counsel given by Mr. Payson. 
 He is very chary in giving an opinion unless fortified by principle and authority; 
 and he is well and thoroughly posted in authorities. Mr. Payson is very popular 
 with the bar. His frank and gentlemanly bearing endear him to his professional 
 brethren. He is thoroughly honest and conscientious in everything. He is ex- 
 ceedingly happy in his presentation of a case to court or jury. With him there 
 is no talk for buncombe; the facts and the law are presented in his own inimi- 
 table manner. His father, Rev. Edward Payson, was one of the most eminent 
 of New England divines, and died in 1827. George, the subject of this sketch, 
 is represented to be very like his father except on the question of religious ortho- 
 doxy. During Mr. Payson's practice he has been a partner of Isaac N. Arnold, 
 William H. King and others. 
 
 In 1857 he married Margaret Codman, a daughter of Randolph A. L. Codman, 
 who, thirty years ago, was recognized as one of the most brilliant and distin- 
 guished members of the Maine bar. Four children have been born of this mar- 
 riage, only two of whom, one son and one daughter, are now living. 
 
 HON. HIRAM H. CODY. 
 
 HIRAM HITCHCOCK CODY, a native of Vernon Centre, Oneida county. 
 New York, was born June n, 1824, the son of Hiram Cody and Huldah 
 (Hitchcock) Cody. His paternal grandparents, Samuel Cody and Susannah Cody, 
 were among the pioneer settlers of Oneida county. The former was a soldier in 
 the revolutionary army; the latter, with pardonable pride, traced her lineage to 
 one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. His maternal grand- 
 parents, David Hitchcock and Mercy Gilbert Hitchcock, formerly of Connecticut, 
 but during many years residents of Hamilton, Madison county, New York, were 
 universally respected for their many virtues. For several generations back his 
 ancestors have all been Christian people, identified with either the Methodist 
 Episcopal or Congregational church. His father was a man of unusual mental 
 and physical vigor, with a good degree of self-culture, and known for his frank- 
 ness and independence in thought and action. His mother was a woman of 
 earnest, decided Christian character, superior culture and refined tastes. Of his 
 four sisters, all of whom were ladies esteemed for their intelligence and excellent 
 traits of character, only the youngest is now living. The eldest and youngest were
 
 
 I
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 2/ 
 
 married successively to his wife's eldest brother, Dr. S. P. Sedgwick, formerly pro- 
 fessor in Bennett Medical College, of Chicago. The second sister was the wife 
 of Hon. E. O. Hills, of Bloomingdale, Illinois, and the third was married to Mr. 
 Samuel Talcott, of Rockton, Illinois. 
 
 His early education was thorough, and was conducted with the design that he 
 should enter the legal profession; and in all his instruction this purpose was kept 
 in view, and being well known to him, made a very deep impression upon his 
 hopes and aspirations for the future. His father, however, determined to remove 
 with his family to the West when the subject of this sketch was about eighteen 
 years of age. This circumstance, though it seemed at the time to interfere 
 seriously with his plans for the future, proved to him a blessing in disguise, by 
 inducing his removal to the West, and settlement in Illinois. 
 
 In 1843, with his father's family, he removed to Lisbon, Kendall county, Illi- 
 nois, whither many of his old townsmen had preceded him. One year later the 
 family settled at Bloomingdale, Du Page county. 
 
 In August, 1847, Mr. Cody removed to Naperville, having been elected clerk 
 of the county commissioners' court of Du Page county. Two years later, upon 
 the adoption of the constitution of 1848, he was nominated by acclamation, and 
 in 1849 elected, the first county clerk of said county, thus serving as clerk six 
 years, during which time, aside from his official duties, he vigorously applied 
 himself to the study of law, and finally, in June, 1851, realized the long cherished 
 hopes of his earlier years, by being admitted to the bar. Upon the expiration of 
 his term of office he went before the convention, and, though a majority of the 
 delegates favored his renomination, he voluntarily withdrew his name, his pur- 
 pose being to retire from public life and devote himself to the study and practice 
 of his profession. Aside from these he has held no offices by virtue of a political 
 party vote. Politically, his views were democratic; but when the voice of trea- 
 son was heard, and efforts were making to sever the union of states, discarding 
 party prejudices, he thought only of his country's welfare. His earnest efforts 
 and eloquent appeals in behalf of the Union cause will ever be remembered by 
 his fellow citizens; and it was to these that Du Page county was largely indebted 
 for her brilliant record made during the war. 
 
 In 1861, in a convention assembled without distinction of party, he was nomi- 
 nated, and afterward almost unanimously elected, county judge of Du Page 
 county. In 1869, at a time when the citizens of his county were nearly equally 
 divided upon the question pertaining to the removal of the county seat, he was 
 the candidate of the anti-removal division for delegate to the constitutional con- 
 vention, then about to be held. The election of 1867 was claimed to have resulted 
 in favor of removal by a majority of about one hundred; yet, notwithstanding this, 
 and also the fact that the vote of his county was three-fourths republican, and 
 the Hon. Thomas B. Bryan, a gentleman well known in business circles throughout 
 the state, and especially in Chicago, was the opposing candidate, Judge Cody was 
 elected by a majority of between one and two hundred. In the convention he
 
 28 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 was one of the most useful members, and his service therein was exceedingly val- 
 uable and efficient. Feeling bound by the will of those who, irrespective of party, 
 had' elected him, no less than by his own inclination, he acted with the small 
 number of independents who, in the convention, really held the balance of power, 
 which they so used, alternating the election of officers between the two parties, 
 that party spirit was more nearly banished from that assembly than from any 
 deliberative legislative body that ever convened in Illinois. In the convention 
 he was chairman of the important committee on revision and adjustment, arid 
 with characteristic energy, vigilance and foresight, so conducted the work of the 
 committee that upon the day, and at the hour fixed for final adjournment, 
 its rep6rt was found complete, something new in the hjstory of such conven- 
 tions. The appreciation of the committee's services was clearly attested by a 
 unanimous vote of thanks, which was the only one of the kind given to any com- 
 mittee during the entire session. Aside from this, the record of the convention, 
 the flattering notices of the Springfield papers, and the personal testimony of his 
 fellow-members, furnish abundant evidence of the ability which he displayed in 
 this responsible and honorable position. Upon the resignation of Hon. S. 
 Wilcox, judge of the fourth judicial circuit of Illinois (composed of the counties 
 of Kane, Du Page and Kendall), in the fall of 1874, the minds of his fellow-citi- 
 zens at once fixed upon Judge Cody as his successor. ^ A district convention for 
 nomination having been called, a mass convention was at once held in Du Page 
 county. About one hundred and fifty of the most substantial men in the county, 
 irrespective of party, composed this convention, which was the largest of its kind 
 ever held in the county. When from this body a delegation comprising men 
 whose personal appearance, superior abilities, and genuine merit, made them a 
 tower of strength, were selected to present the name of a candidate from Du Page 
 county, they needed no formal instructions as to who it should -be, but went into 
 the district convention with a unanimity and moral force that insured success, 
 and secured the nomination of Judge Cody, who, on September 8, was elected by 
 the largest majority ever given in the circuit; every town in his own county giv- 
 ing him a majority. In the three south towns, which had been his home since 
 1847, out of a total of ten hundred and twenty-one votes, ten hundred and seven 
 were cast for him, thus showing that where he was best known his abilities were 
 most highly appreciated. 
 
 During his term as circuit judge, in 1877, the appellate court of Illinois was 
 established, and the counties of Lake, McHenry, De Kalb and Boone were com- 
 bined with the old fourth circuit, forming the twelfth judicial circuit of the state, 
 the law making this change providing also for three judges in each of the thirteen 
 circuits of the state. 
 
 In 1879 a republican convention made a party nomination for judges, the cir- 
 cuit having a republican majority of over twelve thousand, which of course ter- 
 minated Judge Cody's official service, although the people throughout the circuit, 
 without organization in his favor, voted for him in such numbers that he lacked
 
 THE BENCH AND KAR OF CHICAGO. 29 
 
 but about two thousand votes of being reelected. This unexpectedly large volun- 
 tary indorsement of the people, irrespective of party, under the circumstances, 
 gave substantial evidence of popular appreciation. 
 
 Judge Cody immediately formed a business connection^in Chicago, where he 
 has since that time been practicing law, retaining his residence, however, at Na- 
 perville, in Du Page county. The firm of which he is a member, Gary, Cody 
 and Gary, is widely known and stands in the front rank of the profession. 
 
 In the fall of 1880, the democratic senatorial conventioiv for the fourteenth 
 district, against his protest, nominated Judge Cody for state senator, an honor 
 which he peremptorily declined. Soon after this^ in -the same year, lie was unex- 
 pectedly and unanimously nominated a candidate for congress by the democrats 
 of the first congressional district. His professional engagements compelled him 
 to decline this nomination also, and devote himself to the large and continually 
 increasing business interests confided to his care. For the same reason, when the 
 congressional districts had been changed, and in 1882 he was unanimously nomi- 
 nated for the same position in the eighth district, he again declined, though he 
 believed at the time, and his friends insist they now know, that his election was 
 certain. Though he is still called a democrat, he is thoroughly and absolutely 
 independent in his views, taking little or no part in party politics. 
 
 As a judge he was peculiarly free from prejudices, and his thorough investiga- 
 tion of the law, his clear perception, and his careful, deliberate and correct opin- 
 ions have made for him a most enviable reputation. During his whole term as 
 county .judge no appeal was taken from his decisions. When he began his labors 
 as circuit judge, by reason of the illness of his predecessor, there was an immense 
 accumulation of unfinished business. He quietly but persistently discharged his 
 responsible duties, and at the end of his term left all the dockets in his circuit in 
 far better condition than they had been 'for many years. Of the cases appealed 
 during his term more than eighty per cent were affirmed by the supreme court. 
 
 As a lawyer, he has ever been noted for his care and skill, and faithfulness to 
 his clients; possessing fine abilities as a public speaker, his clear voice, distinct 
 articulation, well chosen language and earnest sincerity, rendered him a popular 
 and successful advocate. As a citizen, he is loyal and true, and has been espe- 
 cially faithful to the interests of the community in which he lived. As a man, 
 Judge Cody possesses most admirable qualities; warm and sympathetic in his 
 friendships, courteous, affable, social and genial, he possesses that plain style and 
 matter-of-fact directness of purpose, and that modest and unobtrusive manner, to 
 be expected in one who like him has an utter contempt for all shams and mere 
 pretense. His aim in life has been to unfold his nobler manhood, and to make 
 the highest use of his powers for the benefit of his fellow-men, and this with an 
 unselfishness that his friends are inclined to consider an injustice to himself. 
 
 He was married December 31, 1846, to Miss Philomela E. Sedgwick, daughter 
 of Parker Sedgwick, M.D., formerly of Lowell, Oneida county, New York, but 
 since 1843 a resident of Du Page county, Illinois, where he is widely known as an
 
 30 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 eminent and successful physician. Of his eight sons one is a minister, three are 
 lawyers, and four are physicians. Mrs. Cody is a lady of intelligence and refine- 
 ment, esteemed for her earnest piety and her true womanly qualities, a devoted 
 wife and fond mother. 
 
 They have from early life been members of the Congregational church at Na- 
 perville, in which for a quarter of a century the judge has been superintendent of 
 the sabbath school. Their eldest son, Hiram S., was admitted to practice law in 
 September, 1877, and died in March, 1879, at the age of twenty-four years. Dur- 
 ing his brief practice at the bar he gave unmistakable prom.ise of brilliant suc- 
 cess as a lawyer, while in every other respect his future was equally promising. 
 
 There are remaining three sons and five daughters, constituting a family cir- 
 cle of culture, refinement and intelligence, and making a home in which the judge 
 may well be said to be a contented and happy man. 
 
 Such is a simple outline of his life history, to which little need be added. The 
 character of the positions which he has held is a faithful test of his ability; this, 
 and the substantially unanimous indorsement of an intelligent people with whom 
 he has lived for over thirty years, speak of his genuine merit and worth in language 
 that cannot be misunderstood. In representing the interests of others he has been 
 singularly fortunate and happy, and as a reward of his rare honesty of purpose, 
 his undoubted fairness to opponents, he is the favorite of a whole people. If we 
 search for the secret of his success, we shall find it, not alone in his native abili- 
 ties, but also in his sterling integrity, his loyalty to principle, and his firm deter- 
 mination to be absolutely honorable and manly in all his endeavors. 
 
 HON. JOHN A. JAMESON. 
 
 JOHN A. JAMESON, chief-justice of the superior court of Cook county, was 
 born in Irasburg, Orleans county, Vermont, January 25, 1824. Being now 
 nearly sixty years of age, he is well preserved and vigorous in both mind and 
 body. His father, Thomas Jameson, was sheriff of Orleans county, Vermont, for 
 many years, a member of the constitutional convention, and a prominent man in 
 that county. Being deprived in his early life of the adequate means of gaining the 
 education his ambition coveted, John A. had to rely mainly upon his own efforts 
 in the struggle to attain this object. After completing the usual preliminary and 
 preparatory studies he entered the Vermont University at Burlington, from which 
 he graduated with high rank in the class of 1846; his alma mater has since con- 
 ferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. After graduating he taught 
 school in Canada some four years, and was subsequently tutor in Vermont Uni- 
 versity two years, teaching languages and mathematics. During all these years 
 he lost no opportunity for self improvement. He writes and speaks several lan- 
 guages, and is a man of varied literary attainments. He attended the Dane Law 
 School of Harvard College, and read law at Burlington, Vermont, and was there
 
 TIfF. BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 31 
 
 admitted to the bar. He soon afterward removed to Chicago with his classmate 
 in the law school. Homer N. Hibbard, with whom he formed a partnership. After 
 acquiring the Illinois practice and processes the firm went to Freeport, Illinois, 
 and engaged in practice. A few years later Mr. Jameson, returning to Chicago, 
 formed a new partnership and continued his practice until 1865, when he was 
 elected to the bench of the then superior court of Chicago, a court now having 
 jurisdiction coequal with the circuit court. He has been elected to three successive 
 terms of six years each and always by large majorities, evidencing his popularity 
 and the high esteem in which he is held by all parties in Chicago and Cook county 
 as an upright and just judge. As a lawyer and counsellor, before he was elected 
 to the bench, he ranked among the foremost young men, especially in chancery 
 practice, and he now holds the same relative position among the judges of equal 
 rank in this county. He is now chief-justice of the superior court of Cook county. 
 As a jurist he is regarded by the profession as able and impartial. He brought to 
 the bench a thorough knowledge of law, a wide range of learning and that clear 
 perception of right and justice which is so marked in all the walks of his life. 
 He is candid and cautious, and clear in his analysis of the principles of law and 
 equity, with a broad comprehension of the spirit and scope of jurisprudence, and 
 the independence to decide according to his best judgment of the law and the 
 right. The following is the estimate of him by a distinguished Chicago lawyer: 
 " He is exceedingly diligent and patient in research, and seldom or never, per- 
 haps, relies wholly upon authorities and precedents laid before his mind by the 
 lawyer. The result of this habit of mind is a great encouragement to lawyers 
 having cases before him. There is no court in Chicago where closer or more 
 careful research is made. He is an attentive listener, anxious to hear all a lawyer 
 has to say about his case, does not assume on the argument or authorities pre- 
 sented by the attorney before him, but knows all about the case himself before 
 giving a decision; he is slow to commit himself, and does not jump at conclu- 
 sions; makes no display of his learning on the bench, and has no conceited prid^e 
 of opinion, but will with great promptness correct any errors subsequently dis- 
 covered in his own rulings, and will listen with great patience to get the facts and 
 law. In the consideration of law questions he is entirely uninfluenced by popu- 
 lar opinion, having often decided cases contrary to time honored decisions, and 
 has been sustained by the higher courts. He philosophizes upon the law and 
 evidence, and eliminates from the mass of authorities the real foundation princi- 
 ples, and decides accordingly, giving due weight to the equities of the case. His 
 mind seems to be organized especially for the discussion and consideration of 
 general principles of law, and he is at his best in the trying and deciding of nisi 
 prius cases, which he can fully and carefully examine. He is sympathetic and 
 kind, and protects the rights of the humblest witness in his court, and promptly 
 checks anything like oppression or unprofessional and unfair practice." 
 
 He has been assistant editor of the "American Law Register," and since he has 
 been on the bench has published one of the most valuable works known to legal 
 4
 
 32 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHIC AGO. 
 
 jurisprudence, "The Constitutional Convention; Its History, Powers, and Modes 
 of Proceeding." It bears the evidence of great research and learning, is a stand- 
 ard work and reflects great credit upon its author. When a young man he was a 
 strong and vigorous essayist. He has in later years written and delivered several 
 addresses upon different subjects, which were pronounced by his hearers and the 
 press masterpieces of logic and learning. He is still a student; quiet and studi- 
 ous in his demeanor and habits, and an indefatigable worker on or off the bench. 
 He has been instrumental in introducing many reforms in court practice. 
 
 In 1855 he married Eliza Denison, daughter of the late Dr. Joseph A. Deni- 
 son, Jr., of Royalton, Vermont. He lives in Hyde Park, a suburb of Chicago. 
 
 HON. JOSHUA C. KNICKERBOCKER. 
 
 JOSHUA C. KNICKERBOCKER was born in Gallatin, Columbia county, in 
 J the state of New York, September 26, 1837, and is of remote Holland extrac- 
 tion, although his ancestors, paternal and maternal, were for several generations 
 natives of Columbia and Dutchess counties in the Empire state. 
 
 In the spring of the year 1844 his father, David Knickerbocker, with his 
 family, joined the tide of western emigration, and removed to Alden, in McHenry 
 county, in the state of Illinois, where he settled upon a farm which he continued 
 to occupy and cultivate until his decease, which occurred February 22, 1874, his 
 relict, Susanna Knickerbocker, dying August 12, at the same place in that year. 
 The children consisted of four in number, all of whom survive: Isaac D. Knick- 
 erbocker, who resides on the old homestead in Alden, the subject of this sketch 
 Mrs. Hannah M. Bowman, wife of Prentice Bowman, of La Porte city, Iowa, and 
 John J. Knickerbocker, a well known member of the Chicago bar. 
 
 Judge Knickerbocker was educated in the common schools and at the acad- 
 emy in Alden. In the winters of 1856, 1858 and 1859 he engaged in teaching 
 district schools and in prosecuting his private studies in the more advanced 
 branches of education. Having determined to devote himself to the law, he 
 removed to Chicago in March, 1860, and at once commenced a course of study of 
 the law. In March, 1862, he was admitted to practice by the supreme court of 
 the state, opened an office at No. 14 Metropolitan Block, and at once entered 
 u^ion a remunerative practice. In common with many others, he suffered the 
 misfortune of having his office, including a valuable law library, burned in the 
 great fire of October 89, 1871. He was joined in business by his brother, Mr. 
 John J. Knickerbocker, in 1867, and thus was formed the well known law firm of 
 J. C. and J. J. Knickerbocker, which continued until December, 1877, when it was 
 dissolved by the election of the senior member of the firm to the office of probate 
 judge of Cook county. Judge Knickerbocker was elected supervisor of the first 
 ward of Chicago in 1864 for one year, alderman of the first ward in 1865 for two 
 years, and reelected in 1867 for a like term. In 1868 he was nominated for
 
 tu? VyECWil'-jrs 9 P'
 
 7'ffE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 35 
 
 representative in the twenty-sixth general assembly, and in a close and doubtful 
 district was elected by a majority of more than two thousand. In 1869 he was 
 nominated by acclamation by the republican county convention for county 
 judge, but owing to irreconcilable complications the whole ticket suffered defeat. 
 In 1875 he was appointed by the governor a member of the state board of educa- 
 tion, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of the late Dr. John H. Foster, 
 and in 1877 was reiippointed for a term of six years. While at the bar Judge 
 Knickerbocker devoted himself largely to probate business, a department of the 
 law to which he had devoted much study and which was congenial to him, and 
 in October, 1877, he was nominated for the important office of probate judge of 
 Cook county with little effort on his part, while a contest for the nomination was 
 made by several able competitors, who made a vigorous and protracted personal 
 canvass. He was elected, and organized the present probate court of Cook 
 county, December 3, 1877, under the act of the general assembly passed and 
 approved in April of that year. In October, 1882, he was renominated for pro- 
 bate judge by acclamation and was reelected. 
 
 No man enjoys a more extensive and favorable acquaintance with the people 
 of Cook county than Judge Knickerbocker. All the public and private trusts 
 committed to his charge have been executed with promptness and fidelity. In 
 the councils of the city and state his official influence and action have ever been 
 in the interests of good government. 
 
 The court over which he presides has jurisdiction over the estates of all 
 deceased persons, and over the persons and estates of all infants, lunatics, idiots, 
 spendthrifts and drunkards in Cook county, and adjudicates annually upon more 
 property than all the other courts of Cook county combined. To administer the 
 delicate and sacred trusts of such an office requires learning, industry, vigor and 
 patience. We believe we express the universal opinion when we say these trusts 
 have never been more promptly, impartially and satisfactorily executed than 
 under the administration of Judge Knickerbocker. 
 
 HON. JOSEPH B. LEAKE, 
 
 "T) REVET brigadier-general of United States Volunteers, lawyer and soldier, 
 .D was born April i, 1828, in Deerfield, Cumberland county, New Jersey, and 
 is of Welsh descent, his family having been among the earliest settlers of that 
 colony. His father removing to Cincinnati, the son there received his prepara- 
 tory education, and subsequently entered Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, 
 from which institution he graduated in the class of 1846. He soon after entered 
 the law office of Hon. W. S. Groesbeck, where he remained until he was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar, January 16, 1850. He practiced law in Cincinnati about six 
 years, and removed thence to Davenport, Iowa, where he opened an office and 
 devoted himself assiduously to building up a lucrative business. In 1861 he was
 
 2 8 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 elected judge of the superior court of Cook county for a term of six years, which 
 position he now holds. His duties since that time have been of a very arduous 
 and complex nature. He is a working judge, attending daily at his chambers, 
 with very rare intermission. His judicial tendencies are the result of thorough 
 training in the doctrines of the common law, as it was expounded before the days 
 of innovation, and his great familiarity with the statutes and reported jurisdiction 
 of the federal government is conceded by the entire bar. He possesses that 
 judicial instinct which makes its way quickly through immaterial details to the 
 essential points upon which the determination of a cause must turn. He there- 
 fore charges juries with great distinction, and in cases which are decided by him 
 places the results upon plainly discernible principles. He enjoys the unqualified 
 confidence and respect of the bar and the people of the state. 
 
 In politics Judge Smith was a democrat previous to the late war, when he 
 became a staunch Union man, and since then has been a republican. 
 
 Judge Smith is well and heavily built, having a handsome physique and a 
 powerful brain, is at heart a very genial and kind, prepossessing gentleman, who 
 has a thousand admirable qualities. He has made the law his greatest ambition, 
 hence his high standing as a jurist. A state and city are honored by keeping 
 such a man on the bench. 
 
 HON. LEONARD SWETT. 
 
 E;ONARD SWETT was born near the village of Turner, Oxford county, 
 Maine, on what was, and is now, known as the Albine Richer farm. His 
 mother, about eighty-seven years of age, is still living on the homestead. At the 
 age of twelve years, having previously been in the schools of his neighborhood, 
 he began the study of Latin and Greek with the Rev. Thomas R. Curtis, his 
 parents and the wise ones of the neighborhood having, as they supposed, 
 "elected" him for the ministry. When fifteen years of age he went to North 
 Yarmouth Academy, where he remained two years, and then entered Waterville 
 College (now known as Colby University), where he remained three years, and 
 left on account of some misunderstanding with the faculty; involving, however, 
 nothing dishonorable on his part. He then read law with Messrs. Howard and 
 Shepley, of Portland, two years, when he left to take his chances in the battle of 
 life and seek his fortune. He has fought the battle successfully, and has gained 
 a fortune. He intended to settle in the South, but after traveling through the 
 southern states for a time he came west in 1847. At that time the war with 
 Mexico was raging, and he enlisted as a private in the 5th Ind. Inf., commanded 
 Gen. James H. Lane, afterward United States senator from Kansas. Although 
 not commissioned as an officer, he had practical command as captain of the com- 
 pany, of which he was orderly sergeant. Having entered the city of Mexico 
 after its capture, the company was detailed to guard trains from Vera Cruz to 
 Jalapa, Pueblo and Cordova and return. In May, 1848, he was taken sick at Vera
 
 THE BENCH AND B'AR OF CHICAGO. 39 
 
 Cruz, and lay in hospital one month, when peace was made and he returned to 
 the North with shattered health, which was not soon restored. Upon regaining 
 his health, in 1849 he was admitted to the bar at Bloomington, Illinois, and there 
 began the practice of law. He rode the circuit with Abraham Lincoln, Stephen 
 T. Logan, John T. Stuart, U. F. Linder, Edward D. Baker, Edward Hannagan, and 
 other prominent lawyers of that day, and while being trained in that school was 
 recognized as one of the leaders and among the ablest. He spent six months of 
 ' the year in courts with Lincoln from that time on until the latter was elected 
 president, and always found in him a warm friend, a safe counselor and a con- 
 genial companion. This intimacy continued up to the time of Mr. Lincoln's death. 
 
 When he started out to practice law there were two men who took him by the 
 hand and helped him along with that affection and kindness which marks a 
 father's conduct toward a son. These two men were Abraham Lincoln and 
 David Davis, who remained true and confidential friends to the last. Next to 
 Judge Davis Mr. Swett was most influential in securing the nomination of Lin 
 coin for the presidency, and was the prime mover and controlling influence in 
 planning and executing that remarkable campaign which resulted in the election 
 of that great man. Suffice it to say that both came to Chicago to secure this 
 result, and Judge Davis being Swett's senior by twelve years, he was very natu- 
 rally the nominal leader. The nomination was secured, under their management, 
 through a combination of the Illinois, Indiana and Pennsylvania delegations, and 
 in this the hand of Leonard Swett was powerful and controlling. 
 
 But it is as a lawyer that he is best known. During the war he was in the 
 employ of the Quicksilver Mining Company, a corporation owning the great 
 Almaden or quicksilver mine in California, which was involved in litigation for 
 twelve years, the last four of which Mr. Swett had the full control, which kept him 
 in Washington the greater part of the time. As he did not want any office because 
 of better employment, it left him untrammeled, and insured the full confidence of. 
 President Lincoln, and hence he was a power behind the throne to an extent of 
 which few have any knowledge. In 1865 he came to Chicago permanently. He 
 has held but one office, that of state senator one term, and has declined all ten- 
 ders of office made to him. He has devoted himself assiduously to the practice 
 of his profession, to which he has been passionately devoted the past twenty-five 
 years, attaining to an eminence which ranks him among the first at the bar, 
 especially as a criminal lawyer. Of the nineteen murder cases which he has 
 defended, he has lost but one, and these cases are among the most celebrated in 
 the annals of our courts. He is a born orator; has a fine physique and command- 
 ing presence; an attractive delivery; is an entertaining speaker, an affable and 
 genial gentleman, and is esteemed and honored as a citizen and a man. In poli- 
 tics he is a republican, and his voice is heard in defense of that party in all 
 important campaigns and from the lecture platform. He took an active part in 
 the effort made to secure the nomination of Gen. Grant to the presidency in the 
 Chicago convention.
 
 40 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He is still in the prime of life, and is a noble example of what may be accom- 
 plished by earnest, conscientious and faithful work in the direction of one's 
 native inclination and abilities. He is one of the conspicuous citizens of Illinois, 
 and is thoroughly identified with the history of the state; has been a part of it, 
 and one of its most notable and important factors; at the bar he has ably illus- 
 trated its annals. His pleadings before the highest courts, his brilliant efforts 
 from the platform as lecturer and orator, evidence his profound knowledge of 
 law, the accuracy of his judgment, the extent of his scholarship and reading, the 
 force of his logic and the grace of his diction. He has varied and comprehen- 
 sive legal learning and general accomplishments which have won for him the 
 highest respect of the bar as well as the esteem and confidence of the general 
 public; a man of spotless integrity, which all attempts to assail have been fruit- 
 less. He is not a man of circumstances; he has made and controlled them. 
 
 When he settled in Chicago, in 1865, he formed with Van H. Higgins and 
 Col. David Quigg a partnership which continued for several years. His previous 
 reputation and well known ability brought him at once into prominence, and 
 insured him a lucrative practice which he has to this day. The present firm is 
 Swett and Haskell., He is retained in the most important cases which have come 
 before the higher courts; he devotes himself almost exclusively to his profession; 
 and while his comprehensive and well trained mind and large experience and 
 knowledge of men fit him for doing any work ably, it is as an advocate that he 
 is most conspicuous. He is a clear reasoner, and applies to every subject he con- 
 siders strong logical power, his appeals to jury or court often being masterpieces 
 of oratory. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM H. KING, LL.D. 
 
 ONE of the best known, as well as one of the most prominent and popular, 
 members of the Chicago bar is William H. King. To those who know him 
 nothing need be said as to his character and accomplishments. To those who do 
 not know him it would be difficult to convey any just idea of his personality. He 
 belongs to no class. There is no one else to whom we can compare him. His 
 thoughts, his expressions, his manner are all his own. They are alike character- 
 istic and original. 
 
 Mr. King was born in Clifton Park, in the county of Saratoga and state of 
 New York, October 23, 1817. We have no account of his earlier days, but if the 
 child is father of the man, it is safe to say that he must have been of a remark- 
 ably active, wide-awake, inquisitive turn of mind; fond of practical jokes, yet 
 without malice; speaking his own mind freely on all occasions, with no great 
 amount of reverence for precedent or tradition, and doing his own work in his 
 own way without fear and without reproach. After receiving the usual education 
 preparatory therefor he entered the sophomore class of Union College, where he 
 graduated in 1846. In 1879 his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR 01- CHICAGO. 43 
 
 LL.D. He commenced his study of the law in the office of Hon. John K. 
 Porter, then of Waterford, now of New York; was admitted to the bar in 1847, 
 and continued the practice of his profession at Waterford, New York, until 1853, 
 when he determined to seek a wider field of action, and finally, with a wise fore- 
 sight, fixed upon Chicago as his future home. Here for nearly thirty years he has 
 led a life of unusual activity and usefulness. It is as a lawyer, of course, that he 
 is here especially to be considered. That was the profession for which nature 
 evidently intended him. He was a born lawyer. It is difficult to think of him as 
 anything else. His talents and acquirements all pointed in that direction com- 
 bative, ardent, sanguine, quick to perceive the strong points in his own case, as 
 well as the weak ones in his adversary's; always ready to present those points to 
 court or jury in the clearest and most forcible manner. It might have been 
 expected that he would be tempted to rely too much on his natural powers, and 
 to neglect that preliminary study and preparation without which no one, how- 
 ever gifted, can hope to succeed. Yet in fact there never was a lawyer more con- 
 scientious and painstaking in this, the least inviting but most important work of 
 the profession. When Mr. King appears in court his client may rest assured that 
 he comes equipped with that full and exact knowledge both of the law and the 
 facts that is the surest guarantee of success. Woe then to his adversary who 
 makes a false step, misstates the evidence, or wanders outside of the record! For 
 such an one Mr. King has no mercy, no bowels of compassion. The wit and 
 humor in which he abounds enable him to show up the mistakes of witness or 
 counsel in the most effective light. Yet his humor leaves no sting. There is no 
 poison in the wound. Men will bear from him what they would bear from no one 
 else. And it may safely be said that, no matter how uncurbed his humor may be, 
 it has never yet lost him a single friend. Mr. King is not an orator in the usual 
 sense of the term. He is too direct and straightforward for that. But if to make 
 his point clear, so as to leave no possible room for misunderstanding, to fasten it 
 so that it cannot be forgotten, to fortify it with the keenest wit and most incisive 
 logic, and finally to win the verdict rather than applause; if this is to be an ora- 
 tor, then there is no doubt that he eminently deserves the appellation. 
 
 But it is not alone as a lawyer that Mr. King has won his reputation. During 
 his residence in Chicago he has held many offices of honor, though, so far as we 
 know, not one of profit. He was one of the founders of the Chicago Law Insti- 
 tute and one of its earliest presidents. The Chicago Bar Association has honored 
 him in the same way, and so also for successive years has the Union College 
 Alumni Association of the Northwest. For several years he was president of the 
 Chicago board of education, and to-day one of the grammar schools is called by 
 his name. For two years he was a leading member of the Illinois state legisla- 
 ture, where he was distinguished for the same qualities that have made him so 
 prominent at the bar. 
 
 In his family relations Mr. King has been unusually fortunate and happy. He 
 is the father of two children, both daughters, one of whom, Mary, is married and 
 5
 
 44 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 lives at Kenwood, a beautiful suburb of Chicago, and the other, Fanny, recently 
 graduated at Smith College. Mrs. King is a lady of distinguished ability and 
 accomplishments, and her unaffected kindness and goodness are recognized by 
 all who know her. 
 
 HON. MURRAY F. TULEY. 
 
 MURRAY F. TULEY, one of the judges of the superior court of Cook county, 
 is a native of Louisville, Kentucky, and was born March 4, 1827, the son of 
 Courtney M. Tuley, who died when the son was five years of age; his mother's 
 maiden name was Priscella P. Buckner, a name known to the annals of Kentucky. 
 The family of Tuleys is of English extraction and descended from the early set- 
 tlers of Virginia. His early education was obtained in the public schools of 
 Louisville; at the age of thirteen he left school and engaged in clerking, but 
 improved his leisure hours in study, and may be said to be a self-made and 
 self-taught man. In 1843 his widowed mother married the late Col. Richard J. 
 Hamilton, a prominent lawyer of Chicago, whither the family came to reside. 
 The following year he commenced the study of law in his step-father's office, and 
 continued until 1846, when he went to the Louisville Law Institute, where he 
 remained one year under the tuition of those learned and distinguished profes- 
 sors, Duncan, Loughborough and Judge Pirtle; the latter, discovering that young 
 Tuley 's predilection was in the direction of chancery practice, and knowing his 
 abilities, predicted that he would some day become a chancery law judge. That 
 prediction has been fulfilled, as he is now one of the judges of the circuit court of 
 Cook county, and hears chancery cases mainly, and is conceded by the bar to be 
 one of the ablest, and is giving general satisfaction. From that, institute he 
 returned to Chicago, was admitted to the bar, and immediately enlisted in the 5th 
 111. Vols., for services in the Mexican war; was elected first lieutenant of Co. F., 
 and served with it through the war in the brigade commanded by Gen. Price 
 (subsequently Confederate general in the late war) with honor and credit as a sol- 
 dier and officer. When peace was declared he went to Santa Fe, New Mexico, 
 and engaged in the practice of his profession, doing a successful business. In 
 1849 he was appointed attorney general of New Mexico, and held the office two 
 years; was a member of the territorial legislature during 1863-4, and left his 
 mark upon the legislation and jurisprudence of the territory. He then returned 
 to Chicago and engaged in practice with prominent attorneys, and has been here 
 since, standing in the front rank at this able bar. In 1869 he was appointed coun- 
 sel to the corporation of Chicago, which position he graced and filled with marked 
 ability; protecting the interests of the corporation in a way which added to his 
 reputation as a lawyer and as a citizen, who had the well being of this commu- 
 nity at heart. He was the law officer of the corporation at the time of the great 
 fire, and to his counsel and energetic action the people of Chicago are largely 
 indebted for the successful spanning and bridging of the legal chaos in which the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 
 
 45 
 
 fire left them. He is essentially the author of the act of incorporation of cities in 
 this state, under which Chicago is now acting; he framed it, and it was carried 
 through the legislature by his influence largely. He was such counsel four years. 
 In 1873 he resumed practice in the well remembered firm of Tuley, Stiles and 
 Lewis, which was then organized. In 1878 he was elected alderman of the first, 
 the most important ward in the city, and was a leading member and important 
 factor of the common council. In 1879 he was elected to the bench of the circuit 
 court of Cook county. He has held a high rank at the bar as a member of the 
 profession, and has won a like position on the bench, amid an array of talent and 
 judicial learning and ability. He seems to study and labor to conscientiously 
 discharge the functions of his high office in the interests of right, and administers 
 justice with as little of the increment of error as possible. His decisions are clear, 
 logical, and based upon law, of which he is an able interpreter. 
 
 As a judge and as a man he is clothed with becoming dignity, though courte- 
 ous and gefitle withal, and, possessed of a high sense of honor, is a fair type of 
 true manhood, and an honor to the bench. In his attainments as a wise and safe 
 counselor and an upright and just judge, he well illustrates what may be accom- 
 plished by the persistent and honest pursuit of an ardent and determined 
 purpose. 
 
 In 1851 Judge Tuley was married to Miss Catherine Edmonson, of Missouri, a 
 lady of fine accomplishments. 
 
 HON. RICHARD S. THOMPSON. 
 
 RICHARD S. THOMPSON was born at Cape May Court House, Cape May 
 county, New Jersey, December 27, 1837, and is 'a descendant, on his father's 
 side, of an old south Jersey family, who settled there in 1765. His mother's 
 ancestors also settled in New Jersey in 1730. 
 
 His parents were Richard and Elizabeth Thompson. His mother was a 
 daughter of Major Nathaniel Holmes; his father was a prominent citizen of south 
 Jersey, a member of the general assembly in 1837, a large land owner, and was 
 interested in coasting vessels. 
 
 At the age of thirteen Richard entered the Norristown Seminary, Pennsyl- 
 vania, where he remained three years, and was then placed as a pupil under 
 Rev. A. Scovel, a Presbyterian clergyman, of Bordentown, New Jersey, where he 
 remained four years. The next two years he continued his studies with A. I. 
 Fish, LL.D., of Philadelphia, a scholar of rare attainments. In 1859 he entered 
 the law department of Harvard College, and graduated in 1861. Returning to 
 Philadelphia he continued his studies with his preceptor, Mr. Fish, and early in 
 1862 was admitted to the Philadelphia bar. While prosecuting his law studies he 
 was a member of Capt. Biddle's artillery company, of Philadelphia. 
 
 In August, 1862, under the call of President Lincoln, Mr. Thompson, as cap- 
 tain, raised a company of volunteers in twelve days, and reported at camp with a
 
 46 THE BENCH AKD KAR Of'' CHICAGO. 
 
 full company, which was mustered in as Co. K, in the i2th regiment N. J. Vols. 
 The regiment was shortly afterward stationed at Ellicott's Mills, Maryland, and 
 Mr. Thompson was appointed assistant provost-marshal under General Wool, the 
 duties of which position he performed until the regiment was ordered to the front. 
 His regiment joined the army of the Potomac, and was placed in the second 
 brigade, second army corps, occupying a position on the Rappahannock, three 
 miles above Falmouth and Fredericksburg, Virginia. On February 16, Mr. 
 Thompson was appointed judge advocate of a division court martial. 
 
 At the battle of Chancellorsville he took an active part, and distinguished him- 
 self, contributing largely in protecting the right Hank of the Union troops, when 
 actively engaged in a field in the rear of the Chancellorsville House. 
 
 The journal accounts of that battle give great credit to Capt. Thompson, who, 
 after his brigade commander and staff were captured by the enemy, and the 
 colonel of his regiment seriously wounded, and while the larger portion of the 
 brigade was falling back, in the face of a close and terrific fire, assumed com- 
 mand, ordered the retiring color bearers back into position, reformed the broken 
 line on a changed front and with the io8th regiment N. Y. Inf., the only other 
 portion of the brigade remaining, fought bravely, until the onslaught on that posi- 
 tion was abandoned. 
 
 His calm judgment never forsook him in the heat of that terrible battle. The 
 struggle had been severe, a portion of the time a hand-to-hand fight. One hun- 
 dred and sixty of his regiment had been killed or wounded, and twenty-three 
 were missing. 
 
 At the battle of Gettysburg, on the 2d and 3d of July, 1863, while Capt. 
 Thompson was acting as major of the regiment, on the morning of the 2d a por- 
 tion of his regiment charged a stone barn on the rebel skirmish line, filled with 
 rebel sharpshooters, and captured them, taking from the barn more prisoners 
 than there were men in the charging party. During the night the rebels regained 
 possession of the barn, and the next morning Brig. Gen. Alexander Hayes, com- 
 manding the division, ordered a regiment from another brigade to charge the 
 barn. They advanced until they came under fire, when the storm of shot was so 
 terrific that they lay down and failed to advance further. Thereupon Maj. 
 Thompson, in command of five companies from his regiment ( A, C, D, F and K). 
 charged, took the barn and captured a number of prisoners. On this memorable 
 day, July 3, the position of the izth N. J. Vols. was in the second brigade, third 
 division, second army corps (Hancock's), which held the left center, on which the 
 artillery of Gen. Lee was concentrated, and against which the furious charge was 
 made. Over eight hundred rebel dead were buried on the two hundred yards of 
 front occupied by the second brigade, and fourteen hundred stand of arms were 
 picked up upon the same front. Maj. Thompson's behavior on that day received 
 special notice, not only from Col. Smyth, who acted as brigadier, but also from 
 Gen. Hancock. Limited space prevents the insertion of the letters on this matter. 
 
 On August 20, 1864, during the demonstration made under the command of
 
 THE BENCH AND HAR OF CHICAGO. 47 
 
 Gen. Hancock, on the north bank of the James river, Col. Thompson was selected, 
 upon the recommendation of Gen. Thomas Smyth, to take charge of the with- 
 drawal of the corps pickets and skirmishers a matter of no small difficulty, 
 from the fact that the line was four miles long, and in some places not more than 
 fifty yards from the rebel skirmishers. The line had to be maintained until the 
 main body of the corps had recrossed the river. June n, 1864, Col. Thompson 
 was put in command of a provisional battalion at Alexandria, Virginia, and 
 reported to Gen. Butler at Bermuda Hundreds, and remained in command at 
 Point of Rocks, Virginia, on the Appomattox, until June 28, 1864, when he turned 
 over his command at headquarters, army of Potomac, and rejoined his regiment. 
 
 Col. Thompson with his regiment took part in seventeen general engagements, 
 among which may be mentioned Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Auburn Mills, Bris- 
 tow Station, Blackburn's Ford, Robinson's Tavern, Mine Run and Ream's Station. 
 In the last named, south of Petersburg, Virginia, on August 25, 1864, a rebel 
 column had broken the Union line, captured a battery, and was using the railway 
 as a breastwork. In answer to a call for volunteers to charge this column, Col. 
 Thompson volunteered his command, and with three other regiments charged 
 through a sugar-cane field, drove the rebels from their position, and recaptured the 
 battery. While leading his men in this charge he was severely wounded in the side 
 and hand by shells. He was sent to Philadelphia for treatment, and was confined 
 to his bed until November. In December, 1864, while still on crutches, he was 
 detailed as president of a general court-martial sitting at Philadelphia, on which 
 duty he continued until about the middle of February, 1865, although still suffer- 
 ing from his wounds. He now tendered his resignation, and received an honora- 
 ble discharge, on account of physical disability, occasioned by wounds received 
 in battle. 
 
 On June 7, 1865, he married Catherine S. Scovel, daughter of Rev. A. Scovel, 
 then of Bloomington, Illinois, and in November entered upon the practice of law 
 in Chicago. In 1867 he formed a law partnership with Jeremiah Learning, which 
 still continues. In 1869 he was appointed corporation counsel of the village of 
 Hyde Park, a position which he held until 1876. In 1872 he was elected on the 
 republican ticket to the Illinois senate, from the second senatorial district. As a 
 member of the senate he distinguished himself as possessing a familiar acquaint- 
 ance with parliamentary law. On more than one occasion has Mr. Thompson 
 manifested his power in a manner to call forth the encomiums of jurists and of the 
 press. There are two cases which may be specially mentioned in which the tact 
 and skill of Senator Thompson were very remarkable: one was the contested 
 election case of Shering?^. Marshall; the other Senator Lee's motion to reconsider 
 the vote by which the senate bill to regulate the sale of intoxicating liquors was 
 indefinitely postponed. The Chicago ''Tribune" says: "The event of the week 
 occurred in the senate. To the opposition it was the signal defeat of the session. 
 The defeat of this plan for gaining two votes additional for the United States 
 senatorial contest was due to the masterly argument of Senator Thompson, of
 
 48 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Cook, who, in thorough lawyer-like style, analyzed the entire testimony, and with 
 logical precision exposed the utter illegality of the attempt to unseat the choice 
 of the legal voters on an abstract technicality. No speech in either house at this 
 session has compared with it in logical force, precision of statement, clear analysis 
 of premises, and unanswerable deduction from the facts." The " Daily Sun " 
 says: "The last speech made by Senator Thompson in the contested election 
 case was one of the most complete, thorough and unanswerable ever delivered 
 in a legislative body." The part taken by Senator Thompson on Senator Lee's 
 motion to reconsider the vote of the previous day is thus spoken of by the 
 Chicago " Times: " " A series of filibustering motions and points of order began, 
 which, for brilliancy of thought and celerity of action, have never been surpassed 
 on the floor of the state senate. They were initiated by Thompson, of Cook, and 
 the result stamped him as the ablest parliamentarian in the senate." In 1876 Col. 
 Thompson was appointed attorney of the South Park commission, and held that 
 position until the spring of 1880. Col. Thompson ranks among the leading mem- 
 bers of his profession, and no member of the bar has had a larger experience in 
 the eminent domain practice. 
 
 HOMER N. HIBBARD. 
 
 HOMER N. HIBBARD was born at Bethel, Windsor county, Vermont, 
 November 7, 1824. He traces his ancestry through both his father and 
 mother back to colonial times. He passed his early life on his father's farm, 
 attending the common schools of the neighborhood until he was fifteen, when he 
 commenced attendance at the academy at Randolph, Vermont. His desire to 
 obtain a classical education was frustrated for a time by the financial embarrass- 
 ment of his father, and at the age of eighteen we find him studying law in the 
 office of J. C. Dexter, at Rutland, Vermont. While here the old hunger for an 
 education, with which most boys who afterward make their mark in the world 
 are beset, came upon him, and had to be satisfied. He began to fit for college 
 under the tutelage of Rev. William Mitchell, paying his way in the meantime by 
 teaching. This preparatory study lasted two years. Then he entered Castleton 
 Seminary, and after completing his preparatory course there entered Vermont Uni- 
 versity. He paid his way through the academy and university by teaching, and 
 graduated from the college with honor in 1850. Hon. Edward C. Palmer, judge 
 of the supreme court of Minnesota, Z. K. Pangborn, Jersey City, editor, Rev. 
 Theodore A. Hopkins and Rev. William T. Sleeper were among his classmates. 
 
 Upon graduating he was appointed principal of the Burlington high school, 
 and served there two years, having as associate teachers Henry Buckham, now 
 principal of the State Normal School at Buffalo, New York, and S. H. Peabody, 
 subsequently professor of mathematics and civil engineering at Amherst College, 
 and now president of Illinois State University at Champaign. Teaching, however,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 49 
 
 did not suit the stirring spirit of the young man, and after he had accumulated 
 money sufficient to pay for his tuition there he entered the Dane Law School of 
 Harvard College, where he studied until the spring of 1853, when he returned to 
 Burlington and for six months longer continued his studies in the law office of 
 Gov. Levi Underwood. 
 
 He was then admitted to the bar, his examiners being Senator Edmunds and 
 ex-Register of the Treasury Chittenden. 
 
 In the fall of 1853 he removed to Chicago in company with his classmate in 
 the law school, John A. Jameson, with whom he entered into copartnership. 
 Business does not come at once to the ablest young lawyer, and the young firm 
 became impatient at their slow progress in securing clients, and in 1854 removed 
 to Freeport, Illinois. Two years later Mr. Jameson returned to Chicago and 
 formed a partnership with Mr. Paul Cornell, but Mr. Hibbard remained at Free- 
 port. He secured a paying practice there in connection with Hon. Martin P. 
 Sweet, then one of the leading lawyers of northern Illinois. While in Freeport 
 he was president of the board of education, master in chancery, and for several 
 years city attorney. While acting in this latter capacity he drafted the city 
 charter, and revised and published the ordinances which form the basis of the 
 city government. He was the Lycurgus of Freeport, so to speak. Here, also, 
 he married Miss Jane Noble, daughter of Hon. William Noble, of Burlington, 
 Vermont, a lady of excellent attainments, who was associate teacher with him in 
 the high school in the old days. 
 
 Mr. Hibbard has always taken a great interest in everything pertaining to 
 schools and education, and wherever he has lived since he was old enough to 
 teach school he has been identified with the same. He filled the office of super- 
 intendent of public schools in Burlington, Vermont, at the time he moved to Chi- 
 cago, and has been a member of the board of education for the past ten years in 
 Hyde Park, where he now resides, having been president of the same for several 
 years. He is a member of the board of trustees of Lake Forest University and 
 also of Vermont University, and for several years he was president of the Alumni 
 Association of his alma mater. 
 
 In 1860, at the invitation of Messrs. Cornell and Jameson, Mr. Hibbard 
 returned to Chicago, and with those gentlemen formed a copartnership under the 
 firm name of Cornell, Jameson and Hibbard. This firm continued until 1865, when 
 Mr. Jameson was elected to the bench of the superior court. Subsequently Mr. 
 Hibbard associated with himself Messrs. M. B. Rich and James J. Noble, with 
 whom he continued in business until 1871, under the firm name of Hibbard, Rich 
 and Noble. In January, 1870, upon the nomination of Chief Justice Chase, he was 
 appointed by Judge Drummond, of the United States district court, register in 
 bankruptcy for Chicago, a position which he has since filled to the entire satisfac- 
 tion of bench, bar and public. 
 
 As a lawyer Mr. Hibbard has been eminently successful. He has filled many 
 semi-public positions, and filled them well. He is director of the National Bank
 
 5O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 of Illinois, vice-president of the American Insurance Company, and has held 
 various other positions of trust and public importance. He is a ruling elder in 
 the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Though a decided republican in political belief he has never taken any active 
 part in politics, finding in his profession his life's work and pleasure. 
 
 HON. ELBERT H. GARY. 
 
 OF the younger class of lawyers now practicing at the Chicago bar none 
 ranks higher than he whose name heads this sketch. As early as 1832 his 
 father, Erastus Gary, a well known and wealthy citizen of Wheaton, Illinois, set- 
 tled in this state, whither he had removed from the town of Pomfret, Connecti- 
 cut. He is descended from an old New England family who settled at Roxbury, 
 Massachusetts, in 1631. 
 
 Elbert H. was born in 1846 in Du Page county, Illinois. As a boy he was fond 
 of books and study, and after completing his preliminary studies pursued a course 
 of study at Wheaton College. In 1863, shortly after leaving that institution, 
 having determined to devote himself to the legal profession, he entered upon a 
 course of legal study and training in the office and under the tuition and guidance 
 of Messrs. Vallette and Cody, of Naperville, Illinois. Here he made good prog- 
 ress in the rudiments of the law, and remained about one year and a half, at the 
 expiration of which time he entered the Union College of Law at Chicago. Here 
 he pursued a thorough course of study, and in June, 1867, was graduated and im- 
 mediately thereafter admitted to the bar of Illinois. During the following three 
 years he acted as chief deputy clerk of the superior court of Cook county, and in 
 1870 began the active practice of his profession. During the first two years of 
 his practice he was alone in business, but in October, 1872, associated with him- 
 self his brother under the firm name of E. H. and N. E. Gary. This partnership 
 continued until the fall of 1879, when Judge Cody, who had retired from the 
 bench and resumed practice, was admitted as a partner, and the firm name 
 became Gary, Cody and Gary, now one of the leading and most influential law 
 firms of Chicago. 
 
 Although a member of the bar of Chicago, Judge Gary has his residence at 
 Wheaton, and is closely identified with every public interest and enterprise tend- 
 ing to the welfare and improvement of that place. Besides being connected with 
 the bank at Wheaton he possesses extensive real estate and building interests 
 there, and is a zealous promoter of public improvements. He is now president of 
 a large creamery company located at that place. Recognizing not only his 
 ability as a lawyer and business man, but also his uprightness, fairness and 
 honorable dealing, his fellow-citizens have from time to time honored him with 
 important offices and trusts. During the years 1872, 1873 and 1874 he was presi- 
 dent of the town council of Wheaton, and in the fall of 1882 was elevated to the 
 bench of the county court of Du Page county.
 
 HCCoupar Jr, 4 Co
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 53 
 
 In politics he has been an earnest worker in the republican party. 
 
 As a lawyer he is conscientious, able and successful, and has the unqualified 
 confidence of all who know him or with whom he has to do. Thoroughly versed 
 in the varied branches of legal lore, and possessing a clear and sound judgment, 
 and at the same time fully understanding the rules of practice and having a 
 ready command of language, he is at once a safe, reliable counselor, a successful 
 trial lawyer and a good advocate. During recent years Judge Gary has been 
 retained in nearly every case of importance that has been tried in Du Page 
 county, and is very frequently retained as special counselor. He has for many 
 years been retained as counsel for the county and various municipal corporations. 
 He assisted in the trial of the Farmer Harms suit against Cook county, and 
 secured for his client a verdict of $75,000. He also conducted the prosecution 
 of President Blanchard, of Wheaton College, before the ecclesiastical council in 
 1878. Among his clients are some of the wealthiest individuals and corporations 
 doing business in Chicago. Judge Gary was an intimate friend of the late Gen. 
 Sweet, who was in command of Camp Douglas at the time of the conspiracy to 
 release the rebel prisoners, and by the general's will was named as executor to 
 settle up his estate. He is a man of most excellent personal and social quali- 
 ties, and by all is esteemed a true friend, a generous companion and a genial 
 gentleman. 
 
 CHARLES C. BONNEY. 
 
 /CHARLES CARROLL BONNEY has been prominently before the public 
 V^^ in various honorable positions for many years. He is a native of Hamilton, 
 New York, which is widely known as the seat of Madison University, and as the 
 most beautiful village in the Chenango Valley. His father, Jethro May Bonney, 
 was a farmer. The farm was on Bonney Hill, in the vicinity, and embraced a 
 charming variety of woodland, field and meadow. Here the son was born, Sep- 
 tember 4, 1831. His mother was Jane C. Lawton, daughter of George Lawton, 
 whose "old mansion among the poplars," on another hill to the eastward, was 
 long one of the stateliest landmarks of pioneer life in that part of central New 
 York. The subject of this sketch had two brothers, and one sister. The most 
 eminent scholars, divines and politicians of the locality, were visitors at his 
 father's house, and the conversations he heard there powerfully stimulated his 
 efforts and ambition. The father afterward removed to Hamilton village. 
 
 During his boyhood and youth the son worked upon the farm, and attended 
 the district school, Hamilton Academy, and lectures at Madison University; but, 
 though offered the full university course, and enjoying friendly relations with 
 many of the faculty and students, he declined it, feeling that he could not afford 
 the time required for the classical course, and that teaching and private study 
 must suffice. He then taught common and academic schools in New York and
 
 54 TH E BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Illinois until he was twenty-one. He also began the study of law while teaching^ 
 and was ready for admission to the bar before attaining his majority. 
 
 Though a non-graduate, he freely acknowledges that he is under very great 
 obligations to the university, and regards its influence and associations as potent 
 in determining his course in life. 
 
 He came to Illinois, September 28, 1850 ; located at Peoria, October 15, of 
 that year; was admitted to the bar of Illinois, September 23, 1852, and to that of 
 the United States Supreme Court, January 5, 1866. September 12, 1860, he 
 removed to Chicago, where he has ever since resided. 
 
 From 1850 to 1854 he took an active part in establishing the present educa- 
 tional system of Illinois, delivering a large number of addresses, and partici- 
 pating in the proceedings of more than twenty educational conventions and 
 societies. During a part of this time he was employed by the authorities of 
 Peoria county as public lecturer on education, and in this connection advocated 
 free schools, school district libraries, teachers' institutes, normal schools, state 
 and county superintendents, and an enlarged course of study for the common 
 schools. The first state educational convention was called through his instru- 
 mentality. He was also one of the officers of a State Teachers' Institute, and 
 for some years a frequent writer on educational topics. But a constantly increas- 
 ing love of the legal profession drew him irresistibly to its service, and deter- 
 mined his future career. 
 
 Already known throughout the state, from educational correspondence and 
 addresses, he entered on his admission to the bar into a successful and lucrative 
 practice, which has continued and extended to the present time. His reputation 
 and practice are not confined to his own state, but extend to other parts of the 
 Union. His practice has embraced an active and varied experience in almost 
 every department of law, and includes many cases of great importance, particu- 
 larly in equity and in the law of corporations, patents, wills, commercial transac- 
 tions and the administration of estates. 
 
 Among the more interesting cases in which he has been engaged may be men- 
 tioned: The People vs. Fash, habeas corpus, involving the liberty of the press; 
 Johnson vs. Stark County, municipal subscription to build railroad; the Sherman 
 House cases, negotiable instruments and a wide range of technical defenses; 
 Miller vs. Wells, inter-state laws of administration; The People vs. Church, right of 
 the general government to tax process of state courts; Gage et al. vs. Derby, the law 
 of government contracts and the doctrine of seals; the Huston Administrations, 
 liens on estates of deceased persons; the Schenck Sewing Machine cases, infringe- 
 ment and trial by jury; the Bishop Hill Colony case, corporations and trusts; the 
 Fuller and Barnum Tuck-creaser Patent cases; the Yerby's Subdivision Land cases; 
 the Allaire Will case; the West Chicago Park case, executive power; the case of 
 the State Savings Institution, equity administration of corporate assets; Ely vs. 
 Douglas County, state power relating to equitable remedies in the national courts; 
 Ligare vs. Semple, securities conditioned on removing objections to title; Fuller
 
 THE KENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 55 
 
 vs. Hunt, custom and usage in commercial transactions; and the Auditor vs. Chi- 
 cago Life Insurance Company, state supervision and control of corporations. 
 
 This brief list includes cases in the courts of Illinois, Michigan, Nebraska, 
 New York, and New Jersey, and in the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 
 Mr. Bonney was elected president of the Illinois State Bar Association, in Janu- 
 ary 1882. This high honor was conferred while he was absent from the associa- 
 tion and engaged in the trial of an important cause. 
 
 In the August following, Mr. Bonney was elected vice-president of the Ameri- 
 can Bar Association for Illinois, succeeding David Davis in that honorable 
 position. A few days later he presented to the American Bankers' Association, in 
 session at Saratoga, a proposal for an act of Congress to secure uniformity of 
 commercial paper throughout the United States. This proposal was received 
 with decided favor, and means were taken to favor its adoption. 
 
 Mr. Bonney's character and reputation as a lawyer may be gathered from 
 comments made during his professional career by the public press on numerous 
 occasions. The newspapers of his own and of other states speak of him as hav- 
 ing "acquired a brilliant reputation as a lawyer; as one who could take any 
 given subject and present all its salient points in a condensed, methodical and 
 lucid manner; as well and favorably known throughout the entire Northwest as a 
 lawyer of large experience, systematic, thorough and reliable; as one who holds 
 an enviable position among the leading lawyers of the West, a gentleman of high 
 culture, polished manners, and deeply devoted to the duties of his profession; as 
 favorably known, and highly esteemed for promptitude, dispatch and integrity in 
 attention to legal business, winning confidence and patronage by his talents, 
 assiduity and uprightness; as one of our most eminent lawyers; as one of the 
 most distinguished members of the Chicago bar, and a writer on political and 
 legal subjects of wide reputation; as a profound and accomplished lawyer, and 
 one of the most eloquent and effective speakers in the state; and as a lawyer who 
 stands at the head of his honorable calling, not only as respects all professional 
 attainments, but as a citizen, a scholar and a gentleman, whose influential voice 
 and pen are devoted to every good word and work in his city." 
 
 " It was he who first raised and argued the constitutionality of the excise tax 
 on judicial process and other state proceedings. He was also the first who stated 
 the powers of the courts under the suspension of the habeas corpus, which 
 was reproduced two years later by Mr. Binney, the eminent Philadelphia lawyer; 
 and he anticipated by more than a year Mr. David Dudley Fields' exposition of 
 the modern humbug of emotional insanity." 
 
 The foregoing expressions of public esteem are selected from a large number 
 of similar notices. 
 
 From his earlier years Mr. Bonney has found in authorship a charm which has 
 made it the unfailing recreation of a severe professional life. Besides a great 
 number of other contributions of a legal, political, financial or literary nature, he 
 is also the author of a treatise on "The Law of Railway Carriers," and of another
 
 56 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 on " The Law of Insurance "; also of essays on " The Powers of Non-resident Guar- 
 dians and Executors," "The Rights of Married Women to Hold Personal Proper- 
 ty," "The Doctrine of Insanity in the Criminal Law," "The Powers of Courts 
 and Legislatures over the Railway Question," "The Administration of Justice," 
 "The Characteristics of a Great Lawyer," "Government Reform," "Judicial Pro- 
 ceedings without Personal Service," "The True Province of the Government," 
 "National Regulation of Inter-state Commerce," "An Equity Bankruptcy Law," 
 "Practical Law Reform," and "The Future of the Legal Profession." He also 
 edited, in a very finished and scholarly manner, the poetical works of the late 
 Judge Arrington. His books on railway and insurance law, though small and 
 unpretentious, and designed for business men rather than the legal profession, 
 were highly commended by eminent authorities as also of great value to the 
 bench and the bar. Those books are now out of print, the plates having been 
 destroyed in the Chicago fire. His eldest son, Charles L. Bonney, has supplied 
 the place of the treatise on railway carriers by an admirable summary of the 
 law relating to the subject, entitled "Railway Law for Railway Men." Mr. Bon- 
 ney's efforts in the field of authorship have been received by the public with 
 decided approbation, as the product of an able and scholarly writer, whose mate- 
 rial is full of sound sense and practical value, and arranged in a manner intelligible, 
 accurate and comprehensive. 
 
 Though Mr. Bonney has never held or been a candidate for any political office, 
 he has taken an active part in public affairs from 1852 to the present time; was a 
 party democrat until 1860, a war democrat during the rebellion, and has been an 
 independent democrat since that time. He was one of the leaders of the move- 
 ment to defeat the effort of a private corporation to obtain control of the Illinois 
 river; was a special commissioner from Peoria to St. Louis in that connection, 
 and as such delivered an elaborate argument to the city government of the latter, 
 which was highly commended. He was one of the original advocates of the con- 
 stitutional prohibition of special legislation, also of a national currency under a 
 national law, with a prohibition of state issues, also of national regulation of inter- 
 state commerce and corporations, also of largely extending the jurisdiction and 
 practice in equity, also of state commissioners to represent the people in their re- 
 lations with railway and other corporations, and of more careful and thorough 
 legislation, suggesting that the houses of representatives be popular bodies to 
 express the public will, and the senates legislating jurists to frame and perfect the 
 laws, holding terms of office somewhat similar to those of the judges. He has also 
 publicly advocated many other reforms in the various departments of government 
 in a series of papers under the title of "Government Reform." 
 
 That Mr. Bonney is a political orator of no mean rank is abundantly demon- 
 strated in the newspaper notices of the day, which characterize him as a profound 
 and accomplished speaker, combining sound argumentative powers and a quiet 
 earnestness of manner with a precision of rhetoric and an oratorical ability rarely 
 exceeded by any public speaker. One such notice says: "His style of address is
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 57 
 
 peculiar, and highly gentlemanly in tone. We have heard the best speakers of 
 the old world and the new, but this is the first instance wherein we have observed 
 the entire triumph of a speaker securing the close attention of his audience in a 
 subdued tone of voice." Another that "His speech in reply to Senator Trumbull 
 [at Peoria in 1858], as a whole and in all its parts, compares favorably with any- 
 thing we have heretofore heard as a calm, conservative and eloquent argument. 
 In addition to this he demonstrated himself to be the almoner of an imperial ora- 
 tory, which held the large audience in attendance for nearly four hours willing 
 and eager listeners." Another that "It may be said of Mr. Bonney that, although 
 he is far from being devoid of humor, he depends more for effect upon other than 
 the feelings. His discourses are of a kind rarely attained that read as well 
 months after as they sounded at the time of their delivery. They are in no sense 
 ephemeral in their character, and although they may be given before the limited 
 audience of a country town they are as carefully prepared, are as full of informa- 
 tion and instruction, and as deserving of preservation, as if they were state papers 
 to be read by both hemispheres. His effort at Waukegan [in 1880] might have 
 been without any discredit delivered before the British parliament, or any other 
 body of statesmen and politicians in the world." And another that "In style Mr. 
 Bonney is precise, incisive and clear, and withal a ready if not a redundant speaker, 
 writer and conversationalist. His political speeches demonstrated the possession 
 of an impassioned oratory, based upon a clear and comprehensive knowledge of 
 the issues involved and their germane facts. In the character of a politician no 
 speaker with whom he came in contact was more popular or more influential, and 
 had he devoted himself to this department of effort he might have attained almost 
 anything within the gift of the people." 
 
 Though never entering the lecture-field except at occasional intervals between 
 professional engagements, his list of lectures embraces many subjects of general 
 importance, such as " Why Ninety-seven Merchants in a Hundred Fail," " Gov- 
 ernment Reform," "The Government of Cities," and "The Relation of Religion 
 to the Government." 
 
 Mr. Bonney was at one time president of the Chicago Library Association, and 
 was the author of the agitation that finally resulted in the Chicago Free Public 
 Library. He was for several years one of the managers of the Chicago Athenaeum, 
 and was one of the founders of the Chicago Literary Club. In 1872-3 he held the 
 chair of lecturer on medical jurisprudence at Hahnemann Medical College, Chi- 
 cago, and since its organization in 1876 has been a member of the board of coun- 
 selors of the Chicago Homoeopathic College. 
 
 Mr. Bonney has also been for some years an active member and officer of the 
 Citizens' League to enforce the laws forbidding the sale of liquor to minors, and 
 has also taken an active part in other departments of temperance work, though 
 not a member of any prohibitory or total abstinence association. 
 
 In religious faith Mr. Bonney is a New Churchman, or Swedenborgian, in 
 which church he has been active as a Bible class teacher and as president of the
 
 58 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 State Sunday School Association. His ancestors on the father's side were Baptists, 
 and upon the mother's side they were Friends. In his youth he read extensively 
 upon the various systems of religion, and although a firm adherent of his own 
 church has always cultivated the most friendly relations with all other religious 
 denominations, being a vigorous opponent of sectarianism and bigotry. 
 
 He was married August 16, 1855, at Troy, New York, to Miss Lydia Pratt, by 
 whom he has had two sons and three daughters, all of whom, except the youngest 
 daughter, who died in infancy, still survive. The family home is a handsome resi- 
 dence on Fulton street, near Union Park, and is a well known social and literary 
 center. 
 
 Mr. Bonney is domestic in his habits, and likes to gather about his fireside a 
 congenial company for the elaboration of literary ideas and the more graceful of 
 the social qualities. Enjoying an enviable position as lawyer and author and 
 litterateur, he has before him a future which promises still more flattering and 
 enviable results. 
 
 The facts of the foregoing sketch have been gathered from the books men- 
 tioned and from a large collection of law cases, pamphlets, magazines and news- 
 paper publications, and in part from biographical notices in "Wilkie's Chicago 
 Bar," "The Biographical Encyclopaedia of Illinois," and in "The United States 
 Biographical Dictionary." 
 
 JOHN L. KING. 
 
 JOHN LYLE KING was born, 1825, in Madison, Indiana, and is a son of 
 the late Victor King, a merchant of that city, who was one of the pioneer 
 settlers of that section, and for fifty years actively identified with the growth 
 and interests of Madison. He was also one of the founders and most liberal 
 patrons of Hanover College and of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, 
 now the Theological Seminary of the Northwest, at Chicago. 
 
 John Lyle King was a graduate of Hanover College when that institution was 
 under the presidency of Rev. Dr. E. D. MacMaster. From his relationship it was 
 almost a matter of course that he should prepare for the legal profession. One 
 uncle, Joseph G. Lyle, of Georgetown, Kentucky, and another uncle, Wilberforce 
 Lyle, of Madison, Indiana, were eminent lawyers, while Joseph G. Marshall, also 
 of the latter city, who was the leader of the bar and of the whig party of Indiana, 
 was a near relative. He accordingly entered the office of Wilberforce Lyle as a 
 student, and shortly after his admission to the bar his uncle and preceptor died. 
 In the following year Mr. King was admitted as an attorney of the supreme court 
 of the state. He afterward formed a partnership with S. C. Stevens, a former 
 judge of the supreme court, and one of the noted early abolitionists and free- 
 soilers of the West, and this connection lasted for several years. In 1852 he was 
 elected a representative in the legislature which was the first under the new con- 
 stitution of Indiana. The session lasted nearly six months, during which the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 59 
 
 whole statute law was revised, and the code of practice was also adopted. He 
 was one of the frequent and leading debaters in the discussions of the house, and 
 a warm advocate of reform in the law and practice. He was a great admirer of 
 Kossuth, and introduced into the house the joint resolutions of honor and hom- 
 age to the great Magyar orator and patriot which were passed, and in the ovation 
 tendered the exile Mr. King was chairman of the committee which presented the 
 Hungarian to the legislature. At a meeting of citizens of the capital he made a 
 Kossuth speech which gave him great eclat. He was a whig in politics, though 
 his party in the legislature was in a powerless minority. In a daily journal of 
 his native city, of which Owen Stuart, afterward colonel of a Chicago Irish regi- 
 ment in the war, was part proprietor, and to whose columns he was a constant 
 editorial contributor, he fulminated the first and most vigorous anti-Nebraska 
 articles in the state. 
 
 In the beginning of 1856 he removed to Chicago and formed a copartnership 
 with Joshua L. Marsh, then city attorney, and mainly managed the law busi- 
 ness of the city in the courts of record. He himself, in 1860, was elected (on the 
 John Wentworth ticket for mayor) city attorney, over the late Col. James A. 
 Mulligan. Without any assistance, and relying on his own knowledge, industry 
 and vigor, he conducted the city's whole law business during his term of office. 
 He subsequently acquired a large general practice, both civil and criminal, to 
 which he has since exclusively devoted himself. A very large share of his prac- 
 tice has been in jury trials, in which his resources, readiness and powers of advo- 
 cacy have won him much success and distinction. In a celebrated libel suit, in 
 1869, against the Chicago "Tribune," he particularly evinced his special powers, 
 and his speech, together with that of E. W. Evans, his associate counsel, was pub- 
 lished and had a wide circulation. He has from time to time contributed numer- 
 ous editorial and other articles, chiefly on legal subjects and favoring law reform, 
 to Chicago journals. During his professional life his pen has been prolific. On 
 his motion, the Chicago Law Institute in 1872 adopted a resolution in favor of a 
 change in the mode of reporting and publishing the decisions of the supreme 
 court, so as to secure their speedier and cheaper appearance. As chairman of the 
 institute committee he prepared the "Address of the Chicago Law Institute to 
 the Bar and Press of the State," a pamphlet of unusual force and brilliancy. 
 
 This biographical sketch would be incomplete without some reference to his 
 merits and qualities as a lawyer and man. His sterling merits are appreciated by 
 all who know him personally. He has a high sense of honor and principle, which 
 places him beyond suspicion of craft and trick in his profession. He is a true 
 and genial friend, and of noted and unswerving fidelity to his clients and of 
 untiring zeal for their interests, and is courteous and affable with his brother 
 members of the bar. He has a keen sense of professional rectitude, and is zealous 
 only for just and rightful success, and commands the respect and attention of the 
 court for his law and logic, while before a jury he is ranked among the foremost 
 of advocates. His briefs in the supreme and appellate courts are concise and
 
 60 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 models of logic and legal acumen, and may be read as exceptional specimens of 
 legal ability, industry and research, frequently relieved by allusions and illustra- 
 tions which show the breadth, richness and variety of an extensive and liberal 
 culture. His attainments in general literature, aside from his professional ones, 
 which are of the first order, are of no common kind, as is manifest from his written 
 compositions and in his forensic efforts. Shakspeare has evidently been much 
 studied by him, and an occasional felicitous phrase or quotation from the great 
 dramatist has well served him to illustrate a position, or to point or impress an 
 appeal. 
 
 In 1878 he made a venture into the field of authorship, in the publication of 
 an elegant volume entitled "Trouting on the Brule River, or Summer Wayfaring 
 in the Northern Wilderness." The volume relates the experiences of the author 
 and his party of professional companions in the woods and on the waters of the 
 northern wildernesses of Wisconsin and Michigan, while tenting and trouting on 
 the Brule river their summer vacations away. It is written in a charming and 
 attractive style, with the enthusiasm of a lover of books and of the great book of 
 nature a style always flowing and vigorous, often graphic and brilliant, with a 
 delicate and subtle vein of humor and pleasantry, abounding in happy allusions, 
 with passages bordering on poetry, and occasional graceful professional turns of 
 thought, just enough to remind us it is a lawyer writing of lawyers in their 
 holiday freedom and play. This book has passed into a second edition. 
 
 Mr. King is still an active practitioner at the Chicago bar, and is enjoying the 
 full fruition of an honorable and successful professional career. 
 
 HON. LEWIS H. BISBEE. 
 
 E^WIS H. BISBEE was born in the town of Derby, Orleans county, Vermont, 
 March 28, 1839. His father, David Bisbee, was a farmer. His education 
 was acquired in the public schools of his native town up to the time his ambition 
 for a higher education led him to seek the means to obtain it. He worked on a 
 farm summers, attending school winters, until about sixteen years of age, when 
 he fell back upon his own resources to make a further advance in the direction of 
 accomplishing the designs he had formed for his future. He had the courage, 
 the ambition, the energy and the tenacity of purpose to overcome material obsta- 
 cles. Prepared for college in the academies at Glover, Derby and Morrisville, in 
 northern Vermont, and entered St. Hyacinth College, near Montreal, Canada, 
 when but nineteen years of age, graduating when twenty-one. The course there 
 being conducted in the French language he mastered it, and is now a proficient 
 French scholar. He subsequently read law with J. L. Edwards, a prominent prac- 
 titioner at Derby, paying his way mainly by teaching French, and was admitted 
 to practice in June 1862. This course and outcome is a forcible illustration of the 
 power and conquering force of mind and well directed will power in overcoming
 
 H I-'. Conprr Jr *. I'll
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 63 
 
 obstacles which appear to those of less vigorous intellect and decided purpose 
 insurmountable. The same month he was admitted to the bar he enlisted as a 
 private in Co. E, gth Vt. Inf., and was afterward promoted to the captaincy of Co. 
 H of the same regiment, and served with decided credit through all the hardships 
 and severe service which that excellent regiment passed, and was always found at 
 the front, in the thickest of whatever battle or service it was engaged in, which 
 were many and often severe. He was captured at Harper's Ferry, released on 
 parole and sent to Camp Douglas, Chicago, where he remained until exchanged, 
 when he rejoined his regiment and remained with it until 1864, when he resigned 
 on account of sickness and returned to Newport, Vermont, and engaged in the 
 practice of law, soon building up an extensive and lucrative business. 
 
 About this time he married Miss Jane E. Hinman, the accomplished daughter 
 of Aaron Hinman, of Derby, one of the first families in Vermont, and of that good 
 old New England stock, the virtues and morals of which have spread through the 
 West, permeating and elevating the tone and character of the people wherever 
 they find lodgment. Mrs. Bisbee is an estimable, amiable and interesting woman, 
 who presides with dignity over a home of attractive and pleasant surroundings. 
 The elegant and costly residence which Mr. Bisbee has recently built in the beau- 
 tiful suburban town of Hyde Park would grace and ornament the choicest resi- 
 dence streets of Chicago or any other city. The hospitality and good cheer met 
 with there are in keeping with the elegant home, whose hosts are esteemed by 
 their friends and in social circles. They have an interesting and pleasant family, 
 which makes the otherwise attractive home the more attractive. 
 
 In 1865 Mr. Bisbee was elected states attorney of Orleans county, where he 
 lived, and was reelected in 1867, but soon resigned to accept the position of 
 deputy collector of customs, which office he filled until 1869, when he was elected 
 to the legislature. He was reelected in 1870. He was an active and prominent 
 member of that body, being a member of the most important committees, and 
 was the leader of his party in debates, contested legislation and was acknowledged 
 to be the best, most vigorous and effective speaker on the floor in extempore 
 debate. He made his mark there and also his impress upon the acts of that body 
 of men. From 1865 to 1870 he was United States commissioner from Newport 
 under the extradition treaty. 
 
 In May, 1871, he moved to Chicago, and had hardly become rooted in business 
 when occurred the great fire. In the reorganization, rebuilding and reestablishing 
 of order out of the confusion and chaotic condition in which the fire left every- 
 thing he came to the front by virtue of his superior intelligence, tact, energy and 
 judgment. Old established lines of prejudices and ruts of business were partially 
 obliterated by the fire, and Lewis H. Bisbee saw his opportunity to enter an open 
 field for a free and equal contest for a high position, in which the bravest and 
 best were sure to win. He had unwavering faith in the future of Chicago, seized 
 the opportunity and has won. 
 
 He has been associated with different persons in his practice, but much of the 
 7
 
 64 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 time alone. He has been and is one of the most successful jury and chancery 
 lawyers in the Northwest. He enjoys a large and lucrative practice of the higher 
 order. His conduct of the case known as the B. F. Allen Blanket-mortgage 
 case, for Hoyt Sherman, especially, was conducted with great ability and tact, 
 and he was highly complimented by courts and bar ; also, the noted Sturges 
 case and many others could be enumerated, for the management of which he has 
 won signal credit. Few attorneys have attained to such high position at the bar 
 in .so short a time. 
 
 In 1878 he was elected to the legislature of Illinois, receiving nearly the unani- 
 mous vote of his district, one of the most populous and wealthy in this state. In 
 this body, which counts among its members some of the ablest men in the state, 
 he at once took a leading position as a ready and able debater and an influential 
 and judicious legislator, originating and championing some of the most important 
 measures. He nominated John A. Logan for United States senator in a speech 
 the eloquence and force of which did much to secure his election, which followed. 
 He is a natural orator, a clean-cut, incisive and logical thinker and reasoner, a 
 man of fine figure and physique and of commanding presence, which, with his 
 attractive delivery, makes him an effective and interesting, a graceful and forcible 
 speaker before a jury or a promiscuous audience. He is an ardent republican, 
 and his voice and eloquence are heard in the important campaigns when the prin- 
 ciples of the party are at stake. He is an affable, genial and generously endowed 
 gentleman under all circumstances. Clothed with becoming dignity he is still 
 without vanity ; courteous and obliging, but permitting no undue familiarity ; 
 painstaking and earnest in the interests of his clients, with fidelity to integrity 
 and honor ; gifted by nature with the sturdy qualities of mind, heart and body 
 so characteristic of the best New England stock, he has developed and improved 
 them. He is a successful man as a lawyer, and a good citizen, a man of exem- 
 plary habits. He is a self-made man in the fullest sense, and being in the prime 
 of life there is a future of promise before him. He has already illustrated the 
 annals of this state at the bar, in the legislature and in shaping public opinion 
 and sentiment : a man of force and character, he is liable to make a still further 
 impress on the history of his time. 
 
 HUNTINGTON W. JACKSON. 
 
 HUNTINGTON WOLCOTT JACKSON was born January 28, 1841, at 
 Newark, New Jersey, and is the son of John P. Jackson and Elizabeth 
 (Wolcott) Jackson. His father, who was an eminent lawyer in New Jersey, died 
 December 10, 1861, and in a memorial is spoken of as follows: 
 
 "Mr. Jackson was born at Aquackanock, New Jersey, in the year 1805, and 
 graduated at Princeton College at an early age, taking the highest honor. He 
 immediately entered upon the study of the law, pursuing his studies at the old
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 65 
 
 Litchfield Law School. In the spring of 1827 he was admitted to practice at the 
 bar. Few men in the state have filled larger spheres of usefulness than Mr. Jack- 
 son. His father was the late Peter Jackson, who was known in former times, 
 both in New York and New Jersey, as a successful merchant. The Jackson 
 family are of Scotch-Irish descent. Its first emigrant to this country was James 
 Jackson, who settled on the banks of the Hudson. The maternal ancestors of Mr. 
 Jackson were Dutch, and the names of Brinckerhoff, Schuyler and Van-Der-Linde, 
 borne by the highly respectable and pious Hollanders who emigrated hither are 
 found in his direct lineage, within the third degree upward." 
 
 The following also is an extract from a memorial of Mrs. Elizabeth Wolcott 
 Jackson, who died October 15, 1875: 
 
 " Mrs. Jackson was a native of Litchfield, Connecticut, a village long since 
 distinguished for its social, educational and religious advantages. The great 
 grandfather of Mrs. Jackson, Maj-Gen. Roger Wolcott, was the first governor 
 of Connecticut. Her grandfather was Oliver Wolcott, Sr., a signer of the Decla- 
 ration of Independence. Her uncle, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., was secretary of the 
 treasury under Gen. Washington. Her father was Frederick Wolcott, who occu- 
 pied judicial positions for forty years in his native state. Her mother was a 
 Huntington and a member of that branch of the family distinguished in Con- 
 necticut during the revolution." 
 
 Mr. H. W. Jackson prepared for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mas- 
 sachusetts, and entered Princeton College in 1859. At the close of his junior 
 year he left college and went into the army, serving in various grades, and in 1865 
 was brevetted lieutenant-colonel. He was appointed aide-de-camp upon the staff of 
 Maj-Gen. John Newton, commanding the first army corps, and participated in the 
 battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and other engagements 
 of the Army of the Potomac, and was with the Army of the Cumberland in Sher- 
 man's campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta. He was wounded at Kenesaw 
 Mountain, and was present at the fall of Atlanta. A sketch of Mr. Jackson's mil- 
 itary record is given in " Foster's New Jersey and the Rebellion," page 761. 
 
 Upon returning to civil life he entered Harvard Law School and remained one 
 year, when he went abroad. After traveling in Europe for about a year he 
 returned to his home and resumed the study of law in the office of his brother, 
 the late John P. Jackson, Jr., of Newark, New Jersey. In the fall of 1867 he 
 entered the office of Messrs. Waite and Clarke, of Chicago, where he completed 
 his studies, and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1868. He at once com- 
 menced practice, forming a partnership with Mr. D. B. Lyman, July i, 1868, 
 which partnership still continues. In politics Mr. Jackson is a republican. He 
 was elected supervisor of South Chicago, and continued the reforms instituted by 
 his predecessors, Robert T. Lincoln and Edward G. Mason. He was appointed 
 by the Hon. John J. Knox, comptroller of the currency, receiver and attorney of 
 the Third National Bank of Chicago, and his management of the affairs of that 
 institution has received high commendation both from official and public sources.
 
 66 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 In his professional character Mr. Jackson combines native ability, the rich- 
 ness of a varied experience, and profound learning. To the polish and culture of 
 the scholar is added the strength and vigor of a clear, practical judgment. Care- 
 ful and conscientious, he never hazards an opinion, and gives his counsels only as 
 the result of convincing research. As an advocate he is earnest, concise, and 
 convincing. His professional career has been characterized by a marked success, 
 and he is esteemed, both by his legal brethren and all with whom he has to do, as 
 an able, dignified, and high-minded lawyer. 
 
 W. IRVING CULVER. 
 
 WASHINGTON IRVING CULVER, of the firm of McCagg and Culver, is a 
 New Hampshire man, who was born at New Market, Rockingham county, 
 July 19, 1844. His father is Adna Bryant Culver, a retired railroad contractor 
 and superintendent, now residing in Boston. His mother was Hannah H. San- 
 born, a member of an old New Hampshire family, for which the town of Sanborn- 
 ton was named more than a hundred years ago. The paternal grandfather of 
 our subject, John Culver, was a farmer in northern Vermont. 
 
 In 1852 Adna B. Culver removed to the West with his family. After complet- 
 ing his literary education at the Tippecanoe Battle Ground Academy, near La- 
 fayette, Indiana, Irving taught school one winter, being then seventeen years of 
 age. He also worked for a brief time at railroading, and was subsequently in the 
 general ticket office at New Albany, Indiana. 
 
 In January, 1862, he commenced reading law in the office of Messrs. Scammon, 
 McCagg and Fuller, of Chicago; was admitted to practice in September, 1866, and 
 has always remained with Mr. McCagg, into whose partnership he was taken in 
 1870. Their practice is exclusively civil. Mr. Culver is extremely careful in the 
 examination of his cases, and is noted for the perspicuity and decision, and at 
 the same time gentleness, with which he presses them. Unwearied and pains- 
 taking in his researches, he is always prepared to meet his adversary, and to 
 anticipate the arguments which that adversary will present. The perfect sincer- 
 ity and modesty of Mr. Culver command the respect of the court, so that, in 
 presenting his case, he has the closest attention. 
 
 Mr. Culver has been for several years treasurer of the Illinois Charitable Eye 
 and Ear Infirmary, and librarian of the Chicago Law Institute, and was at one 
 time vice-president, and is now attorney and one of the trustees of the North- 
 western Masonic Aid Association. He is past master of Landmark Lodge, No. 
 422, of that order, a knight templar, and a member of Fairview Chapter, No. 161, 
 and of Apollo Commandery, No. i. 
 
 In political sentiment Mr. Culver is a republican, but his love for his profes- 
 sional work prevents his taking any active part in political affairs. His leisure 
 time is given almost entirely to reading, and to literary as well as legal study, he
 
 KCConiMr Jr S C.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 67 
 
 having always had a great love for books. In addition to the excellent law 
 library of the firm, amounting to about 4,000 volumes, Mr. Culver has a well 
 selected library of miscellaneous books, to which he is adding from year to year. 
 He has written and lectured some, particularly on masonic matters, and among 
 his lectures on that subject, delivered before Landmark Lodge, and published 
 in the " Voice of Masonry," was one that was republished in the " Masonic 
 Magazine," London, England. 
 
 With his natural fondness for study, his untiring industry, and his careful and 
 methodical division of labor, Mr. Culver cannot fail of success either in his pro- 
 fession or literary pursuits. 
 
 He was married on February 24, 1869, to Miss Sarah T. Barnes, a daughter of 
 Samuel Barnes, who, in his life-time was a prosperous farmer at Battle Ground, 
 Indiana. 
 
 LUTHER LAFLIN MILLS. 
 
 THE subject of this biography, although one of the younger members of the 
 Chicago bar, is one of its brightest lights, who, by native fitness for his 
 profession, and brilliancy of talent, has gained an eminence attained but by few. 
 Descending from pure New England ancestry, he traces his lineage back to the 
 Plymouth colony of 1620. 
 
 He was born in North Adams, Massachusetts, September 3, 1848, the son of 
 Walter N. Mills, and Caroline (Smith) Mills, his mother being the youngest 
 daughter of Alpheus Smith, of that place. When Luther was about a year old 
 his father moved to Chicago and opened a dry goods house which for many 
 years subsequently flourished under the name of Mills and Co. Here he received 
 his early education in the public schools, and later attended the Michigan State 
 University, which institution he left in 1868, in the junior year of his college 
 course. He subsequently studied law with Homer N. Hibbard, of Chicago, and 
 was admitted to the bar when but twenty-one years of age. In school and in his 
 legal studies he was an apt and bright student, and came out with high honors, 
 leaving the impression among his teachers and classmates that he must rise above 
 the average of men in his chosen profession, and take a stand " higher up," where 
 Daniel Webster said there is always " plenty of room," predictions which have 
 been fully realized. Selecting his profession, he set his standard high, worked 
 assiduously to attain it and has already reached a distinction which cannot but 
 command admiration and incite to emulation. 
 
 At the outset of his professional career his talents and attainments soon com- 
 manded public attention, and in 1876, when but twenty-eight years of age, he 
 was nominated on the republican ticket, and elected to the office of states attor- 
 ney of Cook county, running four thousand votes ahead of his ticket. At the 
 expiration of his term of office, in 1880, he was reelected by a still larger major- 
 ity, thus evidencing his increased popularity, and the general satisfaction which
 
 68 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 his conduct of his office had given. A brilliant orator, a logical and rapid 
 thinker, a clear-headed lawyer, a genial gentleman and an honest and just man, 
 he has, during his official career, been a bulwark against the flood of criminality 
 in Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Mills is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of Apollo Commandery; and 
 while in. college, became a member of the Psi Upsilon Fraternity. He is a man of 
 sterling social qualities, courteous and generous, and the center of a wide range 
 of warm personal friends. 
 
 He was married November 15, 1876, to Miss Ella J. Boies, an accomplished 
 daughter of Joseph M. Boies, of Saugerties, New York. They have four chil- 
 dren, and live surrounded by the pleasures and comforts of a happy home. 
 
 EDWARD ROBY. 
 
 EDWARD ROBY was born August 31, 1840, at Brockport, New York, of New 
 England parents, who, about 1820, had moved into the then extreme West. 
 His descent being from the earliest settlers at Boston, and collaterally from Miles 
 Standish, John Alden, and Peregrine White, he was of course connected by blood 
 with the best of New England, but, as his father died in 1847 and his life was 
 soon after turned to that of a student, he never came in contact with his eastern 
 kin. Similarity to them in modes of thought appears as a matter of race, not of 
 association; yet those modes of thought have made whatever of success at the 
 bar he has achieved. Mr. Roby settled in Chicago in 1865, after the close of the 
 war, and at once took an office alone and commenced practice. He was married 
 in 1876, to Mrs. Lelia P. Magoun, who was born in Boston of the same pilgrim 
 ancestry; a lady rarely combining a thorough acquaintance with all domestic 
 duties with education and intellectual attainments of the highest order; unex- 
 celled in needlework and in every detail of a home, she is as well a connoisseur in 
 architecture and in art; having an extensive acquaintance with the languages, 
 and with scientific and general literature, it would not be strange if the lawyer's 
 briefs should shine with a borrowed luster. And yet she is thoroughly a woman, 
 filling the high mission of mother and wife as first of all. Two stalwart boys, of 
 strong muscles and large brains, promise at the proper time to take up their 
 share of the world's work, perhaps as lawyers, though it is yet too soon to tell. 
 
 Mr. Roby's first two cases in the supreme court were in 1868, and were both 
 successful. From that time forward he has exerted a greater influence on public 
 affairs by litigation than any man in the state. Before the constitution of 1870, 
 abuses of the power of eminent domain caused him to assail the provisions of the 
 charter of Chicago vesting the board of public works and common council with 
 power to determine the amount of compensation to be given, and the system of 
 exerting the power of eminent domain which had been in use for twenty years 
 went down before the assault.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 69 
 
 The old constitution had been frittered away by judicial construction in many 
 of its most important provisions. Legal opinions were given that the provisions 
 of the constitution of 1870 as to collecting revenue were a dead letter, and would 
 not take effect until enforced by legislation. The city government of Chicago 
 acted on this view, prevented legislation and attempted the collection of the taxes 
 and assessments of 1870, as if the new constitution did not exist. The superior 
 court by its judgments sustained the city's action. Mr. Roby took the questions 
 to the supreme court, and on January 22, 1872, that court delivered its opinion in 
 the case of Webster vs. the City of Chicago, and one hundred and twenty-two other 
 cases taken by him to that court, declaring the constitution effectual as a living 
 law, and annulling more than half a million dollars of tax sales. Petition for 
 rehearing was made by eminent counsel, but in April the court delivered a second 
 opinion on the subject in the case of Hills, and the motion for rehearing was 
 never called up. 
 
 In 1873 a special statute had been obtained by Chicago to keep up the special 
 city offices for assessment and collection of the city revenue, though the constitu- 
 tion required general laws for city government, and this law made an exception 
 of any city from the operation of the general laws. The city taxes were assessed 
 under the special law, but were in part defeated because there seemed to be some 
 defect of details. The constitutional question was ignored by the court, and the 
 city obtained an amendment to the statute to cover the defect as to details; the 
 taxes of 1874 were levied under the amended statute. A special charter was also 
 obtained to be adopted by any city in lieu of the general city incorporation law of 
 the state. It 'was adopted by a vote of the people of Chicago, and Thomas Hoyne 
 was elected mayor under it. It was known as the charter of 1875. The tax stat- 
 ute was known as bill 300. Upon the application for judgment for the tax of 
 1874 Mr. Roby forced the fight on the constitutional ground from the outset, 
 obtaining the first place on the calendar and making the single objection to the 
 constitutionality of the law. The county court, Gen. M. R. M. Wallace presid- 
 ing, held the law unconstitutional, and the city appealed. In the supreme court 
 Mr. Roby alone argued the constitutional question, saying to the court that a mil- 
 lion and three-quarters of city taxes were represented in the record, and if the 
 question was not then decided the next year the whole tax levy would come 'up. 
 The result was a victory for the constitution, and the special charter and special 
 tax law fell together. The decision was made in the case of City of Chicago vs. 
 Cooper. 
 
 From 1870 to 1875 Chicago expended $12,500,000 more than its entire rev- 
 enues, and under a system of temporary loans was pushing rapidly into bank- 
 ruptcy. Its revenues were about $6,000,000 a year, while it spent $8,500,000. The 
 tax contests culminating in 1876 cut off many extravagances, and taught the offi- 
 cers that the city could be carried on for much less than had been levied, still it 
 was found very easy to obtain money on temporary loans, and the most economi- 
 cal mayor and aldermen could not resist the pressure of the various officers for
 
 JO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 extravagance. In 1875 a pamphlet, written by the comptroller and corporation 
 counsel and endorsed by fifteen of the leading lawyers of Chicago, was issued, 
 asserting the legality of the temporary loans, notwithstanding the constitutional 
 prohibition, and used to float $4,500,000 of scrip. In March, 1877, Mr. Roby filed 
 a bill in the name of Judge Henry Fuller, plaintiff, praying an injunction against 
 the payment of any of this scrip. It was not intended to destroy the integrity of 
 Chicago, nor to injure any one who in good faith had loaned money; but it oper- 
 ated to bring such a pressure that the city officers curtailed expenses to the 
 utmost, and by the time the supreme court had decided the case, and that the 
 injunction should be issued, every dollar of the illegal scrip had been paid.' It 
 had been demonstrated that the city could be sustained on $4,000,000 a year, with- 
 out going in debt; and the present excellent condition of low taxation and free- 
 dom from debt, is directly traceable to these contests. 
 
 Mr. Roby is mainly devoted to real estate law and to equity cases, being called 
 into many cases as counsel by other lawyers, and having considerable reputation 
 for learning concerning real estate titles. Occasionally he goes into common 
 law cases not connected with real estate, to show that his education on that 
 branch was not neglected, and to keep up his acquaintance with it. 
 
 He is a true gentleman and bears the impress of culture and refinement; 
 urbane in his manner, kind and courteous, he is yet firm, and has in his character 
 many elements of popularity. He possesses one of the finest law libraries in 
 Chicago, and being a close and careful student, and a clear thinker, has gained a 
 high reputation as a lawyer of sound judicial mind, especially able and reliable 
 in questions and matters involving constitutional law, and the graver subjects of 
 his profession. 
 
 HON. LESTER L. BOND. 
 
 OF the many able lawyers in the Northwest who make a specialty of patent 
 law and patent causes, Hon. Lester L. Bond has no superior. Endowed by 
 nature with a comprehensive mind, and great mechanical ingenuity, he has 
 attained great proficiency in the arts and sciences especially applicable to that 
 branch of his profession to which he has given particular attention. He is 
 learned not only in mechanics, but also in chemistry and natural philosophy; he 
 has, also, a thorough knowledge of law, and the general practice, being a good 
 special pleader, conversant with all of the rules of practice in both the state and 
 United States courts. He is thoroughly posted in all of the decisions of the 
 courts in Europe and America bearing upon patent litigation. He is a very able 
 trial lawyer, a logical reasoner, and an excellent advocate. 
 
 The practice of his firm extends from Portland, Maine, to San Francisco, Cal- 
 ifornia. Mr. Bond is often called into the courts in the eastern cities, where he 
 has measured lances with many of the ablest lawyers in America, and on such
 
 
 HCCo.pn-Jri Co 
 
 Enq liy i C'AY, !,.-,,'. a-.VI
 
 ! ! V
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 73 
 
 occasions, has received high encomiums from both bench and bar, for his skill, 
 profound knowledge of the law and depth of reason in his arguments. 
 
 In the United States Supreme Court at Washington, where he tries a large 
 number of cases every year, he stands very high, having in addition to great legal 
 lore, and ability in his profession, a keen sense of justice, the principles of which 
 he is ever ready to uphold with a zeal that reflects credit upon himself, and sus- 
 tains the dignity and honor of his profession. Mr. Bond is a gentleman of fine 
 presence, weighing over two hundred and fifty pounds, is over six feet high and 
 is easy and graceful in his movements. He is affable in his manner and secures 
 the friendship of all who are favored with his acquaintance. 
 
 Lester Legrand Bond is a native of Ohio, and a son of Jonas Bond, of 
 Ravenna, where our subject was born, October 27, 1829. His father removed 
 from Connecticut and settled in Ohio in 1824. His mother, before marriage, was 
 Miss Elizabeth Story, a relative of the celebrated jurist and legal author, the late 
 Judge Story, of the United States Supreme Court. 
 
 Lester L. attended select school in his native town four years, and afterward 
 entered Ellsworth Academy. Leaving there at the age of eighteen, he assisted 
 his father in farming and manufacturing in the summer, and attended school 
 during the winter months. During this period he acquired a taste for mechan- 
 ics, which in later years asserted itself in his profession as a lawyer. In 1850 he 
 commenced the study of the law with Francis W. Tappen in Ravenna, and after- 
 ward continued his studies with Messrs. Bierce and Jefferies, the senior partner of 
 which firm, Gen. Bierce, was considered one of the ablest criminal lawyers in 
 northeastern Ohio ; after completing his studies he was admitted to the bar at 
 Akron, in October 1853. In October, 1854, he settled in Chicago and com- 
 menced the practice of the law. His means were limited and he had but two 
 acquaintances in the city. His business, therefore, was for some time necessarily 
 small, and in the hope of bettering his circumstances he joined his name with 
 that of a young man in the commission business. His partner absconded, leav- 
 ing him to settle the debts of the firm. This occurrence was very embarrassing, 
 but he struggled through it, and discharged all of his obligations. 
 
 About the year 1859 some parties, knowing the natural taste of Mr. Bond for 
 mechanical studies, employed him to take charge of their patent interests, as well 
 as to procure other patents for their inventions. This soon led to considerable 
 business, which continued to increase until 1869, when he concluded to withdraw 
 from the general practice of the profession, and devote himself exclusively to 
 patent business, since which time the marvelous growth of manufactures, and the 
 steadily increasing reputation of Mr. Bond as a patent lawyer, had a tendency to 
 fill his office with business, and in 1864 he became associated with the law firm of 
 West, Bond and Driscoll, he himself taking charge of the business pertaining to 
 patents. The following year Mr. Driscoll was elected city attorney, which made 
 it necessary for him to withdraw from the firm, and the business was continued 
 under the name of West and Bond, 

 
 74 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 On account of the large experience acquired by Mr. Bond in patent cases, and 
 also his familiarity with mechanics, he has been intrusted with very important 
 cases, and at an early period in his practice was frequently called upon as an 
 expert in important trials, in matters relating to patents. Among the cases in 
 which he has been engaged as counselor, may be mentioned those of the Bab- 
 cock Fire Extinguisher, the Evarts Shingle Mill, the Tubular Lantern, the Marsh 
 Harvester, the Keystone Corn Planter, the Kenyon Cultivator and numerous 
 other cultivator cases. He defended the Moline Plow Company in its numerous 
 contested cases, also the Furst and Bradley Manufacturing Company, was con- 
 nected with the Barbed Wire Fence cases, and was on one side or the other, 
 usually on the defense, in nearly all of the agricultural implement cases that have 
 been tried in the seventh United States circuit. 
 
 His skill, which was. so evidently manifested in these and other cases, has 
 placed him at the head of his profession in this department. 
 
 In politics he has been a republican since he has had a vote, his father having 
 joined the free-soil party in 1844. His first experience of political position was 
 in 1852, when he was sent as a town delegate to the Pittsburgh convention, 
 which nominated John P. Hale for president. 
 
 In 1863 he was elected alderman from the eleventh ward of the city of Chi- 
 cago, and was in 1864 reelected for two years, and at the expiration of his term 
 was again tendered the office from both parties, but on account of the pressure of 
 his business, was compelled to decline. 
 
 In 1867 he was elected to the state legislature, and reelected in 1869. During 
 this session he was chairman of the judiciary committee, the most important in 
 the house. In his first term he was a member of the committee on internal 
 improvements, and aided largely in procuring the passage of the act for the 
 improvement of the Illinois River. 
 
 Contrary to his wishes, in 1871, just after the great fire, he was placed on the 
 ticket for alderman of the tenth ward, and was elected. 
 
 In 1873 Hon. Joseph Medill obtained leave of absence for the remainder of his 
 term as mayor, on account of ill health, and Mr. Bond was elected by the council 
 to fill the place for the remainder of the term. The following November he was 
 nominated for mayor for two years, and although he received the large number 
 of eighteen thousand five hundred votes, was defeated by Mr. Colvin. During 
 Mr. Bond's short term of the office of mayor the panic occurred, and he, with 
 others, taking a decided stand against the issue of scrip, the credit of the city 
 was maintained. He also reorganized the fire department so satisfactorily that 
 the organization was not afterward disturbed, and settled the long standing 
 claims of the gas companies on a basis that has since been followed. 
 
 Mr. Bond was for four years a member of the board of education, and in 1872 
 was presidential elector for the second congressional district of Illinois. In all 
 these various positions he has distinguished himself for his energy, prudence and 
 faithfulness.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 75 
 
 He was married October 12, 1856, to Miss Amie Scott AspinwaH, daughter of 
 Rev. Nathaniel W. Aspinwall, of Peacham, Vermont, a lady of excellent womanly 
 qualities, and an affectionate wife. They have one daughter. They are both 
 members of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church, of Chicago. 
 
 AUGUSTUS VAN BUREN. 
 
 A UGUSTUS VAN BUREN was born in Penn Van, Yates county, New 
 r\. York, in the year 1832. He was educated at Kinderhook, and at the age of 
 sixteen, entered his father's office at Penn Yan, and commenced the study of law. 
 While yet under age he was admitted to the bar at Rochester, New York, with 
 leave to practice after attaining his majority. 
 
 In 1850 he went to California where he dug gold, kept store and practiced 
 law. His first law case was the defense of an Indian for murder, before the 
 mayor of the city of Stockton. His defense was eminently successful, as there 
 was no one to prosecute the case. The Indian agreed to give him a fee of $800, 
 which he had buried, but was killed before obtaining it, so "Gus," as he is 
 familiarly called by his legal associates, never received a cent. 
 
 This was good encouragement for a lawyer just commencing to practice, but 
 the legal bent was in the young man's mind, and after remaining a little over a 
 year in California, he returned to Penn Yan for a short time, and then removed 
 to St. Clair, Michigan. While at St. Clair he was nominated for district attorney 
 of the county, but being a democrat, was not elected. 
 
 In 1858 he settled in Chicago, and formed a partnership with his father, which 
 still exists. His practice met with encouragement almost from the first, and 
 to-day Mr. Van Buren is acknowledged to be one of the most successful criminal 
 lawyers in the city. It might almost be said of him as the pirate said of Rufus 
 Choate, that he felt that the great advocate would clear him if he were found 
 with the victim's money in his boots. But the pirate did not recognize the fact 
 that Mr. Choate, in order to win a cause, had to believe in his client's innocence, 
 a fact which is true of Mr. Van Buren. 
 
 That he has saved from the gallows some criminals who ought to have " felt 
 the halter draw," is undoubtedly true, but in a great majority of the cases, over 
 one hundred in number, in which the public has had an interest, which he has 
 tried, and not one of which he has finally lost, it is fair to assume that the victims 
 of circumstantial evidence have been saved from undeserved death by the 
 shrewdness and eloquence of this advocate. 
 
 Mr. Van Buren has probably been engaged in as many important criminal 
 cases as any lawyer in the Northwest. One, of marked notoriety, was that of 
 Joseph Crawford, who was tried for the murder of William Shanley, one of the 
 most brutal murders ever committed. Mr. Van Buren, with great industry and 
 perseverance, saved him from the scaffold.
 
 76 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The most important trial, however, and one which became widely known, was 
 that of Joseph St. Peter and Mrs. Clarke, tried for the murder of Alviro Clarke, 
 the husband of Mrs. Annie Clarke. John Van Arnam was employed to assist 
 the states attorney. Mr. Van Buren was the leading counselor for the defense, 
 and acquired a great reputation for his skillful management of the case. Both 
 defendants were acquitted. 
 
 As a lawyer Mr. Van Buren is characterized by persistence, watchfulness, readi- 
 ness to take advantage of any weakness in favor of his clients, together with a 
 keen appreciation of the intricacies of the law, qualities in an adversary which 
 are difficult to overcome, and it is doubtful if in the history of jurisprudence in 
 Illinois Mr. Van Buren's uniform success can be matched. His firm has a large 
 practice, Judge E. Van Buren, his father, being associated with him. Personally 
 he is very popular, and as a lawyer possesses high legal attainments. 
 
 HON. HORACE F. WAITE. 
 
 HORACE F. WAITE was born in Lyme, New London county, Connecticut, 
 March 15, 1824. His parents were Horace Waite and Martha (Raymond) 
 Waite. His uncle, Henry M. Waite, father of the present chief-justice of the 
 United States Supreme Court, was at one time chief-justice of the supreme court 
 of Connecticut. The family has produced many successful lawyers, and its vari- 
 ous members are well known in New England. As early as 1648 Thomas Wayte 
 (the name being then spelled with a " y ") acted as one of the judges of King 
 Charles I, and his signature appears on the famous warrant for the execution of 
 that misguided and unfortunate monarch. A facsimile of this document may be 
 seen in Smollett's " History of England," in the London edition of 1754. Mr. 
 Waite's immediate connections begin with Thomas Waite, who settled in Lyme, 
 Connecticut, in 1677, where portions of the family have ever since continued to 
 reside, and which they look upon as their family home. His parents having 
 removed to Lucas county, Ohio, his earlier and preparatory education was 
 received at Marietta College, whence he went to the Ohio University, where he 
 became noted for his acumen and power of grasping both detail and generali- 
 zation. Uopn the completion of his collegiate course, having decided to devote 
 himself to the legal profession, he entered the office of his cousin, the present 
 Chief Justice Waite, and under his supervision and able guidance was prepared 
 for admission to the bar. Soon after being admitted to practice, in December, 
 1851, he removed to Chicago. He became primarily a member of the law firm of 
 Shumway, Waite and Towne, and successively of the firms of Waite and Towne and 
 Waite, Towne and Clarke, now Waite and Clarke. He has a very extensive law 
 practice in the different branches of his profession; is a valued member of the bar 
 association, and stands high in the estimation of his colleagues and fellow citi-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 77 
 
 zens. In 1870, immediately on his return from Europe, he was nominated as a 
 candidate of the republican party for the state legislature, elected, and served as 
 a member of the twenty-seventh general assembly, and served on the judiciary 
 committee and on the committee on railroads; he also officiated as chairman of the 
 committee on municipalities, and in that capacity conducted himself with marked 
 ability and unerring judgment. In the twenty-eighth general assembly he was 
 chairman, and an influential member of the committee for county and township 
 organization. In 1872 he was elected to the state senate from the sixth Illinois 
 district for the term of four years. His record as a legislator is above taint or 
 suspicion, and in the fulfillment of the many important duties assigned to him he 
 has left no room for cavil or reproach. He has a keen perception of the legisla- 
 tion needed to subserve the best interests of the state and his constituents, and 
 gives to this character of legislation his warmest support. As in the court-room 
 and counselor's office, so also in the halls of the legislature he takes a prominent 
 position among the leading spirits, and by his scholarly attainments and strength 
 of character adds daily to the luster of his reputation as a law-maker and law- 
 expounder. He was married February 14, 1853, to Miss Jane E. Garfield, formerly 
 a resident of Lee, Massachusetts. 
 
 CHARLES A. DUPEE. 
 
 /CHARLES ANALOG DUPEE was born in West Brookfield, Massachusetts, 
 V_x May 22, 1831. His parents were Jacob Dupee and Lydia A. (Wetherbee) 
 Dupee, his father being descended from a French Huguenot, who emigrated to 
 Boston about the year 1685. 
 
 He began his preliminary education at an academy in the town of Monson, 
 and afterward continued it at the Williston Seminary at East Hampton, Massa- 
 chusetts. In 1850 he entered Yale College, where he graduated in 1854, with the 
 degree of A.B. In November of the latter year he removed to Chicago and 
 became the principal of a private school known as Edwards' Academy. He 
 remained in this position for six months, after which he spent some time in trav- 
 eling. Toward the close of the year 1855 he returned, and was appointed princi- 
 pal of one of the public schools of Chicago, a position which he held one year. 
 
 At this time the high school of Chicago was being organized, and Mr. Dupee 
 was selected for its principal. The task of forming and developing the system 
 of this school fell mainly upon him, and the form and shape which he impressed 
 upon it still remain, and have been copied in the systems of other high schools. 
 
 During the time of his filling this position he was the editor of the " Illinois 
 Teacher," a monthly magazine published in Chicago, principally for the use of 
 school teachers. 
 
 He had also been pursuing for some years, though in a somewhat desultory 
 manner, the study of law; but in 1860 he resigned his position of principal and
 
 78 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 began a systematic course of law study, first in the law school of Cambridge, 
 Massachusetts, and afterward in the office of Gallup and Hitchcock, in Chicago. 
 He was admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Illinois in 1861. About this 
 time he was offered the presidency of the State Normal School of Illinois, and 
 also the Latin professorship in the Chicago University, both of which proposals 
 he declined. 
 
 After admission to the bar he commenced the practice of the profession in 
 Chicago under his own name, and continued so for about one year, when he 
 entered into partnership with Mr. Jacob A. Cram, under the style of Dupee 
 and Cram. In 1863 Mr. Dupee was married to Miss Jennie Wells, daughter of 
 Henry G. Wells, one of the early settlers of Chicago. In 1864 the firm of Dupee 
 and Cram was dissolved and Mr. Dupee became a member of the firm of Hitch- 
 cock, Dupee and Evarts, which continued until 1872, when, by the retirement of 
 Mr. Evarts, the firm became Hitchcock and Dupee. In 1876 the firm of Hitch- 
 cock, Dupee and Judah was organized by the admission of Abel B. Judah. On 
 January 22, 1881, Mr. Dupee was bereft of his wife, and later, May 6, 1882, of 
 his friend and partner, Mr. Hitchcock, who had for so many years been associated 
 with him. By the death of Mr. Hitchcock the firm became Dupee and Judah, 
 which again changed in 1882 by the admission of Mr. M. L. Willard. Mr. Dupee 
 is a man of marked ability, and his success is the result of steady application to 
 his profession and unswerving integrity. He does not aspire to political distinc- 
 tion, but devotes his life to his profession. 
 
 HON. JOHN G. ROGERS. 
 
 ArtONG our Chicago men who have achieved eminence solely by excellence of 
 character, without any of the modern appliances by which unworthy per- 
 sons seek an undeserved and transient popularity, the subject of this sketch occu- 
 pies a conspicuous place. Modest and unassuming in disposition, courteous and 
 suave in manners, self-poised and dignified in demeanor, thoughtful of the feel- 
 ings and respectful toward the opinions of others, honorable in the highest and 
 best sense, possessing those delicate instincts which characterize the true gentle- 
 man, he affords a fine example of a successful career, as deserved as it is 
 conspicuous. 
 
 Judge Rogers was born at Glasgow, Kentucky, December 28, 1818. He is 
 descended from an old Virginia family whose ancestry left England about two 
 hundred years ago. His father, Dr. George Rogers, was a physician of eminence, 
 and was widely and very favorably known. Judge Rogers acquired his education 
 in the schools of his native country, and graduated as bachelor of laws from 
 Transylvania University, Kentucky, in 1841. Commencing immediately his pro- 
 fessional career in his native town, he soon acquired a large and lucrative prac- 
 tice, and won an honorable place in his profession.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 79 
 
 Desiring a wider field of influence he removed in 1857 to Chicago, where he 
 continued the practice of law, and was at once accorded a prominent position 
 among the ablest lawyers of this city. In July, 1870, he was elected judge of the 
 circuit court of Cook county, and in the general election of 1873 was reelected 
 for six years, and in 1879 was again reelected. 
 
 While not a violent partisan, Mr. Rogers has decided political views. In 
 early life he affiliated with the whigs of the old time, but since 1860 he has iden- 
 tified himself with the democratic party. 
 
 In 1849 he joined Glasgow Lodge, No. 65, Independent Order of Odd-Fel- 
 lows, and on his removal to Chicago connected himself with Excelsior Lodge, 
 No. 22. After having represented that body in the grand lodge for several years, 
 he was in 1863 elected grand master of Illinois, and in 1869 was chosen grand 
 representative to the grand lodge of the United States. In 1871 he was selected 
 as one of the Chicago relief committee, Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, and 
 was made its treasurer, and in this capacity received and dispensed not less 
 than $125,000. That committee received the highest commendations, not only 
 from the fraternitv, the almoner of whose bounty it was, but also from the public 
 cognizant of its acts, and its admirable conduct of the delicate work assigned to 
 it shed new luster upon the name of the beneficent order. 
 
 In 1844 Mr. Rogers was married to Arabelle E. Crenshaw, the eldest daughter 
 of B. Mills Crenshaw, a former chief-justice of Kentucky. Mrs. Rogers is an 
 amiable and accomplished lady, gentle and refined in her manners. Two sons 
 and two daughters have blessed their union, all of whom have come to manhood 
 and womanhood. Having amassed a competence by the exercise of a sagacious 
 foresight and the practice of a wise economy, surrounded by the comforts of an 
 elegant but not extravagant home, Judge Rogers lives chiefly in his official duties 
 and in the charms of a home life. He meets the requirements of society with 
 which he mingles, but finds his greatest solace and comfort in his library and the 
 companionship of his family. 
 
 Nature designed him for a judge. His mind is of the judicial order, and he 
 would in any place have been certain to have been sought out and placed upon 
 the bench. The high esteem which he unquestionably possesses as a jurist 
 among the entire profession is the result of a rare combination of fine legal 
 ability and culture and incorruptible integrity with that dignified presence and 
 graceful urbanity which characterizes all his official acts. 
 
 Like the poet, the judge is born, not made. To wear the ermine worthily, it 
 is not enough that one possesses legal acumen, be learned in the principles of 
 jurisprudence, familiar with precedents and thoroughly honest. Most men are 
 unable wholly to divest themselves of prejudice even when acting uprightly, and 
 are unconsciously warped in their judgments by their own mental characteristics 
 or the peculiarities of their education. This unconscious influence is a disturb- 
 ing force, a variable factor, which more or less enters into the final judgments of 
 all men. In the ideal jurist this factor becoming so small as not to be discrimin-
 
 8o THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 able in the result, the disturbing force practically ceases. There has never been 
 on the bench in Chicago a man better adapted in this respect to adorn and dig- 
 nify this high and responsible place than Judge John G. Rogers. 
 
 HON. ELIJAH B. SHERMAN. 
 
 OF Mr. Sherman it may be truthfully said that he belongs to that class of 
 self-made men to whom Chicago owes so much of its prosperity. He is of 
 Anglo-Welsh ancestry, his father being Elias H., and his mother Clarissa Wil- 
 marth, Sherman, who were residents of Fairfield, Vermont, where he was born 
 June 13, 1832. He remained upon the ancestral farm engaged in farm avocations 
 during the summer months, and in attending school and teaching during the 
 winter until about twenty-two years of age. In 1854 he removed to Brandon, 
 Vermont, where he was for a time employed as a clerk in a drug store. During 
 the following year he entered the academy at Manchester, where he began a 
 course of study preparatory to entering college. Upon leaving the academy he 
 entered Middlebury College at Middlebury, Vermont, where he completed the 
 full college course, graduating in 1860. From the first he took high rank in 
 college, and was selected as poet for the junior exhibition as well as for the 
 graduating exercises of his class. Since graduation he has been twice invited to 
 address the associated alumni of his college. 
 
 After graduation Mr. Sherman spent a year in teaching at South Woodstock, 
 Vermont, at the expiration of which time he took charge of the Brandon Semin- 
 ary, where he continued until May 1862. He then enlisted as a private in the gth 
 Vt. Inf., and was soon after elected lieutenant of Co. C. He served with his regi- 
 ment until January, 1863, when he resigned, his regiment then being on duty at 
 Camp Douglas, Chicago. He immediately entered upon the study of law, and 
 attended the full course of lectures at the law department of the University of 
 Chicago, graduating in 1864. He was admitted to the bar upon graduation, and 
 at once engaged in the practice of his profession in Chicago, and has been in 
 continuous and successful practice from that time. He has for several years been 
 the solicitor for the state auditor, and in that capacity has had charge of many 
 important litigations. As such solicitor he instituted the proceedings for closing 
 the affairs of the Republic Life Insurance Company, the Chicago Life Insurance 
 Company and the Protection Life Insurance Company, in all of which cases con- 
 stitutional questions of the first importance were involved. Mr. Sherman's inter- 
 pretations of the general insurance laws under which these companies are being 
 wound up have been sustained by the highest courts, and have thus become pre- 
 cedents .for guidance in future cases. One of these cases is now pending in the 
 Supreme Court of the United States, involving the entire question of legislative 
 control over corporations, and the extent to which such control may be exercised 
 without impairing the obligation of the charter contract. The decision of this
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 83 
 
 question will make this litigation the most important as regards the law of cor- 
 porations since the historic Dartmouth College case. He has also prosecuted 
 other important cases involving kindred questions, among the more notable of 
 which is the case of Eames vs. The State Savings Institution, in which the largest 
 savings bank in the West was taken from a voluntary assignee and placed under 
 the management of a receiver upon a bill filed by Mr. Sherman, assisted by other 
 eminent lawyers, in behalf of all the depositors and creditors of the bank. 
 
 In 1876 he accepted the republican nomination for the Illinois house of repre- 
 sentatives for the then fourth senatorial district. He was elected by a flattering 
 majority, and was reelected in 1878. His thorough training and ripe scholarship, 
 coupled with his experience at the bar and his profound knowledge of the law, at 
 once gave him high rank as a legislator, and his name is identified with all the 
 more important legislation of those years. He served as chairman of the commit- 
 tee on judicial department, and was chiefly instrumental in formulating the law 
 establishing the system of appellate courts which are now a part of the judicial 
 system of Illinois. He was also chairman of the committee on corporations and a 
 member of the judiciary committee, as well as of the military committee which 
 prepared the military code now in force. As a legislator he was uniformly arrayed 
 against all jobbing schemes, and proved himself an earnest and eloquent cham- 
 pion of the rights of the people. His long experience in the trial of causes at the 
 bar gave him a quickness and readiness in debate which placed him in the front 
 rank as a debater, and his services as a legislator constitute one of the most satis- 
 factory features of his successful career. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. Sherman was appointed one of the masters in chancery of the 
 United States circuit court for the northern district of Illinois by Judges Harlan, 
 Drummond and Blodgett. The appointment was made at the request of the lead- 
 ing members of the bar of the city and state, and, as the result has shown, was in 
 every respect a most fitting one. His long and successful practice in chancery 
 causes, his thorough familiarity both with the principles and procedure of courts 
 of chancery, coupled with unusual habits of industry, application and accuracy, 
 have enabled him to discharge the duties of this important office to the complete 
 satisfaction of the bench and bar, while he has at the same time continued in the 
 successful practice of his profession. His name has frequently been mentioned 
 for higher office upon the bench and elsewhere for which his experience and 
 abilities have well qualified him, but he has thus far preferred to retain the very 
 satisfactory position which he now occupies in his profession. 
 
 Mr. Sherman has served as grand master of the grand lodge of the order of 
 Odd-Fellows, and was its representative for two years to the sovereign grand 
 lodge. He is an active member of the Chicago Philosophical Society, of the 
 Chicago Bar Association and of the Chicago Law Institute. He is a member 
 of the State Bar Association, of which he has been president, and he delivered the 
 annual address before that body at its association in January 1882. This address 
 was published by the association and was largely circulated, attracting much 
 9
 
 84 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 attention, not only for its merit as a brilliant literary production, but because of 
 its keen, incisive and well aimed blows at the existing faults in our jurisprudence, 
 coupled with some admirable suggestions for their reform. He is also a member 
 of the American Bar Association, and a member of the General Council, and has 
 been prominently identified with various other societies and organizations of a 
 public and philanthropic character. 
 
 In private and in social life he is one of the most agreeable of gentlemen. 
 Well read in the literature of the times, a close and accurate thinker, a brilliant 
 conversationalist, courteous, charitable and considerate to all, he combines in an 
 eminent degree the qualities essential to a cultivated gentleman, in the best sense 
 of that much abused term. 
 
 In 1866 he was married to Hattie G. Levering, daughter of Mr. S. M. Lover- 
 ing, of Iowa Falls, Iowa, a lady of most estimable character, and possessing in a 
 marked degree the solid accomplishments and womanly devotion which render 
 home and home life restful and happy. 
 
 HON. JAMES R. DOOLITTLE. 
 
 THE public career of James R. Doolittle, as a lawyer, jurist and statesman, is 
 a notable one. He is a son of Reuben and Sarah (Rood) Doolittle. He 
 was born in Hampton, Washington county, New York, January 3, 1815. Now 
 past sixty-seven years of age, he is well preserved, and possesses the vigor, strength 
 and force, physically and mentally, which he has possessed from childhood. His 
 father was a farmer and mill owner, and engaged in other enterprises; the found- 
 er of a school and church, and was a man of beneficent and generous impulses, 
 prominently identified with whatever movement was made in the direction 
 of promoting the general welfare of the people in his neighborhood; qualities 
 which James R. inherited and has put into practice during his long and eventful 
 life. After going through the ordinary course of preliminary and preparatory 
 education, he entered Geneva College, in western New York, and graduated in 
 1835, taking the highest honors of his class for scholarship. He then studied law 
 in Rochester, and was admitted to the bar in 1837 by the supreme court of New 
 York, and, moving to Wyoming county, engaged in practice and was successful. 
 He was, though a democrat, successively elected district attorney in a whig 
 county, and served to the satisfaction of all parties. He took an active part in 
 politics in those days. He was an anti-slavery democrat, and in 1848 introduced 
 in a democratic convention resolutions which constituted the initiative and origin 
 of the free-soil party. He was and has since been a conscientious opponent of 
 the extension of slavery, and was in favor of stamping out the institution by con- 
 stitutional means. 
 
 In 1851 he removed to Racine, Wisconsin, and engaged in the practice of his 
 profession. His decided abilities and excellent qualities were soon discovered
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 85 
 
 and recognized, and he at once entered upon a notable, eventful, useful and 
 successful career. He ranked among the ablest and best lawyers at the able 
 bar of that state. He was retained by Gov. Farwell in important cases involving 
 the interests of the commonwealth, and in other equally important litigations, 
 in which he successfully competed in the courts with older attorneys, and held 
 his own amid that sea of matured intellect at the bar for which Wisconsin 
 was somewhat noted at that time. In 1853, after a residence in the state of but 
 two years, he was elected judge of the first judicial circuit, then the most populous 
 judicial district in the state. As a jurist he was ranked among the most impartial 
 and ablest in the Northwest. He brought to the bench a thorough knowledge of 
 law, varied learning, and that clear perception of right and justice which is so 
 marked in all the walks of his life. He was candid, cautious, thorough in the 
 study of facts and precedents, clear in his analysis of the principles of law, and 
 while on the bench illustrated the formative jurisprudence of that young state, as 
 he subsequently did its political history as a statesman, having been one of the 
 most important factors in both connections. In March, 1856, he resigned the 
 judgeship. In January, 1857, he was elected by the legislature to represent the 
 state in the United States senate. During these politically exciting and stormy 
 years he was a conspicuous figure in the senate and before the country. He was 
 a hard and effective worker, serving on several committees: foreign affairs, 
 military affairs, and was chairman of the committee on Indian affairs. In 1861 
 he was a member of the committee of thirteen distinguished senators to con- 
 fer with a like committee of the house to devise some plan to settle the threatened 
 disruption without resort to arms; not that he was not a decided friend of the 
 Union as it was, or that he had an iota of sympathy for the South in its rebel- 
 lion, but that he was a friend of the Union and aimed to save it by an honorable 
 compromise, and avert the horrible and devastating effects of a fratricidal war on 
 a gigantic scale, the ruin that might be wrought, and the danger that, whatever 
 might be the issue, threatened constitutional liberty. No matter what may have 
 been thought of the move, the spirit which he evidenced was commendable and 
 creditable to him. When this and all other expedients had failed, he was enthu- 
 siastic and earnest in his efforts to secure enlistment, and by word and deed did 
 much to that end. His eloquent and forcible speeches in defense of the govern- 
 ment aroused the people to a sense of their danger and to action in defense of 
 their firesides. He was a patriot-statesman then, and is to this day. 
 
 His moderation, urbanity, dignity of manner and personal character won him 
 the esteem of his political opponents, who recognized in him an antagonist that 
 always fought fairly, that never lost his temper, and never struck a foul blow; 
 and his earnest and logical presentation of facts, his manly appeals to their better 
 judgment, often carried more weight than the most fiery and vehement eloquence 
 could have done; and as he would not condescend to tricks in debate, so he 
 earnestly opposed all irregular strategy in party action. Being a man of remark- 
 able simplicity and frankness of character, wholly free from affectation or insin-
 
 86 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 cerity, he had the thorough confidence of all who knew him. Spotless integrity, 
 and an independence and straightforwardness that despised all subterfuges, 
 finesse and crooked ways, to ends however desirable, marked his course in the 
 senate during these trying years indeed, have marked his entire career, profes- 
 sional, political and social. His calm, steady mind stood like a rock amid the 
 storm. The possession of these traits was candidly admitted by his political 
 opponents, who have often paid manly tribute to his moral worth. As to his 
 incorruptible integrity and abhorrence of anything of the nature of a bribe while 
 in public life and acting for the people and representing the interests of a con- 
 stituency, no better proof can be had than the fact that any attempts to besmirch 
 him for political or other ends have utterly failed, and the plague-spot of corrup- 
 tion has never been detected on his reputation. He has conquered, risen above 
 and put to shame any and all calumnies against him by his magnanimity and 
 purity of private and public life. 
 
 In 1863 he was reelected to the United States senate without party opposition. 
 He continued to support the government in a vigorous prosecution of the war up 
 to the time of peace, when the great work of reinstating the seceded states in the 
 Union commenced. He was an advocate of restoration rather than reconstruc- 
 tion in the way proposed, and differed somewhat from his party friends. The 
 supremacy of the Union had been established by arms, and next arose the ques- 
 tion as to the terms upon which it should be reconstituted. The passage of what 
 President Johnson considered unconstitutional measures brought out his veto, 
 which caused bitterness of feeling and his resultant impeachment. This Mr. 
 Doolittle opposed on principle, and incurred the displeasure of his party and 
 became a martyr to his honest convictions and opinions. His course, when 
 looked upon in the light of after years, is generally conceded to have been 
 prompted by the highest motives and sincere conviction of right. It was not the 
 outgrowth of a factious temper, motives of gain in any sense, nor a partisan 
 spirit. Though a party man, he was not a partisan. He entered the senate with 
 one leading and overshadowing idea; one polar star of intent; which every vote 
 cast, every word uttered by him in his senatorial service, served to discover: it 
 was, first, to preserve the Union as made under the constitution; and second, 
 after it had been saved from destruction, to restore that Union in reality to its 
 primal status, and to bind the hearts of his countrymen in the common cause of 
 national pride, honor and welfare. To this end, during his last years in the sen- 
 ate, he denounced and opposed everything tainted with sectional animosity, or 
 tending to the injury or estrangement of the Union. His guide, no matter with 
 what party he acted, has been the constitution, and the equality of each and 
 every member of the great family of states and their inhabitants. His thought- 
 ful face and incisive address were sharpened and intensified by the conscious- 
 ness that he had been misunderstood or misrepresented, and made to suffer 
 unworthily in that cause for opinion's sake. All through the period of his sena- 
 torial career, from 1857 to 1869, he never ceased to denounce what he found to
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 87 
 
 be contrary to the principles he held and subversive of that constitution 
 of which he was then, had been before, and has been since, a conspicuous 
 supporter and defender against its domestic enemies, the only enemies that 
 have seriously tried to overturn it. He has had no time to take off his 
 armor and rest from such efforts. His acumen, his logic, his learning in consti- 
 tutional law, his intrepidity in debate, all availed him to stand in the breach and 
 defend that fundamental instrument. He did yeoman's service in those years in 
 averting and checking radical and desperate partyism, in bringing it to its senses, 
 and in awakening the whole country to its fatal designs. This is true, notwith- 
 standing the ill-advised and unscrupulous may for a purpose say otherwise, and 
 attempt to misstate history, mislead the public mind, and create unworthy preju- 
 dice. All his work in public life was well done; done cleanly, thoroughly and 
 intelligently. His political consistency is not simply the result of early associa- 
 tion and inherited principles, but it is a consistency such as comes from ripe 
 reflection and matured patience in thought; an educated, logical consistency, 
 which defies antagonism because it is fully conscious that it fights in armor of 
 proof and with tempered weapons. He is bound to be right in his own mind, 
 whether his party be right or wrong. In short, while in the national counsels he 
 was a statesman rather than a partisan. 
 
 During the summer recess of 1865, as a member of a joint committee of both 
 houses, of which he was chairman, he visited Kansas, Colorado and New Mexico 
 to inquire into the condition of the Indians west of the Mississippi, and reported 
 upon their condition and wants, suggesting reforms in their management, and 
 gained much information which aided him in future legislation. The inquiry 
 and investigation were thorough, and the results were published in a volume 
 which contained more information about the Indians than was ever embodied in 
 any publication before or since. 
 
 In 1866, he was president of the national union convention held in Philadel- 
 phia, and took an active and prominent part in its proceedings. It was the first 
 national convention held after the war, and was a veritable reunion of the North 
 and South, and was called for the purpose of restoring fraternal feeling between 
 the two sections. He suggested the convention, and framed the call for it, which 
 was pronounced a sagacious and timely manifesto. In 1871 he was nominated by 
 the democratic party for governor of Wisconsin. 
 
 After his retirement from the senate, in 1869, he engaged in the practice of his 
 profession in Chicago (retaining his residence in Racine, Wisconsin), in partner- 
 ship with the late Jesse O. Norton. After the fire of 1871 the firm was dissolved, 
 and he formed a new partnership with his son, James R. Doolittle, Jr., and in 
 1876 Henry McKey came into the firm, under the firm name of Doolittle and 
 McKey, which continues to this day, and is one of the strong, first-class law 
 firms in Chicago. 
 
 James R. Doolittle was one of the distinguished visitors to Louisiana in 1876, 
 to consider the interests of the democratic party in the political controversy in
 
 88 THE BENCH AND RAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 connection with the presidential election. He has been a member of the board 
 of trustees of the University of Chicago since its foundation, and lectures upon 
 equity and jurisprudence in Chicago Union College of Law. He is a conscien- 
 tious, independent and profound lawyer, and under all circumstances faithful 
 alike to his profession and his clients. As a citizen he is public-spirited, and lends 
 a helping hand to whatever tends to promote the public welfare. As an orator, a 
 statesman, a lawyer he has few peers. He is clothed with becoming dignity, 
 though courteous and kind, painstaking and laborious in the interests of those 
 who entrust their business to him. Faithful, upright and honorable, he is a 
 counselor whose services are sought by the better class of clients. 
 
 JAMES R. DOOLITTLE, JR. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Warsaw, Wyoming county, New York, 
 and was born April 2, 1845, and is son of Hon. James R. Doolittle, of Wis- 
 consin, ex-United States senator and ex-judge of the circuit court of the first district 
 of Wisconsin, and Mary L. (Cutting) Doolittle. His parents removed to Racine, 
 Wisconsin, when he was six years of age. There young Doolittle attended the 
 common schools, and afterward entered Racine College under Dr. Roswell Park 
 and Rev. James De Koven. When about sixteen years of age he left college, and 
 during the winters of the two following years spent his time in Washington, Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, with his father, who was then United States senator from Wis- 
 consin. This was during the war of the rebellion, and afforded him an oppor- 
 tunity of meeting nearly all of the public men of those memorable times, and 
 although but a boy, he was quick to observe the peculiarities, tastes and manners 
 of each as he moved in life's grand drama. In 1863 he entered Rochester Univer- 
 sity, under the presidency of Martin B. Anderson, and graduated therefrom at the 
 age of twenty years, winning the first honors for excellence in literary composi- 
 tion. During the same year he commenced the study of the law, and attended 
 the law department of Harvard University at Cambridge, Massachusetts, about a 
 year, and was admitted to the bar in Wisconsin in 1866. He then removed to the 
 city of New York, and practiced law until November 1870. His father having 
 left the United States senate the preceding year, and having established himself 
 in Chicago, he closed his business relations in New York, and soon afterward 
 became associated with his father in a general law practice, which has continued 
 uninterruptedly until the present 1883. 
 
 As a lawyer Mr. Doolittle possesses fine abilities, being a careful and diligent 
 student. A safe counselor, painstaking and faithful to his clients, he has won a 
 good reputation, and maintains an honorable standing at the Chicago bar. 
 
 He is a man of fine, prepossessing personal appearance, of a cheerful and 
 social disposition, measuring five feet and eleven inches in height, and weighing 
 one hundred and eighty pounds. He is an earnest advocate, being a fluent and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 89 
 
 forcible speaker, and, possessing a rare fund of literary lore, is enabled to spice his 
 remarks with happy wit and illustrate with anecdote. 
 
 In political sentiment Mr. Doolittle is a democrat. In 1878 he was the candi- 
 date of his party for congress in the first congressional district of Illinois. He 
 made a good canvass, running some six hundred ahead of the regular state ticket, 
 but was defeated by Hon. Wm. Aldrich, the republican candidate. 
 
 Mr. Doolittle was married November 4, 1869, to Miss Clara Matteson, daugh- 
 ter of Hon. J. A. Matteson, ex-governor of Illinois. 
 
 THOMAS DENT. 
 
 THOMAS DENT was born in Putnam county, Illinois, November 14, 1831, 
 and is a son of George Dent and Comfort (Ijams) Dent. His father, a 
 native of Virginia, was reared in Ohio, and thence removed to Illinois; and dur- 
 ing his residence of nearly fifty years in this state occupied various official posi- 
 tions, including the offices of recorder of deeds, clerk of the county commissioners' 
 court, clerk of the circuit court, county judge and member of the state legislature. 
 
 The subject of this sketch had a home training, and received his education 
 mainly in the common schools in the vicinity of his father's residence. Having 
 entered upon clerical work in various forms at an early age, he sought as far as 
 opportunity was afforded him to extend his studies, and in early youth became 
 studious and fond of reading. 
 
 At the age of fifteen he became an assistant of his father in the public offices 
 of Putnam county, and was thus occupied during the greater part of eight years. 
 Near the close of that period he prepared tract and sectional indices to the land 
 records of Putnam county, under appointment of the county court. 
 
 Admitted to the bar in the fall of 1854, he began the practice of the law at 
 Hennepin,.and soon had quite satisfactory employment in such legal business as 
 there was in a circuit embracing a few counties. In the spring of 1856 he 
 removed to Chicago, and became associated for a time with Martin R. M. Wal- 
 lace, since so well known as general, and as county judge of Cook county. Later, 
 Mr. Dent removed his office to Peoria, but having meanwhile retained some hold 
 upon the practice in Putnam county, and also in Cook county, he returned in a 
 few months to Chicago, where he settled permanently. 
 
 In the year 1860 he entered into association in practice with the late Judge 
 Arrington, which association continued until the death of the latter, at the close 
 of the year 1867, and in the next following spring William P. Black was received 
 as Mr. Dent's partner, since which time the firm of Dent and Black has continued 
 to pursue a general law practice. 
 
 While occasionally representing corporate interests, for banks, insurance com- 
 panies, and the board of trade, they have more especially relied upon the general 
 public for employment, which has been given them in nearly all branches of legal 
 work in the state and federal courts.
 
 gO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Dent is of medium height, and of graceful figure; of a thoughtful, gentle 
 and earnest expression of countenance, and firm in his purposes, which are based 
 on conviction. He is prized as a counselor because his advice is the result of 
 experience combined with candid and thorough investigation. Pursuing his 
 course with steadfastness and constant patience, he has won for himself a grati- 
 fying reputation as a lawyer and citizen. 
 
 Before taking up his residence in Chicago he was brought forward by friends 
 for the office of county judge of Putnam county, and received good support with- 
 out any canvass on his part, but the opposing candidate was elected by a few 
 votes, since which time he has but once been a candidate for office. On the occa- 
 sion just mentioned he was the republican candidate in the seventh judicial dis- 
 trict of Illinois, for judge of the supreme court. 
 
 His constant employment in office and court work has left him but little 
 opportunity for making addresses on political and social subjects, for which he 
 showed some taste in early life, when called out by friends or circumstances. 
 
 In 1857 he was married to Miss Susan Strawn, then of Putnam county, Illinois, 
 a lady much esteemed. Their only child, Miss Mary Dent, who was growing into 
 a beautiful and promising young womanhood, was taken with the typhoid fever 
 at Milan, Italy, while traveling in Europe, and there died in February, 1882, just 
 before the arrival of her bereaved parents. 
 
 CHARLES S. THORNTON. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Boston, Massachusetts, and was born 
 April 12, 1851. He is the son of Solon Thornton, who was born at Lemp- 
 ster, New Hampshire, and Cordelia A. (Tilden) Thornton, who comes from the 
 Tilden family of Marshfield, Massachusetts. 
 
 He commenced his education in the public schools of Boston, passing rap- 
 idly through the lower and grammar schools, then taking the six years' course 
 in the famous Boston Latin School. He entered Harvard College in 1868, and 
 graduated from that celebrated institution with the highest honors in 1872. 
 While pursuing his ordinary college course, he also devoted all the time not 
 required by that course to the study of the law under the guidance of Henry 
 Adams, of Cambridge, attending the law lectures of the Harvard Law School. 
 After graduation he pursued his law studies in the Boston Law School until the 
 spring of 1873, when he came to Chicago. He here obtained a knowledge of 
 practice in the law offices of Lyman and Jackson, and Isham and Lincoln, remain- 
 ing with the latter firm until the fall of that year, when he passed his- examina- 
 tion at Ottawa before the supreme court, and was admitted to the Illinois bar. 
 He at once entered upon the practice of his profession in Chicago, transacting a 
 general law business, the greater part, however, of his practice being devoted 
 to the adjustment of the rights of real estate owners. Commencing practice

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 93 
 
 without a single acquaintance in Chicago in 1873, he has steadily fought his way 
 to the foremost ranks of the profession, and is now in possession of a practice 
 which, with the exception of one attorney, is greater in extent, and more lucra- 
 tive, than that possessed by any one member of the Chicago bar. Without pecu- 
 niary resources of any kind in 1873, he is now, after his nine years of practice, 
 ranked among the wealthy men of that bar. Mr. Thornton is not only well read 
 in his profession, but keeps up his acquaintance gathered at college with ancient 
 and modern literature. 
 
 In the practice of his profession he is one of the most successful men at the 
 bar, preparing his cases carefully, and trying them with a skill rarely attained by 
 the most eminent lawyers after many years of practice. He is especially success- 
 ful in the trial of jury causes, for which he seems by nature preeminently 
 adapted. Clear in the explication of his client's rights, never moved by passion 
 to let slip any opportunity to benefit his client, even in the most desperate of 
 causes, he tries his suits with that degree of coolness only attained by veteran 
 advocates, and which invariably wins. 
 
 He is discriminating in his legal practice, and honorable in all of his dealings. 
 His habits are unexceptionable, and he bears the impress of a liberal education, 
 possessing refinement and cultivated tastes, and being at the same time social 
 and congenial. As a lawyer he already occupies a high position, is in possession 
 of a very extensive practice, and is one of the acknowledged leaders of the Chi- 
 cago bar. 
 
 In political sentiment Mr. Thornton is a democrat, and takes a leading part in 
 both local and national politics. 
 
 HON. THOMAS A. MORAN. 
 
 THOMAS A. MORAN, one of the judges of the circuit court of Cook county, 
 was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, October 7, 1839, of Irish parentage. 
 His father, Patrick Moran, was engaged in business there. When Thomas was 
 about seven years of age, the family moved to the town of Bristol, Kenosha 
 county, Wisconsin, and settled on a farm, where Thomas remained until about 
 nineteen years of age, attending school winters and working on the farm sum- 
 mers, never losing an opportunity, under any circumstances, of self-improvement 
 from books or observation. Besides the district schools, he attended for several 
 terms Liberty Academy at Salem, about three miles from his home, and subse- 
 quently engaged in teaching school. When twenty years of age, he commenced 
 the study of law, in Kenosha, with J. J. Pettit, and later continued his studies 
 with Judge I. W. Webster, studying in the summer and teaching winters. Dur- 
 ing those latter years he took an active and prominent part in debating schools 
 and clubs, and became well known in that section as an apt, ready and well in- 
 formed debater. When engaged in discussion he was in his natural element.
 
 94 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 To this practice, when young, is largely attributable his fluency of speech, ready 
 command of language, accuracy of expression and grace of diction in public 
 speaking or addressing a jury. Before twenty years of age he was making polit- 
 ical speeches, and stumped his county in the campaign of 1860. He was an 
 ardent admirer of Stephen A. Douglas, and in full accord with the liberal democ- 
 racy of which that eminent statesman was the champion. 
 
 In 1862, owing to his father's illness, he returned to the farm and managed it 
 one year. During the year his father died, and the farm was sold, when the 
 family moved to Kenosha. In 1864 his mother died, and he went east, and in 
 the fall of that year entered the law department of the Albany University, grad- 
 uating in May, 1865, when he was admitted to practice. While in the law school 
 he was among the leaders of his class. He was, as he had previously been, 
 industrious and studious, evidencing such decided ability that Prof. Dean, the 
 head of the law college, predicted for him a successful future as a lawyer which 
 prediction has been realized. He had, while there, the full confidence of the 
 faculty and of the students; they had confidence in his ability, judgment and 
 manhood. 
 
 In November of the same year he removed to Chicago, and engaged in prac- 
 tice, and has been here since, attaining to the first rank at the bar. He was first 
 in the office of H. S. Monroe, subsequently formed the partnership of Schoff and 
 Moran, second that of Moran and English, and later that of Moran, English and 
 Wolf, which was the law firm when he was elected to the bench in 1879. As a 
 lawyer he engaged in general practice, but was especially successful in jury 
 trials. Indeed, so marked was his success in this class of cases, that two of the 
 most eminent judges on the circuit bench openly pronounced him one of the 
 most successful jury lawyers at the Chicago bar. He has a clear intellect, which 
 enables him to grasp and comprehend all the points in a case, arising out of the 
 evidence, or involved in the law bearing upon it. While at the bar he was an 
 eloquent and forcible advocate; logical and terse, earnest and vigorous and often 
 ornate. He possesses energy, industry, sagacity, intellectual vigor and patience, 
 which well qualify him for the proper discharge of the duties and functions of a 
 judge. Before his elevation to the bench the court calendars, and the books of 
 his own office, evidenced that he had a greater number of cases in the courts 
 of record than any other attorney at .this bar, and his success was marked and 
 noteworthy. 
 
 In the fall of 1879 he was elected one of the judges of the circuit court of 
 Cook county for a term of six years. He is the first Irish-American ever elected 
 to the Cook county bench, and the Irish naturally have a special pride in him; 
 as indeed do all nationalities and parties. He sat for some time after he took the 
 bench as common law judge, and is now holding one of the chancery branches 
 of the court, and in either branch he is found equally at home. As a judge he 
 is always self-contained and self-poised, of patient and courteous bearing 
 and an attentive listener; he discharges his high functions without ostentation
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 95 
 
 and with conspicuous ability, giving satisfaction to the bar and to litigants. 
 He is an impartial judge, an upright man, a good citizen, esteemed by all who 
 know him. 
 
 ROBERT H. FORRESTER. 
 
 ROBERT H. FORRESTER was born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His 
 father, George Forrester, was a Scotchman, a graduate of the University of 
 Edinburgh, and an eminent classical scholar and mathematician, who first settled 
 at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and removed from that city to Pittsburgh in 
 
 1815, his residence and library having been burned by the British in their raid 
 upon our seaboard cities near the close of the war of 1812. At Pittsburgh, in 
 
 1816, he united with Rev. Drs. Bruce and Black, two famous Scotch educators, in 
 founding the Western University of Pennsylvania, in which he took the profes- 
 sorship of mathematics. But he was not suffered to remain long in this position. 
 The stockholders of the Columbian Steam Engine Company, at Pittsburgh, among 
 whom were the celebrated mechanical inventor, Oliver Evans, of Philadelphia, and 
 his no less celebrated brother George, of Pittsburgh, having erected a large estab- 
 lishment there the first ever established in the western country for the manu- 
 facture of machinery and steam engines induced Mr. Forrester to become the 
 general manager of the business of the corporation, which he continued to be 
 until his tragical death, several years later, by his being drowned while bathing 
 in the Allegheny river. His widow was left with a modest fortune and a family 
 of five infant children, his son Robert being only four years of age. 
 
 The childhood of this son, until the age of twelve, was comparatively unevent- 
 ful. He enjoyed the instruction of his father's intimate friend, Walter Scott, also 
 a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, a Scotchman of great learning, elo- 
 quence and eccentricity, and one of the most famous educators of his day in the 
 western country, and afterward still more famous as a preacher. The Scotch 
 system of education, in which the rod figures constantly as an essential element 
 of success, was religiously pursued by this prince of pedagogues with the most 
 gratifying results to his patrons, though the pupils might wince under its coercive 
 discipline, which did not fail, however, to secure close application to study on their 
 part. At the age of twelve, his mother having had the misfortune to lose a large 
 portion of the family estate by the failure of a manufacturing firm, he resolved to 
 relieve her of the burden of his support. He obtained a situation in the Pitts- 
 burgh postoffice, and for several years did the work of a man to the satisfaction 
 of his employer and the public. But having acquired a fondness for books and 
 a considerable acquaintance with them from delving from infancy in his father's 
 large and choice library, he left the postoffice to take a situation in a bookstore in 
 Pittsburgh as a salesman. In this he found congenial employment, and became 
 a favorite with book buyers, as he knew a good deal about the books he sold, to 
 the examination of which he devoted most of his spare time. While in this busi-
 
 96 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ness he made constant efforts to complete his education with such help as he could 
 obtain, attending, a portion of the time, the classes of the university of which Dr. 
 Bruce, his father's former friend, was the president. While yet a boy he became 
 the president of the Wirt Literary Institute, an association of youths for intel- 
 lectual improvement, which had the honor of giving to the public of Pittsburgh 
 the first popular course of literary and scientific lectures ever delivered in that 
 city, the lecturers being prominent professional men of Pittsburgh and western 
 Pennsylvania. These lectures were published in a weekly literary paper, edited 
 by the famous Jane Swisshelm, and were regarded as singularly able and brilliant. 
 On arriving at manhood Mr. Forrester was seized with a desire to study law and 
 embark in the legal profession, and at a great pecuniary sacrifice in abandoning 
 the book business he entered on this new career. 
 
 He placed himself under the tuition of James Dunlop, a great lawyer, and the 
 former rival at the Carlisle bar of Justice R. C. Greer, of the United States 
 Supreme Court, and after two years of severe study passed a successful and un- 
 usually thorough examination before a committee of able lawyers appointed by 
 the courts to examine applicants for admission to the Pittsburgh bar. He then 
 entered vigorously upon the practice of law, and soon achieved considerable dis- 
 tinction both in civil and criminal cases, continuing to practice in the courts at 
 Pittsburgh for two years, when he concluded to carry out a long cherished pur- 
 pose to emigrate to the South, then a most inviting field to young northern law- 
 yers. He accordingly, in 1846, emigrated to Kentucky and settled at Georgetown, 
 then the educational center of the state. 
 
 Before leaving Pittsburgh he had won quite a reputation as a political orator 
 and debater, frequently addressing large political assemblages in that city. A 
 devoted admirer of Henry Clay, in 1844, at the request of the Clay whigs of Pitts- 
 burgh, he made his debut in politics as a champion of the cause of that great 
 statesman, against the opposition of the anti-masonic wing of the whig party led 
 by Russell Erritt, now a member of congress, Thomas M. Marshall, recently 
 nominated for congressman at large, and others. Soon afterward, in an anti- 
 masonic county convention held at Pittsburgh to which he was elected a delegate 
 by the anti-masons themselves, he was instrumental in disbanding forever the 
 anti-masonic party in Allegheny county, long its stronghold. The dissolution of 
 the same party in eastern Pennsylvania, which had been led by Thaddeus Stevens, 
 soon followed, and the whig party of the state became thoroughly united in the 
 support of Henry Clay as its candidate in the presidential struggle of that year. 
 Soon after his removal to Kentucky Mr. Forrester was solicited to return to his 
 native county and accept a nomination for congress. This he declined to do, for 
 the reason, among others, that he has always felt an unconquerable disinclination 
 to run for office. 
 
 Arriving at Georgetown, Kentucky, about the beginning of the Mexican war, 
 he united with Col. Thornton Johnson, a retired West Point officer and an emi- 
 nent teacher of mathematics, in organizing a military college, to which was given
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 97 
 
 the name of the Western Military Institute. Unlike other military schools, this 
 one united with the ordinary course of instruction in such schools a thorough 
 collegiate course in the classics and other branches, with the power to confer the 
 usual collegiate degrees. There were in its faculty, besides several civil pro- 
 fessors, three West Point graduates, Col. Hopkins, the superintendent, having 
 been for many years professor of the natural sciences at West Point. Mr. Forres- 
 ter was appointed professor of law in this institution, and organized and con- 
 ducted for several years, without assistance and with marked success, a law 
 department in which was a large number of students. The system of instruction 
 pursued was that of daily familiar lectures and rigid examinations through ses- 
 sions of ten months in the year, and the results were rather unusual in the 
 remarkable proficiency of the students. 
 
 Soon after the establishment of this military college the celebrated James G. 
 Elaine, of Maine, became assistant professor of Greek and Latin in the institution. 
 He was then a youth of about eighteen, having just graduated at Washington 
 College, Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Kentucky in search of fame and fortune. 
 Mr. Elaine, intending to prepare himself for the bar, became a student in the law 
 department, and under the tuition of Prof. Forrester pursued the study of law 
 for two years with diligence and success, while he continued to discharge his 
 duties as teacher of languages. Even at that early period he gave some indica- 
 tions of the bent of his mind and his inclination to engage in political life, in the 
 special interest he took in constitutional and international law. A cordial friend- 
 ship for each other is still cherished by Mr. Forrester and his renowned student. 
 
 From 1850 to 1860 Mr. Forrester practiced law in the courts of Harrison, 
 Bourbon and other counties of Kentucky, and also in the state court of appeals, 
 being engaged chiefly in land suits, which have always furnished the bulk of liti- 
 gation in Kentucky. He also, at the request of his party, frequently took part in 
 political campaigns. In 1856, in company with most of the whig politicians of 
 the state, he went over to the democratic party, and he has acted with it ever 
 since. In 1849 he engaged in a newspaper controversy with Hon. Garrett Davis, 
 who violently opposed the adoption by the people of the amended state con- 
 stitution of that year. In this controversy he published ten elaborate essays, 
 in which he advocated the election of judges and county officers by the people, 
 and other reforms, and which were republished by the newspapers throughout 
 the state favorable to the new constitution, being considered able and exhaustive. 
 In 1860 Mr. Forrester, desiring to engage in a city practice, removed to the then 
 thriving city of Memphis, Tennessee, and had entered upon practice there, with 
 bright prospects, when the war cut short his legal career in that city. 
 
 In 1862 he became provost-marshal general of west Tennessee under Gen. 
 Bragg. He was induced to accept this position that he might minister to the 
 relief of the thousands of sick and wounded soldiers who were thrown upon his 
 care. Soon afterward he was invited by Gen. Villepigue, of South Carolina, and 
 formerly of the United States army, to take the position of provost-marshal on
 
 98 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 his staff, with the rank of colonel, having jurisdiction over northern Mississippi, 
 then under martial law and of which the general was department commander. 
 The special reason why he was invited to take this position was that it was the 
 desire of Gen. Villepigue that the numerous federal prisoners brought to his 
 headquarters at Grenada, Mississippi, should be treated with all the humanity 
 and kindness possible under the circumstances, and that he could rely on Col. 
 Forrester to carry out his humane wishes. Entering upon the performance of his 
 duties at Grenada in June, 1862, Col. Forrester adopted and carried out a policy 
 in the treatment of prisoners of war perhaps without a parallel. He paroled all 
 the officers, giving them the freedom of the town, and for months was witnessed 
 every day in Grenada the singular scene of federal officers in uniform associating 
 freely on the streets with the citizens, who were staunch confederates, and even 
 discussing with them in a friendly manner the issues of the war. Col. Forrester, 
 of course, had given a caution to the citizens that they must treat his military 
 guests with respect. For the private soldiers a spacious and well ventilated prison 
 was furnished, which was kept scrupulously clean and provided with a brick oven 
 and cooking range, so that the food of the prisoners was prepared by bakers and 
 cooks detailed by themselves, and so excellent was it that the paroled officers 
 obtained from the colonel permission to take their meals with the boys at the 
 prison table, assuring him that the fare there was better than at the hotel. This 
 excellent fare was secured by the steward of the prison trading the rations of 
 bacon and cornmeal for fresh provisions with the planters and the negroes, who 
 daily brought in fresh supplies of the delicacies of the season. It may have been 
 that the colored brothers, in their zeal to provide for the comfort of the boys in 
 blue, occasionally made a hen-roost suffer, but there was no complaint from any 
 quarter. The prisoners were frequently allowed to bathe in the Yellowbusha 
 river, which flows past the town. The result of these sanitary measures was that 
 in the course of a very hot summer not a case of sickness or death occurred 
 among the large number of prisoners. Dr. Yandell, of Louisville, Gen. Bragg's 
 medical inspector-general, who often visited the prison officially, pronounced it a 
 model which could not be improved, and that this novel experiment in the treat- 
 ment of prisoners of war was a complete success. On leaving this post Col. For- 
 rester, backed by a strong written recommendation from Lieut. Col. Beale, Gen. 
 Bragg's inspector-general, offered to undertake the task of organizing for the 
 confederacy a system of prison discipline and sustenance similar to that so suc- 
 cessfully carried out at Grenada, but other views had begun to be entertained at 
 Richmond, and his offer was not accepted. This ended Mr. Forrester's connection 
 with the confederate military service. 
 
 Early in the year 1864 he became the editor-in-chief of the Augusta "Chron- 
 icle and Sentinel," a daily paper of large circulation in Georgia and other states. 
 This paper, encouraged and supported by Alexander H. Stephens, Joshua Hill and 
 Gov. Joseph Brown, who were opposed to the continuance of the war and in favor 
 of the restoration of the Union, had become an avowed peace organ, like the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 99 
 
 Raleigh (North Carolina) "Standard," then edited by Gov. Holden. During this 
 year, while the war was still raging, Mr. Forrester, in the editorial columns of this 
 paper, commented freely upon the confederacy, the war and Jefferson Davis, argu- 
 ing that a confederacy based on the doctrine of secession carried within itself the 
 seeds of its own speedy dissolution, that the war was suicidal and a failure, that 
 Mr. Davis had shown himself to be a despot and usurper, and that the true inter- 
 ests of the South demanded the restoration of the Union. His editorials occasion- 
 ally found their way into the northern press, and surprised and cheered the friends 
 of the Union by the evidence they afforded of a reaction in southern sentiment. 
 This bold opposition to Mr. Davis and the war was generally popular in Georgia, 
 and even in South Carolina, whose planters had become sick of secession. 
 
 But Mr. Davis was much irritated by these attacks, and had an act passed by 
 the confederate congress suspending the writ of habeas corpus in Georgia, to 
 enable him to suppress them. In response to this menace against his own people 
 Gov. Brown issued a counter proclamation, and organized the militia reserve, to 
 resist any attempt to enforce this high-handed act. The result was that no arrests 
 were made. 
 
 The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus excited in Georgia such a deep 
 feeling of resentment against the Richmond government that Howell Cobb, the 
 bosom friend of Jefferson Davis, published in an Atlanta newspaper a lengthy 
 article in vindication of it. To this Mr. Forrester replied in an argument which 
 covered a page of his paper, in which he contested the positions of Mr. Cobb and 
 denounced the act as an attack on the liberties of the people. But, notwithstand- 
 ing he had incurred the displeasure of Mr. Davis and his friends by his editorial 
 attacks, when the Richmond cabinet desired to share in the trade of cotton for 
 provisions, which Mr. Lincoln toward the close of 1864 had offered to open with 
 the famished confederates, that they might be won back to the Union by a taste 
 of the benefits of its commerce, which had already been opened at Memphis, the 
 confederate secretary of war commissioned Mr. Forrester as a special ambassador 
 to the government of the United States to negotiate a trade of confederate cotton 
 for supplies other than military, believing that he would be favorably received. 
 He undertook and successfully accomplished this novel mission at Memphis, being 
 very kindly received both there and at Washington by the United States authori- 
 ties, they being apprized of his services to the Union cause in Georgia. 
 
 After the close of the war, in the fall of 1865, Mr. Forrester embarked his 
 capital in a large cotton plantation on the Tombigbee river, in Alabama, which 
 adventure proved disastrous to both his fortune and health. In 1866 and 1867 
 his plantation was overflowed by spring floods, which destroyed his crops, and 
 the malaria produced by these late overflows ruined the health of himself and 
 family. The whole river valley shared these calamities, and many of the oldest 
 citizens died of malarial fever. 
 
 Early in 1868, having spent several months at Washington city on business, 
 Mr. Forrester was induced by curiosity to visit Chicago on his way back to the
 
 IOO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 South, and, attracted by its wonderful activity and growth, and the prospect of 
 regaining his health in its pure lake breezes, concluded to settle and end his days 
 in the metropolis of the West. Here he has since quietly applied himself to the 
 practice of his profession without any wish to achieve any special prominence, 
 seeking, rather, rest and repose after a life of such vicissitude and excitement. 
 He has had a good measure of success in his cases, and especially in the appellate 
 and supreme courts, several leading cases, in which important questions have 
 been settled by the supreme court, having been carried through by him. In 
 exciting jury trials his old-time fire often blazes forth afresh. Before the college 
 of law he has occasionally, at the request of the students, given them a taste of his 
 quality as a law lecturer. Five times, at different sessions, by invitation, he has 
 lectured before them on the dry and difficult subject of "Uses and Trusts," which 
 it is said by the students he invested with the charms of poetry and humor while 
 he gave them a lucid exposition of its crabbed technicalities so appalling to the 
 student. 
 
 In addition to his efforts at the bar he has often come before the public of 
 Chicago and other places in northern Illinois as a democratic orator, and espe- 
 cially in the presidential campaigns of 1876 and 1880. His speeches have been 
 logical and eloquent, enlivened by anecdote and humor, and have always been 
 characterized by fairness and the absence of bitterness toward his political oppo- 
 nents, many of whom have listened to them with apparent interest and pleasure. 
 The democracy of Cook county regard him as one of their most efficient and 
 reliable champions. 
 
 HON. HARVEY B. HURD. 
 
 WHEN we trace the history of our leading men, and search for the secret of 
 their success, we find, as a rule, that they are men who were early thrown 
 upon their own resources, and whose first experiences were in the face of adversity 
 and opposition. Such was the case with Harvey B. Hurd, an outline of whose life 
 may be found in what follows. 
 
 He is a native of Huntington, Fairfield county, Connecticut, and was born 
 February 14, 1828. His father, Alanson Hurd, was of English descent. His 
 mother's name was Elizabeth Lowe, of Dutch and Irish descent. Until his 
 fifteenth year young Hurd worked on his father's farm during the summer and 
 attended the district school during winters. The narrow routine of such a life, 
 however, had no attractions for him, and he determined to seek a wider sphere of 
 action. Accordingly, having with considerable difficulty obtained his father's con- 
 sent to leave home, on May i, 1842, with his clothes tied in a cotton handkerchief, 
 he walked to Bridgeport and entered the office of the " Bridgeport Standard," a 
 whig paper, as youngest apprentice, "printer's devil." In the spring of 1844 he 
 went to New York, where he remained until the fall, when he returned to Bridge- 
 port, and, in company with ten other young men, went to Peoria county, Illinois,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 103 
 
 and entered Jubilee College. He remained here one year, when a misunderstand- 
 ing with the president of the college, Rev. Samuel Chase, resulted in his leaving. 
 He went immediately to Peoria, but not finding employment there took passage 
 in a baggage stage for Chicago, where he arrived on January 7, 1846, with fifty 
 cents in his pocket and thinly clad. He stopped at the Illinois Exchange, kept by 
 a Mr. Lee, for whose generous treatment Mr. Hurd in after years, when the cir- 
 cumstances of the two men had been changed, expressed his gratitude in a sub- 
 stantial way. He at once obtained work in the office of the "Chicago Evening 
 Journal," then published by Wilson and Geer, and afterward was engaged in the 
 office of the "Prairie Farmer." In the fall of 1847 he began the study of law in 
 the office of Calvin De Wolf, and was admitted to the bar in 1848. He began 
 the practice of law with the late Carlos Haven, who was afterward states attorney. 
 He afterward formed a partnership with Hon. Henry Snapp, late member of con- 
 gress, now practicing law in Joliet, Illinois. In 1850 he formed a partnership with 
 A. J. Brown, which continued till 1854. The firm dealt largely in real estate, and 
 were proprietors of 248 acres of land, which they laid out as a part of Evan- 
 ston, in which town Mr. Hurd was one of the first to build, having commenced 
 the house in which he now resides in the summer of 1854, and moved into it in 
 September 1855. His residence occupies a block of ground, and is one of the 
 most beautiful and home-like in that beautiful suburb. 
 
 Mr. Hurd was married May 18, 1853, to Miss Cornelia A. Hilliard, daughter of 
 the late Capt. James Hilliard, of Middletown, Connecticut. From this marriage 
 he has three daughters: Eda I., the wife of George S. Lord, and Hettie B. and 
 Nellie. He was married to his present wife, Sarah G., November i, 1860. She 
 was the widow of the late George Collins, of Chicago. 
 
 He was an abolitionist, and took an active part in the stirring events that 
 occurred in Chicago before and following the repeal of the Missouri compromise 
 line. He was a member of the convention held at Buffalo, New York, which 
 formed the national Kansas committee, and became secretary of its executive com- 
 mittee, which had its headquarters at Chicago. The other member of this execu- 
 tive committee were Gen. J. D. Webster and the late George W. Dole; the former 
 acting as its president and the latter as treasurer. Mr. Hurd gave his entire time 
 to the duties of the committee for a year without compensation, taking the prin- 
 cipal direction of its affairs. His position may be said to have been that of secre- 
 tary of the Kansas war. Horace White, now one of the editors of the " Chicago 
 Tribune," was assistant secretary, and Mr. Hurd speaks in praise of his services in 
 that capacity. No higher commendation can be given to this committee than to 
 say its labors were crowned with entire success in making Kansas a free state. 
 
 To give a full account of Mr. Hurd's connection with the Kansas struggle 
 would be to write the history of the struggle itself. There is one instance, how- 
 ever, deserving especial mention. The strife in the territory and on the western 
 border of Missouri was so devastating that no crops of any considerable amount 
 were raised in 1856; as a consequence, there was not a sufficient quantity of grain 
 ii
 
 IO4 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and other products to supply the demand for seed for the next spring's planting. 
 A large increase in the population was expected through the improved means of 
 travel which were secured by the committee. To hold this population in the ter- 
 ritory it was necessary they should be enabled to raise a crop, and for this purpose 
 seeds must be furnished. At a meeting of the committee in New York city, in 
 February, 1857, a resolution was adopted instructing the executive committee at 
 Chicago to purchase and forward the necessary seed. At the same time an appro- 
 priation of $5,000 was made to John Brown, to be used by him in raising and 
 equipping in Kansas a company of armed men for the ostensible purpose of 
 defending the free-state settlers, but which it was feared by some might be used 
 by Brown in making incursions into Missouri or some other slave state. 
 
 Mr. Hurd, ascertaining on his return to Chicago that the funds in the hands of 
 the treasurer were barely sufficient to answer one of these requirements, selected 
 that which he thought most important, and the one which he believed would be 
 the most efficient in the settlement of the contest as it affected Kansas, viz., the 
 purchase of the seed, which he immediately set about doing, and when Mr. Brown 
 a short time afterward applied for his appropriation he found the committee's 
 treasury empty. At first Gerritt Smith and other friends of Brown were inclined 
 to find fault with Mr. Hurd's course. They contended that he should at least 
 have divided with Mr. Brown, and for a time there was fear that dissatisfaction 
 would be stirred up; but Mr. Hurd soon found himself vindicated by the events 
 which followed in due time. As had been expected, the restoration of the travel, 
 from the tedious overland route through Iowa and Nebraska, to the Missouri 
 river by way of St. Louis, Jefferson City and Kansas City, and the sale of through 
 tickets from all important points in the North, resulted in a large immigration; 
 claims were taken up and preparations made for permanent abode; but the seeds 
 had been forwarded by a small steamboat which was to ascend the Kansas river 
 to Lawrence. In consequence of low water its arrival was delayed about two 
 weeks. The people therefore gathered at Lawrence from all parts of the ter- 
 ritory, awaiting the arrival of the seeds. At one time it was feared that their 
 expectations would not be realized, and their return to the states was contem- 
 plated as the only alternative. When at last the boat arrived, and the agent of 
 the committee announced that he was ready to make free distribution of seeds to 
 all free-state settlers who desired them for the purpose of planting, such a shout 
 of rejoicing was sent up that the action of Mr. Hurd received the universal com- 
 mendation of the people of the North, and no further question was made by Mr. 
 Brown or his friends as to the wisdom or propriety of his course. The free-state 
 settlers were thus enabled to satisfy their enemies that they had come to stay; they 
 were too many for the Missourians, as the pro-slavery party was called, and the 
 latter gave up the strife. 
 
 In 1862 he formed a partnership for the practice of law with Henry Booth, late 
 one of the judges of the Cook county circuit court, and at the same time accepted a 
 position as lecturer in the law department of the University of Chicago. This
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 105 
 
 partnership continued, with several changes by the admission of junior partners, 
 till 1868, when he withdrew from the firm with the intention of retiring from the 
 practice of his profession. 
 
 In April, 1869, Mr. Hurd, on the nomination of Gov. Palmer, and confirmation 
 of the senate of the twenty-sixth general assembly of Illinois, was appointed one of 
 three commissioners to revise and rewrite the general statutes of the state. One 
 of the commissioners, Mr. Nelson, having been elected to the house of repre- 
 sentatives, the work of the revision fell upon Mr. Hurd and the other commissioner, 
 Mr. Schaeffer, who acted together till the twenty-seventh general assembly ad- 
 journed, when the latter also withdrew, leaving the whole work in the hands of 
 Mr. Hurd, who completed the same with the adjournment of the twenty-eighth 
 general assembly in April, 1874, when the last of the chapters of the revised stat- 
 utes of 1874 was adopted, and Mr. Hurd appointed by that body to compile, edit 
 and supervise the publication of the same, which he has accomplished to the entire 
 satisfaction of the people of the state. Few people appreciate for how many 
 reforms in the law they are indebted to Mr. Hurd, or how great a work it was to 
 revise and rewrite the whole body of the laws of the great state of Illinois, and 
 adapt them to the new condition of things resulting from the adoption of the new 
 constitution of 1870. Ordinarily a revision means the rearrangement and adjust- 
 ing of existing laws, but the revision of the laws of Illinois under the circumstances 
 meant radical changes in many of them; the rejection of old provisions and the 
 construction of new ones; and in many cases the construction of entire new chap- 
 ters, construing for the first time the provisions of the new constitution. Mr. Kurd's 
 work as reviser has proved a success. The state edition of 1874 of 15,000 volumes 
 was soon exhausted, and he has been called upon to edit three editions since, all of 
 which have received the unqualified commendation of the bar and public. In the 
 summer of 1875 Mr. Hurd was again elected to a chair in the law school, which 
 had then become the Union College of Law of the University of Chicago, and the 
 Northwestern University, and now fills the position of professor of pleadings, prac- 
 tice and statutory law in that flourishing institution. 
 
 He was nominated by the republican party as its candidate for the office of 
 judge of the supreme court of Illinois, at the special election held on December 
 21, 1875, but was defeated by his democratic rival, T. L. Dickey, who ran as 
 an independent candidate, and not only received the support of his party but 
 of the city government of Chicago, whose counsel he then was, and the pow- 
 erful railroad influence, the railroad companies attributing to Mr. Hurd a large 
 share in the enactment of the stringent railroad laws contained in his revision. A 
 highly defamatory pamphlet was published against Mr. Hurd a few days before 
 the election too late to be successfully met, and no doubt it had some influence 
 in effecting his defeat. The falsity of this publication was afterward fully estab- 
 lished in the trial of its author for slander and unchristian conduct before the 
 church of which both he and Mr. Hurd were members, and in which the author of 
 the libel was found guilty and censured by the court that tried him In this trial Mr.
 
 IO6 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Hurd gained many friends for his fairness and Christian bearing, as also for his 
 magnanimity toward the one who had thus wronged him. 
 
 As a lawyer Mr. Hurd has long maintained a high position at the bar, his forte 
 being in the argument of legal questions to the court, rather than as an advocate 
 before a jury, though he is by no means unsuccessful in the latter character. His 
 style in speaking is deliberate and argumentative, rather than impassioned and 
 declamatory. In the preparation of his cases he is careful and exhaustive, and is 
 eminently a safe adviser. As a teacher in the law school he is accurate, method- 
 ical and thorough. 
 
 One of the cases in which Mr. Hurd was early engaged, and which attracted 
 a great deal of attention in Cook county, was that of Farrell vs. Cadwell (1861), 
 a case of malpractice on a servant girl's eye, Mr. Hurd being counsel for the plain- 
 tiff and obtaining a verdict of $10,000. 
 
 Another case was that of Hartranft vs. Yundt, tried in Kane county in 1865, 
 a crim. con. case, in which Mr. Hurd was counsel for the plaintiff, gaining the suit 
 with no less than seven or eight lawyers for the defense, including one of the ablest 
 criminal lawyers in the Northwest. 
 
 Mr. Hurd is an indefatigable worker. No one has more implicit faith than he 
 in the ancient maxim, "Labor vincit omnia." He possesses great tenacity of pur- 
 pose, endurance and force of will. He is self-reliant, persistent in whatever he 
 attempts and not easily diverted from the pursuit of his object. Being still in 
 the prime of life, with the laudable ambition as well as the ability to still further 
 distinguish himself, he may well be regarded as one of the rising men of the state. 
 
 PERRY H. SMITH, JR. 
 
 FOREMOST among the young men whose names adorn the bar of Illinois is 
 the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, no man possessing more of 
 the true instincts and characteristics of the gentleman than Perry H. Smith, Jr. 
 
 It will generally be found that similar causes lead to like results in whatever 
 branch of human activity a man's genius and enterprise may be employed. The 
 essentials of success are courage, patience and perseverance. Success brings 
 honor in every honest occupation, and when it is achieved by a young man it 
 adds new pleasure. This has been accomplished by the gentleman who is here- 
 with presented to our readers. He is the son of one of our most respected and 
 wealthy citizens, a gentleman who is prominent among the influential men of 
 Chicago. 
 
 Perry H. Smith, Jr., was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, but his parents removed 
 to Chicago when he was but five years of age. He commenced his school life at 
 the Ogden school, where he remained for one year, and at the age of eight years 
 was a student at the Racine College, where he closely applied himself to his
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 107 
 
 studies for three years, after which he was favored with a trip abroad, visiting 
 the Paris Exposition and other places of interest in France and Germany. 
 
 In 1867 he returned, and was admitted to the Charlier Institute in New York 
 city, where he remained for two years. Again expressing a desire for travel, he 
 was permitted to take an extensive tour abroad, visiting Belgium and all promi- 
 nent points of the old world. After a two years' trip, he returned home and 
 entered the Sophomore class in Hamilton College, New York, where, years 
 before, his father had been graduated, and in 1874 passing a very creditable 
 examination, graduated with the highest honors. He was honored by the fac- 
 ulty with an appointment on the Clark Prize, which is considered one of the chief 
 honors that could be bestowed in the senior year. His classmates fully appre- 
 ciating his abilities selected him as the class orator at the commencement. 
 
 After graduating he made another trip abroad, and returning after a year's 
 absence entered the Columbia College Law School, New York city, presided over 
 by Judge Dwight, a distinguished lawyer and a gentleman of the highest legal 
 attainments. 
 
 Mr. Smith being endowed by nature with a strong and acute intellect, trained 
 under legal teachers distinguished for ability, he closely applied himself to the 
 study of that profession and graduated with the degree of LL.B., and was admit- 
 ted to practice in the supreme court of the state of New York. 
 
 He then returned to Chicago, and entered the law office of John N. Jewett, 
 and has been for three years past the law partner of Francis H. Kales, of the 
 late famous firm of Beckwith, Ayer and Kales. His tastes and character of 
 mind induce a love of legal study for its own sake, and he is therefore wedded to 
 the law. 
 
 In the practice of his profession he is very zealous, as, indeed, he is in every- 
 thing which he undertakes. He is reliable and honorable in all places, and 
 under all circumstances; he is loyal to truth and right, justly valuing his own 
 self-respect and the deserved esteem of his fellow-men, as infinitely better than 
 wealth, fame or position. His character as a citizen is irreproachable; he holds 
 the respect and confidence of all who know him. He has never been known to 
 betray a friend, or a trust, and if he has any enemies they have never made them- 
 selves known. 
 
 In social life he is genial and companionable, warm in his attachments and 
 firm in his friendships, a gentleman, liberal in all his views, and of culture and 
 refinement, a pleasing conversationalist and always the life of the social circle, and 
 can express his views clearly, forcibly and elegantly when the occasion requires. 
 
 Personally he has rare qualities, and by his upright course of life, his deport- 
 ment and independence of character, has made for himself an honorable reputa- 
 tion. He is as quick of observation and prompt in his business as he is generous 
 in his social relations, thoroughly meriting the esteem in which he is held by his 
 fellow-citizens. He was the democratic candidate for congress in the third dis- 
 trict in the Hancock campaign, and carried the city precincts by r,ooo majority.
 
 IO8 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 While Mr. Smith is not exactly a politician in the general acceptation of the 
 term, he has always taken a lively interest in the political matters of the day, and 
 in so doing has ever been honorable and zealous in what he esteems to be the 
 cause of right and justice. 
 
 ISRAEL HOLMES. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Herkimer county, New York, January 
 21, 1828. His father was John Holmes, a widely known physician in that 
 county; his mother's maiden name was Alida Herkimer. He received his early 
 education in the public schools, and fitted for college at Fairfield Academy, in his 
 native county, and entered Union College at Schenectady, from which he gradu- 
 ated with the highest honors in 1849; after which he was chosen principal of 
 Fairfield Academy. He studied law and graduated from the law school at Balls- 
 ton Spa, New York, where he ranked as one of the most proficient and promising 
 students. He was admitted to the bar in the state of New York, and in 1854 
 removed to Portage, Wisconsin, and eventually settled there, in the practice of 
 his profession, and soon took position as one of the foremost lawyers of that state, 
 ranking high as a conscientious and able counselor and an eloquent advocate, 
 and contributed much toward giving to the bar of Wisconsin its reputation. 
 
 Mr. Holmes received his earliest political impressions under the example and 
 teachings of Silas Wright, John A. Dix, and A. C. Flagg, and of such local politi- 
 cians as Michael Hoffman and others, who made such a proud name for old Her- 
 kimer county, and gave her that power in the councils of the state and nation she 
 so justly enjoys; he was a true democrat of their school, and naturally identified 
 himself with the republican organization at its inception; for no man ever lived 
 who hated tyranny in every form, whether over the mind or person, more 
 intensely, and with every fiber of his soul, than Israel Holmes. Thoroughly inde- 
 pendent in thought and action, in all things, he freely concedes the same to every 
 other human being. 
 
 During his residence in Portage he frequently contributed leading articles to 
 the columns of the local papers, and for a time was connected with the editorial 
 department of the "State Register." In that capacity also, he gained more than 
 a local reputation, and his articles always commanded wide spread attention. 
 Had he been connected with the metropolitan journals, he must have gained the 
 same reputation throughout the country as a journalist, that he enjoyed in the 
 state as an advocate. His professional duties, however, required his attention to 
 a degree that forbade editorial labor, and he withdrew from journalism to devote 
 his entire time to his chosen profession. 
 
 In writing or speaking Mr. Holmes has not the art of mystifying with words, 
 at least he will not practice it. With him every word is to represent or help to 
 express an idea, but never to conceal one, and so he always writes and speaks
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. IOQ 
 
 plainly, and to this fact was due much of the reputation he gained in Wisconsin 
 with the common people. So perfect was the confidence of his neighbors in him 
 that they came to lay aside all political differences when he was talked of for 
 office, and supported him unanimously. His political associates knew him to be 
 a republican. He was so just in his dealings with men; was so tolerant and lib- 
 eral toward others who held conflicting views; was so much the friend of the 
 weak at all times, that the average democrat believed that he must be a demo- 
 crat, and so men of all parties favored and supported him with one accord, a 
 sentiment that constantly grew in strength until he determined to retire from 
 politics and devote his labors wholly to his profession. His county often desired 
 to make him a candidate for congress, and on one occasion presented his name 
 in convention, and worked for him most zealously through many ballotings, but 
 with a disdain for the jugglery of politics that was as hearty as it was lofty, he 
 could not be led from the avenues of self-respect, into the by-ways that led to 
 success. Israel Holmes never compromised his-self-respect. Political preferment 
 had but little attraction for him: an unsullied manhood was the apple of his 
 existence. 
 
 Just previous to the great fire of 1871 he moved to Chicago to seek a wider 
 field of operations. After practicing alone for a time, he formed a partnership 
 under the firm name of Holmes, Rich and Noble, which was among the best and 
 strongest law firms in the city; this firm was dissolved in 1881, since which time 
 Mr. Holmes has been alone in practice. He has been very successful, and has 
 been employed in some very important cases, attracting wide attention and inter- 
 est, in which his power as an advocate and an eloquent speaker have been felt. 
 He is a thorough lawyer in either the civil or criminal practice, and ennobles the 
 profession of which he is so honored a member. 
 
 JOHN L. THOMPSON. 
 
 JOHN LEVERETT THOMPSON was born in Plymouth, New Hampshire, in 
 1835, and was the son of William C. Thompson, who was a lawyer in that 
 place. His grandfather, Thomas W. Thompson, who was United States senator and 
 speaker of the house of representatives of New Hampshire, practiced law in Salis- 
 bury, New Hampshire, the birthplace of Daniel Webster, and it was in his office 
 that Webster studied law, and during the period of their connection as preceptor 
 and pupil was formed the friendship between them which lasted through the for- 
 mer's life. The subject of this sketch prepared for college at Meriden, New 
 Hampshire, and entered Dartmouth College in 1852, where he remained two 
 years, when he entered Williams College, remaining there one year. He then 
 began the study of law in the office of Hon. F. H. Dewey, in Worcester, Massachu- 
 setts, attending for a time the law school at Poughkeepsie, New York, and after- 
 ward in 1856 entering the Harvard Law School, where he graduated in 1858, in
 
 IIO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 which year he was admitted to the bar in Worcester. Mr. Thompson then went 
 to Europe to continue his studies and travel, and matriculated at the universities 
 of Berlin, Munich and Paris, severally, and returned to America in 1860. He set- 
 tled in Chicago the same year, and entered the office of Messrs. Scammon, Mc- 
 Cagg and Fuller as a student and clerk, and remained there until the opening of 
 the war, when he entered the army as a private in Battery A, Chicago Light 
 Artillery, and served three months. He then entered the ist R. I. Cav., as lieu- 
 tenant, and afterward was transferred to the ist N. H. Cav., of which he became 
 colonel, being afterward brevetted brigadier-general. Serving with considerable 
 distinction till the close of the war, in the Army of the Potomac, in Pope's Army 
 of Virginia, and in the Army of the Shenandoah, under Sheridan, and in the 
 principal engagements of these corps, Gen. Thompson was mustered out of the 
 service in 1865. Returning to Chicago he reentered the office of Scammon, Mc- 
 Cagg and Fuller, and in the spring of 1866 began practice alone, and in the fol- 
 lowing October formed the partnership now existing between himself and Mr. 
 Norman Williams, which is now one of the oldest law partnerships in the city, 
 under the style of Williams and Thompson. Mr. Thompson's health failing, he 
 has been traveling during 1881 and 1882, in the Rocky mountains and on the 
 Pacific coast, with the desired result of restoring him again to strength and vigor. 
 He was an alderman of the city from 1876 to 1878, is a republican in politics, but 
 is not an aspirant for public office. He was in 1870 a republican candidate for the 
 state constitutional convention, and is now prominently connected with the work 
 of the Citizens' Association of Chicago. Mr. Thompson was married in 1866 to 
 Miss Laura Chandler, of Concord, New Hampshire, and has two children. 
 
