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THE SAINT LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY 
 
 •COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE 
 
 Almon Gunnison, D. D., President; Henry Priest, Ph. D., Dean 
 and Hay ward Professor of Phyrics and Chemistry; Henri Hermann 
 LiOTARD, A. M., Emeritus Professor of French and German; George 
 Robert Hardie, M. A., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature; 
 Robert Dale Ford, M. S,, Recorder, and Professor of Mathematics; 
 Frederic CoFFYN Foster, M. A., Secretary, and Professor of History 
 and Political Economy; Charles Kelsey Gaines, Ph. D., Professor of 
 Greek and English; Frank Smith Mills, A. B., Professor of Geology 
 and Mineralogy on the Chapin foundation; Mary L. Freeman, M. A., 
 Professor of the German and French Languages; Edwin Lee Hulett, 
 M. A., Professor of Chemistry; C. E. Barter, Laboratory Assistant in 
 Chemistry; Evelyn Wells, 13. A., Assistant in English. 
 
 Admission to the Course Leading to the Degree of Bachelor of 
 
 Arts. 
 
 I. The Primary Entrance Requirements: 
 
 English, Physiology, American History, History of Greece and 
 Rome, Plane Geometry, Algebra. 
 
 II. The Advanced Entrance Requirements. Each candidate must of- 
 
 fer one of the following three groups: 
 
 Group A. — Latm: Caesar, Cicero, Vergil. Greek; Anabasis, Iliad. 
 Group B. — Latin: As in Group A, French; Equivalent to Greek. 
 GroupB. — Latin: AsinGroupA. German: Equivalent to Greek. 
 
 Admission to the Course Leading to the Degree of Bachelor of 
 
 Science. 
 
 I. The Primary Entrance Requirements as above. 
 
 II. The Advanced Entrance Requirements. Each candidate must offer 
 
 either Group A, B or C, and nine of the subjects in Group D. 
 Group A. — Latin: Beginning Latin, Caesar. 
 Group B. — German, two years. 
 Group C. — French, two years. 
 
 Group D. — Physical Geography, Botany, Zoology, Geology, Chem- 
 istry, Part I; Chemistry, Part II; Physics, Part I; 
 Physics, Part II; General History, Advanced U. S. 
 History, Civics. A third year of Latin, French or 
 German may be substituted for any two of the sub- 
 jects in this group. 
 
 Candidates for admission must have pursued a four years' high 
 school course or a full equivalent. Students desiring to do special work 
 must show proficiency in the departments which they eleet. 
 
 Regular examinations for admission will be held at the University on 
 Monday and Tuesday of the first week of the fall term of the college year. 
 
 Tuition, $50.00 per year. Numerous free scholarships. 
 
 For a more detailed statement see catalogue, which can be obtained 
 by addressing 
 
 Professor F. C, FOSTER, Secretary, 
 
 Canton, N. Y. 
 
THE LIBRARY OF 1,.^ 
 
 MAY 1 9 1923 
 UNIVEkSi/v Of |LL1NC:3 
 
THE LAURENTIAN 
 
 Vol. XIX Canton, N. Y., July, 1906 No. 7 
 
 Published Monthly during College Year by the Laurentian Publishing Co. 
 
 Subscription, One Dollar per Year; Single Numbers, Fifteen Cents 
 Entered at the Postoffice at Canton as Second-Class Matter 
 
 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL 
 
 The semi-centennial anniversary of the founding of St. 
 Lawrence University! To some who were present — alumni 
 with gray heads but youthful hearts, themselves near the 
 celebration of their semi-centennial — this scarcely seemed 
 possible. They remember so well the little college of the 
 past, with its faculty of six or seven teachers, and classes 
 about as large, when both departments rattled like dried 
 peas in the shell of a single building which also served as 
 a dormitory. They can only think of the college as young, 
 struggling, almost starving on a barren hill in a region 
 none too friendly in those days — the college, perhaps, of 
 the seventies, when true college spirit was just beginning 
 and college work was done without college equipment. 
 And they find the building they knew almost hidden behind 
 the grove which was then a thicket of bare poles, and new 
 buildings to left and right, the newest of all stretching 
 far beyond the trees, and more to come. They find, too, a 
 chapel larger than that in which they sat uncrowded, yet 
 quite too small for the noisy throng of to-day. That they 
 find more loyalty than they knew no one will say; loyalty 
 such as theirs, in and out of the college, has made St. Law- 
 rence what it is. 
 
 Indeed, we are wrong in reckoning St. Lawrence among 
 the younger colleges now. Of course the real pioneers of 
 education in America — some of them older than the nation — 
 
148 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 form a class by themselves; beside these all the rest seem 
 creations of yesterday. Yet when all the colleges of our 
 country are grouped in the order of dates in two equal 
 classes, the old and the new, St. Lawrence is found among 
 the older colleges, and well up on the list — so swift is the 
 flow of time and so rapid the growth of the higher educa- 
 tion in recent years. In America it is not a youthful col- 
 lege that celebrates its fiftieth anniversary. 
 
 The date was early, the exercises beginning on the tenth 
 of June. Owing to this many who earnestly wished to 
 attend, teachers especially, were held elsewhere by con- 
 flicting duties. On Saturday, however, the trains began 
 to unload familiar faces — some of them a little startled at 
 the cheering which greeted them at the station. Ultimately 
 an exceptionally large number of the alumni of all periods 
 were gathered in Canton, and many other guests were 
 present, though fewer than had been expected. They were 
 met by a committee, requested to register in the President's 
 office in Richardson Hall, and entertainment was provided 
 if desired. The weather proved ideal, continuing cool and 
 brilliant to the end. St. Lawrence was seen at her best, 
 and the celebration was in every way worthy of the occa- 
 sion. 
 
 On Sunday morning, in the Universalist Church, the 
 Rev. Dr. A. B. Hervey — the earliest living graduate of the 
 Theological School, a trustee, a former president of the 
 College and always its devoted friend — delivered an address 
 which was one of the most notable and characteristic fea- 
 tures of the anniversary. His subject, covering the whole 
 life of the University and full of difficulty, was treated with 
 rare skill and deep insight. Comprehensive, admirably 
 proportioned, discriminating, appreciative of all who had 
 helped to build the school, with clever characterizations 
 and a touch of humor, at once instructive and entertaining, 
 the address gave great satisfaction and received much 
 praise. Because of its permanent value, and in accord- 
 ance with the wish of all who heard it, we print this almost 
 in full. Dr. Hervcy's address, which follows, was entitled. 
 
The Laurenttan 
 
 149 
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY FOR FIFTY YEARS 
 
 I know not that I need to make any apology for appearing before 
 you on this occasion to make the historical address, I am in no sense 
 responsible for the choice of the speaker. In justice to President 
 Gunnison it should be said that the whole blame lies at his door. 
 What good excuse he has to offer I could never imagine. The only 
 one I ever heard him give was that I am the earliest living graduate 
 of the University. 
 
 But that is a mere accident, arising from the fact that my name 
 came alphabetically second on the list of the graduates in the first 
 class in the Theological Department — and, alas! also to the fact 
 that the one whose name stood first has passed through the gate 
 into the great Mystery. 
 
 This may be an excuse, but it never seemed to me to be-a reason. 
 I will say frankly that the one only reason why I assented to his 
 request was a rule that I have made, never to refuse any call which 
 my Alma Mater should make upon me for any service which I 
 could render. I have often been doubtful of my ability to make 
 that service acceptable, and never more so than in this instance. 
 
 Let it be understood however, that a historical address is not a 
 history. It can expect only to present a few snap-shots of the in- 
 stitution and of the men who have made it, taken at those periods 
 in its history which would appear to be most important, briefly to 
 trace by them the working of those forces and influences which 
 have shaped its career, and to indicate thereby the salient features 
 of its work and character. 
 
 But the limitations of such an essay are extremely narrow. There 
 are a great many things which my pen cannot write, and among them 
 the whole story of an institution like this; for into the making of it 
 have gone the lives of many men and women, their toils, their 
 hopes, their prayers, their sacrifices, their love and devotion, day 
 after day, year after year. The record of all this may be kept in 
 Heaven. It can never be written on earth. 
 
 The seed out of which this institution grew was undoubtedly the 
 desire on the part of the Universalist body in the state of New York 
 for a better educated ministry. The immediate primary purpose 
 of its progenitors was to establish a theological seminary, closely 
 modeled on those of other Protestant denominations. The Univer- 
 sity, which should include a College of Letters and Science, was an 
 afterthought. It was a happy afterthought indeed, but it was 
 that. 
 
 Not in the least to ignore or belittle the generous help which has 
 been given to the University by members of other sects in Northern 
 New York and elsewhere, it may fairly be claimed that the work of 
 education and civilization which the University has done in all this 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 region should be set down primarily to the credit of that little body 
 of believers which in those days bore a very opprobrious name, — 
 who were then never granted the least recognition as fellow Chris- 
 tians by the general religious public. 
 
 More than ten years before the chartering of St. Lawrence, Rev. 
 Dr. Thomas J. Sawyer, one of the ablest preachers of the Univer- 
 salist faith in that day, gave up his pastorate in New York City and 
 came up to Clinton to take charge of the institution located in that 
 village. There he began, in addition to his other duties in con- 
 ducting the school, the systematic training of young men for the 
 ministry. This work went on for some seven years, during which 
 time no less than twenty-nine young men were prepared for and 
 entered the Universalist ministry. Nearly all of these became use- 
 ful preachers and ministers, and some of them attained to eminence 
 in the work. Among them was Richard Eddy, our learned his- 
 torian, who was pastor of the church in Canton at the time the 
 Theological Department was opened, and by whom I was received 
 into its fellowship — a membership which I believe I still maintain. 
 .Other names are those of Charles A. Skinner, recehtly deceased at 
 the venerable age of eighty-two, whose grandson, a Laurentian, is 
 the associate pastor of Dr. Chapin's old church; D. C. Tomlinson, 
 whose son is the honored pastor of President Gunnison's Worcester 
 church; Charles H. Leonard, the venerable Dean of Tufts' Divinity 
 School; and the late Bernard Peters, who after serving All Souls 
 church in Brooklyn for many years became the founder of the 
 Brooklyn Daily Times. 
 
 During all these years the question of the founding of an institu- 
 tion for the better education of the ministry was being agitated 
 both in New York and New England. It resulted in 1854 in the 
 opening of Tufts College, but without a theological department. 
 The first definite steps which finally resulted in the establishment 
 of St. Lawrence were taken at the meeting of the State Convention in 
 Canton in 1851. The next year an educational society was formed 
 at the meeting of the convention in Hudson, and an appeal was 
 made for funds for the founding of a theological seminary. Jacob 
 Harsen responded to this appeal by offering $5,000, on condition 
 that $25,000 should be raised from other sources. He afterwards 
 modified his offer to give $1,000 for every other five thousand that 
 might be raised. "This offer," says Mr. Ellsworth, in his sketch of 
 the early history of the University, "really made St. Lawrence 
 possible." By November, 1854, it appears that $26,000 had been 
 pledged, and this being deemed sufficient a committee was ap- 
 pointed to locate the seminary. 
 
 I need not go into details as to that. Suffice it to say that such 
 good work and enthusiasm had been put into the project in Canton, 
 led by Martin Thatcher, Rev. John T. Goodrich, and others, that 
 
The Lauf enitari 
 
 when the committee met and had visited all the places offered— no 
 less than twelve in all, not counting Buffalo, where our venerated 
 friend Augustus C. Moore once told me he hoped to have the school 
 brought— it was decided that Canton had made the best offer and 
 should have the school. 
 
 I was once told that when Dr. Chapin learned of the decision of 
 the committee he remarked in his disgust, "I wonder why they 
 didn't take it to the North Pole while they were about it." Still, 
 it is to be noted that he was so far reconciled to its location that he 
 consented to come to Canton and lend his splendid eloquence to the 
 occasion of the laying of the corner stone in June, 1856. While it 
 may be admitted, perhaps, that the top of the North Pole is just 
 visible from the Hill, it has been found easier to reach Canton than 
 the Pole from New York. To-day New York would hardly be ask- 
 ing, "What good thing can come out of this Northern Nazareth?" 
 One could hardly imagine what New York would do without Lau- 
 rentians to make and administer her laws and educate her children. 
 
 With the locating of the Theological Seminar^' in Canton it was 
 but natural that the idea of a literar^^ college, to be connected with 
 it, should be suggested. Mr. R. C. Ellsworth thinks we owe the 
 first inception of that idea to Mr. L. B. Storrs, whose name is in- 
 dissolubly connected with the early history of the institution. At 
 all events the suggestion bore immediate fruit, and the charter of 
 the University was at once applied for, and granted by the legis- 
 lature on the third of April, 1856. 
 
 A few days later an incident occurred in Canton which it ma}- be 
 worth while to mention in this connection. It would seem that a cer- 
 tain reverend gentleman of the name of Hale was not ver>' particu- 
 larly pleased with the project of establishing a Universalist college in 
 his native town. He was much wrought up about it, and in the Pres- 
 byterian church on a Sunday afternoon assailed the whole scheme 
 in vociferous not to say vulgar language, after which he was so ill- 
 advised that he put the discourse into cold print. I have read it. 
 Among other bad features of it, he advised his hearers, some of 
 whom much to his disgust had subscribed money for the college, 
 to repudiate their agreement and not pay the same. I am glad to 
 say that their personal honor was of more account to them than his 
 sectarian zeal, and they paid. 
 
 Now take notice of another fact of a different sort, viz. that 
 thirty-three years later, when I was installed as President of the 
 college, the ceremony took place in the Presbyterian church— it 
 being much larger than our own of that day— at the invitation of 
 the society worshiping there. This goes to show how much 
 sectarian zeal had softened in a third of a century. It is but fair to 
 say that during the last twenty-five years the college has had the 
 liberal support of the people of this region of all sects. It has be- 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 come known that, while it is in the care of our own church, the 
 administration of the college is absolutely without sectarian bias. 
 
 I wish to add, in this connection, that that noble song '''^ Fides et 
 Veritas'^ was composed by Mr. Nelson Robinson for the occasion 
 of which I have just spoken. 
 
 In 1857 the legislature granted the new institution twenty-five 
 thousand dollars, ten of which should be expended in books and 
 apparatus and the remainder kept as a permanent endowment. 
 
 The trustees named in the charter include some of those already 
 mentioned and many others, among them Hon. John L. Russell, 
 United States Senator Preston King, Rev. Dr. Balch, and F. C. 
 Havemeyer, the founder of the great sugar refining industry in 
 New York. The last named lived down into my time and gave me, 
 as I remember, the money to buy the equipment of miscroscopes 
 now in use in the college. 
 
 The old college building, henceforth to be known as Richardson 
 Hall in honor of the present-time munificient friend of the Univer- 
 sity, was finished in April, 1857. But it was not opened for work 
 till a year later, April 15, 1858, when Rev. Dr. Ebenezer Fisher, a 
 native of Maine and more recently a resident pastor in South 
 Dedham, Mass., was installed as Principal, both he and Dr. Balch 
 making addresses. 
 
 The school opened with four students, all from the state of New 
 York and one from St. Lawrence county. I think I should here 
 record the names of these, the first to enter, as learners, the doors 
 of the University. They were James M. Pullman, Mahlon R. 
 Leonard, Andrew J. Canfield, and B. L. Bennett. Only two, the 
 first two named, remained in the school to graduate with the class. 
 At the beginning, or soon after the opening of the fall term, other 
 students came, so that the class numbered at one time no less than 
 fourteen. It was at this point that the personal relations of your 
 speaker with the University began, viz. on October 12, 1858; and 
 they have continued more or less intimately down to the present hour. 
 He hopes and trusts that they may remain unbroken to the end. 
 
 Just here I must ask your kindly indulgence to any personal 
 allusions which you may find in the farther conduct of this address. 
 If you think they are too many you may console yourself with the 
 reflection that they might have been more. Murmur not at the 
 afflictions you suflfer, but rather rejoice at those you are mercifully 
 spared. Believe me, I have practised the utmost parsimony in 
 respect to them consistent with a clear tracing of the story. 
 
 The class came from various places in New York, Pennsylvania, 
 and New Hampshire, and from various occupations. I can see 
 them all now as plainly as I can see you, as they assembled in 
 Professor Fisher's room for their three hours' session in the morn- 
 ing. There was our great Master as he sat in his accustomed place, 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 153 
 
 with his placid, kindly, patient smile, venerable with age at forty- 
 five to a youth not yet out of his teens, his great dome of a head 
 surmounting his massive frame. And there were the "boys" 
 ranged about, some of them, at least, so immature and green that 
 they would have made a tough proposition for any martyr's fire. 
 May I undertake to give you a "snapshot" of a few of them. 
 
 There was Pullman, easily the most brilliant man among us, and 
 one of the ablest men ever graduated from the Universtiy, hand- 
 some as an Apollo, with his quick wit and ringing laughter, all so 
 spontaneous and contagious. There was Pattee, with his thin refined 
 face and dark eyes, eager for learning, impatient of delay in the 
 work of the class, and an ardent student of Cousin and Hamilton 
 and other metaphysical masters. There was Smiley, with the dis- 
 tinction of being able to read and even speak German, himself a 
 German from Pennsylvania. There was White, a wood-turner from 
 Lowell, really very devout, and always well dressed and well 
 groomed. There was another who took great pride in bearing a 
 name dear to all Universalists, a man singularly gifted in prayer. 
 Then there was another from Lowell, who looked to be more pious 
 than any man ever was, and who was never content till he could 
 make Paul and the other Apostles to be thorough-going ritualists. 
 He naturally afterwards drifted away into the Episcopal church. 
 There was another who had been repeatedly told by congregations 
 in country' school-houses that he was a very eloquent preacher. He 
 even admitted the same himself. So I suppose he was. 
 
 I cannot stop to tell you of the many things I can recall of that 
 first fall in the Theological School, and in the following years: of 
 our debates, of our political squabbles— for some of us were Abol- 
 itionists, and those were strenuous times just before the Civil War. 
 Even then the war clouds were gathering in the southern sky, and 
 the first class graduated in that week of hush and terror between 
 the firing on Fort Sumter and the first bloodshed in Baltimore. 
 
 The names of that first class m the order of their graduation are 
 as follows: Daniel Ballou, your speaker Alpheus B. Hervey, Mahlon 
 R. Leonard, William M. Pattee, and James M. Pullman. Pattee 
 died within a year. Ballou lived till 1902, and Pullman till 1903. 
 
 The scene from the Hill, always beautiful, was in 1858 much the 
 same as now, only that the woods were nearer in the direction of 
 Little River. I remember that Donati'scomet was still flaming low 
 in the northwestern sky when I came here — perhaps the grandest 
 spectacle nature ever presented in the heavens in the nineteenth 
 centur>'. Another bit of personal experience which I recall was the 
 work on the Campus, instigated by a gift of money from Horace 
 Greeley, to be worked out by the students in two-hour daily turns. 
 As it was too late in the season to plant com and potatoes, we were 
 set to planting the big boulder rocks which the Ice Age had care- 
 
154 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 lessly left scattered about on the hill. Many of them were as 
 big as a hogshead, and weighed several tons. Our method of 
 planting them was to dig a big hole in the ground several feet deep 
 close beside each, and then by the help of levers roll the rocks in 
 and cover them up. So far as I know they are there yet. 
 
 The students maintained themselves largely by supplying vacant 
 pulpits in Northern New York during term time, and elsewhere 
 about the country during the long summer vacations. I think it 
 only fair to say that the principal worth of the preaching lay in its 
 obvious good intention, and the people, in lieu of anything better, 
 were kindly willing to pay for that. 
 
 I hope you will pardon a brief mention of two men whom I knew 
 intimately in those days. One was Leffert Buck, who was then 
 taking his preparatory work with Dr. J. S. Lee, and at the same 
 time employing most of his time during the day at the bench or 
 lathe in the machine shop. As a young man he was quiet, unpre- 
 tentious, almost shy, but painstaking and thorough to a degree 
 rarely found in any man young or old, never satisfied with any 
 undertaking till he had mastered it to the last detail and made it 
 wholly his own. Those qualities which have characterized his dis- 
 tinguished career as a soldier and engineer were all plainly seen in 
 his youth. The other was William L. Gilman, who was my room- 
 mate for, I think, a year. He had been a sailor before the mast. 
 He was an Abolitionist, and had served with John Brown and Jim 
 Lane in Kansas. He was a singularly pure and noble character, 
 conscientious and devoted to his ideals of duty far beyond nearly 
 all the men I have ever known. He was an enthusiast of the stuff 
 of which martyrs are made. Graduating with the second class, in 
 '62, it was only natural that he should leave his pulpit a few 
 months later to offer his services to his country in the great Civil 
 War. He died as he had lived, a true Christian hero, on the field 
 of Gettysburg. The University has done itself honor in recording 
 his name and his virtues on a marble tablet in the Library. 
 
 I first saw General Merritt in the Hall on the Hill. I do not 
 remember the occasion. I recall only his commanding personality, 
 and the fact that we youngsters looked upon him as already distin- 
 guished. A member of the State Legislature at that date was a 
 man of mark. From that time to this the University has found in 
 him a devoted and efficient friend. His biography is inwoven with 
 almost the entire history of the college. Other men in Canton, 
 besides those already mentioned, whom we looked upon as found- 
 ation pillars of the University were Barzillai Hodskin, Theodore 
 Caldwell, Hiram J. Cook, Martin Thatcher, and Rev. S. W. Rem- 
 ington, whose grandson has made himself a great name in art. 
 
 Though Dr. Lee came came to Canton in 1859 and opened a pre- 
 paratory school, it was not till 1861 that the College of Letters and 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 155 
 
 Science was fully organized and students began to take the regular 
 courses leading to a degree. The first class, graduated in 1865, 
 consisted of two members, Delos McCurdy, of New York, and 
 Hiram H. Ryel, of Lowville. The Faculty consisted of Dr. Lee 
 and Professor Clapp. Dr. Lee continued his connection with the 
 college only two years after graduating his first class, then spent a 
 year abroad, and on his return was called to the chair of Church 
 History in the Department of Theolog}^ a position he continued to 
 hold to the end of his long and useful life. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Richmond Fisk was called to the presidency of the Col- 
 lege of Letters and Science in 1868 and served three years. During 
 his administration a Law School was established in the University, 
 which however was discontinued in 1872. 
 
 In my time as a student, the library, which was almost exclusively 
 theological, consisted of the collections of "Father" Loveland, of 
 Vermont, and Professor Credner, of Giessen, Germany— books valu- 
 able to a finished scholar but of little use to the less than half- 
 developed youngsters who were turned loose to browse among them. 
 
 Up to 1870 the library was housed in the room now used as the 
 President's office in the old college building. In that year the pres- 
 ent library building was erected, partly at the expense of S. C. Her- 
 ring, of Herring safe fame, and named after him. 
 
 In 1871 Dr. Conkey became president of the board of trustees and 
 served for twelve years in that capacity, rendering valuable services 
 to the University. He was the agent who secured the endowment 
 of the Hayward professorship, making a journey all the way to 
 California for that purpose. 
 
 In 1865 Dr. Cone came into the faculty of the Theological Depart- 
 ment. Here he did most admirable work for fifteeen years. He 
 ultimately achieved the distinction of being the greatest scholar 
 our church has produced, and as a writer on themes of Biblical 
 learning won a fame which justly extended to every land where 
 Biblical learning is esteemed. His Life of St. Paul is easily the first 
 of its kind in our language, if not in any, for thoroughness of 
 critical study, and for unbiased, absolutely scientific as well as 
 sympathetic treatment of the subject. For simplicity and clearness 
 of literary style it leaves nothing to be desired. After serving Buch- 
 tel College as President for sixteen years with distinguished ability, 
 and spending some years at home and abroad in special study, he 
 was called to the Richardson professorship in St. Lawrence in 
 1900, and here, a year ago, closed his most honorable career. 
 
 In 1872 John Stocker Miller, a graduate of the class of '69, now a 
 lawyer of eminent ability, was made Professor of Greek and Latin. 
 He is well remembered by the graduates of that day as an excellent 
 teacher and a man of sterling character, but resigned in 1874 in 
 order to enter upon the practice of his chosen profession. 
 
156 
 
 The Laurenttan 
 
 In 1872 Dr. Absalom Graves Gaines became President of the Col- 
 lege of Letters and Science, and from that date, I think it fair to 
 say, the best work of the literary department of the University had 
 its inception. He continued to administer this high office until his' 
 abounding vitality was exhausted by the strain of his arduous 
 duties, and ill health compelled his retirement sixteen years later. 
 
 On the twenty-first of February, 1879, that great and good man. Dr. 
 Fisher, suddenly and without warning departed this life, as chance 
 would have it in his own lecture room in the college. He had 
 administered his great office, with a devotion and success rarely 
 equalled, for nearly nineteen years. The loss to the School and to 
 the Church was beyond repair. 
 
 Carlyle has said that history "is but the essence of innumerable 
 biographies. ' ' Some one else has said that history is only ' ' biography 
 writ large," which amounts to about the same thing. History is 
 the story of man, biography, of men. That is all the difference. 
 Institutions take their character from the men who build them. 
 They simply build themselves into their creations. It may be 
 "without the sound of axe, hammer, or other metal tool." It may 
 be quite unconscious, but it is done. Their lives are the stone and 
 mortar out of which these structures are made. Or, to change the 
 figure, if you could photograph such a intangible a thing as an 
 institution, like our College of Letters or our Theological School, 
 you would find on developing the plate that you had produced what 
 is known as a composite photograph, in which are commingled 
 lineaments of all the characters and lives of the men and women 
 who have wrought themselves into it. Each has contributed some- 
 thing. It may be indistinguishable in the general portrait, but it is 
 there. 
 
 Now to these two men, Dr. Fisher and Dr. Gaines, more than to 
 any others, perhaps it is fair to say more than to all others, we owe 
 the character of St. Lawrence University in its two departments, its 
 spirit, its quality of work, its distinctive individuality among the 
 educational institutions of the land, the kind of training which it 
 gives, and the stamp which it puts upon its graduates. 
 
 Dr. Fisher, in mind and character, intellectually and spiritually, 
 was a very great man. It was often said of him in his life time, 
 "What a statesman he would have made, what a legislator or judge, 
 if he had turned his great faculties to the study of law instead of 
 divinity!" He had a mind of crystal clearness and a logical faculty 
 that never missed its aim. He was absolutely sane. He was in 
 character simple as a child, tender as a woman, spiritually as devout 
 as a prophet. It should have been said of him as of the Patriarch 
 of old, "He walketh with God." He was absolutely without pre- 
 tense. He never seemed to know that there was any other way to 
 live and act but by the law of love and righteousness. He was 
 
The Laurenttan 
 
 157 
 
 singularly tolerant of the opinions of others, and in his teaching 
 never dreamed of combating them with his superior authority. 
 His appeal was always to reason and justice. When the crude 
 notions of his pupils could not be removed by these means he 
 patiently waited for the time when they would outgrow them. He 
 had exhaustless patience and charity for the mistakes and faults of 
 men, especially of young men. He must have had a vision of 
 unseen things not given to most men to have discerned promise of 
 great worth in some of us who came before him. He was extremely 
 hopeful of even the poorest among us. To him nothing but abso- 
 lute reality, in religion and in life, had merit. The specious show 
 of affected piety, the tricks and mummeries of ritualism, had no 
 attraction for his sincere mind. With all there was a racy sense of 
 humor which served greatly to lubricate the wheels of a laborious 
 and care-burdened life. All this and much more that cannot be 
 put into the form of words was embodied in a personality of great 
 but simple dignity. It is easy to see that so great, so devout, so 
 strong, so kindly, so transparently sincere a soul would make a 
 profound impression upon the young men who for three years 
 came under his daily instruction. It was so. For nineteen years 
 he infused that sort of character into the institution which he cre- 
 ated, a character which it has never lost. 
 
 Dr. Gaines was a man cast in something of the same mould, dif- 
 fering of course in many personal characteristics. But he had the 
 same absolute sincerity of mind, the same logical clearness of 
 thought, the same rugged strength and simplicity of character, the 
 same unswervable loyalty to truth and duty, the same distaste for 
 all sorts of sham and pretence — a great and noble spirit, generous, 
 magnanimous, wholly devoted to the right doing of the work to 
 which God had called him. He never seemed to think of himself, 
 but only of others and the service he might render them— a man 
 wise in counsel, a born teacher and leader of the young. Fortunate 
 the young man who could come under his moulding touch in 
 intellectual and moral things. I have no doubt that his scholarship 
 had a wider range than that of his great coadjutor, and he entered 
 upon no field of knowledge he did not master. My own relations 
 to him were not those of pupil to teacher, as in the other case, but 
 as co-worker with him in the administration of the college, being 
 his successor. He continued his work in the class-room during all 
 my term of service, and indeed to the day of his death. I can 
 truly say that no man could give a heartier welcome to a successor, 
 or work with him more loyally or with a more faithful and cordial 
 co-operation than did he with me. But I am not left to my own 
 observation and experience for a knowledge of what he was to the 
 college in the thirty years which he devoted to its service. It is the 
 unanimous voice of the classes which came under his instruction, 
 
158 
 
 7he Laurentian 
 
 and the graduates who went forth from the college during his time, 
 that he was one of the great educators of his day; that to him must 
 be given chief credit for making that department of the University 
 the friend of true learning, the promoter of noble manhood and 
 womanhood, which it is. 
 
 Soon after the death of Dr. Fisher, Dr. Almon Gunnison, then 
 pastor of All Soul's church in Brooklyn and a trustee of the 
 University, came to me and insisted that I should undertake to 
 raise money enough among the graduates and other friends of the 
 Theological School to build a hall for that department in memory 
 of its late lamented head. I don't suppose that any of you know as 
 well as I what a genius this man has for getting his friends into 
 trouble. I have learned to more than suspect him. I have learned 
 to know him, and when he makes a demand of that sort, there is 
 really but one thing to do, and that is to go about and do what he 
 wants you to do. Of course I went out and did what I could, and 
 if my memory serves me rightly, succeeded in getting together 
 during the summer subscriptions to the amount of about half the 
 cost of the building. It was dedicated as Fisher Hall in 1883. 
 
 During all these years since the founding of the University, the 
 Theological Department — the funds of which were by the charter 
 to be kept separate from those of the college — by reason of its 
 peculiar appeal to the interest and loyalty of the Universalist public, 
 found its endowment steadily growing by gifts and bequests of 
 various amounts. Not so with the college. It had no public be- 
 hind it save the at that time more or less indifferent general public 
 in Northern New York. It was found to be almost impossible to 
 interest strangers at a distance in the work and welfare of the 
 literary department of the University, Its graduates were poor 
 men who had not been long enough away from college to have 
 "made their pile", and there were almost no others to appeal to. 
 The consequence was that there was an annual deficit in its ac- 
 counts which the trustees partly made up by going down into their 
 pockets, and partly by allowing the institution to run more and 
 more deeply in debt. So things went on from bad to worse till, in 
 1835, the situation became critical. It was seen that something 
 decisive must be done and done at once, or the College 
 of Letters and Science must close its doors. The report of the 
 Treasurer in the fall of 1886 showed that the productive endow- 
 ment of the college was barely $50,000, while that of the Theological 
 School was $112,000. 
 
 I need not undertake to detail in this address how the crisis was 
 met by all connected with the University, faculty and undergradu- 
 ates together. The memory of it is a part of the heroic traditions 
 of St. Lawrence. That mass meeting at which a small body of 
 students, all of whom were poor and most of whom were working 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 159 
 
 their way through college, unexpectedly came forward and pledged 
 themselves to contribute over a thousand dollars ($1300 to be exact) 
 toward the fifty thousand needed to save the institution, will 
 never be forgotten by any who took part in it. The inspiration of 
 it gave us the "Scarlet and Brown", one of the few undying col- 
 lege songs of the century— a song first sung on that day, but which 
 Laurentians will sing when the lapse of time shall have blotted out 
 the stor>' of its birth to all save the antiquarian. This enthusiasm 
 was contagious, and before the end of 18S7 it was reported that the 
 fifty thousand dollars were nearly all pledged, one fourth by the 
 alumni and more than half by citizens of St. Lawrence county. 
 
 In the course of the canvass it had been found that certain gen- 
 erous givers would double their contributions if the new endow- 
 ment could be increased to a full one hundred thousand. In the 
 summer of 1888 Dr. Gunnison came to me with the proffer, backed 
 by such urgency as he alone knows how to make, of the Presidency 
 of the College — a place, I am bound to say, I never so much as 
 dreamed I was capable of filling. To this day I no not know by 
 what means he was able to overcome my disinclination to so heavy 
 a task; for it was at the same time made known to me that, for the 
 college really to live and go on, at least a hundred thousand dol- 
 lars must be had — and it was still twenty-six thousand short. If I 
 undertook it I must "make good" that amount before September 
 of the next year. 
 
 I have never ceased to wonder at the audacity of my friend nor at 
 my own presumption in consenting to try so perilous a venture. 
 But as good luck would have it I was able to report at the com- 
 mencement in June that the whole amount was pledged, and the 
 college finally saved and put on a living basis. The crisis was 
 passed. But the credit certainly is due far less to me than to the 
 generosity of the friends of the college who rallied to its support in 
 the day of its need. 
 
 You will, I hope, pardon me a few words concerning the things 
 that were done during the six years of my administration of the 
 college. The endowment, either paid in or pledged, was increased 
 by something over eighty thousand dollars. The constituency of 
 the college was considerably widened, and the number of students 
 increased from about sixty to at one time very nearly one hundred 
 and fifty. They were also drawn from a much wider territory. 
 The catalogue of 1888 showed that all of the students were resi- 
 dents of the State of New York, and all but less than half a dozen 
 of St. Lawrence County. During my incumbency the catalogue 
 would show that at one time there were students from no less than 
 eleven different States of the Union. For the first time in its history 
 the college was made to pay its expenses from its income, which I 
 believe it has done ever since, with possibly the exception of a year 
 
i6o 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 or two. A system of electives in the studies was introduced and 
 soon enlarged. The discipline of the college was, after much 
 patient effort, put upon the basis of rationality and what may be 
 called "moral suasion," and came at last to be almost ideally per- 
 fect. Not only were all disorders and "hazing" eliminated, but 
 apparently all desire for that sort of barbarism was banished from 
 the minds of the students. It could not be done in a month or a 
 year, but it was done. 
 
 For three of the six years I lived a peripetetic — I almost said 
 predatory — life, being on the road much the greater part of the time 
 searching for money and students. During the other three years, in 
 addition to much travel, I heard recitations and conducted examin- 
 ations in the class-room. By no forced construction of language 
 that I am acquainted with could it be said, I believe, that I actually 
 taught. I occupied what is called in the catalogue a "chair," but 
 what, from the number and variety of the subjects I had to deal 
 with, might more properly be called a "settee." But however lit- 
 tle I taught the students, I can bear testimony to the fact that they 
 taught me a great many things. In fact, I found out that those 
 persons connected with the college who learn most are the Faculty. 
 They have to know their lessons whether the students do or not. 
 And not the least interesting and instructive subjects which they 
 study are the students and their ways. To be "wise" in that is to 
 have a liberal education. It must be remembered that I had to 
 acquire a new profession in learning to run the college, but I had 
 the faithful help of the Faculty. I needed often and much the 
 advice of more experienced men, and the wise counsel especially of 
 Professor Priest, the Dean of the Faculty, and of Professor Gaines, 
 never failed me. I shall never cease to be grateful for it. 
 
 I must be allowed to mention the name of another man to whom 
 the college in those trying days owed much — George Robinson, who 
 served as trustee twenty-seven years and as treasurer seventeen. 
 He had no enthusiasm for my administration; but I much doubt if 
 the college ever had a more zealous servant or a more devoted 
 friend. 
 
 Dr. Isaac Morgan Atwood was called to succeed Dr. Fisher, and 
 the work of the Theological Department went on under his able 
 management for twenty years much on the lines originally laid 
 down, and always, I believe, in the spirit of intellectual freedom 
 and the supreme reverence for truth in thought and genuineness in 
 character which has ever distinguished St. Lawrence. 
 
 On the departure of Dr. Cone to Buchtel in 1880, Dr. Henry Pren- 
 tiss Forbes was called to fill the vacancy. Subsequently the curri- 
 culum was somewhat enlarged so as to include sociological studies, 
 and Dr. Lewis F'isher, a nephew of Dr. Ebenezer Fisher, was 
 appointed to teach these subjects in 1891; he remained in the school 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 i6i 
 
 till called away to take the presidency of Lombard in 1905. St. 
 Lawrence seems to be a sort of nursery for college presidents. 
 
 During two years after ray retirement the college was without a 
 president. In 1895 Dr. John Clarence Lee, of the class of '76, was 
 elected President and remained at the head of the college for three 
 years. During his administration the Gymnasium was built, and 
 the scope of electives much extended. 
 
 At the end of that time, viz. in 1899, both Dr. Lee and Dr. Atwood 
 resigned, and the trustees, deciding, very wisely I think, to unite 
 the two presidencies in one person, called Dr. Gunnison to the pres- 
 idency of the University. Of Dr. Gunnison's admirable and most 
 successful work it is needless for me to speak at length. It is so 
 recent and it is so obvious to the eyes of all that it speaks for itself. 
 The endowment of the Richardson Professorship, the completion of 
 the fund for the Woman's Professorship, the absorption by the col- 
 lege of the defunct Clinton Liberal Institute, the establishment of a 
 considerable number of new free scholarships, the building of the 
 Cole Reading Room and the Carnegie Hall of Science, the reno- 
 vation of the old college building, the purchase and fitting up of the 
 Athletic Field, the establishment of a flourishing Law School in 
 Brooklyn under the aegis of St. Lawrence, and, latest of all, the 
 founding by the legislature of a Department of Agriculture in the 
 University, with the large increase in the number of students, make 
 a record of seven years' work of which any man may well be proud, 
 and for which the friends of the University can never be too grateful. 
 
 Let me mention in closing some of the names of those men and 
 women whose gifts of money have made the University possible. 
 Among the early benefactors of the Theological School were Charles 
 A. Ropes of Salem, Mass., George A. Dockstader of New York, 
 Augustus C. Moore of Buffalo, and John Craig of Rochester. 
 Later were Sarah A. Gage of Hudson, Dr. William H. Ryder of Chi- 
 cago, and Mrs. Mary A. Richardson, of Worcester, Mass. 
 
 Among those who at an early date contributed large sums to the 
 endowment of the college are Alvinza Hayward of California, and 
 Columbus R. Cummings of Chicago. But more than to any one 
 else the college owes a debt of gratitude to Mrs. J. H. Chapin, the 
 widow of Dr. Chapin, our honored and lamented fellow teacher, 
 and to her mother, Mrs. Harriet Lewis, of Meriden, Conn. The 
 former endowed the Professorship of Mineralogy and Geology in 
 memory of her husband, who for many years conducted the studies 
 in these sciences in the college as a labor of love. She thus per- 
 petuates in the University the name of one held in the highest 
 esteem, both for his learning and his ever faithful friendship to the 
 college. Mrs. Lewis contributed much the greater part of the funds 
 for the endowment of the Woman's Professorship of Modern Lan- 
 guages, a chair which rightly bears her revered name. 
 
Ihe Laurentian 
 
 Besides those already mentioned as contributing to the buildings 
 and funds of the University, I wish to speak with honor and grati- 
 tude of Mr. E. M. Cole, of Brooklyn, the giver of the Reading 
 Room, and Mr. Andrew Carnegie, the founder of our splendid new 
 Science Hall. Nor must I forget an early graduate of the Theo- 
 logical School, J. W. Hinds, whose generous gifts have enabled us 
 to construct and adorn the beautiful chapel in the Fisher Memorial 
 Hall. 
 
 Around the University clusters a little group of Greek-letter 
 societies, including a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, with their several 
 houses, one of which adorns a site on the campus. I regret to say 
 that the older of the women's societies, the Kappa Kappa Gamma, 
 has been the victim of a conspiracy of unreason and malice, on the 
 part of the governing body, which I venture to affirm is quite 
 unique in the history of college fraternities in this country, and as a 
 consequence has ceased to exist as such. I should like to char- 
 acterize the action of that body in fitting terms, but both my pro- 
 fession and the presence of ladies in this assembly forbid. 
 
 I must not fail to mention in passing the fact that since the 
 beginning of 1888 the undergraduates have maintained a very cred- 
 itable monthly publication— The Laurentian— which illustrates 
 something of both the literary spirit and the business ability of the 
 student body. I believe the athletics of the University have never 
 attained an eminence which have made them the supreme interest 
 of the college life here. Perhaps the presence of a large propor- 
 tion of women in the college has spared us that affliction. 
 
 There is a saying of Jesus, "By their fruits ye shall know them." 
 St. Lawrence is quite willing that her first fifty years of life should 
 be tested by that maxim. Her work has always been honest and 
 thorough, and the products of her instruction and discipline in the 
 cultivated and efficient men and women who have gone forth from 
 her halls right well testify to this thoroughness and honesty. In all 
 the departments of life where trained minds and high character 
 are in demand Laurentians are found in the front rank. Let a 
 Laurentian get his feet down anywhere and he will proceed at 
 once to develop locomotion. He will forge to the front, whether it 
 be in Boston, New York, Chicago, or the Islands of the Sea. 
 
 He is found too in the higher walks of creative literature. Two 
 of my own boys have already made a name for themselves, Silas 
 Lottridge in the popularization of natural science, and "Ed" Lent in 
 addingto "the "gayety of nations' ' by "Being Done Good. " If Mark 
 Twain has a legitimate successor on the globe to-day he is "Ed" 
 Lent, a man with a genius which can extort inextinguishable laugh- 
 ter from the tortures and twinges of rheumatic pain. Nobody has 
 done that before, and no one but a Laurentian could. The genius 
 of St. Lawrence seems to run largely to humor. There is Heaton 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 163 
 
 with his "Quiltin' Bee," and there is Gunnison with his "Rambles"; 
 nobody but a humorist of genius could make a disembodied pair of 
 trousers travel all over California, themselves more than half con- 
 scious of their ridiculous plight, and exciting mirth all along the 
 way. 
 
 And who but Irving Bacheller could transform our prosy North 
 Country, as with the touch of an enchanter's wand, into a land of 
 poetry and romance? We shall have to name him as they did Sir 
 Walter after the advent of Waverley, "The Wizard of the North." 
 Or who, let me ask, in English fiction, has ever made the life and 
 spirit of the Greece of Pericles live again in our modern days as they 
 do in "Gorgo" ? If Theramenes himself had possessed the genius of 
 Plutarch he couldn't have made the story of his life more vital, or 
 more truly Greek, than Professor Gaines has made it. 
 
 These, brethren, are the achievements which crown our Alma 
 Mater! What word can we say that shall tell the gladness of our 
 hearts on this day of jubilee.? How can we speak our undying 
 gratitude for what she has given us? When we think how enriched 
 our lives have been in things of the spirit, in our knowledge of 
 literature, of science, of history, of the plastic and pictorial arts, of 
 philosophy, and then reflect that it was she who opened to us the 
 gate to all this, who first taught us to see and understand and then 
 led us forth into this wondrous world of imperishable things, it is 
 no wonder that our hearts overflow and that there are thoughts in 
 us too deep for words. Think what she has stood for of sound 
 learning and noble living in this North Country for half a hundred 
 years; of the cheer and hope she has brought to the hearts of young 
 men and women here, who longed for an education but to whom 
 the great universities of the land were forever beyond reach! 
 
 As another has said speaking of the ideals which had dominated 
 the life of one of the great universities, "She has clearly taught 
 that good methods must bow to fine results; that learning is the 
 handmaid of wisdom; that character is the jewel, and culture but 
 the setting; that the supreme aim of all education, formal or in- 
 formal, is to make men who can see clearly, imagine vividly, think 
 soundly, and will nobly for their country's service." I believe it is 
 not too much to say that St. Lawrence in all her history has kept 
 this faith. 
 
 Lowell writes, "Material success is good, but only as the neces- 
 sary preliminary of better things. The measure of a nation's true 
 success is the amount it has contributed to the thought, the moral 
 energy, the intellectual happiness, the spiritual hope and conso- 
 lation of mankind." Is it not so with a college? It is not great 
 wealth nor great numbers; it is the product it turns out in its grad- 
 uates, the genuine love for learning which it cultivates, the high 
 ideals of life which it creates in the minds of the young. 
 
164 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 Lowell continues, "The garners of Sicily are empty now, but the 
 bees from all climes still fetch honey from the tiny garden-plot of 
 Theocritus. On a map of the world you may cover Judea with 
 your thumb, Athens with a finger tip, and neither of them figure in 
 the prices current; but they still lord it in the thought and action of 
 every civilized man. Did not Dante cover with his hood all that 
 was Italy six hundred years ago? And if you go back a century 
 where was Germany outside of Weimar?" 
 
 So of our dear old mother. Here in this obscure corner of the 
 world, behind the great woods of the North Country, she has kept 
 the fires of the intellectual life burning. Here she has set up a 
 kindly light whose pleasant beams have spread far about, to be a 
 cheer to those who sit in darkness, to be a guide to those who are 
 seeking out the better way. So we look up to her to-day with glad 
 and grateful hearts, and hail her with all good wishes and all high 
 hopes for her thrice beneficent and thrice glorious future. 
 
 BACCALAUREATE SERMON 
 At two o'clock in the afternoon the Baccalaureate Ser- 
 mon was preached in the Town Hall by the Rev. Dr. L M. 
 Atv^ood, former president of the Theological School. This 
 too was a model after its kind — full-freighted with thought, 
 very timely, delivered with earnestness and power. Tak- 
 ing for his text Matt. VL 23, "If therefore the light that 
 is in thee be darkness, how great is that darkness!" Dr, 
 At wood said: 
 
 The highest use and value of a human being depends on his 
 being true. We may take our choice among several words that 
 are used to describe what we mean. We may say of a man that he 
 is genuine, sincere, honest, true, fair, or square. Or we may adopt 
 the expressive phrase, coined among the people of our own time, 
 and say he is "the real thing." Whichever we fix upon we shall 
 mean that quality in a person which makes him ring true; and 
 we shall all agree that it is the most valuable human trait. It is 
 not the same thing as frankness, which is .the correspondence of the 
 outside with the inside of a person. One may be frankly mean, or 
 frankly narrow, or frankly selfish, or frankly brutal, or frankly a 
 fool. There is no great worth in that. But the thing we are think- 
 ing of here connotes moral value, durable virtue. There are cer- 
 tain colors, odors, essences, which are standards, by which we reg- 
 ulate all others. If we should fall into confusion as to what is 
 green, or blue, or white; as to what is sweet or sour; as to stone or 
 wood or iron, we should be undone. Imagine a world where salt is 
 not salt! Or where salt has lost its savor! 
 
7ne Laurentian 
 
 x65 
 
 Now the quality we most relish in our fellows is their honesty. 
 This is fundamental, regulative, indispensable. I think I prefer on 
 the whole the term "true. ' ' We want our men and our women to be 
 true. This is the light that is in them; and if it be darkness, how 
 great is that darkness! 
 
 It must be conceded that the members of our large family betray 
 a predilection, we might say a talent, for equivocation. The temp- 
 tation to evade unpleasant contacts, to disguise selfish feelings, to 
 put a fairer face on events than they will warrant, and to round out 
 and liven up the fiat, dull monotone of daily history, is so great 
 that it usually comes to pass that "one man in his time acts many 
 parts;" and the time may not be long either. To such causes and 
 to the pressure of real or imagined self-interest must be attributed 
 the fact that so many never attain to utter sincerity, and so many 
 that have attained fall away and become dissemblers again. 
 
 When I had not been long a citizen of this town, a well-known 
 character took me to ride to prove a horse he wished to sell me. 
 "There," said he, "Doctor, is an animal a man would like to own. 
 She is gentle as a kitten, keeps easy, afraid of nothing, will take 
 you eight or ten miles an hour over these roads, and I offer her at a 
 bargain. ' ' That seemed a straight story, supported by appearances. 
 If I had believed in the man as much as I did in the horse, I should 
 have closed that trade. 
 
 It has often been noticed and commented upon that it is much 
 easier to frame a noble ideal of life than to pursue it without waver- 
 ing. Young men and women come forth from their first baptism 
 of lofty thinking and high enthusiasm, such as may have been kin- 
 dled in the Christian home, or church, or college, and start on the 
 road of business or professional life; and as we watch them during 
 the first decade, we note how they surrender one after another their 
 pristine principles and come down to the level of the men and 
 women with whom they mingle or complete, or on whose support 
 they depend. It is a pathetic fact. How few men cling, like Carl 
 Schurz, to their early ideals! Behold one young man disillusioned. 
 The nonsense has been knocked out of him, his comrades now say. 
 He has come out of the skies. He treads on the solid common 
 earth. He indulges no dreams. His stomach is full, perhaps his 
 purse is full. For he may agree with that official of the Pennsyl- 
 vania railroad who said, after confessing to receiving some stock 
 that he did not pay for, "Well, if there was money passing around 
 I was there to take it." The light that was in him has become 
 darkness. 
 
 We hear it said that this is the corrosion of a commercialized 
 and materialistic age. But I have not been able to hear of any age 
 when the same thing did not happen. I think there is more cor- 
 ruption and graft and moral insensibility than in any previous age — 
 
7ne Laurenttan 
 
 more in volume. But there are more people, there is more busi- 
 ness, there are more temptations. On the other hand I believe, after 
 much study and reflection on the question, that there are more men 
 and women of unbending principle and unfaltering pursuit of noble 
 ideals than ever in the world's history. But they are relatively so 
 few and their voices so drowned in the multitudinous clamor that 
 one is likely to exclaim, "What are these among so many!" 
 
 Nor is it strange that those who are in the midst of the madden- 
 ing maze of things should think the whole world is going that way. 
 It is more to be wondered at that intelligent observers, trained to 
 discriminate, should reach the same conclusion. Algernon Cecil, 
 descendant of the famous Lord Burleigh, himself an author and 
 statesman of mark, has just written in the Monthly Review that the 
 only political idealism England has known in two centuries is pass- 
 ing and the last of it will disappear in twenty years. No doubt he 
 thinks so. He betrays appreciation, and some admiration for it, 
 but thinks it unsuited to a growing empire and a practical age. So 
 the Liberalism of Cobden and Bright and Mill and Gladstone, the 
 Liberalism of which John Morley is the brilliant and noble living 
 representative, is a setting sun— its light becoming darkness! 
 
 It would be disheartening indeed to feel that all the brave hopes 
 of mankind are destined to go down in final night. The warning 
 would be a useless mockery if it were so. But we must distinguish 
 between the loss of this or that battle, and the loss of the war. No 
 one ever suffers the eclipse of his light who does not himself connive 
 and consent. Many do that and sink in the fatal morass, — so much 
 deeper and darker because they once dwelt, like Lucifer, in the light. 
 But the word of God liveth and abideth forever; to stand with Him 
 is to walk in ever-growing and everlasting light. I do not for a 
 moment assent to the idea that the Philistines are to have their 
 heads, and wreck every human experiment. Many bright hopes, 
 will no doubt go out in solemn darkness. But the source of light 
 remains. Truth, Freedom, Knowledge, Righteousness, are suns 
 that never set. 
 
 CHAPEL EXERCISES 
 Under President Gunnison's administration the exercises 
 conducted in the college chapel on Monday morning have 
 become one of the most distinctive and popular features of 
 the commencement season. The present year was no ex- 
 ception in this respect. The mode of procedure is this: 
 After the usual service the discerning eye of the presiding 
 officer searches the faces of the alumni present, and when 
 it rests on some familiar face the voice of the autocrat calls 
 the honored but reluctant victim to the front with appro- 
 
Thf Laurentian 
 
 167 
 
 priate but more or less embarrassing comments. Each 
 speaker is greeted with a storm of applause, and after he 
 has aired his sentiments and exhausted his vocabulary is 
 allowed to subside under cover of a college song. The 
 series closes with a sort of roof-raising of class and college 
 yells as the assembly breaks up. These informal exercises 
 bring the students nearer to the alumni than anything else 
 except the fraternity banquets, and the speeches, often 
 excellent in every way, are distinguished by genuineness of 
 tone and appeal to the audience very strongly. 
 
 The noisy hilarity of the subsequent proceedings is never 
 allowed to invade the opening service. The prayer, offered 
 by Rev. I. M. Atwood, was deeply impressive. The col- 
 lege song, the Scarlet and Brown, was sung with great 
 gusto, students and graduates joining; so also were sung 
 Fides et Veritas and other familiar strains. The first to be 
 called to the platform was the Rev. George E. Cooley, '97, 
 of Grand Rapids, Mich., a graduate both of the College 
 and the Theological School, who faced the situation with his 
 old-time courage and cleverness. The President then called 
 up, in the order given, Frank j. Arnold, '97, of Erasmus 
 Hall, Editor George B. Helmle, '85, of Nyack, the Hon. 
 Ogden Fethers, of Janesville, Wis., Rev. J. D. Corby, '86, 
 of Buffalo, and Rev. E. B. Saunders, '00, of Fitchburgh, 
 Mass. Mr. Fethers, though not a St. Lawrence graduate, 
 is a lifelong friend of the college, and his speech, at once 
 entertaining and strong with feeling, was the most notable 
 event of the morning. This was directly followed by the 
 ALUMNI ASSOCIATION MEETING 
 
 The attendance at the annual meeting of the Union 
 Alumni Association was unusually large, although many of 
 the members found other attractions and failed to appear. 
 
 After the usual reports Professor G. R. Hardie, as 
 Necrologist, announced that the Necrology for the year 
 has proved unusually long, and this has caused some delay, 
 but that copies will be mailed to the alumni during the 
 summer. 
 
 A committee, consisting of Mr. R. C. Ellsworth, N. L. 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 Robinson, W. J. Litchfield, Dr. A. B. Hervey, and Rev. 
 J. D. Corby, was appointed to compile and publish a his- 
 tory of St. Lawrence University and of the Clinton Liberal 
 Institute, and to solicit subscriptions for that purpose; the 
 committee were further instructed to co-operate with the 
 Laurentian Publishing Company with a view to making 
 the July number of The Laurentian a souvenir edition, 
 covering the semi-centennial anniversary in an adequate 
 manner. Mr. Litchfield reported that he had already col- 
 lected a sum of money to help defray the extra expense 
 of the publication of such a souvenir issue. 
 
 The Secretary was instructed to send a message of en- 
 couragement and good cheer to Foster L. Backus, who 
 was unable to be present because of ill health. 
 
 It was also voted that a letter of condolence be sent in 
 the name of the association to Hon. Vasco P. Abbott, on 
 the death of his son Worth, of the class of 'oo, which 
 occurred the week previous to commencement. 
 
 The following officers were elected for the coming year: 
 President, Frank J. Arnold, '96; Vice-Presidents, Louis H. 
 Pink, '04, Professor George E. Huntley, '94, and Miss Amy 
 Lyon, '99; Secretary and Treasurer, Williston Manley; 
 Executive Committee, Professor J. Murray Atwood, '89, 
 Professor C. K. Gaines, '76, and Mrs. B. Mahoney-Cun- 
 ningham, '93; Necrologist, Professor G. R. Hardie, '90. 
 TRUSTEE MEETING 
 
 The Trustees of the University met as usual in the 
 President's office at two o'clock in the afternoon. Scarcely 
 a member was absent — a marked contrast with the days in 
 which it was difficult to secure even a quorum. After the 
 reading of the President's report and the report of the 
 Treasurer (both printed in full on a subsequent page) and 
 the transaction of the usual routine business, including the 
 conferring of the degrees, honorary and other, recommend- 
 ed by the Faculty, there ensued a prolonged and thorough 
 discussion of some of the topics suggested in the reports. 
 The state of the University in general was found very 
 satisfactory and full of encouragement for the future. Little 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 169 
 
 immediate action was deemed necessary. The salary of 
 Professor Mills was increased to i^iyoo, as recommended 
 by the President, making it the same as that received by 
 Professors Gaines, Hardie, Ford, and Foster. The week 
 being crowded with events a second meeting was not 
 arranged for, and the Trustees adjourned for the year. 
 
 PHI BETA KAPPA MEETING 
 At five o'clock the local chapter of Phi Beta Kappa held 
 its annual business meeting in Fisher Hall. The report of 
 the Secretary and Treasurer was read and accepted. On 
 recommendation of the Faculty the following members of 
 the graduating class were admitted to membership: Anne 
 Gertrude Sneller, Fanny Louise Atwater, Linn Rudolph 
 Blanchard, Etta Evelyn Eraser, Jean Elizabeth Glassford, 
 Clarence Everett Barter. The newly admitted members 
 were then introduced and the usual initiation ceremony 
 performed. 
 
 The following officers were elected for the coming year: 
 President, Principal W. B. Gunnison, '75; Vice-President, 
 Professor C. K. Gaines, '76; Secretary and Treasurer, Pro- 
 fessor R. D. Ford, '85; Executive Committee, W. B. Gun- 
 nison, C. K. Gaines, R. D. Ford, Dr. Lucia E. Heaton, '79, 
 George S. Conkey, '83, L. P. Hale, '76, and Professor 
 Henry Priest. 
 
 The Secretary further announced that Hon. E. S. K. 
 Merrell, '87, of Carthage, had been duly elected to mem- 
 bership. 
 
 ALUMNI vs. UNDERGRADUATES 
 As many of the star athletes of former days are commonly 
 present at commencement, an attempt on the part of the 
 alumni to prove the superiority of the past to the present 
 by means of a game of baseball with the college team is 
 usual on Monday afternoon. This year the demonstration 
 was successful, though only by a narrow margin, the score 
 standing six to five in favor of the graduates. 
 
 THE PRESIDENT'S RECEPTION 
 The President's Reception on Monday evening was a 
 large and brilliant gathering, combining in an unusual 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 degree the pomp and ceremony of a formal and important 
 affair with the utmost cordiality and freedom. The house 
 was beautifully decorated with Mountain Laurel, sent from 
 the President's former home, Worcester, Mass. The ladies 
 were in gala attire, distinguished and dignified judges and 
 doctors were much in evidence, but friend greeted friend 
 with the old familiar name and with all the old heartiness, 
 and titles and dignity were alike ignored. 
 
 The President and Miss Gunnison received their guests, 
 assisted by Mrs. Mary A. Richardson and Mrs. Bullock, 
 both of Worcester, Mass. Mrs. Professor Mills and Mrs. 
 Professor Ford presided at the refreshment table. 
 
 After the reception the usual Greek-letter fraternity ban- 
 quets were held in the various chapter houses. These 
 reunions, always a highly enjoyable feature of commence- 
 ment to those who participate, were especially so this year 
 from the large number of graduate members in attendance. 
 BETA THETA PI 
 
 The annual banquet of Beta Zeta of Beta Theta Pi was 
 characterized by the presence of an unusually large number 
 of alumni. Over thirty representatives of earlier classes 
 renewed their acquaintance with the active chapter at the 
 festal board, though many others had been obliged by con- 
 flicting duties to leave before the banquet. George B. 
 Helmle, '85, as toast-master, inspired the speakers with his 
 own wit and jollity, and the responses, which were all 
 impromptu, rang with loyalty to Beta Zeta and the Alma 
 Mater. The only note of sadness was that occasioned by 
 the recent death of W. P. Abbott, *oo, so lately a zealous 
 member of the active chapter and loved by all who knew 
 him. Stanley E. Gunnison, '99, spoke with deep feeling 
 on this theme, and appropriate action was taken. The 
 gathering broke up at three o'clock, and was followed by 
 the usual serenades. The menus were printed in scarlet 
 and brown, with a cut of the chapter house on the outside 
 cover, and formed attractive souvenirs of the occasion. 
 The names ot the alumni present will be found in the list 
 of commencement guests. 
 
Ihe Laufenttan 
 
 171 
 
 ALPHA TAU OMEGA 
 
 On the same evening Alpha Omicron of Alplia Tau 
 Omega held its annual banquet. About fifty of the active 
 chapter and alumni were present, and the banquet proved 
 one of the most successful in the history of the chapter. 
 Alpha and St. Lawrence spirit abounded throughout 
 the whole evening, and college and fraternity songs were 
 sung with great enthusiasm. 
 
 Harry M. Conkey, '90, very ably acted as toast-master, 
 and interesting toasts were given by G. H. Partridge, '96, 
 F. H. Emerson, '02, C. H. Alexander, '04, and E. O. 
 Hurlbut, jr., '06. Almost every alumnus present was 
 called upon for an impromptu speech. The affairs of fra- 
 ternity and college life were thoroughly talked over, and 
 reminiscences freely cited. Irving Bacheller, '82, was to 
 have acted as toast-master, but was unable to attend be- 
 cause of illness. 
 
 During the evening the young ladies of the different 
 societies serenaded, and after the banquet the active 
 chapter and a few of the more enthusiastic graduates gave 
 the usual serenades to the Faculty and friends of the fra- 
 ternity. 
 
 PHI SIGMA KAPPA 
 The annual alumni banquet of the Xi chapter of Phi 
 Sigma Kappa was held in the chapter house parlors. The 
 characteristic spirit of St. Lawrence and of the three T's ran 
 high, and the toasts were expressive of enthusiastic loyalty 
 both to the university and to the fraternity. Rev. E. B. 
 Saunders, '04, made an ideal toast-master, introducing each 
 speaker in a graceful and entertaining manner. All the 
 toasts were excellent, but that of Mr. Black, '06, beginning 
 humorously but ending in the sadness of regretful farewell, 
 was probably most deeply appreciated. Throughout the 
 evening college and fraternity songs were interspersed 
 among the toasts. The toast-list was as follows: 
 
 Toast-master Edward B. Saunders, '04 
 
 Welcome J. Leland Ames, '06 
 
 The Alumni Roy E. Briggs, '05 
 
 The Mystic T's Herbert H. Dewey, '04 
 
172 
 
 7he Laurentian 
 
 In the Field 
 
 Fraternity Problems, 
 Farewell 
 
 Luther Moses, 'OS 
 
 William E. Sims, '07 
 Loomis O. Black, '06 
 
 Under the head of informals, all the alumni and some of 
 the active chapter were called on for impromptu toasts. 
 
 The first annual banquet of Chi Zeta Sigma was held in 
 the chapter house parlors, and the rooms were tastefully- 
 decorated with flowers and pennants, the fraternity colors, 
 purple and white, being everywhere in evidence. H. B. 
 Bailey, '05, was the only alumnus present, and contributed 
 much to the spirit of the occasion. C. L. East, '07, acted 
 as toast-master, and introduced the following toasts: 
 
 "Looking Backward" H. L. Bailey, '05 
 
 "Reflections" E. B. Scott, '06 
 
 "Pistis kai Philia" C. Clark, '08 
 
 "Fraternity Spirit" F. D. Sturtevant, '09 
 
 "Chi Zeta Sigma" S. C. Sumner, '06 
 
 During the evening Omega Gamma Sigma and Delta 
 Delta Delta serenaded the banqueters. 
 
 The Alpha Chapter of Eta Pi Alpha held its second com- 
 mencement banquet at the Hodskin House. A number of 
 alumni were present to enjoy the repast with the active 
 members. An interesting feature was the telling by the 
 alumni of experiences during their college course. These 
 proved both interesting and amusing. Professor G. E. 
 Huntley, the toast-master, admirably performed his part 
 and introduced the following toasts: 
 
 The Faculty Rev. Dr. H. P. Forbes 
 
 My World Rev. G. E. Allison 
 
 Sleep C. A. Moulton 
 
 Little Rivers F. H. Cooke 
 
 Our Fraternity Rev. G. E. Cooley 
 
 The Zeta Phi banquet, held at the chapter lodge, was 
 one of the largest and most delightful in the history of the 
 society. There were nearly sixty guests seated in the long 
 parlors, many of whom were graduates who had not been 
 back for years. From Maine to Wisconsin, from the bor- 
 
 CHI ZETA SIGMA 
 
 ETA PI ALPHA 
 
 ZETA PHI 
 
The Laurenitan 
 
 173 
 
 ders of Canada to Mexico, they gathered once more under 
 the Aegis to "Pledge their faith anew." 
 
 During the banquet, which was most satisfactorily served 
 by Ella Miles, the undergraduates took the usual liberties 
 with the dignified alumnae, and these in their turn showed 
 that they had not entirely lost their ancient skill for 
 impromptu and impertinent rhyming. Whether the courses 
 were served fast or served slowly no one knew or cared in the 
 general hilarity. Mrs. Mary Atwood-Manley acted as toast- 
 mistress and called tor the following. 
 
 The Alumnae Miss Hehr, '07 
 
 Friendship Miss Alice Poste, '03 
 
 The Past Mrs. Hurlbut, '78 
 
 The Senior Point of View Miss Stebbins, '06 
 
 Out in the World Mrs. Gaines, '78 
 
 The College Mrs. Arnold, '97 
 
 The Future Mrs. Hepburn, '86 
 
 After the regular list had been given the toast-mistress 
 called upon many of the alumnae for impromptu speeches. 
 DELTA DELTA DELTA 
 
 On the same evening Beta of Delta Delta Delta held its 
 fifteenth annual alumnae banqet. The chapter house par- 
 lors were decorated with pine, and the tables were strewn 
 with pansies and sprigs of pine. Mrs. Irene Lewis Bedell, 
 '82, of New York, made a charming toast-mistress, and 
 called for the following toasts: 
 
 Attainment Mrs. Hulett 
 
 Home Again Miss Millen, '07 
 
 Dreams Miss Gertrude Robinson, '01 
 
 Delta Delta Delta Mrs. Dewey, '04 
 
 Farewell Miss Hart, '06 
 
 Among the alumni present were Mrs. Bedell, '82, Mrs. 
 Abigail Casey Hurley, '91, of Phoenix, Arizona, Mrs. 
 Sawyer, '82, Mrs. Dewey, '04, Miss Spencer, '03, Miss 
 Wallace, '05, Miss Helen Pierce, of Watertown, the Misses 
 Perkins, and Mrs. Hulett. 
 
 OMEGA GAMMA SIGMA 
 
 The annual banquet of Omega Gamma Sigma was held 
 at Omega Hall. Miss Lavinia Cunningham was brought 
 out. Mrs. Grace O. Townsend was the guest of honor. 
 
174 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 Miss Per Lee, the toast-mistress, called for responses to the 
 following toasts: 
 
 During the evening the usual serenades were given and 
 received. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL GRADUATING EXERCISES 
 The Forty-sixth Annual Commencement of the Theo- 
 logical School was held on Tuesday morning at the Uni- 
 versalist Church, beginning at ten o'clock. The exercises 
 were admirable in every particular, and from first to last 
 held the closest attention of those assembled. The Fac- 
 ulty in full academic costume, headed by President Gunni- 
 son, together with Rev. Charles Conklin, D.D., of Massa- 
 chusetts, and Ex-President Richmond Fiske, D.D., of 
 Connecticut, marched to the rostrum, followed by the can- 
 didates for diplomas and degrees. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Fisk offered prayer. A thesis entitled, 
 "Theories of the Origin of Evil," was then given by Noble 
 Earle McLaughlin, of Baltimore, Md. He stated in a 
 clear, concise manner the principal theories that have been 
 advanced for the solution of this problem, presenting there- 
 with the best arguments for and against each, advocating 
 finally that which the speaker held to be the most rational 
 and acceptable explanation of the origin of evil. 
 
 Roy Edward Griffith, of Rochester, discussed in an 
 interesting way "The Ethics of Christ in the Business 
 World." He presented the situation, as it may often be 
 seen to-day, of principles of private conduct in glaiing 
 contrast to those observed in commercial transactions. 
 The divorcement of the sacred from the secular he declared 
 to be largely responsible for this double standard of morals, 
 and held that religion should be vitally related to the whole 
 life of man; the ethics of Jesus earnestly applied to all 
 the business relations of men was the only solution of the 
 grave problems that confronted society to-day. 
 
 What Next 
 
 Fraternity Ideals 
 
 Our Girls 
 
 Winsome Womanhood 
 
 Mrs. Townsend 
 
 . . Miss Upton 
 Miss Pushaw 
 , . Miss Dailey 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 175 
 
 Both speakers acquitted themselves in a most creditable 
 manner. 
 
 The annual address to the graduating class was delivered 
 by the Rev. Dr. Conklin, State Superintendent of Churches 
 in Massachusetts. It was the fitting word for the occasion, 
 concisely and effectively stated, and its eloquent presenta- 
 tion made a profound impression on the graduates and all 
 who were privileged to hear. 
 
 Roy Edward Griffith and Noble Earle McLaughlin then 
 received the diploma of the Theological School for the 
 completion of the three years course of study. The candi- 
 dates for the degree of Bachelor of Divinity were, in 
 addition to the two already mentioned, Loomis Otis Black 
 and Lawrence Alden Copeland. In conferring the degrees 
 President Gunnison in happily phrased words of wise coun- 
 sel and encouragement, expressed to the graduates the con- 
 fidence of their instructors in them, and sought to impress 
 upon them the obligations they bore to the University and 
 Church which had given them their preparation, and the 
 greatness of the work upon which they were entering. 
 
 Mrs. George M. Gerrish and Mrs. Stella B. Stowell 
 added greatly to the enjoyable character of the occasion by 
 their finely rendered vocal solos. Miss Storrs being the 
 accompanist. The exercises concluded with the benediction 
 by the Rev. Dr. Conklin. 
 
 DEDICATION OF CARNEGIE SCIENCE HALL 
 In the afternoon, beginning at two o'clock, were held the 
 dedicatory exercises of the new science building, Carnegie 
 Hall. Throughout the entire week this noble structure 
 was the centre of attraction for visitors. It is commodious, 
 admirable both in plan and construction, well finished and 
 furnished; only words of commendation have been heard 
 in relation to it, and these were abundant and hearty. 
 It lacks, however, a sufficiently large assembly room to 
 accommodate such an audience as had gathered in its 
 honor; the exercises, therefore, were conducted in the 
 Gymnasium, which stands near. After the prayer by Rev. 
 Dr. G. L. Perin and some introductory remarks by Presi- 
 
176 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 dent Gunnison, the architect, Mr. Leslie Chamberlain, 
 delivered the keys to the President of the Trustees, Gen. 
 Edwin A. Merritt, who received them in behalf of the Uni- 
 versity and spoke briefly in fitting terms. It is noteworthy 
 that Gen. Merritt was present at the laying of the corner 
 stone of the original college building, now known as Rich- 
 ardson Hall, fifty years ago. 
 
 ADDRESS BY WILLIS L. MOORE 
 This was followed by an address by the Hon. Willis L. 
 Moore, Chief of the Weather Bureau, who has recently 
 brought about the establishment of an observation station 
 at Canton in connection with the University, for which 
 excellent accommodations have been provided in Carnegie 
 Hall. Already the necessary apparatus has been set up 
 and a very competent officer assigned to the post. Mr. 
 Moore, treating of the relation of climate to national char- 
 acter as his main topic, spoke as follows, in part: 
 
 This beautiful and commodious building, which to-day you dedi- 
 cate to the teaching of science in St. Lawrence University, is not 
 only an evidence of the wonderful advance that has been made in 
 our knowledge of nature, and of the necessity for applying that 
 knowledge to our various industries, but it stands as a monument 
 to the fact that in this day the only justification that a man can 
 have for the accumulation of more money than he can legitimately 
 use for the comfort and protection of himself and his family is that he 
 may give wisely and well; that he may assist in adding to human 
 knowledge; that he may use the power which wealth has given him 
 to lighten the burden that rests upon others, and to uplift civili- 
 zation by establishing high ideals in the public mind. Mr. Carnegie 
 has bestowed a benediction not only upon this excellent institution 
 of learning at the close of its semi-centennial, but upon every young 
 man or woman who in the century to come shall draw upon it for 
 the inspiration of a life's work. 
 
 I shall not attempt to speak to you in regard to the broad prin- 
 ciples of science to which this structure is dedicated, but rather to 
 tell you a little of the science in which thirty years of my life have 
 been spent as a student and worker. 
 
 It is significant that at the landing of the Pilgrims practically 
 nothing was known of the properties of the air or of methods for 
 measuring its forces. It was not until twenty-three years after the 
 landing of the Pilgrims, that Torricelli invented the barometer. 
 His great teacher, Gallileo, in addition to the invention of the tele- 
 
The Laurenttan 
 
 177 
 
 scope and many other useful things, had invented the thermometer. 
 These two instruments form the basis of all meteorological science. 
 The inventors as little appreciated the value of their inventions as 
 they dreamed of the great Western Empire then just rising from the 
 mists of the western seas, which should come into existence and first 
 use their instruments to elucidate the phenomena of storms. 
 
 To-day there are two hundred complete meteorological stations 
 under the control of the United States Government. They are 
 scattered through the broadest area anywhere in the world that is 
 under the control of one central Bureau, I shall confine myself to 
 a description of the atmosphere itself, variations in the conditions 
 of which have so much to do with our health, our happiness, our 
 business, and our prosperity. 
 
 Professor Moore here described at considerable length the 
 physical conditions of the atmosphere, and gave a descrip- 
 tion of the manner in which storms and cold waves operate. 
 In relation to the effects of climate on character he said: 
 
 The philosopher Humbolt says that "the man is a product of soil 
 and climate, and is brother to the rocks, trees, and animals." 
 Now our more modern science, while agreeing in the main with the 
 great philosopher, would rather say that man is the product of poli- 
 tics and climate; for the falling rain, the trickling rivulet, the rush- 
 ing torrent, and the change in the volume of matter due to vari- 
 ations in heat and cold, disintegrate the rock and make soil; there- 
 fore, soil is only a function of climate, and politics is the science of 
 governing such animals as develop up to the intelligence of man. 
 
 I want to impress upon you how much you owe to political doc- 
 trine and to the meteorological elements for your wealth, your 
 power, your good looks, and your intellect. You, my friends, are 
 simply the summation of the climate and the political environments 
 of a long line of ancestors— and climate is the more import- 
 ant. You give little heed to the air you breathe, and yet on its 
 purity depends the soundness of the bone and the fibre of which 
 your bodies are constructed. Its thermal conditions determine in 
 large measure your physical potential, and the wideness of its daily 
 and annual ranges of temperature inspires you to action that is 
 largely proportional to the difference between summer heat and 
 winter cold,— not absolutely so, as I will show a little further along. 
 
 In a climate where man needs but little protection against the 
 meteorological elements, where he may lie upon his back in the 
 shade and with his bare toes kick off all the natural fruit that he 
 needs to nourish his body, you will find no Alexander, no Caesar, 
 no Napoleon; you will find no Kepler, no Newton, no Humbolt; 
 you will find no Washington, no Lincoln, and no Grant. You will 
 find neither wealth nor power, no stability of purpose. Neither 
 
178 
 
 The Laureniian 
 
 will you find human greatness in the ice-bound zones of the north, 
 where man's chief concern is to get enough fish and blubber to 
 satisfy his hunger while he burrows down beneath the snows of 
 fierce winters. Here again you will find a dwarfing of the spirit of 
 progress. 
 
 It is apparent, therefore, that the most perfect co-ordination of 
 the physical and mental faculties is found— and I ask you to mark 
 this— where nature is neither so harsh as to crush aspirations, nor 
 yet so gentle as to lull desire, and where political doctrine allows 
 the freest exercise of individual opinion. That place is about mid- 
 way between the tropics and the poles, and your progenitors, my 
 friends, were so fortunate as to be born within those favored geo- 
 graphic boundaries, wherein Nature has seemed to ordain that the 
 human potential shall be greater than in any other portion of the 
 earthly sphere, and from which, by a law that is almost as universal 
 as that of gravity, it flows northward and southward, decreasing in 
 strength as it gains in distance from this favored thermal belt. 
 Why, you can no more restrain the growth and expansion and 
 power of the American people, because of their climatic and politi- 
 cal inheritance, than you can reverse the laws of gravity, or cause 
 the Father of Waters to flow northward. 
 
 Let no man disparage the American cold wave; for much of the 
 physical and intellectual energy that has made this country great, 
 that has caused it to take a commanding place among the great 
 nations of the world, that has caused it to excel in the arts, in agri- 
 culture, in manufactures, and in commerce, and that will enable 
 it ultimately to liberate the white slave of to-day as effectually as it 
 did the black man in 1865, was born in the activity of the cold 
 north wind, which brings such physical and mental energy in its 
 mighty breath. And in this connection I emphasize the fact that 
 climate alone cannot make great nations. It can make a great peo- 
 ple, but only under the right kind of political doctrine can they 
 become a great nation. The Russians have a climate that produces 
 powerful physical entities, but they lack the freedom of individual 
 action that alone can change the heterogeneous power of individuals 
 into unified national force with patriotism as its base. 
 
 It was the desire for freedom of thought and action, and the 
 recognition of man's inherent rights as against the vested rights of 
 tradition, that, combined with our climate, produced the hardy, 
 resourceful, composite man that we call the American of to-day. 
 This seed was planted in Britain, but the tender plant that grew 
 from it was soon torn from its native heath and cast out upon the 
 mercy of the winds and waves. They did not want it over there; 
 the time was not yet ripe for it. But when the Mayflower, sailing 
 westward on its God-given mission, gave that plant lodgment on 
 these shores, it found a climate neither so mild as to enervate, like 
 
2 he Laurentian 
 
 179 
 
 that in the tropics, nor so rigorous as to destroy, such as it would have 
 found in the Arctic; and therefore it soon bore political doctrine so 
 beneficent in its growth and development as to form a priceless 
 heritage to this generaton. 
 
 AFTERNOON RECEPTION 
 
 The address was immediately followed by the very enjoy- 
 able reception given by Hon. and Mrs. L. P. Hale to Hon. 
 George R. Malby, of Ogdensburg, and Hon. E. A. Merritt, 
 jr., of Potsdam. The reception was in recognition of their 
 important services in securing the passage of the bill estab- 
 lishing an agricultural college here. The reception com- 
 mittee consisted of Hon. and Mrs. Hale, Senator and Mrs. 
 Malby, Hon. and Mrs. Merritt, Mr. and Mrs. Irving Bach- 
 eller, Mrs. Benton, to whom Canton owes its new library, 
 and Mrs. Shultz. The ushers were Miss Hale, '03, and 
 Miss Jillson. The spacious rooms of Judge Hale's resi- 
 dence were thronged by the many who wished to meet the 
 men whose influence has done so much for St. Lawrence, 
 the attendance of business men being particularly large. 
 ALUMNI ANNIVERSARY REUNION 
 
 Tuesday evening was devoted to the Alumni Reunion 
 meeting, held in the Town Hall and largely attended, 
 many from neighboring towns being present. The stage 
 was tastefully decorated with the scarlet and brown, and 
 the large oil paintings of Presidents Ebenezer Fisher, 
 A. G. Gaines, and J. S. Lee were displayed in front. Repre- 
 sentatives of the Faculty, the Board of Trustees, the Law 
 School, the different classes, and visitors, occupied the 
 raised seats of the temporary platform erected behind. The 
 Ogdensburg orchestra was in attendance, songs appro- 
 priate to the various periods treated by the speakers were 
 sung throughout the evening by the college glee club, the 
 audience joining in several with much heartiness. The pro- 
 gramme had been arranged with speakers to represent suc- 
 cessively the five decades of the history of the University, 
 and it had been expected that the speakers would tell of con- 
 ditions at the college as they were in their time, and of the 
 incidents that go to make up the legends of the institution. 
 While this was done to a slight degree, the majority of the 
 
i8o 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 speakers took broader lines for their themes. But it is 
 quite impossible to do justice to these speeches in any 
 report; even a full verbatim record would not give the real 
 effect. They were rather informal and full of deep feeling. 
 The very sight of the speakers in certain cases — as they 
 came forward after the lapse of many years, bearing the 
 rich honors of lives well spent in the service of their fel- 
 lows, yet as full of loyalty as on the day of graduation — 
 was more moving than any words that could be uttered. 
 
 After the prayer, which was offered by the Rev. Dr. 
 Richmond Fisk, President of the College of Letters and 
 Science from 1868 to 1872, President Gunnison in his 
 opening remarks said that the marking off of fifty years in 
 institutions so old that their beginning has been forgotten 
 means but little, but that the passing of the first fifty years 
 of St. Lawrence marks an epoch, and where there is so 
 much to show from so small and primitive a beginning, 
 there is just cause for rejoicing. 
 
 The evening's programme then began with the reading 
 of a beautiful poem, at once melodious and rich in senti- 
 ment, composed for the occasion by Irving Bacheller, '82. 
 It is the special privilege of St. Lawrence to claim from 
 her most gifted son services such as this, which he grants 
 to few, but to his Alma Mater he has never yet refused the 
 tribute of his genius. We are not permitted to publish the 
 text of this poem in the present issue, as we had hoped, 
 but it will appear in a later number of the current volume 
 of The Laurentian. The title chosen was <*The Sowers." 
 
 Rev. Dr. A. B. Hervey was the speaker for the first 
 decade. He is the oldest living graduate, having graduated 
 from the Theological School in the class of '61, and served 
 as President of the College of Letters and Science from 
 i88g to 1894. spoke for the sixties. When he en- 
 
 tered there was but one building on the campus, and the 
 campus itself was a waste of sand and boulders. There 
 were no trees. No section of the State more needed an 
 institution of learning than did this, and yet it came here 
 largely by chance. At the time of Dr. Hervey's entrance 
 
The Laureniian 
 
 i8i 
 
 the College did not exist, but one year later Dr. J. S. Lee 
 started a preparatory school, from which the College grew. 
 The speaker spoke in glowing terms of the work of Dr. 
 Fisher and Dr. Gaines as the men to whom, more than to 
 any others, the University owes its character; their sturdi- 
 ness and devotion and unswerving allegiance to the right 
 have left an ineradicable impress upon the institution. 
 They put into it their lives, which have become its tradi- 
 tion, and any other ideals for the college than the ideals 
 they builded upon will be found false. 
 
 Dr. Annette J. Shaw was the next speaker. She was of 
 the class of '73, and when she entered college the real 
 struggle to demonstrate its right to exist had begun. It was 
 at this time that the foundation of the St. Lawrence spirit 
 was laid, for it was a period of deprivation and sacrifice, a 
 time when the students and the men who taught were 
 brought face to face in intimate association. She spoke of 
 some of those who were then in college. Of the one hun- 
 dred persons who made up the total list of graduates at 
 that date fifteen per cent are now dead. Others have made 
 names for themselves in different callings. The boys and 
 girls of that period may have forgotten many things, but 
 there is one thing that they have not forgotten, and that is 
 loyalty, purity, and truth. It was in the seventies that the 
 frater^nity spirit first appeared, which resulted in the for- 
 mation of the P. D. society, an organization whose ways 
 were dark and regarded with deep suspicion. This has 
 become the local chapter of Beta Theta Pi. Among the 
 girls the Browning society was forming, which a few years 
 later became an influential chapter of Kappa Kappa 
 Gamma, and is now known as Zeta Phi. Like all the old 
 graduates, the speaker referred to the old college building 
 around which so many memories cluster, and while she 
 spoke with regret of the fact that it was to be changed and 
 made over into somethmg new and modern, she was 
 nevertheless glad that it was to be done. Old scenes must 
 sometimes be wiped out in order to meet new demands. 
 
 When the Rev. Richard Eddy Sykes came forward to speak 
 
l82 
 
 J'he Laurentian 
 
 for the eighties his greeting was a warm one, for many of 
 those who sat in the audience knew him of old — better, how- 
 ever, as the youthful "Dick" of the early eighties than 
 under his present titles, soon to be augmented. He said 
 he actually entered college at the age of nine years, when 
 his father came to the institution as Steward. Mr. Sykes 
 entered the class of '83, and noted that his class had the 
 first cane-rush ever held on the campus. The next morn- 
 ing all persons interested in the matter received a letter 
 from Dr. Gaines, and they had a heart-to-heart talk. It 
 was in this rush that Mr. Sykes wore his first tall hat, an 
 article he has not since seen; and he threw in the informa- 
 tion that the rush was organized by the brother of the 
 present President — information which possibly was unneces- 
 sary for an audience reasonably conversant with the history 
 and proclivities of that family. Mr. Sykes told of the first 
 quartette organized in the college, consisting of himself, G. 
 S. Conkey, Rev. A. B. Church, and the late Professor 
 Clement M. Baker, which toured the Thousand Islands, — 
 himself and Mr. George S. Conkey, now Treasurer of the 
 University, passing the hat on the boats. During his term 
 the ball team v/as organized, and the only athletic appar- 
 atus they had was a horizontal bar in the top room of the 
 college. He referred to the erection of Fisher Hall, to the 
 former presidents, and the spirit of study, loyalty, and sac- 
 rifice manifested by all. 
 
 Rev. G. E. Cooley, '97, in his remarks about the nine- 
 ties said that it was at that time that the idea of the greater 
 St. Lawrence sprang into being at a meeting in New York. 
 It saw the building of the Gymnasium, the inauguration of 
 athletics on a better basis, and the first trips to meet other 
 teams. It was during his time that St. Lawrence defeated 
 Union in a game of baseball, the first victory over a sister 
 college. 
 
 L. H. Pink spoke for the present. He paid a deserved 
 compliment to Professor Priest in his remarks about the 
 new Science Building. He said that it has always been 
 believed that Professor Priest could make a steam engine 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 183 
 
 out of a hairpin, and that heretofore hairpins had been 
 about all he could get hold of to work with, but that the 
 new hall would give scope for his recognized genius, and 
 made a fitting environment at last for such a man as he. 
 Mr. Pink lamented the fact that so many saw fit to think 
 that the St. Lawrence spirit was on the wane among the 
 3'ounger graduates. He said that this spirit is the result of 
 years, and that when the silver is appearing in the hair of 
 the present graduates the true spirit, the spirit so much 
 talked about by the silver-grays now, will be found fully as 
 strong. He further said that in years to come Dr. Gunni- 
 son will be heralded as are Dr. Gaines and Dr. Fisher now, 
 perhaps not for the same things, for the two former were 
 pre-eminently builders in spiritual and educational things, 
 while Dr. Gunnison is building in a material and modern 
 way, and is doing all and more than was expected of him 
 when he came here. He has founded a city on a hill, 
 which will not be hid. 
 
 Dr. Atwood was the last speaker on the programme. His 
 theme was the Past and Future. His reference to Dr. 
 Gaines and Dr. Fisher will be long remembered by all who 
 heard it, and his words for the future were bright and hope- 
 ful. He also drew attention to the noteworthy fact that 
 no fewer than four of the five speakers representing the 
 successive decades stood alike for the Theological School 
 and the College, three of them being graduates of both 
 departments, while another was a graduate of the former 
 and an ex-president of the latter. This, he truly said, was 
 no accident; the early predominance of the Theological 
 School is a fact in the history of St. Lawrence, and an im- 
 portant factor in its growth. This brief address by the 
 honored ex-president of the Theological School formed a 
 fitting climax to the exercises of the evening. 
 
 At the close Frank J. Arnold, of Brooklyn, announced 
 that at a class reunion held that day, his class, that of 
 1896, had voted to establish a class scholarship, and that 
 those present, comprising about half the members of the 
 class, had already subscribed about $600 toward it. 
 
184 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES OF THE COLLEGE 
 Wednesday, the culminating day of the commencement 
 season, was so perfect in all its conditions that frequent 
 remarks were heard on the advantage of having the Chief 
 of the Weather Bureau in personal attendance. No im- 
 provement could have been made if he had telegraphed to 
 all parts of the country for the best weather features, — the 
 sunshine of the south, the coolness of the sea-shore, and 
 the bracing ozone of the Adirondacks. 
 
 The graduation exercises of the College of Letters and 
 Science were conducted in the Town Hall, beginning at 
 ten o'clock. The audience was large and of the best type; 
 the stage was decorated in the same manner as on the 
 evening preceding, except that the pictures had been re- 
 moved from the front. A good orchestra was in attend- 
 ance, and as the march was sounded the usual procession, 
 consisting of the Faculty of the University (all three de- 
 partments being represented), the Trustees, the guests of 
 honor, and the candidates for degrees, all in full academic 
 costume, entered the hall and defiled to the stage. Presi- 
 dent A. B. Church, of Buchtel College, (S. L. U. '86) 
 offered prayer. 
 
 Of the five speakers who had been selected from the 
 graduating class to deliver theses, the first was Miss 
 Anne Gertrude Sneller, of Cicero, who had chosen as her 
 subject "The True Significance of Education." Her 
 oration was admirably delivered, and was accounted one 
 of the very best on the programme. Miss Sneller has 
 proved herself a student of altogether exceptional ability, 
 and has made an enviable record in her college work — and 
 this was attested by the fact that her degree was conferred 
 suMMA CUM LAUDE, an houor very rarely granted at St. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 The second speaker was Linn Rudolph Blanchard, of 
 Woodstock, Vt., whose topic was "The Ghost in Litera- 
 ture". The theme was novel, and the treatment showed 
 unusual literary insight and wide reading. The matter 
 was handled with considerable skill, and in the vigorous 
 
The Laurentian 185 
 
 originality of its thought this oration was undoubtedly the 
 most remarkable of the series. 
 
 After music by the orchestra, Miss Fanny Louise Atwater, 
 of Norfolk, delivered a thesis entitled "Pestalozzi as an 
 Educational Reformer." The subject was full of interest, 
 and the rendering characterized by grace of expression and 
 quiet dignity of manner. 
 
 Mr. Clarence Everett Barter, of Canton, then dealt with 
 "The Problem of Pure Food." Mr. Barter makes little 
 pretense to oratory, but his mode of speaking was plain 
 and effective, and his thorough knowledge of the subject 
 he had chosen was manifest. Mr. Barter during the past 
 year served as first assistant in the laboratory, and in what 
 he said of adulterants he spoke in part from his own analysis 
 of samples. 
 
 The last thesis was on "Sanity in Physical Training", 
 by Sarah Farnsworth Stebbins, of Brooklyn. Common 
 sense in athletics was strongly advocated, and especial 
 stress v/as laid on the point that to-day physical training 
 in American colleges is at the same time carried to excess 
 and seriously neglected. Miss Stebbins has unusual skill 
 in speaking, and no oration was more effectively rendered 
 than this. 
 
 The closing thesis was followed by music. The class, 
 thirty-five in number, then rose in their places, and President 
 Gunnison briefly addressed them with parting words of 
 good council and affection. Degrees in course were then 
 conferred in the usual manner upon the following candi- 
 dates: 
 
 The degree of Bachelor of Arts, upon Edith Louisa 
 Adams, George Carl Alverson, Fann}' Louise Atwater, 
 MAGNA CUM LAUDE, Linn Rudolph Blanchard, magna cum 
 LAUDE, Frank Henry Cook, Freeman Ralph Crane, Fletcher 
 Donaghue Dodge, Nellie Mae Farmer, Etta Evelyn 
 Fraser, cum laude, Jean Elizabeth Glassford, cum laude, 
 Bessie Cummings Greene, Bessie Alexander Hart, Fred 
 Harold Heaton, Marion Culver Hodskin, Agnes Melvina 
 Hosley, Sarah Emma Hulett, Inez Marie Northrop, Ethol 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 Eva Peck, Obed Edwin Risley, Anne Gertrude Sneller, 
 SUMMA CUM LAUDE, Grace Frances Storrs, Stephen Clayton 
 Sumner, Arthur Townsend Walker, Clark Jay Willson. 
 
 The degree of Bachelor of Science, upon Robert Lee 
 Allen, Jeremiah Leland Ames, Clarence Everett Barter, 
 CUM LAUDE, William Henry Hayden, Elbridge Omar Hurl- 
 but, jr., DeWitt Thornton Kilian, Delbert Robert Lewis, 
 Earl Babcock Scott, Sarah Farnsworth Stebbins, Leland 
 James Whittaker, Leo Frank Willson. 
 
 The degree of Master of Science, for work done in 
 biology, upon Irma Hale, B.S. 1903; Thesis — **A De- 
 scription of Some Pathogenic Bacteria." 
 
 The degree of Master of Arts, for work done in history, 
 upon Evelyn Wells, B.A. 1905; Thesis — ''Intimations of 
 Free Agency in History." 
 
 The degree of Master of Arts was conferred in absentia 
 upon James Franklin Morgan, B.A. 1903, for work done in 
 chemistry. 
 
 The President then called upon the Recorder, Professor 
 Ford, to present those who were to receive honorary de- 
 grees, which were conferred by President Gunnison in the 
 following words: 
 
 "Edward Lawrence Stevens, teacher and superintendent 
 of teachers, native of this northern country, skilled in the 
 arts of instruction, wise in direction, by the united vote of 
 the Faculty and Trustees of St. Lawrence University I am 
 instructed to confer upon you the honorary degree of 
 Doctor of Humane Letters.* 
 
 "Willis L. Moore, scientist of celebrity, master of the 
 mysteries of air and climate, interpreter of the laws of the 
 wind and the waves, making nature man's servant by be- 
 coming master of her secrets, to the degrees which you 
 
 ♦The Latin of the diplomas read as follows, respectively: 
 
 Eduardum Laurentium Stevens, virura doctura, ingenio 
 doctrina auctoritate ornatura, raagistrum prudentem sollertem 
 strenuum, curae liberorum instruendorum in urbe Neo-Eboracensi 
 praepositura, Litteraruni Humafiarunt' Doctorem — 
 
 WiLLrs LuTHERUM MooRE, virum caelo publice observando 
 praepositura, scientiae venti tempestatisque studiosum, cui cognos- 
 
The Laurenfta?t 187 
 
 already hold this University adds the honorary degree of 
 DocroR OF Science."* 
 
 "Charles Hayden, preacher of righteousness, graced 
 with culture and gifted with the art of inspiring speech, 
 accept from the University the honorary degree of Doctor 
 OF Divinity."* 
 
 Richard Eddy Sykes, graduate of two departments of 
 St. Lawrence University, pastor and preacher, excelling 
 in Christian administrations and charities, you are honored 
 by this institution, which you have honored, with the degree 
 of Doctor of Divinity."* 
 
 William Beers Hurd, jr., learned in the law, eminent as 
 a jurist, leader in civic and legal circles, skilled in affairs 
 and graced with the scholar's culture, the University which 
 you have served as a successful lecturer and zealous friend 
 in its Law Department confers upon you the degree of 
 Doctor of Laws."* 
 
 **John Stocker Miller, once a faithful student and able 
 teacher in this University, now an eminent advocate, wise 
 counselor, and great lawyer in a great city, your Alma 
 Mater honors herself by honoring you with the degree of 
 Doctor of Laws."* 
 
 cere palamque facere res multas et omnium vitae civium utilissimas 
 est curae, Scientiae Doctorem— 
 
 Carolum Adelbert Hayden, virum reverendum, oratorem in 
 rebus divinis eloquentem, pastorem fidelem, omnium rerum pro 
 communi saluti gestarum studiosum et fautorem, Divinitatis 
 Doctorem— 
 
 RiCARDUM Eddy Sykes, alumnum Universitatis nostrae, et in 
 scientia et in theologia bacalaureatum, virum sanctitate veneratum, 
 comitate dilectum, doctrina et eloquentia honoratum, Divinitatis 
 Doctorem— 
 
 GuLiELMUM Beers Hurd, Jr., apud Scholam Legum nostram 
 praelectorem, virum in causis agendis disertum, in iure civili pru- 
 dentem, iuridicum integrum, olim iudicio amplo praesidentem, 
 Legum Doctorem — 
 
 JoHANNEM Stocker Miller, exeraplum indolis, artibus liberal- 
 ibus excultae atque politae, olim apud hancUniversitatem linguarum 
 antiquarum professorem, iuris consultum peritissimum, fama cuius 
 per totam rem publicam cluetur, Legum Doctorem — 
 honoris causa creavimus et renuntiavimus . 
 
i88 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 "Newton Martin Curtis, patriot, soldier, general in the 
 Civil War, not less distinguished on the battle field than 
 for faithful service in the arts of peace, author, legislator, 
 citizen, a faithful friend of education and all honorable 
 causes, the University which you have served from its 
 foundation is happy in conferring upon you the degree of 
 Doctor of Laws."* 
 
 "Alonzo Barton Hepburn, honored of all men, but 
 honored most by those who know you best, serving state 
 and nation in important posts and always with fidelity and 
 distinction, author of celebrity, master of the philosophy 
 and administration of finance, appreciative of learning 
 and its institutions, generous patron and friend, St. Law- 
 rence University with great pleasure confers upon you 
 its highest degree. Doctor of Civil Law."* 
 
 Honorary degrees were conferred in absentia as follows: 
 Upon Don Seitz, of New York, the degree of Master of 
 Arts."* 
 
 Upon Frederick William Hamilton, President of Tufts 
 College, the degree of Doctor of Laws.* 
 
 So ended the very successful exercises of the morning. 
 
 *The Latin of the diplomas read as follows, respectively: 
 Newton Martinum Curtis, ducem in Bello Civili animosum, 
 nec minus in foro quam in armis illustrem, poenae capitalis 
 abolendae suasorem praecipuum, rerura a commilitonibus actarum 
 scriptorem luculentum, Legum Doctoreni — 
 
 Alonzo Barton Hepburn, horainem officii amplissimi onere 
 sagaciter fungentem, inter eos qui negotia agunt cum laude 
 eminentem, nummorum ex auri pretio aestimandorum auctorem 
 gravissimura, Legis Civilis Doctoreni— 
 
 Don Carlos Seitz, horainem in urbis magnae negotiis operosi- 
 oribus strenue versatum, alumni nostri filium, Universitati consuleu- 
 tem, quo ipse in familiam nomenque adoptatus sit, Artiuni Magis- 
 trum — 
 
 Fridericum Gulielmum Hamilton, Collegii Tuftensis praesi- 
 dem designatum, virum eruditum, administratorem sagacem, 
 munera ita obiturum ut lumen scientiae baud minus in illo doc- 
 trinae domicilio eluceat, Le^rum Doctoreni— 
 honoris causa creavimus et renuntiavimus . 
 
llie Laurenttan 
 
 THE ALUMNI COLLATION 
 
 For many years the afternoon following the graduation 
 exercises has been devoted to the Alunmi Dinner; but on 
 this occasion there was, strictly speaking, no dinner. It 
 was found impossible to provide adequately in the usual 
 way for the number likely to attend — no hotel in Canton 
 was large enough. This, therefore, was not attempted; 
 instead, a cold collation was served in the Gymnasium, fol- 
 lowed by the customary toasts and singing. Even so the 
 great hall was filled almost to the limit of comfort, and 
 apart from the somewhat unsatisfactory service — which was 
 not the fault of the committee in charge — the innovation 
 was generally commended. 
 
 The luncheon was served at two o'clock, and the literary 
 part of the programme, always the main feature, was soon 
 reached. Rev. Dr. George L. Perin, of Boston, was intro- 
 duced as toast-master and discharged his office with char- 
 acteristic touches of humor. He began, however, in a 
 more serious vein, saying that the St. Lawrence of to-day 
 is facing the sunrise, and he hoped that the toasts would 
 represent the spirit of the occasion. 
 
 The first speaker called upon was General Curtis. He was 
 introduced as the hero of Fort Fisher — a man who, both 
 in his private and public life, had been an honor to his 
 country, and although not a graduate, a good friend of the 
 college from its foundation. General Curtis first thanked the 
 University for the act which had made him an alumnus of 
 the institution which had always been so near his heart. 
 He then spoke of his memory of the ceremony of the laying 
 of the corner stone of Richardson Hall. He especially 
 recalled the work of George Robinson, late Treasurer of 
 the University, who drove from house to house raising sub- 
 scriptions to found the college. He spoke of the day 
 when, driving to Canton early in the morning, he listened 
 to the address of Dr. Chapin, which he characterized as 
 one of the finest that he had ever heard. He then com- 
 pared the University as he saw it in its infancy and as it 
 now appears, and said that its rapid growth was largely the 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 result of the superb management of President Gunnison, 
 whose best reward is that of a great work well done. 
 
 Hon. A. B. Hepburn, President of the Chase National 
 Bank, of New York, added his tribute to President Gunni- 
 son, and thanked the University for the honor conferred 
 upon him. His response was characteristically brief, ade- 
 quate, and to the point. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Hayden, of Agusta, Me. , after the usual expres- 
 sion of acknowledgment, said that in his State St. Lawrence 
 is well known through her graduates, who are all examples 
 of the best type of the college-bred man. The State has, 
 however, pa,rtially repaid its debt in the instructors which 
 it has sent to Canton. 
 
 Mr. John Hinds, T. S. '72, of Boston, is well known even 
 to the undergraduates as a generous friend of St. Law- 
 rence. When called upon he began by saying that the 
 prime requisite in a college president is that he be a good 
 beggar; he had known President Gunnison for years, and 
 could testify that he is the prince of beggars. His response 
 was the most entertaining of the day, a model of dry, quaint 
 humor, with touches of deeper feeling; it is quite impossi- 
 ble to do it justice from the notes of a hasty report. 
 
 Miss Stebbins, '06, was called upon as a representative 
 of the graduating class. Her response was brief, but apt 
 and very graceful, expressing in part her appreciation of 
 the loyal services of that great body of St. Lawrence alumni 
 among whom she is now enrolled. 
 
 She was followed by Mr. D. J. Flanders, general passen- 
 ger agent of the Boston and Maine railroad, who had come 
 to Canton to attend commencement with his pastor, 
 Rev. R. E. Sykes. His words were listened to with especial 
 interest, as he spoke of the University from the standpoint 
 of a successful business man. He said that although he is 
 not himself a college graduate he fully appreciates the value 
 of a university education. He spoke of the excellent work 
 of the Rev. Dr. Sykes, his pastor, and added that, through 
 its graduates, all of whom are highly respected, the Uni- 
 versity is becoming well known in New England. 
 
l^he Laurentian 
 
 Dr. Sarah E. Sprague, '66, of Chicago, was next called 
 upon. Her toast was largely reminiscent. When she 
 entered there was but one building on the hill, and her 
 class, consisting of two girls, was the first to receive 
 diplomas from the College of Letters and Science. The 
 entire Faculty consisted of three men, Professors Fisher, 
 Lee, and Clapp. Each was a distinguished character. 
 Dr. Fisher was undoubtedly the most revered and Dr. Lee 
 the most loved man in the county. Professor Clapp is the 
 only survivor now. She then spoke at some length of life 
 in the old college building. 
 
 Mr. Ogden Fethers, of Janesville, Wis., began by 
 remarking that while the others had told of the gifts to the 
 University he wished to enter a plea for the under dog — 
 and that he had come to the conclusion that the man who 
 has the dollar gets it in the neck. He then extolled the 
 work of the University; it sends forth the kind of men 
 and women who are needed in the world. 
 
 The last speaker was the Rev. Dr. R. E. Sykes, '85, who 
 added his voice to that of the others in praise of the work 
 of the University and the notable success of the present 
 administration. 
 
 At the close of his remarks the toast-master read the fol- 
 lowing memorial, which had been signed by something 
 over a hnndred of the alumni present: 
 
 In reviewing the history of our beloved University, which in 
 recent years has been making a marked advance in its standing, in- 
 fluence, and extent of usefulness, the minds of the alumni naturally 
 have turned in affectionate regard toward its honored President, 
 through whose instrumentality this has been accomplished. 
 
 Called to the presidency in the prime of life from a congenial, 
 prosperous, and successful pastorate, Dr. Gunnison responded to 
 our summons, believing, as he was urgently assured, that here a 
 wider sphere for service — and must we not add, sacrifice? — opened 
 before him. 
 
 That the result of his years of labor for St. Lawrence has justi- 
 fied that assurance and his belief, needs no verification from us. It 
 is evidenced at the seat of the University itself; in the liberal bene- 
 factions secured through his efforts; in its recognition by the State 
 and the granting of a liberal appropriation to its coming School 
 of Agriculture; by the absorption of the Brooklyn Law School; by 
 
192 
 
 7ne Laurenttan 
 
 the increased number of students, and by the development of its 
 graduates and increasing strength of its alumni; all these, and 
 more testify to the good work of our President, who thus has raised 
 the institution from practically a small country school to one of the 
 leading universities of the State. 
 
 It is not for us here now, or at any other time, to reward him 
 for his labors of love; for the gift of himself through the varied 
 duties of his high office, in fulfilling which he has not counted his 
 life dear. We cannot reward him, though gladly would we do so, 
 with gold and happiness. The reward may not be offered by 
 earthly hands. 
 
 But we can express and do here beg the privilege of again re- 
 peating to him — our honored President — the homage of our love 
 and the assurance of our deepest appreciation of his service and 
 self-sacrifice; of our own obligation and that of all its alumni and 
 students and friends for the measure of success attained by the 
 institution, and for our own growth in all the elements of a worthy 
 manhood and womanhood. 
 
 That Dr. Gunnison may long be spared to the University and 
 the world is the earnest wish and hope of us all, as it is also that of 
 the entire constituency of St. Lawrence University. 
 
 This, it was assumed, was tlie end; but just as the audi- 
 ence was about to rise Dr. Perin stated that Mr. Irving 
 Bacheller, '82, wished to make an announcement. Mr. 
 Bacheller then came forward smiling, and in apt words 
 presented President Gunnison with a purse of six hundred 
 dollars in gold as a token of esteem from a few of the 
 alumni present. President Gunnison responded that he 
 was overwhelmed by so unexpected a gift, and at the same 
 time felt no small annoyance that so much money had been 
 in the possession of persons desiring to get rid of it with- 
 out his knowledge. He heartily thanked those who had 
 made up the purse and said that if it was tlieir intention 
 that he should **blo\v" it he would try to meet tlieir wishes. 
 With this pleasant incident the exercises of the afternoon 
 were brought to a close. 
 
 THE JUNIOR PROMENADE 
 
 The closing event of commencement week, however, was 
 the Junior Promenade in the evening. This also was lield 
 in the Gymnasium, the reception beginning at eight o'clock. 
 The committee in charge consisted of Messrs. Quacken- 
 Inisli, VanDelinder, W. C. Priest, and East, and Misses Ruth 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 193 
 
 Kimball, Ackerman, and Mannix. The music was furi 
 nished by the Ogdensburg Opera House Orchestra. The 
 hall was tastefully decorated, and thronged with alumn- 
 and students. The roof-beams were entirely hidden by a 
 wide awning of scarlet and brown, the balcony was banked 
 in with evergreen, and hundreds of college and fraternity 
 pennants covered the walls. The evening was cool and 
 delightful, and the dancing was greatly enjoyed and con- 
 tinued until a late hour. 
 
 So ended the semi-centennial anniversary of the found- 
 ing of St. Lawrence. Does it seem too fanciful to note that 
 it closed as the dawn was breaking — as the last of the 
 dancers hastened home to their rest? For the first decades 
 of St. Lawrence were passed in the night, under the 
 shadows of deep obscurity; and many who danced through 
 those night watches — and they paid the piper, too — are 
 weary now and hastening to their rest, and already some 
 are sleeping. But over St. Lawrence the dawn is break- 
 ing — such, at least, is our hope. 
 
 THE ATTENDANCE 
 
 A partial list of the alumni and guests present during 
 commencement is as follows: 
 
 A. G. Aiken, '01, Lisbon; Miss E. R. Albers, '05, Carthage; C. 
 H. Alexander, '04, New York; Rev. A. E. Allison, '03, Ogdens- 
 burg; Mr. Alverson, Dexter; Mr. and Mrs. Frank Ames, Morris- 
 town; Horace Atwater, Norfolk; Dr. and Mrs. I. M. Atwood, and 
 Miss Alice Atwood, Rochester; Prof. J. M. Atwood, Canton; C. A. 
 Austin, Bethlehem, Pa.; C. R. Austin, '05, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Miss 
 Madge Austin, '00, Canton; Irving Bacheller, '82, and wife, Sound 
 Beach, Conn.; Rev. F. W. Bailey, '78, New Haven, Conn.; 
 H. B. Bailey, '05, Woodbury, N. J.; C. A. Baltz, '04, New York; 
 Rev. G. E. Baner, '99, Geneva; R. L. Barber, '02, Newark, N. J.; 
 Dr. J. N. Bassett, '78, Canton; Mrs. L. L. Bedell, '82, New 
 York; Mrs. S. W. Benton, Minneapolis, Minn.; Miss Mabel 
 Black, '05, Brooklyn; C. S. Brewer, '91, Herkimer; R. E. 
 Briggs, '05, Lima; Mrs. Bullock, Worcester, Mass.; Everett 
 Caldwell, '89, Brooklyn; M. J, Casey, '87, Chicago; Hon. 
 Worth Chamberlain, '70, and wife, Albany; Mrs. J. E. 
 Cheetham, '86, Canton; J. H. Christie, '93, Bayonne, N. J.; Rev. 
 A. B. Church, '86, and Mrs. Church, '86, Akron, Ohio; F. N. 
 Cleaveland, '77, Canton; Wm. Coates, Jr., '05, Ogdensburg; Dr. 
 
194 
 
 7he Laurentian 
 
 E. M. Cole, '84, Dekalb Junction; Miss E. E. Conant, '02, Ogdens- 
 burg; G. S. Conkey, '83, Canton; H. M. Conkey, '99, New York; 
 Rev. Chas. Conklin, '76, Boston; Rev. G. E. Cooley, '97, Grand 
 Rapids, Mich.; Rev. J. D. Corby, '86, Londonderry, Vt.; Miss 
 Grace Corwin, Gouverneur; Rev. E. M. Crandall, '92, Madrid; Mrs. 
 
 B. Cunningham, '93, Canton; Gen. N. M. Curtis, Ogdensburg; 
 H. H. Dewey, '04, and Mrs. Dewey, '04, Lawrenceville; Miss E. L. 
 Dies, '03, Rensselaer Falls; Prof, and Mrs. O. W. Dodge, Ogdens- 
 burg; J. C. Dolan, '96, Gouverneur; G. C. Dona, '04, Massena; 
 Dr. M. E. Doolittle, '75, Hawarden, la.; R. E. Doolittle, '75, New 
 York; T. P. Dunphy, '05, New York; E. D. Duryea, '04, New 
 York; Mrs. G. Elliott, '03, Roxbury, Mass.; Wm. A. Elliott, '94, 
 Brooklyn; F. H. Emerson, '02, Pittsburg, Pa.; C. A. Farmer, 
 '04, Canton; H. G. Farmer, '04, New York; Dr. G. S. Farmer, '71, 
 Watertown; C. S. Ferris, '88, Potsdam; Hon. Ogden Fethers, Janes- 
 ville. Wis.; A. J. Fields, '00, Winthrop; J. A. Finnigan, '93, Can- 
 ton; Dr. Richmond Fiske, Boston; Prof. H. P. Forbes, '73, Canton; 
 M. G,. Folsom, '05, Clifton Springs; Prof. R. D. Ford, '85, Canton; 
 Mr. Eraser, Fort Covington; G. T. Flanders, Boston, Mass.; Prof. 
 
 C. K. Gaines, '76, and Mrs. Gaines, '78, Canton; B. Gilday, '05, 
 Little Falls; Mr. Glassford, Jersey City, N. J.; Dr. Almon Gunni- 
 son, '68, Canton; Dr. W. B. Gunnison, '75, Brooklyn; S. E. Gunnison, 
 '99, Brooklyn; Miss Irma Hale, '03, Canton; Hon. L. P. Hale, '76, 
 Canton; Mrs. Jessie Hammond, '89, Canton; Prof. G. R. Hardie, '90, 
 and Mrs. Hardie, '97, Canton; Rev. M. H. Harris, '70, and Mrs. 
 Harris, '67, Watertown; Mrs. Kate Hart, Little Falls; Mrs. C. W. 
 Hartridge. New York; J. B. Hawley, '02, Cincinnati, O.; Dr. 
 Wm. Hayden, Augusta, Me.; J. P. Heath, '06, Potsdam; Dr. Lucia 
 E. Heaton, '79, Canton; C. F. Heckles, '98, Canton; W. J. 
 Heckles, '96, Canton; G. B. Helmle, '85, Nyack; C. E. Hemen- 
 way, '00, Canton; Hon. A. B. Hepburn, and Mrs. Hepburn, 
 '86, New York; Dr. A. B. Hervey, '61, Bath, Me.; Rev. J. W. 
 Hinds, '72, Boston, Mass; Mrs. G. E. Hoage, '93, Canton; Rev. R. 
 E. Horn, '95, Canton; Prof. E. L. Hulett, '03, and Mrs. Hulett, 
 Canton; Rev. G. E. Huntley, '94, Canton; Mrs. E. M. Hurlbut, 
 '78, Canton; Mrs. A. E. Hurley, '91, Phoenix, Arizona; Dr. W. B. 
 Hurd, jr., Brooklyn; Miss Mary Ives, '05, Brushton; L. A. Johnson, 
 '96, Canton; D. S. Judd, '03, Canton; Miss Amy Kelly, '04, 
 Heuvelton; Miss Hazel Kelley, '04, Potsdam; Hon. A. E. Kilby, 
 '69, Carthage; Miss Adeline Koster, '05, Malone; Mrs. A. L. 
 Ladd, '95, Canton; D. F. Lane, '03, Watertown; Mrs. W. R. 
 Lasher, Brooklyn; W. J. Litchfield, '94, Boston, Mass.; Miss 
 Josephine Lewis, ex-'05. Orange, N. J.; J. G. Logan, '95, Brooklyn; 
 Mrs. F. M. Lynch, '96, Tuckahoe; Miss A. L. Lyon, '99, Brook- 
 lyn; C. B. McCormick, '96, and H. McCormick, '98, Watertown; 
 Mrs. E. T. McDonald, '85, Ogdensburg; Hon. Geo. R. Malby and 
 
The Laurenttan 
 
 195 
 
 Mrs. Malby, Ogdensburg; Williston Manley, '88, and Mrs. Manley, 
 ex-'89, Canton; Mrs. Abbie Martin, '75, Canton; Miss L. H. 
 Merriman, '96, Canton; Gen. E. A. Merritt, and wife, Potsdam; 
 Hon. E. A. Merritt, jr., and wife, Potsdam; Miss J. F. Merritt, 
 '89, Crar}'- Mills; Edmund Millen, Middletown; Miss Gladys Millen, 
 ex-'07, Middletown; Hon. J. S. Miller, '69, Chicago, 111.; Miss 
 Mills, Andover, Mass.; Miss K. E. Moog, '96, Baltimore, Md,; 
 Hon. Willis L. Moore, Washington, D. C; Rev. H. P. Morrell, 
 '91, Buffalo; L. Moses, 'OS, Richville; Miss N. L. Mowitt, '05, 
 Massena; E. J. Mulholland, '01, Piercefield; Rev. George L. 
 Murray, '90, Copenhagen; Miss M, J. Murray, '95, Ticonder- 
 oga; Dr. W. H. Nickelson, '79, Adams; Miss Helen Noel, Balti- 
 more, Md.; Dr. C. A. Northrop, '77, Hermon; B. S. O'Neil, 
 '92, and Mrs. O'Neil, '93, Massena; John O'Leary, '88, Clayton; 
 George H. Partridge, '96, New York; Dr. J. M. Payson, '74, Can- 
 ton; Mrs, Patterson, Towanda, Pa.; Mr. Peck, Brushton; Miss G. 
 E. Perkins, '03, Park Rapids, Minn.; Miss K. F. Perkins, '00, 
 Halleck, Minn.; Miss M, A. Perkins, '01, Park Rapids, Minn.; Dr. 
 G. L. Perin, '78, Boston, Mass.; Mr. Phelps and Mrs. Phelps, 
 '04, Brushton; Miss Ida Phelps, '85, Walpole, Mass.; Miss Helen 
 Pierce, '03, Watertown; L. H. Pink, '04, New York; Miss Alice 
 Poste, '03, Mexico City, Mexico; Ellsworth Poste, '01, Herkimer; 
 Mrs. Richardson, Worcester, Mass.; Dr. W. P. Richardson, Brook- 
 lyn; H. D. Robinson, '86, New York; N. L. Robinson, '77, New 
 York; Miss Ethel Robinson, '05, Canton; Miss Sarah Robinson, '05, 
 Brushton; Mrs. Roche, St. Johnsville; Miss Z. M. Rowland, '97, 
 Canton; J. H. Rushton, '04, Canton; Miss Sadler, Syracuse; Rev. 
 E. B. Saunders, '04, Fitchburg, Mass.; Mrs. C. D. Sawyer, '82, 
 Canton; L. C. Sawyer, '81, Ogdensburg; Mrs. F. M. Schultz, 
 Sound Beach, Conn.; Miss Helen Schultz, Sound Beach, Conn.; 
 Miss Mildred Schultz, Sound Beach, Conn.; Dr. Annette J. Shaw, 
 '73, Eau Claire, Wis.; C. F. Sheldon, '03, Sherman; Mrs. G. E. 
 Sims, '85, Canton; Mrs. Jacob Sneller, Cicero; Rear Admiral 
 Smith, U. S. N., Philadelphia, Pa.; Miss Florence Spaulsbury, 
 Gouverneur; Miss Esther Spencer, '03, Watertown; Dr. Sarah E. 
 Sprague, Chicago, 111.; A. Z. Squires, '68, Canton; J. D, Stark, 
 '01, Titusville, Pa. ; Mr. and Mrs. Channing Stebbins and Miss Delia 
 Stebbins, Brooklyn; Dr. E. L. Stevens, New York; B. S. Stevens, 
 '99, Canton; Miss Annie Stevenson, Canton; C. P. Stiles, '00, 
 Dekalb; Miss J. V. Stiles, '90, Dekalb; Mrs. R. M. Stocking, 
 Quebec, P. Q.; Dr. C. O. Sumner, '90, Norwood; Miss C. L. Sum- 
 ner, '98, Norwood; Mrs. Anna Sweet, '92, Brooklyn; Dr. R. E. 
 Sykes, '83, Maiden, Mass.; Mr. and Mrs. Terwiliger, Ossining; 
 Mrs. K. M. Townsend, '96, Waterville; Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Van 
 Delinder, Dekalb Junction; Mr. and Mrs. Walker, Danville, 111.; 
 Miss L. M. Wallace, '05, Canton; R. E. Waterman, '72, Ogdens- 
 
196 
 
 The Laufenttan 
 
 burg; R. S. Waterman, '01, Ogdensburg; Miss E. Wells, '05, Can- 
 ton; Mrs. White, Woodstock, Vt.; Dr. J. C. Willson, '78, Canton; 
 Thos. Woods, '91, Syracuse. 
 
 THE PRESIDENT'S REPORT 
 
 To the Board of Trustees of St. Lawrence University: 
 
 Gentlemen: I have to report another year of work of the Uni- 
 versity, and to recommend to you such action as may advance its 
 interests. We may justly congratulate ourselves that at the end of 
 fifty years of existence the University has reached a measurable con- 
 dition of success and has the assurance of permanence. Planted in 
 a comparatively sparsely populated region, almost entirely agricultu- 
 ral and therefore without great accumulations of wealth, it was not 
 to be expected that the University could become large in numbers 
 or in wealth, but it has an alumni list of no mean proportions, a 
 competent teaching force, a large and attractive campus, commo- 
 dious and creditable buildings, and an endowment small, but, with 
 economy, sufficient to keep the institution in a condition of financial 
 solvency. 
 
 Not a few of us can contrast the present conditions with the fre- 
 quent periods in the past when the continuance of the University 
 seemed problematical and its ultimate extinction almost a certainty. 
 But a kind Providence supplemented by human effort has aided us, 
 until to-day the University numbers nearly five hundred students 
 and teachers in its three established departments, while the new 
 department about to be established will, without doubt, greatly 
 augment our numbers and influence. 
 
 The lines upon which the University has moved have been sane 
 and salutary, — sound scholarship, a cautious but enterprising busi- 
 ness policy, and the preservation of high standards both of intel- 
 lectual and moral character. These insure permanence; and it is 
 ever to be remembered that a University is an institution of a thou- 
 sand years, and while superstructures can easily be changed foun- 
 dations must be enduring. 
 
 I cannot too often repeat the imperative necessity of the most 
 active and enterprising business policy. To remit any effort in this 
 direction is not only to compel stagnation but to invite decline. 
 The competition among colleges is disgracefully intense. The itch 
 of bigness has touched the governing boards of all the colleges and 
 is an active irritant on all the college presidents. The strenuous 
 rather than the simple life is the modern ideal, and the cloistered 
 leisure of the old days has given way to the bustle and hustling 
 at present so characteristic of all departments of our American life. 
 Deplore it as we may, we are in the world and must adjust ourselves 
 to its conditions. 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 I have great reason to be thankful that this Board is in sympathy 
 with all reasonable efforts that look to progress; that it has aided 
 by its counsel and enthusiastically loyal support all the policies 
 of the administration. And in this connection I feel that I can- 
 not too highly commend the scrupulous fidelity of our Execu- 
 tive Committee, composed of graduates familiar with the history of 
 the University and deeply interested in its welfare. It is intelligent, 
 conservatively enterprising, unsparing of time and labor. Very 
 much of our excellent financial showing is due to the wisdom with 
 which our investments are being made and looked after, and to the 
 signal faithfulness and ability of our Treasurer. 
 
 The morale of the University is hopeful. There are some prob- 
 lems in the teaching force which have to be solved; they are in pro- 
 cess of solution, and will, no doubt, be settled with prudence and 
 discretion. With the increased facilities which we now have there 
 will be an increase in efficiency, while the more adequate compen- 
 sation which the Board has been able to grant has heartened our 
 instructors and lightened their sacrifices. In this connection I 
 would recommend the addition of one hundred dollars to the salary 
 of Professor F. S. Mills, making the amount $1700. 
 
 Our students have not only increased in numbers but they are 
 coming from a wider territory. During the year a serious case of 
 discipline caused some anxiety, but the drastic measures which 
 seemed imperative were sustained by Faculty, Executive Board, 
 Tmstees, and alumni, and the result has been salutary. 
 
 THE COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE 
 The most notable event of the year has been the erection of the 
 Carnegie Science Building. It speaks for itself. Plain, solid, with- 
 out ornamentation, a business rather than a show building has been 
 erected, admirably adapted for the work we have in hand. No 
 shams have been built into it, and now that it is finished we can 
 hardly think of any changes that we would desire. It has been fin- 
 ished without debt and could not be replaced to-day without a con- 
 siderably increased expense. Hon. A. B. Hepburn contributed 
 five thousand dollars for apparatus, so that when this sum is fully 
 spent the building will be well equipped. The alumni have con- 
 tributed upwards of two thousand dollars for its furnishing. 
 
 Immediately after commencement the work of modernizing the 
 old college building will be undertaken, in order that the work may 
 be completed in season for the fall term. A heating plant will be 
 installed, recitation rooms enlarged, the perilous stairways sup- 
 planted by safer ones, and the building which has so admirably 
 served us will be improved without destroying its essential identity. 
 The wife of Dr. Frederick Lee has consented to put in a beautiful 
 window as a memorial of the late Dr. J. S. Lee. The cost of 
 
'Ihe Laurentian 
 
 reconstructing this building will be paid by Mrs. Mary A. Richard- 
 son, of Worcester, who has generously added one thousand dollars 
 to her gift of ten thousand dollars previously given for this pur- 
 pose. She has given thirty-six thousand dollars to the University, 
 and is its devoted and untiring friend. The building hereafter will 
 be called Richardson Hall in recognition of her benevolence. The 
 enlarging of our plant means enlarged expense, and there will be a 
 necessity for an increase of funds if we are to do our work without 
 deficiencies. 
 
 Through the kind offices of Willis Moore, Chief of the Weather 
 Bureau, an observation station has been installed in the Science 
 Building; a competent Superintendent has been detailed and is 
 already at work installing his apparatus. This officer is appointed 
 and compensated by the United States government. 
 
 THE ATHLETIC FIELD 
 Through the generosity of Mr. T. W. Weeks, of Brooklyn, we 
 have been able to continue our work of equipping the Athletic Field. 
 The expensive grading is finished, the fence, grand-stand, and gate- 
 way have been made; there remains only the making of the track, 
 with a few other matters. The condition of the ground and a lack 
 of funds have delayed the work; when the grounds and the funds 
 get settled, the work will be completed. Mr. Weeks has added the 
 sum of two thousand dollars to his previous gift, the total amount 
 of his donation being eight thousand dollars. 
 
 THE LEE PROPERTY 
 In accordance with the instructions of the Board the residence of 
 the late Professor Lee, with the adjoining grounds, has been pur- 
 chased. It was not expected to be a profitable financial investment, 
 but the purchase seemed to be necessary to safeguard the property 
 of the University. There is little doubt that the property will soon 
 be sold with the interests of the University in every way secured. 
 THE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL 
 The number of students continues small. Little can be done by 
 the school itself for increase of numbers; the inspiration which sends 
 young men into the ministry must come from the pastors of par- 
 ishes and from homes. All theological schools, with rare excep- 
 tions, bewail the same lack. It is a tendency of the times greatly 
 to be deplored, and against which there will be a reaction unless 
 there is to be a serious decline in the condition of all denominations. 
 During the year the school has lost by death Professor Orello Cone. 
 His long identification with the school, his rare scholarship, his 
 celebrity as a theological writer, his genial personality, make his 
 death a loss not only to the University but to the larger world of 
 scholarship. His death and the retirement of Professor L. B. 
 Fisher to take the presidency of Lombard College left two vacan- 
 
The Laureniian 
 
 199 
 
 cies to be filled on the Faculty. The Executive Committee called 
 to these places Rev. John Murray Atwood, of Portland, Me., and 
 Rev. Georg^e Ezra Huntley, of Oneonta. They had but little time 
 for preparation for their work, but they have already proved the 
 wisdom of the selection; they have rendered excellent service, which 
 will increase in value as the work becomes familiar. I would 
 recommend their election by this Board to the positions to which 
 they were called by the Executive Board. 
 
 Through funds solicited from the alumni of the Theological 
 School, Fisher Hall has been refurnished and redecorated. Toward 
 this sum Rev. John Hinds, an alumnus, generously contributed one 
 hundred dollars. The one thousand dollars which made possible 
 the beautiful Hinds Chapel was also his gift. 
 
 THE LAW SCHOOL 
 The Law Department, the Brooklyn Law School, graduated on the 
 sixth of June eighty-five students. It has had enrolled during the 
 past year two hundred and seventy-four students. It is expected 
 that the next school year will see an enrollment of upwards of three 
 hundred students. The school is finely housed, has in its Dean and 
 Faculty competent instructors, is clear of debt, and is not only sus- 
 taining a generous scale of expenditure but is yielding a revenue to 
 the University. By the purchase of its capital stock its ownership 
 by the University is now as complete as the ownership of any of the 
 other departments. It is admirably supervised by an Executive 
 Committee consisting of the members of this Board resident in 
 Greater New York and the vicinity. Its books are audited by the 
 official auditor of the University. 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL 
 A new department of this institution is soon to be established, or 
 rather has been created by the law of the State, through the appro- 
 priation of the sum of eighty thousand dollars for the creation of 
 the plant of an Agricultural School as a part of the University. 
 The vote of this Board sanctioned the enterprise and empowered 
 the President and Executive Board to take the necessary steps to 
 establish such a school. Their efforts have been successful. Too 
 much praise cannot be awarded to Hon. Edwin A. Merritt, jr., the 
 accomplished assemblyman of this district, who introduced the bill 
 and carried it without a dissenting vote through the Assembly, and 
 to Hon. George R. Malby, who performed a like successful service 
 in the Senate; and they did not cease their efficient labors until the 
 bill was signed by His Excellency Governor Frank W. Higgins. 
 
 Mr. Merritt is the son of the President of this Board and inherits 
 something not only of his distinguished father's ability, but also 
 his father's large loyalty to the University. The respect in which 
 Mr. Merritt is held by his colleagues in the Assembly by reason of 
 
200 
 
 2 he Laurentian 
 
 his recognized ability, his enthusiastic belief in the importance and 
 value of the proposed school both to the University and the com- 
 munity, gave great efifect to his zeal in the advocacy of the bill and 
 its translation into law. He has labored with rare skill and unsparing 
 industry and persistence for this bill, and the gratitude not only 
 of this Board but of the many interests that the school will serve 
 are due to him. Senator Malby added his large influence to the 
 advancement of the bill. His long legislative experience, his com- 
 manding influence in the Senate, and his position as chairman of 
 ■an important committee, made him an effective champion. Mr. 
 Malby is one of the sons of the University; he has admirably served 
 it and deserves its thanks. I would suggest that some appropriate 
 action be taken by this Board in recognition of the service of these 
 gentlemen. Other help was given by prominent men in different 
 parts of the State, while the press, the granges, and the citizens of 
 Northern New York gladly added their work and influence. 
 
 The plan of the school, the outlining of its scope and work, the 
 creation of the plant and its erection, require careful deliberation 
 and wise counsel. I would suggest that the Board delegate power 
 for the establishment of the school to the President and Executive 
 Committee. 
 
 OUR NEEDS 
 
 The chair of Dr. A. G. Gaines has never been filled, though his 
 work has been distributed among the other Professors, and is being 
 as well done as is possible under the circumstances. There ought 
 to be added at least two new Professors, but this cannot be done 
 without a very large increase of funds. Our productive endowment 
 is pitiably small. How it is that we are able to do so much with so 
 little is the surprise of those who know the cost of carrying on such 
 institutions. We are remote from money centres and are located 
 in a region without wealth, while our alumni are for the most part 
 too young to be a resource. It is a very hard problem and can only 
 be solved by great patience and active and persistent work. I wish 
 it were possible to increase our tuition fee, that our revenues might 
 be increased to meet our increasing needs, but I do not deem it 
 expedient. While our receipts from tuition are much larger than 
 heretofore, they are still deplorably small— our tuition fee being far 
 below that of most other colleges. As soon as practicable the 
 tuition should be increased to a sum fairly proportionate to the 
 work we are doing and the charges of other colleges. 
 
 CONCLUSION 
 
 In conclusion, this report is manifestly conservative in that it has no 
 startling and revolutionary policies to suggest. The life of a Uni- 
 versity does not deal in surprises— it is largely a matter of routine- 
 while many details of administration which might with profit be 
 
The Laurentian 201 
 
 brought before the Board for its counsel, were the Board in fre- 
 quent session, are necessarily settled by the Executive Board which 
 can be quickly convened. 
 
 We are growing as fast as it is wise to grow. We are securing an 
 admirable plant well adapted to our needs. We are changing the 
 campus from a farm into a park, and are widening and deepening 
 the influence of the University. 
 
 We must have a new chapel if we are to have even slightly 
 increased numbers; we must have a new gymnasium more in har- 
 mony with existing buildings and more adequate to serve our pres- 
 ent needs; but these must come as gifts, and until such gifts come 
 they and all other things must wait, as our endowment must be 
 kept inviolate. Beyond all, we must have an increased endowment. 
 We are treading too near the danger line for either safety or com- 
 fort, while the strenuous practice of petty economies, especially 
 after a lifetime of like unexhilarating experience, tends to a madden- 
 ing depression which is not conducive to personal comfort, happi- 
 ness, or efficiency. 
 
 If any members of the Board can suggest any new art b}'^ which 
 funds, fairly untainted, can be secured, or point out the trail that 
 leads to the strong boxes of the rich and unwary, they may perform 
 a patriotic duty by placing their information in the hands of the 
 President; while any contribution of personal effort in this direction 
 on the part of the Trustees, will be accepted with profoundest grati- 
 tude. 
 
 With thanks to the Board for its cooperation, sympathy, and sup- 
 port, with the wish that our largest hopes for the welfare of the 
 University may presently be realized, 
 
 I with much respect submit this report for your consideration. 
 ALMON GUNNISON, 
 
 President of St. Lawrence University. 
 
 TREASURER'S REPORT 
 
 COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE 
 BALANCE SHEET 
 
 April 30th, 1906. 
 
 RECEIPTS 
 
 Cash on hand May 1st, 1905 $ 5,739 38 
 
 Gifts for Endowment: 
 Balance of fund Tellazeal Hedenburg Scholarship 453 34 
 
 Principal Paid on divestments: 
 
 Bond and mortgage $16,393 80 
 
 Tuition notes 40 00 
 
 Subscription notes 10 00 
 
 Bills receivable 3,670 75 
 
 $ 20,114 55 
 
202 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 Income available for use: 
 
 Interest $14,399 32 
 
 Tuition 5,432 00 
 
 Expense refunded 18 50 
 
 One-third steward's salary 166 67 
 
 Pad fees 95 35 
 
 Reading room fees 191 57 
 
 Laboratory " 461 75 
 
 Gymnasium " 785 70 
 
 Diploma " 210 00 
 
 Zoology " 52 40 
 
 Mineralogy " 10 00 
 
 $ 21,823 26 
 
 Loan, L. P. Hale adm 5,000 00 
 
 " Theo. Dept 1,000 00 
 
 Athletic Field 4,000 00 
 
 Mary A. Richardson Bldg. fund 6,000 00 
 
 Carnegie Science Hall 45,000 00 
 
 Carnegie Science Hall furnishing fund 1,472 09 
 
 Classical Library fund 122 00 
 
 Brooklyn Law School income acc't 1 400 69 
 
 Loan University fund 5,000 00 
 
 $117,125 31 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS 
 
 Investments: / 
 
 Bond and mortgage $31,842 63 
 
 Bills payable 5,000 00 
 
 $ 36,842 63 
 
 Expenses: 
 
 Salaries $15,781 00 
 
 Expense 2,890 50 
 
 Fuel and light 392 96 
 
 Paid fees account 120 51 
 
 Reading Room 219 00 
 
 Laboratory 289 71 
 
 Gymnasium 792 07 
 
 Diplomas 268 90 
 
 Zoology 12 10 
 
 Annuities and interest payments 576 53 
 
 Tuition refunded 62 50 
 
 $ 21,405 78 
 
 Paid loan Theo. Dept 1,000 00 
 
 Brooklyn Law School income acc't 110 00 
 
 Cole Reading Room income acc't 359 00 
 
 Athletic Field 2,681 16 
 
 Carnegie Science Hall 40,853 63 
 
 Carnegie Science Hall fur. fund 1,265 80 
 
 Cash on hand: 
 
 First National Bank $ 3,013 33 
 
 St. Lawrence County Bank 9,593 98 
 
 $ 12,607 31 
 
 $117,125 31 
 
1 fie Laureniian 
 
 203 
 
 With the exception of the sura of $453.34 received from the estate 
 of Tellazeal Hedenburg and added to the scholarship fund already 
 received from this source, there have been no additions to the 
 endowment fund of the college department. 
 
 Of the $50,000 given by Andrew Carnegie for the erection of a 
 science hall on the campus, $45,000 has already been received by 
 the Treasurer and paid out to the various contractors as per detail 
 attached to this report. 
 
 The fund for providing furnishing for the new building, at the 
 time of closing the books for the annual audit, had reached the sum 
 of $1,472.09, but a number of new subscriptions have been received 
 since that time and the total sum of cash and pledges received to 
 date amounts to $2,074.00. 
 
 The generous gift of $10,000 by Mrs. Mar^-- A. Richardson for the 
 remodeling of the old college building, which was announced last 
 year, has been supplemented by the gift of another thousand dol- 
 lars by the same donor, and the full amount has been received by 
 the Treasurer. This insures the completion of the work in the most 
 thorough and satisfactory' manner, and Richardson Hall, as it will 
 now be called, will be second to none of the other buildings in point 
 of comfort and convenience. 
 
 The Treasurer has also to announce the receipt of $2,000 which 
 Mr. T. A. Weeks has added to his already generous gift of $6,000 
 for the completion of the athletic field, and it is expected that the 
 track will be built this summer and the field ready for use in the fall. 
 
 The expenses during the past year have amounted to $19,331 15 
 while the income available for use has amounted to 19,242 59 
 
 teaving a deficit of $ 88 56 
 
 There is, however, no actual deficit in the department, as the 
 amount of uncollected interest is greater than a year ago and more 
 than enough has been paid in since closing the books to make the 
 year's business show a profit. The receipts of interest, tuition, and 
 fees are about the same as last year's, and the fact that this depart- 
 ment has suffered no losses in its investments and that all its securi- 
 ties are producing income, makes possible so good a showing. 
 The endowment of the College of Letters and Science consists of 
 
 the following funds: 
 
 Alvinza Hayward Professorship $ 30,000 00 
 
 John Craig Professorship 25,000 00 
 
 Joseph W. Clowes 5,000 00 
 
 Lorena Bicknell 10,000 00 
 
 $50,000 subscription 50,000 00 
 
 Richmond Simmons 5,636 29 
 
 George C. Thomas 2,500 00 
 
 Columbus R. Cummings Professorship 25,000 00 
 
 Joseph Boardman Noble 250 00 
 
 Harriett Watson 660 65 
 
204 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 Phineas Taylor Barnum $ 1 ,000 00 
 
 Julia Avery 100 00 
 
 Jeremiah Davis 1 ,000 00 
 
 Edward S. Hoyt 3,342 13 
 
 James Henry Chapin Professorship 30,000 00 
 
 Woman's Professorship 32,688 42 
 
 Harriet Lewis Scholarship 4,000 00 
 
 Mary Elizabeth Newcomb Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Frances E. Steele 500 00 
 
 Julia A. Clark 232 50 
 
 Diadema Bordwell 5,000 00 
 
 General Endowment 200 00 
 
 Ephriam Howe Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Alvinza Hay ward Scholarship 1.000 00 
 
 Caroline S. Vogel Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 William D. Paris Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Frank S. and Chas. MacKenzie Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Sarah A. Jarvis Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Louisa J. Emerson Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Mary A. Weeks Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Almira J. Stratton Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 A. B. Hepburn Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Frederick A. Guiteau Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 N. G. Howe Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Bernard Peters Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Mary A. Richardson Scholarship 500 00 
 
 Warren Hedenburg Scholarship.. 2,453 34 
 
 Theresa Homet Patterson Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 J. L. Grandin Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 James Spears Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Edmund Millen Scholarship 1,000 00 
 
 Oscar and Maria Deniston Trust Fund 2,000 00 
 
 $255,063 33 
 
 This endowment is invested as follows: 
 Bonds and mortgages bearing 6% $ 19,803 01 
 
 5% 210,900 24 
 
 Land contracts *' 6% 1,082 74 
 
 5% 1,889 32 
 
 Notes 6% 200 00 
 
 5% 12 12 
 
 Bonds 5% 19,953 33 
 
 Brooklyn Law School " 6% 6,000 00 
 
 $259,840 76 
 
 These amounts represent the interest bearing securities of this 
 department, and the fact that the sum of the investments is greater 
 than the reported endowment is brought about by borrowing the 
 money from the university fund and carrying the securities pur- 
 chased among those of the college department for convenience in 
 handling and to avoid the possibility of having on hand the unin- 
 vested balance of a small fund. 
 
 The arrears of interest and tuition and all items of receipt and 
 expenditure are shown in the various exhibits attached to this report. 
 
The Laurenttan 
 
 205 
 
 STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES 
 
 Assets: 
 
 Land, buildings and collections $151,000 00 
 
 Bond and mortgage receivable account 230,703 25 
 
 Bonds 19,953 33 
 
 Land contracts 2,972 06 
 
 Unpaid subscriptions 5,606 64 
 
 Overdraft 5,942 99 
 
 Chapin-Andrews mineral collection 2,000 00 
 
 Real estate 1,350 00 
 
 Brooklyn Law School 6,000 00 
 
 Bills receivable 512 12 
 
 St. Lawrence County Bank 9,593 98 
 
 First National Bank 3,013 33 
 
 $438,647 70 
 
 Liabilities: 
 
 Capital stock $151,000 00 
 
 Bills payable 2,000 00 
 
 Endowment fund 254,563 33 
 
 Laboratory account 131 15 
 
 Cole Reading Room endowment fund 6,000 00 
 
 Brooklyn Law School income account 2,269 45 
 
 Prize funds 55 00 
 
 Athletic Field 2,159 75 
 
 Mary- A. Richardson building fund 11,000 00 
 
 Carnegie Science Hall 4,140 77 
 
 Carnegie Science Hall furnishing fund 206 29 
 
 University fund 5,000 00 
 
 Classical Library fund 122 00 
 
 $438,647 70 
 
 THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT 
 BALANCE SHEET 
 
 April 30th, 1906. 
 
 RECEIPTS 
 
 Cash on hand May 1st, 1905 $ 1,969 20 
 
 Principal Paid on Investments : 
 
 Bond and mortgage $ 11,492 95 
 
 Land contracts 240 00 
 
 University Fund loan 2,000 00 
 
 College Dept. " 1,000 00 
 
 L. P. Hale adm. " 5,000 00 
 
 $ 19,732 95 
 
 Income available for use: 
 
 Interest $ 7,630 06 
 
 Diplomas 25 00 
 
 Reference library 55 00 
 
 Rent President's house 300 00 
 
 University Fund, income 300 00 
 
 Two-thirds joint expen.se 1,493 32 
 
 Rent, Lee property 118 50 
 
 $ 9,921 88 
 
2o6 The Laurentian 
 
 Brought forward $ 9,921 88 
 
 Almeda and Porter Wheeler Trust fund 1,273 30 
 
 Theo. School furnishing fund 177 00 
 
 Refund for books 10 19 
 
 $ 33,084 52 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS 
 
 Invested in bond and mortgage securities $ 5,956 32 
 
 Paid loan L. P. Hale adm 5,000 00 
 
 " College Dept 1,000 00 
 
 Loss of principal, three mortgages 1,302 78 
 
 Expense $ 482 20 
 
 Joint expense 2,539 99 
 
 Repairs 158 98 
 
 Aid to students 197 50 
 
 Fuel and light 202 26 
 
 Diplomas 19 75 
 
 Reference library 8 20 
 
 Interest, payments and annuities 358 80 
 
 Salaries 6,443 00 
 
 John S. Lee property, repairs 281 90 
 
 $ 10,692 58 
 
 Real estate, J. S. Lee property 5,500 00 
 
 Theo. School furnishing fund 50 00 
 
 Cash on hand First National Bank 3,582 84 
 
 $ 33,084 52 
 
 During the past year there have been no additions to the endow- 
 ment fund, but the fund known as the Almeda and Porter Wheeler 
 Trust Fund has been increased by the receipt of $1,273.30 from the 
 First Universalist Church Society of Springville, N. Y., making the 
 present total $3,763.94. The income received from this fund is 
 returned to the society at Springville, so that no benefit is derived 
 from it at this time, but, as reported last year, should the society at 
 any time cease to exist as an active corporation, the entire principal 
 sum becomes the property of the Theological School. 
 
 This department has again suffered a loss of principal on three 
 of the old mortgages dating back to 1888, which were taken from 
 The Lombard Investment Co., and which have been carried on the 
 Treasurer's books as assets but have produced no income for 
 more than thirteen years. The sura invested in these mortgages 
 amounted to $1,500.00; the sum realized from the sale of the prop- 
 erty amounted to $197.22, making the loss of principal $1,302.78. 
 
 There still remain in this department mortgages of this character 
 to the amount of $2,450.00, which have produced no income for 
 years and are of very doubtful value. 
 
 The fund started during the year for refurnishing and refinish- 
 ing Fisher Hall, at the time of closing the books amounted to $177, 
 but several sub.scriptions have been received since, bringing the 
 total amount up to $287.50. The money has been expended under 
 the direct supervision of President Gunnison. 
 
The Laurentian 207 
 
 The expenses for the past year have amounted to $8,220 42 
 
 while the income available for use has amounted to 7,576 51 
 
 leaving a deficit of $ 643 91 
 
 This unusual deficit is due to the fact that the interest receipts 
 are less than a year ago, the old arrears of interest being now nearly 
 all collected, and also to the fact that the $5,5oo invested in the 
 John S. Lee property has produced no income, the money spent 
 for necessary repairs having considerably exceeded the amount 
 received for rent. 
 
 The expenses of the University which fall jointly on the College 
 department and the Theological department were originally divided 
 equally, but a few years ago, two-thirds of this was imposed on the 
 College and only one-third required of the Theological School. It 
 may be necessary to make a still further division of this joint 
 expense unless the productive funds can be increased. 
 
 The endowment of the Theological School consists of the follow- 
 
 ing funds: 
 
 Charles A. Ropes $ 5,000 00 
 
 Augustus D. Moore Professorship 25,000 00 
 
 John Craig Professorship 25,000 00 
 
 George A. Dockstader Professorship 10,000 00 
 
 Thomas A. Goddard 3,000 00 
 
 Sarah A. Gage 37,456 00 
 
 Lester Taylor 4,000 00 
 
 William H. Ryder Professorship 32,808 40 
 
 Nancy Burton 1,000 00 
 
 David I. Stagg 5,018 61 
 
 Luna A. Davis 666 69 
 
 Mary A. Gunn 2,000 00 
 
 Frances E. Steele 500 00 
 
 Julia A. Clark 232 50 
 
 Sidney U. Main 2,000 00 
 
 Moses D. Cummings 1,150 52 
 
 Mary A. Pratt 500 00 
 
 Lyman Bickford library fund 1,000 00 
 
 Mrs. Mary A. Richardson 24,000 00 
 
 General endowment 1,400 00 
 
 $181,732 72 
 
 These funds are invested as follows: 
 
 Bonds and mortgages bearing 6% interest $ 10,770 00 
 
 5% " 117,669 12 
 
 Notes " 6% " 5,110 00 
 
 Land contracts " 5% " 1,900 00 
 
 Western mortgages " no " 2,450 00 
 
 Railroad bonds " 5% " 2,000 00 
 
 4% " 4,88125 
 
 U. S. of Mexico bonds " 5% " 5,026 67 
 
 Railroad stock " 7% " 100 00 
 
 President's house 5,000 00 
 
 John S. Lee property 5,500 00 
 
 $150,407 04 
 
2o8 2 he Laurentian 
 
 The balance of the reported endowment consists of cash on hand, 
 overdraft and sundry other items connected with old western invest- 
 ments. The arrears of interest amount to $729.15, and the details 
 together with all the items of receipt and expenditure are given in 
 the various exhibits attached to this report. 
 
 STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES 
 
 Assets: 
 
 First National Bank $ 3,582 84 
 
 Stocks and bonds 12,007 92 
 
 Notes 5,110 00 
 
 Bonds and mortgages 128,439 12 
 
 Land contracts 1,900 00 
 
 President's house 5,000 00 
 
 Missouri Valley Trust Co 341 46 
 
 Overdraft 25,711 77 
 
 John S. Lee property account 163 40 
 
 Real estate 5,500 00 
 
 $187,756 51 
 
 Liabilities: 
 
 Endowment fund $181,732 72 
 
 Reference library 132 85 
 
 Almeda and Porter Wheeler trust fund; 3,763 94 
 
 Fisher Hall furnishing fund 127 00 
 
 University fund 2,000 00 
 
 $187,756 51 
 
 UNIVERSITY FUND 
 
 This fund, reported last year at $5,000.00, has been increased by 
 the receipt of $2,000.00 from the estate of Susan VanDuzen Hobbe 
 and $5,000.00 from Ambrose R. Fenner, of New Berlin, N. Y. The 
 latter sum, however, is not available for use, as interest on the full 
 amount, computed at 6%, must be paid to Mr. Fenner during his 
 life, and in the event of his death before that of his wife the same 
 income must be paid to her as long as she lives. Thereafter the 
 money becomes the property of the University. 
 
 The total available income for the past year has amounted to 
 $300.00 and has been placed to the credit of the joint expense 
 account, as may be noted elsewhere. 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 The endowment fund of Herring Library remains at $1,000.00 as 
 reported last year. This sum is invested in a mortgage bearing 
 5% interest, and the interest is paid regularly and placed to the 
 credit of the available income account. During the year the library 
 has received from George K. Hawkins a gift of $25.00, and the 
 income account has been credited with a refund of $35.60 from the 
 reading room, bringing the total amount of available income for 
 the year up to $164.95. This includes the sum of $54.35 carried for- 
 ward from last year. The expenses for the year have amounted to 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 2og 
 
 $73.73, leaving a balance of cash on hand at the end of the year of 
 $91.22, which sum is on deposit in the St. Lawrence County Bank. 
 
 Numerous gifts of books have been received during the year, 
 notable among which are, a set of books costing $350.00 and pre- 
 sented by Mrs. Mary A. Richardson, Worcester, Mass, one hundred 
 books from the Church of our Father, Brooklyn, and forty books 
 from T. H. Potterton, D.D., of Brooklyn. 
 
 CLINTON LIBERAL INSTITUTE 
 
 BALANCE SHEET 
 
 April 30, 1906. 
 
 RECEIPTS 
 
 Cash on hand May 1st, 1905 $ 7 70 
 
 From interest on investments $1,901 72 
 
 From principal paid on investments 2,750 00 
 
 $ 4,651 72 
 
 $ 4,659 42 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS 
 
 Paid college department for current expenses. . ..$1,901 72 
 
 Invested in bond and mortgage securities 2,400 00 
 
 $ 4,301 72 
 
 Cash on hand First National Bank 357 70 
 
 $ 4,659 42 
 
 The endowment of the Clinton Liberal Institute consists of the 
 following funds: 
 
 H. B. Fellows fund $ 3,000 00 
 
 H. C. Adams fund 213 96 
 
 Craig fund 25,000 00 
 
 Howe Fund 10,000 00 
 
 General endowment fund 1,786 04 
 
 $40,000 00 
 
 These funds are invested as follows: 
 
 Bonds and mortgages bearing 6% interest $ 1,500 00 
 
 '* " 5% " 35,175 00 
 
 Note " 5% 2,967 30 
 
 $39,642 30 
 
 The whole property of the University is estimated as follows: 
 
 Lands, buildings and collections $151,000 00 
 
 Endowment Funds: 
 
 College of Letters and Science $255,063 33 
 
 Theological School 181,732 72 
 
 Herring Library 1,000 00 
 
 Cole Reading Room 6,000 00 
 
 University fund 7,000 00 
 
 Clinton Liberal Institute 40,000 00 
 
 $490,769 05 
 
 $641,769 05 
 
2IO 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 THE BROOKLYN LAW SCHOOL 
 BALANCE SHEET 
 
 For Year Ending April 30, 1906. 
 
 Resources: 
 
 Subscription Account $50,000 00 
 
 Library (Inventory) 3,855 15 
 
 Furniture and Fixtures (Inventory) 1,243 29 
 
 Bills Receivable (Students' Notes) 344 00 
 
 Tuition (Due April 1, 1906, unpaid) 993 00 
 
 Cash, Nassau Trust Co $5,014 43 
 
 On hand 113 76 5,128 19 
 
 $61,563 63 
 
 Liabilities: 
 
 Capital Stock $50,000 00 
 
 Undivided Profits 6,825 18 
 
 Edward Thompson Co 129 00 
 
 56,954 18 
 
 Net Profit for Year Ending April 30, 1906 $ 4,609 45 
 
 Receipts: 
 
 Tuition $21,607 50 
 
 Commencement 1905 74 75 
 
 $21,682 25 
 
 Disbursements : 
 
 Circulars and Advertising $ 394 50 
 
 Salaries 10,442 48 
 
 Loss and Gain 10 00 
 
 Furniture and Fixtures 100 00 
 
 Insurance 15 39 
 
 Interest 222 53 
 
 Discount 15 33 
 
 Expense 4,579 09 
 
 Commission, 6% on gross tuition receipts from 
 
 April 30, 1905, to April 30, 1906. . .$21,558 00 1,293 48 
 
 $17,072 80 
 
 Net Profits for Year Ending April 30, 1906 $ 4,609 45 
 
 Certificate of auditor appointed by the Executive Committee to 
 exaimine the accounts of the Treasurer. 
 
 Canton, N. Y., May 19, 1906. 
 
 To the Executive Committee, 
 
 St. Lawrence University, 
 
 Canton, N. Y. 
 
 Gentlemen: — 
 
 In accordance with the request of said committee, I beg leave to 
 certify that, having examined the books, records, securities, insur- 
 ance policies, and the report of the Treasurer of vSt. Lawrence Uni- 
 versity for the fiscal year ending April 30th, 1906, I find the same to 
 be correct and the financial condition as stated in his report. 
 
 William H. Craig, Auditor. 
 
7 he Laurentian 
 
 211 
 
 COMMENCEMENT OF THE LAW SCHOOL 
 
 The Commencement of the Law School took place in 
 one of the largest theatres in Brooklyn, and this was packed 
 to its utmost capacity. The graduating class numbered 
 eighty-five. A large orchestra was in attendance, and the 
 stage was elaborately decorated with the college colors, plants 
 and flowers. The private boxes were eccupied by the va- 
 rious fraternities, who added much to the life of the exer- 
 cises by their cheers. President Gunnison presided and 
 conferred the degrees. Justice Samuel Maddox delivered 
 the address to the graduating class, and Dean Richardson 
 announced the various prizes. The Faculty, Trustees, and 
 distinguished guests occupied the platform. The exer- 
 cises were characterized by the most enthusiastic spirit, 
 caused by the large class and the bright prospects for the 
 future. The school is now the third largest law school in 
 the State. 
 
 CARNEGIE SCIENCE HALL 
 
 The Carnegie Science Hall is an imposing building 
 erected of brick with Indiana stone trimmings. It is plain 
 but dignified, and admirably adapted to its uses. The 
 principal ornamentation is in the main entrance, which 
 consists of an outside porch supported by stone columns. 
 The building is well lighted, the halls are spacious, and 
 the recitation rooms commodious. The interior finish is of 
 North Carolina pine, stained dark. The rooms are fur- 
 nished with opera-chair tablet seats, and no reasonable 
 expense has been spared in the equipment and furniture. 
 The building contains a large museum, photographic, 
 photometric, and assay rooms, ample laboratories for 
 physics, chemistry, and biology, a work-room with engine, 
 dynamo, lathes, etc., and rooms for the use of the Weather 
 Bureau. There is also a private room for every professor. 
 The building is one hundred and fourteen feet long and 
 fifty-seven feet wide. It has been built in the most 
 thorough manner. There is a large heating plant in the 
 basement, and all the rooms are lighted by electricity. 
 
212 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL 
 
 A few days before commencement, Governor Higgins 
 put his signature to tfie bill establishing an Agricultural 
 Department in connection with the University. The bill 
 appropriated ^80,000 for the making of the plant, the 
 State to provide in addition an annual maintenance fund. 
 The school will be established at the earliest practicable 
 moment. The building will be erected on the land directly 
 opposite the new Athletic Field, and will be an admirable 
 piece of architecture in every way suited to its use. An 
 option has already been secured on the adjoining Bassett 
 farm, which extends from the present University grounds 
 to the river. The intelligence of the establishment of this 
 new department, with the completion of the Carnegie Sci- 
 ence Hall and the proposed immediate reconstruction of 
 the old college building, added much to the enthusiasm of 
 commencement. 
 
 REUNION OF THE CLASS OF 1896 
 
 A particularly pleasant feature of commencement week 
 was the reunion meeting of the class of 1896, held on 
 Tuesday. This class, with nineteen members now living, 
 brought eleven to the reunion at the tenth anniversary, 
 those present being Frank J. Arnold, James C. Dolan, 
 William J. Heckles, Leslie J. Johnson, Charles McCor- 
 mick, Lelia H. Merriman, Katherine E. Moog, George H. 
 Partridge, Florence Storrs-Lynch, Katherine Tallman- 
 Townsend, Mary Traver-Ladd. 
 
 The meeting organized with James C. Dolan as chairman 
 and Frank J. Arnold as secretary. 
 
 Miss Katherine Moog, of Baltimore, Md. , was awarded 
 tlie palm for coming the greatest distance. A canvass of 
 the class furnished the following statistics: Teachers, 
 eight; lawyers, three; one clergyman; one newspaper man; 
 business men, three; married, ten; number of children, 
 seven. 
 
 After an hour spent in reminiscences and an exchange 
 of experiences, the matter of a class memorial scholarship 
 
The Laurentian 
 
 was brought up and enthusiastically received. It was 
 voted unanimously to found such a scholarship — the first 
 class scholarship in the history of the University. Five hun- 
 dred and fifty dollars were pledged at the meeting, and a 
 committee consisting of Frank J. Arnold, of Brooklyn, 
 George H. Partridge, of New York, and KatherineE. Moog, 
 of Baltimore, was appointed to raise the remainder of the 
 fund. Charles B. McCormick, of Watertown, and James 
 C. Dolan, of Gouverneur, were appointed to draw up the 
 necessary legal papers. The resolve of the class and the 
 encouraging progress made toward its accomplishment 
 were announced at the Alumni Anniversary Reunion on 
 the evening of the same day. (See page 183). 
 
 WORTH PICKETT ABBOTT 
 
 On June seventh, at Cranberry Lake, occurred the death 
 of Worth Pickett Abbott. Mr. Abbott was twenty-seven 
 years old. He was one of the honor men of his class in St. 
 Lawrence University, graduating in 1900, where he was an 
 active and much esteemed member of Beta Zeta chapter 
 of Beta Theta Pi. After graduation he went to New York 
 to enter a law school, but symptoms of consumption, the 
 disease of which he died, soon showed themselves, and he 
 returned to his home in Gouverneur. In 1902 he married 
 Miss Helen Probst, who was a member of his class in St. 
 Lawrence. They soon moved to Cranberry Lake, where his 
 father, Hon. V. P. Abbott, had large lumber interests. At 
 the Lake he represented the Adirondack Lumber Company, 
 was Secretary of the Abbott Lumber Company, and Vice- 
 President of the Gouverneur Lumber Company. His 
 health continued to fail, and in 1904 he and his wife went 
 to Arizona, where for a time he experienced benefit. They 
 later returned to the east, and have since resided mainly at 
 the Lake, but spent, a portion of their time in Rochester, the 
 former home of Mrs. Abbott, and at Gouverneur. The 
 funeral, at which many of his classmates and college 
 friends were present, was held at the home of his parents 
 in Gouverneur on Saturday, June 9. He was a remarkably 
 
214 
 
 The Laurentian 
 
 likeable young man, and gathered to himself friends every- 
 where. He was a leader in college, quiet, unassuming, 
 but forceful. The many friends of his widow, and of Hon. 
 and Mrs. Abbott, tender their heartfelt sympathy. 
 
 COLLEGE NOTES 
 
 Copies of this issue may be had on application to the 
 Business Manager, Ogden Conkey, whose address for the 
 summer is Canton. The price is twenty cents per copy. 
 
 At Gouverneur, N. Y., July twenty-fifth, occurred the 
 marriage of Kate Louise Sudds 'oi, only daughter of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Henry Sudds, and Almon Lytle 'oi, of Buffalo, at the 
 home of her parents in the presence of about thirty relatives 
 and friends. 
 
 Beta chapter of Delta Delta Delta spent a week at Mic 
 Mac Shac camp. Lake Ozonia, as the guests of Miss 
 Florence O'Neil, 'og. Thence they went to the convention 
 in Syracuse, where the chapter was represented by eleven 
 of the active chapter and thirteen of the alumnae. 
 
 The work of remodeling the interior of Richardson Hall 
 is well underway. Already the tearing out of the old par- 
 titions is finished and the work of building up has begun. 
 Since commencement the generous friend whose name the 
 building now bears has added $3200 to her previous gifts. 
 
 Miss Florence L. Morrison and Mr. Edward Anthony 
 Adler were united in marriage on Wednesday, June 6, the 
 ceremony being at Boston. They will make their home at 
 499 Audubon Road, Boston. Mr. Adler was a member of 
 the class of '95, and after graduation here pursued his pro- 
 fessional studies in the Harvard Law School. He is now 
 a successful lawyer in the New England metropolis. 
 
 The Board of Editors for the year beginning with this 
 issue is as follows: Editor-in-Chief, William E. Sims, '07; 
 Assistant Editor, Fred C. Leining, '08; Associate Editors, 
 Marion Cummings, '07, Mary R. Per Lee, '07, Royal S. 
 Milligan, '08, Lou L. Heaton, '05; Business Manager, 
 Ogden F. Conkey, '08; Assistant Business Manager, Mel- 
 ford L. Brown, '08. 
 
Aaveriisements 
 
 Remiiigton's 
 
 Miner Block, Main, con Court Street 
 
 5 The oldest and largest Clothing establishment in St, \ 
 Lawrence county, is where College Men buy their \ 
 
 C lotbing ♦ ♦ ♦ b 
 
 Ready to Wear and Made to Measure 
 
 GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS, 
 HATS AND CAPS, 
 
 DRESS SUITS A SPECIALTY 
 
 Oy TJ^ have a Shop on Main street, just opposite the 
 Park. If you look, you'll see their sign-board. 
 It's hung on the Marble Block — second floor. 
 
 Here they make Photographs and Frames, cheerfully and 
 well, because they're cheerful fellows, fond of their work. 
 
 You should visit their Shop; it's always replete with up- 
 to-date samples of Photographs and Frames — Oj. TJ^ 
 products you may sometimes require — products of 
 
Advertisements 
 
 Established in 1887. 
 
 CI)e ^trst national 3ank of ^axxion 
 
 Capital $100,000 
 
 Surplus $ 60,000 
 
 REUBEN T. WELLS, President 
 
 WRILEY N. BEARD, Cashier and Vice President 
 
 Accounts of college students will receive our best attention 
 
 The Delmonico Restaurant 
 
 Meals at all hours. Full course dinner from 11 a. m. to 3 p. m., 25c. Oysters in 
 every style. Parties served on short notice. Meals a la carte. 
 
 I=^^DE)I_^ES and OA^RS 
 
 Woodworking of all kinds promptly done at 
 
 P.H.Mccormick McCORMlCK & MAIN Geo. L. Main 
 
 General Hardware, Tinning and Plumbing-, Hot Water, Steam Heating and 
 Steel Ceiling Work. Particular attention paid to Job Work, 
 Cisterns, Pumps, Etc. 
 Corner Main and Water Streets. Canton, N. Y. 
 
 Practical Jeweler and Optician. Dealer in Diamonds, Watches and Pine Jewelry. 
 
 REPAIRING A SPECIALTY 
 Also St4itionery, Books, School Supplies, Umbrellas, Cut Glass, Fancy China, etc* 
 Matthews Block, Main Street, Canton, N. Y. 
 
 INdilSS P'^IOE'S well known J^TtT STORE 
 is a. veritable free museum. Novelties suitable for the holidays and all 
 
 all other days. College girls especially invited to call. 
 No. 76 Main Street Opposite the Park 
 
 THE COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER 
 
 Hodskin Street, Canton, N. Y. Gives all the College news. 
 
 F"INE> JOB t^I^INTINO 
 
Advertisements 
 
 HOWE tBFeOTHEFiS 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Hardware, Dairy Supplies, Implements 
 
 STOVES AND FURNACES 
 Tinware, Mechanics' Tools, Sporting Goods, ^'c. 
 Job Work Promptly Done Cor. Main and Hodskin Sts., Canton 
 
 HECKLES & EGGLESTON 
 
 Dealers in Groceries and Provisions, Confectionary, Fruits, Cigars, 
 Tobacco, Etc. 
 
 Getman Block South Side Main Street 
 
 DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, CARPETS, ETC., ETC. 
 
 Our stock is up to date and the prices are attractive. 
 Agents for the P. Centeraeri Kid Gloves and Bissell's Carpet Sweepers. 
 Special Bargains for College Trade. 
 
 GEORGE M. STUART 
 Plumbing, Heating, Roofing, General Jobbing 
 
 DRURY BLOCK. MAIN STREET 
 
 Stationery, Athletic Goods, Pennants, Books and 
 School Supplies. 
 
 Mrs* Alex. Milne, Cateress 
 
 Special Attention to CoUegfe Parties, Banquets, Weddings, &c. 
 
 Number 6 Pine Street, Canton 
 
Advertisements 
 
 Established in 1816 Hates, Two Dollars 
 
 The American House 
 
 CANTON, N. Y. 
 LaRue & Sargent ----- Proprietors 
 E'ree Buss to all Trains Livery in Connection 
 
 THE FISK TEACHERS' AGENCIES. 
 
 New York, Boston, Chicago, etc. 
 
 Especially serviceable to College graduates by reason of large patron- 
 age among the better class of High Schools aud Private Schools. Send 
 for circulars. 
 
 H. E. Crocker. ) 
 New York Office W. D. Kerr, \ Managers 
 
 156 Fifth Ave. P. V. Huyssoon, ) 
 
 SEE ABNER ALDRICH 
 
 FOR YOUR 
 
 Staple and Fanqr Groceries at Low Prices 
 
 Next Door to Howe Bros. Main Street, Canton 
 
 Seniors Going Into Business or Technical Work 
 
 Should write us to-day for full information concerning desirable positions in 
 all parts of the country. We already have 1,271 definite places for College, 
 University and Technical School graduates to begin work in July or Septem- 
 ber and the list is growing daily. A choice of the best opportunities is 
 yours if you write us at once, stating age, course taken, practical experience 
 if any, and line of work preferred. 
 
 The National Organization of Brain Brokers 
 309 Broadway, New York City 
 Offices in Other Cities. 
 
 UL. A. OIBBOlSrS, iniorist 
 
 Cut Flowers and Plants always on hand, at reasonable prices. Orders 
 for parties and banquets promptly attended to. Remember the "New 
 Floral Store," at the corner of Lincoln and Mechanic streets. 
 
Adveriisetnents 
 
 For college Students. Stamped with originality. Every- 
 thing to make a student's room unique and artistic. Up-to- 
 date wall papers, borders, frescoes, burlaps, etc. Our 
 work is "all right." Our prices are <*all right." 
 
 Homer B. Townsend, Canton, N. Y. 
 
 Moat modern and up-to-date barber shop in Northern New York. Electric 
 massage machine and compressed air. Also shoe shining. 
 
 L. E. Cornell, Proprietor Canton, N. Y. 
 
 COOK &i SMITH 
 
 GENERAL MACHINISTS 
 
 Boilers, Steam and Gasoline Engines, Bicycles and Bicycle 
 Repairing, Automobiles and Repairs, Pulleys, Hangers, Etc. 
 
 WATER STREET, CANTON, N. Y. 
 
 THE WHITMARSH CASH STORE 
 
 Go to the Whitraarsh Cash Store for Ladie's Gloves, Belts, Bags, Under- 
 wear, Hosiery, etc. Also for Gent's Hosiery, Underwear, 
 Collars, Ties, Handkerchiefs, etc. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY BANK, CANTON, N. Y. 
 
 Having ample facilities for the transaction of all business entrusted to us, the 
 
 accounts of corporations, firms and individuals arc solicited. 
 JAMES SPEARS, President S. D. KIMBALL, Cashier 
 
 M. D. PACKARD, Vice President C. S. COOK, Asst. Cashier 
 
 Is headquarters for Men's and Boys Clothing and Furnisning Goods His line 
 comprises the celebrated W. G. «& B. guaranteed clothing, the Gold and Silver 
 Shirts, Collars and Cuffs and the Franklin Hat. Give him a call. 
 
 No. 1 1 John Street, New Vork 
 OFFICIAL FRATERNITY JEWELER 
 Maker of High Grade and Artistic Goods Pertaining to College and Fra- 
 ternity Insignia and Devices. Designs and Estimates for Special Work. 
 
Advertisements 
 
 CONKEY 
 
 The Druggist 
 
 Sells 
 
 WALLACE'S FINE CANDIES 
 
 DELICIOUS SODA WATER, hot and cold 
 
 CIGARS AND TOBACCOS, popular brands 
 
 TOILET ARTICLES, all the nice things 
 necessary for comfort and elegance. 
 
 Main Street, opposite the American House 
 
 The. 
 
 Leading 
 Shoe Dealers 
 In Canton 
 
 For the last forty years 
 
 )• B. Ellsworth & Son 
 
 CLELAND AUSTIN 
 
 CARPETS, CLOAKS AND DRESSMAKING 
 Headquarters for College Trade 
 MATTHEWS BLOCK, MAIN STREET. CANTON 
 
 Livery and Sale Stable 
 
 AT AMERICAN HOUSE BARNS, CANTON 
 
 frPOraP AA/" T;irtr F^^^ Pastries, Bread,- 
 
 VjeOrge VV^jaCK ^Ice Cream, Lunches 
 
 and, in fact, everything in their line, on short notice. Orders for parties 
 and banquets promptly attended to. College patronage especially solic- 
 ited. At the City Bakery, south side Main street, Canton. 
 
Advertisemenis 
 
 C. E. BROEFFLE 
 
 Don't fail to see 
 
 la Sole Agent in Canton for 
 
 L. W. Eldredge's 
 
 F«e;cl Sum Teca 
 
 Designs and get his Prices 
 before ordering 
 
 Memorial 
 
 Work 
 
 The Pratt Teachers' Agency 
 
 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEVy/ YORK 
 
 Recommends college and normal school graduates, special- 
 ists and other teachers to colleges, public and private schools. 
 
 The agency receives many calls from all parts of the 
 country for college graduates, with or without experience. 
 
 XVe IVTacle^ It It I« PvJlg^l-.t" 
 
 OflBcial Jewelers of the Leading Colleges, Schools and Associations 
 
 CLASS PINS, FRATERNITY PINS, MEDALS 
 CUPS, WATCHES, DIAMONDS, JEWELRY 
 
 SB Jotin Street, ISTew ITorlsL 
 
 "The Golden 5hoe" 
 
 
 Has style, it has quality too, and it fits, three. Get it. 
 
 WM. O. PRATT, Manager. 
 
A dvertisements 
 
 Model Steam Laundry 
 
 \Z Court Street^ Canton-^^ 
 
 .^^College Trade a Specialty. 
 
 W. C. CASE, Proprietor. 
 
 , <><>0<>00<>00<><><><><><X><> 
 
 ^ W. E. DUNN S SON ^ 
 
 IBLE PROVIDERS 
 
 ^ W. E. DUNN S SON ^ 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO' 
 
 Proprietor of the 
 
 Canton Packing Company 
 
 Choice Fresh and Salt MeatSy Poultry and Fish 
 Vegetables in their Season 
 
 Donihee & Baker Block Canton, New York 
 
 h NEW YOEK, ONTAKIO AND WESTEEN 9 
 
 h CELEBRATED 
 
 X Lackawana Valley and White Asb Goal! \ 
 
 ^ NONE BETTER. 6 
 
 Opera House Bldg. .A.. J". ILj^I^Hi Canton, New York 6 
 
 FOR THE STUDENTS! 
 
 St. Lawrence students should patronize, as far as pos- 
 sible, those who advertise in The Laurentian. The 
 financial success of the magazine is in a measure depend- 
 ent on the income derived from advertisements, and such 
 a favor will be very gratifying to the manager and also 
 to the advertisers. They will endeavor to please you. 
 
A dvertisenients 
 
 St. Cawrence piamacakr 
 
 CANTON, N. Y. 
 
 Eight Seven- Co Imnn Pages Published Every Wednesday 
 
 University and other Local News a specialty 
 Subscription $i.oo a year in advance; $1.15 outside St. Lawrence county 
 
 FINE COLLEGE PRINTING A SPECIALTY 
 
 ARTOGRAPHY— The New Photographic Art 
 
 Gives the PORTRAIT every appearance of a Sketch: 
 that breezy lack of precision effect. 
 
 RUNIONS-Maker of fine Photography of every description-RUNIONS 
 
 The Runions Block, Canton, N. Y. 
 
 -p. 1 promptly attended to if left at B. S. 
 
 OaQ^Q'B.^'C vJrderS Stevens' Store. Dealer in Shingles, 
 00 & Brick and Cement. C. H. ROGERS. 
 
 m 
 
 Intercollegiate Bureau of Academic Costume 
 
 COTRELL & LEONARD 
 
 472;4-6-8 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. 
 
 Makers of Caps, Gowns and Hoods to the 
 American Colleges and Universities 
 
 illustrated bulletin, samples, etc., upon application 
 
 THOMAS BURKE 
 
 Livery, Sale and Exchange Stables 
 
 Haven House Barns, Main Street, Canton 
 First-Class Turnouts .-. Careful Drivers Reasonable Prices 
 
 Goodnough's Drug Store 
 
 The only placeVin town to get Hot Sodas and 
 Lowney's Chocolates 
 
Advertisements 
 
 DR. C. D. LAIDLAW 
 Canton, N. Y. 
 Office at residence, corner Main and Miner Streets 
 Office hours— 8 to 10a. m.; 1 to 4 p. m.; 7 to 9 p. ra. 
 
 DR. LUCIA E. HEATON 
 
 Canton, N. Y. 
 Office Hours- 3 to 4 and 6:30 to 7:30 p. m. 
 
 CEYLON G. CHANEY 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law 
 Canton, N. Y. 
 
 F. F. WILLIAMS, M. D. 
 Canton, N. Y. 
 
 Kesidence, No. 6, Goodrich Street Office, No. 70J^ Main Street 
 
 Office Hours— I to 3 and 7 to 8 p. m. Sundays— 3 to 4 p. m., only. 
 
 Poultry, Sausage, Game, Fish, Lard, 
 Fresh, Smoked and Salt Meats, etc. 
 
 F. M. GARDNER ALEX. VEITCH 
 
 GARDNER & VEITCH 
 
 Contractors and Builders, Manufacturers of Sash, Doors and Blinds 
 
 CANTON, N. Y. 
 
 MRS. R. H. ROULSTON 
 Fine Display of Millinery. The Very Latest and Best 
 
 Drury Block Opp. Park College Girls Especially Requested to Call 
 
 Dr. FRED HOSLEY, Dr. L. V. SHERMAN, Jr. 
 
 DENTISTS ^ 
 
 Over the City Bakery South side Main Street Canton, New York 
 
A dvertisements 
 
 XA A nfT A TV 7 sells the laiuoiis STEIN -BLOCH WHOLESALE- 
 /Y\ A I I ^ A \a/ 'A'A I LO U E USUI TS a N D O V ERCO ATS, prices $15 
 * toif;;};'). Also the celebrated YOUNGS HATS at i;3, 
 
 and a flue lino of GENTS' FUUNISHINGS. Specialty of Full Dress Suits 
 and the W. L. Dou>?la8 $3.50 Shoe. A discount of 10%, FOR CASH to all Pro- 
 fessors and Students only. 
 
 Canton's Reliable Clothier, Furnisher and Shoe Dealer 
 Complete Lines in all Departments J 0,760 Square Feet of Floor Space 
 
 GEORGE H. GILMORE 
 FURNITURE AND UNDERTAKING 
 
 Established in J 867 Hodskin Street, Canton, N. Y. 
 
 WILLIAM W. WHEELOCK GEORGE B. SHATTUCK FREDEKICK J. NEWEY 
 
 WHEELOCK & SHATTUCK 
 Lawyers 
 
 Telephone Central 1053 i2oi Unity Building, Chicago 
 
 FOSTER L. BACKUS 
 
 Counselor at Law 
 Telephone, 136 Main 16 Court Street 
 
 Cable Address, "Backus" Borough of Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 
 Law Office of 
 
 HARRIS, CORWIN, GUNNISON & MEYERS 
 
 150 Nassau St., New York. 
 
 Clinton S. Harris. Frederick E. Gunnison. 
 
 John Howard Corwin. John G. H. Meyers. 
 
 Dr. J. R. POWELL, Dentist 
 
 Office over D. M. Jordan's, South side Main Street 
 
 Dr. Tyler, Dentist, 
 
 Over E. L. Heaton's Jewelry 
 Store, Main Street, Canton. 
 Twenty Years Experience. 
 
 Newly fitted apartments in the corner room over Remington's store 
 Corner of Court and Main Streets, Canton, N. Y. 
 
A dvertisements 
 
 LAUREL FLOUR 
 
 Edmands' 1775 & Spurr's 
 Revere Coffees, Marvelli 
 Macaroni and Auerbach's 
 line of Fine loc. Candies 
 are exclusively sold in 
 connection with Choicest 
 Groceries by 
 
 A. M. ALDRICH 
 
 Cor. Court and flain Streets 
 CANTON, N. Y. 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 Telephone Connections. Orders left at A. M. Aldrich's Grocery. 
 
 UP-TO-DATE 
 
 CIGAR 
 
 STORE 
 
 Cigars Cigarettes 
 
 Pipes 
 
 Tobaccoes 
 
 Upper Main Street 
 
 
 Dan O'Neil 
 
 DO YOU KNOW 
 
 That the best way to secure a position as Teacher is to register in the 
 
 ALBANY TEACHERS' AGENCY 
 
 If you do not know this, send for our illustrated manual and see what is said 
 of us by teachers who have secured positions through our aid. We have been 
 especially successful in finding' positions for inexperienced teachers, and are al- 
 ways glad to enroll the nuraes of yonng men and women who are just about to 
 graduate from coneg;c. No agency in the country gives more faithful service 
 or 8ecur€}S positions for a larger proportion of its candidates. Calls for teachers 
 are coming in every day in the year, and they come from every state in the 
 Union. Now is the time to register. Send for illustrated manual and regis- 
 tration blank. HAKLAN P. FKENCli, Proprietor, 
 
 81 Cliapel Street, Albany, N. Y. 
 
 One of the finest and best equipped. Special attention and prices given 
 to clubs and fraternity houses. Telephone in connection. 
 
 E, L. HEATON 
 
 HE'S 
 THE JEWELER 
 
 Everything in his line 
 on hand. Repairing 
 and Optical Work. 
 
The Theological School 
 
 FOUNDED IN 1856 
 
 The Canton Theological School is the first foundation estab- 
 lished by the Universalist Church for the education of ministers. It has 
 graduated forty-eight classes and sent into the ministry over three hundred 
 and fifty clergymen. Its present equipment is the most complete in its 
 history. Besides its share in the University plant, it has a noble build- 
 ing, Fisher Hall, for its exclusive use. It has over 7,000 volumes in its 
 library, and invested funds to the amount of $146,000, with no debt. 
 
 The Faculty of The Thelogical School consists of the Rev. A. 
 Gunnison, D. D., President, and Dockstader Professor of Theology and 
 Ethics; the Rev. Henry P. Forbes, D. D., Craig Professor of Biblical 
 Languages and Literature; the Rev. George E. Huntley, Ryder 
 Professor of Pastoral Theology; the Rev. John Murray Atwood 
 A. M,, Richardson Professor of Biblical Theology. 
 
 The working year begins on the third Wednesday of September 
 and ends on the second Tuesday in June. Vacation of twenty-seven 
 days in winter and twelve weeks in summer. Tuition free. Two 
 courses: a Regular Course of three years; a Post-Graduate Course d£ 
 four years. The degree of Bachelor of Divinity is conferred upon those 
 who complete the four Years course. Students are received for a shorter 
 term when peculiar circumstances warrant it. Aid to a limited amount 
 is furnished to students who need it and are worthy of it. New studies 
 required by the current demands of religious thought and Biblical re- 
 search are introduced from year to year. 
 
 For more detailed information, address the President, or 
 
 Prof. HENRY P. FORBES, D. D. 
 
 Dean of he faculty 
 
3 0112 105931213 
 
 Q. E. Sims 5ells Ptenos 
 
 60 YEARS* 
 
 EXPEI^I£l40e. 
 
 Trade Marks 
 
 Di^SIGNS 
 
 Copyrights Ac. 
 
 Anyone sendlngr a sketch and description may 
 quickly ascertain our opinion free w nether an 
 invention la probably patentable. Conimunica- 
 tlons strictly confldentlul. HANDBOOK on Patents 
 Bent free. Oldest apency for securing patents. 
 
 Patents taken throuRh Munn & Co. receive 
 tpecial notice, without charge, in the 
 
 Scientific Jintericdm 
 
 A handsomely illustrated weekly. I^arsrest cir- 
 culation of any scientific Journal. Terms, |8 a 
 year ; four months, f L Sold by all newsdealers. 
 
 Branch Office, 625 F St., Washington. D. C. 
 
 Clothing cleaned, pressed and repaired. Agent for Wanamaker & 
 Brown's Clothing. 
 Over Matlmv's, Canton, N. V. 
 
 Get j^oiir Harnesses and Shoes repaired at 
 Manufacturer and dealer in all kinds of leather ^oods. 
 
 Dealer in all kinds of Bakery Goods, Cakes. Crackers, etc. Also a full 
 line of Choice Groceries,