THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AGRICULTURAL LJBRARV UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Agricultural Experiment Station BULLETIN No. 201 YIELDS OF WINTER GRAINS IN ILLINOIS BY W. L. BUELISON AND O. M. ALLYN URBANA, ILLINOIS, JUNE, 1917 SUMMARY OF BULLETIN No. 201 NORTHERN ILLINOIS. Continued tests have shown that Turkey Bed is the high- est-yielding variety of wheat for northern Illinois. The other high-yielding varieties which have been grown for a minimum of three years are Turkey 9-233, Malakoff 5-458, Minnesota Reliable, Kharkof, Wheedling 5-464, and Malakoff. Pages 97-99 Winter rye has yielded more than winter wheat in northern Illinois. Winter barley has not withstood winter-killing. Pages 99, 101 CENTRAL ILLINOIS. Thirteen varieties of wheat have been grown for five or more years at Urbana. The leading varieties are Turkey Bed, Malakoff, Fultz, Hungarian, Pesterboden, Beloglina, Kharkof, and Dawson's Golden Chaff. Other promising varieties are Turkey Hybrid 509 and Dawson's Golden Chaff 9-225. Pages 101-104 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. Of the varieties of wheat which have been tested for a minimum of three years, Fulcaster has been the highest-yielding variety. Varie- ties yielding next in order and which have been tested for a minimum of three years are Economy, Wheedling, Indiana Swamp, Harvest King, Missouri Pride, Eudy, and Poole. Fulcaster was outyielded several years by Economy, Wheed- ling, Missouri Pride, and Harvest King. The hard wheats are not adapted to conditions in southern Illinois. Pages 104-108 One-year tests with rye, barley, and emmer as winter crops show promising results, but winter oats failed. Pages 106-108 CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT. Pages 109-110 YIELDS OF WINTER GRAINS IN ILLINOIS BY W. L. BURLISON", ASSOCIATE CHIEF IN CROP PRODUCTION, AND O. M. ALLYN, FIRST ASSISTANT IN CROP PRODUCTION Winter wheat ranks third among the most important grain crops grown in Illinois. There are numerous varieties of wheat raised in the state, some of which are unsatisfactory, while others are superior strains. Changing seed wheat is not advisable unless the performance records of the new varieties are thoroly demonstrated in tne region in which they are to be used. During late years many varieties of wheat of unknown value have been widely advertised. Notable among these are Alaska, Marvelous, and Miracle. Yields obtained by this station and reports by other investigators prove that mis- statements have been printed in advertisements regarding these wheats. Illinois possesses marked climatic and soil differences, and varieties of wheat suited to one locality are not necessarily the most desirable for another part of the state. The Illinois Experiment Station has conducted experiments with winter grains, not only at Urbana in the central part of the state, but also on crop experiment fields at DeKalb, in northern Illinois, and at Fairfield, in southern Illinois. The soil on which the experiments at DeKalb and Urbana have been conducted is, for the most part, brown silt loam ; at Fairfield, gray silt loam on tight clay. These are the common prairie soils in these regions. The experiment fields have been regularly supplied with phosphate rock and either farm manure or crop residues. Lime- stone has also been applied at Fairfield and to some extent at Urbana. The aim has been to keep the land in a good state of fertility but not to produce abnormal conditions. It is believed that these fields are such as any progressive Illinois farmer would maintain. Methods of culture which have been followed are comparable to those practiced by leading grain growers of this state. Thus the yields reported are no larger than may well be expected from the respective sections of Illinois. The wheat yields are calculated on the basis of 60 pounds per bushel ; rye, 56 ; barley, 48 ; and emmer, 30. NORTHEEN ILLINOIS TESTS AT DEKALB, IN DEKALB COUNTY Wheat. Variety tests of wheat at the DeKalb experiment field were begun in 1907, and have been conducted in a rotation of corn, oats, wheat, and clover. 97 98 BULLETIN No. 201 [June, Since the varieties have not all been grown for the same number of years, the highest average yield of a variety does not always in- dicate the best variety, and in order to establish more definitely the relation of the different varieties with respect to yield, all are com- pared on the same basis, with Dawson's Golden Chaff as a standard. This at once gives a definite rating of the different varieties when compared with a standard variety. A summary of the varieties tested at DeKalb from 1907 to 1916 appears in Tables 1 and 2. In 1909 and 1912 the winter wheat was a failure as a result of winter-killing. TABLE 1. AVERAGE YIELDS OP VARIETIES OP WINTER WHEAT GROWN AT DEKALB, AND PERCENTAGE BATING USING DAWSON 's GOLDEN CHAFP AS A STANDARD (Bushels per acre) Variety 1907 1908 1910 1911 1913 1914 1915 1916 Per- cent- age rating Dawson 's Golden Chaff 17.6 40.8 27.0 29.1 34.7 35.5 38.3 23.7 100.0 Turkey Bed 24.3 374 33 9 36.7 39.2 41.6 34.9 120.4 Indiana Swamp Wheedling Kharkof 20.3 17.8 S95 39.3 38.1 27.7 25.4 26.0 25.6 33.2 30.1 32.6 29.7 31.3 34.0 33.5 33.2 95.4 91.1 108.7 Minnesota Reliable 357 314 33.6 39.6 40.1 1096 Malakoff 22.1 37.8 34.2 101.1 Turkey 9-233 35.8 40.8 34.9 114.4 Malakoff 5-458 34.3 41.5 34.4 113.0 Wheedling 5-464 38.0 35.9 31.6 108.2 Padi 18.6 262 76.7 Native Wheat.... Bed Hussar 27.6 29.5 34.2 32.5 ... ... 84.2 950 Hungarian World 's Champion ... ... ... ... 34.3 30.1 39.8 34.7 91.7 120.2 Bed Cross 38.8 34.7 118.5 Wisconsin 18 38.0 25.2 101.9 Gypsy . . 27.9 24.7 848 Mediterranean 25.0 25 2 81 Miracle 27.9 9.2 59.8 K. B. 2 21.8 Turkey Bed (native) 30.1 Pesterboden 31 1 Beloglina 29.4 Fultz 306 Gold Coin 32.5 Dawson's Golden Chaff 9-211. . 22.6 Salzer 's Hardy Northern 40.1 Bed Bussian 38.6 Canadian Hybrid 36.8 Turkey Hybrid 509 36.2 Early Bed Clawson 29.9 Budy 26.5 Prize Taker 23.3 Marvelous. . 