 ARTHUR DRAPER RICH. 
 
 AMONG the substantial lawyers at the Chicago bar Arthur D. Rich ranks high. 
 He was born in Ticonderoga, New York, November 25, 1827. His father, 
 Larned Rich, came from Richville, Vermont. His mother's maiden name was 
 Amanda Pearce. She was a native of Bolton, New York. His father served in 
 the revolution and was in the battle of Plattsburg. Arthur received his prelimin- 
 ary education mainly in the schools where he lived, and took a college course in 
 the University of Michigan, from which he was graduated in 1851, when he came 
 to Chicago and studied law with the then well known and strong firm of Judd and 
 Wilson, and later, Judd, Wilson and Frink. He was admitted to the bar in 1853 
 when he commenced practice, and has been so engaged since, doing a general and 
 successful law business, and attaining to a position among the best. He has 
 earned and is accorded the reputation of being a faithful and reliable attorney 
 and counselor, and has conducted to a successful issue some notable cases in the 
 higher courts, which appear in the court reports, and are noted there as involving 
 important points of law. Among them Butler vs. Butler, in 1872, which was an
 
 THE FtF.NCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. I I 3 
 
 attempt to take minor children from the custody of the father and recover their 
 estate, valued at over a quarter of a million dollars; Jenkins vs. Jenkins, a divorce 
 case of consequence which was before the courts several times on various issues; 
 the case of Sims vs. Everhart, involving a large tract of land, the case culminating 
 in the United States Supreme Court in favor of his client; and other cases of note 
 could be cited in the conduct of which he evidenced decided ability and a thorough 
 and varied knowledge of law. In sound judgment, in patient industry, in pains- 
 taking research and clear conception of the spirit and scope of the law as bearing 
 upon the case of his client, in his almost intuitive perception of the right, in his 
 integrity and honesty of purpose, Mr. Rich ranks with the best. He is a man of 
 generous impulses and of genial companionship, which qualities characterize 
 his professional and social relations, and have won for him the deserved respect 
 and regard of those with whom he comes in contact. He devotes his time and 
 energies to his profession to the exclusion of politics, except to discharge his duties 
 as a citizen. He is a member of the Swedenborgian church. In the year 1856 he 
 married Esther Tenant Dyckman, daughter of the late Judge Evert B. Dyckman, of 
 Kalamazoo county, Michigan. They have had nine sons and two daughters; eight 
 of the former and one of the latter survive. 
 
 E. RAYMOND BLISS. 
 
 A^IONG the more prominent and successful of the younger members of the 
 Chicago bar is E. Raymond Bliss, present attorney of Cook county. He was 
 born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, September 3, 1847 ; son of George Ripley 
 Bliss, D.D., an author and professor of theology in the Upland Seminary, in Penn- 
 sylvania. His mother's maiden name was Mary A. Raymond; she was a daughter 
 of Eliakim Raymond, of New York, who gave his children not only the advantages 
 of excellent associations but devoted himself to their correct training and devel- 
 opment. E. Raymond was primarily educated at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He 
 first came to Chicago in 1863, but was away from 1870 to 1876, during which 
 time he attended the Columbia Law School, in Washington, District of Colum- 
 bia, from which he graduated in 1873 and was there admitted to the bar the 
 same year. Upon his return he engaged in practice, first forming a partnership 
 which existed but a few months, when he formed another, in 1880, with Mr. 
 Leander D. Condee, under the firm name of Condee and Bliss, a firm which ranked 
 high and conducted to a successful issue some important cases. Wherever the 
 distinction of merit is preferred to and regarded as superior to ephemeral, acci- 
 dental or incidental success, there the name of E. Raymond Bliss will be recog- 
 nized as deserving of credit. He is yet a young man, but his life work up to this 
 time is to his credit, and the firmness and persistency of his faithfulness to well 
 founded principles, with his integrity of purpose, give promise of a successful 
 future. The individual who devotes himself to an early imbibed principle, and
 
 114 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO 
 
 the profession or avocation of his choice, with earnestness, sincerity and persever- 
 ing energy, is almost certain to rise above the majority of men in the way of 
 success and develop his native abilities, his real character and his manhood. 
 
 He is an active and earnest member of the republican party, and takes the part 
 in politics every good citizen should. September i, 1882, he was appointed by the 
 board of commissioners to the responsible position of attorney for Cook county, 
 and is serving with ability and to the satisfaction of his great clientage, and pro- 
 tecting the interests of the county well. He is held in high estimation by all who 
 know him. 
 
 WILLIAM J. ENGLISH. 
 
 WILLIAM J. ENGLISH is one of the most successful lawyers at the Chi- 
 cago bar. Though comparatively young in years, he has attained to an 
 enviable prominence in a quiet and unostentatious way. His life has been one of 
 activity. He seems to have had the intuition to formulate his future, and the 
 ability, singleness of purpose and integrity of character to consummate his early 
 formed purposes. He possesses the tact, energy and application, which have ena- 
 bled him to meet, contend with and eventually master emergencies, and hence 
 conquer in his profession; such men usually attain to success, and often emi- 
 nence. Gifted by nature with sturdy qualities of mind and body, he has trained 
 and cultured them. 
 
 Mr. English was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin, in the year 1845. His father, 
 John English, was a business man there, and at one time county treasurer. Later 
 he engaged in the wholesale business in Chicago, and is now residing here. He 
 furnished William the advantages for obtaining an education, which were im- 
 proved. After graduating at the Kenosha high school, he entered Michigan 
 University at Ann Arbor, and graduated in the classical course in 1867. He was 
 among the first in his class in all branches, and was a superior linguist. After 
 graduating he remained with the institution, acquiring a knowledge of the mod- 
 ern European languages, and can now read fourteen different languages, includ- 
 ing the Hebrew. He held positions in the university successively as Greek tutor, 
 assistant librarian and curator of the museum, and lost no opportunity to add to 
 his fund of knowledge of all subjects. He took a two years' course in the law 
 school there, graduating in 1869, and was admitted to the Michigan bar. He 
 then came to Chicago, and entered the law office of Walker and Dexter; later 
 became assistant to Mr. J. M. Walker as counselor for the Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy and Michigan Central railroads, and the lines known as the Joy rail- 
 roads. This was a valuable experience as it brought him in contact with the 
 ablest minds of the country, including senators and members of the national 
 house of representatives, and gave him an insight into corporation law, which he 
 practices largely. In 1871 he formed a partnership with Thomas A. Moran, now 
 one of the judges of the circuit court of Cook county, under the firm name of
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. I 15 
 
 Moran and English, and when the former was elected to the bench the firm 
 became, and is now, Hynes, English and Dunne, one of the leading law firms in 
 Chicago. As a lawyer he is studious, and prepares his cases with great care and 
 research. A case well presented is already half tried, he thinks. He masters a 
 case before he leaves it, and when presented to a court it is complete to that 
 extent. 
 
 He is attorney for and manages a great number of estates, and has the 
 implicit confidence of those who have intrusted their interests to him. He has 
 the management of over one hundred estates, besides one of the largest common 
 law dockets in the city, and a combination of legal and business qualifications 
 are indispensable in the successful and faithful prosecution of the same. His 
 education and experience have given him these qualifications. He is the attor- 
 ney for a number of large corporations, including Chicago board of education, 
 the Catholic Bishop of Chicago (a corporation), People's Gas Light and Coke 
 Company, Hibernian Banking Association, Home National Bank, and Fortune 
 Brewing Company. The management of the school property, amounting to mill- 
 ions, with an annual income of about $200,000, requires special fitness which he 
 possesses. So also of other large estates. 
 
 Mr. English was appointed a member of the Chicago board of education 
 three successive times, and served seven years and declined a reappointment. On 
 his retirement, the board passed the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That we part with regret with the valuable services of William J. English, who has 
 discharged his duties faithfully as a member of the board of education during the past seven 
 years, a great portion of said time acting as chairman of the committee on school fund property, 
 who has ever proved himself a zealous and watchful guardian over the interests of the public 
 schools of the city, and that our best wishes go with him in his retirement. 
 
 At the following election, however, the board, desiring to retain his services, 
 elected him attorney of the board, which position he still holds. From his first 
 appointment he was chairman of the committee on school fund property, requir- 
 ing the highest business ability combined with legal knowledge. He had as 
 assistants on that committee such successful business men and millionaires as D. 
 A. Kohn,' Perry H. Smith and E. G. Keith, the latter succeeding him as chairman. 
 As attorney he now has the same charge of the fund. As the recognized scholar 
 of the board, he was also accorded the chairmanships of the committees on high 
 schools and of the judiciary. While a linguist, and having a special fondness for 
 the Greek language, he did not hesitate to antagonize the prevailing sentiment 
 in the board at the time when the finances of the city were straitened, and took 
 radical ground in favor of giving primary children the full advantages of rudi- 
 mental education, even if to the detriment of those pursuing higher studies, 
 music, drawing and modern languages, at the expense of the public money 
 designed to educate the poorer children in the fundamental branches. He was 
 sustained in his position by the real friends of public schools, the mayor and the 
 press, the latter approving his course in its editorial columns.
 
 Il6 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He is the adviser of many mercantile houses, which have confidence in his 
 ability to advise them because he has evidenced his competency and knowledge 
 of business management in having accumulated a handsome property himself. 
 He is quiet and modest in his manner, and attends strictly to his professional 
 business. 
 
 THOMAS CRATTY. 
 
 THOMAS CRATTY was born in Champaign county, Ohio, of Irish parentage, 
 his great-great-grandfather having emigrated from the north of Ireland in 
 1760, and settled in Pennsylvania, where many of his descendants still reside. 
 Several of the family were prominently connected with the current events of the 
 day, and the grandfather of the above, who was born in Franklin county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1763, bore arms as a soldier in the revolutionary war. 
 
 His ancestors were very long-lived, almost always exceeding the allotted time 
 of man, and often nearly reaching the one hundredth year. His grandmother, 
 who reached the age of ninety-three, when over eighty years of age made the 
 journey on horseback from Delaware county, Ohio, to Butler county, Pennsylva- 
 nia, a distance of over two hundred and fifty miles. Her mother died at the age 
 of ninety-nine. Robert Cratty, a great-uncle, is still living in Marion county, 
 Ohio, strong and erect, at the advanced age of ninety-seven. 
 
 William Cratty, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Butler 
 county, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1805, but removed to Ohio when a boy, in 1814. 
 In April, 1826, he was married to Miss Candis Bennett, who was born in Rhode 
 Island, December 25, 1805, and they lived happily together up to the time of her 
 death. He was an earnest, indefatigable abolitionist, and for many years, while 
 in Ohio, he was thought to be a conductor, and his residence a station-house on 
 the under-ground railroad running across the state into Canada. During those 
 years of unparalleld struggle for freedom there was a standing reward of $3,000 
 offered for his body, dead or alive, delivered south of the Ohio river, and many 
 times while the devoted mother was at home alone with the children she could 
 hear the curses of the slave hunters heaped upon her husband, as they hanged 
 him (in imagination) to a neighboring tree. From their parents the children 
 very naturally early imbibed their anti-slavery sentiments. 
 
 For many years, until broken down by hard work, William Cratty was a thor- 
 ough, industrious farmer, and when old age crept on he was obliged to seek rest 
 and a more retired life, and now resides with a widowed daughter in the beautiful 
 town of Elmwood, Illinois, in the vicinity of all of his remaining children and 
 grandchildren, who gladly minister to the wants of his declining years. He rests 
 in the satisfaction of having done his work well, having raised up a family of 
 twelve children, eight girls and four boys, of whom five girls and two boys are 
 still living.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. \ \ J 
 
 The death of Mrs. Cratty, which occurred in her home in Elmwood on Janu- 
 ary 27, 1875, was deeply mourned by all who knew her. Her family, who gath- 
 ered around her during her last sickness, deeply felt the loss of the gentle hand 
 and loving heart that had so long kept them in peace and happiness around the 
 family hearth. Although tried almost beyond endurance by a long and severe 
 illness, she was a consistent and exemplary Christian woman, an affectionate and 
 devoted wife, and a loving mother. Her disposition was uniformly kind and 
 gentle, and she was sincerely loved by her husband and children. Theirs was a 
 happy family, and those remaining revere the memory of her to whom they owe 
 so much of what they now are and enjoy. She and her husband early became 
 members of the Presbyterian church, and they ever after adhered to their first 
 choice. 
 
 The subject of this sketch, a farmer boy, was early trained to habits of indus- 
 try and sobriety, and inherited from his parents a genius for hard labor. His 
 education was mainly acquired from attendance at the country common school 
 in the winter months, sandwiched between seasons of farm labor. His collegiate 
 education was limited to the ownership of a scholarship. At an early age he 
 began the work of a pedagogue in a district school, boarding round, and holding 
 spelling schools Friday nights. This he kept up until the fall of 1854, when he 
 took a trip through the southern states, as well for a recreation as to better 
 acquaint himself with, the institution of slavery. Being limited in means with 
 which to pay his way, he taught school a portion of the time, and thereby had 
 opportunities of witnessing results of the divine right which, when he returned 
 to Illinois a year after, made him if possible more bitter than ever against 
 slavery. 
 
 After his return, in 1856, he continued farming, struggling nobly against hard 
 times and low prices, on a farm of several hundred acres. When in 1860 finan- 
 cial troubles brought his farming operations to a close, he saw in the ruins the 
 long-hoped-for opportunity of entering the profession of his choice. Gathering 
 together what little he could from the wreck, he commenced the study of law in 
 the Chicago Law School, from which he graduated with honor in 1861, and was 
 immediately admitted to practice by the supreme court, then in session at Ottawa. 
 Not being able to pay cash for his tuition at the law school, he gave to the then 
 professor in charge, Hon. Henry Booth, his note therefor, and paid the same out 
 of the first moneys earned in his practice. For Prof. Booth he has always enter- 
 tained the highest regard as a thorough lawyer and an accomplished gentleman. 
 
 During his attendance at the law school poverty compelled him to keep bach, 
 cooking his own meals and doing his own housework. It no doubt agreed with 
 him, for it is said he did not miss a meal or a lecture during the year. He, with 
 his companions in poverty, E. S. Abbott, of La Salle, Illinois, and P. W. Harts, 
 of Springfield, Illinois, occupied a small room in an old house, still standing, on 
 the corner of Green and Randolph streets. Many pleasant recollections are 
 retained of the school and the faculty, by whom he was selected as one of four
 
 Il8 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 graduates who participated in a moot trial at a public exhibition in Metropolitan 
 hall, by way of graduating exercises. 
 
 After his admission to the bar he commenced practice in Elmwood, Peoria 
 county, Illinois, with but little money and less furniture, and a library consisting 
 of one small law book. For two years it was a struggle to get along, having to 
 allow the fees earned of the merchants, to go toward paying his old farming bills. 
 Had it not been for the kindness of W. H. Kellogg and Dr. J. J. Lobaugh, it 
 might have gone even harder for the young lawyer; but when kindness was of 
 some account, they extended it. As a village practitioner it became necessary 
 for him to travel over the country considerably; but no inclemency of the weather 
 or roughness of the roads ever prevented him from meeting his engagements. 
 
 In the fall of 1863 he entered into a partnership with Hon. W. W. O'Brien, a 
 prominent lawyer in Peoria, but now of Chicago, with whom he did a pleasant 
 and prosperous business for three years. Being of opposite political views, it was 
 in the contract that politics should not be a subject of conversation between 
 them, that they might avoid unpleasantness. 
 
 The present law firm of Cratty Brothers in Peoria, was formed in January, 
 1872, by the admission into the profession of Josiah Cratty, an only brother. 
 They are doing an increasingly prosperous business. The collection department 
 of their office has become so extensive that they now require the assistance of 
 several clerks and a stenographer. Being a hard worker himself, he desires others 
 in his employ to follow his example, and remember the meaning of the conspicu- 
 ous sign in his office, "Time is Money," for to such industry does he owe his 
 present position at the bar. 
 
 On May i, 1880, Mr. Cratty came to Chicago and entered into partnership with 
 W. W. O'Brien, under the name and style of O'Brien and Cratty (still retaining 
 his office in Peoria), which partnership lasted four months, when Mr. Cratty 
 became a member of the firm of Tenney, Flower and Cratty. This latter connec- 
 tion lasted until May i, 1882, when the firm was dissolved, since which time Mr. 
 . Cratty has been practicing alone. 
 
 In politics he is a republican, but political fame has for him no allurements, 
 he never having held or been a candidate for any office. 
 
 During the years 1871-2-3 he, together with Mr. Leslie Robison, published 
 the " Peoria Review," a daily, weekly and tri-weekly republican newspaper, of 
 wide circulation. Connected therewith they had an extensive steam job office 
 and blank book manufactory and bindery. The newspaper requiring too much 
 time and attention from their professional duties, they disposed of it, and its 
 publication was discontinued. In the presidential campaign of 1872 the "Review" 
 supported the late Horace Greeley for president. 
 
 In enterprises of public benefit Mr. Cratty has been among the foremost, not 
 always regarding his own self-interest in the matter. When school houses were 
 thinly scattered over the western prairies he assisted in organizing the first 
 teachers' institute of Knox county, a feature that has become so invaluable to the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. Iig 
 
 cause of education. The Elmwood Paper Manufacturing Company, the Cham- 
 ber of Commerce Association of Peoria, the Merchants' Exchange, and the Peoria 
 Public Library, are each indebted partly to the assistance and material aid of Mr. 
 Cratty for their existence and success. 
 
 His ability as a speaker has received many compliments, not the least of which 
 is his occupying the position of law lecturer in Cole's Commercial College, Peo- 
 ria, delivering his lectures weekly for several years, both to citizens and to students 
 of the college. 
 
 Although of a domestic turn of mind, it has never been his fortune to marry, 
 and at this late day he is rather busy to pay much attention to the selection of a 
 life partner. Being a man of firm integrity and untiring industry, a lawyer of 
 honest purpose and an increasing practice, he has attained an enviable position 
 in society and at the bar of his state. 
 
 ROBERT HERVEY. 
 
 ROBERT HERVEY was born in Glasgow, Scotland, August 10, 1820, his 
 father, Alexander, being a West India merchant and, like the long-lost 
 brother in the novels of the time, owning a plantation in Trinidad. In his youth 
 Robert attended the preparatory grammar schools, and entering Glasgow Univer- 
 sity was graduated in 1837. Shortly after this event he turned his face to the new 
 world, and settling in Canada began the study of the law with Henry Sherwood, 
 attorney general of the province. He was admitted to the bar in 1842, and com- 
 menced practice in Bytown, now Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion. His ability 
 and solid legal acquirements soon won him a very extensive and paying practice 
 in Bytown; but the city was small and, after all, provincial, and desiring a wider 
 field he readily yielded to the solicitations of an uncle, long a resident of Illinois, 
 to settle in Chicago. Removing thither in 1852, he became a member of the firm 
 of Morris, Hervey and Clarkson, a firm existing until the elevation of the senior 
 partner, Buckner S. Morris, to the bench. Mr. Hervey continued with Mr. Clark- 
 son until 1857, when he formed with Eliot Anthony the firm of Hervey and 
 Anthony. In 1860 Mr. Gait was admitted to the firm, and the copartnership con- 
 tinued to 1877, and was then the oldest legal firm in the city. 
 
 He has always enjoyed an extensive and profitable practice in all the courts, 
 state and national, civil and criminal. Mr. Hervey, indeed, has been retained in 
 most of the cases of public importance, civil and criminal alike, which have come 
 before our courts in his time. He assisted in the defense of the nineteen alder- 
 men indicted for bribery, only one of whom was convicted. He also defended 
 Arthur Devine for the murder of Francis McVey, one of his employes, and secured 
 Devine's acquittal ; and of all the capital cases in which he has been retained not 
 one of his clients has suffered the extreme penalty of the law. He was retained 
 by the state in the celebrated Hoops murder case, and again in the defense of 
 the county commissioners, not one of whom was found guilty.
 
 I2O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The list of his important civil cases would be too large for publication here. 
 His firm were the attorneys of the complaining stockholders of the Galena Rail- 
 way Company, and succeeded in preventing its consolidation with the North- 
 western until their clients were paid the full value of their shares, and in almost 
 innumerable cases of similar importance he has been counsel on the one side or 
 the other. It may be said that he lives in the court, his special forte being trial of 
 cases before a jury. He has fine literary attainments and is an accomplished 
 linguist. His integrity as a lawyer and a man is unquestioned. No corporation 
 ever purchased his conscience, no client ever retained it. He is a prominent 
 member and one of the originators of the Chicago Bar Association, and has been 
 frequently president of the St. Andrews Society and chief of the Caledonian Club. 
 
 He has been twice married: in 1843 to Maria Jones, daughter of Dunham 
 Jones, collector of the Port Maitland, and in 1861 to Frances W. Smith. 
 
 In personal appearance Mr. Hervey is rather distingue. His form is medium 
 height, very erect and well proportioned. His complexion is fresh, his whiskers 
 are gray and worn in the English fashion, his hair is silvery, his head well shaped, 
 his eyes gray and keen, and the tout ensemble that of a very pronounced Scotch- 
 man. In his demeanor he is very affable and courteous, and before a jury and in 
 the examination of a witness, as well as in his treatment of opposing counsel, is 
 always gentlemanly and considerate. 
 
 CAPT. STEPHEN F. BROWN. 
 
 OTEPHEN F. BROWN was born in Swanton, Franklin county, Vermont, April 
 w^3 1841, and was reared on a farm. His maternal grandfather served during the 
 revolution and was with Washington at Valley Forge. He received his primary 
 education in the schools of his native town, and subsequently attended the academy 
 at Swanton Falls spring and fall, teaching school winters and working on the farm 
 in summer, until he had fitted himself for college, when he passed examination for 
 admission to the Vermont University in the fall of 1862, immediately after which 
 he enlisted in the service of his country, and graduated in the Army of the Poto- 
 mac with an empty sleeve for a diploma. He enlisted as a private in Co. K, I3th 
 Vt. Inf. and was elected first lieutenant of that company. The regiment enlisted 
 for but nine months, and its term of service had expired just before the battle of 
 Gettysburg wa% fought, but it continued in service and did itself great credit in 
 that memorable contest. The second Vermont brigade, of which that regiment 
 was a part, did effective service, and Capt. Brown distinguished himself, and his 
 name has since been placed on the roll of honor for gallantry and daring, about 
 which it is proper in this connection to state some facts. 
 
 The officers of Vermont regiments formed a reunion society after the war, and 
 have held an annual meeting and banquet ever since. In January, 1882, that 
 society met at White River Junction, Vermont, where an address was delivered
 
 **$ 

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 123 
 
 by Capt. Albert Clark, of i3th regiment, and the following extract from it will 
 explain an incident which has become historical: 
 
 " One personal incident of the Gettysburg campaign let me here contribute. 
 We had marched an entire sweltering forenoon without a drop of water. A short 
 halt was made and orders passed along the line 'to rest in place.' Notwithstand- 
 ing this the commanding general had taken the precaution to place a safeguard 
 over a neighboring well, he knowing what the troops did not know, that the well 
 would prove totally inadequate to the wants of the brigade, and within an hour 
 Frederick City would be reached, where an ample supply of water could be ob- 
 tained. Disregarding the order and the safeguard, Lieut. S. F. Brown, from Swan- 
 ton, went to the well and, in the face of threatened death, obtained some water 
 and took it to a few of his famishing men. He was immediately put under arrest 
 and deprived of his sword. When Gettysburg was reached, and all could see that 
 there would be business for every one on the morrow, Brown went to Gen. Stan- 
 nard and asked for his sword, promising to return it if he survived the battle. 
 The general found himself relieved from an embarrassing position, in which his 
 generous sense of gallantry contended with his knowledge of the importance of 
 discipline, by replying that the weapon had been sent with the baggage twenty- 
 five miles to the rear. But nothing discouraged, Brown armed himself with a 
 hatchet and went into the fight. All through the two terrific days that followed, 
 whenever there was an opportunity near him for conspicuous gallantry, there that 
 hatchet was seen swinging; and all through the live long night, while most of us 
 were wrapt in slumber, he was hovering along the front, and even penetrating the 
 skirmish line to help off the wounded and minister unto the dying. I hardly need 
 add that after the battle he was allowed to wear a captured sabre. Nothing more 
 was ever heard of the impending court-martial, and after his honorable discharge 
 he again entered service as a captain in the i7th, lost an arm at the Wilderness and 
 is now a prosperous lawyer in Chicago." 
 
 The error in the above statement is that although Capt. Brown is the personal 
 friend of the general, the subject of the arrest has never been mentioned between 
 them. The lieutenant-colonel was the one who just before the battle informed the 
 captain of his release from arrest, but that his sword was away in the baggage 
 with the quartermaster. 
 
 These facts became generally known through the newspapers. More than 
 nineteen years had passed, but the veteran soldiers of the West determined that 
 such gallantry merited recognition, and the subject of this sketch was, a few 
 months ago, presented with a very elegant medal in commemoration of the event, 
 concerning which the " Chicago Times" of May 28, 1882, contained the following: 
 
 "Capt. Stephen F. Brown, a well-known member of the Chicago bar, was the 
 recipient of distinguished honors at the meeting of Post 28, G.A.R., on Tuesday 
 evening. The occasion was particularly noteworthy, as this was the first instance 
 where a veteran has been complimented by his comrades with a medal for any dis- 
 play of gallantry. The facts which led to the event noted were brought out inci- 
 13
 
 124 THE BEN CH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 dentally in an oration delivered before the Vermont officers reunion last winter, 
 and were briefly set forth in the charges preferred at the past meeting. Capt. 
 Brown was arraigned under the following specification: For having obtained water 
 for his soldiers contrary to orders while performing a forced march to Gettysburg, 
 and thereby having been ordered under arrest and deprived of his sword; for 
 having gone into battle armed only with a camp hatchet after having been released 
 from arrest, his sword being in the keeping of a quartermaster, who was in a safe 
 place somewhere; for capturing a rebel officer in a hand-to-hand contest, and 
 taking from the latter his revolver and saber; for having rushed into a place of 
 extreme danger to save a wounded comrade, and, when wounded himself, refusing 
 to leave the field until the fight was over. Evidence of the truth of these charges 
 was supplied by members of his company, now residents of Chicago, and the 
 captain was then sentenced to receive a gold badge of most beautiful design 
 and workmanship. The guard bar is an angle, with crossed cannon below, a mini- 
 ature hatchet of platinum, and suspended from this is a colonel's badge, from 
 which depend charms supporting a five-pointed star, bearing the G.A.R. badge, 
 surrounded by oak leaves. On the back is the inscription : ' Presented, May 23, 
 1882, by friends in Post 28, G.A.R., to Capt. Stephen F. Brown, for gallantry at 
 Gettysburg.'" 
 
 The facts and circumstances that surrounded Capt. Brown's breach of disci- 
 pline are set forth in his extempore response to the presentation, which we copy 
 from the "Chicago Weekly Freeman," of June i, 1882, whose reporter was present 
 .at the time. After expressing his thanks for the beautiful and costly gift, and 
 the kind expressions that accompanied its presentation, and stating that all com- 
 mendations of his valor and patriotism applied equally to every worthy member 
 of the Grand Army of the Republic, Capt. Brown said: "The device [the 
 hatchet] upon this medal must have been intended by its donors to commemorate 
 an episode in my army life, an event of my boyhood, upon which I have fre- 
 quently reflected since maturity, and although I have discovered no valid reason 
 for revising the conclusion I then formed, I can never forget that in obtaining 
 water for my famishing men, I not only incurred the penalty of death for forcing 
 a safeguard, but also disobeyed the positive orders of my superior officer. Hence 
 in my mental horizon, have there floated the mists of doubt, and the hazy horror 
 of the military maxim: 'A soldier's honor is to obey.' Contemplate the relief I 
 now experience in such an indorsement from veterans, a majority of whom have 
 held commissions, and many of them, including yourself, sir, of distinguished 
 rank. This occasion furnishes an added illustration of the fact that no great 
 principle can be extended beyond its proper limits, without crossing the bounda- 
 ries of some other great truth. 
 
 "Comrades, you have often followed honor across barriers where death stood 
 sentinel. You have suppressed the holiest and tenderest emotions, and bidden 
 the heart keep still, while cold duty led you through hottest dangers, but you 
 have admitted to-night that sometimes hearts find their way surer than heads to
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 125 
 
 wise conclusions. I do not take this occasion to cast any reflections upon the 
 general who commanded. He is a man of noble and generous impulses. Except 
 for him the history of this country might have been written differently. He is 
 one of the bravest of the brave. He hurled his regiments upon the enemy in 
 hand to hand conflict, and actually finished the fighting at Gettysburg. I am 
 always ready to uncover in his presence, but I think now, as I thought then, that 
 he did not fully realize the extremes of suffering we endured on the fearful forced 
 march by which we reached that battle-field. You may the better judge of its 
 rigors when you remember that our brigade (the 2d Vt.) was left on outpost duty 
 in Virginia until the third day after the Army of the Potomac had passed us in 
 pursuit of Lee, and that in six days after we started, we overtook that army on 
 its forced march. Ours was, therefore, doubly severe. 
 
 "Our nine months' term of service had expired before we left Virginia, and we 
 supposed our march would terminate at the first railroad leading to Vermont, 
 and so the boys filled their knapsacks with every conceivable relic of camp, until 
 they appeared more like a brigade of foot pedlers than soldiers, while the multi- 
 tude of dogs they were taking home devoured their rations. However, before 
 we reached the Maryland border, we were alike destitute of knapsacks, dogs and 
 rations, but the boys were tired out. 
 
 "Col. H. W. Jackson recently delivered a lecture before the Historical Society 
 in this city, wherein he very properly paid a tribute to the generosity and patri- 
 otism of the people of Maryland and Pennsylvania, who are said to have wel- 
 comed the advanced guard of the Union Army with munificent hospitality. 
 
 " I pause now and here to respectfully recommend, that the first hundred 
 pages of the history of the rebellion be kept free of any other matter, that 
 thereon may be recorded the outlines of some slight tribute to the enormous 
 appetite of that advanced guard, and of that army that consumed everything in 
 its progress, and left its track as destitute of rations for its rear guard, as if it 
 had been marching across the Sahara. 
 
 " I have offered, and have seen other soldiers offer, to those generous and pat- 
 riotic citizens one dollar a loaf for bread, and no takers. There was none. Never 
 before had these boys passed a summer beyond the cool breezes of their native 
 mountains, but they then found themselves in a climate almost tropical, burdened 
 with the weight of gun and ammunition, and clothed with heavy woolen gar- 
 ments, and thus they marched on and on, over a seemingly endless track, 
 fatigued, hungry, exhausted, the perspiration pouring from them like summer 
 rain. 
 
 " In many cases the rough stones of the macadam pike had worn through the 
 'soles of their shoes, and their tracks were blood-stained. They were too plucky 
 to fall out when exhausted; they fell out only when they fainted. 
 
 "We actually marched past the prostrate forms of unconscious soldiers, strug- 
 gling convulsively in the dust. So urgent was the march, that we were not 
 allowed to stop and assist such a one. We were only permitted to leave the
 
 I 26 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ranks for water three times a day, and a canteen full, under the circumstances, 
 would not last an hour. 
 
 "These were my school fellows. Their parents, their mothers had charged 
 me with their well being. They were on the cruel road from Gethsemane to 
 their Golgotha, like that innocent Nazarene, whom our order recognizes, and 
 whom my mother had taught me to worship as a God, because he gave up his 
 life for others. But these brave boys, amidst all the extremes of their suffering, 
 were each bearing his cross toward his Calvary, there to offer up himself, a willing 
 sacrifice for my liberty and for yours, and that of all the people that dwell in this 
 broad land from ocean to ocean, and all the generations that are to come. 
 
 "These were the martyrs of liberty, and their piteous cries of distress went up 
 to heaven. They were perishing from thirst with an abundance of water in 
 sight. What less could man have done than what I did ? And, except the pleas- 
 ing consciousness that attends well doing, what greater pleasure can I now expe- 
 rience than comes to me from your generous indorsement of my act? Surely 
 man in his dark strivings may still be conscious of the right way. 
 
 "I was ordered under arrest, and deprived of my sword. It was placed in the 
 possession of the quartermaster, for it was supposed I had disgraced it. In my 
 then situation, nothing for arms was obtainable but a common camp hatchet, 
 and with that I encountered the enemy. But to-night, you encounter me with a 
 hatchet of gold, and I interpret your peaceful attack to mean, that there are 
 exceptions to all general rules, and that an intelligent, manly act, prompted by 
 pure purposes, will always answer for its own consequences and furnish its own 
 vindication. Upon the medal which you have presented" to me, appears the 
 hatchet, but no word of disgrace. I read upon it words of commendation. 
 Surely, time dispels the illusions of opinion, and vindicates all things that in 
 themselves are right. Again, sir, permit me to thank you and these friends for 
 your kind words, and this elegant gift." 
 
 During this desperate engagement he was injured in the head by concussion 
 from the explosion of a shell, while in the act of aiding one of his soldiers, who 
 had had a leg carried away by a shell. The final result of this injury was the 
 permanent loss of nearly all of the hair on his head. Notwithstanding this severe 
 injury he remained on the field, refusing to be taken to the rear, and held himself 
 in readiness to take part in any succeeding battle as his condition would admit 
 of, but the battle was essentially closed, and he, with the regiment, was taken to 
 Vermont and mustered out. Subsequently Vermont attempted to organize a vet- 
 eran regiment from the discharged brigade, and he was commissioned recruiting 
 officer for northern Vermont, and had a company of one hundred and sixty men 
 ready to muster long before any one else. The veterans had confidence in him,' 
 and enlisted under him. He accepted the captaincy of the company; though he 
 had not sufficiently recovered his health to again engage in the service, he listened 
 to the call of duty, which was to him paramount to all other considerations. In 
 the spring of 1864 the regiment was organized as the iyth Vermont, and imme-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. \2"J 
 
 diately took the field and participated in the Battle of the Wilderness, in which 
 on May 6, following, he lost his left arm by a minie ball which entered his 
 shoulder and came out at the elbow, while that arm was extended in giving 
 orders to his men on the left. The arm was amputated, and after great suffering 
 it healed. One of the fortunate results of this wound was his complete recovery 
 from the injury in the head, the cerebral pressure being relieved by the excessive 
 discharge of blood. 
 
 After his final muster out, and when he had recovered his health and strength 
 sufficiently to admit of his pursuing his studies, he entered the Albany Law Uni- 
 versity, and graduated with the highest honors of his class March 3, 1868; was 
 admitted to the bar and removed to Chicago, and engaged in the practice of his 
 profession, which he has persistently followed since. When he commenced he 
 had but twenty-five dollars in his pocket, and had never spent an hour in a law 
 office, but as the result solely of his law practice he has accumulated a handsome 
 fortune, including the Vermont block, where his office is, and real estate else- 
 where. The great fire destroyed his building and a fine law library, but he has 
 more than recovered all since. In pursuing the legal profession his courage has 
 never faltered, and invention and enterprise have distinguished his career in 
 Chicago. 
 
 The following illustrates his invention: After the great fire in Chicago, Capt. 
 Brown rented for a law office a room on Desplaines street, Chicago, wherein was 
 a pine table and upon it a copy of the New Testament. A man called for advice. 
 He stated that as a collector he held money which he desired to use a few days, 
 but that it belonged 'to his principal, who threatened to capias him unless he paid 
 over. Capt. Brown told his client that he had the latest law on the subject, and 
 opening the Testament read Mat. v, 25: "Agree with thine adversary quickly," 
 etc. That law settled that case. 
 
 As we have said, he has been financially successful, but none of his gold is 
 stained with blood, or rusted with tears. His purpose and practice is to render 
 to every man his just dues without distinction. His present partner, Mr. Hull, 
 relates an incident illustrating Capt. Brown's old fashioned notions of honesty 
 and fair dealing: During Mr. Hull's earliest connection with the office as a clerk, 
 one of his duties was to watch the court calls, and not being familiar with his 
 duties, a case of replevin went by default, and a judgment in trover for $290.45 was 
 rendered against his client, and the term passed so that it could not be set aside. 
 Capt. Brown promptly drew his check payable to his client's order for that amount, 
 and no case has since gone by default in that office. 
 
 The subject of this sketch has not only never sought to be retained in cases 
 merely for advertisement, but has, as now appears, sometimes declined retainers 
 in cases that vainer men would gladly grasp. Two criminals in fleeing from the 
 scene, of a burglary they had just committed in Chicago, were arrested by police 
 officer Hubner, whom one of them killed. James Tracy and Michael Rock, two 
 discharged convicts, were arrested and held for that crime. Rock's father and
 
 128 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 brothers knowing the captain's skill, ability and success as an advocate, offered 
 him a retainer for the defendant Rock. Before accepting it, however, he inquired 
 into the case, and the following letter from him to Mr. Rock, Sr., from whom the 
 writer obtained it, illustrates points in Capt. Brown's professional methods. 
 
 JOSEPH B. ROCK, Esq. CHICAGO, April 15, 1882. 
 
 Dear Sir: I have inquired into the case of your son, charged with murder, and give you 
 timely information that I cannot undertake the case, for the following reasons : First, Your son, 
 apparently more anxious for Tracy's safely than his own, demands that we defend Tracy jointly 
 with himself. Second, That we prove by members of your family that Tracy slept with Michael 
 Rock at your house on the night of the murder, -which was not a fact. Third, That if we fail to 
 establish that false alibi for Tracy, Michael Rock threatens to be sworn and deny the testimony of 
 his brothers and sisters, necessary witnesses in his own defense. Thanking you for the efforts you 
 have made to change the insane purposes of your son, and fully appreciating the confidence that 
 has induced you to request my professional services in a case of such moment to him and your 
 household, I must decline to accept the retainer you so generously offer. 
 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully yours, STEPHEN F. BROWN, 
 
 For Brown and Hull. 
 
 P.S. I am satisfied that your son is innocent of the murder, and I shall not fail to exert my 
 influence in favor of his acquittal. S. F. B. 
 
 James Tracy expiated his crimes on the gallows in Chicago, September 15, 
 1882, and the case against Michael Rock was nolle prossed. Capt. Brown never 
 sought a criminal practice, but has been uniformly successful in every criminal 
 trial he has undertaken; and in some important cases he has defended, the evi- 
 dence of the defendant's guilt seemed overwhelming; but the attorney fully 
 believed in the innocence of his client. 
 
 In the McManus arson case defendant was a saloon-keeper, and lived on the 
 same floor and in rear of the saloon. The stock in trade was insured for $600, 
 and there was not a pint of liquor or a cigar in the saloon, and when the fire 
 department arrived defendant had his household goods packed and moved into 
 the alley in the rear with his family. The fire was easily extinguished. The 
 firemen found in the saloon a ball of candle wicking saturated with kerosene. It 
 was therefore conceded that the place was set on fire. The case was stubbornly 
 prosecuted, and the trial was a severe one. The fire department, an insurance 
 company and an irate and wealthy landlord assisted the prosecution. But Capt. 
 Brown's management of the case was as fearless and honorable as it was inge- 
 nious and masterly, and the jury acquitted the defendant. 
 
 Shortly after the great fire a maimed soldier, named Sommers, who kept a 
 saloon on North Desplaines street, Chicago, was arrested for assault with a deadly 
 weapon with intent to kill. The circumstances attending the assault were that a 
 mob had surrounded the saloon to obtain free drinks, and the accused, after vainly 
 trying to disperse the mob, fired a pistol shot in the air above their heads, and 
 that only caused derision. He next fired directly to disperse the mob, and the 
 bullet lodged in the leg of a small boy on the outskirts of the crowd. Hence the 
 arrest.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. I 2Q 
 
 Capt. Brown sought to introduce evidence to prove among other things that 
 as many as twelve of the individuals in that mob had since that time been indict- 
 ed for various crimes, from highway robbery to petty larceny, but the court 
 refused to allow the evidence; and though it was conceded to be the rule that if 
 the accused was found to have acted as a man of ordinary prudence would have 
 acted under similar circumstances the jury must acquit the accused, yet the 
 court refused to admit testimony tending to show what the circumstances were. 
 Thereupon Capt. Brown, as defendant's counsel, appealed from the court to the 
 jury upon a question of law, under a provision of the Illinois statutes, and the 
 jury discharged the defendant. It was an extraordinary proceeding, and one 
 never resorted to in any other case that has come to the knowledge of the writer, 
 but it was the only thing that could have saved the defendant from a verdict of 
 guilty. It was afterward ascertained to have been the intention of the judge to 
 have suspended sentence in the event of a verdict of guilty; but the attorney 
 replied that he had no knowledge at the time as to any such intention, and 
 thought the intention to convict was sufficiently manifest. The jury immediately 
 rendered their verdict of acquittal, and the enthusiastic friends of the defendant 
 lifted Capt. Brown upon their shoulders, much to his surprise and against his 
 earnest protest, and bore him triumphantly from the court-house. 
 
 His practice has been largely in the civil courts, wherein he has had occasion 
 to rejoice in many triumphs, while his defeats can be numbered on the fingers of 
 one hand, and these only because occasionally misinformed by a client. In every 
 sense of the term his career has marked the successful lawyer. 
 
 In the circuit court, before Judge McAllister and a jury, he defended Peter E. 
 Reimond in an action brought by Richard Bonhomie to recover $1,500, and 
 actually recovered a verdict against the plaintiff in the suit in favor of the defend- 
 ant for $271 and costs. 
 
 Capt. Brown was intrusted with the prosecution or defense of many mechan- 
 ics' lien suits brought after the rebuilding that followed the great fire of Chicago, 
 and in every one of these suits he was equally successful, whether for plaintiff or 
 defendant, and some of them were hotly contested. Not the least notable among 
 them was the case of Biggs et al. vs. Clapp, in which he'was opposed by Messrs. 
 Fuller and Smith. That case was reported in the "Chicago Legal News" of 
 1875, p. 272, and in the seventy-fourth volume Illinois Supreme Court Reports. 
 
 Another notable case that he defended was Holden vs. Bushnell et al., the last 
 trial over which the late Judge Porter, of the superior court, presided. The 
 amount involved was $20,000, and the trial of the cause occupied the entire week 
 preceding the sudden death of the judge. 
 
 Capt. Brown made a successful defense, closing the case with a masterly argu- 
 ment ; and though he had not averaged three hours of rest out of every twenty- 
 four during the trial, he was in good condition at its close, but both attorneys for 
 plaintiff were exhausted. 
 
 A fine physical constitution and untiring industry, united with strong common
 
 130 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 sense and natural tact, arm him with the power of "bringing things to pass,' 
 and his unassailable integrity gives him power with judges and jurors. 
 
 Capt. Stephen F. Brown has never yet been, but has thus far declined to be, a 
 candidate for any political office. In 1873 a nominating convention sent its com- 
 mittee to tender him a membership in the legislature, which he declined. In 
 1868 the executive committees, on behalf of both political parties jointly, tendered 
 him the nomination for alderman of the First, the ward containing the amassed 
 wealth of Chicago. Dr. J. Ward Ellis, in tendering the support of the democracy, 
 stated that his party expected Capt. Brown to accept the nomination as a repub- 
 lican. His charities and helpfulness to the poor and distressed have made him 
 as universally loved as he is universally respected. 
 
 His father and mother, stricken with years, still reside in the valley of Lake 
 Champlain, in Swanton, Vermont. He is all that remains to them, having lost 
 his only brother, Lieut. S. G. Brown, Jr., in the war. He spends every court 
 vacation with them. 
 
 Ambition for political distinction has not lured him from professional pursuits, 
 but it is intimated among his friends that filial duty may induce him to abandon 
 the law. There are circumstances aside from their earlier associations that ren- 
 der it impracticable for his parents to come west. But if Stephen F. Brown leaves 
 the West, we shall hear from him in the East. 
 
 ALLAN C. STORY. 
 
 A, LAN C. STORY, the subject of this sketch, and one of the leading lawyers 
 of the Chicago bar, was born in Allegany county, New York, August i, 
 1835. His grandfather, Rev. Cyrus Story, was of an old Massachusetts family of 
 English origin, a clergyman, and latterly a member of the old Genesee confer- 
 ence of the Methodist Episcopal church, as was also his father, Rev. Asa Story, 
 who with true heroism bore for many years the privations common to men of his 
 profession in those early days. In 1828 he married Miss Minerva Davis, of Caze- 
 novia, New York, a young lady of excellent family and religious cjiaracter. 
 There were four children born of this marriage, of whom Allan C. was the 
 youngest. During infancy he suffered the loss of a kind and gentle mother, and 
 at the tender age of twelve years was left an orphan by the death of his father, 
 who died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, to which place he had gone in the hope that a 
 milder climate might restore his then failing health. His son Allan was thus a 
 young lad thrown almost entirely upon his own resources, the expenses incident 
 to his father's sickness and death in a strange land having exhausted the small 
 savings of a frugal life, and left him only a father's good name as an inherit- 
 ance. The struggle for an education at first seemed almost desperate, but 
 with energy and some slight assistance from kind relatives he was able to attend 
 school winters, working as a farm hand during the summer months. A bright
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 133 
 
 and precocious youth, he made rapid progress, and soon was enabled, as a teacher, 
 to increase his income, and thus to acquire, in part at least, a collegiate education 
 at Genesee College and the University of Albany, though he felt constrained by 
 reason of his limited means to commence the study of law before completing a 
 full collegiate course. In 1855 he entered the law office of Rogers, Lowman 
 and King, at Elmira, New York, where he remained until 1856, when he entered 
 the office of Hon. Ira Harris, at Albany, attending lectures at the law school of 
 the university, and was admitted to the bar of New York in March 1857. He 
 practiced in Livingston county until 1859, when he visited Pine Bluff, Arkansas. 
 Thence he proceeded to New Orleans, where he landed an entire stranger. He 
 there found that owing to the peculiar code of Louisiana he must again become 
 a student before being admitted to the bar. He entered the law office of Whita- 
 ker and Fellows, where he prosecuted his studies with vigor, and was admitted to 
 the bar by the supreme court of that state in 1860, and, remaining with that firm, 
 was doing a prosperous business at the breaking out of the war. As all northern 
 men were looked upon with suspicion at this time, he gathered together a few 
 books, secured as much for his interest in the business as he could, reluctantly 
 leaving the Crescent City, which he had intended to make his home, and returned 
 to the North in April 1861. After visiting friends, he entered the office of W. 
 J. Baxter, at Jonesville, Michigan, and was admitted in the supreme court of 
 that state in November 1861. Desiring a wider field of labor, he removed to 
 Chicago in June, 1862, where he has since devoted himself untiringly to his pro- 
 fession, being admitted to the bar of Illinois in September of that year. His 
 name appears frequently in the reports of the state in connection with many 
 important leading cases, most of them pioneers in the principles established. 
 Among these Mason vs. Dousay is the leading case, holding a parol accept- 
 ance of a bill of exchange to be valid. Burton vs. Curyea holds that warehouse 
 receipts are non-negotiable. Green vs. Williams is a leading case upon the 
 measure of damages on a breach by the lessor of the covenants of a lease. 
 Commercial Insurance Company vs. Mehlman establishes the right of a corpo- 
 ration to take a change of venue like other litigants. In People ex rel. vs. 
 Chicago City Railway Company, involving important constitutional questions, 
 he was acting attorney general appointed by the circuit court to bring the 
 suit. Garrick vs. Chamberlain, one of his more recent cases, is remarkable in 
 that a tax title was allowed to prevail in a court of equity, probably for 
 the first time in any court. The principles here established were important 
 and just, and have since been followed generally. Insurance Company vs. Corn- 
 stock, in the United States Supreme Court, was a case where Mr. Story as coun- 
 selor successfully established the right of a bankrupt after adjudication to take 
 a bill of exceptions and writ of error upon the judgment adjudging him bankrupt. 
 This case is a notable one, not only as to the theory and practice of the law in 
 bankrupt cases, but also as to its practical effect. In August, 1863, Mr. Story 
 was married to Miss Cornelia Witherell, a daughter of the late Henry M. With- 
 14
 
 134 TIIE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 erell, M.D., of Waukegan, Illinois. In religion Mr. Story is an Episcopalian, and 
 in politics has always been an ardent democrat. He was secretary for Illinois 
 of the national democratic convention held in St. Louis in 1876, and has been 
 frequently and favorably mentioned in connection with a congressional nomina- 
 tion. In July, 1882, he was appointed by Mayor Harrison to the board of educa- 
 tion of Chicago, and has proved himself an active, efficient and prominent member. 
 He has a large and profitable clientage, and may be classed as an able and 
 successful lawyer. 
 
 JOSEPH W. MERRIAM. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a well read lawyer in all of the branches of the 
 profession. He was born in Coos county, New Hampshire, June 14, 1828, 
 the son of David Merriam and Joanna (Smith) Merriam. His grandfather was 
 a soldier in the revolutionary war, and was in the battle of Stony Point under 
 Gen. Wayne; and was one of three men in the town of Northumberland to vote 
 for Thomas Jefferson the first time he was a candidate for the presidency. Mr. 
 Merriam received his earlier education in the common schools, and afterward 
 pursued a classical and scientific academic course. He read law three years in 
 Lancaster, New Hampshire, with Messrs. Burns and Fletcher, both of whom were 
 very eminent men, and the most distinguished lawyers in New Hampshire at that 
 time. Mr. Merriam 's course of study was very thorough, and he imbibed deeply 
 of the principles of the common law, and was well grounded in the rudiments of 
 the profession. He went into the newspaper business in 1857, and was connected 
 editorially with the New Hampshire "Patriot," where he displayed rare talent as 
 a political writer, his paper taking rank as one of the ablest journals in New Eng- 
 land under his leadership. He was afterward connected with the Memphis, Ten- 
 nessee, " Avalanche," but severed his connection with it in 1860, not being disposed 
 to continue with it after it had declared for secession, and commenced the practice 
 of his profession at Memphis. Mr. Merriam was on a hunting expedition in 
 Mississippi, some twenty-five miles below Memphis, when Fort Sumter was fired 
 upon. He at once returned to Memphis, arriving there April 15, 1861, to find his 
 partner prepared to start north. Mr. Merriam remained until April 25, when he 
 embarked on board the last steamboat allowed by Gen. Polk to pass Columbus, and 
 says " if ever a man felt grateful for a sight of the United States flag, it was I, 
 when the old star spangled banner first met my view at Cairo," Illinois. He landed 
 beneath its ample folds as it floated out over the Father of Waters, and cheered 
 heartily for the Union. He then went to Grinnell, Iowa, and practiced law in 
 that place one year with reasonable success. He removed to Chicago in 1862, 
 and formed a partnership with Solomon M. Wilson, a well known Chicago lawyer, 
 under the firm name of Wilson and Merriam; afterward associated himself with 
 Mr. Alexander, under the firm name of Merriam and Alexander, a partnership 
 which continued about fourteen years.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 135 
 
 Mr. Merriam was in business by himself from 1877 to 1880, when the present 
 firm of Merriam and Whipple was formed. This firm has a very respectable 
 business, largely in chancery matters, and business connected with patent litiga- 
 tion. They also, to a considerable extent, engage in a general law business. As 
 a lawyer, Mr. Merriam justly sustains the reputation of being a very thorough 
 practitioner, discriminating and accurate, having a well balanced judgment, 
 which, combined with that sterling integrity that characterizes the natives of the 
 granite hills, has won for him the respect of all who know him, both as a lawyer 
 and a citizen. 
 
 HON. E. A. OTIS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born August 2, 1835, at Marengo, in'Calhoun 
 county, Michigan. His father, Hon. Isaac Otis, was one of the old settlers 
 of Michigan, and at one time judge of the probate court of Barry county. His 
 mother's maiden name was Caroline Curtis. She was a daughter of Hon. Gideon 
 Curtis, of Courtland county, New York. Both his parents were Quakers, and 
 natives of New York state, and of English descent. 
 
 Mr. Otis lived on a farm until nineteen years of age, attending school at 
 Albion, Michigan, and afterward at the Michigan University. In the fall of 1856, 
 he began the study of the law with Hon. Joseph Miller, at Kalamazoo, Michigan. 
 After completing his legal course of study, he was admitted to the bar, and 
 entered into the practice of the law at St. Paul, Minnesota, in company with his 
 brother, Hon. George L. Otis, one of the leading lawyers of that state, and was 
 in successful business there from that time until the opening of the civil war. He 
 assisted in the organization of the 2d Minn. Inf., and was commissioned a 
 lieutenant in that regiment, which, in October, 1861, was ordered to join the 
 Army of the Cumberland. He was immediately detailed on the staff of Gen. R. 
 W. Johnson, with whose command he served until after the battle of Shiloh, in 
 which he participated. In the spring of 1862, at the request of Brig. Gen. Van 
 Cleave, the old colonel of the 2d Minn., Mr. Otis was assigned to duty on his 
 staff as assistant adjutant-general, in which capacity he served until the close of 
 the war, through all of the campaigns of the Army of the Cumberland. He was 
 in the battles of Shiloh, Murfreesborough, Perryville and Chickamauga, in all of 
 which his command was very heavily engaged. He left the army after the battle 
 of Nashville, in December 1864, being satisfied that the war was over. He was 
 then serving temporarily on the staff of Maj. Gen. Rosseau, of Kentucky. 
 
 Believing that the southern country would be opened to northern emigration, 
 he opened a law office in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1865, when he took an active 
 part in the reconstruction of that state, and was a warm personal friend of the 
 late ex-Gov. Brownlow. He was commissioned chancellor in the Nashville chan- 
 cery district of Tennessee in 1868, being the youngest man, who, up to that time, 
 had ever held that office in that state. He filled this position with great ability,
 
 1^6 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 giving universal satisfaction to all having business connection with that high 
 court, where he presided about one year. Judge Otis arrived in Chicago, June 10, 
 1869. On the 22d of the same month, when the court convened, over which he 
 had presided, a meeting of his old associates at the bar in Nashville was held, at 
 which the following resolutions were reported by a committee, composed of Col. 
 William B. Reese, Hon. William F. Cooper, Gov. Neil S. Brown, Hon. Francis B. 
 Fogg and H. H. Harrison. 
 
 " Chancellor E. A. Otis, having found it to be to his interest to remove from Tennessee to the 
 city of Chicago, to engage in the practice of the law at that place, and having left the bench at the 
 close of the term for which he had been appointed chancellor of this division, the members of the 
 Nashville bar, desiring to attest their appreciation of his labors and merits, have met and 
 
 "Resolved: That we regret that circumstances have called Judge Otis from our midst, and that 
 our best wishes for his success and prosperity in his new field of labor attend him. 
 
 "Resolved: That the industry and ability he manifested in the examination of questions 
 brought before him while presiding as chancellor, and his gentlemanly bearing and courtesy to the 
 members of the bar, in the discharge of his official duties, entitle him to our high consideration and 
 esteem. 
 
 "Resolved: That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to Judge Otis, and inserted in the 
 Nashville papers, and that the chancellor be moved to enter them on the records of the chancery 
 court." 
 
 Judge Otis was a prominent republican, and assisted in the organization of 
 the republican party in Tennessee, and was one of the few northern men who had 
 been prominent republicans in the South, and who came away, retaining the 
 friendship of the ex-rebels. Among other able and leading men in this country, 
 during his service in the army, and during his residence at Nashville, he made 
 the acquaintance of Gen. George H. Thomas, and sustained warm personal rela- 
 tions with him up to the day of his death. He was. employed by him in several 
 suits in which officers who had served under Gen. Thomas during the war had 
 been sued in connection with the reconstruction policy. Among others, was one 
 brought against Hon. William B. Woods, now associate justice of the United 
 States Supreme Court, in which he was entirely successful. 
 
 He was also employed by Gov. Brownlow to defend the constitutionality of 
 the Tennessee franchise law, whereby confederate soldiers were excluded from 
 voting. He made a very able and elaborate argument on that question before 
 the supreme court of Tennessee, and afterward in the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, and was successful in every case where a decision was rendered. 
 Since coming to Chicago, Judge Otis has been in the general practice of the law, 
 having numerous chancery cases, and a large amount of business for national 
 banks in Chicago, and in the East. In all of his business he has been very suc- 
 cessful. 
 
 He is a very thorough lawyer in all branches, possessing an analytic mind 
 with great power of condensation. He is quick of apprehension, has large rea- 
 soning faculties, a retentive memory, a copious flow of language and is fertile in 
 original ideas, and eminently skillful in arguing questions of law before a court.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 137 
 
 He is a gentleman of fine presence, being of medium height and size, of light 
 complexion, with a high, broad forehead and dark, large eyes. He is urbane in 
 his manners, social in his intercourse with mankind, and sustains a reputation for 
 honor, integrity and truthfulness second to no man. He has a keen sense of jus- 
 tice, which he upholds with an untiring energy. 
 
 He has been prominently connected with the Historical Society of Chicago, 
 and the Chicago Literary Club, and is one of the founders of the society of the 
 Army of the Cumberland, and also a member of the military order of the Loyal 
 Legion and the Grand Army, and other ex-soldier societies. Judge Otis belongs 
 to a family of lawyers, and is one of five brothers, all prominent and successful 
 in the profession. 
 
 WALLACE SMITH. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is descended of Scotch-Irish parentage. He was 
 born at Troy, New York, May 28, 1850, and, consequently, is in his thirty- 
 third year. He was named after Sir William Wallace, the hero of his father's 
 native country, but for many years, except on occasions such as being admitted 
 to the bar, and the present one, he has abbreviated his name to read Wallace 
 Smith, instead of William Wallace, having been so called from his boyhood up. 
 His father, George Smith, was born in Paisley, Scotland, and his mother, whose 
 maiden name was Jane Maloy, was born in the County of Cavan, Ireland. After 
 bringing Ireland to submission in the seventeenth century, Cromwell peopled 
 this part of it from Scotland, therefore Mrs. Smith's ancestors must also have 
 been Scotch. 
 
 Mr. Smith's parents were married in the city of New York in 1845, and after- 
 ward moved to Troy, where they resided for some years, and thence removed to 
 Watkins, New York, where his widowed mother still resides. His parents 
 belonged to different religious denominations, his father belonging to the estab- 
 lished church of his native country, and his mother to the established church of 
 England, but no religious restraint being placed on their children, they were 
 permitted to attend the churches of either denomination or both. Mr. Smith's 
 father having been a merchant, it was his intention to have his son follow that 
 walk of life, and therefore his education was mainly directed to that end. After 
 having attended the common schools, which New York state so amply affords, up 
 through the high school, he was sent to the Watkins Academy for several years, 
 where he graduated. Then he was sent to Eastman's Business College at Pough- 
 keepsie, New York, and after graduating in that institution, his father furnished 
 the capital to carry on the boot and shoe business, which proving distasteful to 
 his son was soon abandoned for a more congenial pursuit. Mr. Smith now 
 decided to study law. After studying the law in his native state for a time, he 
 came west and settled in Cincinnati, where he continued its study for over two 
 years, at the expiration of which time he was admitted by the supreme court at
 
 138 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Columbus to the Ohio bar, his certificate bearing date January 19, 1875. After 
 being so admitted, Mr. Smith continued to reside in Cincinnati, and practice law 
 there till the spring of 1879, when he removed to Chicago. On June 12, 1879, he was 
 admitted by the supreme court of Illinois at Mount Vernon, to practice in the 
 courts of record of this state, since which time he has continued to live in Chi- 
 cago, and practice law. 
 
 H. S. AND F. S. OSBORNE. 
 
 THE senior member of this firm, Henry Sayre Osborne, was born November 
 24, 1840, in New York city. The junior member, Frank Sayre, is a native 
 of the same place, and was born July 24, 1844. Their father was Milo Osborne, a 
 steel engraver of that city, who married Miss Phoebe A. Sayre, a descendant of 
 one of the oldest and most honored families of New Jersey. In 1852 the family 
 removed to Rock county, Wisconsin. While there both boys entered Beloit Col- 
 lege, Henry graduating in 1862, and Frank in 1866. Immediately after graduat- 
 ing, Henry enlisted in the 8th Illinois Cavalry, and at the same time became the 
 western war correspondent of the Chicago "Tribune." He served through the 
 four years principally in the East, and at the close of the war, was detailed to 
 Texas to guard the frontier, and was mustered out of the service in February 
 1866. He at once returned to the North, and, settling at Chicago, commenced 
 the study of law, and in 1869 was admitted to the bar of Illinois. 
 
 Frank Sayre Osborne, after graduating at Beloit, in 1866, accepted a position 
 as teacher in a public school in Long Island, a position which he retained three 
 years, improving his spare time by studying law. In 1870 he was admitted to the 
 bar of New York, and at once proceeded to Chicago, where, in the same year, in 
 connection with his brother, he formed the present firm of H. S. and F. S. Osborne. 
 In politics both are republican, although neither take an active part, but always 
 vote at the polls and the primary elections. Frank S. was married October 20, 
 1874, to a daughter of Hon. J. Lawrence Smith, and since that time has resided in 
 Hyde Park, his brother living with him. In religion Henry is a Presbyterian, 
 and takes a very active part in all that pertains to church matters. Frank is an 
 active and leading member of the Hyde Park Episcopal Church. As lawyers the 
 Messrs. Osborne rank among the leaders of the younger members of the Chicago 
 bar, and are both esteemed by the profession for their legal attainments and 
 genuine upright manliness. 
 
 BENJAMIN M. MUNN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in West Fairlee, Orange county, Vermont, 
 in the year 1828, on a farm, where he worked during his youth and early 
 manhood, until he resolved upon obtaining a liberal education. He had attended 
 the schools of his native town during the periods between the seasons of labor.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 139 
 
 He was dependent upon his own resources, which consisted mainly of health, 
 strength, determination, decision, willing heart and hand, a robust body and a 
 well balanced mind. His education was obtained in the schools of Vermont, and 
 in Williams College, Massachusetts. He commenced the study of law, the pro- 
 fession he had chosen, in Massachusetts, and completed his studies in Indiana, 
 under Hon. William S. Holman; was admitted to the bar in 1852, after which 
 he was principal of the Rising Sun, Indiana, Female Seminary, one year, when he 
 moved to Charleston, Illinois, and taught the academy there one year, when he 
 engaged in the practice of law in that place, and continued until 1861. During 
 this time he practiced in the same courts with Abraham Lincoln, Leonard Swett, 
 and other noted men who traveled that circuit, and practiced before Hon. David 
 Davis and others. In 1861 he entered the Union service as private, and was 
 immediately elected captain of a company in the yth 111. Inf., and served his 
 country well. He now holds the oldest captain's commission in the volunteer 
 service in this state. He settled in Chicago in 1869, and was made deputy col- 
 lector of internal revenue in 1872 and 1873, a d assistant counsel to the corpora- 
 tion of Chicago, under the late Hon. Jesse O. Norton, and was acting counsel for 
 several months. In all of these different capacities in which he has acted for the 
 public or individual client, he has devoted himself to the conscientious discharge 
 of his duty, and has always been faithful and honorable, and has the respect of 
 the profession. For several years past he has made a specialty of internal revenue 
 practice, in connection with his partner, Theodore E. Davis, of Washington, D.C., 
 and has collected large sums of money upon refund claims of distillers of spirits, 
 paid upon erroneous assessments under internal revenue laws. He is now in 
 active and successful practice here, and takes an active part in politics, invariably 
 in support of the principles of the republican party. 
 
 HON. LEANDER D. CONDEE. 
 
 EiANDER DEVINE CONDEE is a native of Athens county, Ohio, his birth 
 being dated September 26, 1847. His parents are Henry M. and Jane 
 (Rickey) Condee. His paternal grandfather, Ami Condee, was a soldier in the 
 war of 1812, and his maternal grandfather was a member of the first board of 
 trustees of Athens county. Leander farmed with his father until seventeen years 
 of age; received an academic education at Kankakee, Illinois, the family moving 
 to this state in 1854; read law at the same place, and is a graduate of the law 
 department of the University of Michigan, class of 1868. 
 
 Mr. Condee opened an office at Butler, Bates county, Missouri, and while 
 there held the office of city attorney for three years. Early in the autumn of 
 1873 he removed to Chicago, and has been in practice there since that date. He 
 was alone for four years, at the end of which time he became a member of the 
 firm of Condee and Bliss, his partner being E. R. Bliss, present county attorney 
 of Cook county.
 
 140 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The residence of Mr. Condee is at Hyde Park village, of which he has been 
 attorney since the spring of 1879. In November, 1880, he was elected state sena- 
 tor for the second district, South Chicago, and still holds that office. He is a 
 strong republican, very active during a political canvass. 
 
 In the senate he is chairman of the committee on corporations, a committee 
 having great interests in Chicago to guard, and is also a member of the commit- 
 tees on judiciary, railroads, judicial department, municipalities, warehouses, 
 canals and rivers, and military affairs. 
 
 Mr. Condee is a Knight Templar in the masonic order, and has passed all the 
 chairs in Odd-Fellowship. He was married in March, 1871, to Miss Margaretta 
 Stovie, of Butler, Missouri, who died in March, 1881, leaving three children; was 
 again married August 24, 1882, to Mrs. M. J. Waterbury. 
 
 RICHARD S. TUTHILL. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was the son of David B. Tuthill, and his wife, Sally 
 Strong, daughter of Luke Strong, a prominent lawyer of Vergennes, Addi- 
 son county, Vermont. Their ancestors on both sides are among the best New 
 England families, and can be traced in its annals for many generations. The 
 elder Tuthill was educated for an Episcopal clergyman, but on account of deli- 
 cate health would not enter the ministry, and in 1819, with his wife, joined a com- 
 pany of pioneers, who settled on and gave name to Tuthill's Prairie, in Jackson 
 county, in southern Illinois. The town of Vergennes was founded by them, and 
 named by Mrs. Tuthill after her own native place, one of the oldest cities of Ver- 
 mont. Mr. Tuthill became postmaster of Vergennes, and held the office for many 
 years, under all administrations, without regard to their political complexion, 
 though he himself was a whig and afterward a republican. 
 
 His hospitable mansion was the resort of all the noted men of the state and 
 nation who chanced in that part of the state, such as President Lincoln, Judge 
 Breese, Bishop Chase, John A. Logan, D. L. Philips, and many others. 
 
 Richard Stanley Tuthill was born in Vergennes, Illinois, November 10, 1841. 
 He was the youngest of a family of nine children. His education began in a 
 private school established by his father, and was continued in the St. Louis high 
 school, in Jacksonville College, and finally completed at Middlebury College, 
 Vermont, where he graduated with high honors in August 1863. 
 
 Immediately after graduating he joined the army before Vicksburg, with the 
 intention of entering the ranks, but the promise of a commission delayed his 
 doing so, and after a time he joined a company of volunteer scouts, and served 
 with them on the campaign through Mississippi to Meridian. After spending 
 some months in this most dangerous and exciting arm of the service he returned 
 to Vicksburg to find a commission awaiting him. Gov. Blair, of Michigan, had 
 sent him a commission as 2d lieutenant of Battery H, ist Michigan Light Artillery,
 
 J .
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 attached to Gen. Logan's old division of the i7th army corps, Army of the Ten- 
 nessee. He remained attached to this battery till the close of the war, taking 
 active part in the campaign, which ended in the fall of Atlanta, and in the bat- 
 tles of Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Altoona, and in the numerous severe engage- 
 ments in front of Atlanta, and afterward in Gen. Geo. H. Thomas' campaign 
 against the rebel Gen. Hood, in Tennessee, and in the final and victorious battle 
 of Nashville. After the fall of Richmond, believing the war ended, and anxious 
 to enter upon his profession, he resigned his commission on May 29, 1865, and 
 returned to Nashville. He had with commendable energy and foresight spent 
 his leisure hours in camp in the study of the law, and now he resumed his studies 
 in the office of Hon. H. H. Harrison, at Nashville, Tennessee. In the latter part 
 of 1866 he was admitted to the bar, and entered at once upon the practice of his 
 profession in the courts of Tennessee. 
 
 In 1867 he was elected attorney general of the Nashville circuit, and served 
 until 1870, when a change in southern politics threw all republicans out of office. 
 In 1872 he ran for presidential elector on the republican ticket, and made a vig- 
 orous campaign, stumping the district which was largely democratic, and only 
 lacked a few votes of an election. In 1868 Mr. Tuthill married Miss Jennie Smith, 
 a native of Vergennes, Vermont, by whom he had one child, a daughter, now liv- 
 ing. Mrs. Tuthill's death occurred December 22, 1872, at Nashville, Tennessee, 
 which, together with the breaking up of the republican party in Tennessee, and 
 the general weakening of the ties which bound him to the South, sent him to 
 Chicago in the early part of 1873. Here he found a more congenial and a wider 
 field for his talents. He entered at once with determination upon the practice of 
 his profession, to which he has devoted himself with unwearied diligence and 
 marked success. In 1875 Mr. Tuthill was nominated by the republican party as 
 its candidate for city attorney, and was elected with what was known as the 
 reform council, by a majority of over 5,000. In 1877 he was again nominated and 
 elected to the same office by a largely increased majority. 
 
 His service in the city law department was marked with unusual success. 
 He soon became thoroughly familiar with the law of municipal corporations, and 
 established a high reputation as a corporation lawyer, as is well shown by the 
 fact that he has since been employed by the city to conduct in its behalf the 
 highly important suits yet undecided in the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 involving the right of the city to impose a license fee of $50 a car upon the street 
 railway companies in Chicago, the amount involved not less than $50,000 per 
 annum, and the principles of law involved making the cases of the utmost 
 importance. At the close of his term of service as law officer of the city Mr. Tut- 
 hill entered a law partnership with Col. David Quigg, an attorney of large expe- 
 rience and very high personal and professional character, which business associa- 
 tion continues at the present time. 
 
 While not a politician in the professional sense, Mr. Tuthill takes a deep 
 interest in all public concerns. He is still an earnest republican and active in all 
 15
 
 144 THE BEN CH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 party matters. He was a member of the state convention at Springfield in r88o 
 was one of the delegates to the national convention held in Chicago, and one of 
 the phalanx of 306, who voted for the nomination of Gen. Grant. Mr. Tuthill is 
 in the prime of life, full of vigor and of unbounded energy; he is master of his 
 profession, full of ambition, enthusiasm, and personal magnetism, and is richly 
 endowed with those qualities which manifest themselves only through the medium 
 of an ardent and exalted friendship. He never betrayed a trust, never neglected 
 a duty, never deserted a friend. Honorable in all things, he is a sincere hater of 
 shams in business, politics or religion, and in the practice of his profession scorns 
 to resort to subterfuges, or to secure victory by questionable means. He is a 
 member of several military societies, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Vete- 
 ran Club, and military order of the Loyal Legion. 
 
 January 2, 1877, he married for the second time. His wife was Miss Hattie 
 McKey. the daughter of Edward McKey, a noted dry goods merchant of Janes- 
 ville, Wisconsin, by whom he has had two children. 
 
 JAMES EDWARDS FAY. 
 
 JAMES EDWARDS FAY, of the widely known law firm of Bonney, Fay and 
 Griggs, was born in Westborough, Worcester county, Massachusetts, June 20, 
 1830. His father, James Fay, was engaged in farming there. His mother's maiden 
 name was Jane Bates; she was of Cohasset, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, and a 
 sister of Joshua Bates, D.D., formerly president of Middlebury (Vermont) College. 
 James' early education was obtained in the public schools of his native .county. 
 After passing two years in a store he went to Thetford Academy, Vermont, where 
 he fitted for college, and entered the sophomore class in Williams College; gradu- 
 ated from that institution with high rank in scholarship in the class of 1856. 
 Among his classmates were the late President Garfield and others distinguished 
 in the different avocations of life. He is one of two classmates of Garfield now 
 living in Chicago. After graduating, he was for one year principal of the Dickin- 
 son Academy at Southwick, Massachusetts. In 1857 he moved to Minnesota and 
 began the study of law with Hon. William Windom, late Secretary of the United 
 States Treasury, and now United States senator from that state. In 1858 he re- 
 turned to Massachusetts and completed his preparations for the practice of law 
 under the late Chief Justice R. A. Chapman, of Massachusetts, and at the Dane 
 Law School of Harvard College; was admitted to the bar in 1859, and during the 
 following year removed to Chicago and entered upon the practice of his profes- 
 sion. In 1869 he formed the present partnership, which has remained substantially 
 the same to the present time, ranking among the ablest and most successful law 
 firms practicing at Chicago bar. While Mr. Fay is a general practitioner, he has 
 given special attention to real estate law and its practice in all branches, and in 
 this respect ranks high with the courts and the profession. He has, by his indus-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 145 
 
 try, integrity and unblemished character, won an honorable reputation and a fair 
 competency. He has never sought or held political office, but is a decided repub- 
 lican and takes part in politics only to the extent of discharging his duties as a 
 citizen who has the general welfare at heart. He devotes his time not occupied in 
 his profession to the cause of education and religion, being a prominent member 
 of the Eighth Presbyterian church, of which he has been elder and held other 
 offices for several years. In 1862 he was married to Julia A. Bush, of Southwick, 
 Massachusetts, and has four children. His life is exemplary in all respects, and 
 he has the esteem of his friends and the confidence of those who have business 
 relations with him. 
 
 CALVIN DEWOLF. 
 
 A HONG the early settlers of Chicago, who have persevered in the face of stern 
 adversity, and won for themselves a name long to be remembered, none 
 deserve more honorable mention than he whose name heads this article. Calvin 
 DeWolf, one of thirteen children, was born February 18, 1815, at Braintrim, 
 Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, and is the oldest son now living. His father, 
 Giles M. DeWolf, was born at Pomfret, New London county, Connecticut, 
 November 7, 1782; and his mother, Anna Spaulding, of Cavendish, Winsdor 
 county, Vermont, was born April 22, 1786. Soon after his birth his parents 
 moved to Cavendish, Vermont, his mother's native town, where he received his 
 first schooling and religious instructions. In 1820, when he was five years old, 
 his parents returned to Braintrim, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania; and in 1824 
 his father purchased a farm at Pike, in the beech forests of Bradford county, 
 Pennsylvania. Here young DeWolf assisted in clearing and cultivating his 
 father's farm, attending the district school during the winters, until he reached 
 his twenty-first birthday. 
 
 Being of an ambitious and aspiring disposition, the advantages offered by the 
 district school did not satisfy him; and there being in the neighborhood a gen- 
 tleman of liberal education, young DeWolf procured a Latin grammar and dic- 
 tionary and a copy of Virgil, and so economized his time that, with the help of 
 his instructor, Mr. Woodruff, he gained a fair knowledge of the Latin language, 
 and read six books of the JEne'id. He also studied arithmetic, algebra and sur- 
 veying under his father, who was a fine mathematician. When nineteen years of 
 age he taught school in his own town at a salary of ten dollars per month, and 
 when he was twenty he took a school in the adjoining town of Orwell, at twenty- 
 five dollars per month. He left home in 1836, and entered the Grand River Insti- 
 tute, a manual labor school of Ashtabula county, Ohio, where he remained till the 
 fall of 1837, when he removed to Chicago, then containing about 4,000 inhabi- 
 tants, arriving October 31, with but a few dollars in his pocket, and poorly 
 clad. Here he passed the requisite examination and applied for a school; but 
 being unsuccessful, he started on foot across the prairies toward St. Charles, to
 
 146 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Elgin and the different settlements along Fox river, and finally obtained a situa- 
 tion as teacher in Hadley, Will county, Illinois. 
 
 In the spring of 1838 he returned to Chicago and engaged in teaching, till the 
 autumn of that year, receiving as pay only certificates, when he was forced to seek 
 other employment, and took a situation as collector in the meat market of Funk 
 and Doyle, which he held until the summer of 1839, when he began the study of 
 the law with Spring and Goodrich. He again engaged in teaching in 1841, and 
 continued for two years, till May 1843, when he was examined by Hon. Richard M. 
 Young, judge of the supreme court, assisted by Hon. J. Y. Scammon and Buckner 
 S. Morris, and being found qualified was duly licensed to practice law in all the 
 courts of Illinois. 
 
 Mr. DeWolf then entered upon the general practice of his profession, with 
 good success, doing a large business, until 1854, when he was elected justice of 
 the peace, an office which he held six successive terms, four by popular election, 
 and two by appointment, in all over twenty-five years. During that time he 
 heard and disposed of over 90,000 cases, a greater number than any other judicial 
 officer in Illinois. Many of the ablest members of the Illinois bar who practiced 
 before him, can bear testimony to his well balanced judgment, candor and hon- 
 esty, with an ability to hold the scales of justice with an even hand. He held the 
 office of alderman four years, from 1856 to 1858, and from 1866 to 1868. During 
 the first period the ordinances of the city were revised, and Mr. DeWolf was 
 chairman of the committee of revision and publication, and many of the most use- 
 ful provisions of the present ordinances were originally framed by him or under 
 his direction. From his boyhood he has possessed positive qualities and strong 
 convictions. In the early days of the anti-slavery crusade, when political parties 
 denounced abolitionists, when most of the churches, though opposed to slavery in 
 the abstract, were opposed to disturbing the peace and harmony of our southern 
 brethren, Mr. DeWolf was one of the most active and persistent advocates of the 
 anti-slavery cause. He was secretary of the first abolition society formed in 
 Chicago in 1839, Rev. Flavel Bascom being president and Hon. George Manierre 
 treasurer. In 1842, at a meeting of the Illinois state anti-slavery society, an 
 organization was effected to raise funds for establishing an anti-slavery news- 
 paper in Chicago, with Mr. DeWolf as treasurer, and the " Western Citizen " was 
 established with Mr. Z. Eastman editor and publisher. 
 
 In September 1858, an indictment was found against Mr. DeWolf by the grand 
 jury of the northern district of Illinois, for the alleged crime of " aiding a negro 
 slave called Eliza, to escape from her master," one Stephen F. Nuckolls, of the 
 territory of Nebraska. Mr. DeWolf, together with George Anderson, A. D. Hay- 
 ward and C. L. Jenks, who were indicted at the same time, were arrested and 
 gave bail in the sum of $2.500. 
 
 Under advice of counsel a motion was made to quash the indictments, because 
 slavery did not exist by authority of law in Nebraska, and consequently a slave 
 could neither be held in, nor escape from, that territory. Judge Drummond never
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 147 
 
 decided the point, and under the advice of Hon. E. C. Larned, United States 
 district attorney, dismissed the case December 3, 1861. 
 
 Since 1879 Mr. DeWolf has practiced law with his son, Wallace L. DeWolf, a 
 promising young lawyer. Mr. DeWolf is well posted in his profession, is dis- 
 criminating in his practice, and has a clientage of many of the wealthiest business 
 men and property owners of Chicago. He is a well preserved man of his age, is 
 active, and walks with the elasticity of youth; he is also cheerful, courteous and 
 kind, and enjoys the society of a large circle of friends, who respect and honor 
 him for his manly and upright qualities. 
 
 LUTHER MARTIN SHREVE. 
 
 ETHER M. SHREVE was born September n, 1819, near Nicholasville, in 
 the county of Jessamine, state of Kentucky, and was the youngest child of 
 William and Ann Shreve, each of whom, at the time of their marriage, had a 
 family of sons and daughters by former marriage. William Shreve, for many years 
 judge of the county court of Jess'amine, was born in Maryland, and while but a 
 boy at a country school in his native state joined a passing company of volunteer 
 infantry, and served the full term for which he enlisted in the revolutionary war, 
 and was awarded a pension in after life. He emigrated to Kentucky in early 
 manhood, where he acquired an ample fortune, and lived and died respected and 
 beloved by all who knew him. A lofty shaft of Italian marble reared over his 
 remains can be seen by every passenger upon the Kentucky Central, and though 
 the beautiful farm has passed into other hands, the family burying ground with 
 its broad approach is preserved in perpetuity, where repose his widow and many 
 of the family. His eldest sons, L. L. Shreve and I. T. Shreve. of Louisville, 
 engaged in the iron manufacture, and through his direction and financial indorse- 
 ment, in every crisis which attended the business and closed every manufactory 
 which could not withstand the fluctuations that changes in the tariff system pro- 
 duced, they were enabled to amass large fortunes, and L. L. Shreve is remem- 
 bered by the people of Louisville to-day as one of the largest minded, public 
 spirited men of that city. But three of the sons and daughters of William Shreve 
 survive: Ann, the widow of L. Y. Martin, and mother of a numerous family of 
 enterprising men and several married daughters; John M. Shreve, a resident of 
 Louisville, and known as a man of large intelligence and great purity of life, and 
 Luther M., the subject of this memoir, and the only member of the numerous 
 family who embarked in the profession of the law. 
 
 Having graduated in the St. Mary's Collegiate Institute of Kentucky, the 
 youngest graduate of the school, at seventeen years of age, he entered Cambridge, 
 and was received by the president of the institute, Hon. Josiah Quincy, as a 
 university student, being considered then too young to enter the law department. 
 After remaining one year in this department, during which time he had the ben-
 
 148 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 
 
 efit of the lectures of all the distinguished men who were then connected with 
 that institution, under the direction of Hon. Joseph Story and Simon Greenleaf, 
 he here pursued the study of the law, and in two years after received his diploma 
 from that law school. The death of his father during this period left him, on 
 his return to Kentucky, without the guidance and protection enjoyed by the 
 older members of the family, but with ample means to commence the struggle of 
 life. 
 
 The successful effort of the denizens of that portion of Mexico now known as 
 the state of Texas to form an independent government was now in progress, and 
 fired with the movement, after a few days passed with his aged mother he deter- 
 mined to join the army of Texans and hastened to the scene, but being delayed 
 by want of conveyance for several weeks, reached the shores of the "lone star" 
 too late to be a participant in that revolution in which his brother John was 
 engaged from its commencement to its memorable close at San Jacinto. 
 
 He sojourned about two years in Texas, during which time sickness induced 
 his return to Kentucky, where he soon afterward met the daughter of King 
 Strong, of New York, who was visiting his brother, Dr. Henry L. Strong, and 
 married her, and immediately settled in St. Louis and commenced the practice 
 of his profession. He was soon after elected city attorney, and after serving 
 a second term formed a law partnership with Hon. Uriel Wright, perhaps the 
 most accomplished lawyer and eloquent advocate at the bar. This partnership 
 continued until the war of the rebellion, when Mr. Wright joined the army of the 
 South, and urged Mr. Shreve to go with him, but he refused. And though in full 
 sympathy with the South and the justice of the cause, he declined to participate 
 in the rebellion, and in a speech made from the court-house steps to an immense 
 audience proclaimed the position he occupied in that eventful hour. On this 
 occasion he declared his conviction that his people had just cause for complaint, 
 just even to resistance, but whatever the grievance it should be righted in the 
 Union, and that he would never join any military organization that did not wave 
 the national emblem, the stars and stripes; that the rebellion must be fought in 
 the Union, not out of it; that secession was death to the cause for which they 
 contended; and firm in these convictions he took no active part in that unfor- 
 tunate struggle. As a result of the war, prescriptive laws were passed in Missouri, 
 and among these the notorious iron-clad oath which debarred every lawyer from 
 practice who did not take and subscribe to it. This Mr. Shreve refused to take, 
 and for some years was denied the privilege of pursuing his profession. 
 
 The death of his wife during the last year of the rebellion was a terrible blow, 
 and for several years he devoted more attention to an unsuccessful culture of 
 cotton than to the practice of the law, and in 1867 made a trip to Europe, where 
 he renewed acquaintance with and married his present wife, Julia P. Aldershaw, 
 the accomplished daughter of Hon. Aldershaw, master in chancery, of London, 
 by whom he has tw.o children living: Luther and Violet. 
 
 While Mr. Shreve positively refused to enlist beneath the folds of the bonnie
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 149 
 
 blue flag, with equal firmness declined to join the army of the Union, impressed 
 with the conviction that he could not conscientiously take up arms against those 
 among whom he was born and reared, nor fight their battles under a foreign flag 
 floating upon the iconoclastic principles of secession. Despite this resolution 
 firmly adhered to through the rebellion, he was court-martialed, tried and con- 
 victed for treason, the specific charges being outspoken expression and aiding the 
 enemy in the purchase of quinine sent to the South for the benefit of southern sol- 
 diers shaking with the ague. The only proof submitted before the august drum- 
 head, composed of the son of Gen. Curtis as judge advocate, and two soldiers of 
 German origin, one of them known to him as the carriage driver of Hon. Luther 
 M. Kennett, mayor of the city of St. Louis, and the other convicted of having 
 robbed a stranger in his saloon, was that a small amount of money had been sent 
 to Mr. Shreve to pay an order for some quinine, made upon the druggist who 
 furnished it unknown to him. The conviction was promptly set aside by Gen. 
 Rosecrans as soon as the facts were made known to him. Confiscation of private 
 property was the order of the day, and even the furniture in the dwellings of 
 those who refused to participate in the war, or became obnoxious to the ruling 
 provost, was dragged from their houses and sold. Such an order was resisted by 
 him, and when late in the evening attempted to be enforced by an orderly and a 
 few subalterns, he stood upon the threshold of his own house armed for the occa 
 sion, and defied them with suggestive expression if they attempted to enter the 
 house, which was at once reported to headquarters. The order was suspended 
 until next day and never carried out; he being afterward placed under bonds of 
 $40,000, and enjoined not to leave the state, which he had no purpose of doing. 
 
 Amusing incidents sometimes occurred showing the fury of the times. On 
 one occasion, having been paroled from imprisonment in the military prison 
 upon honor to his own house, where his wife was lying on the bed of sickness 
 and death, a lady friend visited Mrs. Shreve, and at nine o'clock was compelled 
 to return home. As it was raining, Mr. Shreve, with an umbrella, escorted her to 
 the cars two squares distant. During the walk he was observed by one of the 
 spies officiating, the fact made known to the provost, and it was thirty days 
 before he saw his wife again. Soon after the battle of Pea Ridge, knowing the 
 commotion it would create in St. Louis, Mr. Shreve suggested to some friends 
 that it would be a good time to go fishing. John J. Anderson, a well known 
 banker of the city, and John Y. Page, a brother lawyer, neither of whom had 
 taken any part in the drama enacting, and Hon. Asa Jones, then United States 
 district attorney for that district, a noble son of Vermont, and as ardent a lover 
 of the Union as any one, were his companions. Having procured two buggies, 
 they proceeded to Mud river, intending to remain all night at the house at which 
 they stopped on the bank of the river, and socially enjoying the evening retired 
 to bed, but before twelve o'clock were aroused by the clatter of horses' feet and 
 soldiers' gear, followed by the bursting of the door of the large room, and made 
 prisoners by sixty stalwarts in the uniform of the United States. The captain
 
 150 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 was much inclined to release Mr. Shreve, as he had done him some service on an 
 occasion in the criminal court, but Jones they knew to be an arrant rebel, his 
 lofty mien and jet black full beard and piercing black eyes fully establishing his 
 rebel proclivities. As a consequence, they were all marched across the hills of 
 the Merrimac fourteen miles distant to the fortress in the darkness of night, 
 riding double upon the bare back buggy horses. The incident was subject of 
 amusement to the newspapers, but never much enjoyed by the district attorney. 
 
 Soon after his return from Europe Mr. Shreve removed to Chicago, where he 
 is now engaged in the practice of his profession. Since his residence here he has 
 taken no part in politics. He is a democrat in feeling, believing the principles of 
 the democratic party insure the largest liberty to the citizen, and are the surest 
 safeguard to the perpetuity of republican institutions. 
 
 Although not a professor of religion, he declares that advancing .years but 
 more firmly convince him of the great moral truths of the Bible perhaps better 
 illustrated in the teachings of the Christian denomination than any other, but 
 dependent upon no profession to determine the hereafter. 
 
 ROBERT RAE. 
 
 ROBERT RAE is an accomplished gentleman of versatile genius, with a broad, 
 comprehensive mind; he is learned in the law, possesses fine literary talents, 
 and holds a high rank at the Chicago bar. 
 
 He is a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and is one of those refined, pol- 
 ished gentlemen, for the production of which that city has become famous. He 
 was born October 3, 1830, and prepared for college at David Stroud's Academy, 
 at Westchester, Pennsylvania, commencing the study of Latin at eight, and Greek 
 at eleven years of age, and entered Lafayette College in 1844. At eighteen, he 
 was an excellent Greek and Latin scholar. He read law with John Cadwalader, 
 of Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar in 1851, and practiced in that city 
 two years, when he removed to Erie, Pennsylvania, and edited the Erie " Chroni- 
 cle" in the interest of the Sunbury and Erie railroad. On the breaking out of 
 the Mexican war he volunteered, and was appointed lieutenant in a Washington 
 regiment and remained in the service until the close of that contest. 
 
 In 1855 he removed to Chicago, where he resumed his profession and became 
 identified with insurance and admiralty practice. He argued the case of Walker 
 against the Western Transportation Company successfully. This was a leading 
 case, involving the right of congress to limit the liability of ship owners, and is 
 reported 5th Wallace. In the case of Aldrich vs. Etna Insurance Company, 
 reported by Wallace, the decision, based on his argument, established the doc- 
 trine of the exclusive right of congress to legislate over the paper titles to vessels 
 engaged in foreign or inter-state commerce. The case was taken from the New 
 York court of appeals, where the right had been denied, and he succeeded in hav-
 
 HCCupir Jr S C. 
 
 En 9 !>> GWilhim BrNlT
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of-' CHICAGO. 151 
 
 ing the decision of the New York court reversed. This established the present 
 law ruling in all similar cases. He was also counselor for the Galena Packet Com- 
 pany against the Rock Island Bridge Company. He was instrumental in having 
 the United States courts abolish the twelfth rule in admiralty which denied the 
 jurisdiction in rein of the admiralty court in cases of supplies furnished domestic 
 vessels ; which overruled a series of decisions from the time of the case of the 
 Gen. Smith until this change in the rule. He obtained a charter from the state 
 of Illinois for the establishment of the chamber of commerce for Chicago, which 
 he organized, and for which he acted as secretary one year, without remuneration, 
 taking an active part in the purchase of grounds and the erection of buildings. 
 
 At the opening of the war of the rebellion he entered the army as colonel of 
 the Douglas brigade in Chicago, and was in command of Camp Douglas until 
 1863, when he resigned. In October, 1873, he called a meeting to organize and 
 deliberate for the purpose of building a new rail route from Chicago to Charles- 
 town; over three hundred delegates attended, and the result of their delibera- 
 tions was the organization of the Chicago and South Atlantic Railroad Company. 
 Mr. Rae was elected vice-president of the corporation. This road when com- 
 pleted will be an almost direct air line between Chicago and Charlestown, and 
 the benefit to be derived therefrom by both cities, and the country traversed, can 
 hardly be estimated, and will be a stronger bond of union than the combined 
 congressional acts in that direction since the war. 
 
 Mr. Rae is largely interested in railroad and telegraph companies. He was 
 burned out in the fire of 1871, and lost a large and valuable library. 
 
 In the spring of 1882 he went to London and argued a case in the English 
 court of commissions involving one hundred thousand pounds sterling and 
 interest. He was employed in the interests of the American Board of Under- 
 writers, and was the first American lawyer who had ever appeared in any case in 
 that court; he won his case and received high encomiums for his effort. He then 
 visited Fishmongers' Hall and attended the convention of the shipbuilders of the 
 world, and took drafts and copies of models from the earliest ages. He wrote a 
 letter to the American government, urging that photographs be taken of all the 
 principal models of ships and regretting that not a single American model was 
 represented in the convention, and also urged upon the government to build a 
 dozen or more first class passenger steamers, suitable to be used in time of 
 war, for the defense of our seaports and commerce, and to employ the officers of 
 the navy to navigate them, carrying freight and passengers in the time of peace, 
 in order that the shipbuilders of America might be justified in obtaining the most 
 improved tools and machinery to be used in the manufacture of vessels, and that 
 the earnings of the vessels which should carry our produce and travelers to for- 
 eign countries, amounting to over $150,000,000 a year, might be retained in this 
 country. 
 
 In 1877, in addition to his professional duties, Mr. Rae wrote a play that was 
 published, called " Newport," in six acts, being more of an idyl than an acting 
 16
 
 152 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO 
 
 play; it has been highly spoken of by dramatic critics for its pure English. He 
 devotes his attention to fire and marine insurance law, and that pertaining to 
 railroad and shipping, and sustains the reputation of being the leading maritime 
 lawyer in Chicago, and has the largest practice in the United States Supreme 
 Court of any lawyer in the Northwest. 
 
 Mr. Rae was married in 1850 to Miss Sarah Moulson, of Philadelphia, and has 
 a family of six children; the eldest son, Robert, is an architect. 
 
 HON. DANIEL W. MUNN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Orange county, Vermont, in the year 
 1834, and was educated in the public schools of his native town, and in 
 Thetford Academy, where he graduated. He came west in 1852, stopping first in 
 Indiana, where he was engaged in teaching about two years, and incidentally 
 initiating himself into the theory of law practice. In 1855 he went to Coles 
 county, Illinois, and completed his studies under Judge Starkweather, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1859, and entering upon the practice of his profession, 
 soon won the respect of the bar as a young man of more than ordinary ability. 
 In 1862, impelled by that patriotism which has always characterized the Green 
 Mountain boys, wherever they may be, a patriotism inherited from their ances- 
 tors, he entered the army as adjutant of the i26th 111. Inf., and the following year 
 was appointed colonel of the ist Ala. Cav., an honor which feeble health com- 
 pelled him to decline. Returning to Cairo, Illinois, he resumed practice, and for 
 a time edited the Cairo "Daily News." In 1866 he was elected to the state senate, 
 being the first and only republican ever elected from that district. His record 
 during the four years in the senate was not an ordinary one. He delivered a 
 speech on the adoption of the fourteenth amendment, which was conspicuous for 
 the ability displayed, and was pronounced one of the ablest ever delivered before 
 that body. In 1871 he was nominated for congress on the republican ticket, 
 made,a gallant fight against immense odds, and was defeated by but a small 
 majority, greatly reducing the usual democratic majority, which evidences his 
 popularity. He was appointed by President Grant supervisor of internal reve- 
 nue the same year, his jurisdiction extending over Illinois, Michigan and Wiscon- 
 sin, with headquarters in Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Munn is a natural orator, a scholar of varied attainments, a thinker and a 
 logical reasoner; hence his services have been sought in almost every important 
 political campaign during the past fifteen years, and his eloquent voice has been 
 heard in many of the northern states. He moved to Chicago in 1875, to make it 
 his permanent residence, since which time he has devoted himself to the practice 
 of law, largely criminal law. His success in many important cases has been 
 decidedly notable. He has conducted with marked ability, and won some of the 
 most important cases ever tried in the Northwest. Among them may be men-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 153 
 
 tioned the Clark-St. Peter murder trial, in which Col. Munn defended and cleared 
 Mrs. Clark, charged with the murder of her husband jointly with Joseph St. 
 Peter, and this too with the police and detective forces earnestly opposing him. 
 Several other cases, notable in criminal annals could be cited. He has attained 
 to a first rank among the leading criminal lawyers of the Northwest. 
 
 He has always been an earnest, consistent republican, taking an active inter- 
 est in politics, and whatever pertains to the public welfare. He is devoted to 
 his profession. He was a poor boy in Vermont, who started out alone for the 
 Great West, to make his own way in the world, comparatively unaided by any 
 influence except what his own inherent ability, tact and character could attract 
 and secure. How well he has succeeded, this brief mention will partially indicate. 
 
 HON. JOHN M. THACHER. 
 
 JOHN M. THACHER was born at Barre, Washington county, Vermont, July 
 J i, 1836, and is the son of Rev. Joseph Thacher and Nancy (Attwood) Thacher, 
 both of Woodstock, Windsor county, Vermont. His father was a well known cler- 
 gyman of the Congregational denomination, and descended from an old English 
 family. The founder of this branch of Mr. Thacher's family in America was 
 Rev. Thomas Thacher, the first pastor of the old South Church, in Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts. He was the son of Rev. Peter Thacher, minister of St. Edmunds, and 
 came to this country when a lad of fifteen years of age with an uncle, Anthony 
 Thacher, landing in Boston in June, 1635. Rev. Thomas Thacher was a noted 
 scholar and preacher. It has been said of him that probably no man of his time 
 deserved more than he the title of "universal scholar." He was the progenitor of 
 not a few worthy descendants, among whom was Oxenbridge Thacher, Jr., an 
 eminent lawyer of Boston, who was associated with James Otis in the great con- 
 troversy of 1763 respecting writs of assistance, " which," says Drake in his history 
 of Boston, "was nothing more nor less than the cause of independence." He 
 died in 1765, while yet in the prime of life, at forty-five years of age. In the 
 direct line of descent down to Mr. Thacher's father all were clergymen with but 
 two exceptions, his grandfather and great-grandfather, the latter being Capt. 
 Samuel Thacher in the revolutionary war, who took his young son into the army 
 with him. 
 
 Mr. Thacher received a good elementary education in the common schools of 
 Vermont, and was there fitted for college at Barre Academy, in his native town, 
 then under the charge of J. S. Spaulding, LL.D., one of the most noted instruc- 
 tors of youth in Vermont. He entered the freshman class of 1855 at the University 
 of Vermont, Burlington, and graduated with honors in 1859, standing fourth in 
 his class. 
 
 Mr. Thacher's father died when his son was a lad of only eight years, leaving 
 his mother with four children, two of them girls older and a brother still younger
 
 154 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 than himself, and with very little of this world's goods. Then commenced the 
 oft repeated struggle of life. His mother possessed the sterling qualities of a 
 New England woman a strong will, indomitable energy, and solid good sense. 
 With a mother's devotion she unhesitatingly determined to keep her little family 
 together and make them true men and women, and with singleness of purpose 
 she pursued this task, replete with pain and toil and suffering known only to 
 American mothers who have trod the same thorny way. When but a child John 
 M. felt that he must work, so that what little he could earn might be of benefit to 
 his mother; but his love for books and study was predominant, always being first 
 in his classes at school. Though this early experience gave him a gravity and 
 soberness far beyond his boyish years, it did not quench the thirst for knowledge 
 or quell a youthful ambition in looking forward to the future. His mother incul- 
 cated the good Puritan habits of New England, and home influences prevented 
 him from yielding to evil influences when away, and he was always known in his 
 home village as a quiet, studious, industrious boy, and one that could be trusted 
 implicitly. 
 
 After graduating from college he accepted an invitation to become the princi- 
 pal of an academy at Lyndon, Vermont, and being under the influence of strong 
 religious impulses, he became a member of the Congregational church at Barre, 
 Vermont. Family predilection, and the influence of others, added to some per- 
 sonal sense of duty, directed his thoughts to the ministry, and he left college with 
 the intention of making this his profession. After teaching a year, he left Lyndon 
 to enter the theological seminary at Andover, Massachusetts, in the autumn of 
 1860. During the year the war of the rebellion broke out, financial embarrass- 
 ment obstructed his progress, and all his plans were disturbed. He suspended 
 his studies, and in the autumn of 1861 accepted an engagement as associate 
 principal of Barre Academy with his old preceptor, Dr. Spaulding. In the sum- 
 mer of 1862 came the call for 300,000 volunteers for three years' service, followed 
 shortly by a call for a like number for nine months' service. This was just after 
 the close of the academic year, and with a patriotic desire to have some part in 
 the struggle for national life, he felt the time had come for him to go. He 
 enlisted, and raised a company of nine months' men, known as Co. I, ijth Vt. 
 Vols. (a nine months' regiment), and entered the service with the rank of captain. 
 When the regiment was mustered out, in 1863, he returned to his old position in 
 Barre Academy. 
 
 The patronage of all the higher schools of learning had at this time, owing to 
 the war, become very light, and Mr. Thacher did not see his way clear to resume 
 his studies, and in fact had begun to doubt whether the ministry was his proper 
 life-work. At this period he was quite unsettled in his aims and purposes. An 
 apparent accident turned his attention to the United States patent office, in which 
 he obtained an appointment in June, 1864, as an ordinary clerk, but was assigned 
 to duty in the examining corps of the office as an assistant examiner. This duty 
 he found suited to his tastes, and for which he seemed to be well adapted. He
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 155 
 
 then determined to prepare for the legal profession, and for the special depart- 
 ment of patent law. Diligent study, and careful, conscientious discharge of 
 official duties, were rewarded with remarkable success, promotions following in 
 rapid succession, and in less than twelve years he was at the head of the patent 
 office, having been appointed first assistant examiner the last of 1864, principal 
 examiner in 1866, examiner of interferences in 1869, examiner in chief in 1870, 
 assistant commissioner in 1872, and commissioner in 1874, the last three presiden- 
 tial appointments requiring confirmation by the United States senate. In the 
 meantime he studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Virginia in April, 1870, 
 at Alexandria, where he then resided. Promotions had retained him in official 
 life much longer than he intended, and in the autumn of 1875 he resigned the 
 office of commissioner of patents to enter upon the practice of his profession, 
 having formed a law partnership with L. L. Coburn, of Chicago, an old friend 
 and college classmate. 
 
 Mr. Thacher's duties for the last five years of his official life were almost 
 entirely of a judicial nature, and the official reports of " Commissioner's Deci- 
 sions " from 1872 to 1875 contain many of his opinions, some of them in impor- 
 tant cases, which are recognized as evidencing good judgment and sound learning- 
 He was the first commissioner of patents attaining to the position through the 
 ranks of the examining corps, and when appointed was the youngest man that 
 had ever held the office, his promotions having been almost entirely on merit, as 
 he had little political influence, and was not disposed to seek assistance from this 
 source. On entering active practice at Chicago, Mr. Thacher at once took rank 
 with leading members of the legal profession in the West in the department of 
 patent law, to which he had given exclusive attention. 
 
 In 1871 Mr. Thacher was appointed a member of the civil service sub-commis- 
 sion for the interior department, under the national commission, of which Mr. 
 Geo. William Curtis was president. The work of organizing and practically 
 carrying into effect the contemplated reforms in appointments and promotions in 
 the executive departments at Washington was substantially delegated to the sub- 
 commissions under the general rules of the national commission. Mr. Thacher 
 exercised a controlling influence in- carrying out this work in the interior depart- 
 ment, and it has always been admitted that during the time he remained on the 
 commission the experiment was a decided success, and a great benefit to the 
 department. In the year 1873 Mr. Thacher was appointed by the president to 
 represent the United States in an international patent congress, held at Vienna, 
 Austria, during the exposition of that year. 
 
 Mr. Thacher is a republican in politics, though not a strong partisan, being a 
 conservative republican. During most of his official life in the patent office he 
 resided at Alexandria, Virginia, and took a somewhat active part in the political 
 reconstruction of that state, and was a delegate from Virginia to the national 
 republican convention at Chicago in 1868 that nominated Grant and Colfax, and 
 in 1870 was a member of the republican state central committee of Virginia. He
 
 156 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 has been repeatedly asked to become a candidate for elective office, but always 
 declined. 
 
 Although still retaining his ecclesiastical relations with the church of his fore- 
 fathers, Mr. Thacher has kept abreast of the religious progress of the period. 
 Rooted and grounded in the fundamental truths of Christianity, he has outgrown 
 somewhat the narrowness of earlier life. He has never been married. A gentle- 
 man of pleasing manners, good conversational and oratorical powers, national 
 reputation in the branch of his profession to which he has devoted himself, and 
 free from stain in record or character, he is a conspicuous illustration of the 
 higher possibilities open to every American youth, however untoward may be his 
 surroundings, provided only he possesses intellectual capacity and aspirations. 
 
 AREA N. WATERMAN. 
 
 A^BA NELSON WATERMAN is a native of Orleans county, Vermont, and 
 was born at Greensboro, February 5, 1836. His father, Loring F. Waterman, 
 a merchant, was born at Johnson, Vermont, and his mother, whose maiden name 
 was Mary Stevens, was born in Greensboro, her father being a mill owner and 
 prominent business man in that town. The paternal great-grandfather of Arba 
 was a captain in the revolutionary army, and had a number of sons who were 
 substantial men and among the leading citizens of Lamoille county, Vermont 
 One of them, Arunah Waterman, grandfather of our subject, was a woolen manu- 
 facturer at Montpelier, and served in the state senate for several years. 
 
 Mr. Waterman received a first-class academic education at Johnson, Montpe- 
 lier, Georgia, and Norwich military school, all in his native state; taught one 
 year in the Georgia Academy; studied law at Montpelier and the Albany (New 
 York) Law School; was admitted to practice in 1861; opened a law office in Joliet, 
 Illinois, and in 1862 enlisted as a private in the looth regiment 111. Vol. Inf., made 
 up in Will county and connected with the department of the Cumberland; was in 
 numerous engagements, including Chicamauga, Resaca, Dalton, and Altoona 
 Mountains, etc. At the first named battle he had his horse killed under him, and 
 was afterward shot through the right arm and in the right side, but did not leave 
 the service until August, 1864, being mustered out as lieutenant-colonel of the 
 regiment. On leaving the army Col. Waterman opened a law office in Chicago, 
 with residence in Waukegan until 1868, when he removed to this city. He is 
 doing a general civil business, and has good class of clients, who impose in him 
 the most implicit confidence. He is a thorough lawyer, and maintains the 
 esteem and respect of both bench and bar. 
 
 Mr. Waterman represented the eleventh ward in the city council for two years, 
 1873-1874, that being the only civil office that he has ever held. He is a decided 
 and somewhat active republican and a Master Mason. 
 
 He married in December, 1862, Ella Louise, daughter of Samuel Hall, formerly 
 a merchant in Brooklyn, New York.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 157 
 
 Mr. Waterman has been a student all his life, and has a keen relish for scien- 
 tific studies. He was one of the founders of the Chicago Philosophical Society, 
 before which he has lectured on one or more occasions. He is president of the 
 Irving Literary Society, which is composed of professional men and others resi- 
 ding in the west division of Chicago. 
 
 NOAH E. GARY. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Du Page county, Illinois, in 1844, and 
 is the eldest son of Erastus Gary, now a wealthy citizen of Wheaton, who 
 came to Illinois in 1832 from Pomfret, Windham county, Connecticut, and is of old 
 revolutionary stock, his ancestors having settled in Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 
 1631. Noah E. was educated at Wheaton College, and left there in 1862 and 
 enlisted in the losth 111. Inf., which served on detached duty until the spring of 
 1864, when it was attached to the Twentieth Army Corps under Gen. Hooker, and 
 advanced with him on Atlanta. Mr. Gary was severely wounded in four places 
 at Resaca, and was sent to Nashville to the hospital. He was mustered out 
 November i, 1864, and suffered from the effects of his wounds until the following 
 spring. He returned to Wheaton and engaged in business pursuits and teaching 
 school until the spring of 1868, employing his leisure hours in the meantime in 
 the study of law. He then entered the office of the clerk of the superior court of 
 Cook county, and served there until October, 1872, being chief deputy during 
 1871 and 1872. Mr. Gary was admitted to practice by the supreme court in Jan- 
 uary, 1875, having, however, been a partner of his brother, E. H. Gary, in practice 
 of law since October, 1872. In 1879 Judge Cody retired from the bench and 
 became a member of the firm of Gary, Cody and Gary, which still continues. 
 
 Mr. Gary was for two years (1879 and 1880) president of the town council of 
 Wheaton, and in 1879 was appointed master in chancery of Du Page county, 
 which office he still holds. He is a republican, and takes a very active and prom- 
 inent part in the politics of his native county. His life has been one of honest, 
 persistent effort, and as the result of a faithful adherence to right and loyalty to 
 his own manhood, he sees that life crowned with a most satisfactory success. 
 
 JOHN H. S. QUICK. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is the son of John S. Quick (deceased), formerly an 
 enterprising and prosperous business man of New York, and Mary Quick. 
 He studied in the grammar school of Columbia College, New York, and afterward 
 at the Episcopal Academy at Cheshire, Connecticut. He entered Trinity College, 
 Hartford, Connecticut, and graduated from that institution in the class of 1858. 
 He then went to Europe and attended lectures at the University in Leipsic. Re-
 
 158 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 turning to New York he read law with Scudder and Carter, and was admitted 
 to the New York bar in 1861. He then practiced law successfully three years, 
 at the end of which period he removed to Chicago, where he was engaged 
 in the practice of the law by himself until 1871. He then formed a partnership 
 with George Herbert, a lawyer of decided ability. In the great conflagration of 
 1871 the fine partnership library and the large personal library of Mr. Quick were 
 consumed. This partnership continued doing an extensive general law business 
 up to 1876, when John S. Miller was admitted as a partner into the firm, and the 
 name became Herbert, Quick and Miller, and so continued until the sudden 
 demise of Mr. Herbert, October 9, 1882, when it was changed to Quick and Miller. 
 
 Mr. Quick is a well read lawyer, who is patient in research of authorities. He 
 possesses an analytic mind and is a sound reasoner. He has never sought public 
 position or preferment, but has been fully absorbed in the work of his profession 
 and the management of his estate. He is a gentleman of refinement and culture, 
 and inspires all who come in contact with him with confidence and respect. 
 
 He is a member of the Episcopal church, and in political sentiments is a dem- 
 ocrat. He has passed to the Knight Templar's degree in Masonry. 
 
 Mr. Quick has a fine presence, is of medium size and height, with high, broad 
 forehead, blue eyes, and a luxuriant growth of auburn hair slightly tinged with 
 gray. He was married October 3, 1861, to an estimable lady of refinement and 
 education in the person of Miss Henrietta B. Carter, daughter of H. Kendall 
 Carter, of Hartford, Connecticut. They have an interesting family, consisting of 
 one daughter and three sons. 
 
 NOEL B. BOYDEN. 
 
 NOEL BYRON BOYDEN has been an attorney in Chicago since 1864, dur- 
 ing which time he has been prominently identified with local jurisprudence. 
 He was born in Belleville, Jefferson county, New York, February 18, 1824. His 
 father, Samuel Boyden, was a manufacturer of potash, and a tanner. His 
 mother's maiden name was Eunice Fish. 
 
 He secured his education at the public schools of Belleville, graduating from 
 the Belleville Academy, a most excellent institution of learning, when about 
 twenty-four years of age. On the day he was twenty-one, he was nominated by 
 the democratic party, and elected, town superintendent of schools for his native 
 town, and successively reflected for three terms. He was possessed of unusual 
 talent as an educator, and naturally turned his attention to teaching upon the 
 expiration of his last term as superintendent of schools. He pursued this occupa- 
 tion in his native town, studying and teaching till he was about twenty-five years 
 of age, when he went to Sackett's Harbor, in the same county, and entered the 
 law office of Hon. Augustus Ford, a prominent and successful lawyer of that 
 place.
 
 HCCinpar Jr * Co 
 
 GWiIln-. IBrN Y
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. l6l 
 
 After having had some practice in Sackett's Harbor, he was admitted to the 
 bar by the supreme court of New York, at Albany in May 1849. He first opened 
 a law office in Watertown, New York, where he practiced for about eighteen 
 months, when, in 1851, he removed to the West, and settled in Mineral Point, 
 Wisconsin. Here he remained in the practice of his profession until the year 
 1857, when he received the appointment of receiver of public moneys, at the land 
 office in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, from the President of the United States, James 
 Buchanan. Dr. W. T. Galloway received an appointment as register, and together 
 they organized that district. After discharging the duties of this position for 
 three years, he resigned, and opened a law office in the town, where he practiced 
 several years successfully. At the end of that time, in 1864, he removed to Chi- 
 cago, and there resumed his profession. 
 
 In 1871 he was appointed justice of the peace, for Chicago, by Hon. John M. 
 Palmer, then governor of the state of Illinois, and served his term of four years 
 with more than ordinary ability. In 1873 he was appointed by the then mayor, 
 Hon. H. D. Colvin, police magistrate of Chicago, serving the full term of his 
 appointment. In July, 1875, Mayor Colvin appointed him prosecuting attorney, 
 and in connection with the last appointment the board of county commissioners 
 appointed him a prosecuting attorney, that there should be a conformity in the 
 prosecution of cases in the criminal court, as well as before justices of the peace. 
 
 After the expiration of his last appointment, he engaged in the practice of 
 law until the fall of 1882, when he was elected to the high and important office of 
 coroner of Cook county, and is now serving his official term. 
 
 JULIUS S. GRINNELL. 
 
 THE designs and purposes of the boy are the beginning; the results and 
 difficulties met with in the execution of these purposes are the middle; the 
 resolution and unraveling of them, the end of a man's career. What a man 
 accomplishes, and what he develops into, are the outcome of his inherent nature, 
 modified by the direction given by himself, and not the result of chance. In this 
 mention of Julius S. Grinnell, it is correct to say that he has so controlled and 
 directed his own course that he has attained to a creditable success; first, because 
 he had the necessary native elements in him, and second, because he has made 
 good use of his capabilities and opportunities, as the details will evidence. 
 
 He was born in Massena, St. Lawrence county, New York, in the year 1842, 
 and is of French-Welsh extraction as to remote ancestry, but thoroughly New 
 England as to immediate ancestry. His father was Dr. J. H. Grinnell, of New 
 Haven, Vermont; his mother, formerly Alvira Williamson, also a native of Ver- 
 mont. The Grinnell family is among the oldest and best families in the East. 
 It may be traced back to its ancestral town of Grinnelle, now a considerable 
 manufacturing town, just within the new fortifications eastward from Paris, 
 17
 
 1 62 T1IK BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 France; the town named after the family. The monumental fountain there is 
 also named from them. They emigrated to Wales, thence to this country, one 
 branch settling in New York, where the name is a distinguished one, Moses 
 Grinnell and others being descendants; another branch in Connecticut; a third 
 in Vermont, and from this latter the subject of this sketch is descended, all fam- 
 ilies of note. His early education was obtained in the common schools in his 
 native town. He fitted for college in Potsdam Academy, St. Lawrence county, 
 New York, and entered Middlebury (Vermont) College in 1862, and graduated in 
 the fall of 1866, ranking high in his classes, and during his young manhood fore- 
 shadowed future success in whatever profession he might engage, and his career 
 up to the present time has been a fulfillment of this early promise. He chose the 
 profession of law, and to that end engaged in studying (after he graduated) in 
 the office of Hon. William C. Brown, in Ogdensburg, and was admitted to prac- 
 tice by the supreme court of New York in 1868, and commenced practice in that 
 city, which he continued two years; taught the Ogdensburg Academy one year, 
 giving excellent satisfaction in that capacity. In December, 1870, he came to 
 Chicago, and engaged in the practice of his profession, depending upon his own 
 energy and abilities to obtain success. He was an almost entire stranger here, 
 there being but two persons, so far as he knew, with whom he had had any pre- 
 vious acquaintance. He had faith in himself, and in the future of Chicago, and 
 trusted to his own efforts to attain success at this bar, contending with able and 
 older practitioners. One of the decided characteristics of his nature is self- 
 reliance, backed by decision of character, and the public accord him the credit of 
 possessing integrity and sincerity. He has won a success few men of his age win. 
 
 When the great fire came, and swept the main business portion of Chicago 
 out of existence, he had scarcely gained a foothold in his practice, but in the 
 reorganization and reestablishment of business, he was one of the number who 
 had the force, courage and confidence in the rebuilding of the city, to assert him- 
 self and resume practice with renewed energy. He has come to the front, and 
 must be accorded a position at the bar among the foremost of young Chicago 
 attorneys. 
 
 In the municipal election of 1879 he was nominated by the democratic party 
 for the important office of city attorney, over competitors older in years and 
 time of residence in the city, which facts indicate his popularity with the people. 
 At this time the democratic party was not in power, and the city largely repub- 
 lican, but he was elected by a handsome majority, and served with such universal 
 acceptance that he was renominated in 1881, and reflected by a still larger 
 majority, indeed, led the ticket in point of number of votes, with the single 
 exception of Mayor Harrison, and but a few votes short of his total. In this 
 capacity he is acknowledged by all to be an efficient and vigilant law officer of 
 this great city, with its multiplicity of interests, which the city attorney is 
 expected to protect. He has discharged his duties well. He succeeds some of 
 the oldest and ablest members of the Chicago bar, and has maintained the dig-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 163 
 
 nitv and prestige of the office, and proven the equal of any of his predecessors, 
 which is a deserved compliment, and carries with it its own significance. 
 
 He married Miss Augusta Hitchcock, daughter of Dr. William Hitchcock, of 
 Shoreham, Addison county, Vermont, October 5, 1869. They have two chil- 
 dren, a boy and a girl, and a pleasant home. Mr. Grinnell is a gentleman of 
 unexceptionable habits. In those walks of life in which intelligence, honor and 
 manliness are regarded for what they are worth, he has, by the practice of these 
 virtues, achieved an honorable and influential position in the community, and is 
 respected by all who know him, either personally or by repute. He is in the 
 prime of life, and has a future full of promise before him. 
 
 HENRY M. MATTHEWS. 
 
 HENRY M. MATTHEWS was born in Covington, Wyoming county, New 
 York, April 16, 1845. His father, Isaac V. Matthews, was a farmer, and a 
 prominent man in that county. His maternal grandfather, although not a law- 
 yer, was one of the first judges of the county court of Genesee county, New York. 
 His great-grandfather, David Brooks, a graduate of Yale College, was a clergy- 
 man, but before he settled over any congregation, became an officer of the 
 revolutionary army, and, after peace with England, served in several important 
 civil capacities. 
 
 Henry's preliminary education was obtained in the schools in and about his 
 native place. During the civil war, he enlisted as a soldier in the I36th N. Y. 
 Inf., and served to the close of the war. He was wounded at the battle of 
 Resaca. His leisure hours in camp were spent in study, principally of mathe- 
 matics, for which he had a liking. When he was mustered out of the service, he 
 entered Union College at Schenectady, where he remained three years, when he 
 went to Amherst College, and joining the senior class, graduated in 1869 among 
 the few of first rank in his class. He was a member of the Alpha Delta Phi Fra- 
 ternity. From college he went to the Columbia (New York) Law School, under 
 charge of the eminent Theodore Dwight, after which he read law with Lanning, 
 Fulsom and Willett, of Buffalo, New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1872, 
 when he became managing clerk in the office of Dorscheimer and Lansing, of 
 Buffalo. 
 
 He removed to Chicago in 1873, a stranger, and engaged as a law clerk for a 
 time, before commencing practice on his own account. By steady, hard work, he 
 has attained to a business which will compare favorably, in extent and quality, 
 with that of any of the younger attorneys at this bar. He has been successfuly 
 engaged in some important corporation suits, notably that of the Singer and Tal- 
 cott Stone Company vs. Wheeler; the Hinsdale Granite Company vs. Tilley and the 
 city of Chicago; the Union Foundry Works case in United States courts, and 
 others of importance. He is engaged in general practice. He is a pains-taking
 
 164 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 
 
 and reliable attorney and counselor, and has the confidence of a first-class client- 
 age. Such, in brief, has been the career of Henry M. Matthews. What a man is, 
 and what he accomplishes, are but the solidification and outcome of his real prin- 
 ciples, directed and controlled by himself; an evolving of himself by himself. 
 The man who attains success, having unlimited opportunities, and surrounded 
 with the most favorable circumstances and conditions, is not entitled to the same 
 credit as he who is obliged to make the circumstances, and submit to the condi- 
 tions and surroundings, and make the most of them. To the latter class Mr. 
 Matthews belongs. He had the capacity to comprehend and measure himself, 
 and the conditions surrounding him, and has turned his abilities into the channel 
 of his natural inclinations, and made the most of his opportunities, and developed 
 in himself a true manhood. He is industrious in his profession, and is respected 
 by the bar and the courts. He is now senior member of the firm of Matthews 
 and Dicker. 
 
 ALFRED S. TRUDE. 
 
 A MONG the younger members of the Chicago bar who have within a few years 
 L\. been brought prominently before the public is Alfred S. Trude, an illustri- 
 ous example of self-made fame and promising greatness, possessing rare talents 
 and all the qualifications which, with native genius, place him among the leading 
 criminal lawyers of Illinois. He is of English descent, the son of Samuel and 
 Sallie (Downs) Trude. The latter is of a family well known in British history, her 
 father having been an officer of rank in the British navy and her brothers now 
 being in that service. His parents were" natives of England, and there engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits. They emigrated to the United States in 1847, and Alfred 
 was born on shipboard April 21, while the vessel on which they made the journey 
 was lying in quarantine off the New York port. After landing they settled in 
 Lockport, New York, where Alfred first attended school. Subsequently he 
 entered Union College, graduated at the age of 17; removed to Chicago, and 
 entered the Union College of Law under Hon. Henry Booth, at the same time 
 studying under the tuition of Mr. A. B. Jenks, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1871, and at once entered enthusiastically into the work of his profession. 
 
 Mr. Trude has always been a close student and zealous worker, always enter- 
 ing into all his duties with his whole heart, body and soul. He has a thorough 
 knowledge of the law, is well educated and read on all points, is quick of percep- 
 tion and firm and imperative in his actions. He is a fluent speaker, powerful in 
 argument, and possesses a peculiarly powerful magnetism which invariably makes 
 him one of the most successful jury lawyers and a dangerous opponent on the 
 merits of a case. Mr. Trude, by 'energy and perseverance, has become one of the 
 most successful criminal lawyers, having conducted thirty-four murder cases, 
 thirty-three men and one woman, all of which, with one exception, he tried 
 alone, and in all, with the exception of three, he secured verdicts of acquittal. 
 Some of these were the most noted cases of the kind now on record.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 165 
 
 The most recent case of notoriety, in which there was displayed more talent 
 and skill than in almost any other case on record, was that of the woman, Theresa 
 Sturla, or the Stiles case, in which Mr. Trude defended the murderess against the 
 strongest efforts of States Attorney Mills, who made a vigorous attempt for her 
 conviction with death penalty sentence. Mr. Trude displayed great talent, 
 research, perseverance and adaptation, almost accomplishing a complete victory, 
 she being sentenced to only one year in the penitentiary. 
 
 The first case of importance in which Mr. Trude appeared prominently before 
 the public was the Linden divorce case, where Linden, a coachman, married the 
 daughter of Mr. Hancock, a rich packer, Linden representing himself to be a 
 British lord while in pursuit of his victim. In this case the question of marriage 
 was discussed at great length, there being found a misrepresentation in the 
 inducements to marry. The validity of the marriage was determined by the 
 question of cohabitation and decided in favor of the husband, and a divorce 
 denied. The question was as novel as it was delicate, and stands alone as a 
 precedent in the wide domain of legal literature. 
 
 Another was the defense of the Reno brothers, who were arrested at various 
 places and finally at Seymour, Indiana. Mr. Trude first cleared Saul, who, on his 
 acquittal, was seized by a mob and lynched, and afterward the other, who took 
 refuge in the jail, but was sought after and treated in a similar manner. Another 
 was the defense of Joe Tansey, alias Johnson, for killing Albert Gates, a well 
 known case. Another was the defense and acquittal of William Gerbick, who 
 was charged with arson and murder, he having been accused of setting fire to a 
 house and burning his alleged mistress. Another was the defense and acquittal 
 of Thomas Mangaw, indited for the killing of Kelly on St. Patrick's day. Another 
 important case was the defense and acquittal of Maguire, McGarey and O'Brien 
 for killing three Bohemians at a dance. He first obtained permission for a sepa- 
 rate trial, and by a vigorous effort and strong fight secured the acquittal of 
 McGarey, and after he was out of the reach of the law, and once in jeopardy, put 
 him on the stand, and by his confession of the crime and evidence cleared the 
 other two. Another case was the defense and acquittal of Father Forhan, a 
 Catholic priest charged with stealing $3,600 from the parish of St. Mary. Another 
 was the defense and acquittal of M. C. McDonald, who was charged under nine- 
 teen different indictments, one of which was with intent to kill. Another was the 
 defense and acquittal of Jim Martin, charged with killing St. James, on Clark 
 street. He was also attorney in the 'Lizzie Moore diamond robbery case, when 
 ex-Chief of Police Hickey was a supposed accomplice. He was also the attorney 
 for a number of conductors in 1875 when they were charged with larceny from 
 the railroad companies with which they were connected. He was also attorney 
 for Clem Periolat and the county commissioners, better known as the " court- 
 house ring crowd," all of whom were acquitted. He was also attorney for R. K. 
 Turner and Howard Turner, in the celebrated land-forgery case, in which over 
 three millions of dollars were involved, and for which he succeeded in obtaining
 
 I 66 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 an acquittal for both. He is the attorney for several railroad associations, and in 
 connection with Pinkerton has conducted different noted cases in which persons 
 were charged with various crimes against the railroads, with eminent success. 
 He is now attorney for the Chicago City Railway Company, and is one of the 
 attorneys for the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company. 
 
 Mr. Trude has figured with a great many extradition cases, one of which was 
 the "Newburg poker case," in which $150,000 was won from Weed by Scott and 
 Hedges. The defendants' attorneys attempted by a writ of habeas corpus, in the 
 circuit court of Cook county to procure the discharge of the defendants, but 
 through the efforts of Mr. Trude they were remanded. In 1876 Mr. Trude became 
 attorney for the Chicago "Times," and defended the editor, Mr. Wilbur F. Story, 
 in the celebrated extradition case, when Mr. William Beck, chief of police of 
 Milwaukee, appeared for the prosecution, together with his attorneys. In this 
 case an effort was made to take Mr. Story to Wisconsin to answer to the crime of 
 libel against the laws of that state. The point raised by Mr. Trude was that as 
 Mr. Story had not fled from the requiring state under the act of congress relating 
 to fugitives from justice, he could not be sent to that state without a plain viola- 
 tion of the law. Gov. Beveridge, who was governor at the time, discharged Mr. 
 Story, and the attorney general, Edsall, concurred. Mr. Trude has tried on behalf 
 of the Chicago "Times" fifty-two libel cases, most of the verdicts being "not 
 guilty," while others varied from one cent to a dollar, except in the case of Alice 
 E. Early against Mr. Story, when a verdict was rendered against Mr. Story for 
 $500. On a previous occasion, when Messrs. E. A. Storrs and Wirt Dexter 
 defended, the verdict was $25,000, and it was immediately following this verdict 
 that Mr. Trude became the attorney for the "Times." Two years ago Mr. Trude 
 became attorney for the Chicago "Tribune," also, and has tried several cases for 
 that paper with perfect success. 
 
 Mr. Trude was married in 1868 to Miss Algenia D. Pearson, of Lockport, New 
 York, a young lady of great musical attainments and of high social qualities. 
 
 F. W. TOURTELLOTTE. 
 
 MR.TOURTELLOTTE was born in Thompson, Windham county, Connecticut, 
 in 1837; the son of Joseph Tourtellotte and Amy (Joslin) Tourtellotte. The 
 family was prominent in that locality, the father and sons having held important 
 positions of trust for a succession of years. Young Tourtellotte pursued his pre- 
 paratory studies mainly at Providence, Rhode Island, and was afterward a student 
 in Brown University, which he left in 1856, being among the foremost in his class. 
 He then attended the Albany Law School, where he graduated, and was admitte 
 to the bar in 1858. The following year he settled in Chicago and commenced 
 the practice of law, in which he has since been constantly engaged, with the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. l6j 
 
 exception of a few months while in the military service as major of the I2;th 111. 
 Inf., connected with the Army of the Tennessee. Mr. Tourtellotte has attained a 
 wide reputation as a painstaking, safe, able and successful lawyer, and ranks high 
 at the Chicago bar. During his practice he has been engaged in some of the 
 most important cases that have come before the higher courts, notably the Craig- 
 Sprague breach of promise case, in which the largest verdict ($100,000) ever 
 obtained was given by the jury in favor of his client; also the noted meat canning 
 case, which was won after laborious trials, in which the opposition employed some 
 of the most distinguished counsel at this bar. Mr. Tourtellotte eschews politics, 
 and devotes himself closely to his profession. He has a large and varied practice, 
 both before the state and United States courts. He is a safe counselor and an 
 earnest and convincing advocate, being an interesting and forcible speaker before 
 court or jury. 
 
 In 1861 he was married to Miss Julia Isabella Judson, only child of Dr. Judson, 
 a wealthy citizen of Chicago, and has one son, Frederick Judson, about fifteen 
 years of age. 
 
 WILLIAM L. MITCHELL. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Monroe county, New York, and is now 
 fifty years of age. His family moved to Janesville, Rock county, Wiscon- 
 sin, in 1846, where his father, who is now living, and widely known, formerly 
 was engaged in the practice of his profession, that of a physician. William 
 chose the profession of law, and to that end fitted himself by a thorough 
 course of study, and was admitted to the bar in that city, where he practiced sev- 
 eral years. He has always been a decided democrat in politics, but when the 
 civil war broke out, he was a war democrat, and with Hon. Matt H. Carpenter, 
 who then lived in Rock county, and was also a war democrat, he was active in 
 urging enlistments, and made many speeches in support of the prosecution of the 
 war for the suppression of the rebellion and the preservation of the Union. In 
 1866 he removed to Chicago, and soon secured an extensive and lucrative prac- 
 tice, mainly of admiralty or maritime law in the admiralty courts, and attained 
 to a position among the foremost in this specialty. He has made some especially 
 happy and effective arguments before the United States courts in the course of 
 his practice in Chicago, notably his argument in what is known as the Kate 
 Hinchman (name of a vessel) case in the United States circuit court, before Judge 
 Drummond, in which he reviewed the opinion of Judge Bradley, of the United 
 States Supreme Court, in the noted Lottawana case. The argument was at once 
 able, unique, classical, clear and forcible, and attracted the attention of the court and 
 those who heard it, and Mr. Mitchell was complimented by the court on account 
 of it. He lost largely in the great fire, and after that disaster, and the succeed- 
 ing financial crisis, this class of business declined to a degree that made it of 
 little consequence, and Mr. Mitchell engaged in general practice.
 
 1 68 THE BENCH AND RAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He is a man of literary taste and attainments, and an author and lecturer. 
 His temperance lecture, " Chicago by Gaslight," was well received by the public 
 and the press, both as to matter, and manner of delivery. He is author of a 
 pamphlet, "Humors of the Times," a satire upon the political corruptions of 
 1876-7; a play, "The Conscript," in six acts, founded upon Dumas' "Conscript," as 
 to characters only; he contributes to the press, and evidences ability, humor and 
 sarcasm in a measure which the majority of professional writers do not possess. 
 His descriptions of scenes and events have been compared by the critics to some 
 of the best efforts of Dickens. On the platform he is an actor as well as orator. 
 
 Mr. Mitchell is a bachelor, and will probably remain so. He devotes himself 
 to his profession, to the exclusion of politics, with an occasional venture in the 
 literary field for recreation. 
 
 JOHN M. GARTSIDE. 
 
 JOHN M. GARTSIDE was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 24, 
 1849. His parents, Benjamin and Caroline (Measey) Gartside, are both 
 natives of Lancashire, England. They immigrated to the United States early in 
 life, and for many years lived in Philadelphia, where the father became an adept 
 in the delicate art of steel engraving, and for a number of years pursued that 
 occupation. In order the better to provide for his growing family he removed to 
 the West, and settled at Iowa City, in the state of Iowa. This was in 1855. Two 
 years later came the financial crash that swept over the country. His means were 
 limited; the change of climate and other causes incident to settlement in a new 
 country, combining, so wrought upon his health, that during the succeeding year 
 and a half he was prostrated upon a bed of sickness, leaving the care and support 
 of his family to his devoted wife and oldest son, the subject of this sketch. The 
 lot was a hard one; but young as the boy was, he faced it with a cheerful and 
 brave heart, and during the six years that followed, chopped wood, worked on 
 a farm, often filling a man's place and doing a man's work, and never allowing an 
 opportunity to go unimproved, whereby he might contribute to the needs of the 
 family. In 1861 the family removed to Davenport, Iowa, where John was, in a 
 measure, enabled to gratify his ardent longing for an education. He at once 
 obtained work in the merchant tailoring establishment of Mr. P. L. Cone, at one 
 dollar per week, reserving a portion of his time for study. In this manner, for 
 some four years, he worked and attended the public schools, and pursued a course 
 in the high school of Davenport, and later attended the evening sessions of the 
 Bryant and Stratton Business College of that city. He was a good scholar, with 
 a clear, comprehensive mind, and a retentive memory; was fond of reading, and 
 by economizing his time, and faithfully improving his opportunities, gained a 
 good knowledge of the English branches, and a thoroughly practical business 
 education.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 169 
 
 He remained with Mr. Cone about seven years, and during that period was 
 promoted from time to time, until at its close, in 1868, he had almost the entire 
 charge and control of the business. 
 
 During the next two years he was employed as book-keeper, cashier and office 
 manager of the Davenport agency of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of 
 Chicago. The change was to him most opportune, and the performance of the 
 duties of his responsible position, in a marked degree, developed his latent abili- 
 ties. The boy became a man. Catching glimpses of the busy world lying out- 
 side and beyond the limits of that to which his life thus far had been confined, 
 and discovering in himself a peculiar tact and skill to deal with men, he was 
 unable longer to content himself in the narrow routine of clerical life, and 
 resolved, at any cost of self-sacrifice or labor, to fit himself for the practice of 
 law. He had formed several business acquaintances in Chicago, and knowing its 
 importance as a commercial center, was attracted thither. Arriving October i, 
 1870, with a well defined and determined purpose, he at once set about its accom- 
 plishment. His desire was to place himself under the tuition of some able lawyer, 
 where, in addition to the privileges of study, and the benefit of his preceptor's 
 experience, he could, at the same time, receive a salary sufficient to defray his 
 expenses. This he found after a week of weary and anxious searching, a week of 
 anxiety such as those only can appreciate who have passed through similar expe- 
 riences, in the law office of Dent and Black, his duties being to keep the books of 
 the firm, and to perform other general office work, his salary being fixed at 
 $7.00 per week. He went to his task with a will, and soon became a proficient 
 law clerk. In addition to his law studies, he devoted his attention assiduously to 
 other branches under private tutors, and thus early and late applied himself to 
 study and work. In June, 1873, being thoroughly prepared, he went before the 
 supreme court, sitting at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, and, passing a rigid examination, 
 was admitted to the bar. He continued with Dent and Black until February, 
 1876, as chief clerk of their office, and, being thoroughly qualified, was entrusted 
 with many important matters in the courts, and during the last year of his clerk- 
 ship received, aside from the privilege of practicing on his own account, a salary 
 of $1,200. To most young lawyers this would have seemed most favorable and 
 satisfactory; but Mr. Gartside, with characteristic independence, felt that he 
 would rather devote his entire energies to establishing a reputation and practice 
 for himself, and accordingly resigned his position, and opened an office on his 
 own account. The decision proved a wise one in every respect. The few clients 
 who had entrusted their business to him while a law clerk, continued with him, 
 and brought others, and from the first he had a fair practice, which has gradually 
 grown, each year exhibiting a marked increase of business. 
 
 As a lawyer he shows thorough and careful professional training; readily 
 
 analyses and comprehends the bearing of questions presented; quickly applies 
 
 his knowledge, and in whatever he undertakes shows himself a skillful master of 
 
 the situation. As a counselor his advice and opinions are reliable; as a special 
 
 18
 
 I7O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 pleader he excels; while as an advocate before court or jury, he ranks among the 
 most successful. 
 
 Personally, Mr. Gartside is amiable, companionable, genial and generous. 
 Domestic in his tastes and habits, he finds his chief delight outside of his busi- 
 ness, in the comforts and pleasures of his own home, and is a friend always and 
 everywhere to be relied on. 
 
 His wife, Annie Louise (Davis) Gartside, is a daughter of Levi and Elizabeth 
 (Fory) Davis, of Davenport, Iowa; an intelligent, charming and thoroughly 
 accomplished lady, who presides with dignity over her own home, and among her 
 many friends and acquaintances is most highly esteemed. They were married in 
 September, 1874, and have one child, Lillie Claribel, an interesting and charming 
 little miss of five years. 
 
 JUDGE JOHN C. CHUMASERO. 
 
 THOUGH a late acquisition to the bar of Chicago, the subject of this sketch 
 is a lawyer of long established standing and reputation. John C. Chumasero 
 removed from New York with his parents to Rochester in 1832. He is descended 
 from an old Dutch family. Being protestants, his ancestors were driven from 
 Spain by the inquisition, during the dark days of the sixteenth century, finding 
 for a time a refuge in Holland, but eventually going to England, whence descend- 
 ants of these heroes of protestantism in its rise emigrated to America. He 
 received his education in the public schools of New York, and at an early age com- 
 menced to seek his own maintenance, entering a business house as clerk, where 
 he remained until he attained the age of eighteen. His parents having moved 
 to Rochester in 1832, and his tastes leaning toward professional life, he aban- 
 doned business pursuits, and entering the office of Bishop and Sampson, began 
 the study of law. He was admitted to ihe bar at Albany, October 8, 1838, and 
 the same day was united in marriage to Miss Tryon, daughter of Moses Tryon, 
 of Hartford, Connecticut. Mr. Chumasero at once started in practice in Roches- 
 ter, forming with a Mr. Bishop a partnership which existed until the death of Mr. 
 Bishop in 1843. In 1844 Mr. Chumasero was elected justice of the peace, which 
 office he held four years. He was alderman of the city of Rochester from 1848 to 
 1850, and was thereafter elected a member of the board of education, and later 
 was appointed master in chancery, which latter appointment he held for four 
 years. In the meantime Judge Chumasero had formed a law partnership with 
 Joseph A. Eastman, and continued in practice until the year before the opening 
 of the civil war. 
 
 After the close of the war Judge Chumasero was appointed county judge of 
 Monroe county, New York, and held office for ten years, and after his retirement 
 from the bench, resumed the practice of his profession, and was referee in many 
 important cases, where as well as on the bench, his decisions were marked by an
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 171 
 
 acute grasping of the salient points in the matters at issue, and a clear and con- 
 cise reasoning. In May 1879, his wife dying, Judge Chumasero removed to Chi- 
 cago, and has been practicing here since then. He is a staunch republican, and 
 was at the head of his party in Monroe county, New York, for many years. 
 
 During the administration of the subject of this sketch, as judge of Monroe 
 county, and while he at the same time occupied the positions of chairman of the 
 war committee and drafting commissioners, in the arduous duties of which he was 
 greatly assisted by the services and patriotic efforts of Hon. Addison Gardiner, 
 lieutenant governor, and subsequently chief-justice of the court of appeals of New 
 York, who was also a member of the war committee. Many thrilling incidents, 
 illustrative of the soul stirring times of the great rebellion, and constituting part 
 of its unwritten history, occurred. It will doubtless be remembered, that during 
 the hottest period of the war, when bands of traitors, under the name of Golden 
 Circles, were established in every northern city, meeting and concocting their 
 nefarious and treasonable plans for the subjugation of the North in darkened 
 rooms at midnight, and by all means within their power, embarrassing the admin- 
 istration, and lending aid and comfort to its enemies, one Andrews, with a band 
 of choice conspirators, had arranged the plan of firing the city of New York, and 
 other northern cities, and laying them in ashes. Rochester was among those 
 marked by the fiendish gang, and included in its destruction was the contem- 
 plated massacre of the most prominent citizens, who were most conspicuously 
 active in the support of the government and the Union. The conspirators met in 
 secret, and marked for death on a scroll the names of their selected victims. 
 Judge Chumasero, who was at that time president of the Union League, had, by 
 by his active measures, officially and otherwise, entitled himself, in the opinions of 
 Andrews and his colleagues, to a high place on the condemned list, and was marked 
 for vengeance. He had in his service at that time an Irish girl as a domestic, 
 who was strongly attached to the family, and proved herself, in this instance par- 
 ticularly, to be a good and faithful servant. This girl happened to have for her 
 sweetheart one who had been thoughtlessly drawn into the conspiracy, and whose 
 humanity and good nature revolted at the crimes he was called upon to partici- 
 pate in, and to her he disclosed the plot. She of course communicated the intelli- 
 gence to the judge, and the whole thing was thus nipped in the bud. About this 
 time, a traitor in the camp disclosed to Judge Chumasero, as president of the 
 Union League, that there was to be a general rising of the supporters of the 
 rebellion in Rochester, which was to involve the slaughter of the obnoxious ones, 
 and the burning of the city. The Union League, at this time, consisted of 
 five hundred members, who met together every evening for purposes of con- 
 sultation, and perfecting themselves in drill and military discipline. They 
 had been engaged in the service for months, and had been fortunate enough to 
 secure as drill master and disciplinarian the noble Captain Gardner, of Fort 
 Sumter fame. Under his tuition and instruction they had become in point of 
 fact a well drilled band of soldiers, well able to cope with any mob, in case neces-
 
 I 72 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 sity might demand it. The occasion fixed upon for the contemplated rising was 
 one evening when Senator Nye, of Nevada, was announced to address the people 
 on the subject of the struggle, and to deliver one of his famous war speeches. The 
 meeting was to be held in the open air, in the court-house yard. The wide spread 
 reputation of the orator, and the intense excitement then prevailing, were expected 
 to draw together an immense assemblage. The plan of the rebel sympathizers 
 was, to mix up with the crowd, and at a given signal commence the riot, while 
 their outside coadjutors were to fire the city at once in different places. The 
 Union League assembled together before the time fixed for the public gathering, 
 and it was resolved that each member, thoroughly armed, should attend the meet- 
 ing as though nothing was known, and without any apparent concert of action 
 but that the moment the court house bell tolled one, which was the signal agreed 
 on, each man should leave the crowd and fall into rank, presenting a band of 
 five hundred well armed, thoroughly drilled men, ready for any emergency, and 
 prepared effectually to dispose of any unorganized mob of twice their number, on 
 the shortest possible notice. But 
 
 " The best laid schemes o' mice and men 
 Gang aft aglee." 
 
 Whether a traitor in our camp, or whether cowardice prevailed in theirs, 01 
 whatever the cause was, we never knew, and all passed off quietly. Nye made a 
 glowing speech, and true patriots imbibed new vigor and enthusiasm on the occa- 
 sion. But it would require a large volume to portray all the thrilling scenes 
 occurring even in Rochester and vicinity during the progress of the terrific strug- 
 gle between treason and the Union, and the foregoing must suffice. 
 
 HENRY McKEY. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a rising Chicago lawyer, and a member of the 
 well known firm of Doolittle and McKey. He was born December 8, 
 1846, and is a son of the late Edward McKey, an enterprising merchant and 
 capable business man of Janesville, Wisconsin. Upon the death of his father, 
 which occurred at the time of Henry's early manhood, the business of settling a 
 large estate was left to his charge, thus giving him large business experience. At 
 an early age, he discharged the duties of his responsible trust with energy and 
 faithfulness, and out of that and numerous other matters many thousands of 
 dollars have passed through his hands by which he has gained the reputation of 
 being a man of strict integrity and rare business talent. He graduated from 
 Racine College in the class of 1867, and received the degree of A. M. from the 
 same college in 1870. He pursued a course of law studies in the law department 
 of the Michigan University, and graduated from that institution in the class of 1869. 
 Five years later, in 1874, he commenced the practice of his profession in Chi- 
 cago, associating himself with Hon. James R. Doolittle and J. R. Doolittle, Jr.,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 173 
 
 both gentlemen of eminence in their profession. Mr. McKey has been employed 
 in the settlement of several very large estates, and gives special attention to real 
 estate and probate law and to chancery practice, in which he is an expert. He 
 has the confidence of all who know him, and is held in high esteem by all of the 
 members of the bar, who are favored with his acquaintance. He is a thorough 
 lawyer, and a man of great industry, and energy of character, which, combined 
 with his keen perception and unqualified integrity, render him a man in whom 
 implicit confidence may be placed. He was married October 25, 1876, to Adella 
 S. Parkhurst, daughter of William S. Parkhurst, an eminent lawyer, late of Rome, 
 New York. 
 
 M. A. DELANY. 
 
 MARTIN A. DfiLANY was born of Irish parentage, October 4, 1844, in New- 
 port township, Lake county, Illinois. His father, John DeLany, came to 
 Chicago in the year 1840, while yet a young man; after working a short time as 
 a laborer on the Illinois and Michigan canal, he went to Lake county, Illinois, 
 then a part of McHenry county, and selected a tract of wild land, which he pur- 
 chased from the United States government, when it came into market. Here he 
 settled, and shortly afterward marrying, with his wife, whose maiden name was 
 Maher, undertook the privations and hardships of a pioneer life, seldom seeing the 
 outside world, except when they visited Chicago, some forty miles distant, for the 
 purpose of securing their family supplies. In this pioneer home grew up a large 
 family of children, of whom Martin A. was the second eldest, and who, as they 
 advanced in years, took part with their parents in the work of clearing and devel- 
 oping the land, by no means a light task. The settlement being new there were 
 no schools; nor were there township or even county organizations, except so far 
 as that territory was considered a part of McHenry county, and Mr. DeLany took 
 an active part in all the preliminary movements which resulted in the creation of 
 Lake county, and in the township and school district organizations. In his house 
 was held the first meeting of settlers for the purpose of building a school house in 
 that neighborhood, a work which was accomplished by voluntary subscriptions of 
 small amounts of money and the joint labor of the people, the building being 
 located on Mr. DeLany's farm some eight miles northwest of the present site of 
 Waukegan, that place being then known as a steamboat landing and called Little 
 Fort. In this school house the subject of this sketch obtained what education he 
 could in the common branches, and at the age of eighteen commenced a course of 
 study at an academy in Waukegan, which, however, he did not complete, as his 
 services were required on the farm. Being of a studious mind he utilized all his 
 spare time at home, eagerly reading all the books within his reach. At the first 
 opportunity he returned to the academy, but soon left it to take charge of a dis- 
 trict school, which he taught during two winter terms, in the meantime reading 
 law from books borrowed from lawyers in Waukegan; after two years reading in
 
 174 THE BENCH A ^ D BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 this way, he in 1866 entered the law department of Michigan University, and pur- 
 sued the full course of study. Graduating in 1868, he went to Chicago, and in 
 the spring of that year was admitted to the bar, after which he tried the practice 
 of law in Elgin and St. Charles. Meeting with little success, he soon returned to 
 Chicago, and opened an office on Dearborn street where he remained but a short 
 time. His means being exhausted, he again resorted to teaching, this time at 
 Libertyville, in Lake county, during the winter of 1868-69. In May following he 
 returned to Chicago, and opened a law office, firmly determined to succeed. In 
 the great fire of October, 1871, he suffered the loss of all his personal effects, but 
 immediately after the fire reopened business, and up to the present time has been 
 very successful, his practice being chiefly in probate, commercial and real estate 
 law, and the law of contracts. 
 
 In 1876 Mr. DeLany was elected to the Illinois state senate, from the sixth 
 senatorial district, North Chicago, and served in that body during the sessions of 
 the 3<Dth and 3ist general assemblies, being active as a democrat in the memora- 
 ble struggle, which resulted in the election of Hon. David Davis to the United 
 States Senate. He also took a prominent part in the passage of the laws estab- 
 lishing the appellate courts in Illinois; and, besides being the author of the act 
 creating the probate court, was chiefly instrumental in securing its passage. 
 
 He was in 1879 appointed a member of the Chicago board of education, and 
 after one year's service in that body, was elected its president, and at the expira- 
 tion of one term of office was unanimously reflected to the same position. Dur- 
 ing his term as a member of the board of education he was active in advocating 
 all measures tending to the welfare of the public schools of the city, and a leading 
 spirit in the movement which resulted in the election of Mr. George Howland as 
 superintendent of schools in 1880. He is also a member of the Chicago bar 
 association. As a lawyer he is faithful to his clients, and in all his dealings sus- 
 tains the dignity and honor of his profession. Mr. DeLany was married in De- 
 cember of 1870, to Miss Kate Wetzel, daughter of Nicholas Wetzel, of Waukegan, 
 by whom he has three daughters. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church. 
 
 COL. DAVID QUIGG. 
 
 DAVID QUIGG was born in Litchfield, New Hampshire, December 17, 1834. 
 His father was a farmer. He commenced his preparatory studies at the 
 age of thirteen, and three years later entered Dartmouth College and graduated 
 in the class of 1855. He soon afterward removed to the West, and studied law in 
 the office of Swett and Orme at Bloomington, Illinois, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1857. At the opening of the war of the rebellion he enlisted in the 4th 
 111. Cavalry, serving as second lieutenant until the summer of 1862, when he 
 was made major of the i4th 111. Cavalry, of which regiment he subsequently 
 became lieutenant-colonel, and with which he remained until the close of the war,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 175 
 
 being mustered out of the service in July, 1865. Settling in Chicago, he became 
 a partner in the law firm of Higgins, Swett and Quigg, and remained in that 
 connection until 1873, when Mr. Higgins retired and the firm was dissolved. 
 Mr. Quigg then formed a partnership with Cyrus Bentley, which continued 
 until 1877. In 1878 he formed a partnership with Col. Richard S. Tuthill, which 
 continues to the present time (1883). 
 
 His army service was mainly in Tennessee. He was seven months a prisoner 
 of war, held in Charleston and Columbus, South Carolina. 
 
 As a lawyer he ranks high, and has a large and lucrative practice. 
 
 MAJOR LUMLEY INGLEDEW. 
 
 EMLEY INGLEDEW was born in Bradford, England, November 28, 1837, 
 on the father's side of Scotch, on the mother's English, extraction. When 
 he was eight years of age his parents came to this country and settled in West 
 Troy, Walworth county, Wisconsin, engaging in farming. He worked on the 
 farm until sixteen years of age, when he determined to obtain a better education 
 than the schools in that vicinity afforded, and went to Milton (Wisconsin) College, 
 where he graduated in 1861, working his way through college by teaching win- 
 ters. Thence he went to Janesville, Wisconsin, and commenced the study of law, 
 and was in the offices of the late Judge H. S. Conger and of Henry K. Whiton, 
 after which, in 1863, he was examined and admitted to the bar in Madison. During 
 the same year he was commissioned by President Lincoln commissary of subsis- 
 tance, with rank of captain, and assigned to duty in the Army of the Cumberland, 
 where he remained during the war, with the exception of nine months when he 
 was prisoner of war under circumstances which would try the metal of any man. 
 During three months of this time he was one of the six hundred Union officers in 
 Charleston, South Carolina, who were placed by the confederate authorities, in 
 buildings exposed to the fire of our own batteries, a stratagem resorted to by them 
 for the purpose of deterring our batteries from opening fire on them, knowing the 
 buildings to be occupied by their comrades. This was during the siege and bom- 
 bardment of Charleston by the Union army. He was subsequently promoted by 
 Mr. Lincoln to the rank of brevet major in the same branch of the service, in 
 which he made an honorable and creditable record. He was mustered out in the 
 fall of 1865, when he removed to Chicago, took a course in book-keeping in the 
 Eastman Business College, and was subsequently principal of book-keeping and 
 commercial law in that institution for eighteen months. In 1867 he engaged in 
 the real estate and law business in Chicago, and has been so engaged since, doing 
 an extensive business. He has won the confidence and regard of those who have 
 had dealings with him, and established a reputation for honorable dealing, and 
 won the respect of all as being a reliable and trustworthy gentleman. He has 
 won this success by his quiet industry, energy, careful habits and application to 
 business.
 
 176 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 In April, 1866, he married Ella E. Wheeler, then a teacher in the Janesville, 
 Wisconsin, high school. While in Janesville he was one of the originators and 
 promoters of the young men's literary society, and took an interest in whatever 
 tended to improve and elevate. 
 
 SIMEON W. KING. 
 
 THE life history of him whose name heads this sketch, while possessing many 
 points in common with that of every self-made man, has yet many charac- 
 teristics peculiarly its own, and fairly illustrates what may be achieved by hard 
 work in the prosecution of a determined and persistent purpose. 
 
 His parents, Hiram Rogers King and Deborah (Woodrow) King, who were 
 highly esteemed members of the Society of Friends, at the time of their marriage 
 settled on a section of land in Penn township, Morgan county, Ohio, which the 
 grandfather of our subject had given to his children, and which is still known as 
 King's Section. Here Simeon was born, August 18, 1838. Both his paternal 
 and maternal ancestors were descended from William Penn's colony, and all 
 belonged to the Society of Friends. In this society Mr. King still retains his 
 birthright, although early in life he identified himself with the Methodist Episco- 
 pal church. When with Quakers he speaks their plain language, but when absent 
 from them no one would suspect that he had ever seen a Friend. Aside from our 
 subject, there were in the family two brothers and five sisters. The former, 
 William Thomas and Hiram R., enlisted in their country's service in the early 
 part of the war of the rebellion, one in the yth Maryland, and the other in the 
 i goth Pennsylvania " Bucktail " regiment. Both were captured at Weldon Cross 
 Roads, Virginia, whence they were taken to Belle Island and Libby prisons, and 
 then to Andersonville prison, Georgia, of infamous memory, where William 
 perished of starvation. Hiram was subsequently removed to Florence, Alabama, 
 and there suffered the same unhappy fate, thus leaving Mr. King the only sur- 
 viving brother. 
 
 When Simeon was about five years old his father engaged in an extensive 
 speculation in peaches, which ultimately caused his pecuniary ruin, owing to 
 which misfortune the family was broken up and scattered, our subject being put 
 in charge of his grandmother King, who lived at Little Britton, Pennsylvania. 
 Two years later he was virtually cast upon his own resources, being put out to 
 work for one Nathan Blake, a farmer, with whom he lived two years, attending 
 school a part of the time. During the next three years he lived with an uncle on 
 a farm, where he was privileged to spend a portion of the winter season in school. 
 He was now twelve years old ; and with a thirst for knowledge, and an ambition 
 to push his way in the world, he sought employment that would bring him some 
 pecuniary compensation. With this purpose in view he went to work for Mr. 
 Edwin Haines, at Rising Sun, Cecil county, Maryland, also a farmer, receiving
 
 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. I 79 
 
 a year and his board, and buying his own clothes. He was thus em- 
 ployed three years, and during that time attended school about three weeks 
 of each winter, paying his own tuition. The dull monotony of such a life was 
 wholly unsuited to his tastes, and finding in it little opportunity for acquiring an 
 education, which he felt he must have at any sacrifice, he resolved to abandon it. 
 Making known to his employer his decision, he received the small sum of money 
 that was due him, viz., $30, and with his little bundle, containing all his earthly 
 possessions, on his back, he set out barefooted and ragged for Wilmington, Dela- 
 ware, some thirty miles distant. There he found employment during the summer, 
 and in the fall entered the academy of T. Clarkson Taylor, a Friends School, 
 where he spent two years, making rapid and permanent progress in his studies, 
 and working for his board out of school hours. It was while here that he first 
 determined to enter the legal profession, the desire to do so being awakened by 
 listening to an eloquent address, delivered in a criminal case, by Hon. David Paul 
 Brown, a celebrated lawyer of Philadelphia. With the hope of bettering his con- 
 dition, and the determination to gratify this desire, young King, at the age of 
 seventeen years, now started for the West, arriving in Chicago October 19, 
 1855, with sixteen dollars in his pocket. In his search for employment his money 
 became exhausted, and in addition he had contracted a board bill of $70, for 
 which his note was accepted. He finally secured a temporary situation in 
 the grocery house of George C. Cook and Company, and afterward was given 
 employment in a planing mill, by a friend, Isaac P. Pointer, more from sympathy 
 than anything else, at seventy-five cents per day, from which he was able, after 
 paying his board, to save one dollar per week. Thus he struggled and met his 
 obligation, with interest. In the midst of all he kept up a brave heart, never 
 for an instant relinquishing his purpose to prepare himself for the legal profes- 
 sion. Previous to this he frequently visited a free soup-house, then situated 
 where now stands Marshall Field and Company's wholesale dry-goods house, and 
 was only too glad to enjoy that privilege. Soon afterward he obtained a position 
 as clerk in the office of Wilsee Brothers, sewer contractors, in addition to which 
 he, in the following winter, with Rev. Robert Collyer and Miss Linda Gilbert, 
 taught an evening school held under the auspices of the ministry at large. 
 At this time he was borrowing law-books, reading the same and returning them 
 with thanks. In the spring following he secured the privilege of studying six 
 months in the office of a lawyer, but not admiring the manner in which he did 
 business, left him, and soon after formed the acquaintance of William James, then 
 coroner of Cook county, whom he found a true and sympathizing friend, and 
 now mourns his recent death. 
 
 Although too young, Mr. King, at the time the Lady Elgin was wrecked on 
 Lake Michigan, involving the loss of hundreds of lives, was chosen by his late 
 friend as one of the coroner's jury. The investigation lasted two weeks, and the 
 compensation which he received for these sad services really gave him his start in 
 life. He next secured a position, with a small salary, in the law office of Good- 
 '9
 
 l8o THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 rich, Farwell and Smith, with whom he remained four years, occasionally attend- 
 ing lectures at the Union Law College, and after passing a very creditable 
 examination by the committee appointed for that purpose, April 4, 1863, was 
 admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Illinois, and likewise was admitted 
 to practice in the United States courts. 
 
 During Mr. King's struggles with poverty, it may be added that he kept his 
 purposes a secret from his relatives at the East, and when the news of his admis- 
 sion to the bar and his subsequent appointment to office reached them, it found 
 at first somewhat incredulous listeners, they saying, " It is only one of his jokes," 
 but pleased with his success, and rejoicing with him to know that he was try- 
 ing, under such adverse circumstances, to make himself a name. 
 
 In the summer of 1864, by the death of Col. John A. Bross, a vacancy occurred, 
 and through the kindness and influence of his preceptors, Goodrich, Farwell and 
 Smith, Mr. King was appointed by Judge Thomas Drummond United States 
 commissioner for the northern district of Illinois, being as was then stated, the 
 youngest man ever appointed to that office. As an evidence of his fitness for this 
 position, it need only be said that he still holds the office. He is, besides, com- 
 missioner of deeds for every state and territory in the Union, commissioner for 
 the United States court of claims at Washington, District of Columbia, United 
 States passport officer at Chicago, and notary public. On November 20, 1882, 
 Mr. King was selected as a commissioner of the court of commissioners of 
 Alabama claims, a responsible office to which is attached great discretionary 
 power, and on December 23, following, was appointed by President Arthur, unso- 
 licited, commissioner of deeds for the District of Columbia, at Chicago, Illinois. 
 
 During the war of the rebellion, Mr. King, as notary, swore into the United 
 States service, without compensation, company after company with a "God bless 
 you," while others insisted on having their pay. He was not able to enter the 
 service himself, owing to his father and mother having departed this life and 
 leaving a sacred duty devolving upon him, that of caring as best he could with 
 the scanty means at hand for those wholly dependent upon him for support; but, 
 although there was no draft in his ward, he employed, paid for and sent to the 
 front a worthy representative, who was killed in the battle of the Wilderness. 
 He, himself, while a student, in 1862, spent several weeks caring for the wounded 
 after the terrible battle of Shiloh, and for his commendable service was appointed 
 by Gov. Richard Yates a member of his staff. In politics he is a firm and uncom- 
 promising republican, and ever since he has been a voter has taken an active 
 interest in the affairs of that party. In this, as in every other department of work 
 to which he has been called, his abhorrence of shams and pretenses, together with 
 his loyalty to principle, have secured to him the highest esteem and admiration 
 of his fellow citizens, who have rewarded him with many offices of public trust. 
 The first elective office which he was called to fill was that of assistant supervisor 
 of the town of South Chicago, which under the then law made him a member of 
 the board of supervisors of Cook county. This was in 1866. In the following
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. l8l 
 
 year he was reelected to the same office, and by the board of supervisors selected 
 county attorney. In the fall of 1869 he was elected supervisor of the town of 
 South Chicago, and became president of the board of auditors and treasurer of 
 the town funds. He was also made chairman of the judiciary committee of the 
 old county board of supervisors, and again chosen county attorney, filling that 
 office three terms in all, of one year each. Mr. King has also served as clerk of 
 the town of South Chicago, and besides has received from his party, unsolicited, 
 the nomination for representative in the state legislature, and other honorable 
 offices, which he declined. 
 
 While Mr. King was serving in the county board he rendered valuable service 
 toward organizing and perfecting the normal school system of Cook county, he 
 being one of its first advocates and earnest supporters at a time when the project 
 was not looked upon with general favor, but was frequently denounced by the 
 press as being, in a manner, worthless and too expensive; but after much conten- 
 tion and labor in the interest of education, this important educational system was 
 first established at Blue Island, and afterward at Englewood, where the school 
 and its management now reflect honor upon Cook county, and also speak well 
 for those who had the foresight to establish such an institution for the benefit 
 of the young, irrespective of sex, who may be desirous of becoming thorough 
 teachers. 
 
 A leading characteristic of our subject is his thought and care for others, and 
 it must be said, to his honor, that while yet struggling with poverty, and after he 
 had established himself in business, his care for his sisters prompted him to 
 gather them together, educate them, and provide for their wants, one of them 
 Mary, an idolized sister, being for fifteen years bed-ridden and a helpless invalid; 
 after those long and weary years of great suffering borne with Christian fortitude 
 and faith, she has but recently passed to her reward, in the blessed hope of an 
 immortality and lasting peace, where pain and sorrow come not, and death is 
 unknown ; yet her brother has not become reconciled to his loss, so deeply was 
 and is the attachment for this loved one. He is a man of high social attainments 
 and generous impulses, and in his professional or official capacity, prompt, ener- 
 getic, conscientious and careful. 
 
 Prior to the great fire of 1871, Mr. King had accumulated a handsome prop- 
 erty, but came out of that dire calamity with nothing, save his fair reputation. 
 His own life was providentially saved at the time of the fire; but for an un- 
 accountable impulse to spend the night with friends in another portion of the 
 city, he certainly would have perished in that awful conflagration, it being then 
 his unbroken custom to sleep over his office, in furnished apartments he had for 
 years occupied. The building in which were his rooms was destroyed early on 
 that memorable morning of October 9, and lives lost. One of the earliest tele- 
 grams that left the city that day for the East was the following, sent by Mr. King 
 to his sisters : "Lost all, but saved." He afterward made favorable investments 
 in real estate, and was on the eve of retrieving his losses, when the financial crisis
 
 1 82 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 of 1873 involved him, the second time, in the loss of all he possessed. In addition 
 to his other misfortunes, he was, in 1876, made the object of a dastardly and 
 unprovoked assault which so impaired his health that for several years he was 
 unable to attend to his business, and from the effects of which he has but very 
 recently fully recovered. 
 
 Mr. King is a man of indomitable will; whatever he does is prompted by the 
 most conscientious motives, and having well considered and entered upon the 
 prosecution of any plan or purpose, nothing can change or swerve him. He began 
 life with nothing save his own native talents, and by honest, persistent and 
 unaided effort, has risen to an honest position in business, political and social 
 circles. 
 
 COL. LOREN H. WHITNEY. 
 
 T OREN H. WHITNEY, an attorney at the Chicago bar, was born in Berlin, 
 J ^ Erie county, Ohio, September 12, 1839, the oldest son of James W. Whit- 
 ney who came from Yates county, New York, and settled in Berlin in 1825, 
 and married Miss Betsey Harper, a young lady of fine natural abilities, a relative 
 of the famous Harper Brothers, New York. In 1848 the family moved to DeKalb 
 county, Illinois, where Loren H. received his early education, until he was about 
 sixteen years of age, when, lured by the glowing representations made of the 
 attractions and advantages of Mississippi, he joined a number of young men in 
 his neighborhood in a resolution to go to that state and seek a fortune, but when 
 the time came all changed their purpose excepting young Whitney, who started 
 on foot with staff and carpet bag alone, with but $1.75 in his pocket. His father 
 refused him assistance, hoping to deter him from going, but he was not " made 
 of the stuff that yields " when he had once formed a purpose. In two and a half 
 days he walked to Peru, seventy miles from home, and after paying for a meal 
 he balanced his cash account and found but ten cents in his favor; something 
 had to be done in the emergency. He offered his services to the engineer of a 
 little steamer lying at the wharf, and about to move out; he represented that he 
 could do anything and everything, and was engaged as a boy of all work, with 
 the stipulation that he would be paid whatever his services were considered 
 worth; continued in this employ five weeks and was paid $28 and promised $50 
 per month to continue, but declined the offer and went to Bolivar county, Mis- 
 sissippi, where he passed the winter. He contracted with a planter to throw up a 
 levee on the banks of the Mississippi river and made a handsome amount of 
 money on his contract perhaps the youngest contractor on record; this indi- 
 cated his independent and self-reliant nature. He went to California in 1855 with 
 a company of gold hunters, across the plains, and there worked a gold mine and 
 made money enough to enable him to return and complete a college course, 
 which was the object of his young ambition completing a four years' course in 
 two years. He was a bright and apt student, always among the foremost in his
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 183 
 
 class. He then entered the law office of the late Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, Belvi- 
 dere, Illinois, and subsequently attended Asbury University, Indiana, and still later 
 was admitted to the bar, the committee which examined him complimenting him 
 highly on his proficiency, though he had read law but one year. When the war 
 broke out he was engaged in practice, but entered the army as captain in the 8th 
 111. Cavalry, one of the best regiments in the Army of the Potomac, a fact largely 
 due to his exertions. When McClellan advanced on Manassas, Capt. Whitney, at 
 the head of Sumner's Cavalry, led the way. While sitting on one of the Quaker 
 cannons at Manassas he conceived the idea of writing for the press, but before 
 an hour's thought, concluded to write a full history of the war and carried this 
 purpose into execution and his first volume was published in 1863. He served 
 with valor and bravery in the Peninsular campaign and in the battles around 
 Richmond, and was offered the position of major on Gen. Sumner's staff, but 
 declined, to accept an offer of colonelcy, as he understood, of one of the new 
 regiments of this state; but when he returned, it proved to be a lieutenant colo- 
 nelcy that was intended, and he declined it, but was instrumental afterward in 
 organizing two more regiments, which went to the field. During this time he 
 wrote and published the first volume of his history of the war of the rebellion, 
 a work which will compare favorably with the best of the many histories of the 
 great conflict. It is a clear setting forth of the inciting causes and philosophy of 
 the rebellion, and an accurate and full history of the facts and incidents attending 
 its prosecution and culmination. Gov. Yates requested him to organize another 
 regiment of infantry, which he did in three weeks' time, and, being made its 
 colonel, led it to .the front in Mississippi. In 1864 he was put in command of a 
 force sent out to intercept and drive away Gen. Forrest, who, at the head of a 
 large force of cavalry, was committing depredations on our railroad and tele- 
 graph lines, and destroying our communications, and Col. Whitney was not 
 defeated in a single contest with the noted rebel chieftain, though he had many 
 fights and skirmishes, and succeeded in driving him away. From there he went 
 to Missouri with his command and was engaged against Gen. Price in 1864. 
 During his service, he participated in twelve great battles and forty skirmishes, 
 and was wounded twice. As an evidence of the appreciation of his bravery and 
 of the estimate in which he was held as an officer and man, his officers and men 
 presented him with an elegant sword, case of pistols and a field glass, the sword, 
 blood-stained, is still retained as a reminder of the great conflict. 
 
 When returning from Washington in 1866, where he had been to settle his 
 accounts, he became acquainted with Miss Mary Munson, who was on her way 
 home from college, and a year later married her. After leaving the service he 
 settled at Chicago in the practice of his profession and has been successful, stand- 
 ing well at the bar as an honorable and faithful attorney and counselor. In 
 1875, on account of his wife's health, he went to Topeka, Kansas, and while there 
 wrote a compendium of Kansas Reports, making an octavo volume of 900 pages, 
 which added to his reputation as an able and thorough lawyer. He was solicited
 
 184 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 to run for congress while there, but declined. He returned to Chicago in 1877 
 and resumed the practice of law and is now so engaged. He is a stalwart repub- 
 lican, a fluent, ready, graceful and forcible speaker, and his voice is heard in 
 advocacy of the principles and platform of that party in all important campaigns. 
 He has a commanding presence, is six feet two inches in height the regulation 
 height of a genuine Buckeye and is one who, even on first sight, leaves the 
 impression of being more than an ordinary man in all respects. He stands well 
 in the community and has the confidence and esteem of all who know him 
 intimately. 
 
 In July, 1882, he presided at the Cook county convention which elected dele- 
 gates to the republican state convention, and was the following fall nominated 
 for the legislature from the twelfth ward, but declined to be a candidate, 
 although he received the largest majority of any one ever nominated in that 
 ward. He is yet a young man, but his life work up to the present time, so far as 
 it is known and read of men, is to his credit. 
 
 ADOLPH MOSES. 
 
 ADOLPH MOSES was born February 27, 1837, in Speyer, the capital of the 
 Palatinate, Germany. He attended the public and Latin schools of his 
 native city, until he immigrated to the United States, October 19, 1852, arriv- 
 ing at New Orleans, Louisiana. Following the wish of his father, he intended to 
 fit himself in his native country for the bar, but the disabilities prevailing against 
 Israelites, were the moving cause for his emigration to America. After following 
 the occupation of bookkeeping in Clinton, Louisiana, Mr. Moses felt an awaken- 
 ing inclination to fit himself for the practice of jurisprudence, and for that pur- 
 pose entered the law office of Francis W. Kernan, prominent at the Clinton bar, 
 where he progressed far enough to enter the Louisiana University at New 
 Orleans, where he finished his legal education under Randall Hunt, Christian 
 Roselius and McCaleb, graduating in the month of March, 1861. He was finally 
 admitted to the bar, by the supreme court of Louisiana, presided over by Chief 
 Justice Merrick. During the presidential election of 1860, Mr. Moses took an 
 active interest in behalf of Judge Douglas, and voted with the minority of 7,000, 
 headed by Pierre Soule, ex-senator of the United States. Like all Southerners, 
 Mr. Moses was drawn into the civil war, and served a time as an officer in the 
 2ist La. regiment, but came north in 1863, and settled in Quincy, Illinois, where 
 he resumed the practice of his profession. In 1869 he removed to Chicago, and 
 engaged in an active and successful general practice. 
 
 Mr. Moses is a prominent member of the Chicago Bar Association, and has 
 been diligent in the prosecution of irregular members of the bar before the 
 supreme court of Illinois, and has always stood up for a proper esprit de corps 
 among the fraternity. Mr. Moses evinces a strong interest in the welfare of his
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 185 
 
 profession, and is ardently devoted thereto, paying attention to the progress of 
 jurisprudence, being a great reader of legal literature. 
 
 Mr. Moses has never held a political office, but holds at present a directorship 
 in the Chicago Public Library. His acceptance of this position, and his devotion 
 to its duties, furnish added proofs of the public-spiritedness which has marked 
 his entire career in Chicago. He is an active member of several benevolent soci- 
 eties, and has done much for the advancement of music and the arts. The Beet- 
 hoven Society in particular has found in him an ardent promoter and participant. 
 Several public addresses delivered by Mr. Moses have produced a favorable 
 impression of his literary and oratorical powers. 
 
 Mr. Moses has an extended acquaintance among the various nationalities in 
 Chicago, his familiarity with the leading foreign languages having become well 
 known. The supreme and appellate court reports of this state show that Mr. 
 Moses has long been a diligent and successful practitioner in cases, frequently of 
 considerable interest and importance. He also practices in the Supreme Court of 
 the United States, having been admitted to that court some years ago. Many 
 creditable briefs and arguments have been filed by him in all these courts, some 
 of which are among the collection preserved in the library of the Chicago Law 
 Institute, of which body Mr. Moses is a member. 
 
 While the bankruptcy law was in operation he had an extensive practice in 
 the United States courts in that department, and it was generally conceded that 
 no member of the Chicago bar was more familiar with the administration of that 
 branch of the law in all its details. Although not restricted in the range of his 
 practice, which is general and miscellaneous, Mr. Moses notably excels on ques- 
 tions of commercial law and court practice. 
 
 In the contests of the forum he is courteous and candid, more ready to sacri- 
 fice some measure of his own right than to take any unfair or questionable 
 advantage of his adversary. The bent of his mind is analytical and critical. 
 
 HON. JOSEPH EMERSON SMITH. 
 
 JOSEPH EMERSON SMITH was born in Augusta, Maine, in March, 1835; 
 was the son of ex-Governor Samuel E. Smith. He graduated at Bowdoin 
 College, in 1854, read law with Henry Ingalls, of Wiscasset, and after he was 
 admitted to the bar became a partner with him in 1857. He was collector of 
 customs of the port of Wiscasset in 1858-9. While holding this position he built, 
 or supervised the building of the custom-house there, for which he received 
 special credit for his faithfulness and efficiency in caring for the interests of the 
 public. In 1864 he was one of the delegates from the third district of Maine 
 to the national democratic convention in Chicago, which nominated Gen. Mc- 
 Clellan for the presidency, and represented the state on the committee to notify 
 him of his nomination. He sprang from a distinguished ancestry, and was a
 
 1 86 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 prominent man in Maine. In 1869 he removed to Chicago and formed a partner- 
 ship in the practice of law with his cousin, Hon. Melville W. Fuller, which 
 became one of the prominent and successful law firms of Chicago. In 1876 he 
 was elected to the legislature of Illinois, and served his constituents to their sat- 
 isfaction. While in the legislature he originated, introduced and carried through 
 the bill appropriating $50,000 to build a monument to his distinguished friend, 
 Stephen A. Douglas, to whose interests and success he was devoted when that 
 statesman was alive. Through Mr. Smith's persistent efforts and direct super- 
 vision this monument has been erected. Again he was candidate for judge of 
 the county court the nomination having been urged upon him. He was, at 
 the time of his death, jury commissioner of the federal courts for the northern 
 district of Illinois. Mr. Smith was married three times; his first wife was the 
 daughter of William Cooper, of Pittston, Maine, a well known shipbuilder; his 
 second, a daughter of John Babson, of Wiscasset, now of' Boston, by whom he 
 had three children; his third wife, and now widow an accomplished woman 
 whom he married in 1877 is a daughter of Col. W. W. Bowie, of Baltimore, 
 and a niece of the noted Gov. Bowie, of Maryland. He had an interesting 
 family and a beautiful home on the south side of the city. The widow and two 
 children survive him. 
 
 Mr. Smith died suddenly June 16, 1881. He was a man held in high esteem, 
 and his death was universally regretted. He was a genial and whole-souled com- 
 panion, an excellent lawyer and a good citizen. 
 
 WILLIAM S. FORREST. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a native of Baltimore, Maryland, and was 
 born July 9, 1852. As a boy he was energetic and industrious, fond of 
 study, and among his companions a leader in their boyish sports. His native 
 tastes inclined him toward the legal profession, and early in life he determined to 
 prepare himself for its duties. After a careful and thorough preparation, William 
 entered the freshman class of Dartmouth College, in New Hampshire, where he 
 pursued the regular classical course, of study, and graduated with the class of 
 1875. In college he was popular among his fellow-students, ranked high as a 
 scholar, and was honored with an election to the Psi Upsilon Fraternity. 
 
 Soon after leaving college he began reading law in the office of Gaston, 
 Field and Jewell, of Boston, Massachusetts, whence in 1878 he removed to 
 Chicago, where, in October of the same year, he was admitted to the bar of Illi- 
 nois. Although his professional career may be said to have only begun, Mr. 
 Forrest has already attained a wide and worthy reputation at the Chicago bar. 
 He has a clear, logical and judicial mind, and is a forcible and eloquent 
 speaker. Although well versed in the various branches of American jurispru- 
 dence, and thoroughly qualified and eminently successful in the general practice
 
 EGW.Uii-i-l
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 189 
 
 of his profession, he has devoted his special attention to the study and practice 
 of criminal law, and achieved, as the result of his efforts, a most satisfactory 
 success. In this practice he has been called to defend men charged with almost 
 every crime known to the law, and has carried to the supreme court of the state 
 many cases that have been remanded for a new trial. Among the more impor- 
 tant cases with which he has been identified as attorney may be mentioned that 
 of The People vs. Charles Schank. This man was indicted for the killing of 
 Fredrick Kandzia. The defense, which was interposed, and upon which the 
 defendant was fully acquitted, was that the deceased came to his death not by 
 the dagger of Schank, but by the malpractice of the surgeon after the stabbing. 
 Another case exciting public attention was that of The People vs. Wing Lee, a 
 Chinaman. Upon the trial of this case a plea of self-defense was interposed, and 
 the jury, standing eight for acquittal and four for conviction, were discharged in 
 the absence of the defendant, Wing Lee being at the time of their discharge a 
 prisoner in the custody of the sheriff. When the case was again called for trial a 
 plea of former jeopardy was interposed and sustained by the court, on the ground 
 that the jury was illegally discharged and the trial unlawfully ended. Wing Lee 
 was discharged. Mr. Forrest was also one of the attorneys for Mrs. Ada Roberts, 
 on her application for discharge, under a writ of habeas corpus, from the insane 
 asylum where she had been confined two years, having been adjudged insane and 
 sent thither by the jury upon her trial for the killing of Theodore Webber. But 
 a case which attracted perhaps as much public attention as any on the criminal 
 calendar of Illinois was that of The People vs. John Lamb, who was indicted for 
 burglary and for the murder of Albert Race, a member of the Chicago police 
 force. Mr. Forrest was Lamb's attorney from the time of his arrest until his final 
 acquittal, a period of three years. Lamb was first tried for murder, and con- 
 victed and sentenced to be hanged, but upon appeal to the supreme court the 
 case was remanded for a new trial. Lamb was subsequently tried for burglary, 
 and acquitted. He was then tried a second time for murder, and acquitted. The 
 prosecution in these cases was most vigorous and relentless. Public opinion was 
 wrought up, a general belief prevailing that Lamb was the real murderer. A 
 cloud of witnesses appeared for the state, two testifying that Lamb was the man 
 who actually fired the fatal shot, one of them being an accomplice. Lamb him- 
 self had been known to the detectives of the Northwest as a notorious character 
 for twenty years. 
 
 The case has a special interest to lawyers, from the fact that in their decision 
 the supreme court passed fully and fairly on the extent of the liability of a con- 
 spirator for the acts of a co-conspirator. 
 
 Mr. Forrest is now in the full vigor and strength of manhood, and, with his 
 present achievements, may hopefully look to the future. Untiring in his efforts, 
 and zealous in all his undertakings, he cannot but attain a first rank in his chosen 
 profession. He is a member of the masonic fraternity, and in politics adheres to 
 the principles of the democratic party. He was married at Chicago, April 17, 
 20
 
 i go 
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO 
 
 1879, to Miss Elizabeth Whitney, of Boston, Massachusetts, and daughter of the 
 late Melvin Whitney, for many years a prominent merchant in New York city. 
 
 Mr. Forrest is a man of fine social and personal qualities, and is known among 
 his friends as a genial companion. He is domestic in his tastes, and with his 
 native fondness for study and literary culture, finds in his own home the most 
 pleasant and agreeable respite from his professional cares. 
 
 CORNELIUS VAN SCHAACK. 
 
 /CORNELIUS VAN SCHAACK is a member of one of the old Knickerbocker 
 V^^ families, and is the youngest son of Hon. Henry Cruger Van Schaack, one 
 of the oldest and most distinguished lawyers in New York, having been in prac- 
 tice sixty years. He is also a grandson of Hon. Peter Van Schaack, LL.D., one 
 of the most distinguished jurists this country has ever produced, and of whom 
 the Chicago "Legal News" of March 4, 1882, thus speaks: 
 
 "The statutes of New York were revised but once before the revolution, and 
 Peter Van Schaack was appointed sole revisor of the same. The revised laws of 
 Van Schaack were published in 1775, in two portly folios. A copy of the work, 
 with the signature of Van Schaack on the title page, in the law library of Hon. 
 Aaron J. Vanderpoel of New York city, is justly prized by him, for it was inherited 
 by his wife from her grandfather, the revisor. Peter Van Schaack was a remark- 
 able man, a learned and profound lawyer, an accomplished scholar, and is one of 
 the worthies of New York legal history. While temporarily residing in London, 
 he was designated by the attendants at his lodgings as 'the gentleman with a 
 hard name.' 
 
 "He was born in March 1747. At the age of fifteen years, he entered the 
 Freshman class of King's (now Columbia) College, in the city of New York. It 
 was there he formed an interesting and valuable acquaintance with John Jay, 
 Egbert Benson, Richard Harrison, Gouverneur Morris, Robert R. Livingston, and 
 many other illustrious men, whose enviable reputations now constitute the richest 
 property of their country. Between the four first named individuals and the 
 subject of this sketch, the greatest intimacy existed, and an uninterrupted friend- 
 ship continued through life. 
 
 "As an illustration of Mr. Van Schaack's friendship with Gov. Jay, the first 
 chief-justice of the United States, no better evidence can be given than Jay's own 
 letter penned at Paris, in 1782. It was while the latter was engaged on his mis- 
 sion as one of the five commissioners to negotiate peace with Great Britain, and 
 while the former was, with heroic fortitude, suffering from the fear of total blind- 
 ness that constantly stared him in the face, that Jay wrote his old college chum: 
 'While I have a loaf, you and your children may freely partake of it. Don't let 
 this idea hurt you. If your circumstances are easy, I rejoice ; if not, let me take 
 off their rougher edges.' Mr. Van Schaack's 'circumstances were easy,' but Mr.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 19! 
 
 Jay had good reason to think otherwise, and it is certainly a rare instance of ele- 
 vated and disinterested friendship. 
 
 " Mr. Van Schaack survived his old friend three years, and Mr. Jay's epitaph 
 fell from the blind man's lip. While at college he received several premiums for 
 scholarship, and ranked first in his class, and sixty years after his graduation the 
 following toast was drunk at the anniversary meeting of the alumni of his alma 
 mater, and which deserves to be mentioned for its appropriateness and classic 
 beauty: 'Peter Van Schaack, admired for his knowledge of the law, and for his 
 classical attainments, and beloved for the virtues which adorn our nature. Quis 
 jure peritior, quis virtute prcestantior ? ' 
 
 "At the January term, 1769, of the New York supreme court, after a shorter 
 period of study than was required by the strict rules of court, he was licensed to 
 practice as an attorney. It was considered a very remarkable circumstance at 
 the time, that three young gentlemen should have been admitted to the bar at 
 one term. In November, 1770, the lawyers in the city of New York formed an 
 association called The Moot, at which disputed points of law were formally 
 debated for their mutual improvement. In these discussions, which were con- 
 ducted with great regularity and order, the subject of this sketch took a conspic- 
 uous part, and to him was intrusted the keeping of their records. Some of these 
 are still preserved, and are matters of curious reference for a modern lawyer. 
 
 " The deliberations of the club were rendered highly useful by the regular 
 attendance of the elder members of the bar, who participated in the debates upon 
 a footing of perfect equality with their juniors. And the names of those veteran 
 lawyers, William Smith, Samuel Jones, John M. Scott, Richard Morris, William 
 Livingston and Benjamin Kissam (not to specify others) need but be mentioned 
 to prove that the debates in which they participated, could not have been barren 
 of legal sagacity, or of profound research into the hidden wisdom of the common 
 law. Among the junior members we find the names of John Jay, Egbert Benson, 
 Robert R. Livingston, Jr., James Duane, Gouverneur Morris and Peter Van Schaack. 
 
 " The decisions made upon these debates acquired great authority, and the 
 law on several points in particular, which had been thus discussed and decided, 
 was considered as settled by the bar generally, and The Moot almost acquired the 
 authority of a court of the last resort. 
 
 "At an early period, Mr. Van Schaack gave evident proof that he was destined 
 to become a profound lawyer. His ideas of business, and of the proper manner 
 of doing it, were distinguished for precision and accuracy from the commence- 
 ment of his professional career. In writing to a brother of the profession, he thus 
 rebukes the carelessness of his friend: 'Permit me to observe that the deed 
 drawn in your office was rather slovenly copied, and by its many alterations 
 afterward looked rather out of the way. There was, besides, in several parts of 
 it an etc., which I cannot think proper, as it is merely nugatory, and cannot, I 
 think, make the deed better than it would otherwise be. Excuse the freedom of 
 these hints, but we cannot be too attentive to matters of this kind. A lawyer's
 
 IQ2 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 reputation, like a woman's, is often lost by one error. If any part of my letter is 
 exceptionable, point it out. Nothing clears difficulties like candid reasoning. By 
 collision of sentiment, the truth is struck out like fire from flint and steel.' 
 
 " He formed an early matrimonial alliance with the ancient and distinguished 
 Cruger family, of New York city. His brother-in-law, Henry Cruger, the col- 
 league of Edmund Burke, in the British Parliament, was the first American mem- 
 ber of that most august assembly, having been elected with Burke in 1774, to 
 represent the city of Bristol in the English House of Commons, while sojourning 
 in England. Shortly after his admission to the bar, unlike most young attorneys 
 he found a rapidly increasing business intrusted to his charge. Respected for his 
 talents, and with an ambitious nature, and a reputation unsullied, bringing to the 
 profession habits of industry, and a disciplined mind, and having also an exten- 
 sive and influential family connection, the world looked bright upon the dawn of 
 his professional career, and little he thought of the gloomy night of darkness in 
 store for him. It is rare that a young attorney has entered upon his professional 
 career under such flattering circumstances, but rarer still that human nature has 
 met life's vicissitudes with such heroic fortitude. 
 
 "In 1773 Peter Van Schaack was appointed to the important and responsible 
 office of collecting and revising the statute laws of the colony of New York. The 
 execution of the work was intrusted to him solely, and it was performed in a 
 manner highly creditable to his judgment and industry. At this time he was 
 only twenty-six years old. His revision embraced the legislation of the colony 
 from the year 1691 to 1773, inclusive, being a period of upwards of eighty years. 
 The assiduity with which he applied himself to this work had an unfavorable 
 effect upon his vision, and he was always of the opinion that it was a leading 
 cause of his subsequent blindness, with which he was threatened soon after the 
 completion of this work, and the dread of which was ever before him. At an 
 early day, his vision had become so much impaired as to render necessary the 
 employment of an amanuensis. He continued, however, in the active practice of 
 his chosen profession, for twenty years afterward, by which time the dreaded 
 storm had overtaken him. But he still clung to the life boat, and lived up to his 
 chosen family motto, ' superanda fortuna ferendo,' which was the philosophy of his 
 life, and as interpreted in his own language, means ' that fortune is to be over- 
 come by enduring it with patience and fortitude.' 
 
 " During a good portion of his life he was totally blind, and occupied himself 
 with training others for the profession which he had practiced for more than 
 forty years. One of his pupils was Judge William Kent, the only son of the 
 chancellor. Another is the venerable Frederic de Peyster, president of the New 
 York Historical Society, and to whom he wrote in his eighty-third year: 'You see 
 that like an old coachman, who loves the smack of his whip, I still have some pro- 
 fessional regards ; indeed, I have some professional occupations, as I have two 
 students on whom I bestow much of my time and attention, of which, I trust, 
 they will enjoy the fruits.'
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 193 
 
 " He continued to give counsel in his profession, and occasionally gave a writ- 
 ten opinion in critical cases, until he had reached four score. He might be seen 
 in his study, with his law students around him, imparting instruction nearly up 
 to the time of his death. His blindness did not shorten his days, for he lived 
 until September 27, 1832, dying at his native Kinderhook in the eighty-sixth year 
 of his age. 
 
 " Nearly a hundred young gentlemen were educated at the feet of this learned 
 lawyer, including the sons of Theodore Sedgwick, William W. Van Ness and 
 Ambrose Spencer. It was the latter who wrote to his son, while studying law 
 with Mr. Van Schaack: 'It has been my pride to be marked with the friendship 
 of such a man. I have never been his pupil, and yet I must acknowledge that I 
 have caught much from him, and his example has materially influenced my legal 
 attainments.' 
 
 "To see him seated in his study, surrounded by his pupils, and imparting to 
 them from the rich store of his knowledge, one was reminded of the lines of his 
 
 favorite Pope: 
 
 'Though blind, a boldness in his looks appears; 
 In years he seera'd, but not impaired by years.' 
 
 " Mr. Van Schaack was extensively familiar with English literature, and was 
 probably the finest Latin scholar in the state of New York, and was extremely 
 partial to the writers of the Augustan age of these Virgil was his favorite. He 
 could repeat many of the Eclogues, and a great portion of the ^Eneid, and he had 
 the minutest parts of the story at his tongue's end. So, also, he could recite large 
 portions of the odes and epistles of Horace, and of the orations of Cicero in the 
 original. His opinions and other papers on legal subjects were always drawn up 
 with logical precision, and in a style of peculiar purity and elegance. These 
 accomplishments, so rare in the legal profession, and so ornamental when pos- 
 sessed, in connection with his profound knowledge of the law, procured for him 
 from Columbia College the honorary degree of LL.D. It was said of Mr. Van 
 Schaack, as a lawyer, by Egbert Benson, the first attorney general of the state of 
 New York, that 'he never erred.' As a jurist, he was distinguished by the extent 
 and depth of his learning, and Alexander Hamilton expressed his admiration of 
 Mr. Van Schaack's manner of speaking, and of the soundness and accuracy of his 
 views on all questions of civil jurisprudence. Hon. Henry C. Van Schaack, of 
 New York, is his sole surviving child. This son has been in active practice as a 
 lawyer for nearly three score years, and is one of the oldest lawyers in New York, 
 and has frequently lectured before the historical societies of New York and Chi- 
 cago. Cornelius Van Schaack, the grandson of the subject of this sketch, is a 
 counselor-at-law of many years' standing in Chicago, and Henry Cruger Van 
 Schaack, a great-grandson, is now a member of the Chicago Law School. There 
 are also numerous other descendants of this distinguished jurist in this city." 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Manlius, New York, August 18, 1842, and 
 graduated at Hobart College, Geneva, New York, in 1863. He then entered the
 
 194 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 army, soon rising to the rank of captain, serving through the war under Sheridan, 
 and was on the picket line with Gen. Custer at Appomattox Station the day before 
 Gen. Lee surrendered. He was mustered out of the service at the close of the 
 war, and having begun the study of law with his father, removed to Chicago, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1866, and has acquired a large and lucrative practice. 
 During the same year he formed a partnership with Joseph P. Clarkson, which 
 was dissolved by the death of Mr. Clarkson in 1877. Immediately thereafter, Mr. 
 Van Schaack formed a partnership with William H. Barnum, which continued 
 until 1879, when Mr. Barnum was elected to the bench, since which time he has 
 been practicing alone. Mr. Van Schaack has been prominently connected with, 
 and has been very successful in dramatic litigation, having been attorney alone, 
 and in connection with his late partner, Mr. Clarkson, in most of the leading 
 dramatic cases before the courts in Chicago. He inherits one trait that was 
 very strongly marked in his illustrious grandfather, viz., accuracy and talent for 
 preparing legal documents, and has no superior in this respect at the Chicago bar. 
 
 GEN. ISRAEL N. STILES. 
 
 T SRAEL N. STILES is an advocate who has few peers at the Chicago bar; a 
 J. gentleman of excellent traits of character and of high personal worth. He 
 has made his impress upon the times in which he has lived. He was born in 
 Suffield, Connecticut, in 1833. His father, Anson Stiles, was a farmer and Israel 
 worked at farming summers and attended public schools winters, and finally 
 attended the Connecticut Literary Institute. When he was about nineteen years 
 of age he moved to Lafayette, Indiana, where he studied in a law office, having 
 read law one year before he came west. Later he engaged in teaching school 
 near Lafayette, teaching singing school nights and at the same time pursuing his 
 law studies. The following year he opened a private school and continued his 
 law studies until 1854, when he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice. 
 He soon attracted wide attention as a public speaker of rare oratorical qualities. 
 About this time " Bleeding Kansas " was attracting public attention and sym- 
 pathy, and Mr. Stiles made public speeches which astonished all who heard or 
 read them. From that time he came rapidly into prominence as an orator, and 
 is now ranked among the most eloquent, fluent and entertaining public speakers 
 in the West. Running through his speeches and addresses is a vein of wit, 
 humor and sarcasm, which cuts to the quick and lays bare fallacy and sophistry, 
 and convinces his hearers of the merits of what he advocates. During the 
 Freemont-Buchanan campaign he made a great number of effective speeches 
 throughout the country to large and pleased audiences. He was prosecuting 
 attorney two years, and a member of the Indiana legislature in 1857-8. 
 
 When the war broke out he was engaged in successful practice, but was 
 among the first to raise a company of soldiers; however, someone else was
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 195 
 
 elected to the captaincy, and he himself enlisted as a private, but was made 
 adjutant of the 2oth Ind. Inf. He was taken prisoner at Malvern Hill and was 
 confined in Libby prison six weeks, when he was exchanged. He was then made 
 major of the 63d Ind. regiment and was rapidly promoted to the ranks of lieu- 
 tenant-colonel, and colonel of the same regiment, and finally brevet brigadier- 
 general for gallantry in battle at Franklin, Tennessee. These promotions were 
 for bravery and merit as a soldier and officer. After the war closed he settled in 
 Chicago, and practiced law alone until he formed a partnership with W. K. Mc- 
 Allister in 1867; when the latter was elected to the bench the partnership was 
 dissolved. In 1869 he was elected city attorney of Chicago and served as such 
 until 1873, when was formed the partnership of Tuley, Stiles and Lewis, which 
 was one of the strongest law firms, at the time, in Chicago. Mr. Tuley being 
 elected to to the bench later, Mr. Stiles continued practice under the firm of 
 Stiles and Lewis. He has always done a large, first-class law business, and is 
 doing such now. 
 
 Gen. Stiles has remarkable versatility, great energy and perseverance, and is 
 studious and painstaking in his cases, leaving little undone which may enable 
 him to win the cause of his client. He is an advocate of great power before 
 court or jury the peer of any at this brilliant bar; logical and convincing, often 
 humorous, again pathetic and always sarcastic. When he presents a case it is 
 understood by the court, so thorough and accurate is he in presenting it. In his 
 management of cases he is adroit and sagacious, and is seldom outwitted by 
 opposing counsel; he has a power and quickness of repartee, and an ability to 
 avail himself of emergencies, that are decidedly effective. He generally quits 
 with a victory or ends with a salient point in which he gains an advantage, and 
 wins so handsomely that each victory brings new clients. He is, withal, honora- 
 ble in his methods and detests machination and trickery in practice. He knows 
 how, to examine a witness and when, and does it artfully; he knows when to 
 cross-examine, and above all when not to cross-examine. He is earnest and sin- 
 cere; often brilliant and rhetorical; vivid and graphic in illustration, with a fund 
 of anecdote and story a gifted advocate, clear, ringing and forcible; ready, flu- 
 ent and logical, with an incomparable power of mimicry, pathos and sarcasm. 
 His friends are loud in their praises of his studiousness and correctness of his 
 habits, the quickness of his apprehension, the modesty of his demeanor, the 
 firmness and decision of his character, stability and sagacity, which make him a 
 leader in his profession. He has signalized himself by his achievements in liti- 
 gation, as an advocate, and in his forensic efforts. He has the true elements of 
 oratory seldom combined in a lawyer. 
 
 In personal appearance he is slender, of medium height, with gray hair and 
 beard, and keen, full dark eyes. He is much liked socially for his ready conver- 
 sational powers, which are tinged with a flavor of satire, wit, humor and apt 
 illustration which are enjoyable. He is liberal in his views of religion, politics 
 or any other subject; is a polished and genial gentleman.
 
 196 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He has been twice married. First, in 1860, to Jennie Coney, of Sag Harbor, 
 New York, who died in Chicago in 1877; second, in April, 1881, to Miss Antoin- 
 ette C. Wright. He has three children, one daughter and two sons. 
 
 WILLIAM J. MANNING. 
 
 A3 an example of what may be attained by persistent, hard work, the life- 
 history of him whose name heads this sketch, is well worthy of a place 
 among the prominent and successful members of the Chicago bar. A native 
 of Waterloo, Seneca county, New York, he was born April 15, 1838. The son of 
 Rockwell Manning and Sarah (Warner) Manning, the latter a daughter of Col. 
 Seth Warner. 
 
 His paternal ancestors were of English descent, and settled in this country at 
 an early day, and for several generations prior to our subject's birth had lived at 
 Waterloo. His father, a farmer by occupation, was a man of sterling worth, 
 highly esteemed in his community, and for many years held the office of justice 
 of the peace. In 1849 he removed with his family to Warrenville, in Dupage 
 county, Illinois, where he was engaged in a general merchandizing business. 
 William possessed a natural fondness for reading and study, and being fortunate 
 in having good educational advantages, made the most of his opportunities. At 
 Warrenville, he pursued the full course of study in the Warrenville Seminary, 
 graduating in 1859, being then twenty-one years old. During the next two years, 
 he was employed in his father's store, and having previously decided to enter the 
 legal profession, devoted all his spare time to the study of law. At the age of 
 twenty-three, he engaged in the dry goods trade on his own account, at Aurora, 
 Illinois, and afterward removed to Chicago, and there continued the same line of 
 business. During these years, still adhering to his determination to make the 
 practice of the law his business, he kept up his legal studies, and in 1870, after 
 graduating from the Union College of Law at Chicago, was admitted to the bar, 
 and opened an office on his own account. 
 
 For some three years after the great fire of October 9, 1871, besides attending 
 to a large commercial business, which he had built up, he devoted much time to 
 the adjustment of fire losses, insomuch that it became somewhat of a specialty, 
 and gained him a fine reputation for proficiency in insurance matters. Since 
 1874 his practice has been general in its character, and yearly increasing, and 
 to-day he ranks among the ablest chancery and real estate lawyers at the Chicago 
 bar. An important case with which Mr. Manning was actively connected, was 
 that of the United States vs. Henry Feuerstein and Charles Pfluger. These par- 
 ties were jointly indicted for defrauding creditors in violation of certain pro- 
 visions of the bankrupt law, Mr. Manning representing the creditors. The trial 
 of the case occupied four days, and resulted in the conviction of both the defend- 
 ants, Feuerstein being sentenced to one year in the penitentiary, and Pfluger to

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. [99 
 
 six months in the county jail. The case is worthy of mention, since it was the 
 only case of conviction and sentence under the bankrupt law ever had in Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Manning has always given especial attention to the collection of accounts, 
 and numbers among those for whom he does business in this particular depart- 
 ment, many of the leading firms of New York, and other eastern cities. As a 
 lawyer, he honors his profession. Prompt, sagacious and watchful of a client's 
 interests, he is withal upright and honorable in his dealing, careful and conscien- 
 tious as a counselor, and firm in his adherence to honest conviction. His per- 
 sonal and social qualities are of a high order, and have attracted to him a wide 
 circle of warm friends, who esteem him for his genial manners, his gentlemanly 
 candor and his true, manly merit. 
 
 In politics he is an active, earnest republican, and for a period of ten years 
 was a member of the Dupage county central committee. Although Mr. Manning 
 was reared under Baptist influences he is not a member of any church organiza- 
 tion. Liberal and generous in his views and opinions, he is ready to recognize 
 the right and denounce the wrong, wherever he may find them and in his judg- 
 ments of others, grants that same freedom of opinion which he asks for himself. 
 Mr. Manning was married on August 15, 1877, to Miss Ellen P. Curtis, a daughter 
 of N. B. Curtis, formerly a prominent banker of Peoria, Illinois. 
 
 Although he has scarcely reached the meridian of life, Mr. Manning has 
 achieved a most satisfactory success, and may justly be proud of his attainments. 
 In the face of many obstacles, he persevered in the pursuit of a persistent pur- 
 pose, and gained, as his reward, that success which inevitably follows continued 
 application of honest effort to the accomplishment of an honest purpose. 
 
 DAVID M. HILLIS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Decatur county, Indiana, February 15, 
 1841, and is the son of David Hillis, and Patsy (McConnell) Hillis, both 
 natives of Bourbon county, Kentucky. Their ancestors were from Virginia, and 
 originally from England. His father was an early settler in Decatur county, and 
 the early life of our subject was spent on a farm, working in summer and going 
 to country school in winter, giving him early in life good physical and moral 
 training. At seventeen years of age he entered what was then known as the North- 
 western Christian University, now the Butler University, of Indianapolis, gradu- 
 ating in the regular classical course in 1864. He stood well in his classes and 
 high in the literary societies, and whenever a speech was to be made he was usu- 
 ally chosen. He made and delivered the valedictory of his class on commence- 
 ment day, and gained considerable notoriety as a speaker even at that earlv age. 
 He then read law one year with Cumback and Bonner, at Greensburg, 
 Indiana, and then spent one year at Yale College Law School. In November 1865, 
 he went into the law office of Polk and Hubbell, at Des Moines, Iowa, and there 
 
 21
 
 2OO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 had the benefit of two years of thorough law practice. In January 1868, he 
 opened an office on his own account in Chicago, where he has been in the general 
 practice of the law ever since, doing an extensive business. 
 
 Mr. Hillis is a lawyer of discrimination in his legal practice, a good judge of 
 human nature, and an eloquent advocate. He has an excellent flow of language, 
 and his arguments abound in logic and apt illustrations. His practice is largely 
 in real estate matters, and in cases where the titles to real estate are in question. 
 He has the utmost confidence of all who know him, and is entrusted with large 
 estates involving millions, where parties depend upon his honor and strict integ- 
 rity as a sufficient security to insure faithful performance in all matters, however 
 large and important. He is a gentleman of fine presence, being of medium size 
 and height, having a splendid physique and an intellectual countenance. 
 
 December 28, 1871, he was married in Chicago, to Miss Dora E. Knights, an 
 estimable lady, daughter of Darius Knights, one of the oldest settlers of Chicago. 
 
 In religion Mr. Hillis believes in the principles of the reformation as promul- 
 gated by Alexander Campbell, and is a member of the Disciples, or as otherwise 
 known, the Christian church. 
 
 In politics, when a boy, he entertained anti-slavery sentiments, and has always 
 been a firm believer in the fundamental principles of the republican party, though 
 not a partisan, and has never taken an active interest in politics. 
 
 MYRON A. DECKER. 
 
 MYRON A. DECKER was born February 21, 1837, in Livingston county, 
 New York. His ancestors on the paternal side belonged to an ancient 
 and eminent family in Holland, a branch of which about the middle of the seven- 
 teenth century immigrated from Amsterdam and settled in New York on the 
 Hudson river, from which branch his father, Henry Decker, descended. In 1816 
 his father married and settled in the Genesee valley, in western New York, and 
 was largely engaged in agriculture, and ranked among the ablest and most 
 highly respected citizens of Livingston county. His mother, Martha (Mather) 
 Decker, traced her descent through the Connecticut branch of the Mather family 
 to the Massachusetts branch, and to Increase and Cotton Mather, whose history 
 is a part of the early annals of New England. 
 
 His mother died when Myron was fourteen years of age, and his father 
 removed to Lima, where were located the Genesee College and Genesee Wes- 
 leyan Seminary, in order that his family, of whom Myron was the youngest, 
 might receive a liberal education at these popular institutions. Here Myron 
 pursued his studies till he was nineteen years of age, when he resolved, owing to 
 some financial embarrassments into which his father had fallen, to rely wholly 
 upon himself, and from that time till the completion of his literary and legal 
 studies he had to encounter and overcome difficulties which invariably prove the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 201 
 
 best school for training a youth to habits of sturdy self-reliance and confidence 
 so essential to success in after life. 
 
 In the spring of 1860, at the age of twenty-three, he was admitted to the prac- 
 tice of law by the supreme court of New York, at the city of Auburn. He at once 
 entered upon the practice of law at Lima, and met with flattering success for 
 nearly two years, when the war of the rebellion began, and as legal business was 
 generally suspended he accepted a position which was tendered him in the United 
 States treasury at Washington, District of Columbia, where he remained till the 
 war closed. When he left the department he held the highest grade and had 
 charge of a division. During this period he pursued with untiring assiduity fur- 
 ther legal studies, and in February 1865 was, upon motion of Senator Howe, now 
 postmaster general, admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the United 
 States at Washington, District of Columbia. 
 
 At the close of the war and the general resumption of business he resigned 
 his position in the treasury, inspired by a laudable ambition to establish himself 
 in the profession of his choice, and soon thereafter accepted a retainer to procure 
 the setting aside of fraudulent titles procured from the United States to some 
 large and valuable tracts of pine land in northern Wisconsin, and his success was 
 such that he received numerous other retainers in the same line of business, 
 which kept him in constant service for more than three years in Wisconsin and 
 Washington, District of Columbia, and his success for his clients proved a finan- 
 cial success for himself. 
 
 Mr. Decker was married April 29, 1869, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Miss Kittie 
 L. Knox, daughter of Hon. Thomas M. Knox, deceased, formerly judge in the 
 city of Watertown, Wisconsin. 
 
 Early in 1870 Mr. Decker removed to Chicago and entered upon the practice 
 of his profession, and soon, by his energy and ability, acquired a lucrative prac- 
 tice. In the great fire of 1871 his office and his library, with many valuable 
 papers, were consumed. In 1873 Mr. Decker was prostrated by the extreme heat 
 while in Baltimore, and shortly after, in New York city, met with an accident 
 which caused internal injury. From these causes his nervous system, already 
 severely strained by the cares and anxieties of his large practice, was for the time 
 completely prostrated, and he was compelled to take a partner to meet the urgent 
 demands of his increasing business. He therefore associated with himself in 
 Chicago Henry Decker, then of Lima, New York, and the firm, under the name 
 of Decker and Decker, continued for about two years, when Myron found that it 
 was absolutely imperative that he should have complete relaxation from all busi- 
 ness cares, and devote himself to the restoration of his health. He therefore sur- 
 rendered his entire business to Henry Decker, and passed three years in travel 
 and recreation. In 1879 his health was sufficiently restored to warrant his resum- 
 ing the practice of his profession, and he again opened his office in Chicago, 
 where his ability and integrity being fully recognized, he at once attracted to 
 himself a large and lucrative practice, which he now enjoys.
 
 2O2 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Decker is an attorney of rare tact and sound judgment, fertile in resources 
 and untiring in energy. These qualities, united with marked financial ability 
 and an unusual skill in delicate negotiations, cause his services to be in much 
 request by corporations and large companies, to which class of practice his time 
 is mainly devoted. He is the owner of considerable improved city property, and 
 with the requisite attention given to its management and to the interests of some 
 eastern capitalists, the care of whose investments is entrusted to him, Mr. Decker 
 finds little time for recreation. 
 
 In politics he is a staunch republican, but has ever confined himself strictly to 
 his profession, and whenever his name has been mentioned for any office or polit- 
 ical preferment has invariably declined. Throughout all his business and pro- 
 fessional engagements, involving frequently sums of great magnitude, he has 
 ever sustained the highest character for integrity, veracity and unblemished 
 honor. 
 
 GEORGE WILLARD. 
 
 S~* EORGE WILLARD was born in the village of Natural Bridge, Jefferson 
 V_J county, New York. His mother's maiden name was Margaret Becker. 
 She was a daughter of Conrad Becker, a native of Kinderhook, New York, but 
 who for many years was a resident of the village above named. His father, 
 Johnson Willard, was one of the pioneers of northern New York, he having moved 
 from Worcester, Massachusetts, his native place, to the town of Le Ray, in Jeffer- 
 son county, as early as 1805. Johnson Willard was fifth in the line of descent 
 from Simon Willard, who was born in Horsmonden, Kent county, England, in 
 1605, and immigrated to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1634. 
 
 Mr. Willard removed from his native village to Chicago, arriving in 1858, and 
 after a temporary absence in Wisconsin and Kansas, returned in 1861 and entered 
 upon a course preparatory to the study of law. Two years later he became a 
 student in the law office of Sanford B. Perry, and in 1864 engaged as a law clerk 
 in the law office of Blodgett and Winston. He attended a course of lectures 
 before the law school of the University of Chicago, graduated therefrom in 1865, 
 and was admitted to the bar in that year. He remained with the firm until 1870, 
 when he was appointed local attorney for the Chicago and North Western Rail- 
 way Company, and in 1873 became assistant solicitor for the Pennsylvania Com- 
 pany, operating the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago railway. He held both 
 positions until 1875, and the latter, with slight intermission, until 1881, when he, 
 in company with Mr. George Driggs, late assistant counsel for the Pennsylvania 
 Company at Pittsburgh, were, under the firm name of Willard and Driggs, ap- 
 pointed solicitors for the Pennsylvania Company and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati 
 and St. Louis Railway Company at Chicago. The business of the firm is not 
 wholly confined to those two railway corporations, but includes attention to 
 other corporate and individual interetss.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 2O3 
 
 In the month of June 1864 Mr. Willard temporarily laid aside his books and 
 enlisted as a private in Co. B, i32d regiment 111. Vol., under the ninety days' call, 
 and served therein until the regiment was mustered out in October following. 
 He was secretary and treasurer of the Western Railroad Association for five years, 
 master in chancery of the circuit court of Cook county for six years, and was twice 
 elected treasurer of the village of Hyde Park, where he has resided since 1868. 
 
 On November 6, 1865, Mr. Willard was married to Miss Fannie J. Rodden, 
 daughter of William and Margaret (Wiggins) Rodden, of Burlington, Vermont. 
 They have four children, named respectively, George Rodden, William Blodgett, 
 Bessie and Grace. William Rodden was a native of Belfast; immigated to Bur- 
 lington, Vermont, when a young man, and made the latter place his home during 
 the remainder of his life.- 
 
 In politics Mr. Willard is republican, but has not taken any active part therein 
 beyond recording his vote, his first vote being cast for the late Abraham Lincoln 
 in 1860. 
 
 JOHN T. DALE. 
 
 
 
 JOHN T. DALE was born at Sandbach, in Cheshire, England, April 25, 1841, 
 ' and is the only son of Thomas and Jane Dale, the latter a daughter of an old 
 and respected Cheshire family named Burgess. His father was a master machin- 
 ist, one of those men endowed by nature with mechanical and mathematical 
 genius, who, when in his prime, delighted to figure out and calculate the relation- 
 ship of cogs, levers, fly-wheels and pinions to distances and powers. He was 
 gifted with a fine musical ear, and when a boy of sixteen made a violin with the 
 rude tools at his father's house, and learned to play upon it. While holding a 
 responsible and lucrative position in a large manufacturing establishment, the 
 reports from many friends who had emigrated to distant lands made him long 
 for a broader, freer life, and he determined to remove to a foreign land. He at 
 first thought of going to Natal in South Africa, but was influenced by friends in 
 America to change his purpose, and in 1849 removed with his family to the then 
 territory of Wisconsin, and settled in Salem, Kenosha county, where he purchased 
 a farm. The community was composed mainly of intelligent people from the New 
 England and middle states, who were interested in having as good a district 
 school as their means and circumstances would allow. 
 
 John lived at home until he attained his majority, working on the farm in 
 summer and attending district school in winter. In the common school, together 
 with a limited attendance at an academy in the neighborhood, he obtained a good 
 practical English education, with some of the higher mathematics; but his higher 
 education was obtained from books, he being intensely fond of literature. At 
 fourteen years of age he gained the prize for the best English composition and 
 recitation of the same. The production was a poem of considerable length on 
 "The Glories of Ancient Greece and Rome"; and before he was sixteen he had
 
 2O4 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 read most of the English poets and many other standard works. His experience 
 in early life was similar to that of most farmer boys, hard work and plenty of it ; 
 but this did not prevent him from improving his leisure moments with study, and 
 laying the foundation of a solid and firm character. As with others who have 
 risen to eminence, the knowledge gained and imparted in teaching district school 
 was of great advantage to him, and this he did for two winters. 
 
 In the spring of 1863 he removed to Chicago with only a few dollars in his 
 possession, without friends or influence, but with that energy, hope and courage 
 that belongs to youth, and a determination to win. For about twelve months he 
 obtained temporary employment in various ways, and in the latter part of 1863 
 entered the law office of D. C. and I. J. Nicholes as a student and law clerk. He 
 remained with them two years, and in the spring of 1865 was admitted to the bar. 
 He afterward attended a course of lectures on real estate law in the Chicago Law 
 School, given by Hon. Henry Booth, then professor in that institution. Out of 
 that class of about fifty students many have become bright ornaments in their 
 profession, and some have already obtained eminence in public life, among others 
 Hon. Robert Lincoln, now secretary of war. In 1867 Mr. Dale formed a partner- 
 ship with Judge E. S. Holbrook, a lawyer of ripe experience in chancery practice 
 and real estate law, and continued that partnership till the great fire of 1871. 
 Their practice was principally in real estate matters, besides which they conducted 
 several important patent cases. In common with almost every other law firm in 
 the city, they lost in the great fire their library and nearly all their papers, and as 
 a result the partnership was dissolved. Some time after the fire Mr. Dale opened 
 an office and formed a partnership with Sidney Thomas, which lasted for about 
 one year, and since that time he has been alone in the practice. 
 
 In 1870 he removed to Winnetka, a beautiful suburb within forty-five minutes' 
 ride of the city, and identifying himself in the interests of the village was elected 
 for two years president of the board of trustees, and for four years also was one 
 of its most useful and active members. In 1864 he became a member of the inde- 
 pendent order of Odd-Fellows. He is a member of the Congregational church 
 He is, and always has been, a decided republican, but has not taken any very 
 active part in politics. 
 
 He was married in September 1880, to Miss Leila W. Graves, of Chicago, a 
 young lady of fine musical tastes, who had spent several years in the best conser- 
 vatories of Paris and Stuttgardt to acquire a thorough musical education. 
 
 Mr. Dale is a man of fine literary taste and ability, and in 1876, after a visit to 
 the centennial exposition in Philadelphia, wrote a book entitled "What Ben 
 Beverley Saw at the Great Exhibition." The work was published by subscription, 
 but owing to the embarrassment of its publisher, did not meet with the sale that 
 was anticipated ; it, however, reached three editions of about 2,500 copies. As a 
 lecturer, also, he has shown himself of no mean ability; his lecture on "The Rise 
 and Romance of the Common Law," and other addresses on various subjects, he 
 has delivered before various literary societies in Chicago.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 205 
 
 Having faith in the future of Chicago, Mr. Dale has, by judicious investments 
 and close attention to business, acquired a handsome fortune. He is a man of 
 sterling qualities, fond of good companionship, generous and benevolent, and a 
 worthy member of many charitable institutions. His aim in life has been to 
 make the most of himself, and to reflect in all his acts the dignity and honor of a 
 genuine manhood. He is a lawyer who honors his profession, and by his daily 
 intercourse with men furnishes an example worthy of admiration and emulation. 
 
 JOHN M. ROUNTREE. 
 
 JOHN M. ROUNTREE was born February 13, 1836, at Plattville, Grant county, 
 Wisconsin. His parents, Hon. John H. Rountree, and Mary Grace (Mitchell) 
 Rountree, were early settlers in the West, and his father, who was one of the earliest 
 and most distinguished pioneers of the Wisconsin bar, held many promnient offices 
 during his professional career. John received his early education at Plattville 
 Academy, and subsequently, at the age of seventeen, went to Hamilton College, 
 New York. After finishing his collegiate education, he began the study of law at 
 Galena, Illinois, under Hon. John M. Jewel, and when twenty-three years of age 
 was admited to the bar of this state. In 1856, Mr. Rountree went to Milwaukee, 
 and began the practice of his profession, in the office of Hon. H. L. Palmer, where 
 he remained until November i, 1857, when he removed to Chicago. He at first 
 entered the office of Scammon, McCagg and Fuller, where he remained until 
 the spring of 1858, when he formed a copartnership with Alexander C. Car- 
 penter, a well known member of the Chicago bar. This partnership continued 
 until 1864, and during its existence Mr. Rountree was engaged in many very 
 important cases, of which may be mentioned Kingsbury vs. Chicago and North 
 Western Railway Company, involving the title of the river front and the depot 
 ground, which was decided in favor of the railroad company, he at that time 
 being their attorney. Mr. Rountree was president of the Chicago Law Institute in 
 the years 1864 and 1865, and continued an active member of the bar until 1867 
 when, by reason of impaired health, he was compelled to abandon his profes- 
 sional labors, and under the advice of his physician traveled through various por- 
 tions of the United States in search of a suitable climate. With proper care and 
 respite from all labor, he was again restored to his normal, healthy and vigorous 
 condition, and returned to Chicago, which has since been his home. Resuming 
 his practice at the Chicago bar, he has met with even more brilliant success than 
 before. Soon after his return to Chicago he was nominated and elected by the 
 democratic party, to the state legislature, by a very satisfactory majority, and per- 
 formed the duties of his office to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. In 
 the fall of 1872 he was one of the committee on the revision of the statutes of Illi- 
 nois, whose work was not completed until the season of 1873. In the fall of 1873 
 Mr. Rountree was elected attorney for Cook county, for a term of four years.
 
 2O6 THK BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 During these years there was a vast amount of tax litigation, a branch of law 
 in which Mr. Rountree displayed great skill and ability, as well as in other 
 departments of work attaching to his office. At the close of his term of office he 
 resumed the general practice of his profession, being the attorney for numerous 
 large corporations, railroad companies, banks, etc. Mr. Rountree has always been 
 a democrat, except in the Grant and Greeley campaign, when he supported the 
 republican ticket. As a member of the Chicago bar, Mr. Rountree is recognized 
 as an able lawyer, and a man of right purposes, who is governed in all his doings 
 by a conscientious adherence to principle and manly dealing. 
 
 WILLIAM P. BLACK. 
 
 WILLIAM P. BLACK, a lawyer, residing and doing business in Chicago, 
 Illinois, a member of the firm of Dent and Black, was born in Woodford 
 county, Kentucky, November n, 1842. 
 
 The family dates back in this country to ante-revolutionary times, when the 
 Scotch ancestry found homes in the colonies; first in South Carolina, and, mov- 
 ing thence, afterward in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. In the revolution- 
 ary struggle they were on the patriot side, contributing their share alike of blood 
 and their scant treasure to the cause of liberty. In those days the family was 
 represented in Pennsylvania by Rev. John Black, a Presbyterian minister, whose 
 son and great-grandson followed the same calling. The last mentioned, Rev. 
 John Black, D.D., was the father of the subject of this sketch. Dr. Black, last 
 named, passed his ministerial life mostly in the South, and closed a short but 
 brilliant life in his thirty-eighth year, dying at that age, February 13, 1847, in 
 Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, at which time he was pastor of the Fifth Presbyte- 
 rian Church of that place. The maternal great-grandfather was William Findley, 
 for twenty years a member of the United States senate and house of representa- 
 tives from Pennsylvania ; a man of marked ability, and descended from the 
 Scotch-Irish dissenters, the family removing to this country from North Ireland 
 long prior to the revolution. 
 
 Mr. Black's mother was, prior to marriage, a Miss Josephine L. Culbertson, 
 of the family located at Culbertson's Row, Pennsylvania, whence her father 
 removed and settled in Madison, Indiana, where they resided at the time of her 
 marriage to Rev. John Black, in 1834. Born in 1813, this minister's widow was 
 left, in 1847, with a family of four children, the eldest but eight, and William, the 
 second son, then but little more than four years old. She removed the same year 
 with her little ones to Danville, Illinois, and there in 1850 married Dr. William 
 Fithian, an eminent and worthy gentleman, reputed an able speaker and politi- 
 cian, and successful business man. To the care, affection and ability of his noble 
 mother, aided by her husband, is Mr. Black indebted for much that is elevated 
 and meritorious in his life.
 
 Eng by E. LJ Willi a m a 4 Br NY
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of-' CHICAGO. 2OQ 
 
 From childhood he was a close and successful student, his zeal having to be 
 held in check on account of delicate health and a frail body. He entered Wabash 
 College, Crawfordsville, Indiana, an institution justly esteemed for its thorough 
 course and honorable alumni, in the fall of 1860. He at once took a leading 
 place in his class as a diligent and conscientious student, and in the societies as 
 a clear, powerful and brilliant speaker, and was affectionately esteemed by all. 
 At this time, having joined the Presbyterian church at fifteen years of age, he 
 was studying with reference to entering the ministry. 
 
 But the outbreak of the war interrupted the collegiate course, never to be 
 resumed. April 15, 1861, Mr. Black enlisted, with about forty other students 
 of the college, including his only brother, as a private soldier in Co. I, nth Ind. 
 Zouaves, commanded by Col. (afterward Maj.-Gen.) Lew. Wallace. Sharing 
 with this regiment in its three months' campaign, chiefly in western Virginia, 
 he was mustered out as corporal, and at once engaged in assisting in the work 
 of recruiting a company in Vermilion county, Illinois, for the three years' ser- 
 vice, of which company he was elected captain, and which was mustered into 
 the service as Co. K, 37th 111. Inf., at Chicago, September 18, 1861, the regi- 
 ment then being known as Fremont Rifles, and his commission as captain, 
 dated September i, 1861, being received by him before he had reached his nine- 
 teenth birthday. This position he filled faithfully for over three years, sharing 
 with his regiment in its marches, skirmishes and battles, chief among which may 
 be mentioned Pea Ridge, Arkansas, Prairie Grove, Arkansas (where one-third of 
 the federal forces were killed and wounded), the siege of Vicksburg, in the latter 
 part of which Capt. Black held 'the responsible and most dangerous position of 
 brigade picket officer, having charge of the rifle-pits of his brigade; the occupa- 
 tion of Texas, and the observation of the empire of Maximilian. Of his military 
 career it is enough to say that, undertaken not from choice but under an exalted 
 sense of the duty he owed an imperiled and loved country, every service required 
 was performed quietly, unostentatiously and thoroughly. He could always be 
 depended upon implicitly, possessing that quality of courage which is the result 
 of entire devotion to duty, even at the cost of complete self-sacrifice. 
 
 Commencing the study of law in October, 1865, in the office of Arrington and 
 Dent, Chicago, he was in about sixteen months admitted to practice, and returned 
 to Danville to enter upon his professional career. There he remained for only 
 a year, however, returning to Chicago in March, 1868, to form the association 
 with Mr. Thomas Dent, which has since continued; Mr. Dent's former partner, 
 the late Judge Alfred W. Arrington, having died December 31, 1867. Mr. Black's 
 career as a lawyer has been unusually successful. The reputation of his firm is 
 of the very best, both on the score of professional honor and ability, and also by 
 reason of the spotless personal character of the individual members. Possessing 
 varied gifts and powers, so that they admirably supplement each other, and 
 governed in all their conduct, personal and professional, by the code of a pure 
 Christianity, these gentlemen have secured one of the largest and most respecta-
 
 2IO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ble clientages in their city, while the records of all the courts in the city and of 
 the supreme courts of Illinois and of the United States attest their large success. 
 
 Mr. Black is an unusually clear, earnest and vigorous writer, and gives much 
 attention to the themes of present vital interest. In 1881 he prepared and deliv- 
 ered before the Chicago Philosophical Society a lecture on "Socialism as a Factor 
 in American Society and Politics," which was published in the Chicago " Times," 
 republished in pamphlet form, and extensively quoted and noticed in various 
 parts of the country. It was a remarkably clear, interesting and philosophical 
 consideration of the great question of the social relations of the wage classes in 
 our growing republic. A year later he delivered before the same body a lecture 
 on "Russia and Nihilism," which has since been delivered, by request, before the 
 Liberal League of Chicago and the Industrial Reform Club of the same place, 
 and which has been printed in the " Weekly Magazine," and reprinted in tract 
 form. Concerning this lecture, and as evidencing the literary ability and style of 
 Mr. Black, it may not seem out of place to print two short letters, which speak 
 for themselves, one being from Wendell Phillips, the other from the pen of the 
 versatile John Swinton, chief of the editorial force of the New York " Sun." Fol- 
 lowing are the letters : 
 
 123 EAST 620 STREET, NEW YORK, July 4, 1882. 
 
 COMRADE, I feel especially obliged to you for favoring me with a copy of Col. Black's lecture 
 on Russia. It it a masterpiece, and has given me profound pleasure. The comprehensiveness 
 and accuracy of the author's knowledge, the elevation of his spirit, the charm of his love for truth, 
 justice and man, the generosity of his sympathy, and the boldness and freshness of his manner, 
 riveted me to his pages as soon as I had opened them 
 
 Astonishment mingled with pleasure as I passed from sentence to sentence. It is a most wor- 
 thy contribution from a man of whose existence in Chicago I am delighted to know. Copies of it 
 should be sent to Vera Sassulitch, Lavroff, Krapotkin and Tchaikovsky, and to Dr. Orloff and 
 Wendell Phillips and others, and to public libraries and newspapers, etc. 
 
 I don't believe there is any sale for such a thing; it must be given away. 
 
 I shall mail you a copy of my "Travels" and other of my things for Col. Black, asking you to 
 mail them to his address. JOHN SWINTON. 
 
 E. A. Stevens, 319 W. Randolph street, Chicago, Illinois. 
 
 BOSTON, July, 1882. 
 
 Mv DEAR SIR, Hearty thanks for your instructive and eloquent address on Russia and Nihil- 
 ism. Such a masterly and logical summing up of the case against the Romanoffs must give our 
 people pause, and make them think. Then we shall see a public opinion more worthy of our past 
 and our national position among civilized states 
 
 I have read and reread your statement, each time with fresh admiration, and added thanks that 
 any American has been found ready to make it an honor to us and a service to the world. 
 
 Yours with great respect, 
 Col. W. P. Black. WENDELL PHILLIPS. 
 
 Mr. Black is in no sense of the word a politician, though taking a keen inter- 
 est in the affairs of the country, to whose service in the tented field he gave three 
 and a half years of his life. In his views he is thoroughly independent, casting his 
 vote and his influence always with what he believes the better side of every cause. 
 In the summer of 1872 he devoted a little time to the advocacy of the Greeley
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 211 
 
 movement, which he supported as opposed to the increasing corruption in public 
 affairs. His speeches in this campaign elicited much praise, and added to his 
 already high reputation as an earnest, logical and eloquent speaker, fearless in 
 exposing and rebuking wrong. Prior to 1872 he had been a staunch republican, 
 but since that time he has not been actively identified with either of the great 
 parties, though usually working with the democratic. He took no part in poli- 
 tics, however, after the campaign of 1872, until in 1880, when he made one speech 
 near the close of the canvass in advocacy of the election of Gen. Hancock, which 
 was published in full in the Chicago " Times," and which was very highly esteemed 
 on account of its thoughtfulness and force. 
 
 In the fall of 1882 Mr. Black became a candidate for congress upon the unso- 
 licited nominations first of the anti-monopolists in their convention, then of the 
 democracy, and afterward of the independent republicans. The campaign was 
 short and vigorous, and although Mr. Black was defeated, it was yet only by 
 treachery in the democratic camp, and then by a majority of less than 2,400, in a 
 district that, two years before, had given his successful opponent a majority of 
 over 6,000. Mr. Black's candidacy elicited unusual enthusiasm, and became the 
 pivotal contest in his district, while it elicited some most remarkable tributes to 
 his character and attainments. Among these may properly be mentioned a tract, 
 written by Mr. Henry L. Turner, a prominent real estate dealer, and a lifelong 
 republican, under the title, " Patriotism versus Party," and published by him anon- 
 ymously. After opening with the question, " Shall I, a lifelong republican, born 
 and reared amidst the ' most straitest sect ' of the abolitionists, so far step aside 
 from my ancient allegiance as to vote for the democratic nominee for congress ? " 
 and proceeding at length to state his objections to the republican candidate, he 
 gives the following estimate of Mr. Black's qualifications and character: 
 
 "Speaking from a personal acquaintance of years' standing, the writer, if asked, would say of 
 Capt. William P. Black that he would bring to the legislative office a heart throbbing with a benev- 
 olent love for his fellow-men, sympathetic with their misfortunes, and ambitious to be of service to 
 them; a quick and enlightened conscience, with a profound sense of personal responsibility; an 
 independence of thought and action almost phenomenal; an honesty deep seated as the earth's 
 foundation; an incorruptibility absolutely unassailable; an intellect of great breadth and keenness; 
 a mind well stored with a comprehensive knowledge of law and history; a ripe and widely varied 
 experience; an eloquence at once dignified and impassioned, impressive and graceful; a patriotism 
 strengthened and purified on the battle-fields of the rebellion, and a courage which cannot be 
 daunted; a life so pure and spotless that the fierce breath of a bitter canvass has cast no mist upon 
 it; a religious principle, which manifests a reverent regard for all the ways of righteousness; a 
 widely gathered familiarity with the management of affairs, and a broad general culture; a splendid 
 presence, and manners courteous, affable and polished." 
 
 In 1874 Wabash College conferred on Mr. Black the degree of M.A., a graceful 
 recognition of his professional success and his services as a man of letters. 
 
 Mr. Black was married May 28, 1869, to Miss Hortensia M. MacGreal, of Gal- 
 veston, Texas, a Christian lady of clear and strong intellect, ripe culture and deep 
 enthusiasm of religious experience. She is the eldest daughter of the late Peter
 
 212 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 MacGreal, who was one of the leading lawyers of the Empire State of the 
 Southwest. 
 
 We close this sketch by a few words of personal description. Mr. Black is 
 over six feet in height, dark hair, now freely intersprinkled with gray; of spare 
 but graceful figure; a face strong and expressive; and a dark, bright eye, that 
 kindles under emotion or excitement, but is always kindly; his voice is clear and 
 strong; and these, added to an unusual flow of language, make him a speaker of 
 great power and magnetism. 
 
 GEORGE MILLS ROGERS. 
 
 EORGE MILLS ROGERS, son of Judge John G. Rogers, of the Cook 
 county circuit court, was born April 16, 1854, at Glasgow, Kentucky. He 
 fitted for college in the Chicago public schools, and finally in Chicago University, 
 and entered Yale College in 1872, graduating in 1876, when he returned to Chi- 
 cago and studied law in the office of Crawford and McConnell and attended the 
 Chicago Union College of Law; was admitted to the bar in June, 1878, and com- 
 menced practice in the firm of McConnell, Raymond and Rogers, and is now of 
 the firm of McConnell and Rogers. He is descended from a line of eminent 
 judges on both the paternal and maternal sides, and is a credit to his ancestry. 
 His abilities and character give promise that he will, if he lives, win the place in 
 the affection and esteem of the people, which his father now holds. 
 
 SAMUEL P. MCCONNELL. 
 
 SAMUEL P. McCONNELL was born in Springfield, Illinois, July 5, 1849. 
 He is of Scotch-Irish extraction, his grandfather immigrating to this country 
 from Belfast, Ireland, in 1811, located in New Jersey and subsequently moved to 
 Madison county, New York, and engaged first in the manufacture of powder and 
 later in farming and raising fine stock. In 1840 he moved to Sangamon county, 
 Illinois, and engaged in farming, being the first to introduce blooded stock in 
 that county. Two of his sons now reside on the old homestead farm. Gen. John 
 McConnell, father of the subject of this sketch, now resides at Springfield, and 
 is well known in this state as having been a brave and daring cavalry officer in 
 the late war. He was breveted brigadier-general for gallantry in several engage- 
 ments, and received the highest commendation from his superior officers. 
 Samuel P. was born on a farm and spent his youth there. He had the usual 
 preparatory education and was fitted for college; graduated from Lombard Uni- 
 versity at Galesburg, Illinois, in 1871, when he read law with the prominent law 
 firm of Stuart, Edwards and Brown, of Springfield, was admitted to the bar, and 
 came to Chicago in December, 1872, and commenced practice in the firm of
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 213 
 
 McConnell and Lanphier, which continued until the spring of 1874, when he 
 became a member of the firm of Crawford and McConnell, which was engaged 
 largely in important corporation litigation. Mr. McConnell, though young, evi- 
 denced a decided ability in this class of cases, and is still successfully engaged 
 in that line of practice, and has won and deserved particular credit on account 
 of his ability in that connection, as well as in general practice. In July of 1878 
 the firm of Crawford and McConnell was dissolved, Mr. Crawford discontinuing 
 the law business and engaging in railroad building and management, when Mr. 
 McConnell formed a partnership with Henry W. Raymond, son of the late distin- 
 guished Henry J. Raymond, and his brother-in-law, George Mills Rogers, son of 
 Judge John G. Rogers, of the Cook county circuit court. Mr. Raymond subse- 
 quently left the firm and is now one of the editors of the Chicago "Tribune," the 
 law firm now being McConnell and Rogers. Samuel P. McConnell is one of the 
 foremost of the younger attorneys of the Chicago bar; he is studious, industrious, 
 and faithful to his clients, and a successful lawyer, highly respected by the pro- 
 fession and those who know him. 
 
 In February, 1876, he married Sarah Rogers, daughter of Judge John G. 
 Rogers, chief-justice of the circuit court of Cook county. 
 
 WILLIAM PRESCOTT. 
 
 WILLIAM PRESCOTT, one of three children of William and Maria Pres- 
 cott, was born March i, 1832, in Devonshire, England. His parents were 
 natives of the same county, and were descendants of families which had for 
 many generations belonged to the agricultural class of the country. In the year 
 1848 Mr. Prescott's father and mother removed with their family to the United 
 States, and on July 4 in that year, reached Mt. Vernon, Ohio, which they then 
 intended to make their permanent home. Within a short time, however, the 
 father died, and the family was divided and scattered, but was reunited in the 
 fall of 1857, at Springfield, Illinois. 
 
 Having previously read some of the elementary books of the law, the subject 
 of our sketch entered the office of Hon. James C. Conkling of Springfield, and 
 there completed his preparatory law studies. He was examined for admission to 
 the bar in the spring of 1859, by a committee composed of the late Abraham Lin- 
 coln, the late Stephen T. Logan and James C. Conkling, a circumstance which 
 he has always regarded as a peculiar honor. Admitted to practice, he was imme- 
 diately thereafter elected city attorney of Springfield, and held the office one 
 year. At the beginning of the war he entered the army, and served continuously 
 until July 1865, being successively first lieutenant and adjutant, captain and 
 major. At the fall election of 1865 he was chosen judge of the county court of 
 Sangamon county, and held that office four years. He then resumed the practice 
 of his profession at Springfield, and remained there until October 1878, when he
 
 214 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 removed to Chicago. In the meantime, during the years 1873 to 1876, he held 
 the position of register of the United States land office, succeeding Hon. C. S. 
 Zane. In politics he has always been a republican, and until recently has 
 taken an active part in all the principal campaigns of this state, beginning with 
 the most memorable of all in the history of the country, that of 1859. 
 
 In 1867 Mr. Prescott was married to Miss Lizzie Wallace, at Memphis, Tennes- 
 see; he is a man of fine personal appearance, and is highly esteemed by a large 
 circle of friends, for his many social and amiable qualities. His reputation has 
 always been that of a man of sterling integrity and he has always been known 
 as a careful and able lawyer. 
 
 CAPT. CANUTE R. MATSON. 
 
 CANUTE R. MATSON was born in Norway in 1843. In 1848 his parents 
 V x immigrated to America and settled in Walworth county, Wisconsin, whence 
 in 1851 they removed to Dane county in the same state. Canute had an ambition 
 to obtain an education, and to this end attended the Albion Academy in Dane, 
 and subsequently Milton College, and was an apt and studious scholar, and 
 ranked among the best in his classes. He was in the latter college when the war 
 broke out, and being descended from an ancestry which had fought for freedom 
 and liberty, was very naturally prompted by patriotism and devotion to his 
 adopted country to enlist in the Union army, which he did, though quite young, 
 as a private in Co. K., i3th Wis. Inf., and went to the field as a private; was pro- 
 moted to commissary sergeant in 1862; first lieutenant of Co. G, in 1863; was 
 subsequently acting regimental quartermaster, and was such when mustered out 
 in December 1865, with a clean and untarnished record in all the capacities in 
 which he had served, and bears the reputation to this day of having been a brave 
 and faithful soldier and officer. 
 
 When he left the service he settled in Chicago, and attended a commercial col- 
 lege a few months, when he received an appointment in the postoffice. During the 
 time he published the " Postal Record," an official paper of the department in 
 Chicago. In 1868 he was elected clerk of the police court, and reelected in 1871, 
 having the appointment and supervision of the deputies. In 1875 he was appointed 
 justice of the peace, and re-appointed in 1879, and was regarded one of the best 
 and most reliable of the justices; in 1878 was admitted to the practice of law. 
 
 In the fall of 1879 his friends put his name forward for sheriff of Cook county, 
 and he proved to be the second strongest candidate before the republican county 
 convention, but being barely defeated he reluctantly accepted the nomination for 
 coroner of Cook county, which was made by acclamation, and was elected by the 
 largest majority of any one on the republican ticket; evidencing his popularity in 
 the city and county. He served in that capacity two years, and demonstrated the 
 possession of the administrative ability requisite in the successful discharge of 
 the duties of that office. In the fall of 1882 he declined a renomination for that
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 215 
 
 office, and his name was again put forward for sheriff, and he proved the second 
 time the second strongest candidate, but was defeated by the present incumbent, 
 Seth F. Hanchett, who wisely made him chief deputy sheriff, a position which he 
 now holds, 1883, giving full satisfaction to all who do business with sheriff's office. 
 He has attained to position through his merits; always serving the public faith- 
 fully and ably, he has the full public confidence. He is one of the most prominent 
 of the Scandinavian leaders in this city and state, and is popular with all nation- 
 alities and parties, as a man of excellent habits, good abilities and character. He 
 is respected by all who know him, and esteemed by his friends and intimates. 
 
 STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 
 
 QTEPHEN ARNOLD DOUGLAS, son of the celebrated statesman, Hon. Ste- 
 O phen A. Douglas, was born in Rockingham county, North Carolina, November 
 3, 1850. His mother, whose maiden name was Martha Denny Martin, a daughter 
 of Col. Robert Martin, was a native of the same county, and died in January, 
 1853. The history of his father, who died at Chicago, June 3, 1861, is familiar 
 to the American people. The last intelligible words uttered by him were a mes- 
 sage to his sons, Robert and Stephen, then at college, to "obey the laws and 
 support the constitution of the United States." 
 
 After completing his preparatory education, our subject attended Georgetown 
 College, District of Columbia, but left his studies during his senior year to look 
 after his mother's estate, comprising several plantations in North Carolina, Mis- 
 sissippi and Texas. This occurrence led him to engage extensively in the leaf 
 tobacco business. While in North Carolina, Mr. Douglas found himself early and 
 deeply absorbed in politics, growing out of the excited and threatening condition 
 of the country, and his patriotic instincts led him to promptly ally himself with 
 the party of freedom. In 1870, before he was twenty years old, he was made 
 chairman of the republican county delegation to the state convention, and about 
 the same time became editor in chief of the Raleigh " Standard," the organ of 
 the republican party in North Carolina. In that same year he was appointed 
 adjutant-general of the state, it being the incipient period of the ku klux troubles, 
 when 2,000 troops were raised to protect the lives of the colored people and of 
 republican leaders of all complexions. The condition of things at that time in 
 North Carolina and some other southern states, together with Mr. Douglas' able 
 leaders in the " Standard," led congress to consider the matter, and pass the ku 
 klux legislation, when Mr. Douglas resigned his post of adjutant-general. 
 
 In 1872 he was appointed a presidential elector, and, young as he was, made a 
 thorough canvass of his district. Four years later (1876) he was again placed on 
 the republican electoral ticket in North Carolina, and ran several hundred votes 
 ahead of his ticket, making a full and vigorous canvass, speaking in at least 
 fifty places.
 
 2l6 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 In November, 1876, Mr. Douglas entered the North Carolina Law School, under 
 Hon. Richmond Pearson, chief-justice of that state, and was there admitted to 
 practice in June, 1878. He opened a law office in Chicago in the following 
 March, and almost immediately took an honorable position at the Cook county 
 bar. In October, 1881, he was appointed master in chancery of the county court. 
 He belongs to the class of irrepressible young men whose talents and energies, 
 always wisely directed, place them in the forefront in every contest. He seems 
 to have inherited not only the build, but in a large measure the force of character, 
 mental powers and magnetism of his father, and he may or may not reach the 
 rounds of fame on which his father proudly stood. He is quite as much a favor- 
 ite of the republican party as his father was of the democratic party at thirty 
 years of age. In 1880 he was quite active in the Grant movement, and was 
 elected at the state convention at Springfield a delegate to the national conven- 
 tion held at Chicago, but was unseated on defeat of the "unit rule." During the 
 memorable campaign of that year, which resulted in the election of Garfield and 
 Arthur, he canvassed nearly the whole state of Illinois, and aided, by his persua- 
 sive eloquence, in securing an unusually large majority in Illinois for the repub- 
 lican nominees. Since the close of that great political contest Mr. Douglas has 
 been quietly practicing his profession in Chicago, being of the firm of Decker, 
 Douglas and Kistler. Few young men of his age have made an equal amount of 
 history. Mr. Douglas attends the Reformed Episcopal church, but is not a mem- 
 ber of any religious association. 
 
 EBEN F. RUNYAN. 
 
 EBEN F. RUNYAN is a gentleman, modest and unassuming, but positive in 
 his character, of great versatility of talent, who has gained a wide and 
 excellent reputation, as a careful and pains-taking lawyer. He carefully exam- 
 ines all the details of every case intrusted to his care, and never commences suit, 
 except to win, and defends with a zeal and tact that invariably shows all there is 
 in the case. He has a faculty of presenting a case to both court and jury, with 
 clearness, conciseness and force, and has met with remarkable success. He is 
 thoroughly read in his profession, and having a sharp and correct faculty of anal- 
 ysis, a fertile mind and readiness of resource in argument, has attained great 
 prominence as an advocate. 
 
 Mr. Runyan was born in Victory, Cayuga county, in the state of New York, 
 December 3, 1831, and lived in that town until the spring of 1838, when, by the 
 death of his father, he was left an orphan, and compelled to care for himself. He 
 had none of the advantages of an early education, and, with slight exceptions, 
 had no regular teaching in schools, until the winter of 1848, but during all those 
 years, and ever since, when not engaged in labor, he spent his time in reading, 
 studying and thinking, and thus gained a valuable fund of practical knowledge, 
 which is at all times at his command.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 2\"J 
 
 In the spring of 1849, he entered the store of Capt. T. F. Comstock, father of 
 E. F. Comstock, of Chicago, at Wilton, Saratoga county, New York, and remained 
 there until the spring of 1850. Although he met with excellent success in his 
 position, and gave entire satisfaction to his employer, and his customers, he was 
 not satisfied, and sought other fields where there was a larger range for his active 
 mind, and having faith in the West, in April, 1850, he started for Illinois, making 
 most of the journey on foot. From June n of that year, until March, 1853, he 
 was engaged during the summer months in McHenry county, Illinois, in farming, 
 and in the winter months, in teaching school, one of his pupils being Hon. J. C. 
 Knickerbocker, probate judge of Cook county. 
 
 In the spring of 1853, he entered the Academy at Waukegan, Lake county, 
 Illinois, then under the management of Hon. F. E. Clark, of that city, and soon 
 after entered the law office of W. S. Searles, as a student at law, and remained 
 with him until he was admitted to the bar, in the spring of 1855. He was a close 
 student, never sought pleasure until his lessons were completed, and then only as 
 a rest. He then and always believed that whatever was worth doing, should be 
 well done, and was so strict in his adherence to the rules, forms and principles of ' 
 the text books, that for years after he commenced the practice of the law, he 
 would not himself use, nor would he permit a student in his office to use, a blank 
 in the preparation of a case for court. 
 
 In June, 1855, he commenced the practice of law in Chicago, and met with 
 excellent success. He was warm and magnetic in his feelings, and soon gathered 
 around him a host of friends. January i, 1856, he formed a partnership with T. 
 B. Brown, of Chicago, under the name of Brown and Runyan, and they con- 
 tinued to practice law until the fall of 1859. Among those who have been asso- 
 ciated with him in the practice are D. J. Avery, one of the masters in chancery 
 of the superior court of Cook county, and E. F. Comstock, both of whom were 
 students with him, and are excellent lawyers, and Hon. Mason B. Loomis, ex- 
 judge of the county court. He has controlled a large business, and has had a 
 vast experience in the general law, as well as other business. 
 
 He was a member of the Board of Education of Chicago, from 1864 to 1874, 
 and during the entire period, took an active part in everything connected with 
 educational matters. He was once elected vice-president, and twice elected pres- 
 ident of the board. Upon the organization of the Board of Park Commissioners 
 for West Chicago, he was, by the governor, appointed one of the commissioners, 
 and was connected with the board for about seven years, and took an active part 
 in the location and improvement of the west parks and boulevards. He was 
 auditor of the board during the entire period of his connection with it. In the 
 summer of 1876, prior to his failure in business, he resigned his position in the 
 Park Board, believing as he still believes, that a man who is unsuccessful in the 
 management of his own finances, should not manage the finances of the people. 
 He has been a man of great activity and enterprise, and done much to develop 
 the resources of Chicago. 
 23
 
 2l8 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He is strictly temperate in his habits, and insists that it is just as easy to say 
 " no" as "yes," and that no man thinks less of one, for refusing to drink with him, 
 when he knows that the objection is a matter of principle. In all his counsels, he 
 is conscientious and careful. He is a gentleman of refinement and culture, and 
 affable and kind in his intercourse with all. He has conducted many important 
 suits and interests, and won his way to the position of a leading lawyer in Chi- 
 cago, by the exercise of energy, superior ability and legal attainments. He was 
 married January 2, 1860, to Miss Flora R. Avery, of Waukegan, a most lovely 
 woman, by whom he has six children. 
 
 GEORGE W. COTHRAN, LL.D. 
 
 A FTER all that may be done for a man in the way of giving him early oppor- 
 L\. tunities for obtaining the acquirements which are sought in the schools and 
 in books, he must essentially formulate, determine and give shape to his own 
 character and future. He is mainly responsible for his own manhood, as a rule. 
 This general proposition applies to George W. Cothran, now one of the foremost 
 members of the Chicago bar. He was born February 25, 1834, on a farm in Roy- 
 alton, Niagara county, New York. When he was four years of age, his father 
 died, leaving his mother with a small and heavily encumbered estate, and a fam- 
 ily of thirteen children, of which George was the youngest. In the fall of 1838, 
 his mother sold the homestead, and moved with her family to Richland county, 
 Ohio, where she remained till the spring of 1842, when the purchaser, having 
 failed to pay for the homestead, reconveyed it to her, and she returned to it to 
 live. George remained there with his mother, attending school and doing farm 
 work, until 1850, when his mother again removed, with the four children remain- 
 ing at home, to Lockport, New York, and the succeeding four years George 
 devoted his attention to the mechanical arts, of which he was fond, and became 
 proficient in several branches. He acquired a practical knowledge of the 
 branches he pursued, and could to-day draw plans of, and build, almost any 
 structure of wood, iron or stone, which knowledge has been of service to him in 
 the practice of his profession, in the class of causes involving such questions. 
 In 1854, at the age of twenty, he entered the law office of Phineas L. Ely, of Lock- 
 port, and commenced the study of law, remaining three years, at the end of which 
 time he was admitted to the bar to practice in all the courts of the state of New 
 York, and at the examination, conducted by three judges in open court, he cor- 
 rectly answered all of the searching questions, with a single exception. He had 
 application, and power of concentration, which has always been a distinguishing 
 feature of his mind, notwithstanding the fact that before he entered upon the 
 study of law, he had wandered into the flowery paths of literature, science and 
 art, and had contributed to magazine and periodical literature to quite an extent, 
 and has since his admission to bar, especially illustrating the annals of the litera- 
 ture of law and jurisprudence.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 2 19 
 
 After his admission to the bar, he remained one year with his preceptor, 
 when, in September, 1858, he opened a law office of his own in Lockport, and at 
 once entered into a good practice. So successful was he that but one law firm 
 had more cases on the court calendar than he had. He remained in practice 
 until 1861, when he left his profession, organized Battery M, ist N. Y. Vol. Lt. 
 Artillery, was commissioned its captain, and went to the front; and no volunteer 
 battery achieved a better reputation in the Army of the Potomac than Cothran's 
 battery. He served with Gen. Banks in the Shenandoah Valley campaign, under 
 Gen. Pope during his inglorious command of the Army of the Potomac, from 
 Cedar Mountain to the time he turned over the command to Gen. McClellan, 
 then through South Mountain and Antietam. He was eight hours under fire in 
 the latter battle. Then followed the brief and disastrous careers of Burnside and 
 Gen. Hooker, and the more successful one of Gen. Meade. About the time of 
 the Gettysburg fight, he was compelled to resign on account of ill health. Dur- 
 ing the grand retrograde movement of Gen. Pope, after a severe artillery battle 
 at Beverly Ford, on the Rappahannock, in consequence of exposure in an all- 
 day and night's rain, he took cold, which culminated in sciatica-neuralgia in his 
 right limb, from which he was a great sufferer for more than ten years, and has 
 not yet fully recovered. 
 
 After the battle of Antietam he was recommended to President Lincoln for 
 promotion, for meritorious services in the field, by every commissioned officer in 
 the eleventh army corps, including Gen. Banks, its late, and Gen. A. S. Williams, 
 its then commanding officer. But the Harrison's Landing letter of Gen. McClel- 
 lan, had been written, and the successor of President Lincoln became a matter of 
 such great political importance at Washington that Douglas democrats were not 
 appointed thereafter as readily or as frequently as in the earlier stages of the 
 war, coupled with the fact that he would do nothing to aid his promotion. He 
 remained with his battery, even when serving on Gen. Williams' staff as chief of 
 artillery of the first division of the twelfth corps. He was offered promotion to 
 the position of major or lieutenant-colonel by the adjutant-general of New York, 
 but he declined, as the command of a battery is really the only responsible 
 position in the artillery service. Many amusing anecdotes of the captain and his 
 battery were printed in the Drawer in "Harper's Magazine," and in "Knicker- 
 bocker" at the time. 
 
 On leaving the army in 1863, he married the only surviving child of W. W. 
 Mann, of Buffalo, New York, and in the fall of that year went to Buffalo to live, 
 and commenced the practice of his profession. "There were giants in those 
 days " in the Buffalo bar, a bar that had no superior in any city in the Union. 
 The subject of this sketch, by perseverance, close attention to business, and a 
 thorough mastery of his cause, soon took a place in the foremost rank of that cel- 
 ebrated bar, and no lawyer of his age stood higher in the estimation of the New 
 York court of appeals than he. While in the flush of successful practice in Buf- 
 falo, in July, 1879, he came to Chicago to help his friend, F. E. Hinckley, in unrav-
 
 22O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 eling the legal complications in which his railroads had become involved, and he 
 it was, that preserved the Chicago and Iowa Railroad Company, and placed it in 
 its present successful situation. He was soon after appointed the general solic- 
 itor of the Chicago and Iowa Railroad Company, Chicago, Pekin and South- 
 western Railroad Company, and the Chicago, Rockford and Northern Railroad 
 Company, and the appointment has led to his permanent residence in this city. 
 
 Mr. Cothran has never been much of an office seeker or office holder. In 
 addition to his office of captain of artillery in the army, the only other office he 
 has held was that of county judge of Erie county, New York, for one year. His 
 appointment to that office was the first official act of Gov. Robinson, of New York, 
 and was recommended by ex-Gov. Tilden, his intimate friend. At the end 
 of his term, he declined to take a nomination, and continued his practice. It 
 was nearly the unanimous wish of the bar that he should remain on the bench, 
 but he preferred the active practice of his profession. On different occasions, he 
 was suggested for nomination for judge of the New York court of appeals, but he 
 invariably declined to enter the field. Having been nominated for judge of the 
 superior court of Buffalo, he declined to run, but on a subsequent occasion, he 
 permitted the use of his name for that office, but was defeated with his party at 
 the polls. 
 
 While engaged in the practice of his profession, he edited and published the 
 sixth edition of the revised statutes of New York, in three massive volumes, con- 
 taining 3,700 pages. The labor bestowed upon these volumes was immense, and 
 for this work, and his high standing at the bar, he received the honorary degree 
 of LL.D. He has also edited the latest editions of the Illinois revised statutes in 
 one compact volume. It is the edition now used by judges and lawyers almost 
 exclusively. The same evidences of careful preparation, which made his New 
 York statutes so valuable, are observable in this later work. 
 
 Judge Cothran is a great lover of books, and has pretty thoroughly traversed 
 the whole range of literature. His private library is unique, and embraces a 
 large collection of rare works on the origin, formation, and progress of religions 
 and religious ideas. His law library is probably more thoroughly annoted than 
 any other in the city. 
 
 Art and music are his hobbies. His house, on LaSalle avenue, is literally 
 filled with oil paintings by distinguished foreign and American artists. But his 
 musical library, probably the largest private collection in America, is an object 
 of curiosity, as well as of peculiar interest. It embraces all the choice editions of 
 the great tone poets, as well as nearly all modern composers of any merit or 
 celebrity, all conveniently arranged, and beautifully bound. It is envied by all 
 musicians, many of whom avail themselves of it to consult rare works. 
 
 His schooling was the schooling of practical life, resulting from the "struggle 
 for existence " by a young man with no other means than brains and a determi- 
 nation to achieve success. While not the graduate of any college, he has been a 
 great friend of educational institutions, and was one of the founders of the Buf-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 221 
 
 falo College of Physicians and Surgeons, and was its first president, and until 
 after his removal to Chicago, occupied the chair of medical jurisprudence. 
 
 As a lawyer, he is distinguished by clearness and comprehensiveness of state- 
 ment, and clearness of argument, preferring to solve a legal problem by argu- 
 ment, and general principles of law, than by a mass of mere authorities, though 
 he is exceedingly diligent and patient in research, when he depends upon author- 
 ities. Candid, cautious, thorough in the study and evolving of facts and prece- 
 dents, and clear in his analysis of the principles of law and equity, with a clear 
 comprehension of the spirit and scope of jurisprudence, and the independence to 
 lay his cause before the court, according to his best judgment of the law and 
 equity of the cause he is advocating, a keen sense of honor, which Wordsworth 
 says is the finest sense of justice and right, which the human mind can frame, 
 he is still a student, quiet and studious in his demeanor and habits, and an inde- 
 fatigable worker. He has arisen to eminence and success as the result of his 
 own indomitable energy, and inborn ability directed into the channel it has been, 
 and controlled by himself; in short, a self-made man. 
 
 GEORGE E. DAWSON. 
 
 GEORGE E. DAWSON was born June 23, 1847, at Loami, Illinois, where 
 his parents, Charles H. Dawson, and Julia (Meacham) Dawson, resided at 
 that time. His father, a blacksmith and plow manufacturer, was one of the first 
 inventors of the gang breaking plow, and made several valuable improvements in 
 double cultivators. When George was five years of age his parents removed to 
 Jacksonville, Illinois, where his father continued business. Here he attended 
 school until twelve years of age, when he again moved with his parents, settling 
 on a farm for two years, and engaging in farm work, attending the county 
 schools as opportunities offered, until 1861, when his father again moved and 
 settled in Springfield, Illinois. Here George entered the high school, graduating 
 in the English course as salutatorian of his class. The following year he spent in 
 the employ of the provost marshal of the eighth district. Having determined to 
 secure a college education, the year following was spent in preparatory studies 
 under a private instructor. The usual preparatory course of three years in Latin 
 and Greek was completed by him in one year, and in the fall of 1866 he entered 
 the University of Michigan, pursued the regular classical course of four years, and 
 in the summer of 1870 graduated with the degree of B.A. Subsequently he 
 received his M.A. degree from the same institution. 
 
 Upon leaving the university Mr. Dawson taught for one year as principal of 
 the high school at Flint, Michigan. In the following year he went to Buffalo, 
 New York, where he had charge of the department of Latin and Greek in the 
 central high school, and remained there for three years, gaining an excellent rep- 
 utation as a classical instructor. In the summer of 1874 Mr. Dawson wishing to
 
 222 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 obtain a more thorough knowledge of the modern languages, went abroad and 
 spent two years in the study of German, French and Italian. Having studied 
 these languages in this country, his study abroad enabled him to acquire a final 
 command of them, both in reading and speaking. While abroad, Mr. Dawson 
 traveled about the continent during the summer months, and spent the winter in 
 hard study at the universities. The greater portion of his time in Germany was 
 spent at Leipzig and Gottingen, at the former of which he attended lectures on 
 the Roman law. He also attended lectures for a short time at the Collegio 
 Romano, in Rome, and at the College de France, at Paris. 
 
 After two years thus profitably spent in travel and study, he returned to 
 America, arriving in Philadelphia May 9, 1876, the day prior to the opening of 
 the Centennial Exposition. 
 
 Mr. Dawson, having a decided preference for the West, returned to Springfield, 
 Illinois, and for one year was principal of the high school where he had formerly 
 been a pupil. Thence he went to Peoria, Illinois, and for two years was princi- 
 pal of the high school there. In the summer of 1879, Mr. Dawson removed to 
 Chicago, taking charge of the Washington school, where he remained two years. 
 Having for several years devoted his leisure hours to the study of law, study- 
 ing under the direction of a prominent law firm in Peoria, and in Chicago in the 
 office of James Goggin, he passed his examination at Springfield in May, 1881, 
 and was admitted to the bar of Illinois, beginning his practice July i, 1881. 
 
 In the fall of 1882 he became associated with Mr. Isaac H. Pedrick, a well 
 known attorney of Chicago, under the style of Pedrick and Dawson. With the 
 unusually broad and deep foundation which he has laid, his perseverance and 
 high literary talent and attainments, Mr. Dawson cannot but take a first rank in 
 his profession. 
 
 GEORGE DRIGGS. 
 
 EORGE DRIGGS, a member of the legal fraternity of Chicago, is a native 
 of Livingston county, New York, and was born at Mount Morris, May 18, 
 1846. His parents were Elias Beach Driggs, a native of Connecticut, and Sarah 
 (Rowell) Driggs, a native of Vermont. After the death of his parents, when only 
 a lad, Mr. Driggs went to live with relatives at Fairlee, Vermont, near the New 
 Hampshire line. In early years he attended the academy at Orford, New Hamp- 
 shire, afterward continuing his studies under private instruction up to the time of 
 his appointment to a position in the United States treasury department under 
 Secretary McCullough. While in Washington he found opportunity to continue 
 his law studies already begun, and was graduated from the Columbia Law School, 
 in the class of 1868, immediately entering upon the practice of law in Washington, 
 where he remained for about two years, when he went to New York city. In 
 1871 Mr. Driggs accepted a position in the office of Hon. ]. R. Swan, at Colum- 
 bus, Ohio, at that time general solicitor of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 221, 
 
 *J 
 
 Railway Company. He continued as the assistant of Judge Swan, and of his suc- 
 cessor, Hugh J. Jewett, until the latter assumed the presidency of the Erie Rail- 
 way Company early in 1875, when Mr. Driggs was appointed assistant counsel 
 of the Pennsylvania company, and Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railway 
 Company, with headquarters at Pittsburgh, in which position he remained until 
 he came to Chicago, February i, 1881, and formed a partnership with George 
 Willard, of whom a sketch is given on another page. Willard and Driggs, in 
 addition to a general legal business, are the solicitors for several railway and 
 other corporations. 
 
 Mr. Driggs is a firm republican in politics, entertains liberal religious views, 
 and is a Knight Templar in the masonic order. 
 
 In 1872 he married Miss Helen Griffmg, a native of Ohio; they have two chil- 
 dren, a son and a daughter. 
 
 JOHN CUTHBERTSON. 
 
 JOHN CUTHBERTSON was born February 16, 1829, at Liverpool, England. 
 J His parents were Jonathan and Winfred (Stanton) Cuthbertson, his father 
 being of English origin, and mother descending from wealthy farmers of Ireland. 
 His father, when a boy, ran away from home and joined a merchant ship as cabin 
 boy, and followed a seafaring life for a number of years, attaining different posi- 
 tions of rank, and encountering many dangerous voyages. He held the position 
 of mate on the schooner Albion, which, when at sea in St. George's channel 
 between the Irish and Welsh coasts, in the summer of 1814, was boarded by the 
 American privateer, Princess, who took the greater portion of the cargo, and 
 made prisoners of the crew, and then set fire to the ship, and carried the crew to 
 Boston bay, where they were kept until the close of the war of 1812, when he 
 returned to England, and soon after, at the age of twenty-one, was given com- 
 mand of a vessel (of which the late Joseph Cuthbertson of Workington, grand- 
 father of our subject, was the sole owner), and for a long time was engaged in 
 traffic between Demerara and Liverpool. The ancestors of Mr. Cutbertson have 
 held prominent positions under the English government, and some were seafar- 
 ing men of wealth and good standing. 
 
 When John was five years old his mother, by reason of ill health, removed to 
 Westport, her native town in Ireland. Here John resided until 1853, when he left 
 forChicago. He received his early education at Westport, and afterward studied at 
 the academy of the Christian Brothers, under celebrated Latin and Greek tutors, 
 and here began his study for his profession. After finishing his education, Mr. 
 Cuthbertson, in the summer of 1848, went on a visit to his grandfather to Work- 
 ington, England, and thence to Liverpool, his native town; here he entered the 
 employ of a Mr. Barry (an old friend of his father's, and a wealthy ship owner), 
 who sent him aboard the ship John Bolton to Quebec, to look after the cargo. 
 The ship loaded square timber at Quebec, for Liverpool, and on September i,
 
 224 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 1848, proceeded down the gulf of St. Lawrence. When they had reached a point 
 thirty-five miles southeast of the island of St. Paul, she fell in with a terrific 
 gale, became waterlogged and unmanageable, and was abandoned. The crew 
 were picked up by the bark Sarah Ann, and taken to Fleetwood, near the city 
 of Lancaster, England. After arriving home Mr. Cuthbertson went to live with 
 his father, who had retired from the sea and was engaged as a ship broker, and 
 in emigration business. Here he made several trips with emigrants, and secured 
 cargoes for home. 
 
 In the spring of 1853 Mr. Cuthbertson left England for Chicago, where he 
 remained for some time before engaging in any enterprise, visiting his friends, 
 etc., until the spring of 1855, when he recommenced the study of law with John 
 Mason, a celebrated criminal lawyer of Chicago, and after a creditable examina- 
 tion, was admitted to the bar of Illinois, at Ottawa, October 12, 1857. He imme- 
 diately formed a partnership with his preceptor, which continued for a period of 
 two years, and between them a warm friendship always existed to the time of 
 the death of Mr. Mason, in 1879. 
 
 In 1862 he was elected justice of the peace, and served the full term of four 
 years, to the satisfaction of the public. In politics Mr. Cuthbertson is a democrat, 
 in religion a Roman Catholic. He married a lady of Chicago, and has a family 
 of four sons and two daughters. He is a man of varied attainments and refined 
 in his tastes and habits, and withal is an excellent performer on the piano and 
 violin, with which he delights in amusing the home circles. The accumulated 
 wealth of his grandfather and uncles is soon to be handed down to him and 
 his father, who resides with him, and Mr. Cuthbertson expects soon to retire from 
 the active duties of the Chicago bar, of which he has for years been an honored 
 member. 
 
 EDGAR L. JAYNE. 
 
 EDGAR L. JAYNE is one of the most promising young lawyers of the Chi- 
 cago bar. By strict attention to business and true fidelity to his clients, he 
 has already attained high rank in his profession for a man of his age. He is a 
 well read lawyer, a good advocate, and excels in the trial of cases. He is a care- 
 ful counselor, and his foresight is so keen that he seldom fails in a case to which 
 he has given his mature deliberation. Being a good judge of human nature, and 
 naturally reticent, he has a faculty of discovering the hand of his opponent with- 
 out showing his own. He never goes to trial without thorough preparation, and 
 the zeal and energy with which he presents and advocates his client's cause usu- 
 ally crowns his efforts with success. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and was 
 born April 7, 1848, at Meshoppen, Wyoming county. He prepared for college at 
 Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Pennsylvania, and entered Cornell University in 
 1869. In 1872 he left Cornell University and entered the University of Chicago, 
 where he acted in the double capacity of tutor and student, and graduated in 1873.

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 22"J 
 
 The following fall he entered the Union College of Law, from which he graduated 
 in 1875. Being admitted to the bar he at once began practice, and continued 
 alone until 1877, when he formed a partnership with DeWolf and Young, under 
 the name and style of Jayne, DeWolf and Young, which was dissolved in 1879, 
 since which time he has been practicing by himself, with excellent success. Mr. 
 Jayne, though independent of party influence, is a staunch republican, and takes a 
 great interest in local affairs, but never to the injury or neglect of his professional 
 duties. He is secretary of the Chicago Bar Association, having been elected in 
 January 1882. He is a gentleman of fine presence, being of medium height, with 
 a fine intellectual forehead and keen black eye. He is affable, refined and 
 polished, and has a happy faculty of making friends. He is a gentleman of strict 
 integrity, and has the confidence of the courts before whom he practices, the good 
 will of his brethren at the bar, and the respect and admiration of his clients, 
 whose interests he is ever ready to espouse with a becoming enthusiasm and zeal. 
 
 FREDERICK A. HERRING. 
 
 THE subject of this biography was born in the city of Elberfeld, Prussia, 
 August 5, 1845, and is the son of Dr. Frederick Herring, now a prominent 
 physician of Goshen, Indiana, and Amelia (Wolff) Herring. His maternal grand- 
 father was John Wolff, an architect of considerable note, of Elberfeld, who drew 
 the plans of several important buildings at that city. Adolf Schultz, a noted 
 German poet, scholar and patriot, who died in 1860, married a sister of our sub- 
 ject's mother. His literary works and poems were supposed by the government 
 officers to be incendiary, and consequently were suppressed in 1848. The German 
 literary societies of the Rhine valley erected a monument to his memory over his 
 grave at Elberfeld, and extended the freedom of the German universities to his 
 children. 
 
 Mr. Herring graduated in 1863 in the classical course of Hillsdale College, 
 Michigan. He then taught school four years, two years as principal of Cassopo- 
 lis union school, and two years as principal of Mt. Clemens union schools, Michi- 
 gan. During and before this time he studied law, and spent his vacations in 
 the law office of Baker and Mitchell, of Goshen, Indiana, with whom he continued 
 to study until he was admitted to the bar in September 1871. He removed to 
 Chicago May i, 1872, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois on examination 
 before the supreme court in September of that year. He then formed a copart- 
 nership with Consider H. Willett, which continued until 1879, since which time 
 Mr. Herring has been in business by himself. 
 
 In political sentiments Mr. Herring is a staunch republican. He has been an 
 earnest and zealous worker in politics, and has taken part in all political cam- 
 paigns since 1868. He took the stump for Gen. Grant in Indiana and Michi- 
 gan, and during the campaigns since then has stumped Illinois and Wisconsin, 
 24
 
 228 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 speaking in both the German and English languages, under the direction of the 
 state central committee, but has never sought or accepted political preferment 
 for himself, finding in his professional work ample scope for the gratification of 
 his highest ambitions. 
 
 Mr. Herring is a very thorough lawyer and a safe counsel. He is an earnest, 
 logical speaker and a good advocate, and especially valuable as a campaign 
 speaker, being very fluent in German as well as English. He is a gentleman of 
 integrity, stands well at the bar, and is an upright, honorable citizen. 
 
 He was married in Chicago in 1875, to Miss Kate Lonergan, of Chicago. 
 
 ARTHUR G. OTIS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born at Milo, Michigan, November 22, 1849, 
 and is the son of Hon. Isaac Otis, ex-judge of the probate court of Barry 
 county, Michigan, an old settler and a very extensive land owner. The mother 
 of our subject was Caroline A. (Curtis) Otis. Both parents were Quakers and 
 natives of the state of New York, and of English descent. Arthur G. commenced 
 his education in the public schools, and then fitted for college. He entered the 
 Michigan University in the literary department, and graduated from that institu- 
 tion in 1871; studied law with Hon. D. Darwin Hughes, of Grand Rapids, Michi- 
 gan, one of the ablest lawyers of that state; removed to Chicago in 1875 and 
 entered at once into a successful practice of the law. Mr. Otis is a well read 
 lawyer, a dilligent student, and an expert in office business. He is especially 
 efficient in all branches of real estate matters, and is a safe and reliable legal 
 counselor. He is a fluent speaker and a good trial lawyer. He is a gentleman 
 of strict integrity and has the respect of all who know him. Courteous, cultured 
 and refined, he is at the same time a social, genial companion, and has a large 
 circle of friends. 
 
 FRANKLIN P. SIMONS. 
 
 THE circumstances under which a man is born and reared, do not to any 
 great extent, shape the man's future. After all that may be done or left 
 undone, the man must, essentially, formulate and give shape to his character. 
 Ability or education derived from experience cannot be purchased with, or bar- 
 tered for, money. What a man becomes, is but the outcome of his inborn princi- 
 ples, an evolution of himself by himself. To form an estimate of a man, it is 
 necessary to know what he has accomplished, and how he has accomplished it. 
 Franklin P. Simons, the subject of this biography, was born in New York city, 
 September 18, 1853. He was left motherless at the age of two years, and an 
 orphan at the age of seven years, and at this early age was left to depend upon 
 his own resources to make his way in the world. His parents were Americans.
 
 THE BENCH AJVD BAR Of CHICAGO. 22g 
 
 His mother's maiden name was Henrietta Height, of an old family in the East ; 
 his father was Nelson P. Simons, at one time cashier of the Mercantile Bank in 
 New York, who will be remembered by the older settlers in Chicago, as the one 
 who opened and managed the first amphitheater in Chicago, which was located 
 on or near the site of the court house, and was also engaged in other enterprises 
 there. He lost his health and property, and died of cholera in 1860, and his 
 remains were taken to New York, in sole charge of Franklin, who arrived there 
 fatherless, motherless and penniless. He was a courageous boy, and faced the 
 situation with bravery, resolution and fortitude, and earned his living by doing 
 whatever his willing heart and hands could find to do, selling papers, blacking 
 boots, or anything honorable, and attending school when opportunity offered. 
 When sixteen years of age, he went to Aurora, Cayuga county, New York, the 
 home of those generous and beneficent men, E. B. Morgan and Henry Wells, the 
 latter the founder of Wells, Fargo and Company's Express, and of Wells Female 
 College, located there. These men, discovering his worth, took him by the hand 
 kindly, and encouraged and aided him in getting an education, and pursuing 
 whatever profession or vocation he might choose to follow in life. At the age of 
 eighteen, he commenced the study of law, and continued it there for two years, 
 as he could get time from other duties. In May, 1872, he removed to Chicago, 
 completed his law studies, and was admitted to the bar in 1874, and commenced 
 his career as a lawyer, without a law book, a client, or a dollar in money, and 
 eight dollars in debt for the desk on which he wrote. Commencing the practice 
 of law in this great city, in the midst of a sea of matured legal knowledge, and 
 among much older and experienced men, with the expectation of success, would 
 be to many young men a discouraging and almost hopeless undertaking ; but to 
 him it was not a new experience, and he commenced the struggle for success in 
 his profession, the same as he commenced that for a livelihood when a boy of 
 seven years of age, with high resolves and purposes, and the determination and 
 courage to consummate them. He has succeeded well thus far, which fact pre- 
 supposes the possession on his part, of native ability, tact, energy and persever- 
 ance, which have enabled him to meet, and master every emergency. The world 
 is too full of well directed intellectual energy to admit of the thought that one, 
 no matter how naturally brilliant, can float into permanent success without 
 effort, vigilance, patient industry and energetic effort to which the success of Mr. 
 Simons so far is attributable. He has attained to a high standing at this bar, 
 and ranks among the first of the younger members of the profession here. As a 
 speaker and advocate on the forum or before a jury, he is fluent, graceful, elo- 
 quent and effective. 
 
 While he is a general practitioner, he has developed a particular ability in 
 criminal practice. In the case of Gary, indicted for murder in 1878, Mr Simons 
 (on the advice and recommendation of a distinguished criminal lawyer, who had 
 been retained to defend, and at a late day was compelled to withdraw from the 
 case) undertook the defense, though he had but a short time in which to prepare,
 
 330 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and this, his first trial of the kind, with the press and popular prejudice against 
 him, and succeeded in securing a light sentence for his client. He was compli- 
 mented by a great number of the members of the bar of this city, for the skill, 
 ingenuity and ability he evidenced in the conduct of the case. In the same year, 
 he successfully defended Mark Gray, who attempted the assassination of Edwin 
 Booth, in McVicker's Theater, and who was sent to the insane asylum, and has 
 since been released. Other cases could be cited, in which he has been successful, 
 when the best legal talent at this bar was opposed to him. He is a man of integ- 
 rity, and faithful to the interests of his client, and is held in high regard by his 
 friends. 
 
 JACOB NEWMAN. 
 
 MR NEWMAN, although a young man, has already won a high position in 
 the profession. He is emphatically a self-made man; one of a large family 
 of children, he was born in Germany, November 12, 1851. Four years later his 
 family removed to this country, settling in Butler county, Ohio. Possessing a 
 precocity of intellect, and a thirst for knowledge beyond his years, the quiet, 
 uneventful life on the farm presented for him few opportunities, and fewer attrac- 
 tions, and at the early age of nine years, we find him starting out for himself. 
 Unaided by the advantages of wealth or its accessories, but with that native 
 independence of spirit and indomitable perseverance which have always charac- 
 terixed him, he went to Noblesville, Indiana, where he remained some seven years. 
 In 1867 he removed to Washington, Pennsylvania, and during the same year he 
 removed to Chicago, which has ever since been his home. 
 
 By his personal industry and frugality he was enabled, at the age of eighteen, 
 to enter the University of Chicago, where he pursued a thorough course of study, 
 and graduated with honors in 1873. He then entered the law office of Hon. James 
 R. Doolittle, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1875. He was fortunate in 
 escaping the term of probation which usually falls to the lot of young lawyers, 
 by securing at once a partnership with Judge Graham, then of Chicago, and 
 immediately commenced the active practice of his profession. 
 
 The removal of Judge Graham in 1877, to a western city, left Mr. Newman 
 alone in business, but with a good clientage, which he was able not only to 
 retain, but to increase. He remained alone until 1881, when he became associated 
 with Mr. Adolph Moses, under the firm name of Moses and Newman. 
 
 Possessed of a clear, vigorous intellect, and a metaphysical turn of mind, one 
 secret of Mr. Newman's success as a lawyer, is a familiarity with the principles 
 and ground work of the law as a science, and quickness to discover the salient 
 points of a case, and readiness in applying the principles governing them, as dis- 
 tinguished from what is commonly called a case lawyer. 
 
 Mr. Newman is a Jew in religious belief, and is actively connected with several 
 educational and charitable societies of that faith. In politics he is a republi-
 
 HCCoopar Jr 4 Co 
 
 Enn by EGWJl.atns 4 Sro N Y
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 23! 
 
 can. Brilliant, sagacious, and of strictest integrity, he maintains the honor and 
 dignity of his profession. He is sympathetic and warm-hearted, faithful as a 
 friend, generous to a fault, and has attracted to himself a large circle of friends, 
 who esteem him for his ability, manliness and genuine worth. 
 
 GEORGE A. MEECH. 
 
 ^EORGE APPLETON MEECH, son of Appleton and Sibyl (Brewster) 
 V_T Meech, was born in Norwich, Connecticut, January 19, 1824. His father 
 was captain of a war vessel, a privateer, during the war of 1812 and 1814, and 
 afterward had command of a vessel engaged in the East India trade; his grand- 
 father was Jacob Meech, a captain in the revolutionary war, a prisoner at one 
 period, and afterward wounded in the battle of White Plains. His mother was a 
 descendant of Rev. Wm. Brewster, of the Mayflower. 
 
 Our subject is a graduate of Yale College, class '43; he taught one year at 
 Norwich, Connecticut, after receiving the degree of A.B., reading law at the same 
 time with Hon. Lafayette S. Foster, who was afterward president of the United 
 States senate. He went to the South and taught two or three years, where he 
 also read law with Mr. Manning, of Demopolis, Marengo county, Alabama, and 
 then returned to New England. He finished his legal studies with Hubbard and 
 Watts, and Hon. Robt. Rantoul, of Boston, and was admitted to practice in his 
 native state in 1848. The next year he was appointed justice of the peace, and in 
 1853 was elected judge of the probate court in the Norwich district, Connecti- 
 cut, and in the autumn of the same year resigned that office and removed to the 
 West, hoping thereby to improve his wife's health. He settled in Chicago, and 
 soon had a good practice, finding here a wide field for the exercise of his legal tal- 
 ents, and the exhibition of his excellent drill received at the East. In 1862 he 
 was elected city attorney, the duties of which office he discharged with ability and 
 to the satisfaction of the public. The next two years he served as city assessor of 
 the south side, doing his work with the utmost faithfulness. From 1864 to 1875 
 he gave his whole time to his profession, and had a very lucrative practice. For a 
 long time he managed the celebrated Commodore Bigelow estate, a very import- 
 ant trust, in which he displayed great ability and the highest degree of integrity. 
 
 In the spring of 1875 Mr. Meech was selected by the judges as one of the jus- 
 tices of the south side, and ,at the nomination of justices in the spring of 1879, he 
 presented a monster petition for the consideration of the appointing powers. It 
 was signed by all the bankers and business men, and embodied the signatures of 
 every bank president in Chicago. The petition of the bankers was as follows: 
 
 "The undersigned bankers of this city respectfully request of your honorable 
 body the nomination of George A. Meech for reappointment to the office of justice 
 of the peace of Cook county, for the public known reasons, that he has for four 
 years filled that office with intelligence, and the dignity becoming a court of 
 justice."
 
 232 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Similar petitions were presented by the underwriters and other business men. 
 
 Mr. Meech received the unanimous vote of the judges. His office is located 
 at 151 South Clark street, and is a model one in every respect. It is free from that 
 class of vagrants who are usually found around a justice office, and in every 
 respect presents a quiet and dignified appearance, being as orderly as the highest 
 courts of the city. Mr. Meech is too neat in his tastes, too refined in his manners, 
 too polished in mind to run a slip shod police court. As a lawyer he is well read 
 and clear headed, and is a judge thorough in his investigations of the law, care- 
 ful and deliberate in his opinions and honest in his decisions. 
 
 Says a Chicago journalist: " As a citizen he is loyal and true, and has been espe- 
 cially faithful to the community in which he lives. As a man he possesses most 
 admirable qualities, warm and sympathetic in his friendships, courteous, affable, 
 social and genial, he possesses that plain style and matter-of-fact directness of 
 purpose, and that modest and unobtrusive manner, to be expected in one who, 
 like himself, has an utter contempt for all shams and mere pretense." 
 
 Mr. Meech is classed among the democrats, and during the civil war was pro- 
 nounced as a war democrat; is a Royal Arch Mason and Knight Templar, a mem- 
 ber of the Apollo Commandery, No. i, and in religious belief is an Episcopalian. 
 
 He is a polished and high toned gentleman. Mr. Meech has a third wife; he 
 first married in 1850 a daughter of Rev. Daniel Dorchester, of Norwich, Connec- 
 ticut, who died in 1859. In 1861 he married a daughter of Hon. Milo Hunt, of 
 Chenango county, New York, she dying in 1878, and in 1880 he married a daugh- 
 ter of Capt. William Story, of Norwich, Connecticut, by whom he has his only 
 living child, a son. 
 
 The highest compliment that can be paid to Mr. Meech is the hearty endorse- 
 ment which he has received at the hands of the bench, and by our better class of 
 citizens generally. He has won and retains the esteem and confidence of the 
 community, by his rectitude of purpose, and the faithfulness and honesty with 
 which he has performed his duties as a public functionary. 
 
 GEN. HAMILTON N. ELDRIDGE. 
 
 A MONG the lawyers in Chicago who attained an honorable and noteworthy 
 t\- prominence was Gen. Hamilton N. Eldridge. He was born in South Wil- 
 liamstown, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, and at the time of his death, which 
 occurred November 27, 1882, was fifty-one years of age. He was the oldest 
 son of Col. Reuben Eldridge, who was colonel of a regiment in the Mexican 
 war, a man of generous instinct and beneficent character, and well known in that 
 part of Massachnsetts. Hamilton fitted for college in East Hampton, Massa- 
 chusetts, and entered Williams College in 1852, and graduated four years later, 
 taking the first prize of his class for elocution, same class with the late President 
 Garfield. He studied law with his cousins, the late Judge Ira Harris, and his
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 233 
 
 brother Hamilton Harris, in Albany, New York, and graduated at the law school 
 in the same place in 1857, and removed to Chicago the same year; was for a time 
 in the office of Baker and Hyatt, after which he began practice for himself. In 
 1858 he formed a partnership with.F. W. Tourtellotte, under the style of Eldridge 
 and Tourtellotte, which continued until his death. 
 
 In 1862 he entered the service as lieutenant-colonel of the izyth regiment 111. 
 Inf., and during the same year was promoted to the rank of colonel. At the bat- 
 tle of Arkansas Post he and his regiment were first inside the confederate works, 
 and at the battle before Vicksburg in 1863 he distinguished himself by a valorous 
 and brave act, for which he was made brigadier-general; after all the color-guard 
 had been shot down he took the colors in his own hands and gallantly bore them 
 himself, and led his regiment over the fortifications of the enemy. After his 
 retirement from the army, he devoted himself closely to his profession, and was 
 engaged in some of the most important and noteworthy cases before the higher 
 courts in the West. He was a man of indefatigable industry, faithful to the inter- 
 ests of his clients, and successful in his practice. He was of medium height, erect 
 in stature, courteous and affable in manner, an effective and eloquent speaker, 
 and a gentleman esteemed by all who knew him. 
 
 EUGENE B. PAYNE. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born April 15, 1835, in the village of Seneca 
 Falls, New York. In the spring of 1837 his father and mother moved to 
 Lake county, Illinois, and settled on a farm, where they now reside (1883). The 
 paternal grandfather of our subject, Elisha Payne, moved from the state of Con- 
 necticut to Hamilton, New York, which place he founded, and filled various 
 offices during his life, among them being that of circuit judge. The wife of 
 Elisha Payne, and the grandmother of Eugene, was Esther Douglas, a lineal 
 descendant of the Douglases of Scotland, her eldest son now living being Thomas 
 H. Payne, of Lake county, Illinois, the father of Eugene, and the second being 
 Hon. Henry B. Payne, of Cleveland, Ohio, who was a member of the electoral 
 commission of 1876. Young Payne was raised upon his father's farm in Lake 
 county, receiving a good common school and academic education. At the age of 
 twenty he commenced teaching school through the winters and reading law 
 during the summer months. In the spring of 1859 he entered the law depart- 
 ment of the University of Chicago, and graduated therefrom in July, 1860, and 
 was admitted to practice at the same time by the supreme court of Illinois. 
 
 In October, 1860, he hung out his sign at Waukegan, Lake county, Illinois, 
 and practiced law until the firing upon Fort Sumter, when, his patriotism being 
 aroused, he speedily raised a company of no men and started for Springfield, 
 April 16, 1861, where he reported and was assigned to duty. After the three 
 months' term he reenlisted his company as Co. C, in the historic 37th regiment
 
 234 T!fE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 111. Vol. Inf., or Board of Trade Rifles, as they were called, for three years or 
 during the war. In the 37th regiment Capt. Payne was soon commissioned 
 major, then lieutenant-colonel commanding regiment, and was afterward bre- 
 vetted by the secretary of war as full colonel, and then brigadier-general, for 
 brave and meritorious services at the battles of Pea Ridge, Prairie Grove, Vicks- 
 burg and others. His health giving way, he resigned and came home in 
 October, 1864, and the day after his arrival was nominated by the republican 
 convention of Lake county for representative in the Illinois general assembly, 
 and was elected by the largest majority ever received by any representative from 
 Lake county. He served with such fidelity and zeal during the regular and 
 special sessions of 1865-6 that he was reelected in 1867, and served until 1869. 
 During the sessions of the assembly of 1867 and 1868 Col. Payne was chairman 
 of the important committee on finance, and was recognized as a leader in the 
 house. Finding that politics seriously interfered with his law practice, Col. 
 Payne declined all proffers of political honors, and in 1868 resumed the practice 
 of law in Chicago. He removed to South Evanston, his present home, in 1874. 
 He is now, and has been since 1874, the attorney for the corporation of the 
 village of South Evanston. 
 
 JOSEPH O. GLOVER. 
 
 AMONG the distinguished lawyers who were early at the Illinois bar, few have 
 been more closely identified with its system of jurisprudence, or contributed 
 more to determine the character and present position of the state than Joseph O. 
 Glover. A man of strong intellect, with a nice sense of right and justice, and 
 with characteristic virtues in professional and private life, whatever he did was 
 strongly affected by these qualities. 
 
 Mr. Glover was born in Cayuga county, New York, April 13, 1810. His father 
 was Hon. James Glover, of New York, for many years judge of the Chenango 
 county court of that state, and was appointed by Gov. DeWitt Clinton as one of 
 the three commissioners who located and had charge of the construction of the 
 Auburn penitentiary. Hon. George Rathbun, of Auburn, who was member of 
 congress from the Cayuga district for several terms, was a brother-in-law of our 
 subject. 
 
 Mr. Glover was educated at the high school in Aurora, New York, and after- 
 ward studied law fora short time with his brother, Justus S. Glover, a prominent 
 lawyer in Penn Yan. Mr. Glover came west in 1835, without having decided 
 upon the law as his profession, but having been obliged, on account of the illness 
 of his father's attorney, to attend personally to a case in the land office at Ga- 
 lena, involving a part of his father's estate, met with such success that he was 
 immediately employed by strangers, in two similar cases. Thus he seems to 
 have been led to take up the study and practice of law, and was afterward
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 237 
 
 admitted to the bar, having completed the necessary period of study in the office 
 of T. Lyle Dickey, now of the supreme bench of Illinois. He soon formed a 
 partnership with Hon. B. C. Cook, which lasted over thirty years, with no other 
 change than the admission of Geo. C. Campbell as a partner. 
 
 This firm was for many years one of the leading law firms of northern Illinois, 
 as is attested by the reports of the state, and it was only dissolved after Mr. 
 Glover had been appointed United States attorney for the northern district of 
 Illinois, Mr. Cook general solicitor of the Chicago and North Western Railway 
 Company, and Mr. Campbell general solicitor of the Chicago, Rock Island and 
 Pacific Railroad Company. 
 
 Mr. Glover was evidently born to be a lawyer, and the accident which deter- 
 mined his professsion was a happy one. He possesses great sagacity, is a keen 
 observer and correct judge of human nature and human motives, and has seldom 
 been deceived in his estimate of men; he has a thorough knowledge of the fun- 
 damental principles and rules of law, and great familiarity with the principal text 
 writers in the different departments. His main reliance, when authorities were 
 needed, was on principles, rather than on adjudged cases, trusting to himself to 
 apply the rule and its reason to the case in hand. 
 
 While a man of strong convictions, tenacious and hard to be convinced that 
 he is wrong, when once he has carefully concluded he is right, he is of a most 
 genial disposition, and has, to an uncommon degree, the faculty of being not only 
 upon speaking, but friendly terms with almost every one he meets; scarcely any 
 one looks upon him as a mere acquaintance. His qualities were such that he 
 naturally devoted himself more to litigation upon the law rather than the chan- 
 cery side of the courts, and was always found to be a formidable antagonist, on 
 account of the shrewdness of his examination of witnesses, his aptitude in illus- 
 tration, and his faculty of avoiding any antagonism with the sympathies and 
 modes of thought of those he is addressing. 
 
 Mr. Glover married in 1837 Jeannette Hart, whose sister afterward became the 
 wife of his partner, Mr. Cook, their father being Judge Orris Hart, of Oswego, 
 New York, a member of the convention which framed the constitution of that 
 state, and also one of the first superintendents of the Erie canal. Their children 
 were three, Julia, the wife of Geo. C. Campbell, one of the leading members of 
 the Chicago bar; Henry T., a member of the Chicago bar, and Otis R., a broker 
 in New York city. 
 
 In politics Mr. Glover was formerly a democrat, and was the associate of 
 Stephen A. Douglas and other leading statesmen in the West. But when that 
 party repealed the Missouri compromise and seemed to favor the introduction of 
 slavery into the territories, he joined with others in forming the republican party, 
 of which he has ever since been an earnest and active member. Few men have 
 made more republican speeches in Illinois, and during the war his eloquence was 
 heard throughout the state, rallying men to the support of the flag and the main- 
 tenance of the Union. To him and his contemporaries belongs the credit of 
 25
 
 238 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 shaping public sentiment before and during the war, thereby being greatly instru- 
 mental in its happy termination. 
 
 Mr. Glover, though an ardent politician when there was work to do, has never 
 been an office seeker, but he has held several offices. He was a member of the 
 legislature at an early day, and exerted a strong influence in determining the 
 character of the state. Although the city of Ottawa, where he resided the greater 
 portion of his professional life, was strongly democratic, he was elected its mayor 
 by a very large majority. In 1868 Mr. Glover was a presidential elector. He was 
 appointed United States attorney for the northern district of Illinois, by Presi- 
 dent Grant, and reappointed at the end of the term. Since he has retired from 
 active practice of law, he has been a canal commissioner of the state, now hold- 
 ing the position, under a reappointment, for a second term, and during the whole 
 period acting as president of the board. A prominent feature of Mr. Glover's 
 character is his unwavering and never questioned integrity in every relation in life. 
 This character well established caused him to be often selected for positions of 
 special confidence, of which many wills and instruments of trust bear testimony, 
 and gave him a completeness as a lawyer, which, wanting this, the brightest gifts 
 would have failed to confer. 
 
 JOHN W. BYAM. 
 
 ONE of the most promising lawyers at the Chicago bar is John W. Byam. 
 He is a gentleman of great versatility of talents, and extraordinary energy. 
 He is very adroit in the trial and management of his cases, and has a power and 
 quickness of repartee, and an ability to adapt himself to emergencies, that are 
 singularly effective in his clients' interests, and destructive of the plans of oppos- 
 ing counsel. Whenever he presents a case to the court, he is prepared with the 
 authorities which support the legal proposition involved, and in this particular 
 is always clear and complete in his preparation. As an advocate, he has much 
 ability. He is always sincere, and as a public speaker, is ready, fluent and logical, 
 and can tell an apt story with incomparable mimic effect. As he is yet a compar- 
 atively young man, he has before him a future of great promise. In appearance 
 he is of medium height, of stout build, with a light, clear complexion, with keen, 
 blue eyes, and full, heavy beard. 
 
 He is profuse in his illustrations, possesses a fine fund of anecdote and humor, 
 and being a good conversationalist, is a most intelligent and enjoyable social 
 companion. Our subject was born in the village of Warsaw, Wyoming county, 
 New York, September 10, 1837, and is the son of Israel and Eudoxia (Smith) 
 Byam. He was educated at Genesee College, Lima, New York, and studied law 
 with George Davis, then of Geneseo, Livingston county, New York. He then 
 entered the Albany Law School, and graduated therefrom in 1865, and was 
 admitted to the New York bar the same year. He at once entered upon a suc- 
 cessful career as a lawyer, at Livonia. New York. His talents were immediately
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 239 
 
 recognized; his ability as an advocate soon gained for him a wide reputation, and 
 his practice extended into the adjoining county of Ontario, and he was consid- 
 ered one of the ablest and most learned lawyers in that part of the state. He 
 served two terms as school commissioner of Livingston county, New York. 
 
 In his practice his labors were so excessive, owing to the great amount of 
 travel in attending the different courts, that he was finally persuaded by friends 
 living in Chicago, to remove thither, where he has been engaged in quite an 
 extensive practice, considering the time he has resided there, having moved to 
 Chicago, in May, 1882. He was married November 26, 1862, to Miss Maria 
 Horsford, an estimable lady, and the daughter of Hon. Jerediah Horsford, former 
 member of congress from New York, and father of Prof. Horsford, of Cambridge. 
 
 SEARS AND FOSTER. 
 
 THIS firm is composed of two young men who give promise of rising to a 
 prominent position at the Chicago bar. Nathaniel C. Sears is a graduate of 
 Amherst College, of the class of 1875, and is now twenty-eight years of age, 
 having been born at Gallipolis, Ohio, August 23, 1854. In 1875 he went to 
 Europe and studied Roman and international law in the universities of Heidel- 
 berg and Berlin. He returned to America in 1877, and going to Chicago entered 
 as a student in the office of W. H. King, and was admitted to the bar in 1878. 
 
 Henry A. Foster, the junior member of the firm, was born in Winona, Minne- 
 sota, and is a grandson of Henry A. Foster, of Rome, New York, who is an old 
 and very noted lawyer, and was at one time judge of the court of appeals of New 
 York state. Mr. Foster was educated principally, in Canada, at the University of 
 Toronto; leaving there in 1876, he settled in Chicago, and for a time was 
 employed in the county treasurer's office. He was admitted to the bar in 1879, 
 having studied law in the offices of Gardner and Schuyler, and of John M. Round- 
 tree. He held the office of minute clerk of the probate court for some time, and 
 consequently has a very large probate practice. The above partnership was 
 formed in Mav 1881. 
 
 FRANCIS W. S. BRAWLEY. 
 
 THE subject of this biography, a native of Erie county, Pennsylvania, was 
 born February 12, 1825, the son of John Brawley and Mary (Saltsman) 
 Brawley. His father was for many years assistant judge of the court of common 
 pleas, of Erie county, Pennsylvania. After acquiring an academical education, 
 he commenced the study of law at Erie, with Hon. John Galbraith. In 1845, 
 although he had not reached his majority, he was prepared for admission to the 
 bar, and he thereupon removed to Chicago, where he remained two years; at the 
 expiration of which time he removed to Freeport, Illinois, and returned to Chi-
 
 240 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 cago in 1869. He engaged for a time in teaching school, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1847. He took a prominent position in the profession, and for years 
 was attorney for different railroad and insurance companies. 
 
 During his practice he was associated with Hon. Martin P. Sweet, Hon. 
 Thomas J. Turner and Hon. J. M. Bailey, all leading jurists in the Northwest, the 
 last named being now a judge of the appellate court of Illinois. In early life, he 
 was a staunch democrat, of the Stephen A. Douglas school, and enjoyed the per- 
 sonal friendship and confidence of Senator Douglas. For a year or more, he 
 edited the Freeport "Bulletin." He was twice elected county superintendent of 
 schools for Stephenson county, and was for a long time a member of the board 
 of education of Freeport, and prepared the special charter under which the pub- 
 lic schools of Freeport are conducted. He was city attorney of Freeport, and 
 postmaster from 1852 to 1858. He is a Knight Templar in Masonry, and a 
 member of the Protestant Episcopal church. He was married in 1850 to Mary 
 Reitzell, daughter of Philip Reitzell, of Stephenson county, Illinois. 
 
 JUDGE CHARLES B. WAITE. 
 
 /~*HARLES B. WAITE was born in Wayne county, New York, in the year 
 V_x 1824. His father was Daniel D. Waite, an eminent physician. His mother 
 was Lucy Clapp, daughter of Israel Clapp, one of the first settlers of Cayuga 
 county. About the year 1825, Dr. Waite removed with his family to Cayuga 
 county, where the subject of this sketch spent his boyhood and early youth. He 
 was much of his time in school until twelve years of age, after which his educa- 
 tional advantages were limited, the large family of his father making it necessary 
 to devote to hard labor many of those years ordinarily devoted to educational 
 pursuits. He early formed the habit of close application to study, which he has 
 kept up during his whole subsequent life. 
 
 In 1840 Dr. Waite, with his family, removed to Illinois, and settled near Chi- 
 cago, a town, at that time, of only 4,500 inhabitants. He entered land adjoin- 
 ing the present site of the village of Norwood, at government prices, which 
 is now worth $1,000 per acre. Two years later he removed to St. Charles, 
 Illinois, where he resided many years, highly respected by a large circle of 
 acquaintances. He afterward resided in Chicago. At the age of nineteen young 
 Waite studied Greek and Latin at Joliet, and commenced his law studies with 
 William E. Little of that place. In 1844 he entered Knox College at Galesburg. 
 Although he spent but one year in that institution, President Blanchard and the 
 faculty, some ten years afterward, voluntarily conferred upon him the degree of 
 A.M. In 1845 he went to Rock Island, where he continued his law studies, 
 teaching classes and evening schools for support. 
 
 In 1846 he published an anti-slavery newspaper. His mind had been early 
 imbued with the principles of universal liberty and an intense hatred of American
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 24! 
 
 slavery. His paper, the " Liberty Banner," was published at Rock Island. At 
 that time there was but a handful of anti-slavery .voters in the whole county. 
 The enterprise was a financial failure, but the spirit that prompted it remained, 
 and was manifest in the many hard blows given during the memorable political 
 struggles which followed. 
 
 In 1847 Mr. Waite was admitted to the bar, and soon after entered into a prac- 
 tice which was large and lucrative. Shortly afterward the law firm of Brackett 
 and Waite was formed, which, with some interruptions, continued for more than 
 twenty years. While in Rock Island, he acquired the reputation of being one of 
 the most reliable real estate lawyers in the West. 
 
 In 1848, though well known as a prominent anti-slavery man, he announced 
 himself as an independent candidate for states attorney for that judicial district, 
 composed of the counties of Rock Island, Henry, Lee, Ogle, Whiteside and Car- 
 roll. To defeat him, the whig and democratic parties united. Even then Waite 
 carried Henry county by a large majority, and Lee by a hundred votes. 
 
 In 1853 he settled in Chicago, and in a short time was recognized as one of 
 the most successful lawyers in the city. In the case of Taylor vs. Coffing, which 
 had been argued by six or eight of the best lawyers of the state, Mr. Waite, hav- 
 ing expressed a decided opinion that the supreme court had erred in deciding 
 the case, was employed by Col. E. D. Taylor, of Chicago, to make an argument 
 on the question involved. He spent nearly a month in the Law Institute library 
 preparing his argument. A rehearing in the meantime having been granted by 
 the supreme court, the case was again argued and a decision which had been 
 twice rendered and published was proven to be erroneous. This was a result 
 which has seldom been achieved. 
 
 In the spring of 1854 he was married to Miss Catharine Van Valkenburg, of 
 Iowa, a woman of great moral worth and superior mental attainments. For a 
 time she was at Knox College, but graduated with honors at Oberlin, Ohio. 
 Mrs. Waite is well known as a teacher and writer, and as a prominent advocate 
 of the social reforms of the day. During her stay at Utah with her husband she 
 wrote a work of great merit. It is often quoted by writers as being the only 
 authentic history yet given to the public, of that strange people. As a friend 
 she is invaluable; as a wife and mother she has few equals and no superiors. 
 
 In 1862 Mr. Waite was appointed, by President Lincoln, associate justice of 
 Utah territory. He was at that time thirty-eight years of age. He removed 
 with his family to Salt Lake. Here his nobility of character soon made itself 
 manifest. He could neither be coaxed nor intimidated. 
 
 In the spring of 1863, he having prepared a bill for the purpose of enabling 
 the federal judges to execute the laws, the Mormons took alarm, held a large and 
 excited meeting, passed inflammatory resolutions and appointed a committee to 
 wait upon the government judges requesting them to resign and leave the terri- 
 tory. The answer of Judge Waite was characteristic. " To comply with your 
 request," said he, " would be to admit either that I had done something wrong or
 
 242 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 that I was afraid to remain. I am not conscious of either guilt or fear. I can- 
 not therefore accede to your request." This was during the civil war. Presi- 
 dent Lincoln thought he could not support the judges by military force. Judge 
 Waite, finding that the laws could not be enforced, resigned his position. During 
 his stay in the territory every means was taken to intimidate him, and at one 
 time his life was openly threatened. 
 
 In 1863 he visited the mining regions of Idaho, which had been recently 
 organized. The first political canvass of the territory occurred soon afterward 
 in which Mr. Waite took an active part. His influence was felt and seen in the 
 election of Wallace, the republican candidate, by a large majority. 
 
 In 1864 he removed to Idaho City where he remained two years and a half. 
 Here he had an extensive practice, and a portion of the time was district attor- 
 ney of Boise county, where nearly all the business of the territory is transacted. 
 
 He opposed and firmly resisted the vigilance committee which was organized 
 in 1865-6. In doing so he ran the risk of personal violence, his life being fre- 
 quently and openly threatened. 
 
 Judge Waite returned to Chicago in 1866 and resumed the practice of his 
 profession. 
 
 In 1868 he was employed to go to Washington and make an argument before 
 the committee of elections of the house of representatives in the Utah contested 
 election case. His argument was a masterly one, being a thorough and able 
 expos^ of the whole system of Mormonism in its relations to the people and to 
 the government of the United States. 
 
 About this time he became an advocate of woman suffrage, then compara- 
 tively in its infancy in the Northwest. At Chicago, St. Louis, Detroit and other 
 cities he made addresses on the subject, which commanded respect and turned 
 people from ridicule to investigation. He also wrote for different journals and 
 was recognized by the public as the ablest advocate of woman suffrage in the 
 Northwest. 
 
 The prominent feature in Judge Waite's character is his moral courage which 
 has borne him onward through life until he has gained the respect of all who 
 know him. He is a thorough, careful speaker, a good writer, modest in his 
 deportment, warmly attached to his friends, and, all in all. a most valuable mem- 
 ber of society. 
 
 The winter of 1872-3 he spent in the Sandwich Islands. While there he 
 studied carefully into the manners and customs and the social and political con- 
 dition and history of the people. He also visited the great volcano on the island 
 of Hawaii, accounts of which, with many other matters of interest, were pub- 
 lished in the Chicago "Tribune." He hopes to spend much of the remainder of 
 his life in travel and study, devoting his time to literature and philosophy, and 
 paying particular attention to social and political science, to which subject he 
 has already given much study and reflection. 
 
 During the last five or six years he has spent much of his time in Washington,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 243 
 
 D. C., engaged in making investigations of a literary character in the library of 
 congress. One important result has been the publication of a work entitled "The 
 History of the Christian Religion to the Year 200." The work was published 
 in Chicago in January, 1881, and was very favorably received by the leading 
 papers of the city, and by the press generally of this country, and has attracted 
 much attention in Europe and other countries, and has received the highest com- 
 mendations from European scholars. It is now in the third edition. Judge 
 Waite is still engaged in investigations of a similar character the result of which 
 he is publishing in the form of a quarterly entitled the " Record." 
 
 JOHN GIBBONS. 
 
 JOHN GIBBONS was born March 18, 1848, in Ireland. His parents were 
 John and Cecelia (Carr) Gibbons. He immigrated to the United States in 
 1866. He received his scholastic training at a private academy in Londonderry, 
 at Broad Street Academy in Philadelphia, and Notre Dame University, Indiana. 
 Thoughtful and apt as a pupil, he made good use of the keys of learning, which 
 are all that the schools can give, and his alma mater at Notre Dame, in 1877, made 
 him, by honorary degree, a master of arts. Reading law in the office of William 
 H. Martin, of Philadelphia, he turned to the courts as the proper place to con- 
 tinue and perfect himself in that study. He was admitted to the bar in 1870, and 
 every hour that he has been a lawyer, he has been a student. He has been at 
 once practitioner and pupil. The fact deserves recognition, as the method deserves 
 praise. Seeing his capacity and his promise, his new legal friends at Keokuk, 
 with that esprit i/e corps which makes the law the most magnanimous and admi- 
 rable of professions, solicited and obtained for him, shortly after his coming to 
 Keokuk, the appointment of assistant prosecuting attorney. He held the place 
 until he resigned it, nearly five years later. From 1873 to 1876 he was also 
 city attorney, kept in the place by the vote of both republicans and democrats. 
 Some of the most noticeable and distinguishing work Mr. Gibbons ever did, was 
 in this capacity. The city was a debtor, at once compromising and defendant. 
 Many nice and intricate points under the law of contract and debt, complicated 
 by intruding elements of federal law, were involved in or arose under these city 
 cases, taxing alike the ingenuity of counsel, and the research of courts. Many 
 of these points, at once practical and obscure, refined but germane, were enlight- 
 ened by the originality, developed by the industry, and made cogent by the 
 capacity of Mr. Gibbons. Elected to the legislature in 1876, as a member of the 
 most brilliant, and probably the best, delegation Lee county ever had in the gen- 
 eral assembly, he was put at a disadvantage at the outset by being, if not the 
 youngest, the least known, and so at the start did not fare so well as his asso- 
 ciates in the assignments to committee work. But the test of the work of a 
 session showed the qualities of the man. Before the legislature adjourned, he
 
 244 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 was conceded to be the highest authority in the house, upon questions of consti- 
 tutional law. The nourishment then given his influence by his ability, secured 
 for him a year later the nomination of his party for the attorney generalship 
 of the state. While in the legislature, Mr. Gibbons moved the following amend- 
 ment to the state constitution: 
 
 "That no public funds, moneys, or revenues whatever, shall be appropriated or used in the 
 establishment, support, or maintenance of any school, seminary, college, or institutions of learn- 
 ing or charity, unless the same shall have been established by the laws of the state of Iowa, and 
 under its control; nor shall any institution established, supported and maintained at the public 
 expense, be under the control of any religious denomination, nor shall sectarianism, atheism, or 
 infidelity be ever taught therein." 
 
 In January, 1880, Mr. Gibbons removed to Chicago, and has since that time 
 practiced in that city. His practice is large and profitable, consisting mainly of 
 corporation cases. Successful as a practitioner, it would yet seem a fair presump- 
 tion that Mr. Gibbons' highest qualities and capabilities are judicial; that if he 
 had opportunity he would win his highest possible distinction, and do his best 
 work as a judge. 
 
 JOHN I. BENNETT. 
 
 JOHN I. BENNETT was born in Otsego county, New York, November 27, 
 .' 1831. His father, Joseph Bennett, and his mother, whose maiden name was 
 Lydia Birdsall, were both of Quaker parentage, and much of the time during the 
 early life of the subject of this narrative was spent with his Quaker grandparents 
 at Quaker Hill, in Delaware county, New York, a settlement which at that time 
 consisted almost entirely of Quakers. His early impressions of life and society 
 were received from the excellent people of this sect, and their teachings and prac- 
 tice made a lasting impression upon him. 
 
 At the age of twelve, he removed with his parents to Knox county, Illinois, 
 where he resided for three years, when he returned with them to Davenport, Del- 
 aware county, New York. Here, as before, he passed through all of the experi- 
 ences incident to farm life ; performed labor of every character usual in carrying 
 on the business of farming, including also the manufacture of lumber in a saw- 
 mill, which his father owned and operated on his place. Here he was first made 
 acquainted with Rev. Sanford I. Ferguson, then about to become principal of 
 Charlotte Academy, now a Methodist minister in New York city. The boy was 
 engaged in sawing the lumber for this academy, and Dr. Ferguson, on one of his 
 business trips to the mill, having become attached to the boy, extracted a prom- 
 ise from the father, that, when the academy was completed and opened, the sub- 
 ject of this narration might become his pupil. 
 
 And so it was that in 1849 he was transferred from the saw-mill to the acad- 
 emy. His opportunities for education had been very limited up to that time, but 
 no opportunities for improvement were lost from thenceforward. He rose rap-
 
 HCCccp.r Jr S Cn 
 
 cX 
 
 En; ^EG'Mlli.fH! S 3r N If
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 247 
 
 idly and thoroughly through the earlier studies of the academic course, and 
 within little more than a year from the time he entered the academy was chosen 
 a teacher, and thereafter pursued his studies, and taught-at the same time. Here 
 he continued until September 1851. In September, 1851, he entered the sopho- 
 more class at Union College, and graduated from that college with the highest 
 honors of his class in June 1854. 
 
 The college was then at the height of its usefulness and reputation. The 
 renowned Eliphalet Nott was its active president ; Drs. Hickok and Lewis and 
 Jackson and Foster and Gillespie and Peissner were then there in the full vigor 
 of their active, useful and eminent lives. The alumni of the Union were then 
 warm to the heart of their alma mater. The year of his graduation was the semi- 
 centennial of Dr. Nott's presidency of the college, and thousands of the alumni 
 were at the commencement. During his three-year course, the record of the col- 
 lege shows that Mr. Bennett pursued not less than three, and most of the time 
 five or six studies, and that he did not fail to receive during all that time, except 
 in one study during the first term, less than the maximum mark. He was 
 awarded by the faculty the Latin salutatory at commencement, and chosen a 
 member of the Phi Beta Kappa Fraternity. 
 
 The money to defray his college expenses was borrowed upon his own note, 
 though a minor, and paid out of his first earnings after graduation. From 
 August, 1854, to July, 1857, he was principal of Liberty Academy, at Springfield, 
 Tennessee. Here young men from nearly every southern state attended upon 
 his teachings. Many of these to-day are actively engaged in the various profes- 
 sions and callings through the southern states, and especially in Tennessee. In 
 the summer of 1855, he married, at Henderson, Kentucky, Maria E. Reynolds, a 
 companion of his early youth in Delaware county, New York. 
 
 During his residence in Tennessee he purchased his own law boqks, and read 
 the elementary treatise of the law. He closed his school in June, 1857 ; was 
 admitted in the same month to the Tennessee bar, and removing to Galva, Henry 
 county, Illinois, in July, 1857, was shortly after admitted to the Illinois bar, and 
 practiced his profession at Galva, Illinois, until May 1872. He was admitted to 
 practice in the Supreme Court of the United States, in January 1865. When the 
 war of the rebellion broke out, he was appointed on Gov. Yates" staff, with the 
 rank of colonel, and devoted much of his time, during the earlier years of the 
 war, in recruiting men, and aiding the government, for which he never asked or 
 received any compensation. In 1860 he was prostrated with typhoid fever. His 
 life was despaired of by his friends, and his health was left permanently impaired, 
 so that, although he desired to do so, he could not enter the service. 
 
 In the campaign of 1864, he was chosen the republican elector for the fifth 
 congressional district of Illinois, and stumped the district at his own expense. 
 He was elected, receiving next to the highest number of votes of any of the 
 republican electors. He was successful in his practice, took an interest in public 
 matters, for two years supported and owned the Galva " Union," a newspaper of 
 26
 
 248 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 his town, purchased, developed and operated coal mines at that place, was a can- 
 didate for circuit judge against Hon. George W. Pleasant in a circuit composed 
 of Henry and Rock Island counties, and carried his own county by over 1,000 
 majority, but was defeated by a small majority by the vote of Rock Island city; was 
 for many years a member of the board of education of the schools of that place. 
 
 In May, 1872, he removed to Chicago, where he now resides. In 1878 he was 
 elected a member of the board of trustees of the village of Hyde Park, of which 
 board he was chosen president ; was reflected the succeeding year, and again 
 was chosen president of the board. During these two years, the debt of the vil- 
 lage was reduced over $250,000. He was also connected with the board of edu- 
 cation in Hyde Park for several years. In 1879 he was appointed one of the 
 masters in chancery of the United States, for the northern district of Illinois, 
 which office he now holds. He is also in active practice of his profession, with 
 his eldest son. 
 
 The sturdy and successful attempts to secure an education, the boldness, the 
 assurance, if you will, with which debt was incurred to insure that education, 
 that is the sort of action that marks a heroic young manhood, and which is sure 
 to bring forth fruit in achievement in the world. There is always ability in the 
 boy who is determined, cost what it will, to get an education. It always pays to 
 educate that boy. Of such stuff was Garfield made, and many, nay, every man 
 who has gone to the front by his own exertions. This farm life, lying out beyond 
 our cities, how it feeds the metropolis with its best blood. There is the rugged- 
 ness of farm-life in this man. He meets obstacles and overcomes them as the 
 ploughshare forces a furrow. 
 
 ROSWELL B. BACON. 
 
 AMONG the reputable lawyers of the Chicago bar is Roswell B. Bacon. He is 
 a native of western New York, and was born near the village of Medina, 
 Orleans county, September 28, 1838. He is the son of Allen Bacon, and Uianthia 
 Bacon, both of whom were natives of Vermont, and good types of the early Ver- 
 mont settlers. The father was a large and successful farmer, possessed of excel- 
 lent judgment and sterling integrity, and whose advice and judgment were much 
 sought by his friends and neighbors. He held numerous local positions of trust 
 and honor, all of which he filled with credit and honor. He was of English 
 descent. The mother was of Welsh descent, and before marriage was Miss Dian- 
 thia Hulburd, and of an old Vermont family. Both parents were of the Puritan 
 type in their religious and educational ideas. 
 
 The subject of this sketch spent his early life upon the farm, and commenced 
 his education at the common school. He subsequently prepared for college 
 at Temple Hill Academy, at Geneseo, New York, and from there went to 
 Williams College, where he graduated in 1862. After graduation he taught school
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 249 
 
 for six or eight months. He then entered upon the study of the law, in the law 
 office of Benedict and Martindale, in the city of Rochester, New York, and was 
 admitted to the bar in that city in 1864. He removed to Chicago in the autumn 
 of 1865, and from that time to May 1868 was connected in a clerical capacity with 
 the well known firms of Gallup and Hitchcock, Gallup and Peabody, and Barker 
 and Tuley. In May, 1868, he formed a partnership with Hon. C. M. Hawley, under 
 the firm name of Hawley and Bacon, which after a year's duration was dissolved 
 by the acceptance of Mr. Hawley of an appointment of United States district 
 judge for the territory of Utah. Subsequently he formed a partnership with Jas. 
 S. Norton, under the firm name of Bacon and Norton. This partnership was dis- 
 solved in 1872. In May, 1873, he entered into partnership with his old college 
 friend, Joseph E. Lockwood, under the firm name of Lockwood and Bacon. This 
 firm lasted till 1875, when by the sickness and subsequent death of Mr. Lockwood 
 it was dissolved. In the fall of 1875, he became a special partner with Hon. John 
 V. Le Moyne, which connection lasted for about two years, since which time he 
 has been alone, doing a general law business. His favorite branches of the law 
 are those of real estate and chancery practice. 
 
 CAPT. HENRY V. FREEMAN. 
 
 A SCHOLARLY and polished member of the Chicago bar, is Henry V. Free- 
 JT\. man. He is well read in the law, and continues to be a close student, 
 in connection with the practice of his profession. As a good trial lawyer, a 
 successful advocate, and a safe counselor, he has built up a good business by 
 strict attention to his professional duties and fidelity to his clients. He has been 
 engaged in important cases in which he has displayed marked ability, and won 
 the confidence and respect of the courts. 
 
 Mr. Freeman was born December 20, 1842, and is the son of Henry Freeman, 
 who moved to Illinois in 1856, settling first in Freeport; thence in 1860 he re- 
 moved to Rockford, where he now resides. The parents of Henry V. descended 
 from some of the original settlers of Massachusetts. Edmund Freeman immi- 
 grated from England in 1635, and settled in Plymouth Colony, and was afterward 
 one of the founders of Sandwich, on Cape Cod. Two of our subject's ancestors 
 have occupied seats on the bench of the court of common pleas in Massachusetts, 
 one as far back as 1692. The latter was a son-in-law of Hon. Thomas Prince, 
 governor of Plymouth colony for twenty years. 
 
 The subject of this sketch prepared for college at Beloit, Wisconsin, and 
 taught school in Illinois in 1859 and 1860. In August, 1862, he entered the 74th 
 regiment 111. Vol. Inf. In 1863 he was promoted to the rank of captain. He was 
 connected with the organization of the first regiment of colored troops in the 
 Army of the Cumberland, and served on court-martial duty at one time for three 
 months. He was also detailed as member of a board to examine officers for
 
 250 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 promotion in the regiments of colored troops. He took part in the battles of 
 Stone River, Nashville, and others, in which that army was engaged, and was 
 mustered out of service in July 1865. In September following he entered Yale 
 College and graduated therefrom in 1869. He then settled in Chicago, and 
 entered the law office of Rich and Noble, and afterward studied with King, Scott 
 and Payson. After the great Chicago fire of 1871, he became principal of the high 
 school at Charleston, Illinois, and taught there for one year. He then returned 
 to his legal studies. He was admitted to the bar in 1870, but did not begin to 
 practice independently until 1873, since which time he has been in continuous, 
 active and successful practice. In 1878 Mr. Freeman was elected attorney of the 
 village of Hyde Park. In political sentiments he is a republican, but does not 
 take an active part in politics. 
 
 He was married in 1873 to Miss Mary L. Curtis, daughter of Rev. W. S. Curtis, 
 of Rockford, Illinois, who was for several years president of Knox College, at 
 Galesburg, Illinois, and formerly a professor in Michigan University, and also in 
 Hamilton College, New York. 
 
 ROBERT S. CARROLL. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Massachusetts, and was born in New 
 Bedford, November 20, 1845, and is the son of Robert and Meriban B. 
 Carroll. The father died when his son was but twelve years of age. Robert S. 
 was educated in the public and high schools, from which latter he graduated. 
 The war of the rebellion then broke out, and, at the age of sixteen, he enlisted 
 with Jones' Guard, under Capt. A. S. Cushman, in the Merchants' Guard, in the 
 47th regiment Mass. Vols.. and was attached to Banks' expedition, and which was 
 the only regiment left to guard the city of New Orleans during the fighting at 
 Port Hudson, and other engagements in that vicinity during that season. He 
 remained there eleven months, the expiration of his term of service; went up the 
 Mississippi river and returned home. He then reenlisted in Co. E, 58th regiment 
 Massachusetts veterans, and took part in the battles of the Wilderness, Spott- 
 sylvania. Cold Harbor, Mine Run, the battles of June 17 and 18, before Peters- 
 burgh, and the battle of the Crater, July 30, 1864, and at the explosion of the 
 mine Mr. Carroll was taken prisoner and carried to Danville, Virginia, where he 
 remained a prisoner of war, and endured the privations and suffering for the 
 period of six months and twenty-one days, and was reduced from one hundred 
 and sixty pounds, his weight when captured, to ninety pounds when paroled, 
 February 22, 1865. He was sick and was sent to Parol Camp Hospital, Annap- 
 olis, Maryland. He attended the grand review at Washington, and was mus- 
 tered out in Massachusetts at the close of the war. Mr. Carroll entered the 
 army a private, and was promoted from each of the non-commissioned offices suc- 
 cessively to the office of first sergeant, which office he held at the close of the war.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 251 
 
 He then went to Boston, and was appointed inspector in the Boston" custom-house, 
 and also was appointed constable by the mayor of the city, and justice of the 
 peace by the governor. 
 
 He studied law, and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar, and at once 
 entered upon a successful practice of the law in Boston, where he continued three 
 years. He then removed to Chicago, where he has been in the successful prac- 
 tice of the law ever since. Having devoted particular attention to mercantile law 
 and the collection of accounts, he has, by prompt attention to matters entrusted 
 to his care, acquired a good reputation. He has been engaged in several large 
 cases, and has discharged the duties devolved upon him in a manner to gain the 
 approbation of his clients and friends. 
 
 November 20, 1879, Mr. Carroll was married to Miss Helene Erickson, an esti- 
 mable lady of Chicago. 
 
 
 
 FREDERICK S. MOFFETT. 
 
 FREDERICK S. MOFFETT is the fourth of a family of five children, and 
 is the son of Samuel Moffett, a blacksmith, and a native of New York, of 
 Scotch descent. About 1840 he removed to Lucas, Ohio, and continued his business 
 until his death, which occurred June 25, 1881. The mother of our subject was 
 Rebecca (Switzer) Moffett, of Swiss parentage. She died in 1848. His paternal 
 grandfather was of a large Scottish family, which left Scotland on account of 
 religious persecution, a part going to England, others to Ireland, and the remain- 
 der immigrating to America. 
 
 Frederick S. is a native of Lucas, Ohio, and was born April 25, 1846. He 
 attended the common school at Lucas, Ohio, until 1862. In his boyhood he had 
 a desire to follow the footsteps of his father, and for a time worked in the shop. 
 However, surrounding influences connected with his education changed his views 
 in favor of a profession. After fully considering the matter, he decided in favor 
 of the law. While at school he was a diligent scholar, and during vacations he 
 clerked in the store of Ross, France and Company. In 1862 he left school, and 
 in August of the same year, enlisted in Company B, izoth regiment 111. Vol. Inf. 
 While in the army his career was adventuresome. Immediately after enlisting, 
 his regiment was ordered south, and he took part in Sherman's expedition 
 against Vicksburg in December 1862. He was at the capture of Arkansas Port, 
 under Gen. McClernand in January 1863. In the following spring he partici- 
 pated in the advances under Gen. U. S. Grant against Vicksburg, which resulted 
 in the capture of that city, after which he was sent to the Department of the Gulf. 
 During Bank's Red River campaign he was captured and held a prisoner until 
 the close of the war, a period of nearly thirteen months. He then returned to 
 Lexington, Ohio, and commenced the study of the law, which he afterward com- 
 pleted at Mansfield, Ohio, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in July 1868. He 
 immediately formed a partnership with Gen. Brinkerhoff. Having married that
 
 252 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 year, he found his wife's health so precarious that he was obliged to remove to 
 Nashville, Tennessee, where she soon died, leaving one child. He was again 
 married in 1871, to Miss Sue Mason, of Chicago, formerly of Mansfield, Ohio, 
 whither he removed immediately after the great fire of that year. 
 
 Although he was an entire stranger in Chicago, he soon gained friends, and 
 by strict devotion to his profession he has built up quite a large practice. In 
 politics, Mr. Moffett is a republican, but his devotion to his profession prevents 
 him from taking any part in political matters except to vote. 
 
 HENRY W. LEMAN. 
 
 HENRY W. LEMAN was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, December 6, 
 1851. His father was the captain of a vessel, engaged in the West Guinea 
 trade. He was educated at various public and private schools in Massachusetts, 
 and leaving school in 1868, entered a wholesale house, where he served for two 
 years. In 1870 he removed to Chicago where, being wholly dependent upon his 
 own resources, he maintained himself, and at the same time, began the study of 
 law under Judge Knickerbocker. Soon afterward he was appointed a deputy 
 clerk in the circuit court, which appointment he held until the fall of 1873. He 
 then for a time studied in the office of Herbert and Quick, and afterward with 
 Hoyne, Horton and Hoyne, and was admitted to the bar in September 1874. In 
 January, 1875, he began practice. He was appointed trustee of the Sherman 
 estate October 17, 1881, a trust estate consisting of the Sherman House hotel 
 property, and to his able administration of the- affairs of that estate is due the 
 fact that the heirs will now realize a large amount from it, instead of the whole 
 estate going to pay mortgages. Mr. Leman is a lawyer of good abilities, and has 
 already attained a success, which presages for him a first rank in his profession. 
 He is a republican, and active in the affairs of his party. He was married in 1881. 
 
 HON. CHARLES B. LAWRENCE. 
 
 CHARLES B. LAWRENCE was born December 17, 1820, in Vergennes, Ver- 
 V_x mont, now past sixty-two, nearly the span of life allotted by the prophet, 
 but still comparatively hale and well; is one of those rare old New England gen- 
 tlemen who seem to be preserved, and their existence continued, as a living and 
 present example to the young man of what may be accomplished in a lifetime of 
 industry and honest, conscientious and faithful work. He is not one of the many 
 who have risen from obscurity into the full blaze of an ephemeral popularity, but 
 has attained to eminence as a lawyer and jurist by a gradual but constant advance. 
 His rise to position was not through detraction and malice, but his claims rested 
 on his merit alone. Few have arrived at such honors with as few blemishes. So
 
 HC Caiipir Jr S C, 
 
 -r\ 
 
 kyC CWillmm. i BrNV
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 253 
 
 far as his public career is concerned every successive step has been wisely and 
 happily taken, a career, which, as a whole, has been no less honorable to the indi- 
 vidual than useful to those who come in contact with him. Throughout his life, 
 his talents, his patriotism, his learning as a lawyer, and his clearness as a judge, 
 have shone not dazingly, but with a steady and tranquil ray, that has survived the 
 flash of cotemporary lights that blazed for a time to be quickly extinguished for 
 all time. 
 
 He was educated in Vermont; was in Middlebury College there, and subse- 
 quently graduated at Union College in eastern New York, in 1841. His father 
 was a merchant, a member of the Vermont state senate, held other important 
 positions, and was much in public life. After Charles B. graduated he engaged 
 in teaching in Alabama for two years; thence to St. Louis and read law in the 
 office of Senator Geyer, one of the ablest members of the bar of that city, and was. 
 soon after admitted to the bar. From there he moved to Quincy, Illinois, and 
 commenced practice in the spring of 1845, soon attaining to a high position 
 at the bar as an attorney, and gaining the esteem of the profession and the public, 
 as any one will learn who visits and becomes acquainted with the people who 
 then lived there; he will learn the depth and breadth of the regard in which he is 
 held by his former neighbors. 
 
 In 1856, on account of impaired health, he gave up practice and went to 
 Europe, remaining two years, and returned much improved in health; bought and 
 settled on a farm in Warren county, Illinois, and actively engaged in farming. 
 Three years later the circuit judgeship of that district became vacant, and he 
 was solicited to accept the nomination, which he did, and was elected to the 
 place without opposition, which was a decisive expression of the confidence and 
 regard of his neighbors, and their appreciation of his qualifications and fitness 
 for the place. He remained on that bench until 1864, when he was elected to the 
 bench of the supreme court of Illinois, and subsequently elected chief-justice of 
 that court. On the bench his capacity was as conspicuous as his industry was 
 untiring. The majesty of the civil law had in him as courageous a defender as it 
 had able and clear exponent. As a judge he was the peer of any of the same 
 grade in the Northwest. He has natural judicial ability, great legal learning ; 
 purity of purpose and strict integrity, and maintained the purity of his ermine. 
 His term expired in 1873, when he came to Chicago and engaged in practice, and 
 has been here since, being the senior member of the able and widely known firm, 
 Lawrence, Campbell and Lawrence, principally engaged in important railroad 
 and corporation cases. He is regarded as one of the ablest counsels and advocates 
 in this connection in the Northwest. 
 
 Judge Lawrence is closely identified with and has ably illustrated the annals 
 of the legal jurisprudence of this state at the bar and on the bench. His decisions 
 and opinions will live as long as the jurisprudence of Illinois lives. He is clear 
 and accurate in his investigations of important and intricate cases, and forcible 
 in presenting them. He is one of the clearest, ablest and most thorough and reli-
 
 254 r//A " BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 able members of this bar. He possesses a comprehensive knowledge of law, a 
 logical ability and great industry; has signalized himself by many notable suc- 
 cesses in complicated and important litigation. His name has been suggested 
 and urged for appointment to the bench of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States, but he declines the honor. 
 
 As a rule, in his social relations, he is rather reticent, never curt, and has that 
 surest mark of one who is at once well-bred and kindly, his manners are the same 
 to everyone; a model of benevolence, generosity, magnanimity and a worthy citi- 
 zen, respected and honored by all; dignified but genial and agreeable, a gentle- 
 man of the older type. His life work is written plainly in the chronicles of his 
 time. 
 
 SIDNEY THOMAS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Calhoun county, Michigan. Born 
 October 3, 1837, he is the oldest son of the late Rev. David Thomas, of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, and a brother of Dr. H. F. Thomas, of Allegan, 
 Michigan, state medical examiner for the Knights of Honor of the state of Michi- 
 gan. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary Malissa Rhodes, was a native 
 of Granville, Washington county, New York, and he is descended on both sides 
 from New England stock. His father was for thirty years a member of the 
 Michigan annual conference, and four of which a pioneer missionary to the Pot- 
 tawatomie tribe of Indians in the Grand River valley. Young Thomas was 
 subjected to the privations of a new country, and the disadvantages of an itin- 
 erant life until his seventeenth year, when, having obtained a license as a school 
 teacher, he entered upon a more regular course of study, teaching in the winter, 
 and attending school in the spring and fall, first at Olivet, and then at Ann Arbor. 
 In 1858 he commenced the study of law in the office of Brown and Greenough, at 
 Marshall, and in 1859 joined the first class of the law department at Ann Arbor, 
 after which he was admitted to the bar at Detroit upon examination before the 
 supreme court. In 1860 he commenced the practice of law at Marshall, in his 
 native county, and was soon after elected county judge, discharging the duties of 
 the office to the satisfaction of both political parties. In 1864 he formed a part- 
 nership with Wm. D. Adams, a young lawyer who had read law in his office, 
 which continued until 1865, when, seeking a larger field of activity, Mr. Thomas 
 removed to Chicago. Here he came, a stranger, and resumed business, where 
 he has since remained, and by his own unaided efforts established a lucrative 
 practice and acquired considerable property. Mr. Thomas has made no part 
 of the law a specialty, and his cases ranging through the whole list of actions, 
 are distributed among the various state and federal courts. By the great fire of 
 1871 he lost everything, residence, furniture, office, library, save a few articles, and 
 one law book which he buried in the yard. " When I opened my office on Harri- 
 son street, after the fire," says he, " I had nothing but a bottle of ink, a copy of 
 Stephens on Pleading, and a family on the streets looking for rooms to live in."
 
 THE BEh'Ca AtiD BAf OF CHICAGO. 257 
 
 One of the first important suits be was retained in was the defense of die 
 stockholders of the Kenosha County Bank, whom he successfully defended against 
 an unjust claim of $50,000, being associated in the case with the late Hon. Matt. 
 H. Carpenter. In the criminal cases in which he has been employed he has never 
 been defeated. In the celebrated case of the People vs. Alrina McKee, where the 
 defendant was charged with the murder of constable McElligott, the defense was 
 intrusted to his care. Few cases in the annals of criminal jurisprudence have 
 attracted more general attention. The defendant, a young- lady of rm4lmt char- 
 acter, in a moment of desperation endeavored to protect the furniture of a single 
 room from a landlord's seizure. The officer fell mortally wounded with the writ 
 in his hand. The prosecution was urged on by the constables of the county, organ- 
 ized for the purpose of conviction. Mr. Thomas not only secured her acquittal 
 on the trial, but gained a professional triumph of scarcely less importance in recov- 
 ering a verdict of $5,000 against the landlord in an action of trespass. 
 
 Among the suits of general interest in which he is now engaged is the defense 
 of Mary W. Blodget, who was expelled from the Old People's Home by the man- 
 agers, in her eightieth year, and left in the streets without any provision for her 
 welfare. This case involves the power of an eleemosynary corporation, as well 
 as its duty, and is attracting very general attention. 
 
 From the phrenological character of Mr. Thomas, given by Fowler and Wells 
 at New York in 1864, we extract the following: 
 
 You have a large brain, measuring twenty-three inches, and body enough to 
 give it natural support. A man with as well balanced a bead-gear as yours ought 
 to take a first-class rank in the world. You should study for one of the learned 
 professions, and would succeed equally well in *ach. Yon are organized for a 
 public speaker. Your moral organs are well developed. Yon incline toward 
 elevating humanity to a higher standard. Your feelings lead you to the conclu- 
 sion that the majority of the human race are worth saving, and that somehow 
 God will arrange it to their advantage and happiness. Your hope leads yon to 
 look on the favorable side of the future. Your firmness gives perseverence. Your 
 self-esteem ought to be larger. You are genial, friendly, patriotic. You have 
 force of character, and your destructiveness indicates executive ability, and when 
 aroused you are like the express train, disposed to take the track and keep it. 
 You care less for money than for knowledge. You like an intellectual life: moral 
 labor. You believe that justice is the right thing, and are willing: to do as yon 
 wish to be done by. and would never take the first advantage if treated fairly. 
 Your spirituality leads you to admit of another life, and when your moral and 
 religious faculties are awakened to activity it seems to you that the life that now 
 is is only a vestibule to the life to come." 
 
 Mr. Thomas has traveled extensively throughout the United States and 
 Canada, visiting southern Tennessee and northern Al=*^"". in 1864. under a com- 
 mission from Gov. Blair, just prior to the battle of Atlanta. In 1879 be went 
 abroad, spending some time in Ireland and England, and reaching London in 
 *J
 
 258 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 time to visit the historical courts of Westminster Hall, before their removal to the 
 new law buildings on Chancery Lane. He also visited the principal places of 
 interest on the continent, spending some two weeks in Paris. Mr. Thomas has 
 always displayed a genius for literature, and his productions both in prose and 
 verse have frequently appeared. His style is clear, rich and forcible, and in his 
 best efforts rising to the height of the purest classical English, as may be wit- 
 nessed in his address on the death of chief-justice Breese. He is also the author 
 of a treatise entitled "Outlines of Practice in the Supreme Court." In 1872 he was 
 a candidate for state attorney, for the liberal republicans, but was defeated in the 
 joint convention by Hon. Thomas J. Turner, the democratic nominee. He was also 
 a delegate from Illinois to the Cincinnati convention, which nominated Horace 
 Greeley for president, and supported him on the stump by delivering some of the 
 most powerful addresses of the campaign, which were published in full, in the 
 Chicago " Tribune " at the time. 
 
 In religious matters Mr. Thomas is most liberal, and the creed has not yet been 
 written to which he can subscribe. With strong moral sentiments, with confi- 
 dence in humanity, and with faith in the hereafter, he rejects dogmatic theology 
 as useless and unwise. 
 
 In 1860 he married Miss Alice Carrier, sister of Prof. O. M. Carrier, of Olivet Col- 
 lege, and a daughter of a pioneer farmer of Calhoun county, Michigan. His family 
 consists of his wife and two children, a son and daughter, and his mother who still 
 lives to enjoy the fruit of his success. Mr. Thomas is physically of stout, well knit 
 frame, though possessed of a native dignity which might be mistaken for aus- 
 terity. He is genial and affable in conversation, warm in his friendships, and 
 benevolent in character, often taking cases for the poor without hope of reward. 
 He is a painstaking, thorough, conscientious lawyer, a logical and forcible advo- 
 cate, a safe and cautious adviser, and devoted to his profession, and being in the 
 prime of manhood he may look to the future for higher attainments in a useful 
 and honorable calling in life. 
 
 LOREN GREENE. 
 
 T OREN GREENE is a native of New York, and is a son of Daniel Greene, a 
 A j native of Massachusetts; by occupation a tanner and farmer, and a relative 
 of Gen. Greene, of revolutionary fame. The grandfather of our subject, Henry 
 Greene, a native of Rhode Island, was a soldier in the revolution, and of English 
 descent. His mother was Elizabeth Haight, of Welsh and English descent, and 
 a native of Poughkeepsie, New York. When Loren was two years old his parents 
 removed to Akron, Erie county, New York, where he lived until nineteen years of 
 age, attending common schools and Doolittle Institute, under Prof. Palmer. 
 Later he pursued a collegiate course, and graduated in 1863. 
 
 He studied law in the office of Bowen and Walker, in Batavia, New York, 
 and was admitted to the bar of New York at Buffalo, November 23, 1865. He
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 259 
 
 at once entered upon a very successful practice of the law in Batavia, New 
 York, by himself, and afterward formed a partnership with Hon. George Bowen, 
 which continued until July i, 1881. He removed to Chicago on September 27 
 following, and was admitted to the Illinois bar January 16, 1882, and to the 
 United States circuit and district courts, northern district of Illinois, December 
 1882, 12, and is engaged in a general civil practice. 
 
 Mr. Greene is a republican, and formerly took an active part in political mat- 
 ters. He attends the Episcopalian church. Mr. Greene is a lawyer of discrimi- 
 nation in his practice, well read, able and successful; a gentleman of culture and 
 refinement, and possesses urbane manners that win for him many friends. He 
 belongs to the F.A.A.M. 
 
 He was married July 6, 1863, to Miss Martha C. Ely, of Gainesville, Wyoming 
 county, New York, an estimable lady, and has by her two children, Elizabeth B. 
 and Willie E. 
 
 STEPHEN S. GREGORY. 
 
 QTEPHEN S. GREGORY is a native of Unadilla, New York; was born 
 wj November 16, 1849, and is the son of J. C. Gregory, who came west in 1858, 
 and settled in Madison, Wisconsin. He attended the public schools in Madison, 
 and entered the University of Wisconsin in 1866, graduating in 1870. He then 
 entered the law department of his alma mater, and graduated in law in 1871, and 
 was admitted to the bar in Madison the same year. He began practice in Madi- 
 son, remaining there until the summer of 1874, when he removed to Chicago, and 
 formed a partnership with Mr. Chetlain, under name and style of Chetlain and 
 Gregory, which lasted until 1879, when they joined and became merged into the 
 firm of Tenney and Flower. He is now a member of the firm of Flower, Remy 
 and Gregory, and has been very successful in the profession to which he has 
 devoted his life. 
 
 SAMUEL KERR. 
 
 SAMUEL KERR was born in McHenry county, Illinois, in the year 1846. His 
 father, Hon. Joseph Kerr, was a farmer there, and moved to Columbia county, 
 Wisconsin, the same year Samuel was born, and there engaged in farming, 
 and was active in securing railroad facilities for that part of Wisconsin; was 
 vice-president of the old Milwaukee and La Crosse railroad; was member of the 
 legislature, and held other prominent trusts. Samuel's grandfather ran for con- 
 gress in the Chicago district against " Long " John Wentworth. Samuel attended 
 the schools of his neighborhood during his youth and prepared for college, and 
 graduated from Lombard University, at Galesburg, Illinois; read law there, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1870, when twenty-four years of age, and settling in 
 Chicago, engaged in practice, and has been there since, most of the time alone, 
 doing a successful business.
 
 260 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He is modest and unpretentious, but has made an impression as to his ability 
 and faithfulness as a lawyer; has been employed in many important cases in the 
 higher courts. He is studious and industrious, and has gradually worked his 
 way up to a position among the better class of the fraternity, and established 
 himself in the confidence and respect of all with whom he has business relations 
 at the bar and in the courts to an extent which requires the majority of men a 
 much longer time to win. He carried to a successful termination the Bachelder 
 will case, which is among the noted cases in the court records, and has been suc- 
 cessful in many other intricate and important cases in the higher courts. He is a 
 thoroughly reliable lawyer and an upright man. 
 
 WILLIAM ARMSTRONG. 
 
 WILLIAM ARMSTRONG was born near Vincennes, Indiana, January 17, 
 1849, and is a son of John F. Armstrong. In 1868 he entered the State 
 University at Bloomington, Indiana, and graduated both in arts and law in 1872, 
 taking the two courses concurrently. He then entered the law office of Gen. 
 Shackelford, at Evansville, Indiana, and began the study of law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1872. He continued his studies in Gen. Shackelford's office until 1874, 
 when he removed to Washington, Indiana, and then began practice, and remained 
 until January i, 1881, when he removed to Chicago and opened an office on his 
 own account. He was appointed in October, 1881, general solicitor of the Chi- 
 cago and Eastern Illinois railroad, which office he now holds. Mr. Armstrong is 
 a republican, and served four years on the state central committee of Indiana, 
 and has always been very active in the interests of his party. 
 
 HON. T. B. WAKEMAN. 
 
 THADDEUS B. WAKEMAN was a lineal descendant of the well known 
 Wakeman family of England, of whom Sir George Wakeman was a promi- 
 nent member. The ancestry of the family had its origin in the Wakes of Somer- 
 setshire, who were active participants in the War of the Roses, and who held great 
 estates in the above named shire as a reward for their valor. Their ancient castle 
 and hall, located at Clifton, Bristol's aristocratic suburb, the most distinguished 
 ruins in the west of England, were consumed by fire in the autumn of 1882. That 
 portion of the Wakeman family that came to this country (about 1764) settled in 
 northwestern Connecticut. While many of their descendants have for a time fol- 
 lowed agriculture, they have all eventually been engaged in professional pursuits. 
 The subject of this sketch was born at Salisbury, Litchfield county, Connecticut, 
 January 31, 1814. His death occurred at Chicago, July 13, 1880. His father, 
 Seth, died in Salisbury; his mother, Sarah, died in Schuyler county, New York,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 26 1 
 
 They were both Episcopalians. His brothers and sisters who lived to maturity 
 were Alonzo, Edgar, Milner, George, William, Elmira and Mary. His early edu- 
 cation was almost entirely gained under the tutelage of the late Bishop Janes, of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church, previous to the latter's conversion to and enter- 
 ing the ministry of that denomination. He began teaching school at Preble, 
 Cortland county, New York, at the age of fifteen; continued this work until he 
 was nearly twenty-five years of age; married Miss Hannah Bennett, of Preble, 
 September 24, 1835; and having fitted himself for the practice of the law, in 1837 
 he made the long, wearisome overland journey to the West, a journey accompa- 
 nied by untold hardships. Mr. Wakeman lost one of his horses, and for over 
 one hundred miles through northern Ohio harnessed himself beside the other, 
 and assisted in dragging his wagon and household goods on the toilsome way. 
 He halted for a few months at Valparaiso, Indiana, but finally settled near the 
 site of the present city of Harvard, in McHenry county, Illinois, and there, as one 
 of the pioneer farmers of the state, did heroic and generous work in helping the 
 many other needy ones who came. His long cherished wish of entering upon the 
 practice of the law was finally gratified in the following manner: Owing to some 
 technicality in the law, by which it seemed probable he would be defrauded of a 
 large land claim he had purchased, he resolved to try his own case, which he won 
 despite the odds of having several skilled attorneys to oppose him. This was but 
 one of many incidents illustrative to all who knew him of the clearness of insight 
 and judgment, the keen discernment and the unvarying accuracy of his calcula- 
 tions. A well known Illinois judge has said of him: " In his forty years' practice 
 I don't believe he lost a half dozen cases. He was not a brilliant pleader. As a 
 counselor he had no superior among the lawyers of Illinois." 
 
 He was elected the first justice of the peace in McHenry county, and from the 
 fact that he took a vow he would never buy another pair of boots or shoes until 
 he had paid for his farms, which at one time covered several thousand acres, he 
 became known everywhere in northern Illinois as " Squire Wakeman, the bare- 
 footed justice." He was one of the most active, earnest and uncompromising 
 abolitionists in northern Illinois, and gave substantial evidence of the faith that 
 was in him by expending the greater part of his large fortune, both prior to and 
 during the war, in the cause for which he had always so nobly labored. Mr. 
 Wakeman had strong political affinities, but was more noted for helping others 
 with the rare enthusiasm which distinguished him, than for securing his own pre- 
 ferment. He was an ardent personal friend of both Yates and Lincoln, and was 
 chiefly instrumental in securing the nomination of Hon. E. B. Washburne for the 
 latter's first term in congress. He was a member of the Illinois state legislature 
 two terms, in 1863 and 1867, and refused a third election. In 1868 he began the 
 practice of law in Chicago, and his success was unsurpassed until the financial 
 storm of 1873, which literally swept from him every vestige of his large proper- 
 ties, and it is only proper to state that from this time until the date of his death 
 the heart had gone out of his life and work altogether.
 
 262 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 His wife and five children, four, sons and one daughter, survive him. The 
 daughter, Elmira, is the wife of Col. Elnathan S. Weeden, a well known attorney 
 and capitalist. The sons are Rev. Alonzo Wakeman, a clergyman of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal church; Edgar L. Wakeman, a well known journalist and littera- 
 teur, for many years the northern representative of the Louisville " Courier- 
 Journal;" B. T. Wakeman, an attorney, who succeeded to his father's practice; 
 and the youngest son, Wilbur F. Wakeman, already somewhat known in journal- 
 istic circles. 
 
 HENRY K. GOODRICH. 
 
 HENRY K. GOODRICH is a native of Rutland county, Vermont, and was 
 born July 7, 1854; the son of Henry Butler Goodrich, who came to Illinois 
 in 1856. Henry K. studied at Wheaton College, Illinois. Having early deter- 
 mined to become a lawyer, he began his law studies December, 1878, with Perry 
 A. Armstrong, of Morris, Illinois, and completed them, preparatory to examina- 
 tion, in Chicago. He was admitted to the bar January 13, 1881, and has been 
 in practice, with fair success, since that time. Mr. Goodrich is a young man of 
 good abilities, enterprising and industrious, and by his own unaided efforts has 
 overcome many obstacles, and prepared himself for the profession of his choice. 
 Possessing independence of character, a clear, sound judgment, a good legal 
 mind, and ability to apply himself to study and hard work, he may expect the 
 realization of his highest hopes of professional standing and honor. 
 
 HON. MELVILLE WESTON FULLER. 
 
 MELVILLE W. FULLER was born February 1 1, 1833, in the city of Augusta, 
 Maine; is from the best New England stock, the origin of which, in New 
 England, dates back to the Mayflower. His parents were Frederick A. Fuller, 
 son of Hon. Henry W. Fuller, of Augusta, and Catherine Martin, daughter of 
 chief-justice Nathan Weston. His great-grandfathers, as well as his great-great- 
 grandfathers, were distinguished citizens of that town. Melville W. fitted for 
 college in Augusta, and graduated at Bowdoin, in the class of 1853, when he 
 entered the office of his uncle, George Melville Weston, at Bangor, where he studied 
 law, subsequently attending lectures in the law department of Harvard University, 
 and commenced the practice of his profession in his native city in 1856, but devoted 
 himself mainly to editorial duties on " The Age" newspaper, of which he was one of 
 the editors. The followjrig year he was elected a member of the common council 
 of Augusta, and was chosen its president, and to these duties were added those of 
 city solicitor. In 1856 he resigned these official positions, and, seeking a wider 
 field of action, removed to Chicago, and in this new field he at once attracted 
 favorable attention, and soon acquired a lucrative business in his profession, and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 263 
 
 a reputation as an able and honorable lawyer. The larger part of the time he 
 has been alone in business; the range of his practice has been very extended, and 
 in all the departments of his profession he has proven himself proficient in the 
 law. He has devoted his best energies to his profession, and in this field has won 
 distinction as a faithful and reliable attorney and counselor, and ranks among 
 the foremost at this bar. He has acquired a competency, and owns the block in 
 which he has his office. From the time of his advent in Chicago he has held his 
 own amid a sea of matured intellect and large experience, and proven the equal 
 of the ablest and most successful. He has been connected with several cases 
 which have attracted the attention of the general public in this and other 
 countries; notably the case before the supreme court of Illinois, arising out of 
 the prorogation of the legislature of Illinois by the late Gov. Richard Yates, 
 which presented some most important questions of a political nature; also 
 the defense of Rev. Charles Edward Cheney, who was tried before an Episcopal 
 ecclesiastical tribunal for omitting words from the prayer book of the Episcopal 
 church. He had in that as an opponent, the late distinguished Bishop White- 
 house, himself a profound lawyer. The case was in litigation a long time, and at 
 all stages of the trial, involving intricate questions, Mr. Fuller evidenced a pro- 
 found research and knowledge of ecclesiastical law, rarely possessed by any 
 lawyer, even a professional in that line of practice. His argument before the 
 supreme court, when the trial terminated, was brilliant and able. 
 
 He had a predilection for politics when young; not however, that he was 
 ambitious for office, for he has persistently declined to allow the use of his name 
 for any office, the performance of the duties of which would materially interfere 
 with his professional and other business. He is a democrat of the Jeffersonian 
 type, and unswervingly in favor of hard money, free trade and a strict construc- 
 tion of the constitution of his country. His moderation, dignity of manner and 
 high character invariably win the esteem of his political opponents who recognize 
 in him an antagonist who fights fairly and in the open field. In 1861 he was 
 elected a member of the constitutional convention in this state, and was among 
 the foremost of its members and evidenced a thorough knowledge of constitu- 
 tional law and conventions, and left the impress of his knowledge and views upon 
 the instrument adopted by the convention. In 1862 he was elected to the legisla- 
 ture, both elections in decided republican districts, and exhibited great skill in 
 debate, and left his mark upon the legislation of that session. During the trying 
 times of the rebellion he was a patriot, and vigorously supported measures for 
 the suppression of what proved to be an inevitable war, to save the Union, and 
 when peace had been restored he was equally earnest for the restoration of the 
 Union. He has great influence in Illinois to-day, though his party is yet in the 
 minority in the state. 
 
 He was a delegate to the national democratic conventions of 1864, 1872, 1876 
 and 1880. and grew to be one of the most conspicuous and influential members. 
 He is an upright and reliable gentleman, an honest man; is esteemed by all who
 
 264 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICACO. 
 
 know him for his many good qualities and high character as an individual and a 
 citizen. He is a man of varied literary attainments of a high order, and learned 
 in all departments of the law. His public speeches are characterized by elegance 
 of diction, eloquence and clearly denned points. His address of welcome to 
 Stephen A. Douglas in 1860, his eulogy in 1861, in commemoration of the death 
 of his distinguished friend, and his address on Judge Breese before the State 
 Bar Association in 1879, and other addresses may be pointed to as examples of 
 brilliant and scholarly productions, and of eloquent and finished oratory. 
 
 He has been twice married. In 1858 he married Calista O. Reynolds; and 
 after her decease, and in 1866, Mary Ellen, daughter of the late distinguished 
 financier and banker, Hon. Wm. F. Coolbaugh. 
 
 OLIVER H. HORTON. 
 
 C^ UCCESS in any walk of life is an indication of application, and more than in 
 wj any other is success in the life of a professional man evidence of earnest 
 endeavor, close application and faithfulness. In the hands of the lawyer are nec- 
 essarily intrusted matters involving property, reputation and life, and upon his 
 skill, patient and untiring toil and loyalty, the rich and poor, the strong and the 
 helpless depend. The true lawyer counts it no honor that he can point to an 
 unstained record, because the obligations of his profession are exacting, yet if he 
 has through struggles, anxieties, temptations and labors, of which the outer world 
 knows little, planted his feet upon the eminence of success in his profession, 
 though he may take no credit to himself for doing his work as a man should, the 
 world is better for his life. 
 
 Among those who make no claim to honor, for having fulfilled the obligations 
 of his profession, is the subject of this sketch. Oliver Harvey Horton was born 
 in Cattaraugus county, New York, October 20, 1835. His father, Harvey W. 
 Horton, a Baptist clergyman, was a native of Vermont. His mother, Mary H. 
 (Choate) Horton, was a native of Connecticut, and a relative of Rufus Choate. 
 Mr. Horton removed to Chicago in 1855, and was engaged in the lumber business 
 for three years. He then went south for a time, returning in 1859. 
 
 He began the study of law in 1860, in the office of Hovne, Miller and Lewis, 
 and remained with this firm as student and clerk, until January 1864, when it was 
 dissolved, and a new copartnership formed, under the name of Hoyne, Ayer and 
 Horton, the partners being Hon. Thomas Hoyne, Benjamin F. Ayer and the sub- 
 ject of this sketch. Mr. Horton was graduated in 1863, from the law school of 
 the University of Chicago, then as now, presided over by Hon. Henry Booth, late 
 judge of the circuit court of Cook county. He had, however, previously been 
 admitted to the bar. 
 
 In 1865 the firm of Hoyne, Ayer and Horton was dissolved, and the firm of 
 Hoyne and Horton formed, and January i, 1867, it was changed to Hoyne, Hor-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 267 
 
 ton and Hoyne, Thomas M. Hoyne having been admitted as a member. Since 
 that date the firm has continued without change of name, and is now one of the 
 oldest law firms in Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Horton was for some time actively connected with the Young Men's 
 Christian Association of Chicago. He held the office of vice-president for a num- 
 ber of years, and was also chairman of the lecture committee. In religion he is a 
 Methodist, and has been a trustee of Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, of this 
 city, for about fifteen years. He has held "every official position to which a lay- 
 man is eligible in that church. In 1880 he was sent as a lay delegate to the Gen- 
 eral Conference, which met in Cincinnati, and in 1881, was elected lay delegate 
 to the Ecumenical Conference, which met in London, England. 
 
 The compliment of such distinction, based as it is upon personal knowledge, 
 is much greater than any political preferment, which is rarely obtained without 
 solicitation. He is now an active trustee of the Northwestern University. In 
 politics Mr. Horton is, and has always been, a republican, but has refused to be a 
 candidate for office, though repeatedly requested to allow himself to be put for- 
 ward politically. The events of Mr. Horton's eighteen years' labors at the bar, 
 and his life, before and among the people, may be summed up in the word suc- 
 cess, success as a lawyer, as a citizen and as a man. 
 
 GEO. H. KETTELLE. 
 
 GEO. H. KETTELLE is of French descent on the paternal side, his great- 
 grandfather coming from Alsace, now a part of the German empire, and 
 settling in Massachusetts before the outbreak of the colonies. The grandfather 
 of George was born in Charlestow.n, in that state, and his father, Charles Kettelle, in 
 Boston. The latter married Lucinda Dickinson, a native of Hadley, Massachu- 
 setts, and a member of a very old family in that commonwealth. Her mother 
 belonged to the Stockbridges of Massachusetts, and our subject strikingly resem- 
 bles that family. 
 
 A little less than fifty years ago Charles Kettelle emigrated to the West and 
 settled in Peoria, Illinois, where George was born December 18, 1838. His father 
 was county clerk and recorder of Peoria county, Illinois, for thirty years; lived 
 on a farm in Woodford county until his death, March 14, 1882, and his mother is 
 still alive. Mr. Kettelle was educated at the Hopkins Academy, Hadley, Massa- 
 chusetts, where he fitted for college, designing to enter Amherst, but his plans 
 were frustrated, and he spent several -years in his father's (county) office. At the 
 same time he read law with Judge M. Williamson for preceptor, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1864, but he did not open an office until 1868, being induced to tem- 
 porarily engage in mercantile pursuits. 
 
 Mr. Kettelle commenced the practice of the legal profession at Metamora, the 
 county seat of Woodford county, and six years afterward, in 1874, removed to 
 28
 
 268 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Peoria, where he remained two years, holding the office of city attorney one 
 term. In 1876 he settled in Chicago, where with his fine legal attainments he 
 finds ample opportunity to display his talents. His practice is both civil and 
 criminal, the latter largely predominating. Since practicing at the Chicago bar, 
 Mr. Kettelle has been connected with many prominent criminal cases, including 
 some forty in number, for murder, and in this branch of his practice especially, 
 has met with marked success. An eminent jurist of Chicago thus writes in regard 
 to him: 
 
 " He is, in my opinion, a lawyer well grounded in the fundamental principles 
 of law, ready and accurate in their application, and always frank and honest in 
 his presentation of law questions to the court. He tries his case well, is courte- 
 ous and gentlemanly in his manners to his opponent, and clear and pointed in his 
 argument to the jury." 
 
 Mr. Kettelle is a democrat of the independent stamp, and a Blue Lodge, Chap- 
 ter and Commandery Mason. 
 
 He married in February 1858, Miss Malina A. Keach, of Peoria, Illinois. 
 
 EDSON J. HARKNESS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a lawyer of fine ability, who stands well in the 
 community where he lives, and has the confidence of the courts before 
 which he practices, and the good will of the members of the bar. Being a gentle- 
 man of pleasing address and genuine worth, he has many friends. He is a native 
 of New York, and was born in Ontario, Wayne county, August 31, 1843, and is the 
 son of Southward Harkness and Harriet (Foot) Harkness. He commenced his edu- 
 cation in the common schools and took a scientific and classical academic course, 
 and was prepared to enter college when he entered the army, in 1862. He enlisted 
 in the I38th New York Vol. Inf., which regiment was afterward transferred into 
 the artillery branch of the service, and was designated and known as the gth New 
 York Heavy Artillery. He remained in the regiment one year, and was then 
 commissioned captain and assigned a command in the 6th United States colored 
 troops, under Col. John W. Ames. He went up the James river in 1864 in the 
 division commanded by Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, and participated in the succes- 
 sion of battles that occurred there in 1864-5, ar| d was with Gen. Butler in his 
 Fort Fisher expedition, and was afterward with Gen. Terry and participated in 
 taking Fort Fisher and Wilmington, and went on to Goldsboro, North Carolina. 
 He was at Raleigh, North Carolina, at the cjose of the war, and was mustered out 
 of service at Wilmington, North Carolina, and thence returned home. 
 
 He settled in Chicago in June, 1868, and entered the special assessment depart- 
 ment of the board of public works, and has been in the employment of the city 
 ever since that time. In 1873 he was placed in charge of the preparation of con- 
 demnation gases, and in January, 1877, was admitted to the Illinois bar. Since
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 269 
 
 that time he has had charge of the condemnation cases in court under the corpo- 
 ration counsel. Mr. Harkness is careful in the preparation of his cases, and is 
 a good trial lawyer and a safe counsel. He was married in January, 1870, to Miss 
 Marianna Bates, of Rochester, New York. 
 
 DUNCAN SHADE GOODING. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Goderich, Canada, March 29, 1838, and 
 is the son of William Fisher Gooding, a native of Canandaigua, New York, 
 and Jane (Good) Gooding, a native of Ayrshire, Scotland. Mr. Gooding pursued 
 a course in, and graduated from the grammar school of his native town, under the 
 tuition and guidance of the worthy John Holdan, a noted educator. Having 
 decided to fit himself for the legal profession, he entered upon the study of law 
 with Ira Lewis, who is now Queen's counsel, and county crown attorney for the 
 county of Huron, Canada; and was admitted to the bar of Upper Canada in 1860. 
 Immediately thereafter he began the practice of the law, and continued doing a 
 lucrative business in Canada until 1872, when he removed to Chicago. During 
 his first year in Chicago he was associated in business with D. E. K. Stewart, at 
 the end of which time he became connected with Shufeldt and Westover, and 
 remained with them many years. He is not now connected with any firm. 
 
 He was married June 17, 1859, to the youngest daughter of the late Capt. Wm. 
 Wadell, who served under the Duke of Wellington, at the battle of Waterloo. 
 
 In politics Mr. Gooding, though a democrat in principle, is independent in his 
 views, and in no sense a partisan. He is a man of generous impulses, honorable 
 and manly, and in all his relations and dealings with others, merits and receives 
 their respect and esteem. 
 
 FRANK OLNEY COOK. 
 
 THIS subject is the son of Dr. John H. Cook, a native of Seneca county, New 
 York, of English descent. His mother was Pamelia (Orth) Cook, of imme- 
 diate German descent, but her ancestors belonged to the banished French 
 Huguenots. She was born in the Catskill Mountains, in Sullivan county, New 
 York. The parents of our subject removed to Ionia county, Michigan, in 
 1855, Marshall, fifty miles distant, being then the nearest railway station. Dr. 
 Cook's practice extended over a circuit of thirty miles or more, among the whites 
 and Indians, and he was seldom at home. School privileges being extremely 
 limited, Frank obtained the major part of his knowledge of the common English 
 branches by private study at such odd times as he could get, and thus qualified 
 himself to enter the Portland union school, a year and a half in advance, and 
 was enabled to finish his course of study in that institution in one year's time,
 
 2 JO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 which, with a total of thirteen months at district school, comprised his entire school 
 days. He taught a district school four winters, but never considered himself a 
 success, nor was he so regarded by the people in that line of business. 
 
 At the age of sixteen years he united with the Christian church, in Sebewa, 
 Ionia county, Michigan; and two years later was licensed to preach, by that 
 denomination. He continued to preach, often to large congregations, and also 
 lectured upon temperance extensively, in the state of Michigan, until after he 
 was admitted to the bar. But his was a new denomination in a new county, 
 whose inhabitants were mostly farmers of limited means. He was often obliged 
 to resort to mannal labor, such as he could find in the vicinity of his preaching, 
 to better support himself and to relieve his people from incurring heavy obliga- 
 tions, and hence became an adept at numerous kinds of mechanical work. 
 
 He entered into partnership with Mr. J. V. Mickle, of the "Grand River 
 Herald," a republican newspaper published at Muir, Michigan, during the presi- 
 dential campaign of 1876. It proved a disastrous enterprise. The block in which 
 their office was situated caught fire, and the contents of their office were thrown 
 into the street; the firm was then severely pressed by creditors, and the partner- 
 ship was dissolved, and Mr. Cook, being unable to get any financial assistance 
 from his partner, was compelled to assume and pay several thousand dollars 
 partnership debts. 
 
 He entered the office of Toan and Roof May 12, 1877, as a student, with only 
 one suit of clothes to his back, twenty-five cents in his pocket, and in debt 
 to the amount of $2,500, with no one to draw upon. He remained in that office 
 doing small collections until the next spring, when he borrowed books to read; 
 went home and assisted his father in clearing ten acres of timber land, and in the 
 fall entered the office of Blanchard, Bell and Cagwin, of Ionia City, Ionia county, 
 Michigan, as a student, and was admitted to the bar March 24, 1879. After 
 remaining in that office a short time he opened an office for himself, in Blanchard, 
 Isabella county, Michigan, when he at once established himself in a successful 
 practice, making $160.00 during the first six weeks. Soon afterward the town 
 was burned, by fire that raged in the pine woods. He then started for Chicago, 
 with the expectation of finding a position as clerk, but being ill on his arrival, 
 and unacquainted in the city, his money soon became exhausted. He commenced 
 work as a carpenter, on Armour's elevator, at $2 per day, at which he continued 
 through that summer, when he received an injury from a fall and was laid up, 
 and again his money was exhausted, and he was compelled to pawn his watch. 
 With courage undaunted, he opened a law office, and with the aid of what he 
 earned in a printing office, working nights, he managed to meet his expenses by 
 practicing great self-denial, until his business was sufficiently lucrative to sup- 
 port him. He has continued in the business since that time until the present. 
 He tried his first case in Chicago before Justice Cory, of the town of Lake, for 
 nothing, and solicited the opportunity, and from that time his business has 
 gradually increased, and he has already successfully conducted several important
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 2JI 
 
 litigations committed to his care, and is rapidly taking a front rank among the 
 members of the bar in this city. 
 
 Mr. Cook is a very active man, fluent of speech, generous hearted, sociable and 
 friendly. He is a hard worker, of good habits, and well disposed. 
 
 He has been twice married. When he was twenty-one years old he married 
 Miss Anna McEvers, who died six months and twenty-one days thereafter. His 
 second marriage was January 3, 1880, to Miss Nellie M. Smith, daughter of Sid- 
 ney M. Smith, of Sheridan, Michigan, a niece of Hon. Vernon Smith, judge of 
 the eighth judicial district of Michigan. 
 
 KIMBALL YOUNG. 
 
 IMBALL YOUNG was born at Marshall, Illinois, January 27, 1853, and is 
 the son of Timothy R. Young, an ex-member of congress and a prominent 
 lawyer in central Illinois. He prepared for college at Dover, New Hampshire, 
 and in this state, and entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1869, 
 graduating in 1873. The succeeding two years Mr. Young spent in traveling, 
 and in 1875 he began the study of law at Mattoon, Illinois, in the office of Charles 
 Bennett, where he remained for a short time, and then removed to Chicago and 
 entered the office of Gookins and Roberts. He remained with that firm for one 
 year, during which time he attended the Union College of Law, and graduated 
 in 1876, and was admitted to practice shortly thereafter. He was a clerk in the 
 office of D. L. Shorey for a year, and in 1877 began the practice of law as a mem- 
 ber of the firm of Jayne, DeWolf and Young, which partnership continued until 
 1878, since which time he has been alone up to September r, 1882, when he 
 formed his present connection with F. W. C. Hayes. Mr. Young is a democrat in 
 politics, but takes no active part therein. 
 
 GEORGE C. INGHAM. 
 
 GEORGE COLLINS INGHAM is a native of Middletown, Butler county, 
 Ohio; was born March 10, 1851, and is the son of Dr. Lyman E. Ingham 
 and Susan M. (Hills) Ingham. His father, a graduate of the Western Reserve 
 Medical College, of Ohio, was a physician of prominence. He died in July, 1855, 
 at the age of thirty-three years, at Greenville, Ohio. He was a son of Thomas 
 Harvey Ingham, a farmer by occupation, who still lives at Granville, Ohio, 
 whither he removed in the early part of the present century from the state of New 
 York. His father was a farmer, as was also his grandfather, who died a prisoner of 
 war at New York city, on board an English prison-ship, during the revolutionary 
 struggle. The mother of our subject is descended from an old New England 
 family, and is a daughter of Reuben M. Hills, a merchant, who formerly resided
 
 372 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CfffCAGO. 
 
 at Goshen, Connecticut, whence he removed to Virginia at an early age, and 
 thence to Granville, Ohio, where the daughter became acquainted with him who 
 afterward became her husband. To her training and example are in no small 
 degree due the characteristic qualities of the son. She now resides at Covington, 
 Indiana, the wife of Abraham Gish, a prominent banker, and one of the early 
 settlers of that city. 
 
 Soon after the death of his father, George, who was then little more than four 
 years old, went with his mother to live with an uncle, Dr. R. M. Hills, a noted 
 physician at Covington, Indiana, and there received his primary education in the 
 public schools. As a boy he was modest, retiring and genial; a good scholar, 
 and a constant and careful reader. He early formed the purpose of fitting him- 
 self for professional life, and when sixteen years of age entered the preparatory 
 department of Shurtleff College, at Alton, Illinois. Two years later, in Septem- 
 ber, 1870, he entered upon the regular classical course in the freshman class of 
 that institution, and at the close of that year was awarded the first prize for 
 excellence in declamation. A similar honor was conferred upon him at the end 
 of his sophomore year at a class contest in oratory. At the beginning of his 
 junior year, Mr. Ingham, in company with several of his classmates, entered the 
 University of Chicago, where, during the remainder of his college course, he 
 maintained the same high standard of scholarship which had formerly character- 
 ized him, and came to be known as a close student, a convincing debater, a prac- 
 tical thinker, and an orator of superior merit. Here again he carried off the first 
 prize at the junior oratorical contest, and during the following year was elected 
 orator of his class. The Chicago "Times," in speaking of his class-day oration, 
 said "it is an oration of which he may well be proud. It was pronounced by 
 able judges the most finished effort they had ever listened to on any similar occa- 
 sion." While in the university, Mr. Ingham became an honored member of the 
 Psi Upsilon Fraternity. 
 
 Having already decided to devote himself to the legal profession, he, while a 
 student in college, devoted a portion of his spare time to the reading of Black- 
 stone, and in the fall succeeding his graduation (1873) began a regular course of 
 study at the Union College of Law, at Chicago, and also during that year acted 
 as an instructor in his alma mater. He afterward entered the law office of 
 Luther Laflin Mills, and immediately upon his admission to the bar in Septem- 
 ber 1875, became junior member of the law firm of Mills, Weber and Ingham, and 
 so continued until Mr. Mills was elected to the office of state's attorney for Cook 
 county, Illinois, in the fall of 1876, when the firm was dissolved, and was suc- 
 ceeded by the firm of Munn, Ingham and Pope. In June 1880, he was appointed 
 to the position of assistant state's attorney. As a public prosecutor Mr. Ingham 
 has won the highest esteem of the various judges who have occupied the criminal 
 bench during the term of his office, for his legal knowledge and ability, his skill 
 in the management of his cases, his high sense of professional honor, and his 
 unqualified fairness in presenting the cause of the people against the prisoner at
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 273 
 
 the bar. Among his professional brethren he is universally respected. Modest, 
 unassuming and unostentatious, he is at the same time careful and exact, and 
 seldom fails to detect a weak point in an opponent's position, or a fallacy in his 
 argument. He excels as a cross-examiner. In his arguments or addresses before 
 court or jury he has a style of oratory peculiarly his own, at once fluent, forcible, 
 entertaining and convincing. Discarding mere flowers of rhetoric and the trap- 
 pings of the actor, he clothes his thoughts in pure, plain English that cannot be 
 misunderstood, and while exhibiting in his elegant and terse style a readiness 
 and force that come only with familiarity with the subject, at the same time dis- 
 plays good taste, and the possession of a vast reserve fund of varied and practical 
 learning. 
 
 As a lawyer Mr. Ingham is thoroughly devoted to his profession. A careful 
 and constant student, his legal opinions are always supported by authorities, and 
 reliable. He is at the same time social and domestic in his tastes and habits, 
 genial and companionable, and in his varied social, professional or business 
 relations maintains a character stainless and irreproachable. 
 
 His wife, Lizzie (Gordon) Ingham, is a daughter of the late Hon. Alex. W. 
 Gordon, for many years a prominent member of the Indiana state senate, and a 
 leading dry goods merchant of Lafayette. Mrs. Ingham is an accomplished 
 lady, and a worthy companion of her husband. They were married in December 
 1880, and have one child, Gordon Ingham. 
 
 WILLIAM H. SWIFT. 
 
 ONE of the most worthy lawyers at the Chicago bar is William H. Swift, who 
 has succeeded in his chosen profession, by adhering strictly to principles of 
 integrity, and honest, upright dealing. He is a thorough lawyer in all depart- 
 ments of the profession, being well trained in all of the details of the business. 
 He is an expert in special pleading, and careful in the preparation of all legal 
 documents. He takes particular pains in the preparation of his cases, and his 
 foresight is so keen that he seldom fails in a suit to which he has given careful 
 attention and investigation. 
 
 William H. Swift is a son of Alexander and Susan (Coleman) Swift, and is 
 descended from families largely sea-faring on both sides, and was born at Nan- 
 tucket, Massachusetts, March 27, 1838. His parents belonged to old New Eng- 
 land families. William prepared for college at the Nantucket high school, and 
 graduated at Williams College in 1863, as valedictorian of his class. He taught 
 school, while fitting for college, part of the time, and also after" receiving his 
 diploma, his field of such labor being in Massachusetts and Louisiana, chiefly in 
 the former state. He read law with Hon. S. W. Bowerman, of Pittsfield, Massa- 
 chusetts, and at Harvard Law School, Cambridge; was there admitted to the bar 
 in 1865 ; remained there in practice until 1870, when he settled in Chicago. He
 
 274 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 is of the firm of Swift and Campbell, a firm that ranks high with the courts, anil 
 among the leading law firms of Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Swift is a republican, but we cannot learn that his activity in politics 
 extends beyond going to the polls on election day and voting. With him, law 
 has the priority over everything else of a business character. He is a member, 
 and one of the elders, of the First Presbyterian Church, of Chicago. He married 
 at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, May i, 1867, Grace, daughter of George Campbell, a 
 prominent manufacturer of Berkshire county, Massachusetts. 
 
 ELLIS S. CHESBROUGH, JR. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Massachusetts, and was born in West 
 Newton. He is a son of E. S. Chesbrough, a well known civil engineer, now 
 of Chicago, and Elizabeth (Freyer) Chesbrough. Mr. Chesbrough was educated 
 in the University of Chicago, and graduated from that institution in 1871. He 
 then entered Harvard Law School at Cambridge, Massachusetts, graduating 
 therefrom in 1873. Returning to Chicago, he continued his law studies in the 
 office of Ayer and Kales, and during that same year was admitted to the bar of 
 Illinois. Since that time he has been engaged in the general practice of the law 
 in Chicago with good success. Mr. Chesbrough is a thorough student, well read 
 in the law, and especially in preparing briefs, and possesses a happy faculty of 
 presenting his cases before the court, clearly and well. His conduct of the case, 
 Walker vs. Carlton, involving the questions of redemption from trustees' sale, 
 reflects great credit upon him for careful preparation, and skillful management. 
 
 HON. SAMUEL K. DOW. 
 
 SAMUEL KNIGHT DOW is descended from English-Scotch ancestry. His 
 paternal grandmother was a member of the celebrated noble family of Gor- 
 don, one of whose representatives (Lord George Gordon) figured so conspicuously 
 in the "no popery" riots, in the time of George III. On the maternal side his 
 great-grandfather, for whom he was named, held a royal commission as surveyor 
 from King George III in colonial times, a member of the family having emigrated 
 from England in 1630 and settled in Durham, New Hampshire. Lorenzo Dow, 
 the eccentric preacher, and also Neal Dow, the noted temperance reformer, sprang 
 from this original stock. They serve to illustrate some of its prominent charac- 
 teristics, such as rectitude of character and concentration of purpose. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in the town of Hollis, Maine, in 1831, the 
 son of Samuel and Sophia Knight Dow, and was reared on a farm, where he 
 worked through all the vacations of his student life until he was eighteen years of 
 age. He was educated in the common schools and academies of his native state, 
 and is essentially a self-made man,

 
 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. 2"JJ 
 
 In 1850 he commenced the study of law at Saco, Maine, and entered the Dane 
 Law School at Harvard, Massachusetts, in 1852. He graduated in 1854 and 
 received the degree of LL.B. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar, Boston, upon 
 examination, on the motion of the late Hon. Rufus Choate, Chief Justice Shaw 
 then presiding. The same year he removed to Chicago, and in the following year 
 (1855) commenced the practice of law in that city, where he has since resided and 
 devoted himself exclusively to the duties of his profession. 
 
 During these twenty-five years of practice Mr. Dow has steadily advanced in 
 his profession until he now ranks among the most prominent lawyers of the 
 Chicago bar. It was a toilsome march, but its labors and anxieties have not told 
 seriously upon his fine physique. In court he presents a very striking figure, 
 being above the medium in stature, strongly built, erect, of proud bearing, and 
 having a large head, well formed and balanced, long jet-black hair and beard, a 
 deep olive complexion, prominent nose, slightly aquiline, and eyes very dark 
 brown, in expression exceedingly gentle, but with a touch of firmness and daring, 
 imparting to the entire physiognomy a leonine cast. It is doubtless to this dis- 
 tinguished and imposing presence, joined to a fine insight into the motives and 
 springs of human action, that Mr. Dow owes his great success in the trial of cases 
 depending upon circumstantial evidence. As a cross-examiner he has few peers 
 at the Chicago bar. 
 
 All the political influences surrounding Mr. Dow in his youth were of the 
 democratic school. His father was a Jacksonian democrat, but the son early 
 embraced free-soil theories, and upon the organization of the new party of free- 
 dom became a radical republican. Although always prominent in the councils 
 of his party he never sought office. In 1872 he accepted with extreme reluctance 
 a nomination to the state senate, and was chosen by a handsome majority. Dur- 
 ing the first session of the winter of 1873 he took a decided stand against the 
 radical measure prepared on the subject of state control of railways, opposing 
 with all his force the act now known as the "statute prohibiting unjust discrimi- 
 nation and extortion," even going so far as to file a written protest against its 
 passage. He held that such legislation was hasty, the result of passion, of doubt- 
 ful constitutionality, and that it tended to array in hostility different classes and 
 interests of the community. During the second session (1873-4) Mr. Dow distin- 
 guished himself by standing alone, against all his colleagues from Cook county, 
 in opposition to a measure of vast consequence for good or evil to Chicago, known 
 as the city incorporation bill. The bill passed the house without consideration 
 merely on the strength of the representations of a lobby of prominent citizens of 
 that city. When it came up in the senate he made a masterly analysis of the 
 measure, showing its many glaring defects, and proposing a series of amendments 
 changing its entire character. His onslaught was so powerful that as to some 
 points it was simply irresistible, and the amendments were either accepted or 
 forced through; but the most vital were lost, and he protested against its passage 
 in its still imperfect state. When the bill went back to the house its supporters 
 29
 
 378 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 found themselves so shaken by the exposure that had been made that it was 
 impossible to get a vote of concurrence. In a word, the house followed Mr. Dow, 
 repudiating its own previously considered action. Being appointed a member of 
 the conference committee on the disagreeing votes, Mr. Dow succeeded in carry- 
 ing every important amendment but one, that he had proposed, and the bill so 
 perfected was passed by both houses. It is rare indeed that a single member has 
 the force and tact to exert a commanding influence over the two houses of a leg- 
 islative body. 
 
 At the close of Mr. Dow's senatorial term he declined a reelection, and has 
 constantly declined to stand for any office, and although he has been urged to 
 accept a judgeship and a seat in congress he preferred the duties and pleasures 
 of a private life. 
 
 Mr. Dow was married in 1855 to Miss Francis Ellen Hill, daughter of Capt. 
 Nehemiah Hill, of Biddeford, Maine, by whom he has had nine children, six of 
 whom, one son and five daughters, are still living. Of pronounced domestic 
 tastes, Mr. Dow finds in his own home, presided over by his estimable and accom- 
 plished wife, that degree of social recreation, rest and repose essential to the 
 healthful development of every faculty of head and heart. The aphorism, " the 
 boy is father of the man," finds new illustration in the life of Mr. Dow. Coming 
 of good stock, he inherited a disposition to rigid integrity and a great force of 
 character. Born on the banks of the Saco, in a region of picturesque beauty, 
 communion with nature formed in him the basis of a true aesthetic taste. Books, 
 pictures, the infinite charm of social recreation, those have wrought their 
 delightful impress upon an otherwise stern, serious character. A perfect picture 
 of physical health, Mr. Dow is morally healthy. His mind is as upright as his 
 body is erect. True as steel to every friend and to every engagement, he exacts 
 equal fidelity ; but, profoundly observant of the frailties of human nature, he is 
 generous to the erring and unfortunate. Bold as a lion, he is fit to lead, but if 
 none follow he dares to stand alone in defense of cherished convictions. His 
 rugged, strong manhood has always led him to take a prominent part in out-door 
 sports and amusements, especially those of the turf, and here, as in other walks 
 of life, have acknowledged ability and unswerving integrity led to his being called 
 to occupy important posts of honor and trust. For the past three years he has 
 been president of the Chicago Driving Park, a position which he has filled with 
 honor to himself and in which he has done much to elevate the character of 
 running and trotting races. As he never wagers a dollar upon a race, but patron- 
 izes it solely from love of the sport and admiration of the highly bred horse, his 
 presence in the judges' stand has been invariably accepted as a guarantee of hon- 
 orable, upright management, and his decisions have always passed unchallenged. 
 The same qualities that have caused his influence to be sought in support of the 
 turf in his own city led to his having been twice chosen as first vice-president of 
 the board of review of the National Trotting Association, which is a sort of court 
 |of last resort for the settlement of disputed points of turf law and usage, and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 279 
 
 which has from time to time numbered among its members several of the most 
 eminent of American jurists; and here, as in all other positions to which duty or 
 the suffrages of the public have called him, his commanding ability has been con- 
 ceded on all hands, and his strict integrity has been unchallenged. 
 
 E. L. KNOTT. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in 1826, 
 in Milford, Susquehanna county, and is the son of Sylvanus Knott and 
 Martha M. (Kelley) Knott. He attended public and select schools in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and also acquired much useful and practical knowledge by hard study out of 
 school. At the age of seventeen he went to the state of New York to live with an 
 uncle, and there attended school. Removing to Chicago in 1848, he was there 
 engaged in teaching for a time, and also taught in Kankakee county, at that time 
 a part of Will county, Illinois. Having decided to fit himself for the practice of 
 law, he began his legal studies in 1849, with Hon. Calvin DeWolf, in Chicago, and 
 for some four years thereafter continued his studies, in connection with teaching, 
 by which he earned means to defray his expenses and maintain himself. He was 
 admitted to practice in 1853. In 1855 he opened an office for the general practice 
 of the law, and has devoted himself uninterruptedly to his professional duties 
 since that time, well earning and meriting the reputation which he has of being 
 an able and successful lawyer. 
 
 Mr. Knott is a gentleman whose deportment is marked with kindness, and he 
 has a faculty of putting at ease all who favor him with their calls. He is a good 
 judge of human nature, and is a practical man, and sensible without ostentation. 
 He married Miss Josephine King, of Chicago, and has by her two sons. 
 
 RICHARD BIDDLE ROBERTS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born at Pittsburgh, August 25, 1825, and is the 
 son of Edward I. and Elisa (Campbell) Roberts. He received a liberal edu- 
 cation, and showed an aptness for the profession of law, upon the practice of 
 which he entered in early life. In the years 1853 to 1856 he held the office of 
 district attorney for Allegheny county, and was United States attorney for the 
 western district of Pennsylvania from 1857 to 1861. In the year 1854 he was 
 married to Miss Mary H. Anderson, a member of one of the old and esteemed 
 Pennsylvania families. At the time of the rebellion, and when hostilities were 
 declared, he lost no time in volunteering, and materially aided in raising the I2th 
 Penn. regiment, in which he was commissioned captain, but was soon after pro- 
 moted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, on the staff of Gov. Curtin. 
 
 Upon the formation of the celebrated Reserve Corps, he was commissioned
 
 28O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 colonel of its first regiment. In the opening engagement of the seven days' bat- 
 tle on the peninsula, five companies of this regiment were the first to be attacked, 
 but from the sheltered position which they finally assumed behind Beaver Dam 
 Creek, and from which the united regiment fought, little loss was experienced, 
 though the enemy was terribly scourged. At Games' Mill on the following day, 
 Col. Roberts fought under the eye of Gen. Porter, in chief command upon the 
 field, and won his approval by the gallantry and steadiness with which every 
 order was executed. 
 
 The Army of the Potomac was never in more imminent danger of rout and 
 destruction, than at Charles City Cross Roads July 30, 1862. The Reserves' thir- 
 teen regiments of infantry were drawn up in two lines across the New Market 
 road, covering the Charles City and Quaker roads. The flanks, not connecting 
 immediately with other troops, were exposed, and then the attack was pressed 
 severely, but the valor of the Reserves was successful in breaking the force in 
 their front until nightfall, when the battle ceased, and the foe retired from the 
 contest, abandoning his cherished purpose of severing the Union army and beat- 
 ing it in detail. 
 
 Gen. McCall, who commanded the Reserves, says in his official report: "Coop- 
 er's and Kern's batteries in front of the center were boldly charged upon, each 
 time a regiment dashing up to within forty or fifty yards. They were then 
 hurled back by a storm of canister and the deliberate fire of the first regiment. 
 Col. Roberts, whom I had placed immediately in the rear of Kern's, and the ninth, 
 Col. Jackson, in the rear of Cooper's. The contest was severe, and put the stead- 
 iness of these regiments to the test. Both suffered heavy loss, but particularly 
 the first regiment, whose gallant lieutenant-colonel (Mclntire) was severely 
 wounded." 
 
 Not less gallant was the conduct of Col. Roberts at South Mountain. The 
 Reserves were the first to come up to Turner's Gap, where the rebel troops were 
 strongly posted in the fastnesses of this great natural barrier. Far down on the 
 breast of the mountain was a stone wall, behind which was the rebel skirmish 
 line. Against this Col. Roberts led his men with unflinching bravery. The fire 
 was severe, but undaunted he pushed forward, and scaling the rugged breast- 
 work, and following up the advantage, wavered not until rock and steep acclivity 
 were passed, and the enemy driven from his well chosen position. At the close 
 of this campaign, Gov. Curtin called Col. Roberts again to his assistance. His 
 executive and legal ability, with his knowledge of the special duties of the posi- 
 tion, fitted him to decide the delicate questions involved in granting promotions, 
 with rare tact. 
 
 To this call he acceded, and having been discharged at the governor's 
 request, at once resumed its duties. By the report of his department for the year 
 1864, it appears that four thousand commissions were issued from his office. 
 When it is remembered that for almost every one of these were several appli- 
 cants, and that all the testimony in each case had to be considered, weighed and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 28 1 
 
 acted on, some idea can be formed of the amount of patient labor involved. 
 Thirty thousand commissions had been issued previous to the year 1864. In 1869 
 Mr. Roberts removed from Pittsburgh (where, after the close of the war, he had 
 resumed the practice of his profession) to Chicago where he now resides, and has 
 given his undivided attention to the duties of his profession, and with marked 
 success. Although engaged in the general practice, much of his time is occupied 
 with corporation and patent cases. He avoids specialties, and takes charge of 
 any branch that may offer. He is a republican in politics, but takes no active 
 part, but in his native state was very prominent. Previous to the war he was a 
 democrat. Col. Roberts is president of the Bar Association of Chicago, and also 
 president of the St. Andrew's Benevolent Society of Illinois. 
 
 WILLIAM D. GATES. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in 1852, at Ashland, Ohio, and is 
 descended from an old revolutionary family. His father, Simon S. Gates, 
 who was at one time a member of the Massachusetts legislature, emigrated to 
 Ohio in 1852. William was educated at Wheaton College, whence he graduated 
 in June 1875. In the following fall he entered the Union College of Law at Chi- 
 cago, remaining there about one year, when he was called home by the death of 
 his father, and was engaged there attending to private business for about two 
 years. In 1878 Mr. Gates returned to Chicago, and continued his studies at the 
 law school, and in 1879 graduated and was admitted to the bar. He commenced 
 the practice of his profession in the fall of the same year, and since that time has 
 devoted to it his whole attention. Mr. Gates is a young man of promise, and 
 with his professional and business abilities, together with his attainments and 
 estimable personal qualities, may hopefully look for the realization of his bright- 
 est anticipations. 
 
 JOHN F. FLOWER. 
 
 JOHN F. FLOWER was born at Colebrook, Ashtabula county, Ohio, January 
 13, 1852, and was the son of James W. and Eliza Ann Flower. He is a third 
 cousin of Adml. Porter, of the United States Navy, and a grandson of Zephraim 
 Flower, who was a captain in the war of 1812. He is a second cousin of Hon. 
 R. P. Flower, banker and member of congress, New York city; nephew of Col. 
 Lloyd Wheaton, of regular army; first cousin of the wife of Col. Dent, of regular 
 army, and Gen. U. S. Grant's nephew. Mr. Flower was educated at Fulton Col- 
 lege, Fulton City, Illinois, and afterward pursued a course of legal study in the 
 law department of the University of Michigan, and graduated therefrom March 
 26, 1874. He is a self-made man, and at the early age of eleven years commenced 
 his career by working on a canal boat running on what was then known as the
 
 282 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Erie, Pittsburgh and Extension canal, the products of his labor principally going 
 to the support of his father's family, until he was seventeen years of age. His 
 parents are deceased. His mother died when he was only two months old, and 
 his father died at Willsburg, Pennsylvania, in the fall of 1868. 
 
 He removed to Chicago in the summer of 1869, and by industry and hard 
 labor was enabled to keep himself at school until he was prepared to enter Fulton 
 College. He made some money in speculations, and was enabled to pursue his 
 studies without interruption at Ann Arbor until he graduated, after which he 
 was admitted to the bar at Lansing, Michigan. He was admitted to the bar of 
 Illinois at Mount Vernon, July 30, 1874, and has been in general practice of the law 
 in Chicago since that time, and has been engaged in several important cases. At 
 fourteen years of age he was baptized, and became a member of the Free-will 
 Baptist Church of Wellsburg, Erie county, Pennsylvania. In 1876 he joined the 
 Fulton Avenue Presbyterian Church, of Chicago. He was married December 27, 
 1877, to Miss Clara Latitia Meyer, daughter of Berthold Meyer, of Burlington, 
 Iowa, an extensive dealer in hides and furs, and large owner of real and personal 
 property in Burlington and Chicago. Mr. Flower gives strict attention to busi- 
 ness intrusted to his care, and merits the confidence of his patrons, by promptness 
 and honorable dealing. He has devoted special attention to pension claims and 
 to locating lands under the soldiers' homestead law, and is thoroughly versed in 
 these branches, as well as in the general practice of his profession. 
 
 RUFUS KING. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Ithaca, New York, and was born 
 December 24, 1822, the son of John King, one of the first settlers of that 
 part of the state, and Irene (Ely) King, a daughter of one of the first settlers in 
 the town of Hector, New York. Her brother, Hector Ely, was the first male child 
 born in that town. The grandfather of Mr. King was a revolutionary soldier 
 from Maryland, who enlisted when he was sixteen years old, and served through 
 the war. Rufus enjoyed the advantages of the common schools, and afterward 
 took a scientific, classical, academic course. He studied medicine, and graduated 
 from the University of the City of New York, in the spring of 1847. He practiced 
 medicine a few years, but finding it unsuited to him, he abandoned it, and turned 
 his attention to the study of law with F. O. Rogers, of Elmira, New York. 
 Removing to the West in 1855, he settled at Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin, remain- 
 ing there until 1862, when he enlisted in the jist regiment Wis. Vol. Inf. Early 
 in 1864 he was appointed by President Lincoln, commissary of subsistence, with 
 the rank of captain, and assigned to duty at Stephenson, Alabama, where he 
 remained from May i, until the winter following. He was commissary for the 
 army in the field, as it moved up the railroad as fast as it was repaired until it 
 reached Greenville, east Tennessee, when Joe Johnson's army surrendered. He
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 283 
 
 kept a depot of army supplies at Knoxville, through the fall of 1865, and then 
 returned to Chattanooga. He was mustered out of the service, and arrived home 
 in February 1866. Although government property passed through Mr. King's 
 hands to the amount of millions of dollars, so careful and accurate was he in all 
 of the details of his business, that he never had an account disputed. He 
 removed to Chicago in 1866, but afterward went to Beloit, Wisconsin, and erected 
 a block of stores in that place, and returned to Chicago, and formed a law part- 
 nership with Allan C. Story. The firm was engaged in important litigation, and 
 carried on an extensive business for several years. Since its dissolution, Mr. 
 King has been doing business by himself. He is a good lawyer, having excellent 
 practical judgment, whether in business affairs or the investigation of legal ques- 
 tions. As a lawyer he is cautious and pains-taking, and especially able in the 
 trial of cases. 
 
 He is a gentleman of culture and refinement, has a fine presence, is always 
 courteous and friendly, and maintains a character for uprightness and integrity. 
 He has been married twice. His first marriage was to Miss Catherine Gardiner, 
 daughter of George Gardiner, of Chemung county, New York. She died in 1863, 
 while Mr. King was in the army, leaving one son and two daughters. He was 
 again married in 1878, to Miss Lillie Cogswell, daughter of the late W. A. Cogs- 
 well, a prominent citizen of Halifax, Nova Scotia. 
 
 CHARLES A. DIBBLE. 
 
 CHARLES A. DIBBLE was born January 31, 1842, in Salisbury, Herkimer 
 county, New York, in which place his father was engaged in the lumber busi- 
 ness. In 1849 the family moved to Columbia county, Wisconsin, where Charles 
 received the greater part of his schooling. Being studious, he employed his leisure 
 time in self-improvement, and in that way developed his abilities and manhood. 
 When quite young he was qualified to teach school, and engaged in that occupa- 
 tion until the outbreak of the war, when he enlisted as a sergeant in the 2gth Wis. 
 Inf., Col. Charles R. Gill, and as a soldier, made a most creditable record. At the 
 battle of Port Gibson, Mississippi, he received a wound which resulted in the loss 
 of his left leg below the knee. As a soldier he signalized himself by his bravery 
 and faithfulness to duty. When mustered out of the service he returned to 
 Columbia county, Wisconsin, and resumed school teaching there and at Fox 
 Lake, in Dodge county; thence he went to Milwaukee and attended the Markham 
 Academy during the summer and fall of 1866, taking a partial course in law in 
 addition to his academic studies. In the fall of 1866 he was elected clerk of the 
 court of the ninth judicial circuit, and was reflected to two successive terms. 
 During these terms of clerkship he read law under the direction of Israel Holmes, 
 now of Chicago, and was admitted to the Wisconsin bar in the fall of 1871, when 
 he resigned his clerkship and removed to Chicago, arriving there the day after
 
 284 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the great fire ; commenced the practice of law, and has been so engaged ever 
 since, with a more than average success in all respects. 
 
 Owing both to his natural fitness and experience in public affairs his friends 
 have enthusiastically urged his candidacy for several important public trusts. 
 He takes an interest in all matters pertaining to soldiers, and is judge advocate 
 of the Veteran Union League, vice-president of the Union Veteran Club, and 
 senior vice-commander of Post 28, Grand Army of the Republic, and is an active 
 and highly respected member of these organizations. He is an active member of 
 the republican party, and identifies himself with political campaigns. He is a 
 man of exemplary habits, and is respected as a lawyer, a gentleman and a citizen. 
 In 1870 he married the daughter of Dr. Peter Winter, formerly of Horicon, Wis- 
 consin, now of Chicago. 
 
 GEORGE W. KRETZINGER. 
 
 EORGE WASHINGTON KRETZINGER is a native of Scioto county, 
 V_T Ohio, and was born August u, 1844, the son of Rev. Isaac Kretzinger, a 
 clergyman of the United Brethren denomination. His paternal grandfather 
 immigrated from Germany, and settled in the state of Virginia. George W. 
 received a collegiate education, and during the years that he was pursuing his 
 studies, by working on a farm and in other avocations, earned the means for 
 defraying the expenses of his education, as well as of his personal maintenance. 
 After his graduation- he went to Iowa, when he became a teacher in the Keokuk 
 classical school, and also began the study of law, under the preceptorship of Hon. 
 George W. McCrary, an ex-member of President Hayes' cabinet, and now (1883) 
 judge of the United States circuit court for the district of Iowa. Mr. Kretzinger 
 finished his legal studies with Henry Strong, now of Chicago, then of Keokuk, 
 and at that time a leading railway attorney in Iowa, and was admitted to the bar 
 of Iowa in March 1867. Soon after his admission to practice, he removed from 
 Keokuk, and in the September following formed a partnership with Judge R. L. 
 Hannaman at Knoxville, Illinois, which continued until 1873, when Mr. Kret- 
 zinger removed to Chicago, where he formed a partnership with John I. Bennett, 
 now master in chancery, of the United States circuit court. This partnership 
 was dissolved by mutual consent, and Mr. Kretzinger has now associated with 
 him his younger brother, under the name and style of G. W. and J. T. Kretzinger. 
 
 The subject of this sketch has made a special study of corporation law, and 
 his business, which is very extensive, is largely confined to that branch of prac- 
 tice. Since 1877 he has been general solicitor for the Chicago and Iowa Railway 
 Company, and" has represented various other railway companies in some of the 
 most important legal controversies which have arisen since 1873. 
 
 Mr. Kretzinger has a keen and logical mind, a tenacious memory and mental 
 operations of remarkable quickness and accuracy. He is full of resource, and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 287 
 
 fertile in invention, and possesses a tireless energy, which renders him almost 
 invincible, when once fairly aroused and thoroughly interested. As a lawyer he 
 posesses a powerful reason, comprehends the scope of a complicated case with 
 great clearness, and analyzes the legal propositions involved, with accuracy. As 
 a speaker, he is vigorous, logical and terse, and does not strive so much for ornate 
 diction, or well rounded periods, as to set forth succinctly, forcibly and clearly, 
 the legal propositions upon which he relies, and to arrange and present facts to 
 which the legal principles involved are applied. Mr. Kretzinger was married 
 August 29, 1878, to Miss Clara J. Wilson, of Rock Island, and has one son. 
 
 JOHN JOHNSTON, JR. 
 
 r I ""HE subject of this sketch is a native of Illinois. He was born in Knoxville, 
 .L April 3, 1843, and is the son of John Johnston, one of the first settlers, and a 
 well known and successful business man in that part of the state. His mother 
 was Annie (Mitchell) Johnston. His paternal grandfather, John Johnston, was an 
 Episcopal clergyman, who lived in Belfast, Ireland. 
 
 Our subject attended the high school at Peoria, Illinois, for several years; he 
 was one year in Kenyon College, at Gambier, Ohio, and graduated from Yale 
 College in 1863. He attended Albany Law School, and graduated from that 
 institution late in 1864. He afterward continued his legal studies in the office of 
 Thomas G. Frost in Galesburg, Illinois, and later in the offices of Emery A. 
 Storrs, Cyrus Bentley, and W. C. Goudy, of Chicago, and was admitted to the 
 bar of Illinois in 1865. He practiced law in Chicago until 1879, since which time 
 he has retired from active practice in the courts, and devoted himself to the care 
 of his property, and that of his family, together with other real estate interests. 
 
 Mr. Johnston was married in 1871, to Miss Elizabeth C. Gay, by whom he has 
 one son. 
 
 MILO M. FASSETT. 
 
 MILO M. FASSETT is a native of Champlain, New York, and was born 
 January 19, 1819. His grandfathers, Jonathan Fassett and Ephraim Smith, 
 were both revolutionary soldiers, and fought bravely at the battle of Bennington. 
 The father of our subject, Moses Fassett, was a prominent citizen, and a friend 
 of education, who devoted considerable time to its cause, and was one of those 
 whose influence caused the establishment of the free-school system of Canada. 
 His mother's maiden name was Lucy Smith. Milo M. received a very thorough 
 education in the common schools, and in St. Lawrence Academy at Potsdam, 
 New York. Later, he taught school some six years, and justly earned the reputa- 
 tion of being one of the best educators in the state. He afterward read law with 
 Geo. R. Rich, at Auburn, New York, and was admitted to the New York bar. He 
 3
 
 288 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 then went to Red Creek in Wayne county, New York, and practiced law with 
 good success for one year, after which he enlisted and served three years in the 
 war of the rebellion. He took a conspicuous part in the battle of Williamsport, 
 West Virginia; was also in the battles of Monocacy Junction, Maryland, and 
 Morefield, West Virginia. He was a brave soldier, fearless in battle, and ever 
 attentive to duty, both in camp and in the field. 
 
 After the close of the war he settled at Valparaiso, Indiana, and there resumed 
 the practice of his profession, with a degree of success that gained for him the 
 distinction of being an able lawyer. He removed to Chicago in 1867, and has 
 become well and favorably known as a skillful and successful practioner at the 
 bar of this city. 
 
 Mr. Fassett suffered materially in the great fire of October 9, 1871, but man- 
 fully meeting his misfortune, applied himself with characteristic energy and vigor 
 to make good his losses. He is a man of fine qualities; social, generous and 
 genial, and with his rare fund of knowledge gained from his varied experiences, 
 and his conversational powers, is a most agreeable companion. As a lawyer he 
 has the respect of his professional brethren, and the fullest confidence of his 
 clients. 
 
 Mr. Fassett was married April 30, 1849, to Miss Elizabeth Lynn. Of the five 
 children that have been born to them four are living. Their second son lost his 
 life in attempting to save the goods of his employer in the fire of 1871. 
 
 JAMES FRAKE. 
 
 JAMES FRAKE was born at the town of Loughborough, in the county of Lei- 
 cester, England, March 29, 1841. He is a son of George Frake, who emigrated 
 to this country in the year 1844, and in October of that year settled on a farm at 
 Wheeling, Cook county, Illinois, but did not long survive his arrival there, dying 
 in March, 1846. 
 
 James worked on a farm with his step-father (his mother having again mar- 
 ried) till he was eighteen years of age. He then started out for himself by entering 
 the preparatory school connected with the Northwestern University at Evanston, 
 from which latter institution he graduated, July 12, 1866, with degree of B.A. 
 During the entire period of his education he supported himself, and in order to 
 bring down his expenses to the lowest point, he, with other students, kept bachelor's 
 hall. He passed through college successfully and with honor, and was at the 
 head of his class. Unfortunately, during the whole of his academic career, his 
 health at times was very bad, and continued in a precarious condition for five 
 years after he commenced practice, but he is now apparently in the enjoyment of 
 good health, but still not of a strong or robust nature. 
 
 James Frake is, and always has been, of quiet, temperate and studious habits, 
 which fact probably led to his choosing the legal profession as being suited to
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 289 
 
 his temperate and studious nature. After graduating, he was principal of Bloom 
 Academy for one year; then went abroad for the following year. On his return 
 he attended the Chicago Law School, from which he graduated in 1869, and 
 obtained his license to practice law from the supreme court in May of that year. 
 In June, 1874, he was elected trustee of the Northwestern University, being the 
 first alumnus elected to that position. For several years he has been on the joint 
 board of management of the Union College of Law in Chicago. He was also a 
 member of the board of education for an unexpired term of two years, which 
 position he filled with ability and also credit to himself. 
 
 Mr. Frake has traveled somewhat, having made four trips to Europe, and 
 being a careful observer, has gained from that source a rare fund of practical and 
 valuable information. He is an exemplary Christian, and is connected with the 
 Centenary Methodist Church, of Chicago, being one of its trustees and also a 
 devoted teacher in its Sunday-school. In politics he has always been a republi- 
 can, but takes no active part therein. Mr. Frake has been twice married. His 
 present wife was Evelyn M. Allen, of Elk Grove, daughter of the late John Allen, 
 formerly of Vermont. 
 
 MAJ. FRANK J. CRAWFORD. 
 
 FRANK J. CRAWFORD was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, July 
 12, 1834, and is the son of J. W. Crawford. The family is of Scotch extrac- 
 tion, and descended from a family of that name that settled in Pennsylvania dur- 
 ing its early history. The subject of this sketch resided in Pennsylvania until he 
 was thirteen years of age, working on a farm and attending school. He then 
 moved to western Maryland, where he attended the common schools, and finished 
 his education in Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania. He afterward 
 taught school a number of years in Maryland, Pennsylvania and Illinois. He 
 moved to Illinois in 1855, and settled in La Salle county, and read law in the office 
 of Leland and Leland, the former of whom, Hon. Edwin S. Leland, was for many 
 years judge of the ninth judicial circuit, and was afterward one of the judges of 
 the appellate court. The junior member of the firm also has occupied a judicial 
 position. Mr. Crawford was admitted to the bar in 1858, having been examined 
 by the old committee, consisting of Judges Beckwith, Peck and Mr. Judd, and 
 devoted himself to the practice of the law until the opening of the war of the 
 rebellion, in 1861. Responding to President Lincoln's call for volunteers, he 
 enlisted in the 5jd regiment, 111. Vol. Inf., as a private, and passed through all of 
 the different gradations, to the rank of captain, and was breveted major for mer- 
 itorious services in the field. He served in western Tennessee and rose to the 
 rank of first lieutenant, and November 10, 1862, was appointed by the president 
 commissary of subsistence, with the rank of captain. 
 
 Gen. J. G. Lauman, in his official report of the battle of Hatchie River, says: 
 "To Capt. Scofield, my assistant adjutant-general, and Lieut. Frank J. Craw-
 
 290 
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ford, my aide, I tender my most sincere thanks for the valuable assistance they 
 rendered me. I can truly say they were the right men in the right place." 
 
 Maj. Crawford was in active service all of the three years and eight months he 
 was in the army; and in the field all of that time, except one year when he was 
 stationed at Port Hudson, Louisiana. During the Vicksburg campaign, and 
 until after the capture of Jackson, he was on the staff of Maj. -Gen. Alvin P. 
 Hovey, of Indiana, and was afterward on the staff of Maj. -Gen. Geo. L. Andrews, 
 who since the war has been one of the faculty of West Point. 
 
 At the close of the war Maj. Crawford returned to Illinois and resumed his 
 profession. He removed to Chicago in 1871, since which time he has been con- 
 nected with much important litigation. 
 
 In his political sentiments Maj. Crawford is a republican. He cast his first 
 ballot for Gen. Fremont, and since that time has uniformly supported the repub- 
 lican party. 
 
 He was married in 1865, to Miss Max Fyffe, daughter of the late Gen. E. P. 
 Fyffe, of Ohio. In his profession Mr. Crawford maintains a high standing, as an 
 able, upright and thorough lawyer, and by devotion to his duties and faithfulness 
 to his clients, has established a large practice and a most enviable reputation. He 
 is a man of excellent social qualities, and is the center of a wide circle of friends, 
 who esteem him for his genuine manliness. 
 
 UZZIEL P. SMITH. 
 
 T TZZIEL P. SMITH was born in Orange, Massachusetts, December 18, 1836, 
 \J and was the eldest son of Humphrey and Sophronia A. Smith. He received 
 his primary education at the high school in Townsend, Vermont, and afterward 
 went to college at Oberlin, Ohio, where he studied about one year. He then 
 entered Harvard Law School and commenced the study of law, graduating in 
 1858. The same year he was admitted, he was admitted to practice in the supreme 
 court at Boston. Coming west Mr. Smith settled in Des Moines, Iowa, where he 
 entered into partnership in the practice of law with Judge Bates. In the fall of 
 1859 he removed to Chicago, and entered the office of Messrs. Scales, McAllister 
 and Jewett, where he continued until the fall of 1861. Afterward, in September, 
 1862, he entered the office of Messrs. Walker and Dexter, and in 1863 became a 
 partner in that firm, under the name and style of Walker, Dexter and Smith. 
 Subsequently, on the retirement of Mr. Walker to take the presidency of the 
 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad, the style of the firm became Dexter 
 and Smith, and so continued until January, 1878. After that time Mr. Smith was 
 out of practice for about two years, but resumed practice in the spring of 1881 in 
 connection with his brother, Abner Smith, and J. M. H. Burgett, under style of 
 Smith and Burgett, which firm now exists. 
 
 In .September, 1861, Mr. Smith recruited what was known as McAllister's Bat-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 2Q I 
 
 tery ist 111. Light Artillery, and was appointed second lieutenant. He was quar- 
 tered with his battery during the winter of 1861-2, and joined the Army of the 
 Tennessee in February, 1862, being with the land forces operating in support of the 
 gunboats in the attack on Fort Henry, and also participated in the attack on Fort 
 Donaldson. The health of his wife failing, and not being able to obtain leave of 
 absence, Mr. Smith resigned his commission in the army and returned to his 
 home in Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Smith has been and is prominently connected with building enterprises in 
 Chicago, and is in the truest sense a public spirited man. Among the many 
 improvements which the city owes to him is what is known as Aldine square, 
 located on Vincennes avenue, in the southern limits of the city, and built by him 
 in 1875 and 1876, and which is one of the beauty spots in this the Queen City of 
 the West. 
 
 Mr. Smith is a republican, but takes no active part in political matters. 
 
 MICHAEL W. ROBINSON. 
 
 MICHAEL WALLER ROBINSON was born October 13, 1837, near Fulton, 
 Missouri ; the son of an enterprising and successful farmer and stock 
 raiser. Mr. Robinson attended the public and high schools in Fulton, and in 
 1854 went to Georgetown College, Kentucky, where he remained only one year, 
 when he entered Yale College in the junior class, and graduated with the rank 
 of orator in 1857. On his return to Missouri he was chosen professor of Latin and 
 Greek in the William Jewell College at Liberty, Missouri, which position he held 
 for three years, during the last year of which term he was acting president of the 
 college. In the meantime he had been studying law under the direction of Gen. 
 A. W. Doniphan, and was admitted to the bar of Missouri in 1859, and resigning 
 his professorship he went to Harvard Law School, where he graduated in 1861. 
 He then returned to Fulton and began practice in partnership with Gen. John A. 
 Hockaday, late attorney general of Missouri, and remained there until October 
 1864, when he removed to Chicago. For one year he was associated with Norman 
 C. Perkins, then for nearly a year with J. P. Clarkson, and then with Judge Lam- 
 bert Tree from 1866 (in which year he was married) until Judge Tree was elected 
 to the bench of the circuit court in 1870. Thereafter he formed a connection with 
 John V. Lemoyne, which lasted for about three years, and from 1876 until 1878 he 
 had associated with himself L. V. Ferris, and since that time A. W. Green. 
 
 Mr. Robinson is a democrat, and has for years been actively identified with the 
 workings of the democratic party. He represented Callaway county, Missouri, 
 in the state legislature from 1861 to 1863, and was a director of the state lunatic 
 asylum at Fulton, and curator of the State University at Columbia, Missouri. He 
 was a delegate to the democratic national convention of 1864, held in Chicago, 
 which nominated McClellan for President, and it was during that visit that he
 
 292 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 decided to remove thither. In 1875 Mr. Robinson was elected to the state senate 
 from the seventh senatorial district of Illinois, and served in the 3oth and 315! 
 general assemblies, and was president of the democratic state convention of 1878. 
 
 Mr. Robinson has a large general civil practice. He is notable for good judg- 
 ment and sagacity, and experience and skill in conducting business negotiations; 
 for sound judicious counsel, and for a certain forcibleness in presenting cases to 
 juries. 
 
 As attorney of the town of Lake View he began and has conducted through all 
 their stages to final success in the supreme court, the suits against the North 
 Chicago City Railway Company, involving the question of the right of the muni- 
 cipality to prohibit the use of steam motive power in streets. The validity of a 
 slave marriage and the rights of inheritance of a child born of slave marriage 
 were established in a case tried by Mr. Robinson, which was the first case of the 
 kind in Illinois. He has been giving some attention to real estate investments 
 with considerable success, and is a permanent resident of Lake View, and some- 
 what actively identified with the municipal affairs of that suburb. 
 
 HON. MASON B. LOOMIS. 
 
 MASON B. LOOMIS was born in Harrisville township, Medina county, 
 Ohio, in 1838. His father, Milo Loomis, was a tanner. His mo.ther's 
 maiden name was Lucy Ann Greenly. Mason attended the village school until 
 fifteen years of age. During his sixteenth year his father and mother died, leav- 
 ing him to make his way in the world without parental care. Shortly after this 
 he went to Oberlin College, Ohio, and from there came west, and was in differ- 
 ent places clerking and bookkeeping until he was twenty-one years of age, when 
 he returned to Ohio in 1859, and married Mary Ellen Ainsworth, a native of the 
 same place he was. 
 
 He commenced reading law in Wooster, Ohio, with Bliss and McSweeney. 
 The latter, John McSweeney, is the noted criminal lawyer, and Mr. Bliss is also a 
 noted lawyer in Ohio. During the spring of 1861 he was admitted to the bar 
 and, returning to Illinois, settled in Kankakee in practice, remaining there until 
 June, 1870, doing a successful business. During that time, .in the fall of 1868, he 
 was elected state's attorney for the then twentieth judicial district, comprised of 
 the counties of Livingston, Iroquois and Kankakee. He was elected for four 
 years, but resigned the office and removed to Chicago in June, 1870, and became 
 a member of the law firm of Runyan, Avery, Loomis and Comstock, in which con- 
 nection he remained until January, 1874, when he withdrew and formed a part- 
 nership with Hon. Charles H. Wood, late judge of the former twentieth judicial 
 circuit, the partnership being continued until the fall of 1877, when he was 
 elected county judge of Cook county for four years, and served five years, an 
 amendment to the constitution of the state extending the term one year. His
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 293 
 
 term expired in the fall of 1882, when he resumed practice in partnership with 
 Mr. Needham, the firm being Needham and Loomis, which is already enjoying a 
 good first-class practice. 
 
 In his judicial capacity Mr. Loomis stood high in the esteem of the bar and 
 the public as a conscientious, impartial and painstaking judge. He was studious, 
 quick of apprehension, independent and upright, doing what he considers exact 
 justice to those who come before him. He possesses the same qualities as a 
 lawyer. He is a pleasant and genial gentleman, and held in high estimate by all 
 who come in contact with him in any capacity. 
 
 WALTER M. JA.CKSON. 
 
 WALTER M. JACKSON was born in the city of Quebec, Canada, February 
 2, 1847, and is the son of Alfred Jackson, who has been for many years 
 one of the most prominent physicians in that city, where he still resides. His 
 education was principally received in the common and grammar schools of Que- 
 bec. In 1867 he removed to Chicago, and was engaged in mercantile pursuits up 
 to the year 1877, when he commenced the study of law in the office of J. W. 
 Bennett, and also at the Union College of Law, from which institution he gradu- 
 ated. Continuing his studies up to 1881, he began the practice of his profession, 
 opening an office in this city. He takes no active part in politics, and being 
 an " independent," is not tied down by party lines. He is a young man of enter- 
 prise, able and studious, and with his talents and attainments may take a promi- 
 nent position in his profession. 
 
 JOHN W. MARSH. 
 
 JOHN W. MARSH was born in Woodstock, Vermont, in 1845, and is a son 
 of Hon. Charles P. Marsh, a member of the late widely known firm of Wash- 
 burn and Marsh, of that place. He was fitted for college under the influences of 
 the excellent associations that surrounded his father, and entered Amherst Col- 
 lege in the autumn of 1862. But in 1863 he left college and entered, as a private, 
 the 3d Vermont battery, and served actively with it until the close of the war of 
 the rebellion, during which time he was promoted successively to the ranks of 
 ist sergeant and 2nd lieutenant. 
 
 The battery joined the Army of the Potomac at the battle of the Wilderness, 
 and served actively with that army until the close of the war, forming a part of 
 the 9th, and afterward of the 6th corps. 
 
 In one of the many engagements before Petersburgh, he was wounded by a 
 shell while commanding a section of the battery. He was mustered out of ser- 
 vice in June 1865, resumed his studies in Amherst College in 1866, and graduated
 
 294 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 therefrom in 1868. In his earlier life Mr. Marsh had familiarized himself with 
 the principles of law in connection with his father's office and business, both 
 by observation and a faithful improvement of his spare moments in study, and 
 after graduating from college entered the office of Washburn and Marsh, as a 
 a student, and in the year following, 1869, was admitted to the bar. He soon 
 afterward went to Springfield, Vermont, and engaged in the practice of the law, 
 and remained there until the autumn of 1870. During this period he was 
 appointed secretary of civil and military affairs for Vermont, by Governors Wash- 
 burn and Hendee. 
 
 He was married October 9, 1872, to Miss Annie S. Porter, daughter of Hon. 
 Frederick W. Porter, of Springfield, Vermont, and granddaughter of Judge Porter 
 of that state. He began his professional career in Chicago in 1870, and in the 
 spring of 1871 formed a partnership with L. H. Bisbee, with whom he continued 
 until after the great fire of that year. He afterward formed a partnership with 
 J. S. Grinnell, now city attorney of Chicago, which continued several years. 
 
 Mr. Marsh being able to control a large amount of capital in the East and 
 elsewhere, has for several years past, in connection with his law business, been 
 engaged in loaning money on real estate securities, and is so engaged at the 
 present date, 1883. He has established a large and successful business; is a gen- 
 tleman of high character and integrity, and is much esteemed in social and busi- 
 ness circles. 
 
 LAWRENCE M. ENNIS. 
 
 THE majority of mankind are imitators who follow the lead of others, because 
 they lack the aggressive element which makes them originators. A man 
 who possesses this element will naturally stem the tide instead of drifting with 
 it, and thus, coming into collision with the masses, he produces commotion and 
 becomes in his degree a leader. 
 
 The subject of this sketch, a Chicagoan by birth, is a young man of marked 
 ability, whose motto is a characteristic one : "In the bright lexicon of youth 
 there is no such word as fail." 
 
 Mr. Ennis was born November 3, 1859. His mother, also a native of Chicago, 
 was Mary A. (Sexton) Ennis, and was of Irish descent, and his father, James Ennis, 
 who was often known as the German-Irish lawyer, was one of the old practitioners 
 of the Chicago bar, a native of Ireland, settling in Chicago in 1854. His career as a 
 member of the fraternity is found elsewhere in this work. Lawrence received his 
 early education in the public schools of Chicago, and from private instruction, 
 when he continued the study of the languages, graduating from the high school 
 July 27, 1877. Immediately after leaving school he entered his father's office and 
 began the study of law, where he remained until the death of his father, Novem- 
 ber 9, 1880. At this time, although but one week over age, he entered into part- 
 nership with F. W. Walker, but a few years older than himself, and together
 
 J iyeOWill,.-., R. -JV
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 297 
 
 they took immediate charge of his father's business, which was very large, and a 
 great portion of which was among v the Germans, whose language Mr. Ennis 
 speaks fluently. 
 
 On November 16, 1880, young Ennis made application, and was examined 
 before the appellate court. The judges, understanding the circumstances, gave 
 him permission to practice until the convening of the supreme court January 12, 
 "1881, when he was formally admitted as a member of the Illinois bar. Mr. Ennis 
 succeeded in retaining his father's clients, and at once began the active duties 
 of his profession, and although engaged in active litigation he did not try his first 
 jury case until March 1881, when, before Judge Anthony, he had the opportunity 
 to display his talents and ability, his address to the jury moving the entire panel 
 to tears, and gaining his case. Mr. Ennis, being so young in appearance, was 
 regarded by some as not a very dangerous antagonist, but during his first year at 
 the bar, in which he tried over one hundred jury cases, and several in the supreme 
 and appellate courts in which he was successful, he dispelled the opinions, and has 
 proved that he is well qualified in his profession, although the youngest attorney 
 in the state who has an active practice. Mr. Ennis favors advocacy and as an 
 advocate wins his success; he is essentially a jury lawyer. His personal appear- 
 ance is striking, he being six feet, one and one-half inches tall, having prominent 
 features, indicative of his restless energy. On account of his power of observa- 
 tion, his ability to discern the motives of men, and his unusual foresight since his 
 boyhood, he has often been known among his comrades as Lynx Eyed Ennis, a 
 nom de plume which he accepted, and he has written many articles over the signa- 
 ture " Lynx Eye." 
 
 Mr. Ennis, at the death of his father, was the oldest of ten orphans, six boys 
 and four girls, his mother having died some year previous. This was a consider- 
 able stimulant to his energies, as his father's estate, although large, was mostly 
 unimproved property, yielding no income, and was not available without consid- 
 erable trouble and delay, therefore Mr. Ennis has been obliged to be the support 
 of the family ever since. 
 
 In politics he is an active democrat. In June 1880, although not yet of age, he 
 was called upon by the democratic state committee to stump the state, and during 
 the campaign he made sixty-seven speeches for Hancock, English, and Trumbull, 
 making an enviable record as a campaign orator, and was one of the original 
 eighteen who organized the " Iroquois Club," a democratic social organization, 
 well known throughout the Northwest. In October 1881 Mr. Ennis was tendered 
 the nomination, as clerk of the criminal court of Cook county, by the democratic 
 convention, which he peremptorily declined, wishing to devote his entire time 
 and energy to his profession. 
 
 Mr. Ennis is well known in the political, educational, military and social circles 
 
 of Chicago. At the age of thirteen he entered a literary and debating society, 
 
 and for eight years devoted himself to literary work, and was during that time 
 
 the president of thirteen different literary societies in Chicago. He was the 
 
 3'
 
 2Q8 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 organizer of the literary society in the north division high school and at various 
 other institutions. Remembering his alma mater he sends a gold medal each year 
 to the north division high school, to be awarded to the best essayist in the 
 graduating class. It is known as the Ennis Essay Medal. 
 
 Mr. Ennis while in the high school published a small daily manuscript paper, 
 and after that became editor of the " Literary Review," a journal devoted to the 
 Chicago literary societies, and has done much work in journalism. 
 
 As a speaker Mr. Ennis is successful, being very enthusiastic and convincing, 
 entering into his subject with his whole heart. During the campaign he was 
 known as the boy orator of Chicago. 
 
 His religion is Roman Catholic, and he is an active worker in the church of 
 his faith. 
 
 GEORGE SAWIN. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a native of Boston, Massachusetts, and was 
 born April 14, 1834. He is the fourth son of John and Charlotte (Lash) 
 Sawin, the former of whom was of Scotch and the latter of Welsh ancestry. 
 During his boyhood George attended school at Chelsea, Massachusetts, where 
 his parents resided for many years, but subsequently graduated from an institu- 
 tion of learning on Mayhew street in the city of Boston, under the instruction of 
 William D. Swan. He was fond of study and reading, and early decided to 
 enter the legal profession. Accordingly, after closing his studies in school, being 
 then about eighteen years of age, he entered the law office of Samuel E. Guild 
 and Hon. George S. Hilliard, both prominent at the Boston bar. He remained 
 there for about two years, at the expiration of which time, and before being 
 admitted to the bar, he was compelled, by reason of failing health, to abandon 
 his studies for a time. He thereupon made an extensive trip through the south- 
 ern and western states, and finally, in 1854, settled in Chicago, where he has since 
 made his home. 
 
 In 1855 Mr. Sawin accepted a position in the mercantile house of W. W. and 
 L. H. Mills, as credit man for the states of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. In 
 1856 he associated himself with Adam Carlyle in a real estate enterprise, and 
 laid out the town of De Soto on the Mississippi river, in Bad-axe county, Wiscon- 
 sin, where he invested all his possessions in a saw-mill, warehouse, ice house and 
 other buildings and improvements. The prospect seemed most favorable at the 
 opening, but the financial panic that swept over the country in 1857 proved dis- 
 astrous to the enterprise, and involved Mr. Sawin in the loss of all that he pos- 
 sessed. Returning to Chicago, he took a position in the dry goods house of 
 Stacy and Thomas, which he held until 1859, when the firm went into liquida- 
 tion, and he took a position in the postoffice at Chicago, under Hon. Isaac Cook, 
 postmaster. Being on the night service, he had some time during each day for 
 study. This he carefully employed in the law office of Hon. James P. Root, and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 299 
 
 by hard work completed his course of study, fitted himself for examination, and 
 was admitted to practice in both the state -and federal courts. The opening of 
 the war of the rebellion, however, deterred him from at once engaging in his 
 profession. 
 
 He enlisted in the 58th regiment 111. Vol. Inf., November i, 1860, and in the 
 following February left Chicago for Ft. Henry as quartermaster of that regiment, 
 and with the exception of a short time spent in Springfield, upon the reorganiza- 
 tion of his regiment after being liberated from Libby prison, he was constantly 
 in the field. He participated in many of the most important and bloody battles 
 of the war, of which may be mentioned Shiloh, Corinth, Pleasant Hill and Nash- 
 ville, serving a greater portion of the time on the staffs of Generals Smith, Mor- 
 row, Dodge and Sweny. 
 
 After the close of the war Mr. Sawin returned to Chicago and established 
 himself in the practice of his profession, and has since continued it uninterrupt- 
 edly, and achieved most satisfactory success. As a lawyer he is enterprising, able 
 and upright, a careful and conscientious counselor and adviser, a good advocate 
 and an honor to the profession. As a business man he enjoys the confidence of 
 all with whom he has to deal, and for upright, manly dealing bears a character 
 above reproach. He possesses a vigorous and robust body, and with his fine 
 mental attainments and unspotted record may confidently and hopefully look 
 forward to future achievements. 
 
 Mr. Sawin was married in 1855 to a most estimable lady, Miss Carrie L. Rust, 
 daughter of Elijah C. Rust, of Jamesville, Onondaga county, New York. 
 
 CHARLES ARND. 
 
 /^~*HARLES ARND was born at Bernhard's Bay, Oneida county, New York ; 
 V_^ on the 26th day of January, 1855. His father, B. Frederick Arnd, and his 
 mother, Caroline (Baxter) Arnd, are of German origin, their ancestry dating back 
 about three hundred years. His father took an active part in the service during 
 the late civil war, and his immediate ancestors have held prominent public posi- 
 tions in science, literature and theology; a grand uncle was abbe in Germany, 
 another was professor of Astronomy, Mineralogy and Botany, and another was 
 architect of the palaces constructed for the Prince of Hesse, and Edward Arnd, 
 the author of the continuation of Becker's History of the World, from 1815 to 
 the present, being a distant relative. 
 
 Charles received his early educational training at Bath, Steuben county, New 
 York, and after being fully prepared, entered Amherst College, Massachusetts, 
 and pursuing a full course of studies, graduated with honor, but having a 
 thirst for knowledge which carried him beyond these acquirements, he traveled 
 abroad throughout Europe, and from the universities of Berlin, Heidelberg and 
 Paris, gleaned what he could from the lectures on law, history and languages.
 
 T.OO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 \J 
 
 Returning to America, he continued for a time the study of law in the office of 
 McMaster and Parkhurst, in Bath, New York, but Charles, seeing the superior 
 advantages offered in Chicago, removed to the West in November, 1877, and pur- 
 sued a course of study with Hon. William H. King, and Thompson and Bishop, 
 and was admitted as a member of the bar in April, 1878, and practiced with suc- 
 cess until December, 1880, when he was appointed justice of the peace of North 
 Chicago. Having obtained a great many friends, he became a member of the 
 young men's auxiliary club, and was elected secretary of the same, in the fall of 
 1879. He assisted in the organization of the Zach Chandler mass meeting, held 
 in Chicago on the night previous to Mr. Chandler's death, and in the organiza- 
 tion of public mass meetings, held during the Garfield campaign, and was dele- 
 gate from the eighteenth ward of Chicago to the Farwell Hall presidential con- 
 vention during the Garfield campaign. His learning and experience have fully 
 equipped him for the active duties of the position which he now occupies as jus- 
 tice of the peace, and a member of the Chicago bar. 
 
 COL. JOHN W. BENNETT. 
 
 JOHN WESLEY BENNETT was born in Westmoreland, New Hampshire, in 
 the year 1837. His father, Rev. John G. Bennett, was a teacher in the semi- 
 nary at Newbury, Vermont, and one of the old circuit preachers of the Methodist 
 church. Col. Bennett is the oldest of a large family of children, and when quite 
 young he went to live with Judge Jackson, who owned and conducted a large 
 farm in Cornish, New Hampshire, and was judge of the district court there. 
 While with him John worked on the farm and in a saw mill, etc. In his youth he 
 evinced the possession of will-power, self-reliance, independence and decision of 
 character. He is essentially self-educated. Later while working on the farm he was 
 studious as well as industrious; it was his custom to study from four to six o'clock 
 in the morning, work until six in the evening, during the summer season, and 
 continue his study and reading until nine in the evening, when he retired, and in 
 the morning resumed the same routine for the next day. By this course were devel- 
 oped both mind and body. Later he attended the academy of Meriden, New 
 Hampshire, at West Brattleboro, and at Newbury, Vermont, and was among the 
 best scholars in his classes. He was fitted to enter the sophomore class in any 
 college. Being the oldest of a large family, he determined to, and did make his 
 way without material assistance from any source. He engaged in teaching school 
 and at the same time continued the work of self-improvement. He was not only 
 a student of books but of men and things, and laid up a fund of practical and 
 useful knowledge, such as he could not have obtained in the colleges, so far as 
 practical knowledge is concerned. He was a young man of studious habits, and 
 energetic, with firmness and stability of character, as a foundation upon which to 
 build.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 30! 
 
 At the outbreak of the war he was among the first to offer himself in the three 
 months' service, but was not accepted because of an injury he had sustained in his 
 right foot. He was disappointed but not discouraged, and was determined to 
 get into the service and believed he would succeed, as he had heretofore suc- 
 ceeded in accomplishing what he had determined upon. Hearing of a recruiting 
 officer for the cavalry near Bradford, Vermont, he, with three other young men 
 went there and was accepted. Being an entire stranger to the remainder of those 
 who had enlisted in the same company, he could not expect to get a commission, 
 made no effort to that end, but he drilled a squad of men, and made so favorable 
 an impression on his comrades that he was unanimously elected first lieutenant of 
 Co. D. When a regiment was filled and organized it was mustered as the ist Vt. 
 Cavalry, and ordered to Annapolis for drill, where it remained several months, 
 during which time Gen. John P. Hatch, commanding the brigade, appointed him, 
 unsolicited on Lieut. Bennett's part, brigade-quartermaster, commissary and aide- 
 de-camp on his personal staff. He performed all of his duties in an efficient and 
 satisfactory manner, and when he rendered his final accounts, preparatory to tak- 
 ing the field, they, were found correct to a cent. He had had no previous experience 
 in these capacities, hence the appointment and the outcome were decidedly cred- 
 itable to the young soldier, and indicated the estimate in which he was held by 
 the commanding officer. Gen. Hatch was then ordered to join McClellan (Ben- 
 nett remaining on his personal staff as aide-de-camp), which he did, but was 
 immediately afterward ordered to join Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, and his 
 command then participated in the disastrous retreat down the valley. He served 
 on Hatch's staff until that officer was succeeded by Gen. John Buford, and con- 
 tinued to serve on the staff of the latter. He was soon promoted to the rank of 
 captain, and later to major, when at his own request, he rejoined his regiment, 
 marched with it to Gettysburg, was attached to Kilpatrick's command, and partici- 
 pated in fifteen battles in sixteen days, in that memorable campaign. Subse- 
 quently he was in the battles of the Wilderness, where he was wounded, and with 
 Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, in all which he exhibited bravery, gallantry, 
 cool and calculating daring, and, above all, strategy in the way of accomplishing 
 what he was commissioned to, with the smallest possible loss of men and material. 
 He had been promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and was in command of his regiment 
 when, with five hundred men, he made the brilliant advance cavalry charge at Cedar 
 Creek, capturing forty-five rebel artillery pieces, the largest capture of artillery 
 by that number of men, in a single charge, of which history gives any account. 
 He won and received from his superiors much of the credit and many of the 
 honors attached to that decisive blow in the final engagement which resulted in 
 the checking of the rebel movements and the final overthrow of the cause in that 
 valley. It was thought by his friends that his brilliant and successful achieve- 
 ments there entitled him to a brigadiership. 
 
 In the latter part of 1864 he returned to Vermont and took command of the 
 Canada frontier, after the rebel raid, with headquarters at St. Albans; he was
 
 3O2 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 subsequently mustered out of service, leaving in history a record any one could 
 justly be proud of. He was in most of the great engagements of the eastern 
 army; was under fire over one hundred times. When mustered out he returned 
 to Brattleboro, Vermont, and resumed his law studies with Field and Tyler, one 
 of the ablest law firms in the state, the latter having been representative in con- 
 gress for two or three terms. After he had been examined and passed, he went 
 to the Albany Law School to get the general advantages that school affords, and 
 graduated in 1867, and came west in the fall of that year. After traveling for a 
 time he settled at Chicago, in practice, and has been there ever since, doing a 
 successful business. Having a thorough knowledge of law and its bearing upon 
 facts and conditions, he makes an able and reliable counselor; painstaking and 
 sedulous in forming an opinion in the case presented by his client. He is a man 
 of thorough integrity, entirely responsible as a lawyer, a man, or in a commercial 
 sense. He has been engaged in many important cases, and always to his credit. 
 
 In politics he is an active republican, and takes part in the more important 
 campaigns. His friends put his name forward for congressman and came very 
 near securing his nomination, and he has often been urged to allow the use of his 
 name for different positions, but has persistently declined, as his business requires 
 his entire time, though he has accepted positions of trust, which did not materially 
 interfere with it. He is a forcible and interesting public speaker, and his voice is 
 often heard when important issues arise. 
 
 In 1870 he married Harriet E. Frink, youngest daughter of the late John 
 Frink, well known in the West as the Vanderbilt of the stage business in the time 
 of stages. Mr. Bennett is one of Chicago's best citizens, and a gentleman of 
 many excellent qualities. 
 
 HENRY W. CLARKE. 
 
 HENRY W. CLARKE was born at Whitestown, Oneida county, New York, 
 March 15, 1815. His father, Dr. Henry Clarke, was a surgeon in the army, 
 during the war of 1812, and on retiring from the army settled in Otsego county, 
 New York, and practiced medicine and surgery. He was a skillful physician and 
 surgeon, and a warm-hearted, genial man, and died in 1853 at the age of sixty 
 years, having risen to considerable distinction in the medical profession. 
 
 Henry W. attended the academy at Bridgewater, New York, and in 1829 
 entered Oneida Institute, where he graduated in 1832. In May of the same year, 
 he began reading law in the office of George C. Clyde, at Burlington, New York, 
 and afterward, for two years was a student in the office of the distinguished Judge 
 Gridley, judge of the fifth circuit of New York, and was admitted to the bar of 
 the supreme court of New York, in July 1836. He began practice in Herkimer, 
 New York, as a partner of Judge Aaron W. Hackley, ex-member of congress, 
 which partnership continued until June, 1838, when Mr. Clarke removed to Chi- 
 cago, where he has been engaged in the practice of his profession to the present
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 303 
 
 time. He is a man of ability, and high standing in the community ; is genial and 
 social in his manners, and scholarly in his tastes. 
 
 Mr. Clarke was city attorney of Chicago for two terms. In politics he is a 
 republican, and has been for many years a member of the Methodist church. He 
 married, in 1839, Miss Harriet R. Crumb, daughter of Silas Crumb, of Otsego 
 county, New York, and has two children living: Frederick W. Clarke, a merchant 
 in Chicago, and a daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Underhill. 
 
 HERBERT B. JOHNSON. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Kendall, Orleans county, New York, 
 September 5, 1844, and is the son of Dr. Caleb C. Johnson, a well known 
 physician and surgeon of forty years' practice in western New York and Hills- 
 dale, Michigan, and a son of one of the pioneers of western New York. The 
 mother of Herbert B. was Julia, daughter of Capt. Henry W. Bates, also one of 
 the pioneers of western New York. Both parents were descended from New 
 England ancestry. 
 
 Herbert entered Genesee Seminary, at Lima, New York, at an early age, and 
 in 1867 graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York. He then spent 
 two years as principal of the Lowell, Michigan, union school. Later he pursued 
 a course of study at the Albany Law School, entering in 1869, and upon his grad- 
 uation therefrom, in June, 1870, removed to Chicago. In 1874 he received the 
 honorary degree of A.M. from Hillsdale College, Michigan. At the time of the 
 great fire, in 1871, Mr. Johnson was in partnership with the late Col. R. W. Ric- 
 aby, and suffered a considerable loss in that disaster. Since 1872 he has been in 
 the successful practice of his profession by himself. He has conducted many 
 important cases, involving interesting questions of law, and established a fine 
 reputation as a careful, able lawyer. Mr. Johnson is a man of sound, practical 
 judgment, well read in his profession, and discriminating in his practice. 
 
 ISAAC HARWOOD PEDRICK. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a son of Richard and Susanna B. Pedrick, and 
 was born January 10, 1845, at Richmond, Indiana. His ancestors were of 
 the Society of Friends or Quakers, for more than two hundred years, and of the 
 Puritan order. Soon after the restoration, they took proprietary grants, the 
 deeds of which Mr. Pedrick now has, for lands in New Jersey, then called Nova 
 Cesarea. They left London, England, and settled in 1672 on the left bank of the 
 Delaware, nearly opposite Wilmington, State of Delaware, where some of the 
 family are now living. Roger Pedrick or Peddrick, as the name was then 
 spelled, was a dissenter, whose views and estimates respecting the value of civil
 
 304 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and religious liberty, caused him and his family, as history states, to immigrate 
 to America. His house having been burned soon after its erection, he lived 
 opposite for a while, on the right bank of the Delaware River. While there he 
 was a member of the first grand jury assembled in Pennsylvania, and his daugh- 
 ter, Hannah (according to Smith's history of Delaware county), was the first child 
 born of English parents in that state. 
 
 Isaac H. Pedrick was educated at the University of Michigan, and was gradu- 
 ated in the year 1870. He then commenced the practice of law in Chicago, and 
 has remained here ever since. He was first led to take an interest in the study of 
 law as a profession, when he was eleven years old, through hearing a speech 
 delivered by Salmon P. Chase, at Richmond, Indiana, during the celebrated polit- 
 ical campaign of 1856. 
 
 In November, 1882, he entered into partnership with George E. Dawson, 
 under the present firm name of Pedrick and Dawson, their specialties being real 
 estate law and commercial law. In these branches both have attained much dis- 
 tinction and success, through faithful and close application to the trusts commit- 
 ted to their charge, and though a comparatively young firm, their prospects for 
 a long and successful career are most promising. In politics Mr. Pedrick is a 
 republican, but does not take any very active part beyond voting regularly with 
 his party. His religious proclivities are Congregational, but he is considered 
 very liberal in his views. In manner and speech he is somewhat retiring, and is 
 universally esteemed and appreciated by all who have the pleasure of his 
 acquaintance, for his many amiable and social qualities. 
 
 CHARLES S. CUTTING. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born at Highgate, Vermont, March i, 1854, 
 the son of Charles A. Cutting, a hotel keeper, and Laura E. (Averill) Cutting, 
 daughter of a member of the legislature in that state. When Charles was nine 
 years old, his parents removed to Maquoketa, Jackson county. Iowa, thence to 
 Sterling, Illinois, and from there to Hastings, Minnesota, where he attended high 
 school five years. He then removed to Salem, Oregon, and attended college at 
 Willamette until the junior year. Being then but seventeen years of age, he was 
 made assistant editor of the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, "Times," in which capacity he 
 acquired considerable celebrity as a writer. After continuing in this employment 
 a year and a half, he was elected principal of the Palatine public schools in Cook 
 county, Illinois, a position which he held six years. During this time and after- 
 ward, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1878. Immediately there- 
 after he began the practice of his profession in connection with R. S. Williamson, 
 continuing until the fall of 1880, when Judge Williamson was elected to the 
 bench of the superior court of Cook county, and he formed a partnership with 
 A. N. Tagert, his present partner,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 305 
 
 Mr. Cutting is a very thorough lawyer for a man of his years, and a gentle- 
 man who is liberal and sociable among his associates. Careful and accurate in 
 all of his business transactions, he is a safe counselor, and a confiding and true 
 friend. In political sentiments Mr. Cutting is a republican. He was married 
 June 27, 1876, to Miss Annie E. Lytle, and has by her one child. He resides in 
 Palatine, Illinois. 
 
 CHESTER KINNEY. 
 
 HESTER KINNEY was born July 15, 1827, in Onondaga county, New York. 
 His father, Ethel P. Kinney, a well known ship-builder in New York and 
 Canada, and his mother, Lavinia (Porter) Kinney, were well known citizens of 
 different portions of the state. Chester received a thorough education. He pur- 
 sued his preliminary and preparatory studies at Clinton Liberal Institute, Oneida 
 county, and Fally Seminary, Oswego county, and afterward entered Hamilton 
 College one year in advance, and graduated at the end of a three years' course, 
 when he was twenty-three years of age. After leaving college he taught school 
 for four years in Liverpool and Baldwinsville, small towns in central New York, 
 and at the same time studied law with Noxon, Leavenworth and Comstock, of 
 Syracuse, and was admitted to the bar of New York state January 2, 1854. Mr. 
 Kinney began the duties of his profession in Syracuse, and remained there three 
 years, at the end of which time, in 1857, he removed to Middleport, then a small 
 town in Iroquois county, Illinois, which is now known as Watseka. Here he prac- 
 ticed with success for eight years. In 1865 he moved to Chicago, and has since 
 been an active member of the Chicago bar. 
 
 March 26, 1857, Mr. Kinney married Miss Louisa L. Spencer, daughter of Col. 
 J. C. Spencer, and niece of Judge John C. Spencer, both well known citizens of 
 Syracuse. Mr. Kinney has given his entire attention to his profession, and enjoys 
 a good, profitable business, and is a well known member of the legal fraternity. 
 
 DANIEL C. NICHOLES. 
 
 DANIEL C. NICHOLES was born March 17, 1817, in Caldwell, Warren county, 
 New York, at the head of Lake George, and is a son of Daniel and Dianthe 
 (Hawley) Nicholas. After completing his preliminary studies he fitted for college 
 at Wyoming village, Wyoming county, New York, and afterward completed a full 
 classical course at Union College, Schenectady, and graduated with honors from 
 that institution. He studied law two years while in college, and continued the 
 same one year after graduating, and was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1847 
 at Ithaca, New York. Immediately thereafter he established himself in business 
 at that place, and there remained, meeting with good success, until July 3, 1848. 
 Having determined to settle in the West he closed his affairs, and removing to 
 32
 
 306 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Chicago, formed a partnership with his brother, Ira J. Nicholas, which was con- 
 tinued until 1854. During the succeeding two years he was associated in business 
 with John T. Wentworth, now a circuit judge on the bench in Wisconsin. From 
 1856 to 1861 he was connected with William McKinley, under the firm name of 
 Nicholes and McKinley, after which he was again associated with his brother 
 under the style of D. C. and I. J. Nicholes. This firm existed until 1857, when 
 Thomas Morrison was taken into the business. After the great fire of 1871 
 Mr. McKinley became again connected with the business, and the name of the 
 firm was changed to Nicholes, McKinley and Morrison, and so remained until 
 1875, when D. C. Nicholes withdrew and formed the partnership with his son, C. 
 W. Nicholes, which still exists. From 1857 to 1867 the attention of the firm 
 was devoted entirely to law practice, but during the remainder of the time 
 referred to the business has pertained especially to real-estate matters and to 
 loans. This firm was financially successful, and has been identified with the 
 growth and prosperity of Chicago. D. C. and I. J. Nicholes founded the town of 
 Englewood in 1852, and the prosperity, rapid growth and development of that 
 suburb is due largely to the liberality and enterprise and business sagacity of 
 these gentlemen. 
 
 Mr. D. C. Nicholes is a man of profound learning, sound practical judgment 
 and business sagacity, and well merits the reputation which, throughout his long, 
 active and eventful life, he has sustained for honorable, upright and conscientious 
 fair dealing. He is one of Chicago's honorable and honored business men, well 
 deserving that esteem and respect universally accorded him. 
 
 CHARLES W. NICHOLES. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is junior member of the law firm of D. C. and C. W. 
 Nicholes, combining the benefits derived from association in the extensive 
 business heretofore conducted by his father and the polish and culture afforded 
 by a thorough classical education, together with fine native endowments, a genial 
 temperament and a high sense of honor, he is at once a good lawyer, a conscien- 
 tious and successful business man, a high-minded gentleman and a generous, 
 whole-souled companion. He is the son of Daniel C. Nicholes, and was born in 
 Chicago, December 17, 1853. 
 
 After passing the public schools of Chicago he prepared for and entered the 
 University of Chicago, and graduated from that institution with the class of 1875. 
 In college he not only maintained a high standard of scholarship, but among his 
 classmates and college companions was known for his genial, jovial disposition, 
 his courteous, amiable manners, and general good-fellowship, as an evidence of 
 which it need but be stated that he was honored by an election to the Psi Upsilon 
 Fraternity. Having early determined to enter the legal profession, he pursued a 
 course of study in the Union College of Law, at Chicago, being at the same time
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 307 
 
 associated with his father in business, and after graduating in June, 1877, passed 
 a rigid examination before the supreme court at Ottawa, Illinois, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar of the state. 
 
 Although well read in the various branches of the law Mr. Nicholes, since 
 engaging in practice, has devoted his principal attention to real-estate matters 
 and loans. He is a young man of careful and close business habits, and in what- 
 ever he engages is characterized by fairness, frankness and unswerving integrity, 
 and with his liberal culture, temperate habits and practical views, together with 
 an ability to apply himself to hard work, cannot but realize his most cherished 
 expectations. 
 
 LEVI M. COMSTOCK. 
 
 EIVI M. COMSTOCK was born February i, 1832, in Mayville, Chautauqua 
 county, New York, and is the son of Jedediah and Harriet (Miller) Corn- 
 stock. He was left an orphan at the tender age of two years. He received his 
 early education in the common schools of Chautauqua, but when sixteen years of 
 age went to the town of Troy, Ohio, and worked as a cabinet maker and^carpenter, 
 and thus obtained means with which he paid his way at the select schools, Free- 
 dom and Benton academies, where he prosecuted his studies about four years. 
 In 1851 he borrowed books of William O. Forrest, and commenced the study 
 of the law, and during the same year became a law student in the office of 
 Hon. Ceberry Ford, at Burton, Ohio. In the fall of 1852 he went to Allegan, 
 Michigan, where, seven years later, in 1859, he was admitted to the bar. Thence 
 he went to Ottawa county, Michigan, and practiced law three years, after which 
 he went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and practiced law until the spring of 1882, 
 when he moved to Chicago, and on June 15, following, was licensed by the 
 Illinois supreme court to practice in all of the courts of the state. Mr. Comstock 
 is the author of a work on mechanic's liens, published in Milwaukee in 1878; he 
 is now (1883) engaged on a work on the same subject, designed to be a complete 
 work on the laws and practice in the United States, and to contain a complete 
 digest of the American law on the subject. Mr. Comstock is a clear and concise 
 writer, and possesses a happy faculty of citing cases, peculiarly and forcibly to 
 his subject. He is also something of a journalist, and has been a correspondent 
 for some of the leading journals. He has seldom given his attention to politics, 
 and has always refused to allow his name to be used in that connection with a 
 single exception. In the year 1862 he was prevailed upon to accept the office of 
 school inspector at Allegan, Michigan, and held that position one term, giving 
 universal satisfaction. He is very liberal in his religious views, and is inclined to 
 the Episcopal forms and service. 
 
 He was married in June 1853, to Miss Lydia G. Miller and has by her five 
 children, three of whom are living. His son, Clayton E., now twenty-three 
 years of age, was educated in Michigan, and learned the printer's trade. He
 
 308 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 went to the Rocky mountains in 1880 and formed the acquaintance of and mar- 
 ried a beautiful young lady, an heiress, who was born and raised in the Rocky 
 mountains, and the one thing remarkable about the matter is she has not yet ven- 
 tured to leave her mountain home. Mr. Comstock's daughter married William 
 H. Willard, who, together with his son Clayton and wife, own a joint one-third 
 interest in the celebrated Willard-Burgess-Comstock group of five mines near 
 Breckinridge, Colorado, said to be among the richest mines in that state. His 
 son, G. O. Comstock, sixteen years of age, attended school at Grand Haven, Michi- 
 gan, eight years, and has since graduated from the Spencerian Business College 
 of Milwaukee, and is now acting as clerk in the office of his father in Chicago. 
 
 D. HARRY HAMMER. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a native of Springfield, Illinois, and was 
 born December 23, 1840; the son of John Hammer and Eliza (Witner) 
 Hammer. His parents settled at Springfield in 1837, the father having formerly 
 been a merchant and manufacturer at Hagerstown, Maryland. The mother was 
 a native of Maryland, and a daughter of John Witmer, a soldier of the war of 
 1812. In 1842, when Harry was about two years old, his family removed to Ogle 
 county, and there he passed his boyhood and youth in attending the district 
 schools, and in the ordinary routine of a farmer boy's life, and also during this 
 period of his life learned the harness and saddlery trade, and during several win- 
 ters employed his time in teaching. Possessed of a native taste for study and 
 literary culture, he made the best use of his time, and at the age of seventeen 
 began a course of study in the Rock River Seminary, at Mount Morris, Illinois. 
 After graduating from that institution, having determined to devote himself to 
 the legal profession, he pursued a course of study in the law department of Mich- 
 igan University, graduating in the class of 1865. He afterward spent some time 
 traveling through the several western and northern states, and finally established 
 himself for the practice of his profession at St. Louis, Missouri. Owing, however, 
 to the unsettled state of affairs after the close of the war, he met with little success, 
 and conseqently abandoned the law and began work at his trade. He continued 
 thus employed until the following year, when he was compelled to leave St. Louis 
 by reason of the cholera epidemic. 
 
 About this time Mr. Hammer formed the acquaintance of Benj. F. Taylor, of 
 the Chicago " Evening Journal," who was lecturing through the West, and- fol- 
 lowing his advice, removed to Chicago and resumed his profession. The move 
 was a most happy one, and marked the turning point in his life. Entering with 
 all the vigor of his young manhood into the work of his profession, with a deter- 
 mined purpose to succeed, he soon made for himself a name at the Chicago bar, 
 and built up an extensive and lucrative practice. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. Hammer was appointed, by Gov. Shelby M. Cullom, one of the
 
 H.C.CoQperJr t CD. 
 
 E.PI; by F. WiJIum-j tBro NY
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. "MI 
 
 *J 
 
 justices of the peace for the city of Chicago, for a term of four years, and in 
 1883 he was reappointed by Gov. John M. Hamilton for another term. The office 
 is one to which he is well adapted, both by his judicial mind and his practical 
 knowledge of the law, and to these, together with his great popularity, may be 
 attributed his almost unparalleled success, he having, since his appointment, dis- 
 posed of about four thousand cases each year. Aside from his professional 
 duties, Mr. Hammer has always kept himself well posted on matters of public 
 interest, and besides being an able and successful lawyer, has always been known 
 as an enterprising and public spirited man. 
 
 He is a gentleman of cultivated tastes and fine literary attainments, and takes 
 an active part in all movements tending to advance the interests of art and lite- 
 rary culture in the community where he resides. His private library, comprising 
 some five thousand volumes, is one of the finest and most select collections of 
 books in the city of Chicago. 
 
 In political sentiment Mr. Hammer is and always has been a republican. He 
 is married to Emma L. Carpenter, of Athens, Ohio, and has two daughters, 
 Maude, aged sixteen years, and Hazel Harry, born July 4, 1881. Although he 
 has scarcely reached the meridian of life, Mr. Hammer has accumulated an ample 
 fortune, and lives in the enjoyment of all the comforts of a happy and cheerful 
 home. Domestic in his habits, and social in his tastes, he is a most genial com- 
 panion, and in nothing takes more delight than in dispensing to his many friends^ 
 a generous hospitality. 
 
 Mr. Hammer is an active member of Chevalier Bayard Commandery of Knights 
 Templar, and other societies. He is also a member of the Calumet and Union 
 League Clubs, of Chicago. 
 
 SAMUEL A. FRENCH. 
 
 SAMUEL A. FRENCH was born in Steuben county, New York, April 8, 1832, 
 and is a son of Joshua French, one of a family of considerable prominence in 
 the state of New York. He first attended school in the public school of his 
 native county, and his father having moved to Illinois in 1844, he two years later 
 entered the high school at Jackson, Michigan. In 1847 he left school, and began 
 clerking for M. P. Potter of Algonquin, McHenry county, Illinois, where he 
 remained until 1854, when he went into business for himself with Luther Kim- 
 ball, opening a general store at Algonquin. He remained in business there until 
 1867, when he removed to Elgin, Illinois, and engaged extensively in business, 
 his operations extending to the states of Iowa and Michigan. In 1871 he sold out 
 his entire business and removed to Chicago. In Chicago, Mr. French entered into 
 the wholesale paint and oil business with Thomas Todd, under style of French 
 and Todd. In 1875 he retired from business and began the study of law with 
 Rogers and Appleton, and was admitted to the bar in 1878, and began practice at
 
 312 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 once, as a member of the firm of Decker and French. This firm dissolved July i, 
 1881. Since then he has been alone. Although comparatively brief, his profes- 
 sional career has been reasonably successful, and he has evidenced good legal 
 talent, and an ability to take a prominent position among his professional breth- 
 ren. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, having organized 
 several very prominent lodges in this state, and organized and was for two years 
 commander of Bethel Commandery, No. 36, Knights Templar. He also, in 1861, 
 enlisted and equipped, at his own expense, a company of the i5th 111. Inf. for the 
 war, but was prevented by press of business from accompanying them. 
 
 MILTON R. FRESHWATERS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Brooke county, Virginia, in 1844. His 
 father, George Freshwaters, was a member of one of the oldest families in 
 that part of the state, the family having settled there early in the eighteenth cen- 
 tury. Having received his primary education at Allegheny College, at Meadville, 
 Pennsylvania, and at Hopedale Seminary in Ohio, Milton entered Bethany Col- 
 lege, in the junior class, in 1864, and graduated in 1866. He at once began the 
 study of law in the office of Joseph Pendleton, at Wheeling, West Virginia, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1869. He began practice in Wheeling, forming a part- 
 nership with Nathaniel Richardson, a prominent criminal lawyer, which partner- 
 ship was six months later dissolved, on account of the election of Mr. Freshwaters 
 to the office of state's attorney, of Brooke county, which office he held for two 
 years. He was also elected county superintendent of education. In 1872 he 
 removed to Chicago and opened an office, and eschewing politics, has devoted 
 himself entirely to his profession. 
 
 WILL H. MOORE. 
 
 WILL H. MOORE, one of the active younger members of the Chicago bar, 
 was born at Buena Vista, Ohio, November 28, 1850. His parents were 
 Charles W. and Sallie Moore. His mother was the daughter of Jacob Traber and 
 the sister of a notable family of brothers, five of whom are merchants, two prac- 
 ticing attorneys, and one a circuit judge in Ohio. From this branch of his 
 ancestry Mr. Moore inherited his personal characteristics, the most prominent of 
 which are, energy, quick perception, a tendency to the practical and business 
 ability as distinguished from the scholar or philosophical thinker. 
 
 His first six years were spent in tin Ohio village, and the next ten on a fron- 
 tier farm in western Illinois, near excellent schools, which he attended during 
 the^winter months, and so availed himself of such advantage that his seventeenth 
 and eighteenth years were spent in teaching, mostly in charge of a department
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CfffCAGO. 313 
 
 of the Keithsburg, Illinois, schools, he having been granted one of the only seven 
 first-grade teachers' diplomas issued in that populous and intelligent county. 
 
 He then began a college course of study, but by reason of financial inability 
 was compelled to forego a full classical education and graduating honors. Dur- 
 ing the two years after leaving school, spent in a Davenport, Iowa, store as 
 bookkeeper and in the county recorder's office, he strove to quiet his strong 
 desire to enter the legal profession, but read elementary legal works and became 
 familiar with laws of conveyancing. His judgment and plans tended toward a 
 business career, and his idea was that as a lawyer any business talent he might 
 have or develop would be lost. But with experience and observation his ideas 
 radically changed and he idealized a lawyer, who by natural disposition and 
 actual experience, with study, should combine legal learning and business 
 ability; a lawyer competent to advise, not only as to the law, but as to policy and 
 business advantage; not only to win a case in court, but in negotiation, investi- 
 gation and honorable strategy, an expert. He became also a believer in " special- 
 ist " lawyers, who, while being generally intelligent in legal learning, might be 
 thorough masters of some special branch thereof. Deciding finally, at the age of 
 twenty-one, to try and attain, in some degree, his ideal and to specially devote 
 himself to a thorough study of the law of realty, and qualify himself as an 
 expert adviser in all that pertains to real estate, he removed to Chicago without 
 money or acquaintances, and set about the prosecution of his plans. He at once 
 entered the office of an extensive and prosperous dealer in real estate, where, 
 during three years while continuing his studies, he enjoyed the business experi- 
 ence and contact his plans required, and proved an adroit and successful mana- 
 ger of his employer's and others' large interests. He then entered the law 
 office of Fuller and Smith, and for three years received the benefit of their 
 counsel, and a limited participation in their large practice, since which time 
 alone, year by year, Mr. Moore has not only more nearly realized his ideal as a 
 lawyer, but has had his labors liberally rewarded by an extensive clientage. 
 
 He is not a litigious lawyer and takes few of his clients into court, and can- 
 not be classed as a proficient trial lawyer or technical pleader, but as a negotia- 
 tor of settlements of complicated issues, his activity, alertness and knowledge of 
 human nature have enabled him to become an adept. As a counselor, his advice 
 is practical and generally covers the case both as to the law and policy. 
 
 His principal study, advice and practice pertain to real estate titles and pro- 
 ceedings in regard thereto, and also in the values of Chicago real estate, present 
 and future, he is unusually well posted. 
 
 He sinks professional pride before business success and his clients' welfare, 
 and often openly employs for his clients other attorneys, expert in the special 
 line required. He is an ardent and consistent advocate of professional courtesy, 
 especially in the trial of a cause. In national politics he is a republican, but on 
 local issues votes for men instead of party. He takes no active part in politics 
 except always to vote. He was married in 1875 to Miss Fannie Curtis, of Chi-
 
 314 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 cago, and his delightful home life seems to be the height of his social ambition. 
 He has a taste for rural life and spends his non professional hours in his attrac- 
 tive and semi-rural home on the Grand Boulevard, and his vacations on his cattle 
 farm in southwestern Nebraska. 
 
 RICHARD WATERMAN. 
 
 ICHARD WATERMAN was born in Providence, Rhode Island, January 20, 
 _L\. 1841. His father's name is Rufus Waterman; his mother was Elizabeth 
 B. (Greene) Waterman, now deceased. She was a descendant of the distinguished 
 Greene family of Potowhomut Manor, in Warwick, Rhode Island. This estate 
 was bought from the Indians in 1736 by James Greene, who came to this country 
 with Roger Williams, and was the ancestor, on the mother's side, of the subject of 
 this sketch. Between 17^0 and 1770 he built the homestead on the property, 
 which still stands, and is occupied by the family. Gen. Nathaniel Greene, of rev- 
 olutionary fame, was the great-uncle of Richard Waterman, and Col. Christopher 
 Greene, also of the revolution, was his grandfather. His great-grandfather mar- 
 ried a niece of Benjamin Franklin. His ancestor, Col. Richard Waterman, on 
 his father's side, was also one of the Roger Williams colony. The old homestead 
 of the Waterman family, which originally adjoined the burying ground, on the 
 site of which the family monument now stands, in the heart of the city of Provi- 
 dence, on the corner of Waterman and Benefit streets, is still standing. It will 
 be seen that Richard was descended on both sides, from old and notable New 
 England families. 
 
 He was educated in New England ; in 1853-4 was a student in Phillips Acad- 
 emy at Andover, Massachusetts, and in 1855-8 was in Lyon Brothers' school in 
 Providence. In the fall of 1858 he entered Williams College, remained one year, 
 and in the fall of 1859 entered Brown University, where he remained until April 
 1 6, 1 86 1, when the war broke out, and Gov. William Sprague, having tendered 
 the government one thousand infantry and a company of artillery for immediate 
 service, called for volunteers. Mr. Waterman was among the first to enlist as a 
 private in the ist R. I. Inf., under Col. (later Maj.-Gen.) Ambrose E. Burnside. 
 A full regiment was enlisted in forty -eight hours, equipped and started for Wash- 
 ington within a week's time. Having enlisted for three months only, the time 
 expired just before the first Bull Run battle, but the regiment remained in the 
 service, and participated in that battle, and did good fighting. In September, 
 following, he again offered his services to the government, and was appointed first 
 lieutenant in the ist New England Cavalry, and detailed in the recruiting ser- 
 vice. The regiment was soon filled up, changed to ist R. I. Cavalry, mustered in 
 December 14, 1861, commanded by Col. R. B. Lawton, and the following year by 
 Col. A. N. Duffie, and served as independent cavalry in the Pope campaign in 
 1862, aiding in covering the retreat of our army at the second Bull Run fight.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. -MS 
 
 \J J 
 
 His regiment took a prominent part at Cedar Mountain, Groveton and Chantilly. 
 On December 5, following, he resigned on account of a long and severe attack of 
 typhoid fever, and left the service. 
 
 In May, 1863, he went to California, and engaged in farming to recruit his 
 health; remained there until the fall of 1864, when he returned home; he entered 
 the Harvard Law School in the spring of 1865, from which he graduated in 1867, 
 and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in Boston; was subsequently employed for 
 eighteen months in the law office of Brooks and Ball, prominent lawyers in Bos- 
 ton. In the fall of 1868 he moved to Chicago, and spent six months in the law 
 office of J. L. Stark, when he was admitted to the Illinois bar, and commenced 
 practice. In April, 1870, he formed a partnership with Henry I. Sheldon, under 
 the firm name of Sheldon and Waterman. This firm was dissolved December i, 
 1877, since which time Mr. Waterman has been alone in practice. He is a general 
 practitioner, but gives much attention to real estate business. He is regarded as 
 a faithful and reliable attorney, and a conscientious, upright man. June 21, 1865, 
 he married Virginia P. Rhodes, of Providence, Rhode Island. Of the three chil- 
 dren that have been born to them, two are living. 
 
 GEORGE A. HAWLEY. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Rochester, New York, in 1848. His 
 father, Capt. Charles E. Hawley, was proprietor of canal boats on the Erie 
 canal. When George was about a year old, his father moved with his family to 
 Michigan, and engaged in farming. There the boy lived and worked on the 
 farm until 1864, when he enlisted as a private in the ist Mich. Cavalry. He parti- 
 cipated with his regiment at the battle of Five Forks, and wherever the regiment 
 was engaged, up to the surrender of Richmond, when it, with the Michigan cav- 
 alry brigade, was sent to the plains to fight the Sioux Indians. In November 
 following, the regiment reached Salt Lake City, where it remained in quarters 
 until March, 1866, and was there mustered out. He then went to California for 
 pleasure and recreation, and returned in the summer of the same year to Michi- 
 gan. Having saved some money during the service, he determined to obtain an 
 education and prepare himself for the profession of law. To this end he attended 
 school in Ionia, Michigan, for two years, supporting himself by doing whatever 
 his hands found to do. In the fall of 1868 he went to Ann Arbor and prepared 
 for college, and thence into the country and engaged in teaching school, until the 
 spring of 1870, when he commenced the study of law with Mitchell and Marble, 
 in Ionia. The winter following he went to Detroit, and entered the law office 
 of Dickinson and Dickinson. Finishing his studies in May, 1873, he was admitted 
 to the bar by the supreme court of Michigan, and in June following removed to 
 Chicago, and took a position as clerk with the then law firm of Tenney, Flower 
 and Abercrombie. In the spring of 1875 he became a member of the firm, and 
 33
 
 316 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 remained such until January, 1878, when he formed a partnership with Mr. Aber- 
 crombie. A few months later he went to Gunnison City, Colorado, where he 
 spent two years engaged in mining. In 1882 he returned to Chicago, and resumed 
 the practice of his profession. His practice has been mainly in commercial law, 
 which is his specialty. He is a self-made young man, and exceptionally success- 
 ful as a commercial lawyer. He stands well at the bar, and commands the respect 
 of his professional brethren as an honorable and reliable attorney. 
 
 LORIN C. COLLINS, JR. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a son of Rev. L. C. Collins, a Methodist 
 minister who was one of the first men who withdrew from connection with 
 the Methodist Episcopal church on account of disbelief in the doctrine of eternal 
 punishment. Lorin C. was born in Wapping, Connecticut, August i, 1848. His 
 father moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1852, and was at the time of his with- 
 drawal from the church a member of the Minnesota conference. The son pursued 
 a preparatory course of study at the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, 
 after which, in 1868, he entered the Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois, 
 and graduaded in 1872. He began the study of law in the office of Clarkson and 
 Van Schaack, of Chicago, and was admitted to practice in September, 1874. 
 
 Mr. Collins is a prominent member of the republican party and a rising young 
 man. Beginning with 1878, he has for three successive terms been elected to 
 represent the seventh district in the general assembly of Illinois, and is at the 
 present time (1883) speaker of that body, being the youngest man who has ever 
 held that position in the state, an honor which is all the more complimentary 
 since it was conferred without any bartering on his part. 
 
 As an attorney he is well and favorably known, while as a member of the 
 legislature he has made his influence felt as an effective speaker, a ready debater, 
 a skilled parliamentarian and a shrewd party leader. 
 
 HENRY WALLER. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch, Henry Waller, was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, 
 November 9, 1810. His father was Hon. William S. Waller, who was 
 cashier of the Bank of Kentucky for forty-four years. Young Waller was edu- 
 cated at the private academies in Frankfort, and at the celebrated school of 
 Dr. Louis Marshall, in Woodford county; thence, in 1829, he went to West 
 Point, from which institution he graduated in 1833. He then commenced the 
 study of law in Kentucky, and went through the law department of Transyl- 
 vania University at Lexington, Kentucky. He was admitted to the bar and com- 
 menced the practice of his profession in Maysville, Kentucky, in 1835. He
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 317 
 
 remained there until 1855. In 1845 he was elected a member of the legislature, 
 where he served until 1847. From 1851 to 1854 he was president of the Maysville 
 and Lexington Railroad Company. He removed to Chicago in 1855 and com- 
 menced the practice of the law, and has remained there ever since. In that year 
 was formed the copartnership of Waller, Caulfield and Bradley, which continued 
 a few years until the retirement of Mr. Bradley. The firm of Waller and Caulfield 
 was continued until 1863. In 1864 the firm of Waller, Stearns and Copeland was 
 formed, from which the junior member shortly retired, and the firm of Waller and 
 Stearns was continued until 1867, when Mr. Stearns died, and Mr. Waller contin- 
 ued the practice of the law alone. In July 1876, he was appointed master in 
 chancery by Judges Williams, Farwell, Rogers, Booth and McAllister, which office 
 he still holds. His wide and long experience at the bar peculiarly fits him for the 
 position of master in chancery. His decisions are marked by unusual wisdom and 
 clearness and knowledge of the law, and are respected by bench and bar. 
 
 GEORGE C. CAMPBELL. 
 
 WHILE many lawyers have gained distinction by giving attention to a spe- 
 cialty, the subject of this sketch has attained very high rank at the Chicago 
 bar by thoroughly mastering all of the details in every branch of the profession. 
 He is a student in the most comprehensive sense of the term; industrious and 
 persevering, he has accomplished herculean tasks, subjecting himself to mental 
 strains that have once or twice seriously threatened his health. He is frank, gen- 
 erous, honest and open hearted; his manner is such that he gains one's confidence 
 at once, and always retains it. He sees clearly and quickly, and grasps his subject 
 comprehensively, having an analytic logical mind and a well balanced judgment, 
 and is always cool, calm and courageous. He is a formidable opponent, yet he 
 harbors no animosity, bitterness or revenge. He has a good command of lan- 
 guage, and always presents a case clearly, pointedly and comprehensively, making 
 every point that the case contains. Although Mr. Campbell is without guile, he is 
 a shrewd manager in a law suit; his foresight is remarkable, and he seldom fails 
 in a cause to which he has given his deliberate attention. He is equally at home 
 either in the preparation of cases for trial, the trial of causes, or as a special 
 pleader. His long association with his senior partner, the able jurist and lawyer, 
 Judge Lawrence, has had its influence in ripening him into the mature lawyer 
 that we find him. 
 
 George Cook Campbell was born at Ira, Cayuga county, New York, May 3, 
 1833, and is the son of Charles Campbell, who was the fifth in descent from 
 Robert and Janet Campbell, who were members of a Scotch colony that settled 
 the town of Voluntown, Connecticut, in the year 1723. His mother before mar- 
 riage was Miss Eliza Cook, sister of Hon. B. C. Cook, of Chicago. She was a lin- 
 eal descendant from Henry Cook, who immigrated to this country from England
 
 318 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 about the year 1600, and settled at Salem. He was a brother of Francis Cook, 
 one of the Mayflower pilgrims. His father moved to Ottawa, La Salle county, 
 Illinois, in 1835, and was a merchant in that place for years. In 1839 he returned 
 to Cayuga county, took up his residence at Aurora, and continued to reside 
 there until his death in 1869. Our subject prepared for college at the Cayuga 
 Academy in Aurora, and in the fall of 1849 entered the sophomore class of Ham- 
 ilton College, at Clinton, Oneida county, New York, and was graduated in July 
 1852, at the age of nineteen. In order to support himself while he pursued the 
 study of the law he became professor of mathematics in Ithaca Academy, at Ithaca. 
 Tompkins county, New York. His health becoming somewhat impaired by in- 
 door life, in the summer of 1854 he entered the employ of the state of New 
 York, as a member of the corps of civil engineers, on the Erie canal enlargement, 
 and was stationed at Rochester, New York. In the spring of 1856 he was 
 appointed first assistant engineer under Ely S. Parker, who was state resident 
 engineer at Rochester, and who was appointed chief engineer of the Chesapeake, 
 Albemarle, and Currituck ship canal, and accompanied the engineering corps to 
 Norfolk, Virginia, and was employed upon that work until the spring of 1857, when 
 he resigned and went to Ottawa, Illinois, where he commenced the study of the 
 law. In 1859 he was admitted to practice in the supreme court of the state of 
 Illinois, and in 1861 became a member of the firm of Glover, Cook and Campbell, 
 and practiced law as a member of that firm at Ottawa, Illinois, until the spring of 
 1869, when he was appointed general solicitor of the Chicago, Rock Island and 
 Pacific Railroad Company, and removed to Chicago, where he has resided since 
 that time. In October, 1872, he resigned the office of general solicitor of the rail- 
 road company, and since that time has been engaged in the general practice of 
 his profession in Chicago. In 1869 he was admitted to practice in the Supreme 
 Court of the United States. He became a member of the firm of Winston, Camp- 
 bell and Lawrence. In 1874 Hon. C. B. Lawrence who had just retired from the 
 bench of the supreme court of the state, became the senior member of the firm, 
 and soon after Mr. Winston withdrew, and the firm name became Lawrence, 
 Campbell and Lawrence. 
 
 He was appointed special United States attorney for the prosecution of what 
 was known as the custom-house case, and tried that case in the federal courts 
 with marked ability. The firm of Lawrence, Campbell and Lawrence have been 
 engaged in many important cases, and for the last two years have been largely 
 occupied in the somewhat notable litigation in regard to the Chicago and Western 
 Indiana railroad, and were also employed in the extensive Riverside litigation, 
 and the litigation between the city of Chicago and David A. Gage and his sure- 
 ties, also in the case of the United States vs. Jacob Rehm. Their practice is 
 largely made up of railroad, real estate and corporation cases. This firm has no 
 superior in point of talent, and for integrity it is especially noted. 
 
 Mr. Campbell was married July 9, 1862, to Julia Hart Glover, only daughter 
 of Hon. J. O. Glover and Jeanette Hart, his wife, at Ottawa, La Salle county,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 319 
 
 Illinois. Mr. Glover now resides in Chicago, and a sketch of his life may be 
 found in the foregoing pages. They have two daughters, Gertrude Eliza, and 
 Jeanette Hart. 
 
 Mrs. Campbell, who is still living, is a lineal descendant, on the paternal side, 
 from Charles Glover of Salem, who emigrated to America about the year 1600, and 
 upon the maternal side descended from Deacon Stephen Hart, who immigrated 
 from England to Newtown (now Cambridge, Massachusetts), about the year 1600, 
 and afterward removed with Rev. Thomas 'Hooker's church to the Connecticut 
 valley, where the town was named after him Hartsford, now Hartford. 
 
 ROBERT EDWIN JENKINS. 
 
 WHILE the United States bankruptcy law was in force, the practice under 
 that law was a profession by itself. Of the lawyers whose practice was 
 largely in the United States bankruptcy court, the subject of this sketch was, by 
 far, the most prominent, nearly one-third of the cases before that court having 
 been placed in his hands. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is one of the younger members of the Chicago bar, 
 having been born in Clark county, Missouri, February 6, 1846. His mother hav- 
 ing died when her son was but eight months old, he was sent to Fairfield, Iowa, 
 where he spent his early boyhood under the care of his aunt. Here he attended 
 the common school until he was twelve years old, when he went back to Missouri 
 to his father's home. 
 
 His life on his father's farm was that of a farmer's boy, doing the rugged farm 
 work in the summer, and attending school in the winter; the life that has built 
 up so many robust professional and business men, for physique must back brains 
 in order to insure the best success in life. 
 
 At the age of nineteen young Jenkins entered the Jacksonville, Illinois, Col- 
 lege, intending to take the full course, but circumstances compelling him to 
 change his plans, he removed to Chicago and entered what is now known as the 
 Union College of Law; took the full course and graduated with the class of 1867, 
 and was soon after admitted to the bar by the supreme court of the state. 
 
 After graduation, he entered the law office of Haines and Story, where he 
 remained for about a year, when he accepted a position in the office of Lincoln 
 Clark, register of bankruptcy. The unequaled opportunities here afforded to 
 master the intricacies of the law were not neglected by young Jenkins He is 
 one of those men who enter the door of opportunity when it swings on its hinges, 
 and that is success. After a year spent in the register's office he opened an office 
 for himself; in slang, legal phrase, hung out his own shingle, for the general 
 practice of the law, but with the intention of giving his special attention to the 
 bankruptcy cases. That he had mastered this branch of the profession was soon 
 made evident, for contrary to the usual experience of young lawyers, his rooms
 
 32O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 were soon thronged with clients, it having become generally known that his 
 knowledge of the ins and outs of the law was more reliable, his judgment surer 
 than, and his fidelity to his client's interest at least as great as, that of any of his 
 brethren giving attention to the same branch of the law. As before said, nearly 
 one-third of the cases before the bankruptcy court were entrusted by the clients 
 to this one man, and when it is remembered that the great fire, and the panic 
 which swiftly followed, gave Chicago a large share of these cases, some idea of 
 the enormous business done by Mr. Jenkins during these years may be gained. 
 So great was this business, indeed, that although the law was repealed in 1878, 
 Mr. Jenkins is even now engaged in settling some of the cases which came in 
 with such a wild rush during the last hours of its existence. 
 
 It is pleasant to be able to say that while millions of dollars passed through 
 Mr. Jenkins' hands, no one, of a class quick enough to see injustice, ever accused 
 him of unfair dealing, and that no lawyer at the bar more thoroughly enjoys the 
 esteem of his professional brethren or of the public at large. Mr. Jenkins was 
 never a specialist, in a narrow sense, and after the repeal of the bankrupt law, as 
 soon as he could get in a measure released from the crush of business which the 
 culmination of the law gave him, he gave his attention to the care and manage- 
 ment of real estate and the general practice of the law, and his well-earned repu- 
 tation in the earlier field has brought deserved success to him in the new line of 
 practice. 
 
 It is not often that a man finds himself, at the age of thirty-five, in a com- 
 manding position in the world by his own unaided efforts, and when this has 
 been achieved in a hand-to-hand struggle before the bar, it is success indeed. 
 Such has been Mr. Jenkins' achievement. 
 
 HENRY T. STEELE. 
 
 HENRY THORNTON STEELE was born in East Bloomfield, Ontario 
 county, New York, July 8, 1821. His father, Rev. Julius Steele, a Presby- 
 terian clergymen, graduated at Yale College in 1811, and settled in East Bloom- 
 field in 1814, and was directly descended from one of the oldest Puritan families, 
 being the sixth generation from John Steele, who came from the county of Essex, 
 England, in 1631, to Cambridge, then Newtown, Massachusetts. John Steele was 
 also one of the first company that went from Newton with Hooker in 1635, and 
 settled Hartford, Connecticut, was a leader and magistrate, and was for nearly 
 twenty years recorder of Hartford. 
 
 The subject of this sketch in early life worked on his father's farm, and 
 received much of his primary and preparatory education from his father who 
 tutored him in his classical studies principally; later he attended the Geneva 
 Lyceum, New York, and entered the branch of the University of Michigan, located 
 at White Pigeon, whither his father had moved in 1838, where he studied until 1841.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 321 
 
 During the winter of 1838-9 Mr. Steele taught a district school, and after leaving 
 college in 1841, taught for one year the languages and higher mathematics at La- 
 Grange Collegiate Institute, near Lima, Indiana. In 1842 he entered Yale Col- 
 lege, and graduated there in 1846, and from that time until 1848 was preceptor 
 in the union school at New London, Connecticut, and then for two years in Bacon 
 Academy, at Colchester, Connecticut. 
 
 In 1849 he returned to Michigan; was admitted to the bar at Jackson, July 4, 
 of that year, and began practice at Constantine, Michigan, where he remained until 
 1856, when he removed to Chicago. After settling in Chicago, Mr. Steele was asso- 
 ciated in practice with A. D. Rich, under the name and style of Rich and Steele, 
 which connection lasted two years; he afterward formed a partnership which 
 lasted three years, with W. A. Porter, who later was on the bench of the supreme 
 court, and died in 1873. Mr. Steele then practiced alone until 1878, when he 
 formed, with J. B. Jones, the present firm of Steele and Jones. He has a large 
 general civil practice, has made a specialty of chancery practice, and has been very 
 successful. He was a member of the board of education of Chicago from 1860 
 to 1866, and has been master in chancery of the superior court since January 1873. 
 
 Mr. Steele is a republican, but takes no active part in politics, but devotes 
 himself entirely to his profession. 
 
 He was married November 5, 1851, to Miss Rebecca Knox, of Carlisle, Penn- 
 sylvania, and has five children: four sons, three of whom are married, and one 
 daughter. 
 
 PLINY U. HASKELL. 
 
 PLINY U. HASKELL was born on a farm in North Bloomfield, Trumbull 
 county, Ohio, August 1845. He attended the district schools of his neigh- 
 borhood, and after completing his preliminary studies, entered the Western 
 Reserve College in 1866, where he remained during the freshman and sophomore 
 years, when he accepted the principalship of the high school in his native town, 
 which he taught one year. He then entered the junior class of Amherst (Mass.) Col- 
 lege, and graduated in 1871 with high standing in scholarship. After graduating 
 he was immediately appointed superintendent of schools of the village of Hyde 
 Park, Chicago's largest suburb, in which capacity he served that intelligent peo- 
 ple and their excellent schools until 1876, during which time he fitted several 
 students for college in the classics, and in general preparation. He then resigned 
 and engaged in the study of law, first in the office of Ayers and Kales, and 
 subsequently with Leonard Swett, in the meantime pursuing a course in the 
 Chicago Union College of Law, where he took his degree. He was admitted to 
 the bar in November, 1877, and became associated with Leonard Swett, and has 
 been with him since, for the past two years as partner. While yet young in 
 years, and in practice, he has evidenced marked ability as a thorough and close 
 student of law, having prepared several elaborate briefs in important cases, some
 
 322 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 of them of national repute ; notably the Charter Oak Life Insurance Company 
 case, in defense of Furber and others criminally indicted ; the Sidney Meyers and 
 other cases well known in the court annals. He is a gentleman of scholarly 
 attainments ; a member, since its organization, of the Chicago Literary Club, and 
 keeps bright his literary pursuits, while he devotes himself assiduously to his 
 profession. 
 
 In 1880 he married Clara A. Stolp, daughter of J. S. Stolp, of Aurora, widely 
 known as a manufacturer, and an enterprising business man. He is a brother-in- 
 law of Rev. Dr. Sidney H. Marsh, founder of the Pacific University of Oregon, 
 and late president of that institution. 
 
 HON. IRUS COY. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Chenango county. New York, July 25, 
 1833, and is the son of John and Almira (Pierce) Coy. His father was a 
 soldier in the war of 1812. Our subject received his primary education in the 
 district schools, and afterward entered Central College in Courtland county, New 
 York, and graduated from that institution in 1853. He attended the New York 
 State and National Law School at Poughkeepsie, New York, and was admitted to 
 the bar in Albany in the spring of 1857. During that same year he removed to 
 Kendall county, Illinois, and entered at once into the successful practice of the law, 
 doing a large business. He at once became the leading lawyer in that section of 
 the state. His counsel was sought by clients far and near, and his eloquence at 
 the bar gave him a widespread reputation, and he was engaged in nearly every 
 trial of importance in the circuit court that was tried in Kendall county during 
 his residence there. In 1871 he removed to Chicago, and has been attorney for 
 the Union Stock Yards and Transit Company since that time. 
 
 Mr. Coy represented Kendall county in the state legislature in 1869 and 1870, 
 and in that body attained to a high rank, his counsel was sought by his associates 
 in all matters of importance, and he soon advanced to the position of a leader, 
 and was considered by many as the ablest debater in either branch during those 
 sessions. He was alwavs found at the post of duty, and worked untiringly in the 
 interests of his constituents. He guarded faithfully the interests of the state, and 
 no important measure could be carried without his influence, and some of his 
 speeches were the most eloquent of any ever delivered in the Illinois legislature. 
 Mr. Coy was one of the presidential electors who voted for Gen. Grant in 1872. 
 In political sentiments he is a republican. Personally he has many elements of 
 popularity, being courteous, liberal, and possessing ease and grace in his manners. 
 
 As a lawyer Mr. Coy is thoroughly conversant with the statute law and the 
 decisions of the state and federal courts. He is an eloquent advocate, having an 
 excellent voice; his enunciation is clear and distinct, and he possesses physical 
 power and personal magnetism excelled by none; his arguments are logical, his
 
 "CCo.pir Jr S Cc 
 
 u 
 
 InE GWX,,;,t BrUY
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 325 
 
 language pure and elevated. He has a fine presence, being six feet in height and 
 weighing two hundred and fifty pounds, and stands erect. His gestures are easy 
 and graceful. Few men wield the influence over both court and jury that Mr. Coy 
 is accustomed to do. Combining with his eloquence and legal lore a character 
 for uprightness and true manhood unsurpassed, he sustains his own reputation 
 and the dignity and honor of his chosen profession. 
 
 Few young men set out in life under more discouraging circumstances than 
 our subject. Depending entirely upon his own energy and industry for success, 
 the next day after leaving Central College he entered the hayfield as a laborer, 
 and worked through haying and harvesting to procure means to come West. In 
 the fall of that year, with $50 in money and both hands blistered, he started for 
 Illinois, where he found employment as clerk in a dry goods store, and by care- 
 fully saving his earnings, accumulated sufficient means to defray his frugal ex- 
 penses in the law school. After being admitted to the bar he returned to Illinois, 
 and on taking an inventory of his effects found that he had only thirty-five cents 
 in money, the suit of clothes he had on at the time, and a few text books he had 
 used in the law school ; with this capital he entered the field to compete with the 
 skill and experience of the profession. 
 
 Mr. Coy was married in 1859 to Miss Julia A. Manchester, a highly educated 
 lady, accomplished and refined, the daughter of Asa Manchester. They have four 
 bright interesting children, two boys and two girls. 
 
 HENRY C. NOYES. 
 
 HENRY C. NOYES is a native of Vermont, and was born January 22, 1846, 
 at Derby Line, in Orleans county, and is the son of Adam S. Noyes, a 
 banker, who in 1858 settled at Rockford, Illinois, but returned to Boston in 1867. 
 Our subject belongs to a 'patriotic family, five brothers and a brother-in-law 
 having served in the Union army during the war of the rebellion. Henry C. 
 entered the army in 1863, and served until he was mustered out at the close of the 
 war. He was six months in the i34th 111. Vol. Inf., under Capt. Mulligan, and 
 was for a time connected with the 7th 111. Vol. Cavalry. 
 
 He commenced his education in the public schools, and afterward entered 
 Beloit College. In 1866 he entere 1 the law department of Michigan University, 
 at Ann Arbor, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1868, and was admitted 
 to the bar. He then removed to Chicago and entered at once upon a successful 
 career as a lawyer. He has given special attention to railroad law, and is an 
 expert in that branch of legal practice. He is attorney for the Belt Line railroad, 
 the Fox River Manufacturing Company, and the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insur- 
 ance Company, and the American Cable Car Company. Mr. Noyes is a thorough 
 lawyer, a good advocate, and a gentleman highly respected for his integrity and 
 upright dealing. He is urbane in his manner, and a gentleman of refinement. 
 34
 
 326 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Noyes has succeeded admirably, pecuniarily as well as professionally, and is 
 one of the wealthy members of the Chicago bar. 
 
 In politics Mr. Noyes is a republican, but does not take an active part therein. 
 He was a candidate for probate judge in the autumn of 1877. 
 
 He was married June 19, 1873, to Miss Angelia A. Elmer, formerly of Belville, 
 Ontario. They have two children, a son and a daughter. 
 
 WOLFRED N. LOW. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Canada, and was born May 22, 
 1846, in Mariposa, Victoria county. He is a son of Charles Low, late of 
 Shabbona Grove, De Kalb county, Illinois, and Lanor Low, still living. 
 
 Charles Low entered the British army at the age of seventeen, and at the age 
 of twenty seven had attained the rank of captain, when he resigned, married Miss 
 Lanor Richardson, and soon commenced the life of a farmer. He was an ardent 
 reformer in Canadian politics, and in common with his cousin, Dr. Wolfred Nel- 
 son, of Montreal, who was a cousin of the British Admiral Nelson, took part 
 in the Canada rebellion, which proved disastrous to the reformers. After having 
 sentence of death passed upon him, and witnessing the execution of Cols. Lount 
 and Matthews, he was pardoned through the instrumentality of Lord Durham, 
 resumed his agricultural pursuits, and during the remainder of his residence in 
 Canada, almost continually held some office under the Canadian government. The 
 paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch was a native of Aberdeen, Aber- 
 deen-shire, Scotland; was a captain in the British navy, and had command of the 
 British gunboats on the lakes, with headquarters at Quebec, where he died at a 
 good old age. 
 
 In 1856 Charles Low, with his family, removed from Canada and settled upon 
 a farm at Shabbona, De Kalb county, Illinois, where he died in 1862. Before he 
 was sixteen years of age Wolfred N. Low commenced teaching school at $1.00 per 
 day, for the purpose of obtaining money with which to pay off indebtedness exist- 
 ing upon the home farm. Three of his brothers served in the Union army during 
 the war, one in Battery G, 2nd 111. Lt. Artillery, and two in the io5th 111. Inf., 
 one of the latter dying from exposure on the field of battle, and at a little past 
 seventeen vears of age the subject of this sketch also enlisted in Battery G, 2nd 
 111. Lt. Artillery, served under Gen. A. J. Smith, in the i6th army corps, was 
 engaged in the fifteen days fight at Spanish Fort, Fort Blakey, and capture of 
 Mobile, the last battles of the war, and after doing garrison duty at Montgomery, 
 Alabama, during the summer of 1865, was mustered out of the service at Spring- 
 field, Illinois, September n, 1865. 
 
 Upon his return from the army he devoted all his savings to paying off the 
 incumbrance on the farm, and then commenced a literary course of study at the 
 seminary at East Paw Paw, De Kalb county, Illinois, attending school, springs and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 327 
 
 falls, supporting himself by teaching, winters, and graduating in the spring of 
 1871. One year more was devoted to teaching, to get means with which to take a 
 legal course, and in the fall of 1872 he entered the law department of Michigan 
 University at Ann Arbor, from which he graduated in March, 1874, spending the 
 seven months of the summer vacation as a student in the law office of Runyan, 
 Avery, Loomis and Comstock, of Chicago. Shortly after his graduation he was 
 admitted to the bar of the State of Illinois, and in June, 1874, came to Chicago 
 with $100 and plenty of grit for his capital, without acquaintance or influence, 
 and established himself in the practice of his profession, where he has been doing 
 a successful business ever since. In the spring of 1875 he formed a partnership 
 with L. H. Gault, under the name of Gault and Low, which has been continued 
 ever since. 
 
 November 10, 1880, Mr. Low married Mrs. Kate Pickrell, a native of Shelby- 
 ville, Kentucky, and daughter of A. J. Fry, of Mexico, Missouri. 
 
 Mr. Low has received no assistance from any source, nor has he been aided by 
 any influence whatever, since he entered upon his professional career, all that 
 he has accomplished being the result of his own individual exertions. He is 
 active and prompt, although firm, is courteous and kind, and has a pleasing 
 address that wins many friends, and is respected and esteemed by all, as a well 
 read and honorable member of the bar. 
 
 LOUIS KISTLER. 
 
 EUIS KISTLER was born June 25, 1835, at Strasburg, Germany; the oldest 
 son of Mary and Andrew Kistler. His father had distinguished himself 
 by his bravery during the Napoleonic wars, but in consequence of exposures 
 and several wounds received in the conflicts, after years of suffering died in 
 1847, at the early age of fifty-seven, leaving his son, a lad of only twelve years. 
 During the following year young Kistler formed the purpose of seeking his for- 
 tune in, and becoming a citizen of, the great Republic of the West. Arriving at 
 that early age in the city of Rochester, New York, among strangers, without a 
 knowledge of the language of the country, he applied himself to the task of mas- 
 tering the elements of the English tongue. He afterward resolved to pursue a 
 thorough, classical course of study, with the purpose of ultimately entering upon 
 the practice of the law. His desire for a classical education was finally realized, 
 he graduating in the year 1858. Thereafter he was appointed teacher of the 
 classics in the Greenwich Academy, Rhode Island, a position which he held until 
 1862, when a strong desire to revisit the old world prompted him to sever his 
 relations with the institution. After two years of diligent study at the University 
 of Berlin, under the direction of its eminent professors, he returned to the coun- 
 try of his adoption, and was at once called to a professorship in the Northwestern 
 University, at Evanston, Illinois, which position he held continuously for fourteen
 
 328 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 years, when he resigned to enter upon the active practice of the law, for which 
 he was eminently fitted. 
 
 Mr. Kistler is one of the few men of German birth who have acquired the art 
 of speaking the English language with a faultless accent. He can use it with 
 effect both in the forum and on the platform whenever the occasion demands. 
 His pure and spotless life has gained him the respect of all classes, and he is 
 highly esteemed by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. In the year 1861 
 he married Miss Frances Dow, a New England lady of refinement and culture, 
 the fruit of which union was three boys and two girls, all of which, with the 
 exception of one lad of thirteen years, have died. His son is a bright, smart 
 youth of great promise. In the year 1878 he suffered an almost irreparable loss 
 by the destruction of his large and valuable library, in the burning of his resi- 
 dence, comprising not only his law books, but the literary work of his previous 
 years, and even manuscripts ready for publication. 
 
 Mr. Kistler is a republican in politics, and in years past has rendered valuable 
 service to the cause, but of late years his profession and love of literary work have 
 absorbed all his time and energies. Mr. Kistler is in the prime of life, and sin- 
 cerely attached to his domestic and social duties, in which he is thoroughly happy 
 and content. 
 
 JARVIS BLUME. 
 
 JARVIS BLUME was born May 6, 1842, in Baden, Germany, and was the son 
 of Joseph Blume, who emigrated to America in 1848, having become obnox- 
 ious to the government on account of his political opinions, his cousin, Robert 
 Blum, the noted political martyr, having been shot in Austria for holding like 
 'opinions. Joseph Blume died of cholera in Cincinnati, where he had settled, in 
 1850. By his death the family were left dependent on their own efforts for their 
 support, and the son Jarvis went to work for his uncle, with whom he remained 
 until he was twelve years of age, when he ran away and hired out as a bell boy 
 in a hotel in Cincinnati, where he remained two years. He then obtained employ- 
 ment in a wholesale hardware store, where he remained until 1861, when he 
 entered the army. In the meantime he had attended a night school during two 
 winters, which was the full extent of his scholastic education. He served through- 
 out the war and was in many of the important engagements of the Armies of the 
 Cumberland and Ohio, and was, during the last year of the war, on detached 
 duty as chief clerk of the provost-marshal-general's office at Nashville. He was 
 mustered out of the service in 1865, after which he lived in various southern 
 cities until 1867, when he returned to Cincinnati. Early in 1871 Mr. Blume went 
 to Boston and began the study of law, entering the office of his brother, Andreas 
 Blume, who is an eminent lawyer of that city, and also attended the regular two 
 years' course at the law school of Boston University. In 1876 he was admitted 
 to the bar, and removing to the West settled in Des Moines, Iowa, and began
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 329 
 
 practice, and married Miss Olivia A. Little, of that city. In the spring of 1877 
 he removed to Chicago, and, resuming his profession, has since that time devoted 
 to it his undivided attention. In politics he is an ardent and active republican. 
 Mr. Blume has, for ten years past, been a contributor to various periodicals, 
 among them the Boston " Advertiser," and '' Post," Chicago " Tribune," and 
 "Alliance." His articles in relation to the battles of Shiloh, and Chickamauga, 
 and various sketches of the leading Union generals, published by the " Tribune " 
 during the last three years, being highly commended for their accuracy and 
 vigor. A series of twenty-five "Sketches of Celebrated Men and Women," pub- 
 lished in the "Alliance," have been widely copied east and west, and are remark- 
 able evidences of literary ability. Among these are the biographical sketches of 
 Edwin Forrest, Charlotte Cushman, Webster, Clay, Edgar A. Poe, Andrew Jack- 
 son, Stephen A. Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Henry Ward 
 Beecher. Mr. Blume has also published a series of papers in the " Alliance " 
 upon social and moral subjects, the most elaborate of which may be mentioned, 
 "Husband and Wife," "Marriage and Divorce," "The Abolition of the Saloon," 
 "The Abolition of Poverty," "Success and Failure," "Music," "The Drama," 
 "Gambling," "The Depravity of Man." 
 
 FRANCIS W. WALKER. 
 
 T^RANCIS W. WALKER was born in Chicago, October 12, 1856. His father, 
 J. Lucas B., and mother, Lucinda (LeSeur) Walker, were natives of New York 
 state, and his father was at one time a commission merchant of Chicago. Frank 
 received his early education in Chicago, entering the high school at the age of 
 thirteen years, and after graduating therefrom, attended Dr. Dyrenfurth's college 
 for one year. Having determined to become a lawyer, he entered the office of 
 Luther Laflin Mills, and there devoted three years to study, -at the same time 
 attending the Union College of Law, from which he graduated in June 1877. 
 After being admitted to the bar, he practiced alone for three years, until Novem- 
 ber, 1880, when he entered into partnership with Lawrence M. Ennis, under the 
 firm name of Ennis and Walker. Mr. Walker is a member of the Iroquois Club 
 and an active democratic politician, and took a prominent part in the campaign 
 of 1880. He, at an early age, entered into literary work and won a reputation as 
 a fine debater and deep argumentative speaker. He is a close student of history, 
 both general and political, and, possessing clear and profound reasoning faculties, 
 has paid much attention to metaphysics and science. 
 
 In law, as in general literature, he has the faculty of grasping the theories upon 
 which jurisprudence is based, and has acquired a knowledge of the fundamental 
 principles, rarely attained by a young lawyer. Both he and his partner, Mr. 
 Ennis, soon after beginning to practice, earned a general reputation as jury law- 
 yers and able speakers. Mr. Walker's success is an assured fact, and no young 
 lawyer practicing at the Chicago bar has brighter prospects,
 
 330 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Walker is unmarried. He has one sister; and his parents, although 
 beyond the prime of life, are still hale and hearty. The firm of Ennis and 
 Walker has before it a most promising future. Its members have been compan- 
 ions from childhood, and are bound together by nearer ties than merely those 
 of business. Both are young men of brilliant associations, talents, devoted to 
 their profession, and already maintain an honorable rank among the younger 
 class of lawyers now practicing at the Chicago bar. 
 
 FRANK S. WEIGLEY. 
 
 FRANK S. WEIGLEY was born in Galena, Illinois, April 4, 1854, and is a 
 son of Wellington Weigley. His father was a lawyer in Galena for forty 
 years, and had a very large and lucrative practice, and was a partner of both 
 John S. Jewett and the late E. A. Small, of the Chicago bar. The subject of this 
 sketch attended the common schools in Galena, Illinois, and Dubuque, Iowa, and 
 for two years, 1871 and 1872, studied at Hamilton College. He at once, after 
 leaving Hamilton, entered his father's office as a law student, and after remaining 
 there one year, moved to Omaha, Nebraska, and studied in the office of E. F. 
 Smythe, a prominent lawyer there, and was admitted to the bar of Nebraska in 
 the fall of 1874. He then removed to Chicago, and was admitted to the bar of 
 Illinois, and was employed as a short-hand reporter in the courts until 1876, when 
 he began practice. He was assistant to the county attorney in 1876-7. He has 
 a very extensive practice for so young a man, and is one of the rising young men 
 of the bar. 
 
 He married in 1879, a daughter of the late Dennison Card, of Rochester, New 
 York, who for several years, during Mr. Lincoln's administration, served as a 
 diplomatic agent of the United States, in South America. 
 
 WILLIAM S. JOHNSON. 
 
 WILLIAM S. JOHNSON was born in Albany, New York, June i, 1850. His 
 father, James Johnson, removed to Chicago in 1863, and will be remem- 
 bered as one of the best of departed capitalists and citizens. From 1863 the 
 family have resided in Chicago, one of the sons, Rev. D. S. Johnson, D.D., having 
 for a number of years been the pastor of the Hyde Park Presbyterian Church. 
 The subject of this sketch at an early age entered Phillips Academy, at Andover, 
 Massachusetts, and spent three years there in preparation for college. When 
 eighteen years of age he entered Williams College, Massachusetts, where he 
 remained two years, and until his father's death. Not returning and finishing 
 his collegiate course after his father's death, he began the study of the law in 
 Chicago, in the office of Hon. James P. Root. Having been admitted to the bar
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of-' CHICAGO. 331 
 
 in 1875, he entered the law office of Hon. Emery A. Storrs in that year. Upon 
 his father's death, in 1870, Mr. Johnson came into possession of considerable 
 property, and for some time thereafter enjoyed the many comforts that wealth 
 affords. In the panic of 1872-3-4 he lost everything except the educational capi- 
 tal he had, with which, as a foundation, he accepted the situation bravely and 
 began life anew. 
 
 Mr. Johnson has been very successful in his practice, and has been employed 
 in several important matters before the courts of Chicago. Though not address- 
 ing any especial attention to criminal practice, still he has been employed in some 
 of the most important criminal causes of the last few years, notably the Stern 
 murder case, in which he defended the prisoner, Arthur B. Stern. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. CUMMINS. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. CUMMINS was born in Green county, Pennsylvania, Septem- 
 ber 4, 1856; the youngest son of Thomas L. and Sarah B. Cummins. He 
 was educated at the Carmichaels Academy,,in Pennsylvania, which institution he 
 attended until November, 1875, when he removed to Chicago. In Chicago Mr. 
 Cummins began the study of law in the office of McClellan and Cummins, the 
 junior partner of that firm being his brother. In the April term of 1878 he was 
 admitted to the bar, and January i, 1880, became the junior member of the firm 
 of McClellan, Tewksbury and Cummins. He was married January 17, 1880, to 
 Helen H., daughter of John J. McClellan, his own partner. Mr. Cummins has by 
 his own exertions raised himself to his present position, being entirely self-edu- 
 cated and self-made, and is one of the rising young men of the bar of Chicago. 
 
 L. VERNON "FERRIS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a rising Chicago lawyer. He is a native of New 
 York and was born in Lawrenceville, St. Lawrence county, July 15, 1843, 
 and is the son of Lemuel P. and Anna P. (Hall) Ferris. Mr. Ferris was a student 
 in Lawrenceville Academy, and entered Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1863, 
 and graduated from that institution in 1867. He taught school during winters 
 in Vermont and was principal of Windsor high school from 1867 to 1871, reading 
 law in the meantime. 
 
 He was married in 1870 to Miss Anna M. Stone, a daughter of Samuel Stone, a 
 prominent citizen of Windsor, Vermont. From 1871 to 1874 he was superintendent 
 of the Troy (Ohio) public schools, giving general satisfaction, and, having pre- 
 pared for examination, was, in the spring of the last named year, admitted to the 
 bar of Ohio. In the following fall he removed to Chicago, and has been engaged 
 in the general practice of the law since that time. Mr. Ferris is a good trial
 
 332 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 lawyer, being quick of perception, apt and ready, with a faculty of applying his 
 knowledge when it is needed. He is also a good advocate. Conscientious and 
 painstaking, he prepares his cases with the utmost care, and possessing rare dis- 
 crimination, that enables him to select decisions in point, he has a happy faculty 
 of presenting the law in a clear and forcible manner. His judgment is good, and 
 he is always true to his clients. As a citizen, Mr. Ferris has rightfully gained the 
 reputation of being a high-minded, honorable gentleman, in whom all who know 
 him have implicit confidence. 
 
 WILLIAM C. WILSON. 
 
 WILLIAM C. WILSON was born in Champaign county, Ohio, February 
 1836; the son of Hon. Thomas H. and Mary (Neal) Wilson. His father, 
 a farmer by occupation, was one of the pioneers of Noble county, Indiana, settling 
 there in the fall of 1836. He afterward became a member of the legislature of 
 Indiana, and an associate judge of Noble county. Mr. Wilson completed his educa- 
 tion at Fort Wayne College, Indiana, and began the study of law with his brother, 
 Hon. H. D. Wilson, of Columbia city, Indiana, and was admitted to the Indiana 
 bar at Goshen city in 1863, when he began his practice. In 1868 he was nomi- 
 nated, against his will, for the office of prosecuting attorney, but was not elected. 
 Since that time he has positively declined to take any active part in politics, more 
 than to perform his duties as a citizen. 
 
 December i, 1869, Mr. Wilson married Miss Anna E. Fussey, an accomplished 
 young lady, a graduate of Jennings Seminary, Aurora, Illinois, and daughter of 
 John Fussey, a well known citizen of Chicago, who emigrated from England to 
 Canada, and thence to Chicago, in 1841. In 1874 Mr. Wilson settled at Evanston, 
 and at the same time opened an office for the practice of his profession in Chi- 
 cago, continuing alone in business until the organization of the present firm of 
 Wilson and Zook. The business of the firm is general in its scope, and under 
 careful management has been eminently successful.. 
 
 GEORGE AARON GIBBS. 
 
 AMONG the more prominent of the younger class of lawyers practicing at the 
 Chicago bar is George Aaron Gibbs. He is a son of one of the early pio- 
 neers of Chicago, Aaron Gibbs, who is well known both there and in Connect- 
 icut. His mother's maiden name was Catherine Gulliver. George was educated 
 in Chicago, and at Cornell University, and after completing a collegiate and law 
 course, graduated in 1872. He also studied law in the office of Waite and Clarke, 
 of Chicago, and was admitted to the bar under certificate from New York state, 
 in 1872. Among the more important cases in which Mr. Gibbs has been inter- 
 ested, and which he conducted to a successful issue in his client's behalf, was the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 333 
 
 celebrated Snydam case, which caused some excitement at the time of the trial; 
 he was also retained to assist H. M. Monroe, one of the ablest lawyers in this 
 city in the Joell Henry Wells case against the Northern Insane State Hospital. 
 
 Mr. Gibbs is a young lawyer, possessing a sound legal mind, and when any very 
 technical point has been under consideration he has in all instances exemplified 
 that he was competent to deal with it in a masterly manner; genial and gentle- 
 manly in disposition, possessing all the business alacrity and aptitude, which are 
 the characteristics of his profession, he not only possesses the good will of his 
 confreres generally, but outside that circle is held in the highest regard and 
 esteem. 
 
 He married in June, 1881, Miss Smith, youngest daughter of James P. Smith, 
 an old resident and merchant in Chicago. 
 
 DANIEL J. AVERY. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch comes from New England parentage, and is a 
 direct descendant of John Alden and Priscilla (Mullins) Alden, whose mem- 
 ory has been immortalized in the "Courtship of Miles Standish." His parental 
 ancestors were among the very earliest settlers of Norwich, Connecticut. His 
 father was Ebenezer W. Avery, and his mother Tryphenia T. (Davis) Avery. The 
 Averys were, during the revolutionary struggle, staunch rebels, and rendered 
 their country valuable service on many a well fought field. It is said that thir- 
 teen bearing the family name, all brothers and cousins, fell in one battle, and 
 were buried in one grave. His eldest brother is Dr. Samuel J. Avery, of Chicago, 
 and his youngest brother, born at Avon, Lake county, Illinois, in 1849, is John A. 
 Avery, now editor of the Lake county " Republican." 
 
 Daniel was born in Brandon, Vermont, December i, 1836. His father was an 
 earnest friend of education, and would gather his own and his neighbor's chil- 
 dren at his own home, and during the evenings give them their early instructions. 
 The celebrated Stephen A. Douglas was in those days one of his pupils, and 
 received his earliest instruction and the necessary flagellation at his hands, in 
 Brandon, Vermont. 
 
 In 1843, Ebenezer W. Avery, with his wife and family of seven children, of 
 whom Daniel was next the youngest, came west, by way of the Erie canal and the 
 lakes. They landed in Racine, Wisconsin, in October, and at once preempted a 
 quarter-section of land in what is now Avon, in Lake county. Their nearest 
 neighbor was three miles distant, and no schools in the town. Daniel was pres- 
 ent when the first school-house was erected in his district. It was a log house, 
 and the neighbors each furnished his quota of logs to erect it. Daniel attended 
 school until about eighteen years old, working with his father on the farm, sum- 
 mers, and going to school, winters. He studied the higher branches at home 
 evenings, under parental instruction, and furnished himself with books by selling 
 35
 
 334 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 quails, at twenty-five cents per dozen, which he caught during the winter. At 
 the age of eighteen he attended the village academy of Waukegan, then under 
 the management of Francis E. Clark, the present county judge of Lake county. 
 There he remained for six terms, preparing for college, but abandoned his purpose 
 of pursuing a collegiate course, and decided instead to fit himself for the legal 
 profession. At the age of twenty he entered the office of Hon. J. B. Bradwell, of 
 Chicago, and became a member of Mr. Bradwell's family, and worked for his 
 board and washing. At the end of one year, however, he went to the law office 
 of Brown and Runyan, where he pursued his legal studies until June 30, 1859, 
 when he was admitted to the bar. His examiners were Judges Beckwith, Judd 
 and Peck. After his admission to the bar, he practiced his profession until 
 July i, 1862, when he enlisted as a private in the ii3th regiment 111. Vol. Inf., and 
 on October i following was promoted to second sergeant. He was in the reserve 
 corps at the battle of Chickasaw Bluff, December 29, 1862; fought in the battle 
 of Arkansas Post, January u, 1863. About January 22, he moved with Sherman's 
 army down to Young's Point, opposite Vicksburg, and awaited the cutting of 
 a channel across that point by command of Gen. Grant. In December, 1862, 
 he was accidentally poisoned while temporarily in the regiment's hospital, at 
 Memphis, Tennessee, and in March, 1863, was sent to Lawson, general at St. 
 Louis, and was honorably discharged from the service, October 12, 1863. He 
 immediately returned to Chicago, and resumed the practice of law. In 1864 the 
 firm of Runyan and Avery was formed, which continued until 1867, when Mr. 
 Comstock was admitted to it, and in 1869 Judge Loomis, who remained till 1873, 
 when he retired and was followed by Mr. Runyan soon afterward. The firm was 
 then known as Avery and Comstock, which was dissolved in 1877. 
 
 Mr. Avery conducted the extensive chancery business during the whole his- 
 tory of the firm, and acquired an enviable reputation in that line of business, and 
 in December, 1880, was appointed master in chancery of the superior court of 
 Cook county, which office he now holds. 
 
 He has always been an active republican in politics, and served his party as 
 chairman of the Cook county republican central committee, and other useful 
 positions, but has never aspired to office, and never been a candidate before the 
 people. 
 
 In 1866 he was made Master Mason, and for three years was master of Hespe- 
 ria lodge, No. 411, and for the past eight years has filled the office of district 
 deputy grand master for the second district of Illinois. He was one of the thir- 
 teen members who constituted the masonic board of relief organized after the 
 great fire, and did his fellow citizens efficient service in that capacity. In July, 
 1874, he assisted in the organization of the Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, 
 and was elected president, and has been successively elected to that position every 
 year since. This is one of the most successful cooperative benefit associations in 
 the country. Its membership now numbers more than fifteen thousand, and it 
 has disbursed in the eight years of its existence over $800,000 to beneficiaries.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 335 
 
 In 1867 Mr. Avery married Miss Mary Comstock, of Wilton, Saratoga county, 
 New York, who died January n, 1873, leaving two children. May 29, 1874, he 
 married his present wife, who was Miss Kate Ellis, of New York city. 
 
 Like many others, Mr. Avery allowed his better judgment to be controlled by 
 his feelings, and became surety for a friend. The venture failed, and in 1867 he 
 lost everything except the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens. 
 
 In person Mr. Avery is substantially built, tall, well proportioned, and of com- 
 manding presence. In complexion he is a blonde, with a pleasing expression, 
 very approachable, and a genial companion. He is very proficient in his profes- 
 sion, and is regarded as a fluent speaker, and a close, logical reasoner. 
 
 ROBERT E. MORRISON. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a son of A. L. Morrison, the present United 
 States marshal of New Mexico, but who formerly was a prominent citizen 
 of Chicago. He was well known in political circles; was at one time a member 
 of the state legislature of Illinois; was a police magistrate and West Town col- 
 lector in Chicago, and held many other positions of trust. 
 
 Robert E. was born in Chicago, July 13, 1856, and received his preliminary 
 education in the public and high schools of that city. After deciding to devote 
 himself to the legal profession, he began his studies in the law office of Hon. J. 
 C. Knickerbocker, now judge of the probate court in Chicago. This was in 1873. 
 Later, he attended the Union College of Law of Chicago, and graduated from that 
 institution in 1878, and in July of the same year was admitted to the bar of Illi- 
 nois. Entering at once into active practice on his own account, he met with good 
 success, and so continued until forming a partnership with M. C. Kneip, the well- 
 known marine lawyer, under the firm name of Kneip and Morrison. He is a 
 young man of talent, and a well read, competent and successful lawyer. 
 
 EDWIN F. ABBOTT. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Wisconsin. He was born at Janes- 
 ville, May 4, 1851, and is the son of Nathan W. Abbott, an eminent physician 
 of this city, who served during the war as surgeon of the 8oth 111. Vol. Inf. 
 His mother was Sarah Yates, and belonged to an old New York family. When 
 Edwin F. was but a year and a half old his parents removed to Dixon, Illi- 
 nois. He spent two years at the State University at Champaign, Illinois. He 
 afterward, in 1873, graduated from the law department of Michigan University, 
 at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and, settling in Chicago the following June, was ad- 
 mitted to the Illinois bar. He then commenced the practice of the law in the 
 office of Sleeper and Whiton, and remained in that office until 1874. He has 
 since then practiced law by himself with good success. Mr. Abbott is a well
 
 ;;6 THE B-ENCH AND BAR OF CHIC A CO. 
 
 \J \J 
 
 read lawyer and a gentleman whom to know is tp respect. In political senti- 
 ments, he is a republican; in religious matters, is thoroughly liberal and indepen- 
 dent. By all who know him he is esteemed as an upright, honorable man, and 
 a lawyer conscientious and high minded in his practice-. He is a worthy member 
 of F.A.A.M. and R.A.M. 
 
 HON. BURTON C. COOK. 
 
 BURTON C. COOK, a native of Monroe county, New York, was born May n, 
 1819; the son of Rev. Chauncey Cook and Almirah (Hollister) Cook, his 
 wife. After receiving his preparatory edecation, he entered Rochester Seminary. 
 Later he pursued the study of law, and, in r835 removing to Illinois, entered 
 .upon the practice of his profession, May i, 1840. Settling at Ottawa in 1840, he 
 there won a high reputation as a successful and skillful attorney, and as a man of 
 unimpeachable character. In 1846 he was elected state's attorney for the ninth 
 judicial district, a capacity in which he served until 1852, when he was elected to 
 the state senate. During his service of eight successive years as a member of 
 that body, he took an active part in its doings, and rendered most efficient ser- 
 vice.- Early becoming identified with the anti-slavery movement, he turned his 
 whole influence against the institution of slavery, and upon the repeal of the 
 Missouri compromise, with Hon. Norman B. Judd and many others, left the ranks 
 of the democratic party. Being at that time in the state senate, he, with N. B. 
 Judd and J. M. Palmer in the senate, and Messrs. Baker and Allen of the house, 
 and others, joined with the whigs under Abraham Lincoln, and succeeded in 
 sending Hon. Lyman Trumbull to the United States senate. In the peace con- 
 vention held in Washington in February, 1861, he represented the state of Illinois, 
 and there strenuously opposed the recognition of slavery, or protection of it by 
 the national government, in the territories; and in connection with ex Gov. Wood, 
 of Illinois, caused his protest to be entered on the journal against the vote of the 
 majority of the delegates from his state, favoring the resolutions adopted by the 
 convention. 
 
 During his service in yie state senate he aided in preparing, and in that body 
 had charge of, the first bill establishing a state system of free schools, to be sup- 
 ported by taxation. This measure has ripened into the present school system of 
 the state. The first legislative act of this state recognizing the right of married 
 women to hold separate property in this state was prepared and its passage 
 secured by Mr. Cook. This act was the germ of the present liberal law of Illinois 
 in relation to the property rights of married women. 
 
 In 1864 he was elected to the thirty-ninth congress from the sixth congres- 
 sional district of Illinois, ad during his term served as a member of the judiciary 
 committee of the house, and originated the statute passed protecting the officers 
 and soldiers of the army from" suits for damages done while on military duty 
 during the war. Being returned to the fortieth congress, he served as a member
 
 ..
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 339 
 
 of the committee on elections, and chairman of the committee on roads and 
 canals. From this last named committee he reported a bill authorizing the build- 
 ing of a postal and military railroad from Washington to New York, a measure 
 which he supported with an able speech, delivered February 3 and 4, 1869, in 
 which he maintained that the power to charter the proposed line of road was 
 derived from the constitution of the United States, providing that congress shall 
 have power " to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the. several 
 states." He claimed that such power was not limited to any special branch or 
 instrument of commerce, and that it had power to build railroads as well as to 
 deepen rivers. From the committee on election, also, he prepared and made 
 several valuable reports on various contested cases. His report respecting Beck, 
 member-elect from Kentucky, and others, was important as laying down princi- 
 ples to govern the action of the house, where persons were elected to congress 
 who were disqualified by having taken part in the rebellion disloyally, disqualify- 
 ing for membership. He also reported a resolution establishing a basis on which 
 southern members were admitted. He was reflected to congress in 1868, and 
 again in 1870, when he served as chairman of the committee on the District of 
 Columbia, and as a member of the judiciary committee. The report of the judi- 
 ciary committee upon the memorial of the legislative assembly of Utah, praying 
 for the repeal of the act of congress punishing polygamy, was prepared by Mr. 
 Cook, in which the relation of the family to the state was carefully considered. 
 Resigning his seat in congress in 1871, he removed to Chicago, whither he had 
 been called to accept the office of general solicitor of the Chicago and North West- 
 ern railway, a most honorable and responsible position, which he still holds. 
 Possessed of the highest order of legal talent, he has become an especial authority 
 on all matters pertaining to railroad laws. 
 
 Mr. Cook was married in 1848, to Miss Elizabeth Hart, daughter of Judge 
 Orris Hart, of Oswego, New York, and by her has one child, Ellen E., wife of 
 Charles H. Lawrence. 
 
 MOSES S. BOWEN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Niagara county, New York, and was 
 born August 18, 1 830, the son of George W. Bowen and Phebe (Courser) Bowen, 
 formerly of Bennington, Vermont, later of Middleport, Niagara county, New York. 
 He was educated at Wilson Collegiate Institute, New York, and graduated from that 
 institution in 1851; he studied law with Levant C. Rhines, of Battle Creek, Mich- 
 igan, and was admitted to the bar of that state in 1858, and two years later was 
 licensed to practice in the United States circuit court. While at Battle Creek he 
 established a good name as a lawyer of ability, and upon leaving there settled 
 at Coldwater, Michigan, where he acquired a large practice, and added to his 
 already established reputation. He removed to Chicago in 1874, and resumed 
 his practice there, and since that time has been successfully and uninterruptedly
 
 340 THE BENCH AND RAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 engaged in the same. Mr. Bowen has a vigorous, analytical mind, and readily 
 comprehends the law. He is thoroughly conversant with the civil and criminal 
 practice, and is recognized as especially able and skillful as a trial and jury law- 
 yer. Faithful to his clients, and true to his friends, he is held in high esteem by 
 all, as an honest man and a genial gentleman. 
 
 He was married September 28, 1858, to Miss Mary Helena Sawyer, a daughter 
 of W. E. Sawyer, of Battle Creek, Michigan, and by her has one son and one 
 daughter. 
 
 JOHN D. STORER. 
 
 JOHN D. STORER is a native of Maine. He was born May 10, 1837, in Car- 
 thage, in the county of Franklin ; eldest son of Harrison Storer, a prominent 
 citizen of that county, having been elected to numerous offices of trust and honor, 
 and who is highly respected for his intelligence and purity of character. The 
 mother of John D. is Naomi J., daughter of Capt. Jotham Bradbury, of Farming- 
 ton, Maine, who is still living (in 1883). He is active and bright at the advanced 
 age of ninety-two years. His paternal grandfather was John Storer, a prominent 
 business man, who was a member of the Maine legislature the same session in 
 which Simon Greenleaf, afterward Dean professor of the law department of Har- 
 vard College, was a member, and enjoyed the intimate friendship of that gentle- 
 man. Mr. Storer's ancestors back several generations were all American, while 
 his remote progenitors were Scotch and English. Among his relatives he num- 
 bers several prominent lawyers and judges, and those who have distinguished 
 themselves in literature and music ; in the last mentioned art his father, brother 
 Albert, and sisters Emma and Laura, the latter deceased, have been considered 
 eminent. 
 
 John D. worked on his father's farm during the spring and summer months, 
 and attended school winters. He taught school at intervals for several years. 
 He received a fine education, and commenced the study of the law in the 
 office of Isaac Randall, in Dixfield, Maine, in the spring of 1855. He after- 
 ward continued the study of the law with great assiduity in the office of Hon. 
 Timothy Ludden, and after Mr. Ludden's decease, in the office of Hon. Charles 
 W. Walton, now an eminent judge of the supreme court of Maine ; after a 
 four years' course of study he was admitted to the bar in Maine, May 4, 1859, 
 and was afterward admitted to the United States district court at Portland. He 
 ; then opened an office in Monson, Maine, where he made an excellent beginning 
 in the practice of the law. But, desiring a larger field, he came west, and after 
 prospecting for a while he opened a law office in Shakopee, Minnesota, but, his 
 health failing, he returned to his native state. After recruiting his health he 
 returned west, and entered the army in the 49th Wis. Vols., and for the greater 
 part of his term of service was engaged in clerical work at headquarters. He 
 was mustered out of service at Madison, Wisconsin, November 8, 1865. He
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 341 
 
 removed to Chicago, and was for a short time in the office of Scales, Bates and 
 Towsley. In the spring of 1866 he removed to Maine, and devoted his attention 
 to divers kinds of business, and finally opened an office at Wilton, Maine, where 
 he practiced law with excellent success five years. He then removed to Lewis- 
 ton, Maine, where he practiced law seven years, doing an extensive business. In 
 the spring of 1881 he turned his face toward the west again, went to Cleveland, 
 Ohio, where he practiced law and acted as associate editor of the " Marine 
 Record." But not being satisfied with his prospects in that city, he removed to 
 Chicago the following summer, where he has resided ever since. 
 
 Mr. Storer is a careful, painstaking lawyer, having a well-balanced judgment, 
 and is good counsel. He has a retentive memory, and is a diligent student. His 
 examination of a subject is exhaustive, and when once begun he never tires until 
 he has fathomed its depths. He compares conflicting decisions with keen analy- 
 sis, and has great power of condensation. He usually comes into court with a 
 few well selected leading cases directly in point, and is usually successful. He is 
 an excellent judge of human nature, which is of great assistance to him in the 
 trial of causes, in which he is an expert. As an advocate, he speaks with preci- 
 sion, earnestness, and to the point. He rises with his subject and the occasion, 
 and is a formidable opponent. He naturally reasons from cause to effect, and 
 often enlivens his discourses with apt illustrations and comparisons. He sees his 
 subject clearly, and is enabled to express his thoughts clearly. Being endowed 
 by nature with great fluency, and polished by an intimate acquaintance with the 
 best authors, he has attained a style of composition remarkable for its pure 
 English. 
 
 He was married September 3, 1863, to Miss Cornelia Todd, an estimable lady 
 of Galion, Ohio, daughter of the late Joel Todd, a gentleman of fine scholarship 
 and excellent mental powers. They have five children : Harry, Meade, Blanche, 
 Elsie, and Lula. 
 
 MATTHEW P. BRADY. 
 
 MATTHEW P. BRADY was born June 5, 1849, in Liverpool, England, and 
 is the son of Owen J. Brady, who emigrated to this country about 1865 
 and settled in Cass county, Illinois, where he now resides. He studied under pri- 
 vate masters in Liverpool, notably for six years with Martin A. DeLaney, a man 
 celebrated for his classical learning, and one of the most celebrated graduates of 
 Carlow College, in Ireland, and after Mr. DeLaney's death, with Jerome Kelly. 
 He then, up to the time of his coming to America, attended the institute of St. 
 Phillip Neri, at Mt. Pleasant, near Liverpool, one of the classical institutions of 
 the oratory, at the head of which His Eminence Cardinal Newman presides. In 
 1865 Mr. Brady came to America, having an uncle in Chicago who, being desirous 
 of educating his nephew for the legal profession, had persuaded him to remove 
 thither. His uncle dying shortly after his arrival, Mr. Brady was thrown upon
 
 342 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 his own resources, but remained faithful to his uncle's purpose. He secured a 
 deputy clerkship in the superior court, and held that position till the spring of 
 1868, during which time he continued his former studies, adding to them that of 
 law. He entered the law department of the University of Chicago, and gradu- 
 ated therefrom in 1870, and was admitted to the bar in the summer of 1871. Mr. 
 Brady then became associated with Grant and Swift as special pleader until May, 
 1880, when he was taken into partnership under style of Grant, Swift and Brady. 
 He is a republican in politics, but takes no active part therein. He was mar- 
 ried in May, 1882, to Cordelia A. Hansen, of New York city. 
 
 GEORGE G. BELLOWS. 
 
 WHAT there is of a man, so far as the public knows, is evidenced by what 
 appears on the surface. It is often the case that the true inwardness of a 
 man is not known to the public, and his better qualities are hidden, and he goes 
 down to history under an incorrect estimate for this reason. George G. Bellows, 
 the subject of this mention, has had a conspicuous career. He was born in 
 Boston, Massachusetts, in the year 1832. His father was a prominent merchant 
 and president of a leading bank there, and retired to the country while George 
 was young; he was a man well known, and often entertained the distinguished 
 men of his time at his home, and young George had the advantages of such associ- 
 ations, and the good sense to profit by them, and to this day has a vivid recollec- 
 tion of many distinguished men who were foremost in law and statesmanship. His 
 preliminary education was obtained in Cambridge and New York city, and he was 
 in Harvard College' two years, when he withdrew and commenced the study of 
 law with Judge Vose, in Walpole, one of the leading lawyers in New Hampshire; 
 remained one year and went to New York and completed his studies with the 
 then distinguished firm of Hall, Butler and Evarts; was admitted to the bar and 
 engaged in practice. During the years immediately preceding the war he took 
 an active part in politics, being recognized as one of the eloquent public speakers 
 in the state of New York, advocating knownothingism up to the time of the 
 nomination of Mr. Lincoln, when he entered the campaign in his behalf, and was 
 an efficient factor in securing the electoral vote of that state for him, and has 
 since been an advocate of the principles of the republican party. 
 
 At the outbreak of the rebellion he was active and earnest in urging enlist- 
 ment in the service of the Union, and was instrumental in raising a regiment for 
 Col. Fardella, one of Garibaldi's old officers. He went to the front with it, but 
 after being in the army eighteen months was obliged to resign on account of ill 
 health and disease contracted in the Chickahominy swamps, and returned home 
 and came West, and for one year engaged in lecturing in Wisconsin in further- 
 ance of the interests of the United States sanitary commission, of which his emi- 
 nent brother, Rev. Dr. Henry W. Bellows, was president, and did effective work
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 343 
 
 there in this connection by his eloquent and effective appeals to the people to aid 
 in that philanthropic and charitable work. Thence he returned to New York, and 
 soon after moved his family to Chicago, and has been here since, engaged in the 
 practice of his profession. 
 
 He has been engaged in the courts in important cases, with some of the ablest 
 men at the Chicago bar, and has proven the equal of the best. He is a forcible, 
 logical, fluent and impressive advocate, a sound and safe counselor. He is a 
 cousin of Hon. Henry Bellows, a distinguished lawyer and chief-justice of the 
 state of New Hampshire, since deceased. 
 
 JOHN M. H. BURGETT. 
 
 JOHN M. H. BURGETT is descended from old New England stock, and was 
 J born in Hartland, Vermont, April 28, 1850, the third son of Daniel A. and 
 Adeline Burgett, who moved to Illinois, in 1854. He received his primary educa- 
 tion at the high school at Lewiston, Illinois, and in 1868 went to the Michigan 
 University, at Ann Arbor, where he took the degree of Ph.B. in 1872. He at 
 once began the study of law in the office of R. B. Stevenson, in Lewiston, and 
 was admitted to the bar by the supreme court at Mount Vernon, Illinois, in June, 
 1875. In September, 1875, he settled in Chicago, and began the practice of law, 
 and April i, 1877, went into partnership with Abner Smith under the style of 
 Smith and Burgett. 
 
 EDWIN S. METCALF. 
 
 FEW men in any calling or profession have had more varied experiences than 
 the subject of this sketch. He was reared among the green hills of Vermont, 
 where pure air, mountain streams and a salubrious climate stimulate youthful 
 vigor. He is a son of Gilbert C. Metcalf and Elmira (Dewy) Metcalf, the latter 
 a daughter of Dr. Thomas Dewy. Both parents were of English descent. Edwin 
 S. was born March 25, 1842, in Washington, Orange county, Vermont. He entered 
 the high school at Rutland, Vermont, and in 1861 he enlisted and served for three 
 years in the Union army. He participated in the engagements around Harper's 
 Ferry, but was on detached duty during the greater portion of his term of ser- 
 vice, which expired in 1864. After he was mustered out he proceeded to La 
 Crosse, Wisconsin, where he remained but a few months, and then settled in 
 Boston, Massachusetts, and there pursued the study of music under Prof. B. F. 
 Baker. In 1867 he was supervisor of music in the public schools of Cambridge, 
 and while there was musical director of several church choirs. To further im- 
 prove his musical education he went to Europe in 1869, and settled in Leipsic. 
 He entered the university, and took a course in music, and graduated therefrom 
 at the end of two years, and received a diploma. In 1871 he went to Paris, where, 
 36
 
 344 THE BENCH AN & BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 April 22, he was married to Miss Ada Philbrook, of Boston, Massachusetts. From 
 Paris he went, by way of the Mediterranean, to Florence, where he remained 
 about one year, perfecting himself in music, and studying the Italian language. 
 In 1872 he returned to Boston, and was connected with Petersilea's music school. 
 During Gilmore's great musical jubilee of that year, Mr. Metcalf had the honor to 
 be one of the bouquet of artists, besides being conductor of several of the choir 
 societies. He removed to Salem, Massachusetts, in 1873, and opened a conserva- 
 tory of music, which he conducted until 1879. While at Salem he took an active 
 part in political matters, and was a delegate to the prohibition convention which 
 nominated Judge Pitman for governor. In 1878 he "took the stump" for Gen. 
 Butler, and was actively engaged in that campaign, speaking in one instance 
 twelve nights in succession. 
 
 For many years Mr. Metcalf had devoted his spare time to the study of law, 
 and upon his removal to Chicago, where, in 1879, he opened a school of music 
 and art, he entered the Union College of Law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 March, 1881, since which time he has been engaged in active practice. In former 
 days he was a contributor to many of the political and musical journals of the 
 East, and at one time he was editor and publisher of a musical edition called the 
 " Clarion." 
 
 JAMES H. FELCH. 
 
 THE history of him whose name heads this sketch fairly illustrates what may 
 be accomplished by perseverance combined with a clear intellect, in follow- 
 ing a determined purpose, even under adverse circumstances. The man who is 
 truly self-educated, who overcomes the obstacles that hamper him in his youth, 
 first by mastering the thorough preparatory course of study required to enter 
 eastern colleges; then the course of four long years in the study of science and 
 literature before graduation; then assiduously applying himself to the study of 
 his profession, until thoroughly prepared to pass an examination and gain admit- 
 tance to the bar, without pecuniary aid, shows more energy, power of self-denial, 
 and true manhood, than many display in accumulating a fortune or winning a 
 victory on the battle field. 
 
 James H. Felch is a native of Maine, and was born in Limerick, York county, 
 June 28, 1834, and is the son of John and Susan Felch. John Felch was of Welsh 
 descent, and a soldier in the war or 1812, and in the Aroostook war; he afterward 
 received a government pension for disability. The mother of our subject was a 
 sister of Gov. Felch, of Michigan. James prepared for college at Andover, Mas- 
 sachusetts, and entered Dartmouth College in the class of 1858. 
 
 He entered the employ of the United States government in 1856, as a surveyor, 
 at the head of Lake Superior, to assist in surveying the state of Minnesota. He 
 afterward went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and there assisted in surveying additions 
 to St. Paul and Minneapolis. He then went to Dunleith, Illinois, and taught
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 345 
 
 school four months; thence to Uubuque, Iowa, where he read law in the office of 
 Lowell, Adams and Lowell, and was admitted to the bar in that state in 1858. 
 Thence he went to Amboy, Illinois, and at once entered into the successful prac- 
 tice of the law, and continued there until the spring of 1860, when he removed to 
 Yorkville, Kendall county, Illinois. In 1869 he removed to Chicago, where his 
 health became impaired to such an extent that he did not entirely regain it until 
 the spring of 1882. 
 
 Mr. Felch is an able lawyer, well read in his profession, and discriminating in 
 his practice. He is an eloquent advocate, an excellent trial lawyer, and a good 
 counselor. With a keen sense of justice he is ever zealous for the best interests 
 of his clients, and maintains his views of the right with an energy that reflects 
 credit upon himself, and upholds the dignity of his profession. 
 
 He has a fine presence, is of medium height and commanding, with a broad, 
 intellectual forehead, and sharp, black eyes. A gentleman of refinement, he is 
 courteous and affable to all, and bears the impress of a liberal minded man. 
 
 He was married, January 12, 1871, to Mrs. F. M. Barclay, an estimable lady of 
 fine accomplishments. 
 
 In political sentiments Mr. Felch was a democrat up to 1876, since which time 
 he has been independent in his views. 
 
 THOMAS H. GAULT. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in the county of Antrim, Ireland, August 
 2, 1842, and is the son of John Gault, and Martha (Adams) Gault. John 
 Gault immigrated from Ireland in 1847, and lived in Monroe county, New York, 
 until 1852, when he removed with his family to Wisconsin, where the subject of 
 this sketch spent his youth and early manhood on a farm, receiving the rudi- 
 ments of his education in the schools of Waukesha county. August 15, 1862, he 
 entered the 28th regiment Wis. Vol. Inf., and went at once to the front. His first 
 battle was an engagement with the rebels under Gen. Bragg, near Hindman's 
 Station, in the vicinity of the boundary line between Tennessee and Mississippi. 
 He then returned to Columbus, Kentucky, and assisted in building a fort at that 
 place. His command was then ordered to Hickman, on the Mississippi River, 
 where an engagement was had with the enemy, which resulted in the taking of 
 six pieces of ordnance and a large amount of military stores by the Union forces. 
 Returning to Columbus, he remained there but three days, when he joined the 
 White River expedition under Gen. Steele at Helena. About five hundred rebel 
 prisoners were captured, with ordnance and munitions of war. They then fol- 
 lowed the enemy through Arkansas in search of the rebels, who were led by Mar- 
 maduke and Price. Mr. Gault was in the assault at Fort Pemberton and at 
 Vicksburg. He was in the battle at Marks' Mills, and at Helena, Arkansas, July 
 4, 1864. He was in the Alabama campaign under Gen. Canby, at the capture of
 
 346 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mobile and the battles of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley, where fifteen hundred 
 prisoners were taken. Mr. Gault was mustered out of service at Brownsville, Texas, 
 August 15, 1865, but he was about two months reaching his home in Wisconsin, 
 when his friends celebrated the event of his return. During his three years' ser- 
 vice, he was sick about six months, but the remainder of the term was able, and 
 at all times ready, to do service for his country as a brave soldier. 
 
 Soon after returning home, he began his literary course at Monmouth College 
 in Warren county, Illinois, and graduated from that institution in 1870. Three 
 years later, 1873, he graduated from the law department of the University of 
 Michigan, and was admitted to the bar in Illinois the same year. Forming a 
 partnership with A. M. Martin, he entered at once upon the practice of his pro- 
 fession. This partnership being dissolved, he continued the practice of law alone 
 until the formation of the present partnership with Hilfred N. Lowe in 1875. 
 Mr. Gault is a popular man among his professional brethren, and enjoys the rep- 
 utation of being a high-minded, honorable gentleman in the community where 
 he is best known, holding a high position socially. He is a good trial lawyer, 
 apt and ready ; he prepares his cases well. 
 
 Mr. Gault is a leading member and trustee of the United Presbyterian Church 
 of Chicago, also superintendent of the Sabbath school, and a member of the 
 church choir. In politics he is a staunch republican. He was married August 
 23, 1870, to Miss Mary E. Boyd, an estimable lady, daughter of McNair Boyd, of 
 Waukesha, Wisconsin. 
 
 BANNING AND BANNING. 
 
 THE members of this law firm are brothers and both natives of Illinois, and 
 were born in McDonough county. The elder, Ephraim, was born July 21, 
 1849, and the younger, Thomas A., January 16, 1851. They are the sons of the 
 late Ephraim and Louisa C. (Walker) Banning, their mother being a sister of 
 Judge Pinkney H. Walker, of the supreme court of Illinois. They were both 
 raised on a farm and enjoyed the benefits of a common-school and academical 
 education. Ephraim studied law in Missouri and Chicago nearly three years, and 
 was admitted to practice in Chicago in 1872. Thomas A. studied law in the 
 states of Missouri and Illinois, and was admitted to the bar in the latter state, 
 in September, 1875. He acted as assistant corporation counsel in Chicago, while 
 Judge T. Lyle Dickey held that office, for one and a half years. They have both 
 been actively engaged in practice in Chicago ever since they were admitted to 
 the bar, and have had an extensive practice for men of their age, with a reason- 
 able portion of important business. By reason of favorable decisions in cases in 
 which the brewers all over the United States were interested, and in litigation 
 involving the patents of certain agricultural machinery, the firm of Banning and 
 Banning as successful patent attorneys became widely known, to which fact was 
 in large measure due the rapid increase of their business. They give patent law
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 347 
 
 and patent litigation special attention, and rank among the first in this city in 
 that line of practice. They also have an office in New York in charge of Hubert 
 A. Banning, another brother, and one of the editors of " Banning and Ardens' 
 Patent Cases." They are both exemplary men and members of the Presbyterian 
 church, and are both republicans in political sentiments. 
 
 CURTIS H. REMY. 
 
 /~*URTIS H. REMY was born near Hope, in Bartholomew county, Indiana, 
 V^x April 29, 1852. His father, Allison C. Remy, is a descendant of an old 
 French family, and his mother is of German descent. His father was left wholly 
 dependent on himself at the age of ten years, and is entirely a self-made man, 
 and one of the most prominent citizens of Marion county, Indiana, where he now 
 resides. Mr. Remy was sent to Nazareth Hall School, in Pennsylvania, when 
 fourteen years of age, and afterward graduated from Transylvania College, at 
 Lexington, Kentucky, and from the law school there. Later he graduated from 
 the law department of the Northwestern University, at Indianapolis, Indiana. 
 He first read law, however, in the office of Judge Elliott, now of the supreme 
 bench of Indiana, and afterward with Gen. Thomas M. Browne, then United 
 States district attorney at Indianapolis. Mr. Remy practiced law at Indianapolis 
 from 1872 to 1876, when he removed to Chicago and opened an office. In the fall 
 of 1879 he associated with himself Judge J. C. Chumasero, then lately of Roches- 
 ter, New York, under the firm of Remy and Chumasero, a firm which existed 
 until May, 1882, when he became a member of the firm of Flower, Remy and 
 Gregory. Mr. Remy was married October 27, 1875, to Miss Fanny Wheeler, and 
 has one child. In politics he has always been a republican. 
 
 GARDNER G. WILLARD. 
 
 ARDNER GOODRICH WILLARD was born in Metamora, Illinois. From 
 V.JT 1857 until 1861 he attended Washington University, St. Louis. In the sum- 
 mer of 1862 he enlisted in the Chicago Mercantile Battery, and served until the 
 following spring. In 1865 he entered Harvard College, graduating in 1869. 
 From 1869 to 1870 he taught school in Cincinnati, meantime reading law, and 
 attending law lectures at the Cincinnati Law School. Returning to Chicago, he 
 continued his law studies at the Chicago Law School; graduated, and was ad- 
 mitted to the Illinois bar in 1871. At the time of the great fire he gave up the 
 law practice, begun immediately after admission, to assist his father, then in very 
 poor health, in arranging and settling the affairs of a large business, thrown into 
 great confusion by that event. In 1872 he became junior partner of the firm of 
 Willard, Bacon and Company, of Chicago, wholesale grocers, from which he 
 withdrew in 1874. In 1876 he resumed the practice of his profession, and has 
 been in continuous practice ever since.
 
 348 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Willard's father, P. H. Willard, a resident of this city since 1861, was born 
 in Lancaster, Massachusetts, and went from Lowell, Massachusetts, to St. Louis, 
 in 1835. He was a merchant, and when in active business was well and favora- 
 bly known through the northern Mississippi valley, and nearer western states. 
 His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Osgood Goodrich. She was born in 
 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and went from Pittsfield, Vermont, to St. Louis, in 1839. 
 She died in 1873. During the last twenty years of her life she was widely known 
 as a frequent and earnest writer for various journals and periodicals, and as the 
 author of several works in behalf of her sex, to the amelioration and advancement 
 of whose conditions these years were chiefly given. 
 
 Mr. Willard's first ancestors in the new world were, on his father's side, Maj. 
 Simon Willard, a Kentish soldier, who settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 
 1635, and who was for over thirty years a commander of the colonial militia dur- 
 ing the Indian troubles; on his mother's side, William Goodrich, who settled in 
 Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1639. 
 
 LUMAN ALLEN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Virginia, and was born November 6, 
 1845, on Greenwood Plantation, near Winchester, a place that has become 
 noted since the war of the rebellion on account of its becoming the property of 
 Byrd Washington. He is a son of Dr. Luman Allen, of Baltimore, Maryland, and 
 Alvernon (Greene) Allen, daughter of Dr. John Greene, of Virginia. Mr. Allen is a 
 direct lineal descendant of Gen. Ethan Allen, of Fort Ticonderoga fame, and of 
 Gen. Israel Putnam, of the revolution. He received his education in private schools 
 and academies in Virginia, taking a classical and scientific course, and modern 
 languages. Entertaining, with his father, strong Union sentiments, he left Vir- 
 ginia soon after the opening of the war of the rebellion, and enlisted in the 2d 
 regiment Ohio Vol. Inf., in 1862, but after a short term of service in Kentucky, he 
 was compelled to retire, greatly against his wishes, in consequence of being pros- 
 trated with camp fever. He entered the law office of Judge A. F. Perry, of Cin- 
 cinnati, a recent member of congress, and at the close of his legal studies was 
 admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Ohio. He was afterward admitted 
 to the bar of Illinois by the supreme court of that state, and has been enrolled in 
 several federal court districts. From April, 1869, to 1871 he was private secretary 
 to Hugh J. Jewett, at Columbus, Ohio, then president and director of a number 
 of railroad lines. In December, 1872, he moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he 
 engaged in the practice of railroad law. During the year 1873 he made an exten- 
 sive trip through the western territories, and returning to Cleveland in 1874, 
 became corporation attorney for several corporations, whose legal business was 
 of such magnitude as to wholly engross his time and abilities, to the exclusion of 
 all general practice. Mr. Allen is an able lawyer, and having established himself
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 349 
 
 in Chicago, expects to devote himself to the general practice of his profession. 
 He is a man of rich learning and literary tastes and habits, and the author of 
 several works, including an epic poem in heroic verse, entitled " The Sage of 
 Mentor," a work which was highly complimented at the time it was issued by the 
 press throughout the country. Our space forbids more than a brief quotation: 
 
 "A great assemblage met upon the shore 
 
 Of fair Columbia's fairest inland lake; 
 And there were gathered those who proudly wore 
 
 Fame's coronet, the Nation's laws who make, 
 Men of renown from every sov'reign state, 
 An august body to deliberate 
 
 On the vexed question of a ruling chief. 
 
 Judges these were, astute and learned, who sate 
 Observant, 'voiding every rock and reef; 
 
 Grave councilors, and wise in such debate : 
 A glittering roll, each name evoked acclaim, 
 A people's tribute paid to honest fame, 
 
 By each brief phalanx stood a blazoned shield, 
 
 Bearing a word of great or feeble power, 
 And sonorous thro' the rafter'd temple pealed 
 
 The potent speech of some great orator, 
 Urging the merits of his chosen chief, 
 With hands outspread to grasp the laurel leaf." 
 
 Mr. Allen has been a correspondent of the Cleveland " Leader " for many 
 years, and is known as " Pea Green." As a writer he is fluent, graceful and easy. 
 He is a well-read lawyer and a reliable counselor. Mr. Allen is married to Julia 
 (Ellis) Allen, of Cincinnati, who is descended from the family of Sir William 
 Hamilton, of England. Mrs. Allen is a lady of fine talents, education and refine- 
 ment, and was a conspicuous member of the Shakespeare Club, of Cincinnati. 
 They have one son, a bright boy of nine years. 
 
 CAPT. PLAYER MARTIN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch, a native of Nashville, Tennessee, was born in 1847, 
 and is the son of a prominent physician, Dr. R. C. K. Martin, of that city. 
 He was educated at Nashville University, but left that institution before com- 
 pleting his course, in 1861, and entered the confederate army as a lieutenant and 
 aide-de-camp to Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, under whom he served until Gen. Pillow 
 took charge of the conscript bureau. He then enlisted as a private in the pth 
 Tenn. Cavalry serving under Gen. Forrest, and soon rose to the rank of captain. 
 He was made adjutant of the regiment, in which capacity he served until the close 
 of the war. He was wounded while leading his men in the thickest of the fight at 
 Resaca, Georgia. He surrendered with Gen. Forrest at Gainesville, Alabama, and
 
 35O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 was paroled May 8, 1865. He then returned to Nashville and commenced the 
 study of the law in the office of D. T. Wilkin, and being admitted to the bar in 
 1869, immediately entered upon a successful career as a lawyer. He was elected 
 city attorney of Nashville in 1871, which position he filled with marked ability 
 for three years, giving universal satisfaction. 
 
 In 1874 Capt. Martin removed to Chicago, where he opened an office, and has 
 since devoted himself exclusively to his profession. He has secured quite a large 
 clientage, considering the length of time he has been in Chicago, and is laying 
 the foundation for a profitable business. 
 
 ABNER SMITH. 
 
 A5NER SMITH was born in Orange, Massachusetts, August 4, 1843, and is the 
 fourth son of Humphrey and Sophronia A. Smith. He was educated at 
 Middlebury College, Vermont, and graduated in 1866. After graduating he was 
 engaged as teacher in the Newton Academy, at Shoreham, Vermont, until 1867, 
 when he removed to Chicago, and entering the office of J. L. Stark, commenced 
 the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1868. He was married, Octo- 
 ber 5, 1869, to Miss Ada C., daughter of Sereno Smith, of Shoreham, Vermont. 
 Mr. Smith, though a republican, is rather inclined to be independent in politics. 
 He has taken no active part in political affairs, having devoted himself fully to 
 his profession, and as a consequence has been rewarded by a most satisfactory 
 success. 
 
 LORIN GRANT PRATT. 
 
 AS an example of self-reliant, independent and successful manhood, no one 
 1~\. deserves more honorable mention among the self-made men of Illinois than 
 the subject of this biography. He was a native of Chenango county, New York, 
 and was born near Binghamton, December 5, 1828, and was the son of John and 
 Clarrisa Pratt. As a boy he possessed undaunted courage, self-reliance and untir- 
 ing energy, and, with a native instinct for study, early developed a love for literary 
 pursuits. He attended the public schools of his native place, and although 
 deprived of the opportunity of pursuing a course of classical study in college, by 
 a faithful employment of his time he gained a practical knowledge of men and 
 books, which was, perhaps, of more real value to him in his active life. When 
 fifteen years of age he was thrown upon his own resources, and during the ensu- 
 ing five years turned his hand to various kinds of employment, devoting all his 
 spare hours to reading and study. His mind was early turned toward the legal 
 profession, by being brought into contact with such men as David S. Dickinson, 
 and other eminent lawyers of his native state, and he determined to fit himself 
 for its duties. With this purpose in view he, in 1848, removed to the West, and
 
 Will, am. iBi-NlT
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 353 
 
 settled at Peoria, Illinois, and there, in the office of J. K. Cooper, began studying 
 for the profession in which he afterward won most satisfactory success. Three 
 years later, in 1851, he was admitted to the bar, and forming a partnership with 
 William F. Bryant, immediately began the practice of his profession. This 
 partnership continued about one year, and during that time Mr. Pratt made the 
 acquaintance of Judge Norman H. Purple, an able lawyer and jurist of Peoria, 
 who was associated in business with a Mr. Sanger. Judge Purple being attracted 
 by the ability and lawyer-like qualities of the young attorney, proposed that he 
 become one of the firm, an offer which was accepted, and our subject became the 
 junior member of the firm of Purple, Sanger and Pratt. This relation continued 
 until 1857, and during that time the business of the firm was more extensive than 
 that of any law firm outside of Chicago doing business in the state. Mr. Pratt 
 was not possessed of a robust constitution, and close application to study and 
 work had so impaired his health that he was forced to abandon his profession for 
 a time, and devote himself to other employment. An opportunity soon opened: 
 Purchasing an interest in the Peoria Plow Works, he gave his attention to the 
 business of the concern, with Tobey and Anderson, until the opening of the 
 rebellion in 1861, when he bought out his partners, and became sole proprietor of 
 the business, and continued it until he had amassed a fortune of some $200,000. 
 It had been well if he had stopped there; but his ambition and enterprise prompt- 
 ed him to extend his business to other cities, which necessitated the association 
 of other partners, the result of which was the loss of a large part of his accumu- 
 lations. This occurred in 1871. It was at such a crisis that his true character 
 asserted itself. Although the management of his extensive enterprise had fallen 
 upon him, he had kept himself posted in matters pertaining to the law, carefully 
 watching the decisions of the supreme court, and being almost daily in the office 
 of Alexander McCoy, drawing bills in chancery and attending to matters pending 
 in court, so that he was thoroughly qualified to resume the practice of the pro- 
 fession to which he was devoted. Accordingly, in 1872, he removed to Chicago, 
 and became one of the well known firm of Harding, McCoy and Pratt. Three 
 years later, Geo. F. Harding withdrew from the business, which had become very 
 extensive, and the name of the firm changed to McCoy and Pratt, and so con- 
 tinued until Mr. Pratt's death, which occurred at Chicago, September 23, 1881. 
 
 At the time of his death Mr. Pratt had attained an enviable reputation as a 
 corporation lawyer. He had for some years been the general solicitor of the 
 Chicago, Pekin and Southwestern Railroad Company, and was frequently re- 
 tained as counsel in the most important railroad litigation by other railroads. 
 
 As a lawyer, Mr. Pratt was careful and conscientious, and honored his profes- 
 sion. Far-sighted and shrewd in the management of business matters, he pos- 
 sessed a high degree of honor, and in all his dealing was a man of uncompromising 
 integrity. He was a man of fixed principles and decided purpose, and as a 
 speaker possessed the happy faculty of saying the right thing at the right time, 
 and that, too, in a manner to carry conviction to those whom he addressed. 
 37
 
 354 rHE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Though strong in his likes and dislikes, and quick to resent a wrong, he was 
 a genial and social companion, and a true friend. 
 
 Mr. Pratt was married July 9, 1851, to Mary E. Ireson, daughter of E. A. 
 Ireson, a Methodist clergyman of Boston, Massachusetts, and Mary (Goodwin) 
 Ireson. In his home life and domestic relations Mr. Pratt was kind, gentle and 
 true, and .here were displayed many noble qualities of the man which were best 
 known by his nearest friends. Though never possessed of a strong and robust 
 constitution, he was a great worker, and by persistent effort, in the face of many 
 discouragements, pushed his way upward to an honorable position in his pro- 
 fession, making for himself a name that cannot but be respected by all who 
 knew him. 
 
 OWEN F. ALDIS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born at St. Albans, Vermont, June 6, 1852. 
 He was a son of Judge A. O. Aldis, of the supreme court of Vermont, and a 
 grandson of Chief-Justice Asa Aldis, of the supreme court of the same state. His 
 health not being good, he was unable to go to school regularly, and at the age of 
 thirteen went to Europe, hoping to gain strength in traveling. After remaining 
 abroad for six years he returned home, at the age of nineteen, much improved in 
 health, and having pursued a course of study privately, in 1871 entered the sopho- 
 more class at Yale College, and graduated in 1874. He then attended the Colum- 
 bian Law School for one year, and settled in Chicago in 1876. He was admitted 
 to the bar in the fall of the same year, and began practice. In 1880 Mr. Aldis 
 formed a partnership with A. F. Hatch, under the style of Hatch and Aldis, which 
 dissolved in the spring of 1883. He is a republican, but is not tied down to any 
 party lines. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM W. O'BRIEN. 
 
 WILLIAM W. O'BRIEN was born in Leitrim county, Ireland, May 22, 1834. 
 He received a national school education, and emigrated to the United 
 States in the spring of 1854. After traveling over many of the states of the 
 Union, he reached Peoria, Illinois, in the month of May of that year. In Sep- 
 tember, 1856, he entered the law office of Hon. C. C. Bonney, who was then in 
 the active practice of his profession in Peoria. He was admitted to the bar in 
 the winter of 1859, and soon thereafter commenced the practice of his profession, 
 with not only unusual but extraordinary success. He was elected city attorney 
 of Peoria in 1861, and reelected three different times. In the fall of 1862 he was 
 elected to the legislature of Illinois. He was twice nominated for congress by 
 the democracy in his own district. In 1868 he was unanimously nominated by 
 the democratic state convention for congressman from the state at large, as the 
 opponent of Gen. John A. Logan, and made a thorough canvas of the state; but
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 355 
 
 the republican majority in the state at that time was over 50,000, and while Mr. 
 O'Brien ran over 4,000 ahead of his ticket, yet of course he was defeated. 
 
 In the practice of his profession at Peoria, Mr. O'Brien's success was very 
 remarkable. He at once took a front rank as a lawyer at the bar, and in an 
 incredibly short time became famous as one of the most successful advocates in 
 the state. His practice extended throughout the states of Illinois, Iowa, Wiscon- 
 sin, Michigan and Indiana. In the fall of 1874, Mr. O'Brien moved from Peoria 
 to Chicago, where he has since resided, and continued to practice his profession. 
 His success in Chicago, and particularly in the trial of criminal cases, has been 
 simply remarkable. It is needless for us to state, where Mr. O'Brien is so well 
 known, that he has been engaged in very many, if not most, of the important 
 cases tried in Chicago during the past seven years. He has tried more capital 
 cases in the last fifteen years than any lawyer now living in the United States. 
 
 Blessed by nature with an excellent physical constitution, endowed with great 
 intellectual power, now in the prime of life, in robust health, with great expe- 
 rience, an indomitable will, and exhaustless mental resources, he has before him 
 a splendid career for future usefulness and honor. 
 
 JAMES LANE ALLEN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born near Lexington, Kentucky, in 1848, and 
 is the son of Albert Allen, a prominent breeder of Durham stock there. 
 He is a nephew of Hon. Mat. C. Johnson, a celebrated Kentucky lawyer, and 
 of the late ex-Gov. George W. Johnson. He received his primary education 
 in the schools of his native county, and was prepared for college by a private 
 tutor, and entered the sophomore class of Bethany College, Virginia, when only 
 sixteen years of age and graduated in 1867, at the early age of nineteen, taking 
 class honors and distinguishing himself in his examinations in a very marked 
 manner. Pres. James A. Garfield and Judge Jere. S. Black advising him to such a 
 course, Mr. Allen taught school for some years after graduation. His parents had 
 intended him for the ministry, but his own heart and mind were bent on the pro- 
 fession of the law. He was offered and accepted the position of principal of the 
 Williamsville Classical Institute, near Buffalo, New York, and remained there one 
 year. Subsequently he was called to Waukegan, Illinois, and was principal of the 
 high school for about two years. In the meantime Mr. Allen had been studying 
 law, principally with Judge H. W. Blodgett, of the United States court, and his 
 partner, Judge Upton. After leaving Waukegan, Mr. Allen went to Omaha, 
 Nebraska, where he was admitted to the bar and practiced about two years, dur- 
 ing which time he published "Allen's Hand Book of the Nebraska Code," which 
 was in general use at the time. In 1872 he settled in Chicago, and has, by his 
 brilliant qualities of mind and superior natural endowments, coupled with unre- 
 mitting energy, attention to business and unswerving integrity, raised himself to
 
 356 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 a prominent position at the bar. He has been, since his coming here, connected 
 with Hon. Thomas Hoyne, and also in partnership with Hon. Theodore H. 
 Shintz, ex-mayor of Chicago, but is now practicing alone and has achieved 
 many marked successes in practice. Mr. Allen is a member of the board of 
 directors of the public library, and very active and earnest in his efforts on behalf 
 of that growing institution. He is the originator of the grand and commend- 
 able scheme of erecting a magnificent memorial building as a monument of grati- 
 tude to the world for its generosity to Chicago at the time of the great fire, and 
 as a home for the public library, gallery of art, etc. The success of this scheme 
 is not yet assured, but will be in all probability in the near future.. 
 
 Mr. Allen is a gentlemen of refinement and culture and bears the impress of a 
 liberal education. He is courteous and kind in his intercourse with all, having a 
 fine presence, being over six feet high, well proportioned and graceful in his 
 movements. He has a well-shaped, intellectual forehead, with keen hazel eyes 
 and classic features. He sustains a character for strict honesty and personal 
 integrity, which he has inherited from his ancestry. He is known as an able and 
 finished orator, and those who have heard him repeatedly pronounce him a most 
 accomplished and fertile speaker. 
 
 He was married, December 29, 1870, to Miss Josephine A. Fenkell, a lady of 
 refinement and culture, with excellent attainments and marked beauty. They 
 have one child living Arabella Lane. 
 
 HENRY W. WOLSELEY. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born November 3, 1849, in Liverpool, England, 
 and is of a distinguished family. His father, Rev. R. W. Wolseley, who 
 is now rector of a parish in London, is a first cousin of Gen. Sir Garnet Wolse- 
 ley, of the British army, and a grandson of Sir Clement Wolseley, who distin- 
 guished himself at the battle of the Boyne, in Ireland, and was created a baronet 
 by King William III for his services to the country. 
 
 Mr. Wolseley's education was chiefly received at St. Peter's College, York, 
 England, but when only fourteen years of age he went to sea, chiefly with a view 
 to the recovery of his health. Finding a seafaring life agreed with him, and also 
 from love thereof, he determined to study seamanship and the science of navi- 
 gation, sailing for years in vessels engaged in the China tea trade. By industry 
 and study and close attention to his work he secured promotion, and at the early 
 age of twenty was first mate on board a vessel plying between Boston and the 
 Cape of Good Hope. In 1871, being then twenty-one years of age, Mr. Wolseley 
 gave up sailing, and, removing to Chicago, went into the office of Perkins and 
 Truman, and began the study of law. He was admitted to practice in the 
 supreme court at Mount Vernon, Illinois, in June 1874, and at once commenced the 
 practice of his profession, to which he has since devoted his entire attention. By
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 357 
 
 his study, industry and integrity he has gained the confidence and esteem of his 
 clients and the members of the bar, and his success in business committed to his 
 charge proves that such confidence and esteem are well deserved. He is a repub- 
 lican, and although he has never held or sought a political office, still he takes an 
 active interest in the success of his party. 
 
 Mr. Wolseley was married January 15, 1880, to Miss Ella Williams, of Lincoln, 
 Nebraska, and has one child, a daughter. 
 
 FREDERICK WILKINSON. 
 
 FREDERICK WILKINSON is a native of England, and was born at Birming- 
 ham, August 15, 1836. He is the son of William and Hannah (Woodbridge) 
 Wilkinson. He immigrated at an early age to this country, and received his edu- 
 cation in the common schools, Michigan University, and in Kalamazoo College, 
 Michigan, and graduated from that institution in 1857. With a view of entering the 
 ministry he studied theology in the Kalamazoo Theological Seminary, and com- 
 pleted his course in that institution in 1860. In the spring of that year he went to 
 the Rocky mountains, and was elected a delegate-at-large to the Nebraska legisla- 
 ture which convened at Omaha, and in the councils of which he took front rank. 
 In the fall of 1861 he was appointed on a committee to draw the boundary lines of 
 what is now the state of Colorado, and on the report of this committee a memo- 
 rial and petition was sent to congress which resulted in the enactment of the law 
 under which a territorial government for Colorado was established. In the spring 
 of 1861 Mr. Wilkinson returned to Michigan and was married to Miss Amanda M. 
 Cahill, intending to return to Colorado immediately after his marriage, as he had 
 accumulated quite a handsome property in that territory. His plans, however, 
 were changed by the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, and responding to 
 a sense of duty and patriotism, he abandoned cherished plans, bid adieu to his 
 young bride, and enlisted as a private in Co. K, zd regiment Mich. Vol. Inf. His 
 regiment was immediately ordered to the front, and he took part in the battles of 
 Bull Run, Yorktown, Williamsburgh, Seven Pines, seven days' battle before Rich- 
 mond under Gen. McClellan, Malvern Hill, the second battle of Bull Run and 
 Fredericksburgh. His regiment was then ordered to Newport News, whence, 
 after doing guard duty several weeks, it was ordered to Kentucky for the purpose 
 of checking the movements of Gen. Morgan and his band of marauders. After 
 driving them out of Kentucky his regiment was ordered to Vicksburg, where he 
 participated in the siege of that stronghold and witnessed its surrender. In the 
 meantime he had been promoted through the different grades of non-commis- 
 sioned officers, and in 1862, just before the battle of Fredericksburgh, he was com- 
 missioned second lieutenant. At Bailey's Cross Roads, near the city of Washing- 
 ton, while on picket, he was severely wounded in the head, the shot carrying 
 away his hat and laying open his scalp. After his wound was dressed he refused
 
 358 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 to remain with the wounded, as advised by the surgeon in charge, but heroically 
 marched to the front and participated in all of the engagements of his valiant 
 regiment. Upon the surrender of Vicksburg, such was his disability hernia, pro- 
 duced by excessive marching that he was compelled, greatly against his wishes, 
 to resign his commission and return to civil life. After regaining his health, 
 he commenced studying law in the office of Stewart and Edwards, of Kalamazoo, 
 Michigan, and after completing his preparatory legal studies removed to St. John's, 
 Clinton county, Michigan, when he was admitted to the bar, and immediately 
 entered upon the practice of his profession. 
 
 He came to Chicago during the great fire of 1871, for the purpose of visiting 
 his brother-in-law, Edward Cahill, who had been burned out. Being pleased 
 with the city and the superior business advantages which it offered, he decided to 
 make it his home, and accordingly formed a partnership with his brother-in-law 
 and C. Worden Dean, under the style of Cahill, Dean and Wilkinson. Afterward 
 Mr. Dean retired, and the business was continued under the firm name of Cahill 
 and Wilkinson. Finally Mr. Cahill returned to Michigan, and Mr. Wilkinson has 
 continued the business, a general practice of the law, ever since. 
 
 Mr. Wilkinson is an ardent republican, and being a ready and effective speaker, 
 while a resident of Michigan, became noted as a stirring stump orator. He is a 
 member of the F.A.A.M. and of Burnside Post, No. 109, G.A.R., South Chicago, 
 and president of the Citizens' League of Hyde Park and vice-president of the 
 Citizens' Association. He is a member of the Baptist church, and an earnest 
 Christian and Sunday school worker. 
 
 JOHN H. HAMLINE. 
 
 JOHN HENRY HAMLINE is a grandson of Bishop Hamline, of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, who was prominently identified with the separation of the 
 churches north and south in 1844. Leo P. Hamline, father of our subject, was a 
 physician, but his son chose the profession of law, which his grandfather had 
 chosen and practiced before entering the church. He was born in Schenectady, 
 New York, March 23, 1856. He received his primary education in the public 
 schools of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, to which place his parents had moved shortly after 
 his birth, and where they remained until 1865, when they removed to Evanston, 
 Illinois. There he prepared for college, entering the preparatory school in 1868, 
 and seven years later, in 1875, graduated from the Northwestern University with 
 the degree of A.B. He then commenced the study of law in the Columbia College 
 Law School of New York, where he graduated in 1877. He was immediately 
 admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Illinois, and at once entered on the 
 practice of his profession. In the spring of 1880, Mr. Hamline was elected attor- 
 ney of the village of Evanston, and now (1883) holds that position, having been 
 elected annually ever since. In the spring of 1882 he revised and compiled the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 359 
 
 village ordinances. Besides acting as counsel for said village, he is actively 
 engaged in general practice in this city. He is a young man of sterling quali- 
 ties, energetic, ambitious and faithful, and as a lawyer, is thoroughly devoted to 
 his profession. He is a clear thinker, rich in scholarship and independent in 
 all he does, and gives every promise of a most successful professional career. 
 
 He was married May 19, 1880, to Miss Josephine Mead, a daughter of Henry 
 Mead, of Norwich, New York. They have one child a daughter. 
 
 LOUIS SHISSLER. 
 
 f OUIS SHISSLER was born on June 30, A.D. 1834, in Wilmington, Delaware. 
 
 1 j With his parents he came to Galena, Illinois, in the spring of 1841, and 
 attended the public schools of that city until 1849. In November, 1849, he 
 entered the Western Military Institute, then located at Georgetown, Kentucky, 
 and remained with it on its change to Blue Lick Springs and to Drennon Springs, 
 Kentucky. He graduated in June, 1853, with the degrees of A.B. and L.L.B., 
 having studied law during his senior year in college in the law department, then 
 presided over by Hon. Thomas B. Monroe, judge of the United States district 
 court. In September, 1853, he entered Harvard University, and graduated in the 
 law department in June, 1854. He pursued his legal studies at Harvard University 
 in 1855 and also in the office of Sohier and Welch, in Boston, in 1856. In Janu- 
 ary, 1857, he returned to Galena, Illinois, commenced the practice of law and 
 continued in active practice until November, 1881, when he removed to Chicago, 
 and is now engaged in the practice of his profession in this city. In 1866 he was 
 elected mayor of the city of Galena, and was reelected in 1867. After filling 
 that office during two terms, he declined a reelection. On June 25, 1861, he 
 married Rose Porter, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, daughter of the late Gov. 
 George B. Porter, of Michigan. 
 
 DAVID K. PRENTICE. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Genesee county, New York, and was 
 born August i, 1854, the son of John and Sarah (Randall) Prentice. David 
 K. -faithfully improved the advantages afforded by the common schools of his 
 native town, and at an early age entered Le Roy Academical Institute, where he 
 attended eight years, making great proficiency in all of his studies, in the mean- 
 time employing his vacations in teaching. He studied law in the office of Ran- 
 dolph Ballard, of Le Roy, New York, and was admitted to the bar. A part of 
 the following year he spent in the office of the late Hon. Matt H. Carpenter, at 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and there, under the example of that great man, became 
 more thoroughly than ever impressed with the idea that success at the bar depends
 
 360 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 greatly upon a thorough preparation of cases for trial. Mr. Prentice is a close 
 student, a careful observer, and has a clear, strong mind, capable of grasping and 
 retaining a subject, and gives fair promise of becoming profoundly learned in the 
 law. After leaving Milwaukee, he went to Washington, Kansas, and was elected 
 city attorney, and practiced there with excellent success for about a year, after 
 which he settled in Chicago and associated himself in business with his present 
 partner, Henry L. Rexford. Mr. Prentice is a good trial lawyer, is careful and 
 conscientious in his practice, and maintains the confidence of his clients, and the 
 respect and esteem of his professional brethren. 
 
 GEORGE W. STANFORD. 
 
 EORGE WILSON STANFORD was born February 21, 1833, at Wheeler, 
 Steuben county, state of New York, the son of Charles and Jerusha (Chad- 
 wick) Stanford. His father was a farmer of good standing and reputation in his 
 county. George W., at an early age, had to do what many other leading mem- 
 bers of the profession did, work hard on the farm and secure what education was 
 attainable in the interims of a busy farming life, by attending the best schools in 
 the neighborhood. This he availed himself of to its fullest extent, and laid the 
 groundwork of a thorough and sound education, which shows the results now 
 while in the prime of his manhood and professional career. At the age of twenty- 
 one he quitted farm life, and went into a more systematical and thorough train- 
 ing for the profession he had chosen for his life work. In 1854 he went to St. 
 Paul and commenced the study of law with a noted practitioner at that time, 
 and now one of the justices of the supreme court, remaining one year. Re- 
 moving thence to Kenosha, he entered the law office of Orson S. Head, contin- 
 uing with him till June, 1856, at which time he was admitted, and then came to 
 Chicago and commenced practice on his own account. At the end of two years 
 he formed a partnership with Jasper D. Ward, since member of congress from 
 Chicago. This continued till 1876, when Mr. Ward removed to Colorado. This 
 period of Mr. Stanford's life was a remarkably busy one, the practice of the firm 
 assuming large proportions. Since that time he has continued his practice alone, 
 and is now reaping the reward of his early active work. 
 
 In 1869 Mr. Stanford was elected president of West Chicago Park Commis- 
 sioners Board at its organization, and continued as such till his resignation in 1877, 
 and conducted all the litigation of the park commissioners during that time, with 
 marked success. Mr. Stanford has stuck very close to his work, never having 
 been far from it, twice to California on professional business being about his 
 most extended travel. 
 
 He is a republican in politics, but is not a strong partisan, and does not take 
 any active position beyond voting for his party. Mr. Stanford has been twice 
 married, first in 1857, to Martha P. Allen, of Herkimer county, New York, and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 361 
 
 again in 1870 to Lydia C. Avery. He is a man of fine presence, looking some- 
 what older than he really is, standing six feet high, and is of a most amiable and 
 pleasing disposition, greatly esteemed for his social qualities, conversational pow- 
 ers and all that goes to make up the true gentleman. In his professional life, he 
 is no less thought of. His abilities and strict conscientious principles have won 
 for him the respect and admiration of all classes with whom he is brought into 
 contact in his profession. 
 
 WILLIAM MILLS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Detroit, Michigan, November 7, 1840, 
 the son of William Mills. He was educated at Goderich, Canada, and 
 removing to Chicago in 1871, was that year admitted to the bar of Illinois. He 
 soon acquired a flourishing business, which, however, was suddenly terminated 
 by his death, of small-pox, which occurred May 23, 1882. Mr. Mills was a person 
 of cheerful disposition, fond of company, companionship and good cheer, and 
 always contributed his share to the enjoyment of every occasion. He was a 
 warm-hearted, true friend and a kind husband, and made many friends in his 
 social intercourse. His wife is a daughter of the late Daid Swaney, of Pres- 
 ton, Iowa, a gentleman who, during his lifetime, was honored and respected by 
 all who knew him. He was one of the pioneers of Iowa, and the whole commu- 
 nity mourn his loss. 
 
 HON. W. B. CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in western Pennsylvania, June n, 1838. 
 His father. Hon. Joseph Cunningham, was one of the judges of the court of 
 common pleas of that state. He was educated by funds earned by himself by teach- 
 ing school. When commencing the practice of law in his native town, Newcastle, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1861, the war broke out, and he enlisted in the service and 
 served in the Army of the Cumberland until 1864. At the close of the war he 
 settled in Tennessee, but remained there only one year, when he removed to the 
 state of Mississippi. On November 3, 1865, he engaged in cotton planting, in 
 which business he is still to some extent engaged. 
 
 He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1868, that formed the 
 present constitution of Mississippi, and was presidential elector for the state at 
 large twice, during the last Grant and Hayes campaigns. He has been an active 
 republican since his boyhood. He was twice elected to the legislature of Missis- 
 sippi, and while serving his second term was elected judge of the probate court 
 of Madison county. Having served one term in that capacity, he was elected 
 judge of the circuit court, in which position he served six years, presiding with 
 great ability and fairness, giving universal satisfaction, and justly gaining the 
 '38
 
 362 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 reputation 'of being a judge who could hold the scales of justice with an even 
 hand. 
 
 He is well posted in- statute law, and is familiar with all of the leading cases 
 heretofore decided in the state and' federal courts, and is familiar with all of the 
 rules of practice in the several courts. Judge Cunningham is a gentleman of 
 culture and refinement. He is courteous -and obliging, and wins many friends by 
 his urbane. manners. As a lawyer he stands high, and has established an. exten- 
 sive practice. He is an eloquent advocate, having fine descriptive powers, a cool 
 judgment and an analytic mind. As a citizen, all respect and honor him for his. 
 manly, honorable and upright dealing. He has been a member of the Presbyte- 
 rian church in good standing, and an active Sabbath-school worker. 
 
 W. H. RICHARDSON. 
 
 WILLIAM H. RICHARDSON was born near Buffalo, New York, about the 
 year 1840, and was educated at Andover and Harvard, Massachusetts. At 
 the breaking out of the war in 1861 he entered the army, but was subsequently 
 compelled to retire on account of illness. Having partially recovered his health, 
 he removed to Chicago in December 1861, and commenced reading law in the 
 office of Knox, Eustace and Reed, and was admitted to the bar in 1863. Judge 
 . Eustace in the meantime, having removed to Dixon, Illinois, and Gen. Knox hav- 
 ing been appointed state's attorney by Gov. Yates, Mr. Richardson, who remained 
 with Knox and Reed, necessarily had to look after most of their civil business. 
 About the year 1865 Gen. Knox's term of office expired, and on account of his 
 advanced years he determined to retire from the further practice of his profession, 
 and'ehjoy the rest he had so richly earned. Mr. Reed'was elected his successor, 
 and at once formed a partnership with Mr. Richardson, which continued for sev- 
 eral years, and as all of Mr. Reed's attention was engrossed in criminal busfness, 
 Mr. Richardson naturally found himself at once in the midst of a very extensive 
 civil law practice, which has ever since remained with him, and to which immense 
 additions have constantly been made, so that it is entirely within bounds to say, 
 that to-day he has as large and lucrative a clientage as any lawyer in Chicago. 
 Mr. Richardson is a most indefatigable worker, and while his ability is far above 
 the average, his success is largely due to the fact that he never gets discouraged, 
 or seems to have learned the meaning of the word failure; in fact it sometimes 
 seems as if he works harder and to better advantage in the face of what, to others, 
 would seem sure defeat. He is a man of wonderful resources, and preeminently 
 practical, and has the happy faculty of utilizing all of his forces, and at a 
 moment's notice. HeiS'* close observer of men and reads them, like an open 
 book; this faculty coupled with an extensive acquaintance, and knowledge of the 
 peculiarities of. so large a number of Chicagoans, often gives him a great advan- 
 tage, his friends seem to be just as numerous as his acquaintances, and the last 
 

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 363 
 
 time he ran for a municipal office, even his political opponents were only nomi- 
 nally so, for they took as active a part in his reelection as did those of his own 
 political faith, and his election was almost unanimous. .Several years ago Mr. 
 Richardson found himself drawn into a most extensive criminal practice, in 
 which line he was wonderfully successful, and his reputation as a criminal lawyer 
 was second to none, but finding this bra/ich of the law was requiring so much of 
 his time that he must either drop it or his civil practice, he decided to^ retain the 
 latter, and for several years has had little to do in defending criminals. Mr. 
 Richardson's success is indeed well deserved, for his reliability and fidelity to his 
 clients can never be questioned, his ability, industry and generous disposition 
 could not help but make him popular, and the cherished and appreciated friend 
 of all who are so fortunate as to know him. He seems to prefer office work, and 
 his cautious conscientiousness .and thorough investigation -ever get his clients 
 into useless litigation, and they seem to have learned this, for th,ey never hesitate 
 to follow his advice implicitly, and experience has taught them they may well do 
 so, but when occasion requires, and the courts must be resorted to, no honorable 
 expedient is overlooked which .may in any way tend to success. His clients well 
 know that nothing will be left undone, and that their matters are in the hands of 
 one who requires no prompting or instructions, that their case will be thoroughly 
 understood, prepared and tried. 
 
 Mr. Richardson was married in 1872, to Miss Barnard, daughter of R. H. Bar- 
 nard, of Genesee county, New York. They have one child, a daughter. 
 
 He is a member of the Episcopal church, and in politics is a staunch republi- 
 can, and at one time took considerable active interest therein, but latterly has 
 preferred attending more closely to his profession. Mr. Richardson is a member 
 of the ^asonic order, and also of the Knights .of Pythias, in both of which socie- 
 ties he has attained to the -highest eminence possible, and is universally esteemed 
 by the brotherhood. 
 
 J. B: THOMAS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is preeminently a self-made man. He is a native 
 of Ohio, and was born in Drake county, June 29, 1848, and is the son of 
 John Thomas and Abigail (Carter) Thomas. His opportunities for an education 
 were limited. He commenced his education "in an old log school-house, and 
 spent many a night in clearing, studying his books by the light of the blazing 
 fires. His father settled near Union City, Ohio, near the western boundary of 
 the -state, when the country was a howling wilderness; when the scream of the 
 panther and the crack of hunters' rifles were familiar to the ears of the dwellers 
 in these forests. But J. T5. Thomas was a youth who overcame difficulties. Per- 
 severing, he sought and found private teachers who instructed him in a classic 
 and scientific course, and being quick of apprehension, he soon became efficient 
 in the branches which at first seemed bevond his reach. As soon as he was able
 
 364 T H R BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 to do so, he followed school teaching for a short time, and soon gained the dis- 
 tinction of being one of the best educators in that part of the country. He 
 commenced the study of law at eighteen years of age, with Judges Allen and 
 Meeker, of Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in Ohio and Indiana in 1869, enter- 
 ing at once upon the practice of his profession in Union City, Ohio. He prac- 
 ticed in the courts of Indiana and Ohio with good success until January, 1873, 
 when he removed to Chicago and resumed his profession. He was appointed to 
 the office of police magistrate at the Union Stock Yards, April 10, 1879, for one 
 year, and gave good satisfaction, and was afterward elected to the same office for 
 a term of four years. The office, though one of responsibility, is one to which 
 Mr. Thomas is peculiarly adapted. A lawyer with -quick perception and steady 
 understanding, he is at the same time a man, generous, sympathetic and open- 
 hearted, and while maintaining the dignity of his office, "tempers justice with 
 mercy," and holds the scales of justice with an even hand. He was married Feb- 
 ruary 16, 1870, to Miss Mattie Hall, of Springfield, Ohio. 
 
 HON. HENRY S. AUSTIN. 
 
 HENRY SEYMOUR AUSTIN, a native of Otego, Otsego county, New York, 
 was born August 29, 181 1, the son of Thaddeus R. Austin, and Bethiah (Fair- 
 man) Austin. He traces his paternal ancestry back to Anthony Austin, one of 
 the earliest settlers of Suffield, Connecticut. In " Rees' Cyclopaedia," an old Eng- 
 lish work, the genealogy of the family is traced back to the sixth century, when 
 the name was changed from Augustin to Austin. The coat of arms, brought from 
 England by Anthony Austin, and bearing the motto " Dens regnat" is now in pos- 
 session of the subject of this sketch. His mother had three brothers, engravers; 
 one of whom, Col. Gideon Fairman, of the well known firm of Fairman, Draper, 
 Underwood and Company, was considered in his day, fifty years ago, the best 
 engraver in the United States, and for many years engraved for the Bank of 
 England. 
 
 In the year 1810 the parents of our subject settled in Otsego county, New 
 York, and there, during a period of over forty years, the father was engaged in a 
 successful and extensive mercantile business, and in his long business career never 
 allowed a note to go to protest. He was universally esteemed as an upright, hon- 
 orable, intelligent man. Kind, indulgent and charitable, he was never known to 
 take advantage of another's necessity, and the poor, the unfortunate, the dis- 
 tressed, always found in him a true friend. He died in 1852, at the age of seventy- 
 five years. After his death the mother of our subject removed to Milwaukee, 
 Wisconsin, where she resided with her daughter, Mrs. H. A. Nichols, and died in 
 1865, in her eighty-fourth year. 
 
 Henry received his preparatory education at Hamilton' Academy, in Madison 
 county, New York, and in 1831 graduated from Union College, Schenectady, then
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 367 
 
 under the charge of Dr. Nott. After graduating, he began the study of law with 
 James Clapp, of Oxford; he afterward studied with Charles P. Kirkland and 
 Judge Bacon, of Utica, and in July, 1834, was admitted to the bar in New York, 
 and began practice in Otsego county. Desiring a wider field of operation, and 
 drawn by the inducements which it offered to young men, he removed to the West 
 in 1835, and settled at Farmington, Fulton county, Illinois. 
 
 Two years later he was appointed agent of the Des Moines Land Company, 
 which owned most of the half-breed land in southern Iowa, upon which the old 
 Fort Des Moines was located, when the troops left in June 1837. Here, in addi- 
 tion to his other duties, Mr. Austin was appointed postmaster, and also held the 
 fort and supplies for the Sac and Fox Indians until they were removed up the 
 Des Moines river. As agent of the Des Moines Land Company, composed of 
 Hon. Edward C. Delavan, of Albany, George P. Shipman, William E. Lee, Sam- 
 uel P. Marsh and others, of New York, he laid out the town of Montrose, upon 
 the site of Fort Des Moines, at the head of the rapids, and Keokuk, at the foot of 
 the rapids, on the Mississippi. 
 
 In May, 1837, he was married to Miss Mary Aiken, of Peoria, Illinois, and in 
 1839, in consequence of her declining health, was induced to leave Iowa; and 
 returning to Farmington, Illinois, again engaged in his profession, and also for 
 many years acted as civil magistrate. 
 
 His legal practice was general in its character, and he became widely known 
 as a skillful and successful attorney, and in 1847 was elected by the citizens of 
 Fulton county to the general assembly of the state. Removing to Peoria in 1852, 
 he there continued the practice of his profession until 1866, when he removed to 
 Chicago, his present home, having in the meantime represented Peoria county in 
 the state legislature. 
 
 Politically, Mr. Austin was formerly a democrat; but at the opening of the 
 civil war in 1861, believing that party was giving aid and comfort to the enemy, 
 he abandoned it, and has since been a hearty supporter of the republican party. 
 
 During the years 1861 and 1862 he was grand master of the Independent Order 
 of Odd-Fellows of this state (Illinois), and previous to that time was grand repre- 
 sentative in the Grand Lodge of the United States. While performing his duties 
 as grand master he was often called upon to exercise the iron hand of power, but 
 was always fortunate in having his acts and decisions sustained by the Grand 
 Lodge of the state, and the Grand Lodge of the United States. He has also 
 taken a prominent stand in the Masonic order, having for several years, in Chi- 
 cago, held the office of grand master of the Lodge of Perfection, in the A. and A. 
 S. rite. He has made the subjects of Odd-Fellowship and Masonry a careful 
 study, and many of his addresses and lectures on these and other subjects have 
 been published. 
 
 In his religious communion Mr. Austin is identified with the Episcopal church, 
 and was for twenty years a representative in the Episcopal conventions of Illinois. 
 
 As a business man he is methodical, careful, prudent, and conscientiously
 
 368 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 prompt in keeping his engagements and business contracts. He has aspired to 
 the name of an honest, honorable, upright man, and the best evidence of his suc- 
 cess is the universal esteem in which he is held. 
 
 Generous and liberal, he has lost thousands of dollars in assisting those who 
 won his confidence only to betray him, and yet by industry, economy and fair 
 dealing has accumulated an ample fortune, and lives now in the enjoyment of a 
 happy home. 
 
 His first wife having died, he in 1840 married Miss Catherine J. Barnard, for- 
 merly of Troy, New York, a graduate of Madam Willard's Seminary. They had 
 three sons and one daughter, of whom two sons graduated from Union College 
 in the class of 1863. The second son died in 1878. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was one of the first appointees under the constitu- 
 tion of 1870, of the state of Illinois, to the office of justice of the peace, of the city 
 of Chicago, and served for four years in said office, and then declined to petition 
 for reappointment. He was universally considered a just, upright and compe- 
 tent judge, doing exact justice in every case, without prejudice, fear or favor. 
 
 WILLIAM W. STEWART. 
 
 W r ILLIAM WALLACE STEWART was among the earlier members of the 
 Chicago bar. He is the son of Capt. Alanson C. Stewart and Sabrina 
 (Wallace) Stewart, and was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, December 14, 1827. 
 Capt. Stewart was one of the earliest pioneers of the West, and was identified with 
 nearly all of the early internal improvement works of New York, Pennsylvania, 
 Michigan and Illinois. He was with his elder brother, Gen. Hart L. Stewart, 
 building the tunnel of the canal, which leads into Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and 
 known as the Allegheny Tunnel, and was living on the banks of that canal when 
 his son William Wallace was born. In the fall of 1829 our subject with his father's 
 family, settled on a large farm at White Pigeon Prairie, St. Joseph's county, Mich- 
 igan, which his father and Gen. Stewart had entered with other lands in that 
 county. Owing to the continued absence of Capt. Stewart from home while con- 
 structing the Illinois and Michigan canal, young Stewart was left at the early age 
 of twelve years to look after the affairs at home. He assumed the care of the 
 farm and family of his parents, and managed all to the entire satisfaction of the 
 family, and to the universal approbation of his farming neighbors and friends. 
 Thus he continued on the old farm, attending the winter terms of the district 
 school, held in the red school house, located on the west end of his father's farm, 
 until he was eighteen years of age. When the state university of Michigan had 
 established a branch of its school in White Pigeon village, under the direction of 
 Rev. Charles Newberry and Prof. Gray, he attended two terms of that school, and 
 one term under the direction and tuition of Rev. Jonathan Chaplin, who succeeded 
 Profs. Newberry and Gray.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 369 
 
 In 1844 and 1845 young Stewart, with the assistance of his father, who was a 
 prominent and official member of the Methodist Episcopal church, procured a 
 scholarship in the Methodist Episcopal school, located at Albion, Michigan, and 
 attended there six months, defraying his own expenses with money realized from 
 the sale of produce which he himself worked to raise. He commenced a thorough 
 classical course of study, and at the end of the term was fully prepared to enter 
 the University of Michigan. Among his classmates at Albion, were Prof. L. R. 
 Fisk, Gen. C. B. Fisk, Seymour Egleston, Col. Babcock, James Crippen, Theo- 
 dore Doty and Prof. Crane, all celebrated men. Mr. Stewart was very desirous 
 of taking a complete collegiate course at Ann Arbor, including a course in the law 
 department. But accepting an advantageous offer from his uncle, Gen. Hart L. 
 Stewart, who was at that time postmaster at Chicago, he removed thither, and 
 attended to the duties of assistant to the postmaster for about three years. In the 
 meantime his father had removed his family to New Buffalo, near the head of Lake 
 Michigan, where he was engaged in building the Michigan Central railroad to 
 Michigan City, on its destined way to Chicago. The occasion of his first visit to 
 the new home of the family was rendered extremely painful and sad by reason of 
 the death of a dearly beloved sister, Sarah Sabrina, and the severe illness of his 
 brother, Hart L. and mother, who were suffering from the malarial diseases 
 which were incident to that new place. Several weeks were passed at home, and 
 Mr. Stewart informed his father that he had decided to adopt the profession 
 of the law. Having saved about $400 while in the postoffice, he deposited the 
 same with his uncle, Gen. Stewart, to be used as he should need from time to 
 time in the prosecution of his studies. 
 
 From 1849 to 1852 Mr. Stewart was the clerk and law student of Chancelor 
 J. H. Collins, and of the later firm of Collins and Williams (the last named was 
 Judge E. S. Williams), and from these distinguished and profound lawyers 
 he received his instruction in the science and practice of the law. Having been 
 examined in 1852 by Col. R. J. Hamilton and Judges Buckner S. Morris and 
 Grant Goodrich, he was by them recommended as a worthy, competent can- 
 didate for legal honors. He was admitted to the bar of Illinois, Hon. J. D. 
 Caton, chief-justice of Illinois, affixing his name to the young attorney's commis- 
 sion. He also received a commission about that time as one of the five notaries 
 of Cook county. He at once opened an office in Chicago, and, although clients 
 came slowly, had an abundance of business as a notary, for the banks, bankers, 
 and land speculators of the growing city increased rapidly, which occupied nearly 
 all of his time and attention for the succeeding ten years, to the exclusion of 
 active practice in his profession. 
 
 In 1853 Mr. Stewart was married to Miss Angeline Stewart, of Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania, only daughter of Francis L. Stewart and Sarah Ann (Davis) Stew- 
 art, one of the oldest families of that city. The fruit of this union has been five 
 children, two of whom, Clarence and Isabel!, died in early youth in Chicago 
 William Francis, Charles Watson and Grace still survive.
 
 370 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 In 1863, upon the death of Henry A. Clark, of Chicago, Mr. Stewart was des- 
 ignated as trustee for Sanger, Camp and Company, contractors for and the owners 
 of the early Ohio and Mississippi railroad, running from St. Louis to Vincennes, 
 and was put in charge of the lands and town property often or twelve towns along 
 the line of that road which had become the property of the contractors during its 
 construction. 
 
 In politics Mr. Stewart was a Douglas democrat, and upon the breaking out of 
 the civil war he adhered to the principles of his friend, Senator Douglas, as pro- 
 claimed from the platform, when he had made his name and fame perpetual by 
 the declaration of ardent and enduring love for the democratic republican gov- 
 ernment and union of states, and his startling announcement " that the quickest 
 road to peace was by the most stupendous preparations for war." Mr. Stewart 
 was found an active supporter of the war, and was known and recognized as a 
 war democrat through all that trying period. 
 
 About this time he became somewhat actively interested in real estate matters, 
 and during the years from 1863 to 1868, was of great assistance to his friends and 
 clients, in negotiating sales and exchanges of large landed interests, in Illinois, 
 West Virginia, and other states. Having become personally interested in 
 realty in southern Illinois, and having in some measure impaired his health by 
 too close and long continued office labors, he, in June, 1867, moved his family to 
 Flora, a pretty town on the Ohio and Mississippi railroad, and was associated in 
 the practice of the law with Hon. Aaron Shaw, of Olney, Illinois, each residing 
 in different counties, and attending courts in the counties of Clay, Richland, Law- 
 rence and Wayne, where he was greatly benefited by his experience in varied 
 methods of professional business, and also in his health, by change of climate. 
 
 Immediately after the great fire of 1871, by reason of his parents' death, Mr. 
 Stewart returned to Chicago, and as executor, assisted in settling their estates. 
 He also determined to remove his family back to the city so that he could the 
 better educate his children. From 1873 to 1876 he resided near the schools of 
 Evanston and the city, in the beautiful suburb of Wilmette, on the shore of Lake 
 Michigan. 
 
 In 1876 he changed his place of residence to Oakland, just south of the city 
 limits, in the village of Hyde Park, and continued the practice of the law. By 
 reason of the varied and imperative demands which the changes of residence, 
 locations and trusts have imposed upon Mr. Stewart, he was not allowed to 
 devote his time and talents to any particular branch of the profession. He was 
 always regarded by his friends and clients as well versed in the elements and 
 principles of the science, a ready and impressive speaker, a cautious and careful 
 adviser and counselor, and prompt in the disposition of business in hand, and as 
 a man cordial, genial and affable. He has commended himself to a large circle 
 of friends and acquaintances in Chicago and its suburbs, who recognize in him a 
 worthy citizen, and an honest, upright lawyer, a cultured, genial gentleman, and 
 Christian man.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 371 
 
 Since his residence in Hyde Park he has taken an active part in the public- 
 affairs of the village, and in all matters of public interest and progress. In the 
 spring of 1882 and for several years prior thereto, Mr. Stewart was actively- 
 identified with the citizens' association of the village, in all of its efforts for the 
 establishment of reform and economy in the public methods and service, and for 
 the development and improvement of Hyde Park and its surroundings. In recog- 
 nition of his services and his fitness for the position, Mr. Stewart was elected pros- 
 ecuting attorney for Hyde Park in April, 1882, which position he now holds; his 
 residence being in Pullman. 
 
 CHARLES E. POPE. 
 
 S E. POPE was born in Saline, Michigan, August u, 1847. His 
 great-grandfather, Edward Pope, was judge of the court of common pleas 
 of Massachusetts, and was collector of the port of New Bedford, Massachusetts, 
 during Washington's administration. His grandfather, Thomas Pope, settled in 
 Washington county, Michigan, about the year 1837, removing there from New 
 Bedford, to which latter place he returned at the close of his life. His father, 
 George G. Pope, settled in Chicago about 1858. The family is descended from 
 an old Plymouth Rock family, who came to that place about the year 1631, and 
 a member of which afterward moved to New Bedford, from whom the New 
 Bedford branch of the family sprung. Mr. Pope received his primary education 
 at Newport, Rhode Island, and in 1865 entered Harvard University, where he 
 graduated in 1869. He then returned to Chicago, and studied law with W. E. 
 Furness, and was admitted to the bar in June 1871, and began practice at once. 
 He was elected village clerk and comptroller of the village of Hyde Park in 1873, 
 and held that office two years. In politics Mr. Pope is independent in his views 
 and actions. He is a member of the firm of McCoy, Pope and McCoy, consisting 
 of Alexander McCoy, Charles E. Pope and Charles B. McCoy. 
 
 AUSTIN A. CANAVAN. 
 
 AUSTIN A. CANAVAN was born November 5, 1850, in Philadelphia, and is 
 the son of Anthony Canavan, formerly a wholesale grocer in that city, but 
 who removed in 1859 to Illinois, where he has been engaged principally in stock 
 raising. Mr. Canavan was educated at St. Viator's College, in Kankakee county, 
 Illinois, being four years a pupil, and afterward a " pupil teacher" in that institu- 
 tion until he graduated in June, 1874. He then entered the Yale College Law 
 School, and graduated with honors of the class of 1876, and was admitted to the 
 bar of Connecticut. Returning to Chicago, he began practice in September of 
 that year, and has continued the same uninterruptedly since. By strict attention 
 39
 
 372 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and devotion to his profession, he has succeeded in building up a large and lucra- 
 tive practice, and is one of the few prominent Irish Catholic lawyers in Chicago, 
 He is attorney for Kankakee county in the suit concerning their liability on rail- 
 road bonds in a case where the road was not constructed as per charter. In De- 
 cember, 1881, he married Miss Emma Valliguette, of Chicago. Although a young 
 man, his professional career has been eminently successful, and with his fine 
 native abilities, learning and devotion to his chosen profession, is destined to 
 take a high stand among its leading and honored members. 
 
 GEN. ROBERT W. SMITH. 
 
 THE subject of this biography was born in Hanoverton, Ohio, September 4, 
 1824, the son of P. W. Smith, a farmer who entered the land on which this 
 subject was born, and lived on the same fifty-four years, and paid for the land by 
 teaching winters and making brick summers, and received a patent therefor 
 signed by James Madison, President of the United States. The subject of this 
 sketch entered Williams College in 1846, supported himself by teaching during 
 vacation, and graduated therefrom with high honors in 1850. He afterward 
 entered the office of Luther Day, at Ravenna, Ohio, as a law student, and 
 made rapid progress in the rudiments of his profession. He was a friend of the 
 late lamented President James A. Garfield, who was a youth at that time pre- 
 paring to enter college. He remarked to Mr. Smith at one time, in the office of 
 Mr. Day, that he wished to go to Bethany, a college under the control of his relig- 
 ious sect (the Disciples). Mr. Smith replied that Bethany was a young college, 
 and it might die at any time, and that he had better attend an established insti- 
 tution with a reputation, and at the same time furnished him with a catalogue of 
 Williams College. Young Garfield acted upon his suggestion, and wrote to Dr. 
 Hopkins, the president of that institution, who responded in happy terms, and 
 the embryo president became a student there. Who can say that the advice of Mr. 
 Smith given at the right time was not effectual in giving a turn to the life of James 
 A. Garfield that materially influenced his future career? After completing his 
 legal course, Mr. Smith was admitted to the Ohio bar by the supreme court in 
 bane at Columbus, in January 1853. He then removed to Rock Island, Illinois, 
 and commenced the practice of the law with excellent success. He was soon 
 elected to numerous municipal offices, and in the fall of 1860 was nominated on 
 the republican ticket to represent Henry, Rock Island and Mercer counties in the 
 legislature, and ran four hundred votes ahead of Abraham Lincoln, and was 
 elected. He was a very influential member, whose judgment was considered sound 
 in all matters of importance, and whose advice was often asked by his associates 
 when intricate subjects were up for consideration. He gave his time and atten- 
 tion to the interests of his constituents, and was of great value to the state, and 
 particularly to the district which he represented.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of-' CHICAGO. 373 
 
 Immediately after the adjournment of the legislature he removed to Chicago 
 and entered at once upon the practice of the law, doing a large business. In 
 the spring of 1862, Mr. Smith entered the United States service, in the i6th regi- 
 ment 111. Vol. Cavalry, as lieutenant-colonel. In the fall of 1864, for meritorious 
 conduct, he was promoted to the rank of colonel, and March n, 1865, was breveted 
 brigadier-general. He was at the siege of Knoxville, East Tennessee, and par- 
 ticipated in the battles that followed up the Virginia valley and was in all of the 
 engagements in Gen. Sherman's Atlanta campaign, and also was in all of the 
 engagements in Gen. George H. Thomas' Nashville campaign. He was mustered 
 out of service in August, 1865. Gen. Smith was an efficient officer, always lead- 
 ing his men in the thickest of the fight. No braver man ever faced a foe than 
 Gen. R. W. Smith. His orders, though mildly given, were always obeyed, and 
 he was held in high esteem by the men of his command. 
 
 Since leaving the army, Gen. Smith has been in the general practice of the 
 law in Chicago, in which he has been eminently successful. He has a first-class 
 common law and chancery practice and an excellent clientage. As a counselor, 
 he is learned, able, safe and reliable. He is a gentleman of refinement and taste; 
 is courteous and obliging, and sustains a high reputation for honor, uprightness 
 and true manhood. He is of fine presence six feet high, with an erect carriage; 
 weighs two hundred and ten pounds and is well proportioned; has a well shaped 
 head, covered with a luxuriant growth of hair, which was once dark brown, but 
 is now somewhat silvered. His eyes are blue and his features of a classic mould. 
 He is the Worshipful Master of the Oriental Lodge of Masons and a member of 
 La Fayette Chapter. 
 
 He was married to Miss Mary B. Wilson, of Salem, Ohio, a noble lady, of fine 
 education, very charitable, and beloved by all who knew her. They had three 
 children, two of whom survive her. 
 
 EDWIN K. SMITH. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a self-made, prosperous member of the 
 Chicago bar, who, by diligence, perseverance and close attention to busi- 
 ness, has been both rewarded in a pecuniary sense and gained the reputation of 
 being a man of strict integrity, who loves to be upright, that he may reap the 
 rewards of an approving conscience, for, notwithstanding he has accumulated a 
 handsome property for a man of his age in the practice of the law, yet he can 
 truthfully say that he has never wrongfully taken from any person a dollar. 
 
 Edwin K. Smith was born June 22, 1852, at Somerville, Somerset county, New 
 Jersey, and is the son of Hulet and Margaret (Cramer) Smith. The paternal 
 ancestors of our subject immigrated to this country in the Colidonia. Both of 
 his grandfathers were soldiers in the revolutionary war. Edwin was educated in 
 Marengo, Illinois, and graduated from the high school in that place. He studied
 
 374 
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 law with Hon. Ira R. Curtis, of Marengo, Illinois, and was admitted to the bar 
 in January 1877. He served in the capacity of first assistant circuit clerk in 
 McHenry county, Illinois, about one year. 
 
 He commenced the practice of the law in Chicago in 1878 by himself, and 
 thus continued about eighteen months, when he formed a partnership with Col. 
 Robert Rae, a prominent admiralty lawyer, well known in Chicago and other 
 commercial cities. Mr. Smith is a well read lawyer, especially in real estate law. 
 He is an eloquent and very successful advocate, and must some day occupy a 
 high position at the bar. 
 
 He married Miss Lillian E. Pratt, a lady of fine attainments, with great skill 
 as a musician and artist. He has one child, Helen E. Smith. 
 
 EDWARD R. WOODLE. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Janesville, Wisconsin, March 8, 1853, 
 and is the son of the late Isaac Woodle, a well known lawyer of that city. 
 After completing his preliminary education, he pursued a course of study at Racine 
 College, graduating from that institution in 1873, and in the year following com- 
 menced the study of the law, entering Madison University. He graduated there- 
 from in 1875. He then went to New York city and engaged in business, but 
 returned to Chicago at the end of six months, and entering the office of Isham 
 and Lincoln, remained there two years. He then entered into the employment 
 of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, in the law department, in the office of 
 B. F. Ayer, general solicitor. In political sentiments, Mr. Woodle is a liberal 
 republican, and in religion a liberal Episcopalian. He is a thorough lawyer, per- 
 severing in research of authorities, and for a young man succeeds well in the 
 trial of cases. He is honorable, upright and trustworthy, and has justly earned the 
 reputation of being a man of much promise. 
 
 PHILIP BARNARD. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Chicago, December 12, 1852, and is 
 the son of Martin and Elizabeth M. (Wernrick) Bernhardt. He was educated 
 in private schools in Chicago, and afterward entered Cornell University, at Ithaca, 
 New York, and graduated therefrom in 1878. He then studied law and was 
 admitted to the bar of Illinois, March 16, 1881, and at once commenced the practice 
 of his profession. Mr. Barnard is a thoroughly self-made man. When a boy he 
 learned the art of wood engraving, and being compelled to rely upon his own 
 efforts to support himself in college, turned his knowledge and skill in that art to 
 good account, and found it a source of considerable profit and a great help in 
 pursuing his studies. He was married September 4, 1879, to Miss Hattie E.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 375 
 
 Chapin, by whom he has two children. Mrs. Barnard is an estimable lady, of 
 refinement and culture, and traces her paternal genealogy back to the Pilgrim 
 fathers, who came to this country in the Mayflower in 1620. In political senti- 
 ments, Mr. Barnard is an independent republican. As a lawyer, he is energetic 
 and persevering, and has met with good success in whatever he has undertaken in 
 his profession. He is careful and reflective, a constant student, and is known as 
 an honorable, courteous and dignified gentleman. While in college Mr. Barnard 
 was honored with an election to the Psi Upsilon Fraternity. 
 
 CHARLES B. HOSMER. 
 
 /~*HARLES B. HOSMER was born in Columbia, Connecticut, in 1812, and 
 >^> was the son of Stephen Hosmer, a very active merchant of that place. He 
 entered Yale College, and was graduated in 1838; having begun the study of law 
 concurrently with his literary course, under the direction of Silas Mix, of New 
 Haven. He soon after graduating from college went to Syracuse, New York, and 
 studied under Gen. Jas. R. Lawrence, and in the fall of 1839 removed to Chicago, 
 where he was admitted to the bar. Removing to Naperville, Du Page county, in 
 the fall of 1839, he practiced his profession there until the fall of 1848. He then 
 returned to Chicago, and began practice there, and the following year entered into 
 partnership with Ebenezer Peck, which continued until 1861, when Mr. Peck was 
 appointed judge of the court of claims in Washington. Mr. Hosmer then prac- 
 ticed alone about ten years, but is now, and has been since 1871, in partnership 
 with his son, E. D. Hosmer. Their business is largely confined to real estate and 
 loans. 
 
 MICHAEL J. DUNNE. 
 
 MICHAEL J. DUNNE was born in Tully, Kildare county, Ireland, October 
 2, 1839. His father, William Dunne, a native of Queen's county, was a 
 person of considerable property, and was held in high esteem for his honorable 
 and upright conduct through life, and filled many local positions of trust and 
 honor. In consequence of disastrous losses in business, and from a desire to 
 escape the oppressions under which his native land was groaning, in the year 
 1850 he immigrated to the New World, with a view of retrieving his fortunes 
 and of opening a wider and freer field in life for his children. Undeterred by 
 the difficulties to be encountered in a new state, he settled in the same year in 
 Chicago, then in its infancy, and engaged in the brewing business. He and his 
 surviving children sustained an irreparable loss in the death of his wife, a most 
 estimable lady, and a loving wife and mother, and also four children who were 
 stricken by the hand of death in the summer of 1850. He survived her many
 
 3/6 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 years, and died in Elgin, Illinois, in 1879, at the ripe and honored age of eighty- 
 six years. 
 
 Michael received the rudiments of a good education, at the University of St. 
 Mary of the Lake, in Chicago, and in 1854 removed to Elgin, where he commenced 
 the study of the law, and completed his studies in the office of Irvin and Snow- 
 hook, in Chicago. 
 
 On his admission to the bar in 1861, he engaged in practice in Elgin, and was 
 soon afterward elected city attorney of that city, but animated by the martial 
 ardor that filled the hearts of the patriotic people of the North, he abandoned his 
 books and briefs, and enlisted in the 6pth regiment 111. Vols., then aided in raising a 
 company for the 1415! regiment, III. Vols., and subsequently another for the i53d 
 regiment; in the two latter of which regiments he held the rank of first lieutenant, 
 and remained in the military service until the close of the war of the rebellion. 
 During the last year of his service he acted as assistant inspector-general on the 
 staff of Maj.-Gen. R. W. Johnson, who commanded the district of middle Tennes- 
 see. At the termination of the war he resumed the practice of his profession, in 
 Chicago, and has acquired a reputation as a well read and successful lawyer, and 
 a fair and honorable practitioner, and enjoys a lucrative and growing practice. 
 
 In youth Mr. Dunne was very fond of reading, and eager to learn what the 
 books, in every branch of literature, contained, and his studious habits did not 
 cease with youth. Besides, he was a close observer of men and things, and as a 
 consequence gained a large fund of practical knowledge, that he employs for the 
 benefit of himself and his clients. 
 
 M. J. Dunne was, in his youth, a warm admirer of Stephen A. Douglas, and 
 following his teaching on the question of the supremacy of the constitution, was 
 a war democrat, and has since been a consistent and staunch democrat, but, not 
 prejudiced in his partizanship, is always willing to acknowledge the good quali- 
 ties and principles of his political opponents. 
 
 In 1874 he was elected representative of the fifth senatorial district, in the 
 Illinois legislature, and was chairman of the committee on rivers and canals, and 
 was an earnest advocate of the improvement of the canal and Illinois river, so as 
 to enlarge their capacity as a water way for the transportation of our grain pro- 
 ducts to eastern markets. 
 
 The democrats of his district renominated and elected him as their represen- 
 tative in 1876, and he took an active part in the famous senatorial contest which 
 culminated in the defeat of Gen. J. A. Logan, and the election of Judge David 
 Davis to the United States senate. In 1878 he was nominated for the state sen- 
 ate, but in the general defeat that overwhelmed the democracy in his county in 
 that year, he was defeated. 
 
 Mayor Harrison appointed Mr. Dunne in the spring of 1880, a member of the 
 board of education, in which body he until lately held the position of vice president; 
 and during his membership he has manifested a warm and zealous interest in the 
 progress and success of our common-school system, and in all educational matters.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 377 
 
 The great fire of 1871, which desolated so many homes, and destroyed so 
 many hopes, prevented Mr. Dunne from fulfilling a matrimonial engagement, 
 which he had contracted, and designed to consummate the following month. But 
 undaunted by that casualty, in which he suffered a considerable loss for a young 
 man, he only allowed his happiness to be delayed a few months, and on June 3, 
 1872, he was married at Montreal, to a refined and accomplished lady of that city, 
 Ellen, daughter of James McShane, an old and respected resident. They have 
 three children. 
 
 AZEL F. HATCH. 
 
 AZEL F. HATCH was born September 6, 1848, in Lisle, Du Page county, 
 Illinois, the son of James C. Hatch. He received his primary education at 
 the public schools in Lisle, and in 1867 entered Oberlin College, Ohio, where he 
 studied until the year 1870, when he entered the senior class of Yale University, 
 and graduated in 1871. He was then appointed principal of the high school at 
 Sheboygan, Wisconsin, where he remained one year. Settling in Chicago in 1872, 
 he entered the office of Shorey and Norton, and began the study of law. Two 
 years later, in September, 1874, he was admitted to the bar, and in December fol- 
 lowing began the practice of his profession. During the first years of his practice 
 he was associated with Norton and Hulburd, under the style of Norton, Hulburd 
 and Hatch, but in 1880 formed, in connection with O. F. Aldis, the firm of 
 Hatch and Aldis recently dissolved. He is now practicing alone. 
 
 Mr. Hatch, though not a partisan, is a republican in political sentiment; he 
 however takes no active interest in politics, more than to perform his duties as a 
 citizen, being devoted to his profession. 
 
 He was married in 1880, to Grace H. Greene of Lisle, Illinois. 
 
 RUDOLPH D. HUSZAGH. 
 
 RUDOLPH D. HUSZAGH was born in New York city, August 30, 1854, the 
 oldest son of Julius G. and Elizabeth Huszagh, the former of Hungarian and 
 the latter of German descent. His father always placed a high value upon educa- 
 tion, and early sent Rudolph to school. Until his thirteenth year, he attended the 
 public schools of Brooklyn and New York, and then was sent to a military academy 
 at Nazareth, Pennsylvania. He afterward attended the Bryant and Stratton Busi- 
 ness College at Brooklyn. At the age of seventeen, he entered the employ of a 
 treasurer and secretary of several Michigan copper mining companies as book- 
 keeper, where he remained until the spring of 1873, when he removed with his 
 father's family to Chicago, where he shortly after entered the employ of a whole- 
 sale grocery house. A mercantile life not suiting his tastes, he went into the real 
 estate business, and thereby necessarily being drawn into the company of lawyers,
 
 378 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and obtaining occasional glimpses of litigation, he imbibed a strong love for the 
 legal profession, and finally, in 1875, decided to become a lawyer, and in the fall 
 of 1877 he entered the Union College of Law of Chicago, and graduated from 
 that institution in 1879, receiving a prize for an essay on a legal topic delivered 
 before the graduating class. June 14, 1879, he became a member of the bar, 
 and at once entered into active practice. Having made many friends while in the 
 real estate business, and being conversant with the German as well as his native 
 tongue, he met with immediate and unusual success. 
 
 His religious views are very liberal. During the Garfield campaign he was 
 president of a young men's republican club in Chicago. As a speaker, Mr. Hus- 
 zagh has a ready command of language, and seldom fails to impress his listeners 
 by his earnest and dignified address, and with his scholarly attainments, and clear 
 perception of legal questions, and keen appreciation of professional honor, 
 together with his native energy and business tact, cannot but take a high stand- 
 ing at the bar. 
 
 JOSIAH H. BISSELL. 
 
 JOSIAH H. BISSELL was born June i, 1845, in the city of Rochester, New 
 York, his family being for many generations of well known New England 
 lineage. His father, Col. Josiah W. Bissell, served with distinction in the rebellion 
 as colonel of engineers in the West, and was prominent in the capture of Island 
 No. 10, in the Mississippi river, April 7, 1862. His mother was a daughter of 
 Horace Hooker, of Rochester, New York. Josiah was prepared for college at 
 Rochester, entering the University in September 1861. In the following year he 
 left college, and accepted a position as lieutenant in the engineer regiment of the 
 West, and was engaged in most of the engineering operations of the army until 
 after the fall of Vicksburg. He had the satisfaction of being engaged in plant- 
 ing the first battery ever erected against that stronghold, and afterward of 
 engineering a fortification which withstood the attacks of Forrest's division when 
 they reentered Tennessee. He then resigned and entered the same class at Yale 
 College, graduating in 1865, and delivering the second oration at commencement. 
 Having selected the law as his future profession, he became a student in the office 
 of Hon. H. R. Selden, of Rochester, ex-judge of the court of appeals, and who 
 has ever since been his personal friend. In December, 1867, he was admitted to 
 the bar, and immediately entered upon a successful career as a lawyer in that 
 city. He removed to Chicago in January, 1869, where he still continues his pro- 
 fessional duties. 
 
 He is a lawyer of great promise, being very adroit in the management of 
 cases, and has a power and quickness of repartee, and an ability to avail himself 
 of emergencies, that are singularly effective in his clients' interests. Whenever 
 he presents a case to the court he is always prepared with the authorities which 
 support the legal propositions involved. He has a sincerity of manner that wields

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 381 
 
 a most effective power. He is fluent, lucid, luminous and logical, while for true 
 manhood and exemplary conduct no man stands higher. In July, 1870, he was 
 appointed by Hon. David Davis and Hon. Thomas Drummond the official reporter 
 for the United States circuit and district courts for the seventh judicial circuit, 
 embracing the states of Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin. He has published ten 
 volumes of these reports, many of the cases being accompanied with foot-notes 
 and references, which give them an additional value. His acquaintance with 
 chancery and real estate law led to his engagement by leading law publishers to 
 write a work on partition, a subject with which he is specially conversant. Aside 
 from his legal attainments, Mr. Bissell has traveled extensively, both in this coun- 
 try and in Europe, and has an extensive knowledge of scientific and literary sub- 
 jects, and for many years he has contributed largely to that class of publications. 
 His articles, and also his papers before literary and philosophical societies, have 
 received high encomiums, and he is rapidly gaining celebrity as a writer of great 
 merit. 
 
 WILLIAM J. DONLIN. 
 
 WILLIAM J. DONLIN is the son of John H. Donlin, of Chicago, and was 
 born here, March n, 1859. He was educated at St. Ignatius College, 
 Chicago, and after being graduated in 1877, commenced the study of law in the 
 office of Monroe, Bisbee and Ball. He was admitted to the bar in June, 1880, 
 but continued his studies in the office of Rae and Smith until December, 1881, 
 when he went to New Mexico. Mr. Donlin opened an office in Raton, New Mex- 
 ico, but practiced there only about six months, when he returned to Chicago. 
 He has formed a partnership with Frederick S. Baker under the name of Baker 
 & Donlin, and is engaged in the practice of his chosen profession. 
 
 WILLIAM A. MONTGOMERY. 
 
 WILLIAM A. MONTGOMERY inherits his tastes for the legal profession, 
 his father, John R. Montgomery, having been an old and leading lawyer 
 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and his grandfather, also, a lawyer of considerable 
 eminence. He was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, June 21, 1838, and his early 
 education was received at Washington College in his native state. In 1856, Mr. 
 Montgomery left Washington College, and entering the senior class of Beloit 
 College graduated in 1857. He at once began the study of law in the law 
 school of Louisville, Kentucky, and remained there one year, when he returned 
 to Wisconsin and completed his studies in the office of the late Judge Hopkins, 
 of Madison, who was afterward judge of the United States district court. Hav- 
 ing been admitted to the bar in Madison, in the spring of 1860, Mr. Montgomery 
 removed to Chicago, but had been practicing his profession but a short time when 
 40
 
 382 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the war broke out, and he entered the i5th Wis. infantry, in which he rose to the 
 rank of captain, and participated in all the principal engagements of the Army of 
 of the Cumberland, to which his regiment belonged, until he was mustered out in 
 1865. He then returned to Chicago and resumed the practice of law, and was for 
 some time a member of the firm of Wilson, Martin and Montgomery, and later of 
 Montgomery and Waterman, but is now and for a number of years has been 
 alone. In politics Mr. Montgomery is a republican, but has devoted his life prin- 
 cipally to his profession, and has had his share of success. 
 
 HENRY T. HELM. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a very able lawyer. A native of Tennessee, he 
 was born in Carter county, May 4, 1830. He is a son of John C. Helm, an 
 eminent physician, who was widely known and highly respected during his life- 
 time, in east Tennessee and in the state of Indiana. He was a native of Virginia, 
 and a relative of Hon. John L. Helm, ex-governor of Kentucky. The mother of 
 our subject was Amy Hampton, a daughter of Capt. John Hampton, who served 
 in the regiment of east Tennessee, and took a prominent part in the battle of 
 Horse-Shoe Neck, under Gen. Andrew Jackson. The paternal grandfather of 
 our subject was a teacher of considerable renown, while his uncles and cousins 
 are all physicians. 
 
 Henry T. lived in Tennessee until five years of age, and then removed with 
 his parents to Ohio, where he lived until he was fourteen. He then removed to 
 Miami Reserve, and lived among the Indians until twenty years of age. He 
 entered Miami University, and graduated from that institution with the highest 
 honors in the class of 1853. He studied law with Hon. John U. Pettit, ex-judge 
 and member of congress, and removed to Chicago in 1854, and was there admit- 
 ted to the Illinois bar, and entered at once upon the practice of his profession, 
 forming a partnership with George K. Clark, under the firm name of Helm and 
 Clark. The business of the firm increased to large proportions in a very short 
 time, exceeding that of any other firm of lawyers then doing business in Chicago, 
 in the number of cases. Mr. Helm was successively associated with E. S. Taylor, 
 A. M. Pence, Hon. Kirk Hawes, Walter Howland and John L. Manning, under 
 the following firm names: Helm, Taylor and Pence; Helm and Hawes; Helm 
 and Howland ; Helm and Manning. 
 
 Mr. Helm is a man of great energy, activity and industry, who never shrinks 
 from any duty, however arduous, His name often appears in the Illinois Reports, 
 his briefs being always elaborate and carefully prepared. He is especially able 
 as an advocate, either before the court or jury, being quick of apprehension, and 
 having a rare power of analysis and a ready flow of words. Mr. Helm has a fine 
 presence, being tall and commanding, but kind and courteous, and a gentleman 
 of culture and refinement. He has a large circle of friends, who admire him for
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 383 
 
 his manly honor, truthfulness and intellectual endowments. Of late he has given 
 almost his entire attention to mining matters, but at the same time is connected 
 with important chancery cases in different states of the Union. In political sen- 
 timents Mr. Helm is a democrat, and was one of the presidential electors on the 
 McClellan ticket in 1864. 
 
 He is an elder in the Eighth Presbyterian Church, of Chicago, and was a 
 member of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, held in Buffalo, 
 New York, in 1881, and was placed on the committee of foreign missions, being 
 an active worker in all matters tending to advance the interests of the church 
 and its members. Mr. Helm was married, in 1856, to Miss Julia F. Lathrop, of 
 Oxford, Ohio, a lady of fine accomplishments, highly educated, being a graduate 
 of Oxford, Ohio, Female Seminary. She is a member of the Woman's Presbyte- 
 rian Board of Missions for the Northwest, and President of the Illinois Synod. 
 They have two sons and three daughters. One son, Lynn Helm, is an able and 
 prominent lawyer, of Chicago; the other, Scott Helm, is a graduate of Rush 
 Medical College of great promise, only twenty-one years of age, who by peculiar 
 native gifts and education, seems destined to maintain the medical reputation, 
 which is already very high in the Helm family. 
 
 JOHN J. McCLELLAN. 
 
 ONE of the most successful commercial lawyers in Chicago is John J. Mc- 
 Clellan, of the law firm of McClellan and Cummins. He was born in Living- 
 ston, Columbia county, New York, September 5, 1833. His father, a physician, is 
 of Scotch extraction; his mother, whose maiden name was Catharine Garner, was 
 of Dutch descent, and her ancestors settled in Columbia county in 1793, an ances- 
 try combining the qualities of two sturdy and vigorous peoples, both character- 
 ized by intelligence, good common sense, energy and sagacity. John J. spent his 
 youth in school in Columbia county until 1845, when the family removed to 
 Kenosha county, Wisconsin, where his father practiced his profession and 
 improved a large farm. He took a deep interest in the political and material 
 interests of the then new commonwealth; was member of the first constitutional 
 convention of Wisconsin, and prominently identified with the framing of the con- 
 stitution; was subsequently elected to the state senate. John J. worked on the 
 farm, attending school during the intervals of labor, until seventeen years of age, 
 when he entered a higher school in Kenosha, where he remained two years, prior 
 to commencing the study of law, in the office of E. W. Evans, then a prominent 
 lawyer in Kenosha, and late of the Chicago bar. In 1855 he entered the law 
 department of the Albany University, graduating in 1856, and was admitted to 
 the bar and commenced practice in the fall of the same year, in Oconto, in north- 
 ern Wisconsin, and did a successful business in that then newly settled country. 
 In the spring of 1857 he was elected district attorney, under a new county organ-
 
 384 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ization, and by successive reelections, continued to hold that office until January 
 1862, when he was appointed assistant attorney general of Wisconsin, under Hon. 
 James H. Howe, attorney general, and afterward, under Mr. Howe's successor, 
 Winfield Smith, and was acknowledged by all parties to be an efficient and able 
 officer in that capacity. In March 1863, he resigned this office and moved to 
 Racine and resumed the practice of his profession. In May 1864, he was 
 appointed, by President Lincoln, assistant quartermaster of volunteers, with rank 
 of captain, and placed in charge of Johnson's Island, Tallahassee, Florida, and 
 other posts; remained in this service until 1866, when he left it with a clean balance 
 sheet and a record which evidenced faithful and honorable service. He then 
 settled in Chicago, and resumed the practice of the law; first taking charge of 
 the legal affairs of the great dry goods house of J. V. Farwell and Company; sub- 
 sequently he engaged in general practice (though largely in the department of 
 commercial law) with different associates, with a success almost unexampled in 
 Chicago. He has so continued in practice until a few months ago when he organ- 
 ized the firm of McClellan and Cummins, which is engaged in general practice, and 
 is strong, reliable and responsible. It was said of him by a well known judge who 
 had known him intimately, and before whom he had had many important cases: 
 " He has an active, vigorous mind, an accurate and extensive knowledge of law; 
 patient and persistent industry, and is the soul of honor." This is a brief but 
 truthful summary of his character and qualities, which all who know him can 
 verify. He has been successful, won success by force of his native and acquired 
 abilities, his energy, integrity and faithfulness to those who entrust their interests 
 to his care. 
 
 In 1 86 1 he married Julia G. Wheldon, of Racine, Wisconsin. They have two 
 children, a daughter about nineteen and a son about fifteen years of age. 
 
 CHARLES K. OFFIELD. 
 
 /"^HARLES K. OFFIELD is a native of Lewiston, Fulton county, Illinois, and 
 > ; was born in 1845. His father, Franklin Pike Offield, built the county build- 
 ings of Fulton county, and was connected with that county in an official capacity 
 for many years, and was also one of the incorporators of the town of Canton, Illi- 
 nois. While a mere child the subject of this sketch lost his father, and was left 
 to the care of his mother, who is now Mrs. E. O. Thompson, of New Haven, 
 Connecticut. He attended the seminary at Aurora, Illinois, and also the North- 
 western University, and in 1864, in his freshman year, served for nine months in 
 Kentucky and Missouri with a company from this latter institution as sergeant, 
 in the i34th regiment, 111. Vols. In 1867 he entered the law department 
 of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, graduating in 1869. He then 
 settled in Chicago, and was admitted to practice in 1870, and continued his 
 studies in the office of Goodwin, Larned and Towle. When, in 1874, E. C.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 385 
 
 Larned dissolved his connection with the above firm, Mr. Offield took his place, 
 and the firm was Goodwin, Offield and Towle until the death of Mr. Goodwin, in 
 1879, when the firm became Offield and Towle. Patent litigation and soliciting 
 is a specialty with this firm, and has been for many years, and they have a large 
 and excellent as well as lucrative practice. Among their clients are embraced 
 some of the largest and wealthiest corporations in the country. Mr. Offield is 
 looked upon by the legal profession generally, and those who know him, as, for 
 his years, one of the strongest and best men in his branch of the profession in the 
 United States. He is a man of great force of character and mental strength, 
 untiringly and unceasingly industrious and energetic. He discourages needless 
 litigation, and is a man of unquestionable integrity and probity of life and 
 character. 
 
 In politics Mr. Offield is a republican, but he does not give more attention to 
 politics than is the duty of every good citizen. He married, in 1875, Miss May 
 R. Munson, of New Haven, Connecticut, and has two children. 
 
 BENNETT H. VARY. 
 
 BENNETT H. VARY was born in Onondaga county, New York, August 18, 
 1842. His parents were Richard H. and Deborah (Foster) Vary. His father 
 was born July 4, 1776, and spent the greater portion of his life in agricultural 
 pursuits, and when Bennett, his youngest son, was three years of age, he moved 
 to Gouverneur, St. Lawrence county, New York, and there remained until his 
 death. Bennett, being at that time but twelve years old, was left to care for his 
 mother, and her three other children. Shortly afterward, when fourteen years of 
 age, he began teaching, and continued in that occupation during the winter 
 months, studying during the summer, until the age of twenty-one. By carefully 
 economizing and improving his time, he acquired a good education, and a valua- 
 ble fund of practical information, and having decided to enter the legal profes- 
 sion, now began the study of law under C. G. Myers, of Ogdensburg, New York, 
 subsequently attorney general of the state. He remained there for six years, 
 until the fall of 1853, when he was admitted to the bar. Settling down at once 
 to the practice of law, he made for himself an enviable reputation as a successful 
 lawyer, and established at Ogdensburg a large and lucrative practice, which he 
 left in the spring of 1882, when he moved to Chicago, being engaged as attorney 
 for several large corporations, and Chicago being more of a center of his 
 business. 
 
 In 1860 Mr. Vary was elected district attorney for St. Lawrence county, and 
 continued in that position for nine years, giving universal satisfaction throughout 
 the county, and conducting over five hundred cases, some of which were very 
 desperate. Mr. Vary, having always been somewhat engaged in mining litiga- 
 tion, has traveled throughout the states and spent considerable time in the
 
 386 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Rocky mountains, in the interests of that branch of his business. He married 
 Miss Emma A. Wetherll, of New York state, in 1853. In politics he has always 
 taken a very active part with the republican party, and in every presidential cam- 
 paign since 1860, has been on the stump with the leading New York politicians. 
 Throughout his professional career, Mr. Vary has been an active and leading 
 man wherever he has been, and in all his relations with his fellow-men has 
 exhibited an independence of character, a manly frankness, and an unqualified 
 integrity that have secured for him the esteem and respect of all with whom he 
 has been associated or had to do. Being early thrown upon his own resources, 
 he has made his way, unaided, in the face of many difficulties, and richly merits 
 the honorable and honored position which he maintains at the bar. 
 
 HENRY L. REXFORD. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born October 6, 1854, in Blue Island, Cook 
 county, Illinois, and is a son of the late Stephen Rexford, who settled 
 in Cook county, Illinois, as early as 1833. The mother of Henry L. was formerly 
 Elvira R. Barber, who belonged to a highly respectable and intelligent family. 
 Henry L. was educated in the Blue Island high school. As a boy he was fond of 
 study, and early acquired a taste for literature and literary pursuits, and deter- 
 mined to fit himself for the legal profession; accordingly he entered the law office 
 of Geo. H. Leonard, of Chicago, where he spent three years in careful prepara- 
 tion, and also pursued a course of study at the Union College of Law, graduat- 
 ing in 1879; and during the same year received his license to practice at the 
 Illinois bar. 
 
 In religious sentiments Mr. Rexford is somewhat liberal, and in politics a 
 republican. He is a young man of clear, vigorous mind, a good student, a con- 
 scientious worker, and as a lawyer, has before him a bright future. 
 
 CHARLES DRANDORFF. 
 
 CHARLES DRANDORFF was born in Plau, Grand Dukedom, Mecklenburg- 
 Schwerin, Germany, August 19, 1825. By the death of his father Charles 
 was left at an early age to meet the struggle of life. Starting out with youthful 
 vigor, he devoted himself earnestly to study, intending to become a clergyman, 
 but after a full course of public school and collegiate study, preparatory to enter- 
 ing the University, he abandoned the project, and, securing a position in the pos- 
 tal service in the old country, continued in it about seven years, and then 
 sailed for America, arriving in New Orleans October, 1851. After a few days 
 rest, he came directly to Chicago, and for a brief period was employed on a farm. 
 In March, 1852, Mr. Drandorff removed to Chicago, and entered the employ of
 
 TRE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 387 
 
 Hon. Francis A. Hoffman, of the law firm of J. Breck, Jr., and Hoffman, and there 
 devoted himself to the study of law until 1854, when the firm dissolved, Mr. Hoff- 
 man going into the banking business, and he, Mr. Drandorff, going with him as 
 clerk and cashier. He held that position for several years. At the close of the 
 civil war he accepted a clerkship in the postoffice at Chicago, which he filled for 
 one year, at the expiration of which time he became associated with William 
 Church, clerk of the circuit court. Resigning this position, after filling it credit- 
 ably for a considerable length of time, he was elected by the republican party, 
 supervisor of the North Town, an office which he held for three years. In 1867 
 Mr. Drandorff was elected justice of the peace, and held that office for about six 
 years, and during that time, in August, 1870, was admitted to the bar of Illinois, 
 and when his term of office expired he commenced the practice of his profession, 
 and has since been an active attorney of the Chicago bar, conducting a general 
 and somewhat extensive practice. 
 
 Mr. Drandorff has always been a staunch republican, and an earnest worker 
 for his party. 
 
 He was married about 1853 to Miss Caroline Mohr, and has a family of chil- 
 dren, all of whom are grown up, and one son is a member of the bar. 
 
 JAMES SAGER NORTON. 
 
 THE late Henry F. Durant, who was at one time the leading criminal lawyer 
 of Boston, once said to Col. T. W. Higginson, " law is the most narrowing 
 of all the professions." The tendency of all professions is doubtless to narrow 
 the mind. The physician is prone to be nothing but a physician, and the success- 
 ful lawyer is apt to be nothing but a lawyer. But whether a profession narrows 
 a man or no, depends a good deal upon the man. If he has breadth of mind no 
 profession can limit him, no range of thought can confine his mind. His profes- 
 sion certainly has not narrowed the subject of this sketch. Although one of the 
 most eminent and successful of the younger members of the Chicago bar, he is 
 much more than a lawyer. He is a man of affairs, a thinker, a student withal. 
 
 He was born in Lockport, Illinois, December 6, 1844. He attended the com- 
 mon and select schools until 1860, when he entered the preparatory department of 
 Kenyon College, at Gambier, Ohio, and in 1861 entered the college itself. In 
 1863, at the end of the sophomore year, he left Kenyon and went to Yale as a 
 junior. He graduated from Yale with the class of 1865. He then went to Europe 
 for a year, and returned in 1866, and entered Columbia Law School, where he 
 remained for a year. In 1867 he removed to Chicago, and continued his law 
 studies in the office of Scammon, McCagg and Fuller, and in 1868 was admitted 
 to practice by the supreme court. After his admission to the bar he opened an 
 office for the practice of his profession, and thereafter for three years was in 
 partnership with R. B. Bacon. In 1872 he formed a copartnership with D. L.
 
 388 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Shorey, which lasted until 1874. He then entered the firm of Norton and Hatch, 
 in which he continued till 1877, when he formed the partnership with John N. 
 Jewett, which still exists. 
 
 Mr. Norton has been engaged in many cases of public interest, but his settle- 
 ment of the Mahlon D. Ogden estate, encumbered as it was by mortgages, and 
 including, as it did, so much real estate property, has perhaps furnished the best 
 evidence of his ability. 
 
 CORNELIUS R. ADAMS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a son of Cornelius B. Adams, of Fairfield, Con- 
 necticut, who was of English parentage, and a lineal descendant of John 
 Quincy Adams. The father, when but fifteen years of age, established the New 
 Haven "Daily Palladium," serving in the dual capacity of editor and publisher, 
 and was also the New Haven correspondent of the New York " Tribune." Upon 
 severing his connection with the above papers, he went to Washington to practice 
 law, and while there, in 1855, married Miss Martha B. Loonis, daughter of Gen. 
 Lewis Loonis, of Colebrook, New Hampshire, while she was acting as preceptress 
 in a seminary. At the time of their marriage, Miss Loonis was at Georgetown, 
 engaged as preceptress in a young ladies' seminary, while he held the position of 
 librarian to the house of representatives. 
 
 In September, 1856, Cornelius R., the subject of this sketch, was born. He 
 graduated from Dr. Hanson's Classical Institute, in Waterville, Maine, in 1877, 
 and afterward studied a year at the university at Lewistown. On leaving school 
 in 1879, he removed to Chicago and entered the office of H. S. and F. S. Osborn, with 
 whom he remained one year. He then removed to Oshkosh, Wisconsin, in 1880, 
 and was there admitted to the bar of that state. He returned to Chicago in 1881, 
 and in the following year, 1882, was admitted to the bar of Illinois, and entered 
 upon his profession. In politics Mr. Adams is an earnest republican. 
 
 HUGH L. MASON. 
 
 ONE of the younger and more promising of the attorneys who practice at the 
 Chicago bar is Hugh L. Mason. He was born in Lancaster, Garrard county, 
 Kentucky, in 1853; his father, James B. Mason, was a merchant there, and served 
 several terms in the legislature of that state. Hugh obtained his early education 
 in Kentucky, and his legal education in the University of Georgetown, District of 
 Columbia, where he graduated in 1873, and was admitted to practice. He removed 
 to Chicago in 1875, to make his fortune and a permanent home, and is in a fair 
 way of realizing his expectations; doing a first class, paying law business, and 
 being senior member of the firm of Mason and Mitchell. Mr. Mason is a successful 
 lawyer, and ranks high at the bar, as an honorable attorney and a true gentleman.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 389 
 
 The Masons tire lineal descendants of the Virginia stock, the original ancestor in 
 this country being Col. George Mason, the contemporary friend and adviser of 
 George Washington; his seat was at Gunstan Hall, near Mount Vernon. He 
 was a man of the first order of wisdom among those who acted on the theater of 
 the revolution; a profound man, and especially learned in the lore of constitu- 
 tional law and conventions. He was the framer of the constitution of Virginia, 
 and was a member of the convention which formed the federal constitution, but 
 did not sign it, but in conjunction with Patrick Henry, opposed its adoption in 
 the Virginia convention. He was a decided opponent of the slave trade. He 
 died in 1792. His descendants are scattered over various parts of the central 
 states. 
 
 BENJAMIN HASKELL. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Southbridge, Massachusetts, and was 
 born September 23, 1825, and is the son of William Haskell and Sylvanie 
 (Williams) Haskell. Benjamin was a student at Brown University, of Providence, 
 Rhode Island, and graduated from that institution in 1842; he then attended the 
 Harvard Law School, under the instruction of that learned and celebrated jurist, 
 Judge Story, and after graduating therefrom, and being admitted to the bar in 
 1846, he formed a copartnership with Robert Rantoul, Jr., a celebrated lawyer of 
 Boston, Massachusetts. He continued in business in Boston until 1856, when he 
 removed to Lacon, Illinois, and forming a partnership with Samuel Flemming, 
 and Hon. Silas Ramsey, conducted a very extensive practice for two years. Mr. 
 Haskell removed to Chicago in 1858, and formed a partnership with Hon. Daniel 
 McElroy, with whom he was associated in business for several years. He then 
 opened an office by himself, and has since remained in general practice of the law. 
 
 JAMES PATRICK McELROY. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of New Brunswick, and was born at 
 St. John, August 30, 1835, tne son of Edward and Rose (McKenna) McElroy, 
 both of Irish descent. His father was a blacksmith by trade, and also engaged 
 in farming up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1881. James received 
 his early education at Elmore, LaMoille county, Vermont, whither his family had 
 moved when he was a child, and in 1853 entered the Morrisville (Vermont) Acade- 
 my, where he studied two years. 
 
 In 1855 he entered the law office of Thomas Gleede, of the same place, with 
 whom he remained until his admission to the bar in 1858. He then commenced 
 the practice of the law in Waterville, Vermont, which he continued until 1862, 
 when he enlisted in the gth regiment Vt. Vol. Inf. He spent three years in the 
 Union army, mostly on detached duty, but taking part in the engagements of 
 41
 
 39O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Harper's Ferry, Fort Harrison and several others. His term of service expired 
 with the close of the war in 1865, when he commenced anew the practice of the 
 law in Bakersfield, Franklin county, Vermont, where he remained until 1872. 
 
 During this time Mr. McElroy had gradually become dissatisfied with the East, 
 and believing that in the West he should find a broader field for the exercise of 
 his talent, removed thither and settled in Chicago. He then formed a partner- 
 ship with Col. S. Park Coon, which continued until 1876, when he connected him- 
 self with C. Stewart Beattie, with whom he practiced until 1879. Since that time 
 he has been in practice by himself, doing a general business and meeting with 
 good success. Mr. McElroy was married in 1861 to Miss Amy Carpenter, of 
 Waterville, Vermont, by which union he has had two children, Charles and 
 Edward, both of whom are connected with the Chicago postoffice. In religion, 
 Mr. McElroy was brought up a Catholic, and still adheres to that faith. 
 
 ADOLPHUS W. GREEN. 
 
 FROM its earliest settlement Boston has enjoyed a widespread celebrity for 
 scientific and literary advantages. Abounding in extensive libraries, both 
 public and private; with conservatories of art; the center of science, art and 
 literature in America; ever the home of eminent scholars, poets, statesmen, ora- 
 tors, learned lawyers and philosophers; abounding in universities of learning that 
 have graduated for a century ripe scholars and philosophers; with its historic 
 associations, its statuary, granite and marble columns, gilded domes and lofty 
 spires; with a salubrity of climate and a moral atmosphere second to none "the 
 modern Athens." Such is Boston, Massachusetts, the birthplace of our subject, 
 who is a worthy son of that honored and renowned city. Adolphus W. Green 
 was born in 1843, and is the son of a worthy gentleman John H. Green. 
 Educated in Harvard University, he graduated from that institution with the 
 highest honors in 1863, after which he was engaged in the occupation of a school 
 teacher at Groton, Massachusetts. From 1868 to 1870, he was librarian of the 
 Mercantile Library Association of New York city, which position he filled with 
 unqualified satisfaction to all. 
 
 He studied law in the office of Evarts, Southmayd and Choate, of New York 
 city, where he made rapid progress in the rudiments of his profession, both gaining 
 an extensive knowledge of the theories of practice under the tuition of his able 
 preceptors, and also enjoying the benefit which a student always receives in an 
 office where an extensive business is carried on. He was admitted to the New 
 York bar in 1873, and 'in 1874 removed to Chicago and opened an office for the 
 practice of his profession. Success attended his efforts from the first, and in 1879 
 he formed a partnership with M. W. Robinson, an eminent lawyer, since which 
 time their business has constantly increased, and they now enjoy a very extensive 
 patronage and have a first-class clientage.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 39! 
 
 Mr. Green is a well read lawyer; is an eloquent advocate and enjoys the repu- 
 tation of being an excellent trial lawyer. He is discriminating in his practice, 
 and in all office business, including special pleading and the examination of 
 abstracts of title, is an expert. He is a gentleman of refinement and culture, and 
 bears the impress of a liberal education. He is a man of fine presence; is cour- 
 teous toward all, and sustains the highest reputation for uprightness of character, 
 truthfulness and honor. He is deliberate and cautious, but yet quick of discern- 
 ment, and enters at once upon what he considers his path of duty, and pursues 
 it with a zeal and firmness commendable alike to himself and his profession. In 
 political sentiments, Mr. Green is a democrat. 
 
 ELBRIDGE HANECY. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Trenton, Dodge county, Wisconsin, 
 and a son of William Hanecy. After receiving his preliminary education he 
 pursued a course of study at the Milwaukee Academic Institute. Closing his 
 studies in school in 1868 he removed to Chicago, and for a time was employed by 
 Field, Leiter and Company, and afterward in the dry goods house of J. V. Farwell 
 and Company. Having decided to enter the legal profession, he, in 1872, began 
 his law studies in the office of Hervey, Anthony and Gait. Two years later, in 
 1874, he was admitted to the bar, and at once opening an office began the practice 
 of his profession, to which he has achieved good success. He is a careful, pains- 
 taking lawyer, a clear reasoner, and a safe, reliable counselor. 
 
 Mr. Hanecy is a republican in political belief, and has taken a somewhat active 
 interest in the politics of his ward. 
 
 He was married March i, 1876, and has three children. 
 
 HENRY DECKER. 
 
 HENRY DECKER was born in Livonia, Livingston county, New York, De- 
 cember 4, 1832. His ancestors on the father's side were among the earliest 
 settlers on the Livingston Manor, on Hudson river. Henry Decker (the father) 
 settled in Livingston county in 1795, and was a farmer of means and influence. 
 He was a soldier in the war of 1812. His mother's (Martha Mather) ancestors were 
 among the first settlers of Connecticut, and her father was a pioneer in Ontario 
 county, New York. The subject of this sketch received his early education at 
 the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, in Lima, New York. Afterward he went to 
 Genesee College, now known as the Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 
 where he spent three years. Afterward he entered Williams College, where he 
 graduated in 1854. Immediately thereafter he entered the law school of the 
 Albany University, at Albany, New York. He was admitted to the bar in 1856.
 
 392 
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The same year, in company with his brother-in-law and partner, Col. George B. 
 Goodwin, now a distinguished lawyer in Milwaukee, he removed to Menasha, Wis- 
 consin, and entered upon the practice in that village. Here he was quite success- 
 ful, but failing health caused him in 1859 to return to his old home in New York. 
 
 Having finally recovered his health, Mr. Decker began again the practice in 
 his native county. Here he was immediately successful, and became widely 
 known as one of the best lawyers in that section. He was engaged in most of 
 the large cases in that locality, notably the Genesee College case, in which it was 
 sought to remove that college. He was retained by the citizens of Lima and 
 vicinity to prevent the removal, in which he was triumphant. He also became 
 widely known as a criminal lawyer, in which capacity he was called to Towanda, 
 Pennsylvania, to prosecute Henry Ward for the murder of Wesley E. Shader, the 
 murderer being a man of large means and his victim of high social and business 
 standing. This case is one of the 'causes celebres in the criminal annals of Penn- 
 sylvania. In 1873, Mr. Decker removed to Chicago. Here again he became 
 almost immediately successful, but in a year or two his health again failed, and 
 for two years he was almost entirely unfitted for work in his profession. Regain- 
 ing health, he again started out to build up a practice in that stirring city, in which 
 he was practically a stranger. In 1880, he formed a partnership, under the name 
 of Decker and Douglas, with Stephen A. Douglas, Jr., the youngest son of the 
 great Illinois senator, who had then just moved to Chicago from North Carolina. 
 This partnership still continues, and in it Mr. Decker is rapidly winning his way 
 to a deserved position at the head of his profession. 
 
 In politics, Mr. Decker is a republican. In his religious faith, he is a Presby- 
 terian, in which church he is a communicant and in whose Sunday schools he 
 teaches a bible class. He is a student and a worker, a man of brains and charac- 
 ter, who is most highly estimated by those who know him best. 
 
 HARRY HARRISON. 
 
 HARRY HARRISON was born March 24, 1849, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and is 
 descended from the same Virginia family as Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, 
 being the son of C. S. Harrison, who for twenty years was a contractor in Cin- 
 cninati. He is now a resident of Chicago. Mr. Harrison was educated in the 
 schools of Cincinnati, and leaving the high school in 1867, began the study of law 
 in the office of L. D. Champlin, and also entered the iaw school of Cincinnati Col- 
 lege, where he graduated in 1870, but continued his legal studies unt'il he became 
 of age, when he was admitted to the bar, and began the practice of his profession. 
 In the fall of 1870 he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he formed a partner- 
 ship with Judge Horace H. Harrison, ex-member of Congress, and ex-supreme 
 judge of Tennessee. Mr. Harrison was appointed assistant United States district 
 attorney for the middle district of Tennessee, in the fall of 1871, and served in
 
 HCCn.p.r J, t C, 
 
 i IBrNV
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 395 
 
 that capacity until 1875, when he resumed his practice in Nashville. In 1879 he 
 removed to Chicago with a view of devoting himself exclusively to patent litiga- 
 tion. In the fall of 1880 he organized the National Scientific Association, which 
 is represented by some 1500 attorneys in the United States, and has offices in 
 nearly all the principal cities of the Union, and is devoted to patent soliciting and 
 litigation. Mr. Harrison is president and general solicitor of this association, and 
 directs its general management and development, and its success is chiefly due to 
 his efforts. In politics he is a democrat, but takes no active part therein. 
 
 SIMEON STRAUS. 
 
 SIMEON STRAUS, a native of Wisconsin, was born in Milwaukee, November 
 21, 1855, and is a son of Samuel Straus, one of Chicago's early settlers, and 
 well known lawyers. He received his preliminary and preparatory education in 
 the public schools of Chicago, and when but sixteen years of age, entered Yale 
 College, and graduated therefrom with an honorable record as a bright and 
 promising student. In 1874 he was admitted to the bar in New Haven, Connect- 
 icut, at nineteen years of age. After leaving college he was associated with his 
 father in Chicago until May, 1875, when he was retained as attorney for the Greene- 
 baum banks, exclusively, the same being the German National Bank, the Ger- 
 man Savings Bank, and the banking house of Henry Greenebaum and Company, 
 and was so retained up to the time of their failure in December 1877. 
 
 Although a young man, he has shown marked ability in the conduct of impor- 
 tant cases, and proved himself worthy of that implicit confidence which has been 
 imposed in him by his intelligent and constantly growing clientage. 
 
 Mr. Straus was married February 24, 1880, to Miss Adelaide Eisendrath, of 
 Chicago, and has had by her two children. 
 
 JOHN W. WAUGHOP. 
 
 JOHN W. WAUGHOP, of this state, was born April 28, 1823, in Portsmouth, 
 Virginia, and was the son of James F. Waughop, who served in the war of 1812, 
 and held the contract to build the first railroad in Virginia, from Portsmouth to 
 Roanoke, which was the second charter for a railroad issued in the United States. 
 The family moved to Illinois in 1835 and settled in Tazewell county. Mr. Waughop 
 settled in Chicago in 1843 without means, and attended school, working nights 
 and Saturdays, thereby supporting himself and paying for his education. In 
 1846 he entered the law office of Spring and Goodrich, and remained there two 
 years, when he was admitted to the bar. In the fall of 1848 he married a daugh- 
 ter of A. Bigelow, of Chicago, and began the practice of his profession at 
 once, and has continued actively in practice ever since. He was twice (in 1854
 
 396 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and again in 1856) elected county superintendent of schools of Cook county. 
 He has always taken an active part in the affairs of the Methodist church, and 
 has been, since 1856, a trustee of the First Methodist Church. He is an active 
 republican, having been president of the third ward republican club during 
 the Garfield campaign. He has been successful in his profession and has been 
 prominently connected with public improvements. He was appointed by Gov. 
 Yates bank commissioner. He was in the state convention which nominated 
 Mr. Bissell for governor, and has been very prominent in the republican party in 
 Chicago. 
 
 JOHN E. DALTON. 
 
 JOHN E. DALTON was born in the city of Detroit, in 1847; the son of Michael 
 Dalton, an early pioneer in the state of Michigan, who at one time owned a 
 large amount of land in Detroit and vicinity, and who died in 1849. John's 
 mother dying a few years after his father's death, left him at an early age with- 
 out the care of his parents, and almost entirely dependent on his own resources. 
 He lived with and worked for his uncle, Francis A. Goodbody, on his farm in 
 Lake county, Illinois, for six or seven years, during part of which time he at- 
 tended school at Lake Forest, Illinois. Later he returned to Detroit, and 
 attended the Detroit College and the Christian Brothers' Academy, in that city. 
 In 1868 he began the study of law in the office of Runyan, Avery, Loomis and 
 Comstock, in Chicago, graduated at the Law University of Chicago, and was 
 admitted to the bar in June, 1871. He began practice immediately after 
 the great fire, and has continued in practice constantly since, meeting with good 
 success, having built up a large and lucrative practice, chiefly in real property 
 and chancery law, of which he makes a specialty. Mr. Dalton is a prominent 
 democrat, being now a member of the city council from the thirteenth ward. He 
 is almost entirely a self-made man, much respected by all who know him, as a 
 man of unswerving integrity, and in his profession, diligent, conscientious and 
 able. 
 
 CHARLES WESLEY MONROE. 
 
 THE subject of this biography was born June 7, 1850, at Alden, Erie county, 
 New York. He is of Scotch descent, and the son of John Monroe and Cla- 
 rinda (Dunning) Monroe. His father was a prominent citizen, and served for 
 many years in the several positions of justice of the peace, supervisor of schools, 
 and town treasurer. His paternal grandfather was a captain in the war of 1812, 
 and was killed in battle. Charles Wesley attended the district school until four- 
 teen years of age. He then entered Clarence Academy, and pursued a scientific 
 and classical course until 1864, and then attended Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at 
 Lima, New York, one year. During the following two years he taught school, 
 and returning to Lima, attended the seminary another year.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 397 
 
 He entered Oberlin College in the fall of 1870, and graduated from that insti- 
 tution in 1873. September of the same year he entered the law school at Mad- 
 ison, Wisconsin, where he made rapid progress in the study of law, and graduated 
 June 17, 1874, with the degree of LL.B. Establishing himself at Fort Howard, 
 in Brown county, Wisconsin, he entered at once into a large and profitable prac- 
 tice, in which he continued until June i, 1881. While at Fort Howard he helped 
 to organize the Fort Howard Zouaves, and was connected with that organization 
 two years. He also belongs to the Knights of Pythias, and for two terms was 
 Worthy Chief Templar of Temple of Honor. Mr. Monroe is a very thorough 
 lawyer, well posted in the statutes and decisions of the courts, both state and 
 federal. He is an excellent trial lawyer, being an eloquent advocate, and possess- 
 ing a well balanced mind, clear, accurate and discriminating. He has a fine 
 presence, being of medium height, rather stout, with a high, broad forehead and 
 keen black eyes. He is a gentleman of refinement and culture, and his deport- 
 ment is always courteous and kind. He has many elements of popularity, and 
 must some day occupy a high position at the bar. He is a man of strict integrity 
 and has the universal respect of all who know him, for his true manhood and 
 intellectual attainments. 
 
 In political sentiments Mr. Monroe is a republican. 
 
 He was married August 4, 1881, to Miss Clara Blesch, a lady of fine accom- 
 plishments, a highly educated lady of refinement and taste, and a daughter of 
 Francis Blesch, a capitalist and well known business man of Fort Howard, who is 
 now deceased. 
 
 HENRY F. VALLETTE. 
 
 HENRY FRANKLIN VALLETTE was born at Stockbridge, Berkshire 
 county, Massachusetts, in the old farm house which, for more than two 
 generations, has been the home of the Vallettes, on November i, 1821. He is a 
 son of Jeremiah and Abiah (Mott) Vallette. Jeremiah Vallette was one of the 
 most highly respected farmers in Berkshire county, whose opinions on both agri- 
 culture and politics were considered the best authority, and so clear and compre- 
 hensive were they that Theodore Sedgwick, author of a valued work on political 
 economy, frequently sought his opinions while preparing that work; but at length 
 wearying of the toil of cultivating the rocky eastern soil, he, with his family, 
 came west to the fertile prairies of Illinois, and settled near the site of the pres- 
 ent town of Wheaton, in Du Page county. Henry was at this time seventeen 
 years of age, had previously attended the public school of Stockbridge, and 
 afterward the Stockbridge Academy. There being at that time comparatively 
 few schools in the West, he was compelled to take charge of his own education, 
 but by persistent effort at different intervals, managed to get a good general 
 knowledge of the common branches, together with a thorough insight into the 
 science of surveying. In 1846, he attended the Mount Morris Academy, and in
 
 398 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 1848 commenced the study of law. He was also during the year last named mar- 
 ried to Miss Abbie A. Dinsmore, a daughter of Rev. Alvin Dinsmore, a learned 
 divine of De Witt, Iowa. She has been a noble and devoted wife and mother. 
 They have four children. In 1849, Mr. Vallette was elected treasurer of Du Page 
 county, an office which he held eight years, being reflected four times. In 1851, 
 he was admitted to the bar, and with the exception of the time spent in the army, 
 has been practicing ever since. In 1862, he entered military service as lieutenant- 
 colonel of the io5th regiment 111. Vol. Inf. He was a faithful and conscientious 
 officer, but resigned in 1864, and in 1867 resumed the practice of law in Chicago 
 with Gen. B. J. Sweet and Judge Isaac Wilson. He is now in practice in Chicago. 
 
 Col. Vallette has always been very successful in his professional labors. He 
 is a man of great firmness and decision, energy and tenacity, an instance of which 
 was exhibited in the manner in which he fought for the removal of the county 
 seat of Dn Page county, the legal contest lasting over six years, and finally termi- 
 nating successfully for his' clients. He is a fluent speaker, self-collected, deliber- 
 ate and dignified. His style of arrangement is direct, clear and forcible. He is 
 careful in taking his positions, and seldom fails to carry conviction of their cor- 
 rectness. 
 
 Col. Vallette is a republican as regards his politics, but has never sought 
 political distinction, which, in these days of political corruption, is really refresh- 
 ing. Through all his life his motto has been, " An honest man's the noblest work 
 of God." Liberal in his views, he has always shown his faith by his works. The 
 Universalist denomination has always received his support and hearty cooperation. 
 His four children are all settled in life. With the wife of his youth he lives in 
 the enjoyment of the fruits of his labor the results of industry, perseverance 
 and integrity. Du Page county may well be pardoned a little commendable 
 pride in this, one of her representative men. 
 
 MARVIN BLANCHARD. 
 
 MARVIN BLANCHARD is a native of New York, and was born in Center- 
 ville, Allegany county, December 3, 1827. He received his education in 
 the common schools and in Genesee College, at Lima, New York, and left that 
 institution in 1850, having sustained himself through his course of studies by 
 teaching school. He read law in Le Roy, New York, with Skinner and Bissell, and 
 also in Buffalo, New York, with Wadsworth and Cameron, and was a fellow stu- 
 dent of Hon. Angus Cameron, now United States senator from Wisconsin, who was 
 then reading law with his brother. In 1852, Mr. Blanchard went to Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, and engaged in the insurance business, but after a year thus spent, resumed 
 the study of the law with Tilden and Rariden, of that city. In 1854, he removed 
 to La Salle, Illinois, and during that year was admitted to the bar at Ottawa, and 
 immediately entered upon the practice of the law in La Salle county, where he
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 399 
 
 continued until the spring of 1859, when he settled in Chicago, where he has 
 established a lasting reputation as an able and successful lawyer and reliable 
 counselor, and has established a large and lucrative practice. 
 
 He has been engaged in chancery practice to a very considerable extent, and 
 is especially expert in drawing chancery pleadings. He is persevering and pains- 
 taking in research for authorities, and has prepared, on a new and improved plan, 
 a digest of the Illinois reports, which is designed as a ready and exhaustive ref- 
 erence book. 
 
 GEORGE C. CHRISTIAN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Todd county, Kentucky. He was 
 educated at the Jefferson Male Academy of Elkton, Kentucky, and after- 
 ward pursued a course of law studies under the tuition and guidance of Hon. 
 F. M. Bristow, father of Benj. H. Bristow, and was admitted to the bar of Ken- 
 tucky in 1860. Three years later he removed to Bloomington, Illinois, and until 
 the spring of 1865 was engaged in editing the Illinois "Central Democrat," of 
 that place. Removing thence to Metamora, he took up his profession and soon 
 established a reputation as an able and successful lawyer. Owing, however, to 
 financial reverses, a change of location seemed desirable, and accordingly in 
 1868 he removed to Chicago, and there resumed his professional labors, in which 
 he is still (1883) actively and successfully engaged. He has established a good 
 practice, and a fine professional reputation, and is known as a generous, public- 
 spirited man. Mr. Christian was one of the founders of the well known Bennett 
 Medical College, of Chicago, and to his executive and financial ability, his earnest 
 devotion and wise counsels, is largely due the success and high standing of that 
 institution. Having been called to its chair of medical jurisprudence, he still fills 
 it with ability and credit. He is a man of excellent qualities, a genial companion, 
 warm in his sympathies and a true friend. He was married in 1866. 
 
 CHARLES F. WHITE. 
 
 CHARLES F. WHITE was born March 19, 1845, at Shullsburg, Wisconsin, 
 >^ and is the son of Hon. Joshua White, who was a member of the constitu- 
 tional convention which formed the first constitution of that state, and who 
 moved to Chicago about the year 1847 and afterward to Ogle county, Illinois, 
 where he has been prominent in business and political circles, having repre- 
 sented that county several times in the state legislature. Mr. White prepared for 
 college at the high school at Rockford, Illinois, and entered Beloit College, Wis- 
 consin, and graduated there in 1870. He then entered the Albany Law Uni- 
 versity, and graduated there in 1872, and was admitted to the bar of New York. 
 Thence he went to Lincoln, Nebraska, where he began practice, and remained 
 42
 
 4OO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 there until November, 1873, when, seeking a larger field, he removed to Chicago. 
 On coming to Chicago, Mr. White entered into partnership with D. H. Fletcher, 
 under the name and style of White and Fletcher, and shortly thereafter became 
 associated with Hon. J. Y. Scammon. This latter connection still continues. In 
 1878 Mr. Fletcher withdrew from the firm, and Mr. White organized The Western 
 Law and Collection Association, associating with himself in that branch of his 
 business Mr. William A. Coleman, under the style of White and Coleman. 
 
 In practice he makes a specialty of chancery and patent law, and has been 
 very successful, having a large and lucrative business. For several years he has 
 been retained as attorney, in connection with Mr. Scammon, in some of the most 
 important real property and insurance cases that have occupied the attention of 
 the courts of this state. He is also attorney in a number of important cases 
 which involve the question of the stock liability of the stockholders in The 
 Marine Company of Chicago and other similar corporations. In politics, Mr. 
 White is a republican, but takes no very active part therein. 
 
 JOHN LING. 
 
 JOHN LING, the subject of this sketch, is a native of England, and was born 
 in Lincolnshire, April 10, 1842, the son of John and Rebecca (Lee) Ling. His 
 pajernal ancestors followed the honorable business of farming, and those on 
 his mother's side were millers. His parents came to America in 1851, and settled 
 in Rome, New York. They removed thence to Batavia, New York; thence to 
 Clinton county, Iowa, where they now reside. He commenced his education in 
 the parish school in England, which was continued in the public schools in 
 America. He worked on a farm summers until he was eighteen years of age, 
 devoting his spare moments in the meantime to study. He taught school about 
 six years, and in 1861 entered Wheaton College, Du Page county, Illinois. In 
 1863, he entered Bryant and Stratton's commercial college, studying Latin and 
 German under a private teacher. After graduating from that institution, he com- 
 menced reading law with A. B. Tyrrell, of Clinton, Iowa. In the winters of 1866 
 and 1867 he was principal of the graded school at Camanche, Iowa. He studied 
 law at that place until the spring of 1869, and then came to Chicago and entered 
 the law office of Scoville, Bailey and Brawley, Mr. Bailey having since that time 
 been elevated to the bench of the appellate court, and Mr. Scoville having gained 
 great notoriety in connection with the trial of the assassin of the late President 
 Garfield, and was admitted to the Chicago bar in March 1870. He immediately 
 commenced a successful career as a lawyer, but in the great conflagration of 
 1871 he lost all of his books and papers and office furniture; but being a man of 
 great energy of character, he immediately thereafter commenced to repair his 
 lost fortunes, and soon succeeded in establishing himself again in business, and 
 by true fidelity to his clients' interests and strict attention to business, has sue-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 40! 
 
 ceeded remarkably well for a man of his age in the practice of the law. Mr. Ling 
 is a careful, painstaking lawyer, discriminating in his practice, and thoroughly 
 posted in the law. He tries his cases well, is a good reasoner, and sustains an 
 unsullied reputation as a man of integrity and uprightness. He is a careful, con- 
 scientious counselor, and never advises his clients to commence suit unless he is 
 confident their causes are just, and that the law will support them in their 
 demands. Mr. Ling is a refined gentleman, friendly and social. He has a fine 
 presence, is of medium height, well proportioned, and active in both mind and 
 body. He has a well-shaped head, high forehead, and auburn hair. Mr. Ling's 
 antecedents are democratic, and he has acted with the democratic party, and was 
 what was known as a "war democrat " during the war of the rebellion, and was 
 zealously in favor of maintaining the union at all hazards. In religious matters, 
 he is decidedly liberal. He was married in 1877 to Miss Anna B. Hall, of Chi- 
 cago. They have two children. 
 
 GEORGE S. WILLITS. 
 
 ~ EORGE S. WILLITS, one of the most successful of the younger attorneys 
 at the Chicago bar, was born in Monroe, Monroe county, Michigan, in 1857. 
 He is a son of Hon. Edwin Willits, a prominent lawyer there and late member of 
 congress from that district. He received his preliminary education in the high 
 school in Monroe, and fitted for college in Ypsilanti, where he graduated from the 
 Normal School, also; subsequently entered Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, and 
 after taking a four years' classical course, incidentally attending lectures in the law 
 department, graduated in 1877, after which he read law for a time in his father's 
 office, when he took a course in the Georgetown (District of Columbia) Law Col- 
 lege, when he returned to Monroe and continued his reading and was admitted 
 to the bar, and practiced in Michigan until September, 1879, when he came to Chi- 
 cago, and has been engaged in practice here since, alone in business most of the 
 time. He has done a successful and lucrative practice, second in point of income 
 to that of none of the younger members of this bar. He has done a first-class 
 business, having been the attorney and counselor of a prominent railroad official, 
 now deceased, having a large estate, and whose business he has managed skill- 
 fully, successfully and to the satisfaction of those interested: has also done a 
 good deal of law business for railroads and other corporations, and has conducted 
 other important litigation in the higher courts and has been complimented by 
 judges and clients on his success. He has had a large chancery and probate 
 court practice, in which he has succeeded against older and more experienced 
 lawyers. As a counselor he is safe and reliable, as a lawyer painstaking and 
 assiduous in guarding and defending the interests of his clients. He is accurate, 
 industrious and studious, which, with his training in youth and his natural abili- 
 ties, give a guarantee of a continued, permanent and solid success for the future.
 
 4O2 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He is a young man of exemplary habits, with the bearing and address of a 
 gentleman, independent in thought and action, is self-reliant, and possesses the 
 elements of manhood. It is seldom that a young lawyer comes to Chicago a 
 stranger and attains to such success by his own efforts, unaided by influential 
 friends or wealth, but attained by his own energy, perseverance, industry and 
 faithfulness to his clients. 
 
 JOHN H. BATTEN, JR. 
 
 JOHN H. BATTEN, JR., is a native of London, England, and was born July 
 16, 1850, and is the son of John H. Batten, formerly clerk of the superior court 
 of Cook county, a gentleman widely known and highly respected for his intelli- 
 gence and integrity. He emigrated from England in 1854, and came directly to 
 Chicago. The subject of this sketch commenced his education in the public 
 schools of Chicago, and finished his scientific and classical course in Racine Col- 
 lege, Wisconsin. He commenced the study of the law in the office of Dent and 
 Black in 1869, and after examination was admitted to the bar by the supreme 
 court in 1872. He remained with Dent and Black as an assistant until 1877, and 
 on September i of that year went into business by himself, and has continued in 
 the successful practice of the law up to the present time. 
 
 Mr. Batten is prepossessing in his personal appearance, and is a social and 
 congenial companion. He is a good advocate, and gives every promise of attain- 
 ing to a high position at the bar. He is a good trial lawyer, a gentleman of 
 integrity, and a member of the Episcopal church. In political sentiments he is a 
 republican. He was married August 26, 1874, at Naperville, Illinois, to Miss Ida 
 Haight, an accomplished lady, highly educated and refined. They have three 
 children, Marion, Percy Haight and Ralph Ellsworth. 
 
 CHARLES T. BROWN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Vermont, born at Sharon, May 3, 
 1849, and is the eldest son of Jonathan M. and Susan S. (Turner) Brown. His 
 grandfather, on the mother's side, was a farmer, living in Orange county. Jona- 
 than M. was born in Centre Harbor, New Hampshire, his father a farmer also. 
 On both sides of the family the old Puritan stock is represented. In 1853 the 
 family removed to Manchester, New Hampshire, and with two brothers and two 
 sisters Mr. Brown received a thorough education in the graded schools of that 
 place. After graduating at the high school, Manchester, he went to Philadelphia 
 and attended the Polytechnic Institute, and then followed the profession of rail- 
 road and civil engineer for six years. Since 1873 he has practiced shorthand law 
 reporting, and also studied law, and been admitted to practice in the Chicago
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 403 
 
 bar, after the usual thorough examination before the appellate court. Mr. Brown 
 gives particular attention to patent law, for which his scientific training and abil- 
 ity to make copious notes, together with a natural taste for mechanics, specially 
 fit him. 
 
 His wife, Flora L., the younger daughter of the late John O. Haynes, M.D., 
 an eminent practicing physician of Manchester, New Hampshire, and Hannah M. 
 (Eaton) Haynes, is also a successful shorthand law reporter, and is associated with 
 Mr. Brown in his business of law reporting. 
 
 MOSES D. BROWN. 
 
 MOSES DAKEN BROWN, a native of Appleton, Waldo county, Maine, 
 was born May 22, 1829, the son of Benjamin Brown, and Deborah (Jame- 
 son) Brown. His father was a farmer, and by trade, a shoemaker. The boy 
 found little in the narrow routine of farm life to gratify his ambition or even suit 
 his tastes, but by force of circumstances was compelled either to settle down on 
 the farm, or begin the battle of life on his own responsibility, unaided except by 
 his own native energy, perseverance and determined purpose. He chose the lat- 
 ter. His desire was to prepare himself for professional life, and with this pur- 
 pose in view, he by dint of hard work completed a course of preparatory studies, 
 and in 1849 entered Waterville College. The undertaking was an arduous one, 
 and accomplished under trying difficulties and at great sacrifice, for he was com- 
 pelled to earn the means wherewith to support himself, and at the same time 
 defray his expenses in college, a task which would have disheartened one less 
 determined. 
 
 Having taken the best advantage of the three years' course at Waterville, he 
 left there, and by one year of close application graduated at Dartmouth College. 
 Still wishing to continue in the path of science, he taught two years in the acad- 
 emy at Randolph, Vermont, and afterward, in 1855, with a view to finding a 
 larger field of action, removed to Chicago, and was admitted to the bar in the 
 fall of that year, and at once began the practice of the law. As he had been 
 taught to depend on his own resources from his youth up, he continued alone. 
 In the fall of 1857 Mr. Brown married Miss Henrietta White, a woman of exem- 
 plary Christian piety, and daughter of D. N. White, the well known editor and 
 proprietor of the Pittsburgh "Gazette." Mrs. Brown died July 9, 1878, leaving 
 of the five children that had been born of this union, two, Ella M. and Arthur 
 Lincoln. In January, 1880, he was married to Miss Alice Wilcox, a handsome 
 and accomplished lady much younger than himself, and a loving and devoted 
 wife, and by whom he has one son, Milton Dudley. 
 
 Mr. Brown has a large practice at the Chicago bar. He is a thorough lawyer, 
 well versed in all of the branches of his profession, and has been engaged in a 
 great variety of cases. At the first he engaged largely in the conduct of criminal
 
 404 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 cases, but now devotes his attention more particularly to civil business, and has 
 built up a large chancery practice. He is a gentleman who bears the impress of 
 the culture and refinement bestowed by a liberal education ; is courteous and 
 kind in his intercourse with mankind, and sustains a firm character for integrity 
 and sobriety. He has a fine presence, being above the average height, a broad, 
 intellectual forehead, with large, expressive blue eyes, and classic features. He 
 is a man of social habits, and enjoys the society of his friends, of whom he has a 
 large circle, who esteem him for his intellectual attainments as well as moral 
 worth. As an advocate, he is fluent in the use of choice language, and presents 
 his cases to the jury with excellent effect. He is an excellent trial lawyer, and 
 makes a strong logical argument, and his efforts before juries have been crowned 
 with great success. 
 
 CAPT. JOHN L. TAYLOR. 
 
 I^HE subject of this sketch is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born at Car- 
 bondale, Luzerne county, August 24, 1844. He is of Irish parentage, and a 
 lineal descendant of George Taylor, the old Irish patriot of independence fame. 
 He lived in and about the coal mines of Luzerne county until about twelve years 
 of age, when he went with Dr. H. M. Treat to Milledgeville, Carroll county, Illi- 
 nois. His early opportunities for obtaining an education were few, being con- 
 fined to the public schools during the winter months. In the summer of 1860 he 
 went to Jones county. Iowa, and there enlisted as a private in Co. L, 2d Iowa 
 Vol. Cav., August 24, 1861, and served three years and three months, participat- 
 ing in nearly all of the important battles and engagements in which the regiment 
 was engaged during the war of the rebellion. He was taken prisoner at Rienzi, 
 Mississippi, August 26, 1862, but made his escape from the enemy the same day. 
 He was afterward severely wounded in a cavalry charge near West Point, Missis- 
 sippi. February 22, 1864, he was detached from his regiment to the headquar- 
 ters of the i6th army corps, Gen. S. A. Hurlbut, commanding, at Memphis, 
 Tennessee, and afterward with Gen. C. C. Washburn, commanding district of 
 West Tennessee. He was mustered out of service October i, 1864, at Daven- 
 port, Iowa. August 10, 1865, he was married to Miss Bell C. Searle, a lady of 
 culture and refinement, and daughter of George C. Searle, a prominent business 
 man of Chillicothe, Ohio. From 1866 to 1873 he devoted a large portion of his 
 time to the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in February, 1874, at 
 Vermillion, Dacotah Territory, before Hon. J. P. Kidder, associate justice of the 
 supreme court of Dacotah Territory. In 1869 he moved with his family to Ver- 
 million, Dacotah Territory, and was engaged in the practice of law until 1881. 
 He went thence to Washington, District of Columbia, and remained until Sep- 
 tember, 1881, when he settled in Chicago, and entered upon the general practice 
 of his profession. Capt. Taylor has held various offices of trust and honor, among 
 which were the offices of prosecuting attorney of Clay county, Dacotah, and dep-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 405 
 
 uty United States marshal of Dacotah. He was the leader in the first organiza- 
 tion of the republican party in the southern Black Hills of Dacotah, in 1880, 
 serving as chairman of the central committee. 
 
 As a lawyer, the chief-justice of the supreme court of Dacotah has been 
 pleased to speak of him as one of the brightest of the Dacotah bar. He is pre- 
 eminently a self-made man. He set his mark high, and has worked perseveringly, 
 assiduously and conscientiously to attain it. He is a thorough lawyer, an upright, 
 loyal citizen, and an honest man. 
 
 HOWARD HENDERSON. 
 
 HOWARD HENDERSON was born in Chicago in 1847. He is the son of 
 Rev. Abner W. Henderson, a well known divine of the Presbyterian church, 
 who came to Chicago in 1843 and established the Chicago Female Seminary, the 
 first young ladies' school of a high grade in the city. Rev. Mr. Henderson was an 
 eminent classical scholar and linguist, and was prominently identified with the 
 cause of education. His son, Howard Henderson, prepared for college at Profs. 
 Dwight and Holbrook's preparatory school, at Clinton, New York, and went from 
 there to the University of Heidelberg, Germany, where he gave particular attention 
 to the study of civil law concurrently with his other university studies. After 
 a course at Heidelberg, he attended the University of Edinburgh, and upon 
 his return to America immediately entered the Albany Law School, from which 
 he graduated in 1870. The same year, he was admitted to the bar of New York, 
 and returning to Chicago began practice. He first formed an office connection 
 with Miller, VanArman and Lewis, and after remaining with them a short 
 time, opened an office for himself. Mr. Henderson is a republican in politics, 
 but is chiefly devoted to his profession. He is a close student, and has a large 
 and successful general practice. 
 
 OREN W. TURNER. 
 
 OREN W. TURNER is a native of Fredonia, New York, and was born May 
 10, 1830, the son of Marcus Turner, and Sarah (Stevens) Turner. He is 
 preeminently a self-made man. Enjoying only the privileges of a common- 
 school education, he has worked his way up to his present position unaided and 
 alone. After determining to fit himself for the legal profession, he read law two 
 years with John Galbraith and Casson Graham, and afterward continued his legal 
 studies about two years longer, being for a considerable portion of that time in 
 the office of N. W. Griswold, of Erie, Pennsylvania, where he was admitted to 
 the bar in 1856. Soon after receiving his license to practice, he removed to Illi- 
 nois, where on beginning his practice, he was for a short time a member of the law
 
 406 THE BENCH AffD BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 firm of Miller, Taylor and Miller. In 1860 he went to Clinton, Rock county, Wis- 
 consin, where he held several offices of trust, and was of the firm of Hamilton 
 and Turner, who published the newspaper called the Clinton " Enterprise,'-' prac- 
 ticing law in the meanwhile until 1873, and then he removed to Chicago, which 
 has since that time been his home and place of business. When Mr. Turner first 
 settled in Chicago, he was favored with quite an extensive practice, and he has 
 done a reasonable amount of business, and met with good success. He is well 
 versed in legal lore, has a clear, comprehensive mind, and is at once a safe, relia- 
 ble counselor and good advocate. As a man and citizen, he has the esteem and 
 respect of all who know him. 
 
 CHARLES HITCHCOCK. 
 
 /CHARLES HITCHCOCK was born at Hanson, Plymouth county, Massachu- 
 V_^ setts, April 4, 1827, and was descended from Luke Hitchcock, who emigrated 
 from England and settled in New Haven about 1644. Among his ancestors were 
 several distinguished and highly educated persons. He was the son of Charles 
 and Abigail (Hall) Hitchcock. His early life was spent on his father's farm, at 
 Hanson and Pembroke, and in attending the public schools, where he excelled in 
 English studies. He entered Phillips Academy in the spring of 1846, where he 
 devoted himself almost exclusively to classical studies. Here, as elsewhere, what- 
 ever he studied he learned accurately and with the greatest facility. 
 
 In the fall of 1847 he entered Dartmouth College. On leaving college he 
 remained at Hanover one year, studying law in the office of David Blaisdell. In 
 the fall of 1852 he went to Washington, and was engaged for a year in teaching 
 Latin and Greek in one of the academies and in giving lectures upon scientific 
 subjects, and gained r a high reputation in literary circles. In the fall of 1853 he 
 entered the senior class of the Dane Law School, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
 where he finished his preparatory legal studies. In the fall of 1854 he was 
 admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in Chicago. In a few 
 years he established a large and lucrative practice, but always retained his habits 
 of study. At the office his leisure time was given to the study of the law; at 
 home, to literature. Mr. Hitchcock held but two public offices. For a brief 
 period after the memorable fire of October, 1871, he held the office of county com- 
 missioner. He was president of the convention of 1870 which framed the present 
 constitution of the state, and where he displayed great knowledge of parliamentary 
 practice. 
 
 Mr. Hitchcock was married to Miss Annie McClure, of Chicago, July 10, 1860, 
 and most of his married life was spent in the beautiful home at Kenwood, where 
 he died May 6, 1881. The union was made happy by mutual respect and affec- 
 tion. With him all friendships and affections were held subordinate to his devo- 
 tion to the wife, who in equal degree made their home a place for the domestic 
 affections and a center of refined and generous hospitality.

 
 'f
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 409 
 
 At a bar meeting held in the United States circuit court room high encomi- 
 ums were pronounced, and resolutions of condolence to his bereaved family were 
 spread upon the records of the several state and federal courts in the city of 
 Chicago. 
 
 He had a judgment of the 1 highest order, and his mind was what is styled a 
 judicial mind, capable of an impartial survey of both sides of a question. He 
 was faithful to his clients, to his professional brethren and the courts. The courts 
 justly relied upon the accuracy of his statements. He had the faculty of grasp- 
 ing the pivotal points of legal questions with great ease; was discriminating and 
 profound, with a retentive memory. He could enforce his views by luminous, 
 logical, cogent argument. His ambition in life was purely professional, and was 
 formed upon the highest conception of what a great lawyer ought to be, and his 
 ambition was achieved. He had large sympathy with the younger members of 
 the bar, and had a high sense of personal honor, and was remarkable for equa- 
 nimity of temper, being always calm and unruffled. His kindness of heart 
 endeared him to his sadly bereaved family, his professional brethren and a large 
 circle of admiring friends. His is the true fame; not lying in broad rumor nor 
 in the glittering foil set off to the world, but that fame based upon good works, 
 upon duty done, and a life beyond reproach, which grows and blossoms in immor- 
 tal soil. 
 
 JAMES H. FAIRCHILD. 
 
 JAMES H. FAIRCHILD was born June 15, 1842, in London, Ontario, Canada. 
 His father, John H. Fairchild, was a large land holder there, and moved with 
 his family to Michigan in 1844, settling in Lexington and engaging in the lum- 
 bering business, and later, in 1847, removing to Detroit. His grandfather, Ben- 
 jamin Fairchild, was surveyor-general of Canada. Mr. Fairchild prepared for 
 college at Ypsilanti, Michigan, and entered the University of Michigan at Ann 
 Arbor, and taking the law course, graduated in 1863 and was admitted to the bar. 
 He then entered the navy, and was attached to the paymaster's department of 
 that branch of the service. After serving about eighteen months in the navy, 
 Mr. Fairchild entered the office of Hon. H. H. Emmonds, of Detroit (late circuit 
 judge), and continued his legal studies, and in 1865 began practice independently 
 in Detroit, but after a brief interval removing to Niles, Michigan, where he con- 
 tinued in practice until 1872. In 1867 Mr. Fairchild had assisted in the organiza- 
 tion of the United States Law Association, then the only law association in this 
 country, and was one of the first directors thereof, and still holds that position. 
 In 1872 he moved to Chicago, and established himself in practice, and in the fall 
 of that year formed a partnership with Judge Blackman, then on the bench of the 
 second judicial circuit of Michigan, which partnership still exists. Commercial 
 law is a specialty with this firm. They have a very extensive practice, and have 
 been very successful. Mr. Fairchild has a very fine library, and one of the most 
 43
 
 4IO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 perfect law offices in the country. System and order is the rule with him, and no 
 detail is overlooked that would add to the completeness of his office as a law 
 office. In politics he is a democrat, but does not aspire to any political office or 
 preferment, simply devoting himself to his profession. He was recorder of the 
 city of Niles, Michigan, from 1869 to 1871. He married a resident of Ypsilanti. 
 Michigan, in 1866, and has three children. 
 
 EDWIN F. BAYLEY. 
 
 EDWIN F. BAYLEY was born in Manlius, New York, June n, 1845. His 
 father, Calvin C. Bayley, was for ten years principal of Manlius Academy, 
 and afterward, in 1848, moving to Wisconsin, engaged in farming near Waupun. 
 Mr. Bayley's boyhood was passed upon the farm, and his preparatory education 
 was received at the college at Ripon, Wisconsin. In 1866 he entered the junior 
 class of Amherst College, in Massachusetts, where he graduated in 1868. He then 
 went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he commenced the study of law, and attended 
 the St. Louis Law School, and while pursuing his legal studies, held a position in 
 the Washington University, in St. Louis, as instructor. He was admitted to the 
 bar in July, 1869, in St. Louis, but did not graduate from the law school until the 
 year 1870. He retained his position of instructor in Washington University until 
 1871, when he left that institution and began the practice of law in St. Louis. He 
 only continued in practice in St. Louis one year, however, and in October, 1872, 
 came to Chicago, where he has been practicing his profession ever since. Mr. 
 Bayley before entering at Amherst College, and during the last year of the war, 
 served in the 4ist Wis. Inf., in Tennessee. 
 
 In 1876 he was married, and has two children. Mr. Bayley is a republican, 
 but has taken no active part in politics, being entirely devoted to his profession. 
 
 MICHAEL M. MILLER. 
 
 MICHAEL M. MILLER, a self-made man, was born in New Castle, county 
 of Limerick, Ireland. When seven years of age his parents immigrated to 
 America, and settled for a time in New York city, where his mother died very 
 shortly after her arrival. The family was then scattered throughout the country, 
 and our subject was adopted by a family in New York, where he spent the most 
 of his time, and attended the public schools until September, 1863, when he 
 removed to the West, finally settling in Chicago. He became a clerk in the 
 grocery store of his uncle. Soon afterward, through the advice and solicitation of 
 friends, he began to learn the trade of a marble cutter and carver. This, how- 
 ever, did not suit his tastes, and again we find him engaged in the grocery busi- 
 ness, where he remained until he began the study of law with W. S. Avery, a
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 41 I 
 
 retired member of the bar, who had formerly been an active member of the pro- 
 fession in the South. Mr. Miller was formally admitted as a member of the bar 
 in 1868, and in 1871, immediately following the great fire, was elected town clerk 
 of West Chicago, on the reformed ticket, which was headed by Joseph Medill, 
 editor of the Chicago "Tribune," for mayor. In 1872 he declined the nomina- 
 tion as representative to the state legislature, from the fourth senatorial district, 
 but in 1874 was elected to that body on the republican ticket. In 1876 Mr. Miller, 
 during the Tilden reform movement, became a democrat, and was a very active 
 worker during the campaign, and continued on the political field until 1878, when 
 he withdrew from active politics. Mr. Miller has been an active member of the 
 bar, and in 1872 formed a partnership with John Mason, who was then a noted 
 criminal lawyer. The firm continued for a little over two years, when Mr. Miller 
 was compelled to retire for a time from active service, by reason of impaired 
 health, but resumed again when his health was restored. A greater portion of 
 his practice has been in the criminal line, with good success. 
 
 Early in life Mr. Miller was known for his radical views on the abolition ques- 
 tion, which was so prominent before the people at that time. That same deter- 
 mination of spirit, combining with earnest, persistent efforts, has been the main- 
 spring of his action and the result of his success. 
 
 THOMAS B. BROWN. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a native of Massachusetts, and was born at 
 Wilmington, in the county of Middlesex, August 10, 1827. He is the son of 
 William Brown, late of Wakefield (formerly South Reading), Massachusetts, who 
 died at the ripe age of eighty-five years, on the place purchased of the Indians in 
 1642, by early ancestors. His mother was Hannah J. (Eames) Brown. Mr. Brown's 
 ancestors were all of Puritan stock, and of English descent, except a portion of 
 his mother's progenitors, who were of Welsh extraction. When Thomas was two 
 years old his parents removed to South Reading, and he lived there until he was 
 twenty-one years of age. His father owned a small farm, and raised a large fam- 
 ily of children, and Thomas was thoroughly initiated into the routine of farm 
 labor when young. Being early accustomed to hard work, he has retained the 
 habit throughout all the struggles of his life. He attended the public and high 
 schools until twenty-one years of age, and afterward spent two years at Brown 
 University, Providence, Rhode Island, and is a graduate of the State Normal 
 School at Westfield, Massachusetts. He attended two terms at the Albany, New 
 York, Law School, and was admitted to the bar in that city in 1854. He was 
 afterward, upon examination, admitted to the bar in Boston, April 12, 1855, and 
 was admitted to practice by the supreme court of Illinois, October 6, 1855. July 
 14, 1856, he was also admitted to practice in the United States district and circuit 
 courts for the northern district of Illinois, and has practiced law and served as a
 
 412 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 justice of the peace in Chicago until the present time, 1883. Mr. Brown was, for 
 about eight years, a member of the board of police and fire commissioners of 
 Chicago, and resigned December 18, 1871. In the great conflagration of 1871 he 
 suffered the loss of all of his papers and books, and his law library. He is one of 
 Chicago's substantial men, and as a lawyer, possesses fine ability and keen dis- 
 crimination, and with the reputation of being an upright, independent and honest 
 man, enjoys the fullest confidence of his legal associates and all who know him. 
 
 WILLIAM AIKEN STARRETT. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born near 
 Pittsburgh, Allegheny county, January 3, 1836, and is the son of William A. 
 Starrett, and Eleanor (McEwen) Starrett. His maternal grandfather was Col. 
 Thomas McEwen, of Noblestown, Pennsylvania. Of his great-grandfathers, one 
 was a colonel, and the other a quartermaster with the rank of major in the revo- 
 lutionary army. William was educated in, and graduated from Jefferson College, 
 Pennsylvania, and also the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey. 
 Immediately after graduating, he was chosen professor of mathematics in Mount 
 Pleasant College, Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, and held that position for two 
 years. He was ordained a Presbyterian clergyman, and officiated as such for 
 seven years of the earlier part of his life. In the memorable year of Quantrell's 
 raid, 1863, he became pastor of the Presbyterian church at Lawrence, Kansas, and 
 his active labors in helping the sufferers who lost homes, means and friends by 
 the fiendish raiders will long be remembered. He was the architect who planned 
 the new Presbyterian church at that place, and by earnest, persistent effort 
 brought the work to completion. 
 
 On account of a change of convictions as to theological doctrine, his views of 
 truth having become entirely liberalized, Mr. Starrett felt it his duty to withdraw 
 from the church. The fact explains itself, and speaks well for the church with 
 which he was connected, that this withdrawal left the good feeling and friendly 
 respect existing between him and the ministry unimpaired. He counts among 
 his best friends old ministerial friends who were formerly associated with him, 
 while the ministers and press of the church on their part treated him at the time 
 with the most friendly consideration, and accorded him the fullest indorsement 
 as an upright and honorable man. He was for seven years secretary of the board 
 of regents of the State University at Lawrence, and was for a considerable time 
 editor of the " Kansas Tribune." He was elected superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion for Douglas county shortly after going to Kansas, and held many prominent 
 positions in Lawrence, displaying in them all conspicuous ability. 
 
 In a letter to Hon. John K. Rankin, mayor of Lawrence, dated August 28, 
 1875, Hon. John Fraser, state superintendent of public instruction of Kansas, for- 
 merly president of the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania, and president of the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 413 
 
 University of Kansas, says among other things: "I have known Mr. Starrett for 
 nearly nineteen years. He is really a man of superior talents, having for distin- 
 guishing mental traits quickness of apprehension, acuteness of intellect and reten- 
 tiveness of memory. He is a good classical scholar, and has a large, accurate 
 knowledge of the fine arts, especially architectural and general drawing, in which 
 he possesses considerable practical skill. The practice of reading history, philoso- 
 phy and literature, which he began at college, and which he has ever since kept 
 up with more or less assiduity, has given him possession of large stores of knowl- 
 edge, which his tenacious memory enables him to hold ready at command for 
 correct and apt quotation. The knowledge he has acquired he is able to impart 
 to others in a scholarly manner, for he is an expert and correct writer and 
 speaker." 
 
 After a regular and thorough course of study Mr. Starrett was admitted to 
 the bar in Kansas in 1876. In the principles of the law and legal learning few 
 lawyers have read and studied more extensively, more thoroughly and pro- 
 foundly. He still maintains his connection with the press, and pursues the study of 
 history and literature, and is now incidentally connected with "The Weekly Mag- 
 azine," published in Chicago, a literary journal of recognized and marked ability, 
 both editorially, and as president of the company which owns and publishes it. 
 He was married February 15, 1864, to Miss Helen Ekin, at Xenia, Ohio, daughter 
 of Rev. Dr. John Ekin. Mrs. Starrett is widely known as an editorial writer, and 
 contributor to literary journals throughout this country. They have had seven 
 children, all of whom are living. The eldest, a bright, robust lad of seventeen 
 years, is advanced to the junior year in college. Mr. Starrett removed to Chicago 
 in the fall of 1879, and is engaged in a general practice of the law. 
 
 JOSEPH PFIRSHING. 
 
 JOSEPH PFIRSHING was born of German parentage in the city of Stras- 
 J burgh, in the province of Alsace, now a part of the German empire, October 
 6, 1839. His father, George A. Pfirshing, moved with his family to America, 
 and settled in Chicago in 1854, engaging in business for some years, but is now 
 retired and living at Hyde Park. Mr. Pfirshing attended the Lyceum school at 
 Carlsruhe in Germany some years, and after settling in Chicago, entered the 
 University of Chicago, where he remained until 1861, when he returned to Ger- 
 many and entered Heidelberg University, and there devoted himself to the study 
 of Roman law for two years, after which he studied for about eighteen months in 
 the University of Paris. Returning to Chicago, he entered the Union College of 
 Law, and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He was for some time in the law 
 office of William B. Snow, and later formed a partnership with Daniel D. Driscoll, 
 which continued until the death of Mr. Driscoll in 1872, since which time he has 
 been practicing alone.
 
 414 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Pfirshing has a large general civil practice, and has been very successful. 
 He was attorney for the complainant in the Dinet divorce litigation, which occu- 
 pied the attention of the courts for ten years, and in which some very important 
 questions of law and practice were settled. He is a man of marked ability, an 
 excellent legal scholar and a profound lawyer. He stands high in the estimation 
 of his professional brethren, and is popular with his clients, to whose interests he 
 is never unfaithful. He is a republican in politics, but takes no active part 
 therein, devoting his life to his profession and literary pursuits, being a man of 
 scholarly tastes and habits. He was married in 1871 to Miss Mina Wehrli, of 
 Chicago, and has four children. 
 
 HENRY S. MONROE. 
 
 HENRY STANTON MONROE, a prominent member of the Chicago bar, 
 was born in Baltimore, Maryland, February 9, 1829. His father, Dr. Henry 
 Monroe, a native of the state of New York, was from about one year preceding 
 our subject's birth, an invalid, and was at that time in Baltimore, hoping to 
 improve his health. He had acquired an honorable standing in the medical pro- 
 fession in Broome county, New York, when he had reached his twenty-sixth year, 
 at which date he was obliged to seek a. respite from his labors. The Monroe 
 family were early settlers in this country. There were thirteen in all near rela- 
 tives at the battle of Bunker Hill. Large numbers now reside in Virginia, Ken- 
 tucky and New York. 
 
 The mother of our subject was Sylvia Thomas, a relative of the Stantons of 
 Pennsylvania, and of the late Hon. Caleb Gushing, of Massachusetts, and her 
 biographer states that she was "a lady of cultivated tastes, and many accomplish- 
 ments." Her husband, in his later years, gave his attention to the opening of a 
 farm which he purchased as wild land, in Broome county, and which he made 
 one of the best farms in that county. On that farm Henry spent his early years, 
 with an intelligent mother for his teacher, as well as guide, the first decade of his 
 life. For a few years thereafter he assisted his father on the farm during seed- 
 time, haying and harvest, and attended a district school in the winter term. At 
 the same time he gave such spare hours as he could command to reading, for 
 which he early cultivated a taste, history being a favorite study at that period. 
 Mr. Monroe prepared for college at Oxford, Chenango county, New York, making 
 rapid strides in his studies, for which he had a keen relish, and at the end of 
 three years entered the junior class of Geneva College, New York, leaping half 
 way through at the first bound. In compliance with the request of the college 
 society to which he belonged, he became a competitor for the highest prizes, and 
 won them. He was graduated in 1850, standing at the head of his class and tak- 
 ing the valedictory. 
 
 Mr. Monroe studied law at Oxford with Henry R. Mygatt, and taught school
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 415 
 
 a few terms while pursuing his legal studies. He was admitted to the bar in 
 
 1853, and purchasing a few law books, with borrowed money, came directly to 
 Chicago, where he had one acquaintance only, Hon. Stephen A. Douglas. Mr. 
 Monroe has the capacity, however, as well as the disposition, to make acquain- 
 tances, and also fast and abiding friends ; and opening an office early in the year 
 
 1854, he soon built up a good business, and canceled his debt for books. His first 
 case of much note, was that of Martin O. Walker vs. John Frink, two well known 
 stage coach proprietors, twenty and thirty years ago. A brief account of this 
 trial may be found in a sketch of Mr. Monroe, published in "The Biographical 
 Encyclopedia of Illinois," 1875. In that case our subject appeared alone for the 
 defense, having a great array of talent against him, and won a signal triumph, at 
 the same time establishing his reputation as a first class advocate. The trial 
 lasted a long time, and Mr. Monroe, who is somewhat of an athlete, physical we 
 mean (and we might also add mental), endured the great strain admirably, and 
 came out ready for another tilt at the earliest notice. 
 
 Another important case in which Mr. Monroe was engaged, and in which he 
 greatly distinguished himself, was that of Fisher vs. Stone, a case of malpractice, 
 noticed in the work to which we have just referred, and which the reader may be 
 glad to consult. It was a cause involving scientific problems, then unsolved, in 
 which medical men were profoundly interested, and in which several of the lead- 
 ing men of that profession were summoned to testify. Mr. Monroe completely 
 mastered the details of the matter, went to the bottom of the subject, and aston- 
 ished everybody, and particularly the medical experts, with the breadth of his 
 knowledge, and his masterly presentation and handling of the cause. 
 
 The trial lasted a full month, and our subject came out of it with an elastic 
 bound, and with the triumphant cheers of his friends, he winning for the defend- 
 ant. It is stated on good authority that the result of this trial was to materially 
 change the opinion of medical experts upon scientific questions, which had been 
 debated and unsettled, such experts in Europe as well as in this country, with 
 very few exceptions, siding with Mr. Monroe in the correctness of the theories 
 and principles which he laid down. His success in a few such trials as these here 
 mentioned, taking place during the earlier period of his practice in Chicago, gave 
 him a wide and high reputation as a lawyer, and his business soon extended over 
 a broad area. It is now spread over almost the whole country. He was not long 
 ago engaged on the celebrated Reese will case in California, and in an important 
 land case in New Hampshire, and has tried important cases in all the northwest- 
 ern states as well as in New York. 
 
 Mr. Monroe encourages no one to go to law unless he has a clear case, and 
 once enlisted labors with indefatigable zeal for the interests of his client. As 
 leading counsel in many important corporation, commercial and insurance cases, 
 and in defending prosecutions under the revenue laws, his great success has been 
 specially conspicuous. As cross-examining counsel, and as an advocate before a 
 jury, he has few peers at the Chicago bar. Lately Mr. Monroe has been largely
 
 416 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 engaged in real estate litigation, he being a leader in this line of the profession. 
 As intimated in the early part of this sketch, Mr. Monroe has a fondness for liter- 
 ature as well as the law, and has never ceased to develop and improve his taste 
 in that direction. In the great fire of 1871 he lost one of the largest and most 
 perfect law libraries in the Northwest, which has only in a measure been replaced, 
 and he is constantly adding to his private library, which was noted years ago for 
 its large size and the great value of the collection. It contains between five 
 thousand and six thousand volumes, nearly all in the richest binding, and 
 embracing the French and German, as well as English and American classics. 
 
 Mr. Monroe married, in 1856, Miss Mattie Mitchell, daughter of William B. 
 Mitchell, of Akron, Ohio, and they have an interesting family of children, who 
 are receiving an excellent education, and are the pride of their parents. In social 
 as well as professional standing, Mr. Monroe holds a front rank, the purity of his 
 life as well as his integrity, being unquestioned. With mental, he intermingles 
 physical recreation ; at one time with his spirited horse on our boulevards, at 
 another with dog and gun ; and thus he keeps up the elasticity of his body as 
 well as mind, and bids fair to see an old age of life's " linked sweetness long 
 drawn out." 
 
 WILLIAM S. EVERETT. 
 
 WILLIAM S. EVERETT was born in Fannettsburgh, Franklin county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1836, and is a direct descendant of Richard Everett, who 
 immigrated from England to America in 1636, and founded the town of Dedham, 
 Massachusetts. He received his early education at Milnwood Academy, located 
 at Shade Gap, Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, where he was awarded the 
 honor for excellence in oratory. His education was completed at Lafayette Col- 
 lege, Easton, Pennsylvania, in the class of 1857. He studied law with William 
 McLellan in Chambersburgh, Pennsylvania ; was admitted to the bar, and had 
 commenced practice a short time before the late civil war, in which he was active 
 in the border service, and filled the office of lieutenant and captain for a consid- 
 erable period. 
 
 He was arrested by order of Gen. McCausland, with five other citizens, at the 
 burning of Chambersburgh, and held with them as hostages for the payment of 
 $500,000, levied by the rebel general upon the citizens of the town. No attempt 
 was made to raise the money, and the approach of Gen. Averill enabled the pris- 
 oners to make their escape. He married, in 1861, Miss Jane K. Cree, who died in 
 1864, leaving two children. In 1865 he married Miss Charlotte S. Reed, by whom 
 he has seven children. In 1863 he was appointed county attorney, and held that 
 office three years. In 1867 he was elected chief officer (mayor) of the town. In 
 1869 he removed with his family to St. Joseph, Missouri, and was appointed 
 county attorney for Buchanan county, Missouri, a few months after settling there, 
 which office he held two years. He was repeatedly urged to run for congress,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 417 
 
 while living there, but declined ; was tendered the appointment of United States 
 district attorney for the western district of Missouri by Attorney General Will- 
 iams, but declined to accept; in 1874 was admitted to practice in the Supreme 
 Court of the United States ; in 1875 removed with his family to Chicago, where 
 he still lives. He loves his profession, and has been successful in it. He has 
 made no specialties, but has had an extensive general practice. 
 
 He has taken an active part in all the political campaigns since 1860; can- 
 vassed Pennsylvania, part of Ohio, and made speeches in other states during the 
 canvass of 1864, feeling that the condition of the country required the reelection 
 of Abraham Lincoln. The following from the St. Joseph "Daily Union," is one 
 of the many favorable notices given him by the press, as a public speaker: 
 
 "We take much pleasure in referring to the oration of our distinguished 
 townsman, W. S. Everett, delivered at the county seat of Holt county, which, as 
 usual, bears evidence of great thoughtfulness, originality and scholarly culture. 
 Mr. Everett never fails to make a great impression on those who are fortunate 
 enough to hear him, and his breadth of knowledge, in these days of superficial 
 literary exploits, is a positive treat. We are instructed as well as entertained, in 
 listening to his polished periods, and we could wish that Mr. Everett's fame be 
 more generally known in the West." 
 
 He has been an active Odd-Fellow, and has delivered many addresses on Odd- 
 Fellowship, which have appeared in print from time to time as they were 
 delivered. 
 
 ISAAC G. WILSON. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch, the present presiding justice of the appellate court, 
 was the only son of Hon. Isaac Wilson, one of the earliest and most highly 
 respected settlers of western New York, and who was the first member of con- 
 gress from Genesee county in that state. Judge Wilson's grandfather, as also 
 his father, filled judicial stations, the former in Vermont, and the latter in the 
 state of New York, having been first judge of Genesee county for many years, a 
 position which he resigned on removing to Illinois in 1835. 
 
 The present Judge Wilson was born in the town of Middlebury, New York, 
 April 26, 1817. He had six sisters, all of whom lived to adult life, but no brother. 
 At the age of twelve he was sent to the academy at Wyoming, and remained 
 in school and as clerk in a store until 1834, when he entered Brown University, 
 at Providence, Rhode Island, then under the presidency of Dr. Wayland. Among 
 his classmates were Charles S. Bradley, afterward chief-justice of Rhode Island, 
 and law lecturer at the Cambridge Law School; the late Thomas A. Jenckes, for 
 many years a member of congress from Rhode Island, and author of the bankrupt 
 act of 1867; Ezekel G. Robinson, now president of Brown University, and Geo. V. 
 N. Lothrop, the eminent Detroit lawyer. 
 
 Upon graduating in 1838, Mr. Wilson came to Illinois, where his father's 
 44
 
 41 8 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 family had preceded him, three years before, and became a student in the office 
 of Butterfield and Collins, then the leading law firm of Chicago, if not of the 
 Northwest. In the spring of 1840 he again went East, and entered the Cambridge 
 Law School, under the instruction of Judges Story and Greenleaf, and gradu- 
 ated the following year with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, in the class of which 
 James Russell Lowell and W. W. Story, the sculptor, were members. He was 
 admitted to the Massachusetts bar at Concord in July 1841. 
 
 On returning the following month to Chicago, where he had intended to 
 locate, he found that instead of there being room for more lawyers, many of those 
 already there were leaving for other places, in consequence of the extreme depres- 
 sion in business, which followed the financial crisis of 1837 and 1838. He there- 
 upon determined to go into the country, and in August, 1841, opened a law office in 
 Elgin. There he continued in the practice, doing a good business, riding the cir- 
 cuit with his books in his saddle-bags, as was then the custom, for ten years, 
 when, in 1851, he was elected a circuit judge. 
 
 During the next sixteen years he performed an almost incredible amount of 
 judicial labor, not exceeded perhaps by that of any judge who ever presided in an 
 Illinois court. He frequently held court ten and a half, and sometimes eleven 
 months out of the twelve, and it was his custom to begin promptly at nine, and 
 often at eight o'clock in the morning, holding until six P.M., with forty-five min- 
 utes intermission at noon, and also holding evening session if necessaryj to keep 
 up with the business. He was twice reelected by the unanimous vote of all parties. 
 
 Upon leaving the bench in 1867, Judge Wilson opened an office in Chicago 
 with Col. H. F. Vallette and Gen. Benjamin J. Sweet, of Camp Douglas fame, 
 and upon the dissolution of that firm, he formed a partnership with Hon. Emery 
 A. Storrs, and subsequently with Sanford B. Perry, with whom he continued, his 
 practice being confined mostly to the federal courts, until 1879, when he was 
 again elected circuit judge, and immediately thereafter was designated as a mem- 
 ber of the appellate court at Chicago, of which two years later he was made chief- 
 justice. 
 
 Judge Wilson has grown rapidly in the estimation of the bar since his eleva- 
 tion to the appellate bench. His education is varied, broad and liberal, and his 
 published opinions are models of judicial writings, being logical, clear and pol- 
 ished. His associates on the appellate bench are Hon. W. K. McAllister and Hon. 
 Joseph N. Bailey. 
 
 In 1843 Judge Wilson married a daughter of the late Scotto Clark, for many 
 years a prominent Boston merchant, a cotemporary and friend of Amos and 
 Abbott Lawrence. Mrs. Wilson was a lady of unusual accomplishments, of rare 
 judgment, and much given to deeds of charity. She died in 1877, leaving three 
 sons and two daughters, one of whom died not long after the death of the mother. 
 
 In 1875 Judge Wilson went abroad, visiting the principal cities and places 
 of interest in England and on the continent, spending some time in the Swiss 
 Alps, being a great lover of mountain scenery. In London, as was natural,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 419 
 
 he was most attracted to the English courts, and was introduced to vice-chan- 
 cellor Baker, who showed him gratifying attentions; his observations in France, 
 where he spent considerable time, made him somewhat skeptical as to the 
 stability of their present government, indeed he came away impressed with the 
 conviction that the masses of the French people are not yet fitted for a republican 
 form of government, and that the existing order of things, though in name a 
 republic, is in fact a despotism. He regards the trials in the French courts of 
 criminal procedure as a travesty of justice, where the judge assumes the office of 
 prosecutor, and not infrequently, through mere pride of winning, coerces a finding 
 of guilty, pointing to the trepidations of the accused, which the judge himself has 
 produced by browbeating and superior intellectual strength, as evidence of guilt. 
 
 FERDINAND L. BARNETT. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born of slave parentage at Nashville, Tennessee, 
 February 18, 1855. He removed with his father's family to Canada, in 1859, 
 for school facilities, his father having purchased his freedom, and in 1860 removed 
 to Chicago. There he pursued a four year's course of study in the Chicago central 
 high school, from which he graduated in June, 1874. He then taught school two 
 years, and afterward entered the law department of the Northwestern University, 
 and graduated from that institution in 1878; during the same year was admitted 
 to the bar of Illinois, and immediately entered upon the work of his profession, 
 and has built up a paying business. He is largely engaged in the probate court, 
 and has also a fair share of business in all of the state courts. Mr. Barnett is a 
 self-made man, having earned the money with which he procured his education 
 by service rendered after school hours. He is an energetic young man, affable 
 in his manners, and has many personal friends. Mr. Barnett possesses fine liter- 
 ary tastes. He has been for three years editor-in-chief of the " Conservator," a 
 paper which he established, and which at the present time, 1883, is considered 
 one of the best newspapers published by his race. 
 
 ALBART J. ELVIG. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a Norwegian by birth, and the only person of 
 his name living in America. A. J. Elvig was born at Bergen, Norway, April 
 13, 1841. His parents were natives of Norway, and were people of very high 
 standing, being known almost throughout the Scandinavian peninsula, and his 
 father was a manufacturer of considerable prominence. His youngest sister, 
 Johanne (Elvig) Reiwers, living in Christiana, was educated for the stage, and 
 reached the highest point of honor in her profession, being purely born to the 
 art. The last play she engaged in was ''The Sorrowful World," in which, at the 
 age of thirty-two, she took the character of a girl of eighteen. In honor of her
 
 42O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 high attainments, the King of Sweden presented her with the gold medal "Litteris 
 et Artibus" and the Crown Prince of Sweden with a diamond bracelet in admira- 
 tion of her skill. Just as she had reached this high standard of excellence, having 
 exhausted her strength and power by over-exertion, she died April 29, 1882, much 
 to the loss of her country. The whole city was much grieved, and went in a 
 body to the grave, forming a large procession of the highest ladies in Norway, 
 presenting great floral offerings. 
 
 Mr. Elvig received his early education in the public schools and college of his 
 native city, until the age of sixteen, when he immigrated to America, landing in 
 Boston. His first position was in the service of the state as quartermaster, where 
 he remained two years; thence he entered the service of the United States govern- 
 ment, starting as an ordinary seaman, and served in several positions until 1864, 
 when he removed to Chicago and began the study of law in the office of C. and 
 C. P. Kinney. He was admitted to the bar of Illinois in the fall of 1869, when 
 he began the practice of his profession alone, and has been alone ever since. In 
 1866 Mr. Elvig married a lady from Pennsylvania, who died in February, 1881. 
 He has always devoted his entire time and energy to his practice, which has 
 become extensive and profitable, and is principally among the Germans and Scan- 
 dinavians, with whom he is very popular. 
 
 GEN. JOSEPH S. REYNOLDS. 
 
 JOSEPH SMITH REYNOLDS was born December 3, 1839, at New Lenox, 
 Will county, Illinois. His father, Isaac N., was the son of Joseph S. Reynolds, 
 a native of Maryland, who in early years removed to Urbana, Ohio. In 1817 he 
 removed to Madison county, Illinois, and in 1831 settled at New Lenox. 
 
 His mother, Rue Ann, was the daughter of Abram Holderman, a native of 
 Pennsylvania, who in 1830 settled in Kendall county, Illinois, and who was a son 
 of Christopher Holderman, a Hanoverian officer in the service of England, who 
 was taken prisoner by the Green Mountain boys at the battle of Bennington, 
 August 16, 1777. After the close of the revolutionary war he settled in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and is the progenitor of the Holdermans of that state, and of Ohio and 
 Illinois, many of whom are among the wealthiest and most prominent business 
 people of those states. Isaac N. and Rue Ann Reynolds are still living on their 
 farm at New Lenox, surrounded by every comfort. 
 
 Young Reynolds worked on his father's farm and attended the district school 
 until September, 1856, when he came to Chicago and attended the public schools 
 of that city. He entered the Chicago high school in September, 1857, and gradu- 
 ated therefrom in July 1861. During the last two years he was president of the 
 Irving Society, the literary association of the school. 
 
 During the month of August following his graduating he enlisted in the Union 
 army, and with Fred. W. Matteson, son of Gov. Joel A. Matteson, commenced

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 423 
 
 recruiting the battalion of Yates Sharpshooters, which was known later in the 
 war as the 64th regiment 111. Vol. Inf. December 31 he was commissioned as 
 second lieutenant in Co. F of this regiment, and in January, 1862, with it went to 
 the front. He was in active service three years and ten months, and during this 
 time made for himself a war record that has scarcely a parallel for one of his 
 youthful age. He was promoted five times by commissions from the governor of 
 Illinois, and twice by commissions from the president of the United States. He 
 took part in seventeen historic battles, and was in many lesser engagements. He 
 was slightly wounded at Farmington, Mississippi, May 3, 1862, and again at Dallas, 
 Georgia, May 25, 1864. At Corinth, Mississippi, October 4, 1862, he was wounded 
 in the left leg early in the day, and though the wound was very painful he did 
 not leave the field until the victory was won. Soon after this he was promoted to 
 a captaincy in his regiment, his commission stating "for gallant and meritorious 
 service rendered on the battle-field at Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862." He par- 
 ticipated in the battles and marches of Gen. Sherman's army in going from Chat- 
 tanooga to Atlanta, and was conspicuous for bravery at Resaca, where his sword 
 was shot from his hand while leading a charge made by the skirmishers, and at 
 Dallas and Kenesaw mountain. November i, 1864, he took command of the 64th 
 111., and marched with Gen. Sherman from Atlanta to the sea, and from Savannah 
 to Washington. He commanded the troops and led the charge that captured 
 Pocataligo, South Carolina, January 16, 1865, and with his regiment was among 
 the first to enter Columbia, South Carolina, February 18, and was in the advance 
 line during the charge on and capture of Cheraw, South Carolina, March 3. At 
 Bentonsville, North Carolina, March 21, Gen. J. A. Mower's division of the seven- 
 teenth army corps made an attack on the left flank and rear of the Confederate 
 forces under Gen. Joe Johnson, Col. Reynolds' regiment leading the attack as 
 skirmishers. Col. Reynolds was in command of the advance. He drove the 
 enemy's cavalry and artillery two miles, capturing Gen. Johnson's headquarters, 
 forty horses and twelve prisoners. His regiment was then in the rear of John- 
 son's army, and in its line of retreat; his support was being driven back, and the 
 64th was in great danger of being captured. He contracted his lines and changed 
 his position with so much skill and activity that he was enabled to attack the 
 enemy's flank with great vigor and intrepidity. Gen. Hardee, supposing he was 
 flanked by a large force, fell back with haste, and did not discover his mistake 
 until Gen. Mower had safely crossed the swamp. The 64th then gave the enemy 
 a parting souvenir and fell back. Both Gens. Mower and Fuller highly compli- 
 mented Col. Reynolds and his officers and men on this occasion, and Col. Rey- 
 nolds was also recommended by his superior officers to the president for promo- 
 tion as brigadier-general, which honor he subsequently received. Gen. Reynolds 
 took part in the grand review of Gen. Sherman's army at Washington, District of 
 Columbia, May 24, 1865. 
 
 After leaving the army in July, 1865, he commenced studying law with Scales, 
 Bates and Towsle, and graduated from the law department of the Chicago Uni-
 
 424 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 versity in July, 1866, and was then admitted to the bar and immediately com- 
 menced the practice of the law in Chicago under the firm name of Reynolds and 
 Phelps, his partner being S. D. Phelps. In 1869 he formed a partnership with J. 
 C. Richberg under the firm name of Reynolds and Richberg. Since May, 1874, 
 he has been alone in the practice of his profession. 
 
 In November, 1867, he was elected a member of the Illinois legislature from 
 Chicago, and reelected in the fall of 1869. On taking his seat in the house he 
 soon became one of its active members. The Illinois penitentiary was then an 
 expense to the state of about half a million dollars a year, and he was one to pro- 
 pose and strongly advocate the change in its management which has ever since 
 rendered it self-supporting. He opposed building the new State House at 
 Springfield, preferring either Chicago or Peoria as the future capital of the state. 
 Twice the measure was defeated in the house, mainly by his efforts, and it was 
 only when the bill came from the senate, near the close of the session, that the 
 friends of Springfield triumphed in the house. During the session of 1869-70 he 
 was chairman of the then committee on municipal affairs and insurance, and not- 
 withstanding one-third of all of the bills introduced into the house were referred 
 to this committee, it was never behind with its work, and its chairman gained the 
 reputation of being one of the most efficient workers in the house. He intro- 
 duced the bills to regulate life and fire insurance companies doing business in 
 Illinois, and secured their passage, and they are now the laws on our statute 
 books appertaining to life and fire insurance. 
 
 He was appointed in May, 1870, a member of the board of education of Chi- 
 cago, and served in that capacity until July 1874. 
 
 In the fall of 1872 he was elected to represent the first district, comprising the 
 heart of Chicago, in the state senate, and took a prominent part in its organiza- 
 tion and in its subsequent labors. He was a member of the senate committees 
 on revision of the statutes, on revenue, on appropriations, on state institutions, 
 on the penitentiary and on education, and he looked closely after the business 
 before each of these committees. He discovered that the board of trustees of one 
 of the chief state institutions were acting contrary to law, and though they had 
 just been confirmed by the senate he secured a reconsideration of the vote of 
 confirmation, the rejection of the old board and the appointment of a new one 
 by the governor. Early in the session of 1872-73 he introduced a bill to repeal 
 what was known as the "Lake Front Act," and after a prolonged and very excit- 
 ing contest secured the repeal of that obnoxious law. 
 
 He was appointed by the governor a commissioner from the state of Illinois 
 to the universal exposition at Vienna, and sailed for Europe, May 7, 1873. 
 
 In July, 1875, he was appointed by t*he governor of Illinois a member of the 
 board of commissioners to locate the State Institution for the Education of 
 Feeble-minded Children, and to select plans for its buildings, a duty which he 
 faithfully performed. 
 
 He has, since 1867, been a member of the Gtand Army of the Republic,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 425 
 
 is a warm friend of the soldier and sailor, and is always ready to advocate their 
 rights and has done much for the unfortunate and needy among them. At the 
 grand encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, held in Chicago, May, 
 1875, he was elected senior vice commander-in-chief of the order for the United 
 States, Gov. John F. Hartranft, of Pennsylvania, being the commander-in-chief. 
 He has been a member of the chivalric order of Knights of Pythias since 1872, 
 and is past chancellor in the order. 
 
 His first vote was cast in favor of Lincoln for president, and he has ever since 
 been a republican in politics. 
 
 Gen. Reynolds was married January 31, 1877, to Miss Mattie A. Carey, daughter 
 of George W. Carey, of Chicago. They have one child, Joseph Sheridan Reynolds, 
 born January 23, 1878. 
 
 OLE D. SORENG. 
 
 THE subject of this biography was born in Norway, April 23, 1850, and came 
 to this country in the year 1851. With a view to entering the ministry, he 
 commenced studying at the age of sixteen, at the Augustana College, Paxton, Illi- 
 nois, but afterward abandoned his purpose, and going to Decorah, Iowa, followed 
 the avocation of student and teacher up to 1875. He then commenced to study 
 law with Orlando J. Clark, district attorney for the tenth district of Iowa, and 
 continued a student in his office nearly three years, and was admitted to the 
 bar at Decorah in October 1877. Shortly afterward he went to Minnesota, and 
 was admitted to the bar of that state, where he settled in Granite Falls, and prac- 
 ticed law in that place about two years, but tiring of frontier life, closed his affairs 
 there, and in September, 1880, removed to Chicago, where he found himself almost 
 an entire stranger. Here he was personally acquainted with Rev. C. O. Lindel 
 and Rev. .N. C. Brun, having attended school with them in 1866-7. He had 
 also a business acquaintance with William H. Cunningham, who introduced him 
 to Hon. Emery A. Storrs and other leading members of the Chicago bar. Mr. 
 Soreng was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1880, and for a short time was in 
 the office of Col. R. W. Ricaby, and afterward in the office of Hon. William J. 
 Hynes nearly a year. 
 
 In the spring of 1882 he opened an office of his own, and is meeting with good 
 success in his profession. Of our subject, Orlando J. Clark, with whom he began 
 his law studies, says: "Mr. Soreng is a young man of good morals and sterling 
 integrity ; of good ability, and gives promise of being a light in the profession." 
 The following letter from a member of congress from Iowa but reflects, respect- 
 ing him, the high opinion entertained by those who know him best: . 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C., July 22, 1878. 
 
 I have known Mr. Soreng for several years. He is a young man of excellent habits, industri- 
 ous, of good abilities, and I take pleasure in recommending him as a young attorney-at-law, 
 worthy of confidence. Very truly, T. W. BURDICK.
 
 426 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 In political sentiments Mr. Soreng is an earnest and enthusiastic republican. 
 He is a zealous advocate of temperance, and in his religious sentiments indepen- 
 dent and liberal. He possesses the happy faculty of making friends, and during 
 his short residence in Chicago, has formed a large circle of friends and acquaint- 
 ances, especially among the Scandinavians, many of whom he numbers among 
 his clients. He possesses energy, ability and tact, and has all the requisite ele- 
 ments of a popular and successful lawyer. 
 
 GEN. ALEXANDER M. STOUT. 
 
 THE practice of patent law requires a special talent and a special preparation 
 in order to insure success. The numerous inventions and discoveries daily 
 made, together with the great number of patents already issued in the United 
 States and foreign countries, require the close attention of the practitioner, and 
 the lawyer who gives his attention to the general practice seldom keeps posted on 
 the patents that are issued, or in the law applicable to patent litigation. Besides, 
 in addition to a thorough knowledge of patents and patent law, the lawyer who 
 appears in patent causes should have a mechanical turn of mind and be able to 
 comprehend the most intricate machinery at sight. He should have a thorough 
 knowledge of chemistry and natural philosophy, with a high grade of talent to 
 enable him to cope with the able practitioners who appear in the United States 
 courts where patent litigation is conducted. Such a lawyer, in an eminent degree, 
 is the subject of our sketch, Gen. Alexander M. Stout. He is a native of Shelby 
 county, Kentucky; was born January 8, 1820, and is descended from patriotic 
 ancestors. His father, Simpson Stout, was a soldier of the war of 1812; a mem- 
 ber of the legislature of Kentucky, a man of great native abilities, a public man 
 of note in Kentucky, and a gentleman highly respected for his honorable, manly 
 qualities and upright dealings. 
 
 Alexander was educated at St. Joseph's College in Bardstown, Kentucky, and 
 Harvard Law Schcol. After a very thorough preparation he was admitted to the 
 Kentucky bar in March 1842. He at once entered upon a successful practice of 
 the law at Owensboro, Daviess county, Kentucky, where he was favored with an 
 extensive business, and gained a wide-spread reputation as an eminent counselor 
 and thorough trial lawyer. Being an eloquent advocate, his practice extended 
 over a wide range of country. In 1853 he removed to Louisville, Kentucky, and 
 was made city attorney or corporation counsel, in which capacity he served with 
 marked ability for four years, and successfully contended with many of the ablest 
 . lawyers of that section. 
 
 At the opening of the war of the rebellion in 1861, Mr. Stout, responding to the 
 promptings of "an intense patriotism, declared in many thrilling speeches in favor 
 of the Union, and engaged in raising volunteers, resigning office, and entered the 
 Union army as lieutenant-colonel of the iyth Ky. Voi. Inf., in August 1861. For
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 427 
 
 bravery and gallantry in the field he was promoted to the rank of colonel, Decem- 
 ber 6, 1862, and breveted brigadier-general of volunteers, March 13, 1865. He 
 bore a conspicuous part in the capture of Fort Donelson, and was wounded 
 while leading his men in the thickest of the fight in the first day's battle at Shi- 
 loh. He was at the battle of Chickamauga, and at the storming of Mission Ridge. 
 He was in the command of different brigades and was in the campaign against 
 Atlanta, and in the battle of Franklin. He was mustered out of service January 
 23, 1865, and returned to Louisville, Kentucky. 
 
 In 1865 he was elected on the republican ticket to the state legislature, and 
 was the republican caucus candidate for speaker of the house. He was at once 
 an acknowledged leader in the house, and his advice was sought by his associates 
 in all important or intricate matters. He gave strict attention to the interests of 
 his constituents, and was an earnest advocate of all measures calculated to 
 advance the interests of the state, and particularly of the section which he repre- 
 sented. He served in the legislature until he was appointed chief clerk of the 
 patent office at Washington in August 1866.' He served there until January 20, 
 1868, when the office of commissioner of patents became vacant, and the duties of 
 the office devolved upon him as acting commissioner, and he performed the 
 duties of that office with eminent ability and entire satisfaction until September, 
 1868, when he resigned and opened a law office in Washington, District of Colum- 
 bia, where he remained until March, 1872, making a specialty of patent law. 
 During the time he practiced there he measured lances with many of the ablest 
 and most celebrated lawyers in the United States, and was eminently successful, 
 and gained a high reputation as a patent lawyer. He then removed to Philadel- 
 phia, and continued the practice of the patent law until 1876, when he returned 
 to Louisville and practiced patent law until October 1879. He then removed to 
 Chicago, where he has been in the active practice of the law ever since, and 
 makes a specialty of patents and patent law. 
 
 Gen. Stout is still an active republican. He has been twice married, and has 
 four children living. He had one son killed at the battle of Shiloh. 
 
 JAMES H. WARD. 
 
 TAMES H. WARD, a native of Chicago, was born November 30, 1853. His 
 J parents were born in Ireland. His father, Hugh Ward, who was among the 
 largest building contractors of Chicago in her early years, died in January, 1859. 
 James Ward, building and supply agent of the board of education for over 
 twenty years, was an uncle of our subject. James H. received his early educa- 
 tion at the public schools of Chicago, and afterward attended the University of 
 Notre Dame, pursuing the regular classical course. He entered the Union Col- 
 lege of Law, and after two years' close application graduated, and was admitted 
 to the bar July 4, 1876, since which time he has been in the uninterrupted prac- 
 45
 
 428 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 tice of his profession, and attained to an honorable standing among the younger 
 members of the Chicago bar. In April, 1879, Mr. Ward was elected supervisor 
 and treasurer of the town of West Chicago, and discharged his duties in that 
 office with great satisfaction to the public. October 25, 1877, Mr. Ward mar- 
 ried Miss Agatha St. Clair, of Chicago, daughter of the late Alexander St. Clair, 
 a well-known railroad official. In politics he is a democrat. He is an earnest, 
 patient worker, and to his untiring energy and honorable dealing is, in large 
 measure, due his success. 
 
 HARRISON D. PAUL. 
 
 HARRISON D. PAUL was born August 3, 1835, > n Medina county, Ohio, a 
 son of Hosea Paul, a prominent civil engineer, who was chief engineer of 
 the Atlantic and Great Western railroad, and also consulting engineer of that 
 and other roads. Mr. Paul was educated at the Western Reserve College at 
 Hudson, Ohio; and leaving there in 1851 he went into the employ of the Atlantic 
 and Great Western railroad and other railroads thereafter in railroad surveys, 
 which employment he remained in until 1856. He then began reading law with 
 the firm of McClure and McKinney, of Akron, Ohio, and afterward entered the 
 office of Otis, Coffinberry and Wyman, in Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained 
 until his admission to the bar in 1859, when he went to Cincinnati, Ohio. There 
 he practiced his profession from 1860 until 1877, when he retired from practice, 
 and on account of his wife's ill-health spent the succeeding four years in travel- 
 ing. In 1880 he settled in Chicago, and being admitted to the bar of Illinois 
 resumed the practice of his profession. In 1862 he entered the army and served 
 one campaign, and was chief engineer of the department of the Ohio, attaining 
 the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1857 and 1858 he was deputy clerk of the 
 court of common pleas in Cleveland. 
 
 EDMUND S. HOLBROOK. 
 
 EDMUND S. HOLBROOK resides in Chicago, and is a lawyer by profession. 
 He was born in Grafton, Massachusetts, and there spent his earlier years. 
 His parents, Stephen and Sally (Goddard) Holbrook, were of English ancestry 
 and descendants of the early settlers of New England. They were farmers in 
 the middle walks of life, and Edmund was the youngest of a large family. From 
 his youth he evinced a strong and well denned inclination, taste and aptitude for 
 literary pursuits. After the usual education of the village public school, he took 
 the preparatory course at Phillips Academy, at Andover, entered Amherst Col- 
 lege in 1835, and graduated in 1839 with high honors. 
 
 Immediately upon graduating, he was invited by the New England Anti-sla-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 429 
 
 very Society to become one of its lecturers and standard bearers. As this suited 
 well his inclinations as a friend of universal freedom and as a debater and orator, 
 he entered bravely upon that field of labor, and it required bravery then to espouse 
 so unpopular a cause. 
 
 In the spring of 1840, he resumed school life in Essex county, Virginia, as pro- 
 fessor of languages, belles-lettres and vocal music, and contined in that vocation 
 till 1843. While residing there, he took an active part in the cause of temper- 
 ance, finding occasion sometimes to combat the Gospel ministers. He also took 
 part in politics, sometimes in debates, sustaining the democratic party and its 
 principles, and in the celebrated campaign of 1840 he met in public debate the 
 whig representative in congress of that district, Henry A. Wise, a great pet of his 
 party, and distanced him so effectually that the democratic press boasted of his 
 defeat by a Yankee schoolmaster; whereupon the mad-dog cry of abolitionist was 
 raised, a mob organized and threats made, the ministers of the Gospel taking the 
 lead; but the friends of the able debater rallied, talked as firmly and loudly as 
 their opponents, and violence was abandoned. 
 
 While engaged in teaching, the young professor devoted his leisure hours to 
 the study of the law, and, without instruction, was admitted to the bar at Rich- 
 mond. Discovering, however, that a pro-slavery community was in many respects 
 quite uncongenial to him, he came to the Far West in the fall of 1843, settled first 
 at Ottawa and soon after at Peru, La Salle county, Illinois. 
 
 In 1846, he volunteered, under the call of the President for troops for Mexico, 
 assisted in raising a company, became a lieutenant, joined the ist Illinois under 
 Col. Hardin, served under Gen. Wool, afterward under Gen. Taylor; was in the 
 battle of Buena Vista, and returned at the end of his service in July, 1847, having 
 served faithfully and with honor. In 1848, he established a weekly newspaper, the 
 Peru "Telegraph," free soil in politics, supporting Van Buren for the Presidency. 
 It was the only paper of that kind in that section of the country, and had great 
 influence in molding public sentiment to what it afterward became. He labored 
 for the establishment of the republican party, and for the support of it in peace 
 and in war, and has lived to see a result so little anticipated when in his youth 
 he first set his face toward emancipation. 
 
 In 1852, he married Miss Ann Case, of Racine, Wisconsin, the daughter of 
 Caleb Case, formerly of Oswego county, New York. In 1865, he opened a law 
 office in Chicago, and a branch office at Joliet in 1870. In his profession he has 
 devoted his time and attention to a general law practice. In the law on real prop- 
 erty he is without a superior in the state of Illinois. His power of reason is com- 
 prehensive, extensive and profound, and readily masters the most abstruse, com- 
 plex and subtle propositions. As an orator he is sufficiently fluent to engage, and 
 has command of language to express his ideas directly, tersely and powerfully to 
 carry conviction, and yet upon occasion is full of wit and satire. As a conversa- 
 tionalist, he is pleasing, pensive, instructive and emphatic in expression. In per- 
 son, he is robust and sound, enjoys life, makes acquaintances slowly, and is
 
 430 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 strongly and warmly attached to his friends. His learning and reading are of 
 wide range, and so are his writings and essays. 
 
 His genius for poesy developed in early youth, and is of a decidedly superior 
 order. He was the class poet at the academy and in college. Among his numer- 
 ous poetic productions are his poems entitled the "Mexican War," the most 
 lengthy, published by the association of Mexican veterans, " Chicago and the 
 Great Fire," "A Centennial," "Apostrophe to Man," " Tribute to the Memory of 
 Judge Breese," late of the supreme court of Illinois; and many others are equally 
 worthy of mention. 
 
 As specimens of his style and power these stanzas are here given: 
 
 From the " Mexican War : " 
 
 " Chapultepec, the sentry of the city at her feet, 
 How grand and fixed in sweet repose, in armor how complete! 
 Our last great work shall be our best, to lay her wondrous power, 
 And float ' the Red, the White, the Blue,' above her highest tower. 
 To say it, was the act itself the sealers volunteer! 
 The cannons roar, the troops ascend yet nearer and more near! 
 A conflict hand-to-hand ensues, the stormers mount the walls! 
 A moment more of life and death the grand old Fortress falls! " 
 
 From "Apostrophe to Man:" 
 
 "Oh, man! endowed with mind of heavenly birth; 
 
 Enthroned superior o'er the world below; 
 Fired with ambition that o'erspans the earth, 
 
 With energies to do, as powers to know; 
 
 Let thy whole frame with living virtues glow; 
 Let truth and wisdom all thy counsels be; 
 
 Love, mercy, charity on each bestow; 
 And for thy soul, when death shall set thee free, 
 Cherish the faith and hope of immortality." 
 
 From "Excelsior" (an acrostic) : 
 
 " ' EXCELSIOK! ' the prayer of MAN to Gon: 
 
 Come, Thou, the Guide of my aspiring heart, 
 Conduct my footsteps on the higher road; 
 
 Endow my soul with each diviner part, 
 
 Love, Wisdom, Joy, and Truth's most truthful chart; 
 Show how each crime and wrong I should abhor; 
 
 Inspire each holier thought, each nobler art; 
 Oppress me not in Life's e'er chafing war; 
 Renew each day my strength, Excelsior! EXCELSIOR!!" 
 
 As a religionist, Judge Holbrook's course and thought have been unique and 
 peculiar. His parents were Puritans of the old stripe, and so also nearly all the 
 companions of his youth. Yet he revolted against all these, and soon after his 
 education was commenced, through the involuntary action of his own reason, he 
 came to doubt and to deny the peculiar tenets of Calvinism as unreasonable and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 43 I 
 
 unjust. He then had no faith for many years. Considering that he found in 
 Spiritualism what he sought for in vain elsewhere, he has become its bold and 
 earnest advocate, both by tongue and pen, and his writings, both in prose and 
 poetry, are widely known in the journals and periodicals of that religious sect. 
 
 ANSON B. JENKS. 
 
 A>JSON B. JENKS was born in Tioga County, New York, in 1836, and was the 
 son of Calvin Jenks, whose father was the oldest settler in Tioga county. He 
 attended the Clinton Liberal Institute in New York, and in 1855 entered the 
 Michigan State University at Ann Arbor, where he remained until 1856. He then 
 went to Wisconsin and studied law for one year in the office of Judge Walker, of 
 Plainfield, after which he returned to his native state and entered the office of 
 Warren, Tracy and Walker, of Owego, where he studied until the fall of 1859, 
 having been admitted to the bar at Norwich, New York, the spring preceding. 
 He then removed to Chicago, and in the spring of 1860 entered into partnership 
 with G. C. Walker, since governor of Virginia, and began the practice of his pro- 
 fession. This partnership continued for two years, and Mr. Jenks was alone after 
 its dissolution until 1865, when he formed a connection with F. G. Bradley, under 
 the style of Jenks and Bradley, which continued until the fire in 1871, since which 
 time he has been alone. 
 
 He is a democrat, but not an active one, his life being devoted to his profes- 
 sion. His practice, which is large, is mostly confined to civil cases. 
 
 CHARLES A. FOLSOM. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Skowhegan, Somerset county, Maine, 
 and was born February 26, 1836, the son of the late Jeremiah Folsom. 
 Charles A. is a direct lineal descendant of Gen. Nathaniel Folsom, who was a 
 delegate to the first American congress, and commanded a brigade of New Hamp- 
 shire troops during the revolutionary war, and also distinguished himself in the 
 battles at Fort Edwards, at Crown Point, on the shore of Lake Champlain, during 
 the French and Indian war in 1755. Charles A. left his early home in the valley of 
 the Kennebec, and removed with his parents to Lowell, Massachusetts, where he 
 received an academic education, including a scientific and classical course, and 
 fitted for college at the age of fourteen years. He followed the occupation of 
 surveyor at Lowell for three years; he then went to Boston and worked for Nay- 
 lor and Company, large manufacturers of and dealers in steel. But when the war 
 broke out in 1861 he left his profitable situation, and enlisted in the 4th battalion 
 Mass. Inf., and reentered the service with the rank of captain in September 1861, 
 in the 24th regiment Mass. Vol. Inf. He took part in the battles of Roanoke
 
 432 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO, 
 
 Island, Newbern, Rawl's Mills, and Tranter's Creek. He built the fort at Wash- 
 ington, North Carolina, which was repeatedly attacked without success by the 
 enemy, numbering ten thousand men, and which still stands. He was in the 
 three month's siege at Forts Sumter, Gregg and Wagner, and in a subsequent 
 successful assault on the deadly rifle pits thereof, and in the midnight assault on 
 Fort Sumter. He was charged with the erection of the defenses on Seabrook 
 Island, made for the protection of the navy, while preparing to attack the defenses 
 of Charleston. He was engaged in the campaign of Florida, and also in the 
 fight at Chester Station, Drury's Bluff, Richmond and Petersburgh Turnpike, 
 Fourmile Creek and Deep Run, and was engaged in the fortifications erected at 
 Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, and was subsequently engaged in operations before 
 Petersburgh, Virginia, and other engagements and numerous skirmishes. He 
 was mustered out of service in front of Richmond in 1865, with greatly impaired 
 health. 
 
 In 1868 he came to Chicago and engaged in commercial business until 1875, 
 since which time he has devoted himself to the practice of law. He is a clear 
 thinker, an untiring student, a logical reasoner, and a fluent speaker. 
 
 Capt. Folsom was married June 29, 1871, to Miss Sarah Sweet, a highly edu- 
 cated and refined lady, and daughter of the late Dr. Richard Sweet, of Norton, 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 THOMAS PARKER, JR. 
 
 THOMAS PARKER, JR., is a gentleman of broad views, with a clear, compre- 
 hensive, active mind. He is an excellent trial lawyer, and can with great 
 readiness state a principle and refer to the authorities that illustrate it. He is 
 eloquent and logical, and no man more appreciates or better improves the tech- 
 nical opportunities offered him than Mr. Parker. He is fluent, witty, incisi've, 
 luminous and logical, and during his active career as a lawyer, has measured 
 lances with some of the ablest lawyers in the Northwest, and the succession of 
 victories that have crowned his efforts are evidence of the marked ability univer- 
 sally accredited to him. Considering his age he has attained high rank as a law- 
 yer. By his manly, upright practice he has won the confidence of the courts 
 before whom he practices, the good will of his professional brethren, and the 
 esteem of his clients. 
 
 Mr. Parker is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Washington county, 
 October 3, 1845, and is the son of Thomas Parker and Maria (Denison) Parker. 
 He entered Michigan University, and in 1863 received the second degree, A.M., 
 from the University of Chicago. In 1868 he attended the Union College of Law 
 of Chicago, and graduated from that institution in 1869, and immediately entered 
 upon a successful career as a lawyer. He formed a partnership with J. W. Ela, 
 which has continued up to the present time. Mr. Parker has been engaged in 
 many of the more important cases tried in Chicago during recent years. He
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 433 
 
 assisted in the defense of the bondsmen of Gen. McArthur, ex-postmaster of Chi- 
 cago, and many other reported cases in the state and federal courts. 
 
 He has always been a republican, but has never taken any very active part in 
 politics. He was nominated in 1880 for state senator in the fourth congressional 
 district, but on account of large interests of his own that required his attention 
 he declined. He is a Mason, a Knight Templar, and a member of Apollo Com- 
 mandery of Chicago. He is an affable gentleman, refined and courteous, and has 
 a large circle of admiring friends, who prize him for his manly, upright qualities, 
 and intellectual attainments. 
 
 He was married in May, 1871, to Miss Mary Ellen George, an estimable lady, 
 accomplished, highly educated and refined. They have one child seven years old. 
 Mr. Parker has a fine presence, is of medium height, of stout' build, weighing one 
 hundred and eighty pounds. He has a high, broad and intellectual forehead, 
 with blue eyes and classic features. 
 
 JOHN MATTOCKS. 
 
 THE above named is a son of the late Rev. John Mattocks. He is a native of 
 Keeseville, Essex county, New York. He was born August 13, 1839, and 
 is a practicing attorney at the Chicago bar. 
 
 FRANK COMPTON. 
 
 subject of this sketch is a native of Ohio, and was born near Cincinnati, 
 January 7, 1849, and is the son of the late A. Compton, a carriage manufac- 
 turer and an intelligent business man who held various municipal offices and 
 enjoyed the respect of all who knew him for his ability and integrity. The 
 mother of our subject was Alice P. (Fleming) Compton. Mr. Compton entered 
 Kenyon College in 1867, and graduated with honors from that institution in 1870. 
 He then entered Cincinnati Law School, and took his degree of LL.B. in 1872, 
 and in 1873 received from his alma mater the degree of A.M. He held the offices 
 of town clerk and treasurer, and other positions of trust, in his native place, and 
 was highly respected for his honor and intellectual attainments. 
 
 He removed to Chicago in 1873 and entered at once into legal practice, and 
 has succeeded in establishing a good business by his own exertions. His success 
 is the result of his own unaided efforts, and he numbers among his clients some 
 of the best business men and firms in Chicago. He has been engaged in several 
 suits of magnitude in New York, Ohio, and a number of the western states, and 
 has won the reputation of being an accurate, careful attorney. 
 
 Besides being a careful and conscientious counselor and office lawyer, he is a
 
 434 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 fluent speaker, and skillful in the trial of his cases, and is a gentleman who draws 
 around him many friends and admirers for his moral and intellectual worth. 
 
 In religious sentiments Mr. Compton is an Episcopalian, and in politics he is 
 very conservative. He was married August 13, 1874, to Miss Eva Potts, of Cin- 
 cinnati, a lady of fine accomplishments, educated and refined. They have one 
 child, Grace Fleming. 
 
 A. J. GROVER. 
 
 ALONZO J. GROVER was born in Bethel, Oxford county, Maine, August 
 26, 1828. His father was a farmer of the genial New England type, though 
 attaining to some military preferment, his farm on the side of a rather rugged 
 hill, not favorable to accumulation of wealth beyond comfortable living and rear- 
 ing of a somewhat numerous family. He married Miss Sophronia Bryant, a 
 distant relative of the poet of that name. 
 
 Alonzo was the second son of the family, and early developing an enterprising 
 disposition, and the home prospect offering small inducement, he purchased his 
 time to one and twenty, for the sum of $200, promptly paying to the last dollar 
 as fast as he could earn the money. With his entire wardrobe and stock of 
 worldly goods tied up, literally, in the traditional bandana handkerchief, and 
 with $9 in his pocket, with not yet a decent common school education, and at 
 only fifteen, he bravely took himself into his own keeping, and entered on the 
 work and warfare of human existence, determined to win a manly success. By 
 patient, untiring industry and economy, shunning all the vanities and vices, com- 
 mon then as now to boys and young men, he early discharged his debt to his 
 father, and with a small amount remaining, he entered Gould's Academy in his 
 native town. 
 
 Having wisely improved all his leisure hours as he went along, he was able to 
 fit for college in an unusually short time. He, however, decided not to enter col- 
 lege, and on leaving the academy he commenced the study of law in the office of 
 William Frye, then of Bethel, and was admitted to the bar at Portland in 1853. 
 Becoming deeply interested in the anti-slavery cause, before entering permanently 
 into law practice, he accepted an appointment as lecturer for the American Anti- 
 slavery Society, of which William Lloyd Garrison was president. In that capac- 
 ity he traveled extensively through the New England states, lecturing and 
 attending conventions in many of the principal cities and towns. At that time 
 he formed an intimate acquaintance with Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Theodore 
 Parker, Stephen and Abby Kelley Foster, Parker Pillsbury and all the principal 
 workers in the anti-slavery enterprise. 
 
 In 1853 he removed to Illinois, and settled in the county of La Salle, where 
 he soon began to practice his ajiti-slavery principles, at that time a rash step, 
 especially for a stranger, and a young man besides. But in 1853 he assisted 
 in forming the first republican organization in Illinois, in his own county of
 
 HCCoipar Jr * Ca 
 
 En, byEGW.'l, ..,., SBr ..NY
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR Of CHICAGO. 437 
 
 La Salle. His fidelity to the American Anti-slavery Society, and his friendly 
 personal relations with its officers and members, however, remained ever 
 unchanged. In 1855 he was fiercely mobbed in his own town of Earlville, for 
 harboring a fugitive slave, whose claimant had personal friends in the immediate 
 neighborhood. His house was always a sanctuary to the fleeing slaves, and most 
 welcome and hospitable home for all who were earnestly laboring for their deliv- 
 erance. The lamented Owen Lovejoy, brother of Elijah Parish Lovejoy, the first 
 anti-slavery martyr, was his personal and intimate friend. 
 
 Religiously Mr. Grover has always been of the most humanitarian, as well as 
 liberal and progressive school. He was an early and faithful disciple of Theo- 
 dore Parker, when his preaching was as odious to the churches as were the doc- 
 trines of the abolitionists to the political parties. He joined and remained true 
 to the republican party till under the Grant administration it changed its finan- 
 cial policy of a greenback currency. He then abandoned it, giving powerful and 
 unanswerable reasons for his course. He was the author of the famous plank in 
 the republican platform of 1868 against repudiation, and in favor of the green- 
 back principles which the party leaders shamefully repudiated in 1874. The 
 plank referred to is a most important item in the financial history of that most 
 eventful period, and well worth copying here. It is as follows: 
 
 We denounce all forms of repudiation as a national crime ; and the national honor requires the 
 payment of the public indebtedness in the uttermost good faith to all creditors at home and abroad, 
 not only according to the letter but the spirit of the laws under which it was contracted. 
 
 The bonds were mostly by the law, and the terms thereof at that time, payable 
 in greenbacks or legal tender treasury notes. He aided in inaugurating what is 
 known as the greenback party, and in 1880 canvassed his native state in its inter- 
 est, and bore an important part in electing Gov. Plaisted on that platform. 
 Against the great landed railroad and monied monopolies he labors with pen 
 and tongue, in private and public, every day and everywhere, with an ability, 
 fidelity and fervor rarely equaled, never exceeded. In him all the industrial 
 classes, men and women, have an undaunted, unshaken and untiring friend. 
 
 His professional practice, extending through many states and territories, has 
 prospered beyond his expectations, yielding an annual income of from five to six 
 thousand dollars, for some dozen or fifteen years. His habits have ever been 
 most temperate, never in his life tasting tobacco or intoxicating drinks, rarely tea 
 or coffee, and seldom, now, eating animal food, and is hale, hearty and sprightly 
 at fifty-three years of age. 
 
 Side by side with Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stan- 
 ton, Mr. Grover has always been a firm believer in the equal civil, political, edu- 
 cational and industrial rights of women with men, and that we are yet only a 
 half republic. He holds that taxation is tyranny to men or women, without rep- 
 resentation in the government; that "the consent of the governed" is the only 
 basis of any just government, and that it is both cruelty and injustice to tax 
 '46
 
 438 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 women, to enact, and then compel them to obey laws, in the making and execut- 
 ing of which they have neither vote or voice. 
 
 In 1855 Mr. Grover married Miss Octavia E. Norton, also native of Maine. 
 They have four living children, all sons. The eldest is in business in Chicago; 
 the second, a most promising art student, still pursuing his studies in the best 
 schools of Germany and Italy. The others are yet in childhood. Senator La 
 Fayette Grover, of Oregon, and Maj.-Gen. Grover, of Georgetown, District of 
 Columbia, are of the same Grover connection, and grew up in the same town of 
 Bethel. They have also paternal relation to the Cliffords, of Maine, of whom 
 was the late eminent Chief-Justice Clifford. 
 
 The subject of this brief sketch was never even candidate for office in his life. 
 He never bad such ambition or aspiration. Always at the front in every real and 
 radical reform, his principles, which should have been recommendation, would 
 have barred him from all political preferment. 
 
 Besides his large professional business, Mr. Grover performs a vast amount of 
 writing and lecturing on various topics, temperance, woman suffrage, social, 
 financial, labor and other reformatory enterprises, occasionally publishing some 
 of his papers and essays for wider circulation. "The Serfdom of Woman, Taught 
 and Enforced in the Bible," was one of these, and has hitherto challenged any 
 successful refutation, after a wide reading in every part of the country. He 
 established and for some years edited the Earlville "Transcript," making it the 
 vehicle for all his favorite ideas on human progress and elevation. For several 
 years he has been editorial contributor to the Chicago " Sentinel," and contrib- 
 utor to the " Weekly Magazine " and other papers. Many of his articles evince a 
 power of description and discrimination, of ringing invective too, as well as logic 
 and argument when occasion demands, second to none in the whole department 
 of editorial and journalistic genius and power. 
 
 A. D. CARTER. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a thorough lawyer, especially in real estate and 
 commercial law, to which he has principally given his attention. He is an 
 easy, fluent speaker, with a logical turn of mind. He presents his cases to both 
 court and jury in a clear, concise manner, always talking to the point, and never 
 confusing the mind of the juror with inapt illustrations or words introduced for 
 mere show or effect. He is well posted in the statute law, and in the decisions of 
 the courts, and is thoroughly conversant with the rules of practice of the various 
 courts. He always exercises due care in the preparation of all papers; is a good 
 special pleader, and has excellent judgment in all matters of law and general bus- 
 iness. A. D. Carter is a native of Illinois, and was born in Waverly, Morgan 
 county, November 5, 1843, and is the son of Platt S. and Flora Carter. He com- 
 menced his education ir, the public schools; fitted for college under a private tutor;
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 439 
 
 entered Michigan University at Ann Arbor in 1864; graduated from that institu- 
 tion in 1868; read law with E. Webster Evans, and Waite and Clark in Chicago; 
 was admitted to the bar in 1870, and has been in the successful practice of his 
 profession in Chicago since that time; devoting his attention exclusively to 
 civil practice. He now numbers among his clients many of the best business 
 firms in Chicago whose confidence he has retained by strict attention to business 
 and true fidelity to his clients' interests. He sustains an unblemished character 
 for integrity and uprightness. He is an unassuming gentleman, kind and courte- 
 ous in his intercourse with mankind, and possesses the faculty of making friends 
 of all who are so fortunate as to make his acquaintance. 
 
 CHESTER D. PRATT. 
 
 CHESTER D. PRATT was born September 15, 1838, in Weymouth, Massa- 
 V_^ chusetts, and is the son of George W. and Lucy (Russell) Pratt. He 
 received his education in Thetford Academy (Vermont) and Dartmouth College, 
 and studied law with John Meyer, in Boston. He afterward went to Missouri, 
 and after further preparation in an attorney's office was, in 1856, admitted to prac- 
 tice in that state. He entered at once into the practice of his profession at Lee- 
 mon and Brookfield, Missouri, and continued in a successful business until 1868, 
 when he removed to Chicago, which he has since made his home. Mr. Pratt is a 
 lawyer of good ability, and is well read in his profession. 
 
 He married Miss Sallie L. Downey, of Linn county, Missouri, a native of Clear 
 Spring, Maryland, and a lady of refinement and literary attainments. 
 
 WILLIAM G. BEALE. 
 
 WILLIAM G. BEALE is a native of Maine, and was born at Winthrop, Sep- 
 tember 10, 1854, and is the son of William Beale and Lucinda (Bacon) 
 Beale. He is the grandson of John Bacon, a man of great natural ability and 
 general information, well known and highly respected in Kennebec county, Maine. 
 He graduated at Hallowell Classical and Scientific Academy, and afterward 
 entered Bowdoin College, and graduated from that famous institution in the class 
 of 1877. He removed to Chicago the following spring, and became principal of 
 Hyde Park high school, studying law in the meantime in the office of Williams 
 and Thompson, of Chicago, and was admitted to the bar in March, 1881. Resign- 
 ing the principalship of his school, he became connected with the law office of 
 Isham and Lincoln, Mr. Isham being a well known lawyer of high standing in 
 Chicago, and the other member of the firm being Hon. Robert T. Lincoln, the 
 present able and popular secretary of war. and son of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. 
 Beale has early in life entered upon an apparently successful career as a lawyer.
 
 44O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He has the polish and refinement of a liberally educated gentleman, and is an 
 easy, fluent and effective speaker and logical reasoner. His many friends have 
 good reason to look forward to a realization of their fondest anticipations in his 
 behalf. He addressed political meetings with good effect in the presidential 
 campaign in behalf of Garfield and Arthur. He is a diligent student, active and 
 energetic, and highly respected by all who know him for his honor and integrity. 
 
 MAXIMILIAN EBERHARDT. 
 
 MAXIMILIAN EBERHARDT was born in the city of Germersheim, Rhine- 
 Bavaria, June 12, 1843. His parents, also, were natives of that place. His 
 father, George J. Eberhardt, held the lucrative and honorable position of baker 
 to the militia. He was appointed to it for the reason that when his son was 
 christened, Maximilian II, afterward king of Bavaria, was at the city, and stood 
 god-father to the boy, also promising to defray the expenses of his education. 
 The royal sponsor was as good as his word, and the senior Eherhardt received 
 the appointment of superintendent of the bakery. He held this office about five 
 years, when he became implicated in the revolution of 1848, and his position was 
 taken from him. He remained in the city until 1853, where his son received the 
 excellent educational advantages of the German public school system, until he 
 was ten years of age. He was then ready to be transferred to the Latin school, 
 but before this change could be made the family emigrated to America. As an 
 instance of the thorough manner in which the common schools of Germany are 
 conducted, we mention the fact that on reaching New York, Maximilian and his 
 younger brother were admitted to higher classes than those they had left, although 
 not understanding a word of English. 
 
 Young Eberhardt attended the public schools of New York, and afterward a 
 private college, until 1859, when the family removed to Cincinnati. He had a 
 great desire for knowledge, and was constantly adding to his store of general 
 information, and also disciplining his mind by means of close and careful study. 
 By self-instruction, he attained great proficiency in the language of his native 
 country, and became conversant with its literature. He also made great progress 
 in the higher English branches, acquiring a high degree of perfection. His 
 thoughts sought early expression in verse, and when but sixteen years of age, one 
 of his poems was published in a German literary journal of high standing in New 
 York city. He began the study of the law in the office of Jacob Wolf, of Cincin- 
 nati, and meanwhile formed an intimate acquaintance with Judge Stallo, of that 
 city, with whose genial and scholarly mind the young man held intercourse of 
 great advantage. While pursuing his law studies, Mr. Eberhardt published a 
 lecture on art in its relation to human civilization, handling his subject in a very 
 able manner. The lecture received the favorable criticism of Judge Stallo, and 
 was heartily appreciated by those who knew the young student and had watched 
 his intellectual progress.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 441 
 
 At twenty-one years of age Mr. Eberhardt was admitted to the bar, and prac- 
 ticed law three years. He then removed to Chicago, where resided the family of 
 the lady who afterward became his wife. Here he opened a law office, and soon 
 became known as an industrious student, who sought distinction by fair and 
 honest conduct in the discharge of his professional duties. 
 
 May 22, 1869, he was married to Miss Sarah Singer, of Chicago, a young lady 
 whose charm of manner was only equaled by her grace of mind and heart. Dur- 
 ing that year Mr. Eberhardt was nominated on the people's ticket as justice of 
 the peace, and elected. He held the office four years, and by his able, upright 
 and conscientious course, gave such marked satisfaction to the public that he was 
 again nominated and elected, but failed to obtain his commission from the gov- 
 ernor, the question having arisen as to whether the office existed under the new 
 constitution. He therefore resumed the practice of law, continuing it with uni- 
 form success. 
 
 In 1875 ne was again recommended to the office of justice of the peace, and 
 appointed by Gov. Beveridge. His official conduct has received the highest 
 approval of his fellow-citizens. He is ever painstaking, discreet and judicious, 
 qualities which can never fail of appreciation. In politics Judge Eberhardt has 
 always affiliated with the republican party until its temporary disruption in 1872. 
 He was the author of the address of the German American central organization 
 which, in 1873, gave the first impulse toward the coalition of the disaffected 
 republicans and democrats, and which for some time united the liberal elements 
 of both parties. It was also mainly through his solicitation that Carl Schurz 
 responded to the call of a number of prominent Germans of this city, and 
 delivered, in the summer of 1871, his famous speech in Chicago, inaugurating 
 the liberal movement. He is not a partisan, but gives his influence in favor of 
 those who, in his judgment, are most suitable for office, irrespective of political 
 prejudice. He is not a seeker of official honors; but the excellent manner in 
 which he had fulfilled, while in office, the duties devolving upon him, led to his 
 reappointment in 1878. He had the recommendation and hearty support of all 
 the more prominent German citizens, in consideration of his exemplary record, 
 without regard to his political views. 
 
 Judge Eberhardt has been especially distinguished by his own countrymen, 
 who have appointed him to various positions of trust and honor among them. 
 He was elected secretary of the German Aid and Relief Society in 1874, a position 
 which he has held ever since, meriting the special thanks of those who elected 
 him to the position by the excellent manner in which he has at all times dis- 
 charged his onerous duties. He was for a number of years president of a benev- 
 olent society known as Bismarck Bund, a very large organization, whose members 
 were, during its existence, found in all parts of the state. He is also a prominent 
 member of the North American Turner Bund. He was at one time a member of 
 the board of directors, and vice-president of the Chicago Union. 
 
 Judge Eberhardt has given attentive culture to his literary tastes, and has
 
 442 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 contributed a large number of poems to various literary journals of the country. 
 He is represented in a collection of poems by German American authors, pub- 
 lished by E. Steiger and Company, New York, the first work of the kind ever 
 published in this country. He has also published a small work in the German 
 language, on the legal position of married women, a comprehensive though con- 
 cise essay which traces the position of married women from former times under 
 the common law to their present one under the recent changes in our statute law. 
 When Mr. John J. Lalor planned his " Encyclopaedia of Political Science and 
 Political Economy," now in course of publication by Rand, McNally and Com- 
 pany, Mr. Eberhardt was among the first who were invited to contribute to the 
 work, the importance and high standard of which is recognized and appreciated 
 by all competent critics throughout the country. Mr. Eberhardt has also con- 
 tributed several articles to Blanchard's " History of the Northwest." 
 
 CHARLES WILLIAMS. 
 
 /CHARLES WILLIAMS, the third son of Richard and Caroline Williams, is a 
 V / native of Chicago. When he was about five years of age the family removed 
 from the city to a'farm in the wilds of northern Michigan, near the town of Lud- 
 ington. Here, for six years, the young lad lived in the depths of the forest, 
 doing his part in the rude labors of pioneer life throughout the long summer 
 days, and gathering the elements of a sound English education during the winter 
 months at the little district school, which was the best educational institution 
 northern Michigan afforded in those days. To the stern discipline and vigorous 
 exercise of his earlier years may be attributed that iron constitution and that 
 indomitable will which have enabled him to rise above the obscurity of his birth 
 and force his way to an honorable position in his profession. 
 
 In the year 1869, the family returning to Chicago, Charles entered a city 
 school, and maintained the class leadership both in the school room and on the 
 play ground up to the day of his graduation. He subsequently entered the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago, but determining to enter the legal profession, decided not to 
 take a complete collegiate course, and entered the Union College of Law at Chi- 
 cago. The necessity of assisting in the support of his widowed mother and 
 younger sister retarded his progress somewhat, and when finally he applied for 
 admission to the bar, he had really been able to devote only eight months of the 
 two years reading required to actual and uninterrupted study. Despite this dis- 
 advantage, however, he stood second in a class of forty-two, his percentage being 
 ninety-six, while the class leadership was carried off by a man who had devoted five 
 years to his studies and obtained a percentage of ninety-seven. After admission to 
 the bar Mr. Williams at once opened an office forhimself and engaged in active busi- 
 ness, receiving from the beginning a fair patronage, which has steadily increased, 
 and few attorneys of equal age in Chicago can exhibit a more honorable record
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 443 
 
 or boast of a more remunerative practice. Mr. Williams has been identified with 
 several popular movements from time to time. For nearly two years he gave 
 considerable attention to political matters, but finding the requirements of party- 
 work incompatible with his professional duties, abandoned it, and has since stead- 
 fastly refused the use of his name either upon committees or as a candidate for 
 office. 
 
 Mr. Williams is happily endowed with that indefinable personal quality 
 termed a "presence." In speaking, he is deliberate and argumentative, seldom 
 telling stories and never resorting to the dramatic. Occasional flowers of rhetoric 
 adorn his diction, while spontaneous bursts of wit often relieve his logic. In 
 repartee, he is quick, incisive and strikingly original. Socially, he is genial, kind 
 hearted and hospitable, and his office is the rendezvous of a coterie of warm 
 friends, who are always welcome to the best entertainment his facilities afford. 
 
 Concerning religious matters he is very reticent. His belief is: " Religion is 
 a controverted question, based more upon individual opinion than upon evidence. 
 I believe in a God, but while I entertain my own views concerning His nature 
 and the future destiny of man, I esteem it folly to waste time in attempting to 
 argue that which from the very nature of the supernatural must remain a matter 
 of conjecture." 
 
 To sum up, Mr. Williams is a promising young lawyer, endowed with a fine 
 personnel, a well balanced and philosophical mind, a broad and generous dispo- 
 sition, and many of those lighter graces which serve a man so well in social life. 
 
 HENRY A. WILDER. 
 
 HENRY A. WILDER was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1844, and is 
 the son of Augustus Wilder, and_ Abby (Tilton) Wilder, and a direct 
 descendant, in the paternal line, of one of three brothers of his name, who came 
 over in the Mayflower in 1620. Mr. Wilder's grandfather held a captain's com- 
 mission in the war of 1812. True to Puritan instincts, the old family Bible has 
 been read and preserved, and this family now has in its possession one that has 
 been read and re-read by successive generations during the past one hundred and 
 fifty years. Mr. Wilder's grandmother, it is said, read this book through thirty- 
 six times. 
 
 Mr. Wilder was educated in the public schools of his native city, and at Phil- 
 lips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts, and graduated therefrom. He then 
 studied the classics two years under a private tutor, and entered Columbia Law 
 College in the District of Columbia in 1868. He was in the i4th Mass. Vols. 2d 
 army corps, and fought in the war of the rebellion, under Gen. W. S. Hancock, 
 twenty-three months. After being mustered out of the service, he was appointed 
 to a first-class clerkship by the secretary of war, and assigned to duty in his office 
 in Washington, District of Columbia. He remained there about ten months, and
 
 444 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 was then appointed to a first-class clerkship in the second auditor's office. In 
 September, 1868, he removed to Chicago, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois, 
 and since that time has been engaged in the practice of the law in Chicago. 
 During his practice he has devoted much attention to the criminal branch, and 
 conducted a number of important criminal cases, notably that of the people vs. 
 Bridget Carlin, who was indicted for murder in 1870. He defended her before 
 Judge McAllister in the circuit court, and secured her acquittal. He also defended 
 Flora Crandall and Keno Anderson, charged with being the authors of the Wilce 
 murder, which occasioned great excitement in Chicago at the time. Who the 
 perpetrators of the murder were, has ever since remained a mystery. 
 
 JACOB C. TURNES. 
 
 A1ONG the promising young attorneys at the Chicago bar, is Jacob C. 
 Turnes. He was born in Chicago in the year 1857, and educated mainly in 
 her public schools. He studied law with one of the leading firms of Chicago, and 
 after a thorough, practical course, was admitted to the bar when twenty-one years 
 of age, passing a creditable examination. He at once opened an office on his own 
 account, and commenced the practice of his profession, and is prosecuting the 
 same with more than ordinarily fair prospects of success. His father is one of the 
 older residents of Chicago, who has, by dint of industry and careful management, 
 accumulated a competency, and won an honorable standing in the community. 
 Jacob is a young man of substantial abilities and excellent habits, and has been 
 successful in chancery practice particularly, and has before him a bright future. 
 He is devoted to his profession, and with his industry, energy and integrity will 
 succeed. Though yet young in years and experience, he is employed in important 
 cases in the higher courts, and has often acquitted himself in a manner that 
 would do honor to lawyers older in years and practice. 
 
 DANIEL W. MANCHESTER. 
 
 DANIEL W. MANCHESTER was born in the year 1838 in New York city, 
 where his father, Hon. P. B. Manchester, was then practicing law. having a 
 large and influential practice. In the fall of 1844, when Daniel was six years of 
 age, his father moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, and it was there that the son received 
 his early education and prepared for college. In the year 1852, at the age of four- 
 teen, he entered Yale College. After remaining two years in the academical 
 department, he entered the law school and studied there one year. After leaving 
 college, he continued the study of law in Racine, Wisconsin, with Hon. Wm. Pitt 
 Lyon, who is now one of the judges of the state of Wisconsin. 
 
 In 1856, Mr. Manchester removed to Chicago and entered into the active duties
 
 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. 445 
 
 of a newspaper reporter for one of the Chicago dailies, continuing the study of 
 law at the same time. Two years later, at the age of nineteen, he was admitted 
 to the bar of the state of Illinois. Mr. Manchester immediately thereafter became 
 a member of the well known law firm of P. B. Manchester and Sons, of Chicago, and 
 is now the only surviving member of that firm. In 1865, Mr. Manchester was 
 nominated on the McClellan ticket for the state legislature, but met with the same 
 fate as the rest of the ticket, which was a general defeat. In the same year, 
 immediately after his defeat for the legislature, he was elected attorney for the 
 Consolidated Silver Mining Company of New York and Nevada, and remained 
 in that position for two years, having his office in New York city, but spending 
 one year in the mining regions of Nevada and California in the interest of the 
 company. Mr. Manchester returned to Chicago in 1868 and resumed the practice 
 of law, which he has continued uninterruptedly ever since. He has a large and 
 extensive practice, both civil and criminal, and is a well known member of the 
 Chicago bar. 
 
 MILTON L. KNIGHT. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a native of central New York, born at Sau- 
 quoit, Oneida county, September n, 1829. His father, William Knight, 
 was a native of Sackett's Harbor, of the Empire State. He was a prominent 
 citizen and politician, having represented his district in the legislature at Albany, 
 New York, in 1836. He afterward was elected to the office of justice of the peace 
 and subsequently associate judge while Judge Bacon was chief-justice in the 
 court of common pleas, holding the office of magistrate until his death in 1875. 
 The mother of Milton L. was Belinda (Mosher) Knight, who was also a resident 
 of New York, but originally of New England stock. His early education was 
 obtained at the public schools and at the Sauquoit Academy; also attending 
 school in the city of Utica, New York. Subsequently he attended college at 
 Cazenovia, New York. 
 
 In 1849 he commenced the study of law with Hon. Volney Owen, an eminent 
 jurist at Mohawk, Herkimer county, New York, Mr. Owen then being district 
 attorney. While in Cazenovia he continued reading law with Judge Hough in 
 that city. In 1851 he left New York state for the West, opening a school at 
 Potosi, Wisconsin, during which time he read law with Hon. Orsimus Cole, pres- 
 ent chief-justice of the supreme court of Wisconsin. Immediately following he 
 engaged as principal of the third ward school in Dubuque, Iowa, still reading his 
 profession with Judge Wiltse, of that city. Going from there to Knoxville, Illi- 
 nois, he read law with Hon. H. N. Keightly, and in the spring of 1854 was 
 admitted to the bar of Illinois, when he commenced practice in the city of 
 Galesburg, being soon elected prosecuting attorney; holding that office for one 
 year, he was elected city justice, the criminal business being specially assigned to 
 his court by order of the mayor and common council. 
 47
 
 446 THE BENCH AND BAR 01-' CHICAGO. 
 
 During the rebellion he assisted in recruiting and raising a fund to fill the 
 quota of troops in the district where he resided. In 1864 he removed to McDon- 
 ough county, Illinois, where he was elected trustee and public prosecutor at 
 Prairie City. While residing in McDonough county, Mr. Knight was retained as 
 attorney and solicitor for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad, which 
 position he held for six years. He has been very successful in the management 
 of large railroad cases, among others recovering $10,000 in the suit of Ramsey 
 vs. Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railroad Company, first tried in United 
 States circuit court before Judge Blodgett and a jury, but ultimately tried on 
 appeal in the United States Supreme Court, at Washington, District of Columbia, 
 and judgment affirmed. He was a candidate before the county convention of 
 McDonough county for county judge, and came within one vote of a nomination. 
 
 Removing to Chicago in 1872, he has there continued in the practice of the 
 law since. Mr. Knight, being engaged in land pursuits since 1880, spends a por- 
 tion of his time at Casselton, Dakota Territory. He has incidentally been 
 retained in important litigation in the district courts at Fargo, Dakota Territory, 
 also having a large practice in the surrounding judicial circuits. 
 
 He was married in 1857 to Miss Ann Seely, daughter of William Seely, of 
 La Salle county, Illinois, one of the earliest pioneers of the state, having settled 
 at Springfield, Sangamon county, in 1818, the result of their union being two 
 daughters, the elder being the wife of Willis M. Dietrich of Chicago. In poli- 
 tics, Mr. Knight is a republican, being an active worker and devoted to the inter- 
 ests of his party. H; is an able attorney, safe counselor and good citizen. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. RICHOLSON. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. RICHOLSON was born January 30, 1854, at Adams, La Salle 
 county, and was the son of Lars R. and Helen L. (Johnson) Richolson, both of 
 whom were of Norwegian descent. His father was a prosperous farmer and stock 
 raiser,and a man who was much respected. His mother is still living (1883). During 
 his boyhood Benjamin lived at home, assisting in the farm work, and also attended 
 the district schools, and later spent two years studying in Jennings' (now Clark's) 
 Seminary, at Aurora, Illinois. In school he was studious and apt, and being fond 
 of study early determined to prepare himself for professional life. Accordingly, 
 after leaving the seminary, in 1873, he entered upon a course of legal study and 
 training in the law office of Richolson and Snow, at Ottawa, Illinois. During the 
 succeeding three years he devoted himself assiduously to the study of law, and 
 became familiar with its rudimentary principles and rules of practice, and in 
 January, 1876, was admitted to the bar of Illinois. In the fall of the same year 
 he removed to Chicago, believing that he should there find a wider scope and 
 readier opportunity for the exercise of his talents, and for a short time was asso- 
 ciated with Charles H. Crawford. Later he was connected with the office of
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 447 
 
 Tuley, Stiles and Lewis, and in 1879 opened an office in the Major Block, and 
 has established there a good practice. 
 
 Mr. Richolson is a young man of much promise, possessing fine native endow- 
 ments. He is at once a good lawyer, a thorough business man and a genial 
 gentleman, and with his abilities and attainments must take an honorable and 
 honored position in his profession. 
 
 Mr. Richolson was married October 15, 1879, to Miss Ella Daley, of Chicago, 
 a charming and accomplished lady. 
 
 In politics Mr. Richolson is an active repulican, and is a member of several 
 different political organizations. 
 
 ANDREW GROH. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born at Hallstadt, near Bamberg, Bavaria, 
 Germany, July 24, 1836. He received a classical education at the Royal 
 College of Bamberg, Schwenfurt, and at the University of Wurzburg, and at the 
 Royal Agricultural College at Weihenstephan, near Munich, Bavaria, and after- 
 ward had, for nine years, the management of large estates in East Prussia. 
 Immigrating to America in June, 1867, he settled first in Lake Forest, Lake 
 county, Illinois, where he worked in the family of S. J. Learned, to learn Eng- 
 lish ; then worked on a farm in Livingston county, Illinois. From 1868 to 
 1870 he was engaged in teaching at Grand Prairie Seminary, in Onarga, Illinois, 
 where he gained the reputation of being one of the best educators in the state. 
 He then, in 1871, came to Chicago, commenced the study of the law in the office 
 of Frank Adams, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1873, and has con- 
 tinued in practice with reasonable success ever since. Since 1873 he has been 
 connected with the Chicago Mechanics' Institute as a director, and with the Chi- 
 cago Athenaeum and Bryant and Stratton's College as a teacher, devoting his 
 spare time to the teaching of German and English in the latter two institutes. 
 
 Mr. Groh is systematic in his method of thought and business, and a good 
 counselor. He is deep in research of authorities, careful in the preparation of his 
 cases and an expert in office work. 
 
 JAMES WEST. 
 
 JAMES WEST was born at Selby, England, June i, 1841, and is the son of John 
 West, and Sarah (Ackroyd) West. His father was superintendent of the Mid- 
 land railroad, England, and immigrated to this country to engage in railroading, 
 but died the first year after his arrival at Elmwood, Illinois. His mother was a 
 sister of William Ackroyd, a wealthy manufacturer of worsted goods at Stowell's 
 Mills, in Bradford, Yorkshire, England. James was educated at Belmont Academy, 
 Liscord, England, and at Wheaton College, Illinois, and after closing his studies
 
 448 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 in college in 1859, he engaged in mercantile business at Wheaton with good suc- 
 cess, and for a short time afterward was buyer for Field, Leiter and Company, in 
 the notion department of their business, after which he engaged in the wholesale 
 notion business in Chicago as a member of the firm of Torrence, Manning and 
 Company, which afterward became Manning Brothers, West and Company. 
 Closing out his interest in this firm in 1868, he was buyer and general manager 
 for J. B. Shay, wholesale dealer in notions and gentlemen's furnishing goods, 
 Chicago, until the fire of 1871. During the following year he was engaged in 
 the retail dry goods business on his own account. Yielding to a long cherished 
 desire to enter the legal profession, he at the end of that time commenced to read 
 law with T. M. Manning, and also entered the Union College of Law, and gradu- 
 ated from that institution in 1880 and was admitted to the bar in Chicago, and 
 followed the general practice one year. Since 1881 Mr. West has been acting as 
 credit man and attorney for Eddy, Harvey and Company, wholesale dealers in 
 robes, furs, hats, caps, etc. He is an energetic, intelligent, upright man ; a good 
 judge of human nature, and in his manner and address pleasing and courteous. 
 Mr. West was married December 29, 1875, to Mrs. C. A. Long, and has had by 
 her two interesting children. 
 
 EMERY A. STORRS. 
 
 " T T OW difficult is it," writes President Brown, in his preface to the life of 
 1 _l Rufus Choate, "to portray the peculiarities of his character its lights 
 and shades so delicate, various and evanescent. I cannot but feel how inadequate 
 is any delineation to present a complete picture of that subtle, versatile and exu- 
 berant mind with psychological exactness." Similar considerations embarrass the 
 writer as he approaches the subject of this sketch. As difficult is it to "paint the 
 bow upon the bended heavens; " to perpetuate the variegated flashes of the aurora, 
 or by the magic of art to reclaim the momentary sparkle of a gem, as with words 
 to delineate an adequate picture of Emery A. Storrs, the advocate, the orator, the 
 scholar, the litterateur. The mere fact that Mr. Storrs' fame as an orator is not 
 only national but international, is indicative, in and of itself, of the difficulties 
 inherent in the very matter in discussion. Oratory, as to form, is protean, while 
 as to color it is variable as the chameleon and brilliant as the prism. Like the 
 glories of dawn or the hues of sunset, oratory is but for the hour. Like the elec- 
 tric point, its light is intense, yet self-consuming. The very term implies the 
 relation of speaker and hearer, the charmer and the charmed, the one who enchants 
 and those enchanted. Separate these factors and the spell is broken. Can the 
 untutored mind see aught in a page of Mozart or Beethoven but an array of mean- 
 ingless hieroglyphics? Can the untuned harp reveal its marvelous possibilities to 
 the inexperienced ? So is it with the orator when away from the spirit of the 
 occasion, the inspiration of the hour. All this is particularly true of American 
 oratory, as contradistinguished from that of every other age and country, and its
 
 KCCoopsr J f i Cc
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 449 
 
 each and every feature is forcibly exemplified in the genius of Emery A. Storrs. 
 For a genius Emery A. Storrs most assuredly is, if by that word is "implied high 
 and peculiar gifts of nature," impelling the mind to creative imagery of the high- 
 est type, " and reaching its ends by a kind of intuitive power." Rufus Choate has 
 his only living antitype in Emery A. Storrs. For it is with Storrs as it was with 
 Choate, his style is a combination of all that was best in the rival schools of Atti- 
 cism and Asianism. It possesses at once the compactness, the perspicuity and 
 grace of the first, with the gorgeous coloring and vivid phrase of the latter. In 
 outline it is as harmonious as a Greek statue, while its hues remind us of an ori- 
 ental garden. Although in his style Mr. Storrs thus displays the merits of these 
 schools, he at the same time avoids their defects. In their endeavor to subor- 
 dinate form to thought, the Attic orators were ofttimes cold and rigid in phrase. 
 On the other hand, the Asiatics manifested a tendency to superabundant orna- 
 ment and inordinate fancy. Not so with Mr. Storrs, who, in his avoidance of 
 extremes and delicate adjustment of substance to mould, reveals a literary art 
 akin to that of Heinrich Heine. As a lawyer, Mr. Storrs is scarcely less distin- 
 guished than as an orator. He comes of a family of lawyers, and is the son 
 of an eminent member of that profession, his father being Hon. Alexander 
 Storrs, now a resident of Cattaraugus county, New York. Emery A. Storrs was 
 born in the same county, August 12, 1835. He studied law first with his father 
 and Hon. M. B. Champlain, at Cuba, Allegany county, New York. M. B. Cham- 
 plain was twice attorney general of that state. Young Storrs then went to Buffalo, 
 where, after diligently pursuing his legal studies in the office of Austin and 
 Scroggs, he was admitted to practice in 1855. In 1857 he went to New York city, 
 remaining there but two years. He came thence to Chicago in 1859. Devoted 
 to his profession, he has never been an officeseeker or officeholder. And yet, as a 
 conspicuous citizen of the republic, he has ever taken a profound, intelligent and 
 efficient interest in political affairs. Never has he been reluctant to sacrifice either 
 personal ease or professional profit in behalf of the public welfare. Politically a 
 decided republican, to that party he has constantly dedicated his great talent. In 
 1868, 1872 and 1880 he was delegate-at-large from Illinois to the national repub- 
 lican convention, being on each occasion one of the foremost in shaping the policy, 
 characterizing the resolutions and formulating the platforms of the party. With 
 a trenchant pen and a clarion voice has he battled for the right as he understood 
 it. Accomplished in literature, learned in jurisprudence, proficient in politi- 
 cal philosophy, familiar with economic science, acute and alert of mind, and a 
 master of brilliant and lucid expression, Emery A. Storrs, whether as lawyer or 
 politician, advocate or orator, has been useful to his country and an ornament to 
 his state. 
 
 So much for the man considered in the abstract. Should this terminate our 
 view, it could scarcely be complete. Whatever a man may be absolutely, is of 
 slight practical interest. It is his relative position with which his fellows are 
 mostly concerned. Potentially, man is naught to his kind until quickened by
 
 450 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 domestic, social and political contact, either for weal or woe. This is essentially 
 true of republics. In free states public welfare is in exact proportion with the 
 extent, quality and degree of interest manifested by the citizens thereof, indi- 
 vidually and collectively. So sensitive were the democracy of ancient Greece to 
 this truth that a negative position as to public affairs was constituted an offense 
 of equal gravity with overt treason. Through eternal vigilance alone can free- 
 dom and prosperity be maintained. No citizen of the United States has been, or 
 could have been, more keenly alive to this verity than Mr. Storrs. For thirty 
 years he has been actively identified with movements in the interests of public 
 morals and education. No question of civil moment, whether in the nation, state 
 or municipality, has escaped his attention. In opinion sharply defined and in 
 character positive, his movements are never undecided. Familiar with the deduc- 
 tions of Story, Kent, Webster and Lieber ; convinced intellectually that the 
 federal union was neither a league nor pact, but a government; and stimulated by 
 a noble patriotism, he was a leading and potent member of the union defense 
 committee. He drafted the constitution and by-laws of the Citizens' Associa- 
 tion, and is interested in the Historical Society, Press Club and other institutions 
 of kindred character. Versed in educational studies, theoretically and practi- 
 cally, in these matters he has been an intelligent exponent of reform. Believing, 
 however, that learning and morality should go hand in hand, he has not been 
 satisfied with contemplating the generalizations of Maurice or the teachings of 
 Bain. "Action!" is his motto, as has been instanced by his connection with the 
 Citizens' League for the Suppression of the Sale of Liquor to Minors. 
 
 The extent and value of Mr. Storrs' attainments as a lawyer, scholar and lit- 
 terateur cannot be properly estimated without a continued personal contact with 
 him. As substantial monuments of his varied accomplishments in general liter- 
 ature, attention might be called to his numerous lectures, notably those on " Eng- 
 lish Constitution," on "Culture," "Patriotism," "Men of Action," "Municipal 
 Government, 1 ' and lectures before the Chicago Historical Society. Of these 
 efforts, the first mentioned would have been creditable to De Lolme, Hallam, 
 Freeman, Creasy, Stubbs, Thierry or Guizot, while the second immortalized his 
 judicious and generous readings throughout every realm of human thought. His 
 Garfield funeral orations before the Union League Club and at the great lake- 
 front meeting were of noble quality and lustered phrase. Distributed through the 
 supreme court reports of this state are to be found evidences of his legal learn- 
 ing and acumen. So numerous have been the important cases with which he has 
 been associated as counsel that it is with difficulty we discriminate those worthy 
 of particular mention. Of these perhaps it will suffice to enumerate the great 
 Babcock conspiracy case, tried in St. Louis; the contested election cases for the 
 incorporation of the city under the general law, the famous Michigan University 
 case, the case involving the duty of railroads to deliver grain to elevators to 
 which it was consigned, the uniformity of taxation case, and those cases involv- 
 ing the constitutionality of the law providing for the erection of the new state
 
 THE BENCH AND RAK OF CHICAGO. 451 
 
 house, and also of the Lincoln and South Park statutes, involving a question as 
 to the power of municipalities to impose taxes without consent. 
 
 Legal ability of a uniform and versatile type is rare. In this busy age there 
 is a tendency in the direction of specialized talent. The majority of legal minds 
 find general proficiency out of the question. Perforce of circumstances, there- 
 fore, attention is restricted to some particular phase or phases of an almost illim- 
 itable subject. For instance, rare is it to find a lawyer equally efficient in both 
 civil and criminal practice. If expert in one, he is deficient in the other. To 
 this rule Mr. Storrs is an exception. His fine capabilities as a criminal lawyer 
 were amply demonstrated in the famous Sullivan, Ransom and Cochrane murder 
 cases, as well as his masterly defense of Storey and Wilkie, at Belvidere, indicted 
 for conspiracy. In this connection it is well to note his defense of the Chicago 
 "Times" in the Higgins' libel suit. His familiarity with political history, politi- 
 cal philosophy and political economy has been revealed time and again. To be 
 convinced we need but read his many political speeches upon vital national issues, 
 his extensive newspaper and magazine work, and his elaborate arguments before 
 the congressional committee on ways and means and the committee on commerce. 
 Of these it will perhaps suffice to mention his discussion of the tariff on steel 
 rails, transportation of live stock, inter-state commerce bill, and concerning the 
 taxation of national bank deposits. 
 
 In conclusion, it may be said that, considered as a lawyer merely, Mr. Storrs 
 has few, if any, equals in the West. Although versatile and facile, as we have 
 seen, he is not superficial. Exactness and thoroughness characterize all his 
 attainments, whether literary or professional. With a multiplicity of learning, 
 he is equally proficient in every part. His intellectual possessions are at once 
 unified and assimilated. They are his own a part of the warp and woof of his 
 mind. Everything is brought to bear upon his life work as a lawyer. No erudi- 
 tion is too precious, no truth too great, no beauty too choice, for his employment 
 as an advocate. Vigilant, zealous, industrious, could he be otherwise than suc- 
 cessful? A perfect command of the English language as an art, combined with 
 the histrionic faculty and mimetic artifice, has placed Emery A. Storrs by the side 
 of Erskine and Wedderburn. He is at his best only in great trials or on great 
 occasions which bring out the resources of his mind, when his efforts are often 
 those of a high order of genius. Then, with equal facility and force, he employs 
 every instrument known to the "art of discourse." He is clear, energetic and 
 figurative. In representative imagery he is peculiarly happy, and vision, personi- 
 fication, hyperbole, simile, contrast, allusion and antithesis succeed each other 
 in rich and varied profusion. Wit and humor scintillate continually over and 
 through a substantial background of searching analysis and comprehensive syn- 
 thesis. Whether in persuasion, dissuasion or excitation, Mr. Storrs is equally at 
 home. The grace and propriety of his delivery are equal to the copiousness and 
 felicity of his diction. He is always self-possessed and prepared for any emer- 
 gency. His manner and action are energetic, without verging on that extrava-
 
 452 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 gance which is unpleasant. He is a sort of beacon light in the midst of that pro- 
 saic mistiness which too often hovers around our courts, unrelieved by style and 
 unadorned by wit, eloquence and humor. In a word, Mr. Storrs must have lived 
 in the light of those well known words of Schiller: "I hope ultimately to advance 
 so far that art shall become a second nature, as polished manners are to well bred 
 men; then imagination shall regain her former freedom and submit to none but 
 voluntary limitation." 
 
 In personal appearance Mr. Storrs is below the medium height, slender, with 
 light hair, eyes and complexion, quick and nervous in movement, of courteous 
 and gentlemanly bearing and address. 
 
 HENRY E. SEELYE. 
 
 HENRY E. SEELYE is the son of Seth Seelye, and was born June 20, 1827, 
 at Bethel, in the state of Connecticut, where he entered upon his academic 
 studies, and worked on his father's farm till he was twenty-one years of age. 
 In 1850, he removed to Chicago, and entered the office of Morris and Goodrich 
 as a law student. He was admitted to the bar in 1852, and has practiced unin- 
 terruptedly since, giving special attention to real estate and maritime law. For 
 a number of years, Mr. Seelye was a trustee of Lake Forest University, and was 
 also secretary of the Chicago Orphan Asylum for a lengthened period, and was 
 one of the leading spirits in giving it a fresh start from its old routine; but for the 
 last fifteen years has not been connected with it. He is a member of the Masonic 
 fraternity and belongs to the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Mr. Seelye was connected with the Riverside Improvement Company as its 
 attorney, and was also treasurer for the same institution. After the great fire the 
 company became involved in serious difficulties, and in order to save from loss 
 his friends, who had invested their money through his representation, he paid 
 from his own funds over $150,000 of its indebtedness. Owing to the complica- 
 tions and trying circumstances forced upon him by the fire, his business burdens 
 became so heavy that his health became seriously impaired, and for a considera- 
 ble time he was a complete physical wreck, and but for his indomitable energ)"- 
 and will he must have completely collapsed. He is now, however, perfectly 
 restored and doing more hard work than at any former period of his life. He 
 has traveled extensively, and during the war held a distinguished position on 
 the sanitary commission, and being thus brought into contact with the army, 
 so continued until the close of the war. 
 
 In politics, Mr. Seelye was an old time whig until the formation of the repub- 
 lican party, to which he has at times rendered good service during campaigns. 
 He has been twice married, first, in 1857, to Henrietta W. Hurd, third daughter 
 of the late Dr. Hurd, of Detroit, and who died in 1865, and by whom he has two 
 children, a son, who has just graduated from Amherst College, Massachusetts,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. 453 
 
 and a daughter, who is now a member of Smith College, Northampton, Massa- 
 chusetts, both of which institutions are presided over by brothers of Mr. Seelye. 
 He was again married in 1867 to Christine C. Abeel, formerly of Catskill, New 
 York, a daughter of Col. David Abeel, who had seen much active service in the 
 war of 1812. Mr. Seelye is a man of fine personal appearance and presence. He 
 stands six feet two inches in height, and weighs about one hundred and eighty 
 pounds; is of light complexion and of social habits, and is in the truest sense a 
 genial gentleman. 
 
 FRANK BAKER. 
 
 FRANK BAKER was born in Seneca county, Ohio, in 1840. His parents are 
 Richard Baker, son of Samuel Baker, a revolutionary soldier, and for many 
 years county judge of Steuben county, New York, and Fanny (Wheeler) Baker, 
 daughter of the late Grattan H. Wheeler, of Wheeler, Steuben county, New York. 
 He was graduated at Delaware, Ohio, in 1861, and at Albany Law School in 1863, 
 served as a private soldier in the 84th regiment Ohio Vols., and began the prac- 
 tice of law at Tiffin, Ohio, in 1865. 
 
 He was appointed assessor of internal revenue by President Johnson in 1866; 
 was elected city attorney of the city of Tiffin in 1867, and prosecuting attorney of 
 Seneca county in 1869, and resigned both offices when he removed to Chicago in 
 1^73. Since his removal to Chicago he has been actively engaged in the practice 
 of his profession. 
 
 Mr. Baker is regarded as a good trial lawyer, careful and accurate in the 
 preparation of his cases for trial, clear and precise in the statement of his cases to 
 a court or jury. He has a good voice, fine presence, and is a clear and forcible 
 speaker. He was the democratic candidate for probate judge of Cook county in 
 1882, and was defeated by Judge Knickerbocker. He was married in 1870 to 
 Miss Eliza Warner, of London, Ohio. 
 
 CLAYTON E. CRAFTS. 
 
 CLAYTON- EDWARD CRAFTS is a native of Ohio, and was born in Auburn, 
 July 8, 1848, a son of Edward Crafts. His grandfather, William Crafts, 
 was the first white settler in the county where he lived, and his great-grandfather, 
 Maj. Crafts, was one of the revolutionary patriots, who gave his time and whole 
 fortune to the cause of liberty. Mr. Crafts' mother, before marriage, was Miss 
 Helen B. Johnson, of an old Massachusetts family. 
 
 At an early age Clayton attended the district school, and then the Eclectic 
 
 Institute of Hiram, now Hiram College, of which the late lamented Garfield was 
 
 once president. Owing to impaired health, caused by confinement and overstudy, 
 
 he was compelled to leave college a short time before his class graduated, but at 
 
 48
 
 454 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the end of the year, feeling that he had fully regained his health, he entered 
 Union College of Law, at Cleveland, Ohio, graduating therefrom with honors, 
 and delivering the valedictory address at the commencement in 1868. Shortly 
 afterward he was admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Ohio. He then 
 commenced the practice of his profession at Watkins, New York, in connection 
 with John J. Van Allen, where he continued one year, after which he removed to 
 Chicago, which has since been his place of business. Soon after his arrival in 
 Chicago he commenced practice in connection with Henry Lincoln, with whom 
 he remained until 1873, since which time he has been in business alone. 
 
 Mr. Crafts is a keen, shrewd real estate man. Seeing it was only a question 
 of time, when Chicago would be surrounded by numerous suburban villages, he 
 in 1869 settled with his family at Austin, and has resided there since that time, 
 being identified with all or nearly all of the improvements that help to beau- 
 tify that charming place. He takes an active part in politics, and has held 
 many offices in that place, having been supervisor, treasurer, school trustee and 
 director. He is also a member of the democratic state and county central com- 
 mittees, and takes an active part in all political contests. In 1878 he received the 
 democratic nomination for the assembly from the seventh district. He was 
 elected, November 7, 1882, a member of the house of representatives in the thirty- 
 third general assembly of Illinois by the democrats of the seventh district. He 
 was married, September 15, 1869, to Miss Cordelia E. Kent, of Aurora, Ohio. He 
 is a trustee and member of the Presbyterian church, and takes a deep interest in 
 all church matters. 
 
 DAVID L. ZOOK. 
 
 DAVID L. ZOOK was born March i, r846, in Richland county, Ohio. His 
 father, John M. Zook, and his mother, Rebecca (Shellenberger) Zook, were 
 Pennsylvanians, whose remote ancestors were German. David L. has two broth- 
 ers, Aaron S. Zook and Daniel Zook, both members of the legal profession, now 
 practicing at Goshen, Indiana, and one sister, Mrs. Becknell, wife of I. J. Becknell, 
 M.D., of Milford, Indiana. During the infancy of our subject, his parents started 
 from Ohio for the frontier of the West, by what was then considered the most 
 approved route for pioneers, that through the forests in a canvas-covered wagon 
 drawn bv oxen. A quarter section of heavily timbered land was purchased from 
 the government, in Elkhart county, Indiana, and on that quarter section the 
 cutting away of the underbrush by his father, preparatory to raising a log dwel- 
 ling house, is among the earliest scenes that David L. now remembers. His early 
 education was derived from the common country school and the plow, in the pro- 
 portion of four months of each year under the former teacher, to eight months 
 under the latter By the aid of his father he finally attended several terms of the 
 high school at Goshen, Indiana, after which he taught a term or two of school in 
 the country, and then entered Hillsdale College, Michigan. After pursuing a
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 455 
 
 classical course of study for two years he abandoned it, and graduated in 1873 
 from the scientific course. Through college he earned his way almost entirely as 
 he went, by teaching lower classes in mathematics, performing the duties of stew- 
 ard of a boarding club, sawing wood for other students, etc. He neither boasts 
 nor blushes now over any of that work performed. During the school year of 
 1873 he taught the high school at Mishawaka, Indiana. Starting with his money 
 savings from his year's teaching he entered the Union College of Law, Chicago, 
 September 1874, and two years later graduated therefrom, and was admitted to 
 the bar to practice in Illinois, July 4, 1876. During his two years' course in the 
 law school he earned his expenses by teaching in Bryant and Stratton's Business 
 College, in Chicago. He recited from two to three hours, and taught from three 
 to four hours per day, and always gave up half the night, and often more, in 
 preparation as pupil and teacher for the following day. He started independ- 
 ently upon the practice of his profession in the beginning of 1877, and became a 
 member of the law firm of Wilson and Zook, May i, 1880, and continues that 
 relation in Chicago at the present time. 
 
 HON. MADISON R. HARRIS. 
 
 MADISON R. HARRIS was born at Summit county, Ohio, September 29, 
 1849, the son of Hon. D. L. Harris and Anna L. Eyles Harris. His father, 
 the republican nominee of the farmers' convention, was elected to the twenty- 
 third general assembly of Illinois in 1862, when his record became well known, 
 he being one of the minority who stood by Gov. Yates so staunchly during the 
 contest over the peace resolutions, which was terminated by Gov. Yates pro- 
 roguing the general assembly. His mother was descended from the Puritans of 
 Connecticut, and was the daughter of Judge Eyles, of Medina county, Ohio, who 
 was a member of the Ohio legislature for a number of years. 
 
 Mr. Harris, in early life, attended the district schools, and about the time he 
 attained his majority entered Lombard University at Galesburg, Illinois. Having 
 but limited means, he devoted his vacations to teaching to obtain money to 
 defray his expenses. Upon reaching his sophomore year in college, he went to 
 Rock Falls, Whitesides county, Illinois, and organized a graded school of which 
 he was made principal ; subsequently returning to college, he graduated in the 
 class of 1871. After finishing his education Mr. Harris, having decided to devote 
 himself to the practice of law, began his studies with Edsall and Bardwell, of 
 Dixon, Illinois, and continued with them until 1874, and was admitted to the 
 Illinois bar the following spring. 
 
 He moved to Chicago, and after practicing a short time on his own account, 
 he became a member of the firm of Follansbee and Harris, and afterward formed 
 a copartnership with James H. Ward, which lasted two years. Mr. Harris is 
 an active republican in politics, and was elected to the thirty-second general
 
 456 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 assembly of Illinois from the first senatorial district. There he became well and 
 favorably known, and was very highly esteemed, and by earnest, hard work did 
 much for the people. Mr. Harris is a careful, pains-taking lawyer, a constant 
 worker, faithful to his clients, and by persevering effort, has risen from compara- 
 tive obscurity to an honorable position at the Chicago bar. 
 
 ERVIN HOPKINS, JR. 
 
 ERVIN HOPKINS, JR.., is a rising young lawyer, who has inherited many of 
 the sterling qualities of mind that have made famous the family to which he 
 belongs. He is a native of New York state, and was born at Granville, February 7, 
 1860, and is the son of a prominent gentleman of that state, who was at one time 
 a member of the legislature, and later in life represented his district in congress. 
 He is a nephew of Hon. J. C. Hopkins, judge of the United States district court 
 at Madison, Wisconsin, and Hon. B. F. Hopkins, a member of congress from that 
 state. His mother before marriage was Miss Ruth Rogers. Ervin was educated 
 in the public and high schools of his native place, and in 1875 entered Wheaton 
 College, where he remained two years. In 1877 he removed to Chicago, where 
 he completed his education under a private tutor. Having determined to devote 
 himself to the legal profession he entered the law office of Dent and Black in 
 1880, and also pursued a course of study in the Union College of Law of Chi- 
 cago, and graduated from that institution in 1882, and was admitted to the bar in 
 June of that year. In political sentiments Mr. Hopkins is a republican. He 
 attends the Congregational church. 
 
 GEORGE W. CASS. 
 
 EORGE WILLIS CASS is the son of a physician, Abner L. Cass, of 
 Coshocton, Ohio. He was born February n, 1851. His father was a state 
 senator at one time in Ohio, and a brother of Gen. George W. Cass, former 
 president of the Chicago, Pittsburgh and Fort Wayne railroad, and a nephew of 
 Gen. Lewis Cass, of Michigan, a former presidential candidate, and a grandson 
 of Jonathan Cass, of revolutionary fame. The maternal ancestors of our subject 
 were of an old Scottish family, whose vocation in life seems to have been that of 
 clergymen. 
 
 George W. took a four years' course at Kenyon College, and graduated there- 
 from in 1870, at nineteen years of age, and delivered the valedictory address. He 
 then entered the Ann Arbor Law School, where he remained until 1873. After 
 spending a few months in Ohio, he commenced the practice of the law in Chi- 
 cago, in the fall of that year. He became a member of the firm of Elliott and 
 Cass, which was continued until 1877, since which time he has been in business
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 457 
 
 by himself. He has a respectable clientage, and is doing a good business, having 
 power of attorney of several corporations doing business in Chicago. He is an 
 upright, honorable gentleman, who gains many friends by the courtesy and affa- 
 bility that characterize his intercourse with all. He takes no part in politics, 
 except to cast his ballot. His sentiments are democratic. He was married, in 
 1878, to Miss Rebecca Osborne, of Chicago. As a lawyer Mr. Cass is well read, 
 and possesses a well-balanced judgment. Cautious and conscientious, he is a 
 safe and reliable counselor, and although a young man, is esteemed as an honor- 
 able member of the Chicago bar. 
 
 I. S. WACHOB. 
 
 '"T~*HE subject of this sketch is about forty years of age, and a native of Penn- 
 i sylvania. He obtained a thorough education at the Saltsburgh Academy, 
 and at Jefferson College, at Cannonsburgh, Pennsylvania; studied law and was 
 admitted to the bar in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1877, and practiced law there 
 for three years successfully. In 1880 he removed to Chicago, and has continued 
 his law practice with an energy, diligence and uprightness of character which 
 command the confidence of all who know him. He is rapidly attaining that suc- 
 cess which is the just reward of an honest and persevering industry. In connec- 
 tion with the practice of the law he is editor of the " Central Law Monthly," a 
 periodical which under his management has been eminently successful. 
 
 Mr. Wachob is of Scotch-Irish descent, and of firm religious convictions, of 
 the Presbyterian faith; and in all of his professional and business relations, man- 
 ifests a keen sense of uprightness and manliness. Modest and retiring in dispo- 
 sition, and frank and genial in his manners, he seldom makes an enemy, yet he 
 never sacrifices truth or principle for the sake of friendship. In his profession 
 he is well read, and his opinions are the result of careful research. As a special 
 pleader, and in general office practice, he is regarded by those who know him best, 
 as eminently skilled and reliable. 
 
 JOHN N. JEMISON. 
 
 JOHN N. JEMISON is of Irish parentage, and was born in Dublin, Ireland, 
 May 29, 1834. His father, John Jemison, a private banker there, was a 
 descendant of an old French Huguenot family, who fled from France shortly 
 after the St. Bartholomew massacre. The family first went to England, whence 
 some of its members afterward removed to Scotland, and again returned to Ire- 
 land. His mother's maiden name was Jane Newport. She was connected with 
 some of the most eminent and noble families of Ireland. John N. was educated 
 in his native city, attending the Bective House College, from which he graduated 
 in 1850. He immediately thereafter commenced the study of law, and on arriv-
 
 458 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ing at his majority became a member of the Dublin bar. Mr. Jemison remained 
 in active practice in Dublin until 1869, when he immigrated with his family to 
 America and settled in Chicago. He first obtained employment as deputy clerk 
 in the recorder's office, under Daniel O'Hara, and afterward became deputy in the 
 circuit court, a position which he held until the fire in October, 1871. Immedi- 
 ately after the fire, Mr. Jemison began the practice of law, and has continued the 
 same until the present time. 
 
 He is not only a good lawyer and successful in his profession, but also a man 
 of excellent personal and social qualities. He is connected with several social 
 bodies, belonging to the Masonic order of Knight Templars, the A.O.U.W., of 
 which body he is deputy grand master, and also holds the office of deputy grand 
 president of the I.O.M.A. Mr. Jemison votes the republican ticket, but takes no 
 active part in political work. He was married in 1859 to Miss Annie K. Wilson, 
 daughter of the late John Wilson, of Dublin, who held the position of cashier in 
 the Bank of Ireland fifty-nine years. In religion, Mr. Jemison is an Episcopalian, 
 with the broadest and most liberal views. 
 
 ADOLPH LUND. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is preeminently a self-made man, and a striking 
 example of one who, through many trials and difficulties, has, by force of 
 will, energy, and fixity of purpose, attained the goal to which his ambition 
 impelled him. He was born in Hjorring, Denmark, in 1851, and is the son of 
 L. Moller Lund, a prominent man in politics in his own country, but chiefly 
 noted for his labors in the cause of education, having been recently knighted for 
 his distinguished services in that cause. Adolph was principally educated by his 
 father, and his family being in moderate circumstances, he at the age of sixteen 
 immigrated to this country in search of his fortune. His father had instilled into 
 his mind the ambition to be a lawyer, and he began life with that aim in view. 
 He engaged in various pursuits in Ohio, where he first settled, until in 1871, when 
 he removed to Chicago and engaged in clerking. Shortly after the great fire 
 in 1871, he went to Omaha, Nebraska, and engaged in the commission business, 
 and also taught night school, and most of his pupils being grown men and women, 
 and many of them farmers, he formed quite an extensive acquaintance in the 
 country around Omaha. He was elected, in 1873, president of a colonization 
 company to settle in Kearney county, Nebraska, and also received an appoint- 
 ment in the land department of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad 
 Company in Nebraska, as a local land agent. Here Mr. Lund's marked abilities 
 received recognition, and he was soon promoted to the position of agent of the 
 road at Quincy, Illinois, where he remained one year, after which he removed to 
 Chicago, where he acted as general agent of the Burlington and Missouri River 
 railroad until November i, 1879. Leaving the employ of the company, he at once
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 459 
 
 began the study of law in the Union College of Law, of Chicago, and graduating 
 in June, 1881, was immediately thereafter admitted to the bar of Illinois. October 
 i following his admission he associated himself with Mr. James R. Mann in the 
 practice of his profession, and has every prospect of a bright and successful career. 
 
 ALGERNON B. BALDWIN. 
 
 THE ancestors of Algernon B. Baldwin have lived in New England since its 
 earliest settlement. He is the son of Eli M. and Betsey (Jewett) Baldwin, 
 and was born in Hancock, New Hampshire, October 9, 1840. His early life was 
 spent working on his father's farm and attending the district school. Having a 
 natural fondness for learning, he early determined to have a good education, and 
 for several years previous to his admission to college he supported himself by 
 teaching, in order that he might devote his leisure hours to study. After years of 
 patient toil he entered Dartmouth College, from which institution he graduated 
 in 1865. After leaving college he engaged in teaching for two years next ensu- 
 ing, first as principal of the academy at Gilmanton, New Hampshire, and after- 
 ward at Manchester, where he also studied law in the office of E. S. Cutter. He 
 then entered the Albany Law School, and graduated therefrom in May, 1868, and 
 was admitted to the New York bar the same year. In the fall of i86S, Mr. Bald- 
 win removed to Chicago, which has since been his home. He continued his legal 
 studies in the office of A. W. Windett, and was admitted to the Illinois bar in the 
 spring of 1870. He then commenced the practice of the law for himself, and 
 now has a large, lucrative and constantly increasing business. 
 
 In May, 1873, Mr. Baldwin was married to Miss Georgia M. Moule, of New 
 York, a lady of fine accomplishments and highly refined, the daughter of Rev. 
 John Moule, now of Watertown, Wisconsin, and by that union they have one son, 
 Arthur A. Baldwin. 
 
 DANIEL L. CARMICHAEL. 
 
 DANIEL L. CARMICHAEL was born in Oneida county, New York. His 
 paternal ancestors were Scotch, while his mother, a native of New York, 
 is descended from the Holland Dutch. In early life he enjoyed the advantages 
 afforded by the common schools and academies where he lived, and made the 
 most of his opportunities. He was an apt scholar, fond of study and reading, 
 and later made rapid progress in the literary and scientific courses, at the semi- 
 nary at Charlotte, Michigan. During the civil war he enlisted in the 7th Mich. 
 Vol. Cavalry, and was appointed adjutant of dismounted cavalrymen at Camp 
 Stoneman, and served in that capacity with ability until the close of the war. 
 
 After leaving the service, Mr. Carmichael removed to Chicago, and there pur- 
 sued a course of legal studies in the Union College of Law, and in 1868 was
 
 460 THE BENCH AND BAH OF CHICAGO. 
 
 admitted to the bar of Illinois. As a lawyer, Mr. Carmichael is able, energetic 
 and successful, especially in the practice of criminal law. He is a man of 
 great force of character, firm and persevering, and in whatever he engages, 
 whether as a lawyer or business man, he acts from conscientious convictions and 
 motives. Faithful to his clients, and true to his professional honor, he is esteemed 
 and respected by all as an upright, honorable man. He has from time to time 
 been honored with public trusts, and at the present time (1883) is prosecuting 
 attorney for the town of Lake. He belongs to the G.A.R., being now commander 
 of Whittier Post, No. 7, having been reelected a member of the Veteran Club of 
 Englewood; was elected April n, 1883, as grand dictator of the state of Illinois 
 of the Knights of Honor; also a member of the board of trustees of the high 
 court of the Independent Order of Foresters of the state of Illinois for the year 
 1883, and a member of the Chicago Law Library Association. His political sen- 
 timents are republican. 
 
 Mr. Carmichael was married in July, 1869, to Miss Anna Fitch, a charming 
 lady of refinement and education, a native of Vermont. Of two sons that have 
 been born to them, one is living. 
 
 HON. JESSE O. NORTON. 
 
 JESSE O. NORTON was born at Bennington, Vermont, December 25, 1812. 
 J As a youth he was industrious, studious and ambitious. Accordingly he was 
 a diligent student at Williams College in 1831, where he graduated with honor in 
 1835. Being dependent upon his own efforts, he first went to Wheeling, Virginia, 
 and for a short time taught a classical school. From thence He went to Potosi, 
 Missouri, where he filled a similar position, and at the same time, began the study 
 of the law. He married here Miss P. S. Sheldon, on his twenty-fifth birthday, 
 December 25, 1837. About a year later they removed to Illinois, and in 1839 set- 
 tled in Joliet, in that state. He was soon afterward admitted to the bar, and 
 began the practice of law, in which he rose rapidly, his genial manners giving 
 him at the same time personal popularity. The first office to which he was 
 elected was that of city attorney, which was followed in 1846 by that of county 
 judge. To this he was reelected, and in 1848 was chosen member of the state 
 constitutional convention. In 1850 he was elected member of the legislature, and 
 in 1852, in the last campaign of the whig party, he was elected member of con- 
 gress on that ticket. During the second session of congress came the repeal of 
 the Missouri compromise, which he resisted with all his eloquence and power, 
 insisting that there could properly be no compromise with wrong, and that no 
 further countenance could be given in legislation to the infamous traffic in human 
 beings, without outraging civilization. His course was approved by his constitu- 
 ency, and he was reelected to congress in 1854 on the republican ticket. He 
 served in congress with ability until March 4, 1857. In that year he was elected
 
 '- 
 
 /
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 463 
 
 circuit judge, the duties of which office he discharged with industry, promptness, 
 courtesy and ability. After the beginning of the war, in 1862, he was again 
 elected to congress, and served with honor during that trying period until March 
 5, 1865. He steadily maintained that the union of the states was not broken by 
 rebellion ; that the constitution was still the supreme law, and binding upon con- 
 gress as well as upon the states ; and that therefore congress had no more power 
 to expel states from the Union than the states had power to withdraw. It was 
 the logic which commanded the reason, but it could not control the passions of 
 the times. But it is no part of the object of this sketch to say more than to state 
 the ground on which the republican party, with its new and radical ideas, was 
 severed from him. 
 
 In 1866 he was appointed by President Johnson United States district attorney 
 for the northern district of Illinois. He discharged the duties of that office until 
 April, 1869, with singular ability, with honor to himself and justice to all. After 
 his retirement from that office he became associated with Judge J. R. Doolittle 
 in the practice of law in Chicago. He remained in this partnership until the fire 
 of 1871 ; then continued the practice of his profession alone, a portion of the 
 time as corporation counsel of the city of Chicago, until at last he was confined 
 to his residence by the illness which resulted in his death, August 3, 1875. 
 
 There was in him a genial and affectionate nature, refined and exalted by a 
 true Chistrian life. In his hospitable home, where he was almost idolized as hus- 
 band, father and friend, these virtues stood forth in great distinctness, and made 
 a beauty of character which no wealth can purchase, and no intellectual greatness 
 can supply. 
 
 WILLIAM A. PHELPS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born December 6, 1846, in Fayette county, 
 Ohio, which was at that time the residence of his parents, William A. 
 Phelps and Eliza Ann (Gregory) Phelps. William received his early education 
 at the public school of Frankfort, Ohio, which he attended until eighteen years 
 of age, when at the death of his father (his mother having previously died when 
 he was but eleven years old) he left his native place and went to New York to 
 attend the Randolph Academy, where he remained for two years. After leaving 
 the academy he started for the West, and went down the Ohio River on a raft, 
 making his first permanent stop at Cincinnati, where he engaged in mercantile 
 life, obtaining a position in a wholesale store, which he held for about a year, 
 when he abandoned his mercantile project. 
 
 In 1866 he removed to Decatur, Illinois, where he taught school in the spring 
 and summer, and attending the Mount Zion Academy during the winter, he hav- 
 ing fully made up his mind to fit himself for a professional life. He pursued this 
 course of study for three years, when in 1869 he removed to Chicago and entered 
 the Union College of Law, at the same time pursuing his studies with D. J. 
 49
 
 464 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Schuyler and John Borden. He was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1872. 
 Mr. Phelps immediately went into partnership with John H. Burns, who was 
 afterward United States district attorney at Deadwood, Dakota. After the dis- 
 solution of this partnership, which existed about a year, Mr. Phelps continued his 
 practice alone. At the same time he took an active part in politics, and in 1880 
 was nominated by the republican party for the state legislature from the fifth 
 senatorial district, and elected to the thirty-second general assembly, where he 
 was known as a hard worker, filling his place with great satisfaction. 
 
 Mr. Phelps has been an assistant in the " Legal Adviser," and has worked hard 
 for its promised success. In 1875 he was married to Miss Dora E. Simonds, of 
 Chicago. Mr. Phelps is a good lawyer, and ranks among the more prominent of 
 the younger class of attorneys practicing at the Chicago bar. 
 
 GEORGE W. BRANDT. 
 
 WE do not intend to write disparagingly of the inhabitants of any other 
 section of this magnificent country when we give due prominence to the 
 eminent men to whom the Old Dominion has given birth. The first English 
 immigrants to Virginia were a superior race, with enlarged views of government, 
 liberty and law, who sought out new homes in the American wilds in obedience 
 to impulses, prompted by a lofty ambition and sincere desires to benefit their 
 race, bringing with them sufficient means to plant, preserve and foster institutions 
 becoming to an enlightened race. From these ancestors sprang men in great 
 numbers, renowned for patriotism and virtue, unsurpassed in statesmanship, the 
 ripest scholars, and unequaled orators. A state, the scenery of which is diversified 
 from the rugged, forest-clothed mountains, to the beautiful, fertile valleys, and 
 the marts of commerce, where the inhabitants rejoice in the enjoyment of refresh- 
 ing gales that sweep over the heaving bosom of the old Atlantic. With her natu- 
 ral advantages, and the endowments of science and art, Virginia has bestowed 
 upon her sons a culture and elegance, and upon her daughters a refinement, 
 unsurpassed by any state or nation on earth. A worthy son of that noble state 
 is George W. Brandt, the subject of this sketch, whose birth occurred in Hamp- 
 shire county, West Virginia, September 14, 1845. He is the son of Daniel R. 
 Brandt and Eliza (Wilson) Brandt. His paternal grandfather served in the war 
 of 1812; his grandfather Wilson also was a soldier in the war of 1798, and was 
 under the command of Gen. St. Clair in his disastrous and memorable defeat by 
 the Indians. 
 
 Daniel R. Brandt removed from Virginia to Chicago when our subject was 
 seventeen years old. George W. was educated in the State University of Iowa, 
 after which he entered the law office of Richard T. Merrick, formerly of Chicago, 
 now an eminent lawyer of Washington, District of Columbia. He made rapid pro- 
 gress in the rudiments of his profession, and was admitted to the bar in Chicago
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 465 
 
 in 1867, and immediately entered upon the successful practice of the law. In 
 1872 he formed a partnership with Francis A. Hoffman, Jr., a very promising 
 young lawyer, who is thoroughly posted in all the theories of legal practice, as 
 well as having an extensive knowledge of the decisions of the courts, both state 
 and federal, making a firm admirably adapted to all classes of legal business. 
 Mr. Brandt soon gained a wide-spread reputation as an advocate. He is an ora- 
 tor with a good command of language, and when thoroughly interested pours 
 forth torrents of argument, with a directness and force that captivates all who 
 hear him. He is a trial lawyer of great merit, being thoroughly posted in the 
 rules of law that govern the introduction of testimony, and being thoroughly 
 conversant with the rules of practice in the courts, and having an inexhaustible 
 fountain of legal lore from which to draw at any moment. He is prompt and 
 Self-possessed, and wins alike the confidence of the jury, the respect of the court, 
 and the esteem of his clients, whose interests he is ever willing to defend with a 
 zeal becoming an honorable, high-minded practitioner. 
 
 Mr. Brandt is a legal writer of merit. He is the author of a work entitled 
 "Brandt on Suretyship and Guaranty," a work well known and highly indorsed 
 by the legal profession throughout the United States, and which has received the 
 highest encomiums of the ablest lawyers in this country. He has a literary turn 
 of mind, is fond of poetry and the fine arts, and is a gentleman of integrity and 
 honor, who scorns an unjust act, and upholds the principles of justice with a 
 befitting zeal. 
 
 Mr. Brandt is of medium height, with erect figure, a high, commanding fore- 
 head, keen hazel eyes, and classic features, is urbane and easy in his manners, 
 and has a happy faculty of making friends. 
 
 HON. FRANCIS A. HOFFMAN. 
 
 A. HOFFMAN is a native of the city of Herford, in the Prussian 
 JL province of Westphalia, where his father was engaged in the book and sta- 
 tionery business. Having finished his elementary education, he was placed at 
 the Royal Frederick William Gymnasium, of his native city, where he acquired a 
 classical training. 
 
 In 1840, when eighteen years of age, the attention of Mr. Hoffman was drawn 
 to the United States by the perusal of a number of letters addressed to his mother 
 by a former fellow-townsman, who, while a student of theology, had been com- 
 pelled to leave his native country for political reasons, and who was at that time 
 officiating as pastor of a small German Lutheran congregation at Dunkley's 
 Grove, now Addison, Du Page county, Illinois. Mr. Hoffman, though strenuously 
 opposed by his parents and relatives, concluded to emigrate. He accordingly 
 took passage on board of a sailing vessel at Bremen, and arrived at New York in 
 September 1840. Without a friend, or even an acquaintance, in that vast city,
 
 466 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 to whom to apply for assistance or advice, unable to speak the English language, 
 his small treasury at low ebb, unaccustomed to the fatigue of bodily labor, un- 
 feelingly repulsed by a number of his countrymen, whose advice he sought, Mr. 
 Hoffman naturally concluded to seek a refuge with his fellow-townsman in the 
 distant (and how distant at that time!) West, whose letters had allured him to 
 the shores of the new world. The journey was long and tedious. A freight 
 boat on the Hudson took him to Albany; thence by another freight boat on the 
 Erie canal he proceeded to Buffalo. Splendid steamers plied at that time between 
 Chicago and Buffalo. The low state of his exchequer compelled Mr. Hoffman to 
 take steerage-passage on board a small schooner, which finally landed him safe 
 and sound at the wharf of Whiting's warehouse, on the north shore of Chicago 
 river. What must have been his consternation and disappointment when he was 
 informed that the friend of whom he was in search had lately left Dunkley's 
 Grove and removed to Texas. Every exertion to find employment proved a fail- 
 ure. An attempt to become a distinguished member of the free and independent 
 order of bootblacks, with headquarters at the Lake House, then the leading hotel 
 of Chicago, proved abortive. An apprenticeship at the shop of a bookbinder, 
 corner of Lake and La Salle streets, soon came to a sudden end by the inability 
 of the Scotch boss to make himself understood by the German apprentice. The 
 enlistment in the United States army, which had a recruiting office at Fort Dear- 
 born, seemed the only retreat yet open, and was earnestly contemplated; when, 
 fortunately, a small number of German settlers at Dunkley's Grove concluded to 
 establish in their midst a German school, and to entrust the ferule of that acad- 
 emy of science into the hands of the subject of this sketch. On the most primi- 
 tive, home-made wagon, propelled by the united exertions of "Ben and Bright " 
 over the apparently endless, and certainly bottomless, prairies, Mr. Hoffman 
 finally reached the end of his journey and the field of his philological labors. 
 The number of pupils was small; so were the emoluments of the professorship. 
 The new-fledged pedagogue had the privilege of partaking in regular rotation of 
 the hospitality of the parents of his pupils, and was paid, besides, the monstrous 
 annual salary of $50. 
 
 It soon became evident to the mind of Mr. Hoffman that there could be no 
 possibility of success unless he acquired a full knowledge of the English language. 
 He consequently sought and obtained a home in the family of M. L. Dunlop, who 
 at that time occupied a farm near Dunkley's Grove, and who subsequently became 
 generally and favorably known under the name of " Rural," as the regular agri- 
 cultural contributor to the Chicago "Tribune." While engaged in teaching, Mr. 
 Hoffman, under the auspices of the German Lutheran synod of Michigan, devoted 
 himself to the study of theology, and was subsequently ordained, and placed over 
 the congregation at Dunkley's Grove. This congregation at that time was small, 
 and left Mr. Hoffman ample time for missionary labor. He made regular pasto- 
 ral visits to Chicago, many parts of Cook county, and also to Lake and Will 
 counties, and in this manner became known to the inhabitants of a large extent
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 467 
 
 of country. During this period he made the acquaintance of many leading men 
 of this part of Illinois, which subsequently grew into intimacy and friendship. 
 He took a deep interest in the welfare of his countrymen, many of whom were 
 induced by his letters to leave Germany and settle in Illinois. To enable himself 
 to assist his countrymen, who were ignorant of our language and institutions, 
 more effectually, he made strong efforts to study the political affairs and laws of 
 his adopted country. In 1842 he was already honored by the people of Du Page 
 county by being appointed one of the delegates to the celebrated river and har- 
 bor convention, which assembled in Chicago, and which was attended by some of 
 the greatest men from all parts of the country. While performing the duties of 
 his pastorate, Mr. Hoffman was for a time the editor of the Illinois " Staats Zeit- 
 ung," then a weekly paper, published at Chicago. He also edited a missionary 
 monthly, published at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and frequently wrote for the Chi- 
 cago " Democrat," published by Hon. John Wentworth. 
 
 In 1844 he was married to Miss Cynthia Gilbert, an American lady, who has 
 proved to be a most efficient helpmeet, a noble wife, and a devoted and exem- 
 plary mother. 
 
 In 1847 Mr. Hoffman accepted a call from the German Lutheran church at 
 Schaumburg, Cook county. This was a new organization, consisting chiefly of 
 members lately immigrated. Here he found an extensive field for his activity. 
 He, at one time, occupied the positions of pastor, postmaster, town clerk, notary 
 and school trustee ; besides all this, working a farm of 40 acres and writing many 
 agricultural articles for the " Prairie Farmer," then published at Chicago by 
 John Wright. 
 
 On account of failing health, he resigned, though not without great reluctance, 
 his pastoral charge, and removed to Chicago in 1852, entering the law office of 
 Calvin DeWolf as a legal student, and soon became active and influential in the 
 local politics of the city. In 1853 he was elected alderman for the eighth ward. 
 Having been admitted to the bar, Mr. Hoffman took a small office in the third 
 story of a frame building on the corner of Randolph and Clark streets. Such 
 was his success, that he was soon enabled to remove his headquarters to large and 
 convenient rooms in a new building erected by Dr. Evans on Clark street, oppo- 
 site the Sherman house. He now engaged largely in real estate operations and 
 was quite successful. Upon his representations, large sums of money found their 
 way across the ocean from German and Swiss capitalists, to be invested in Chicago 
 real estate mortgages ; and many of the finest buildings of that time were erected 
 by the assistance of funds procured in this way. Mr. Hoffman also published 
 annually a report of the mercantile, industrial and financial interests of Chicago, 
 and had the same distributed in thousands of copies at the leading commercial 
 points of Germany and Switzerland. He was appointed consul for several of the 
 governments of Germany, and was thus enabled to render assistance and friendly 
 advice to many of his immigrating countrymen. In 1854 Mr. Hoffman opened a 
 banking house, in which business he met with great success ; when in 1861, owing
 
 468 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 principally to the financial panic resulting from the destruction of Illinois cur- 
 rency (stumptail), brought about by the rebellion, the house of Hoffman and 
 Gelpcke, like many other banking institutions, was forced into an assignment. 
 
 In 1856, the anti-slavery convention of Cook county unanimously recommended 
 the name of Mr. Hoffman to the consideration of the state as a candidate for 
 lieutenant-governor. The state convention unanimously nominated the lamented 
 Bissell for governor, and Mr. Hoffman for lieutenant-governor by acclamation, 
 though the latter persistently declared that he was not a candidate, and would 
 not accept the nomination. It was, however, subsequently ascertained that he 
 was disqualified, having not been fourteen years a citizen, as required by the con- 
 stitution. After his name was taken off, he canvassed all parts of the state, ad- 
 dressing for a number of weeks meetings in the English and German languages 
 almost daily. 
 
 Four years afterward the republican state convention again nominated him 
 for lieutenant-governor by acclamation on the ticket with Richard Yates for gov- 
 ernor. Owing to his deep-rooted disinclination for office, he again declined the 
 acceptance of the nomination, but was finally induced by his friends in all parts 
 of the state to consent to run. Together with the entire republican ticket, headed 
 by Lincoln, he was triumphantly elected. He filled the office of lieutenant-gov- 
 ernor during four of the most stirring and eventful years from 1861 to 1865 
 that this state or the nation has ever witnessed. He was a most earnest and 
 efficient co-worker with Gov. Yates in the military preparations and other public 
 services of those momentous years of war and peril. His relations with Gov. 
 Yates were ever of the most friendly and intimate character. In his message to 
 the general assembly, January 2, 1865, Gov. Yates refers to his lieutenant in the 
 following language : " I cannot fail here to refer in kindness and gratitude to 
 Lieut. -Gov. Hoffman, who has been my constant advisor and counselor, and who 
 has acted as governor in my absence with great ability and efficiency." 
 
 When Mr. Lincoln was nominated for reelection to the presidency in 1865, 
 Gov. Hoffman was unanimously nominated by the republican convention as can- 
 didate for presidential elector of the state at large, and he devoted himself with 
 great energy and earnestness to the work of the campaign. The republican state 
 central committee intrusted to him the chief management of the campaign, as 
 far as the Germans were concerned, and he probably traveled more miles and 
 made more speeches than all the other candidates for electors combined. 
 
 From 1862 to 1866 Mr. Hoffman was commissioner of the foreign land depart- 
 ment of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, in which capacity he was instru- 
 mental in inducing many thousand of German families to settle in the central 
 part of the state, by which that section was rapidly populated, and its agricul- 
 tural resources developed. 
 
 In 1868, at the request of German capitalists, the International Bank of Chicago 
 was organized by Mr. Hoffman. He acted for several years as president and 
 cashier of this institution with very great success ; when in 1875, owing to con-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 469 
 
 tinuous and severe sufferings from nervous debility, he was compelled to retire, 
 and seek a last refuge on Riverside farm, in the Rock River valley near Jeffer- 
 son, Wisconsin, where he now resides, personally assisting in the labor of cultiva- 
 tion and devoting his hours of leisure to contribution on agricultural subjects to 
 a leading Milwaukee weekly. 
 
 GEORGE C. BUELL. 
 
 EORGE C. BUELL is a young lawyer of much promise. He is a native of 
 V_J Burlington, Iowa, and was born July 22, 1853. He is the son of John T. 
 and Louisa Pamelia (Cook) Buell. His father is one of the early settlers of 
 Burlington, whither he removed in 1839, and is a prominent politician. George 
 C. commenced his education in the public schools. He studied two years at 
 Peekskill Military Academy, on the Hudson river, and afterward completed his 
 education at Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois. He attended law lectures at 
 Albany, New York, and studied law with Douglas and Harvey, at Galesburg, 
 and was admitted to the bar before the supreme court at Ottawa in 1877, and 
 immediately entered upon the practice of the law in Chicago, and has been 
 engaged in several important cases. He is a good trial lawyer, has an active 
 mind, and is quick to see a point. He is clear, luminous, and fluent in speech, 
 and an excellent advocate, and enjoys quite a reputation as an orator. He is one 
 of the executive committee of the Citizens' League, which is engaged in reform 
 work in the city of Chicago. He belongs to the Knights of Honor, and attends 
 Lincoln Park Congregational Church. 
 
 Mr. Buell is a gentleman of fine presence, of medium height, and well pro- 
 portioned. He has dark brown hair and eyes, with sharp perceptive faculties, 
 and classical features. He was married September 30, 1880, to Miss Kittie Dex- 
 ter Clark, the daughter of W. J. Davis, Chicago. They have one son, Dexter 
 Clark Buell. 
 
 HON. EDMUND A. WEST. 
 
 ONE of the best known lawyers at the Chicago bar is the subject of this 
 sketch, who, by assiduously attending to the duties of his profession and 
 fidelity to his clients' interests, has gained the unbounded confidence of all who 
 know him. He has always been careful to conform to a high standard of profes- 
 sional ethics. Edmund A. West was born at Elyria, Lorain county, Ohio, April 
 28, 1823, and is the son of Edmund West. His mother before marriage was Miss 
 Julia Johnson. His parents are of New England stock, and emigrated from Connec- 
 ticut at an early day, and were among the first settlers of Lorain county. Edmund 
 was graduated from Oberlin College, studied law in Elyria, and was admitted 
 to the bar in Columbus, Ohio, in 1846, and entered at once upon the successful
 
 470 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 practice of the law in his native place, and continued there until 1853. He then 
 removed to Green county, Wisconsin, where he practiced until 1865, when he 
 removed to Chicago, and entered into partnership with his present partner, L. L. 
 Bond, under the firm name of West and Bond. Their practice was at first that 
 of general law business, but Mr. Bond being an experienced patent lawyer, their 
 patent litigation increased to such an extent that they soon gave their entire 
 attention to that branch of the law, and built up a business second to that of no 
 patent law firm in the Northwest, both in extent and importance. 
 
 Mr. West was one year a member of the Wisconsin general assembly, and two 
 years in the senate of that state. As a legislator he ranked very high, always 
 bearing in mind public interests. In political sentiments, Mr. West was origin- 
 ally a whig. He early identified himself with the free-soil party; was present at 
 Madison at the organization of the republican party in that city, and has 
 remained a republican until the present time. 
 
 F. S. BAKER. 
 
 TTREDERICK SHERMAN BAKER was born in Chicago, October 8, 1858, and 
 A is the son of Levi S. Baker, who removed thither in 1839. Mr. Baker was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Chicago, and also studied with a private tutor. He 
 began the study of law in 1878, with the late J. H. Truman, and was admitted to 
 the bar, November, 1882, when he at once began practice, forming a partnership 
 with William J. Donlin, under the name and style of Baker and Donlin. 
 
 FILLMORE WEIGLEY. 
 
 I ''ILLMORE WEIGLEY belongs to a family of lawyers, and was born Novem- 
 _L ber 22, 1846, at Elizabeth, Jo Daviess county, Illinois. His father, Wellington 
 Weigley, is a prominent lawyer at Galena, Illinois, and he also is the son of a 
 lawyer. After he had completed his preliminary studies, Fillmore pursued a 
 course of study at the Andover (Massachusetts) College, and graduated in the 
 class of 1866. Immediately thereafter he commenced the study of law in the office 
 and under the tuition of his father, at Galena, and in 1868 was admitted to the Iowa 
 bar, in Dubuque. About that time both he and his father removed to Chicago, 
 and together opened a law office, but the failure of his father's health soon com- 
 pelled him to return to Galena. Fillmore remained in Chicago until before the fire 
 of 1871, when he also returned to Galena, and until 1873 practiced with his father 
 there, under the firm name of Weigley and Son. During his stay in Chicago Mr. 
 Weigley, Jr., had connected himself with Handy, Simmons and Company, abstract 
 makers, and had developed a liking for real estate law, which he cultivated by 
 every possible means. In 1873 he again returned to Chicago, and shortly afterward
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 471 
 
 became a member of the firm of Handy and Company, abstract makers. As a 
 member of that firm, Mr. Weigley has devoted himself entirely to real estate law, 
 and may be said to rank among the leading real estate lawyers of Chicago. Mr. 
 Weigley was married in April, 1881, to Miss Mary J. Prindel, of Chicago. He is 
 a republican in political sentiment, but takes no active part in political affairs. 
 
 JAMES ENNIS. 
 
 JAMES ENNIS was born at Enniscorthy, County of Wexford, Ireland, March 
 27, 1837. His father, Lawrence Ennis, died on his son's fifteenth birthday, 
 and James, together with his mother and five sisters, emigrated to America. His 
 father had been what is known as a "gentleman farmer," and James had received 
 a good education in the ordinary branches On reaching America his mother 
 purchased a farm in Lake county, Illinois, but James, with his delicate health, 
 was not born to be a farmer. With little difficulty he secured the position of 
 teacher in a neighboring school, and taught for some time, when he fell sick with 
 a dangerous fever, and his life was for weeks despaired of. In 1854, on a bitter 
 cold day in winter, accompanying a neighbor farmer, who with an ox team was 
 hauling a load of produce to Chicago, James walked to the city, which destiny 
 chose for the place in which he was to achieve success, and pass the remainder of 
 his days. With a five-dollar bill in his pocket, and great expectations, he reached 
 the city of his hopes, without a single acquaintance in the great metropolis. He 
 soon secured a situation in a clothing store, but as the proprietor did not see fit 
 to pay him as agreed upon, he left the store one day and went out on the street 
 without any definite purpose, when a sign "justice court," attracted his attention. 
 As he was seeking justice he entered the office, and met Calvin DeWolf, a citizen 
 well known to the people of Chicago, and who has been a justice of the peace for 
 many years. After a long conversation with Mr. DeWolf, the result was that 
 James was hired by him as clerk, and commenced the study of law, and also the 
 study of German, as he foresaw that the knowledge of that language would be 
 of great aid to him in Chicago, with its large German population. January n, 
 1856, although not yet of age, he was admitted to practice law, and November 3, 
 1858, he married Mary A. Sexton, a native of Chicago and a daughter of one of 
 the original Chicago settlers, Stephen Sexton. 
 
 In 1861, the civil war breaking out, Mr. Ennis, who was a staunch Douglas 
 democrat, was eager to enlist, but on account of the delicate state of his health, 
 his friends, after a hard struggle, kept him at home, as his physicians said that 
 the exposure incidental to campaign would kill him, as he was then suffering 
 from lung troubles. He had built his home on North La Salle street, north of 
 Division street, where most of his children were born, and had his office for sev- 
 eral years at 109 Madison street. In May, 1871, however, he furnished two ele- 
 gant offices at the new Open Board Building, 145 Madison street, in a most 
 50
 
 472 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 complete and magnificent manner, and they were said to be by the bar, and com- 
 mented upon by the press as, two of the finest law offices in Chicago. His law 
 library alone was valued at seven thousand dollars. A few months later, in 
 October of the same year, the ever memorable fire swept away his offices, his 
 home, and his houses on the North Side, and he lost in twenty-four hours twenty- 
 five thousand dollars of property which he had worked for long and industri- 
 ously. His real estate, his wife and seven children, together with a house on 
 West Randolph street, remained. All his personal property, save an album of 
 family pictures and a horse and buggy, had been swept away. His property had 
 been insured in a home company, which paid but three mills on the dollar, but 
 with his characteristic energy he furnished his West Side house, opened his law 
 office in the parlor, and proceeded after only a week's delay with his law business. 
 
 In 1872 he moved his office to room 22, Metropolitan Block, where it remained 
 up to the time of his death, and is now occupied by his son and successor in busi- 
 ness, Lawrence M. Ennis. The panic which swept the country in 1873 cost him 
 forty thousand dollars. He had purchased a large tract of Chicago real estate, 
 and owing to the depression in business, was unable to meet his payments, and 
 lost the whole tract. August n, 1876, his loving wife died, leaving nine children, 
 the eldest of which was sixteen years of age, and the youngest a mere babe. This 
 was the heaviest loss of all, and he never seemed to recover from it. A couple of 
 years later he married again, and had one child by his second wife. November 
 9, 1880, after a two days' illness, he died of heart disease at his residence, aged 
 forty-two years, seven months and twelve days, and two days later in the pres- 
 ence of sorrowing friends, relatives, clients and neighbors, he was buried in Cal- 
 vary Cemetery, and his short, but busy life was over. A few days after, a large 
 meeting of the Chicago bar was held, attended by the judges and lawyers, and 
 long resolutions were drawn up and adopted to his memory. 
 
 Mr. Ennis was tall, slim in figure, with a strikingly intellectual countenance, 
 with coal black hair and eyes, his face, saving a black mustache, was kept clean 
 shaven, and he looked to be no more than thirty-three or thirty-four years of 
 age. Owing to the fact that he neglected to have his photograph taken since 
 his early youth, we are unable to preserve an engraving of him in this work. 
 His eldest son was often taken for his brother by those who did not know that 
 he was brotherless. He was a deep student. Science, history and the study of 
 German and Latin were his recreations. He was a hospitable host, but despised 
 parties and society generally. He was a man of firm convictions, and with suffi- 
 cient energy to carry his projects into effect. In religion he was a Roman Cath- 
 olic, and his wife and children are of the same faith. In politics he was a life- 
 long, active democrat. Although often tendered nomination for different offices 
 by his party, he always answered, "Wait till Lawrence [his eldest son] is old 
 enough to take care of my practice, but not now." His son, Lawrence, inherited 
 his father's politics, and was of age November 2, 1881, the day of the presidential 
 election. Father and son cast the same ticket for Winfield Scott Hancock, and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. 473 
 
 one week later the father died, leaving Lawrence just old enough to carry on his 
 business. He spoke German so fluently that his nationality was often discussed 
 and doubted, and there is many a good old German in Chicago to-day, who, if 
 you tell him that James Ennis was not a German, will shake his head dubiously, 
 but, if you dare go further and say that Ennis was an Irishman, you will receive 
 a very emphatic denial to your statement. 
 
 As an advocate Mr. Ennis was at his best. He was a clear, logical, convinc- 
 ing speaker, and with his ready Irish wit, remarkable memory, teeming with droll 
 and witty stories, was a success before a jury. The history of the Chicago bat- 
 eau never be completely written without a page devoted to him. He was honest, 
 able, capable and the soul of honor, and in his twenty-four years' practice never 
 forgot his duties as a gentleman and a lawyer. He was very successful before 
 the supreme court of the state, as the reports will show. He was remarkable for 
 his clear perception of principles of law pertaining to any litigation with which 
 he was connected. He appreciated by intuition the character and motives of liti- 
 gants, jurors and witnesses ; was persuasive and convincing in argument, and 
 achieved success, not only by his eloquence, but by clear and terse presentation 
 of truths as applied to the common interests of society. 
 
 His practice was large and lucrative, and at his death he left about twenty-five 
 thousand dollars' worth of real estate to his children. His love of Latin can be seen 
 in some of their names, which are as follows: Lawrence M., James I., Callistus S., 
 Lullus J., Susie M., Felicia A., Stephen F., Agnes M., Laura G. and Juventius T. 
 James I. Ennis has an important position in the Merchants Loan and Trust Bank, 
 Callistus is with J. V. Farwell and Company. Lullus is with a prominent board- 
 of-trade firm, the four eldest being graduates of the Chicago high school. The 
 remainder of the children are attending school. They all bear many of their 
 father's characteristics, and possess a marked family individuality, and although 
 their father was the last of his name, it will undoubtedly be some years before 
 the family name dies out in Chicago. 
 
 ARBA BROOKINS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Erie 
 county, December 29, 1839, the son of Alanson Brookins, now of Westmore- 
 land, Oneida county, New York, and Catharine (Vanwormer) Brookins, of Can- 
 andaigua, New York. He was educated in Hamilton College, Oneida county, 
 New York, with Rev. Herrick Johnson, of Chicago, and Erastus Willard, late of 
 Indiana, and was a classmate of Milton H. Northup, of Syracuse, and George M. 
 Weaver, of Utica, New York, Prof. Beach, of Beloi.t, Wisconsin, and Dr. West- 
 fall, an eminent divine. Mr. Brookins afterward entered Columbia College 
 Law School, in New York city, and graduated from that institution in 1861. 
 He also studied law with Judge William A. Gilbraith, of Erie, Pennsylvania,
 
 474 rHE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and M. S. Bowen, of Coldwater, Michigan, and was admitted to the bar in 1862. 
 During that same year, in response to a sense of duty, he enlisted in the 24th 
 regiment N. Y. Vol. Cavalry, and entered the army with a lieutenant's commis- 
 sion. He participated in thirty-six different battles, including the Peninsular 
 campaign, Wilson's Creek, battle of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor 
 and North Anna. He was in the front of Petersburgh and at Yellow Tavern, at 
 Peeble's farm, in the great Weldon raid, under Gen. Gregg, and was in the battle 
 of Five Forks and Hatch's Run, and at the surrender of Gen. Lee. After his 
 return from the army, he opened at Coldwater, Michigan, a law office and 
 pursued the practice of his profession until his removal to Chicago in 1871. 
 Since that time he has continued in the general practice of his profession, and 
 justly earned the reputation of being a lawyer of discrimination and ability, and 
 a thoroughly upright man and citizen. Mr. Brookins married Miss Fanny Pat- 
 terson, only daughter of V. K. Patterson, of Oneida county, New York. 
 
 PHILIP A. HOYNE. 
 
 PHILIP AUGUSTUS HOYNE, the subject of this sketch, was born in New 
 York city, November 20, 1825. His father, Patrick Hoyne, was an Irish pa- 
 triot, who, on account of his sympathy with movements looking to the independ- 
 ence of his native country, incurred the displeasure of the government authorities; 
 in consequence of which he sought a refuge in the United States. When about 
 four years of age his father died, and he was at that early age left an orphan, his 
 mother's death occurring the following year. He was taken care of by friends 
 and relatives, and sent to the public schools in New York city until he reached 
 his thirteenth year, when he entered the book-binding and printing establishment 
 of Colton and Jenkins, then a prominent business concern situated in the heart of 
 the newspaper and publishing business of New York. The business being uncon- 
 genial to his taste, and he having a longing to live in the Great West of that 
 day, he determined to proceed thither, and left New York in the summer of 
 1841. He traveled to Chicago, then a city of 4500 inhabitants, the journey being 
 made by the Erie Canal to Buffalo, and thence around the lakes by steamer, 
 taking two weeks. Upon his arrival in Chicago, he entered the law office of 
 his brother, Thomas Hoyne, who had preceded him west about four or five 
 years, and sat down to the study of Blackstone and the necessary languages to 
 fit him for the law; but after applying himself for over a year, and becoming 
 dismayed by the unusual quietness reigning in Chicago, and hearing of the 
 famous lead mines at Galena, he journeyed across the country in a wagon, the 
 journey taking him five days, and he arrived in Galena in the summer of 1842, 
 determined, if possible, to better his condition. He immediately received a posi- 
 tion as book-keeper in a prominent store in Galena, which occupation he varied 
 at times by mining on a small scale. He returned to Chicago in 1844, as an agent
 
 HCCi.p.r Jr i C.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 477 
 
 of a St. Louis fur company, but relinquished that position after a few months' 
 trial, and returned to Galena. 
 
 In those days Mr. Hoyne was fond of roughing it, and made a great many 
 trips on business, often camping out for days and nights in the territories of Iowa 
 and Wisconsin, at that time a wilderness, but now perhaps the garden of the 
 world. On one of these trips, in a skiff, from Galena to St. Louis, in 1844, he 
 stopped at Nauvoo, which place was the home of the Mormons, and witnessed the 
 excitement attendant upon the murder of the great Mormon prophet, Joseph 
 Smith, and his brother Hiram. 
 
 After staying a few years at Galena, frequently visiting Chicago, he settled 
 permanently in Chicago, and went into the real estate business with the late Col. 
 J. B. F. Russell, in 1851. In March, 1853, he was elected the first clerk of the 
 recorder's court of the city of Chicago, which had just then been created by the 
 legislature. He was elected over his two competitors, and held that office five 
 years. He resumed his studies of the law during his leisure moments, and com- 
 pleted them; and he was admitted to the bar of the supreme court of the state of 
 Illinois early in the year 1855, and to the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 February 3, 1868. While yet acting as clerk of the recorder's court of Chicago, 
 January 9, 1855, he was appointed by Hon. Thomas Drummond, judge of the 
 United States court, a United States commissioner for the district of Illinois. The 
 district then comprised the whole state, but the state was soon afterward divided 
 into two districts, the northern and the southern, leaving Mr. Hoyne commis- 
 sioner for the northern district of Illinois, a position which he has held for nearly 
 a third of a century, and he is the oldest in the service in the Northwest. He also 
 holds appointments from the several governors of the states and territories as 
 commissioner of deeds for each state and territory, as well as like appointments 
 for the provinces of Canada and British America; an appointment by the Presi- 
 dent as commissioner for the District of Columbia, and he is a commissioner of 
 the United States court of claims, the court of commissioners of Alabama claims 
 and the French and American claims commissions respectively. 
 
 Among other public positions held by him, Mr. Hoyne has been a member of 
 the board of education of the city of Chicago for nine years, acting as president 
 of the board for two successive terms. He was connected with the fire depart- 
 ment in early days, and also with the military, having been a member of the old 
 Chicago artillery for years prior to, and at the breaking out of the civil war. He 
 is an Odd-Fellow and a Freemason, filling some of the highest positions in the 
 two orders. He was instrumental, in connection with Hon. John Wentworth, E. 
 G. Keith, Judge Bradwell and others, in starting the Union League Club, in the 
 winter of 1880, which is now a thriving and prosperous institution. He, with M. 
 E. Stone, of the "Daily News," D. K. Pearson and others, took the initiative in 
 the movement for a memorial of the great fire. In fact, he has a hand in most of 
 the enterprises of the day; and the name Phil Hoyne is a household word. He 
 was closely identified with the democratic party previous to the outbreak of the
 
 478 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 war of the rebellion in 1861, when his fidelity to the Union cause led him to act 
 in conjunction with the republicans and war democrats, and he naturally drifted 
 into the ranks of the republican party, of which he has since been an active and 
 honored member; and he was a member of the republican state central commit- 
 tee of Illinois from 1876 to 1881. 
 
 He married Teresa C. French, daughter of the distinguished grammarian, 
 D'Arcy A. French, April 29, 1849, and has two sons, William A. Hoyne, and John 
 Thomas Hoyne; the former being associated with the firm of Culver, Page, 
 Hoyne and Company, stationers, and the latter with the well known dry goods 
 house of John V. Farwell and Company, of Chicago. 
 
 That public man has sterling, lovable qualities who is given a nickname by 
 his friends and the public. "Abe" Lincoln, "Tom" Hood, "Phil" Sheridan, 
 " Pap " Thomas, " Tecumseh " Sherman, "Jim "Elaine, "The Little Corporal." 
 These names mean more than respect for their bearers, they mean love as well; 
 and Mr. Hoyne's is no exception to the rule. The court, the bar, the people have 
 a hearty regard for " Phil " Hoyne. 
 
 EDWARD J. HILL. 
 
 ^T^HE subject of this sketch is a studious, industrious, patient lawyer, who has 
 1 won a high reputation both as a practitioner and legal writer. In style he 
 is terse, vigorous, apt in illustration, accurate and concise in statement, without 
 repetition. He is the author of several works of great merit, among which may 
 be mentioned his "Digest of the Illinois Reports," which has received high enco- 
 miums from the lawyers and judges throughout this country. It has been so 
 carefully and thoroughly prepared, that without resort to the original reports, 
 with the table of cases cited, the substance of every case digested may be gath- 
 ered with certainty and precision. It contains full notes to every case in the 
 reports, with reference to the statutes when necessary; a table of cases overruled, 
 modified, criticised and explained; a table of reports, enabling one to find out 
 at a glance when any case cited was determined or submitted; a table of cases, 
 enabling parties to pursue investigations by cases, and a full alphabetical and 
 analytical index, with cross-references. The state of Illinois has adhered more 
 closely to the English practice than any other state, and rests to some extent 
 upon English precedent and the history of English jurisprudence. 
 
 Mr. Hill was born at Albion, Orleans county, New York, June 24, 1833; grad- 
 uated at the University of Vermont in August, 1853; read law at Burlington, 
 Vermont, from 1853 to 1855, and was admitted to practice in 1855, but was 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1856 to 1860. He commenced the active 
 practice of the law at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in June, 1860, where he gained an 
 excellent reputation as a wise counselor, a skillful practitioner, and a lawyer of 
 persistency and courage. He was admitted to the supreme court of that state in
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 479 
 
 August, 1860, and to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1863. He removed 
 to Chicago in June, 1868; was admitted to the supreme court of Illinois in 1869, 
 and has been in active practice at Chicago from that time. 
 
 Mr. Hill is a thorough lawyer in every department of the profession. His 
 cases are always thoroughly prepared, and he always appears in court with the 
 authorities at hand with which to support his propositions. He is a good advo- 
 cate, always presenting his case pointedly and in a comprehensive manner, and 
 always makes every point his case contains. He is a logician of high order, and 
 is an effective speaker, either before a court or jury. 
 
 Mr. Hill is easy in his manners, affable and courteous, and bears the impress 
 of a liberal education. He is a polished gentleman, of fine personal appearance. 
 He is of medium height, of stout build, and well proportioned; has a high, broad 
 forehead, with black hair and sharp black eyes. 
 
 JAMES J. HOCH. 
 
 JAMES J. HOCH was born in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, August n, 1854, 
 and is the son of William Hoch, who was a prosperous farmer in that county. 
 He attended the public school in Milwaukee, and in 1868 studied in Saint Francis 
 College, near that city. In 1870 he entered Saint Vincent's College, in Westmore- 
 land county, Pennsylvania, and graduated therefrom in 1873. Having determined 
 to enter the legal profession, he removed to Chicago immediately after graduat- 
 ing, and entered the office of James Ennis and began the study of law. He was 
 admitted to practice January 4, 1878, and since that time has been actively 
 engaged in practice, with good success. 
 
 In politics Mr. Hoch is a republican, although he takes no active part in polit- 
 ical affairs, being a close and careful student, and finding in his professional work 
 his chief pleasure. He was married in 1882. 
 
 PERRY A. HULL. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a native of Ohio, and was born in Williams- 
 field, Ashtabula county, December 22, 1850, the son of William M. Hull, and 
 Samantha C. (Dodge) Hull. His father, a highly respected citizen of Williams- 
 field, is one of the leading men in Ashtabula county, being a wealthy and exten- 
 sive land owner. His mother belonged to one of the most highly respected and 
 intelligent families in northern Ohio, and is a daughter of Capt. John Dodge, of 
 Connecticut, who served as an officer in the war of 1812. Perry A. attended the 
 common schools until he was fifteen years of age, when he entered Kingsville 
 Academy at Ashtabula, Ohio, and continued there two years and finished his 
 preparatory course. He then entered Hillsdale College, Michigan, and remained
 
 480 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 there a year and a half, giving his attention to the most practical studies, and 
 then read law for two and a half years with Col. R. W. Ricaby, then prosecuting 
 attorney for Hillsdale county. Removing to Chicago at the expiration of that 
 time, he continued his study of law in the office of William H. Richardson, and 
 was admitted to the bar about January i, 1872, and afterward formed a copart- 
 nership with Mr. Richardson, which continued one year. In January, 1873, he 
 commenced business by himself, devoting his attention to general civil practice, 
 and, considering that he settled in Chicago an entire stranger, his success in 
 building up by his own exertions a business second to no man of his age in the 
 city is remarkable. Having that peculiar fitness requisite in a successful trial 
 lawyer, he has to a large extent made the trial of cases in court a specialty. He 
 is well read in his profession, and is honest and trustworthy and a safe, relia- 
 ble counselor. In political sentiments he is a republican, and has taken consid- 
 erable interest in politics, and devoted much time to political work. 
 
 C. STUART BEATTIE. 
 
 /CHARLES STUART BEATTIE, a native of Illinois, was born at Ottawa, 
 V_x September 30, 1855. He is the son of Charles J. Beattie, a practicing attor- 
 ney of Chicago, and Eliza B. (Card) Beattie. The family are of Irish extraction. 
 The parents of young Beattie moved from La Salle county to Pontiac, Illinois, in 
 1857, where our subject received his early education, attending the grammar and 
 high schools of that place. In 1872 he, with the family, moved to Chicago, and 
 in the fall of the same year entered the office of John Lyle King, and commenced 
 the study of the law. He continued in this connection about one vear, and then 
 went into his father's law office in the city, and continued his legal studies until 
 admitted to the bar of the state on examination by the supreme court at Spring- 
 field, in January 1876. 
 
 His health having become impaired by over-application to study, he was 
 employed by the "Inter-Ocean" company, and remained in their employ about 
 six months. In April, 1877, he opened a law office in Chicago, where he has 
 remained in the practice of his profession ever since, doing a prosperous business. 
 Among other important cases in which Mr. Beattie has been retained was the 
 case of The People ex rel. Francis P. Gleason vs. George A. Meech. This 
 case grew out of the act of the legislature of 1881, dividing the county of 
 Cook into two justice districts. Chicago being one and the remaining portion 
 of the county the other, the constables of the county being by the act pro- 
 hibited from serving papers in the city, virtually destroying the emoluments 
 of those offices outside of Chicago. Mr. Beattie was retained by the officers, 
 and attacked the act by mandamus before the supreme court of Illinois, the law 
 being contrary to the uniformity clause of the constitution of the state. The 
 Citizens' Association, Merchants' Exchange and five railroad companies of Chi-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 481 
 
 cago combined to sustain the act, retaining Hon. C. B. Lawrence, ex-chief-justice 
 of the supreme court, against Mr. Beattie. The case was presented at the June 
 term, 1881, of the court at Springfield. The law was defended by the daily press 
 and "Legal News" of Chicago, and by the thorough articles written by able 
 attorneys ; and on September 30, the twenty-sixth birthday of our subject, the 
 supreme court, by a unanimous opinion, sustained the mandamus and declared the 
 law unconstitutional. A petition for a rehearing was filed at the January term, 
 1882, of the supreme court, but was denied. 
 
 Mr. Beattie has been uniformly employed upon the side of the defense of his 
 suits in court, and has been largely employed in criminal cases, and has achieved 
 a marked degree of success in defending his clients. He has a good deal of prac- 
 tice in the appellate court of Chicago. 
 
 He is of medium height, dark complexion, black hair and eyes, is well formed, 
 a good lawyer, of fluent and pleasing address, a young man of refinement and 
 culture, having literary tastes, and is well read in history and classic poetry. He 
 is high court representative of the I.O.F. of Illinois, is independent in politics, 
 though he has affiliated generally with the democratic party, and is well posted 
 in the politics of the day, but, devoted to the law, he gives it his undivided atten- 
 tion, and being young in years he may well hope to reach higher acclivities in 
 climbing with laudable ambition toward the acme of success in the high and 
 honorable calling he has chosen. 
 
 JACOB R. CUSTER. 
 
 JACOB R. CUSTER is one of the most substantial young men practicing at 
 the Chicago bar. While many men have gained distinction by practicing a 
 specialty, Mr. Custer has attained high rank by making himself thoroughly con- 
 versant with every department of the profession. He is a good trial lawyer, is 
 well acquainted with the rules of court and the law of evidence and is equally 
 proficient in all of the details of office work. He enjoys the reputation of being 
 honorable and upright, a.id has the confidence of all who are favored with his 
 acquaintance. His ancestors were among the first settlers of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Jacob R. Custer was born May 27, 1845, at Lawrenceville, Chester county, 
 Pennsylvania, and is the son of David Y. Custer, and Esther F. (Rambo) Custer. 
 He commenced his education at Washington Hall, in Trappe, Pennsylvania, 
 entered the sophomore class of Pennsylvania College, at Gettysburg, Pennsylva- 
 nia, in 1864, and graduated from that institution in August, 1867, taking the third 
 honor in his class. He studied law one year in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 
 1868, and attended the Albany Law School at Albany, New York, and graduated 
 therefrom in 1869, at which time he was admitted to the New York bar. In the 
 fall of 1869 he came to Chicago, where he has been practicing law ever since with 
 excellent success. He practiced alone until June, 1879, when he formed a part- 
 Si
 
 482 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 nership with Hon. William J. Campbell, his present partner. In 1880 Mr. Custer 
 was appointed master in chancery of the superior court, which office he has held 
 since that time, giving the utmost satisfaction. Mr. Custer served in the Penn- 
 sylvania militia during the memorable battles of Antietam and Gettysburg. 
 
 He was married December i, 1879, to Miss Ella A. White, an estimable lady of 
 Chicago. They have one child living. Mr. Custer is attractive in personal 
 appearance. He is of medium height and well proportioned. His hair and eyes 
 are dark, and forehead high and square, with regular features. His face is shaved 
 clean with the exception of a dark brown mustache. 
 
 G. ROCKLIFFE KNIGHT. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of England, and was born at Edgevas- 
 ton, January 7, 1855, and is the son of Finlay Knight, Queen's Counsel, and a 
 prominent lawyer in London. The mother of our subject is Ellen G. (Billing- 
 hurst) Knight, a daughter of Admiral Billinghurst, of the British navy. 
 
 Our subject pursued a scientific and classical course of study at Westminster, 
 England. He commenced the study of the law in England, but completed his 
 preparatory legal studies after immigrating to America, at Toronto, Canada, in 
 the office of Foster and Clark. Remaining there as a student until September, 
 1881, he then removed to Chicago, and upon admission to the bar opened an 
 office and entered with earnestness and vigor into his chosen profession, with 
 every prospect of success. 
 
 Mr. Knight is a young man of good abilities, a faithful student, well versed in 
 the rudiments of the law, and withal honorable, fair and reliable in all his rela- 
 tions. 
 
 AUSTIN O. SEXTON. 
 
 THE subject of this biographical sketch is a native of Chicago, and the son of 
 the late Stephen S. Sexton, who contracted to build the first school house in 
 Chicago, who has figured conspicuously as a builder of many of the most 
 important buildings in the city, and who has held several important offices, being 
 at one time chief of the Chicago police. His mother was Mary A. (Gaughn) Sex- 
 ton. Both of his parents were of Irish descent. They died in 1861. Austin O. 
 commenced his education in the public schools; being an apt scholar, he soon 
 entered the high school and graduated therefrom in June 1872. He traveled in 
 the West one year, and in 1873 entered the law office of the late James Ennis, 
 where he made rapid progress in the rudiments of his profession, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in Mount Vernon, Illinois, July 4, 1876. 
 
 In political sentiments Mr. Sexton is a democrat. He was elected in Novem 
 ber, 1876, to the thirtieth general assembly of Illinois, and reelected to the same
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 483 
 
 body in 1878, in 1880, and again in 1882, and was the nominee of the democrats 
 for speaker of the house in the session of 1883. As a legislator Mr. Sexton takes a 
 leading part on the democratic side, especially in matters pertaining to Cook 
 county. He is an influential member, whose advice and opinions are always 
 sought on all important matters of legislation, and a fearless advocate of what he 
 deems to be right and in the interest of his constituents. He has always been 
 very active in ward politics, has been a delegate to all the city and county dem- 
 ocratic conventions, and is a member of the city and county central committee. 
 He is a member of the American Order of United Workmen, and of the Indepen- 
 dent Order of Foresters. 
 
 He was married in the fall of 1874, to Miss Mary I. Lyons, an estimable lady. 
 They have four children. Mr. Sexton has a fine presence and a robust constitu- 
 tion. He has a clear, comprehensive mind, quick and apt, and is thoroughly 
 posted in his profession. He is a logical reasoner, an easy, graceful speaker, 
 and has every reason to look forward to the realization of his most cherished 
 hopes and anticipations of success in his profession and business. 
 
 HON. S. CORNING JUDD. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Otisco, Onondaga county, New York, 
 July 21, 1827. He is the son of Solomon and Eleanor (Clark) Judd. His 
 mother died when he was four years of age. He received his primary education at a 
 private school, preparatory to an academic course, which he entered upon at the 
 age of nine, in Aurora Academy, Erie county, New York, continuing till he finished 
 his course at the age of seventeen. Here he formed the acquaintance of Hon. 
 Millard Fillmore, afterward President of the United States, with whom he was 
 ever after on friendly terms, and whose influence had considerable to do in shap- 
 ing his political course. While at Aurora he began the study of law under Judge 
 La Fayette Carver, but the winter following the completion of his academic course 
 he spent in Canada, teaching school. Returning in the spring of 1845, he contin- 
 ued his legal studies with the firm of Griswold and Corning, in Syracuse, New 
 York, Richard S. Corning, of this firm (after whom Mr. Judd received his middle 
 name), being a brother of the late Hon. Erastus Corning, of Albany; the former 
 being a particular friend of his father. 
 
 Mr. Judd continued his professional studies, attaining to a marked proficiency; 
 and at Albany, New York, in 1848, at the age of twenty-one, was admitted to 
 practice in all the courts of the state of New York. He then formed a law part- 
 nership with H. S. Winsor, of Syracuse, under the firm name of Winsor and Judd, 
 and practiced law and wrote editorials for the Syracuse " Daily Journal," which 
 attracted attention to him as a writer of no ordinary abilities. In 1849 he was 
 appointed by the common council of Syracuse to the office of city clerk, which 
 office he held one year, at the expiration of which he accepted the editorship of
 
 484 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the Syracuse " Daily Star," at that time an independent journal in politics. The 
 position had been offered him some time previous on account of the reputation 
 he had acquired as a newspaper writer. In August, 1850, shortly after Mr. Fill- 
 more's accession to the presidency, Mr. Judd, by recommendation of the Presi- 
 dent, accepted a situation in the department of the interior at Washington, and 
 remained in that capacity about eighteen months, when he resigned, and at the 
 solicitation of Hon. George F. Comstock, the proprietor of the paper, again 
 assumed the editorship of the Syracuse " Daily Star," and shortly afterward 
 purchased the paper of Mr. Comstock. In 1852 the " Star " became the organ of 
 the conservatives, the " hunkers," " adamantines " or Dickinson men of the demo- 
 cratic party, and the "silver grays" or the Clay, Webster and Fillmore men of 
 the Whig party, these having in effect coalesced. The " Star " was at that time 
 the only conservative journal published in the city of Syracuse. In 1853 Mr. Judd 
 sold the paper to the democrats, who changed its name to the Syracuse " Repub- 
 lican," and later to the Syracuse " Courier," he remaining as one of its editors, 
 and from that time forward acting in earnest connection with the democratic 
 party, to whose sound and conservative principles he was strongly attached. 
 Early in the year 1854 he resigned his position as editor, and removed to Lewis- 
 town, Fulton county, Illinois, accepting a previously tendered law partnership 
 with his brother-in-law, Hon. William C. Goudy, now and for some time past 
 an eminent attorney of Chicago. Mr. Judd, while attorney at Lewistown, prac- 
 ticed in the various state and federal courts, attaining a wide reputation, till 
 January T, 1873, when, having formed a partnership with William Fitzhugh 
 Whitehouse, son of the late Bishop Whitehouse, of the diocese of Illinois, he 
 removed to Chicago, and has since practiced his profession in this city. At the 
 annual meeting of the Chicago Bar Association held in January, 1883, Mr. Judd 
 was elected president of that organization, which position he now holds. Mr. 
 Judd has had a large railroad and general practice since his removal to Chicago. 
 We need not here enlarge upon the qualities and successes of one so well known 
 and so eminent in his profession as the subject of this sketch. The simple 
 facts of his record speak more eloquently than any praise we could bestow. 
 
 In 1860 Mr. Judd was the democratic candidate for presidential elector on the 
 Douglas ticket, for the Fulton congressional district, Hon. William Pitt Kellogg 
 (since governor of Louisiana, and member of the United States senate from that 
 state) being candidate for elector on the republican or Lincoln ticket. In 1864 he 
 was nominated by the democratic party of Illinois for the office of lieutenant gov- 
 ernor, and vigorously canvassed the southern and western sections. Hon. James 
 C. Robinson was candidate for governor on the same ticket. Since 1864 Mr. 
 Judd has taken little active part in politics, but has confined his labors closely to 
 his profession, with the exception of making a few speeches in different parts of 
 the state during presidential campaigns. 
 
 In his church proclivities and relations Mr. Judd is an Episcopalian, having 
 been confirmed in Syracuse in 1851. Since 1862 he has been repeatedly elected
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 485 
 
 to represent the diocese of Illinois in the general (or national) convention of the 
 church. In 1871 he was elected by the diocesan convention chancellor of the dio- 
 cese of Illinois, which position he still holds, having been reflected by the con- 
 vention every three years since that date. On behalf of the diocese he conducted 
 the famous trial known as the Cheney case, in all its various phases. 
 
 Mr. Judd was married July 5, 1852, to Miss Lavina J. James, daughter of the 
 late William James, of Washington city, and sister of Hon. L. W. James, now of 
 Peoria, Illinois. He has two children, the eldest being the wife of Fred. Louis 
 Foltz, architect, of Chicago, and his son, William Goudy Judd, late a hardware 
 merchant of this city, but now in the same business at Fargo, Dakota. 
 
 WILLIAM B. BRADFORD. 
 
 WILLIAM B. BRADFORD is a lineal descendant, in the maternal line, of 
 the celebrated Kentucky pioneer, Daniel Boone. He is the eldest son of 
 David G. Bradford, a Presbyterian clergyman, of Aberdeen, Ohio, where our sub- 
 ject was born October 27, 1851. He received his early education at Monmouth, 
 Illinois, in the academy and college of that place. In 1867 he entered the high 
 school in Chicago, and after completing his course of studies there, removed to 
 Knoxville, Illinois, where he commenced the study of the law in the office of 
 Hon. A. N. Craig, now one of the judges of the supreme court of Illinois. He 
 was admitted to the bar in January, 1874, and in November of the same year 
 commenced the practice of his profession in Chicago, in connection with the firm 
 of Bennett, Kretzinger and Veeder, with whom he remained until April, 1876, 
 when he formed a partnership with George W. Plummer. After a lapse of two 
 years Mr. Bradford commenced business by himself, and by devoting his entire 
 time to his profession, he has built up quite a large civil practice. 
 
 In politics Mr. Bradford does not take any active part, but is a republican, 
 and is also a member of the Presbyterian church. He was married April 5, 1877, 
 to Miss Carrie E. Craig, a daughter of Judge Craig, of Galesburg, Illinois. 
 
 WILLIAM H. KINKAID. 
 
 WILLIAM H. KINKAID was born in New York city, June 21, 1847. His 
 father, Alexander Kinkaid, was descended from the old and prominent 
 Scotch family of that name, and was a well known and wealthy wholesale leather 
 merchant in New York. The subject of this sketch prepared for college at the 
 Polytechnic Institute, of New York, and entering Columbia College, where he 
 took both the literary and law courses in 1865, graduated in 1868. He then 
 entered the office of John Livingston, the law publisher, of New York, and after 
 his admission to the bar, in the fall of 1868, was employed as attorney for the 
 firm of L. M. Bates and Company, and continued in their employ and that of
 
 486 THE BENCH AND B.IK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 their successors. Bates, Reid and Cooley, for seven years. In 1878 Mr. Kinkaid 
 was appointed attorney for the New York Dry Goods Association, and in 1880 
 removed to Chicago, where he represents the interests of that body. He was, up 
 to the time of their dissolution, in January, 1882, a member of the firm of Remy, 
 Kinkaid and Chumasero, in Chicago, since which time he has been alone. 
 
 Mr. Kinkaid makes a specialty of commercial law and collections. He has a 
 large practice, and numbers among his clients some of the largest and wealthiest 
 firms in New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Chicago. In politics he is a repub- 
 lican, but takes no active part therein. He is a thorough lawyer, and devoted to 
 his professional duties. 
 
 JOHN ROWLAND THOMPSON. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Heath, Franklin county, Massachu- 
 setts, and is directly descended, on his mother's side, from John Howland, 
 who was the last survivor of those who came over in the Mayflower. He was 
 born September 8, 1827, and attended the Williston Seminary at East Hampton, 
 Massachusetts, and in 1846 entered Amherst College, graduating in 1850. He 
 then taught for one year in the Monson Academy in Massachusetts, and then for 
 one year was principal of Deerfield Academy. In 1852 he brgan the study of law 
 in the office of Beach and Bond, of Springfield, Massachusetts, and afterward was 
 in the office of Judge Vose, of the same place. He was admitted to the bar in 
 the fall of 1853, and about the same time became associate editor of the Spring- 
 field "Republican." In the spring of 1854, he removed to Chicago, and was for 
 a time employed in the office of Blackwell and Beckwith, and afterward in the 
 office of Judge Manniere, to whose business he succeeded upon Mr. Manniere's 
 election to the bench. In October, 1856, he formed a partnership with Henry W. 
 Bishop, under the style of Thompson and Bishop, which continued until 1880. 
 Mr. Thompson takes considerable interest in the affairs of the republican party, 
 but is thoroughly devoted to his profession. He was a director of the Third 
 National Bank of this city. 
 
 HENRY S. GOLDSMITH. 
 
 HENRY S. GOLDSMITH was born at Hamburg, Germany, May 26, 1845, 
 and is the son of S. H. Goldschmidt, and Frederike (Lichtenhein) Gold- 
 schmidt, a descendant of an old and noble family. Mr. Goldsmith had all the 
 advantages of a collegiate education, graduating from the well known gymna- 
 sium at Hamburg in 1862 at the age of seventeen years. Immediately after 
 graduating, in 1862, he emigrated to this country, and settled at Leavenworth, 
 Kansas, where he entered the office of Hon. C. Tholen, with whom he remained 
 until his admission to the bar at Leavenworth, December 21, 1872, when he 
 entered into partnership with his preceptor under the firm name of Tholen and 
 Goldsmith. 

 
 TffJK BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 487 
 
 To the German population of Kansas, western Missouri and southern Iowa, 
 the firm was well known, as they were the only German lawyers in that part of 
 the country, and were frequently called into cases in Iowa and Missouri in which 
 Germans were litigants. In May, 1874, this firm dissolved by mutual consent, 
 and Mr. Goldsmith went to Washington county, Kansas, and in July of the same 
 year he was appointed deputy county attorney. 
 
 In June, 1875, Mr. Goldsmith removed to Chicago. Beginning his career in 
 this country without friends or money, at the early age of seventeen years, he has 
 by patient industry and honest toil established a business of which any young 
 man might be proud. His business is mostly conducted for citizens of his own 
 nationality, and consists principally of office work. He is a member of many 
 societies, belonging to the Grand Lodges of the A.O.U.W., D.O.H., and is a mem- 
 ber of the I.O.O.F. and Encampment I.O.M.A., I.O.B.B., and of the Select Knights 
 of the A.O.U.W. 
 
 He was married September 30, 1877, to Miss Annie Reinke. They have two 
 children, David and Samuel. 
 
 CHARLES WALHART WOODMAN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is preeminently a self-made man. He was born in 
 Alburg, Denmark, March n, 1844, and is the son of Henry Woodman, a 
 prominent citizen, and formerly mayor of that city. Charles W. attended school 
 until he was fifteen years of age, when his father became financially embarrassed, 
 and failed in business, whereupon he determined to depend upon himself for sup- 
 port, and relieve his father to that extent. Seizing the first opportunity offered 
 him, he embarked in an expedition to the Arctic Ocean, and during the succeed- 
 ing seven years followed the sea, making in that time, after his return from his 
 Arctic expedition, three voyages around the world. He enlisted in the federal 
 navy in 1863, and served under Admiral Farragut until the close of the war, tak- 
 ing part in the actions at Mobile and Fort Morgan. At the close of the war he 
 entered the merchant service, and traded between Philadelphia and the Gulf for 
 more than a year. Going to Chicago in 1865, he did so with the purpose of at 
 once settling down, and completing his preparation for the practice of the law, 
 which he had studied throughout his whole seafaring life. Overpowered in his 
 purpose, however, by his strong attachment to a sailor's life, he again embarked, 
 and for the next two years we find him coasting on the lakes. At the expiration 
 of that time, in 1867, he went into life insurance business, which, with the study 
 of the law, occupied his attention until 1870, when he entered the Union College 
 of Law at Chicago. He was admitted to the bar in October, 1871, and com- 
 menced his practice with the firm of Monroe and Sybold, with whom he continued 
 until 1873. 
 
 In 1879 he was elected prosecuting attorney for the lower courts in Chicago, 
 and held that position until his appointment to the office of justice of the peace
 
 488 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 in 1882. In politics Mr. Woodman is an earnest republican, and takes an active 
 part in all the affairs of his party. He was a Grant delegate to the last national 
 convention, and was one of the famous "306." He was married, in 1867, to Miss 
 Hamilton, a young lady of French descent. By that union they had one daugh- 
 ter, Jessie E. Woodman. 
 
 HON. JOHN D. CATON, LL.D. 
 
 JOHN DEAN CATON was born in Monroe, Orange county, New York, March 
 19, 1812. His grandfather, once connected with the British army, settled on 
 the Potomac in Virginia, where he resided at the time of the revolution. Two of 
 his sons joined the patriots, one of whom, Robert, was only fourteen years of 
 age. Having served through the war, Robert settled down as a farmer near the 
 Hudson. He laid down his arms as a soldier, but became at the same time a 
 preacher among the Friends, of which society he was a zealous member. John 
 was the fifteenth child and twelfth son of this venerable patriarch, who died 
 when he was three years old. Soon afterward his family removed to Paris, 
 Oneida county. Here, at the age of five, the boy commenced attending the com- 
 mon school. At the age of nine he began to work industriously on the farm 
 during the spring and summer, and during the winter months he pursued with 
 avidity his studies in the district school. At sixteen he entered the academy at 
 Utica, where he remained one year, and at seventeen commenced teaching. He 
 entered the Grosvenor high school at Rome in 1841, and pursued his studies 
 with zeal and ardor, applying himself specially to surveying. Upon leaving the 
 academy he commenced the study of the law with Beardsley and Matterson at 
 Utica. In 1833 he started for Michigan, where he learned of a hitherto unknown 
 place called Chicago, to which he directed his footsteps, and found it chiefly a 
 collection of rude huts in a low, swampy place, containing about two hundred 
 persons. His office was at first peripatetic, and for his consultations he occupied 
 the most convenient box or barrel. He was the first attorney who instituted a 
 suit in a court of record of Cook county. On a brig, Queen Charlotte, being the 
 same brig that was taken from the British by Com. Perry, he tried the first jury 
 cases ever tried in Cook, Will and Kane counties. 
 
 To gain admittance to the bar he was compelled to journey to Greenville, 
 Bond county, a distance of three hundred miles, on horseback, the journey being 
 through the silent forests and almost untrodden prairies, stretching from Lake 
 Michigan to the Ohio river. A severe and protracted illness resulted from this 
 journey, on recovering from which Mr. Caton applied himself with assiduity to 
 his profession. In 1835 he returned to New Hartford, New York, where he was 
 married to Laura Adelaide Sherrill, and the wedding trip was made by way of 
 the lakes to Chicago. In 1836 he formed a partnership with N. B. Judd, a former 
 schoolmate and friend.
 
 /" 
 
 EX- CHIEF- JUSTICE OF ILLINOIS.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 49 1 
 
 In 1839 Mr. Caton, owing to failing health, removed to Plainfield, Illinois, 
 where he purchased a farm of fifteen hundred acres, and for several years was at 
 once farmer and lawyer. With returning vigor he bestowed more time upon his 
 practice, and in 1842 Gov. Carlin appointed him as judge of the supreme court of 
 the state for the winter. There were then nine judges, each presiding over a cir- 
 cuit in the summer, and together holding the appellate court in the winter. 
 Being at this time but thirty years of age, he failed of an election to the supreme 
 bench ; but Gov. Ford soon appointed him to fill another vacancy. He was 
 elected by the legislature on the expiration of his second appointment, and 
 served until, in 1849, the supreme court was reorganized under the new constitu- 
 tion. He was then chosen as one of the three judges of that court, Judges Trum- 
 bull and Treat being his associates'. From that time he continued upon the 
 supreme bench until 1864, when he resigned, having served in the temple of jus- 
 tice for about twenty-two years, during more than six years of which he presided 
 as chief-justice. 
 
 Having studied telegraphy, and becoming greatly interested in the art, he 
 constructed the Illinois and Mississippi lines, which in 1867 were leased to the 
 Western Union Telegraph Company. 
 
 Of his many public addresses, perhaps the most remarkable are those made 
 upon his resignation from the supreme bench, and upon his presentation, on 
 behalf of the western alumni, of the Perry H. Smith Library Hall, to the trustees 
 of Hamilton College. As a literary man Judge Caton's style is simple, lucid, 
 perspicuous and elegant. He is never sensational, never florid or even highly 
 ornate. He seeks to express his thoughts in the clearest manner, and in the 
 most concise form consistent with an easy and graceful style. Some of his pro- 
 ductions are really classical in style and diction. 
 
 Judge Caton's fame, however, must rest chiefly upon his judicial decisions 
 promulgated from the supreme bench, and which are contained in thirty volumes 
 of the Illinois Reports. These opinions are models of st.yle and monuments of 
 research. 
 
 MOSES SALOMON. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch has been remarkably successful since he began the 
 practice of the law, and has been engaged in several important cases. For 
 a man of his age, he has acquired quite a large clientage, and is doing a prosper- 
 ous business. He is of Jewish parentage, the son of Solomon Salomon; who is of 
 German descent, and was formerly in business at Peoria, Illinois, where Moses was 
 born December 13, 1857. His mother before marriage was Miss Sophia Rosen- 
 field. In 1863 his parents removed to Chicago, where our subject received his 
 education. He attended the public schools and afterward entered the Union 
 College of Law, and graduated from that institution in October 1881. While in 
 the law college he was at the same time actively engaged in the office of Allen C. 
 52
 
 492 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Story. After he was admitted to the bar, Mr. Salomon commenced active 
 practice by himself. His first important case was one in which he defended 
 the butterine dealers before the criminal court, and in which he made a very able 
 argument, securing his client's acquittal. Mr. Salomon's second important case 
 acquired for him quite an extensive reputation. He was appointed by the court 
 to defend James Tracy, who was indicted for the murder of a police officer. 
 Although he made an able argument in the defense of his client, the verdict of 
 the jury was against him. 
 
 Mr. Salomon is an active democrat, and takes a warm interest in all political 
 matters. 
 
 FRANK P. REYNOLDS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a young man of much promise, and if he is true 
 to himself in the future as he has been in the past he will reap the reward 
 of his industry and enterprise. He is a native of New York, and was born in 
 Lockport, July 31, 1854, and is the son of James Reynolds. 
 
 He attended the public schools in Lockport until 1872, when he attended La 
 Salle College, in Toronto, Ontario. After completing his course, in 1874, he went 
 to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he attended the high school two years. 
 
 In September, 1877, he took up his residence in Chicago, and entering the 
 Union College of Law, graduated from that institution June 5, 1879, a "d was 
 admitted to the bar on the I4th of the same month. He at once opened an office 
 and commenced practice in Chicago, and has been reasonably successful in 
 establishing a practice. 
 
 DANIEL L. SHOREY. 
 
 THE bar of Chicago contains in its list a number of prominent men who hail 
 from the Pine Tree State, and one of the foremost among them is Daniel 
 Lewis Shorey, who was born at Jonesborough, Washington county, January 31, 
 1824. He comes of the very best revolutionary stock, his grandfather, John 
 Shorey, enlisting as a private at the age of nineteen, taking part in the battle of 
 Bunker Hill and serving until the close of the war, being part of the time a mem- 
 ber of Gen. Washington's body-guard. The father of our subject, Joseph Shorey, 
 a native of Wolfborough, New Hampshire, went to Maine while it was a part of 
 Massachusetts, and was there engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served for 
 many years as a justice of the peace, being one of the first appointed for the state 
 of Maine, and was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and influence, being 
 well read in English literature and the politics of the day. He married Sylvia 
 Hall, a native of Washington county, Maine, and a descendant, on her mother's 
 side, of the Mortons of Massachusetts. 
 
 Mr. Shorey prepared for college at Philips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 493 
 
 and was graduated with honors at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, 
 class of "51. He commenced reading law in Washington, District of Columbia, 
 where he also taught the classics for two years in the Rittenhouse Academy, fin- 
 ishing his legal studies at the Dane Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and 
 being admitted to the bar in 1854 in Boston. There he practiced one year, and 
 then removed to Davenport, Iowa, where he was in extensive practice for ten 
 years. While there he was a partner for some years of Gen. J. B. Leake, now 
 United States district attorney, Chicago. He was city attorney of Davenport 
 from 1862 to 1865, and president, about the same time, of the city school board. 
 He had greatly endeared himself to the friends of education while a resident of 
 that progressive hawkeye city, and when he left it was a loss seriously felt, espe- 
 cially by the better class of people. 
 
 Mr. Shorey removed from Iowa to Chicago in the summer of 1865, and entered 
 at once upon the practice of the law. He had at one period James S. Norton for 
 a partner; at another, Benjamin M. Shaffner, and latterly he has been alone. He 
 practices in the civil courts exclusively, with a strong leaning to chancery practice. 
 
 One of the weekly religious papers of Chicago thus spoke not long ago of our 
 subject as a lawyer: 
 
 Mr. Shorey's training at that best school, the bar, has been unusually broad, and no lawyer in 
 the city to-day has a better or more general knowledge of every branch of practice, or is better 
 equipped and able to handle successfully any case that may come into his hands, than he. His fine 
 natural .abilities have heen rounded out by his thorough education and wide practice, and the law 
 of natural selection has operated to give him one of the most lucrative and satisfactory legal busi- 
 nesses in the city. 
 
 One of the best features in the character of Mr. Shorey is his great activity in 
 certain kinds of public work, particularly in library matters. He drafted the first 
 public library law ever presented to the legislature of Illinois, and the impress of 
 his mind is upon the law of that kind now in force in that state. He was a leader 
 in organizing the public library of Chicago, and a director of the board for eight 
 years, and president for four years, resigning when he became a member of the 
 city council in 1880. It has been well said of him by a writer in Washington, 
 District of Columbia: "No citizen of the Northwest has been a more constant 
 and intelligent friend to library interests than he." 
 
 In politics Mr. Shorey was originally a whig, and on the demise of that party 
 joined the republican party, in whose ranks he has since trained. The seat of 
 alderman of the third ward, which he has held the last year, is all the office he 
 would accept, though his name has been mentioned more than once in connection 
 with a judicial position, for which he evidently has eminent fitness. 
 
 Mr. Shorey is a member of the First Unitarian Church, Chicago, and a very 
 prominent layman in that denomination, having been for eight years president of 
 the Western Unitarian Conference. 
 
 He is a blue lodge Mason and high up in the I.O.O.F. In 1870 he was 
 appointed grand representative of the Grand Lodge of Illinois to the Grand
 
 494 ' ] ' HE tiEMCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Lodge of the United States, and performed his duties in that connection with 
 distinguished ability. 
 
 The wife of Mr. Shorey was Maria Antoinette Merriam, of Bedford, Massa- 
 chusetts, married in 1856. They have two children, Paul, a graduate of Harvard 
 University at the head of the class of '78, and with the highest honors in history, 
 the classics and philosophy, now a lawyer traveling in Europe, and Mattie Hall, 
 who is pursuing her studies in Europe. 
 
 GEORGE W. PLUMMER. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born at 
 Tyrone, December 23, 1844, and is the son of William R. Plummer, a farmer 
 and an old settler in the state. He is of English descent. The mother of our 
 subject was Catharine Traester, a German lady. George W. commenced his edu- 
 cation in the common schools. He afterward entered Allegheny College, at Mead- 
 ville, Pennsylvania, and graduated from that institution in 1869. He studied law 
 with Judge Derickson, of Meadville, and S. S. Blair, of Hollidaysburg, and was 
 admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania in 1870, and one year later removed to Chi- 
 cago and was admitted to the Illinois bar, and entered at once into a successful 
 practice of the law, confining his attention entirely to civil business. Mr. Plum- 
 mer is well read in the rudiments of his profession, is a diligent student, accurate 
 and methodical, has a fluent use of language and is regarded as an excellent trial 
 lawyer, and is often employed by other attorneys to try their cases after they have 
 prepared them. He is a gentleman of good address and draws around him many 
 friends. He is a member of the Methodist church, in good standing. In political 
 sentiments he is a republican, and belongs to the F.A.A.M. 
 
 He was married July 14, 1870, to Miss McClintock, an estimable lady of Mead- 
 ville, Pennsylvania. They have two sons Ralph and Earle, aged respectively 
 eight and three years. 
 
 CAPT. WILLIAM VOCKE. 
 
 WILLIAM VOCKE was born April 4, 1839, in Prussian Minden, Westphalia, 
 Germany. He is the son of William Vocke, who was a member of the 
 Prussian civil service, and was educated at Minden. His father having died he 
 immigrated to America in the year 1856, and for about six months lived in New 
 York city, employed as clerk in a business house. In December 1857, he removed 
 to Chicago, where he held various positions until the commencement of the civil 
 war in 1861. Entering the 24th regiment, 111. Vol. Inf., April 16, 1861, he first 
 served under Gen. Fremont, in Missouri; afterward his regiment being trans- 
 ferred to the army of the Cumberland, he served under Gens. Sherman, Buell 
 and Thomas, and was in all of the principal battles in which the Army of the Cum-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 495 
 
 berland, was engaged up to the time of his leaving the army, which was in August 
 1864, when he had attained the rank of captain. 
 
 Captain Vocke then returned to Chicago and became the city editor of the 
 Illinois " Staats Zeitung," a position which he very ably filled for about nine 
 months. In April, 1865, he was elected clerk of the police court, and held that 
 office until November 1869. He was also a member of the board of education. 
 During this period he had pursued a course of study in the Union College of Law, 
 of Chicago, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1867, in which year he was 
 also married. In 1869 he opened an office and began the practice of his profes- 
 sion, in which he has continued doing a successful business up to the present 
 time. He was on the republican ticket, and was elected to the state legislature in 
 1871, serving one term to the utmost satisfaction of his constituents. 
 
 JUDGE HENRY BOOTH. 
 
 THE family of Booths were of English origin. The ancestors of Henry Booth 
 on both sides, that of his father as well as that of his mother, were from 
 Cheshire, England; came over in the same ship about the year 1640, and settled 
 in Stratford, near Bridgeport, Connecticut. His father's name was Ely Booth; 
 his mother's maiden name was Abigail Minor. Both are now deceased; his father 
 died at the age of eighty, and his mother lived to the age of eighty-one. A 
 brother and sister are still living in his native town. His father was a farmer in 
 moderate circumstances for a Litchfield county farmer. 
 
 Henry Booth was born at Roxbury, Litchfield county, Connecticut, August 19, 
 1818. He worked on the farm with his father until he was seventeen years old; 
 attended the district school in winter. During the following year he attended 
 an academy in his native village and prepared for college. He was admitted a 
 freshman at Yale in the fall of 1836, graduated in the regular course in the fall of 
 1840, ranking in scholarship among the first twelve in a class of ninety-nine. 
 
 Immediately after leaving college he took charge of an academy at Wells- 
 borough, Pennsylvania, and taught for a year. Returning home in the fall of 
 1841 to his native state with health somewhat impaired, he soon rallied and pur- 
 sued the study of law at Litchfield, under the instruction of Origen S. Seymour. 
 Next spring went back to the farm to recover his health and strength. In the fall 
 of 1842 he entered the Law School at New Haven, and pursued his studies there 
 until 1844; graduated and was admitted to the New Haven bar, but did not prac- 
 tice in that city. 
 
 In May of that year he finally left his native state and went to Harrisburg, 
 Pennsylvania, studied the statutes and practice of that state, and in September 
 following located at Towanda, Bradford county. Continued in practice there for 
 twelve years. Mr. Booth was three years prosecuting attorney for Bradford 
 county, the only office he held in that state, except such as school director or 
 member of town council.
 
 496 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 In October, 1846, he was married to Ellen, daughter of Samuel W. Morris, of 
 Wellsborough, Tioga county, Pennsylvania; has three sons and three daughters. 
 
 In May, 1856, he accepted a professorship in the State and National Law 
 School, at Poughkeepsie, New York, and removed to that city, where he remained 
 in the discharge of his duties as professor and in practice until the fall of 1859. 
 Mr. Booth then received an invitation from the University of Chicago to come to 
 this city and assist in the organization of a law department for that institution. 
 From that time he had the principal, and for much of the time sole charge of 
 that department, devoting much of the time, three to four hours a day, to the 
 work of instruction, the business being conducted, as far as practicable, before 
 and after the usual office hours, until 1870, when he was elected one of the judges 
 of the circuit court of Cook county. For the first two years he paid no attention 
 to practice, devoting his time and attention wholly to the school. 
 
 In the spring of 1862 he formed a law partnership with Mr. H. B. Hurd. This 
 partnership continued until a short time before his elevation to the bench, during 
 all of which time he was engaged in an active and successful practice at the bar. 
 In 1873 he was reflected to the bench for six years. 
 
 In politics he was decidedly anti-slavery; and while the " irrepressible conflict" 
 was in progress was a firm supporter of the Union and acted with the republican 
 party. He has never been a strong party man, but has always held his fealty to 
 right above that to party. His elevation to the bench was without regard to his 
 politics. 
 
 FREDERICK G. DANNECKER. 
 
 T^REDERICK G. DANNECKER was born April 17, 1828, near the Rhine, in 
 A Germany. He is a nephew of the great sculptor of the same name, who 
 was given the title of nobleman on account of his artistic skill. The subject of 
 this sketch served an apprenticeship in his early days, and while working at his 
 trade devoted his spare moments to the study of law. He was admitted to the 
 bar in Kentucky in April, 1857, and six years latei (in 1863) was elected city attor- 
 ney at New Albany, Kentucky. Later he went to Louisville, Kentucky, and prac- 
 ticed law until 1878, and established a business there second to that of no other 
 attorney in that city. Thence he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, and resumed 
 his profession, but soon afterward (in 1879) left that city and settled in Chicago, 
 where he has since made his home, and devoted himself to the practice of law. 
 His religious sentiments are best expressed in his own words: "My reading of 
 astronomy has convinced me that there is a Supreme Being, but I am not con- 
 vinced beyond a reasonable doubt that man has a spirit that lives hereafter, but 
 I believe it reasonable that such is the case." 
 
 Mr. Dannecker has a full development of sublimity, and is an ardent and 
 enthusiastic admirer of the beautiful and grand in art or nature. He is a fond 
 admirer of painting and sculpture, but finds his chief delight outside of his pro-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 497 
 
 fession in music, believing, as he says, " that it is one of the peculiar arts that 
 teach the human race that there is a hereafter." He is a skillful and accomplished 
 violinist, and has been the owner of over one hundred violins in his lifetime, and 
 is the owner of one that is two hundred and sixty years old. Many of the best 
 violins owned by musicians in Chicago have passed through his hands. He was 
 married May 30, 1850, to Miss Mary Ann Hankey, whose mother belonged to the 
 nobility of Hanover, and has had by her three sons and one daughter. Mr. Dan- 
 necker is not what is usually termed a social person, but when he finds congenial 
 company he is very social, and has a few very intimate friends. 
 
 EDGAR P. HARPER. 
 
 F^DGAR P. HARPER was born in Carthage, Illinois, in 1858, and was the 
 1 ^ son of Henry P. Harper, one of the oldest settlers in Hancock county. After 
 receiving his preliminary education he entered Carthage College, where he taught 
 while pursuing his studies, and graduated in 1877. After completing his college 
 course Mr. Harper went to Keokuk, Iowa, and there began the study of law in the 
 office of McCrary and Hagerman, and remained one year, at the expiration of 
 which he removed to Chicago. During the year 1878 he continued his legal 
 studies in the office of H. R. Stebbings, of Chicago, and in the fall of the follow- 
 ing year, 1879, was admitted to the bar, and at once began to practice. Mr. 
 Harper is a young man of talents, and a careful student, and with the advantages 
 of his thorough training and his love for his profession cannot but succeed. He 
 was married in 1879, and has one child. 
 
 JOHN R. PARKER. 
 
 JOHN R. PARKER was born August 12, 1847, in Grand View, Spencer county, 
 Indiana. His parents were Henry Nelson and Mary Ann (Stillwell) Parker. 
 In September, 1853, the family moved to De Kalb county, Illinois, and settled on 
 a farm. John attended the district school in the winters, and worked on the farm 
 summers, until he was fifteen years of age. He is self-educated. By teaching 
 school evenings and during vacation he obtained means to prosecute his studies. 
 He attended the Sycamore high school for two years (1862 and 1863), and in the 
 following year taught the home district school. He then attended Clark's (now 
 Jennings') Seminary for two years, supporting himself by teaching; thence he 
 went to Hillsdale College, where he studied for four years, supporting himself in 
 the meantime by teaching. He graduated in 1871, and in the fall of the same 
 year became principal of the public schools. In 1872 he held the same position 
 at Fulton. He removed to Chicago, August 10, 1873, and entering the law office 
 of Wheaton, Canfield and Smith, completed a course of legal studies, and in June,
 
 498 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 1875, was admitted to the bar at Mount Vernon, Illinois. Until the following 
 year he was associated in business with Mr. Canfield under the firm name of 
 Canfield and Parker, and in 1876 opened an office by himself, and has succeeded 
 in establishing himself in a good business, which under his careful management 
 is rapidly increasing. 
 
 He is a member of the I.O.O.F. and the Royal Arcanum. 
 
 On September 29, 1875, Mr. Parker was married to Miss Mary Josephine Dan- 
 iels, of Kendallville, Indiana, and has one child, Irving Parker, aged three years. 
 In politics Mr. Parker is a republican. 
 
 BENJAMIN MARION SHAFFNER. 
 
 BENJAMIN M. SHAFFXER was born May 20, 1847, in Konigsberg, Prussia. 
 His father, Abraham Shaffner, came to this country in 1850, and settled first 
 in New Orleans, but in 1857 removed to Springfield, Illinois. The subject of this 
 sketch was graduated at the high school in Springfield in 1863, and at once 
 entered the army, serving in the quartermaster's department in Springfield until 
 1865, when he was appointed to the naval academy at Annapolis, receiving his 
 appointment from congressman, now senator, Shelby M. Cullom. He was gradu- 
 ated at that institution among the first five in the class of 1869, and returning to 
 Illinois, entered the law office of Judge Skinner, at Quincy. He was admitted to 
 the bar in the autumn of 1869, and in January, 1870, removed to Chicago and 
 began practice. He was for a time a partner of James Goggin, and later of D. L. 
 Shorej', but for several years has been alone. His practice is very large, and he 
 has been very successful. He is a bright, able lawyer, very industrious and ener- 
 getic, and one of the most successful young men at the Chicago bar. 
 
 In politics Mr. Shaffner is independent, though he inclines toward the repub- 
 lican party. He was married in 1871, to Miss Jennie Einstein, daughter of Morris 
 Einstein, of Chicago, and has one son. 
 
 GILBERT \VYMAN. 
 
 ILBERT WVMAN is a prominent and successful member of the Chicago 
 legal fraternity. He is a native of Woodstock, Vermont, and was born 
 October 5, 1842. He is descended from the Puritans of New England. His 
 paternal great-grandfather, Thomas N. \Vyman, was a surgeon in the continental 
 armv, and was at the battle of Bunker Hill. His parents, Justin M. and Martha 
 C. Wyman, were natives of New England, who, at an early day removed to Illi- 
 nois and settled on a farm, in what is now Ford county. His father was a large 
 furniture dealer and manufacturer in Boston, whither he removed when our sub- 
 ject was about two years old. There Gilbert received his early education, and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 499 
 
 lived until sixteen years of age. After his parents removed to the West he worked 
 on his father's farm, until he attained his twentieth year, when, having deter- 
 mined to fit himself for a profession, he began the study of law with W. W. Wil- 
 lard, of Salem, Marion county, Illinois; there he continued for four years, until 
 he was admitted to the bar, in the spring of 1867. He practiced in Marion county- 
 one year, after which he removed to Chatsworth, Livingston county, Illinois, and 
 practiced with great success until 1878, when he moved to Chicago and continued 
 his practice, and at the same time became somewhat engaged in the real estate 
 business. 
 
 Mr. Wyman married, at the age of twenty-one. Miss Margarett E. Burdeau, 
 formerly from Troy. New York. He is a good lawyer and a successful business 
 man. 
 
 DAVID J. LYON. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a native of Louisiana, born at New Orleans 
 in 1843. His father, Benjamin Ross Lyon, was born in Schenectady, New 
 York, and his mother, Clara (Lafarque) Lyon, was a native of the Crescent City. 
 David J. was educated in the first instance at the Jesuit College of New Orleans, 
 and subsequently at Woodstock Academy in the state of Vermont. 
 
 In August, 1862, feeling that the Union needed his services to assist in putting 
 down armed treason, and the establishment of the Union cause, he enlisted, 
 joining the I2th Vt. regiment, which formed a part of the 2d Vt. brigade, that 
 took such a gallant part in the engagement at Gettysburg. After his term of 
 enlistment expired, returning to Vermont, and being mustered out of the service. 
 he remained there until August, 1864, when he came to Chicago, where he 
 commenced the study of the law in the office of Hon. A. D. Rich, of that city, 
 taking a course at the Law University of Chicago, under the tutelage of Judge 
 Henry Booth. Graduating in 1867, he entered into a partnership with Hon. E. 
 B. Sherman, and subsequently was associated in the practice of his profession 
 with George K. Clark, a well known lawyer of Chicago. The fire terminating 
 the last mentioned partnership in 1871, Mr. Lyon has since practiced his profes- 
 sion alone. He has for the last two years been solicitor for the Chicago and 
 Indianapolis Air Line Railroad Company, largely owned and controlled by Hon. 
 Henry Crawford, who, as an eminent railroad lawyer, enjoys a national reputation. 
 
 Mr. Lyon in political faith is a republican. He was nominated by his party 
 for alderman in 1873, and was the republican nominee for the legislature of Illi- 
 nois in 1878. Mr. Lyon is a member of the Masonic order, an Odd-Fellow, and 
 from 1875 to 1881 was the supreme representative of the order of the Knights of 
 Pythias for the state of Illinois in the supreme body. He was elected an honor- 
 ary member of the Garibaldian Legion as a token of their appreciation for an 
 eloquent oration delivered by him at Haverly's Theater in 1882, in commemora- 
 tion of the death of the great Italian hero. Garibaldi. 
 53
 
 500 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Our subject, born of a Catholic mother, was baptized in that church, but in 
 religion he holds to no fixed tenets of belief, but believes in exercising a large 
 charity toward others in matters of religion, and adheres to the doctrine of doing 
 right in all the varied relations of life. He was married to Miss Alice Packard, 
 of Rochester, Vermont, in 1867, a lady of gentle and kindly disposition, and noted 
 for high intellectual qualities and her purity of character. But she and an infant 
 child died in September, 1880, and mother and babe lie buried in the cemetery 
 of the little village of Rochester, Vermont. 
 
 In the spring of 1883 Mr. Lyon was appointed justice of the peace for the 
 south division of Chicago, one of the most responsible official positions in the 
 gift of the judiciary, governor and senate of the state. 
 
 Mr. Lyon is very successful as a trial lawyer, especially in jury causes. He is 
 fair, honorable and courteous to his opponents and to the witnesses, and impresses 
 a court and jury strongly in his favor. He is not captious or over technical, but 
 looks to the few strong points in a case, and seeks by all honorable means to 
 attain a successful result. As a speaker he is fluent, ornate and enthusiastic, and 
 rarely fails to carry an audience by the force of his eloquence and impassioned 
 earnestness. 
 
 In private life Mr. Lyon has warm friends whose esteem and confidence he 
 has won by his straightforward, manly conduct, his sincerity, candor and many 
 estimable qualities of character. 
 
 MAJ. CHARLES E. MOORE. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Dublin, Ireland, April 12, 1821, and is 
 the son of a hotel-keeper in that city, by the name of Thomas, and Margaret 
 (O'Connor) Moore, a relative of the patriot O'Connor. Charles E. attended school 
 in Dublin until 1836. He then immigrated to America with an uncle, and went 
 to Albany, New York, where he attended St. Mary's College one year. He then 
 served five years with Adam Todd, an architect and builder, and while at this 
 business attended a night school. In 1848 he removed to Chicago, and in com- 
 pany with his uncle, Charles O'Connor, engaged in contracting and building. In 
 1859 he took a trip to Pike's Peak, but returned in 1860, in time to help raise the 
 23d regiment 111. Vol. Inf., in connection with Col. James A. Mulligan, and served 
 three years and three months as major of the same regiment. He was captured at 
 Lexington, Missouri, and while a prisoner his regiment was mustered out of service. 
 The order was afterward revoked by the President, and the officers were ordered 
 to recruit the regiment, with headquarters at Camp Douglas, Chicago. After it 
 was filled, the regiment was ordered to West Virginia. Maj. Moore was in all 
 the skirmishes in which the regiment was engaged, including those of Philippi, 
 Rumney, Martinsburgh and Frostburgh. He was an efficient officer and a brave 
 soldier, but at the end of three years and three months' active service, by the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 50 1 
 
 \ 
 
 advice of the regimental surgeon, he resigned his commission, and was mustered 
 out of service. In 1865 he returned to Chicago. He then traveled over England, 
 Ireland and Scotland, but returned to Chicago in 1867 and began the study of 
 the law, and during that year was elected to the office of justice of the peace, 
 which he held four years, and was made police justice, the duties of which he dis- 
 charged with marked ability. 
 
 He was then appointed by Mayor Joseph Medill a member of the board of 
 health, which he held until the abolition of that board, since which time he has 
 been in the practice of the law. Maj. Moore is a gentleman who is quick of 
 apprehension, has good practical judgment, and is an excellent counselor. He 
 has a large circle of admiring friends. 
 
 JESSE B. BARTON. 
 
 JESSE B. BARTON was born in Demorestville, Ontario, Canada, and is the 
 son of Samuel E. Barton, and is descended from the Barton family of Massa- 
 chusetts, who were staunch Puritans and of old revolutionary stock. He gradu- 
 ated from Albert College, Belleville, Ontario, in 1873, and at once removed to 
 Chicago and began the study of law in the office of Ewing and Leonard, where 
 he studied until he was admitted, in January 1876. He then entered the office of 
 the corporation counsel of the city of Chicago as a clerk, rose to the position of 
 assistant counsel, and held that office until the Harrison administration in 1879. 
 He then started in practice alone, and has been connected with the south park 
 commission as attorney. He is democratic in his political tendencies, but is not 
 a strong partisan. 
 
 HON. EVERT VAN BUREN. 
 
 ONE of the oldest men still practicing at the bar of Cook county, and one 
 who has made a brilliant record as a lawyer, both in New York and this 
 state, is he whose name we place at the head of this sketch, and who was born at 
 Kinderhook, Columbia county, New York, November 3, 1803. 
 
 Evert received an academic education; read law with J. and A. Vanderpoel, at 
 Kinderhook; was admitted to the bar in 1827, and settled at first in Penn Yan, 
 Yates county, New York. The bar of that county at that time was represented 
 by such distinguished members as John C. Spencer, Mark H. Sibley and Dudley 
 Marvin, who were located at Canandaigua, Ontario county. His practice increased 
 rapidly, and soon extended into the neighboring counties, and he showed himself 
 the peer of the best of the legal fraternity in that part of the state. 
 
 In 1836, Mr. Van Buren went to Buffalo, New York, it being "flush times," 
 when everybody was rich or becoming so rapidly. He had or made influential 
 friends there, and soon had a highly remunerative practice. He distinguished
 
 502 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 himself in the famous trial of Benjamin Rathbun, for forgery, being one of the 
 lawyers employed on the defense. 
 
 At the earnest solicitation of his Yates county friends, Mr. Van Buren returned 
 to Penn Yan in 1840, resuming his practice, and having many important criminal 
 trials, in connection with which he greatly increased his reputation as a criminal 
 lawyer. His triumphs were many and brilliant. But his practice was by no 
 means confined to criminal business. His civil practice, both in the courts of 
 law and chancery, extended over the adjoining counties, and first suggested to 
 him the idea of removing to a larger field, which he did by coming to Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Van Buren, then a very young man, represented his congressional district 
 in the national anti-masonic convention which nominated William Wirt for presi- 
 dent in 1833. He was the youngest man in the convention, and was a member 
 of the committee on resolutions. He supported Martin Van Buren for president 
 in 1836 and 1840, and has usually voted the democratic ticket. 
 
 In 1856 he moved to Chicago, where he immediately built up a large and 
 lucrative practice, and in 1862 was elected judge of the recorder's court, faith- 
 fully and honorably discharging the duties of that office, and at the end of the 
 term he returned to the practice of his profession, in which he is still engaged. 
 He stands in the front rank of his profession, having few superiors in the state. 
 
 JOHN M. BEVERLY. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Virginia. He is of English and 
 Scotch descent, and the son of John Randolph and Elizabeth (Kemper) 
 Beverly. His father carried on the business of tanning, in connection with farm- 
 ing, up to the time of his death in 1873. During his lifetime he occupied many 
 important county offices, including sheriff and county treasurer. John M. 
 received his early education at the district schools, and at the age of thirteen 
 entered Clark County College, where he remained two years. When fifteen years 
 old he determined to earn his own living, and accordingly engaged in teaching 
 with excellent success, one year. Going to the West in 1859, he settled in the 
 mines near Pike's Peak, and while there was elected by the miners to the several 
 offices of recorder, sheriff and justice of the peace for the camp, being at that 
 time only sixteen years of age. He remained at that place, engaged in mining 
 enterprises until 1864. He then removed to Denver, Colorado, where he remained 
 until 1867. He returned to the East, and for some months was engaged in 
 organizing mining companies, among which were the Burroughs, the Beverly, 
 the Baltimore, and the Colorado Gold and Silver Mining Company. In 1868 he 
 settled in Chicago and engaged in brokerage business. In 1870 he organized the 
 United States Pipe Protecting Company, of Chicago, of which he was made sec- 
 retary.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 503 
 
 In the great conflagration of 1871 Mr. Beverly found himself reduced from 
 affluence to poverty in a few hours. In 1872 he opened a real estate and loan 
 office, by which means he supported himself while studying law. He was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1877, and at once commenced active practice, doing principally 
 a chancery business. In 1880 he took a trip to Leadville, and there made several 
 fortunate speculations. He was married October 6, 1868, to Miss Jennie B. Dor- 
 sett. They have one daughter, Birdie Maud. Mr. Beverly has been an active 
 Mason for years. In political sentiments he is a democrat. 
 
 EUGENE C. McCUNE. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Pennsylvania and was born in Cum- 
 berland county, June 15, 1839, tne son f Robert S. and Jane S. (McCormic) 
 McCune. Eugene C. was educated in Jefferson College, Washington county, 
 Pennsylvania, and graduated therefrom in 1857. He studied law with Ingersoll 
 Brothers, at Peoria, Illinois, from 1858 to 1861, and was admitted to the bar. 
 After being licensed to practice, he became associated as partner with his former 
 preceptors, the noted Col. Robert G. Ingersoll and Hon. Eben C. Ingersoll, a law- 
 yer of profound learning, of Ingersoll Brothers and McCune. The firm conducted 
 a flourishing business, and continued until 1873, when Col. Ingersoll removed to 
 Washington, District of Columbia, and Mr. McCune took up his residence in 
 Chicago. Here he at once engaged in his profession and devoted himself assidu- 
 ously to it until 1881, when he became connected with the United States sub- 
 treasury in that city. Mr. McCune is a learned and able lawyer, an honorable, 
 high-minded gentleman and a man of firm integrity. He posseses personal and 
 social qualities of a high order and is held in esteem by all. He was married in 
 1863 to Miss Sally Parker, a daughter of B. F. Parker, of Groveland, Tazewell 
 county, Illinois, and has three children. 
 
 HON. ROBERT T. LINCOLN. 
 
 ROBERT TODD LINCOLN, the only surviving son of the patriot, states- 
 man and martyred President, Abraham Lincoln, shares the affections of the 
 people of this country to a greater extent than any other citizen of this republic. 
 The tragic death of the father at the close of the rebellion made a deep impres- 
 sion on the sensitive hearts of the American people, the memory of which 
 together with the history of the eventful, honorable and useful life of the father, 
 intensifies their interest in the son. The mother of Robert before marriage was 
 Miss Fanny Todd, a native of Kentucky, of a family that numbers among its dif- 
 ferent branches numerous eminent men, as jurists, lawyers and patrons of litera- 
 ture, poetry and art. Fanny Todd in her youth was highly accomplished, refined
 
 504 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 \ 
 
 and intelligent, and possessed rare personal beauty, and while Robert resembles 
 her personally, he has inherited also the sagacity, cool, deliberate judgment and 
 wisdom of his father, while he has but one of his features. He has the same sin- 
 cere, mild expression of the eyes that all who knew his father will recall. 
 
 He was born at Springfield, Illinois, August i, 1843. When but seven years 
 of age he was sent to the academy of Mr. Estabrook, and remained there three 
 years, and then entered the Illinois State University at Springfield. In 1860 he 
 entered Phillips Academy, at Exeter, New Hampshire. After passing a creditable 
 examination he entered Harvard University, and graduated therefrom in 1864. 
 He entered Harvard Law School, but left in 1865 to accept a commission in the 
 United States army as captain, and assistant adjutant-general on Gen. Grant's 
 staff. He shortly afterward resigned his commission, and commenced the study 
 of the law in Chicago, when he was admitted to the bar in 1867. 
 
 He commenced practice as a member of the firm of Scammon and Lincoln, 
 but dissolving this partnership he visited Europe in 1872, and on his return, after 
 a six months' trip, formed a partnership with Edward S. Isham, under the name 
 of Isham and Lincoln, to which firm he still belongs. In 1876 he was elected 
 supervisor of the town of South Chicago, and in 1880 represented Cook county 
 in the Illinois state convention at Springfield, which nominated delegates to the 
 national convention held at Chicago in 1880. He was one of the electors on the 
 republican ticket for the state of Illinois, and early in 1880 was appointed by the 
 governor one of the trustees of the Illinois Central railroad. He was appointed 
 secretary of war under President Garfield, and has performed the duties of that 
 office to the entire satisfaction of the whole country. 
 
 WADE ABBOTT. 
 
 WADE ABBOTT was born in Windsor, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, 
 November 24, 1834, and is the son of Samuel Abbott and Betsy (Hubbard) 
 Abbott. His grandfather, John Abbott, served in the war of the revolution; his 
 father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and he himself was a soldier in the war 
 of the rebellion. Mr. Abbott was educated in the common schools, and also took 
 a classical course in select schools, in Massachusetts. He settled in Illinois when 
 he was twenty years old, and in 1861 enlisted in the 2d 111. Vol. Cav., and served 
 in the army three years and three months. He was under Gen. Grant at Paducah, 
 Columbus, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, and Vicksburg, and with Gen. Banks in 
 the celebrated Red river disaster. Soon after being mustered out of service, he 
 returned to Chicago, and connected himself with the Chicago " Evening Post," 
 and continued with it twelve years without interruption, during which time the 
 ownership of that paper passed through five different hands. In his connection 
 with the " Evening Post," Mr. Abbott formed many valuable acquaintances. 
 
 He studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1868. He devotes especial
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 505 
 
 attention to commercial law and collections, and numbers among his clients many 
 of the best business firms and largest property owners in Chicago. He is a mem- 
 ber of the F.A.A.M., K. of P., and Odd-Fellows, and has been an enthusiastic 
 temperance man and worker in the temperance cause for the last five years. He 
 was married in November, 1857, to Miss Cornelia C. Scott, daughter of Ira Scott, 
 a well known citizen of Chicago, for the last twelve years prominently connected 
 with the American Tract and Bible Society. 
 
 CHARLES H. LAWRENCE. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Vergennes, Vermont, and was born 
 October n, 1845, his father, Henry C. Lawrence, also being a native of the 
 Green Mountain State. His mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Bissell, 
 was a daughter of Harvey Bissell, of Suffield, Connecticut. Charles' early years 
 were passed in New England, receiving instruction at such schools as his native 
 county afforded. He removed to the West in 1863, and having an ambition and 
 taste for educational pursuits, he commenced a classical course of study, entering 
 Knox College, at Galesburg, Illinois, and graduated in 1867, during the time 
 Dr. Curtis occupied the presidental chair of that institution. During his colle- 
 giate course, the great war of the rebellion being in progress, when the call for 
 100 days' troops was issued by President Lincoln, he responded, enlisting as a 
 private in the 137 th regiment 111. Vol. Inf., and was in the service about four 
 months. Those who had enlisted in response to the call for 100 days' recruits 
 being mustered out, he returned to college and resumed his course of study. 
 During his college course he taught two winter terms in the district schools in 
 the adjacent county, verifying the saying that " he who instructs others teaches 
 himself best," as the sequel in this instance illustrated. Upon graduating, Mr. 
 Lawrence was called to the responsible position and taught for a year in the 
 Vermont Episcopal Institute, at the city of Burlington, Vermont, where he for- 
 merly had been a pupil. Upon leaving the above institution, he entered the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York city, in the fall of 1868, pur- 
 suing the studies taught at that renowned medical university for one year, when 
 he again set his face toward the West, and in the fall of 1869 he entered upon the 
 study of the law at the city of Ottawa, Illinois, in the office of Glover, Cook and 
 Campbell. In 1870 he removed to Chicago, and became clerk to George C. 
 Campbell, who was then general solicitor of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific 
 Railroad Company, still assiduously, the meantime, pursuing the studies prepara- 
 tory for entering upon the duties of his chosen profession, and on examination in 
 1871, he was admitted to the bar. In 1872 Mr. Campbell severing his connection 
 with the railroad company, and entering into a general partnership with F. H. 
 Winston, of Chicago, Mr. Lawrence was taken into the partnership, comprising 
 the law firm of Winston, Campbell and Lawrence. In 1873, the term of office of
 
 506 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Hon. Charles B. Lawrence, the uncle of our subject, having expired on the 
 supreme bench of Illinois, this eminent judge and lawyer also became a member 
 of the firm. In 1875, Mr. Winston withdrawing from the copartnership, the firm 
 of Lawrence, Campbell and Lawrence was formed, and has remained unchanged 
 since, and ranks among the first law firms of Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Lawrence was appointed master in chancery of the circuit court of Cook 
 county, but its duties interfering with those of his profession, he resigned in 1874. 
 Devoted to the law, Mr. Lawrence has never sought any political office, but in 
 sentiment and in action is a pronounced republican, and takes a lively interest in 
 the affairs of his party. 
 
 In November, 1873, Mr. Lawrence was married to Miss Nelly E., daughter of 
 Hon. Burton C. Cook, of Chicago, and has by said union two children. Mr. 
 Lawrence, as a lawyer, is studious, painstaking and thorough. In court he is 
 found ready, having prepared his cases outside of the court-room, and backs up 
 his positions by the authorities and a well prepared brief, and it may be justly 
 said of him that few young men of the bar show better judgment in selecting law 
 applicable to cases. He speaks with ease and fluency in his arguments, and is 
 always courteous to the court and opposing counsel, and never sinks the gentle- 
 man in the lawyer. 
 
 In person he is of medium size, well developed in physique, a good citizen 
 and safe counselor. He is genial and affable, and his friendships, if found wor- 
 thy, are warm and enduring. Mr. Lawrence is still young in years, though of 
 comparatively large experience in his profession, and may look hopefully in the 
 future to higher attainments in his honorable calling. 
 
 HENRY J. FURBER. 
 
 THE New England States must be accredited with having produced men pos- 
 sessing a type of manhood distinctively and peculiarly their own. This is 
 largely the result of education and experience and training in early life that tends 
 to develop the physical, and give it such powers of endurance that brain and muscle 
 shall hold and maintain an equilibrium. The Granite State has furnished her 
 full quota of successful men in the various callings in life; and whether in com- 
 mercial circles or the ranks of the several professions, her hardy sons stand in the 
 advance guard of an enlightened civilization. The subject of this sketch in a 
 large degree exemplifies and illustrates the energy and enterprise of that marked 
 New England type. 
 
 Henry J. Furber was born at Rochester, Strafford county, New Hampshire, on 
 July 17, 1840. His father, Benjamin Furber, and his mother, Olive (Hussey) Fur- 
 ber, were both natives of that state. Mr. Furber is of the tenth generation in 
 direct line from William Furber, who settled in New Hampshire, near Ports- 
 mouth, in 1630, and the farm upon which he settled, now in the possession and
 
 HCConp.r Jri Co 
 
 .5 W F. OWlIil.tr,, t BraNT
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 509 
 
 ownership of a cousin of the ninth generation, has never been out of the Furber 
 family since its original occupation. 
 
 Mr. Furber fitted for college at the high school at Great Falls, Strafford 
 county, New Hampshire, and entered Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in the 
 fall of 1857, his class graduating in 1861. He left college early in the spring of 
 1860, during the junior year of his course, and went to Green Bay, Wisconsin, to 
 take charge of the public schools of that city. But the scholarship and attain- 
 ments of Mr. Furber in the alma mater were held in such high esteem that subse- 
 quently the faculty and trustees of the college conferred on him his collegiate 
 degree by unanimous vote, and his name was enrolled with the members of the 
 graduating class. 
 
 Mr. Furber continued as principal of the public schools of Green Bay from 
 1860 until the summer of 1862. Having conceived an ambition and determina- 
 tion to identify himself with the legal profession during his literary and scientific 
 pursuits, he procured the necessary text books and devoted his leisure time to 
 the study of the law. He applied himself with characteristic energy and deter- 
 mination, and while engaged as principal of the public schools he was, on exam- 
 ination, admitted to the bar of Wisconsin in 1862. On the first of August of 
 that year he formed a partnership with Hon. E. H. Ellis, an able lawyer of Green 
 Bay, and continued with him until July, 1865. 
 
 While engaged in the practice of his profession at Green Bay, Mr. Furber 
 became interested in the subject of fire and life insurance, in which he has since 
 taken so conspicuous a part. During this time he was appointed special agent 
 for the state of Wisconsin for the Metropolitan Fire Insurance Company, and in 
 January, 1865, general agent of that company for several western states; also, in 
 April, 1865, he was appointed general manager of that company for the western 
 states, and removed his headquarters to Chicago in July, 1865. In October, 1865, 
 Mr. Furber was elected vice-president of the Universal Life Insurance Company 
 of New York, and went to that city to reside, and remained there until the spring 
 of 1879; engaged in the business of life insurance and as an officer of various 
 companies. 
 
 In May, 1879, he removed to Chicago, and became associated with Judge Van 
 H. Higgins and Judge Cothran in the practice of the law, under the name of 
 Higgins, Furber and Cothran. The firm soon became well known and did a large 
 and successful business. Mr. Furber also has a high standing in the order of 
 Free and Accepted Masons, having been a member of that fraternity for about 
 twenty-two years, and having received all the degrees of the order up to and 
 including the thirty-second. He was married at Green Bay, Wisconsin, Janu- 
 ary 7, 1862, to Miss Elvira Irwin, and by this union has had three sons, all of whom 
 are living. 
 
 In character, Mr. Furber is a bold, clear headed, strong man. He has definite 
 and comprehensive conceptions of every question under consideration, and moves 
 upon it with a mesmeric force that carries everything and everybody before him. 
 
 54
 
 5IO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Nature made him a leader, and in all the walks of life, from boyhood to man- 
 hood, he has stepped into his natural place of leadership as though no question 
 ever arose or could arise as to the propriety of his occupying it. 
 
 His operations in business are of the largest and boldest, his maxim being 
 that less complications arise in operations of millions than of thousands. In his 
 tastes he is simply princely, and has about him collections of art and literature 
 of the rarest and most expensive character in the world. Like all bold men, he 
 is generous, the hand of want never passing him unfilled. He is now in the 
 meridian of life, and the chances are that the commercial world has much to hear 
 from him yet. 
 
 JOSEPH A. CAVANAUGH. 
 
 JOSEPH A. CAVANAUGH was born July 5, 1856, in the city of Dubuque, 
 J Iowa, and is a son of P. J. and Zette C. Cavanaugh. His maternal grand- 
 father was a captain in the English army; participated at the battle of Waterloo, 
 and afterward was stationed at St. Helena during Napoleon's banishment to that 
 island. Joseph A. was educated in the public schools of Dubuque, and at St. 
 Xavier's College, Cincinnati. After leaving college he commenced the study of 
 the law in the office of W. S. Ellis, Chicago, and was admitted to practice in 
 October 1878. He however, continued his studies in the office of Fairchild and 
 Blackman, of Chicago, until 1881, when he entered into partnership with M. I. 
 Beck, under the firm name of Beck and Cavanaugh. 
 
 He was married July i, 1880, to Miss Mary Gilfoyle, of Newport, Kentucky, 
 and has one daughter. 
 
 Mr. Cavanaugh is a democrat, but takes no prominent part in politics. 
 
 EZRA BUTLER McCAGG. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is one of the leading members of the Chicago bar, 
 learned in the law, a clear logical advocate, and a gentleman of scholarly 
 tastes and acquirements. He is a native of New York, and was born at Kinder- 
 hook, November 22, 1825. Isaac McCagg, his father, was a wealthy merchant; 
 his mother, before marriage, was Miss Louisa Caroline Butler. Ezra B. was edu- 
 cated at home under the care of a neighboring clergyman. He studied law 
 several years in the office of Monell, Hogeboom and Monell, of Hudson, New 
 York, and was admitted to practice in 1847. In the summer of that year he 
 removed to Chicago, and formed a partnership with Hon. J. Y. Scammon, under 
 the firm name of Scammon and McCagg. Hon. Samuel W. Fuller was admitted 
 to the partnership in 1849. In 1872 Mr. Scammon withdrew from the firm, and 
 \V. I. Culver was admitted. With the exception of these changes the original 
 partnership was the same until 1873, when the death of Mr. Fuller occurred,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 511 
 
 the firm now being McCagg and Culver. During all these years the firm enjoyed 
 a very extensive and important practice. Mr. McCagg, during the civil war, was 
 an industrious promoter of the United States sanitary commission, and filled the 
 arduous position of president of the Northwestern sanitary commission. He was 
 for a time a trustee of the University of Chicago, is a trustee of the Chicago 
 Academy of Sciences, and president of the board of trustees of the Eastern Hos- 
 pital for the Insane. 
 
 In the memorable fire of 1871, he had, beside his law library, one of the largest 
 miscellaneous libraries in the Northwest, the accumulation of which had been the 
 labor of many years. His collection of writings and letters of the early Jesuits 
 and settlers of the northwestern states and territories was one of the best extant. 
 This library was wholly destroyed, and much valuable data of the opening and 
 settlement of the Great Northwest was lost. 
 
 Mr. McCagg is a republican in political sentiments, but is not a politician 
 according to the modern definition of that term. He has given a great deal of 
 time to eleemosynary matters, and is a worthy, public-spirited citizen. 
 
 ROBERT BECKINGTON. 
 
 ROBERT BECKINGTON was born May 18, 1843, at Somersetshire, Eng- 
 land, and is a son of Thomas and Sarah (Shepherd) Beckington. His father 
 was a ship owner and farmer there, and also connected with the military depart- 
 ment. On the paternal side his grand uncle was for many years a member of parlia- 
 ment. In 1848 the family immigrated to this country, settling in Boone county, Illi- 
 nois, the father and son working together at farming until the breaking out of the 
 civil war in 1861. During these twelve years Robert had improved every spare min- 
 ute by devoting it to study, and had at intervals attended the district school there, 
 and part of one term at the high school in Lyons. At the breaking out of the 
 war Robert enlisted for three years in the 2d regiment Iowa Vol. Inf., serving as 
 sergeant under Gens. Curtis, Hallert and Prentiss. He entered at once into active 
 service there, his regiment being detailed to guard the Hannibal and St. Joe rail- 
 road, and having a great deal of warfare with the guerillas. At one time, with 
 twelve men in his command, he repulsed over a hundred of the enemy under 
 Capt. Malone, killing him and several of his men. Sergt. Beckington also took 
 part in Grant's campaign, being with him from Donelson and Corinth. At Cor- 
 inth he was taken down with pneumonia, and, leaving the army, returned north. 
 Having recovered his health, he at once commenced to engage in active work for 
 the government, recruiting a company, of which he was elected captain, but the 
 war having drawn almost to a close, they never went into active service. In 1865 
 he entered the Ann Arbor Law School, graduating in 1867, and in the same year 
 was admitted to the bars of Iowa and Illinois. After practicing in Iowa until 
 1871, he removed to Chicago in the spring of that year, but having all his posses-
 
 512 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 sions swept away by the great fire, in the fall of 1871 returned to Iowa and 
 accepted the position of local editor of the Clinton "Daily Herald." During the 
 winter of 1871-2 he taught district school and practiced law. In 1873 he returned 
 to Chicago, and has since that time been engaged in his profession, and has built 
 up a large and lucrative business. In politics Mr. Beckington is a republican, 
 although in 1876 he was a " Tilden man," being one of the organizers and elected 
 to the position of colonel of the army veteran regiment of democrats. Since then 
 he has been one of the most ardent members of the republican party. Mr. Beck- 
 ington was married to Miss Jennie A. Scoville, of Aurora, Illinois, by which mar- 
 riage he has been blessed with two children : Ralph C. and Maud E. 
 
 GEORGE C. DANFORTH. 
 
 GEORGE C. DANFORTH is a young and active member of the Chicago 
 bar, of good ability, and possessing firmness and decision of character. He 
 traces his paternal ancestry back to the early Puritans of Massachusetts, while in 
 the maternal line he is descended from the early English settlers of Kentucky. 
 His father is Almond G. Danforth, a prominent banker of Washington, Illinois, 
 where his grandfather also was a banker up to the time of his death. After com- 
 pleting his preliminary studies, George C. graduated from the Washington, Illi- 
 nois, high school, and still later entered the North Granville Military Academy. 
 He afterward pursued a course of study in Columbia College, of New York city, 
 graduating in June 1879. He pursued his law studies in the law school of Louis- 
 ville, Kentucky, and later in the Union College of Law at Chicago, and was 
 admitted to the bar of Illinois in June 1882. He is a young man of literary tastes 
 and studious habits, and by devotion to his profession, with his varied attain- 
 ments, may take an honored position at the bar. 
 
 He is a democrat, but takes no active part in politics. In religious faith he is 
 a Presbyterian. 
 
 LYSANDER HILL. 
 
 E SANDER HILL was born at Union, Lincoln county, Maine, July 4, 1834, the 
 son of Isaac Hill, and traces both his paternal and maternal ancestry back 
 through old Puritan families, who were among the earliest settlers of Massachu- 
 setts. He prepared for college at Warren Academy in Maine, and entered Bo\v- 
 doin College in 1854, and graduated in 1858. Shortly afterward he began the 
 study of law in the office of A. P. Gould, at Thomaston, Maine, with whom he 
 studied until he was admitted to the bar in 1860. He at once began practice in 
 Thomaston, forming a partnership with J. P. Cilley, under the name and style 
 of Cilley and Hill, which connection existed until 1862, when Mr. Hill entered 
 the army as a captain in the 2oth Me. infantry, and served until 1863, when he 
 was discharged on account of physical disability.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAK Of CHICAGO. 513 
 
 After leaving the army he resumed the practice of his profession, settling at 
 Alexandria, Virginia, and also opening an office at Washington, District of 
 Columbia. At Alexandria Mr. Hill formed a connection with George Tucker, 
 under the style of Hill and Tucker. In 1874 he changed his residence to Wash- 
 ington, District of Columbia, where he had connected with him in business E. A. 
 Ellsworth, under the style of Hill and Ellsworth, which partnership was dissolved 
 in 1878, Mr. Hill continuing alone. Their practice had been largely patent liti- 
 gation, which they made a specialty, and in May, 1881, Mr. Hill formed a part- 
 nership with T. S. E. Dixon, of Chicago, under the style of Hill and Dixon, which 
 firm still exists. In Chicago as in -Washington, Mr. Hill has devoted his atten- 
 tion especially to patent law, and has also a large general civil practice. 
 
 He was married in February, 1864, to Adelaide R. Cole, of Roxbury, Massa- 
 chusetts, and has three children. Mr. Hill was register in bankruptcy of the 
 eighth judicial district of Virginia, from 1867 until 1869, when he was appointed 
 judge of the said district to fill an unexpired term, which office he held until the 
 close of the term in 1870. He is a member of the republican party, and was a 
 delegate to the national republican convention which nominated Grant in 1868, 
 and was on the committee on platform of party. He was also chairman of the 
 republican state central committee of Virginia, for two years. Since 1869 he has 
 taken little active interest in politics, but has devoted himself closely to his busi- 
 ness, in which he finds his chief delight. 
 
 HORACE C. BENNETT. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of the Old Granite State, and was born 
 in Cheshire county, October 24, 1841, and is the son of Lyman Bennett and 
 Lucinda (Wellington) Bennett. He commenced his education in the common 
 schools, and afterward began an academic course of study, which was suddenly 
 interrupted by the breaking out of the rebellion. He left Appleton Academy, 
 New Ipswich, New Hampshire, in April, 1861, for the purpose of enlisting in the 
 army, but owing to the illness of his mother, and her earnest persuasions, delayed 
 his purpose until the following September, when he entered the ist New Hamp- 
 shire Battery, which was manned by picked men from the city of Manchester. 
 Mr. Bennett kept himself posted in all of the movements of the army, and being 
 well versed in general knowledge was held in high esteem by his comrades, and 
 was usually chosen arbitrator in disputes between them, and soon obtained the 
 sobriquet of judge. He served three years in the army, and was in the battles 
 of Gettysburgh, the second battle of Bull Run, Rappahannock Station, Antietam, 
 South Mountain, Fredericksburgh and Chancellorsville. He was wounded in the 
 battle of the Wilderness, but refused to be carried to the rear, heroically keeping in 
 charge of his guns until the battle was over. In the winter he usually assisted in 
 clerical work at head quarters, and during the remainder of each year was in the
 
 514 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 field, anxious to do duty wherever his country called him, and was in every battle 
 in which his battery was engaged during his term of service, which included all 
 of the battles of the Potomac army, except Gen. McClellan's Peninsular campaign. 
 
 Soon after leaving the army he entered the law office of Hon. Amasa Norcross, 
 of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, now member of congress, paying his expenses and 
 tuition by teaching public schools in the vicinity. During the time of his law 
 studies Mr. Norcross was assessor of internal revenue, and Mr. Bennett took 
 nearly the entire charge of his law business. He especially qualified himself as a 
 teacher of penmanship, and also studied elocution with the celebrated William 
 Russell and Stacy Baxter of Boston, both of which accomplishments served him 
 excellently well, when, afterward, he engaged as general agent for Ivison, Blake- 
 man, Taylor and Company, text-book publishers of New York; his duties taking 
 him into the principal schools and colleges throughout New England. He pursued 
 the study of the law with great zeal and industry, and being an apt student with 
 tenacious memory, he rapidly became efficient in all of the rudiments of his pro- 
 fession, and at the same time gained the highest regard of his preceptor. 
 
 After three years' application to the study of the law, he passed a highly cred- 
 itable examination, and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1869. He 
 worked for Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor and Company until 1870, when he decided 
 to settle in the West. During the same year he was married to Miss Charlotte E. 
 Freeland, daughter of the late Dr. Freeland, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, a highly 
 educated, refined lady, who has among her many accomplishments a musical edu- 
 cation, being an excellent singer. 
 
 Mr. Bennett removed to Chicago in 1870, without an acquaintance in the city, 
 and invested all he possessed in books, all of which were burned in the great con- 
 flagration of 1871, but undaunted at this disaster, Mr. Bennett applied himself to 
 his work with redoubled energy, and by faithful attention to his business respect- 
 ing whatever was entrusted to his care, soon made good his losses and established 
 a firm and enduring reputation. Promptness is a ruling passion with him, and the 
 result of this habit has been a steadily increasing practice, until at the present 
 time, 1883, he is conducting a large and profitable business. 
 
 Mr. Bennett is above the average in height, with keen black eyes, black hair, 
 and full black beard slightly tinged with gray. He is active in all his movements 
 and betrays at every step the great energy that has characterized all of his under- 
 takings. 
 
 He has secured a large clientage in the eastern cities, including the Carpet 
 Trade Association, and Stationers' Board of Trade of New York, but not without 
 competition from several first-class firms in Chicago. For several of his eastern 
 clients he has managed business matters of great magnitude with wonderful skill, 
 and has gained a high reputation in connection with the same. 
 
 Mr. Bennett is a good trial lawyer, and is constantly gaining in reputation. 
 He has the power of analysis to a large degree, and his judgment is good as 
 applied either to the principles of the law, or to general business. By his enter- 

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 515 
 
 prise, assiduity and integrity he has succeeded to an eminent degree, and has 
 gained the respect of the community where he lives. 
 
 He is a purely self-made man, commencing life as a farmer boy at twelve 
 years of age, at four dollars per month and board. He paid his own way, and 
 acquired the rudiments of an education; taught school at the age of eighteen, and 
 never lost an opportunity to acquire knowledge, which he deems indispensable to 
 success in life. In political sentiments he is a republican. 
 
 ROBERT L. LYONS. 
 
 ROBERT LEWIS LYONS was born in the town of Oxford, Ohio, July 2, 
 1848. His father, Sylvester Lyons, when a boy sixteen years of age, enlisted 
 in the American army and served through the war of 1812. He was a farmer 
 through life, and died in 1880. On the maternal side Robert is descended from 
 the Huguenot French, his ancestors having escaped to this country shortly after 
 the St. Bartholomew massacre. His mother, whose maiden name was Jerusha H. 
 Butler, was a granddaughter of Gen. Larned, of the revolution. Robert attended 
 the district schools during his boyhood, but in 1862, upon President Lincoln's 
 call for one hundred thousand "hundred day" men, enlisted in the army and 
 entered the service. He served his time principally in the mountains of West Vir- 
 ginia, and upon the expiration of his term of enlistment entered the Miami Uni- 
 versity, from which he graduated in 1868. During the year succeeding his 
 graduation he was engaged in teaching at Covington, Kentucky, after which he 
 entered the Ann Arbor Academy, and was admitted to the bar October -20, 1874. 
 In the practice of his profession, Mr. Lyons is able and successful, and by strict 
 attention and devotion to his business has established a good professional repu- 
 tation and a fair practice. 
 
 HENRY G. MILLER. 
 
 HENRY G. MILLER was born in Westmoreland, New York, in 1824. His 
 father, Abner Miller, was descended from an old Puritan family, and was 
 an old resident in Oneida county, New York. The subject of this sketch was 
 graduated at Hamilton College in 1848; studied law in the office of Judge Hunt, 
 of Utica, New York, and was admitted to the bar there in the spring of 1851. 
 In June of the same year he removed to Chicago and began the practice of his 
 profession, in which he has continued ever since. He had associated with him as 
 a partner Alexander Prentiss, and later he was a member of the firm of Hoyne, 
 Miller and Lewis; then of Miller, VanArman and Lewis, and also of that of Mil- 
 ler and Frost, and is one of the leading lawyers of the city. He is now attorney 
 for the Chicago and Atlantic railroad. He is a man of marked natural ability 
 and strength of mind and character, and also of unquestioned integrity. His
 
 516 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 particular strength as a lawyer lies in his ability as an advocate and counselor. 
 An important characteristic in Mr. Miller is his untiring and unceasing industry. 
 He is an excellent scholar and a profound lawyer. In politics, Mr. Miller is a 
 democrat, but now does not take any active part in political affairs. He was an earn- 
 est advocate for the restoration of silver to the currency, and many of his articles 
 upon that subject were published in both the Chicago " Tribune " and the Chi- 
 cago "Times." Mr. Miller married a daughter of the ex-mayor of Chicago, R. B. 
 Mason. 
 
 EDMUND B. McCLANAHAN. 
 
 EDMUND BURKE McCLANAHAN is a native of Jackson, Tennessee, and 
 was born in the year 1837. His father, Samuel McClanahan, was one of the 
 oldest and most prominent lawyers in the state of Tennessee, and his uncle, J. R. 
 McClanahan, was the editor and proprietor of the Memphis "Appeal." Edmund 
 graduated at the Tennessee State University, and at the law department of the 
 Cumberland University at Lebanon. He received his diploma from the law 
 school before attaining his majority, and was one of the first alumni ever invited 
 to make the annual address to the law class, which he did in 1868. He was 
 admitted to the bar of Tennessee in 1859, and began practice at once in Jackson, 
 and continued there until April, 1861, when he entered the confederate army. 
 He remained in the service until the close of the war. After being wounded 
 severely several times, Mr. McClanahan served in the judge-advocate-general's 
 department with Gens. Bragg, Joe Johnson and Hood, and after the close of the 
 war removed to Nashville, and resumed the practice of his profession, remaining 
 there until December, 1873, when he removed to Chicago, where he has been 
 practicing law ever since. In politics Mr. McClanahan is a democrat, but does 
 not aspire to office, taking only such interest in political affairs as befits every 
 good citizen. 
 
 WILLIAM G. RAINEY. 
 
 ^PECIALTIES in the practice of the law seem to be gaining favor in Chicago. 
 >J Considering the extent of the field opened to the legal practitioners in Chi- 
 cago, together with the multiplicity of the courts, the lawyer who masters all 
 of the different branches of practice in detail, would be almost superhuman. Of 
 the able lawyers who make patent law a specialty is William G. Rainey, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch. He is a native of Tennessee, and was born in Columbia, June 
 29, 1842, and is the son of W. S. Rainey, an eminent lawyer of middle Tennessee, 
 of forty-five years' practice. The mother of our subject is Mary (Minter) Rainey. 
 His maternal grandfather was from the Blue Grass region of Kentucky, and a 
 remarkably intellectual man, of great force of character, and well known in that 
 section. His paternal grandfather was a farmer from Virginia, a very prominent
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. ' 5'7 
 
 man. and one of the earliest settlers of middle Tennessee. Mr. Rainey was edu- 
 cated at Jackson College, and at Stewart College, Tennessee. He studied law 
 with Hon. Henry G. Smith, who was afterward on the supreme bench of Tennes- 
 see, and after a thorough preparation, was admitted to the bar in 1865. He at 
 once entered upon a very successful practice of his profession at Memphis, where 
 he continued until the breaking out of the yellow fever in 1874, which interfered 
 with his practice to such an extent that he concluded to remove to St. Louis. Mis- 
 souri, and then made patent law a specialty. As his business increased, he discov- 
 ered that he needed a broader field, and removed to Chicago in the fall of 1882, 
 where he was favored with remarkable success, bringing in the first two months, 
 forty-seven suits for infringements of patents in the Illinois and adjoining circuits. 
 During the year 1882 Mr. Rainey won nineteen suits in patent causes, and lost 
 none. He is a well read lawyer, thoroughly posted in the statute laws pertaining 
 to patents, and the decisions of the federal courts bearing upon that branch of 
 business. He is an eloquent advocate and presents his cases clearly and suc- 
 cinctly before both court and jury. He has a fine presence; is of medium size 
 and height, and well proportioned; has a high, broad forehead, and keen dark 
 gray eyes; is of a social turn, and is a gentleman of culture and refinement. 
 
 He has been a member of the Presbyterian church since he was eighteen years 
 of age. 
 
 WILLIAM W. FARWELL. 
 
 ONE of the most prominent, highly honored and respected members of the 
 Chicago bar is Hon. William Washington Farwell, ex-chief-justice of the 
 circuit court of Cook county. In addition to his legal attainments, he is a gen- 
 tleman of strict integrity, with a keen sense of justice, which has characterized 
 all of his doings, either as a practicing lawyer or a judge upon the bench. In the 
 latter capacity, his reputation for dealing out impartial justice is widespread. 
 He is a gentleman of refinement, and manifests courtesy and kindness toward 
 all. He was born January 5, 1817, in Morrisville, Madison county, New York, 
 son of John and Almira (Williams) Farwell, both of whom were natives of Mans- 
 field, Connecticut, and is a lineal descendant of Henry and Olive Farwell, who 
 came from England and settled in Concord, Massachusetts, about 1635. He 
 entered Hamilton College, at Clinton, New York, in 1833, and graduated in 1837. 
 In 1838 he commenced the study of law in the office of Otis P. Granger, of Mor- 
 risville, who for many years was surrogate of Madison county; but in the autumn 
 of 1840 he entered the office of Potter and Spaulding, of Buffalo. This firm was 
 doing an extensive business, and Mr. Farwell remained with them until admitted 
 to practice, in 1841, at the fall term of the supreme court, held in Rochester, New 
 York. Soon after his admission to the bar he returned to his native place (Mor- 
 risville), and opened an office, and continued the practice of his profession for 
 about seven years. 
 55
 
 518 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 In May, 1848, he decided to go west, and after visiting several western towns, 
 settled at Chicago and engaged in the practice of his profession, and remained 
 there until the following spring, when he went to California by the overland 
 route. Arriving at St. Joseph, Missouri, he started from that place on the over- 
 land trip westward, May 8, 1849. His party was composed of four persons, hav- 
 ing an emigrant wagon and four yoke of oxen. They proceeded by the usual 
 route across the plains, crossing the river at Savannah, and striking the Platte 
 river opposite Grand Island, and then going up the Platte valley past Fort Lara- 
 mie, through the Black Hills, and along the northern border of Salt Lake basin, 
 by way of the Sublette cut-off, and by the Humboldt river and Truckee river 
 route, into California, having been just five months on the journey from the Mis- 
 souri to Sacramento. On reaching the headwaters of Bear river, they found 
 gold-washers at work, and halting, allowed their cattle to rest and recruit, and 
 tried their luck for a few days at gold-washing. 
 
 Mr. Farwell soon after went on to San Francisco, where he remained until 
 the summer of 1850, when he returned to New York by way of Panama, and in 
 the autumn following to Morrisville, New York, and resumed the practice of 
 the law. 
 
 February 12, 1851, he was united in matrimony to Miss Mary E. Granger, 
 daughter of Otis P. Granger, with whom he first studied law. 
 
 Morrisville is a pleasant little village, but is not the scene of much important 
 litigation. Attorneys residing in Madison county have to attend the terms of the 
 supreme court held in the neighboring counties, so that the labor is unusually 
 great as compared with their business. He therefore determined to return to 
 Chicago, and the autumn of 1854 found him again settled in that place, resuming 
 the legal business he had abandoned five years before. The following spring he 
 became a member of the law firm of Goodrich, Farwell and Scoville. After one 
 year Mr. Scoville withdrew, and Sidney Smith took his place. Subsequently 
 Mr. Goodrich was elected judge of the superior court, and retired from the firm 
 during the period he was on the bench, but afterward resumed his old place. 
 
 Mr. Farwell confined himself in a great measure to the chancery business of 
 the firm. In 1870 he was elected one of the judges of the circuit court, provided 
 for by the new constitution, and in July, 1873, was reelected to the same office 
 for a period of six years more. During the nine years he held that office his 
 official duties were mainly in the chancery department of the court. In the sum- 
 mer of 1880 he was chosen professor of equity jurisprudence, pleadings and prac- 
 tice, in the Union College of Law, of Chicago, which position he still holds. 
 
 He has been a member of the Congregational church from boyhood, but is 
 liberal and independent in his religious convictions, and he does not hesitate to 
 examine and decide for himself questions of faith and practice. His father was 
 a staunch, old-fashioned whig, and one of his earliest remembrances is of his 
 father's interest in the New \ r ork " Express," to which he was a subscriber, and 
 from which he was in the habit of reading aloud the speeches of Daniel Webster 
 and Henry Clay.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 519 
 
 The anti-slavery excitement arose while Mr. Farwell was a college boy. 
 His sympathies were at once enlisted on the side of the abolitionists, and he 
 attended the state anti-slavery meeting at Utica in the summer of 1835, which 
 was broken up by a mob, and which was then invited by Gerrit Smith to adjourn 
 to Peterboro, Madison county. From that time forward he was a thorough- 
 going abolitionist, voting the anti-slavery ticket, and doing his utmost to aid the 
 cause. When abolitionism was no longer needed, and the party had withdrawn 
 from the field as a distinct political faction, he joined the republican party, and 
 has since generally acted with it. 
 
 JAMES H. RAYMOND. 
 
 JAMES HENRY RAYMOND was born June 6, 1850, at Wilbraham, Hampden 
 county, Massachusetts, the site of the Wesleyan Academy, which is the oldest 
 school under the auspices of the Methodist church in this country, of which his 
 father, Rev. Miner Raymond, D.D., now professor of systematic divinity at the Gar- 
 rett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Illinois, was principal for sixteen years. James 
 went with his father to Evanston in 1864; graduated there from the Northwestern 
 University in June, 1871, and in the following month was elected secretary of the 
 board of railroad and warehouse commissioners of the state of Illinois, this being 
 the first of what is called the granger boards of the West. He remained secre- 
 tary of that commission until December, 1873, being reflected by the second 
 board of commissioners organized in that year. In April, 1874, he was elected 
 secretary and treasurer of the Western Railroad Association, which position he 
 now holds. He graduated at the Union College of Law, Chicago, and was imme- 
 diately admitted to the bar of this state and to the United States courts at Chi- 
 cago, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States in 
 October, 1878. His practice is confined to corporation and patent law, his time 
 being almost exclusively employed in such matters for the railroad companies 
 composing the association. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM C. GOUDY. 
 
 WILLIAM C. GOUDY is one of the best known attorneys at the Chicago 
 bar, ranking high as a lawyer. He is a good advocate, and a safe coun- 
 selor. He is a native of Indiana, and was born in 1824, and removed to Illi- 
 nois when eight years of age. He graduated from Illinois College, at Jackson- 
 ville, in 1845 ; read law in the office of Hon. Stephen T. Logan, at Springfield, 
 and commenced practice in Fulton county, Illinois, in 1848, and made for himself 
 an excellent reputation. From 1852 to 1855 he was state's attorney for the tenth 
 judicial district, and from 1857 to 1861 inclusive, a member of the state senate
 
 CJ2O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 from the counties of Fulton and McDonough. He received many votes for 
 United States senator in 1863 in the democratic caucus, and was a candidate for 
 the constitutional convention of 1862, and also a delegate to the national conven- 
 tion of 1868. In the early years of his life he was considered one of the most 
 prominent and promising leaders of the Illinois democracy, and was an adroit 
 manager in political affairs, and was in all respects a wise and thoughtful coun- 
 selor when the public interests were involved. 
 
 As a legislator, he probably has not been surpassed in comprehending the 
 ends to be desired, and the best method for their successful attainment. He was 
 distinguished as a state senator for his watchful care of the interests of his con- 
 stituents, and of the state at large, as well as for the prudence and skill with 
 which he framed all measures confided to his charge, and conducted them to 
 final issue. It is as a lawyer, however, that he is chiefly known, and upon which 
 his claim to future fame is most securely based. 
 
 In 1859 he moved to Chicago, where he has done a large business ever since. 
 He is a thorough gentleman, courteous and obliging, and as a member of the bar 
 maintains its true dignity, yet modestly wears the laurels he has won. He is of 
 medium height and size, has grey eyes and shaves his face clean. Possessing an 
 ample fortune, he commands and and enjoys a luxurious home, surrounded by 
 an interesting family. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 THOMAS SHIRLEY. 
 
 THOMAS SHIRLEY was born in Charlotte county, Virginia, October 22, 
 1827. His ancestors were of English and German descent. The family 
 names of his grandparents were Shirley and Fleishman. They were early settlers 
 in Madison county, and large land holders. His father's name was Allan Shir- 
 ley ; was born in Madison county, Virginia, in the year 1800; became a clergy- 
 man, and in 1820 removed to Charlotte, and married Miss Sarah Anderson, 
 daughter of Thomas Anderson, formerly of Cumberland county, but then of 
 Charlotte, Virginia. He was a planter of considerable wealth, and took part in 
 the war of 1812 ; was a cavalry officer in the volunteers. 
 
 His father, Allan Shirley, continued to reside in Charlotte, in the pursuance 
 of his ministerial labors in the Reformed Methodist church until he died in 1855. 
 The Shirley family were of the old school. They were wealthy, owned a great 
 number of slaves and immense tracts of land in Madison county. His mother 
 was a grandniece of Hon. Creed Taylor, of Virginia, who was for many years 
 chancellor, and widely known for his great ability and learning. He was a state 
 senator, and voted for the "Virginia resolutions" of 1798-99. He resided near 
 Farmville, in Cumberland county, where he died in 1835. The grandmother of 
 Thomas Shirley was a Miss Taylor, a niece of Chancellor Taylor. She was a 
 woman of great beauty, intelligence and energy. She married Walthal Hal-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 523 
 
 combe, of Charlotte county, a gentleman of great wealth, influence and position. 
 
 Upon the death of the mother of young Shirley, who was then only a child, 
 his grandmother took him in charge, and he resided with her up to the time of 
 her death, which occurred in 1845. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was an only son ; was educated at the select school 
 of Prof. Page, of Cumberland county, where he prepared for college. From that 
 school he went to Prince Edward Court House, entered the school of Prof. Bal- 
 entine, and thence to Washington College, Lexington, Virginia, in 1840. Grad- 
 uated in 1843 ; returned home, continued his studies until 1846, and then went 
 again to Washington College, and received his degree of M.A. He afterward 
 commenced the study of law at the University of Virginia, and in 1848 graduated 
 in law and modern languages. While a student there, he paid special attention 
 to the practice of law in the moot court, under the instructions of John B. Minor. 
 In 1848 he left the university, returned home, and remained there until the fall of 
 1849, when he came to Chicago. 
 
 At the special suggestion of Prof. McGuffee, he opened an office and com- 
 menced the practice of law on Clark street, and one year later removed to Ran- 
 dolph street, to what was called Warner's Hall, where he practiced seven years, 
 having a steady and successful business. 
 
 In 1852 he prosecuted a fugitive slave case, which excited a great deal of 
 attention. The public sentiment was much opposed to the return of fugitive 
 slaves, but Mr. Shirley heeded not public sentiment when he had a professional 
 duty to perform. Since that time he has been engaged in general practice in the 
 state and federal courts of Illinois, devoting himself exclusively to his profession. 
 
 His early studies made him familiar with the principles of law, which has 
 given him great advantage in his practice. His power of memory is very great ; 
 in the most protracted cases, without notes, he always quotes the evidence cor- 
 rectly. His perseverance is unceasing, and having taken a case in hand, he fol- 
 lows it from the lowest to the highest courts, if necessary, to obtain justice. His 
 style of oratory is vehement and pathetic, often drawing tears from the jury ; 
 while at times his humor is irresistible, convulsing the whole court. His defense 
 of Nicholas Staaden, charged with arson, places Mr. Shirley in the front rank of 
 criminal lawyers of the Northwest. Mr. Shirley ever throws his whole energy 
 into the interests of his client. He has a great power of oratory. In 1873 he 
 delivered the oration on the 4th of July at Naperville, which met with great favor, 
 and manifested a high order of eloquence. 
 
 In September, 1859, Mr. Shirley was married to Miss Carrie Rasbon, of Chi- 
 cago, daughter of John Rasbon, who was engaged in the lumber business, and is 
 now deceased. He died in 1869. By this marriage he has seven children, all 
 residing at his home in Lake View. 
 
 Mr. Shirley's religious sentiments are those of the Presbyterian church, in 
 which he was educated and baptized. In early youth military tactics formed 
 part of his studies, and in 1860 he was lieutenant-colonel, commanding the Wash-
 
 524 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ington independent regiment, of Chicago, and as such, tendered his regiment to 
 Gov. Yates, at the beginning of the war. They were accepted, but owing to some 
 political manceuvering (Shirley being a democrat) his regiment was left out. He 
 therefore returned from Springfield and resumed his practice, which he has con- 
 tinued to the present time. He has been three times elected one of the board 
 of education of district No. i, of the town of Lake View, is president of the 
 school board council, and is now attorney for the town of Lake View. 
 
 HON. JAMES K. EDSALL. 
 
 TAMES KIRTLAND EDSALL was born at Windham, Green county, New 
 J York, May 10, 1831, and is the son of Joseph Edsall and Nancy (Kirtland) 
 Edsall. James received his early education in the common schools, and later 
 pursued a course of study comprising modern sciences, mathematics, languages 
 and classics, in the Prattsville Academy, at Prattsville, New York, paying his 
 expenses by farm and other work. He left the academy in 1851, and began the 
 study of law in the office of Herman Winans, of Prattsville, and taught during 
 the winter. 
 
 In the spring of 1852 he took a clerkship in the office of Hon. Alexander H. 
 Bailey, of Catskill, New York, where he could pay his expenses, and at the same 
 time pursue his studies, and in the following September passed examination for 
 admission to the bar at Albany, New York, before Justices Amasa J. Parker, Ira 
 L. Harris and William B. Wright, of the supreme court. 
 
 In December, 1853, he removed to Milwaukee, and in the following summer 
 to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin; thence to St. Paul, Minnesota, and in the fall of 1854 
 settled at Leavenworth, Kansas. There he became a candidate, on the free-state 
 ticket, to the first territorial legislature, and though he received a majority of the 
 resident votes, armed bodies of men came over from Missouri, and by fraudulent 
 voting, elected the slave-state candidate. 
 
 In 1855 he was elected to the legislature, which was organized under what was 
 known as the Topeka constitution. He participated in the deliberations of that 
 body, and was a member of the special committee to draft a code of laws for Kan- 
 sas. He was present as a member of the Topeka legislature, July 4, 1856, when 
 it was broken up by United States troops under orders from President Pierce. 
 
 In August, 1856, he removed to Dixon, Illinois, and resumed the practice of 
 his profession. His name frequently appeared as counsel in the reports of the 
 supreme court of the state, but rarely upon the losing side. He continued to 
 prosper and grow in public favor till, in 1863, he was elected mayor of his city, 
 and in 1870 was chosen for the senate of the twenty-seventh general assembly of 
 Illinois, and in this capacity served two years. As chairman of the committee on 
 municipalities, he framed the first general law of the state for the incorporation 
 of cities and villages, which constitutes chapter twenty-four of the '' Revised
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 525 
 
 Statutes of Illinois." At the opening of the senate, he declined a position on the 
 judiciary committee, but at the commencement of the adjourned session in 1872, 
 by a resolution introduced by Judge Underwood, he was added to that commit- 
 tee. In 1872 he was made the republican candidate for attorney general, and was 
 elected, and also reelected to the same office in 1876. Before the expiration of 
 his second term as attorney general, he declined to be a candidate for further 
 political favors, preferring to devote himself to the practice of his profession. In 
 1879 he removed to Chicago for that purpose, where he now resides. 
 
 In all his varied career as student, lawyer, legislator, senator and attorney 
 general, Mr. Edsall has shown himself in every way worthy of the important 
 trusts imposed upon him. Prompt in all his actions, decided in his opinions, and 
 independent in thought, he has never deviated from the course which duty has 
 marked out, and has always acted without regard to popular favor. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM K. McALLISTER. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a profound lawyer, and able jurist; a native of 
 Salem, Washington county, New York. He was born in 1818. He labored , 
 on his father's farm until eighteen years of age, and then entered college. He 
 commenced the study of the law at the age of twenty-one years, with a Mr. Henry, 
 in Wayne county, and afterward completed his legal course in Yates county, 
 thence he removed to Albion, where he remained in the successful practice of the 
 law ten years, and gained a high reputation as a lawyer, and was acknowledged 
 the peer of some of the ablest lawyers in the state of New York. In 1854 he 
 removed to Chicago, where he has since resided, practicing law, until his eleva- 
 tion to the bench. He was a candidate for judge of the superior court against 
 Judge Jameson in 1866, and was defeated. In 1868 he was elected judge of the 
 recorder's court by a large vote. In 1870 he was elected to the supreme court; 
 resigned in 1873. Later he was elected to the circuit bench of Cook county, 
 and still later, one of the judges of the appellate court for the northern district, 
 a position which he still holds to the utmost satisfaction of all. His examina- 
 tion of a subject is very exhaustive and thorough, the authorities are weighed and 
 compared, and principles are traced to their source. His power of analysis is very 
 threat, bsing one of the few men who are able to select leading cases almost intui- 
 tively. Although he gives due credit to adjudicated cases, he has a broad philos- 
 ophy and power of comprehension, and a refinement in his perceptions that enables 
 him to go deeper than any other has ventured, into the mysteries of legal science, 
 and bring to light new truths and establish principles not before illuminated, hav- 
 ing the faculty of exploring new ground in the field of jurisprudence, without 
 departing from well authenticated rules and maxims. 
 
 His motives are never questioned, and all confide in his judgment. Chief- 
 Justice John Marshall in his best days was never more revered and admired by
 
 526 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 all who knew him than Judge McAllister is to-day by his associates on the bench, 
 the members of the bar who appear before him, and the public whose servant he 
 is, and whose interest he never forgets. He modestly wears the laurels he has 
 won, is never austere or unapproachable; while he observes and maintains proper 
 dignity, he at once puts at ease the humblest individual who comes before him. 
 In general appearance Judge McAllister is very prepossessing. He is of 
 medium height, and well proportioned, has a high, broad forehead, large blue 
 eyes, a small and sensitive mouth, lighted by expression of kindness and benevo- 
 lence. As a lawyer he was noted for his industry, great knowledge of the law, 
 and accuracy, a logician of the highest order, extremely conscientious, with the 
 utmost candor, his power before a court or jury, was almost unlimited, always 
 conforming to a high standard of professional ethics. His sincerity, kindness and 
 honesty have become proverbial, and so high is his moral character that no man 
 dare attack it. He unbends himself from official strain with great facility and 
 elasticity. He is a lover of music, poetry, and fine arts, and is well versed in gen- 
 eral literature. Aside from his seen qualifications professionally, he is a profound 
 scholar. No man is loved more, or more highly respected than Judge McAllister 
 in the community where he moves. 
 
 HON. ROLLIN S. WILLIAMSON. 
 
 ROLLIN SAMUEL WILLIAMSON, one of the judges of the superior court 
 of Cook county, is a son of Samuel and Sybil (Delong) Williamson, and was 
 born at Cornwall, Addison county, Vermont, May 23, 1839. Both parents were 
 natives of that state, and his grandfather, Abraham Williamson, was from Con- 
 necticut. The family belong to the agricultural class, both father and grand- 
 father developing their virtues while turning the rocky New England soil. Rol- 
 lin worked on the farm and attended a district school, and later a high school, 
 until fourteen years of age, then learned the business of a telegrapher, and in 
 1856 came west, and the next year settled at Palatine, Cook county, where he yet 
 resides. While still a mere boy, he took his books with him to the telegraph 
 office, and gave all the leisure time at his command to scientific studies, thus 
 acquiring a fair knowledge of the rudimentary and some of the higher English 
 branches. Before leaving the telegraph office he also commenced the study of 
 law, continued his studies in private, was examined before Judge Porter, admitted 
 to the bar in 1870, and continued in practice until he was elected to the bench of 
 Cook county, in November 1880. 
 
 While practicing at the bar, Judge Williamson showed himself to be well read 
 in his profession, painstaking; and at all times prepared and ready to try his cases, 
 both in presenting to the court the law, and to the jury the facts of his case. He 
 was faithful, assiduous and earnest, and was generally successful. These quali- 
 ties made him a good advocate, and gave evidence of such proficiency in law, as
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 527 
 
 to recommend him to the people as one, who, because of his ability, honesty and 
 industry, would make a good judge. 
 
 Judge Williamson was a member of the Illinois house of representatives in 
 1870, and of the state senate in 1872 and 1873. While a member of the latter 
 body he was chairman of the warehouse committee, a committee of great impor- 
 tance to the citizens of Chicago. Its duties he discharged with unqualified satis- 
 faction to the public, and received the commendations of the press without regard 
 to political bias. 
 
 Judge Williamson is a Royal Arch Mason, and has held repeatedly the office of 
 Master of Palatine Lodge, No. 314, and in many ways has made, and is making 
 himself a very useful citizen. He is a trustee and steward of the Methodist 
 church, and superintendent of its Sunday school. 
 
 Judge Williamson was married at Cornwall, Vermont, September 4, 1859, to 
 Emma V. Squire, daughter of Russell Squire, of Hopkinton, St. Lawrence county, 
 New York, and they have one daughter. 
 
 GEN. J. BLACKBURN JONES. 
 
 JOSEPH BLACKBURN JONES was born September 7, 1842, and came to 
 northern Illinois in 1846. There was his home until the commencement of 
 the war of the rebellion, although a considerable portion of the time was spent 
 in travel. He attended school at the Rock River Seminary, at Mount Morris, in 
 Ogle county, when that was one of the foremost institutions of learning in the 
 Northwest. Afterward he attended the Northwestern University at Evanston, and 
 in the spring of 1861 was a member of the senior class of the Chicago Law School, 
 which he left in April of that year, to enter the army as captain of Co. I, 15th 
 111. Inf. During his service in the army he was several times wounded, and 
 well earned his title. Next to Ransom, he was the youngest general in the 
 army. His last assignment was to the department of west Louisiana, in August, 
 1865, but he suffered so severely from wounds received at the capture of Fort 
 Blakely, one of the defenses of Mobile, that he resigned his commission October 
 19, 1865, returned to the North, and in the spring of 1866 commenced the prac- 
 tice of law at Sparta, Randolph county, Illinois, but later moved to Saint Louis, 
 where he practiced his profession, in partnership with ex-Gov. Thomas C. Fletcher. 
 From 1866 to 1876 he was employed in nearly every important criminal case tried 
 in southern Illinois, and a number in Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee, and for 
 eight years was attorney for the St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 In 1877 he moved to Chicago, and for four years was in partnership with 
 Henry T. Steele, and in the general practice the firm of Steele and Jones became 
 well known. 
 
 56
 
 528 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He is now the western representative of a prominent New York bank, general 
 solicitor of one southern railway company, and land commissioner of another, 
 and his attention is given largely to the management of the affairs of private 
 corporations, although he still practices generally, and as a jury lawyer stands 
 well, and has a fine clientage. 
 
 HON. GEORGE E. ADAMS. 
 
 EORGE EVERETT ADAMS, member of congress from the fourth district, 
 is a native of the Granite State, being born in Keene, Cheshire county, June 
 18, 1840. His father, Benjamin F. Adams, a farmer, and later in life a manu- 
 facturer, was born in New Ipswich, same state, and married Louisa R. Redington. 
 Mr. Adams was educated at Exeter Academy, Harvard University and the Dane 
 Law School, Cambridge, and commenced practice in Chicago in 1867. His thor- 
 ough legal attainments, fine talents and close attention to business soon brought 
 him a remunerative practice, and gave him a highly creditable standing at the 
 Chicago bar. 
 
 Mr. Adams was elected to the state senate in 1880 from the eighth district, 
 and served until March, 1883, when he resigned on account of having been 
 elected by the republicans of the fourth district to represent that constituency in 
 the forty-eighth congress. Mr. Adams was married, in 1871. to Miss Adele Fos- 
 ter, daughter of John H. Foster, of Chicago, and they have three children. 
 
 WILLIAM H. HARPER. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a man of excellent business capacity, endowed 
 with uncommon shrewdness, and possesses a versatility of talents seldom 
 equaled. He manifests an aptness for whatever he undertakes, and being of 
 pleasing address, affable and courteous, he is, in the truest sense, a polished gen- 
 tleman. He is a native of Illinois, and was born at Carthage, May 20, 1844, and 
 is the son of Joseph Harper and Matilda G. (De Mount) Harper. His mother is a 
 native of Paris, France, and has a brother in the celebrated firm of De Mount and 
 Auzrais, known as the Auzrais House. His paternal ancestors came from Glas- 
 gow, Scotland, and are all preachers except his father. His great uncle, Rev. 
 Jas. Harper, now eighty-six years of age, at one time built his own church with 
 his own means, and preached from its pulpit for several successive years. Mr. 
 Harper was educated at Michigan University, and graduated from that institu- 
 tion with honors in 1872. While there he was under the instruction of Profs. 
 Campbell, Walker and Kent, and was admitted to the bar at Lansing, Michigan, 
 in 1873. He attended medical lectures for one year. On January 9, 1875, he was 
 admitted to the bar in Illinois, and since that time has been admitted to practice
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 529 
 
 in the United States district and circuit courts. In his law practice Mr. Harper 
 has devoted special attention to mining law, but being also largely engaged in 
 mercantile law and collections he is frequently called to do business in many of the 
 western states and territories, and as a matter of convenience, and to facilitate his 
 business, he has been admitted to practice in Nebraska, Utah, Nevada, California, 
 New Mexico and Arizona. 
 
 Mr. Harper is a republican in political belief, and in the fall of 1882 was 
 elected to the Illinois state legislature. 
 
 CHARLES W. PIPER. 
 
 C" HARLES W. PIPER is a native of Chicago, and was born June 12, 1857, 
 the son of Otis and Margaret (MacGrory) Piper. Of his family, several 
 uncles are noted for remarkable business capacity and extraordinary success in 
 their various vocations. The celebrated Dr. Guthrie, who invented the use of 
 chloroform as an anaesthetic, is paternal grand uncle to our subject. His father 
 is one of the oldest and most highly respected citizens of Chicago. Charles W. 
 graduated from the high school, and afterward entered the Northwestern Uni- 
 versity, at Evanston, Illinois. He was three years and a half in the United 
 States life saving service, and was promoted to first position for heroic efforts and 
 meritorious conduct during his last two years in college. He kept up his work at 
 the life saving station, published the college paper, and maintained a high stand- 
 ard of scholarship, and in 1882 graduated with honors. 
 
 He has pursued a thorough legal course, and is at present supervisor of the 
 South Town. This is his first political office, and as indicating the estimation in 
 which he is held in his community, it may be said that he was the only republican 
 elected on the ticket. 
 
 EDWARD H. MORRIS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born a slave, at Flemingsburgh, Kentucky, 
 May 30, 1858. He is a son of Hezekiah and Elizabeth Morris. His father 
 died in 1861. His mother, having been at the time of her marriage a free colored 
 woman, was, by operation of law, upon the death of her husband, together with 
 her children, declared free, it being a well settled principle under the slave code, 
 that the children took upon themselves the condition of the mother. In 1864 
 Edward H., in company with his mother, brother and three sisters, moved to New 
 Richmond, Ohio. He worked on a farm during his boyhood, and obtained 
 means with which he kept himself at school. He attended the common schools 
 in Ohio about three years. He then attended St. Ann's Catholic School in Cin- 
 cinnati until 1871, when he removed with his mother's family to Chicago, and 
 was there burned out in the great conflagration of that year. He afterward
 
 530 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 entered St. Patrick's College, and remained there until he graduated in 1877. 
 Having decided to enter the legal profession, he soon after graduating com- 
 menced reading law in the office of Edward A. Fisher, and continued there until 
 he was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1879. 
 
 Mr. Morris is a clear-headed and successful lawyer, and has been favored with 
 a good business, which under his careful and skillful management, is constantly 
 growing in importance and extent. Although a young man, he has been engaged 
 in several noted murder trials, and has conducted other trials of importance. He 
 is an Odd-Fellow, and has several times been chosen grand representative to 
 B.M.C. In politics he is a republican, and in religion independent in his views. 
 
 OTTO E. LEGRO. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of the Austrian Empire, and was born 
 October 8, 1858. He is of French descent and is the son of Florian V. and 
 Margaret (Hubner) Legro. His grandfather fought under Napoleon, and after 
 his defeat at Waterloo settled on one of the manors of the Prince of Schwarzen- 
 berg, and afterward became his chamberlain. The father of our subject was an 
 officer in the Austrian army, and after serving in the army several years, held sev- 
 eral responsible positions in Prague, from which country he immigrated to the 
 United States in 1867, settling in Chicago. He then, in 1871, founded the Bohe- 
 mian Savings Institution in Chicago, and was president of the same several years, 
 and at a later period its treasurer. Otto E. attended the common schools, and 
 later the University of Chicago, after which he studied law five years with Adolph 
 Moses, prior to pursuing a course of study in the Union College of Law, under 
 Judge Henry Booth, who was dean of that institution. He graduated June 14, 
 1881, since which time he has successfully followed his profession, and conducted 
 a somewhat extensive business in real estate litigation. He is a diligent student, 
 enterprising, persevering and honorable, and needs only to be true to himself to 
 attain to a first rank in his profession. 
 
 HON. CORYDON BECKWITH. 
 
 CORYDON BECKWITH is one of the most brilliant legal lights in the North- 
 west. He is a very able man in every department of the profession, but his 
 finest faculties are his power of analysis and condensation. He is exceedingly 
 reticent, fertile in resources, prompt in action and energetic in the execution of 
 his plans, which are always carefully prepared. He has a legal mind of high 
 order, original in its methods, powerful in its grasp, comprehensive and thorough. 
 Few attain to so high rank. He has profound learning and is master of all the 
 subtleties of his profession. He is celebrated for his perseverance, learning in the 
 law, profound wisdom and adroit management. He is a formidable opponent. 

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 531 
 
 A native of the Green Mountain State, he was born in 1823, and commenced 
 his education in the common schools, where he made great proficiency. He after- 
 ward pursued a scientific and classical course in Providence, Rhode Island, and in 
 Wrentham, Massachusetts. In his early life he was fond of athletic sports, and 
 was early distinguished as a forcible and logical debater. He studied law in 
 Saint Albans, Vermont, and after a three years' course of assiduous application 
 to the study of the rudiments of his profession he was admitted to the bar in that 
 place. He commenced the practice of the law in his native state, where he met 
 with good success, and continued two years. In 1846 he was admitted to the bar 
 of Maryland. In 1847 he commenced practice in Saint Albans, Vermont, and 
 remained there until 1853, when he removed to Chicago, his present home. 
 
 He occupied the bench of the supreme court for a short time during Gov. 
 Yates' administration, and for several years has been the general solicitor of the 
 Chicago, Alton and Saint Louis railway. 
 
 Judge Beckwith is of medium height and well proportioned. His forehead is 
 broad rather than high; his hair is black, and his eyes are large, black, sharp and 
 expressive, and set wide apart. He seems to read a stranger at a glance, and is 
 said to be very correct in his estimate of character. He is a kind, generous man, 
 and is gratefully remembered by young lawyers who are indebted to him for 
 assistance. 
 
 HON. WM. J. HYNES. 
 
 WILLIAM J. HYNES was born March 31, 1843, at Kilkee, County Clare, 
 Ireland. His father, Thomas Hynes, was architect and builder; was super- 
 intendent of public works in 1847 when public improvements were instituted for 
 the relief of the famine period. He died in 1848. His mother, whose maiden 
 name was Catherine O'Shea, and the family, subsequently came to the United 
 States, the subject of our sketch arriving in New York, November 29, 1853. He 
 settled in Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1855 young Hynes was compelled to 
 leave school to support his mother, who became an invalid. He went into the 
 Springfield " Republican " office, then under the control of the late Samuel 
 Bowles and Dr. John G. Holland, late editor of Scribner's Magaxine. While 
 learning the printing business he pursued his studies in the evening schools of 
 Springfield, besides taking private instruction from the teachers, so that he was 
 even up with the class which he left, by the tijne they graduated in the high school, 
 although working ten hours a day at his trade. He filled every position in the 
 printing business, from ''printer's devil " to editor, before he was twenty-five years 
 old. His mother died in 1864. He was an ardent Irish nationalist, and at that 
 early stage of his manhood he took a warm interest in the Fenian movement, and 
 notwithstanding his youth, was selected to organize New England, making 
 speeches in every considerable town and city in furtherance of that cause. In 
 1866 he began the study of law, and went into partnership with the late Gen.
 
 ; : : THE BEXCB AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 John O'Neill, in Nashville. Tennessee, in the prosecution of claims against the 
 government. In 1867 he went to Washington. District of Columbia, to complete 
 his law studies in the Columbia Law University, in Georgetown. While there he 
 met his wife, the daughter of Judge George B. Way, of Ohio, whom he married 
 in September 1871. 
 
 In 1870, having completed his law studies, he was admitted to the bar. and 
 proceeded immediately to settle and practice in Little Rock, Arkansas. His first 
 case of any consequence was a contested election case before the legislature in 
 the winter of 1870-71. involving the seats of three members, the seating of which 
 involved also a change in the political complexion of the majority. His clients 
 were independents. After the most memorable contest of the kind, lasting for 
 weeks, he seated his clients on a report prepared by himself and reported by a 
 minority of one from the committee on elections. He practiced his profession, 
 and besides that received a salary of $3,000 a year for writing two columns daily 
 for the "State Journal." which did not interfere with his practice at alL His 
 articles and speeches producing agitation, he was unanimously nominated for 
 congressman at large for the state by the reform republicans, liberal republicans 
 and democrats. He tendered his declination of the nomination to all of them, 
 but they as unanimously declined to receive it_ He was elected on the Greeley 
 ticket congressman at large to the forty-third congress, making the remarkable 
 record of leading his ticket in evenr countv in the state. He made two hundred 
 and sixteen speeches during the canvass. He was recognized as one of the few 
 debaters in the house while he was a member. He was again elected in 1874, 
 when he ran on the Brooks issue, when the contest was between the Brooks and 
 Baxter governments, be supporting Brooks, who had been declared by the courts 
 to have been elected on the Greeley ticket in 1872. In the meantime the state 
 was revolutionized by the constitutional convention called by Baxter's machine. 
 This convention undertook to abolish constitutional offices, redistrict the state for 
 congress, and Judge Wilshire was elected in the district thus created. The 
 machine refusing to recognize or even return the votes for Hynes cast outside of 
 those lines, and as a contest would involve the proof of several thousand individ- 
 ual rotes, he abandoned the idea of contest. Then resolving to devote himself 
 entirely to his profession, he concluded to locate in some large city. He was 
 invited to Chicago to deliver the oration at Calvary on decoration day in 1875, 
 and was urged to adopt Chicago. He did so. moving here in September. 1875, 
 where he has since resided and practiced his profession with marked success. He 
 first formed a partnership with Judge Walter B. Scales, and later organized the 
 firm of Hynes. English and Dunne, which now exists, and is doing a lucrative 
 and successful business of the first class. Mr. Hynes is an able and brilliant 
 advocate. As such he has few peers at this bar. He rises to the full dignity of an 
 accomplished orator, either addressing a jury or on the platform, always courteous, 
 magnanimous and forcible. He arrays evidence logically and draws conclusions 
 convincingly- He is graceful in gesture, earnest, rhetorical and vivid in deliver)-.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. 533 
 
 His success as an advocate and lawyer is noteworthy. He has many friends, and 
 is a gentleman of many princely qualities in all the relations of life. He is a true 
 Irish patriot and a leader of the national Irish party in this country. 
 
 ALFRED X. TAGERT. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a young lawyer of much promise who has 
 worked his way up to his present position by great energy and untiring 
 industry, and who has accomplished what to many of lesser endowments would 
 have seemed impossible. He was of Scotch and English descent, and was born 
 September 5. 1851. in Chittenden county. Vermont, the son of Hugh and Lucy A. 
 (Hickok) Tagert. He received his earlier education in the common schools, and 
 later entered the University of Vermont, at Burlington, where he completed the 
 full course of study, and from which he graduated with highest honors in 1875, 
 and received the degree of A.B. Still later he became vice-principal of Hopkins 
 Institute, in which capacity he served, giving universal satisfaction, for one year. 
 
 Removing to the West in 1876, he entered the Union College of Law at Chi- 
 cago, and graduated therefrom in 1878, after which he was admitted to the bar 
 and entered at once upon the successful practice of his profession in the office of 
 Judge Williamson. He was in business alone until the fall of 1880, when he asso- 
 ciated himself with C. S. Cutting under the present firm name of Tagert and 
 Cutting. The business of the firm is principally in the civil branch of the law. 
 
 Mr. Tagert is a gentleman of refinement and culture, well read in legal lore, 
 especially in the statute law and the decisions of the state and federal courts, and 
 is thoroughly familiar with the general rules of practice. He is a good trial 
 lawyer and a safe counselor, and bears the reputation of being a man of untar- 
 nished integrity, in whom all have the utmost confidence. 
 
 HON. J. P. CARUTHERS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Tennessee, and was born in Lincoln 
 county, July 9, 1818. He was brought up to work on a farm, and in early 
 life attended Fayetteville Academy, and afterward entered the Nashville Univer- 
 sity, under the tuition and training of Prof. Halsey, now professor in the theo- 
 logical seminary at Lake View. Illinois. In 1856 he served as a private in the 
 Florida war. When quite young he went to Memphis, Tennessee, a stranger and 
 without a dollar. He arrived there on a Saturday, and on the following Monday 
 rented an office for the purpose of practicing law. He informed his landlord that 
 he was without means, and that he did not wish him to trust him if he was not 
 inclined so to do; the landlord replied that he was welcome to board with him as 
 long as he pleased and he would not charge him anything for it; but at the end
 
 534 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 of six months the young lawyer had earned enough in his profession to pay all 
 he owed, and had money to spare. In 1840 he was elected attorney general for 
 the Memphis district, composed of five counties, and at the expiration of his term 
 of office in 1842, he formed a partnership with Judge William T. Brown and Gen. 
 Levin H. Cole, which continued until 1854. He was elected by the people judge 
 of the court of common law and chancery, having jurisdiction throughout the 
 county of Shelby, of which Memphis is the county seat, concurrent with the 
 supreme court of Tennessee, for the term of six years, but resigned before the 
 expiration of his term on account of the breaking out of the war, and took up his 
 residence in Chicago, and has been in the successful practice of the law ever 
 since. 
 
 Judge Caruthers in political sentiments was formerly a whig, and voted for 
 Bell and Everett in 1860, but is now a democrat. 
 
 He has been married twice, first in 1846, to Miss Elizabeth McNeil, daughter 
 of Maj. Malcom McNeil, of Christian county, Kentucky, and had by her one son, 
 Malcom Caruthers, who is now a well known lawyer in Chicago. After the death 
 of his wife Judge Caruthers was married to Miss Florence McNeil, and has had 
 by her three sons and one daughter, the sons all being engaged in mercantile 
 business in Chicago. 
 
 As a judge Mr. Caruthers sustained a high reputation and character for legal 
 ability, uprightness, fairness and impartiality, and as a lawyer is well read, care- 
 ful, conscientious and prompt, and holds an honorable position at the bar. 
 
 HON. T. LYLE DICKEY. 
 
 TLYLE DICKEY is a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, and was born 
 . October 2, 1811. He entered the Ohio University in the fall of 1826, and 
 continued there four years, and then entered the senior class of Miami University, 
 and was graduated from that institution in 1831. December 6, of that year, 
 he was married to Miss Juliet Evans. He taught school in Ohio and Kentucky 
 with marked success. He removed to McDonough county, Illinois, in the winter 
 of 1834, when he met Hon. Cyrus H. Walker, who persuaded him to study law. 
 He commenced the practice of the law at Macomb before he was admitted to the 
 bar, with good success, and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1835 at the age of 
 twenty-three years. He removed to Rushville, Illinois, in 1836, and while prac- 
 ticing law, edited a whig paper at that place. He engaged in real estate specu- 
 lations, and the crash of 1837 rendered it impossible for him to meet his obliga- 
 tions for a period of twenty-one years, the most of his notes bearing interest at 
 twelve per cent. In 1839 he removed to Ottawa, and continued his practice. In 
 1846 the Mexican war broke out, and he raised a fine company of men, of which 
 he was appointed captain, and joined the ist regiment of 111. Vols. After con- 
 siderable service he resigned on account of ill health, and returned home and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 535 
 
 resumed his practice. In 1848 he was elected judge of the circuit, comprising 
 twelve counties, which position he filled four years, and then resigned and resumed 
 practice. In 1854 he opened an office in Chicago, still residing in Ottawa. His 
 wife died December 31, 1855. He practiced law four years, and was then enabled 
 to pay all his indebtedness, principal and interest, and in 1858 returned to Ottawa, 
 prepared to live easier. In that year, though a whig so long as that party lasted, 
 Judge Dickey espoused the cause of Douglas, in his famous contest with Lincoln, 
 and gave him effective support in public addresses in many parts of the state. 
 
 He formed a partnership with W. H. L. Wallace and his son, Cyrus E. Dickey, 
 and practiced law until the war broke out in 1861, when he raised a regiment, the 
 4th 111. Cav., and was appointed its colonel. He was with Gen. Grant at the cap- 
 ture of Fort Henry, led the advance at Fort Donelson, participated in the battle 
 of Shiloh with both his sons, and his son-in-law, Gen. Wallace, who was killed. 
 In the year 1862 he was appointed chief of cavalry on Gen. Grant's staff, and sent 
 to Memphis in command of that post. He was in the battle of luka. He was 
 placed in command of all of the cavalry in Gen. Grant's army, comprising four 
 brigades. He fought Gen. Pemberton far in advance of his supports four days, 
 on his retreat from Tallahassee. He took six hundred selected men, and made 
 the first extensive raid into the enemy's country through a region filled with 
 rebels, and returned without the loss of any men. It was he who suggested and 
 organized the celebrated raid of Grierson, destroying the railroads about Jackson, 
 Mississippi, in 1863. 
 
 He resigned in 1863, returned home and formed a partnership with John B. 
 Rice. In 1866 he was democratic candidate for congress for the state at large. 
 In 1868 he was appointed assistant attorney-general of the United States, and 
 had charge of all government suits in the court of claims, and in that branch of 
 litigation in the United States Supreme Court, which duties he performed with 
 fidelity and great ability. He received high encomiums from the judges of that 
 high court for the prompt and thorough manner in which he performed his 
 duties. One of the most important cases ever tried in that court was that of the 
 Floyd acceptance case, where Judge Dickey contended successfully against Judges 
 Curtis and Jerry Black, the opposing counsel, and was sustained by the court. 
 This position he held about two years, and then resigned and spent the winter in 
 Florida. 
 
 In the summer of 1870 he married Mrs. Hirst, of Prince Ann, Maryland. He 
 then returned to Ottawa, and practiced law. He removed to Chicago in Decem- 
 ber 1873. He was elected judge of the supreme court in December, 1875, to fill 
 a vacancy, and was reflected in 1879 as an independent candidate, over Thomas 
 Dent, a very worthy gentleman, the regular nominee, but Judge Dickey's per- 
 sonal popularity secured his election, although Mr. Dent's party was in the 
 ascendancy. He has since remained upon the bench of the supreme court of 
 Illinois, which position he fills to the utmost satisfaction of all. 
 
 Judge Dickey has a very retentive memory, with great power of analysis, and
 
 536 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 has judgment of a high order. As a lawyer he was a brilliant advocate, lucid 
 and logical, with an aptness in illustration and power of repartee that few pos- 
 sess. He is a gentleman who is highly prized for his social qualities, and is 
 regarded as an excellent citizen. Few men have as many warm personal friends 
 as Judge Dickey. 
 
 WICK MATTHEWS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born November 14, 1855, in Clinton county, 
 Ohio, and is the son of William Matthews, a well known clergyman of the 
 Christian persuasion, and brother of the eloquent David Matthews. He has also 
 another brother who is a preacher, and three sisters who married ministers. Wick 
 commenced his education in the common schools, and later attended the high 
 school at Indianapolis for a considerable length of time. At the age of nineteen 
 Mr. Matthews was for one year editor of the Plain City " Press," at Plain City, 
 Madison county, Ohio, in which capacity he displayed good ability as a writer, 
 and materially increased the subscription list of that paper by his energetic man- 
 agement. He studied law with Wright and Wright, prominent attorneys at Shel- 
 byville, Indiana, and was admitted to the bar at Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1878. 
 Entering at once upon his profession he practiced three years with good success, 
 doing a large business, and giving his attention principally to criminal law. He 
 removed to Chicago in 1881, and immediately resumed his practice, opening an 
 office alone. In the spring of 1882 he formed a partnership with Charles R. Jud- 
 son, his present partner. They are doing a good business, and have been retained 
 in several important civil suits. Mr. Matthews is an eloquent speaker, and is very 
 effective before a jury. He prepares his cases well, is a good trial lawyer, and is 
 one of the most promising young men of the Chicago bar. 
 
 EUGENE J. FELLOWS. 
 
 EUGENE J. FELLOWS holds a rank among the more prominent of the 
 younger class of lawyers practicing at the Chicago bar. He is able and 
 energetic, painstaking and conscientious in his practice. He is a son of Thomas 
 and Celestine Fellows, of New Orleans, where his father is a banker. Eugene 
 received his early education in his native city, which received a rude shock by 
 the breaking out of the rebellion in 1861. Although only a boy of about fifteen 
 he was obliged to shoulder a musket and aid in the defense and engagements 
 which culminated in the capture of New Orleans. At the close of the war he 
 resumed his studies, entered the New Orleans Law College, and graduated from 
 that institution in 1870. 
 
 He then entered the office of his brother, who is now judge of the third dis- 
 trict court of Louisiana, and in connection with him practiced law until 1874. In
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. . 537 
 
 the fall of that year Mr. Fellows removed to Chicago, and has been engaged in 
 active practice ever since. He gives his attention entirely to civil practice, his 
 business partaking largely of real estate matters and cases. As a lawyer in Chi- 
 cago, his course has been marked by the most persevering industry, which has 
 resulted in the establishment of an extensive and profitable practice, to which he 
 devotes his entire attention. 
 
 In 1874 he was married to Miss Georgiana Randall, of New Orleans, daughter 
 of George Wilkins Randall, founder, editor and proprietor of the New Orleans 
 'Picayune," and by that marriage has had one son: Randall Fellows. Mr. Fel- 
 lows has resided several years in the Town of Lake, in which place he takes an 
 active interest in politics. In political sentiments he is a democrat. He has held 
 the position of clerk in St. Bartholomew's Episcopalian Church for several years. 
 
 JONATHAN Y. SCAMMON. 
 
 JONATHAN YOUNG SCAMMON, a native of Whitefield, Lincoln county, 
 Maine, was born July 27, 1812, the son of Hon. Eliakim Scammon, and Joanna 
 (Young) Scammon. His father, a man of known ability and integrity, for many 
 years represented the town of Pittston in the house of representatives, and Ken- 
 nebec county in the senate of the Maine legislature. His maternal grandfather, 
 David Young, a pioneer, represented his district in the general court of Massachu- 
 setts, and served with honor during the revolutionary war. Mr. Scammon 
 received his early education at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, the Lincoln 
 Academy and Waterville College, now called Colby University, by the last of 
 which the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him. He afterward studied law, 
 and having been admitted to the bar of Kennebec county, in September, 1835, 
 removed to Chicago, Illinois. He accepted the position of assistant to Col. R. J. 
 Hamilton, clerk of the courts of Cook county, and subsequently became his 
 deputy. After a year he formed a partnership with Hon. B. S. Morris, and later 
 with Hon. N. B. Judd, which continued until 1847, when he became interested in 
 running the work on the Galena and Chicago railroad, and to him, more than any 
 other person, the late Hon. William B. Ogden excepted, is due the building of 
 the Galena railroad, the first really successful undertaking of the kind west of 
 Lake Michigan, and the father of railroad enterprise in Illinois and the country 
 west and northwest of Chicago. When the credit of the company failed, he 
 obtained money upon his private responsibility, and saved the enterprise from 
 failure. 
 
 In 1837 Mr. Scammon was appointed attorney of the state bank of Illinois, and 
 in 1839 reporter of the supreme court of the state, which latter position he held 
 until 1845. He has represented his county in the state legislature. He early 
 manifested an interest in the schools of the city, one of the city schools now 
 bearing his name. In 1849 he was elected president of the Chicago Marine Fire
 
 538 , THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Insurance Company, which has banking privileges, and became the largest finan- 
 cial institution in Chicago, when it was ruined by its cashier, during Mr. Scam- 
 mon's absence in Europe. He has always been connected with the press, having 
 aided in the establishment and maintainance of the "Journal" and "Tribune," 
 and after the great fire, constructed a building in the rear of his residence, and 
 supplied the necessary fixtures, engaged an editorial corps, and March 25, 1872, 
 issued the first number of the "Inter Ocean," of which he was sole proprietor 
 and controlling editor. In the public institutions of the city he has always 
 taken an active part. He was one of the founders of the Chicago Academy 
 of Sciences, of the Historical Society, and of the Chicago Astronomical Society. 
 He was the first of the Swedenborgians, or New church men in Chicago, and 
 one of the original founders of the Illinois Association of that church. He 
 also organized the Church of the New Jerusalem in Chicago. He was the first 
 layman of prominence to favor homoeopathy in the city, and built and conveyed 
 free to the Hahnemann Homoeopathy Society a commodious and elegant hospital. 
 The Dearborn Observatory, of the University of Chicago, in which is placed the 
 largest refracting telescope then in the world, was built at his expense and the 
 salary of its director paid by him till the fire of 1871. In 1860 he was elected 
 one of the trustees of the university, and for many years was vice-president of the 
 board of trustees and acting president of the same. He is a man of large lit- 
 erary and general culture, and as a lawyer, a banker and an editor has shown 
 eminent ability. His personal character has been one of moral and religious 
 worth, and he is held in highest esteem for his many true, manly qualities. 
 
 NATHAN M. PLOTKE. 
 
 NATHAN M. PLOTKE was born in Germany, January i, 1841. His parents 
 were natives of the same place, and were highly respected people. The 
 subject of our sketch received his early education from the public schools of his 
 native land until the age of sixteen, when he left school and his country, and 
 started out into the world to make his fortune. Turning his course to the New 
 World, he came to America and landed in New York. His first situation after 
 coming to this country was in a cigar store, where he remained two years, and 
 obtained a good knowledge of the cigar business, and then removed to Chicago. 
 Mr. Plotke after settling in Chicago started the cigar business on his own respon- 
 sibility, and met with very good success; but at the close of the war, having 
 decided to become a lawyer, he pursued a course of study in the law office of 
 Charles C. Cooper, of Chicago, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1871. 
 
 Mr. Plotke being a hard worker, soon obtained a good practice and wide pop- 
 ularity. In 1880 he was elected member of the legislature, which position he 
 now holds, and he was also elected prosecuting attorney for the lower courts of 
 Cook county, in the spring of 1882.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 539 
 
 Mr. Plotke is a member of the Sharpshooter Society, and was elected president 
 of the same in January, 1882, and is a member of the Knights of Pythias, of which 
 he has been a past grand officer; and he was also one of the charter members and 
 a director of the Prisoner's Aid Association. Mr. Plotke is a young attorney who 
 has brought himself into considerable prominence in the last few years, and is an 
 energetic member of the Chicago bar, well deserving the honors that have been 
 conferred upon him. 
 
 HENRY McCLORY. 
 
 HENRY McCLORY was born in Belfast, Ireland, in the year 1832, and was 
 the son of Henry McClory, a prominent business man and contractor of 
 that city. Having received his earlier education in Ireland, Mr. McClory at the 
 age of sixteen emigrated to this country, and shortly thereafter entered Trinity 
 College, Hartford, where he graduated. Though leaning strongly toward the 
 legal profession, he was persuaded to prepare himself for the church, and 
 although he had enrolled himself at Harvard Law School, he entered the Berke- 
 ley Divinity School, and after graduating there was ordained a deacon, and later 
 a priest of the Protestant Episcopal church. Shortly after his ordination, he 
 married a daughter of Mr. Persse, of the firm of Persse and Brooks, the cele- 
 brated paper manufacturers. He was for five years rector of a parish in Boston 
 whence he removed to Plattsburgh, New York, becoming rector of that parish. 
 In the year 1870, during his residence in Plattsburgh, Mrs. McClory died, leaving 
 two boys. This bereavement told very much on Mr. McClory, and retiring from 
 the clerical profession, he soon afterward began the study, of law and was admit- 
 ted to the bar of Michigan in 1871. Shortly thereafter he settled in Three Rivers, 
 Michigan, and began to practice his profession, and was very successful, but 
 seeking a larger field he at the expiration of three years removed to Chicago, 
 where he has since been in continuous and successful practice, strict devotion to 
 his profession having been amply rewarded. He is now married to a sister of 
 his first wife. 
 
 WILLIAM L. O'CALLAGHAN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Retchcormac, in the county of Cork, 
 Ireland, and is the son of John O'Callaghan and Honora (Lloyd) O'Calla- 
 ghan. He commenced his education in the schools of his native village, and 
 afterward attended the academy at Fermoy several years, and graduated there- 
 from with honor. After graduating, he was for some years professor of mathe- 
 matics and the higher English branches in Knocktopher College, in the county 
 of Kilkenney, and two years after, closing his labors in that college, in 1862 
 sailed for America. He taught school in Illinois and Wisconsin about three 
 years, and is reputed to be one of the best English and mathematical scholars
 
 540 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 in the profession in the city. Having decided to fit himself for the practice of 
 law, he pursued a thorough course of study, and in 1872 was admitted to the 
 bar of Illinois, and settled down to his profession in Chicago. A man of kind 
 impulses, generous hearted and benevolent, he has during his professional career 
 been a friend to the poor, and rendered to them much valuable service without 
 remuneration. 
 
 Mr. O'Callaghan settled in Chicago about the time of the Fenian demonstra- 
 tions, and during those times was in constant demand to address his countrymen. 
 He was a stirring speaker, but through a bronchial affection, and partial loss of 
 his voice, was compelled, after a time, to forego to a great extent public speaking. 
 
 Seeing how important a factor strong drink is, as a cause of crime, Mr. O'Cal- 
 laghan, from being an occasional imbiber himself, has become a teetotaler, and 
 is now an enthusiastic advocate of temperance, and an earnest worker in the 
 temperance cause, especially among his own countrymen, being convinced that 
 they seldom commit a crime except when under the influence of liquor. 
 
 EZRA G. VALENTINE. 
 
 / "T~ > HE parents of Ezra G. Valentine were among the pioneer settlers of Erie 
 _l county, New York. They subsequently moved to Wyoming county, near 
 Attica, in the beautiful Tonawanda valley, where Ezra was born. He has two 
 brothers and three sisters living. The eldest, Judge C. B. Valentine, resides in 
 Dakota. The next, Prof. W. H. H. Valentine, is proprietor of the Davenport 
 Commercial College. His eldest sister is the wife of Judge Lyman B. Everdellf, 
 of Minnesota; the next is the wife of James M. Beach, general manager of the 
 Wheeler and Wilson Manufacturing Company, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and the 
 youngest is the wife of Emmett A. King, of Wausau, Wisconsin. His father died 
 several years ago, and his mother is still living. Ezra was born in .1847. He left 
 the place of his nativity at nine years of age, and went with his parents to Green 
 Lake county, Wisconsin; thence to Ripon, where he commenced preparation for 
 a collegiate course, under President Merrill. He then entered Beloit College, 
 in the preparatory department, where he remained one year. He then entered 
 upon a classical course, and graduated in 1869. He paid his own way in college by 
 teaching. After graduating, he taught fora number of years in the state institution 
 in Delavan, Wisconsin. He was too young to enter the army, but served a short 
 time in a clerical capacity. He went to Indianapolis, Indiana, and taught school 
 and read law, having access to the library of Gen. Benjamin Harrison. His 
 course of study was thorough, and in 1875 he removed to Chicago and was 
 admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in 1877, and has since been em- 
 ployed in several important cases, in which he has shown marked ability. Mr. 
 Valentine stands high, for a man of his age, at the Chicago bar, and has quite an 
 extensive clientage. He is a self-made man, of extraordinary energy, and may
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 541 
 
 reasonably hope to realize his fondest anticipations. He is a man of unspotted 
 character, and an honored member of the Masonic and Odd -Fellow orders. In 
 politics he is a republican. 
 
 He was married in June, 1879, to Miss Bertha M. Alden, daughter of James F. 
 Alden, who was for many years connected with the house of A. T. Stewart and 
 Company as manager of the credit department. They have two children. 
 
 GRAHAM H. HARRIS. 
 
 RAHAM H. HARRIS was born in Virginia, October n, 1857, and is the 
 son of Hon. John T. Harris, the present representative in congress from the 
 seventh district of that state, an office with which he has been honored several 
 different times during the last twenty years. The mother of our subject before 
 marriage was Miss Virginia M. Miller. His paternal grandfather, Nathan Harris, 
 was a wealthy planter, who was highly educated, and a gentleman of prominence 
 and great influence. His maternal grandfather was Dr. William Miller, of Bal- 
 timore, a prominent physician, who removed to Virginia in the latter part of his life. 
 
 Graham H. was educated at the Virginia Military Institute and in the Univer- 
 sity of Virginia, at Charlottesville, and graduated therefrom in June, 1878. He 
 studied law in the University of Virginia, and afterward in his father's office; 
 was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1878, and commenced practice in Harrison- 
 burgh, Virginia, where he continued until May of the same year, when he removed 
 to Chicago, and went into the office of Dexter, Herrick and Allen, where he 
 remained about five months. He was then admitted to the bar of Illinois, and 
 commenced business for himself, and has been engaged in a successful general 
 law practice ever since. 
 
 As a speaker he is fluent and effective, and excels in the trial of cases. He is 
 tall and commanding in stature, graceful, affable and courteous, and sustains an 
 unblemished character for honesty, manliness and fair dealing. 
 
 ALEXANDER J. WALKER. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in 
 Youngstown, Westmoreland county, December 6, 1844. His father, John 
 Sharp Walker, is of Scotch-Irish descent on his father's side, and his mother, 
 Mary Walker, is of German descent on her mother's side. Until about twenty- 
 one years of age, Alexander J. spent most of his time at school, having excellent 
 educational advantages. He attended Sewickley Academy, Pennsylvania, and later 
 pursued a four years' course at the Westmoreland College, after leaving which he 
 went to St. Vincent's College, near Latrobe, Pennsylvania, and there finished his 
 collegiate education. On leaving college he went to Greensburgh, Pennsylvania,
 
 542 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 where he read law for four years with Edward J. Keenan, and August 15, 1866, 
 was admitted to the bar. After practicing his profession for a short time, he in 
 1871 removed to the city of Leavenworth, Kansas, where he remained about five 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Walker in 1870 connected himself in the capacity of professor with the 
 State Normal School of Kansas. He resigned his professorship in 1873, and 
 accepted a position as general western agent for Cowperthwait and Company, 
 educational publishers of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
 
 In 1874 he removed to Chicago and entered the law office of Hon. Emery A. 
 Storrs, where he remained about one year. In 1875 he opened an office of his 
 own, and since that time has had a good practice. He is a man of fine ability, 
 and has a bright future before him, and if he continues true to himself must reach 
 a high eminence in his profession. Mr. Walker has already conducted success- 
 fully several important cases at the Chicago bar. 
 
 CHARLES A. DUPEE. 
 
 THE personal history of the gentleman whose name and portrait are herewith 
 presented is worthy of record, and a fixed place in the annals of the earlier 
 days of Chicago. Charles A. Dupee was a native of Massachusetts; born at West 
 Brookfield, May 22, 1831. His parents were Jacob Dupee and Lydia A. (Weath- 
 erbee) Dupee, his father being a descendant from a French Huguenot, who emi- 
 grated to Boston in the] year 1685. His early education was commenced at an 
 academy in the town of Monson, and subsequently continued at the Williston 
 Seminary, at East Hampton, Massachusetts. In 1850 he entered Yale College, 
 graduating from that institution in 1854, with the degree of A.B. In November 
 of the same year he came to Chicago, where he became principal of Edwards 
 Academy, remaining in this position for six months, after which he spent some 
 time in traveling. In the autumn of 1855 he returned to Chicago, and was 
 appointed principal of one of the public schools, which position he held for one 
 year. 
 
 About this time the Chicago high school was organized, and Mr. Dupee was 
 selected for its principal, and the task of creating and developing the system of 
 this school must be largely accredited to him. The impress given by him to that 
 institution still remains, and its system and workings have been extensively 
 adopted by other high schools of the West. While principal of this school he 
 was also editor of the " Illinois Teacher," a monthly periodical published in Chi- 
 cago, principally for the use of teachers. While engaged in teaching others, our 
 subject illustrates the saying that "he who teaches others, teaches himself best," 
 for he not only gave the necessary time and attention to his duties as an instructor 
 in that institution, but at the same time spent a portion of his leisure hours in 
 the study of the law. Resigning his position of principal of the high school, in
 
 a/. 
 
 l-a t>-H iWlll,...
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 545 
 
 1860 he began a systematic course of the study of law, first in the law school at 
 Cambridge, Massachusetts, and afterward in the office of Gallup and Hitchcock, 
 in Chicago. He was admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Illinois in 1861. 
 About this time he was offered the presidency of the State Normal School of Illi- 
 nois, and also the Latin professorship in the Chicago University, both of which 
 proposals he declined. 
 
 After admission to the bar, he commenced the practice of the profession in 
 Chicago under his own name, and continued so for about one year, when he 
 entered into copartnership with Jacob A. Cram, under the style of Dupee and 
 Cram. 
 
 In 1863 Mr. Dupee was married to Miss Jennie Wells, daughter of Henry G. 
 Wells, one of the early settlers of Chicago. In 1864 the firm of Dupee and Cram 
 was dissolved, and Mr. Dupee became a member of the firm of Hitchcock, Dupee 
 and Evarts, which continued until 1872, when, by the retirement of Mr. Evarts, 
 the firm became Hitchcock and Dupee. In 1876 the firm of Hitchcock, Dupee 
 and Judah was organized, by the admission of Noble B. Judah. January 22, 1881, 
 Mr. Dupee was bereft of his wife, and later, May 6, 1882, of his friend and part- 
 ner, Mr. Hitchcock, who had for so many years been associated with him. Upon 
 the death of Mr. Hitchcock, the firm of Dupee and Judah was organized, to which 
 M. L. Willard was admitted as a partner in 1882. 
 
 Mr. Dupee was married March 27, 1883, to Miss Bessie B. Nash, of Mac-o- 
 cheek, Ohio. Mr. Dupee is a man of marked ability, and his success is the result 
 of steady application to his profession, and of unswerving integrity. As a lawyer 
 Mr. Dupee is recognized and assigned as one of the most trusted and ablest at 
 the bar. His methods of habit and process of action in the pursuit of his chosen 
 profession result not only from disposition, but temperament as well. While the 
 blood in the heart is warm and sympathetic to a degree, that in the brain is cool 
 and full of the currents of cynicism for aught else than genuine, uncolored facts, 
 and a clear legal maxim in its application to those facts. He is prone to rely less 
 upon the accredited potency of utterance, which so frequently obtains with juries, 
 but he tenaciously lays hold of and unfolds those principles of law which serve to 
 unerringly pilot the facts in a given case to a harbor of perfect justice. His 
 reliance in every jury cause is especially upon the law applicable to the actual 
 facts in evidence, and he trusts finally and largely to a confidence in the con- 
 science and wisdom of courts of last resort. He is ever ready and willing to 
 ascertain his results through a purely judicial rather than a jury decision. The 
 latter frequently is the outcome of emotion, prejudice or ignorance; the former 
 the yellow grain of a full harvest of deliberation, learning and experience. This 
 tendency of mind has so imbued itself into the professional feeling of Mr. Dupee 
 that he has ripened, as' to style, expression, arrangement of fact and thought, into 
 the lawyer's ideal, that of being able, in written argument and brief, to win the 
 most lasting triumphs from courts whose decisions are irreversible, and which 
 become precedents and principles. Not only do the facts, under the magic of his 
 58
 
 546 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 pen, marshal themselves with the attacking force of an army, but each fact is so 
 entrenched in law and precedent, and so armored in reason and logic, as to 
 become and be irresistible. All the while these facts and this law are clothed in 
 diction which lends a charm to those distinctions so uninteresting and dry to the 
 layman, a diction which suggests the smoothness of Macaulay, the clearness of 
 Addison, the strength, feeling and power of Junius. 
 
 In personnel, Mr. Dupee is above the average height, and of commanding 
 presence. His bearing is unaffectedly a blending of gentleness, which inspires 
 affection, and of natural dignity, which wins respect. His manner toward the 
 court and counsel is uniformly courteous and affable. He never regards it neces- 
 sary to cease to be a gentleman in order to be a lawyer. In his professional life 
 he has largely been engaged in the services of railroad, banking and insurance 
 corporations, and his ripe experience in such cases has caused his opinions to be 
 regarded as especially valuable. He is wholly devoted to his profession. The 
 legal firms with which he has for more than twenty years been connected in this 
 city have been of the highest standing, and have had the confidence of the courts 
 and the public to an unusual extent. Few lawyers now engaged in Chicago, in 
 professional life, have been concerned in so extensive affairs, or accomplished an 
 equal amount of successful labor, or been equally rewarded. This confidence is 
 the result of ripe learning, a life of industry and experience, based upon a very 
 extensive practice, and a personal and professional honor of the highest character. 
 
 HON. LYMAN TRUMBULL. 
 
 NATURE is sometimes generous, but never prodigal of her resources. Not- 
 withstanding its general intelligence, its intense mental activities, its 
 scientific, artistic and literary development, our country has produced few men 
 worthy to be called statesmen, and still fewer profound constitutional lawyers. 
 Of these, however, Illinois is conceded to have given the nation one, Hon. Lyman 
 Trumbull. 
 
 He was born in Colchester, Connecticut, October 12, 1813, and received his 
 early education at Bacon Academy, in his native town. At the age of sixteen 
 years he commenced teaching school, and at twenty assumed charge of an acad- 
 emy at Greenville, Georgia. In addition to the onerous duties of teacher, Mr. 
 Trumbull now devoted his leisure hours to the study of law, and in 1837 was 
 admitted to the bar of Georgia. Sagaciously perceiving the Mississippi valley 
 was destined to become the seat of mighty states, he immediately removed to 
 Illinois, and settled at Belleville, in St. Clair county, and commenced the practice 
 of law. This, however, was soon interrupted, for in 1840 he was a representative 
 to the legislature of Illinois, and before the expiration of his term was appointed 
 secretary of state, which position he filled for two years. Returning to the prac- 
 tice of his profession, he devoted himself so zealously and assiduously thereto
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 547 
 
 that in a few years he became the peer of the most eminent and experienced law- 
 yers in the state. In recognition of his peculiar fitness for the position, he was, 
 in 1848, elected one of the justices of the supreme court of Illinois, and in 1852 
 was reflected for nine years. In 1853 he resigned from the supreme bench, and 
 in the following year was chosen to represent his district in congress. Before he 
 had taken his seat, the legislature elected him senator for six years, from March, 
 1855. In 1861 he was reelected senator, and again in 1867. After eighteen con- 
 secutive years' service as senator from Illinois, he returned to the state he had 
 served so long and faithfully, and resumed the practice in Chicago, where he 
 still resides. 
 
 His ability and eminence as a statesman and constitutional lawyer have 
 received fitting and graceful recognition from McKendree and Yale Colleges, both 
 of which have conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. Unlike too 
 many of our public men, Judge Trumbull's private life has been pure, unsullied 
 and upright, as his public career has been brilliant, honorable and successful. 
 
 J. HENRY WESTOVER. 
 
 "" I "'HE subject of this sketch is a native of New York, and was born in Onon- 
 A daga county, in the old village of Manlius, December 23, 1846, and is the 
 son of Frederick Westover, and Phebe (Miller) Westover. His father, a cotton 
 manufacturer, was a prominent business man of that place, and had a family of 
 twelve children, ten of whom are yet living. When Henry was an infant, his 
 father removed with his eldest daughter to Wisconsin, and purchased a piece of 
 land near the then village of Milwaukee. There Deacon Westover, as he was 
 always called, was one of the founders of Spring Street Free Congregational 
 Church, which was noted for the similarity of its members' views on the anti- 
 slavery question. Deacon Westover was quite an orator, and was an industrious 
 anti-slavery agitator and temperance orator. He also devoted considerable time 
 to Sabbath-schools, and the interest of the church. He afterward removed to 
 Summit, Wabasha county, Wisconsin, and purchased two farms, one in Summit 
 and one near Waukesha, where our subject spent a portion of his early life. He 
 attended school at Racine and Milwaukee, and finished his education at Racine 
 College in 1869, and then entered the office of his brother, teorge F. Westover, 
 at Oconomowoc, where he pursued the study of the law with great diligence, at 
 the same time participated to some extent with his brother in practice, and after 
 a very thorough preparation, in October, 1873, was examined by a committee, 
 appointed by the court, consisting of Judges Hubbell, Hooker and E. P. Smith. 
 In moving for the admission of Mr. Westover to the bar, Mr. Smith remarked 
 that he passed the best examination of any student he ever examined or ever saw 
 examined. 
 
 After his admission to the bar, he continued to assist his brother in his law 
 office until 1874, and was actively engaged in a large business. In April, 1874,
 
 548 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 George F. Westover removed to Chicago, and entered the firm of Shufeldt, Ball 
 and Westover, and J. Henry remained at Oconomowoc, where he succeeded to all 
 of the business of the office occupied by his brother and himself, doing what is 
 seldom accomplished by a junior member of a firm on the retirement of the 
 senior partner, viz., retained all of their old clients, and acquired many new ones. 
 He remained there until August, 1877, and then removed to Chicago, and joined 
 the firm of Shufeldt and Westover, where he has remained ever since. This firm 
 has done a very extensive commercial business, and at one time their trial docket 
 exhibited six hundred pending cases. 
 
 Mr. Westover has a ready command of language, is a successful trial lawyer 
 and an effective advocate. He was married in 1872 to a Miss Stewart of Ocono- 
 mowoc, Wisconsin. In national politics Mr. Westover is a republican, but in 
 local matters is independent, supporting for office the man whom he regards 
 most worthy. 
 
 THOMAS H. HOOD. 
 
 THOMAS H. HOOD was born in Chicago, April 5, 1856, and received his 
 primary education at the Chicago high school, which he left in 1874. He 
 engaged in clerking in a hardware store for about a year, when he went to Beloit 
 College, Wisconsin. In 1876 he entered the sophomore class of the Northwestern 
 University, and graduated from that institution in 1879. In September of the 
 same year he entered the office of Wallace and Mason, and commenced the study 
 of law, and two years later, in 1881, was admitted to the bar. He, however, con- 
 tinued his studies with Wallace and Mason until May, 1882, when he began prac- 
 ticing alone. Mr. Hood also graduated, in 1881, from the Union College of Law 
 of Chicago. He is a young man of fine abilities, and a careful student, and being 
 thoroughly imbued with a love of his profession, gives every promise of a success- 
 ful career. 
 
 COL. ARNO VOSS. 
 
 ARNO VOSS is one of the oldest members of the Chicago bar. He removed 
 to Chicago in the year 1849 from Ohio, where, a few years previously, he had 
 been admitted to the bar. A native of Prussia, he was born on April 16, 1821. 
 In 1852, he was elected city attorney, an office which he held until 1854, having 
 been reflected in 1853. At the opening of the war of the rebellion, he was 
 engaged in a large and lucrative practice of his profession, which he left to fight 
 for the union. As colonel of the izth regiment 111. Cavalry, he went with his 
 command to Virginia, where the same was engaged in some very severe fighting. 
 In the month of September 1862, Col. Voss, at the head of the cavalry forces at 
 Harper's Ferry, about two thousand strong, cut his way out of that place through 
 the army corps of Gen. Longstreet, besieging Harper's Ferry from the Maryland 
 side, while Gen. Stonewall Jackson had invested it from the Virginia side, and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 549 
 
 arrived with his command at Greencastle, in Pennsylvania, with a loss of only 
 one hundred and seventy-eight men. Leaving the service on account of ill-health 
 in the beginning of 1864, he resided for a few years on his farm in Will county, 
 Illinois, and returned to Chicago in the year 1869 to resume the practice of the 
 law. In the fall of 1876, he was elected a member of the legislature from the 
 sixth senatorial district of the state of Illinois, for which office he declined a 
 renomination in 1878. In politics, Col. Voss is known as a Jeffersonian democrat 
 of very decided principles. He is now occupying the honorable position of one 
 of the masters in chancery of the circuit court of Cook county, to which he was 
 appointed on December i, 1880. 
 
 LYNN HELM. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born October 29, 1857, and is the son of H. T. 
 Helm, a prominent attorney of Chicago. After closing his preliminary 
 studies at Lake Forest, he, in 1875, entered Princeton College, and four years 
 later graduated with honor from that institution. Having decided to devote him- 
 self to the legal profession, he pursued a thorough course of law studies, and 
 was admitted to the bar of Illinois, and immediately thereafter became associ- 
 ated in business with his father, under the firm name of H. T. and L. Helm. Mr. 
 Helm is a young man of good abilities, studious, persevering and energetic, with 
 a clear, comprehensive mind, and, if true to himself, may take a first rank in his 
 chosen profession. In religious belief, Mr. Helm is a Presbyterian. He does not 
 take any active part in political affairs, but in his principles and sentiments is a 
 democrat. 
 
 T. HOLMES NORTH. 
 
 THE gentleman whose sketch we here present was born at Marcellus, Onon- 
 daga county, New York, March 19, 1823. His parents, Nathan North and 
 Mary Ann (Holmes) North, followed agricultural pursuits, and young North, in 
 the first instance, received his education at the plough, in the spring-time, with the 
 farming routine, until winter, when he attended the district school, until he was 
 sixteen years of age. Failing in health, he was sent to the seminary at Cazeno- 
 via, New York (since endowed as a college), and educated for the ministry. 
 
 He taught school winters six years to pay expenses of educating himself. In 
 1847 he commenced his career as a Methodist minister, and preached some four- 
 teen years, and, a change of belief having developed in his mind, he imbibing 
 the doctrine of universal salvation of mankind, ceased preaching and commenced 
 mercantile pursuits, which he followed for five years. 
 
 Having during his clerical labors, and while in mercantile business, studied 
 law, he in 1868, while at Freeport, Illinois, was admitted to the bar of the state 
 to practice law, by the supreme court of Illinois, and subsequently admitted to
 
 550 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 practice in the Supreme Court of the United States, at Washington, District of 
 Columbia. 
 
 In 1860, Mr. North removed to Texas, where he remained, following merchan- 
 dising, until the last year of the war, and going from Galveston to Brenham, and 
 from there to San Antonio, the climate of the Lone Star State became too warm 
 for the peaceful residence of a northern man, and he took refuge with his family 
 at Matamoras, Mexico, where he remained until June 17, 1865, when, with his 
 family, he took a government transport to New Orleans, by way of the Gulf of 
 Mexico. Sending his family north, he returned to Texas to look after his mer- 
 cantile interest, and gathering up what fragments he could of debts after the 
 war, he came to Chicago, where he has since followed the routine of his profes- 
 sion. 
 
 Mr. North was a republican in politics until 1858, when, during the campaign 
 between S. A. Douglas and A. Lincoln, he became a Douglas democrat, and has 
 since identified himself with that party. 
 
 In 1843, Mr. North married Miss Mary J. Hall, in Jordan, Onondaga county, 
 New York, a niece of Judge Hall, of Syracuse, and by the union has had eight 
 children, four boys and four girls, four of whom are living. Mr. North is a forci- 
 ble speaker, a careful, painstaking lawyer, and a good citizen. Mr. North has 
 written a work, doubtless suggested by his experience in the South during the 
 rebellion, entitled " Five Years in Texas." 
 
 ABRAM M. PENCE. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is an able lawyer of over twenty years of success- 
 ful practice. He was born March 26, 1838, in Urbana, Ohio, and is the son 
 of David Pence. Abram M. spent the early part of his life on a farm, where he 
 attained habits of industry, and imbibed the principles of strict integrity and 
 manly uprightness, which have been his leading characteristics throughout all of 
 his transactions, either in connection with his profession, or in other matters of 
 business. Being an apt scholar, he readily attained the rudiments of an educa- 
 tion; entered Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, and graduated from that insti- 
 tution in 1860, at the age of twenty-two, at the head of his class. He then entered 
 Cincinnati Law School, where he made great proficiency in the law, and received 
 the compliment of the professors of being one of the most promising students 
 that ever attended that celebrated school. He graduated from that institution 
 in 1862. 
 
 At the age of twenty-six, Mr. Pence was married to a very refined lady, highly 
 educated and accomplished, in the person of Miss Mary Wheeler, of Findlay, Ohio. 
 
 In 1880 Mr. Pence, with his family, traveled over Europe. He is a gentleman 
 of fine presence, having a robust constitution, standing erect, having a high, 
 broad forehead. He is dignified, but not reserved. He is learned in his pro-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 551 
 
 fession, and especially in real estate and chancery law has a very high reputation. 
 No one of his age in the state has appeared more frequently before the supreme 
 court of the state, and with the greatest success, as the reports of that court will 
 show. A difficult case but increases his appetite for labor. Mr. Pence is now 
 the president of the Chicago Law Institute, an association of the leading lawyers 
 of the city, and who own one of the finest law libraries in the world. Mr. Pence 
 is always affable and courteous, but firm as a rock in all his convictions. He has 
 always stood fast by his profession, constantly refusing to step aside into any 
 other vocation, even for the shortest time. He is recognized as standing among 
 the leaders of the bar. As an advocate he has a happy faculty of presenting his 
 thoughts clearly and forcibly to both court and jury. As a citizen he possesses 
 the confidence of all who know him, and is highly esteemed by those who appre- 
 ciate a gentleman of intelligence and culture. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. AVER. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. AVER was born at Kingston, Rockingham county, New 
 Hampshire, April 22, 1825; being the eighth in line of descent from John 
 Ayer, who emigrated from England in 1637, and settled at Haverhill, Massachu- 
 setts in 1645. His father was a merchant noted for his business sagacity and 
 enterprise, who died in May, 1875, near Manchester, New Hampshire, at the 
 advanced age of eighty-three years. Benjamin F. was fitted for college at the 
 Albany Academy, Albany, New York, and having afterward pursued the regular 
 course of study at Dartmouth College, graduated from that institution in 1846. 
 Upon leaving Dartmouth he studied law at Manchester, New Hampshire, for two 
 years, and passed one year at the Harvard Law School. Having completed his 
 preparatory legal studies, he was admitted to the bar in July, 1849, and immedi- 
 ately afterward opened an office at Manchester, New Hampshire, where he 
 obtained a large and profitable patronage. 
 
 He was elected to a seat in the state legislature in 1853, and was subsequently 
 appointed prosecuting attorney for Hillsborough county, an office which he held 
 with distinction for three years. In 1857 he removed to Chicago, and from 1861 
 to 1865 held the office of corporation counsel. While acting in this capacity he 
 prepared the revised charter of that city, which was adopted in 1863. Since 1865 
 he has been persistent in his refusals of public office, though often solicited to 
 accept. He is possessed of rare legal ability, has a thorough acquaintance with 
 the science of law in all its branches, and the power of presenting his ideas in a 
 clear, terse and convincing manner. His reputation is that of a thorough and 
 well read lawyer, a courteous gentleman, and a substantial citizen. 
 
 In 1876 he accepted the office of general solicitor of the Illinois Central Rail- 
 road Company, a corporation closely identified with the growth, interests, and 
 prosperity of the state. As manager of the legal relations of this company with
 
 552 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the public, he has earned a high reputation for fairness and just dealing, and no 
 member of the bar enjoys more than he the confidence of his brethren in the pro- 
 fession, or a greater influence with the court. He is a man of fine perception, and 
 is possessed of a retentive memory, a logical mind, and a sound and mature 
 judgment. These gifts are united to habits of close application and great indus- 
 try. He is in all things cool, keen and conscientious, and an honor to the profes- 
 sion in every way. 
 
 Mr. Ayer was married in 1868, to Miss Jennie A. Hopkins, daughter of Hon. 
 James C. Hopkins, judge of the United States district court, of Madison, Wiscon- 
 sin. 
 
 DANIEL MORAN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is of Irish descent, and was born March 4, 1845, at 
 Ballinafadd, County Roscommon, Ireland; the son of John Moran and Sarah 
 (Crogan) Moran. He was educated in Ohio and Indiana, and studied law with 
 D. W. Ayres, of Sheldon, Illinois. He was admitted to the bar at Springfield, 
 Illinois, January 4, 1878, and is also a member of the bar of the state of Indiana. 
 He served as a scout on the plains during 1878 and 1879, and has been in several 
 engagements, among the most memorable of which was that of the massacre of 
 the settlers of Salt river, Kansas; at the massacre of railroad laborers at Fossil 
 creek and Norfolk, Kansas. 
 
 Mr. Moran is a lawyer of good ability, energetic, upright and persevering, and 
 destined to make his mark in the profession. 
 
 HUGH CUNNING. 
 
 THE subject of this biography, a son of Patrick Cunning and Elizabeth 
 (Nowry) Cunning, was born March 22, 1824, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 
 His father was a native of Coldrain, on the river Ban North, of Ireland, whence 
 he emigrated to'America in 1822, settling first at Baltimore, Maryland, but shortly 
 afterward removing to Pittsburgh. The mother of our subject was of Scotch 
 descent. 
 
 The boy first began attending school when he was five years old, in his native 
 city; but two years later, his father, being unsuccessful in business in the city, 
 leased a farm, and removed his family thither. The soil was poor, and it was 
 only by dint of hard work that he could gain a livelihood, and give his boy the 
 education which he desired. At that day the log school-house, with its huge 
 fire-place, was to be seen in every district, and people were strangers to all those 
 improved methods of instruction and educational appliances which characterize 
 the public schools of to-day. Yet the society was good, and the farmers in their 
 primitive and simple homes were happy and contented.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 553 
 
 Our subject early developed a fondness for study and self-culture, and so 
 applied himself to his studies, together with general and useful reading, that 
 when sixteen years of age he was well fitted for teaching. After teaching two 
 terms, he took a trip through the states of Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa, and was 
 so much pleased with the country and the enterprise which he everywhere saw 
 exhibited, that he resolved to induce his father to remove to the West. In this, 
 however, he was unsuccessful, since the old gentleman was firm in his determi- 
 nation not to "go out among the Indians." Nevertheless, he did induce his father 
 to leave the place in which he was then living, and purchase a large farm near 
 Beaver, twenty-eight miles from Pittsburgh. Here he employed his time man- 
 aging the farm during summers, and through the winter months pursued his 
 studies, often poring over his books until the hour of midnight. Thus he con- 
 tinued to work and study until 1850, when, all incumbrances being removed from 
 the homestead, and feeling that he could be spared by his father, he began study- 
 ing for the profession which he had long desired to enter, and which he has since 
 honored. 
 
 Entering the office of Hon. S. B. Wilson, an eminent lawyer of Beaver, he 
 applied himself assiduously for two years, at the end of which time he passed an 
 examination before the authorized examining committee, and received his license 
 admitting him to practice. Immediately thereafter, he removed to Port Wash- 
 ington, Wisconsin, and opening an office, began the work of building up a busi- 
 ness, and making for himself a name. He remained at Port Washington until 
 1869, and became widely known throughout the state of Wisconsin, being asso- 
 ciated in many cases with Hon. Matt H. Carpenter, and Hon. Edward G. Ryan, 
 late chief-justice of the supreme court of that state. Mr. Cunning was attorney 
 in many important cases, one especially deserving of mention being reported in 
 the sixteenth volume, " Wisconsin Reports." It was a case growing out of a 
 resistance of the draft during the war, the Germans who were drafted charging 
 fraud upon the officials. Being infuriated at what they regarded unfair treatment, 
 it became necessary to call in the aid of the United States troops, and one hundred 
 and thirty of them were placed under arrest. Assisted by E. G. Ryan, Mr. Cunning 
 applied for writs of habeas corpus, which were granted by the supreme court of the 
 state, and when the matter was presented before that tribunal, the parties were re- 
 leased. From the exciting causes leading to the trouble, and the large number of 
 persons interested in the issue, the case probably created more attention than any 
 other case that ever came before the courts of that state, and out of it grew a num- 
 ber of very important cases, in which Mr. Cunning was employed as attorney. 
 During his residence at Port Washington, he became known not only as an able 
 lawyer and advocate, but also as an enterprising and public-spirited citizen. In 
 1859 he was honored with the appointment of collector of customs, but declined the 
 office. In the following year, 1860, he was elected to the state senate, and during 
 the term of his office, two years, represented his district with distinguished ability. 
 Among his services may be mentioned the securing of a grant of land for a col- 
 59
 
 554 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ony in San Salvador, Central America, with free transportation by the government 
 of San Salvador. The favorite scheme was, however, rendered impracticable, and 
 abandoned, by reason of the opening of the war of the rebellion. 
 
 After leaving Wisconsin, in 1869, Mr. Cunning settled in Chicago and resumed 
 the practice of his profession, and until his health became impaired, in 1879, was 
 constantly and actively employed. As a lawyer, he is careful and conscientious, 
 thoroughly investigating the law of his cases, while as an advocate, though sin- 
 gularly unostentatious, his arguments are strong and effective. 
 
 His religious training was under Roman Catholic influences. In political 
 sentiment he is a democrat, but since settling in Chicago he has given little 
 attention to politics more than to perform his duties as a citizen. 
 
 Mr. Cunning was married, in 1857, to Catharine Kenna, a niece of N. Kenna, a 
 merchant of Fort Washington, Wisconsin. 
 
 Mr. Cunning's disease, epilepsy, being pronounced incurable by his physi- 
 cians, the pathology of the disease remaining unknown to the profession, he went 
 to work with a will to study the disease, in which, after several years, he has been 
 entirely successful, and is now preparing a work on the pathological anatomy of 
 the disease, which he hopes will not only render the prevention and cure of this 
 and kindred diseases possible, but sure and simple. After the completion of this 
 work, he will again resume the practice of his profession. 
 
 JAMES M. FLOWER. 
 
 JAMES MONROE FLOWER hails from the Empire State, dating his birth at 
 Hannibal, Oswego county, March 10, 1835. Both parents, Calvin and Hannah 
 (Phillips) Flower, were natives of Ashfield, Massachusetts, and descendants of 
 early settlers in that state. In 1844, when James was only nine years old, the 
 family came west, settling on a farm at Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, where the father 
 still lives, losing his wife in the summer of 1881. Our subject was educated at 
 the University of Wisconsin, teaching two winters while in college, and graduat- 
 ing in the class of 1856. He read law at Madison, Wisconsin, filling, meanwhile, 
 from the autumn of 1856 to the autumn of 1857, the office of deputy clerk of the 
 supreme court. The next year he was clerk of the commissioners appointed to 
 revise the statutes of the state, and went to Hartford, Connecticut, to assist in 
 their publication, going thence to the Albany Law School, graduating in May 1859. 
 
 Mr. Flower returned to Wisconsin, opened an office at Madison in the spring 
 of 1860, and there practiced until the close of 1872. While in that city he held 
 the office of police justice two years during the civil war, and after its close was 
 deputy collector of internal revenue. 
 
 On January i, 1873, Mr. Flower opened an office in Chicago, and soon built up 
 a good practice in the several courts, making a specialty of commercial law. He 
 is receiver for the German National Bank of Chicago. As a lawyer he is well
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 555 
 
 educated, able, accurate and painstaking, and faithful in the cause of his clients. 
 His standing at the bar is excellent. 
 
 Mr. Flower is a decided republican in politics, yet we cannot learn that he 
 devotes much time to such matters except to vote, his professional studies and 
 practice taking the precedence over everything else. Evidently his ambition is to 
 excel in his chosen field of intellectual labor, and he is taking the right course. 
 
 His wife was Lucy L. Cones, of Washington, D.C., they being married in 
 September, 1862, and having three children. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM ERNEST MASON. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Franklinville, Cattaraugus county, 
 New York, and was born July 7, 1850, the son of Lewis J. and Nancy (Wins- 
 low) Mason. His father, who was engaged in mercantile pursuits, was an enter- 
 prising, energetic man of marked character, and highly respected by all who 
 knew him. He was an earnest abolitionist and an active politician, and supported 
 John C. Fremont for the presidency. Removing to Bentonsport,Van Buren county, 
 Iowa, with his family in 1858 he lived there until his death, which occurred in 
 1865. The mother survived the father ten years, and died in 1875. William being 
 thus early thrown upon his own resources, developed an independence of character 
 which has marked all his doings, and he may truly be called the "architect of 
 his own fortune." He gained his early education in the public schools of his 
 native village, and later at Bentonsport, Iowa. At the age of thirteen he entered 
 Birmingham College, in Van Buren county, Iowa, and studied there two years. He 
 afterward taught during two winters in district schools, and in 1868, going to 
 Des Moines, Iowa, was there employed during the next two years, in teaching. 
 
 Having determined to enter the legal profession, he, in 1870, began his law 
 studies in the office of Hon. Thomas F. Withrow, at Des Moines. Mr. Withrow 
 was soon afterward appointed general solicitor of the Rock Island Railroad Com- 
 pany, and removed to Chicago, whither Mr. Mason accompanied him, and 
 remained in his office about one year. At the expiration of that time, he entered 
 the office of Hon. John N. Jewett, one of Chicago's most eminent lawyers, and 
 there continued his studies and practice for five years. Having now familiarized 
 himself with the principles and practice of his profession, and feeling himself 
 thoroughly qualified for its duties, he began business on his own account, form- 
 ing a partnership with Judge M. R. M. Wallace. This was in 1877. Since that 
 time the business of the firm has been greatly extended, and every year widens 
 its scope and influence. As an advocate Mr. Mason is noted for his superior 
 qualities, being counted among the first jury lawyers of Chicago, and his talents 
 in this direction having called him into many of the most important cases that 
 have come before the courts. 
 
 In political sentiment Mr. Mason is a firm and earnest republican. He has
 
 556 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 taken an active part in many political campaigns, advocating and defending, in 
 face of the strongest opposition, the principles of the party, and by fearlessly and 
 enthusiastically upholding the cause which he has espoused, won to himself many 
 friends and admirers. Mr. Mason was a member of the thirty-first general assem- 
 bly from the old fifth district, and in November, 1882, was elected to the state 
 senate from the new ninth district, which embraces the northwestern part of the 
 city of Chicago. He is chairman of the committee on warehouses, and on the 
 committee on judiciary, judicial department, corporations, insurance, military 
 affairs and miscellany. 
 
 Mr. Mason possesses personal and social qualities of a high order open 
 hearted and generous, he has attracted to himself many friends, who know him 
 as a genial companion and true friend. He was married in 1873 to Miss Julia 
 Edith White, daughter of George White, a wholesale merchant of Des Moines, 
 Iowa. Although a young man, Mr. Mason has achieved an enviable success in 
 his profession, and with his fair record, may confidently look forward to the ful- 
 fillment of his best hopes and highest ambitions. 
 
 JOHN VAN ARMAN. 
 
 THE gentleman whose name we have placed at the head of this sketch enjoys 
 a deservedly high reputation as a criminal lawyer, yet probably nine-tenths 
 of his legal business is in the civil courts. He has, however, in the last thirty 
 years been engaged in a large number of important criminal cases, which have 
 attracted much attention, and in which he gained great distinction as an advo- 
 cate. Mr. Van Arman was born at Plattsburgh, Clinton county, New York, March 
 3, 1820, his parents being John and Tamar(Dewey) Van Arman. He is of Holland 
 descent on his father's side, and French on his mother's. His paternal grand- 
 father, John Van Arman, came from the old country before the American revo- 
 lution: settled in the Mohawk Valley, and lived to be a hundred years old. The 
 father of our subject was for nearly fifty years a lumberman on Lake Champlain, 
 and the St. Lawrence and Sorel rivers, and died from the effects of an accident, 
 at ninety-seven years of age. He was at the battle of Bennington, being in his 
 sixteenth year. The maternal grandfather of our subject was a soldier in France 
 and the West Indies, and a son of his fought under Gen. Scott at Lundy's Lane. 
 John Van Arman was the youngest child in a family of fourteen children, and 
 losing his mother when five years old, the family became scattered, and John went 
 to live with a farmer, named Luther Stearns. The two did not get along very ami- 
 cably together, and before John had reached his twelfth year, without the consent 
 of anybody but himself, he suddenly dissolved the partnership. He continued to 
 work by the month or day at anything which turned up, until fifteen years of age, 
 when, by dint of self-instruction, he had prepared himself to teach a district 
 school. The vocation of a teacher he followed during the winter season, until

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 559 
 
 eighteen years of age. Meantime, by the aid of a classical teacher, he acquired 
 at Plattsburgh and Chazy Village, a good knowledge of the Latin and some 
 knowledge of the Greek languages. Mr. Van Arman commenced the study of 
 law at Plattsburgh, under William Swetland, and finished at Troy, under George 
 Gould, afterward judge of the court of appeals. He went to New York city, was 
 admitted to the bar, and immediately came westward, as far as Michigan, and 
 settled in Marshall. There he practiced until 1858, when he removed to Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Van Arman was first brought prominently into public notice as a lawyer 
 in 1851, when he was employed by the Michigan Central Railroad Company in 
 the great railroad conspiracy case, as it was called, when forty men were tried for 
 repeatedly throwing the cars off the track, burning depots, etc. James A. Van 
 Dyke and Mr. Van Arman had control of the case for the prosecution, with 
 several other lawyers as assistants, and Hon. William H. Seward, and perhaps a 
 dozen others for defendants. The trial lasted four months; twelve persons were 
 convicted and sent to the penitentiary, and three others, under trial, died before 
 it ended. It was a severe test of physical endurance, and Mr. Van Dyke died 
 only a short time afterward, and it was believed by some of his associates in the 
 trial, that his death was caused by over exertion on that memorable occasion. Mr. 
 Van Arman stood up heroically through it all, and his two days' speech made on 
 that occasion, may be found in the history of that trial, which made a volume of 
 seven hundred or eight hundred pages. 
 
 In 1858 Mr. Van Arman settled in Chicago, and was of the firm of Walker, 
 Van Arman and Dexter, until 1862, when he raised a regiment of infantry, the 
 i27th Illinois, went into the field, and remained about a year, when his health 
 having failed, he resigned. He traveled a while for his benefit, and in the course 
 of a year and a half or two years, he resumed his practice in this city. He is of 
 the firm of Van Arman and Gordon, his partner being A. H. Gordon. 
 
 Since becoming a resident of Chicago, Mr. Van Arman has been engaged in 
 several noted criminal trials, but we shall mention only three or four. One of 
 them was that of Jamperts, accused of murdering his mistress, and known as the 
 barrel case, because the remains of the woman were packed in a barrel. Mr. Van 
 Arman was counsel for the defense and cleared Jamperts on the second trial. 
 Another was the Burch divorce case, in which our subject was attorney for the 
 plaintiff, and which case he ultimately won. Still another was the case of Van- 
 derpool, tried for the murder of Field. Mr. Vanderpool had been tried and con- 
 victed in Michigan, and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but on a second trial 
 the jury could not agree, and on a third he was acquitted. At the close of the 
 second trial, it was so plain to Mr. Van Arman what the result would be that he 
 took no part in it. 
 
 Our subject has been employed in many other criminal trials, in which he has 
 acquitted himself with great honor, and which have extended his reputation as an 
 attorney and advocate. Many of the speeches made by Mr. Van Arman before a 
 jury have been published, and most of them are marked by great strength of logic.
 
 560 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Van Arman was attorney for four years, for the Chicago, Burlington and 
 Quincy Railroad Company, but has never, we believe, held a political office of 
 any kind. In the days when Michigan was a democratic state, he was repeatedly 
 urged to accept a nomination for congress, but he steadfastly refused to comply 
 with the wishes of his then political confreres. He left the democratic party on 
 the breaking out of the civil war. 
 
 Mr. Van Arman was joined in wedlock in March, 1841, with Miss Amanda Con- 
 vis, daughter of Gen. Ezra Convis, speaker of the Michigan house of representa- 
 tives at the time of his death, in 1837, and they have had three children, only one 
 of them, Helen Z., the wife of James Bradish of Colorado, now living. Mrs. Van 
 Arman has a good deal of artistic taste, and amuses herself more or less in land- 
 scape and other painting. Her work shows decided talent in that direction. 
 
 SAMUEL APPLETON. 
 
 SAMUEL APPLETON was born at Boston, Massachusetts, November 25, 1842, 
 and is a son of Samuel A. Appleton, a well known and prominent merchant 
 of that city. His mother was Julia (Webster) Appleton, a daughter of Daniel 
 Webster. He was educated primarily in the Boston schools, and graduated from 
 Yale College. He was in college when the late war broke out, and left to join 
 the I2th Mass. Inf., in the summer of 1861. That regiment was commanded by 
 his uncle, Col. Fletcher Webster. During his first year of service he was advanced 
 to the rank of lieutenant, which position he retained until he was mustered out 
 on account of his ill health, when he returned to Yale College, completed his 
 course, and graduated in 1863, when he entered the Harvard Law School, where 
 he graduated, and was admitted to the bar in 1870, since which time he has been 
 practicing in Chicago, doing a general business. 
 
 In 1872 he married Anna M. Jones, of Boston, and by her has two sons and 
 two daughters. 
 
 HORATIO L. WAIT. 
 
 HORATIO LOOMIS WAIT, master in chancery of the circuit court of Cook 
 county, is a native of the city of New York, dating his birth August 8, 
 1836. His father, Joseph Wait, was a merchant in that city. His grandfather, 
 Marmaduke Wait, served in the second war with England, and his great-grand- 
 father, Joseph Wait, of Vermont, was a colonel in the first war serving under Gen. 
 Ethan Allen. The mother of Horatio was Harriet Heileman Whitney, a native 
 of Boston, Massachusetts. She is still living. Her husband died years ago at 
 Jersey City, New Jersey. 
 
 Mr. Wait was educated at Columbia College grammar school; came to Chi- 
 cago in 1856; read law with Joseph N. Barker, but before being admitted to
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 561 
 
 practice, civil war having broken out, he entered the navy, and remained there for 
 nine years, joining the European squadron after peace was declared. 
 
 Mr. Wait left the navy in 1870, and in the same year was admitted to the bar, 
 and opened an office in Chicago, soon finding a good business on his hands. In 
 1876 he was appointed master in chancery, and since that date has made a spe- 
 cialty of chancery practice. He ignores politics almost entirely, and attends exclu- 
 sively to the study and duties of his profession. A gentleman who knows Mr. 
 Wait well, thus writes to the editor of this work: Mr. H. L. Wait is a polished 
 gentleman, a scholar of unusual attainments, and a conversationalist of marked 
 ability. He has also been an extensive traveler. As a lawyer he is well read, of 
 excellent judgment, and of unimpeachable integrity. He has for some years 
 occupied the position of master in chancery of the circuit court of Cook county, 
 by the appointment of the judges of that court. 
 
 Mr. Wait is a vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Hyde Park, and a man 
 of high standing in the community. 
 
 In 1860 he was joined in marriage with Chara Conant Long, daughter of 
 James Long of Chicago, and they have two children, both sons. 
 
 EDWARD L. BARBER. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Rhode Island, and was born in 
 Hopkinton, May 20, 1843. His father was Lillibridge Barber, a cotton 
 manufacturer and a leading citizen of Hopkinton. His grandfather was Col. 
 Edward Barber, a well known politician and office-holder. His mother was 
 Thankful (Lillibridge) Barber, a daughter of Amos Lillibridge, a prominent and 
 wealthy citizen of Richmond, Rhode Island. Edward's parents settled at Dela- 
 van, Wisconsin, in 1854, whence his father went to Edgerton, Rock county, Wis- 
 consin, and purchased a large part of the town site, and to him is largely due 
 the beauty of that place. He was extensively engaged in farming and brick 
 making, and Edward L. was kept in charge of the brick-yard. 
 
 In 1863, Edward engaged in the recruiting service, and in the following year 
 enlisted in the 4oth Wis. Vol. Inf. He had charge of the Rollo Road picket line, 
 under Gen. C. C. Washburn, and was afterward in charge of the Memphis and 
 Charleston railroad line. 
 
 He graduated from Milton College, Wisconsin, in 1865, and was honored by 
 being chosen to deliver the valedictory address. He studied law with Carter, 
 Pitkin and Davis. Mr. Carter, at the present time, is the law partner of ex-Gov. 
 Chamberlain, in New York city, and during the war was at the head of the 
 Christian commission in the army. Mr. Pitkin is the present governor of Colo- 
 rado. Mr. Barber was admitted to the bar of Wisconsin, May 16, 1866, before 
 Hon. Arthur McArthur, the circuit judge at Milwaukee. He immediately began 
 to practice in Milwaukee, and continued there about one year. He then spent
 
 562 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 two years traveling through the various states and territories of the Union, after 
 which he settled in Chicago, and entered upon the practice of his profession in 
 the office of Bates and Tousley. Mr. Bates was afterward United States attorney 
 for the territory of Utah. He was afterward in business with Garrison, Anderson 
 and Eastman, up to the time of the great fire of 1871, when he was burned out, 
 suffering the loss, among other things, of a valuable library. Since that time he 
 has been in business for himself, with good success. He is attorney for several 
 corporations, and also has a large chancery practice. Mr. Barber is a gentleman 
 of fine personal appearance, sociability and courtesy, and attracts to himself many 
 friends. He was married October 24, 1872, to Miss Annie Shaw, of Bangor, 
 Maine, an estimable and highly educated and refined lady. 
 
 GEORGE SCOVILLE. 
 
 DURING the celebrated trial of Charles J. Guiteau for the assassination of 
 James A. Garfield, President of the United States, the name of George Sco- 
 ville became familiar to the English-reading public. He is a native of New York 
 state, and was born October 10, 1824, and is now fifty-eight years of age, and a 
 man of medium size and height. His head is bald, and exposes clearly to view 
 his phrenological developments. His perceptive faculties are fairly developed, 
 while his forehead recedes as it extends upward from the eyes. He has very 
 large firmness, a fair amount of combativeness and secretiveness, large amative- 
 ness, philoprogenitiveness and continuity, with small veneration and full eventu- 
 ality and acquisitiveness. He is a quiet, unpretending person, but not reticent. 
 His eyes are small, jet black and penetrating. He is courteous and extremely 
 easy in his manners, and a stranger could hardly realize, while in his presence, 
 that he is the resolute man who fought so many days, in the face of a multitude 
 of obstacles, in the defense of his notorious client, Guiteau. 
 
 When twelve years old, Mr. Scoville moved from New York to Ohio, and, to 
 use his own expression, " roved around there in the woods until eighteen years 
 of age." He then pursued an academic course of study preparatory to entering 
 college, defraying his expenses by working, and in 1846 entered Yale College in 
 a class of fifty members. At the end of the second term, his means having 
 become exhausted, he was compelled to forego his purpose of pursuing a colle- 
 giate course, and turned his attention to the study of law, and was admitted to 
 the bar at Albany, New York, in the summer of 1848. During the next three 
 years he traveled about in various portions of the West, and finally, in April, 
 1851, settled in Chicago, where he has since remained in the uninterrupted prac- 
 tice of the law. 
 
 Respecting Mr. Scoville's connection with the defense of President Garfield's 
 assassin, it is but just and due to state that it was not of his own seeking. He 
 was in Washington two days after the tragedy, but not wishing to be involved in
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 563 
 
 the defense of Guiteau, avoided all reference to the subject, hoping that an attor- 
 ney would be assigned. After returning to Chicago, he received a telegram from 
 Col. Corkhill, district attorney at Washington, requesting him to conduct the 
 defense; but so reluctant was he to do so, that he waited three days before reply- 
 ing, and consented only at the earnest entreaty and solicitation of his wife. The 
 ability and skill displayed in the defense of this celebrated case are too familiar 
 to require comment. As a lawyer, Mr. Scoville ranks high, and honors his pro- 
 fession; while as a social and genial gentleman and companion, he is esteemed 
 and respected by all who know him. 
 
 JOHN C. BARKER. 
 
 JOHN CLARKE BARKER was born March i, 1833, at Windsor, Kennebec 
 county, Maine, the son of Oliver C. and Caroline L. Barker, both of whom were 
 natives of the state of Maine, where they resided, engaged in active agricultural, 
 industrial and mercantile pursuits until the fall of 1844, when they, with the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, as their eldest child, and his two brothers and two sisters, 
 removed to Illinois, passing through Chicago, then a city of less than ten thou- 
 sand inhabitants, to Lee Center, Lee county, where a farm was purchased, and 
 on which our subject learned to be a good farmer. His father died at Chicago 
 in 1881. His mother, a brother and two sisters, with families, all reside in Chi- 
 cago, and are all desirably connected in church, social and business circles. The 
 family comprises seven children in all, one brother and one sister having been 
 born in Illinois. 
 
 John C. was educated at Rock River Seminary, Rockford Commercial Col- 
 lege and the Chicago Law College. He was a teacher in district, select and 
 graded schools for a few years, and obtained his education chiefly by his indi- 
 vidual efforts and under many difficulties. His tastes inclined him to the profes- 
 sion of the law or medicine, while the desire of his parents, especially his mother, 
 was that he should enter the ministry. He read the different systems of medi- 
 cal science for a year, and was impressed that there was much of humbug 
 and less of science in it. He read the elementary authors in law, and became an 
 admirer and student. After thorough reading, while a teacher, and subsequent 
 practical experience in diffarent law offices, and a course of one year at the Chi- 
 cago Law School, he passed a highly creditable examination before the state 
 board of examination in August, 1865, at Chicago, where he commenced practice, 
 and has been in active practice ever since as a general practitioner. He has 
 been a member of the Law Institute and of the Bar Association for many years, 
 and prepares his cases in the courts with much care and ability. He is a good 
 pleader and a good advocate, and secures the attention, respect and confidence 
 of both court and jury. His record and standing as a lawyer during the last 
 eighteen years in Chicago is unimpeached and unimpeachable. He has the 
 respect and confidence of the entire bench, the bar and the public. 
 58
 
 564 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He was a lieutenant in the military service of his country in the last war and 
 served faithfully as a soldier. He represented North Chicago as a legislator in the 
 twenty-ninth general assembly with credit and honor to himself and his constitu- 
 ents. Speaking of his services as a legislator, the Chicago " Evening Journal " of 
 that date says: "He believes in work, and may be regarded as a working mem- 
 ber in the legislature. In the discussion of a question he ranks among the ablest 
 debaters on the floor. He is logical, clear and forcible in debate, and uses the 
 choicest language in the expression of his thoughts." Also the " Inland Maga- 
 zine," published at Chicago and St. Louis, says: "During his term of service he 
 proved himself a ready debater, and, better than all, a painstaking worker in 
 committees. He introduced many bills having reference to the practice in courts 
 and to the jurisprudence of the state, and is classed among those to whom the 
 house delights to listen, because he never speaks without having something to 
 say, and never takes his seat without having instructed his auditors. He is emi- 
 nently a progressive man, of fine personal appearance, and polished address." 
 Mr. Barker has served two years as worshipful master of Waubansia Lodge, No. 
 1 60, A.F. and A.M., and has served one year as dictator of Lincoln Park Lodge, 
 No. 2,620, Knights of Honor. He is a member, and for many years has been an 
 officer, and is now the president of the board of trustees of Grant Place Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Church. In politics he has always been a republican, and when 
 a boy was a "whig, like his father." 
 
 He married Miss Elizabeth E. Vaughn, in Chicago, in 1869, and has two chil- 
 dren: John V., eleven, and Sarah L., nine years of age, attending the Lincoln 
 school. During the past year (1882) Mr. Barker has been a great sufferer from 
 sciatica, and his physicians advise that he abandon his professional practice for a 
 few years, and he has with reluctance consented, and has been recommended 
 by the judges of Cook county, nominated by the governor, and confirmed by the 
 senate a justice of the peace in and for North Chicago. 
 
 GEORGE A. FOLLANSBEE. 
 
 EORGE A. FOLLANSBEE, of the firm of Schuyler and Follansbee, was 
 vJT born in Cook county, Illinois, near Chicago, February 26, 1843. His 
 father, Horatio N. Follansbee, a farmer, was a native of Uxbridge, Massachu- 
 setts, and came to Cook county in 1835. His mother was Emeline Sherman, who 
 came from Whitesboro, Oneida county, New York, to Cook county, this state, in 
 1833, the year after the Black Hawk war, and when Chicago had less than one 
 thousand inhabitants. 
 
 Mr. Follansbee finished his literary education at Lawrence University, Apple- 
 ton, Wisconsin, being of the class of 1865; took his course of legal studies at 
 Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, whence he was graduated in 
 February, 1867, and commenced the practice of law in Chicago on the seventeenth
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 565 
 
 day of the following month. He became a member of the firm of Schuyler and 
 Follansbee on the withdrawal of Hon. George Gardner from the firm of Gardner 
 and Schuyler, Mr. Gardner having been elected judge of the superior court of 
 Cook county. The firm of Schuyler and Follansbee practices law in all its 
 branches, and probably there is no firm of two members in Chicago doing a 
 larger business than it. 
 
 The residence of Mr. Follansbee is on Indiana avenue, just beyond the city 
 limits, in the township of Hyde Park, and he has held several important offices 
 in that village. He is also at present a trustee of the Illinois Industrial Univer- 
 sity, at Champaign. In politics he is a republican; in religious belief a Unitarian, 
 and attends the Church of the Messiah. 
 
 On April 14, 1869, Mr. Follansbee married Susie D., daughter of Dr. M. M. 
 Davis, of Baraboo, Wisconsin, and they have six children. 
 
 NOBLE B. JUDAH. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a native of Indiana, and was born at Vin- 
 cennes, September 7, 1851. His father, Samuel Judah, of the same city, was 
 a prominent lawyer at the bar of Indiana, having been one of the pioneers of the 
 state, and at one time United States district attorney. On the maternal side our 
 subject is the grandson of Armstrong Brandon, one of the early settlers of 
 Indiana. Young Judah took his preparatory course for college at the Indiana 
 State University at Bloomington, and subsequently entered Brown University at 
 Providence, from which he graduated in September 1872. 
 
 Mr. Judah's early life was passed partly in the law office of his father, but 
 mostly on the old homestead farm adjoining Vincennes, belonging to his mother, 
 preferring out of door life, it being more congenial to his tastes, than the confine- 
 ment incident to a professional career, until maturer age brought an ambition to 
 follow in the footsteps of his father. Immediately after leaving Brown University 
 he went to study law in the law office of his brother, John M. Judah, at Indianap- 
 olis. But seeing the opportunities for the young and enterprising in the great 
 metropolis of the Northwest, he was inclined to remove to Chicago, and accord- 
 ingly did so, though he was at that time acquainted with but two persons in the 
 city, but he fortunately obtained a place to study his profession, in the office of 
 Hitchcock and Dupee, one of the ablest firms of lawyers practicing in Chicago. 
 He spent the following two years studying in their law office with the exception of 
 one term spent at the law department of Michigan University, and at the end of 
 the two years was admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Illinois. Soon 
 afterward he became a member of the firm of Hitchcock and Dupee, under style 
 of Hitchcock, Dupee and Judah. By the death of Mr. Hitchcock, in 1881, the 
 firm became, and still is, Dupee and Judah. 
 
 In politics Mr. Judah is, and has always been a pronounced republican, his
 
 566 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 father, and especially his mother before him, having been most earnest abolition- 
 ists, at a time when to hold or express their views on the subject of slavery in 
 southern Indiana was far from being popular. 
 
 In 1878 Mr. Judah married the youngest daughter of Benjamin P. Hutchinson, 
 of Chicago, an old and well known citizen of the city, having been one of the 
 largest and most successful operators upon the board of trade. Mr. Judah is a 
 young man of many social qualities, and possesses business qualifications of a high 
 order, being honorable and upright in all his relations in society. He is an easy 
 and fluent speaker, and a good advocate, a safe counselor and able lawyer, and a 
 good citizen, and being young in years has before him personally and profession- 
 ally a bright future. 
 
 JUDGE LUCIUS B. OTIS. 
 
 ECIUS BOLLES OTIS, a native of Montville, New London county, Connect- 
 icut, was born March 12, 1820, and is the son of Joseph Otis, and Nancy 
 (Billings) Otis. Lucius was two years old when his parents removed to Berlin, 
 Ohio, and he there attended the district school, dividing his time between study 
 and farm work till eighteen years of age, when he attended the Huron Institute 
 at Milan, Ohio, later the Norwalk, Ohio, Institute and Granville College, and 
 afterward began the study of law with Sturgis and Whitbeck, of Norwalk, Ohio. 
 During the winter of 1840-41 he attended the law school at Cincinnati, Ohio, and 
 upon his return to Norwalk was admitted to the bar by the supreme court. Soon 
 after he established himself in Lower Sandusky, now Fremont, Sandusky county, 
 Ohio, and began the practice of his profession, meeting with good success. He 
 was elected prosecuting attorney in October, 1842, and served in that capacity 
 till 1850, being reflected every two years. In 1851, upon the adoption of the new 
 constitution of Ohio, he was elected judge of the court of common pleas, his cir- 
 cuit comprising the counties of Huron, Erie, Sandusky, Ottawa and Lucas. Dur- 
 ing his term of office he did a vast amount of work, often holding court ten 
 months of the year, and besides, sat as one of the judges of the district court. 
 In 1850, in connection with Sardis Birchard, he established the banking house of 
 Birchard and Otis, at Fremont, Ohio. The enterprise proved successful, and in 
 1864 developed into the First National Bank of Fremont, Ohio. At the expira- 
 tion of his judgeship, in 1856, Mr. Otis, having accumulated considerable means, 
 and believing that Chicago was destined to become the great city of the West, 
 removed thither, arriving December 9. He at once began operating in real 
 estate, buying, building and renting, and exercising that tact, judgment and 
 sagacity that had always marked his course, met with remarkable success, and is 
 now among the large real estate owners of the city. As a real estate dealer his 
 ability and judgment are universally acknowledged. He was chosen president 
 of the company that constructed the Grand Pacific Hotel, and after its destruc- 
 tion personally attended to its financial interests, and had a general oversight in 
 its rebuilding.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 567 
 
 As a citizen Judge Otis takes a prominent and leading stand, while his fine 
 and varied literary attainments and refined social qualities make him a most 
 agreeable companion. He has been for many years a prominent layman in the 
 Episcopal church, and is held among the ablest canon lawyers, having devoted 
 much time to the study of that subject. His early political views, like those of 
 his father, were democratic. His business, however, was of such a nature as to 
 preclude him from taking an active part in political matters. In 1860 he became 
 a supporter of Abraham Lincoln, and was deeply interested in the Union cause 
 during the civil war. In 1872 he allowed his name to be used upon the liberal 
 ticket, as candidate for congress in opposition to the regular republican candi- 
 date, John B. Rice. Though not elected, he ran four hundred votes ahead of his 
 ticket. He has since continued to act with the democratic party. 
 
 September 18, 1877, Judge Otis was appointed by the circuit court of Cook 
 county, Illinois, receiver of The State Savings Institution, which had recently 
 failed, owing about $3,000,000 to thirteen thousand depositors. His bond as 
 receiver was fixed- by the court at $2,000,000, and ten bondsmen came into court 
 and signed the bond on the day of his appointment. After five and a half years 
 of continuous hard labor in this work, Judge Otis succeeded in repaying to the 
 depositors about fifty per cent of this large indebtedness, and honorably closed 
 the receivership, when at the time the institution failed it was not believed by 
 competent business men in Chicago that over fifteen or twenty per cent could be 
 realized. 
 
 Judge Otis was married, in 1844, to Miss Lydia Ann Arnold, of East Green- 
 wich, Rhode Island, daughter of Nathan Allen Arnold, of North Kingston, Rhode 
 Island. They have had eight children, seven of whom are now living. The 
 oldest son, George L. Otis, a prominent business man, is at present vice-president 
 of the Commercial National Bank of Chicago. Xavier L. Otis, the second son, 
 is a young man of marked ability and promise. 
 
 THOMAS G. WINDES. 
 
 THOMAS GUILFORD WINDES is a native of Morgan county, Alabama, 
 dating his birth January 19, 1848. His father was Rev. Enoch Windes, a 
 Baptist minister, of Scotch extraction, the progenitor of the family in this country 
 coming over prior to the revolution. His mother, before her marriage was Mary 
 Ann Ryan, who was of Irish descent, and whose family was among the pioneers 
 in settling Kentucky. Members of both families fought for the independence of 
 the colonies. Thomas received an academic education at Huntsville, Alabama, 
 and was engaged in farming until sixteen years of age, when he joined a cavalry 
 regiment in the confederate army under Gen. Forrest, serving till near the close 
 of the war. Mr. Windes read law at Huntsville, with Beirne and Gordon; attended 
 the law school at the University of Virginia, in 1867 and 1868, after which he
 
 568 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 taught school until he was admitted to the bar at Jasper, Tennessee, in 1870, 
 but before commencing to practice was engaged for two years in the mer- 
 cantile business and the management of a farm in the state last mentioned. In 
 June, 1872, his knee was broken by a fall from a horse, and expecting to be a 
 cripple for life, in September, 1872, he came to Chicago, for one year was in divers 
 employments, and from September 1873 was a law clerk, to the summer of 1875, 
 when he was admitted to the bar in Illinois, and entered upon the active practice 
 of his profession in this city, and is doing business in the several courts of the 
 state. He is of the firm of Windes and Sullivan, his partner being Alexander 
 Sullivan. In November, 1880, Mr. Windes was appointed master in chancery of 
 the circuit court of Cook county, and still holds that position. 
 
 In politics, though a democrat, he takes no part, but gives his time very assid- 
 uously to the practice of the law, and his duties as master in chancery. He holds 
 his religious connection with the Western Avenue Baptist Church, Chicago, his 
 residence, however, being at Winnetka. 
 
 Mr. Windes married in 1868 Sallie C., daughter of B. P. Humphrey, a widely 
 known planter, of Madison county, Alabama, and they have five children. 
 
 SYLVESTER R. KEOGH. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch, a native of Ireland, was born in the village of 
 Carrick, in County Wexford, the son of Patrick Keogh and Catherine 
 (Welsh) Keogh. His paternal ancestors, back through many generations, figured 
 successively in the various uprisings of the Irish people for liberty, his grand- 
 father being an active participant, while his father acted with the O'Brien party 
 in the rebellion of 1848. The mother of our subject was descended on her 
 mother's side, from English and French families, the Brighams and Revels, who 
 settled in Dublin soon after the revolution of 1798. They, too, were liberty- 
 loving people, and among them were many who were prominent in Ireland's 
 revolts against English rule and oppression. 
 
 Patrick Keogh, who in his own country conducted a general manufacturing 
 business, immigrated with his family to America in 1851, and settled at Toronto 
 in the province of Ontario, where for several years he was engaged in a success- 
 ful boot and shoe and dry-goods trade. He afterward removed to New York city, 
 and engaged in the same line of business, and besides in the retail trade, which 
 under the name of Keogh and Sons, grew to large proportions. Mr. Keogh con- 
 tinued in active business until about 1873, when he retired from the firm. He 
 was a man of true merit, courteous and affable in manner, upright, prompt and 
 honorable in his dealings, firm in his adherence to principle, and true in his 
 friendships, a fair type of the Irish gentleman. He continued active until shortly 
 before his death, which occurred January 30, 1881, and so well and favorably was 
 he known, that all the leading papers in New York paid him befitting obituary 
 tributes, as a just and upright citizen, a kind parent and an honest man.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 569 
 
 His wife, who had been his confiding and loving companion for nearly forty 
 years, survived him but six months, never rallying from the shock caused by 
 his death. She died September i, 1881. Both belonged to the old Roman Cath- 
 olic families, and through their long lives were firm and consistent believers in 
 the faith and doctrines of that church. 
 
 Mr. Keogh has four brothers, all of whom are prominent business men in New 
 York city, where they are esteemed for their upright and manly dealing. One of 
 them, John W. Keogh, was, in 1882, appointed by Gov. Cornell, librarian of the 
 New York senate, and confirmed by the unanimous vote of that body. 
 
 Mr. Keogh received his early education at Toronto, Canada, under the train- 
 ing of the Christian Brothers, in a select school, known as St. Peter's Parochial 
 College, from which he graduated after an attendance of about ten years. After 
 closing his studies, being then sixteen years of age, he was engaged in business 
 with his father in New York, and continued in the mercantile trade until the 
 affairs of the firm were closed in 1873. During these years of active business 
 life he developed marked executive ability, and became known as an energetic 
 and careful business man. It was while thus engaged that Mr. Keogh decided to 
 gratify a cherished desire, and prepared himself for the practice of the law. 
 Beginning this preparation with Logan and Kane, Wall street, he afterward 
 continued his legal studies in the office of P. and D. Mitchell, eminent lawyers 
 of New York, and in the spring of 1875 was examined before the supreme court 
 in New York and admitted to the bar, standing second in a class of thirty-seven. 
 Having decided to settle in the West, he, in the fall of the following year, 1876, 
 removed to Chicago. Instead of establishing himself at once in his profession, 
 Mr. Keogh, in the furtherance of purposes growing out of political associations 
 which he had formed, organized the Chicago " Sun," an independent paper, 
 which he conducted with marked success, both as a political organ and family 
 newspaper, until the fall of 1878, when he turned his attention to the practice of 
 his profession, opening an office at No. 91 Madison street. In his practice he has 
 been called into many prominent cases both in the civil and criminal courts, and 
 has established for himself a professional character and reputation of which he 
 may justly be proud. Possessing personal and social qualities of the highest 
 order, he has attracted to himself a large circle of warm friends and admirers, 
 among whom he is known as a most genial companion and true friend. 
 
 As a lawyer he possesses a comprehensive mind, which, with his ready wit, 
 clear memory of facts, vivid imagination and command of language, renders him 
 an entertaining and effective advocate. He is a man of large stature and com- 
 manding presence, a fine representative of the race from which he springs. Ever 
 ready to champion the cause of the weak and oppressed, his heart and sympathies 
 have been readily enlisted in all local movements organized to alleviate the suf- 
 ferings of his native land, or further the interests of the Irish people. 
 
 Since coming to Chicago he has been an active political worker, and although 
 positions of trust have been tendered him, he has uniformly declined their accep-
 
 57O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 tance, choosing to devote himself to the pursuit of his legitimate profession. He 
 is a firm believer in republican institutions, and is ever ready to raise his hand 
 and voice in the maintenance of law and good government. During the riots of 
 1877 he enrolled as a member of the ist cavalry regiment organized in Chicago, 
 and until August, 1882, when the term of his enlistment expired, stood by the 
 organization, promptly responding to every call of the command. 
 
 Mr. Keogh is still a young man, and in the strength and vigor of a sturdy 
 manhood, turning from his clean record of the past, with its satisfactory achieve- 
 ments, he may hopefully look to a successful future that awaits every man of 
 ability and perseverance. 
 
 ALEXANDER McCOY. 
 
 ALEXANDER McCOY is of Scotch descent, and was born in West Findley 
 L\. township, Washington county, Pennsylvania. At the classical school, under 
 the instruction of Rev. Dr. McCloskey and others, Alexander was prepared to enter 
 the junior class, " half advanced," at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in the 
 fall of 1842. Having spent some time after graduating in teaching at home, and 
 subsequently as teacher of languages in Vermillion Institute at Hayesville, Ohio, 
 he entered as a student of law in the office of Given and Barcraft, Millersburgh, 
 Ohio, and was admitted to the bar of that state during the winter of 1849-50. 
 He removed to Peoria, Illinois, March 18, 1850. On February i, 1851, he com- 
 menced the practice of law in company with Henry Grove, under the firm name 
 of Grove and McCoy. 
 
 In the fall of 1856 he was elected state's attorney for the then sixteenth judi- 
 cial district, for a term of four years. The duties of his office, together with the 
 increased labor of his partnership, proved too much for his health, and a hem- 
 orrhage from the lungs compelled a dissolution of his partnership in 1858. His 
 health gradually improving, he continued to discharge the duties of prosecutor 
 in his district with such ability and fidelity that at the expiration of this term, he 
 was in 1860 reflected for another term of four years. Still continuing to improve 
 in health, in 1861 he formed a partnership with Hon. N. H. Purple, an ex-judge 
 of the supreme court of the state, whose term of office had expired, under the 
 firm name of Purple and McCoy. This partnership continued until dissolved by 
 the death of Judge Purple in August 1863. In the fall of 1864 he was elected to 
 the legislature of the state. During the session of the legislature of 1865 he was 
 awarded the chairmanship of the committee on judiciary, thus giving him the 
 first place upon the floor of the house. In the spring of 1867 he formed a part- 
 nership with Judge M. Williamson and John S. Stevens, under the firm name of 
 Williamson and Stevens. This partnership was dissolved by the death of Judge 
 Williamson in 1868, after which the business was carried on under the name of 
 McCoy and Stevens. Their business was large and lucrative, embracing not only
 
 H-C.Ccopev Jr I To
 
 THE BENCH AND BAK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 573 
 
 the practice in the courts of the surrounding counties, but in the supreme court 
 of the state and the circuit and district courts of the United States at Chicago. 
 In May, 1871, he removed to Chicago and entered into partnership with George 
 L. Harding. 
 
 In the year 1872 Louis Grant Pratt, a lawyer of great experience, force and 
 remarkable quickness of perception, became associated with him and Mr. Harding, 
 under the firm name of Harding, McCoy and Pratt. At the expiration of the 
 year 1875 Mr. Harding went out of the firm, after which time the business was 
 carried on by McCoy and Pratt, under the name of McCoy and Pratt. From 
 this time on their business increased rapidly. His partner, Mr. Pratt, September 
 23, 1 88 1, was suddenly taken from his side by heart disease, which broke up a 
 partnership peculiarly fitted for the practice of law, and pleasant in all its rela- 
 tions. Wedded to the law, we still find Mr. McCoy at his post, early and late, 
 practicing his profession, taking care of the large practice of his late firm. 
 
 ROBERT B. KENDALL. 
 
 ROBERT B. KENDALL was born January 31, 1842, in Freeport, Cumber- 
 land county, Maine, and is the eldest son of Robert P. Kendall, who is a 
 son of Robert R. Kendall, late of Freeport, and a descendant of Francis Ken- 
 dall, who emigrated from England about the year 1640, and settled in what is 
 now the town of Woburn, near Boston, Massachusetts. Mr. Kendall's father 
 moved to Bridgton, Maine, in 1849, where he resided during the boyhood of the 
 subject of this sketch. Mr. Kendall received his early education in the public 
 schools and at Bridgton Academy, but at the age of nineteen, upon the breaking 
 out of the war of the rebellion, he left school and enlisted as a private soldier in 
 Co. H, 5th. Me. Inf., in which regiment he participated in the disastrous battle 
 of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, where he was taken prisoner. After nearly eleven 
 months of imprisonment in Richmond, New Orleans and Salisbury, North Caro- 
 lina, he was paroled, and after an exchange of prisoners was effected, rejoined 
 his regiment, and was in the battles of Fredericksburgh and Chancellorsville, at 
 which latter battle he was severely wounded and incapacitated for duty for over 
 a year. 
 
 Partially recovering, however, he reentered the service again in the winter of 
 1865, as adjutant of the i2th Me. Inf., and served with that regiment until he was 
 finally mustered out in March 1866. Immediately after the close of the war he 
 began the study of law, pursuing his studies in an office in Bridgton, and after- 
 ward at Harvard Law School, and in the office of Leonard A. Jones, in Boston. 
 He was admitted to the bar in Boston in 1868, and practiced in that city until 
 1876, when he came to Chicago as attorney for the Union Mutual Life Insurance 
 Company, and was engaged exclusively for that corporation until the winter of 
 1880, since which time he has been in general practice. 
 61
 
 574 
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Kendall is a republican, but has taken no active part in politics, being 
 devoted to his profession. He was married in Boston in 1870. Mr. Kendall is 
 one of the most accomplished of the younger lawyers practicing at the Chicago 
 bar. He aims to be thorough in all that he undertakes, and possesses a sound, 
 practical judgment in all matters pertaining to his profession. He is reputed to 
 be very adroit in the management of his cases. He is doing a general law busi- 
 ness, but gives especial attention to chancery cases, in which branch of practice 
 he has had considerable experience, and is an expert. Mr. Kendall is a gentleman 
 of refinement and culture, is courteous and obliging, sustains an excellent charac- 
 ter, and has the confidence of the courts before whom he practices, as well as the 
 good will of his brethren at the bar, and the admiration of his clients. 
 
 WILLIAM W. GURLEY. 
 
 WILLIAM W. GURLEY, one of the younger members of the Chicago bar, 
 was born at Mount Gilead, Morrow county, Ohio, January 27, 1851. His 
 father, John J. Gurley, was a prominent lawyer in that section of Ohio; was pro- 
 bate judge, prosecuting attorney, member of the legislature, member of the con- 
 stitutional convention of 1872, and has held other positions of honor and trust. 
 William W. was educated at the Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, where he 
 graduated in 1870. He was superintendent of public schools at Seville, Ohio, in 
 1871-2. While engaged in teaching, he read law in his father's office, and was 
 admitted to the bar in June 1873. 
 
 In September, 1874, he came to Chicago, and formed a copartnership with 
 Col. J. S. Cooper in 1876, and has since been successfully engaged in general 
 practice. He is a man of ability, faithfulness and integrity, and has first-class 
 clientage. He is a genial and manly gentleman. 
 
 HENRY S. TOWLE. 
 
 HENRY S. TOWLE was born October 10, 1842, in Mishawaka, Indiana, and 
 is the son of Gilman Towle, a large property owner and leading citizen 
 Henry S. attended the high school at Mishawaka, and also at Valparaiso, Indiana, 
 and was about entering college in 1862, when he became connected with the 
 sanitary expedition, sent out by Gov. Morton for the relief of the soldiers from 
 Indiana in the Southwest, in which capacity he served about one year, when he 
 was sent to Washington in the same capacity, where he was for some time engaged 
 in the service of his native state. In 1867 he entered the law department of the 
 University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, graduating in 1869, and immediately there- 
 after removed to Chicago and began practice. He was for a time in the office of 
 Arrington and Dent, after which he became a member of the firm of Goodwin,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 575 
 
 Larned and Towle, which afterward became Goodwin, Offield and Towle, and 
 since 1879 has been Offield and Towle. Mr. Towle has played no inconsiderable 
 part in the building up of the large and lucrative practice of this firm and in 
 contributing to their success, and is esteemed for his many good qualities of mind 
 and character as well as honesty and perfect uprightness. As a lawyer he is 
 industrious, able and successful, and has won the love and respect of his asso- 
 ciates at the bar. He is a close student, and rarely fails to reach conclusions 
 which are sustained. His ability, honesty and industry are recognized and ap- 
 preciated, not only in Chicago, but by some of the most eminent counsel in various 
 parts of the United States, whom he represents in their western business. He 
 deservedly ranks high in his branch of the law. 
 
 He is a republican in politics, but for years has taken no active part therein. 
 He is, and has been for nine years, a trustee of the Northwestern University, and 
 is prominently identified with the interests of that institution, and is one 
 of the board of management of the Union College of Law. The cause of 
 education has no more earnest advocate than Mr. Towle, and in all things tending 
 to its advancement or benefit he takes an active interest, doing all he can to raise 
 in every way the standard of educational excellence. 
 
 He married in 1868 a daughter of Robert F. Queal, of Evanston, who died in 
 1881, leaving one child. 
 
 Mr. Towle is a Methodist in religion, having been identified with that body for 
 many years. 
 
 HON. GRANT GOODRICH. 
 
 ~ RANT GOODRICH, one of the best known and most distinguished mem- 
 bers of the Chicago bar, distinguished as one of the first and ablest, was 
 born in Milton, Saratoga county, New York, August u, 1812, just after the decla- 
 ration of war by President Madison, against England. His father was Gideon 
 Goodrich, who had eight sons and one daughter. Hence Grant Goodrich's 
 birth occurred during the stirring and exciting times in the early history of 
 the country, when it was new and unsettled, and of course schools were scarce, 
 the country poor, and parents were not able to give their children the advantages 
 of education which parents have since had the opportunity to do. But it is a 
 noteworthy fact, that men born in those times and under such circumstances, sub- 
 sequently became the pioneers in founding the great country which this has 
 become to-day. Among the few of those living to-day is Judge Grant Goodrich, 
 the youngest of the family and the only living representative. He comes from 
 old and excellent New England stock, and hence had all the energy and good 
 qualities of the men who have built up the Great West, descended from an Eng- 
 lishman, William Goodrich, a historic name, who came to this country ten years 
 after the landing of the Mayflower, in 1630, and the descendants became noted 
 citizens in various parts of New England, where many of them reside to this day
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and others have been among the foremost citizens in the West. The father of 
 the subject of this sketch settled in Milton, western New York, soon after marry- 
 ing Eunice Warren, of Rock Hill, Connecticut, where many of the family origi- 
 nally settled. Having purchased large tracts of land in Chautauqua county, New 
 York, the family removed there in 1817, when Grant was but six years of age. 
 His father, appreciating the advantages of education, employed a private tutor 
 for the benefit of his own and his neighbors' children, who occupied a room under 
 his own roof. When ten years of age young Grant went to Westfield, New York, 
 to live with his sister, where he enjoyed the advantages of the higher English 
 branches and the classics, under the tuition of a lawyer of that place. 
 
 Not being physically strong, and predisposed to consumption, it was thought 
 best for him to suspend study, and enter upon a more active out-door life, and to 
 that end, after two years spent in Westfield, he took a few trips on one of the 
 vessels owned by an older brother, who had established himself at Portland Har- 
 bor, on Lake Erie, as a ship owner in the lake trade. His father, in the meantime, 
 removed his family to Portland Harbor. The pure air on the lakes and his man- 
 ual exercise greatly improved his health, and he remained in that employ two 
 years, and laid the foundation for the ripe old age which he has attained, and also 
 gained a practical knowledge of the lake business, which has since been of service 
 to him. He then returned to Westfield and completed his education in the acad- 
 emy there, and at the age of eighteen he entered the law office of Dixon and 
 Smith, where he remained until 1834, when he came to Chicago, and later spent 
 considerable time in traveling through Illinois, and became thoroughly posted in 
 the location and value of lands in northern Illinois, when he returned to Chicago 
 and opened a law office, and, in connection with his practice, engaged extensively 
 in real estate operations. Until 1837 the tide of emigration to Illinois was great, 
 speculation rife; real estate commanded fabulous and unwarrantable prices, and a 
 disastrous crash ensued in that year, and Mr. Goodrich went under with nearly 
 the entire population of the state, and was engulfed to the amount of $60,000, 
 from putting his name to accommodation paper. Many took advantage of the 
 bankrupt law, but he manfully shouldered the burden, which took eighteen of 
 the best years of his life to discharge. His wisdom, firmness and integrity carried 
 him through, however, and he paid, as he always has, dollar for dollar of his own 
 obligations, and eloquently advocated the same policy in public affairs, and was 
 among the foremost in saving the state from threatened repudiation, and secured 
 the payment of every dollar of the public debt, and he has lived to see fruits of 
 his efforts, the state free from debt, with an untarnished reputation, and a full 
 treasury. 
 
 In 1835 he became associated in the law business with the late Giles Spring, 
 which continued until the latter was elected judge of the Cook county court in 
 1851. In 1854 he formed a partnership with W. W. Farwell, since circuit judge 
 of this county, and in 1856 Sidney Smith, now one of the judges of the superior 
 court of this county, was admitted to the firm, which became Goodrich, Farwell
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 577 
 
 and Smith, a very strong law firm, which soon acquired an extensive practice 
 throughout this and the adjoining states. In 1857 his health, from over work of 
 a naturally slender constitution, having become affected, upon the advice of his 
 physician he went to Europe, and remained until the spring of 1859. Upon his 
 return he was elected one of the judges of the superior court, and held the posi- 
 tion for over four years, when he again resumed his place in the same firm, and 
 continued practice. As a judge he ranked among the ablest and best in the 
 Northwest; when he laid aside the ermine it was as clean and unspotted as when 
 he put it on. In 1874 he retired from general practice, giving his attention only 
 to the most important cases. As a lawyer and counselor he has few peers; his 
 ability and wide experience enable him to successfully and accurately resolve the 
 most intricate cases which are presented to him. 
 
 In educational and religious affairs he has for many years been an earnest and 
 effective worker. He is neither bigoted nor self-opinionated, but magnanimous 
 and consistently liberal in all essentials. In connection with Dr. J. Evans, Or- 
 rington Lunt, J. R. Botsford, William Wheeler and Philo Judson, he is the founder 
 and patron of the Northwestern University at Evanston, which, since its founda- 
 tion in 1853, has been in a most flourishing condition, and hardly excelled by any 
 educational institution in the West. 
 
 He has since 1832 been a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 and to his wisdom more than any other is the First Methodist Episcopal Church 
 indebted for its possession of the valuable and productive property, at the corner 
 of Clark and Washington streets, known as the Methodist block, the only house 
 of worship in the heart of the city. The income from the rentals for business 
 purposes is $32,000 per annum, which is largely devoted to the aid of weak sister 
 churches in Chicago. 
 
 In politics Mr. Goodrich was originally a whig, and became one of the earliest 
 champions of the free-soil party, and when that was absorbed in the republican 
 party he joined that, and has always been a consistent anti-slavery advocate. He 
 was a member of the Union Defense Committee during the late war, and an ear- 
 nest advocate of the war measures of the administration of Mr. Lincoln; was also 
 one of the directors of the Freedman's Aid Society. While he is an advocate of 
 temperance he is not of prohibition, believing it essentially impracticable to 
 accomplish and impolitic to attempt. 
 
 He was married in 1836 to Juliet Atwater, of Westfield, New York, by whom 
 he has had four sons and one daughter. Four survive; one son, finely educated 
 and well read in the law, died at the age of twenty-six, mourned by relatives and 
 many friends. His daughter Mary married and settled in St. Louis, but has 
 returned a widow to the paternal mansion. Of the remaining sons one is a man- 
 ufacturer in Boston, one engaged in the practice of the law, and another in the 
 real estate business in Chicago. After several years expended in recovering his 
 losses from the great fire he succeeded in doing so in 1876, though at the expense 
 of the loss of his health, and since then his only efforts to do business are for
 
 578 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 amusement, or rather as a relief to his still active mind. Grant Goodrich has 
 been a philanthropist, a sincere and honorable man; has great firmness and deci- 
 sion of character, and is esteemed by those who know him or know of him. His 
 life has been one of beneficent activity. He can look back upon a long, and, in 
 all respects, a successful life. 
 
 DEXTER, HERRICK AND ALLEN. 
 
 THE senior member of this firm is well known, and occupies a high rank at 
 the bar. He is the grandson of Samuel Dexter, a member of ex-President 
 John Adams' cabinet. His father was Samuel Dexter, and his uncle, Franklin 
 Dexter, both prominent lawyers. Wirt Dexter was born in the town of Dexter, 
 Michigan, about the year 1833. He commenced his education in the common 
 schools, and was a student for a short time in Michigan University, and afterward 
 in an eastern college. He was engaged in lumbering business in Michigan before 
 coming to Chicago, about twenty years ago. He studied law in the office of 
 Sedgwick and Walker, and was admitted to the bar. He formed the partnership 
 of Walker and Dexter, and afterward the partnership now existing, of Dexter, 
 Herrick and Allen. Mr. Dexter is quite an orator on moral questions, and tries 
 his cases well. He sustains the reputation of being an honorable gentleman. 
 
 John J. Herrick has a very clear, comprehensive mind, is an industrious, 
 hard working lawyer, and stands high at the bar. He prepares his briefs remark- 
 ably well, and argues his cases with good effect before a court. He is a native of 
 Auburn, Maine, and is about thirty-five years old. He came to Chicago in 1871, 
 and worked as a clerk in a law office, and studied law at the same time. After a 
 thorough preparation, he was admitted to the bar, and later to the partnership of 
 Dexter, Herrick and Allen. 
 
 C. L. Allen is the junior member of this firm, and is known as its business 
 manager. 
 
 GEORGE F. BAILEY. 
 
 LKE so many Chicago citizens, Mr. Bailey is a New Englander, having been 
 born in Burlington, Vermont. He inherited his profession, his father, Ben- 
 jamin F. Bailey, having been a prominent lawyer of that city. Mr. Bailey attended 
 the University of Vermont, and entered on the study of law in the office of Hon. 
 Asahel Peck, distinguished as a citizen, a lawyer and a judge in his state. Ver- 
 mont was at this time involved in an extensive and delicate litigation, arising 
 from the building of railroads through an old, established community, and afford- 
 ed an excellent school for a young lawyer. Mr. Bailey fully availed himself of 
 his opportunities; but the conclusion of the railway matters leaving compara- 
 tively little business, he sought a larger field in the West.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 579 
 
 Coming to Chicago, a young and unknown man, he soon attained a position, 
 a lucrative practice, and the full confidence of his clients. This he has steadily 
 maintained during his residence of over twenty-five years in this city. 
 
 Although he had marked success as a jury lawyer in his earlier years, he has 
 for a long time been mainly engaged in real estate and chancery practice. This, 
 though not of a nature to gain notoriety, has won him the esteem and trust of 
 many influential friends, and afforded him opportunities which he has always 
 declined to use, preferring to devote himself entirely to his profession. 
 
 He is well known to the elder members of the bar as a formidable antagonist 
 and a powerful ally, and by some younger members as a judicious instructor and 
 kind friend. He has always conducted his business with a high regard for pro- 
 fessional ethics, and his word is relied upon equally by his friends and his oppo- 
 nents. 
 
 IRA WARNER BUELL. 
 
 THE leading characteristics in the career of Ira W. Buell, a prominent member 
 of the Chicago bar, have been his untiring industry and application in his 
 legal studies and professional business, and his upright and honorable course in 
 all his dealings. To these qualities he owes the success that has attended his 
 professional labors. He was born at Lebanon, Madison county, New York, 
 December 9, 1830, and is the son of Elijah and Polly (Higgins) Buell. His father, 
 whose ancestors emigrated from England to America soon after the landing of 
 the Mayflower, was a farmer, noted for his piety and purity of life. His maternal 
 grandfather was a captain in the revolutionary war. Mr. Buell received his early 
 education at Hamilton Academy, and at the age of sixteen engaged in teaching. 
 This he continued with marked success until his nineteenth year, when he entered 
 Madison University, of Hamilton, New York; completed the full classical course 
 in that institution, and immediately began the study of law with Hon. Charles H. 
 Mason, then judge of the supreme court of New York, but afterward studied 
 with Judge Humphrey, at Rochester, New York, where, in September, 1855, 
 he was admitted to the bar, and practiced his profession until 1856, when he 
 removed to Chicago, where he has made a large circle of friends, and built up a 
 good business, both in common law and chancery. He has also given special 
 attention to insurance and commercial law. In politics he is identified with the 
 republican party. 
 
 In 1860 he was elected supervisor of North Chicago, and in 1861 held the office 
 of city attorney of Chicago. In 1871 he declined the nomination of judge of the 
 circuit court of Cook county, which was tendered to him by a joint committee of 
 republicans and democrats. He was president of the republican convention that 
 first nominated Hon. J. B. Rice as mayor of Chicago, and of the congressional 
 convention in which Charles V. Farwell received his first nomination as congress- 
 man. In the Masonic fraternity Mr. Buell stands high.
 
 580 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 He was married August 25, 1858, to Miss Lydia A. Gillette, who died Septem- 
 ber 19, 1864. Was again married July 15, 1867, to Anna M. Averill, daughter of 
 Capt. James Averill, of Chicago. 
 
 Though not one of the most brilliant of his profession, Mr. Buell is noted for 
 his sound reasoning, while the coolness and decision which mark his judgments 
 give to them weight and worth. 
 
 JUDGE VAN H. HIGGINS. 
 
 VAN HOLLIS HIGGINS, one of the oldest and best known lawyers of the 
 Chicago bar, was born in Genesee. county, New York, .February 20, 1821. 
 He came to Chicago in 1837, and during the winter of 1843 he was admitted to 
 the bar of Illinois, and commenced the practice of his profession in Iroquois 
 county, where he remained two years, after which he removed to Galena, and 
 there formed a partnership with Judge Pratt, which continued until about 1849. 
 During his residence in Galena he served two years as city attorney, but desiring 
 a larger field of usefulness, he returned to Chicago in the autumn of 1852, and 
 the next year formed a partnership with Hon. Corydon Beckwith and B. F. 
 Strother, under the firm name of Higgins, Beckwith and Strother, and enjoyed a 
 very extensive and successful practice until the fall of 1858, when he was elected 
 to the legislature, and the following year he was elected judge of the superior 
 court of Chicago, in which capacity he served until the autumn of 1865, when he 
 resigned and resumed the practice of the law, forming a partnership with Hon. 
 Leonard Swett, which law firm continued until the fall of 1872, when, having 
 been elected to the presidency of the Babcock Manufacturing Company, his con- 
 nection with the law firm was dissolved. 
 
 January i, 1876, he retired from active participation in the affairs of the com- 
 pany, having accepted the financial agency of the Charter Oak Life Insurance 
 Company, for all of the western states. 
 
 In personal appearance Judge Higgins has a fine natural judicial presence. 
 He is tall, well formed, and of a commanding figure, while his face shows refine- 
 ment and culture as well as firmness and decision of character. Judge Higgins 
 combines many qualities rarely found in combination. It would not be claimed 
 for him that he is a man of genius, but for such a community as he has lived in 
 and still lives, he possesses a talent more serviceable to himself and the commu- 
 nity in which he lives than genius itself. He is, first of all, as a citizen, a man of 
 great public spirit, and is in feeling and character a typical western man. From 
 the beginning Judge Higgins has seen, with a vision clearer than most men, not 
 only the probabilities but the possibilities of this Great West, and what a quar- 
 ter of a century and more ago he so clearly saw, and what he so confidently 
 prophesied, he has diligently worked to realize. 
 
 Politically, Judge Higgins has been, ever since the organization of the repub-
 
 H-C.Coob.r Ji-4 
 
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 &^*4<^ 
 
 Eon- fcy E GW':l!. am . A BrN^
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 583 
 
 lican party, a republican. A staunch friend of Mr. Lincoln before his nomina- 
 tion, after his election he stood by him, exhibiting in his support the same 
 patient common sense and ability to adapt means to ends which characterized 
 our great president. The Union cause found no more practical supporter during 
 the war, and particularly its early periods, than Judge Higgins. He was, if not 
 the originator, at least one of the earliest of our citizens to discover the necessity 
 for organized action among the friends of the Union, and did as much as (and 
 perhaps more than) any other man to perfect the organization of that body, the 
 character and work of which ought always to live in our history, the Union 
 Defense Committee of the City of Chicago. In season and out of season, the 
 Judge was tireless in the maturing and formulating of schemes for recruiting our 
 armies, and his practical suggestions as to the selection of methods were gener- 
 ally adopted, and in a great part through the exertions and influence of the 
 Union Defense Committee, Chicago, and indeed the state, was enabled to fill its 
 quota substantially without a draft. 
 
 The part which the judge took in politics at that time was beyond the effort 
 of the mere partisan, and at no time has he been mixed up or identified with 
 merely partisan contests or squabbles. 
 
 As a business man, Judge Higgins is perhaps the ablest who has ever occupied 
 in this city a judicial position. His knowledge of business men and business 
 methods made him exceedingly useful as a judge, for his legal knowledge, and it 
 is very great, in his hands was made applicable to business matters and the 
 affairs of every day life. As a judge he did not deal with the law merely in the 
 abstract. He not only knew a great deal about law, but he knew a great deal of 
 law. He not only knew, for example, the law of commercial paper, but when the 
 maker, the payee and the guarantor of a promissory note were in court before 
 him, he could apply those principles to those parties. His business and method- 
 ical habits enabled him to dispatch judicial business with remarkable rapidity 
 and accuracy. The court room in which Judge Higgins presided was a place for 
 the administration of justice according to the forms and principles of law, and 
 justice was there administered intelligently, courteously and speedily. A pains- 
 taking student, we have perhaps never had at our bar, nor upon the bench, a man 
 more completely abreast of current statutory enactments and legal adjudications 
 than Judge Higgins. His memory of adjudged cases was something marvelous, 
 and his knowledge of those cases was so methodized and arranged in his own 
 mind, that he was never confused by their number, and his keen, thoroughly crit- 
 ical and analytical mind enabled him with great accuracy to discriminate cases, 
 and to detect false analogies, a capacity absolutely essential to the proper admin- 
 istration of justice, and which distinguishes the mere case-hunter and recollecter 
 from the great lawyer. 
 
 In its general make-up, so distinctively is Judge Higgins' mind a legal one 
 that no length of time devoted to other pursuits than that of the law would ever 
 leave him anything less than a fine lawyer. He reasons upon legal propositions 
 62
 
 584 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 naturally and in a legal way. As has been said, his habits of thought and 
 mind are methodical, well arranged, and the mere machinery of his court was in 
 such beautiful working order that it was a pleasure to any lawyer who had pre- 
 pared his case, and understood it, to appear before Judge Higgins with it. To 
 young men, ambitious of genuine distinction at the bar, and exhibiting that 
 ambition by a thorough preparation of their cases at all points, Judge Higgins 
 was always most courteous and attentive. Nothing seemed to gratify him more 
 than honest preparation by the lawyers who appeared before him, and no lawyer 
 practicing in his court could fail to observe that however new the point which he 
 presented, or however much opposed it seemed to be to the general current of 
 authority, it would receive from Judge Higgins the most careful and patient 
 attention, and he had the personal and intellectual courage and ability to sustain 
 such points whenever sound reason seemed to justify it. 
 
 Upon the bench, Judge Higgins had no pets or favorites. No complaints 
 were made of uncourteous treatment. In judicial manner he was a model. His 
 courtesy never descended to undue familiarity. He held the bar in respect, and 
 they respected him, and the lawyer appearing before Judge Higgins felt that he 
 was called upon to do his best. Devoted for the last few years to extended busi- 
 ness pursuits, having charge of great financial interests, the judicial career of 
 Judge Higgins, and indeed his professional career, are practically unknown to 
 the younger members of the bar practicing in this city. But to those still living, 
 whose pleasure it was to appear before him when he was upon the bench, his 
 wide learning, his genial manners, his uniform courtesy, his promptness and his 
 splendid methods will always be held in honor and grateful remembrance. 
 
 In many respects Judge Higgins may be considered as one of the principal, 
 and one of the most honored architects of this great city. Its broad, far-reaching 
 business enterprise, its sagacity, its dignified and spotless jurisprudence, its pro- 
 fessional learning and culture, its personal probity, and the general correctness 
 of its private life, all find a most worthy exemplar in the life and career of Van 
 H. Higgins. 
 
 WILLIAM LAW, JR. 
 
 WILLIAM LAW, JR., is a native of this state, and was born in Hancock 
 county, January 31, 1841. His father, a native of the north of Ireland, is 
 Dr. William Law, an eminent physician, practicing in the southern part of Wis- 
 consin. Mr. Law received a thorough education, which he obtained by home 
 instruction, and from the facilities afforded by a private school at Freeport, and 
 subsequently took an academical course of study at Plattville Academy in Wis- 
 consin. His legal course was begun in 1859 at Shullsburgh, La Fayette county, 
 Wisconsin, in the office of Higbee and Law, the younger member of the firm 
 being an elder brother. He subsequently removed to Chicago, and continued his 
 studies with the late Hon. James H. Knowlton, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1862.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 585 
 
 In 1864 Mr. Law removed to Boise City, Idaho Territory, where he com- 
 manded a good business, soon establishing a reputation in his profession, as well 
 as acting for a time as United States attorney, and was also clerk of the United 
 States district court, but his fondness for Chicago caused him to return in 1866, 
 where he has since been an active and worthy member of the Chicago bar. His 
 practice has been varied. He has won a good reputation, and has a large and 
 desirable clientage. In person Mr. Law is rather stout and short, of much robust- 
 ness and vigor of physique. He possesses much power and force in delivery, and 
 produces an able argument before a jury. 
 
 HON. WALTER B. SCATES. 
 
 WALTER BENNETT SCATES, once a judge of the supreme court of Illi- 
 nois, and at one period collector of customs at Chicago, is a native of 
 Virginia, though reared in Kentucky, and was born at South Boston, Halifax 
 county, Virginia, January 18, 1808. His parents were Joseph Scales, millwright, 
 and Elizabeth Eggleston (Bennett) Scales. His maternal grandfather, an Irish- 
 man by birth, and educated for a physician and surgeon in London, England, 
 came to this country prior to ihe revolulion, and was a surgeon in that war, dying 
 in his son-in-law's house in Kentucky, 1812. 
 
 When our subject was three months old the family moved from Virginia, and 
 in 1809 settled in Christian counly, Kenlucky, on a farm near Hopkinsville, on 
 Little river, where Walter was engaged in farming, raising and stripping tobacco 
 for his father till nineteen years of age, attending school usually during the win- 
 ters. Delermined lo have more education, which his father at first failed to give 
 him, he left home without his parents' knowledge, and went to Nashville, Ten- 
 nessee, where he entered a printing office. His falher keeping Irack of him, and 
 seeing the son was determined to study one of the professions, finally sent for 
 him and made arrangements for him to take a course in law. 
 
 Not long afterward we find our subject in the law office of Hon. Charles S. 
 Morehead, subsequenlly governor of Kentucky, and in the spring of 1831 he was 
 licensed to practice. He settled at Frankfort, Franklin county, Illinois, where he 
 remained for five years, serving part of the time as county surveyor and brigade 
 inspector. In 1836, on being appointed attorney general of the state, he removed 
 to Vandalia, then the seat of government. November 21, 1836, he married Miss 
 Mary Ridgeway, daughter of John Ridgeway, formerly of Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
 vania. At the session of the legislature of 1836, Mr. Scates was elected judge of 
 the third judicial circuit, which embraced the southern peninsula of the state, 
 extending from Cairo a hundred and twenty miles northward, and he took up 
 his residence in Shawneetown. In 1841 a new law went into operation, requiring 
 the addition of five circuit judges to the supreme court bench, making nine in all, 
 and Judge Scates was one of the five selected, the other four being Sidney Breese,
 
 586 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Thomas Ford, Samuel H. Treat and Stephen A. Douglas. In that year he 
 removed to Mount Vernon, Jefferson county, and continued to hold his circuits 
 until January, 1847, when he resigned and resumed the law practice. In the 
 spring following he was elected to the constitutional convention, and was chair- 
 man of the judiciary committee in that body, a post of honor always assigned to 
 a lawyer. 
 
 In 1849 there occurred an episode in the judge's life which did not inure very 
 much to his pecuniary benefit, and which, we venture to say, he does not even 
 now contemplate with a distressing amount of complacency. In 1849 he bought 
 an interest in a coal mine at Caseyville, and helped build a railroad from that 
 point to St. Louis, the first road constructed with rail in that part of the state. 
 To these enterprises of opening the mine, and constructing an outlet for its 
 precious treasures, he gave four years of hard labor, and in 1853 returned to 
 Mount Vernon, having been elected to the supreme court bench to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the resignation of Hon. Lyman Trumbull, who was soon afterward 
 elected to the United States senate. In 1857 Judge Scales again resigned the 
 judgeship, being then chief-justice, and removed to Chicago, where he was in 
 the steady practice of the law until the civil war broke out. 
 
 In August, 1862, Judge Scales went into Ihe army, commissioned wilh Ihe 
 rank of major of Ihe i3lh army corps, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, being 
 on Gen. McClerland's staff. Appointed by a change of the law, by congress, he 
 was soon assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the 
 I3th army corps, under Gen. McClerland, and served until January, 1866, when 
 he was mustered out. After coming out he was brevetted successively lieuten- 
 ant-colonel, colonel and brigadier-general. Says a writer who has long known 
 our subject, " It would be unjust to history not to state that Gen. Scates, in every 
 post assigned him during the war, was vigilant, active, faithful, brave and zeal- 
 ous. The officers of the I3th army corps, who were brought in contact with him, 
 always speak of him as a tried and true soldier. * * * Courteous and kind 
 to his inferiors, respectful and obedient to his superiors, and though a compara- 
 tively old man, full of the fire, courage and energy of the younger braves." 
 
 Gen. Scates had resumed the practice of his profession in Chicago, when in 
 July, 1866, he was appointed by President Johnson to the office of collector of 
 customs, Chicago, which position he held till July i, 1869, when he was turned 
 out by President Grant, under whom he had served at Vicksburg, in order to 
 make a place for a civilian, a partner of his brother. While collector he was also 
 United States depositary, according to the law then in existence, and which was 
 soon after changed, making that a separate office. In every position, civil as 
 well as military, which the general has ever held, he has discharged his duties 
 faithfully, and with decided credit to his judgment as well as abilities The office 
 of collector requires the most sterling qualities of character, and these our sub- 
 ject possesses to an eminent degree. No honester man, we believe, lives. His 
 great abilities were seen to their best advantage when he was on the bench, and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 587 
 
 when the exigencies of the hour required that all his logical acumen and mental 
 powers should be brought into exercise. With his dormant energies fairly 
 aroused, his luminous mind fully ablaze, and his strong judgment brought to 
 bear on a knotty question, one could not but feel that he was indeed "a natural 
 born lawyer, and that God created him for a judge." It seems a pity that such 
 a man could not have been kept on the bench. While there he truly adorned it, 
 and his name will be handed down with the names of Breese, Douglas, Lock- 
 wood, Caton, Treat, Lawrence and others, to the latest generations. 
 
 We have already mentioned the marriage of Gen. Scales. His wife, who is 
 still living, is the mother of ten children, seven of whom still survive, all grown, 
 doing well for themselves. His present family consists of his wife, two daughters 
 and two sons, at his home in Evanston. The general still retains his clearness of 
 head, his strong memory and other mental faculties, and is quietly attending to 
 his professional duties, being very prompt and careful in their discharge. His 
 friends are numerous, abiding and appreciative, and he has the most cordial 
 v esteem of a large circle of acquaintances. 
 
 HON. CONSIDER H. WILLETT. 
 
 /CONSIDER HEATH WILLETT was born in the town of Onondaga, near 
 ^^ Syracuse, New York, December 12, 1840. His education was obtained in a 
 select school near his home, and in Onondaga and Cortlandville academies. He 
 took a course of private instruction in higher mathematics under Prof. H. N. 
 Robinson, at Elbridge, New York, and was graduated at the New York State 
 Normal School at Albany in the spring of 1862. He then volunteered as a pri- 
 vate soldier at thirteen dollars a month and rations, and was afterward promoted 
 to a captaincy, and served in the army of the rebellion till the close of the war. 
 After his army life he attended a short course of medical lectures at Bellevue 
 Medical Hospital College, in New York city. 
 
 In the army our soldier, after studying every work on military tactics, and on 
 international and military law, read Kent and Blackstone under the instructions 
 of another captain, who had practiced law in Boston for many years. He 
 attended the war class of the Albany Law School, it being the first lectures after 
 the war, and most of its members being veterans. The lecturers were Prof. Amos 
 Dean, Senator Ira Harris and Judge Amasa J. Parker. May 10, 1866, he was admit- 
 ted to the bar upon an examination in open court, in the supreme court at 
 Albany, New York. He studied law in Syracuse, in the office of the well known 
 firms of Sedgwick, Andrews and Kennedy, and Ruger and Jenney, Charles H. 
 Andrews being the late chief-justice of the court of appeals of New York, and 
 Henry C. Ruger occupying that position at present. 
 
 He then entered the law department of Michigan University, and was gradu- 
 ated in 1867, the professors being Judges J. V. Campbell, Thomas M. Cooley and
 
 5SS THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 C. I. Walker and Ashley Pond. After spending a few weeks in Syracuse, New 
 York, in closing up a law and pension claim business established there, he located 
 in Chicago, and became a member of the Illinois bar July 29, 1867. He was mar- 
 ried at Ann Arbor, Michigan, November 5, 1867, to Miss L. Addie Wilder, who is 
 an educated and accomplished lady. They have a pleasant home, and a flock of 
 little ones. He has been conscientious and fearless in the discharge of public 
 duties, giving satisfaction to those who sought the public good and being feared 
 and traduced by those who only sought their own good at the expense of the 
 public. The parents of the subject of this sketch were pioneer farmers in the 
 most fertile and beautiful parts of the Empire State. When a lad, he was taught 
 all sorts of work which constitute farming, besides obtaining a practical knowl- 
 edge of many kinds of manual labor. He was a clerk in a store, and deputy post 
 master, and for two winters taught school. In the army he spent his time first 
 with the army of the Potomac, and then in Florida, in the department of the 
 Gulf. 
 
 His life in Chicago has been that of a laborious lawyer. He has never been a 
 candidate for a popular office, though he has been an active, influential and earn- 
 est politician; but has been appointed village attorney of the Village of Hyde 
 Park three times, and county attorney of Cook county four times, the duties of 
 such appointments being strictly within the line of his law business. His legal 
 attainments, and attention to business early made his success assured. He has 
 had his share of the varied law business, which centers at Chicago. His employ- 
 ment has been sought in the most intricate and difficult cases, which are finally to 
 be determined by the courts of last resort. The legal accuracy and attention to 
 close questions by Mr. Willett is well illustrated by the case of Fisher vs. Deering, 
 60 111., 114. To win his case he had to overrule Chapman vs. McGrew, 20 111., 101, 
 and Dixon vs. Buell, 21 111., 203, which held that leases were not assignable be- 
 cause not embraced in the statutes concerning negotiable instruments. Mr. Wil- 
 lett demonstrated that leases were assignable at the common law by virtue of the 
 32 Hen. VIII, Chap. 34, Sec. i, which had been adopted by our statutes concerning 
 the common law. The principles of the ancient common law are living forces 
 to-day in the titles and complications of real estate. 
 
 He has an industry in the preparation of cases which will not permit any 
 details to escape their place of usefulness, and understanding the principle which 
 should govern the case, all things else are subordinated to the main design and 
 help to bring success. In the discharge of his duty to his clients, are found integ- 
 rity and industry, honesty and zeal, and none ever feel that aught has been left 
 undone that could contribute aid to the case. He has the ability, and takes rank 
 among those who excel in whatever work is undertaken, and these are some of 
 the many qualifications which indicate the sort of character he has built. 
 
 Mr. Willett is not a man to waste time and force in keeping up mere appear- 
 ances. He is in no sense a conventional man, and is too thoroughly in earnest 
 to ever be contented with the petty aim of mere success. He has to the thought-
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 589 
 
 ful observer always an earnestness akin to tragedy, yet his manner is undemon- 
 strative, and his speech reserved. His earnestness shows an utter indifference 
 to the trivialities, and in being absorbed in the principal things which are essen- 
 tial to accomplish results. Opportunity, which comes to most men veiled, so 
 that they do not recognize her until she has passed, is to this man an open secret; 
 consequently he pushes by, and wins the race, while other men wonder at his 
 audacity and success. 
 
 DANIEL DONAHOE. 
 
 1~*HE subject of this sketch is the son of John Donahoe and Johanna (Long) 
 Donahoe, of Huntley, Illinois, both of whom are of Irish descent. Daniel 
 was born April 10, 1853, in Saint Petersburgh, Indiana, and passed his boyhood on 
 his father's farm in Huntley. He received his primary education in the academy 
 at Elgin, Illinois; attended Notre Dame University, and graduated with the first 
 honors of his class, receiving a gold medal, the highest honor conferred by the 
 university. He also graduated from the law department of the same university. 
 He was admitted to the bar at Springfield, Illinois, in 1881, after which he 
 became connected with the law office of Young and Gibbons. Mr. Donahoe is a 
 young man of strong will, untiring energy and dauntless perseverance, which, 
 combined with his abilities and attainments, assure him success in his profession. 
 He has keen perception, is apt and ready, and has a happy faculty of presenting 
 his ideas fluently, forcibly and concisely. He has fine social qualities, and is 
 esteemed by all who know him, as a cordial, genial gentleman. In his dealing he 
 is frank, manly and upright. He is a Catholic in his religious faith. In political 
 sentiments he is a democrat, and takes an active part in political affairs. 
 
 JOHN McKEOUGH. 
 
 A Saratoga Springs, September 27, 1854, John McKeough was born, the son 
 of John and Margaret McKeough. His father was engaged in the grocery 
 business there until the great Saratoga fire some seventeen years ago, after which 
 he removed with his family to Chicago, where he has ever since been engaged in 
 the wool business. Young McKeough attended the Christian Brothers' College, 
 of Chicago, until the fall of 1871, when he entered a branch of the same college 
 in Memphis, Tennessee, where he remained until the yellow fever epidemic of 
 1872. Upon leaving Memphis he returned to Chicago, and entered the employ of 
 Field, Leiter and Company, with whom he remained until compelled, by reason 
 of impaired health, to resign his position. He entered the Union College of Law 
 in 1874, and graduated with the class of 1877, and at once commenced active 
 practice in connection with Judge Hudson, now of Iowa. This connection con- 
 tinued until 1878, since which time he has practiced alone.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 During the early part of his practice, Mr. McKeough did a very large bank- 
 rupt business, and during the last week prior to the repeal of the bankrupt law, 
 he entered petitions for some thirty business firms. Since the repeal of that law 
 he has devoted himself almost exclusively to civil and probate law, and has in 
 that particular line established a large practice. Mr. McKeough is a very social 
 man, and numbers his friends by scores. He was one of the organizers of the 2d 
 regiment I. N. G., and for three years held the position of adjutant, which he was 
 obliged to resign on account of business cares. He has been president of the 
 fifth division A.O.H., and is prominently identified with several social organiza- 
 tions. In politics he is an active democrat, being a member of the county central 
 committee, and taking a lively interest in all municipal election matters. 
 
 PAUL CORNELL. 
 
 A 5 fair a sample of the genus Chicagoan as we could possibly select is Paul 
 Cornell, the original founder of the thriving suburbs of Hyde Park and 
 Cornell, and who is one of the South Park commissioners. He is a lawyer, a real 
 estate operator, and a maker of towns. Coming to Chicago a poor young man, 
 but being amply endowed with that serviceable quality which the Yankee calls 
 pluck, he gradually pushed his way into the very front rank of the legal profes- 
 sion, and subsequently into the front rank of energetic and public-spirited men 
 of business and wealth, where we find him to-day. 
 
 Mr. Cornell was born at White Creek, Washington county, New York, August 
 5, 1822. His father was Hiram K. Cornell, whose wife was Eliza Hopkins, from 
 Swanton, Vermont. The great-grandfather of Eliza Hopkins was Samuel Rob- 
 inson, one of the famous Bennington Robinsons, who distinguished themselves 
 in those troublous years in the early history of Vermont, before her admission to 
 the Union. 
 
 Samuel Robinson was appointed a delegate to represent to the court of Great 
 Britain the grievances of the settlers, arising from the unjust claims made by 
 New York, and to obtain, if possible, a confirmation of the New Hampshire 
 grants. He was so far successful in his mission that the governor of New York 
 was forbidden to make any further grants in the disputed territory until His 
 Majesty's pleasure should be known. Before the purpose of his journey was 
 fully accomplished, Mr. Robinson died in London, 1767. 
 
 The grandfather of Eliza Hopkins was Leonard Robinson, a brave soldier in 
 the battle of Bennington, remembered for his accuracy of aim and the prayer 
 breathed as the shot was fired, "God have mercy on your soul." A brother of 
 Leonard was Moses Robinson, who was sent by Vermont as delegate to the con- 
 gress of 1780 to vindicate her independence and negotiate for her admission into 
 the Union. 
 
 Mr. Cornell's great-grandfather, Daniel Cornell, was a Quaker preacher of
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 593 
 
 the seventeenth century, at Dartmouth, Massachusetts, and there his grandfather, 
 Paul Cornell, was born in 1759, removing thence to Washington county, New 
 York. When the subject- of this sketch was nine years of age his step-father, Dr. 
 Barry, removed with his family to Ohio, and five years later to Adams county, 
 Illinois, where he was for many years a practicing physician. Paul had an appe- 
 tite for knowledge, and in order to raise money enough to pay his school expen- 
 ses in the winter, he hired out to the neighboring farmers as a field hand during 
 the summer months. After passing through several terms at a select school he 
 became a school teacher, studying law during such hours as he could spare from 
 his school duties. He finally gave up teaching, devoting all his time to the study 
 of the law, for which purpose he entered the office of Hon. William A. Richard- 
 son (afterward United States senator), at Rushville, Schuyler county, Illinois. 
 
 His first visit to Chicago was in 1845, when it was yet a small town, just 
 beginning to grow, and was favorably impressed with its prospects. Not being 
 fully prepared to enter upon the active practice of his chosen profession, however, 
 he did not then settle here, but went to the little city of Joliet, where he had 
 friends, and entered the law office of Wilson and Henderson, the Wilson being 
 Hon. John M., who some years afterward became chief-justice of the superior 
 court of Chicago. After assiduously pursuing his studies there for two years 
 he was admitted to practice, procured a license, and June i, 1847, took pas- 
 sage on one of Frink and Walker's stage coaches (there was no railroad then, 
 nor even a canal) for Chicago, landing here with a small bundle of clothing, the 
 suit he had on, a dollar and a half in money, and a few plain cards in his pocket 
 inscribed "Paul Cornell, Attorney-at-Law, Chicago." He put up at a small two- 
 story frame hotel, near the corner of Clark and Lake streets, and depositing his 
 little package on a seat in the office while registering himself on the hotel book, 
 he was not a little chagrined to find, on returning to his seat, that some sneak 
 thief had stolen the package, thus leaving him with absolutely nothing except 
 the clothing on his back, a dollar and a half in money, and his printed cards, 
 rather a discouraging situation for a young man starting out in life on his own 
 hook in a strange city. But thus it was when he commenced his career in 
 Chicago. 
 
 There were only two persons in the city with whom he was acquainted, one of 
 whom was Hon. John M. Wilson, who had but recently moved hither from Joliet, 
 and who was now the senior member of the law firm of Wilson and Freer (L. C. 
 P. Freer, who is still one of Chicago's prominent citizens). Mr. Cornell entered 
 their office, starting out in the active practice of his profession, finding day board 
 at a dollar and a half a week, and sleeping in the office. 
 
 The first suit he ever tried was before Justice Howe, whose office was on Dear- 
 born street, near South Water, and the lawyer on the other side was Hon. N. B. 
 Judd, late member of congress, and at one time collector of customs for this port. 
 Mr. Cornell won the suit, but felt neither flattered nor greatly encouraged when 
 his client paid him only one dollar for his services. Subsequently he entered the
 
 594 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 office of James H. Collins, who at that time was one of the leading lawyers of the 
 city, as an assistant in the trying of cases, receiving therefor a merely nominal 
 monthly compensation. Next he entered the law office of Skinner and Hoyne 
 (Hon. Mark Skinner and Hon. Thomas Hoyne, both of whom are still practicing 
 their profession, and are among its most influential members in this city), who 
 were at that time doing an extensive collection business for New York mer- 
 chants. While associated with this firm Mr. Hoyne was elected probate judge, 
 and he appointed Mr. Cornell clerk of his court. He performed all the duties of 
 probate clerk, and received a small amount per folio for writing papers and doc- 
 uments in connection therewith. He wrote up the official records in the earlier 
 hours of the forenoon and late at night, and devoted the regular working hours 
 of the day to the collection business of the firm, the details of which they con- 
 tinued to intrust to his charge, thus giving him an excellent opportunity for 
 forming an extensive acquaintance, which proved of great advantage to him in 
 the future. 
 
 After Mr. Skinner's election as county judge in 1851. Mr. Cornell formed a 
 copartnership with Hon. William T. Barren, under the firm name of Cornell and 
 Barron. Judge Skinner recommended this new firm to his old clients at the East 
 and elsewhere, and the result was that Cornell and Barron at once launched into 
 a larger and more lucrative collection practice than any other law firm in the 
 city. Their business continued to increase until they gave constant employment 
 to five clerks, and not infrequently they had as many as two hundred suits on the 
 docket at one time. 
 
 In 1856 Mr. Barron was elected probate judge, retiring from the firm, and 
 John A. Jameson (now one of the judges of the superior court of Chicago) and 
 Perkins Bass became associated with Mr. Cornell, the firm name being Cornell, 
 Jameson and Bass. Mr. Bass retired from the firm, and afterward received the 
 appointment of United States district attorney, H. N. Hibbard (now United 
 States register of bankruptcy) taking his place, and the copartnership nomencla- 
 ture then became Cornell, Jameson and Hibbard. This is a record of Mr. Cor- 
 nell's career in the legal profession. We now come to his history as a real-estate 
 operator and founder of towns. 
 
 In 1854 and 1856 Mr. Cornell, through certain real-estate agents, invested his 
 surplus means in real estate, which, rising in value, gave him ample returns. It 
 was his habit to take horseback rides on pleasant mornings before breakfast, and 
 occasionally he extended his ride to the residence of an old lady friend who lived 
 in a small cottage several miles south of the city, on the lake shore. The more 
 he saw of the " lay of the land " down in that region, the more fully he became 
 impressed with the idea that the location was a favorable one for the establish- 
 ment of a suburban residence town, and finally determined to have it surveyed, 
 the result of which was that the swampy portions of it were susceptible of 
 thorough drainage. He then purchased three hundred acres of this land, fronting 
 a mile and a half on the lake shore. Soon afterward he sold sixty acres of it to
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 595 
 
 the Illinois Central Railroad Company, one of the conditions of the bargain being 
 that the company should run a suburban Hyde Park accommodation train to 
 what would soon be his new town. He at once went to work planning the future 
 village of Hyde Park, laying out streets, parks, etc., and platting the ground. 
 Hyde Park soon was a reality as well as a town on paper. The accommodation 
 train was put on the railroad as agreed, and Mr. Cornell, besides making other 
 improvements, erected the Hyde Park House, and pushed the new venture to an 
 early success. This is the history of the origin of Hyde Park, now a thriving and 
 populous village; and this, too, was the beginning of the suburban idea, which 
 has since then been so extensively carried out in all directions beyond Chicago's 
 corporate limits. 
 
 In 1866 Mr. Cornell, with several other public-spirited Chicago men, first 
 began to agitate the propriety of establishing extensive public pleasure grounds 
 in Chicago's immediate vicinity, or, as he termed it, giving lungs to the great city 
 and its future generations. He spent the entire winter of 1867 at Springfield, 
 laboring for the passage of the Park bill through the legislature, and in spite of 
 very stubborn opposition, both from some of Chicago's wealthiest citizens and 
 from members of both houses, succeeded in securing its passage, which was the 
 initiatory step of Chicago's present great park system, now rapidly developing 
 into the most extensive and attractive public grounds possessed by any city in 
 the world. No sooner had the South Park bill passed the legislature, than the 
 same intense opposition that the measure encountered in its passage was aimed 
 against himself. His friends, in consideration of his services in this connection, 
 asked the governor to appoint him as one of the commissioners provided for by 
 the bill, and the opponents of the measure and a political ring vigorously under- 
 took to prevent his appointment. The governor, convinced of his fitness for the 
 place, nevertheless made him one of the commissioners, and he still holds the posi- 
 tion, having been appointed four successive times, now being the only commis- 
 sioner left of the first appointees; his present term will make eighteen years of 
 service, as one of the South Park commissioners. In earnest cooperation with the 
 other members of the board, he has thus far faithfully and efficiently fulfilled 
 his trust; South Park with its grand boulevards being already one of Chicago's 
 noblest features. 
 
 Another of Mr. Cornell's enterprises is the founding of the new town bearing 
 his name, at the crossing of the railroads south of Hyde Park. The history of this 
 undertaking is this: In 1854 a terrible accident occurred at the crossing, the 
 trains of two different railroads coming into collision and killing forty persons. 
 The occurrence sent a thrill of horror throughout the whole country. The com- 
 panies agreed upon an arbitration to decide the question of the payment of dam- 
 ages, and one clause of the decision was that all trains at that point should come 
 to a full stop. Mr. Cornell at once perceived that this would virtually make the 
 crossing a railway station, and that to invest in land there would be a wise thing 
 to do. He accordingly purchased a section and a half of the lands at and around
 
 596 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the crossing, paying from seven to thirty dollars per acre for what is now worth 
 almost as much as that per front foot, in building lots. This was the origin of 
 the Hyde Park suburb of Cornell, which was laid out as a town in 1871. One of 
 the first substantial improvements of the place was an extensive watch factory, 
 which was removed there from Newark, New Jersey, and known as the Cornell 
 Watch Factory. It was successfully operated up to the fall of 1874, when Mr. 
 Cornell, conceiving the idea that the Chinese labor of California could be utilized 
 in the manufacture of watches, visited the Pacific coast and negotiated with W. 
 C. Ralston, president of the Bank of California; Gov. Stanford, president of the 
 Central Pacific railroad; Senator Jones, of Nevada; John Parrott; Oliver Eld- 
 ridge, agent of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, and other leading citizens, 
 for the sale and transfer of the entire establishment to San Francisco. Other 
 important manufacturing establishments have been located at Cornell, and the 
 town is making a very healthy progress in the matter of residences and population. 
 
 In July, 1856, Mr. Cornell was married to Miss Helen M. Gray, of Bowdoin- 
 ham, Maine, the ceremony taking place at the residence of Orrington Lunt, 
 her brother-in-law, in Chicago. Mrs. Cornell has always shared her husband's 
 faith and enthusiasm in the great future of Chicago, and whether their sky was 
 bright or dark, she has always been a true helpmeet, sharing his burdens when 
 they came, and economizing to the utmost when necessary; and during the finan- 
 cial storm of 1857 and 1858, and also during the dark days of the war of the 
 rebellion, it was often painfully necessary. The husband gratefully acknowledges 
 that he owes as much to the devoted efforts and self-sacrificing spirit of his good 
 wife, in times of trial and hard times, as to his own energy or foresight, for the 
 good fortune and prosperity that now attend them. He is as devoted and faith- 
 ful a husband as she is a wife. It is needless, therefore, to remark that they are 
 truly a happy pair. They have five children, George, John, Paul junior, Lizzie 
 and Helen, all of whom enjoy the best of health. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Cornell are members of the First Presbyterian Church of Hyde 
 Park, and take an active part in all matters pertaining to Christianity. Mr. Cor- 
 nell gave the ground, a lot near the central part of Hyde Park, and donated 
 means sufficient, with the exception of a small amount given by citizens of Chi- 
 cago, for the erection of the first chapel on it. The lot was given with a view to 
 the erection of stores upon it, and the proceeds arising from rents, etc., to be used 
 as a church extension fund. Two stores have been erected, and the property is 
 now worth fully thirty thousand dollars. He also aided largely in erecting the 
 fine stone edifice now used by the society, which cost about forty-five thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 Although shrewd and sharp at a bargain, and having passed through some 
 trying financial ordeals in times past, sometimes embarking in extensive enter- 
 prises that timid men would have deemed extremely venturesome, we have never, 
 during the eighteen years of our acquaintance with him, known Mr. Cornell to be 
 accused of intentional wrong or injustice. He is a man of conscience, possessing
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 597 
 
 a nice sense of honor, and would not, we think, intentionally injure even an 
 enemy. Of quick perceptions, intelligent judgment and remarkable intuitions, 
 his business life has on the whole been a successful one, and he now has the con- 
 sciousness of being an independent man, and of having the friendship and good 
 will of his fellow citizens, especially those who have side by side marched on with 
 him through Chicago's progressive career of the past twenty years and more, a 
 career that has been as eventful as wonderful, and in the whole course of which 
 he has been a prominent and active figure. 
 
 EDWARD A. GIBBS. 
 
 EDWARD A. GIBBS was born in Lee county, Iowa, April 20, 1853, the son 
 of E. A. Gibbs, one of the oldest settlers in that county, and a prominent 
 business man in Fort Madison, Iowa. Mr. Gibbs received his preparatory educa- 
 tion in the public schools of Fort Madison, and afterward, in 1869. entered the 
 Iowa Wesleyan University, graduating there in 1873. He then removed to Chi- 
 cago, and entered the law office of Forrester and Beems, and regularly began his 
 legal studies, he having already, concurrently with his literary course at college, 
 taken a course of law. He was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1874, and began 
 practice at once, forming a partnership with Forrester and Beems, under the 
 name and style of Forrester, Beems and Gibbs, which firm continued until 1876, 
 since which time Mr. Gibbs has been practicing alone. In 1878 he went to 
 Alaska and engaged in the fur business, meeting with success. He, however, 
 returned to Chicago after an absence of a couple of years, and resumed the prac- 
 tice of his profession. Up to the repeal of the bankruptcy act, he had a very 
 large bankruptcy practice, but since that time he has turned his attention largely 
 to mining. Mr. Gibbs was married in 1878. 
 
 WILLIAM H. SKELLY. 
 
 WILLIAM H. SKELLY was born in Chicago, September 17, 1847, and is 
 the son of Daniel C. Skelly and Susan (Cosgrove) Skelly, both of whom 
 are of Irish descent. During the war of the rebellion his father served with dis- 
 tinction as captain of a company, with the 23d regiment 111. Vols., known as 
 Mulligan's Brigade. William H. received a good common-school education, and 
 afterward pursued a course of study at Notre Dame Academy, at South Bend, 
 Indiana; thence he removed to Lemont, Illinois, where he was elected town clerk 
 for the years 1872 and 1873, and from 1873 to 1881 had the honor of serving as 
 justice of the peace. During that same period, in 1875-6, he was a valuable 
 member of the general assembly of Illinois. 
 
 In September, 1877, after his return from the legislature, he was admitted to
 
 598 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the bar, and since that time has practiced his profession in Chicago. As a lawyer 
 he is successful, and honors the profession. He is a man of excellent personal 
 qualities, and having traveled extensively throughout the United States, has 
 gained a valuable and practical fund of information, which renders him an agree- 
 able and genial social companion. 
 
 In political belief, Mr. Skelly is an ardent democrat, 'and for some six years 
 has been an active member of the Cook county central democratic committee. 
 In religious sentiment he is a Catholic. 
 
 Mr. Skelly was married February 29, 1870, to Miss Mary F. Smith, and by 
 that union has had six children, of whom two, Roger J. and William H., are now 
 living. 
 
 JOSEPH N. BARKER. 
 
 T OSEPH N. BARKER, who for thirty-eight years has been a member of the 
 J legal profession in Chicago, is an excellent representative of that class of 
 western lawyers who have achieved success and gained a competence by faithful 
 and persevering adherence to a strictly legitimate law practice. He was born in 
 Augusta, Bracken county, Kentucky, September 20, 1824. His father's name was 
 William M. Barker, and his mother's maiden name was Jane C. Buckner. His 
 father was a farmer, and removed to Ohio in 1834, where he continued to live 
 at home, attending public and select schools during the winter and working 
 on the farm during the summer, until he was seventeen years old. For the next 
 four years he spent his winters teaching school. In 1845, lured by the glowing 
 accounts of young Chicago, he came to this city, and soon after began the study 
 of law in the office of Judges B. S. Morris and J. J. Brown. He was admitted 
 to the bar March 4, 1848, and continued in the office of Morris and Brown until 
 1851, when he opened an office and began practicing alone. In 1850 he took, 
 entirely unaided, the census of Chicago. This census showed at that time a popu- 
 lation of 28,250. The same year Mr. Barker was appointed deputy United States 
 marshal for the district of northern Illinois. This office he filled for three years, 
 performing all the duties, which involved in those early days a large amount of 
 traveling, mostly on horseback. In the performance of his duties as deputy mar- 
 shal he became acquainted with a very large number of shippers, and from 1854 
 until 1860 did the largest admiralty law practice in Chicago. It was a very remu- 
 nerative kind of practice, and Mr. Barker gained a handsome income from it. 
 
 In 1854 he entered into a law partnership with George A. Meech, and the firm 
 of Barker and Meech continued up to 1856, when he formed a partnership with 
 L. H. Hyatt, and the firm of Barker and Hyatt continued to the year 1859, when 
 he and Hon. Murray F. Tuley, now judge of circuit court, entered into partner- 
 ship, which continued until Mr. Tuley became corporation counsel in 1869, under 
 the name of Barker and Tuley, when he and Horatio L. Wait formed a partner- 
 ship, which continued until May i, 1875, when Ira W. Buell was added to their 
 firm, the firm being Barker, Buell and Wait.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 599 
 
 During the whole of his practice in Chicago, and especially since 1860, he has 
 done a very large general law business; has always been actively engaged in his 
 profession, and has always been successful. In 1868 he was elected to the board 
 of education, and held that office until 1871, when he removed to Hyde Park. 
 During this time he filled the position of chairman of committee on the high 
 school. It was through his efforts, and those of Hon. William H. King, that the 
 rules of the board were so changed that lady teachers received the pay of men 
 for performing man's work. 
 
 Mr. Barker was a whig until 1853, since which time he has been an ardent 
 republican. He has always taken a great interest in politics, and has been very 
 active in his own immediate ward, but has never been a candidate for any office. 
 In 1869 he united with what is now the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago. 
 He is now a member of the Presbyterian Church of Hyde Park. 
 
 He was married November 28, 1850, to Miss Francis M. Long, daughter of 
 James Long, one of Chicago's oldest citizens. Out of seven children they have 
 now living one son and two daughters. 
 
 As a lawyer he is distinguished for good, sound common sense; is a steady, 
 quiet and efficient worker. He is emphatically the business man's lawyer, and a 
 remarkably good adviser in business matters. He is consulted as well for his 
 good judgment regarding business transactions as concerning legal matters, in 
 both of which he is an excellent and safe counselor. He is more distinguished as 
 a legal adviser than as an advocate, and as an adviser, few of his age have had 
 more experience. In the trial of causes he gains his case by candor, earnestness 
 and practical reasoning, rather than by a display of oratory. In all his practice 
 he is exceedingly conscientious, never taking advantage of legal technicalities to 
 gain a case. He is now the third oldest practicing member of the Chicago bar. 
 
 WILLIAM H. SHIRLAND. 
 
 WILLIAM HARRY SHIRLAND was born at Troy, New York, July 4, 1851, 
 and is the son of an iron manufacturer in that city, and both his paternal 
 and maternal lineage is traceable to the earliest American settlements. After 
 receiving an academical education he spent some years in North and South 
 America in travel, and made his home in California, in which state members of 
 his family were pioneer settlers. After a collegiate course in that state he entered 
 the United States government employ, and first read law with Gen. Oscar Hugh 
 La Grange, of San Francisco. He was then transferred to Washington, where 
 he continued some time in the government employ. Subsequently Mr. Shirland 
 entered the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a scientific college located at Troy, 
 New York, and after a course of civil engineering resumed his legal study with 
 Hon. Martin I. Townsend, United States district attorney at that place. He was 
 admitted to the bar of New York state as an attorney and counselor in 1874, and 
 in 1878 to the Supreme Court of the United States.
 
 6OO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 In 1880, being attracted by the growing importance of Chicago, he removed 
 to that city and was connected for a time with Hon. Emery A. Storrs, and in 
 1882 formed the legal association of Shirland and Asay, a firm now existing in 
 Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Shirland is a highly polished literary man, quick and accurate, a fluent, 
 easy speaker, a good advocate before a jury, and enjoys the reputation of being 
 one of the brightest young lawyers at the Chicago bar. 
 
 DAVID BRAINERD LYMAN. 
 
 DAVID B. LYMAN was born March 27, 1840, in Hilo, in the Island of Hawaii, 
 Sandwich Islands. He is a son of Rev. David B. Lyman, who was formerly 
 of New Hartford, Connecticut, and who having graduated at Williams College, 
 studied theology at the Andover Theological Seminary. After completing his 
 theological studies, Mr. Lyman, Sr., married and sailed in November, 1831, for 
 the Sandwich Islands, as a missionary of the American Board of Commissioners 
 for Foreign Missions, where he and his wife still reside, laboring for the cause of 
 Christianity and civilization. The subject of this sketch acquired his education by 
 his own efforts, having maintained himself since early boyhood, and applied his 
 leisure hours to study. At a very early age he held several important positions 
 under the government of the Sandwich Islands, thereby obtaining means to pre- 
 pare himself for, and go through with, a university education. In the year 1859 
 he left Honolulu, sailed around Cape Horn, and arrived in New Bedford, Connect- 
 icut, in May 1860. He entered Yale College in September of that year, and 
 graduated in arts in 1864. After leaving Yale, Mr. Lyman went to Harvard Law 
 School, and entered upon the study of law, and graduated in 1866. After leaving 
 Yale, and during the time that he was enrolled as a student at Harvard Law 
 School in the years 1864 and 1865, he was connected with the sanitary commission 
 as hospital visitor. He was then in charge of the sth corps hospital of Army of 
 Potomac, and also the Point of Rocks hospital in Virginia, and for the last few 
 weeks of his service was in charge of the sanitary commission of the forces con- 
 centrated around Washington. In 1866, after finishing his course at the law 
 school, Mr. Lyman, having been admitted to the bar in Boston, removed to 
 Chicago, and entered the office of Messrs. Waite and Clark as a clerk, and 
 remained in that capacity two years. July i, 1869, he formed a partnership 
 with Huntington W. Jackson, under the firm name and style of Lyman and 
 Jackson, which is to-day one of the oldest partnerships in Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Lyman has fine literary attainments, and is a good classical scholar. 
 He has been highly successful in the practice of his chosen profession. While he 
 has, perhaps, devoted more time to real estate and commercial law than to any 
 other branch, so general has been his reading, and such has been his industry, 
 that he is a general practitioner, being at home everywhere, and always ready
 
 
 HC C.cp.r Jr
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 603 
 
 for attack or defense. The subject of this sketch has much natural ability, yet 
 by the thoroughness with which he prepares his cases, he illustrates the truth of 
 the well known maxim, "there is no excellence without labor." 
 
 While Mr. Lyman has. probably a higher reputation as an able and learned 
 counselor than as an advocate before a court or jury, yet such is his standing, and 
 so thoroughly does he investigate and prepare his cases, that his arguments usu- 
 ally carry more weight than those of other members of the bar who may possess 
 more of the gift of eloquence. 
 
 He has the confidence of his clients, because they know he will not advise 
 them to commence a suit unless their course is right, and then only when there 
 is no remedy for them save in litigation. Mr. Lyman is noted for his indefatiga- 
 ble industry, for his painstaking preparation and management of his cases, for 
 his unvarying courtesy toward everyone with whom he comes in contact, and for 
 his most thorough and conscientious discharge of his duty to his clients. These 
 qualities, added to his well known ability and learning, have given him a high 
 standing with his brethren of the bar, as well as with the courts. 
 
 Mr. Lyman takes no active part in politics, but is a staunch republican. He 
 was married October 5, 1870, to Miss Mary E. Cossitt, daughter of F. D. Cossitt, 
 of Chicago, and has three children living. He resides in La Grange, one of the 
 suburbs of Chicago. 
 
 RICHARD B. TWISS. 
 
 RICHARD BENTLEY TWISS, son of John Russell and Ann (Bentley) Twiss, 
 was born at Cambridge, Washington county, New York. His father, a 
 blacksmith by trade, moved to Ohio in the year 1850, and thence, four years later, 
 to Clinton county, Iowa, where he settled on a farm, and where he still resides, a 
 highly honored and influential citizen. 
 
 Richard remained at home until his sixteenth year, spending most of his time 
 at school, where he made rapid progress in his studies, and thus early gave evi- 
 dence of possessing a capacity for learning. In the spring of 1865 he entered 
 graduated in the month of November following, having received the first prize 
 Bryant and Stratton's Commercial College, at Davenport, Iowa, from which he 
 for excellence in penmanship. He was, soon after his graduation, appointed 
 teacher of bookkeeping and penmanship in the same institution, which position 
 he continued to fill with signal success until, in the year 1868, he entered the pre- 
 paratory department of the University of Chicago. Here he remained seven 
 years, pursuing the full classical course of study, and graduating with the class 
 of 1875. While at college Mr. Twiss naturally took a leading position, being a 
 good student, a terse, graceful and fluent writer, and an orator of unusual force 
 and eloquence. In the sophomore year he was awarded the prize for the best 
 essay, achieving a like distinction in the junior year for excellence in oratory, and 
 in the senior year was selected to represent the University of Chicago in theinter- 
 64
 
 604 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 collegiate oratorical contest of the state of Illinois. He was also elected by his 
 class to deliver the oration on class day. He was a prominent member of the Psi 
 Upsilon Fraternity, and universally esteemed for his fine social qualities, his 
 frank, manly and independent character, and his honorable and gentlemanly con- 
 duct. In January, 1876, Mr. Twiss began the study of law ( at the Union College 
 of Law of Chicago, graduated in June, 1877, and in the month of September of 
 the same year, upon examination before the supreme court, was duly admitted to 
 the bar of Illinois. 
 
 While pursuing his legal studies, and for some time after his admission to the 
 bar, he filled the position of law clerk with the firm of Tuley, Stiles and Lewis, 
 but subsequently opened an office for the general practice of law. Mr. Twiss is 
 in every sense an ornament to his profession, bringing to it a mind well disciplined 
 by a thorough course of study, and stored with a large fund of general informa- 
 tion, oratorical gifts of a very high order, and a personal character above reproach. 
 He is a hard working, conscientious and painstaking lawyer; careful of the inter- 
 ests of his clients, fair to his opponents, and gentlemanly and courteous to all. 
 In politics, as in religion, he is independent, acting always according to his sense 
 of right, regardless of party or sect. Personally, he is modest and unassuming, 
 yet dignified in his bearing, and has the confidence and esteem of all who know him. 
 Hating all pretense and hypocrisy, he scorns to purchase popularity at the price 
 of honor and self-respect, but those who have his confidence find in him a genial 
 companion and a true and generous friend. 
 
 PENOYER L. SHERMAN. 
 
 P)ENOYER L. SHERMAN is among the prominent members of the Chicago 
 JL bar. He was born at Pompey (now La Fayette), Onondaga county, New 
 York. His family are descendants of Roger Sherman, of Connecticut, one of 
 the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Penoyer L. was prepared for 
 college at the academies in Homer and Pompey Hill in that county. The latter 
 was a famous institution in those days, and many afterward distinguished men 
 were educated there. In 1847, at the age of sixteen years, he entered Hamilton 
 College and was graduated in 1851. He then studied law in the office of the 
 distinguished Hon. Daniel Gott. This office was the law school of Pompey, from 
 which many of the most distinguished lawyers in central New York and else- 
 where have graduated. It was said in those days that studying law under this 
 eminent and gifted instructor was equivalent to a graduation from the best law 
 institute in the country. Mr. Sherman had these advantages, and made the most 
 of them. He came to Chicago in 1853 and continued his reading in the office of 
 Collins and Williams, one of the ablest law firms then here. He was admitted 
 to the bar of Illinois in 1855. 
 
 As a civil law practitioner he has few peers. He is industrious, and devotes
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 605 
 
 himself to his business wholly. He prepares his cases and briefs with such 
 accuracy, and presents them with such charms that they are half tried when pre- 
 sented. He has been successful in his practice, which is the result of his ability, 
 force of character and energy. He is quiet in his business and makes no display, 
 but wins the cause he advocates, on its merits. He has the confidence of client 
 and court, because of sincerity, earnestness and his known integrity of character. 
 
 HON. RICHARD PRENDERGAST. 
 
 JUDGE PRENDERGAST is a native of Ireland, where he was born November 
 8, 1854. His mother died when he was but eight years of age, and his father 
 who was both a merchant and a farmer, meeting with financial reverses, immi- 
 grated to America in 1864, and settled in La Salle, Illinois. For two years Rich- 
 ard attended school there, working during vacation in a store, and in 1866 came 
 to Chicago, and again entered a store, at the age of twelve, from which time on 
 he wholly supported himself. Without wealthy friends or money to back him the 
 lad could not attend school, but until 1872 labored faithfully in his employer's 
 interest, meanwhile storing his mind with general information by reading in his 
 spare moments everything that came in his way. In 1872, when not yet eighteen 
 years old, he went to Canada, and attended college in Montreal for two years, 
 when returning to Chicago, he entered St. Ignatius College, where he studied 
 for one year more. The full course required from seven to eight years, but at the 
 end of one year he graduated the second in a class whose members, except him- 
 self, had all studied the prescribed eight years. In 1876, after graduating with 
 honor, and receiving his degree of A.B., he entered the law office of Judge Moran, 
 where he remained for two years more. These were very earnest and laborious 
 years. His days were spent during business hours, performing the usual duties 
 of a clerk and law student, but entirely without compensation, in order that he 
 might fully learn the practical work of a lawyer, while his mornings and evenings 
 were devoted to a more than usual course of law reading. In this way he acquired 
 both the theoretical and the practical at once, and saved one-half of the usual 
 time spent by law students in preparatory studies. A portion of the second year 
 he attended the Union College of Law of Chicago, and graduated in 1878, receiv- 
 ing the Horton prize of $50 for the best essay on law. His subject was " The 
 Law of the Land," and it is a sufficient indication of its merits to add, that, by 
 request of the faculty, he twice read it before succeeding classes in the regular 
 course of lectures. 
 
 In 1878 the rule of the supreme court required a course of two full years in the 
 law school and the diploma of the law school, as conditional to admission to the 
 bar, or in lieu thereof an examination by the appellate court, but not having 
 spent the required time in the school, he went through an examination, and was 
 marked 100 in that scale, thus being the only one in the class of that year, or in
 
 606 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the state of Illinois up to that time, who received so high a mark. Immediately 
 upon his admission to the bar he began the practice of his profession, although, in 
 fact, by his course in the office of Judge Moran, he had, in the most important 
 sense, practiced law for two years. He took at once as high a stand in his 
 profession as he held after four years of most successful practice, when he was 
 elected to the important position he now holds. During these four years he 
 acquired important experience in the successful management of law cases of vari- 
 ous kinds, mainly in civil suits, but to a large extent in criminal causes. In two 
 important contested election cases he succeeded, in a fair fight, in ousting the 
 incumbent, and installing the contestant. These were the cases of M. W. Ryan, 
 the West Town collector, and Frank A. Stauber, the socialistic candidate for 
 alderman from the i4th ward. After the labors of the day were over for most of 
 the profession, Judge Prendergast devoted himself to severe and laborious study. 
 At the November election in 1882 he was nominated on the democratic ticket for 
 the office of county judge, and was elected by a majority of 1,177 over C. C. 
 Kohlsaat, his republican competitor, thus running very considerably ahead of his 
 ticket. Although but twenty -eight years old the day of his election, the youngest 
 judge that ever sat upon the bench in Chicago, Judge Prendergast has already 
 convinced the judgment, and won the hearts of his opponents in the canvass, and 
 bids fair to become the most popular judge that ever accepted the place he now 
 holds. 
 
 In personal appearance Judge Prendergast is rather below the average size, 
 but with a large shapely head, broad and high forehead, heavy, well marked fea- 
 tures, a calm and kindly eye, and dignity and self possession in every movement. 
 When on the bench he is every inch a judge, but in the freedom and privacy of 
 social intercourse is sprightly and entertaining in conversation, and a genial, 
 warm-hearted friend and companion. It will go hard with him indeed, if the 
 future does not have for him some of its most coveted favors. 
 
 GEN. M. R. M. WALLACE. 
 
 MARTIN RUBIN MERRILL WALLACE was born September 29, 1829, 
 at Urbana, Champaign county, Ohio. His father was John Wallace, a 
 native of Delaware, and the maiden name of his mother was Sarah Hill, a 
 native of Kentucky. The subject of our sketch removed to Illinois with his par- 
 ents in 1834. Settling on a farm in La Salle county, near the present city of 
 Ottawa, it was here he spent the greater portion of the days of his youth, 
 working on his father's farm during the busy seasons, and attending the county 
 schools during the winter months. In 1839 his father removed to Ogle county, 
 settling near Mount Morris, and his son continued his studies at the Rock River 
 Seminary, his father at the same time being one of the board of trustees. 
 
 In 1852 Mr. Wallace began his legal course in the office of Dickey and Wallace,
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 607 
 
 Ottawa, Illinois, both of whom are well known, the senior member of the firm 
 being an elder brother, who heroically paid his life for the freedom obtained by 
 our late civil war. In the course of due time Mr. Wallace was admitted to the 
 bar of Illinois, and entered into his present active life as a member of the bar, 
 removing to Chicago in 1856. 
 
 In 1 86 1 he abandoned his profession which was then filled with brilliant 
 prospects, and entered the Union army, where he served faithfully in different 
 prominent positions, being promoted through the different ranks, to that of col- 
 onel, and in the fall of 1864, by reason of the expiration of the full three years 
 term, he was mustered out of the service, whereupon he took up his abode in 
 Natchez, Mississippi, resuming the practice of law, which he continued there until 
 1866, at which time he returned to Chicago, and since then he has taken an 
 active part in the foremost rank of the Chicago attorneys, and has occupied 
 several very important positions. He was appointed by President Johnson 
 United States assessor of internal revenue for the ist district of Illinois, and 
 subsequently nominated and elected on the people's ticket for the position of 
 county judge, where he served with the utmost satisfaction until his health failed 
 him, when he resigned, and was then appointed county attorney by the board 
 of county commissioners, which position he held for the year 1878, after which 
 time he resumed the practice of law in Chicago. 
 
 In politics he has always been an active worker in the democratic party. 
 
 Judge Wallace was married while in the army, during a leave of absence, in 
 September, 1863, to Miss Emma R. Gilson. 
 
 HON. FRANCIS A. RIDDLE. 
 
 THE subject of this brief sketch was born March 19, 1843, in Sangamon 
 county, Illinois. Even at that date the townships in the central part of the 
 state were few. Indeed, between Springfield and Chicago, Postville, now Lin- 
 coln, Bloomington and Jolietwere the only corporations within county lines. Mr. 
 Riddle's birth-place was the prairie, in a farming settlement, about eight miles 
 from Springfield. The father of this scion of the broad savanna was John Rid- 
 dle, a vigorous, well informed and thrifty farmer, a man greatly respected by all 
 who knew him. He was of Scottish origin, the family having been two or three 
 generations in America. The mother, whose maiden name was Sarah How Clark, 
 was of the old Dutch blood, which ran so freely from Holland to all parts of 
 the western world. 
 
 Francis Riddle was the third among six children, four of whom were girls and 
 two boys. The brother dying in infancy, Francis was subjected to all the endear- 
 ments and all the perils of an only son. Young Riddle's boyhood was marked 
 by the physical and intellectual vigor which farm life so generously nourishes. 
 Fond of his books, and quite as fond of out-door life, a master of wild colts, and
 
 608 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 a daring rider, he grew up with that happy combination of intellect and healthful 
 energy which has contributed to make the strong and virile lawyer as he is known 
 to-day. The common school and untamed horses were the joint masters in his first 
 gymnasium. At the age of eighteen Riddle entered the State University at 
 Springfield, then under the patronage of the Lutheran denomination. Here he 
 remained two years, at the end of which period the war broke out, and for him, 
 as for so many of the young collegiates of this country, opened a new and 
 undreamed of path of activity. 
 
 Young Riddle's father was an abolitionist of the old radical type. The son, 
 as a matter of course, drew in anti-slavery and patriotic sentiments from every- 
 thing about the old farm. When, therefore, Illinois began to muster her forces 
 for the defense of the national flag, he needed no conscription and no bounty to 
 lead him to join the thousands who, fired with the enthusiasm of the hour, were 
 hastening to the field. In June, 1862, he enlisted in Co. D., I3oth regiment, 111. 
 Vols., Col. Nathaniel Niles, which went into camp at Camp Butler in the environs 
 of Springfield. His regiment was almost immediately ordered to the front. From 
 November to March it was in the trenches before Memphis. It was subsequently 
 attached to the i3th army corps, Gen. A. J. Smith commanding. It was in ser- 
 vice at Milliken's Bend, and shared in the famous march to Grand Gulf, Missis- 
 sippi. It took part in the battle at Magnolia Hill, and later joined in the 
 investment of Vicksburg. At Milliken's Bend our young soldier was striken down 
 with typhoid pneumonia in its severest form, and after partial recovery was sent 
 home to recruit his wasted strength. In September, 1863, Mr. Riddle joined his 
 regiment at Carrollton, Louisiana, then belonging to the forces commanded by 
 the brilliant and lamented Gen. Ransom. Shortly after this he was made a com- 
 missioned officer in the 25th corps d'Afric, later called the 93d colored regiment, 
 which he helped to recruit and organize at Beer's Landing, and along the banks 
 of Bayou Teche. With his dark-skinned soldiers Riddle was in the fight at 
 Cafion Crow, where the federal forces, it will be remembered, were badly cut to 
 pieces. 
 
 In the winter of 1864 Mr. Riddle was made judge advocate of the military 
 commission of which Col. George R. Davis, of the 3d Rhode Island regiment, and 
 at this writing in the House of Representatives at Washington, was the president. 
 Mr. Riddle's long and honorable career in the army extended through the whole 
 period of mature boyhood, was completed as quartermaster at Carrollton, Louisi- 
 ana, where at the conclusion of peace he was mustered out August i, 1865. 
 
 Only one month later young Riddle, resuming his old ambition for a liberal 
 education, was entered at Illinois College, where he remained the junior and part 
 of the senior year, in that time mastering almost the entire curriculum of that 
 institution. Returning from college he began the study of law at home, reading 
 under the direction of Judge William Prescott, of Springfield. Later he entered 
 the law department of the University of Chicago, at which he graduated with 
 honor, and was admitted to the bar in 1867. He immediately began the practice
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 609 
 
 of his profession in Chicago. Well read in the law, well acquainted with the 
 world, genial, subtle, quick to take in all situations and make the most of them 
 for his clients, incapable of fear or discouragement, skilled in diplomacy, it was 
 only natural that he should have drawn to himself a large clientage, and gained 
 an enviable reputation both among commercial and professional men. 
 
 In 1876 Mr. Riddle yielded to the solicitations of his friends and allowed him- 
 self to be sent to the state senate of Illinois, where he served for four years in a 
 manner which won for him the reputation of a far seeing and able legislator. 
 
 Mr Riddle is yet a young man, being at this writing hardly forty years old, 
 enjoying the esteem of his fellow citizens, and sedulously devoted to the duties of 
 his laborious profession. An able pleader at the bar, he is more able as a coun- 
 selor, and in consequence is employed more largely in those causes which require 
 skill in developing and bringing forward. In 1878 Mr. Riddle was admitted to 
 practice in the Supreme Court of the United States. He has carried with him 
 into that highest judicatory the same success which has attended his practice in 
 the courts of lower jurisdiction. 
 
 Mr. Riddle's life can be be sketched in fifteen or twenty years far better than 
 at the present. Indeed, at that time he will not have gone beyond the full pow- 
 ers of intellectual and professional life. 
 
 THOMAS BATES. 
 
 A MONG the younger class of lawyers in Chicago of the best standing is the 
 L\. gentleman whose name heads this sketch, and who received the latter part 
 of his legal training in this city, under Hon. Leonard Swett, one of the most 
 eminent members of the profession in Chicago. Mr. Bates has been in practice 
 but a few years, but he laid a good foundation at the start, and is building stead- 
 ily, and as he loves his profession, and is studious and ambitious, a brilliant future 
 seems to lie before him. 
 
 Thomas Bates is a native of Illinois, his birth being dated at Griggsville, Pike 
 county, March 4, 1845. His parents, Thomas Bates and Elvira (Cleveland) Bates, 
 were born in Rutland, Vermont. This branch of the Bates family we are unable 
 to trace back farther than to our subject's great-grandfather, Elias Bates, who 
 was a resident of the province of Massachusetts at the time when the revolution 
 broke out, and who participated in the struggle for independence, holding the 
 rank of lieutenant. 
 
 Mr. Bates was educated in the common schools of Illinois, supplementing his 
 mental training there with some outside private study; was in the government 
 service as a wagon-master, under Gen. Sully, in his expedition against the Indians 
 in 1865-6; aided his father more or less in his lumber office at Lincoln; was prin- 
 cipal of the Gilman public school four years, reading law during the last two of 
 them; in April, 1876, came to Chicago, and finished his legal studies in the office 
 of Mr. Swett, and was admitted to practice in September following.
 
 6lO THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 For a little more than two years Mr. Bates was of the firm of Swett and Bates; 
 then, for one year, of Higgins, Swett and Bates, and is now of the firm of Swett, 
 Bates and Haskell, who are doing a large business in the several courts of the 
 commonwealth. 
 
 Mr. Bates confines himself to civil law exclusively; has wonderful success in 
 securing business and the confidence of people; is quite successful before a jury, 
 and is eminently trustworthy in all the relations of life. 
 
 Mr. Bates votes the democratic ticket, but goes no further in politics, being 
 evidently ambitious to excel in his profession, or to at least make notable success 
 of it, and knowing that in order to do so his whole time must be given to legal 
 studies and practice. 
 
 Mr. Bates married, December 24, 1870, Sarah H. Ricker, daughter of Albion 
 Ricker, of Turner, Maine, and they have two children. 
 
 HARRY RUBENS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born July 7, 1850, of poor but respectable 
 parents, who lived in Vienna. Harry received his early education in the 
 public schools of Vienna, his native place, and at the age of fifteen entered the 
 Polytechnic School of that city. While pursuing his studies, in 1866, the Austro- 
 Prussian war broke out, and he being one of the Students' Legion, which joined 
 the army, entered into the defense of his country, and was engaged in several 
 very important battles. At the end of the war he returned to college, and after 
 graduating with honor in 1867, started out into the world. With energy, ambi- 
 tion and high aspirations, and a desire for a broader field of action, he, during 
 the same year, immigrated to America, and entered into the active duties of a 
 journalist, a profession to which many are called, but in which comparatively few 
 are eminently successful. The man who, by patient perseverance, arduous effort, 
 and the execution of well conceived plans, succeeds in any department, will be 
 found upon analysis to possess a character unlike that of ordinary men. The 
 exigencies of success require peculiar instruments, as the rarer and more difficult 
 results in mechanism demand different tools from those used in ordinary opera- 
 tions. These essential and necessary variations in character, by which the indi- 
 viduality of men is shaped with reference to certain ends to be accomplished, 
 should be kept in view when studying the life history and actions of another, as 
 frequently in such cases there will be found certain traits and combinations 
 bearing little or no resemblance to the more usual composition of human nature. 
 Thus it was with Mr. Rubens. In his journalistic enterprise he met with peculiar 
 success. His talent was principally spent on German newspapers, serving as 
 local editor of the " Westliche Post," of St. Louis, and it was here, in the year 
 1871, that he, in connection with Joseph Kepler, the celebrated artist, became 
 founder of the greatest comic journal of the day, '' Puck," which is now
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 613 
 
 published in New York city. During the same year Mr. Rubens accepted a posi- 
 tion in Washington, District of Columbia, as private secretary to Hon. Carl 
 Schurz, who was then in the United States senate, and in this capacity displayed 
 talent and ability. In the winter of 1872 he resigned this position, to accept the 
 assistant secretaryship of the Missouri state senate. After the adjournment 
 of the legislature, in the spring of 1873, he removed to Chicago, and became 
 local editor of the " Freie Presse," and was also associated with the Chicago 
 " Times " and " Evening Mail." He also, during the same time, pursued a course 
 of law studies, under the direction of Edmund Jussen, and was admitted to the 
 bar of Illinois at Mount Vernon, June 8, 1877. Mr. Rubens then began the prac- 
 tice of law with Mr. Hiestand, a well known member of the Chicago bar, under 
 the firm name of Rubens and Hiestand. The partnership continued until the 
 spring of 1882, when Mr. Hiestand withdrew from the firm, whereupon Mr. 
 Rubens associated with himself John McGaffey, an attorney of ability from St. 
 Louis, who had formerly been an old associate, as well as a journalist. 
 
 In the spring of 1879, Mr. Rubens was appointed by Carter H. Harrison, 
 mayor of Chicago, a member of the board of directors of the Chicago Public 
 Library, a position to which he was reappointed in the spring of 1882, and at the 
 same time was elected president of the board. 
 
 For several years he has been the attorney for the liquor dealers' state and 
 national association, and has been prominently identified with the German socie- 
 ties of this city, and is now (1883) president of the Germania. 
 
 Mr. Harry Rubens has been a member of the Chicago bar only six years, but 
 from his zealous efforts in the practice of his profession, combined with marked 
 success, he has established a very extensive and desirable practice. He has at 
 the same time taken an active part in political affairs, but uniformly declined 
 political preferment, choosing rather to give his entire energy to his professional 
 labors. 
 
 WILLIAM A. SHERIDAN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a lawyer of fine attainments, who will some day 
 add new luster to the illustrious name he wears, should he meet with the 
 opportunities usually afforded a member of the bar possessing his qualifications, 
 both natural and acquired. He was born in Charlestown, New Hampshire in 
 1837, and is the son of James Sheridan, who is of Irish descent. His mother 
 before marriage was Mary McGloughlin, and is of Scotch descent. His brother 
 George A. Sheridan, of Louisiana, an eminent orator, is recognized as one of the 
 best stump speakers in the United States. William A. commenced his education 
 in Millbury, Massachusetts, and graduated from Leicester Academy in 1855, after 
 which he pursued a scientific course in civil engineering. 
 
 During his spare time for several years he read law, and in 1874 was admitted 
 to the Chicago bar. He then went into active practice in company with C. M. 
 65
 
 6 14 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Hardy, a prominent Chicago lawyer, with whom he built up a very extensive 
 practice. Since 1876 Mr. Sheridan has been in practice by himself, devoting his 
 attention principally to a general civil business. Mr. Sheridan is a social, con- 
 genial gentleman, of nervous sanguine temperament; of medium height and stout 
 build. He has a handsome, clean shaved face, with the exception of a heavy 
 brown mustache; his eyes are blue, his forehead high, intellectual and broad; 
 he has a luxuriant growth of curling gray hair, which in his younger days was of 
 a dark chestnut color. He is a fluent speaker and an excellent trial lawyer. 
 
 WILLIAM E. LEFFINGWELL. 
 
 WILLIAM EDWARD LEFFINGWELL, one of the leading advocates in 
 the city of Chicago, is a lineal descendant of Lieut. Thomas Leffingwell, 
 the leader of the colony that founded Norwich, Connecticut, receiving his grant 
 of land from the celebrated Indian chief. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born at New London, Connecticut, October 9, 
 1822, his parents being William and Frances (Ross) Leffingwell. The Rosses 
 were a Rhode Island family. William Leffingwell, a native of Norwich, where 
 the Connecticut branch was founded, was an industrious mechanic, a joiner, car- 
 penter and ship-builder, acting for many years as foreman of ship-yards at New 
 London, Sag Harbor and Long Island. His father died at Muscatine, Iowa, in 
 1876; his mother is still living there. 
 
 The school days of our subject ended at fourteen years of age, when he left a 
 seminary on Long Island, conducted by Prof. R. G. Isham, Mr. Leffingwell act- 
 ing, after that date, as his own tutor, and acquiring a mastery of the English 
 language. 
 
 In 1838 Mr. Leffingwell came to the West. He read law at Muscatine, Iowa, 
 in the office of Judge S. C. Hastings and William G. Woodward, being admitted 
 to the bar at Iowa City, March 6, 1845. May 15 following he opened an office at 
 De Witt, Iowa, he being the first lawyer to settle in Clinton county. Iowa was 
 then a territory. Early in 1846 Mr. Leffingwell was elected to the last territorial 
 legislature. Meanwhile the constitutional convention had finished its work, Iowa 
 became a state, and before the territorial legislature had occasion to meet, he was 
 elected to the first state legislature. Prior to this date, Gov. Clarke, the last ter- 
 ritorial governor, had appointed Mr. Leffingwell prosecuting attorney of the 
 twenty-second district. 
 
 At the second session of the Iowa state legislature, Mr. Leffingwell was elected 
 chief clerk of the house of representatives, and during the next two sessions he 
 represented the counties of Clinton and Scott in the state senate, and was elected 
 president of the senate of the fourth general assembly. In 1852 he was a presi- 
 dential elector on the Pierce and King (democratic) ticket. The next year he 
 removed from De Witt to Camanche, in the same county, and two years later 
 (1855) to Lyons, also in that county.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 615 
 
 While a resident of the last named town, Mr. Leffingwell greatly distin- 
 guished himself at the bar, particularly as a criminal lawyer, he having very few 
 peers in that state. But Mr. Leffingwell could not be kept out of politics. He 
 was too able a "stumper," and too much of a pet with the democratic party, to 
 be allowed to remain a quiet looker-on in the political arena. In 1858 he was 
 put forward as the democratic nominee for congress in the old second northern 
 district, pitted against Hon. William Vandever. Iowa had then become a repub- 
 lican state, and Mr. Leffingwell, though making a brilliant canvass, was defeated. 
 Ten years later (1868) he was the candidate of his party in the new second dis- 
 trict, against Hon. William Smyth, and in 1870 and 1872 against Hon. A. R. 
 Gotten, suffering defeat or being counted out at each contest. The second dis- 
 trict has usually been strongly republican, but Mr. Leffingwell reduced the 
 majority more and more at each of the three trials, and at the last, in 1872, was 
 claimed by his friends to have been elected. 
 
 Tired of political life, and particularly disgusted with the jugglery of trick- 
 sters, Mr. Leffingwell now devoted himself exclusively to his profession, in which, 
 in spite of the time given to politics, he had stood, almost from the start, in the 
 front rank of Iowa attorneys. 
 
 In the spring of 1875, Mr. Leffingwell settled in Chicago, where he was not 
 unknown, either to the legal fraternity or to leading business men, and he had 
 no difficulty in getting a prompt start. The reputation which had preceded him 
 to this city he has nobly maintained. 
 
 Mr. Leffingwell is very high up in Masonry, having been grand commander of 
 the consistory of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. He was married at 
 Clinton, Iowa, in 1846, to Celinda Walrod, a native of Watertown, Jefferson 
 county, New York, and he has had twelve children, only five of whom are now 
 living. 
 
 HENRY HUDSON. 
 
 HENRY HUDSON was born in Trumansburg, Tompkins county, New 
 York, July 24, 1835. His father, Richard Hudson, and his mother, Sarah 
 (Emmet) Hudson, lived a quiet life in the state of New York until 1845, when 
 they removed to Ypsilanti, Michigan. There Henry enjoyed excellent educa- 
 tional advantages in the public schools of the town, and afterward pursued a 
 course of study in the State Normal School. When twenty years of age he 
 removed to Chicago, but afterward located for a time at Morrison, Whitesides 
 county, Illinois. After deciding to prepare himself for the legal profession, he 
 began his studies with O. F. Woodruff, a prominent member of the Whitesides 
 county bar, and by close application and hard work, gained a thorough and prac- 
 tical knowledge of the law, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois in the spring 
 of 1865. 
 
 In the summer of the same year Mr. Hudson moved to Boone, Iowa, and there
 
 6l6 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 practiced his profession for three years, and in 1868 was elected judge of the cir- 
 cuit court of the eleventh district of Iowa, and was also honored with the first 
 mayoralty of Boone, an office of four years' continuance. In the fall of 1866 he 
 married Mary E. Roche, of Lyons, Iowa. After leaving Boone, Iowa, he made an 
 extended trip through the West, spending some time in Salt Lake City, and 
 returned to Chicago, where he continued the practice of law until 1879, when he 
 was appointed justice of the peace of North Chicago, an office which he still 
 holds. Mr. Hudson was a democrat prior to the war, but since then has been a 
 republican. He is of the Roman Catholic faith. A man of untiring energy, 
 industrious and ambitious, he has steadily risen in his profession until he is a 
 worthy and an honored member of the Chicago bar. 
 
 LEWIS L. COBURN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch, Lewis L. Coburn, was born in East Montpelier, 
 Vermont, November 2, 1834. His grandparents moved from Massachusetts 
 to Vermont, and settled in Washington county among its earliest settlers. His 
 grandfather on his father's side, Joseph Coburn, settled in Cabot, Vermont, and 
 built a fulling and carding mill. His grandfather on his mother's side, James 
 Allen, settled on a farm in East Montpelier. They were both successful citizens, 
 and much respected in the community. 
 
 Lewis L. Coburn's father, Larned Coburn, married Lovisa Allen soon after 
 each arrived of age, and purchased a small farm in East Montpelier adjoining 
 the farm of James Allen. He there prospered, and purchased three adjoining 
 farms, and possessed one of the largest estates in central Vermont. He at differ- 
 ent times was town representative in the state legislature, and held various offices 
 in his town and county, always having the respect and confidence of his fellow- 
 citizens, and occupying a prominent position among them as a successful repre- 
 sentative man. He had five children, all born upon his farm in East Montpelier, 
 where they received the advantages of a district school education when small, all 
 having the opportunity of attending the academies in the fall and spring, as their 
 inclination led them. Lewis L. was the youngest of the five. He worked on the 
 farm summers, and attended district school winters, as was the custom for the 
 children to do, until he arrived at the age of fifteen years, when he first com- 
 menced attending school at the academies in that part of the state, first going to 
 Morrisville, afterward to Northfield, then to Barre, Vermont, usually teaching in 
 the winter, attending the academy in the fall and spring, and working on his 
 father's farm in the summer. He first taught district school in the winter at the 
 age of sixteen, and soon acquired a reputation in that part of the state as a 
 teacher, which led to his being sought for to teach the largest and most difficult 
 schools to manage in that part of the state. 
 
 He fitted for college at Barre, Vermont, graduating from that institution, and
 
 I,, l r ECWilli.i4 StNY
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 619 
 
 entered the University of Vermont in the summer of 1855, and graduated at that 
 institution with a high standing in mathematics and a medium standing in his 
 class, taking a degree of Bachelor of Arts in the summer of 1859. Upon entering 
 college, he decided to adopt the legal profession, and during his college course 
 read law during several vacations in Roberts and Chittenden's law office, at Bur- 
 lington, Vermont, and immediately after graduating, entered the law office of 
 Hon. T. P. Redfield, at Montpelier, Vermont, with the intention of completing 
 his law studies there. He remained, however, in this office but a short time 
 before entering Harvard Law School, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, from which 
 institution he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, in 1861. He also 
 was examined in open court in Boston, and was admitted to practice in all the 
 courts of the commonwealth of Massachusetts. 
 
 In casting about to select a city in which to locate and practice his profession, 
 he finally decided upon Chicago, and purchasing a small and select law library 
 in Boston, immediately started for Chicago, where he arrived in February, 1861. 
 He was an entire stranger in the city that he had chosen for the practice of his 
 profession. He had come, however, to practice law, and he lost no time in rent- 
 ing an office, supplying it with suitable furniture, and putting a sign out as an 
 attorney at law. At that time there was no attorney in Chicago who made patent 
 law a specialty. Young Coburn knew that in other and older cities there were a 
 few lawvers who had made a great success in this department of the profession, 
 and he decided that he would pay special attention to patent law, and so an- 
 nounced upon his cards. The war that immediately followed left at home a 
 scarcity of men to perform the manual labor required, and therefore labor-saving 
 machinery became necessary. This at once stimulated invention, and created a 
 demand for the services of those who understood patent law. 
 
 In November, 1861, young Coburn had a business which warranted his taking 
 his college chum and classmate, William E. Marrs, who had been admitted to 
 the bar in Vermont, as a partner. From that time on there was never a time 
 when these beginners in a strange city did not have all the business they could 
 attend to, and in a few years their business extended to the United States courts 
 of nearly all the western states. 
 
 In the summer of 1862 young Coburn went to Vermont on a vacation to visit 
 his parents. It happened that there was a brigade of nine months' men being 
 enlisted in Vermont, one of the companies of which was being raised in East 
 Montpelier and adjoining towns. Upon learning that their young townsman was 
 about to visit home, this company unanimously elected him its captain. Although 
 he had a lucrative law practice already established, he concluded that it would 
 not be lost entirely if he accepted the position, and entered the army for a short 
 term, leaving his partner to conduct the business. He served as captain of Co. 
 C, ijth Vt. regiment, during the period of his enlistment. Capt. Coburn was in 
 the front line for two days at the battle of Gettysburg, in Gen. Stannard's bri- 
 gade, and led his company on a charge by which one of our batteries which had
 
 62O THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 been taken by the rebels was retaken, he being the first person who reached two 
 of the cannon after the rebels fled. There surrendered to him also, in person, 
 Maj. Moore, of a Florida regiment, and a captain and lieutenant of a Mississippi 
 regiment, all of whom delivered up to him their swords and pistols on the battle- 
 field, which he was permitted to keep. An account of his gallant conduct on the 
 battle-field had reached Vermont before the return of his regiment to be mus- 
 tered out of service, and the adjutant-general urged him to accept any position 
 at his disposal, and reenlist for a new term, or during the war, but he was unwill- 
 ing to relinquish his law practice, which had been continued under the firm name 
 by his partner. He immediately returned to Chicago, and resumed active labor 
 in his profession. In 1868 his partner, Mr. Marrs, died, as his friends thought 
 from over-work, leaving Mr. Coburn alone, with a very large practice in the 
 United States courts, extending through many of the different states of the 
 Union. His strong constitution enabled him to keep up his large business alone, 
 with the assistance of a corps of clerks, until 1875, when he took as a partner 
 Hon. John M. Thacher, who had also been a school and college classmate, and 
 who for ten years had been in the United States patent office, holding various 
 positions, from assistant examiner to that of commissionership, which he resigned 
 to become a partner in the new law firm. There are very few, if any, who have 
 attained such uniform and rapidly increasing success in the profession of law. 
 Mr. Coburn has always applied himself closely to his profession of patent law, 
 for which he is eminently qualified. He is remarkable in the facility with which 
 he grasps and comprehends new inventions, seeing at once the result sought to 
 be obtained, as well as the mechanism and means used by the inventor to obtain 
 that result. He also readily comprehends the relative position that a new inven- 
 tion occupies in the art to which it belongs. He at once understands what an 
 inventor has accomplished that is new or different from what has been done by 
 others, and is able to point out clearly and concisely what an inventor has de- 
 scribed and shown in a patent that is new, and also describe what has been done 
 by others who have labored in the same field, but have fallen short of accom- 
 plishing all that his client has done. He has been the active managing attorney 
 on the successful side of several of the most important patent litigations ever had 
 in the country. Notable among these are the Irwin tubular lantern patent suits, 
 the barbed wire suits, the beef-canning suits, and many others of less general 
 importance, that are of equal importance to the patentees and those directly 
 interested. Mr. Coburn has avoided speculative investments, but has judiciously 
 invested his surplus income from his profession in real estate, and, believing in 
 the future of Chicago, has located most of his investments in this city. 
 
 The law practice of this firm is now one of the largest and most lucrative in 
 the Northwest, and the investments of Mr. Coburn in improved real estate in 
 Chicago, which have continued through a series of years, until his annual rent roll 
 exceeds $25,000, have closely identified him with all the important material inter- 
 ests of the city, both political and financial. At the time the finances of Chicago
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 621 
 
 were in a most critical condition, Mr. Coburn inaugurated the movement which led 
 to a change in the South Town and City governments. This movement was inau- 
 gurated at public meetings, over the first of which Mr. Coburn presided. He has 
 also been one of the originators of several beneficent and charitable institutions, 
 among which was the Christian Union, now called the Chicago Athenaeum; also 
 the Vermont Association for the state of Illinois, he having been one of its offi- 
 cers and once its president; also the Union League Club of Chicago, he being its 
 first president. Mr. Coburn has frequently been urged to be a candidate for elec- 
 tion to political offices, which he has uniformly declined. He has been proposed 
 for candidate to the state senate, and almost unanimously indorsed by the press 
 of Chicago, as well as by his friends, as a candidate for the United States con- 
 gress to represent the first district for the state of Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Coburn was married June 23, 1880, to Miss Annie S. Swan, at the residence 
 of her grandmother, Mrs. Shaler, in Brooklyn, New York. 
 
 JOHN OLNEY. 
 
 THE subject of this biography was born January 10, 1822, at Shawneetown, 
 Illinois, where his family had settled, having come thither from the East. 
 John passed his boyhood and youth in his native place, receiving a good common- 
 school education. He was studious and industrious in his habits, and early in 
 life evinced a strong liking for the legal profession, and a determination to pre- 
 pare himself for its duties. With this purpose in view, he entered an office at his 
 native place, and in 1844, after a thorough and careful course of study, passed an 
 examination and received his license to practice. He at once entered upon the 
 duties of his profession in his own town, and gradually rose to an honorable 
 position at the bar, being known as an able advocate and a safe and conscien- 
 tious adviser. 
 
 At the opening of the war of the rebellion, in 1861, Mr. Olney enlisted in the 
 service, and being chosen lieutenant-colonel of the 6th regiment 111. Cavalry, at 
 once proceeded to Paducah, Kentucky, at which post he was placed in command. 
 Col. Olney was actively engaged in the service until 1863, when he was honorably 
 discharged, having been wounded and disabled, and returned to his home, and 
 resumed the practice of his profession. Two years later, in 1865, he removed to 
 Cairo, Illinois, where, in 1867, he was elected judge of the circuit court of Alex- 
 ander, Pulaski, Massac and Pope counties. Although elected for a term of six 
 years, he resigned his office in 1869, and accepting the office of supervisor of 
 internal revenue, to which he was appointed by President Grant, removed to Chi- 
 cago, where he still resides. Judge Olney satisfactorily performed the duties of 
 his appointment until 1871, when, being removed from office, he again resumed 
 his profession, giving his attention especially to matters growing out of the law 
 respecting internal revenue, a line of work to which he was peculiarly adapted,
 
 622 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and in which he secured an extensive practice. Like many others, Judge Olney 
 suffered the loss of his valuable law library and many valuable papers in the 
 great fire of October 9, 1871, but with unabated vigor, and courage undaunted, 
 he immediately opened another office and began to repair his losses. 
 
 In 1876, Judge Olney was the recipient of a very high compliment, being 
 appointed revenue agent at Chicago, the duties of which office were very like 
 those which devolved upon him as supervisor of internal revenue, that office hav- 
 ing been abolished. To form any just estimate of the responsibilities of this office 
 during the time of Judge Olney's appointment, and to appreciate the position in 
 which he was placed, one needs to review the history of that period, the high- 
 handed and open defiance of the law, the bargain and sale among politicians, the 
 offers of bribery, to which so many fell willing victims, the criminal prosecutions, 
 in which were involved so many high in office and in public esteem, and the final 
 disgrace that came to those who had participated in the revenue frauds. Through 
 this trying time Judge Olney passed, faithful to his trust, showing at the close of 
 his official career a clean record, and a character above the slightest reproach. 
 
 Judge Olney is now engaged in the general practice of his profession, and 
 wherever known is recognized as an able lawyer and an upright man. 
 
 HON. JOHN NELSON JEWETT. 
 
 AT Palmyra, Somerset county, Maine, October 8, 1827, the subject of this sketch 
 was born to David H. and Hannah (Gale) Jewett. They were originally 
 from New Hampshire. Young Mr. Jewett's early life was spent in the healthful 
 occupation of tilling the soil in company with his father. At the age of eighteen 
 he entered Bovvdoin College, Maine, where he completed a full classical course, 
 and graduated in 1850. He was then employed as teacher in the academy at 
 North Yarmouth, Maine, for two years. During his early youth Mr. Jewett had 
 a strong desire for the study of law, and while teaching he devoted a portion of 
 his time to reading law. He completed his law studies in the office of Collins 
 and Smith, Madison, Wisconsin, and was admitted to the bar of that state in 
 1853. He then removed to Galena, Illinois, and engaged in practice for three 
 years, when he came to Chicago and formed a partnership with Scales and 
 McAllister, which partnership was dissolved in 1863. 
 
 He is republican in politics, and was elected to the Illinois state senate in 
 1876, immediately after the adoption of the new state constitution. As a state 
 senator Mr. Jewett acquitted himself with honor and credit, not only to himself, 
 but giving universal satisfaction to his constituents, and honestly earned a most 
 enviable reputation for strict integrity and rare ability. As a practitioner he is 
 keen, sharp and decided, having his resources always within command. In con- 
 versation and oral argument he is affable and benign, but in writing he is pun- 
 gent and sometimes sarcastic. He is logical and strong, and his analytical powers
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 623 
 
 are great. He is rigidly honest, not only with reference to himself, but with all 
 connected with him. His speeches are easy, fluent and deliberate, speaking 
 tersely and to the point in an attractive, forcible manner. In the office he is 
 industrious and conscientious in his work. Mr. Jewett was married, November, 
 1855, to Miss Ellen R. Rountree, daughter of Hon. J. H. Rountree, of Wisconsin. 
 
 ROLAND R. LANDIS. 
 
 ROLAND R. LANDIS was born October 26, 1850, in the city of Baltimore, 
 Maryland, the son of Edmund Landis, and Hannah P. (Robinson) Landis. 
 His father was a prominent physician in Baltimore ; his mother was a native of 
 Rhode Island, and a descendant of an old English family of that state. Roland 
 received his earlier education in the common schools of Baltimore and Chicago, 
 having resided in the latter place since he was twelve years of age. After a thor- 
 ough common school education, he entered the Union College of Law, of Chi- 
 cago, from which he graduated in 1871. During the same year he was admitted 
 to the bar of Illinois, and for several years thereafter was associated in business 
 with the late Col. R. W. Ricaby, under the firm name of Ricaby and Landis, and 
 during that time built up a large civil practice. The firm was dissolved by the 
 death of Col. Rickaby, which occurred in December 1882. In political belief Mr. 
 Landis is a consistent republican. He was married December 19, 1879, to Miss 
 Ella Cox, of Sandwich, Illinois. 
 
 BENJAMIN E. GALLUP. 
 
 BENJAMIN ELA GALLUP was born at Lebanon, New Hampshire, July 12, 
 1826, his parents being Benjamin and Susan Emerson (Ela) Gallup. His 
 father was a physician, and a man of no inconsiderable prominence in the Con- 
 necticut valley, forty and fifty years ago. His grandfather, whose Christian name 
 was also Benjamin, was a member of an old Connecticut family. The mother 
 of our subject was a native of the Connecticut valley. Mr. Gallup is the oldest 
 child in a family of five children, four sons and one daughter. He received his 
 preparatory education at the Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, New Hampshire, 
 and his college at Hanover, same state, being a graduate of Dartmouth, class '47, 
 and having a high standing in scholarship. He was dependent largely upon his 
 own resources for defraying his expenses, and both before going to college and 
 while pursuing his studies therein, usually taught school during the winter term. 
 He early learned to be self-reliant, and that lesson has been of incalculable 
 benefit to him through all his manhood years. He is no doubt thankful to-day 
 that he was not only born and reared in the country, but was early obliged to 
 test the value of industry. 
 66
 
 624 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 After his graduation Mr. Gallup was engaged awhile as a civil engineer on 
 what is now known as the Central Vermont railroad. Subsequently he studied 
 law in Bangor, Maine, and was admitted to the bar about 1850. In 1852 he came 
 to the West, made some explorations of Wisconsin, then a state only four years 
 old, but made up his mind that Chicago had the grandest future, and here he 
 settled in the spring of 1853. He practiced law for seven or eight years in the 
 firm of Gallup and Hitchcock, his partner being Charles Hitchcock, who died in 
 this city in 1881. Subsequently he was a partner of Francis B. Peabody, and the 
 firm of Gallup and Peabody was engaged in the loan and real estate business, 
 doing a very prosperous business, using English as well as American capital. 
 
 Immediately after the great fire of 1871, Mr. Gallup, in company with his old 
 partner, Mr. Hitchcock, built the La Salle Block, on the northwest corner of La- 
 Salle and Madison streets, one of the first blocks completed after the fire, and made 
 fire proof and very substantial. There is none better in the city. 
 
 Mr. Gallup has done a great deal in aiding to build up the city of Chicago, 
 one of his latest and best additions being the Hotel Royal, on Indiana avenne, 
 just north of Eighteenth street, opened in 1881. It borders on the Roman style, 
 with very massive front, and very substantial, cozy and homelike appearance 
 throughout. It was designed by Mr. and Mrs. Gallup, and, aided by skillful 
 architects, the plans were all carried out, making the arrangements perfect from 
 cellar to attic. The house is admirably suited for private families, for which it is 
 largely used, and its many suites of rooms are very commodious and richly fur- 
 nished. A gentleman who has traveled all over Europe, visited the Hotel Royal 
 soon after it was opened, and frankly declared that he saw nothing better in the 
 Old World. 
 
 The partnership of Gallup and Peabody continued until the health of the 
 former failed (1875), and he went to Europe, spending fifteen months in the Old 
 World, seeing many countries, but none so promising or prosperous, or half so 
 inviting as his own. His absence, his sight-seeing, his studies of institutions all 
 tended to make him think more and more of his native land, the only true and 
 magnificent land of promise in this modern era of the world. 
 
 Another episode in the life of our subject occurred in 1878, when he was sent 
 by President Hayes as a commissioner to the Paris exposition, at which time he 
 attended very closely to the duties of his mission, and did not see very much of 
 Europe. 
 
 Mr. Gallup has held but very few civil offices since a resident of this city. 
 Indeed we can recall only one office of the kind, that of alderman of the old 4th 
 ward (now merged in the 3d) at the opening of the civil war, and during the 
 administration of Mayor Sherman. Mr. Sherman was a democrat, but it was a 
 trying period in the history of this city, as well as of the country, and he wanted 
 such a man as Mr. Gallup, though a republican, in the council, and Mr. Gallup 
 served his term out faithfully, and to the great satisfaction of his constituents, 
 and the citizens generally.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 625 
 
 Mr. Gallup married September 6, 1858, Miss Delia S. Hulburd, a native of 
 Medina, Orleans county, New York, her family being from Orwell, Vermont, and 
 they have six children, two sons and four daughters. Mrs. Gallup was educated 
 at South Hadley, in one of the best schools in Massachusetts, and is a lady of 
 much intelligence and refinement. The family attend the First Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 WILLIAM H. YOUNG. 
 
 WILLIAM H. YOUNG was born in Oswego, New York, May 4, 1847. His 
 father, Andrew H. Young, moved to Chicago when William was quite 
 young, and there reared his family. William was educated in the public schools 
 of Chicago, and was a classmate of Luther Laflin Mills, and other successful 
 young men in the high school, under the instruction of George Howland, where 
 he graduated. While in the high school he held copy for the proof reader 
 in the "Tribune" office, and was a favorite there. He then read law with the 
 then firm of Melville W. Fuller and Henry M. Shepherd, and later was under the 
 tuition of Hon. Murray F. Tuley. He was admitted to the bar in 1868 and com- 
 menced practice. He was for several years in the office of D. C. and J. J. Nich- 
 ols, and afterward engaged in business for himself, forming the firm of Young 
 and Forsyth, which did a successful business. In the fall of 1870 he was nomi- 
 nated by a number of leading citizens for the state legislature on the democratic 
 ticket, against Hon. James P. Root, and, although defeated, he ran far ahead of 
 his ticket. He has taken an active part in politics, and is a successful operator 
 in that connection. 
 
 As a lawyer he has been successful, and is considered reliable and trustworthy. 
 He 'has many friends in the profession and among the public. He is active and 
 industrious in his business. In 1866 he married Julia D. Winters, one of his com- 
 panions in the high school. They have four children three boys and one girl. 
 
 MAJ. CHARLES W. DEANE. 
 
 MAJ. CHARLES W. DEANE has attained to a position and standing at the 
 bar which ranks him among the first attorneys in point of ability and 
 success, and he has maintained a character for integrity and honorable practice 
 of his profession which has won the respect of the fraternity and all who know 
 him. He was born in Grafton, Windham county, Vermont, in 1839. His father 
 was Deacon Peter W. Deane, well known in Vermont, having been county judge 
 and member of the legislature, and was the oldest woolen manufacturer in the 
 state. The brother of Charles W., Hon. Benjamin W. Deane, was register of the 
 probate court for Westminster district, and secretary of state from 1858 to 1862. 
 The subject of this mention was educated in the schools of the neighborhood,
 
 626 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and at Leland Seminar}'; commenced reading law with his brother in 1857, and 
 entered the Albany Law University in 1859, being graduated in 1860; was admitted 
 to the bar in New York and Vermont the same year, and went to Michigan, and 
 commenced practice in Pentwater. He was elected prosecuting attorney and 
 circuit court commissioner in ten days after his arrival there. 
 
 In the spring of 1862 he raised three companies of infantry, but not with the 
 intention of going into the service himself. He was solicited by those he was 
 urging to enlist to go himself, and, to further and encourage enlistments, and 
 recognizing the propriety and force of the hint, he did so, and was commissioned 
 captain. He set about raising another company to lead, and found no difficulty 
 in doing so in a short time. Going to Manistee, he soon raised a company among 
 the employes of the lumber mills there, on account of which the mills were com- 
 pelled to temporarily stop operations. He joined the 6th Mich. Cavalry, Co. P, 
 and went to the front in November, 1862, first to Washington, and thence to 
 Poolsville, commanding two companies, and reported to Col. Veazey, of the i6th 
 Vt., as ordered; remained there, doing scouting duty, until May, 1863, when he was 
 ordered to Seneca Locks, Maryland. June n, he was in camp with thirty-nine men, 
 when he was attacked at daylight by two hundred and fifty of the enemy, and the 
 result of half an hour's fighting was four killed and fifteen wounded and taken 
 prisoners. The enemy lost ten privates, killed and captured, and two to one in 
 number of horses. Maj. Deane wears a ring made from a $10 gold piece which 
 he found in a captain's pocket who had been killed. When he crossed the Poto- 
 mac, he was ordered to Maryland Heights and Frederick City, where Col. Mc- 
 Reynolds was in command, to the latter point to escort Gen. French's command 
 through the city. About this time he demonstrated his bravery, daring and skill 
 as a soldier and officer, by volunteering to destroy the pontoons over the river. 
 He crossed in a most daring manner, and captured over fifty prisoners, several 
 mules, and much ammunition, for which act he has never had full credit. The 
 details of the operation have been fully given in history, but the credit was not 
 placed where it belonged. He was promoted to the rank of major in 1863. He 
 was ordered back to Maryland Heights, and from there went to the Shenandoah 
 valley and engaged in scouting, returning to his regiment in May, 1864. This 
 regiment was in the battle of the Wilderness, and in Sheridan's campaign in the 
 valley of the Shenandoah; was captured, but succeeded in getting away with a 
 few men. The regiment was acting body-guard to Gen. Sheridan, and was 
 regarded as one of the best in the service, being almost constantly on duty in 
 detail or in a body. Maj. Deane was in twenty-nine battles and many skirmishes, 
 but escaped without serious wounds. 
 
 In January, 1865, he resigned, was honorably discharged, and returned to 
 Pentwater, Michigan, and reengaged in the practice of his profession; was subse- 
 quently elected to the legislature, to represent a district including three counties, 
 the democrats making no nomination against him. 
 
 Maj. Deane came to Chicago in 1869, engaged in practice alone, and has been
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 627 
 
 since doing a successful business. He still retains a fine farm in Vermont, and 
 considerable interest in Lake Superior quarries, and in mines in Arizona and 
 elsewhere in the Rocky Mountains. On the whole, he has been a successful Ver- 
 monter, and a credit to that state, to which he is strongly attached by ties of 
 kinship, and because of his love for its mountains, scenery, people, and grand 
 history. 
 
 HON. JOSEPH E. GARY. 
 
 JOSEPH E. GARY, one of the judges of the superior court of Cook county, 
 was born in Potsdam, New York, July 9, 1821. His father was Eli B. Gary, 
 and his mother before marriage was Miss Francis O. Easton. 
 
 The son received a common school and academic education. In 1843 he went 
 to Saint Louis, Missouri, where he read law and was admitted to the bar the fol- 
 lowing year, and in the spring he opened an office in Springfield, Missouri. In 
 1849 he removed to Las Vegas, New Mexico, where he practiced law and learned 
 to speak and write the Spanish language fluently. He then went to San Fran- 
 cisco, California, where he practiced law until the spring of 1856, when he returned 
 and settled in Chicago, and formed a partnership with Murray F. Tuley, now a 
 judge on the circuit bench of Cook county, Illinois. A few years later he entered 
 into a partnership with E. and A. Van Buren, where he continued in practice 
 until 1863, when he was elected to the bench, and has been reelected three suc- 
 cessive terms, a continuous service of eighteen years, which has been so accepta- 
 ble to the entire public that the last three times he received the nomination of 
 both parties, a distinction rarely given any man. 
 
 Judge Gary has a judicial mind, is clear and comprehensive. He has a keen 
 sense of right and justice, and is a citizen highly respected for his moral and 
 intellectual worth. 
 
 MARSHALL BECK. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Putnam county, Illinois, March 30, 
 1847. His parents are among the earliest settlers of that part of the state, 
 coming originally from the state of Ohio, and are of German and English 
 descent. His father, Lewis I. Beck, is an enterprising and prosperous farmer 
 and lumberman. His mother, whose maiden name was Winters, is a lady of 
 great force of character, and most highly esteemed by all who know her. Mar- 
 shall's schooling was limited to the district school in the neighborhood where he 
 was born. From 1868 to 1874 he spent the winter months as a teacher, part of 
 the time in the school of his native district, and the remainder in other neighbor- 
 ing schools, including the graded schools of the village of Lostant, Illinois, of 
 which he was a popular and successful principal, and during the summer months 
 of those years he was engaged in farm labor for his father, having charge of the
 
 628 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 farm. While he thoroughly enjoyed farm life and labor, it did not afford the 
 opportunity for acquiring knowledge, which he greatly desired, and he deter- 
 mined to adopt the law as a profession, and as a means of a better mental train- 
 ing. Accordingly, he left home in January, 1874, and going to Chicago, entered 
 the law office of Dent and Black, and after three years of careful and diligent 
 study, was admitted to the bar by the supreme court, at Springfield, Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Beck is an industrious, honorable, intellectual gentleman, possessing 
 great energy and perseverence. He is not an active politician, but in political 
 sentiments is a republican. He was married September 2, 1879, to Miss Eleanor 
 J. Vance, of Chicago, a most estimable and intellectual young lady. They have 
 one child, Marcia Vance Beck. 
 
 CHARLES M. HARRIS. 
 
 CHARLES MURRAY HARRIS was born in Mumfordsville, Hart county, 
 Kentucky. His father, John Harris, was of old Virginia stock, but early 
 emigrated to Kentucky. Jane (Murray) Harris, the mother of Charles, Was a 
 native of Kentucky. When Charles was thirteen years of age the family moved 
 to Oquawka, Illinois, where his father engaged in mercantile pursuits. Soon 
 after their removal to. Oquawka, Charles returned to his native place, where he 
 received his early education. Returning to Illinois, he was for some time 
 employed in his father's store, where he acquired correct business habits. 
 
 Young Harris' early ambition was to identify himself with the legal profes- 
 sion, and obtaining the necessary books, he commenced the study of law at 
 Oquawka. He applied with great diligence, and in about two years had mas- 
 tered the elementary principles, and after a thorough examination was admitted, 
 in 1845, to practice, and in a short time found himself in possession of a large 
 and lucrative business. 
 
 The judicial circuit in which he practiced was at that day large, and in it 
 were some of the most eminent lawyers of the West, and Mr. Harris was com- 
 pelled to confront in the legal arena such men as Archibald Williams, Orville H. 
 Browning, Charles B. Lawrence, Cyrus Walker, Julius Manning, Norman H. 
 Purple, and others. A hard worker in the profession, self-reliant, and always 
 well prepared, Mr. Harris never suffered by blows from unexpected quarters, 
 never asking and never giving quarter, although always punctiliously honorable. 
 Mr. Harris was employed in many of the most important cases in the district in 
 which he commenced to practice. He had charge of many of the intricate cases 
 growing out of conflicting titles to lands in the military land district, cases call- 
 ing into requisition abilit}' and learning of the highest order. While he preferred 
 civil practice, he was often called to the defense in important criminal cases. As 
 a lawyer, Mr. Harris is possessed of rare ability and sound judgment. He is a 
 logical speaker, and few advocates have more personal magnetism and influence.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 629 
 
 As a man, he is noted for his sincerity and candor. Strong in his friendships, 
 unswerving in his devotion to the right, he always commands the confidence of 
 those who come in contact with him. 
 
 In politics, Mr. Harris has affiliated with the democratic party, but devotion 
 to his profession frequently caused him to decline proffered political honors, until 
 in 1862, when he was unanimously tendered the democratic nomination for con- 
 gress in his district; he reluctantly consented to accept it. The district was 
 republican by about 2,000 majority, but after a most vigorous canvass on both 
 sides, Mr. Harris was elected by nearly 2,985 majority. As a member of congress, 
 he devoted himself to the duties of his new position, and earned the credit of 
 having honestly and faithfully served his constituents. But he had no taste for 
 politics, and preferred to return to his profession, and has since declined office. 
 
 Mr. Harris removed to Chicago in 1868, and entered upon the practice in the 
 state and federal courts, and has been connected with many of the important 
 cases claiming the attention of the courts during his residence in Chicago, where 
 he is known as a man of thorough integrity, a safe counselor, and good citizen. 
 i 
 
 GEORGE SPARLING. 
 
 EORGE SPARLING is a native of New York, and was born in Sullivan 
 county, December 25, 1833, and is the son of George G. and Elizabeth 
 (Lowewright) Sparling. He received his primary education in the common 
 schools, and afterward took a classical course in Bush's Academy and Monticello 
 Academy, after which he taught school about four years in the state of New York. 
 He then removed to Princeton, Illinois, where he arrived March 27, 1857, and 
 commenced reading law with Hon. George W. Stipp, now one of the judges of 
 the ninth judicial circuit of Illinois, with whom he continued his legal studies 
 until December, 1866. 
 
 He was admitted to the bar in April, 1858, and immediately became associ- 
 ated as partner with Judge Stipp, at Princeton, and remained in partnership with 
 him in active practice until he removed to Chicago. His early experiences there, 
 though somewhat discouraging, were at the same time amusing. After opening 
 an office he waited from December till June following and did not get a case 
 to try. He then gave a man five dollars for the privilege of trying his case, and 
 so well satisfied was his client that he paid Mr. Sparling back the five dollars and 
 besides gave him ten dollars for his services, and promised to bring him other 
 business. True to his promise, he soon brought another man, for whom Mr. 
 Sparling brought a suit. The opposite party packed the jury, but Mr. Sparling, 
 having learned how the matter stood, gave the jury such a lashing, exposing their 
 corruption, that, through fear, they brought in a verdict for his client, as in jus- 
 tice they were bound to do. 
 
 He tried the first case that was ever tried in Illinois before a jury of colored
 
 630 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 men. He was burned out in the great conflagration of October 9, 1871, but on 
 the sixteenth of the same month opened an office on the corner of Harrison 
 and State streets, Chicago. He made forcible detainer cases a specialty, as 
 every tenant claimed he had a very long lease and every landlord claimed the 
 leases were very short. In this line of litigation Mr. Sparling became and is yet 
 especially noted for his ability and skill. In 1873 he removed to his present office, 
 in the Exchange Building, and has become widely known, and enjoys the confi- 
 dence and esteem of the bar and a large clientage. As a lawyer he is fearless in 
 advocating what he deems just; has a keen sense of professional honor, and is 
 faithful to his clients. He is a clear and forcible speaker, and a careful, reliable 
 adviser. Personally and socially, he possesses the highest qualities, and by all 
 who know him is recognized and esteemed as a genial companion, with keen wit 
 and a thorough appreciation of the humorous. He is a man of warm sympa- 
 thies, fond of his friends, and in all that he does, maintains the honor and dignity 
 of his profession. 
 
 FRANCIS H. KALES. 
 
 FRANCIS H. KALES was born in Broome county, New York, March 23, 
 1833. His grandfather came from the North of Ireland about the year 1809, 
 when his father was three years of age. The family soon after settled in Che- 
 nango county, New York, near the place of his birth. The father of Mr. Kales 
 was a member of the New York legislature, and held several offices of trust in 
 Chenango county. Francis was fitted for college at Oxford Academy, in the state 
 of New York, and in 1851 entered the sophomore class of 1854 at Yale. Ill health 
 obliged him to give up his college course, and in 1852 he entered the law office 
 of Daniel S. Dickinson, renowned as a lawyer and orator. He completed his law 
 studies with Mr. Dickinson at Binghamton, and was admitted to the New York 
 bar in May 1855. In the following June he came to Chicago and entered the 
 office of Higgins, Beckwith and Strother. He very quickly secured a general 
 practice in the different branches of the law. He was associated for a time with 
 Norman Williams, and in 1866 became a member of the firm of Beckwith, Ayer 
 and Kales. In 1873 Judge Beckwith retired from the firm to accept the position 
 of general solicitor of the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company, and Mr. Kales 
 continued the partnership with Mr. Ayer until that gentleman withdrew to 
 become solicitor of the Illinois Central Railway Company. Mr. Kales then con- 
 tinued his practice alone until 1879, when he formed a business connection with 
 Mr. Perry H. Smith, Jr. 
 
 In 1863 he married the daughter of Dr. N. S. Davis, the head of the Chicago 
 Medical College, and since 1865 has resided on the North Side. Mr. Kales' prac- 
 tice has been very general in its scope, embracing cases involving property, 
 banking and corporation affairs. He has a thorough knowledge of the law, and 
 has been successfully identified with many of the largest property litigations in

 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 633 
 
 Chicago during the last twenty years. He is distinguished for his ability to ana- 
 lyze a case, for untiring devotion to his client's cause and for a quickness of per- 
 ception that is unusual. He has preeminently a judicial mind. As a speaker he 
 is convincing, ready and not easily surprised, and is noted for clearness of state- 
 ment and facility of logical and concise expression. He has a high sense of 
 professional honor, and never knowingly misstates a fact or proposition of law, 
 and as a consequence courts place great reliance upon his arguments. 
 
 Mr. Kales is recognized as one of the ablest lawyers at the Chicago bar, rank- 
 ing high by reason of his brilliant legal talents and his unswerving integrity. As 
 a man he has the unbounded respect of the community, and his social qualities 
 are highly appreciated. 
 
 Mr. Kales is a member of the State and Chicago Bar Associations. He was 
 appointed Lincoln Park commissioner by the governor, but has never sought or 
 held a political office. 
 
 HON. ELLIOT ANTHONY. 
 
 A'lONG the most prominent lawyers of Chicago is Hon. Elliott Anthony, now 
 one of the judges of Cook county, whose career in the legal profession 
 has illustrated to a notable extent the jurisprudence of this state and the North- 
 west. In his profound knowledge of law, in varied learning, and his clear per- 
 ceptions of right, he has few peers. He was born in Spafford, Onondaga county, 
 New York, June i, 1827. His father, Isaac Anthony, was born on the island of 
 Rhode Island, near Newport, an'd his mother, whose maiden name was Phelps, 
 was a relative of the distinguished family of which the late illustrious Chief 
 Justice Salmon P. Chase was a member, and a descendant of the Phelps family. 
 Both parents devoted themselves to the correct development of their children, 
 eight in number, four sons and four daughters; three sisters and one brother are 
 now living. Jane, the oldest of the family, married a Mr. Harvey, and is now 
 living in Chicago; Catherine, the next oldest sister, married Thomas A. Gault, 
 now living in Sterling, Illinois, and the head of the great Keystone Manufactur- 
 ing Company there; the third and youngest sister is unmarried and lives in 
 Sterling; the brother, Dr. Julius Anthony, is also living there and is the head of 
 his profession in that city and that section of the state. His father, his brother 
 Giles, and favorite sister, Sarah, sleep in the village graveyard at Borodino, while 
 his brother Daniel lies buried at Elroy, near Freeport, Illinois. He has been 
 married twice; the second wife, a sister of the first who died in 1864, passed away 
 in 1870. 
 
 His ancestors were conspicuous in the revolutionary war, and in the Dorr 
 rebellion in Rhode Island, and were among the most intelligent, patriotic and 
 substantial settlers there. They were a prominent factor in the westward moving 
 population to the states west, and eventually to central New York, where Judge 
 Anthony was born. Until eighteen years of age he worked on a farm, and 
 67
 
 634 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 attended school when he had an opportunity. His father was a thorough histo- 
 rian, and generally well read and instructive to his children. During his early 
 life Elliott was persevering and studious, and formed those habits which have 
 characterized his subsequent career. During his early manhood the outcropping 
 of this early training and discipline was evidenced, and the inherent principles of 
 his nature, coming down from his ancestors, percolating the surface at every step 
 in after life; and the hidden fire, which had an outer fire to draw it out in the 
 quiet though beautiful surroundings of his youth, to set it burning, came out in a 
 clearly defined blaze when he came in contact with the world, and left no doubt 
 as to his principles and belief in connection with the great questions of the day; 
 hence he has been prominently identified with questions involving liberty and 
 human rights, as the details of his life prove. 
 
 The father, an intelligent and enterprising farmer, gave all his children a good 
 common education. At the age of eighteen Elliott determined upon a classical 
 education, and with that end in view went to Homer Academy, and spent two 
 years in fitting for college, at this time the best and most popular school in cen- 
 tral New York, the distinguished Samuel B. Woolworth being the principal. In 
 1847 he entered the sophomore class of Hamilton College, and graduated with 
 honor in 1850; he then commenced the study of law under that eminent law 
 tutor. Prof. Theodore W. Dwight, and was admitted to practice at Oswego in 
 May, 1851, when he removed to the West and located at Sterling, Illinois, where 
 he remained in practice one year. In July, 1852, he returned east and married 
 Mary Dwight, the sister of his law preceptor, and granddaughter of President 
 Dwight, of Yale College. In the fall of the same year he settled in Chicago, 
 where he has attained a decided success, all without extraneous influences, but 
 by his own ability, force of character, energy and exertion. 
 
 During the first year of his residence in Chicago he, with the aid of his accom- 
 plished wife, compiled a " Digest of the Illinois Reports," the first ever published, 
 which was received with great favor by the bar of the state. In 1858 he was 
 elected city attorney, and distinguished his administration by his energy and 
 ability in guarding the interests of the citv, and was for several years subse- 
 quently retained by the legal authorities in the most important cases in the 
 courts of the state and the United States, involving the interests of the city. In 
 1863 he was appointed general solicitor of the Galena & Chicago Union railway, 
 then the largest in the West, and held that position until the consolidation with 
 the North Western, when he became the attorney of some of the bondholders and 
 the non-consenting stockholders, and was such until the settlement of that mem- 
 orable litigation the most important of the kind that has come before the 
 courts in this country. In connection with that case he prepared and published 
 an argument covering the whole ground in the matter of consolidation of rail- 
 roads, the most complete and exhaustive treatment upon that subject ever put 
 forth. It is now a standard authority in the United States and other courts. 
 
 He was a member of the constitutional conventions of Illinois of 1862 and
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 635 
 
 1870, and was conspicuous in both, as his knowledge of constitutional law was of 
 great advantage to the members; was authority upon all legal questions, and was 
 the author of many of the provisions of our present excellent organic law. His 
 speeches upon the " Powers of the Convention " were masterpieces, and are 
 referred to and quoted to this day. He is the founder of the flourishing Chicago 
 Law Institute, which controls the Law Library; one of the founders of our Pub- 
 lic Library. In the great fire of October 9, 1871, he lost one of the finest law and 
 miscellaneous private libraries in the West, but has mainly replaced it. In pub- 
 lic affairs he is liberal in his views and generous in his action. In the fall of 1880 
 he was elected to the bench of the superior court of Cook county, and as a 
 judge has fully met public expectation and given satisfaction. He has an accu- 
 rate judgment and renders his decisions with clearness, showing a thorough 
 knowledge of law, maturity of scholarship, and grace and force in his diction, and 
 will, if he lives, forcibly and ably illustrate the annals of the bench in our state 
 and still further win the esteem and confidence of the people and bar by courtesy 
 and impartiality, and his life work will be written in the history of his time. 
 
 In politics he is a staunch republican, and his eloquent voice is heard in all 
 important campaigns. He was a member of the last republican convention held, 
 and there distinguished himself by his speech before it in behalf of the contesting 
 delegation in this state and in behalf of the anti-third-term movement. A man 
 of the highest character, he is one of Chicago's best citizens. 
 
 STEPHEN C. KNIGHT. 
 
 STEPHEN C. KNIGHT was born on a farm near Casstown, Miami county, 
 >-J Ohio, February 9, 1847. In 1857 his father's family moved to Champaign 
 county, Illinois, where Stephen was raised and educated, attending the public 
 and high schools, and during summers engaging in farm work. His parents were 
 William D. and Elizabeth Knight. At the opening of the war of the rebellion 
 young Knight, imbued with patriotism, sought to enlist in the military service, 
 but was rejected because of his youthfulness, but in 1864, being a member of a 
 home guards company, he was enlisted in the one-hundred day service in the 
 I34th regiment Ohio Vol. Inf., and the regiment was at once ordered to the 
 front, and spent the entire time in front of Petersburgh and Richmond. 
 
 Upon returning to his home he resumed farming, and gave a portion of his 
 time to study. In 1868 he entered the law department of the University of Michi- 
 gan, taking the regular course, and graduated therefrom in 1870, being admitted 
 to the bar of Michigan in 1871. Immediately afterward he established him- 
 self at Champaign, Illinois, in the practice of his profession. In 1874 he was 
 elected city attorney of Champaign. In 1873 he joined the masonic order, and 
 became a Knight Templar in 1875, and held important offices in each, and in the 
 meantime was doing a prosperous business in the law.
 
 6 7 6 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 J 
 
 In 1875, losing his wife, to whom he was greatly attached, he gave up his prac- 
 tice, and leaving Champaign, went to Council Bluffs, Iowa, but shortly afterward 
 returned and settled at Chicago, with a view of engaging in other business until 
 he should again resume his profession. Mr. Knight is at the present time (1883) 
 engaged in the abstract office of Otto Peltzer, in Chicago, giving his attention to 
 the examination of abstracts and other duties of the office. 
 
 He was married in 1878 to Miss - Doty, a daughter of Col. Theodore Doty, 
 an old resident of Chicago. Mr. Knight is of medium height and athletic phy- 
 sique; is social and genial in his nature and habits; is painstaking and careful as 
 a lawyer, a safe counselor, and being young in years, may hope to attain to a high 
 position in his profession. 
 
 EDWARD G. ASAY. 
 
 AS a criminal lawyer of eminence perhaps no man for the last twenty years 
 /X has enjoyed a higher reputation than Edward G. Asay, while he is remark- 
 ably efficient in all branches of civil practice, into which he has drifted quite 
 extensively. He is a man of great energy of character, which is manifested in 
 all his acts. He is logical, lucid and luminous, quick to catch a point and is fer- 
 tile in resources, and is seldom surprised by any emergency, however sudden or 
 unexpected. He is a polished gentleman, a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
 a city noted for having produced many erudite scholars and professional gentle- 
 men, whose ease and graceful deportment has adorned the legal profession in 
 nearly every state in the Union. He was born September 17, 1825, and is the 
 son of John Asay, a merchant of that city, where he still resides at an advanced 
 age, having long since retired from active business. He was educated in the pri- 
 vate schools of Jacob Harpel and Rev. William B. Mann. His health was deli- 
 cate in those days, but it has been recuperated and he has since become strong 
 and vigorous. In those schools he laid a solid foundation of knowledge, which 
 after acquirements have developed into a cultivated and brilliant scholarship. 
 He prepared for the ministry under Drs. Cooper and Kennedy, both Methodist 
 ministers of culture and celebrity, and then entered into the ministry of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, preaching at Tamaqua and Tremont, in Pennsylva- 
 nia ; Dover, Delaware, and Easton, Maryland. In the year 1849 he married 
 Emma C. Oliver, daughter of James C. Oliver, of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, who 
 is still living and actively engaged in many works of public character. After 
 traveling south, and sojourning a short time in Tallahassee, Florida, he returned 
 north in 1853, and resigned the ministry, retaining the entire confidence and 
 esteem of his colaborers in the church, who recognized fully, but with regret, the 
 reasons rendering imperatively necessary the pursuance of his course, and he 
 retained his parchments up to the year 1858, when at his own request they were 
 canceled.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 637 
 
 In 1853 he commenced the study of the law, and also devoted a portion of his 
 time to mercantile affairs in New York city, contributing meanwhile to many of 
 the leading periodicals, and making many friends among the resident litterateurs. 
 Early in 1856 he passed his examination, the examiners being J. T. Brady, 
 Richard Burteed and Mr. Whiting and Mr. Gerard, and was admitted to the bar. 
 Removing to Chicago in March of that year, he immediately commenced the 
 practice of the law. 
 
 During his first fifteen years of practice at Chicago, he defended over one 
 hundred capital cases in different parts of the country, and not one of his clients 
 suffered the extreme penalty of the law. He has a thorough knowledge of every 
 department of the law, and his reputation for fairness and candor renders him 
 potent before a jury. He is well known as a bibliophile in Europe and America, 
 and his library is a rare collection of literature, especially rich in poetry, it being 
 the collections of a lifetime, having been preserved from the conflagration of 
 1871 by the kindness of his friend, the eminent bibliophilist, Joseph Sabin, of 
 New York, who kept his books at his own house during the absence of Mr. Asay 
 and his wife in Europe, which lasted about eighteen months, when he returned 
 with his family in the fall of 1872 to Chicago, where he has been engaged in the 
 active practice of his profession ever since, except a tour of Russia and Spain, 
 made by himself and wife in 1882, covering about one year. Mr. Asay has rare 
 social qualities and converses clearly and eloquently on all topics, and happily 
 illustrates his ideas with epigrammatic utterances from rioted authors. He is 
 an excellent judge of human nature. 
 
 Personally he is prepossessing, being a little above the medium height, with 
 a massive, well developed form. He has a fine intellectual development of brain, 
 his eyes are kindly blue, his lips full, and his countenance extremely benevolent 
 and genial. 
 
 SAMUEL BARNES GOOKINS. 
 
 THE subject of this biography was a native of Vermont, and was born in 
 Rupert, Bennington county, May 30, 1809. His father emigrated to Rod- 
 man, Jefferson county, New York, in 1812, and died April 12, 1814. Samuel was 
 the youngest of ten children. He started for the West May 5, 1823, not being 
 quite fourteen years of age, accompanied by his mother and a brother twenty- 
 three years of age. The route taken was from Sackett's Harbor to. Lewis- 
 ton, by the steamer Ontario ; thence by wagon to Fort Slasher ; thence in an 
 open boat to Buffalo, and in a schooner to Detroit, and later to Fort Meigs, on 
 the Maumee. They then took a canoe to Fort Wayne, and then an ox team to 
 the headwaters of the Wabash, from which point they descended the river again 
 to Fort Harrison, a place once gallantly defended by Gen. Zachary Taylor against 
 an attack made by the Indians. They settled near the then small village, which 
 is now the flourishing city, of Terre Haute. This was the second family which
 
 638 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 had emigrated to the Northwest by the northern route, the usual route being 
 down the Ohio river. 
 
 The Indians had ceded the territory to the United States by the treaty of 
 1821, yet they occupied the territory through which the emigrants passed. There 
 was but one settler on the Wabash above the settlement, near Fort Wayne, to a 
 point twenty miles above Fort Harrison. In about a year and a half after reach- 
 ing his western home, his mother's death occurred. Cherishing a life-long desire 
 to acquire knowledge, he apprenticed himself, in 1826, to the editor, printer and 
 publisher of the " Western Register," the first newspaper published in Indiana 
 north of Vincennes. His first effort was putting into type the narrative of the 
 death of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, which occurred July 4, 1826, on the 
 fiftieth anniversary of the day they affixed their names to the declaration of inde- 
 pendence. He subsequently became a journalist, acting as such until 1832, when 
 he acquired considerable celebrity as a writer. His articles were terse, pointed 
 and practical, and he took a high rank among his contemporaries. Among the 
 leading journalists of that day were Hezekiah Niles, editor of "Miles' Register," 
 and Gales and Stetson, publishers of the " National Intelligencer." 
 
 Hon. Amory Kinney, then judge of the circuit court, an intimate friend of Mr. 
 Gookins, had repeatedly urged him to study law. Yielding to the persuasions of 
 Judge Kinney, he commenced the study of the profession in which he afterward 
 became a distinguished member. After reading the usual course, he was admitted 
 to the bar in 1834, and thereafter practiced his profession until 1850, when he was 
 appointed to the circuit bench. In the last of August, 1830, he went to Vincennes, 
 the first seat of government of Indiana, to assist in establishing the Vincennes 
 " Gazette," a paper still published there. 
 
 In twenty years from that time he returned to the same place to hold his first 
 court. In 1851 Indiana adopted a new constitution, with an elective judiciary. 
 The state was governed exclusively by democratic views, and he was nominated 
 on the whig ticket for judge of the supreme court, with Charles Dewey, David 
 McDonald and John B. Howe, and defeated by 15,000 majority. Two years later, 
 in 1854, after the passage of the famous Nebraska bill and repeal of the Missouri 
 compromise, he was again nominated to the same position, and elected by about 
 the same majority as that by which he had been defeated two years before. He 
 served as judge about two years, giving universal satisfaction, and gained the 
 reputation of being an upright judge, who could hold the scales of justice with 
 an even hand; and being quick of apprehension, and possessing a clear and logical 
 mind, he filled the position with marked ability. 
 
 He resigned his position in 1858, and removed to Chicago, entering the firm 
 of Gookins, Thomas and Roberts, practicing law until 1877, when, being appoint- 
 ed receiver of the Wabash and Indiana canal, -he returned to Indiana. Within a 
 year thereafter, his family and large circle of friends were called to mourn his 
 death. After his demise, bar meetings were held in Chicago and in several coun- 
 ties in Indiana, where high encomiums were pronounced by his associates at the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 639 
 
 bar and on the bench, when his many deeds of kindness and the history of his 
 eventful and worthy life were reviewed. 
 
 He was married in Terre Haute, Indiana, in January, 1834, to Miss Mary Caro- 
 line Osborne, who survives him. She is a lady of intelligence and refinement, 
 and ever contributed her part to the success of the subject of this sketch. They 
 have two children living: one daughter, married to Rev. George Duey, of Terre 
 Haute, Indiana, and one son, James F. Gookins, of Chicago, an artist of high 
 merit, who has inherited the refinement and taste of his mother, and the intelli- 
 gence of his father; a true gentleman and worthy citizen. 
 
 JOHN S. THOMPSON. 
 
 JOHN S. THOMPSON was born July 31, 1824, at Wilmington, Ohio. He 
 was the son of Abel W. Thompson, and Elizabeth (Scarff) Thompson. John 
 was indeed a self-educated and original character, securing his educational train- 
 ing at a private school at Xenia in Ohio, but being of an inquiring mind and of 
 studious habits, he early cultivated literary tastes, and had an especial zest for 
 historical research. At seventeen years of age, in 1841, he emigrated to Illinois 
 from Ohio, and commenced the preparation for his life-calling, the profession of 
 the law. He entered the law office of his brother, an eminent and thoroughly 
 read lawyer of Mercer county, Illinois, James S. Thompson, at Millersburg, 
 then the county seat of Mercer county. In 1843, at twenty years of age, he was 
 admitted by license of the supreme court of Illinois to assume the responsibili- 
 ties of a member of the bar of Illinois, to practice in all courts of record of the 
 state. He immediately commenced practice, and followed the routine of an 
 extensive practice from 1843 to 1845 in Mercer county and the surrounding coun- 
 ties and circuits. 
 
 In the same year of 1855 he was chosen judge of the tenth judicial circuit of 
 the state of Illinois, which judicial district was composed of Mercer, Henderson, 
 Warren and Knox. The district formerly included Fulton county, but by an act 
 of the legislature of the state, passed through the advocacy of our subject, Ful- 
 ton county was dropped from the tenth circuit. 
 
 Elected for a constitutional term of six years, he held the responsible position 
 for about five years and two months, resigning his position and laying aside the 
 ermine. In 1861 he again resumed practice in Mercer county, and followed the. 
 routine of legal business until 1864, when Judge Charles B. Lawrence was elected 
 supreme judge of the state of Illinois, leaving the judgeship of the tenth circuit 
 vacant, when Judge Thompson was reflected circuit judge to fill the vacancy in 
 the same circuit where he had presided with credit to himself, and to the satisfac- 
 tion and approval of the bar of his district. In 1868 the heavy duties of the 
 office proving too laborious for his health, he again resigned. In the year 1866 
 Judge Thompson enlisted in the enterprise of building a railroad from Galva in
 
 640 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Henry county to the Mississippi river, the terminus being at New Boston. He 
 raised a subscription among the agriculturists and capitalists of Mercer county, 
 of about $175,000, and succeeded in building the road. 
 
 In 1866, against his protest, he was nominated as a candidate for congress, and 
 ran against Gen. Abner C. Harding, one of the most popular men of his district, 
 upon an independent ticket, in the fourth congressional district, but failed of an 
 election. 
 
 In the year 1870 our subject removed to California, remaining at Oakland 
 about two years, during which time he was engaged in traveling up and down 
 the coast of southern California to Oregon. In 1872 he took up his abode at Los 
 Angeles, there resuming the practice of his profession, and at the same time 
 engaging in politics. Against his protest he was made a candidate of the inde- 
 pendent party of the state, there being three tickets in the field, the democratic, 
 republican and the independents, the latter being opposed to railroad monopoly. 
 He was a candidate for congress at the same time John Bidwell, one of the best 
 and most deservedly popular men of California, was a candidate for governor, 
 but the railroad interest and money effected his defeat, though while canvassing 
 the state, in concert with Gov. Bidwell, they had a perfect ovation, and their 
 meetings were large and enthusiastic. After the campaign closed he went to Los 
 Angeles and resumed practice. Judge Thompson is at present engaged in rail- 
 roading at Chicago. 
 
 He is phenomenally unostentatious, but of a clear mind and quick compre- 
 hension, an able advocate, a safe counselor, conscientious in his opinions, cau- 
 tious and shrewd as a manager in any enterprise he enters into. 
 
 Judge Thompson is social and companionable to all whom he meets in his 
 business concerns. He is a republican in his political views and adherence, inde- 
 pendent in his views, but not obtrusive in his sentiments, having a large charity 
 for all sects and conditions. A true friend, and sincere and self-reliant in his 
 intercourse and business and social relations with all. 
 
 GUSTAVE DEMARS. 
 
 USTAVE DEMARS is a Belgian by birth. He was born in the province ol 
 * ~f Namur, December 2, 1835, and is the son of John B. Demars and Victoria 
 (Mathien) Demars. Gustave commenced his education in the common schools. 
 He afterward entered the university at Liege, and graduated at the age of nine- 
 teen years. The following two years we find him engaged in teaching, and on 
 arriving at his majority he entered the army. After a few months he retired 
 from the service, and immigrated with his parents to this country, and settled in 
 Kankakee, Illinois, where he resided and practiced medicine eleven years. Dur- 
 ing the time Mr. Demars resided in Kankakee he edited and published at that 
 place a French paper, which gained quite a prominence as a political sheet. He 
 took part in building the Danville railroad.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 64! 
 
 In 1869 he settled in Chicago, and became connected with the Chicago high 
 school, teaching French. In 1876 he was connected with the county clerk's office 
 in Chicago, in the marriage license department. 
 
 During the later years of his life, Mr. Demars had employed his spare time in 
 the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1879 he was appointed 
 justice of the peace. In politics he is an active republican. He was one of the 
 presidential electors in 1860. 
 
 Mr. Demars takes great interest in French matters, being a member of all of 
 the French societies of the West, and is also connected with the Knights of 
 Pvthias. 
 
 CHARLES F. REMICK. 
 
 /'""CHARLES F. REMICK was born in Brownington, Vermont, November 1 1, 
 V^/ 1829. He was the eldest son of Parge and Laura Remick. His father was 
 a man of great energy and very successful as a farmer, merchant and manufac- 
 turer, in northern Vermont and lower Canada. His mother, Laura (Ward) Rem- 
 ick, belonged to a family distinguished for high attainments in literary and 
 professional life. Charles received an academical education at the place of his 
 birth, and afterward pursued a full course of study at Dartmouth College, where 
 he graduated with high honor in 1853. After leaving college he was principal of 
 an academy at Barnston, Canada, for about a year, after which he began the 
 study of law, and for about two years applied himself assiduously to the same, 
 with the late Hon. John S. Sanborn (brother of the well known Prof. Sanborn, of 
 Dartmouth), at Sherbrooke, Canada, and while there, was honored with several 
 important positions: deputy prothonotary of the superior court of the district of 
 St. Francis, deputy clerk of the Queen's bench, and also of the quarter sessions, 
 clerk of magistrate's court, and secretary and treasurer of the school board for 
 the city of Sherbrooke, all of which he filled with perfect satisfaction to the com- 
 munity, and credit and profit to himself. 
 
 Leaving Canada, Mr. Remick went to Boston, and entered the office of the 
 late Hon. Ithamar W. Beard, then a lawyer of eminence, who was afterward 
 United States sub-treasurer, at Boston. Here he continued his studies with 
 renewed energy, and at the same time entered the senior class in the law college 
 at Cambridge, Massachusetts, of which Rufus Choate, Jr., and Robert Rantoul 
 were fellow members. On completing his course, in the fall of 1855, he was 
 admitted to the bar of Massachusetts, after which he set out for the Great West 
 to seek his fortune, and made his first stand at Decorah, Iowa, embarking first 
 in land speculation at the great United States land sales, which opened in north- 
 ern Iowa in December 1855, and in which he accumulated a handsome fortune, 
 only to see it largely dissipated in the great financial revulsion of 1857. 
 
 Having retired from speculation in 1856, Mr. Remick settled down to his pro- 
 fession in northern Iowa. From the first he took a high rank as a lawyer of abil- 
 68
 
 642 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ity, and became widely known throughout all the northeastern portion of that 
 state. While there he was tendered nominations by the republican party, both 
 to the constitutional convention and state senate, which he declined on account 
 of the pressure of professional duties. 
 
 In 1864 Mr. Remick moved to Chicago, where he continued his practice with 
 great success, and is one of the few attorneys who have amassed a fortune. Mr. 
 Remick was a republican until Gen. Grant's first nomination to the presidency, 
 when, not agreeing with the financial policy, he refused to longer support that 
 party. In 1876 he voted with the greenback party, for Peter Cooper, and has 
 since been an able and enthusiastic supporter of the tenets of that organization, 
 and of the anti-monopolists, by whom, in the. fall of 1882, he was nominated judge 
 of the probate court of Cook county. 
 
 Mr. Remick is a man of sterling worth and business integrity, and as a lawyer 
 an honor to his profession. In religion he is liberal, and belongs to the Reformed 
 Episcopal Church, and is an active Sunday-school worker. 
 
 Mr. Remick married in 1858 Miss Harriet Harrington, of Boston, an estima- 
 ble lady of high literary attainments. 
 
 THOMAS COLLINS WHITESIDE. 
 
 THE subject of this biography is a native of Marion, Grant county,- Indiana, 
 and was born February 28, 1837. During his boyhood, Thomas received 
 fair educational advantages, and preparatory to entering college pursued a course 
 of study at Farmer's College, in College Hill, Ohio. Completing his course there, 
 he in the fall of 1855 entered Union College, at Schenectady, New York, of which 
 the renowned Dr. Nott was at that time president. In college he was a thorough, 
 earnest and close student, and graduated with high honor in the class of 1858. 
 
 While still a youth he had decided to enter the legal profession, and imme- 
 diately upon completing his college course he began the study of law at -Logans- 
 port, Indiana, in the office of Hon. Daniel D. Pratt, afterward United States 
 senator, and still later appointed by President Grant commissioner of internal 
 revenue. 
 
 After being admitted to the bar in 1860, Mr. Whiteside settled at Peoria, Illi 
 nois, and began the practice of his profession, in partnership with Leslie Robin- 
 son. During this same year he returned to Logansport, and married Miss 
 Lavina Walker, daughter of Hon. George B. Walker, of that place, and a few 
 months later settled at Wabash, where his father then resided. In the autumn of 
 the following year, 1861, he was appointed by Gov. Oliver P. Morton state's 
 attorney in the nth judicial district of Indiana, a position to which, at the expi- 
 ration of his term, he was elected on the republican ticket, holding the same with 
 marked ability until the fall of 1864. During the winters of 1864 and 1865 he 
 represented the counties of Kosciusko and Wabash in the state legislature, having
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 643 
 
 been elected on the republican ticket, and during his term of service had the 
 honor of introducing before the legislature the joint resolution ratifying the 
 amendment to the federal constitution abolishing slavery in the United States. 
 In June. 1865, he was appointed by Gov. Morton judge of the 2ist judicial dis- 
 trict of Indiana, comprising five counties, being at that time but about twenty- 
 eight years of age. In the fall of this same year Judge Whiteside was elected to 
 the same office to which he had formerly been appointed, and although his term 
 of office was expected to continue but four years, through some legislative defect, 
 he continued in office until 1871, when he resigned on account of ill health. Prior 
 to this, in 1868, he was a candidate for congress before the republican congres- 
 ' sional convention of his district, in opposition to Hon John U. Pettit, and others, 
 and received a complimentary vote of the convention. At his own request, his 
 name was withdrawn as a candidate, and Hon. Daniel D. Pratt was elected to 
 represent the district. Again in 1872 he was nominated for congress by the liberal 
 republican party, for the nth congressional district of Indiana, being opposed by 
 Hon. James N. Tyner, postmaster-general under President Grant, and subse- 
 quently assistant postmaster-general by appointment of President Hayes. 
 
 In 1873 Judge Whiteside removed to Chicago, having regained his health, and 
 resumed the practice of the law. 
 
 HENRY CRAWFORD. 
 
 HENRY CRAWFORD is one of the ablest lawyers in the Northwest, being 
 the son of an eminent lawyer, inheriting his sagacity and profiting by the 
 early training received in his father's office. He entered at once upon a brilliant 
 and successful career, not surpassed, if equaled, by any man of his age who prac- 
 tices at the Chicago bar. He is about forty-five years of age, and has attained a 
 good reputation as a corporation lawyer. He is the son of the late Judge Craw- 
 ford, of New Albany, Indiana. He graduated at an early age, and was admitted 
 to practice law before he became of age, and went into partnership with his 
 father and entered at once into active practice, and was so very successful, and 
 displayed such magnificent powers, that he enjoyed a high reputation as a cor- 
 poration lawyer before he was twenty-five years of age. 
 
 One of his earliest important cases was a case between the Michigan Central 
 Railroad Company and the New Albany and Salem railroad, where he had for 
 an opponent James F. Joy, a very celebrated and able railroad attorney, in which 
 Mr. Crawford was eminently successful, and in that case gained a widespread 
 reputation. 
 
 At the solicitation of railroad men he came to Chicago in 1869, where he was 
 retained in numerous railroad cases, one of the earliest and most noted of which 
 was that of Kelley vs. the Gilman, Clinton and Springfield Railroad Company, a 
 suit brought by a stockholder for the purpose of annulling something over a
 
 644 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 million dollars of stock which had been issued to the directors by themselves 
 organized as a construction company a sort of "Credit Mobilier" company. 
 Mr. Crawford in this suit was opposed by ex-Gov. Palmer and other famous 
 counsel of central Illinois. But Mr. Crawford was successful from the initiation 
 to the conclusion of the case. From that time forward until he retired, in 1880, 
 he was involved in almost all of the notable railroad litigation in the state of 
 Illinois, and at one time he represented or was opposed to nearly every railroad 
 company in Illinois. Probably no other railroad lawyer in Illinois had as lucra- 
 tive a practice as Mr. Crawford. 
 
 As an attorney he presents the unusual combination of being one of the 
 quickest and industrious members of the profession, added to a comprehensive 
 understanding of the principles of law and almost marvelous recollection of 
 precedents. He can with great readiness state a principle and refer to the 
 authorities which illustrate it. He is not only an eloquent and logical advocate, 
 but no man more thoroughly appreciates or handles the technical opportunities 
 afforded him than Mr. Crawford. He is as fluent, witty, incisive, luminous and 
 logical an advocate as ever practiced law in Chicago, and during his active career 
 as a lawyer measured lances with nearly every lawyer of repute in the Northwest, 
 and some of the leading lawyers who practice in the Supreme Court at Washing- 
 ton. Mr. Crawford retired from law practice to engage in railroad business, and 
 he is as brilliant a financier as he was railroad lawyer. 
 
 HON. ROMANZO BUNN. 
 
 ONE of the most highly esteemed and respected judges in the Northwest isx 
 Hon. Romanzo Bunn, judge of the United States district court. His early 
 life up to the age of seventeen years was spent on his father's farm, where he 
 labored summers and attended the district school winters. He is a native of the 
 Empire State, and was born in South Hartwick, Otsego county, September 24, 
 1829. He removed with his father's family in 1832 to Mansfield, Cattaraugus 
 county, New York, which was then a wilderness. In the fall of 1846 he entered 
 the academy at Springville, Erie county, New York, attending fall and summer 
 terms for three years, and teaching winters, continuing the occupation of a 
 teacher a portion of the time until he was twenty-four years old. He commenced 
 the study of the law at Elyria, Ohio, in the spring of 1849, in the office of McAch- 
 erson and Myers, with his old friend and classmate, Charles C. Wilson, now a 
 leading member of the Minnesota bar at Rochester, Minnesota, and afterward 
 continued the study of the law until September, 1853, in the office of Harmon and 
 Wood, at Ellicottsville, New York, and was then admitted to the bar, and immedi- 
 ately went in company with William H. Wood, a member of the firm with which he 
 studied. This partnership continued until the fall of 1854. In August of that year 
 he was married to Miss Sarah Purdy, of Mansfield, New York, and in September
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 645 
 
 of that year removed to Sparta, Wisconsin, where he remained during the winter 
 of 1854-55, and in the spring of 1855 he settled at Galesville, the county seat of 
 Trempealeau county. The country was very new, and in addition to his law busi- 
 ness he devoted his attention in part to agriculture. In the winter of 1860 he 
 served a term in the legislature, representing the assembly district then composed 
 of Trempealeau, Jackson and Buffalo counties. He removed to Sparta in the 
 spring of 1861 and opened a law office. He continued the practice of the law 
 there until the spring of 1868. He was then elected circuit judge of the sixth 
 circuit, and was reflected in the spring of 1874, which position he filled with 
 marked ability until October, 1877, when he was appointed by President Hayes 
 United States district judge of the western district of Wisconsin. This appoint- 
 ment made it necessary for him to remove to Madison, which he did with his 
 family in the summer of 1879, where he still resides. 
 
 Judge Bunn occasionally holds court in Chicago. He is a gentleman of fine 
 presence, being tall, with a genteel figure; has a high, intellectual forehead, with 
 blue eyes. He is active in both mind and body, and presides with an ease, grace 
 and dignity equaled by few judges on the bench. His rulings are prompt and 
 accurate, and his charges to the jury are learned in the law, lucid and forcibly 
 delivered. In his daily intercourse and upon the bench Judge Bunn is affable and 
 suave in his manner. He has the respect and good will of the eminent attorneys 
 who appear before him in court, and the admiration of the community wherever 
 he is known, and is considered one of the pillars of the system of jurisprudence 
 as established on the immutable principles of justice in this great republic. 
 
 JAMES F. LATHAM. 
 
 AMONG the younger members of the Chicago bar perhaps none is more 
 favorably known than the subject of this sketch. He was born at the city 
 of New Orleans, February 17, 1850. His father was the late Lorenzo Latham, who 
 was for many years a conspicuous figure in that city, and well known as the 
 editor-in-chief and one of the proprietors of the New Orleans "Picayune." His 
 mother was a Miss Barfield, of a prominent southern family. The intention of 
 his parents to fit their only son for the bar was indicated in the careful education 
 he received during his youth, and shortly after the rebellion he was sent abroad 
 to complete his studies at Paris, and make the tour of the old word. He re- 
 mained abroad two years, and returned to New Orleans to begin the study of his 
 chosen profession, under the tutelage and direction of Judge E. C. Billings, 
 United States district judge of the first district of Louisiana. He was admitted 
 to practice in the spring of 1868. In 1869 Mr. Latham came to Chicago, and 
 entered the office of Dent and Black, to familiarize himself with the common 
 law practice of this state. A year later he hung out his shingle in the Bryan 
 block, and had reached an enviable position for so young a man when the great 
 fire destroyed the city.
 
 646 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Latham soon became interested in some mining matters, which called him 
 west, and while in San Francisco he gave some attention to journalism, and was 
 one of the founders of the San Francisco "Argonaut," which is still in existence, 
 and has-been a very successful journal. 
 
 In 1877 he returned to Chicago and gave his full attention to his profession, 
 and soon attained a large and desirable clientage, having considerable business 
 in the way of theatrical litigation and general practice. In politics he is an active 
 democrat. He is a member of the Iroquois Club, and also a member of the 
 Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity, which was founded by his father in connection with 
 two others in 1831, and the badge now used by the society members was origi- 
 nated and designed by his father in 1832. In religion Mr. Latham was brought 
 up in the Episcopalian church, of which he is still an attendant. 
 
 HON. KIRK HAWES. 
 
 KIRK HAWES was born in Worcester county, Massachusetts. He springs 
 from an old New England family of considerable note. His father was a 
 prominent actor in the old whig party, and a highly respected and influential man; 
 a brother of Dr Joel Hawes, a celebrated New England divine, who was pastor of 
 the First Congregational Church, .at Hartford, Connecticut, for nearly half a cen- 
 tury; and author of several theological works, which were authoritative and 
 standard works forty years ago. Kirk Hawes is a brother of Mrs. Mary J. Holmes, 
 a gifted authoress, whose voluminous works of fiction are found on the shelves of 
 every bookstore in the Union, and have a large sale in other countries. She ranks 
 with Harriet Beecher Stbwe, and that galaxy of New England women who have 
 illustrated the annals of literature in this country. 
 
 When at the age of fourteen years, his father having died, being a robust and 
 intelligent boy, he was taken into the service of the noted merchant and East 
 India trader, Robert S. Shaw, and was sent by him to the East Indies in the inter- 
 ests of that trade, in which he continued for four or five years, visiting nearly all 
 parts of the world, and having an ambition to obtain an education, he entered 
 Munson (Massachusetts) Academy, remained three years and fitted for college. 
 In the fall of 1859 he entered the freshman class of Williams College, Massa- 
 chusetts, and at the close of the junior year he enlisted for the nine months service 
 in the army, there being an urgent call for men. He raised a company at and 
 near his home, and was sent to the Gulf with Gen. Banks when he relieved 
 Butler. He remained in the service after his term of enlistment had expired, 
 until the surrender of Vicksburg, when he returned to Williams College and 
 graduated with honors in the fall of 1864. After graduating he entered the law 
 office of Bacon and Aldrich, Worcester, Massachusetts, where he remained about 
 one year, when he came to Chicago, completed his studies, was admitted to the 
 bar, and forming a partnership with H. T. Helm, commenced practice; continued
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 647 
 
 with Mr. Helm until the fall of 1871, when he formed a partnership with A. H. 
 Lawrence, a former class-mate, under the firm of Hawes and Lawrence, which 
 continued until Mr. Hawes' elevation to the superior court bench in 1880. 
 
 The Chicago "Times "in its issue of October 31, 1880, during the election 
 and just after Mr. Hawes had been nominated for superior judge, made the follow- 
 ing truthful comments: 
 
 "Mr. Hawes is one of the most widely known lawyers practicing at this bar. 
 His reputation abroad is of the best. It is more than a merely professional rep- 
 utation. His elevation to the bench would reflect credit upon Chicago. He came 
 to Chicago several years ago, almost immediately after graduating with honors 
 from one of the 'principal universities of the East. He entered almost at once 
 upon the practice of law, in which within a very short time he took high rank. 
 His practice has been of the best, and lucrative enough to have secured him a 
 handsome competence. There are few lawyers in this country more distinguished 
 for practical knowledge of the law, for keen perceptive faculties, fine executive 
 abilities, or nice sense of right and wrong. Mr. Hawes is a student, a man of 
 liberal views and great intellectual force. While a strong republican by convic- 
 tion he has never, in the commonly accepted sense of the word, been a partisan. 
 His voice has ever been heard on the side of common sense and justice. More 
 than once it has been raised successfully against some blind fanaticism of his 
 party. In local affairs he has never tied himself, to party, but has chosen rather 
 to favor what seemed most likely to forward the general good. In matters of 
 principle only is he a party man. As between men, when a question was one 
 involving fitness for office, rather than party principle, he has invariably been 
 found favoring the best man. The scope of his mind was forcibly shown, during the 
 silver craze some four years ago, he wrote an essay on the metallic question, which 
 attracted the admiring attention of educated men everywhere, and did as much, 
 perhaps, as any other one thing to check the folly of that dangerous movement. 
 His independence of thought and feeling in political affairs was illustrated last 
 spring, when in the face of party power and machinery he boldly headed a minor- 
 ity, and contended against hero worship that threatened to overwhelm the repub- 
 lican organization under the avalanche of popular feeling against third termism. 
 To Mr. Hawes more than to any other one man in Illinois was due the success 
 of the struggle which ended in the admission of the unpledged delegates from 
 this state to the national convention, a move which may be held as having pre- 
 vented the nomination of Gen. Grant. His fight for the Farwell Hall delegates 
 at Springfield enabled his associates to go before the superior tribunal (national 
 convention) of Chicago, with a record that compelled attention. But for his fore- 
 sight in forcing that record, the contestants would have come up to this city with- 
 out a case, and the whole history of the national campaign, possibly of this 
 nation, might have been changed by their failure. His plea before the state con- 
 vention was a model of clear, forcible, terse and eloquent reasoning, and with any 
 other than a packed tribunal it must have succeeded. In his private character
 
 648 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mr. Hawes is wholly blameless. He is admittedly a high minded, honorable 
 gentleman. Like all positive men, he has enemies, but the enemies of Mr. Hawes 
 are of a kind that do him honor. If he has a fault, it is that he never hesitates 
 to speak his mind, once it is made up, but he is not hasty in judgment. His 
 methods of thought are concise and healthful. In every juncture of doubt he is 
 charitable, but once made up, his conclusions are procrustean. It would be a 
 matter of profound regret with every enlightened citizen, if now that he is in nom- 
 ination, Mr. Hawes should fail of success." 
 
 This is so clear, concise and accurate an estimate of Mr. Hawes' character, and 
 foreshadows so plainly what he proves to be as judge that we give it in full. 
 There is but one judge younger in years on the bench, and no'other who was a 
 soldier. He has more than fulfilled the expectations of his most sanguine friends, 
 in the discharge of the functions of his high position. He brought to the bench 
 learning in the law, independence of thought, quickness of perception and 
 urbanity in manner, qualities a judge should possess. If precedents are lacking, 
 he does not hesitate to make one. He respects time-honored decisions, of course, 
 but he is progressive, and has a mind of his own, and the courage to decide con- 
 trary to them if he believes he is right on the foundation principles, with due 
 regard to the equitable side of the case. In short he is a man of great firmness 
 and independence of character and action; in all of his tastes and habits exhibits 
 an unaffected simplicity. He has so far proven to be one of the best judges on 
 the bench in this county, and there is not the slightest reason to think that he will 
 not continue to preserve the purity of his ermine. 
 
 In 1871 he married Lizzie H. Dunham, daughter of J. H. Dunham, of Chi- 
 cago, and has by her three children. 
 
 HON. GEORGE GARDNER. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch, who is now one of the judges of the superior 
 court of Cook county, was born April 25, 1826, in the town of Chili, Monroe 
 county, New York. His father's name was John Gardner, also a native of the 
 same county, of which his father, also named John, was one of the earliest set- 
 tlers, having emigrated with his father (Benjamin) from Lebanon, Connecticut, 
 shortly after the close of the revolutionary war. His mother was Susan Eckler, 
 a native of Herkimer county, New York, whose ancestors were among the earliest 
 settlers of the Mohawk valley. His father was a farmer, and his early education 
 was that afforded by the common schools of the neighborhood and a neighbor- 
 ing village, to which was added a considerable term of study at the Collegiate 
 Institute at Brockport, in the same county. 
 
 Leaving home first in the fall of 1844 he came around the lakes to Chicago, 
 and spent about ten months in northern Illinois and Wisconsin, returning home 
 in July 1845. After another year spent at school, in the fall of 1846 he embarked
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 649 
 
 on a whaling voyage, which took him around Cape Horn to some of the islands 
 in the Pacific Ocean, into the North Pacific and the Japan and Okhotsk Seas, 
 from which he returned in the spring of 1848. After his return he spent his sum- 
 mers upon the farm and his winters in teaching school till the summer of 1850, 
 when he commenced the study of the law at Rochester, New York, with Wm. F. 
 Cogswell, now one of the most eminent members of the profession in that city. 
 Having passed his examination, he was admitted to the bar at Rochester in 
 March 1852. He remained with his preceptor for a year thereafter, and then 
 opened an office in the same city, where he remained till January, 1854, when he 
 removed to La Fayette, Indiana, where he practiced his profession successfully 
 until May, 1863, when he removed to Chicago, where he has ever since resided. 
 
 From 1866 to 1872 he was associated with Robert Jones, now of La Fayette, 
 Indiana, the firm name being Jones and Gardner. On January i, 1873, he 
 formed a partnership with Daniel J. Schuyler, now of Chicago, the firm name 
 being Gardner and Schuyler, which arrangement continued until dissolved, 
 December i, 1880, by his elevation to the bench of the superior court. 
 
 Judge Gardner has been twice married, first at La Fayette, Indiana, in June, 
 1858, to Maria Jones, who deceased in May, 1870, and again at Chicago, in No- 
 vember, 1872, to Mary J. Brooks, who is his present wife. 
 
 Soon after his removal to Chicago he established a large professional busi- 
 ness, and at the time of his election to the bench, his firm was in the enjoyment 
 of a large and lucrative practice, both in chancery and at the common law, as 
 well as in admiralty. He has never held any public office except the one he now 
 fills, and while not active as a politician, he has always been a member of the 
 republican party. 
 
 Soon after his removal to the West, he connected himself with the Masonic 
 Fraternity, in which he has held several prominent official positions. While a 
 student he became connected with the Protestant Episcopal church, and still 
 maintains that connection. 
 
 Judge Gardner has developed marked judicial ability since his accession to 
 the bench: He has given general satisfaction to the members of the bar who 
 practice before him. They are unanimous in expressions of confidence in his 
 ability, impartiality, and judgment. He has already acquired a reputation as a 
 model judge. 
 
 JAMES M. CLEAVER. 
 
 JAMES M. CLEAVER is a native of Chicago, and was born December 15, 1860. 
 He is the son of Edward C. Cleaver, a prominent real-estate dealer in Chi- 
 cago. His mother before marriage was Miss Caroline Howe. The first business 
 tenerprise that engaged the attention of James M. was in connection with the 
 Elgin National Watch Company, with which company he was connected five 
 years. He entered Chicago Union College of Law, and graduated therefrom in 
 69
 
 650 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 1882, and was admitted to the bar the same year, and immediately commenced 
 practice with the well known firm of Smith and Burgett, Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Cleaver is a young lawyer of much promise. He is energetic, of fine 
 ability, well read in his profession, discriminating in his practice, and bids fair 
 to attain high rank in his profession. 
 
 HON. ERASTUS SMITH WILLIAMS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Salem, New York, May 22, 1821. He 
 was educated at the academy in Salem, New York, and at Hadley, Massa- 
 chusetts, and was for a time a student in the University of Alabama. Taking Mr. 
 Greeley's advice, long before Mr. Greeley thought of it, he came west, and as 
 early as 1842 settled in Chicago and commenced the study of the law in the office 
 of Butterfield and Collins, who were in the front rank of the lawyers at the Chi- 
 cago bar at that time. Mr. Williams was admitted to the bar by the supreme 
 court in 1844, and so marked were his abilities that Mr. Butterfield formed a 
 copartnership with him, under the firm name of Butterfield and Williams, Mr. 
 Collins retiring from the firm. The connection with Mr. Butterfield continued 
 but a short time, the other member of the old firm, Mr. Collins, securing the 
 young man as his partner. The firm of Collins and Williams continued until the 
 death of its senior member, which occurred in 1854. After Mr. Collins' death, 
 Judge Manniere, of the circuit court, who, too, had become impressed with Mr. 
 Williams' ability, appointed him master of chancery in his court, which position 
 he retained until 1863, when Judge Manniere died, and Mr. Williams was nomi- 
 nated and elected to the vacant judgeship. Judge Williams remained sole judge 
 of the circuit court until its reorganization, in 1870, when he became chancellor 
 and chief-justice. He retained the latter office for a short time only, but remained 
 chancellor until he retired from the bench, in 1879. 
 
 The fall of 1879 was a disastrous one for the republican party in Chicago. All 
 the republican candidates for the judgeship were defeated that year, and Judge 
 Williams suffered defeat with his party. No man enjoys defeat, but the loss of 
 his position was Judge.Williams' financial gain. He immediately entered upon 
 the practice of the law, and has since enjoyed a large and steadily increasing 
 practice. 
 
 This result might have been predicted. For over sixteen years Judge Williams 
 had enjoyed a reputation for ability and probity unsurpassed by that enjoyed by 
 any lawyer at the bar or on the bench. Although attacked by an editor whom 
 he had the courage to order to jail, the attacks fell harmless from his unsullied 
 ermine, and rather served to show in a brighter light his disinterestedness and 
 courage. 
 
 These qualities, indeed, were his characteristics as a judge, and, added to 
 great legal acquirement and unquestioned forensic ability, make him one of the
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 651 
 
 few leading members of the Illinois bar to-day. No man practicing before it has 
 a greater weight with judge or jury than has Erastus S. Williams, of whom the 
 " Legal News " says: 
 
 "As a lawyer Judge Williams is not only learned, but wise, never forgetting 
 the spirit in the letter. His patience is truly admirable. He can endure even a 
 tedious and pointless argument, and such is his uniform courtesy that the young- 
 est lawyer approaches the bench without fear. He is exceedingly tolerant of the 
 mistakes of the inexperienced. He does not descend to unseemly disputes with 
 counsel. He presides with dignity and decides without fear. He is singularly 
 impartial. Neither friendship nor enmity can sway his judgment. No man can 
 cast a blot on his unsullied reputation. His career is a shining example for the 
 young. The treasures of intellect glitter and attract, but they are valueless unless 
 truth and justice stand guard over them. Judge Williams is wise, but he is also 
 good, and this two-fold cord is not quickly broken. Long may he live to illus- 
 trate and adorn his high station." 
 
 HON. WILLIAM H. BARNUM. 
 
 WILLIAM H. BARNUM, one of the five judges of the circuit court of Cook 
 county, was elected to that position June 2, 1879, for a term of six years. 
 He was born in Onondaga county, New York, February 15, 1840, but has been 
 an Illinoisan for upward of forty years, his parents and relatives having removed 
 to this state with him in 1842, and located at Belleville, in St. Clair county. There 
 he passed his boyhood and youth, receiving such educational advantages as the 
 private schools afforded, until, in his sixteenth year, he was sent to the State Nor- 
 mal University at Ypsilanti, Michigan. He attended that institution altogether 
 about two years and a half, devoting, however, some considerable intervals of 
 time to teaching at Belleville, and thereby contributed materially to his college 
 expenses at the Normal, and subsequently at Michigan University, Ann Arbor, 
 where he was admitted as sophomore, in the fall of 1858, in the classical depart- 
 ment. His class was graduated in 1861, but he remained with them no longer 
 than the commencement of the junior year. Nevertheless, within a few years 
 past, his alma mater conferred upon him, unsolicited, its honorary degree of M.A., 
 with complimentary allusions to his college record for scholarship. 
 
 On leaving the university, he resumed teaching at Belleville, keeping on with 
 his classical, literary and historical studies, employing competent professors to 
 further instruct him in Latin, Greek and German. At twenty years of age, in 
 July, 1860, he was there married to a companion of his childhood, Miss Clara 
 Hyde, a young lady of respectable family, the sister of William Hyde, editor 
 of the Saint Louis " Republican " newspaper. At the same time, he began an 
 assiduous study of the law, to which he had all along been paying some atten- 
 tion, that profession having been to him a manifest destiny from childhood. This
 
 652 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 special bent of his mind was doubtless due to his very early and constant contact 
 with the members of perhaps as brilliant a bar as any in the West, men then 
 and since distinguished for their great forensic powers and juridical learning, 
 many of whom were exalted by sheer force of their merits to positions of dignity 
 in the service of the state and nation. Among them may be enumerated Gov. 
 John Reynolds, Gen. James Shields, late Chief-Justice Sidney Breese, Senator 
 Lyman Trumbull, Hon. Don. Morrison, Gov. Gustavus Koerner, Hon. William H. 
 Underwood. Gov. William H. Bissel. Hon. William H. Snyder, still a circuit judge, 
 Hon. Jehu Baker, M.C., and now United States minister to Venezuela, Judge 
 Nathaniel Niles, Hon. Philip B. Fonke, M.C., Hon. John Hay, M.C., Hon. Charles 
 P. Johnson, afterward lieutenant-governor of Missouri, and Hon. George Trum- 
 bull, brother of the senator, in whose office at Belleville the subject of this sketch 
 began and pursued the regular study of the law until admitted to practice, in the 
 fall of 1862. 
 
 At this time, also, the Belleville bar was graced by a talented group of younger 
 men, most of whom have achieved success and honors in the same community. 
 Immediately after his admission, Mr. Barnum removed to Randolph county, Illi- 
 nois, where he was a total stranger, and opened a law office at Chester, the county' 
 seat, situated on the Mississippi river, about eighty miles below Saint Louis. 
 Originally intending to remain there only two years, and then to go to Saint 
 Louis or Chicago, he met with such success in the Randolph circuit, which em- 
 braced five counties, that he practiced there five years. He had no partner. His 
 practice was general, embracing common law, chancery and probate matters, as 
 well as criminal law. The land suits and criminal trials which he conducted 
 were many of them quite remarkable, and gave him very considerable local prom- 
 inence. He, also, during the same period, practiced in the supreme court at 
 Springfield. During the first three years of his stay at Chester he held two terms 
 of appointment as master in chancery, but retired from the position when his 
 practice became more lucrative. In the autumn of 1867 he accepted an invitation 
 to come to Chicago and form a copartnership with Lawrence J. J. Nissen, a well 
 known attorney of this city, who had previously been in partnership with Gen. 
 Hasbrouck Davis, and afterward with Francis Adams, the present corporation 
 counsel. The connection thus formed continued for ten years, until the summer 
 of 1877. January i, 1876, however, the new firm of Harding, Nissen and Barnum 
 was formed, Hon. George F. Harding becoming senior member. 
 
 During those ten years Mr. Barnum attended almost exclusively to the court 
 practice, and acquired very considerable distinction as a trial lawyer, as well as 
 for his legal arguments and briefs in the supreme court. His forensic success 
 was greatly promoted by the happy taste and talent of Mr. Nissen for office busi- 
 ness, and by his invaluable aid in the preparation of cases. In Mr. Harding's 
 magnificent law library Mr. Barnum found a long coveted arsenal of principles 
 and precedents, which he often used with telling effect. 
 
 In the summer of 1877 the firm was amicably dissolved, Mr. Harding's large
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 653 
 
 private and property interests demanding his almost exclusive attention, and pre- 
 cluding the possibility of his taking much part in general practice. Thereupon, 
 Mr. Barnum and Mr. Cornelius Van Schaack entered into a copartnership, which 
 was pleasantly and profitably continued until the promotion of the former to the 
 bench, in the summer of 1879. The rank and estimation in which he was then 
 generally held will appear from an editorial sketch published in the Chicago 
 " Times " of April 27, 1879, and substantially indorsed by the other papers of the 
 city both before and after the election: 
 
 "Mr. William H. Barnum, at the age of forty, has achieved a leading position at the Chicago 
 bar. His mind is eminently judicial. He has practiced at the bar for seventeen years, and in 
 Chicago for twelve years. For a man in middle life, Mr. Barnum has handled an unusual number 
 of exceedingly important cases, and always with consummate ability. He won especial prominence 
 in the famous Turner lorgery cases, the most remarkable litigation ever before a court in this city. 
 In these cases, which he fought single-handed, he was opposed by Messrs. Swett, Storrs, Ketchum, 
 of Jacksonville, and other attorneys. He was also associated with Judge McAllister in the great 
 Uhtich-Muhlke case, involving nearly two millions of property. He argued a case gratuitously 
 which broke up the old reform-school outrage. Mr. Barnum is receiving a powerful backing from 
 the bar, many leading members of which are interesting themselves in pushing him to the front. 
 Politically Mr. Barnum has been a life-long democrat, though never a violent partisan. He is a 
 lawyer, and not a politician." 
 
 Judge Barnum's judicial career is matter of public record. By arrangement 
 with his colleagues, he took the chancery bench and held it for three years, dis- 
 posing of a vast amount of business in that time. The docket was loaded down 
 with arrearages from former years to the extent of some twelve hundred cases, 
 many of them known as "snags," and terrors to both bar and bench. Some of 
 these unavoidably consumed in their hearing a month apiece of Judge Barnum's 
 time. The bar generally appreciated the cause of the delay, and credited the 
 judge for the promptness with which cases were brought to trial and decided. 
 By means of general calls and studied acceleration of the docket, and his inva- 
 riably speedy decision of causes and motions, his chancery calendar was reduced 
 to comparatively small and quite manageable proportions at the time it was 
 turned over in September, 1882, to his able successor, Judge Moran. Judge Bar- 
 num left nothing undecided which had ever been submitted to him. He then 
 took a common law docket, pursuant to the arrangement mentioned, not because 
 of any preference for it, but from a desire to keep abreast with the bar and with 
 the progress of legal questions through the courts. He has held his terms of the 
 criminal court also, and presided there at many important trials. In the course 
 of his judicial duties in the several departments mentioned, Judge Barnum has 
 been called upon to decide causes of great magnitude, of both public and private 
 concern, and questions of unusual difficulty and delicacy. How well and cor- 
 rectly he has decided them, appears in part from the published reports of 
 appealed cases in the supreme and appellate court reports, and otherwise by the 
 general acquiescence of the bar. His decrees and judgments have been almost 
 uniformly affirmed. He has sometimes had occasion in the discharge of his
 
 654 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 duties to go counter to some temporary phases of general or local public senti- 
 ment, but has not hesitated to act upon his convictions of law and justice, regard- 
 less of consequences. Judge Barnum doubtless feels that his stake in the com- 
 munity is as great as any man's can be who has a wife and five promising children. 
 
 NEWTON C. WHEELER. 
 
 NEWTON CALVIN WHEELER, son of Calvin and Sarah J. (Hoyt) Wheeler, 
 was born at Bristol, Kendall county, Illinois, August 21, 1849. His father 
 was a native of New Hampshire and his mother of Connecticut. They after- 
 ward resided and were married in the state of New York, whence they removed 
 in 1834 to Kendall county, Illinois, where the former was a prominent physician 
 and honored citizen until his death, which occurred in 1876, and where the latter 
 still resides on the old homestead at Bristol. 
 
 At the age of sixteen after the usual attendance at the public school of his 
 native village, Mr. Wheeler entered Clark's Seminary, at Aurora, to prepare for 
 college. He subsequently completed his preparatory studies at Beloit College, 
 which he entered in the fall of 1867. The fall and winter 1868-69 he spent in 
 teaching near his home, and, although but a boy, was highly successful, and 
 evinced a peculiar talent in that direction. His intention had been to return to 
 Beloit and pursue his college course, but yielding to the solicitations of friends, 
 he changed his purpose, and in the fall of 1869 joined the freshman class of the 
 University of Chicago. Here he continued his studies uninterruptedly until after 
 the great fire of October, 1871, when he discontinued them for a time, to take a 
 position as tutor in Washington University, at St. Louis, Missouri. As a teacher 
 he achieved a decided success, and declined an invitation to continue his services 
 at that institution at an advanced salary, in order to return to college and finish 
 his course. 
 
 Resuming his studies at the university in the fall of 1872, he again abandoned 
 them temporarily, at the urgent request of the president of the college, to take 
 charge of the Winnetka Academy, then a branch of the university, but refused a 
 permanent engagement in that capacity, and, returning to college, graduated in 
 the classical course with the class of 1873, a class noted in the annals of the uni- 
 versity for scholarship and oratorical ability. As a writer and speaker, Mr. 
 Wheeler was counted among the first of his class, his graduating oration receiv- 
 ing the highest encomiums of the local press. 
 
 In college he was a commanding spirit, an earnest student and an excellent 
 scholar. He was at the same time a leader in college sports, and a whole-souled, 
 generous companion, meriting and obtaining the highest regard of both teachers 
 and college mates. He was an enthusiastic member of the Psi Upsilon Fraternity, 
 and in his senior year was elected president of his class. 
 
 The year following his graduation Mr. Wheeler spent at the Union College of
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 655 
 
 Law at Chicago, and subsequently continued his legal studies in the law office of 
 Lyman and Jackson, and upon examination before the supreme court of Ottawa, 
 in September, 1875, was admitted to the bar of Illinois. Called home by the 
 the serious illness of his father whose death occurred in May 1876, he was 
 engaged during the remainder of that year in settling up his father's estate, and 
 subsequently spent a year traveling on business through the central and southern 
 states. Upon his return to Chicago he spent six months assisting H. W. Jackson, 
 receiver of the Third National Bank of Chicago, in settling up the business 
 of that institution, and in the fall of 1878 opened an office and began the practice 
 of law on his own account. In May, 1881, he formed, with Col. D. W. Munn, 
 under the firm name of Munn and Wheeler, a partnership, which has proved in 
 all respects eminently successful. 
 
 As a lawyer Mr. Wheeler possesses rare good judgment, is purely practical, 
 and brings to his profession a full and varied fund of classical and legal learning ; 
 is able to present his thoughts in consultation or argument clearly, intelligently, 
 forcibly and confidently, and without waste of words. As a business man and in 
 his private life Mr. Wheeler sustains a manly, upright character, and is universally 
 esteemed for his frank, honorable and generous dealing. He is a man of culti- 
 vated and refined tastes, courteous in his deportment, a true gentleman, and a 
 friend always to be relied upon. He was married November 12, 1881, to Miss 
 Lizzie M., a daughter of Richard Stiles, of Chicago. 
 
 CHARLES W. COOPER. 
 
 THE following facts are mostly extracts from " Bibliotheca Canadensis." 
 Charles W. Cooper was born in England in 1842. He founded the Literary 
 and Historical Society of Toronto, and has long been a frequent contributor to 
 the newspaper and periodical press of Canada, on miscellaneous subjects. Was 
 secretary in 1849 of the central committee of the British American League, and 
 contributed what was known as the League articles in the Toronto "Patriot," 
 and other newspapers; contributed to the " Maple Leaf Magazine," during its 
 existence. Is legal editor and reporter to the Toronto " Globe," author of 
 " Remarks on the Proposed Abolition of the Court of Chancery: Kingston, 1851." 
 "The writer has treated the subject in an upright, honorable and candid manner. 
 'Sun, Pictou.'" "A prize Essay on the Features and Resources of the United 
 Counties of Frontenac, Lennox and Addington: Kingston, 1856." Several public 
 spirited inhabitants of the counties above named having offered a prize of ^100 
 (one hundred pounds) for the best essay on the above subject, Mr. Cooper was 
 declared the successful competitor, and in addition to the prize awarded, received 
 a vote of thanks from the corporation of Kingston, together with a present of 
 ^25. "Canadian Tales, from a Canadian Pen. French Words, or Twice Mar- 
 ried: Toronto ' Colonist,' 1859." " Equity Digest: Toronto, 1866."
 
 656 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 \ 
 Mr. Cooper has published a supplement to the above work, the two books 
 
 making a volume of some 1300 octavo pages; also two volumes of reports for the 
 law society of Ontario, entitled " Chancery Chamber Reports," and was connected 
 with other literary enterprises, until his leaving Canada a few years ago. Since 
 his arrival here he has not published anything, contributing only occasional arti- 
 cles to literary and legal journals, but is understood to be engaged on a law work 
 of some magnitude, for one of the largest law publishing houses of the West, for 
 which, from the standing of author and publisher, we may safely bespeak success. 
 
 DANIEL J. SCHUYLER. 
 
 DANIEL J. SCHUYLER was born in the town of Florida, Montgomery 
 county, New York, February 16, 1839. His father, Jacob D. Schuyler, was 
 a farmer, and was a descendant of one of the oldest and best known Knicker- 
 bocker families, so prominent in the history of the state of New York. Gen. 
 Philip Schuyler, of revolutionary fame, was of the same family. The subject of 
 this mention was educated in the schools of the section where he was born, and 
 finally in Union College. Soon after leaving college, and in 1861, he entered the 
 law office of Hon. Francis Kernan, Utica, New York, the late United States sen- 
 ator from that state. After completing his course of study, he was admitted to 
 the bar in January, 1864, and came to Chicago the same month, and has been 
 engaged in practice here since. He was alone in practice until January, 1873, 
 when he formed a partnership with Hon. George Gardner, which continued until 
 the latter was elected to the bench of the superior court in 1880, when he formed 
 a partnership with George A. Follansbee, which firm, Schuyler and Follansbee, 
 is now doing a successful law business, and is one of the most reliable in this 
 city. As a lawyer he is thorough and painstaking. He is especially accurate in 
 the preparation of his case, and never goes into court without knowing all about 
 it, and makes so clear a presentation that judge and jury understand it as well as 
 himself. His success in his practice is the result of fine mental endowments, lit- 
 erary acquirements, industry, application and the most scrupulous honor and 
 integrity. He has niceness of perception, breadth of comprehension; is energetic, 
 persevering, practical, and has none of the meteoric in his composition ; he is 
 progressive, but conservative and well balanced. 
 
 As an advocate before a jury he is one of the most effective speakers at this 
 bar. In manner he is pleasing, in matter logical and convincing. He is candid, 
 sincere and fair, and his integrity and honor being known, he carries conviction 
 to the minds of an honest jury. He is quiet, dignified, decided, and has great 
 firmness of character. He has the mien, bearing and make-up of the educated 
 and well bred gentleman that he is. He is in the front rank in the profession, and 
 has the respect and esteem of his brother lawyers. Mr. Schuyler was united in 
 marriage, in September, 1865, with Mary, daughter of William H. Byford, a well 
 known physician of this city. They have had four children, two of whom survive.
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 657 
 
 HON. JOSEPH M. BAILEY. 
 
 HON. JOSEPH MEAD BAILEY was born in the town of Middlebury, 
 Wyoming county, New York| June 22, 1833. Judge Bailey spent his boy- 
 hood on his father's farm, at the place of his birth, and attended the district 
 school near his father's residence until he was about thirteen or fourteen years 
 old. He then entered Middlebury Academy, in the village of Wyoming, Wyo- 
 ming county, New York, and there fitted for college. He stood well in his 
 studies, doing his work, as has been his practice ever since, faithfully, conscien- 
 tiously and accurately. During his preparation for college he was out of school 
 for one year by reason of severe sickness, but in September, 1851, at the age of 
 eighteen years, he entered the sophomore class of the University of Rochester. 
 For the means of pursuing his studies he was obliged to rely entirely upon his 
 own exertions, with the exception of a small sum of money borrowed from a 
 friend, which was repaid after graduation. In 1854 he graduated, among the 
 highest in his class, and entered the law office of Ethan A. Hopkins, of Rochester, 
 New York, a preceptor of whom he often speaks in the highest terms. He was 
 admitted to the bar in November, 1855, and remained in Rochester until the fol- 
 lowing August, when he came to Freeport, Stephenson county, Illinois, where he 
 has since resided. He took a prominent position among the lawyers who consti- 
 tuted the early bar of Stephenson county, and established a profitable practice. 
 
 In 1866 Judge Bailey was elected a member of the house of representatives of 
 the general assembly of the state of Illinois. He was chairman of the joint select 
 committee which investigated the affairs of the penitentiary, after it was thrown 
 by the lessees upon the hands of the state, and drew the bill which afterward 
 became a law, and which is substantially the one upon which the institution has 
 run ever since. During this term he also took a prominent part in advocating 
 restrictive legislation upon railroads. He was reelected in 1868, continued his 
 war upon railroad abuses, and was made chairman of the committee on railroads. 
 In 1876 he was one of the presidential electors for the state of Illinois. In 1877 
 he was elected one of the judges of the thirteenth judicial circuit of the state of 
 Illinois, which circuit included the county of Stephenson. In January following, 
 upon the death of Judge Heaton, he was assigned by the supreme court to duty 
 as a member of the appellate court of the first district, sitting in Chicago. In 
 1879 he was reelected circuit judge, without opposition, and in that year, and 
 again in 1881, was reassigned to duty upon the appellate court, in Chicago. He 
 was presiding justice of that court for the year beginning June i, 1879, and again 
 for the year beginning June i, 1882. In the summer of 1879 he received the 
 degree of LL.D. from the universities of both Rochester and Chicago. 
 
 As a presiding officer, Judge Bailey has few superiors. His deportment, 
 though suave, is dignified and impressive. He is quick to catch a point and see 
 all its bearings. His decisions are prompt, and so well sustained that they are 
 generally acquiesced in by all parties. 
 70
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Abbott, Edwin F. 335 
 
 Abbott, Wade 504 
 
 Adams, Cornelius R 388 
 
 Adams, Hon. George E. . . 528 
 
 Aldis, Owen F 354 
 
 Allen, C. L 578 
 
 Allen, James L 355 
 
 Allen, Luman 348 
 
 Anthony, Hon. Elliot 633 
 
 Appleton, Samuel ....... 560 ! 
 
 Armstrong, William 260 j 
 
 Arnd, Charles. 299 
 
 Asay, Edward G 636 
 
 Austin, Hon. Henry S . . . 364 | 
 
 Avery, Daniel J ." 333 j 
 
 Aver, Benjamin F 551 
 
 Bacon. Roswell B 248 
 
 Bailey, George F 578 
 
 Bailey, Hon. Joseph M . . . 657 
 
 Baker, Frank 453 
 
 Baker, Frederick S 470 
 
 Barnum, Hon. William H. 651 
 
 Bates, Thomas 609 
 
 Baldwin, Algernon B .... 459 
 Banning and Banning .... 346 
 
 Barber, Edward L 561 
 
 Barker, John C 563 
 
 Barker, Joseph N 598 
 
 Barnard, Philip 374 
 
 Barnett, Ferdinand L. . . . 419 
 
 Barton, Jesse B 501 
 
 Batten, Jr., John H 402 
 
 Bayley, Edwin F 410 
 
 Beale, William G 439 
 
 Beattie, C. Stuart 480 
 
 Beck, Marshall 627 
 
 Beckington, Robert 511 
 
 Beckwith, Hon. Corydon . . 530 
 
 Bellows, George G 342 
 
 Bennett, Horace C ...... 513 
 
 Bennett, John I 244 
 
 Bennett, Col. John W ... 300 
 
 Beverly, John M 502 
 
 Bisbee, Hon. Lewis H . . . . 60 
 
 Bissell, Josiah H 378 
 
 Black, William P 206 
 
 Blanchard, Marvin 398 
 
 Bliss, E. Raymond 113 
 
 Blodgett, Hon. Henry W . 13 
 
 Blume, Jarvis 328 
 
 Bond, Hon. Lester L .... 70 
 
 Bonney, Charles C 53 
 
 Booth, Hon. Henry 495 
 
 Bowen, Moses S 
 
 Boyden, Noel B 
 
 Bradford, William B 
 
 Brady, Matthew P 
 
 Brandt, George W 
 
 Brawley, Francis W. S. . . . 
 
 Brookins, Arba 
 
 Brown, Charles T 
 
 Brown, Moses D 
 
 Brown, Capt. Stephen F . . 
 
 Brown, Thomas B 
 
 Buell, George C 
 
 Buell, Ira W 
 
 Bunn, Hon. Romanzo 
 
 Burgett, John M. H 
 
 Byam, John W 
 
 Campbell, George C 
 
 Canavan. Austin A 
 
 Cartnichael, Daniel L . . . . 
 
 Carroll, Robert S 
 
 Carter. A. D 
 
 Caruthers, Hon. J. P 
 
 Cass, George W 
 
 Caton, Hon. John D 
 
 Cavanaugh, Joseph A 
 
 Chesbrough, Jr., Ellis S. . . 
 
 Christian, George C 
 
 Chumasero, Hon. John C. 
 
 Clarke, Henry W 
 
 Cleaver, James M 
 
 Coburn, Lewis L 
 
 Cody, Hon. Hiram H . . . . 
 
 Collins, Jr., Lorin C 
 
 Compton, Frank 
 
 Comstock, Levi M 
 
 Condee, Hon. Leander D . 
 
 Cook, Hon. Burton C 
 
 Cook, Frank O 
 
 Cooper, Charles W 
 
 Cornell, Paul 
 
 Cothran, Geo. W., LL.D'. . 
 
 Coy, Hon. Irus 
 
 Crafts, Clayton E 
 
 Cratty, Thomas 
 
 Crawford, Maj. Frank 1 . . . 
 
 Crawford, Henry 
 
 Culver, Washington I 
 
 Cummins, Benjamin F. . . . 
 
 Cunning, Hugh 
 
 Cunningham, Hon. W. B . 
 
 Custer, Jacob R 
 
 Cuthbertson, John 
 
 Cutting, Charles S 
 
 339 ] Dale, John T 203 
 
 158 Dalton, John E '. . . 396 
 
 485 Danforth, George C 512 
 
 341 Dannecker, Frederick G . . 496 
 
 464 Davis, Hon. David 8 
 
 239 Dawson, George E 221 
 
 473 Deane, Maj. Charles W. . . 625 
 
 402 : Decker, Henry 391 
 
 403 I Decker, Myron A 200 
 
 120 . De Lany, Martin A 173 
 
 411 Demars, Gustave 640 
 
 469 j Dent, Thomas 89 
 
 579 j De Wolf, Calvin 145 
 
 6^4 Dexter, Wirt. .'. 578 
 
 343 | Dibble, Charles A 283 
 
 238 i Dickey, Hon. T. Lyle 534 
 
 317 Donahoe, Daniel 589 
 
 371 i Donlin, William J 381 
 
 459 I Doolittle, Hon. James R.. 84 
 250 | Doolittle, Jr., James R . . . 88 
 
 438 I Douglas, Stephen A 215 
 
 533 Dow, Hon. Samuel K . . . . 274 
 
 456 [ Drandorff, Charles 386 
 
 488 Driggs, George 222 
 
 510 Drummond, Hon. Thomas 5 
 
 274 Dunne, Michael J 375 
 
 399 Dupee, Charles A 542 
 
 170 Eberhardt, Maximilian. ... 440 
 302 Edsall, Hon. James K . . . . 524 
 649 Eldridge, Gen. Hamilton N 232 
 616 Elvig, Albert J 419 
 
 24 English, William J 114 
 
 316 ! Ennis, James 471 
 
 433 Ennis, Lawrence M 294 
 
 307 Everett, William S 416 
 
 139 Fairchild, James H 409 
 
 336 Farwell, William . "W 517 
 
 269 Fassett, Milo M 287 
 
 655 Fay, James E 144 
 
 590 Felch, James H 344 
 
 218 Fellows, Eugene J 536 
 
 322 Ferris, L. Vernon 331 
 
 453 Flower, James M 554 
 
 116 Flower, John F 281 
 
 289 Follansbee, George A .... 564 
 643 Folsom, Charles A 431 
 
 66 Forrest, William S 186 
 
 331 Forrester, Robert H . , .... 95 
 
 552 I" rake, James 288 
 
 361 Freeman, Capt. Henry V. 249 
 
 481 French, Samuel A 311 
 
 223 Freshwaters, Milton R ... 312 
 304 \ Fuller, Hon. Melville W . . 262
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 659 
 
 Furher, Henry I 506 
 
 Gallup, Benjamin E ...... 623 
 
 Gardner, Hon. George. . . . ((48 
 
 Gartside, John M 168 
 
 Gary, Hon. Elbert H 50 
 
 Gary, Hon. Joseph E 627 
 
 Gary, Noah E 157 
 
 Gates, William D 281 
 
 Gault, Thomas H 345 
 
 Gibbons, John 243 
 
 Gibbs, Edward A 597 
 
 Gibbs'. George A 332 
 
 Glover, Joseph O 234 
 
 Goldsmith, Henry S 486 
 
 Gooding, Duncan S 269 
 
 Goodrich, Hon. Grant .... 575 
 
 Goodrich, Henry K 262 
 
 Gookins, Samuel B 637 
 
 Goudy, Hon. William C... 519 
 
 Green, Adolphus W 390 
 
 Greene, Loren 258 
 
 Gregory, Stephen S 259 
 
 Grinnell, Julius S. 161 
 
 Groh, Andrew . 447 
 
 Grover, Alonzo J 434 
 
 Gurley, William W 574 
 
 Hamline, John H 358 
 
 Hammer, D. Harry 308 
 
 Hanecy, Elbridge 391 
 
 Harkness, Edson J 268 
 
 Harlan, Hon. John M . . . 7 
 
 Harper, Edgar V 497 
 
 Harper, William H 528 
 
 Harris, Charles M 628 
 
 Harris, Graham H ....... 541 
 
 Harris, Hon. Madison R . 455 
 
 Harrison, Harry 392 
 
 Haskell, Benjamin 389 
 
 Haskell, Pliny N 321 
 
 Hatch, Azel F 377 
 
 Hawes, Hon. Kirk 646 
 
 Hawley, George A 315 
 
 Helm, Henry T 382 
 
 Helm, Lynn 549 
 
 Henderson, Howard 405 
 
 Herrick, John J 578 
 
 Herring, Frederick A . . 227 
 
 Hervey, Robert 119 
 
 Hibbard, Homer N 48 
 
 Higgins, Hon. Van H . 580 
 
 Hill, Edward J 478 
 
 Hill. Lysander 512 
 
 Hillis, David M 199 
 
 Hitchcock, Charles 406 
 
 Hoch, James I 479 
 
 Hoffman, Hon. Francis A . 4(15 
 
 Holbrook, Edmund S 428 
 
 Holmes,- Israel 108 
 
 Hood, Thomas H 548 
 
 Hopkins, Jr. Ervin 456 
 
 Horton, Oliver H 264 
 
 Hosmer, Charles B 375 
 
 Hoyne, Philip A 474 
 
 Hoyne, Hon. Thomas .... 16 
 
 Hudson, Henry 615 
 
 Hull, Perry A 479 
 
 Hurd, Hon. Harvey B.... loo 
 Huszagh, Rudolph D . ... 377 
 Hynes, Hon. William J ... 531 
 
 Ingham, George C 271 
 
 Ingledew, Maj. L 175 
 
 [ackson, Huntington W... 64 
 
 Jackson, Walter M 293 
 
 Jameson, Hon. John A ... 30 
 
 Jayne, Edgar L 224 
 
 t Jetnison, John N 457 
 
 Jenkins, Robert E 319 
 enks, Anson B 431 
 
 Jewett, Hon. John N .... 622 
 
 . Johnson, Herbert B 303 
 
 Johnson, William S 330 
 
 Johnston, Jr., John 287 
 
 Jones, Gen. J. Blackburn . 527 
 
 JudaJi, Noble B 565 
 
 Judd, Hon. S. C 483 
 
 Jussen, Col. Edmund 15 
 
 Kales, Francis H 630 
 
 Kendall, Robert B 573 
 
 Keogh, Sylvester R 568 
 
 Kerr, Samuel 259 
 
 Kettelle, George H 267 
 
 King, John L 58 
 
 King, Rufus 282 
 
 King, Simeon W 176 
 
 King, Hon. William H . . . 40 
 
 Kin'kaid, William H 485 
 
 Kinney , Chester 305 
 
 Kistler, Louis ... 327 
 
 Knott, E. L 279 
 
 Knickerbocker, Hon. J. C. 32 
 
 Knight, G. Rockliffe 482 
 
 Knight, Milton L 445 
 
 Knight, Stephen C 635 
 
 Kretzinger, George W . . . 284 
 
 Landis, Roland R 623 
 
 Latham, James F 645 
 
 Law, Jr., William . . . . 584 
 Lawrence, Hon. Charles B 252 
 
 Lawrence, Charles H 505 
 
 Leake, Hon. Joseph B . 35 
 Leffingwell, William E . . 614 
 
 Legro, Otto E 530 
 
 Leman, Henry W 252 
 
 Lincoln, Hon. Robert T . . 503 
 
 Ling, John 400 
 
 Loomis, Hon. Mason B. . . 292 
 
 Low, Wolfred N 326 
 
 Lund, Adolph 458 
 
 Lyman, David B 600 
 
 Lyon, David J 499 
 
 Lynns, Robert L 515 
 
 McAllister, Hon. Wm. K . 525 
 
 McCagg, Ezra B 510 
 
 McClanahan, Edmund B.. 51') 
 
 I McClellan, John J 383 
 
 i McClory, Henry 539 
 
 McConnell, Samuel P . . . . 
 
 McCoy, Alexander 
 
 McCune, Eugene C 
 
 McElroy, James P 
 
 McKeough, John 
 
 McKey, Henry 
 
 Manchester, Daniel W . . . 
 
 Manning, Williams J 
 
 Marsh, John W .... 
 
 Martin, Capt. Player ... . 
 
 Mason, Hugh L 
 
 Mason, Hon. William E.. 
 
 Matson, Capt. C. R 
 
 Matthews, Henry M 
 
 Matthews, Wick 
 
 Mattocks, John 
 
 Meech, George A 
 
 Merriam, Joseph W 
 
 Metcalf, Edwin L 
 
 Miller, Henry G 
 
 Miller, Michael M 
 
 Mills, Luther L 
 
 Mills, William 
 
 Mitchell, William L 
 
 Moffett, Frederick S 
 
 Monroe, Charles W 
 
 Monroe, Henry S 
 
 Montgomery, William A. . 
 
 Moore, Charles E 
 
 Moore, Will H 
 
 Morris, Edward H 
 
 Morrison, Robert E 
 
 Moran, Daniel . 
 
 Moran, Hon. Thomas A . . 
 
 Moses, Adolph 
 
 Munn, Benjamin M 
 
 Munn, Hon. Daniel W.... 
 
 Newman, Jacob 
 
 Nicholes, Charles W 
 
 Nicholes, Daniel C 
 
 North, T. Holmes 
 
 Norton, James S 
 
 Norton, Hon. Jesse O . . . . 
 
 Noyes, Henry C 
 
 O'Brien, Hon. William W. 
 
 O'Callaghan, William I 
 
 Offield Charles K 
 
 Olney, John 
 
 Otis, Arthur G 
 
 Otis, Hon. E. A 
 
 Otis, Lucius B 
 
 Osborne, H. S. and F. S. . 
 
 Parker, John R 
 
 Parker, Jr.. Thomas 
 
 Paul, Harrison D 
 
 Payne, Eugene B 
 
 Pay son, George 
 
 Pedrick, Isaac H 
 
 Pence, Abram M 
 
 Pfirshing, Joseph 
 
 Phelps, William A 
 
 Piper, Charles W 
 
 Plotke, Nathan M 
 
 212 
 57" 
 503 
 389 
 59 
 172 
 
 444 
 196 
 
 293 
 349 
 388 
 555 
 214 
 163 
 53<> 
 433 
 231 
 
 134 
 343 
 515 
 410 
 
 67 
 361 
 167 
 251 
 39 f > 
 4M 
 38i 
 500 
 312 
 529 
 335 
 552 
 
 93 
 184 
 138 
 152 
 230 
 306 
 35 
 549 
 387 
 460 
 
 325 
 354 
 539 
 34 
 621 
 
 228 
 
 135 
 566 
 
 138 
 
 497 
 432 
 428 
 
 233 
 
 3>3 
 55 
 413 
 463 
 539 
 53*
 
 66o 
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Plummer, George W 494 
 
 Pope, Charles E 371 
 
 Pratt, Chester D 439 
 
 Pratt, Lorin G ,. . 350 
 
 Prendergast, Hon. Richard 605 
 
 Prentice, David K 359 
 
 Prescott, William 213 
 
 Quick, John H. S 157 
 
 Quigg, Col. David... . ... 174 
 
 Rae, Robert 150 
 
 Rainey, William G 516 
 
 Raymond^ James H ... 519 
 Remick, Charles F ....... 641 
 
 Remy, Curtis H 347 
 
 Rexford, Henry L 386 
 
 Reynolds, Frank P 492 i 
 
 Reynolds, Gen. Joseph S. . 420 
 
 Rich, Arthur D no 
 
 Richardson, William H ... 362 
 Richolson, Benjamin F . . . 446 
 'Riddle, Hon. Francis A. . . 607 
 
 Roberts, Richard B 279 
 
 Robinson, Michael W 291 
 
 Roby, Edward 68 
 
 Rogers, George M 212 
 
 Rogers, Hon. John G 78 
 
 Rountree, John M 205 
 
 Rubens, Harry 610 
 
 Runyan, Eben F 216 
 
 Salomon, Moses 491 
 
 Sawin, George 298 
 
 Scammon, Jonathan Y. . . . 537 
 
 Scales, Hon. Walter B 585 
 
 Schuyler, Daniel J -. 656 
 
 Scoville, George 562 
 
 Sears and Foster 239 
 
 Seelye, Henry E 452 
 
 Sexton, Austin O 482 
 
 .Shaffner, Benjamin M . . . . 498 
 
 Sheridan, William A 613 
 
 Sherman, Hon. Elijah B . . 80 
 
 Sherman, Penoyer L.' 604 
 
 Shirland, William H 599 
 
 Shirley, Thomas 520 
 
 Shissler, Louis 359 
 
 Shorey, Daniel L 492 
 
 Shreve, Luther M 147 
 
 Simons, Franklin P 228 
 
 Skelly, William H 597 
 
 Smith, Abner 350 
 
 Smith, Edwin K . 373 
 
 Smith, Hon. Joseph E . . . . 185 
 
 Smith, Jr., Perry H 106 
 
 Smith, Gen. Robert W. . . . 372 
 
 Smith, Hon. Sidney 37 
 
 Smith, Uzziel P 290 
 
 Smith, Wallace 137 
 
 Soreng, Ole D 425 
 
 Sparling, George 629 
 
 Stanford, George W 360 
 
 Starrett, William A 412 
 
 Steele, Henry T 320 
 
 Stewart, William W 368 
 
 Stiles, Gen. Israel N 194 
 
 Storer, John D 340 
 
 Storrs, Emery A 448 
 
 Story, Allan C 130 
 
 Stout, Gen. Alexander M . 426 
 
 Straus, Simeon 395 
 
 Swett, Hon. Leonard 38 
 
 Swift, William H 273 
 
 Tagert, Alfred N 533 
 
 Taylor, Capt. John L 404 
 
 Thacher, Hon. John M ... 153 
 
 Thomas, J. B .... 363 
 
 Thomas Sidney 254 
 
 Thompson, John H 486 
 
 Thompson, John L 109 
 
 Thompson, John S 639 
 
 Thompson, Hon. Richards 45 
 
 Thornton, Charles S 90 
 
 Tourtellotte, F. W 1^6 
 
 Towle, Henry S 574 
 
 Trude, Alfred S 164 
 
 Trumbull, Hon. Lyman... 546 
 
 Tuley, Hon. Murray F. . . . 44 
 
 Turner, Oren W 405 
 
 Turnes, Jacob C 444 
 
 Tuthill, Richard S 140 
 
 Twiss, Richard B 603 
 
 Valentine, Ezra G 540 
 
 Vallette, Henry F 397 
 
 Van Arman, John 556 
 
 Van Buren, Augustus 75 
 
 Van Buren, Hon. Evert.. 501 
 
 Van Schaack, Cornelius. . . 190 
 
 Vary, Bennett H 385 
 
 Vocke, Capt. William .... 494 
 
 Voss, Col. Arno 548 
 
 Wachop, I. S 457 
 
 Walker, Alexander J 541 
 
 Walker, Francis W 329 
 
 Wallace, Gen. Martin R. M 606 
 
 Waller, Henry 316 
 
 Wait, Horatio L 560 
 
 Waite, Hon. Charles B . . . 240 
 
 Waite, Hon. Horace F. . . . 76 
 
 Wakeman, Hon. T. B . . . 260 
 
 Ward, James H 427 
 
 Waterman, Arba M . . . . . 156 
 
 Waterman, Richard 314 
 
 Waughop, John W 395 
 
 Weigley, Fillmore 470 
 
 Weigley, Frank S 330 
 
 West, Hon. Edmund A ... 469 
 
 West, James 447 
 
 Westover, J. Henry 547 
 
 Wheeler, Newton C 654 
 
 White, Charles F 399 
 
 Whiteside, Thomas C 642 
 
 Whitney, Col. Loren H . . . 182 
 
 Wilder, Henry A 443 
 
 Wilkinson, Frederick 357 
 
 Willard, Gardner G 347 
 
 Willard, George 202 
 
 Willett, Hon. Consider H. 587 
 
 Williams, Charles 442 
 
 Williams, Hon. .Erastus S. 650 
 
 Williamson, Hon. Rollin S 526 
 
 Willits, George S 140 
 
 Wilson, Hon. Isaac G . . . . 417 
 
 Wilson, William C 332 
 
 Windes, Thomas G 567 
 
 Wolseley, Henry W 356 
 
 Woodle, Edward R 374 
 
 Woodman, Charles W 487 
 
 Wyman, Gilbert 498 
 
 Young, Kimball 271 
 
 Young, William H 625 
 
 Zook, David L 454
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA