ILLINCJS HiSIORICAi S'JRVEY 
 
 
 iiliii
 
 / S' 
 
 SPOTLIGHT 
 
 ON 
 
 EGYPT 
 
 7 
 
 / 
 
 A Guidebook of the scenic 
 and historic A 
 
 places in Egypt Illinois 
 
 PRICE FIFTY CENTS
 
 lUlflfllS KISTORICAl SlIRKEY
 
 SPOTLIG HT ON 
 EGYPT 
 
 By Katharine and Will Griffith 
 
 EGYPT BOOK HOUSE 
 
 Carbonilalf, Illinois
 
 Copyright 1943 
 Kfn'PTIAN KEY 
 
 Copyright 1046 
 
 KGYPT BOOK iroU.SE 
 
 Carbondale, Illinois 
 
 Printed in the United States — Carbondale Herald, Carbondale, Illinois
 
 -1)7.13 
 
 GJpollujIi 
 
 oil 
 
 
 iJ^/l'l 
 
 ECrYPT is the fruit and vcgetablo basket of the house- 
 wife, the eoal bueket of iiulustiy, the oil tank of 
 transjnutation, ami the Siifety dei)osit box of a vast 
 mineral wealth. 
 
 E^'vpt is a laiul of contrasts. The prairies meet tlie 
 hills in the anj^le formed by three }rreat river.s — the 
 .Mis.sissippi. llie Ohio, and the Waba.sh. Lu.sh Iwtlom 
 hinds brush ajjainsi the rocky crajjs of the uplifts; 
 forest trees bend in the wind jiLst a sl»)rt ilistance 
 from the stairnant watei-s of the few remaiiuuf; 
 swamps; deep gashed valleys lie sequestered amid 
 |)eaks of the O/arks; slu;^^Jisll creeks eventually meet 
 ih;- broad rivei-s. 
 
 Corn and cotton, magnolias, southern pine and 
 lu^rihern oaks, mansions and cabins, barren rocks and 
 
 orchard-covered hills crowd this section of Illinois 
 where .southern hospitality meets northern vitality. 
 
 In this spearhead of the -North jiiercinj^ the vital« of 
 the South are many places of interest — .scenic, his- 
 toric, industrial. River barges and boats, steam and 
 tlie.sel-jwwered railroad trains, airlines, and motor 
 liiffhways serve the .si'ction where still, here and there, 
 a mule pulls its load. We are prone to think of the 
 rare, the beautiful, the unusual, as found at a tjrcat 
 distance from our homes. One who is not ae(|uainted 
 with Hj^ypt. upon becomin!:; friendly, will find he 
 many times has fjone farther and seen less; spent more 
 and fjotteu less; consumed more lime and effort an<l 
 luid much less to stoi'c in memory's attic. 
 
 l!-;;\ l)t extends deej) into the heart of the Snuth. 
 
 South of Chester on SUite 3, the Mississippi River in the di-slance. 
 
 rhoto h, C. Cli// O'lnJIc. Cdrfvn U
 
 Cairo, at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi 
 rivers, is the lowest, as well as the southernmost, 
 point of Illinois. In the early stages of the Civil War, 
 Cairo, the southernmost of the Union defenses, was 
 fartlier south than the capital of the Confederacy, 
 Richmond, Virginia. 
 
 Agricultural products run the gamut from corn to 
 cotton, from wheat to tobacco, from apples to sweet 
 potatoes, from beans to berries, from melons to 
 peaches. 
 
 The only east and west mountain range in the 
 United States — the Illinois Ozarks — provides the rug- 
 ged scenery of Egypt. The early settlers of the 
 Northwest Territory came down the Ohio River from 
 the East, and up the natural water routes from the 
 South. The plentiful water supply of the many 
 springs, the mild climate, the beauties of nature, and 
 the nostalgic contour of the hills, combined to cause 
 them to settle in Egypt. It was the first part of 
 Ilhnois to be settled, and had become a civilized 
 section before the upper part of the State became 
 populated. 
 
 It is impossible to tell in one sitting all the glories 
 of Egypt— to relate all its interesting historical tales, 
 to describe all its beauty, to picture the story of its 
 industry. The map on the inside back cover shows all 
 the towns mentioned, and by the use of numbers 
 keyed to the text, the approximate locations of all 
 places referred to that are not immediately in, or 
 adjacent to, towns. 
 
 ALTO PASS is the higliest point in Egypt served 
 by a railroad. Cliff View Park furnishes a good view 
 of the heavily-wooded Illinois Ozarks. 
 
 ALBION, seat of Edwards County, was settled in 
 1818 by EnglLsh colonists, under the leadership of 
 Morris Birkbeck and George Flower. A monument to 
 Birkbeck stands on the courthouse lawn. The old 
 houses of the town are: the Harris hou.se (1826), a 
 half block west of the square; the P'rench hou.se 
 (1841), north of the library; and the Thompson 
 house (1842), now the public library. Former Gov- 
 ernor Louis L. Emm(i'.son was born in the liouse now 
 occupied by the Edwards County Historical Societv. 
 Albion had the first i)ublic library in Illinois. 
 
 ANNA is the center of a fruit and vegetable region 
 Tlie Anna Market serves commercial buyei-s from 
 many states. On the ea.st edge of the city is Anna State 
 Hospital with a capacity of three thousand patients. 
 The Illinois Central Railroad Depot has been named 
 Pelley Station to honor J. J. Pelley, president of the 
 Association of American Railroad.s, who started his; 
 career at Anna as an employee of the railroad. Frank 
 Willard, cartooni.st, creator of the comic strip ' ' Moon 
 Mullins," was born in Anna. Abraham Lincoln vis- 
 ited in the D. L. Phillips' home. 
 
 BALD KNOB (38), .so named because of the ab- 
 .sence of trees on its top, is about six miles west and 
 .south from the village of Alto Pa.ss. The peak, 
 reached over a winding graveled road thi-ougfi the 
 Slrawnee National Foi-es-t, affords a panoramic view 
 
 Top — Chark Cliffs from Pine Hills Skyline Drive. 
 Bottom. — Burden Falls.
 
 • of abnut six liuiidivd siniuiv iiiiles of sceiiii- beauty. 
 On KasttT inorniii^, more than ten tliousanii persons 
 
 .attend the annual sunrise service held on toj) of liald 
 Knol). The summit, 1U3U feet in elevation, is the 
 second hiffliest point in Egypt. 
 
 H.VTTKHY IKJCK (iu) is about a mile boiow a 
 
 Jerry aeross the Ohio Hiver, three miles from the 
 village of l^imb. .Vs early as 1S14, Zadoe Cramer in 
 
 jT/u Xavit/ator, gave a detailed aeeount of his explora- 
 tions of the Oliio River, and described Battery Koek, 
 whieh then bore that name. The story that the name 
 
 ■ origiiuited from fortifying the point during the Civil 
 War is ineorreet. The riK-k is best seen from the river, 
 although a gowl view is obtainable fmm the Ken- 
 tiu-ky shore. 
 
 BKLLKVILI.K, tlio seat of St. Clair County, has 
 
 .many old and intei-e.sting houses. Side by side are 
 those of modern areliiteeture and those a century 
 
 • or more old, sliowing Euroiiean influences, mostly 
 (Jerimin. A high percentage of the hou.ses are built of 
 brick. Tlic liomc of former (iovernor .John Key nobis 
 stands at 110 North Illinois Street. Helleville once 
 was the home of former (iwvernors William H. Bisscll 
 
 -and Ninian Edwards. Ninian Wirt Edwards, son of 
 the goveniur, al.st) lived in the city. He was the first 
 superintendent of public in.struction in Illinois. Ly- 
 man Trumlnill, I'nited States senator from Illinois, 
 who wrote the 'niirteentli .\mcndmcnt to the Con- 
 -stitutiou, -was a ri'sident of Belleville. The Lincoln 
 Hotel, North High and East A Streets, was built in 
 
 1S47. .V marker on the wall of the BcUevilic .l^uwior 
 High .School, on Lincoln Street, relates that Abraham 
 Lincoln spoke, October 18, lh5G, from the balcony 
 of the Scheel home which then stoml at that i>lace. 
 
 BELL S.MITII S1'KL\(!S AREA (M) is six miles 
 south from Harrisburg on State .'54, and west on a 
 good graveh'il road from .Mitchellsvillc, through Uel- 
 wood, about fourteen miles in the Shawnee National 
 Forest. It is a .scar upon the earth's surface that af- 
 foiils great interest to stutlents of nature. At some 
 lireliistoric time, a mighty force of water eoui*sed 
 through the region, broke off great pieces of roek-s, 
 splintered others, ground down j)arts of .some, and 
 bored through different strata. The result is a most 
 rugged .section filleil with raw cliffs, jagged rocks, 
 and many freak formations. The most unusual interest 
 of the area is the Natural Bridge, ir)() feet long, 30 
 feet wide, 60 feet high, longer than the Natural 
 Bridge of Virginia, but not as liigh. Another forma- 
 tion, the Ship's Prow, rcsendiles the front of a ship. 
 A cunningly hidden stairway cut in the stone cliff 
 affords a means of reaching the lower level. Spring 
 water is abundant, and many odd and curious rocks 
 and pebbles can be found. 
 
 BENTON lies in the heart of the coal and oil fields 
 of Egypt. It is the seat of Franklin County, and 
 boasts the fii-st di'ivc-in bank deposit window in 
 Illinois. John A. Logan ])racticed law in Benton. 
 
 BIRD HAVEN (2), establi.shed by Doctor Robcil 
 Ridgway, for many years curator of birds in the 
 
 On the beach at Crab Orcharii lake. 
 
 rhoio h c. c.
 
 United States National Musueni at Washington, is 
 north and east of Ohiey a sliort distance. At his 
 death, he willed the arboretum to the Universitj' of 
 Chicaga His grave is in the gj-oiuids. In the wild- 
 life sanetuaiy may be seen the native Mrds. of Illinois, 
 and a great variety of trees, and plants. It is open to 
 the public upon application. 
 
 BORAH BIRTHPLACE (4>, sax miles northeast 
 of Fairfield, is where former Senator "William E. 
 Borah was born and spent his childhood. He attended 
 a eoxuitry school east of Fairfield. 
 
 BRIDGEPORT, as well as the surrounding area, 
 was important in the early development of the oil 
 industry ni Illinois. Today, the tank farm of the 
 Ohio Oil Company lies at the eastern edgt; of town. 
 It has fortv-eiglit oil storage tanks, each holding from 
 35,000 to 40,000 ban-els. 
 
 BROOKPORT lies at the north end of a bridge 
 from Padueah, Kentucky, affording entry into Egypt. 
 Sprawled over the lowlands adjacent to tlie river, 
 Brookport is a typical Oliio River town. 
 
 BROAVNPIELD AREA includes Porter Springs, 
 Blowing Spring's, and Money Cave, all about five 
 miles northeast of Brownfield. The cave is so named 
 from its use as; a rendezvous by a band of countei'- 
 feitei's. Rugged scenery is the attraction of Aven- 
 HoUaw, about tlu-ee and o,ne-lialf miles; noi'tli of 
 
 Bro\\mfieId. In Pine Hollow, about three and one-half 
 miles noi'thwest of Brownfield, icicles frequently re- 
 main until late spring. East of town the late sun rays. 
 light tlie multi-colored sandstone sides of Cedar Bluff. 
 
 BUFFALO SALT LICK (18) was an important 
 cog in the salt industry in Egypt in the early 1800 's. 
 Remains of old evaporation pans and equipment may 
 be seen at the site, about three and one-half miles, 
 west of the village of Hoi-seshoe. 
 
 BUNCOMBE SCENIC VIEW (47) has wayside 
 parking places along the east side of State 37 north 
 of Buncombe to provide ample space from which to 
 enjoy the view of the rolling hills to the east. 
 
 BURDEN PALLS (49) is west of the village of 
 Delwood on the road to Bell Smith Springs. In the 
 spring and fall and other wet seasons, a thin stream 
 of water falls from a rocky slielf to the broken rocks, 
 below. Legend Siiys the Indian squaws ground their- 
 corn on the rocks at the foot of the falls, and then 
 carried their burden of meal up the steep sides to 
 their tepees. 
 
 CAHOKIA is the oldest settlement in Illinois. The; 
 Church of the Holy Family, the oldest church build- 
 ing in Illinois, was constructed in 1799, on the site 
 of the arigiiuil church which was built just one hun- 
 dred years earlier, 1(>99, and stands alongside the 
 brick chm-ch in use todajr. Near the church are the 
 
 Barge Tow on Ohio River, from Ranchfuss Hill, Gwlconda. 
 
 Photo hy RnymonJ fenkms, Gotconda
 
 Old Stone Face, southeast of Harrisburg. 
 
 Spandrel Bridge on State 14(;, just west ol 
 Dixon Sprinirs. 
 
 priest's house, almost as old, and tlu' -larrot mansion. 
 begun 1799 and comijleted lS()(i, wliere La Faycltc 
 was entertained in 182ij. Back of the oKl elum-h is tlie 
 ffraveyard of llie early settlers. The (Jahokia eourt- 
 house, reconstructed by the State, is a historical 
 memorial, the fir.st seat of justice in Illinois. It is 
 claimed the Indian, Poutiae, was murdered at Cahokia. 
 CAIRO, the .seat of Alexander County, is the 
 southernmost jxjint in Illinois. Low water mark at 
 the confluence of the Ol'io and Mi.ssi.ssipi)i rivers, 
 '2()S feet, is the lowest elevation in Illinois. The town 
 is ])rotected from the waters of the two rivers liy 
 dikes. The hifjhways enter throUfjh a flood i)rev<'n1ion 
 levee which can be closed by an iron t;ate resenibliufj; 
 a j)orteullis. Maj^nolia and f^inkf^o trees minjile with 
 those of the northern belt, cotton and tobacco j;row on 
 surroundiiifj farms alonfj witii corn and vefjetables of 
 the North. Much of the inaterial used by Kdna Ferber 
 in her novel Slum- Haiti was oblaiiie<l fi-om the Cairo 
 neijiliborhood. The correct pronouncialion of the 
 name is "Care-o. " (jeneral {'. S. (irant had his 
 head(|uarters (1861-1862) in the Ohio IJuildin};, 60!) 
 Ohio Street. He lived in Room 2ir) of the Halliday 
 Hotel, then known as the St. Charles. Fort Defiance 
 was located .just south <>f the liotcl. A bronze pliKiue 
 at Ohio and Sixtii Streets ))r<)claiins that Flai,' Officer, 
 later Admiral, Foote, as.sfndiicd the Western (!u:i- 
 boat P^lotilla in the harbor duriiifj the Civil War. 
 The I'nited States Marine Hospital, on Cedar Street, 
 was erected durinjj the year 188."). The bronze statue 
 The Hcuii- by (leorge Cray Barnard, .sculjitor, stands 
 
 on "Washington Street between Ninth and Tenth 
 Streets. At the entrance to the ])ul)lic library is the 
 bronze Fifjhliiuj lions by Janet Scudder. sculptor. 
 The second flooi- of the library offei's a mu.scum of 
 Indian and Civil War relics, lietween Twenly-seventii 
 and Twenty-ninth Streets on Wa.shington Avenue, 
 the old mansions im|>art the flavor of the "Deep 
 South" with their architectural style, and their 
 large lawns .studded with gorgeous nnignolia trees. 
 The ilaud Rittenhouse home stands at Seventh and 
 Walnut Sti-cets. Toll briilges furnish entry fioni 
 Kentuck\' and Mis.souri. 
 
 CANTONMLNT WILKINSON-VILLK was located 
 at Chain-o-Rocks on the Ohio River. The fort was 
 occupied from 1797 to 1804 under the command of 
 Lieutenant Colonel David Strong. He and some of 
 his men arc buried near the site. Not far away, a 
 century eai'lier in 1702. the Va Bache Tannery was 
 l)uilt by Charles .ludiereau de St. Denis, who had re- 
 ceived the grant of the buffalo hunting rights for tic 
 region from the French crown. A historical marki'r 
 alongside State '.il at the village of (irand Chain tells 
 of the canlonment, which was ab(Hit three miles south. 
 
 CARBONDALH is the home of .Southern Illinois 
 Noi'inal I'nivei'sity, at the south edge of town. It was 
 the largest teac! crs college in Illinois, and. in 194;!. 
 became a iniiversity, with Colleges of Kducation. Lib- 
 eral Arts and Sciences, and Vocations and Professions. 
 The zoology dcpaHment has a pretentious museum of 
 venomous snakes, and the social science department a 
 nuisuem of pertinent sub.iects. The first rural practice
 
 Pierre Menard Home at the foot of the hill below 
 Kaskaskia State Park. 
 
 Top -I'owdpr Magazine. Fort Chartn-N, oldest 
 structure in the Northwest TeiTitory. Bottom- 
 of Bryan Museum, Salem. 
 
 staiulins 
 
 school in Illinois stands to the north of State 13, just 
 west of town. On the west side of U S 51, across from 
 the university, is the Baptist Foundation, a school 
 for the training of Baptist ministers. On the east side 
 of town is Woodlawn Cemetery where, in April 1866, 
 a memorial service was held with General John A. 
 Logan as the princii)al speaker. From this service he 
 received the inspiration that caused him in 1868, when 
 commander in chief of the Grand Army of -the 
 Republic, to issue General Orders Number 11, pro- 
 claiming a national memorial day on the thirtieth of 
 May. Alexander M. Jenkins, who resigned as lieuten- 
 ant governor of Illinois to become president of the 
 first Illinois Central Railroad Company, is buried in 
 Woadlawn Cemetery. 
 
 CARLYLE, seat of Clinton County, for many years 
 was the home of Sidney Breese, ju.stice of the Supreme 
 Court of Illinois, who is buried in the Carlyle Cem- 
 etery. The Truesdail Hotel has a register on display 
 containing the signatures of many famous men of the 
 past. Just east of town, on the old Vincenne.s-St. 
 Louis Trace, is a suspension bridge built in 1860, with 
 35-foot towers and a span of 280 feet. One mile east 
 of town is the Carlyle State Fish Hatchery. 
 
 CARMI, seat of" White County, had as its first 
 courthouse and jail two log cabins built by John Craw, 
 about 1820. The buildings later were joined and made 
 into a house, oceui)ied for many years liy United 
 States Senator John M. Robinson and his family. 
 Across the street stands the house of Edwin B. Webb, 
 friend of Lincoln, and frequent candidate of the 
 Whig party in Illinois. A i)laque in the downtown 
 park proclaims thirty-five Revolutionary War Sol- 
 diers are buried within the county. William Wilson, 
 justice of the Illinois Supreme Court, is buried in' 
 a local cemetery. 
 
 CAVE HILL (19) rises six hundred feet above the 
 Saline River bottoms. The cave in the side of the hilf 
 can be explored for more than a mile. The impressive 
 cliff towers over the countiyside about eight mile.s: 
 southeast of Harrisburg, and three miles west of 
 Horseshoe. 
 
 CAVE IN ROCK STATE PARK takes its name 
 from its chief attraction, a mighty cave in the tower- 
 ing bluff facing the Ohio River. The cave is 55 feet 
 wide, 20 feet high at the entrance, and 108 feet deep. 
 It antedates all existing records. It was u.sed as a 
 hide-out by robbers, pirates, and assassins in the early 
 days. The view of the river from the top of the bluffs 
 above the cave is splendid. Other interesting rock 
 cliffs are on either side of the cave. The park lies at 
 the east edge of the village of Cave in Rock. 
 
 CENTRALIA lies in the center of a fine peach and 
 Kieffer pear territory. The "Thunderbolt Express," 
 firs-t temperature-controlled train for the transporta- 
 tion of fruit, was placed in operation between Cen- 
 tralia and Chicago. The first locomotive to burn Illi- 
 nois coal successfullv was converted from a wood-burn- 
 ing engine in the Illinois Central shops at Centralia. 
 General George B. McClellan, later commander in 
 chief of the Union Army in the Civil War, lived at 
 224 West Broadway while acting as chief engineer of 
 the Illinois Central Railroad. A profusion of gas flares 
 burning in the vast oil fields of the neighborhood 
 makes the drive into the Ceatra.Iia district a specta-
 
 I'ular one at iiij;hl. \Vamac. a suliiirli of (Vnlrali 
 is tho fii"st i)lace in Illinois wiii-iv woiiicii i-xitc si > 
 tlu' rifflit of siitTnifji'. A \illa^'c fli'<-tioii four il;i 
 aftiT till- lisiht to vole liad lieeii {jraiitetl k-aw I 
 woiiieii of Waiiiac llie lutiior. 
 
 CIIHKOKKK KNTAMl'MENTS (40) (4r)) are. I. 
 iiriiated iiy two slate liistorieal inarkers, one a sIiim 
 tlistanee east of Ware on State 14G, and another 1. 
 tweeu Anna aiul West \'ieniia on the same liijiliwav 
 They relate tiie slory of liic Irajrie trek of the Cher 
 «ikee Indians from liieir iiomes in the Kast to the 
 Jntlian Territory, 1}>;JS-18;W. 
 
 t'llKSTKIi is a |iietures(iiie town straddlinj,' a 
 w indinf^ ridfje alont; ti.e Mississi|i|ii River. Tlu- seat of 
 J{andoi|ih t'ounty, I'liester is the iefratee of Kaskaskia, 
 fil-st ea|>ilal of Illinois. At the north edtfe of town 
 are the Illinois .Security Hospital ami the .Menard 
 liraneh of tiie Illinois .State Penitentiary. Awtomoliilrs 
 on the new iiifjhway toll l)ri«ly:e aeioss the .\lississi|>|ii 
 Kiver, trains on the railroad alon^ liie <ast iiank of 
 the siime stream, and river boats and harj^es on the 
 hosoni of the river, throw in sharp eontrast tli« three 
 juethods of transportation. .Vt tiie nortlieast edf;e of 
 town, in a small State Historical I'ark in Kveryrreeii 
 <,\ nictery, is the monument over the srrave of Shadracl< 
 I'xtnd. first ;;overnor of Illinois. The first newspaix 
 pui)lished in Mlinois. the Illiitois llinild. was ediii- 
 J)y .Matthew Duman. at Ka.skaskia. 1814-1S16. K;i- 
 kaskia Itecamc the capital of Illinois Territory in iMiv 
 :ind the capital of tlie State of Illinois ujion its in I 
 mission to the Iiiion in IMS. It was situated on ili. 
 lowland ahout three miles n<:rtii of the present tow: 
 «f Chester. Kaskaskia lies buried beneath the water 
 of the Mississi])]ii Hiver. due to a change in its couis. 
 iJeneral James Shields lived in Kaskaskia in the eaiiy 
 days of the State. He later served as United States 
 s.nator from Illinois, and still later as senator from 
 two other states. Klzie Crisler Se<;ar, creator of 
 "I'op-eye the Sailor," was born in Chester. 
 
 CLAKIDA SPKINdS (TiO) near the south end ( f 
 the I>cll Smith .Sprinj^s Area, with si)rinfjs and Sand 
 Cave, is an additional attraetion of the region. 
 
 CLARK MARKERS traee the route of CeoruT 
 Roffers Clark and his men acro.ss Kff.v|>t to take Kas 
 kaskia from the British. The markers. ereet(>il by tin 
 Dan^rhtcrs of the .\merican Revolution, are locate I 
 as folhtws: west of ((/.ark on V S 4.'); near Forman c.n 
 the Hurlinfrton Railioad ri-jht of way: neai- the tii| 
 «)f Chance Hill on State ]4(i thiee miles west of Vien 
 iia ; on State 37 about one and one-half iiules soull 
 of (loreville; and about two miles north of (iori 
 ville to the ea.sl of State '?,!. 
 
 COllDKN nestles amid verdant iiills upon wliid! 
 ;i|)|iles, peaches, and veirctables are i-aised in abni 
 <lance. Parker Kaile, in ISOt), built a refri'^craled b<> 
 to hold two hundred nuarts of strawberries, and shi|' 
 peil it to ( hiea^). As an outgrowth of this revolution 
 arv idetu the refrigci-atetl frcijibt cai- came into exi--! 
 ♦MM-e. Karle's box is in the Illinois Central musenii' 
 at Cbicniji). .Nlthi-s .\_\ ics. st.nr iif silent nintion jii' 
 
 
 Top— Shadow.'; on the trail. (Photo by Dr. N. A. Herman i 
 
 Harrisbur;;. ) Bottom — Anvil Hock. (Photo by U. .'- 
 
 Forest Service, Shawnee National Forest).
 
 Left — Fly fishing in Bay Creek, Bell Smith Springs. Hight — Patterson Hill on U S 51, north of Anna. 
 
 tures, and Mary Tracy Earle, author, were bom in 
 Cobdcn. About three mile.s ea.st from Cobden is Kerr 
 Bluff. Prehistoric men known a.s Hluff Dwellei's lived 
 in two-level reees.sed eaves in the bluff. 
 
 ('OLD SPRINGS AREA (48), two and one-half 
 miles west of Hloonifield, has as chief attractions the 
 Juir. Drijiping Springs, Blowing Springs, and Ben- 
 son's Bluff. 
 
 t'oH'MBIA, with many hou-ses of German archi- 
 tecture, is a (plaint old town settled in the very early 
 davs of Illinois. 
 
 CRAB ORCHARD LAKE (27) is a seven-thou.sand- 
 aere body of water formed by damming Crab Orchard 
 Creek. It lies between Marion and ("arbondale, and 
 just south of Carterville and Ilerrin. Well stocked 
 with fish by the State, limit catches are frequent, 
 ^lotor boating, canoeing, sail boating, swimming, and 
 bathing are offered. Two auxiliary lakes. Little 
 (Tra.s,sy and Big Gras.sy (.stimetimes called Devils 
 Kitelien), are being constructed to the south of Crab 
 Orchanl Lake. 
 
 Upper Left — 
 
 Chalk Cliffs. 
 
 (Photo by Roger 
 
 Q Kimnier, 
 
 Murphysboro) ; 
 
 Upper Right — 
 
 Sailboat, Crab 
 
 Orchard Lake; 
 
 Center Left — 
 
 Pond, Anna State 
 
 Hospital, Anna; 
 
 Center Right — 
 
 Creek, Giant Citv 
 
 SUte Park. 
 
 ( Photos by Dr. 
 
 Angelina G. 
 
 Hamilton, Anna). 
 
 Bottom — Dairy 
 
 herd of 
 
 KgJ-pt. 
 
 Right— U. S. 
 Veterans 
 Hospital, 
 Marion
 
 Top 
 
 -Turrets of Old Science Building, Southern Illinois Normal University, 
 Carbondale. Bottom — Natural Bridge, Bell Smith Springs area. 
 
 CYPRESS might be called nat- 
 ural bridge land. At the east side 
 of the village stands a natural 
 bridge about 25 feet long and 30 
 feet high, fragile and graceful. To 
 the west of the settlement in the 
 ]jasture of Dee George is Rainbow 
 Arch, another natural bridge not 
 as high as the one on the east side 
 of town, btit more substantial. To 
 the north is another, the smallest 
 of the three. About two hundred 
 and four hundred rods beyond 
 Rainbow Arch are two caves, one 
 large enough to harbor cattle from 
 summer heat. A fine spring nearby 
 and a friendly farmer provide an 
 inviting picnic spot. 
 
 CYPRESS SWAMP (60) at one 
 time stretched acro.ss Egypt for a 
 goodly number of miles in an east 
 and west direction. The swamji cov- 
 ered more than one hundred thou- 
 sand acres of land below the Ozark 
 ridge in Johnson, Pulaski, and Mas- 
 sac Counties. Giant bald cypress 
 trees, unique among Illinois trees 
 due to the ab.sence of tap roots, 
 were cut by lumbermen .standing in 
 boats. Logging and drainage oper- 
 ations have removed most of the 
 eyi)r6ss trees and the swamp water. 
 Here and there a cypress tree 
 stands, a lonel}' sentinel in the now 
 fertile farm land. 
 
 DIXON SPRINGS is a recrea- 
 tional resort with a modem swim- 
 ming i)ool, natural amphitheater, 
 and wild fores-t scenery to invite 
 the outdoor enthusiast. The highest 
 spandrel-type bridge in Illinois cai'- 
 ries State 146 over a small stream 
 meandering through rocky out- 
 ('r()])pings. 
 
 DU QUOIN is in the coal belt of 
 l']gypt. Its railroads and industries 
 make for its prosperity. Tlie Du 
 (^uoin State Fair, as well known as 
 the Illinois State Fair, draws about 
 as many visitors. Joseph R. Marker, 
 jii'esident of Illinois Woman's Col- 
 lege (now MacMurray College), at 
 Jacksonville, 1893-1925, worked in 
 the coal mines near Du Quoin, and 
 then became a teacher in its Negro 
 l)ublic school. Du Quoin was the 
 lioine town of Marlin Hurt, radio 
 comedian. 
 
 EBP. AND PLOW SPRING 
 (55) is found near a graveled road 
 midway between Rosielare and 
 Elizabethtown. The spring takes its 
 name from the unusual quirk of 
 nature that causes the water to
 
 Left — Mairnolia tree, Cairo. (I'hoto by W. E. Aydt, Cairo) Kii-'ht — Old Slave House near J^juality. liclow — I'oniona 
 Natural Bridge. (Photo by Bob Riselinff, Murphysboro.) 
 
 ^/^Mr 
 
 i.¥ti-jCir.
 
 flow for forty-five minutes, and then cease flowing 
 for the same length of time, only to repeat the routine 
 throuiihout the years, 
 
 ELIzABETHTOWN, seat of Hardin County, is a 
 quaint river town never defiled by a railroad. It was 
 a major point for steamboats in the roaring river 
 days. The high rooky promontory gives a sweeping 
 view of the bending Ohio River, the Kentucky low- 
 lands and hills. The Rose Hotel, perched just back of 
 this observation point, was built in 1812. Fluor spar 
 mines are adjacent to the town. 
 
 ENFIELD for many years was the home of the 
 Enfield Academy. At the south edge of town along 
 the highway stands the old academy building where 
 former Senator William E. Borah was a student in 
 his youth. 
 
 EQUALITY honors its citizen, General Michael K. 
 Lawler of Civil War fame, with a monument erected 
 by the State. The cement portion is in bad condition, 
 but the bronze plaque, the work of E. M. Knoblaugh, 
 sculi)tor, shows good workmanship and design. It 
 stands in a small park. 
 
 FAIRFIELD is the seat of Wayne County. On the 
 southwest corner of the courthouse lawn a stone 
 monument with an aluminum plaque relates the story 
 of the first endorsement of Abraham Lincoln as a 
 presidential candidate on the Republican ticket, by 
 a convention which met at Fairfield, March 3, 1860. 
 
 FERNE CLYFFE (46) is a wild natural park a 
 half mile southwest of Goreville. Although privately 
 owned, it is open to visitors. The one hundred fifty 
 
 acres furnish the explorer much of interest. Alligator 
 Cave (no alligators), Castle Roek, the Devil's Stair- 
 way (no devil), Hawk's Cave, and Pocahontas Spi'ing 
 are some of the attractions. 
 
 FLORA was the home of Jonathan Edwards SpiK 
 man, compo.ser of the world-famous song. Flow Genth.iy 
 Sweet Afton. Flora is the center of the gi"eat red-top 
 grass section where the seed is grown commei-cially, 
 
 FOOTPRINT ROCK, near Grain, (30) is one mile 
 west of Grain on State 3, and one-half mile north on 
 State 151 on the west side of tlie highway. On the 
 large flat roek are faint imprints of human feet 
 and those of a three-toed fowl. 
 
 FOOTPRINT ROCK, near Forman, (59) is a sand- 
 stone roek about fifteen feet square with eighteen 
 imprints of human feet. It is on the farm of Sherman 
 Evans, two and three-fourths miles east, and a little 
 soutli of the village of Foi'man. Experts claim some 
 preiiistoric persons stood on the footprint rocks in 
 Soutlicrn Illinois at a time when the sandstone was 
 soft enough to take impressions. Later the I'oeks hard- 
 ened sufficiently to retain the marks. 
 
 FORT CHARTRES STATE PARK (8) is four 
 miles west of Prairie du Rocher on State 155. The 
 entrance gate, the guardhouse, and the chapel, all 
 reconstructed by the State, the foundation outlines of 
 the barracks, and other buildings give a good con- 
 ception of the original fort. Of greatest interest is 
 the original powder magazine built 1753-1756, the 
 oldest .structure in the Northwest Territory. A well 
 dug in 1754 still gives good drinking water. A 
 
 Kinkaid Hill west of Murphysboro, on State 144. 
 
 Photo by Roger Q Kimmel, MurphyshorO
 
 -T ^ 
 
 Left — Tlie Hewer, George Gray Barnard, 
 sculptor, Caiio. Right — Giant City State Park 
 showing the area that gave the park its name. 
 
 must'um contains a selected display of relics and 
 records. 
 
 FORT KASKASKIA STATE PARK (9), atop the 
 bluffs overlooking the Mississi]tpi River, is about four 
 and one-half miles north of Chester on State 3. and 
 west one-half mile. The outline of the brea.stworks and 
 a few foundation .stones of the old fort may be seen. 
 Pierre Menard, fii-st lieutenant governor of Illinois, 
 had his home at the tVwt of the bluff. Uuilt in 1.S02, 
 it is remarkably well preserved, and is the jiroperty 
 of the .State. The original furniture and many in- 
 teresting relics are displayed. In the rear, staiul the 
 only original slave <|uarters in existence in Illinois, 
 re.stored by the State. Nortliwe.st of the i)ark proix-r 
 is (iarrison Hill Cemelcry, also State-owned. When 
 tlie Mississippi River changed its coui-se thereby 
 covering the original town of Kaska.skia, the fii^t 
 capital of Illinois, the State moved the burials from 
 Kaskaskia Cemetery to a safe location on (Sarri.son 
 Hill. The graves of many pioneers may be found in 
 the cemetery. Bronze tablets on the walls of the new 
 shelter hou.se tell the story of Kaskaskia. A bronze 
 triptych, on the wall of the overlook around the 
 sliclter house, cairies the jMiem To A SiiiiLu n Ciiii — 
 Kiiskiiskin. by I.ouis W. Rodenburg. placed by the 
 Illinois Daughters of the American Revolution. 
 
 FOINTAI.X BUFF (31). a hill about four miles 
 long ami two miles wide, rises sharidy from the 
 bottom lands, with the Mi.ssis.sippi River washing its 
 western base. Many springs on the north face, a solid 
 
 wall of rock rising about two hundred feel, gave the 
 name now ai)])lied to the entire elevation. Original 
 settlers used the name "Big Hill." The south face 
 is less abrupt and is covered with a fine growth of ev- 
 ergreens. The surface is broken with coves and glens, 
 each a treasui-e house to the botanist. A forest trail 
 leads fiom State 'i through Happy Hollow to the 
 top of the Western face, where the view of the river is 
 superb. Foot trails and ]mrking s|)aees have been 
 matle. 
 
 tJALLATIN SALI.NKS (14), important to the 
 salt industry in the early days, were a short distance 
 west of Kijualitv. 
 
 (HANT CITY STATE PARK (37) is entered just 
 east of Makanda. With 1U»:! aere.s, it is one of the 
 most beautiful of Illinois state parks. A short distance 
 inside the park is the site of a jirehisforie fort or 
 jiound. The i-oad leads i)a.st many delightful pienie 
 s))ots to Giant City, the section that gives tlie jmrk 
 its name. At some time in the jiast. the gig.inlic r«K-ks 
 have been split into symmeti-ical blocks, giving the 
 impression of city streets lined with towering sky- 
 .s< lapeis. The park lodge is one of the most attractive 
 in the Stale. Balanceil Rock and Devils Slandtable 
 are favorite rock formations. 
 
 (iLKXDALF (51). with the adjacent area, has 
 many i)laces of interest. Lake (ilendale. covering 
 eighty acres, is a creation of the Shawnee National 
 Forest Service. i)roviding swimming, boating, and 
 fishing. Spout Springs, a few miles west, was the
 
 seeiie of a reeniifing rally bj' John A. Logan during 
 the early days of the Civil War. The University of 
 Illinois Experiment Station and Erosion Project is 
 designed to study various phases of agriculture. The 
 administration building is of native stone. Jack.son's 
 Hollow, about three and one-half miles northwest, is 
 one of EgjTJt's beauty spots. The Illinois Central 
 Railroad, about three miles west, passes through three 
 tunnels of a combined length of 10,426 feet. 
 
 GOLCONDA, seat of Pope County, has a memorial 
 to Sarahi Lusk on the courthouse squai'e. She was a 
 pioneer woman and the operator of Lusk's Perry 
 across the Ohio River during the eai-ly 1800 's. The 
 oldest Presbyterian Church organization in Illinois is 
 that of Goleonda, organized October 24, 1819. Raueh- 
 fuss Hill overlooks Lusk's Creek and the Ohio River. 
 
 GRAND TOWER, on the east bank of the Mis- 
 sissippi River, is directly opposite Tower Ruck, whicli 
 rises a sheer sixty feet from the wateis of the vivi'.r 
 near the Missouri shore. The top is about an acre in 
 extent and the whole, under the jurisdiction of the 
 Federal government, sometimes is called " ' the smalle./ 
 national park." Devil's Backbone and Devil's Bake 
 Oven are limestone formations immediately north of 
 Grand Tower's Front Street. Mark Twain com- 
 mented on the amount of property owned by His 
 Satanic Majesty in the neighborhood. Pig iron was 
 smelted at Grand Tower in the j^ears following the 
 Civil War. Jose))h Duncan, later governor of Illinois, 
 lived for some time noi'th of Grand Tower. 
 
 GRINDSTAFF HOLLOW and Coulter Spring 
 (22) are a .short distance south of Leamington, and 
 north of Pounds Hollow on the private grounds of 
 L. O. T.rigg. The rock outcropping forms an interest- 
 ing beauty s])ot. A foot trail from High Knob look- 
 out tower leads to the spring. 
 
 GUM SPRINGS (52) are about three miles north- 
 
 west of the \illage of Simpson, at the mouth of a 
 scenic hollow. An Indian pietograph of a buffalo may 
 be seen on a nearby rock. 
 
 HALE ORCHARDS (12), the original orchards 
 where the Hale peach was developed, are about five 
 miles southeast of Carmi. 
 
 HANGING ROCK (42), near the village of Mc- 
 Clui-e, is another of the interesting rock projections 
 of Egypt. 
 
 HARRISBUR6 is one of the major eoal centers of 
 Egypt. It is the seat of Saline County. The United 
 States Forest Service has its offices for the Shawnee 
 National Foi'est at Harrisburg, in charge of Roy W. 
 Olson. Harrisburg High School is proud of its grad- 
 uates Jack and Clarence Manders, who made such 
 great reconls in collegiate and professional football. 
 
 HAYES CREEK CANYON (53) is north of Glen- 
 dale, and west of Eddyville. The wrinkled walls of 
 the canyon, aged and eroded, are especially beautiful 
 immediately following a rain, when waterfalls softly 
 veil the canyon sides, showing the varicolored creases 
 in the walls. 
 
 IIERRIN is one of the important towns in the heart 
 of the coal fields of Egypt. The main business street, 
 Park Avenue, is wide enough to carry eleven auto- 
 moljiles abreast. At the corner of South Legion Boule- 
 vard and Poplar Street, a unique marker commem- 
 orates the march of George Rogers Clark towards Kas- 
 kaskia. A rustic stone seat, surmounted by a sundial 
 resting on a mill stone from a pioneer mill on Big- 
 Muddy River, carries the informative legend. It is 
 the gift of Violet and Hal W. Trovillion. 
 
 HICKORY RIDGE (35), one-half mile wes-t of 
 Etherton, affords a view of many miles of impressive 
 scenery. 
 
 HORSESHOE BLUFF (32), six miles southwest 
 of Etherton, is a steep cliff near the junction of Big 
 
 16
 
 Miitl'ly River and Ctnlar Crwk. 
 
 IKtksKSlloK LAKK (G2), jitst south of tlu' vil- 
 li4»i' of Olive IJranrli. is the eeiitt-r of a initji-atory 
 game n-fuse niaiiitaiiied by the State. The refufie 
 eoinprises ;!GIKI aeix's wliieli incliuK'S lloi-seshiH' Lake. 
 
 ILLINOIS HLAST FlKXAfK ('A) wa.s huilt in 
 18:J7, and for tliirty years proihieeji pi*? iron. Anollier, 
 the Slarlha lihist Fnrnaec, was erected ncarl)y in 
 IMS, and was operated for nine years. Karly 
 settU-i-s in the Olfio vaMey diseovei-ed iron ore 
 in the hills aloni: the i-iver. Iron from these furnaees 
 was transported overland to the river, and shipi>ed 
 on tumts to niannfaelurin'i centers. Nolliinf; remains 
 today of the Martha itlast Fiirnaee. The location is 
 marked hy a stone slab tfivinfi the pertinent faet.s. 
 Th«' Illinois HJast Furnace riMuains in a ba<lly dilapi- 
 dated con*lition. Sufficient is left to t;ive th? visitor 
 a clear conception of its size and the method of op.cr- 
 ation. it stands abi>ul five miles mirl! of Rosiclarc. 
 and a .short distance to the east. 
 
 ILLLNlUS FOKKSTKV lIKAIX^lAirrKKS, 
 Southern Division, of the Conservation Department of 
 Illinois (11) are alnnit two and one-half miles north 
 of Jienton on State oT, surrounded by a Rrove ope.i 
 to the public fill- picnic use. 
 
 INDIAN KITCHEN (ti:)) has one of the ^«ven 
 pounds or pn^historic forts in Eiryjit. It is the only 
 one with a part of the orifiinal wall standin-;. Indian 
 Kitchen, on the we.st liank of Lusk ("reek, abimt fivi' 
 miles ea.st of the village of Kddyville over a poor 
 road, is reached by a foot trail. A hazardous rock 
 shelf leads to a grotto. 
 
 JONKSHORO. seat of Union County, wa.s the 
 scene of the third debate of the famous series be- 
 tween Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Doughis. It 
 was held Septend)er 15. IS.'SS, in a grove alwut one- 
 fourth mile north of the square at Jonesboro. The 
 site is marked by a stone botilder staniling in front 
 
 of the ranger station of the Shawnee National Forest 
 Service. Kaolin is mined near .Joncslwro. 
 
 KAKHEKS HIDtiE AREA (24) has numy nnks 
 of unusual shapes, .\gainst a backdrop of ]irccipiti>us 
 cliffs stands Anvil Ro<'k, which resembles a black- 
 .smith's anvil. It staiuls at the head of Moccasin Hol- 
 low, about three miles north and west fiom the village 
 of Karbers Ridge. Three and one-fourth miles south- 
 west of KailM'i-s Hidge is Hick's Dome, an unusual 
 domc-shaiH'd rock rising from the floor of the valley. 
 The oidy evidence of the existence of a volcano, at 
 some prehistoric time in this part of the I'nited States, 
 is the volcanic plug .scaling the crater of an extinct 
 volcano, located about two and three-fourths miles 
 ea.st of Karbers Ridge. High Knob rises !)'2() feet 
 above .sea level about two miles north of Karbci-s 
 Uidg*'. From the top of the knob excellent views can 
 be enjoyed of the sill roumling s<'cnery. A cave in the 
 east side of High Knob offers opportunity for ex- 
 ploration. 
 
 KASK.VSKIA (new) was settled in the lS9(l's. ami 
 jireserves tic name of the first capital of Illinois. 
 The original town is now submerge<l l>eneath tho 
 watei-s of the .Mississi|)|)i River. The change in the 
 coui-se of the river created an island which is the 
 only part of the Stale west of the Mississippi River. 
 The village of Kaskaskia is reached over the new loll 
 l)ridge at Chester, going fii-st to St. JIarys, Mis.souri. 
 then across the old channel of t!ie river to the village. 
 In the Church of the Immaculate Conception founded 
 at old Kaska.skia in 1700. is the lu-11 given the church 
 in 1741 by Louis XV, king of France. It weighs 6.">0 
 pounds and stands 2"J inches high. The French in- 
 .scription may bo translated, "To the ])eo|)le of the 
 Illinois Country for their adoration." The lilies of 
 Prance are a i>art of the ornament. 
 
 KASKASKIA CAMPCROIND (29), beh)w Kiii- 
 kaid Hill, and about a mile west on State 144. is the 
 
 Bald Knob 
 
 near 
 AJto Pass
 
 
 site of the Kaskaskia Indian vil- 
 lage at Sand Ridge, where rem- 
 nants of the Kaskaskia tribe passed 
 their last days in Illinois before 
 their removal westward by the 
 Federal government. 
 
 KING AID MOUNDS (58) are 
 considered one of the important 
 archeological studies in the United 
 States. The University of Chicago 
 owns the site, and has explored 
 about half of the twenty-odd 
 mounds. They are located about 
 nine and one-half miles ea.st and 
 south of Brookport. 
 
 KINKAID HILL (28), about 
 seven miles west of Murphysboro 
 on State 144, furnishes an obser- 
 vation point alongside the high- 
 way from which a panoramic view 
 unfolds of the Ozarks of Egypt and 
 Missouri. 
 
 LAWRENCEVILLE, .seat of 
 Lawrence County, lies in the heart 
 of one of the early oil fields of 
 Illinois. It still is an important 
 figure in the petroleum world. The 
 offices and refinery of the Indian 
 Refining Company are located at 
 the south edge of town. At this 
 jjlant, paraffin-free oil was first 
 l)roduced. Jesse K. Dubois, friend 
 of Lincoln, lived in tlie county. 
 
 LEBANON is the home of" Mc- 
 ivendree College. One of the three 
 oldest colleges in Illinois, it is lo- 
 cated at the west edge of town. 
 Mermaid Inn, popular in the early 
 days, is standing at 112 East St. 
 Louis Street. It was visited by 
 Charles Dickens and praised in bis 
 writings. Abraham Lincoln was a 
 frequent guest at the inn. Lebanon 
 was the home of former Governor 
 Augustus C. French, who is buried 
 in the Lebanon Cemetery. 
 
 LEMEN'S FORT (7) was the 
 familiar name of the home of 
 James Lemen, which stands about 
 three and one-half miles southwest 
 of Waterloo. It is the oldest brick 
 house in Illinois. Of .sturdy con- 
 struction, it furnished a place of 
 ivl'uge for the early settlers dur- 
 ing tlie Indian raids. Portholes can 
 be seen in the walls of the first 
 floor. A monument to James Lem- 
 en stands in a nearby grove. 
 
 Top — Crab Orchard Lake. Center — 
 Orient Mine No. 2, West Frankfort, 
 largest shaft coal mine in the world. 
 Bottom — Lunch time in Sand Cave. 
 
 a >C mi »ntm niin^*"^
 
 LINCOLN TUAll, .MoM 
 MKNT (3) flanks the west ap 
 ])i(iach of tlu' Lincoln .Mi-morial 
 ISiiilfiie wliicli spans tlio Wahasli 
 Hivoi- at ViiU'i-nni's, Luliana. The 
 liri<l5i;e, crccteil jointly by tlu- 
 states of Indiana and Illinois, is 
 a memorial to Abraham Lincoln 
 and his family where they crossed 
 the \Val)ash Hiver on their mi-^ra- 
 tion from Indiana to Illinois. Tl)e 
 nionniiient on the Illinois apiiroach 
 eonnnemorates the journey of the 
 Lincoln family into Illinois. It is 
 a lartte bas-relief, the work of 
 Nellie Walker, sculptor, with 'he 
 princi])al fissure that of younj; 
 Abraham in bronze ajrainst a back- 
 ;,Mound oi stone, showing him 
 lriKltrin5;: beside the ox-drawn cov- 
 ered wasron loaded with the fanuly 
 ])ossessions. The monument is nine 
 and one-half miles east of Law- 
 reneeville on I' S fiO. Just across 
 the river in Vineennes is the mem- 
 orial to (ieoisie Uofjers (^lark ereet- 
 pd bv the State of Indiana. 
 
 LITTLE OHANI) CANYON 
 (36), a short distance north of the 
 village of Etherton, buljios with 
 many and varied flowers, shrulis, 
 fei-ns, and trees; a wild natural 
 garden, well worth seein}?. 
 
 LuriSVlI.EE, seat of Clay 
 County, was the scene of many of 
 the early i^litieal efforts of John 
 R. Tanner l»efore he l)ecame gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 AL\RION, seat of Williamson 
 County, is another of the cnal cen- 
 ters of E'?y])t.- Congressman John 
 A. Logan came home to Marion 
 after the Battle of Bull Run tn 
 make, on the ])ublic .sfpiaic, the 
 speech that held Southern Illinois 
 in the Union, and to bctrin recruit- 
 ing' the regiment with which he 
 entered the Civil War as a colonel. 
 Mrs. Lofjan spent her fjirllKHjd in 
 the town. Robert <!. Ligt^rsoil stud- 
 ied law in Marion durin<j;the ISfjO's 
 while his father held the I'rcsby- 
 terian pastorate. The I'nited Stall's 
 A'eterans A<lministration Kacilil\ 
 has erected a veterans hospital :ii 
 t:>e west cdfje of town, liuilt at ;i 
 f;).st of $1.27">.OOn, not includiuj 
 the cost of ei|ui])nn-nl, it has at 
 present a ICObed cai)acity whidi 
 will be increa.sed ultimately to "ilMi 
 lieds. I'liiler the direction of Doctm 
 !•:. A. Welch, the lospilal has n 
 .s1:iff of seven medical officei-s, a 
 dental officer, twent.v-lwo nnrs<'s, 
 laboratorv and technical .-issistants. 
 
 Top — Lincoln 
 
 Trail Monument 
 
 on west 
 
 approach 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Memorial 
 
 Bridge over 
 
 Wabash Kiver 
 
 on U S 50 
 
 east of 
 
 Lawrenceville. 
 
 Center — 
 
 .XppelUite 
 
 Courthouse, 
 
 Mount Vernon. 
 
 Bottom — 
 
 Giant Shovel 
 
 in .strippin.e: 
 
 operation, 
 
 Tyraniid Coal 
 
 Company.
 
 Top — Logan 
 
 Monument 
 
 in front of 
 
 Murphysboro 
 
 Township 
 
 High School. 
 
 ( Photo 
 
 courtesy 
 
 Bert Burr, 
 
 Murphysboro.) 
 
 
 pharmacists, librarians, dieticians, 
 and other assistants. The building 
 carries out the Egyptian motif, 
 with a central pyramidal tower 
 and an exterior of terra cotta and 
 brick, ornamented with conven- 
 tional Egj'ptian designs. 
 
 MARYS RIVER COVERED 
 BRIDGE (10) is about four miles 
 northeast of Chester on State 150 
 in a wayside park created by the 
 State highway department. The 
 bridge was built in 1854, as part of 
 a plank road. 
 
 McLEANSBORO, seat of Ham- 
 ilton County, is the home of form- 
 er Governor John H. Stelle. There 
 are many oil wells in the surround- 
 ing country. 
 
 METROPOLIS is the seat of 
 Massac County. Robert G. Inger- 
 soll taught school in the log house 
 now covered with weather board- 
 ing, and standing at the comer of 
 Fourth and Ferry Streets. A shoe 
 repair shop occupies the building. 
 At the east edge of town is Fort 
 Massac State Park. Fort Massac, 
 originally a French outpost in the 
 French and Indian War, was de- 
 livered to the British at the closj 
 of that war, and later, was aban- 
 doned by them. The State recently 
 lias recon.structed the outlines of 
 the old fort. In 1778, Geoj-ge Rog- 
 ers Clark, on his epic-making 
 march to Kaskaskia, entered Illi- 
 nois at Massac Creek about a mile 
 up.stream from the abandoned fort. 
 iS. bronze statue of Clark by Leon 
 Hermant, sculptor, surveys the 
 twenty-four mile view of the Ohio 
 River. 
 
 MILL CREEK QUARRY (43) 
 is in the area adjacent to the in- 
 tersection of Mill and Cooper 
 creeks, where Oximiamis Indians 
 for many years obtained their 
 flint for arrowheads. Many In- 
 dian graves have been found. 
 
 MOUND CITY, seat of Pulas- 
 ki County, has many historical 
 places. The General Hospital u.sed 
 during the Civil War remains, al- 
 though no longer a hospital. On 
 the banks of the Ohio River are the 
 Marine Ways. On them, during 
 the Civil War, manj- boats were 
 repaired. Several were construct- 
 ed by James B. Eads (who later 
 built the Eads Bridge at St. Louis) 
 for the gunboat flotilla under the 
 command of Admiral Foote. 
 
 MOUNT CARMEL, seat of Wa- 
 bash Countv, was the scene of
 
 Left — Oil derricks rtow in bunches in Kuxpt. liinht Scoiio on the Shawnee lakes. 
 
 iiKiiiy Iiuliaii hattli's. Al one time llii-cc liihcs cdii- 
 tesled for the teri'iloi'y. Miiuiids and vilhi'ic sites iiuiy 
 l)e seen in fiio Wahasli River valley. 'I'he Harney's 
 I'raii'ie f'hnreh o( IJie Diseiples ol' Christ. al);)Ul eiy:lit 
 niih's north of .Mount Cai-tnei, was oi-jianized in l.^'l!). 
 tiie first eimreh of that denoMiination in lllino',. 
 
 MOUNT VKHNON has an unusual arehite>-lural 
 gem in the Appellate Court Huildiuf,', at the west 
 ed^e of the business di.slriet. Built in Ihe foini of a 
 Maltese eross, the eye foeuses instantly upun twin 
 iron stall-ways that curve in f^raeeful symmetry to the 
 second flooi- entrance. ( )riij'inally desi<>iied to be the 
 Supi'eme Court lUiildiny:. it was made a home of the 
 Api)ellate Court upon the establishment of the Su- 
 ])i'enie Court at Sprint-field. A mai-ker on the wall 
 of the Liiu'oln Building on Tenth Street relates a 
 visit and speech of Abraham Lincoln at tlrat sjjot. 
 For many years, former (lovernoi' Louis Jj. Kmmer- 
 son lived in .Mount \'ei-non. With the recent devel- 
 opment of the oil fields in the region. Mount Vev- 
 non, the seat of .Jefferson Count.\', has assumed the 
 atmos])here of an oil nietrojiolis. 
 
 MOCXT VKRNON CAMIC FARM (.">), five miles 
 south on State :17 from Mount \'ernon, and one mile 
 east. coTiijirises 7S4 aei'es operated by the State i f 
 Illinois for the propajiation of wild life. 
 
 MILKKVTOWN is known for the Silkwo^d home 
 which stands one mile north of the villa'.'c. It was 
 built in ]8'2S as a double \o'^ hou.se. Its pej-fred ilooi's, 
 weatiier boardintc of plank s|ilit from oak trees, and 
 liewn oak ))illars su))poi'tinii the lear porches mai''; its 
 auo. It is a jirivate home. Foi- many yeai-s it has been 
 known as the ■"Home of the Quadi'oon (lirl." Silk- 
 wood boufiht the ([uadi-oon, Pi'i.scilla, fi'om a ( 'herokee 
 Indian of the };i-oup that marched ovei-land to thi' 
 Indian Territoi-y. This (luadroon. freed by Silkwno<l. 
 lived out her da.\s a I'espected member of the Silk- 
 wood houseliolil. Mallows which bloom in the house- 
 yai'<l are meiiietitos of fiiscilla "s birthplace, fjrown 
 from seed brought in her apimi |)ocket mi her west- 
 ward jourTiey. 
 
 MIRPIIV'SBORO is th<> seat of Jackson County. 
 (I'eneral .John .\. Logan was born on a farm east of 
 llie extinct village of Brownsville; the homestead 
 now is a part of Murjjhysboro. A granite boulder op- 
 
 p,i;ile :!l(l South Soventeenth Street marks the place. 
 .\n ('(lueslrian bronze bas-relief of Ceneral Logan 
 stands in front of the Mni'physbo7'o Township lligli 
 School a« the west edge of town. A bron/e medallion 
 of .Mrs. Logan is mounted on the base of the mem- 
 orial. Leon llermant was the sculi)loi'. At the south- 
 west edge of the city is Riverside Park wiiei-e. 
 thi'oughout the summer, are held weekly band con- 
 certs, dramatic produelions, and Sunday evening 
 .joint religious services. It is claimed Riverside Park 
 has a greater annual attendance than any other pai'k 
 in Illinois outside of ('liicago, with the exception of 
 Star\ed l\ock State Park. The first couuuereial coal 
 mine in Illinois was located just south of town on the 
 I'.ig Muddy River. 
 
 NASIIVILLH, seat of Washington County, is 
 ))roud of Major (Jeneral Russell Maxwell, who was 
 I)orn on a farm nearby. He was the highest lanking 
 Cnited Slates Army offieei' from Hg\pt. Illinois, in 
 the i;uropean-Afr'can Theati'cs of World War II. 
 
 NKW I1A\'1<;N is situated on the bottom lands 
 of the liittle Wabash River, not far from its eonfiu- 
 (iii-c with the Wabash Riv-'r. The (iraddy House, 
 Miori' than one hundred years old, stands on the 
 main thoroughfare, still serving as a hotel. The 
 (plaint slumbering old town lives mostly in the glor- 
 ies of its jiasl. Around the village, pecan groves pro- 
 duce Ihe famous Waliash paper-sliell pecans. 
 
 N'KiCHR SPRING (IG) was one of the salt wells 
 of Ih' early da.vs of lOgypt. Four miles east of Ivpial- 
 it.\ on State l.'I, and two and one-half miles south o i 
 State 1, is an official marker indicating the site. S.dt 
 water flowed from certain springs in I'-gypl. and by 
 a process of e\aporalion. salt was obtained f(U' com- 
 mi'l-cial s;ilc. 
 
 (»LI) SL.Wi; llOl'SL (If)), four miles east of 
 ivpiaiity on State l:!, .-md three-fourths of a mile 
 .south on State 1, was known as "Hickory Hill" or 
 the Creu.sl aw home. .\ three-story structure, the 
 top fl(M)r was built for i|Uarlers for slaves. Double- 
 de<-ked cells remain, as do two whipping posts. Lvi- 
 dence shows that chains were fastened to the walls to 
 keej) the slaves from escaping. They were l>roughl into 
 Illinois to toil in the salt works. 
 
 OI I) STONK FACE (21) is one of tli'j most start- 
 
 21
 
 ling of rock structures in Egypt. From Cave Hill, 
 eight miles south and east of Harrisburg, a trip of a 
 few more miles past Stillliouse Hollow brings into 
 view on Eagle Mountain, on the Oxford farm, the 
 perfect likeness of a giant face. 
 
 OLMSTED has the only deposits of fuller's earth 
 mined in Illinois. Nearby Lovers' Leap offers a mag- 
 nificent view of the sweeping Ohio River. 
 
 OLNEY was the home of Doctor Robert Ridgway, 
 famous ornithologist and naturalist, whose house and 
 grounds are on the east side of Morgan Street ten 
 blocks south. Olney, seat of Richland County, is 
 widely kno\vn as the home of the white squirrels. The 
 albino animals can be seen playing in the trees 
 throughout the town. 
 
 PINCKNEYVILLE is the .seat of Perry County. 
 A short distance south of town on State 13, the Pyra- 
 mid Coal Company operates the largest commercial 
 strip mine in the United States. Near Pinckneyville, 
 good examples may be seen of reclamation of spoil 
 banks resulting from stripping operations. Mitchell 
 Lodge Number 85, A. P. and A. M., Pinckneyville, 
 made John A. Logan a Master Mason in 1869. 
 
 PINE HILLS SKYLINK DRIVE (39) is a five 
 mile drive, along the crest of a ridge of the Illi- 
 nois Ozarks, which affords views of iinsurpassed 
 beauty. The full luscious valley of the Mississippi 
 River unfolds to the west, and the undulating green 
 hills and valleys of the Egyptian Ozark-s sjjrcad to 
 the east and south. Prom Wolf Lake on State 3, the 
 road nuis east over the lowlands, and the. turns 
 north for some distance beneath the towering chalk 
 cliffs, with southern i)ine growing from crevices in 
 the steep face of the rock. By a gradual winding as- 
 cent, the drive reaches the top of the ridge and con- 
 tinues along the crest for some distance. The shelter 
 liouse on the top of McGee Hill jirobably affords the 
 best view of the manv offered. 
 
 POMONA NATURAL BRIDGE (33), is an odd- 
 
 ity of nature about two miles northwest of the vil- 
 lage of Pomona. The I'ock bridge crosses a small 
 stream with a span of 76 feet, 3 inches, and a width 
 varying from 9 to 12 feet. 
 
 POUNDS HOLLOW (23) in the eastern section of 
 the Shawnee National Porest, is enjoj'ed by fisher- 
 men and nature lovers. Indians or some earlier race 
 erected seven stone forts or pounds in Southern Illi- 
 nois. Some authorities contend they were forts, more 
 claim the.v were pounds for the trapping and slaying 
 of wild animals, mostly buffaloes. One such crumb- 
 ling wall at Pounds Hollow gives the area its name. 
 The United States Porest Service has built a dam 
 in the stream to give a mountain lake effect, and to 
 provide facilities for Imthing, boating, and fishing. 
 The Pounds is reached by a graveled road west three 
 miles from State 1, just south of Gibsonia. 
 
 PRAIRIE DU ROCHER has the Creole house, the 
 only remaining example of true Creole architecture 
 in Illinois. In the old Prench town, many of the 
 customs of the early da.ys are continued. 
 
 RADOM (6) is in an area settled by Polish immi- 
 grants after the Civil W^ar. General John B. Turch- 
 in, Russian immigrant, a one-time soldier of the 
 czar, and later a hero in the Union Army, was in- 
 strumental in bringing the Poles to this section. He 
 lived in Radom for many years. 
 
 RED BUD is a community that truly lives up to 
 its name. In the spring, thousands of redbud trees 
 bur.st into l^rilliant bloom in the vicinity. 
 
 ROARING SPRING (44) is about five and one- 
 half miles south of Anna on the M. J. Sensmeyer 
 farm. Amid sixty acres of forest land, the roar of 
 the spring is heard distinctly. 
 
 ROSICLARE, on the Ohio River, nestles among 
 the many fluor spar mines, and is the metropolis of 
 the industry. The vital mineral is found in deposits 
 that extend under the river into Kentucky. Eighty 
 per cent of the fluor spar mined in the United States 
 
 Old court- 
 house at 
 Thebes.
 
 roincs fi-om the region. Leail and zinc arc found ii. 
 llic or^'. 
 
 SALKM welcomes many visitoi-s wlio ctunc to tin 
 scat of Marion ('i)unty to si-o the hirtliplacc an. 
 I'ovIkhhI home of William .Icnnin-^ Hiyan, 40S Souti, 
 r.iiiailway. \vhi<-ii is now maintained as a museum. 
 I^arifc oil fields adjacent to the town cause man\ 
 supplv companies to maintain depots in Sulem. 
 
 SALTl'KTKR CAVK CM) is a cavern of (jrrcal 
 size on Tomcal Hill, on the (Irannner faim. two and 
 onedmlf miles south of Kthciton. A «reut oveihani: 
 makes a lai-jre protected space, us«'d hy outlaws durinvr 
 the Civil War days. 
 
 SAXBritiN is visite«l by flower lovers who seek 
 the natural fern sranlen on the cliffs one mile west. 
 
 Sl'oTT KlKId) (1 I one of the first aviation train- 
 ins; centers of the Inited Slates Army, is alwut eifjhl 
 miles east of liellcville. 
 
 SHAWN'KE I.AKKS d.)). northca.st of Shaw- 
 neitown. alonjrthc liver, are Black, Bitr, Hound. Lony: 
 Fish, and Fcchrer Lakes. Other small lakes are in 
 the resjion. (JimkI fishing aiul other water sports at- 
 tract many visitors. 
 
 SIIAWNKK NATIONAL FORKST (shaded areas) 
 is in two sci'tions. one on the west side and the other 
 on the east side, of Ksypt. I'uder the jurisdiction of 
 Ihe Initeil States Forest Service, phintinfirs of new 
 trees are made, cuttings supervised, fire protection 
 exercised, ami all efforts nuide to extend the de- 
 velopment of forest •growth in the district. 
 
 SHAWNKKTOWN (new) is about four miU.> fron> 
 the original town, far enoujrh from an«l above Ihc 
 Ohio Kivcr to be sjife from the flood menace. 'Ihe 
 courthouse, built of native stone, stands at the ex- 
 treme end of the mall. In the courtroom, a large 
 mural dei)icls the arrival of Ka Fayette at Shawnee- 
 town. Side panels show (icneral Thomas Posey, Rev- 
 olutionary W'liv hero, and Albert <iallatin for whom 
 the count v was named. 
 
 SIIAWNKKTOWN has fought the Ohio River 
 throughout the town's existence. It is below the level 
 of the river. |)rotictcd thercfr<im by levees. Quaint 
 an<l historic, the town attracts the lovers of the past. 
 Downstream from the center of the town, against the 
 levee, stands the Marshall house in which the fii-st 
 bank in Illiuois was opened in 1.S16. Tlie liouse. built 
 in 1812, was the third brick house in Illinois. Later 
 the bank was moved to a new structure in the busi- 
 ness center. Erected in iMil). it is of (ireek Revival 
 style of architecture, with five Doric colunuis at the 
 front. Now the property of the State, it is planned to 
 rehabilitate it for use as a nui.seum. In the Posey 
 Kuilding. southwest corner of State 13 and Main 
 Street. Robert (}. Ingei"soll had his law office for 
 several yeai-s. Genei-al La Fayette visited .shawnce- 
 town in IW'i. In Westwood Cemetery, are the graves 
 of General Thomas Posey, of Revolutionary War 
 fame, and .John McLean, the fii-st congres.sman from 
 Illinois, and later. I'Viited States senatoi-. (Jeneral 
 John A. McClernand made his home in Shawnee- 
 towni until the Civil War. The second newspaper in 
 Illinois, established in 1S18. by Kdd> and Kimmd, 
 was known successively as the Hhiiifiin Chiif. lllinoi.s 
 Emigrant, and Illinois (Inzitti. About four nules west 
 of town stands Sugar Loaf Mound, the large.st of 
 
 Old Bank Building, Shawneetown 
 
 .several Indian mounds in the vicinity. The fciry 
 acro.ss the Ohio River was established in 1814. In 
 1!>37. when the Ohio River reached a record height. 
 Shawneetown suffered severely. As a lesult. a plan 
 was foiMUilated to move the town to higher ground 
 about four ndles distant. The plan has been partially 
 completed. 
 
 SHILOII is i.roud of the Shiloh Metho.list Church, 
 the oldest ilethodist organization in Illinois, organiz- 
 ed in 1807, by I'.ishop .McKcndree. 
 
 SPAHT.\ was a very iini«u-tant station on the 
 rndeinround Railroad before the Civil War. 
 
 STILLIIorSE HOLLOW AND P.LIFFS (2(M, 
 with a cave, a spring, and much wild beauty beckon 
 the outdoor lover to the region about eight miles 
 southeast of Harrisburg. 
 
 STONEIFORT has kept as a monument the mill- 
 stones of tlic old (larris .Mill. ship|ie<l fi-om France, 
 brought u|i the inland ri\ers. and then hauled over- 
 land by oxen. About four miles east of town are the 
 remains of a prehistoric fort or pound. 
 
 TAMAROA has Maple Lawn Gardens on the 
 .southeast edge of town, which are noted for the pro- 
 duction of narcis.su.ses. daffodils, jonquils, and iieon- 
 ies. The total <mt|)ut is sold in carlots to buyci-s in the 
 major cities. The heiglit of the season is about Kastcr. 
 John A. Logan attended Locust Mill .\cad.Mny, soutI' 
 of town, which operated from ls:?fl to 1846. 
 
 THEMES, a typical southeni river town, hangs 
 on the Mis.si.s.sippi River bluffs. Halfway up the 
 cliff clings the old courthouse. Erected in 1S48. when 
 Thebes was the seat of .\lcxander County, the land- 
 mark is u.sed today as a public library. Three stories 
 high on the front facing the river, and two stories 
 high in the rear, it is a picturesque relic of the river 
 days. Edna PVrber drew some of Iter material for 
 her novel Shmv Boat from the immediate vicinity of 
 Thebes. 
 
 TOWER ROCK (.01;). ai>proximately halfway be- 
 tween Elizabct blown and Cave in Rock, was known 
 on Ihe inland waters Ity the men of the paddle-wheel 
 boats. The distinctive rock stands ahing the Ohio 
 River shore. 
 
 23
 
 The Cave, Cave in Kock State Park 
 
 UNION COUNTY STATE FOREST (41), which 
 includes the Thompson Tree Nursery, is used by the 
 State to grow most of the plantings for the beautifi- 
 cation of its parks, drives, highways, and beauty 
 spots in the soutliern lialf of Illinois. Shelter houses, 
 fountains, benches, and x'icnic accommodations make 
 this 3555-aere tract a favored one in westei'n Egypt. 
 Included in the area is the farm where the State prop- 
 agates ^vild turkeys. The forest is reached three miles 
 west from Jonesboro on State 146, and north on a 
 graveled road. 
 
 UNITED STATES NATIONAL CEMETERY 
 (61), about a mile west of Mound City, contains the 
 graves of 5686 Northern .soldiers. In the cemetery are 
 the graves of General John B. Turchin and his 
 wife, with a monument commemorating their Civil 
 War careers. The Illinois Soldiers Monument stands 
 in the cemetery. 
 
 VIENNA is the seat of Johnson County. George 
 Rogers Clark and his men camped their first night 
 from Massac Creek at Indian Point, six miles south 
 on U S 45. 
 
 WALTONIAN AREA (26) was designed primar- 
 ily as a place for the followers of Izaak Walton. Sal- 
 ly Hollow, sometimes called Loekwood Hollow, offers 
 many beauty spots for the explorer. The area is en- 
 tered from State 34 about one and one-half miles 
 south of Rudement. 
 
 WATERLOO, seat of Monroe County, is one of the 
 old towns of Illinois. Its many native stone houses 
 date liack to the early days wlien German immigrants 
 settled in the community. William H. Bissell, first 
 Republican governor of Illinois, lived in Waterloo for 
 
 many years. William R. ]\Iorrison, M'hose tariff policy 
 gave him his nickname of "Horizontal Bill," was a 
 beloved citizen of the town. His liome now houses 
 the public libraiT. 
 
 WEST FRANKFORT is another of the great coal 
 mine centers of Egj'pt. Just north of the city on 
 State 37 is Orient Mine Number 2, the largest shaft 
 coal mine in the world. West of town on State 149 a 
 monument on the south side of the highway marks 
 the last battle between Indian tribes fought in this 
 part of Illinois. The Shawnee killed most of the Kas- 
 kaskia warriors, and drove the remnant of the tribe 
 across the Little Muddy River to the protection of 
 their white friends along the Mississippi. 
 
 WEST SALEM was settled in 1838, by German 
 Moravians who came from North Carolina. The Mora- 
 vian Church at West Salem was organized May 25, 
 1844. The Easter sunrise service is the only Moravian 
 service of that nature in the State. In the original 
 Moravian Cemetery, on the grave of Emma Pfeil, is 
 a marker claimed to be the world's smallest tomb- 
 stone, measuring five and seven-eighths by ten and 
 a half by two inches. 
 
 WILD CAT HILLS (17), across Saline River not 
 far from Equality, are rugged timbered hills which 
 invite exploration. 
 
 WILLIAMS HILL (25) stands 1065 feet above sea 
 level, the highest elevation in Egj'pt. A good forest 
 road makes the top easily accessible. In all directions 
 may he seen the splendor of the Egyptian Ozarks. 
 Williams Hill is reached fourteen miles south of Har- 
 risburg on State 34 to Herod, and west about three 
 miles on a good graveled road. 
 
 24
 
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