153 1917] YIELDS OF WINTER GRAINS IN ILLINOIS 99 On an equal basis of comparison with respect to the years tested, Turkey Red has never been out-yielded at DeKalb, as may be seen by looking over Tables 1 and 2. The principal high-yielding varieties which have been grown for a minimum of three years are Turkey Red, Turkey 9-233, Malakoff 5-458, Minnesota Reliable, Kharkof, Wheedling 5-464, and Malakoff. Of the varieties tested for only two years, Red Cross and World's Champion have given good results. Salzer 's Hardy Northern, Red Russian, Canadian Hybrid, and Turkey Hybrid 509 have all yielded well for one year, but further tests may prove that they are not so valuable. Considering all the tests up to the present time, Turkey Red and Turkey '9-233 may be regarded as the best-yielding varieties for northern Illinois. Rye and Barley. Tests with winter rye and winter barley were begun in 1915. The barley all winter-killed, but the rye made large TABLE 2. COMPARABLE AVERAGE YIELDS OF VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT GROWN AT DEKALB USING DAWSON 's GOLDEN CHAFF AS A STANDARD (Bushels per acre) Variety Total No. of tests No. of years com- pared Years on which comparison is based Aver- age yield Dawson 's Golden Chaff . Turkey Bed 15 29 7 7 1907, 1910, 1911, 1913-1916 29.4 35.4 Dawson 's Golden Chaff . Indiana Swamp 11 14 6 6 1907, 1908, 1910, 1911, 1913, 1914 } > a 30.8 29.4 Wheedling 11 6 a 28.1 Dawson 's Golden Chaff . Kharkof 13 13 5 5 1907, 1913-1916 )> 30.0 32.6 Dawson 's Golden Chaff . Minnesota Reliable 12 12 5 5 1910, 1911, 1913, 1915, 1916 } > j > 32.9 36.1 Dawson 's Golden Chaff . Malakoff 5 7 3 3 1907, 1908, 1913 }) t > 31.0 31.4 Dawson 's Golden Chaff . Turkey 9-233 8 8 3 3 1914-1916 32.5 37.2 Malakoff 5-458 8 3 )> 36.7 Wheedling 5-464 8 3 35.2 Dawson 's Golden Chaff . Padi 3 3 2 2 1907, 1908 u 29.2 22.4 Dawson 's Golden Chaff . Native Wheat 4 4 2 2 1908, 1910 t> 33.9 28.6 Dawson 's Golden Chaff . Red Hussar 4 4 2 2 1913, 1914 } 35.1 33 3 Hungarian 4 2 ) 322 Dawson 's Golden Chaff . World 's Champion 6 6 2 2 1915, 1916 > j 31.0 373 Red Cross 6 2 > ) 368 Wisconsin 18 6 2 ) > 316 Gypsy. . 6 2 > ) 263 Mediterranean 6 2 ) ) 25.1 Miracle. . 6 2 y > 18.6 100 BULLETIN No. 201 [June, FIG. 1. TYPICAL HEADS OF TURKEY RED This type of wheat gave the highest average yield among the varieties tested at Urbana for three or more years 1917} YIELDS OP WINTER GRAINS IN ILLINOIS 101 yields. The average yields in bushels per acre of four tests of each variety were as follows: Petkus winter rye 55.5 Wisconsin Pedigree rye 47.0 Michigan winter barley 0.0 CENTRAL ILLINOIS TESTS AT URBANA, IN CHAMPAIGN COUNTY Wheat . The variety trials of wheat on the Urbana field were begun in 1904. The results reported have been obtained from a rotation of wheat, corn, oats, and clover. FIG. 2. DAWSON'S GOLDEN CHAFF A desirable smooth wheat for central Illinois 102 BULLETIN No. 201 [June, 3 H e o to eo I-H cq oo cq co to o 05 cq o> o * cq co to to 05 to * o cq co 05 oo oo cq o O O5 O CO O5 CO CO O O5 00 O5 O) l> b~ to CO O5 oo oo oo 05 05 CO CO W O5 t- t O5 O5 OO O> O5 rH O5 ^ ^^ to co 10 05 t-i rH co cq t^ * cq' o 05 co cq o i-H rH i-H O5 00 O t O 00 00 00 CO rH co' -*' to eo to 1-1 O5 r-l o c> to eq * * * co co * to CO oq' to' eo cq . * ; o 06 CO * Cq rH rH CO ! *co o I * <* oq co cq to oo CO 00 00 * 00 * co co co cq oq o cq I-H ' r-i on cq * ' - ' - * in l-l Ok r-t CO 00 rH to 00 oq o COrH ... .0 -* to -* *0 * * rH T* to . t-^ * "*<* -3 l>^ Ui * cq " " ' to * T-H O5 rH * t- o oq ^ O5* rji CD t~ CO eo co eo co ^ ^ eo cq ** rj< * I I CO >f5 CO * CO rH O rH O5 00 O O O eo i- O 00 CO : : : : o o o> to oo rj< to to to co c^ c * CO Tl : . . * 00 O O5 rH oo o cq I-H ^jf o <* t- oq . coot- . . o . . . "* T* -tf CO * CO CO * Tf! ' *-** t~ O O5 r-l o to oq oq to OS CO to CO O5 ^ Tj< ^< ^1 CO oq t^ o co o os' eo 05 eo to co * co ^ co t-^ "^ co co co co O O O rH CO Cq rH 00 05' co eo . . CO to O O5 rH OOt-rHOO CO O to t- 05 .... O O5 00 to O co cq cq oq co cq * to ' cq cq cq ^ B oq cq cq * O O5 rH cq 05 oo o cq 06 cq co I CO rH r-l rH : :! : i w ; * i-i cq' I ! ! I . . 05 oq I rH t- . . rH CO rH i-H rH K 4> 01 e 1? T: a pi > a ^ - * ^ E 1 c 1 tt X c f D c Dawson's Golden Chaff Beloglina Cs PC [i f- f a i n * I P "1 1 1 P. CO CO I 1 02 t3 ( > I 4 1 H a 1 C r- > 1 e c O5 O 10 'fi ,O ^> ,w I^H H Dawson's Golden Chaff 9-225 Turkey Hybrid 402 European Jr'OOle Minnesota Reliable Wisconsin 18 World 's Champion Red Wave Gypsy Mediterranean _ Marvelous Miracle 3 Rudy Kharkof ( "Fnlt.?:. . .3 S o o O *" 2^3 "o 01 OK 'C 1 a (- .- a gs 1917] YIELDS OF WINTER GRAINS IN ILLINOIS 103 TABLE 4. COMPARABLE AVERAGE YIELDS OP VARIETIES OP WINTER WHEAT GROWN AT TJRBANA USING TURKEY RED AS A STANDARD (Bushels per acre) Varieties Total num- ber of tests Num- ber of years com- pared Years on which comparison is based Aver- age yields Turkey Bed 63 12 1904-1911, 1913-1916 42.4 Hungarian 27 12 it a n a 39.7 Indiana Swamp 32 12 it a a 37.9 Turkey Red 55 11 1904-1909, 1911, 1913-1916 42.5 Dawson 's Golden Chaff 28 11 a it it a 39.5 Turkey Red 62 11 1905-1911, 1913-1916 43.4 Beloglina 25 11 a )> 40.4 K. B. 2 Red Hussar 26 25 11 11 11 11 it t> 38.1 37.8 Turkey Red 51 10 1904-1911, 1913, 1914 41.7 Wheedling 14 10 35.6 Turkey Red 58 10 1906-1911, 1913-1916 44.7 Pesterboden 24 10 it 11 it it 41.8 Turkey Red Malakoff 47 26 9 9 1904-1907, 1911, 1913-1916 42.4 42.0 Turkey Red Rudy 31 15 8 8 1904-1910, 1916 a a 41.0 31.5 Turkey Red 26 6 1906-1911 45.7 Kharkof (TJ. S. 11603) 8 6 it a 42.6 Turkey Red 32 5 1908-1911, 1913 43.9 Fultz 8 5 11 11 }> 42.1 Turkey Red 32 4 1910, 1911, 1913, 1914 43.4 Gold Coin 8 4 it it }) it 38.6 Turkey Red 24 3 1914-1916 44.0 Red Cross 14 3 11 it 42.9 Turkey Red 6 3 1906-1908 46.5 Padi 3 3 >t it 32.1 Turkey Red 5 2 1904, 1905 31.1 Satisfaction 2 2 it it 19.0 Jones Longberrv 2 2 tt tt 18.5 Turkey Red 12 2 1909, 1910 41.8 Economy 3 2 it tt 39.5 Turkey Red 16 2 1915, 1916 463 Turkey Hybrid 509 12 2 tt tt 53 2 Dawson 's Golden Chaff 9-225 . . Turkey Hybrid 402 12 12 2 2 11 it it 47.9 428 Turkey Red 1 1 1904 32.2 European 1 1 it 119 Poole 1 1 a 7.8 Turkey Red g 1 1916 43.0 Minnesota Reliable g 1 it 44 Wisconsin 18 8 1 tt 43 8 World 's Champion 8 1 ti 386 Red Wave 8 1 it 382 Gypsy . . 8 1 it 345 Mediterranean 8 1 it 28 8 Marvelous , 8 1 It 22 8 Miracle. . 8 1 tt 15.0 104 BULLETIN No. 201 [Jitne, The complete data are shown in Table 3, and a summary is given in Table 4. There are no data for 1912, as the wheat was winter-killed that year. All varieties are compared with Turkey Red, which has been in the trials from the beginning of these studies. This method of tabulation renders it possible to make a direct comparison of any given group of tests. Turkey Bed, Malakoff, Fultz, Hungarian, Pesterboden, Beloglina, Kharkof, and Dawson's Golden Chaff are the leading varieties of wheat for central Illinois. These varieties have been in the trials for five or more years. There are other promising strains which have been under investigation for a shorter period. Turkey Hybrid 509, developed by the division of plant breeding of the Illinois Experiment Station under the direction of Dr. L. H. Smith, is no- table among these. Attention is called to Dawson's Golden Chaff 9-225, which was also developed by Dr. Smith. Red Cross is another promising variety. SOUTHERN ILLINOIS TESTS AT FAIRFIELD, IN WAYNE COUNTY Wheat. Tests with winter wheat were begun on the Fairfield experiment field in southern Illinois in 1906. A summary of the results of the tests at Fairfield from 1906 to 1916 appears in Tables 5 and 6. There are no data for 1909, when the wheat was winter-killed. The low yields in 1906 are attributed to the low fertility of the soil, and those in 1915 to a severe hail storm which occurred on June 20. On a percentage basis, using Fulcaster as the standard for com- parison, the following in the order named, have given the highest yields for a minimum of three years: Fulcaster, Economy, Wheedling, Indiana Swamp, Harvest King, Missouri Pride, Rudy, and Poole. It should be noted, however, that if the extremely variable results of 1916 be discarded, then Economy, Wheedling, and Missouri Pride all rank above Fulcaster, while Harvest King takes nearly equal rank. It will be observed by looking over Table 5 that the hard wheats, such as Turkey Red, Kharkof, and some other varieties which yield the best in central and northern Illinois, do not yield as well as the softer varieties in southern Illinois. Not only are they lower in yield than the softer varieties, but their quality is very inferior. The kernels are nearly always shrivelled or chaffy, and the poor condition of the plants themselves makes it evident that the hard wheats are not adapted to southern Illinois. 1917] YIELDS OF WINTER GRAINS IN ILLINOIS 105 FIG. 3. HARVEST KING A leading variety for southern Illinois 106 BULLETIN No. 201 [June, TABLE 5. AVERAGE" YIELDS OF VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT GROWN AT FAIRFIELD, AND PERCENTAGE EATING USING FULCASTER AS A STANDARD (Bushels per acre) Variety 1906 1907 1908 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Per- cent- age rating Fulcaster 3.0 16.3 16.2 33.3 15.7 12.4 17.0 17.0 6.3 22.1 100.0 Wheedling 6.9 16.1 12.1 30.3 21.6 133 20,7 2.5 0,0 91.2 Harvest King Dawson's Golden Chaff Indiana Swamp . . . 3.5 3.4 2.2 16.8 13.2 14.5 13.8 17.0 33.9 22.4 25.8 17.7 11.0 17.1 13.0 14.1 14.8 18.4 16.5 15.4 16.0 15.7 14.4 3.2 6.2 89.9 86.6 90.9 35.1 IX tt 13.6 19.7 19.6 3.9 8.0 95.5 Missouri Pride .... 34.7 fln.fi 10.5 22.1 20.1 2.8 0.0 89.3 Eed Hussar Fultz Eudy 2.6 11.4 Ifi'fi 11.5 19.0 11.3 10.7 16.5 9.8 17.5 81.7 86.2 89.1 Poole 62 160 13 8 870 Malakoff Theiss (U.S. 12004) 2.2 1.2 8.5 66 13.0 6.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... 66.9 39 8 Hungarian Kharkof ... * 15.7 11.2 12.4 7.5 10.4 8.6 ::: ... 82.6 58.7 Jersey Fultz 18.6 4.2 9.5 71.5 K. B 2 4.6 10.2 76.3 Turkey Eed 1.5 11.0 649 11 5 10 6 755 Beloglina 84 85 57.8 Nifireer. . 18.0 5.5 100.0 5.4 20.2 90.1 3.9 11.2 '53.5 Mediterranean. . . . 5.9 0.0 21.1 Miracle 5.2 0.0 18.3 Miller 's Pride 7.2 Eed Wave 2.0 Harvest Queen 19.7 Early Eed Clawson . 12.5 Marvelous 11 8 Turkey Hybrid 509 11.2 Worley 's Smooth . 0.0 St. Louis Prize * Winner . . 1 3 Wheat. The earliest variety tests of wheat were started at Cutler, in Perry County, in 1902. In 1907, one year after the regular crop field was started at Fairfield, the Cutler trials were discontinued. The first report of the Cutler variety trials was published in Bulletin 121 of this station. The results are summarized in Tables 7 and 8. Rye, Barley, Emmer, and Oats. In the fall of 1915 tests were be- gun with rye, barley, emmer, and oats, all as winter crops. While these tests have been conducted for only one year, the results are of much interest. Winter rye withstood winter-killing better than 1917} YIELDS OP WINTER GRAINS IN ILLINOIS 107 TABLE 6. COMPARABLE AVERAGE YIELDS OF VARIETIES OP WINTER WHEAT GROWN AT FAIRFIELD USING FULCASTER AS A STANDARD (Bushels per acre) Variety Total No. of tests No. of years com- pared Years on which comparison is based Aver- age yield Fulcaster 76 10 1906-1916, except 1909 15.9 Wheedling Harvest King 40 40 10 10 >t a a 14.5 14.3 Fulcaster 52 8 1906-1914, except 1909 16.4 Dawson's Golden Chaff 28 8 it a a a 14.2 Ful caster 44 7 1906-1914, except 1908, 1909 16.4 Indiana Swamp 24 7 a a a a 14.9 Fulcaster 64 7 1910-1916 17.7 Economy 32 7 a tt 16.9 Missouri Pride 32 7 tt 15.8 Fulcaster 28 5 1906, 1907, 1912, 1913, 1914 13.1 Eed Hussar 16 5 10.7 Fulcaster 24 3 1908, 1912 1913 15 2 Fultz 12 3 it tt it 13 1 Fulcaster 20 3 1906, 1907, 1916 13 8 Eudy 12 3 it it it 12.3 Poole 12 3 >t it it 12.0 Fulcaster 12 3 1906, 1907, 1908 11.8 Malakoff 8 3 it it a 7.9 Theiss (U. S. 12004) 8 3 it tt tt 4.7 Fulcaster 24 3 1912, 1913, 1914 155 Hungarian 12 3 a tt a 12 8 Kharkof 10 3 >t a tt 9 1 Fulcaster 32 3 1914, 1915, 1916 15 1 Jersey Fultz 16 3 it a tt 10 8 Fulcaster 4 2 1906, 1907 97 K. B. 2 4 2 a tt 74 Turkey Eed 4 2 tt )t 63 Fulcaster 16 2 1912, 1913 147 Pesterboden 8 2 a a 11 1 Beloglina 8 2 it it 8 5 Fulcaster 16 2 1914, 1915 117 Nieeer. . 8 2 n tt 118 Fulcaster 24 2 1915, 1916 142 Gypsy. . 12 2 a it 12 8 Eed Cross 12 2 it tt 76 Mediterranean 12 2 a a 3 Miracle. . 12 2 tt ft 2.6 winter wheat, and yielded much more per acre. Winter oats did not survive the winter of 1915-1916. No indication of winter-killing was observed with the winter barley. Winter emmer produced, during this one-year test, 52 bushels per acre. Since emmer is valuable as a feeding crop, it would seem that there may be a place for it in southern Illinois. In a number of feed- ing tests emmer has been found nearly, if not quite, equal to barley and oats for sheep and cattle, 108 BULLETIN No. 201 [June, TABLE 7. AVERAGE YIELDS OF VARIETIES OP WINTER WHEAT GROWN AT CUTLER, AND PERCENTAGE EATING USING FULCASTER AS A STANDARD (Bushels per acre) Variety 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 Per- centage rating Fulcaster (home-grown) 16.4 9.0 15.0 12.8 21.9 23.7 100.0 Harvest King (home-grown) 16.3 14.8 15.6 11.5 20.6 17.7 97.7 Red Fultz (home-grown) 15.3 7.7 15.3 12.6 21.9 18.3 92.2 Eclipse (home-grown) 16.8 5.4 13.7 10.7 22.9 20.2 90.8 Harvest King (Indiana) 10.9 10.5 13.8 11.6 22.5 18.5 88.9 Hybrid Beechwood 119 9.0 12.8 11.0 22.7 18.3 86.7 European 11 6 6.4 13.3 11.0 19.2 20.4 82.9 Harvest King (Michigan) Poole Jones Longberry (home-grown) .... 14.3 12.1 16.0 5.5 5.2 4.3 12.7 13.6 10.3 80.4 76.5 75.7 Dawson's Golden Chaff (Michigan) . . . Fultz (Tennessee) Fultzo-Mediterranean Indiana Swamp Jones Longberry (Indiana) 11.4 10.2 12.5 11.0 60 6.3 4.0 1.7 3.2 3.5 11.2 11.8 11.4 11.3 8.8 ... ... ... 71.5 64.3 63.4 63.1 45.3 Beardless Eural New Yorker 9 3 18 2 18 779 K B 2 8.7 15 6 16.8 70.4 Turkev Eed. . 11 4 QO 13.8 68.8 TABLE 8. COMPARABLE AVERAGE YIELDS OP VARIETIES OP WINTER WHEAT GROWN AT CUTLER USING FULCASTER AS A STANDARD (Bushels per acre) Variety Number of years compared Years on which comparison is based Average yield Fulcaster (home-grown) 6 1902-1907 16.5 Harvest King (home-grown) 6 16.1 Eed Fultz (home grown) 6 } > 15.2 Eclipse (home-grown) 6 14.9 Harvest King (Indiana) 6 14.6 Hybrid Beechwood 6 14.3 European 6 y t 13.6 Fulcaster (home-grown) 3 1902-1J 4 13.5 Harvest King (Michigan) 3 10.8 Poole 3 10.3 Jones Longberrv (homf-grown") 3 )) 10.2 Dawson's Golden Chaff (Michigan) . . Fultz (Tennessee) 3 3 it 9.6 8.7 Fultzo-Meditcrranean 3 8.5 Indiana Swamp 3 y > 8.5 Jones Longberry (Indiana) 3 6.3 Fulcaster (home-grown) 3 1905-1907 19.5 Beardless Eural New Yorker 3 ! J 15 2 K. B. 2 3 } } 13.7 Fulcaster (home-grown) 3 1904-1906 16.6 Turkev Eed . . 3 > j 11.4 The yields of these winter grains in 1916 were as follows : Wisconsin Pedigree rye 43.4 Wing's Black rye 46.8 Salzer's winter barley 22.7 Michigan winter barley 17.5 Winter emmer 52.0 1 Winter oats . . .0.0 on 30 pounds to the bushel (see U. S. Farmers' Bulletin 466, page 12). 1917] YIELDS OP WINTER GRAINS IN ILLINOIS 109 1 a M P a CO OQ "K rH tn GO" GO" d =i CD O O 00 rH rH rH O O co be be g CO GO 00 CO -rH I C 00 2 JJ -H -P 4J 2 j =*H H =4-1 ^ O O O O ^02 02 02 02 a-t-> ^ H W CD O O CC02CC o o o CD OQO2GOW GC q rd ,-tf ^ WWW L_J |_j 02C/2CC R ffl W H 3 !-j O) CD O) o o o o a a a a W 0202GQCQ rrt ** *" ^00 a o o a a a a 2 03 2 CO CO g CD CD rcjrcj CD CD rdT-J rH rH CO CO CD CD CQW rcJra CD CD rO ro rH rH CO CO CD CD MM CD CD g CD 02 PQ W 02 W Hill 0) CO 0> a a a a a CD CD a a a d % a a a , d y Be omy aster z C & fl 2 m Earl Econ Fulc Fultz Gold , 3 &?3 g CO CO CD .rl 110 BULLETIN No. 201 -5* 3 -M ^'rS 03 d^ * JH . a s o CD 020QW 02 o i o , o 00 W 02 W 02 e8 e -g GQ W W W 02 ''' O B 9 O -2H 00^ O "hi CD CD -+J _* CDrdrd 4-1 -4-> r i -+J -t^ 00^00 O O 2 O O a aj a a 02 GQCQ 02O2 a a 2 o> CD a W g a a CD CD CD fl a a a O - - a a 2 a ~5.22>< CD CO CD M _ 3 65 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA