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THE 
 
 GAZETTEER OF IRELAND: 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 THE LATEST INFORMATION FROM THE MOST 
 AUTHENTIC SOURCES. 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN PARKER LAWSON, M.A. 
 
 EDINBURGH : 
 
 THE EDINBURGH PRINTING & PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 GLASGOW : SMITH & SON ; AND JOHN M‘LEOD. 
 ABERDEEN : BROWN & CO. ; L. SMITH ; AND CLARK & SON. 
 DUBLIN : JOHN CUMMING. BELFAST : W. M'COMB. 
 LONDON: SMITH, ELDER, & CO. 
 
 M.DCCC.XLII. 
 
? 
 
 2 . 
 
 £ 
 
 EDINBURGH PRINTING COMPANY. 
 
 c -r)U‘ 
 
 Humanities Preservation Project 
 
YTXc^L 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The want of a Gazetteer of Ireland, in a convenient and 
 portable form, has long been felt, and it is singular that no such 
 
 „ , work was previously undertaken. Without particularly referring 
 
 <V to several large and expensive topographical volumes, some of 
 & f 7 which. are almost obsolete, the present is actually the first pub- 
 Cl! lication of the kind connected with Ireland, after the plan of 
 similar works on England and Scotland. The more important 
 details are taken from Parliamentary and other documents ; and 
 a vast mass of statistical, historical, antiquarian, and ecclesiastical 
 information is here condensed. Those who know any thing of 
 the difficulties attending the investigation of Irish history an 
 topography will be well aware of the labour expended on such a 
 work as this now submitted to the Public. So much inaccuracy 
 and uncertainty are to be encountered, that even an approach to 
 correctness is a gain from what has been long difficult and ob- 
 scure The writer flatters himself that much has been overcome 
 in this Gazetteer of Ireland, and that it will be found a satis- 
 factory Guide-Book to all parts of the Island. 
 
 It is to be regretted that the limits assigned to this volume 
 prevented in numerous cases any farther notice of the parishes 
 than merely the name, and the Barony, County, and Diocese, in 
 which they are situated. If any descriptive accounts had been 
 attempted, the work must have extended to double its bulk, 
 which was not "the object of the writer. In some respects, how- 
 ever, this is of comparatively little importance ; the parochial di- 
 visions in Ireland are not of such local and particular interest as : 
 
 ' 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 in England and Scotland ; and they are continually changing by 
 partitions into perpetual curacies, and by the formation of Unions, 
 in which one parish frequently represents the inhabitants of all. 
 Still, however, many of the parishes in all the counties are de- 
 scribed as such, and particular attention has been bestowed on 
 the cities and towns, the accounts of most of which were revised 
 and corrected by gentlemen resident in, and familiar with, their 
 respective localities. The author takes this opportunity also of 
 gratefully thanking the Irish Press for the very favourable re- 
 commendations bestowed on the work during the course of pub- 
 lication. 
 
 Notwithstanding the utmost care and vigilance, misprints and 
 mistakes will occur amid such a collection of statistical facts, 
 especially as it respects the orthography of the proper names. 
 Probably the reader will be disposed to view such inaccuracies, 
 wherever they are found, with leniency, when informed that the 
 author is not an Irishman. The following Errata are here 
 pointed out : — In page 10, col. 1, the Allahies Copper Mines 
 are stated to be ten miles from Skibbereen, but the distance is up- 
 wards of fifty miles. The Ballydehob Mines are those intended, 
 and the reader will therefore substitute Ballydehob for Skibbereen 
 ishannon , in the county of Cork, is in one instance misprinted | 
 Innishowan ; Tarmonbarry is also in one place misprinted Tan - j 
 nonbarry ; and in p. 644, col. 1, where the paragraph commences 
 — i( Meath belongs almost exclusively to the Baron of Boyne, the 
 southern part to the Baron of the Dee,” the word Baron is to be 
 corrected to the basin of these rivers. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Ireland is the second in size of the British Islands, and the 
 second largest Island in Europe. In form the Kingdom resembles 
 an oblique parallelogram, the longer diagonal lying between the 
 Mizen Head on the south-west, and Fair Head on the north-east ; 
 and the shorter between Erris Head on the north-west, and 
 Carnsore Point on the south-east. The south-western, western, 
 north-western, and part of the northern coasts of the Island, are 
 deeply indented by inlets penetrating between rocky and moun- 
 tainous promontories, and the western is almost what is called 
 iron-bound , or rocky and precipitous. Ireland lies between 
 51° 25' and 55° 22' N. lat., and 5° 27' and 10° 35 ' W. long. 
 Another authority assigns 51° 25' and 55° 23' N. lat., and 6 
 and 1 1° W. long. The Island is separated from Great Britain 
 by St George’s Channel, the Irish Sea, and the North Channel. 
 St George’s Channel is contracted by the projecting coast of 
 Wales, between the coasts of Dublin, Wicklow, and Wexford, 
 expanding into the Atlantic Ocean at its southern or Wexford 
 extremity on the Irish side. Northward from the Dublin coast 
 is the Irish Sea, between the coasts of Louth and Lancashire, 
 containing the Isle of Man. Still farther north is the North 
 Channel, between the Mull of Cantyre in Scotland, and Fair 
 Head in the county of Antrim, the distance between the Irish 
 and Scotish coasts in that quarter being within 14 statute 
 miles. The other distances crossing to Great Britain are between 
 Donaghadee and Portpatrick, both on the Irish Sea, 22 miles ; and 
 between St David’s Head, in Wales, to Carnsore Point, in Wex- 
 ford, 47 miles. The remainder of the coast line on the north- 
 west, west, and south-west, is formed by the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 Extent The length and breadth of Ireland are variously 
 
 stated. According to on^ authority the greatest length, in a 
 line nearly direct ^ ^ »*,id south, is from Bloody Foreland in 
 Donegal to tne Old Head of Kinsale, 245 miles ; and the great- 
 est breadth, from Achill Head in Mayo on the west to the en- 
 trance of Strangford Lough on the east, is 200 miles ; but in an 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 i vi 
 
 j 
 
 ! oblique direction the greatest length, from Fair Head in Antrim 
 to the*Mizen Head in Cork, is 306 miles, in a line bearing 
 N. N. E. by S. S. W. Another authority assigns the length, from 
 Malin Head in Donegal to Cork Harbour, at 244 miles, and from 
 Howth Head near Dublin to Slyne Head in Galway, at 168 miles. 
 There are other statements differing more or less, resulting from 
 the particular points at which the measurements are taken, and 
 i the general maps of Ireland hitherto published are too imperfect 
 to furnish anything like an accurate estimate of the real length, 
 
 | breadth, and area, of the Island. The same difficulty attends 
 j the computation of the area of the Kingdom. One authority aver- 
 ! ages it at 32,312 miles, or 20,499,550 acres ; a second reduces 
 i it to 28,881 statute square miles, or 18,484,343 acres ; and 
 j Mr Griffith, Engineer, in the tabular statement furnished to 
 j the Committee of the House of Lords on Tithes, estimates 
 : the entire area at 31,874 statute square miles, or 20,399,608 
 statute acres, of which 14,603,473 are cultivated, 5,340,736 j 
 are unimproved mountain and bog, and 455,399 are occupied by j 
 lakes. This latter statement probably exceeds the real amount. ! 
 
 Surface The interior of Ireland is generally flat. The 
 
 great limestone plain stretches across the Island from Dublin to 
 Galway, including the whole of the vast tract of peat moss knowm 
 as the Bog of Allen, and having numerous ^branches among the 
 intervening hills. In the counties of Clare, Limerick, Kerry, and 
 other districts, are extensive districts of various soils. The prin- 
 cipal mountains rise along the coast ; the chief inland ranges are 
 in Kilkenny, Wexford, Carlow, King’s County, Tipperary, Tyrone, 
 and Londonderry ; and the western ranges occupy the greater area. 
 
 Islands. — The Islands are about 150 in number, and are sup- 
 posed to contain a population of between 40,000 and 50,000, 
 most of them as primitive and eccentric in their habits, customs, 
 and notions, as can be conceived. 
 
 Climate. — As only a small portion of Ireland is more than 
 50 miles from the sea, and as the Atlantic surrounds the Island on 
 three sides, the climate is more moist, and less liable to severe cold 
 than the surrounding countries ; severe frosts are comparatively 
 rare, nor does snow lie as long as in England. The extreme moist- 
 ure, which is the prominent theme of complaint among the early 
 Irish historians, is greatly lessened by the extension of tillage. 
 
 Minerals. — The great limestone plain of Ireland contains six 
 coal districts, viz. the Leinster or Castlecomer district on the south- 
 east, the Slieveardagh or Tipperary district on the south ; the 
 Munster district on the south-west, extending through parts of 
 the counties of Cork, Kerry, Limerick, and Clare ; the Lough 
 
' INTRODUCTION. vii 
 
 I • ! 
 
 i Allen district, round the source of the Shannon, on the north- ; 
 
 west ; and the Monaghan and Tyrone districts on the north. A j 
 i coal district of limited extent is on the north-east extremity 
 | of the county of Antrim. The coal raised in the southern 
 districts is what is called anthracite , or blind coal , that in the 
 counties north of Dublin is bituminous. The other valuable 
 mines are those of lead and copper, which have never been in ope- j 
 ration to their full extent. In 1836, the annual average produce 
 of the mines worked by the Mining Company of Ireland was about 
 i L. 150,000, and of those worked by other parties, L. 220, 000. j 
 In 1835, the export of lead and copper ore amounted to 477,660 
 : cwts. of the estimated value of L. 179,388. 
 
 Ancient Divisions The old annals of Ireland record a 
 
 two-fold division of the Island by two of the descendants of 
 Milesius, who made a line, drawn from Dublin to Galway, the 
 boundary of their respective territories, of which the northern 
 was called Leath Conn , and the southern Leatli Mogha, In the 
 time of Ptolemy the whole of Ireland was partitioned by a iium- j 
 ber of tribes, who are thus determined by Whittaker : 1 . 
 
 Central, comprising the counties of Tyrone, Fermanagh, Mo- ! 
 naghan, Cavan, Leitrim, Longford, Westmeath, King’s County, 
 Queen’s County, Kilkenny, and Tipperary, inhabited by the ! 
 Scoti y bounded by the Shannon, Lough Allen, and Lough Erne, ] 
 on the west, the rivers Barrow and Boyne, and Lough Neagh, i 
 i on the east, the rivers Suir and Blackwater on the south, and 
 a chain of mountains on the north. 2. North, or the counties 
 of Antrim and Londonderry, peopled by the Robogdii, whose 
 boundary was from Horn Head to Fair Head. 3. East, or the 
 | county of Antrim and. part - of Down, inhabited by the Damnii , 
 from Fair Head to Ardglass ; part of Down, and the counties of 
 I Armagh and Louth, by the Voluntii , from Ardglass to the river 
 ! Boyne ; the county of Meath and part of Dublin by the Eblani t 
 from the Boyne to the Liffey ; parts of Dublin and of Wicklow 
 by the Caucii, from the Liffey to the Avoca ; parts of Wicklow 
 and Wexford by the Menapii , from the Avoca to Carnsore Point ; 
 parts of Wicklow and the counties of Kildare and Carlow by the 
 Coriundiiy between the Boyne and Barrow rivers. 4. South, or 
 part of Wexford and the county of Waterford by the Brig antes, 
 from Carnsore Point to the Blackwater; part of Cork by the 
 Vodii , from the Blackwater to the Bann, parts of Cork and Kerryt 
 by the Ibernii , from the Bann, to Dingle Bay. 5. West, or par, 
 
 | of Kerry, by the Luceni ; and the county of Limerick, by the Ve- 
 laborii ; Clare by the Cangani\; Galway by the Auterii ; Mayo, 1 
 Sligo, Roscommon, Leitrim and Fermanagh, by the Magnatce ; 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 viii 
 
 and Donegal by the Hardinii ; from the Ballyshannon river to 
 Horn Head. In the various names of Ireland applied by the 
 Classic writers, such as the Iris of Diodorus Siculus, Iernis, Hi- 
 bernia , &c. the radical Ir or Eri, poetically Erin, by which it is 
 still known to the natives, is distinctly traceable. The name 
 Scotia was probably not applied to Ireland till the third century, 
 and continued the exclusive appellation of the Island to the be- 
 ginning of the eleventh century. The Seoti were the inhabitants 
 at the time of the introduction of Christianity, but a portion of 
 the Island was in possession of a race identified with the Piets of 
 Scotland until after that event. The general conversion of the 
 Scoto-Irish to Christianity is referred to the fifth century under 
 the auspices of the celebrated St Patrick, who landed on his 
 mission about A.D. 432 ; but it is certain that the Christian re- 
 ligion was known in Ireland, and had made some progress, before 
 that period, though the mass of the people were heathens, or un- 
 der the Druids. 
 
 Subsequent Divisions Ireland was, after the introduction 
 
 of Christianity, long divided into the five paltry kingdoms of 
 Leinster, Munster, Connaught, Ulster, and Meath, the last con- 
 sisting of the present counties of Meath, Westmeath, and Long- 
 ford, and parts of Armagh and Louth. The government of the 
 whole Island, however, was generally vested in one monarch, 
 who was entitled to certain services and subsidies from the petty 
 Kings, who in turn levied contributions from the minor Chiefs. 
 From the end of the eighth century till the arrival of the English 
 in A.D. 1170, the annals of Ireland present a lamentable series of 
 feuds occasioned by the disputes of the petty princes, and of de- 
 predations by the Danes and other Northern pirates. The Eng- 
 lish invasion and conquest of the whole Island is the grand epoch 
 of Irish history. Henry II. had obtained a grant of Ireland from 
 Pope Adrian IV., previous to the expulsion, in 1 1 68, of Dermot 
 MacMurrogh, King of Leinster, who had seduced the wife of one 
 of the princes, and had otherwise rendered himself obnoxious 
 to his subjects. He fled to England, and Henry willingly agreed 
 to restore him, on receiving his oath of allegiance. In 11 70 a 
 small armament landed in the county of Wexford ; the conquest 
 of the Island was soon effected; in 1174 Henry arrived in per- 
 son, and received the submission of the Irish monarch, and of 
 most of the petty and provincial kings and chiefs. In the same 
 year his title was confirmed, and the government and discipline 
 of the English and Irish Churches established at a general synod 
 held at Cashel. The title assumed by the English monarch was 
 Lord of Ireland. The Island was no>v portioned among the 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ix 
 
 ■ Anglo-Norman conquerors, and the erection of courts of law and 
 appointment of executive authorities accompanied the introduc- 
 tion of English modes of tenure. 
 
 Modern Divisions — The twelfth year of the reign of King 
 John, who succeeded his father as Lord of Ireland, is generally as- 
 signed as the epoch of the partial division of Ireland into coun- 
 ties. The districts then subject to the English sway were formed 
 into the twelve counties of Dublin, Meath Kildare, Oriel (now 
 Louth), Carlow, Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford, Cork, Kerry, 
 Limerick, and Tipperary. No farther change occurred till the 
 reign of Mary, when King’s and Queen’s Counties were made 
 shire-ground. Queen Elizabeth divided Connaught into the 
 j seven counties of Galway, Clare, Roscommon, Mayo, Sligo, 
 
 ! Leitrim, and Longford ; and Ulster into its present nine coun- i 
 ties. Wicklow was separated from Dublin, and constituted a 
 county, by James I. The only alteration since that period is 
 the transfer of some of the counties of Connaught into the ad- 
 joining Provinces, and the division of Cork into the East and West 
 , Ridings , which latter took place in 1823. An Act of Parliament, 
 passed in 1 835, gives the Lord-Lieutenant a discretionary power 
 of subdividing the large counties in a similar manner. The divi- 
 ! sion into the Provinces of Connaught, Leinster, Munster, and 
 Ulster, has long ceased to be of any practical utility, and is 
 neither legally nor politically recognised. 
 
 Population The total population by the census of 1831 
 
 was 7,676,401, and that of 1841 showed a decrease of upwards 
 of 500,000 on the whole counties. This ascertained fact shows 
 that the population must be nearly the same as by the returns of 
 1831. The counties are subdivided into Baronies, which was ap- 
 parently introduced by the English, the Baronies into parishes, and 
 the parishes into townlands or ploughlands. Five cities and three 
 towns have separate jurisdictions, including a small surrounding 
 district, and are also called counties. These are the cities of Dub- 
 lin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford, and Kilkenny, and the towns of 
 Galway, Drogheda, and Carrickfergus. The territorial divisions 
 of Ireland as it respects the civil arrangement are thirty-two coun- 
 ties, eight counties of cities and towns, 252 Baronies, and 3348 pa- 
 rishes. Another statement increases the Baronies to 295. The 
 division into Baronies and Half Baronies has long ceased to 
 have any reference to the original dignity of Barons and Earls, 
 but it is of great practical utility for various purposes, and sanc- 
 tioned by various Acts of Parliament passed in the reign of Wil- 
 liam IV., for regulating the number of constabulary, the levy- 
 ing and application of presentments under the Grand Act, for 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 x 
 
 purposes connected with elections, assessments for improvements, 
 public works, &c. Manor Courts still exist for the cognizance 
 of debts within their respective districts, but no Baron Courts 
 are held in the sense in which these are known in England. 
 
 Ecclesiastical Divisions. — Church of Ireland. — The 
 Established Church of Ireland was regulated in 1535, but the 
 great body of the native Irish adhere to the Roman Catholic Re- 
 ligion. In former times the Dioceses were very numerous, and 
 two or more Sees were frequently united to afford a competent re- 
 venue to the holder. The Church of Ireland is the same as the 
 Church of England in doctrine, discipline, and government. Pre- 
 vious to the Act of 1833 there were four Archbishoprics, one 
 for each Province, but named from the place in which the See was 
 fixed. These were Armagh, Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam, and the 
 suffragan Bishoprics were eighteen. By that statute Cashel and 
 | Tuam were reduced to Bishoprics by avoidance, and the other 
 j Bishoprics were consolidated under twelve Diocesans, the falling 
 in of the several Sees at the demise of the incumbents. The two 
 Archiepiscopal Provinces into which the Island is now divided are 
 those of Armagh and Dublin. The Archbishop of Armagh is 
 Primate of all Ireland and Metropolitan, and the Archbishop of 
 Dublin is styled Primate of Ireland and Metropolitan. While 
 Cashel and Tuam were Archiepiscopal Sees, the Archbishops were 
 respectively designated Primates of Munster and of Connaught. 
 The following are the arrangements of the Dioceses in the two 
 Archiepiscopal Provinces, with the alleged gross incomes of the 
 
 several annexed Sees. 
 
 
 ARCHBISHOPRIC. 
 Armagh, with Diocese of Clogher, 
 
 L. 14,944. 
 
 BISHOPRICS. 
 
 Meath, - 
 
 Derry, with Raphoe, - 
 
 Down, with Connor and Dromore, 
 Kilmore, with Ardagh and Elphin, 
 Tuam, with Killala and Achonry, 
 
 L.4068 
 
 8000. 
 
 5896. 
 
 7478. 
 
 5000. 
 
 ARCHBISHOPRIC. 
 
 Dublin, with Glandelough and Kildare, 
 
 L.9321. 
 
 BISHOPRICS. 
 
 Ossory, with Leighlin and Ferns, 
 
 Cashel, with Emly, Waterford, and Lismore, 
 
 Cloyne, with Cork and Ross, 
 
 Killaloe, w ith Kilfenora, Clonfert, and Kilmacduach, 
 Limerick, with Ardfert and Aghadoe, 
 
 L.5730. 
 
 5400. 
 
 4160. 
 
 3800. 
 
 4973. 
 
INTRODUCTION, 
 
 xi 
 
 The other dignitaries of the Church of Ireland, consisting of the 
 Deans and Chapters, are mentioned in the accounts of the several 
 Dioceses in the present work. 
 
 Parishes. — The division into parishes is less important for 
 civil purposes than in England and Scotland. A late return states 
 the number of parishes at 2348, as already mentioned, which are 
 condensed into 1385 benefices, by forming unions of several pa- 
 rishes. Many of the parishes are, moreover, annually in the 
 course of subdivision into perpetual curacies, chapelries, and 
 other parochial districts. But it must be observed, that the 
 number and names of parishes vary considerably, according to 
 the ecclesiastical arrangement by which the clerical duties are 
 performed and the tithes are collected, from the civil arrangement 
 by which the county assessments are levied. In 1834 or 1835, a 
 bill was brought into the House of Commons for the sequestration 
 of 860 parishes, but it was rejected by a considerable majority. 
 
 It is farther stated, ^that — “ in consequence of the indisposition 
 which existed to pass assessments made at vestries, and the j 
 difficulty of peaceably collecting them, the Legistature has made 
 various provisions to discontinue them ; and the most important 
 of the matters formerly provided by this means are now in the 
 hands of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and the Grand Juries. 
 The principal charge at present provided for at vestry, except 
 in the county and city of Dublin, is a trifling annual assessment 
 for parish coffins.” 
 
 Roman Catholic Church The Hierarchy of the Roman 
 
 Catholic Church in Ireland continues the same as before the Re- 
 formation respecting the number of the Sees, consisting of four 
 Archbishops and twenty-three Bishops, with the exception of the 
 town and vicinity of Galway, formerly under a Warden, but now 
 a See. By the Act of 1829, the Roman Catholic Archbishops and 
 Bishops'are prohibited from taking the titles of the Sees under cer- | 
 tain penalties. The Act, however, is often disregarded, and the 
 penalties have never been enforced. The recognised ecclesiasti- 
 cal division of the kingdom into Dioceses and parishes used by j 
 the Established Church, and on which the present work is con- | 
 structed, differs from that employed by the Roman Catholics, es- j 
 pecially as it respects the parishes. The incomes of the Bishops, | 
 and of every class of the Roman Catholic clergy, are derived sole- j 
 ly from voluntary contributions, and the entire Hierarchy is sup- 
 ported by the profits of some one or more parishes in the respec- 
 tive Dioceses, by fees from the incumbents of the others, and by 
 those of marriage licences. The monasteries and convents are 
 
Xll 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 numerous throughout Ireland, and some of them, especially those 
 for females, amply endowed. 
 
 Presbyterians. — The Presbyterians are numerous in the 
 North of Ireland, and long consisted of two great bodies known 
 as the Synod of Ulster and the Presbyterian or Secession Synod 
 of Ireland. In 1840 these parties united, and assumed the 
 title of the “ General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church 
 in Ireland,” comprising 35 Presbyteries, and 433 Congregations, 
 in 1842. The President, who is annually elected, is called the 
 Moderator. This religious body has Professors of Divinity, 
 Biblical Criticism, and Ecclesiastical History. The ministers 
 are partly maintained by the voluntary contributions of their 
 congregations, and partly by the yearly parliamentary grant 
 called the Regium Donum , begun by William III. The grant is 
 so distributed that the wealthy congregations get L. 100, the 
 next wealthy L.75, and the poorest L.50. It is rather a curious 
 reversion of the ordinary mode of assisting congregations, to 
 give to those who have least need of it the largest sum, and to 
 those who have most need of it the smallest sum ; and it is ironi- 
 cally asserted in a pamphlet published in Belfast in 1835, fiercely 
 i condemning the grant, and assailing those who receive it, that “ the 
 loyalty of a large congregation is of more value than that of a 
 | small one.” Another party, unconnected with the union, is 
 | the Reformed Presbyterian Synod of Ireland,” consisting in 
 i 1841 of four Presbyteries and 25 Congregations. The other 
 Dissenters are the Wesleyan Methodists , who divide the King- 
 dom into what they designate Circuits; the Unitarians , Inde- 
 pendents , Quakers, and some others, numbering from 20,000 to 
 30,000 adherents. 
 
 Government. — The executive government of Ireland is 
 committed to the Lord- Lieutenant, w'ho is a Nobleman deputed 
 by the Crown. This Vice-regal' officer is continued during plea- 
 sure, or connected with the existence of the Ministry to whose 
 politics he adheres, but is generally, apart from all contingencies, 
 continued in office five years. He is assisted by a Privy Coun- 
 cil, a body nominated by the Sovereign, and invested with very 
 extensive judicial and ministerial powers, and also by a Chief 
 Secretary, who is a member of the House of Commons, and wffio is 
 entrusted with the more direct management of the Kingdom. The 
 Chief Secretary also holds his office contingent on the continu- 
 ance of the Ministry in power. The other principal functionaries 
 are the Attorney- General and the Solicitor- General. 
 
 Justice. — The Law Courts of Ireland are the Queen’s Bench, 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 xiii 
 
 Common Pleas, Exchequer, and Chancery ; also the Bankrupt 
 Court, the Court for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors, the Court 
 of Admiralty, Consistorial Courts in the Dioceses, and the Metro- 
 politan Ecclesiastical Court. The highest legal functionary is 
 the Lord Chancellor, whose office is contingent on the Ministry 
 of the day. This Judge and the Master of the Rolls preside in 
 the Court of Chancery. In each of the Courts of Queen’s Bench, 
 Common Pleas, and Exchequer, are four Judges. In the first 
 and second Courts the presiding Judge is designated Lord Chief 
 Justice , and the Judges are Justices; in the third, the presiding 
 Judge is the Lord Chief Baron , and the others are styled Barons. 
 The Courts of Law sit during each term in Dublin, and the 
 Judges on Circuit hold assizes of Oyer and Terminer and Jail- 
 delivery twice a-year in each county town. The Lord- Lieu- 
 tenants and Magistrates of the several counties are appointed 
 by the Crown and the Lord Chancellor, and the Sheriffs are ge- 
 nerally nominated by the Judges on Circuit, and sanctioned by 
 the Lord-Lieutenant of the Kingdom. 
 
 Representation Ireland is represented in the Imperial 
 
 Parliament by four spiritual and twenty-eight temporal Peers in 
 the House of Lords, and by 105 members in the House of Com- 
 mons. The temporal Peers are elected for life, and the four spi- 
 ritual Peers, one of whom must be the Archbishop of Armagh or 
 Dublin, sit annually, according to the rotation of their Sees. The 
 105 members of the House of Commons are thus classified • — 
 the thirty-two Counties return 64 members, the University of 
 Dublin two members, and 33 cities and boroughs 39 members. 
 Since the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Bill the right of 
 franchise for the election of members has been considerably 
 changed, and the number of electors diminished. 
 
 Peerage The Peerage of Ireland in 1842 consisted of one 
 
 Duke, 14 Marquises, 75 Earls, 43 Viscounts, 7 1 Barons, and 
 one Baroness in her own right. Many of the Irish Peers are 
 Peers of Great Britain. The three surviving sons of George III. 
 in 1842 have Irish titles. The King of Hanover is Earl of Ulster, 
 the Duke of Cambridge is Earl of Tipperary, and the Duke of Sus- 
 sex is Baron of Arklow. The power of the Crown to create Irish 
 Peers is limited by the Act of Union, and only one can be created 
 for every three Peerages becoming extinct. Irish Peers who 
 are not British Peers are eligible to seats in the House of Com- 
 mons for English and Scotish constituencies, being considered 
 merely titular in Great Britain. They are not, however, eligible 
 for any county, city, or borough, in Ireland ; and those who are 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 xiv 
 
 members of the Commons House of Parliament cannot vote for \ 
 the Representative Peers of Ireland. 
 
 Knighthood. — The only Order of Knighthood in the King- j 
 dom of Ireland is that of St Patrick, instituted by George III. 
 in 1783, and styled the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick . It 
 consists of the Sovereign, the Grand Master (who is the Lord- 
 Lieutenant for the time being), and tw r enty-two Knights, all Irish 
 Noblemen, or enjoying Irish titles. The insignia are the Star, 
 inscribed with the motto Quis Separabit , the Collar of gold, and 
 the Jewel suspended from a light blue riband. 
 
 Municipal Act The Irish Municipal Act came into ope- 
 
 ration in November 1841, when all the former Corporations be- 
 came defunct. Daniel O’Connell, Esq. M.P. was elected Lord 
 Mayor of Dublin, the first Roman Catholic who has held the 
 office of Chief Magistrate of the Irish Metropolis since the Re- 
 volution of 1688. 
 
 Poor Law. — The Poor Law Bill for Ireland, passed in 1838, 
 1st and 2d Victoria, is now in full operation. Workhouses are 
 erected for Parochial Unions throughout the Kingdom, under 
 Guardians and other officers, according to the provisions of the 
 j Act. Until the passing of this Act no provision had been made 
 for the relief of the helpless and the destitute in Ireland, and the 
 evils of poverty had long been such as utterly to defy the efforts 
 of private benevolence. In addition to individual misery of the 
 most appalling kind, the possession of land, as the only certain 
 resource against starvation, became of such urgent necessity, that 
 the peasantry bid against each other to obtain it, and the pro- 
 duce after paying the rent was barely sufficient for their susten- 
 ance, while their mode of cultivating the soil kept it far below its 
 productive powers. This evil still exists to a vast extent, but 
 the introduction of the Poor Law will eventually prove a remedy, 
 as relief is now r provided against destitution by other means than 
 the possession of land. The progress of the Commissioners has 
 been most satisfactory since the passing of the Act. Up to 
 March 1839 they had formed 22 Unions, comprising an extent 
 of 2,950,163 statute acres, with a population, by the census of 
 1831, of 1,517,344 ; and arrangements had then been formed for 
 declaring 18 other Unions, extending over 2,453,274 acres, with 
 a population of 1,140,21 3. In 1840, more than 100 Unions had 
 been formed, and the whole of Ireland was so divided at the 
 commencement of 1842. 
 
 Education An Act of Queen Elizabeth required that a 
 
 grammar school should be maintained in every Diocese by the ! 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 XV 
 
 | contributions of the Bishop and beneficed clergy, but these schools 
 never exceeded 17 in the twenty-two Dioceses. James I. carried 
 out this idea bygr anting large tracts of forfeited lands for the main- 
 tenance of schools, and his son Charles I. followed his example. 
 Erasmus Smith, who obtained extensive grants of land during 
 the time of Cromwell, applied much of his property in a similar 
 manner, atid there are several private foundations. The London 
 Companies support schools on their estates in Ulster, and several 
 religious and charitable societies in the British Metropolis have 
 schools throughout the Kingdom. The Kildare Place Society, 
 so called from the street in Dublin, in which were the offices and 
 model school, is now superseded by the National Board of Edu- 
 cation, and the management is vested in the Archbishop of Dub- 
 lin, the Roman Catholic Archbishop in that city, the Moderator 
 of the Presbyterian General Assembly, and other commissioners 
 nominated by the Crown. It is supposed that the system can be 
 carried on permanently at the annual expenditure of about 
 L. 200,000 per annum. The salaries of teachers of primary 
 schools is estimated at L.25, with a gratuity of L.5 on good 
 behaviour ; and that of a teacher in the model schools at L. 100, 
 with tw r o assistants at L.50 each. 
 
 Banks In 1842 the principal Banks in Ireland were the 
 
 Bank of Ireland, the Royal Bank of Ireland, the National Bank 
 of Ireland, the Provincial Bank of Ireland, the Hibernian Joint 
 Stock Banking Company, the Belfast Banking Company, the 
 Northern Banking Company, and the Ulster Banking Company. 
 
 Savings Banks. — These excellent institutions were introduc- 
 ed from Scotland in 1817. From 1821 to 1832 the amount 
 lodged was L. 2,270,630 ; drawn out, L. 1,395,227, leaving the 
 sum in banks to the credit of the depositors of L.875,403. 
 
 Fisheries — The Fishery Board, constituted in 1819, is now 
 discontinued. In 1822, the number of decked vessels was 294 ; 
 men, 1908; half-decked, 421; men, 2248; open sail, 2051; 
 men, 10,581; row-boats, 4889 ; men, 21,422; total men, 
 36,159. During the intervening years to 1830, the number of 
 decked and open sail boats varied, though generally on the in- 
 crease. In 1830, the decked vessels w^ere 345; men, 2147 ; 
 half-decked, 769 ; men, 3852 ; open sail, 2483; men, 12,560; 
 row-boats, 9522 ; men, 46,212 ; total men, 64,771. It is pain- 
 ful to add, that the Irish fisheries are in general completely ne- 
 glected, though, as Sir William Temple observes, “ they might 
 prove a mine under w r ater as rich as any under ground.” Mr Ar- j 
 thur Young also truly states that “ there is scarcely apart of i 
 Ireland but what is well situated for some fishery of consequence, 
 
XVI 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and the coasts and innumerable inlets and creeks are the resort of 
 vast shoals of herring, cod, ling, wake, mackerel, &c., which might 
 be converted into funds of wealth.” As it respects the fisheries 
 of the lakes and rivers, Mr Daniel asserts in his Rural Sports, 
 that “ the waters of Ireland abound in all that can invite an ang- 
 ler to their banks ; they are more largely stored, and with fish 
 of a better quality, than elsewhere in the United Kingdom.” 
 
 Shipping In 1837 the number of vessels belonging to the 
 
 several ports of Ireland was 1694; tonnage, 139,363; men, 
 9865. It thus appears that the means of external traffic possess- 
 ed by Ireland are less than one-fourteenth of those of England, 
 and more than a third of those of Scotland. 
 
 Revenue. — Total public income for the year ending January 
 5, 1838, L. 4, 531, 540 
 
 Manufactures. — In 1835 the exports of linen amounted to 
 70,209,572 yards, of the estimated value of L.3,725,054, being 
 an increase on the linen export of 1825 of 15,095,057 yards. 
 The cotton trade, which in 1825 had an export of 10,567,458 
 yards, declined in 1835 to 1,039,088 yards, valued at L. 15,253, 
 but in that year there was an export of cotton in other forms of 
 manufacture to the amount of L. 132,880. The value of the 
 woollen goods produced in and about Dublin is estimated at 
 about L. 90, 000 ; and in other districts, L. 20, 000 ; the flannel 
 trade, which was annually worth L. 56, 000, is nearly extinct. 
 In 1835 the value of the woollen manufactures exported was 
 L. 40, 128 ; that of silk had decayed, and amounted to L.21,740. 
 
 Agriculture In 1832 the agricultural produce of Ireland 
 
 was estimated at L. 36, 000, 000 per annum, raised on 14,603,473 
 acres, thus falling short, by nearly one-half, of the amount of 
 produce yielded by an equal area in Great Britain, though in the 
 latter country there are only tw o agricultural labourers for every 
 five in Ireland. In 1836, the earnings of the labouring classes, 
 including occupiers working their own land, were estimated at 
 L.6, 844,500. The value of the peat raised from the bogs is pro- 
 bably L. 200,000. 
 
THE 
 
 GAZETTEER OF IRELAND. 
 
 ABB 
 
 ABB 
 
 ABBEY, a village and township in 
 the parish of Innislognoughty, coun- 
 ty of Tipperary. Population in 1831, 
 693. 
 
 ABBEY, a parish in the Barony 
 of Glenaheiry, county and Diocese of 
 Waterford. Population in 1831, 1157. 
 Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 ABBEY, a parish in Galway, an- 
 nexed to Killererun. 
 
 ABBEY, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Burrin, county of Clare, 
 and Diocese of Kilfenora. The sur- 
 face is rocky, but, like the rest of the 
 district, affords excellent pasturage 
 for sheep, great numbers of which are 
 reared within the Barony. Corcomroe 
 Abbey was founded in this parish for 
 Cistertians in the twelfth century. 
 Population in 1831, 1822. Post-town, 
 Gort. 
 
 ABBEYBOYLE. See Boyle. 
 
 ABBEYDORNEY, a post-village 
 in Odorney parish, Kerry. 
 
 ABBEYFEALE, a parish, vicar- 
 age, and town, in the Barony of Con- 
 nello, county and Diocese of Limerick, 
 on the river Feale, a tributary of the 
 Shannon. The town is situated at 
 the extreme south-west of the coun- 
 ty, and nearly in the centre of the 
 mountainous region rising towards 
 th e valley of the-Deel, and backed by 
 other groups running east and west, 
 the valleys of which are traversed 
 by the tributaries of the Geale and 
 
 Feale. The roads opened by Govern- 
 ment in 1829 have promoted peace- 
 ful and industrious habits among the 
 population of this remote district. 
 The village of Abbeyfeale contains 
 about 500 inhabitants, and has fairs 
 on the 29th of June and 18th of Oc- 
 tober. Population in 1831, 2633. Post- 
 town, Rathkeale. 
 
 ABBEYGORMAN, a parish in 
 Galway, an d Diocese of Clonfert. Th e 
 benefice is a rectory. In this parish 
 was an Abbey of Augustine monks, 
 which was granted to the De Burgh 
 Family at the Reformation. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2240. Post-town, Eyre 
 Court. 
 
 ABBEYJERPOINT, a parish and 
 vicarage in Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, on the Nore. See Jerpoint. 
 
 ABBEYKNOCKMOY, a parish, 
 rectory, and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Tyaquin, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Tuam, about six miles from 
 Tuam. An Abbey for Cistertian 
 monks was founded here in 1 189, or 
 1190, by Cathal or Charles O’Connor, 
 King of Connaught, surnamed Croove - 
 derg, or Red Hand. According to 
 the historical legend, this King of 
 Connaught became furious at the 
 imperious conduct of Hugh de Lacy, 
 Lieutenant of Ireland, and summoned 
 the chieftains to attack the English. 
 Almeric St Lawrence, while march- 
 ing to Ulster, though informed of his 
 
 A 
 
ACH 
 
 ABB THE GAZETTEER 
 
 danger by De Courcy, was intercept- 
 ed by King Cathal, alias Croovederg, 
 and was cut off, but the Irish lost 
 nearly 1000 men. During the battle, 
 Cathal vowed to erect an abbey in 
 his own territory if successful, and 
 accordingly Knockmoy Abbey was 
 founded on the spot, called Cnoc- 
 Mugho in Irish, or the Hill of Slaugh- 
 ter. Cathal became a monk, and died 
 in it in 1224. His monument is still 
 to be seen, having some curious fres- 
 co paintings, one compartment repre- 
 senting Christ on the cross, another 
 six kings, and in the centre figures 
 Roderick O’Connor, dignified with 
 the title of “ Monarch ” of Ireland. 
 These paintings are not older than 
 the 17th century, when the confede- 
 rated Roman Catholics took posses- 
 sion of this and other religious edi- 
 fices, which they repaired, andadorn- 
 ed with sculptures by the alleged as- 
 sistance of Italian and other foreign 
 artists, who executed whatever was 
 proposed to them. They are, however, 
 merely rude daubs, and the tomb itself 
 has been greatly injured by people at 
 funerals. This abbey was an elegant 
 edifice, but it is now a complete ruin. 
 A skeleton was long exhibited in it, 
 said to have been that of Lady Eve- 
 lina French. A fair is held at Abbey, 
 knockmoy on the 21st of August. 
 This parish includes the villages of 
 Abbey, Ballynamona, Newton, and 
 Poullavarlo. Population in 1831, 2538. 
 Post-town, Athenry. 
 
 ABBEYLARAGH, a vicarage in 
 the county of Longford, and annexed 
 Diocese of Ardagh. The village or 
 hamlet is situated on the margin of 
 Lough- Coonali*. Population in 1831, 
 3997. Post-town, Castle-Pollard. 
 
 ABBEYLEIX, a parish, rectory, 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Cul- 
 linah and Upper Ossory, Queen’s 
 County, and annexed Diocese of 
 Leighlin. The town is situated on 
 the river Nore, and has a lace manu- 
 factory. Though a small place, Ab- 
 beyleix is probably the neatest in the 
 county. A fair is held on the 17th of 
 March. Population in 1831, 5485. 
 
 2 
 
 ABBEYMAHON, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Barryroe, county of Cork, and Dio- 
 cese of Ross. The village is situ- 
 ated on Courtmasherry Bay, 7^ miles 
 from Bandon Bridge. It has several 
 schools, and the Cistertian monks 
 commenced an abbey in it, the com- 
 pletion of which was prevented by the 
 Reformation. Population in 1831, 
 3467. Post-town, Bandon Bridge. 
 
 ABBEYSHRULE, a rectory and 
 vicarage in the county of Longford, 
 and Diocese of Ardagh. In this vi- 
 cinity is the Inny river, which in its 
 course to the Shannon runs under 
 the line of the Royal Canal at Quin’s 
 Bridge aqueduct. The Royal Canal 
 enters the county of Longford near 
 Abbeyshrule, and its elevation is here 
 223 feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 ABBE YSIDE, a parish in the Ba- 
 rony of Decies-without-Drum, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Waterford, annex- 
 ed to that of Dungarvan, of which the 
 village is a suburb. Population of 
 parish and village in 1831, 3227. See 
 Dungarvan. 
 
 ABBEYSTROURY, a parish in 
 the Barony of Carberry, county of 
 Cork, and a vicarage in the Diocese 
 of Ross, intersected by the Iler. It 
 contains a part of the town of Skib- 
 bereen. Population in 1831, 3280. 
 See Skibbereen. 
 
 ABINGTON, a small town on the 
 river Mulkern, about ten miles east- 
 ward of Limerick, which had an ab- 
 bey founded by Theobald Fitz-Wal- 
 ter in the twelfth century. The pa- 
 rish of Abington, which is a rectory 
 in the Diocese of Emly, is partly in 
 Tipperary and partly in the county of 
 the city of Limerick. The town in- 
 cludes the village of Moroe and seve- 
 ral hamlets, and is about five miles 
 from the post-town of Castle- Con- 
 nel. Fairs are • held on the 27th of 
 May and 31st of August. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 6385; of village, 134. 
 
 ACHILL, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Erris, county of Mayo, 
 and Diocese of Tuam. The islands 
 of Achill and Achillbeg belong to the 
 
ACH OF IRELAND. ACH 
 
 parish, the former having a kind of 
 missionary settlement connected with 
 the Church of Ireland. A newspaper 
 is published on the island, called the 
 A chill Missionary Register , but it is 
 chiefly of a religious tendency. The 
 Sound of Achill separates it from the 
 mainland, and the side of the island 
 facing the offing of Clew Bay is mostly 
 a cliff, with no shelter for any larger 
 craft than boats, which can he drawn 
 up on the beach in a few coves. A 
 small pier is constructed on Achill 
 Sound. Some of the inhabitants are 
 fishermen, and the population are re- 
 duced to an extremity of distress 
 scarcely ever experienced in any other 
 part of Ireland when their crops 
 fail. This island is about 30 miles in 
 circumference, and is known as the 
 Eagle Isle, — the highest elevation be- 
 ing upwards of 1530 feet above the 
 level of the sea, and the resort of 
 eagles. The surface of Achill Island 
 is extremely mountainous, and its 
 shores are considered to be more pre- 
 cipitous than any equal extent of 
 coast in Ireland. At Minaun, on the 
 south side, the cliffs are overhanging, 
 and are upwards of 1000 feet in height. 
 The western part, terminated by 
 Achill or Keem Head, a part of a 
 mountain seems as if rent by a dread- 
 ful convulsion of nature, and a shelv- 
 ing precipice of 2222 feet rises from 
 the water’s edge. The island is of a tri- 
 angular shape, and its northern side 
 constitutes the boundary of Blacksoa 
 Bay. An island of about 300 acres in 
 extent, called Innisbeagle, is separated 
 from Achill by a narrow strait, termed 
 the Bull’s Mouth. This is the Coast 
 Guard station. Great improvements 
 have been effected in the island since 
 the commencement of the missionary 
 settlement, and the personal and mo- 
 ral condition of the people has under- 
 gone a change. Previous to 1834, 
 there were about 5000 inhabitants 
 dwelling in villages, and, says a com- 
 petent judge, “though the popula- 
 tion was not at all in proportion to 
 the size of the island and its great 
 capabilities, yet it was an excess unac- 
 3 
 
 companied with the means of subsist- 
 ence ; for, according to the long esta- 
 blished practice of the people, though 
 there was no check upon population, 
 there was upon the means of support, 
 in consequence of their village regu- 
 lations. All the occupiers of the vil- 
 lages held in common from the land- 
 lord; there was a portion of the 
 ground nearest to the village inclosed 
 from the rest for the growth of po- 
 tatoes and oats, and a wild range of 
 boggy and mountain land outside was 
 commonage, on which each family 
 had the right of pasture for a certain 
 number and quality of cattle ; the 
 inclosed land was also in a measure 
 in common, for, though each family 
 had its own ridge, no family had a 
 field to itself. — A man, if he wanted 
 more tillage ground, could not go be- 
 yond the old village inclosure, and 
 take in a new spot for himself. If he 
 brought in any new piece to cultiva- 
 tion, every householder had a right 
 to his ridge therein, as well as the 
 man who made the improvement. 
 — Then there was no such thing ever 
 seen in the island as a plough or a 
 harrow ; there might have been a car 
 or two, which went on slides instead 
 of wheels. The only instrument used 
 in cultivation was one peculiar to the 
 district, called a gowl gob, or two-blad- 
 ed spade, constructed unlike any thing 
 I had ever seen before, having two 
 long narrow blades pointed with iron, 
 fixed on one handle— this seemed light 
 of use, and suitable to the working of 
 the boggy and sandy soil. The dress 
 of the people was as primitive as their 
 husbandry ; very few of the men wore 
 hats, their long glibs were their pro- 
 tection from the weather — the wo- 
 men, beside the russet-brown wool- 
 sey gown, and the madder-red short 
 petticoat, with the yellow kerchief 
 tied down close to their heads; then 
 their houses were very like a Hot- 
 tentot’s kraal. An Achill village con- 
 sisted of a congeries of hovels thrown 
 indiscriminately together, as if they 
 fell in a shower from the sky, and 
 their construction was as follows — 
 
ACH THE GAZETTEER ADA 
 
 a dry stone wall was built of a form 
 like an obtuse oval, for they had not 
 arrived at the art of making a square 
 quoin, or erecting a gable end. Out- 
 side this wall, and at about a foot dis- 
 tance, another loose wall was run up, 
 and the space between the two filled 
 with sea sand, and then this was roof- 
 ed, generally with timber washed 
 on shore from wrecks, and covered 
 with heath, which covering did not 
 reach over the outside wall, and form 
 an eave, but rested on the middle be- 
 tween the walls, and the moisture 
 from above passed, as it should, 
 through the intervening sand. "Well, 
 those people, though perhaps as heal- 
 thy and long-lived as any other, must 
 sometimes be sick, and how were they 
 to manage them? — no doctor or 
 apothecary within thirty miles Wh y, 
 j there was an old woman resident in 
 one of the villages, looked on as half 
 witch, half doctress, and she, indeed, 
 as decided, and, no doubt, successful 
 in her treatment, exceeded even Doc- 
 tor Sangrado himself in the simpli- 
 ; city of her practice.” The island 
 contains some beautiful pink crystals 
 called Achill Diamonds. Population 
 in 1831, 3880. Post-town, Killala, 33 
 miles distant. 
 
 ACHONRY, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Leney, 
 county of Sligo, formerly a bishop- 
 ric, now conjoined with Tuam and 
 Killala, in the Church of Ireland, 
 
 ! but still a separate bishopric in the 
 Roman Catholic division. The an- 
 cient cathedral is now used as the 
 parish church ; and the Chapter con- 
 sists of a Dean, Precentor, and three 
 Prebendaries. There are several 
 villages, such as Achonry, Bellaghy, 
 Corrowntubber, Kilcummin, and 
 Tubber curry. The parish is water- 
 ed by the Moy, and comprises about 
 40,500 statute acres, of which two- 
 thirds are arable and pasture, and the 
 rest mountain and bog, much of which 
 is in progress of being reclaimed, 
 j The soil is good, and limestone is 
 abundant. There are several resi- 
 dences. The cathedral is dedicated 
 
 to St Nathy, or St Crumnathy. The 
 antiquities are the ruins of the old 
 church near the present edifice, the 
 remains of the Franciscan Abbey of 
 Court, an old church and burial-place 
 at Kilcummin, and a fortified resi- 
 dence at Castlelough. There are Na- 
 tional and other schools. Population 
 in 1831, 12,990. Post-town, Bally- 
 mote. 
 
 A C H R I S, a peninsula which 
 stretches from the Bay of Ballynakill 
 on the one side, to that of Cleggan on 
 the other, having a watch-tower on an 
 eminence rising above a large strag- 
 gling and poor village. 
 
 ACRE, a stream which rises in the J 
 county of Antrim, and falls into the 
 North Channel in Cashendal, or Red 
 Bay. Vessels from 14 to 20 tons can 
 enter it at high water. This river 
 abounds with excellent trout, and at 
 its junction with the sea is a salmon- 
 fishery. 
 
 ACTON, a perpetual curacy in the 
 Barony of Lower Orior, parish of 
 Ballymore, county and Archdiocese 
 of Armagh. The village is about 
 three miles from the post-town of 
 Tanderagee, on the Newry Canal, and 
 has fairs on the 4th of May and 11th 
 of December. Population in 1831, 
 205. 
 
 ADAM’S ISLAND, an islet be- 
 longing to the parish of Castlehaven. 
 
 ADAMSTOWN, or Murnevan, a 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Bantry, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Limerick. The parish of 
 Adamstown, connected with New- 
 bawn, is about seven miles in length 
 and three in breadth. There are nu- 
 merous springs and rivulets, and the 
 surface is diversified by moderately 
 rising grounds and hills ; a mountain 
 of small base, but of great height, said 
 to be about 3000 feet, is the principal 
 elevation, and all the hills are arable 
 except that of Brocorrow, up the 
 sides of which cultivation has ad- 
 vanced with rapid strides. The moors 
 are of little extent, and there are no 
 bogs. The minerals are limited; a 
 want of proper implements still char* 
 
ADA 
 
 ADR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 aeterizes the agriculture of this pa- 
 rish ; the soil is better adapted for 
 tillage than for meadow pasturage ; 
 little wheat is grown ; the principal 
 crops are barley, oats, and potatoes ; 
 and very few trees are to be seen. 
 There are no manufactures except 
 those for domestic use. An old cas- 
 tle has the remains of a small court, 
 and the other antiquities are ruins of 
 churches of limited dimensions. In 
 the parish are two large and two 
 small Roman Catholic chapels. The 
 parish church was erected by the 
 Rev. Edward Barton, Archdeacon of 
 Ferns, who also built the commodious 
 school-house, endowed with a salary 
 to the master of L.20 by the second 
 Viscount Monck, advanced to the 
 dignity of Earl of Rathdowne in 
 1822. The following very pleasing 
 description of the condition and in- 
 habitants of this parish in 1814 is a 
 striking contrast to its state, and the 
 excesses committed in it, in 1798. “ In 
 point of wealth they are independent, 
 of very great industry, sobriety, and 
 order. The food of the lower classes 
 is chiefly potatoes and oatmeal; their 
 chief fuel is furze, which is the indi- 
 genous shrub of this county; their 
 dress comfortable ; their appearance 
 in general open and manly. The 
 people are very sagacious, indus- 
 trious, and obliging ; they are also 
 sober and honest.” Population in 
 1831, 1704. Post-town, New Ross. 
 
 AD ARE, a parish, vicarage, and 
 post-town, in the Baronies of Coshma 
 and Kenry, county and Diocese of 
 Limerick, which gives the title of 
 Viscount to the Noble Family of Quin, 
 Earl of Dunraven, and Mount-Earle 
 in the Peerage of Ireland. The 
 Maigue river is navigable at Adare, 
 and from the town to the Shannon is a 
 distance of twelve miles of navigable 
 water. The old branch canal and 
 basin connecting the Maigue with 
 the town is widened and deepened, 
 and affords an inland navigation from 
 the Shannon for vessels of consider- 
 able draught. The town is in the 
 Barony of Coshma, south of Small 
 5 
 
 County Barony, and is not a place of 
 much importance, but it is situated in < 
 the midst of a greatly improved dis- ; 
 trict, noted for its excellent cider ! 
 produced from the apple known as 
 the cackagee. Adare Castle, the 
 splendid mansion of the Earl of Dun- 
 raven, in the later English style, and 
 one of the finest residences in the 
 South of Ireland, is situated on the 
 west bank of the Maigue, and be- 
 tween Adare and Askeaton is Currah 
 (De Vere, Bart.), an elegant mansion 
 in an extensive demesne, and possess- 
 ing a variety of beautiful scenery. 
 The town of Adare is interesting 
 from its ruined religious houses, 
 of which may be mentioned a con- 
 vent of Observantine Franciscans, on 
 the east side of the town, founded 
 in 1464 by Thomas Fitzmaurice, 
 seventh Earl of Kildare, and his Coun- 
 tess, a daughter of the seventh Earl . 
 of Desmond ; and the convent of Tri- 
 nitarian Friars, founded in the 13th 
 century by Thomas Fitzgerald, father 
 of the first Earls of Kildare and Des- 
 mond. The Castle of Adare, belong- 
 ing to the Earl of Desmond, w T as be- 
 sieged and taken by Lord Lixnaw in 
 1581, but recovered by Colonel Zouch. 
 Adare is eight miles from Limerick, 
 and has a good bridge over the 
 Maigue, of nine arches. The sur- 
 rounding country is remarkably beau- 
 tiful and romantic, and exhibits the 
 richest pasturage. Altogether Adare 
 is one of the prettiest rural towns in 
 Ireland. Population of the town, in 
 1831, 853 ; of the parish, 4364. 
 
 ADDARGHOOLE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Tyrawley, i 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala. Population in 1831, 5473. Post- j 
 town, Foxford. See Foxford. 
 
 ADNITH, or Adxett, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Eliogurty, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. It is nearly six miles from 
 Templemore. See Rahealty. . 
 
 ADREGOOLE, or Addergoole, 
 a parish in the Barony of Dunmore, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of ; 
 Tuam. It is poorly cultivated, and j 
 
AGH 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 AGH 
 
 the dwellings of the peasantry are 
 \rretched in the extreme. The vil- 
 lage is three miles from the post-town 
 ofDunmore. Population, 2392. 
 
 AFFANE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Decies-without- 
 Drum, county of Waterford, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore. The village, which 
 is five miles from the post-town of 
 Lismore, is situated at the confluence 
 of the Phinisk and Blackwater, both 
 of which are fordable, and is noted 
 for its fine cherries, introduced by the 
 celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh from 
 the Canary Islands. It has three an- 
 nual fairs. Population in 1831, 2000. 
 
 AGHA, or Augha, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Idrone East, 
 county of Carlow, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin. This district lies on the 
 east side of the river Barrow, and 
 here was an abbey, of which St Fi - 
 man, who is said to have died in the 
 seventh century, was superior. 
 
 AGHABOE, or Atjghavoe, for- 
 merly a Diocese, now annexed to that 
 of Ossory, in the Queen’s County. 
 The parish and village are in the Ba- 
 rony of Upper Ossory, and include the 
 village of Borris. The surface com- 
 prises about 16 Irish miles. It lies 
 chiefly in a rich valley, between the 
 mountains of Cullahill, which begin 
 beyond Durrow, at the Nore, in Kil- 
 kenny County, and the parallel ridge 
 of the Slieubloomy Mountains, which 
 separate the King’s from the Queen’s 
 County. There are no lakes. The 
 Nore skirts the parish on the north- 
 west ; the river Erkenny is the boun- 
 dary of those of Aghmacart and Dur- 
 row to the southward ; and a stream- 
 let called the Gully traverses it on 
 the east. Limestone of most excel- 
 lent q\iality is abundant, and there is 
 a quarry of brown slate impregnated 
 with vitriol. A tract of ground be- 
 hind the church of Aghaboe is of such 
 rich pasture, that little more than an 
 acre will fatten a bullock to a consi- 
 derable weight. Tliis was the site of 
 the ancient town, and afterwards the 
 garden demesne of the Dominican 
 Abbey. The villages chiefly consist 
 
 I 6 
 
 of scattered cabins. The remains of 
 ancient buildings are the Cathedral, 
 the Dominican Abbey — a roofless edi- 
 fice in the form of a cross, a few yards 
 from the parish church, two cells 
 above a mile distant, and an artificial 
 mound north of the church, about 45 
 feet in diameter at the summit, which 
 is inclosed by a stone wall. Several 
 agricultural improvements have been 
 effected in this parish. A fair is held 
 at Aghaboe in August and October. 
 Population in 1831, 5253. 
 
 AGHABOG, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Dartry, 
 county of Monaghan, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. The surface of the district 
 is hilly, and, like other parts of the 
 county, is densely peopled. The 
 cabins are thatched with straw, and 
 most of them have chimneys built 
 with sticks and clay, with occasion- 
 ally an old firkin stuck up as a chim- 
 ney-pot. The peasantry in this dis- 
 trict aie very poor, and are wretched- 
 ly off for clothing, many of them being 
 little better than in a state of nature. 
 Population in 1831, 6995. Post-town, 
 Cootehill. 
 
 AGHABOLOGUE, a parish, rec- 
 tory, and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Muskerry East, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne. In the church- 
 yard is a well in great repute, dedi- 
 cated to St Olan, and near it a stone 
 known as St Olan's Cap , believed 
 to possess miraculous powers. Ma- 
 cromp, the post-town, is five miles 
 distant. Population in 1831, 4396. 
 
 AGH ACRE W, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Kilnemanagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and annexed 
 Diocese of Emly. The post town of 
 Thurlow is 16 miles distant. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2759. 
 
 AGH AC ROSS. See Ahacross. 
 
 AGHADA, or Ahada, a parish, 
 rectory, and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Imokilly, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne, on the eastern 
 side of Cork Harbour. The village 
 is five miles west of Cloyne, the post- 
 town, and has a school supported by 
 the Marquis of Thomond, at which 
 
upwards of 100 boys are taught. The 
 villages of Faucit and Whitegate are 
 in the parish. Population in 1831, 
 6658. 
 
 AGHADE, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy in the county of Carlow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. This parish 
 is in the Barony of Rathvilly, on the 
 river Slaney, three miles from the 
 post-town of Tullow. 
 
 AGHADEE, a village in the coun- 
 ty of Cork, on Cuolagh Bay, near the 
 Kenmare river. 
 
 AGHADERG, or Aghaderrick, a 
 parish and vicarage in the county of 
 Down, and Diocese of Dromore, chief- 
 ly in the Upper Barony of Iveagh, in- 
 cluding the town of Scarva. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 8265. 
 
 AGHADOE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Magonihy, includ- 
 ing a part of the town of Killarney, 
 Kerry. Aghadoe was formerly a 
 bishopric, now annexed with Ard- 
 fert to the Diocese of Limerick. 
 It was a separate see before its sup- 
 pression in 1660 or 1663. Some ruins 
 of the Cathedral remain; also an 
 old circular tower, a round castle, 
 called the Bishops Chair ; and in the 
 vicinity are vestiges of a Druidical 
 temple. An Abbey is said to have 
 existed at Aghadoe in the 13th cen- 
 tury. The Cathedral and round 
 tower stand on the tabular surface 
 of the hill of Aghadoe, a bare green 
 eminence on the eastern shore of the 
 Lower Lake of Killarney, command- 
 ing a fine prospect of a great part of 
 the lake in the direction of its outlet 
 near Dunloe, with the whole range of 
 Tomies, a fine demesne. Both ruins 
 are surrounded by a densely crowded 
 burying-ground. The Cathedral is 
 alow oblong building, consisting of 
 two distinct chapels or churches of 
 unequal antiquity, and of somewhat 
 different architecture, separated by 
 a solid wall, which once had a com- 
 munication. The round tower is 
 about sixty feet from the north-west 
 angle of the Cathedral, and is called 
 the Pulpit by the peasantry ; all now 
 remaining of it is the basement, reach - 
 7 
 
 ing from the ground to the sill of the 
 door, and the height is about 15 feet. 
 
 “ Within and without,” says a local 
 writer, “ the spoliator has been effec- I 
 tually at work, aided by those worst 
 of pests, the gold-seekers — fellows 
 whose unhallowed dreams are most 
 fatal to our antiquities.” In the old 
 decayed episcopal town of Aghadoe 
 are several schools, one of which is ; 
 supported by subscription. There j 
 are numerous fine seats and mansions 
 between Aghadoe and the Gap of 
 Dunloe, the principal of which are 1 
 Lakewell, the residence of a brother j 
 of Daniel O’Connell, M.P. $ Fossa, j 
 near which is the Roman Catholic 
 parish chapel ; and Meenisk, or Agha- I 
 doe House, an elegant structure in j 
 the Italian style, in the vicinity of j 
 which is the new parish church. Po- ; 
 pulation in 1831, 3233. 
 
 AGHADOEY, a parish, rectory, | 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cole- 
 raine, on the river so called, in the 
 county and Diocese of Derry. It 
 contains the villages of Meohill, Ka- : 
 hany, and others, and the district is 
 about seven miles from the post-town 
 of Coleraine. Population in 1831,7581. 
 
 AGHADO WN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Carbery West, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Ross. 
 
 It is situated on the lien, which en- j 
 ters Baltimore Harbour, and is navi- 
 gable for vessels of 200 tons burden 
 to nearly its eastern extremity. The 
 islands of East Calf, Hare, East and 
 West Innisbeg, and Scheams, belong 
 to the parish. The post-town of 
 Skibbereen is four miles distant, and 
 fairs are held on the 6th of May and 
 2d of October. Population in 1831, 
 5461. 
 
 AGHAGALLEN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Massareene, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Dromore, three miles from Moira, 
 the post-town. In this parish are 
 upwards of 100 acres of bog. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2987. See Aghalee. 
 
 AGHAGOUR, a parish, rectory, 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Burrishoole and Murrisk, county of 
 
AGH 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 AGH 
 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, four 
 miles from Westport, and 12§ from 
 the post-town of Ballinrobe. It con- 
 tains the hamlets of Ayle, Ardygom- 
 mon, Cushinkeel, Triangle, Lanmore, 
 and AghagoUr. The parish church, 
 said to have been founded by St Pa- 
 trick, who. if all be true which is said 
 of him, was a most extensive church- 
 builder, belonged to the abbey of 
 Achad-Fobhair. Population in 1831, 
 9667. 
 
 AGHAKISTY, a village on the 
 south side of the long promontory 
 formed by Bantry and Dunmanus 
 Bays, county of Cork. 
 
 AGHALEE, a parish, vicarage, 
 townland, and village, in the Barony 
 of Upper Massareene, county of An- 
 trim, and Diocese of Dromore, two 
 miles from the post-town of Moira. 
 It is united to the parishes of Agha- 
 gallen and Magheramisk, in the Dio- 
 cese of Connor, and bounded partly on 
 the east by Lisburn, and on the west 
 by Lough Neagh. Almost the whole 
 land, which comprises upwards of 
 8500 English acres, is arable, and is in 
 meadow or tillage, as it suits the con- 
 venience of the farmer. There are 
 no rivers, but the canal from Belfast 
 to Lough Neagh, called the Laggan 
 Navigation, passes through the dis- 
 trict. There are no mountains or 
 hills of any note. The only village 
 is Aghalee, which, besides the pa- 
 rish church, has a Roman Catholic 
 chapel and a Presbyterian meeting- 
 house. The inhabitants are chiefly 
 employed in agriculture and the linen 
 manufacture. The farms are gene- 
 rally small, from 10 to 20 acres, but 
 a few are more extensive. The an- 
 tiquities are ruins of churches, a 
 round tower, and some forts. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1222. 
 
 AGHALOE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Dungannon, county 
 of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh. The village of Aghaloe is two 
 miles from the post-town of Tynan, 
 and in the parish is the post-town of 
 Caledon. The district extends along 
 the Blackwater river. There are two 
 8 
 
 endowed schools, one of which was 
 founded by the Countess of Caledon 
 for 40 girls. Population in 1831, 8005. 
 
 AGHALURCHER, a parish, rec- 
 tory, and vicarage, in a Barony which 
 rejoices in the formidable name of 
 Magherastephana, in the county of 
 Fermanagh, and Diocese of Clogher, 
 but part of it is in the Barony of 
 Clogher, county of Tyrone. The 
 parish extends along Lough Erne, 
 and is said to be not less than 17 miles 
 in length and five in breadth, com- 
 prising about 47,016 acres, including 
 3157 acres under water, of which 4708 
 acres are in Tyrone, and the rest in 
 Fermanagh. Agriculture is in an 
 improving state, and the peasantry, in 
 addition to their rural occupations, 
 are employed in spinning and weav- 
 ing. Limestone abounds, and there 
 are several excellent freestone quar- 
 ries. Maguire’s River traverses the 
 whole extent of the parish, which is 
 crossed by substantial bridges, and is 
 navigable. Maguire’s Bridge is a 
 considerable market-town, and in the 
 parish are the post-town of Lisnaskea 
 and several villages. Among the man- 
 sions may be mentioned Cole-Brooke 
 (Brooke, Bart.), Curragh, Nutfield, 
 Drumgoon, Shebrag, and Holybrook. 
 Besides the Roman Catholic chapels 
 there are Presbyterian and Methodist 
 meeting-houses. The antiquities are 
 chiefly old castles in ruins. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 12,739, and including Ma- 
 guire’s Bridge and Lisnaskea, 15,218. 
 
 AGHMACART, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Upper Os- 
 sory, Queen’s County, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, five miles from the post-town 
 of Durrow. The soil is fertile, and 
 the arable ground in tolerable culti- 
 vation. The waste land is almost en- 
 tirely mountain. Among the resi- 
 dences are Philipsborough, Belmont, 
 Old Town, Lodgefield, and Edmunds- 
 bury. Two fairs are held annually 
 at Culla Hill, at which is the Roman 
 Catholic chapel. The parish church 
 is a part of a Priory founded for Ca- 
 nons Regular by a personage named 
 O’Dempsey, on the site of an abbey 
 
AGH of IRELAND. AGH 
 
 alleged to have been erected about 
 A.D. 550. In the beautiful and ro- 
 mantic demesne of the La Touch fa- 
 mily are the remains of an old castle, 
 at the base of a hill overlooking a 
 lake surrounded with woods. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3086.- 
 
 AGHAMORE, or Abbey Isle, a 
 small island at the mouth of the 
 Kenmare in Kilcrohan parish, Kerry, 
 but accessible on foot at low water. 
 Some traces of an abbey founded in 
 the seventh century for Augustine 
 monks are still visible. The Earl of 
 Orrery is proprietor. 
 
 AGHAMORE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Costello, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam. Seve- 
 ral small lakes diversify the surface 
 of the parish; and there is a consi- 
 derable tract of bog. The mansions 
 are Cooge, Annach, and Oahill. Four 
 annual fairs are held at Ballinacos- 
 tello. The parish church forms part 
 of an ancient monastery, said to have 
 been founded by St Patrick for his 
 follower, St Loarn. The post-town 
 of Ballyhaunis is five miles distant. 
 Population, 4930. 
 
 AGHANAGH. See Aughana. 
 
 AGHANCON. See Aghincon. 
 
 AGHANLOO, a parish, rectory, 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ken- 
 naught, county and Diocese of Derry, 
 two miles from Ne wton-Limavady, the 
 post-town. The soil on the banks of 
 the Roe is fertile, and produces good 
 crops of grain; limestone is abundant 
 throughout the parish, which con- 
 tains upwards of 8251 acres. The 
 mountain of Benyevenagh, which 
 rises to the height of 1260 feet above 
 the level of Lough Foyle, affords ex- 
 cellent pasturage, and is cultivated 
 nearly to the summit on its western 
 side. Lough Foyle expands at its 
 base. Ballycastle was built in 1619 
 by the Haberdashers’ Company of 
 London, and was besieged in 1641 by 
 the insurgents, but successfully and 
 bravely defended by Captain Philips 
 the governor. Population in 1831, 
 1879. 
 
 AGHARNEY. See Aharney. 
 
 1 9 
 
 AGH A V ALL AH, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Iraghticon- 
 nor, county of Kerry, and annexed 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe. 
 The district lies along the Shannon, 1 
 about six miles from the post- town ! 
 of Tarbert; it contains the town or 1 
 village of Ballylongford, and includes j 
 the Carrig-a-foile Island. The O’ Con- j 
 nors of Kerry once possessed the j 
 castle, now in ruins, on the south- 1 
 west of the inlet between the main- j 
 land and the island. This castle, 
 with the whole Barony, was forfeited 
 by them in 1666, and conferred upon 
 Trinity College, Dublin. The parish j 
 comprises about 15,152 statute acres, 
 a third of which is mountain pasture 
 and bog. Population in 1831, 4707. 
 
 AGHAVEAH, a parish, rectory, 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Mag- 
 herastephana, county of Fermanagh, 
 and Diocese of Clogher, three miles 
 from the post-town of Lisnaskea, 
 on the road from which to Five- 
 Mile- Town is the village of Brook- 
 borough, within the parish. The 
 parish comprises 17,142 statute acres. 
 The mountain and bog tracts afford 
 good pasturage and fuel, and the ar- 
 able parts are under tillage. There ! 
 are several residences, such as Nut- 1 
 field, Abbey Lodge, Greenhill, White- 
 park, and Gola. See Brookborough. 
 
 AGHENISH, an island of the 1 
 Shannon, in the Barony of Lower ; 
 Costello, and parish of Robertstown, 
 county of Limerick. It is inhabited, 
 and had a population in 1831 of 109. 
 
 AGHER, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Upper Deece, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, two miles from 
 the post-tow'n of Summerhill. It , 
 contains about 1900 statute acres, the 
 greater part of which is under til- 
 lage, and much of the original bog is 
 either planted, or is rendered good 
 pasturage. Agher House is an ele- 
 gant seat, on a spacious domain, orna- 
 mented by old timber. The Royal 
 Canal passes near the southern ex- 
 tremity of the district. In the pa- 
 rish church is a fine painted window 
 representing St Paul preaching at 
 
AGH 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 AGH 
 
 Athens, which was in the private 
 chapel of Dangan Castle, in the ad- 
 joining parish, the seat of the Wel- 
 lesley Family, in which the Duke of 
 Wellington was born. Population 
 in 1831, 447. 
 
 AGHERN, or Ahern, a parish, 
 rectory, and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Kinnataloon, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Clovne, on the river 
 Bride, upwards of five miles from the 
 post-town of Rathcormuck. The 
 river Bride waters the district, which 
 is crossed by a bridge of three 
 arches. The soil is in general fertile, 
 and agriculture is rapidly improving. 
 Population in 1831, 1107. 
 
 AGHERTON, or Ballyachron, a 
 parish and rectory within the Liber- 
 ties of Coleraine, county of Derry, 
 and Diocese of Connor, including the 
 village of Port-Stewart. It lies 
 along the coast of the North Chan- 
 nel, and comprises the whole of the 
 promontory between the Bann river 
 and the sea. In the parish is a school 
 for the education of forty-six children, 
 founded by Erasmus Smith. The 
 greater part of the district is arable ; 
 the cultivation of wheat was intro- 
 duced in 1829; excellent crops of bar- 
 ley, potatoes, turnips, and mangel 
 wurzel are raised ; and the agriculture 
 of the parish is described as being 
 greatly improved. Iron ore is found, 
 and could probably be worked with 
 success. Some linen and linen yarn 
 are manufactured, and many of the 
 inhabitants are occupied in the fish- 
 eries. The Bann abounds with sal- 
 mon, and enters the sea under the 
 point of Downhill, a seat erected by 
 the Earl of Bristol when Bishop of 
 Derry. Among the mansions are 
 Cromore, Flowerfield, O’Hara Castle, 
 Low Rock, and Black Rock, and 
 there are several villas and bathing 
 residences at Port-Stewart. There 
 are some remains of the ancient cas- 
 tle of Mac Quill an; an old church is 
 in ruins, near which is a very remark- 
 able cave formed of uncemented walls 
 covered with large flat stones ; there 
 are other caves ; and on the townland 
 10 
 
 of Carnanee is the triangular fort 
 Crag-an- Ariff. The father of the 
 
 celebrated Wesleyan Methodist, Dr 
 Adam Clarke, kept a school for some 
 years in this parish, and the Doctor 
 himself spent much of the latter part 
 of his life at Port-Stewart. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1496 ; including that 
 town, 2746. See Port-Stewart. 
 
 AGHIART, or Ballynakill, a 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Killyhan, county of Galway, and Dio- 
 cese of Tuam. It lies along the shore 
 of Ballynakill Bay. The coast abounds 
 with sea-weed and coralines of va- 
 rious kinds, which are the constant 
 manure for potatoes, followed by 
 crops of wheat, oats, and occasionally 
 barley; and here, as in many places 
 on the coast, are produced the fine 
 early potatoes called Windeleers, from 
 several feet depth of pure sea-sand 
 manured by sea-weed. There are 
 inexhaustible beds of oyster bank 
 sand. Mr Dutton, in his Survey of 
 Galway, published in 1824, says, that 
 in one part of this parish the oyster 
 bed sand “had been spread on a piece 
 of wet moory land worth little; it 
 immediately became rich meadow, 
 mostly Fiorin grass, and has con- 
 tinued for upwards of forty years to 
 produce meadow, though to this day 
 (1824), to the disgrace of the proprie- 
 tor, it remains undrained.” The 
 post-town is Ballynamore. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1239. 
 
 AGHINCON, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Clonlisk 
 and Ballybrit, King’s County, and 
 Diocese of Killaloe, 3£ miles from the 
 post-town of Rosecrea. The soil is 
 very inferior, and the district con- 
 tains little of interest except the 
 mansions of Leap Castle and Summer 
 Hill, the ruins of Ballybrit Castle, 
 and a mineral spring on the town- 
 land of Garryhill. Population in 1831, 
 956. 
 
 AGHNAMADLE, known by the 
 ludicrous name of Kilderi ydadrum, a 
 parish, rectory, and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Upper Ormond, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Killaloe 
 
AGH OF IRELAND. AGH 
 
 Liberal provision has been made by 
 James Hewitt, Esq. and Massey Daw- 
 son, Esq. for instructing all the poor 
 children of the parish, and there is a 
 parochial school for boys. The post- 
 town of Moneygall is 3§ miles distant. 
 Population in 1831, 2947. 
 
 AGHNAMOLT. See Anxamult. 
 
 AGHNAMULLEN, a parish, rec- 
 tory, and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Cremorne, county of Monaghan, and 
 Diocese of Clogher, 2± miles from 
 Ballybay, on the road to Dublin. It 
 is said to comprise 30,710 statute 
 acres, including 1643 acres covered 
 by water, of which large tracts are 
 mountain and bog. The mountain 
 of Bunnanimma, though not 900 feet 
 above the level of the sea, is six miles 
 in circumference. The abundant sup- 
 ply of water has introduced bleach* 
 field establishments at Crieve near 
 Ballybay, Cremorne, Drumfaldra, and 
 Chantinee; there are flax-mills at 
 Crieve and Laragh, and numbers of 
 corn and other mills. Among the 
 residences are Mountain Lodge, Chan- 
 tinee, Crieve House, Cremorne Green, 
 Laragh, Bushford, Milmore, &c. 
 The townland of Cremorne gives the 
 title of Baron, in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land, to the Family of Dawson, so 
 created in 1797. In the district are 
 several lakes, the principal of which 
 are Lough Avean, Lough Eagish, and 
 Lough Chantinee. The villages are 
 Ballytrain, Chantinee, Crieve, Cre- 
 morne, and Laragh. There are se- 
 veral schools throughout the parish. 
 Population in 1831, 18,032. 
 
 AGHNISH, a village situated on 
 the Bay of Galway, near Aghnish 
 Point, a cape on the western coast, 
 five miles from Burren, in the parish 
 of Oughtmanna, county of Clare. It 
 is a summer sea-bathing resort. On 
 Aghnish Point is a conspicuous Mar- 
 tello Tower, and a similar one on 
 Finavia Point, in a detached portion 
 of the parish. 
 
 AGHNISH, or Anghnish, a parish, 
 rectory, and vicarage, united with 
 Tully, in the Barony of Kilmacrenan, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 11 
 
 Raphoe. It extends along Lough 
 Swilly, and contains the villages of 
 Carrigalt and Millbrook, and part of 
 the post-town of Ramelton, with the 
 island of Aghnish in Lough Swilly. 
 The parish is said to comprise 9194 
 acres, principally arable and pasture, 
 and much of the waste land is re- 
 claimed. Here are extensive bleach- 
 fields and several flour-mills, and the 
 vicinity of the river Lannon, which is 
 navigable for vessels of 150 tons to 
 Ramelton, is of great advantage to 
 the district. The principal country 
 residences are Fort- Stewart (Stewart, 
 Bart.) and Shellfield. A part of an 
 abbey, alleged to have been founded 
 by St Columb, is used as the parish 
 church. Population in 1831, 4937. See 
 Rameltox. 
 
 AGHOLD, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony designated by the famous 
 name of Shillelagh , county of Wick- 
 low, and annexed Diocese of Leighlin. 
 Although the district is considerably 
 improved, mountain and bog still 
 carry sovereign sway. In the parish 
 are several schools. In the village 
 of Coolkenoe is the parish church. 
 The post-town of Tullow is four 
 miles distant. Population in 1831, 
 2977. 
 
 AGHOUR, a parish in the Barony 
 of Cranagh, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory, consisting of 2108 
 acres. It contains the town of 
 Freshford. Population in 1831, 2351. 
 See Freshford. 
 
 AGHRIM. See Aughrim and 
 Rathdrum. 
 
 AGHRIS, a promontory at the 
 southern entrance of Sligo Bay, on 
 the Atlantic, eleven miles west of 
 Sligo. Between this Point and the 
 large Lake called Lough Corrib the 
 surface is very mountainous, the ele- 
 vations being from 1200 to upwards of 
 2000 feet in height. This is part of the 
 district of Connamara, and the most 
 prominent mountains are the group 
 of Binabola, known as the Tuelve 
 Pins, between the head of Lough 
 Corrib and Aghris Point, and be- 
 tween Birterbuy Bay and the Kil- 
 
AGL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 AGL 
 
 
 lery, occupying a space of from five 
 to eight square miles. 
 
 AGHRY (Lough), a lake in Ana- 
 hilt parish, county of Down, said to 
 cover upwards of 100 acres, and 
 abounding with trout, pike, and eels. 
 No streams run into it, and it must 
 be supplied by springs. Its level, 
 though increased by snow, is seldom 
 raised by rain. 
 
 AGHTJLTIE. See Ballyhooley. 
 
 AGIVEY, an extra parochial and 
 generally fertile district in Agha- 
 dowy parish, Derry, but its prosperity 
 ; is greatly retarded by its numerous 
 i small holdings, in the occupation of 
 ' very poor tenants. It is said to com- 
 prise 1728 statute acres, and forms 
 j part of the estates of the Ironmon- 
 | gers’ Company of London. Potters’ 
 clay of good quality is found, and a 
 considerable manufacture of coarse 
 earthenware, bricks, &c. is carried on. 
 
 AGIVEY, a stream in the county 
 of Londonderry, composed of several 
 rivulets descending from the ranges 
 of Donald’s Hill and Benbradach, 
 three miles from each other. 
 
 AGLISH, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Baronies of Barretts and Musker- 
 ry East, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 nine and a half miles distant fr omCork. 
 The district is watered by the rivers 
 Lee and Bride, and is remarkably 
 beautiful. It is said to comprise 
 6701 statute acres, the greater part of 
 which is arable, and agriculture is 
 improving. The mansions of Farr en 
 Lodge, Elm Park, Rose-Mount, and 
 Curshaly, ornament the parish. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2782. 
 
 AGLISH, a parish in the Barony 
 of Tullagh, county of Clare, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe. It forms part of the 
 district, separated from Tipperary 
 county by the Shannon, which could 
 be rendered valuable and productive 
 by inclosing and draining, and by the 
 application of lime and marl. See 
 Castlebar. 
 
 AGLISH, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Magonihy, county of 
 Kerry, and annexed Diocese of Ard- 
 fert, about four miles from the post- 
 12 
 
 town of Milltown, on the north-east 
 side of the river Laune. The parish 
 comprises 4924 statute acres, the 
 greater part of which is under tillage, 
 and the cultivation considerably im- 
 proved ; but a small tract consists of 
 bog. An excellent freestone quarry 
 is at Bar ley mount. The parish 
 
 church’is a remarkably neat structure, 
 the roof covered with iron, and sur- 
 mounted by an octagon tower on a 
 square base. The Roman Catholic 
 chapel is at Ballyhar, on the borders 
 of this parish, within that of Kilcre- 
 dan. One of the schools is supported 
 by the Earl of Kenmare. Population 
 in 1831, 1901 ; according to another 
 statement, 2298. 
 
 AGLISH, or Aglish-Martin, a 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Iverk, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory, three miles from 
 Waterford, on the river Suir, includ- 
 ing the village of Portnescully. The 
 parish “comprises 2414 statute acres, 
 but contains no particular object of 
 interest. Population in 1831, 1665. 
 
 AGLISH, a parish and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Decies-within- 
 Drum, county of Waterford, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore, upwards of five 
 miles from the post-town of Tallow. 
 It is situated on the Blackwater, and 
 includes the village of Villierstown. 
 It is stated to contain 11,299 acres, of 
 which probably 1680 acres are waste 
 bog or marsh, but generally afford- 
 ing good pasturage. A part of the 
 surface is also hilly, but the soil on 
 the banks of the Blackwater is fertile. 
 There are extensive plantations. The 
 chapel at Villierstown is independent 
 of the vicarage, and was founded and 
 endowed by John Earl of Grandison. 
 The Roman Catholic chapels are at 
 Aglish, Ballynamileach, and Slieve- 
 grine, and also a Mary chapel, but 
 some of these are in the parishes of 
 Ardmore and Whitechurch. Seve- 
 ral schools are in the district. In 
 this parish are the ruins of Barley 
 Abbey, and a square edifice said to 
 have been erected by King John. 
 Population, 3689. 
 
AGLISH, or Eglish-Cloghaxe, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Killaloe, 6£ miles from 
 the post-town of Birr. There are 
 two small hamlets. A great quan- 
 tity of waste land has been reclaimed, 
 but it has still a goodly surface of 
 hog. The Roman Catholic chapel 
 is in the village of Aglish, or Eglish, 
 which is a poor place. Population, 
 1961. 
 
 AGLISH-CORMICK, or Liscor- 
 mick, a parish, rectory, and vicarage, 
 in the county of Limerick, and Diocese 
 of Emly. It is said to contain 1020 
 acres, and the land is in general of 
 superior quality if properly cultivat- 
 ed. Population in 1831, 316. 
 
 AGLISH-DRINAGH, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Orrery and 
 Kilmore, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, about four miles from the 
 post-town of Charleville. The sur- 
 face is generally hilly, hut the arable 
 land is of good quality. Population 
 in 1831, 973. 
 
 AGLISH- VENAN. See Bally- 
 mac art. 
 
 AHACROSS, a small parish in the 
 Barony of Clondons and Clongibbons, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, four miles from the post- 
 town of Mitchelston. Fairs are held 
 on the 20th of January and 4th of 
 October. See Mologa, or Temple- 
 
 MOLLOGA. 
 
 AHAMLISH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Upper Carbery, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of El- 
 phin, about nine miles from Sligo. 
 It lies on the Atlantic, between the 
 Bays of Donegal and Sligo, and con- 
 tains 9286 acres, of which nearly 2000 
 are bog or waste, but the general sur- 
 face is bare and uninteresting, and 
 the chief plantation is a small one on 
 the estate of Grellagh, near the river 
 Bunduff, the property of Lord’Vis- 
 count Palmerston, in 1841"*her Majes- 
 ty’s Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 
 who is proprietor of nearly the whole 
 parish, and who has reclaimed a con- 
 siderable quantity of bog, and made 
 13 
 
 great improvements at Mullaghmor 3. 
 Limestone and turf are abundant, but 
 agriculture is in a backward state, 
 and the implements are very inferior. 
 The river Bunduff contains a salmon- 
 fishery, and in the parish are corn- 
 mills. The principal residences are 
 Grange, Moneygold, and Creenymore. 
 The mountain of Benalbin stretches 
 east and west. Grange, the chief 
 village, is a poor place, consisting of 
 one street, the houses, with few ex- 
 ceptions, being thatched cabins or 
 hovels ; it is, however, a coast-guard 
 and police station, and has seven 
 fairs. In the parish church is a 
 monument to the memory of Mr 
 James Soden, who died in 1705 at the 
 patriarchal age of 109. The Roman 
 Catholic chapels at Grange and Clif- 
 fony were erected at the sole expense 
 of Viscount Palmerston, who also 
 supports several schools. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 6113. 
 
 AHARAGH, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Abbeyshruel, county 
 of Longford, and annexed Diocese of 
 Ardagh. It is said to contain 2277 
 acres, a large tract of which is bog. 
 Castle 'Wilder is the chief residence. 
 Post-town, Colehill. See Kilglass. 
 
 AH ARNEY, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Upper 
 Ossory and Galmoy, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Ossory, three 
 miles from Durrow. It is situated on 
 the river Nore, and contains the vil- 
 lage of Lisdowney. The parish is com- 
 puted to consist of 6809 statute acres, 
 divided between tillage and pasturage; 
 limestone is abundant, and there are 
 several flour. mill s- Ballyconra is 
 the ancient seat of the Butlers, Earls 
 of Kilkenny, in a fine demesne on the 
 banks of the Nore. Population in 
 1831, 1548. 
 
 AHASCRAGH, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Elphin. It is partly in the 
 Barony of Clonmacnoon, in which are 
 the villages of Cournamuckla and 
 Kilglass, partly in the Barony of Kil- 
 connel, in which is the village of Kil- 
 leen, and partly in Killyhan Barony. 
 
 B 
 
AHA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 AHO 
 
 Between the post-town of Ahascragh 
 and Lowville is a very large tract of 
 marl, but said to be of inferior quali- 
 ty. Green crops are successfully cul- 
 tivated on the estate of Lord Clon- 
 brock, whose irrigated meadows are 
 also productive. His Lordship’s fine 
 seat of Clonbr ock, r oundwhich is some 
 of the finest old timber in Connaught, 
 is in the vicinity of the town of Ahas- 
 cragh, the parish church of which is 
 part of an ancient abbey founded by St 
 Cuan, who died A.D.788. Another fine 
 mansion in the vicinity is Castlegar. 
 Ahascragh is rather a pretty village, 
 situated above a little sluggish stream 
 crossed by abridge. Adjoining is the 
 neat parish church and parsonage 
 house, and the incumbent has institut- 
 ed in this place a lending fund, which, 
 we are told, “is established on such 
 good principles, that, though it cir- 
 culates L.3000 annually among the 
 lower classes, and has been the means 
 of giving comfort and competence to 
 hundreds, yet it is not decreasing 
 its capital, and there are very few in- 
 stances indeed where the people who 
 take advantage of the loan do not 
 strictly discharge their engagements.” 
 Ahascragh has a holy well, into which, 
 according to the legend, St Cuan, the 
 patron saint of the place, wa3 accus- 
 tomed to descend and stand up to his 
 middle, until he repeated the whole 
 150 Psalms. Near it are fir trees, be- 
 lieved to be of great virtue, round 
 which those doing penance, either im- 
 posed or voluntary, are said to creep 
 on their knees so many times repeat- 
 ing paters and aves. The holy St 
 Cuan, the patron saint of Ahascragh, 
 must have been a most wonderful per- 
 sonage. It is believed that he sailed 
 across Lough Corrib with eight of his 
 disciples on one of the flat limestones 
 which are abundant along its shores. 
 His mother on one occasion admired 
 his beautiful black eyes, when im- 
 mediately the humble saint, fearful 
 that this flattery would make him 
 vain, gouged each of his eyes out with 
 his forefingers, and cast them both 
 from him. Two ravens came to pick 
 14 
 
 them up, but the eyes were snatched 
 from their bills by angels, who restor- 
 ed them to St Cuan. The fame of this 
 miracle went abroad, and thousands 
 resorted from all quarters to Ahas- 
 cragh to see him. Fairs are held on 
 Easter Monday, Wednesday in Trini- 
 ty week, and in March, August, and 
 November. Population in 1831, 5205. 
 
 AHINAGH, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, in the Barony ofMuskerry 
 East, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, 2| miles from the post-town 
 of Macromp. It is situated on the 
 Lee, which is crossed at the village 
 of Carrigadrohid by a bridge built by 
 order of Cromwell, and connecting 
 the district with the pretty rural vil- 
 lage of Killinardrish. Numbers of 
 neat and commodious residences are 
 on the banks of this river ; the man- 
 sion of Oakgrove is situated in a fine 
 demesne, surrounded by thriving oak 
 woods; and Cooltalta is an elegant 
 villa. There are several extensive 
 plantations, and much of the district 
 has a pleasing aspect. The castles 
 of Carrigadrohid and Mashanaglass 
 are ancient edifices, the former, said 
 to have been built by the Macarthy 
 or O’Leary family, a massive struc- 
 ture, with some modern additions, on 
 a rock overlooking the Lee, near the 
 bridge, and the latter the residence 
 of the MacSwineys, a square gloomy 
 tower in ruins. Near it is the Crook- 
 ed Glen, through which a road is 
 carried, inclosed by precipitous 
 rocks, covered with wood. The 
 other antiquities are standing stones, 
 raths, or forts, and artificial caves. 
 Population in 1831, 2422. 
 
 AHOGHILL, a parish in the Baro- 
 nies of Kilconway and Upper Toome, 
 but chiefly in Lower Toome, in the 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, three miles from the post- 
 town of Ballymena. Fairs are held 
 in June, August, and December. The 
 river Maine, on which are bleach- 
 fields, intersects the parish, and it is 
 also watered and bounded by the 
 Bann. The surface is hilly, but 
 many of the eminences are flanked, 
 
AIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 and the valley of the Maine is very 
 beautiful. Much remains to be done 
 as it respects agricultural improve- 
 ments, and several extensive tracts 
 of bog and waste land could be pro- 
 fitably reclaimed. Unlike most of 
 the Irish villages, that of Ahoghill 
 is neat and well built, and has three 
 Presbyterian meeting-houses, two of 
 which are connected with the body 
 called the “Presbyterian Synod of 
 Ireland,” and Ahoghill is the seat of 
 one of their Presbyteries, consisting 
 of eleven congregations in 1840. 
 The parish contains other Dissenting 
 meeting-houses in the villages of 
 Aughnahoy and Portglenone, the lat- 
 ter, however, now in a distinct pa- 
 rish. Monthly fairs are held in Ahog - 
 hill for the sale of linen, the manu- 
 facture of which is a great avocation 
 of the inhabitants. Galgorm Castle is 
 a seat of the Earl of Mountcashel, and 
 is a fine square embattled edifice. 
 The other mansions are Mount Dar- 
 res, Low Park, Ballybollan, Fenaghy, 
 Lisnafillan, Leighnmore, and Dru- 
 mona. In this parish is the Mora- 
 vian settlement of Gracehill, two 
 miles from Ballymena, and 20 miles 
 from Belfast, containing about 200 
 Irish acres, in the finest state of cul- 
 tivation. Earl O’Neill is the proprie- 
 tor of the townland. The river 
 Maine forms the eastern boundary. 
 A variety of business and trades are 
 carried on by the inhabitants. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 14,920. See Grace- 
 hill. 
 
 AILEACH, or the Grianan of Ail- 
 each, in Donegal, is perhaps the most 
 remarkable memorial of antiquity in 
 the county, and is interesting as the 
 Palace of the Northern Irish Kings 
 from the most remote antiquity down 
 to the twelfth century. It stands on 
 a hill upwards of 800 feet in height, 
 near the head of Lough Swilly, an 
 arm of the sea extending inland about 
 20 miles, the summit of this hill com- 
 ma nding a noble prospect, and is sur- 
 mounted by three concentric ram- 
 parts of earth, intermixed with un- 
 cemented stones. Aileach, which 
 15 
 
 means the Stone Fortress , is approach- 
 ed by an ancient paved road, leading 
 through these ramparts by a hollow 
 passage to the dun or stone fortress 
 in the centre. This portion consists 
 of a circular wall, of Cyclopean archi- 
 tecture, varying from 15 feet to 11£ 
 feet in breadth, and at present six 
 feet in height, inclosing an area of 
 77£ feet in diameter. The thickness 
 of this wall is diminished at about 
 five feet from the base by a terrace, 
 extending round the interior, from 
 which are flights of steps. Within 
 the thickness of the wall, opening off 
 the interior, are two galleries, each 
 two feet two inches wide at the bot- 
 tom, and nearly two feet at the top 
 by five feet in height, extending 
 round one-half of the circumference 
 on each side of the entrance door -way, 
 but with which they do not commu- 
 nicate. In the centre are the re- 
 mains of a small oblong building, of 
 more recent date, and uncertain ori- 
 gin. The space contained within the 
 outer inclosure is five and a half 
 acres ; within the second, about four 
 acres ; within the third, one acre ; and 
 within the central building, one- 
 fourth of an acre. The stones are 
 not laid in courses, are not chiselled, 
 and are without cement of any kind. 
 According to an ancient Irish poem, 
 printed in the First Part of the “ Me- 
 moir of the Ordnance Survey of Ire- 
 land,” and admitted to have been 
 written before A.D. 1100, this singu- 
 lar fortress was built by Eochy Olla- 
 hir, whose reign is one of the earliest 
 epochs of Irish history, and the names 
 of the architects, the number of the 
 ramparts, and the occasion of the un- 
 dertaking, are duly chronicled. In- 
 deed, previous to the publication of 
 this document, the rise and history 
 of this structure were unknown. In 
 A.D. 1101, it was reduced to its pre- 
 sent state of ruin by Murtagh O’Brien, 
 King of Munster, to revenge the de- 
 struction of Kincora in Clare, by 
 Donnell MacLoughlin, King of Ulster, 
 in 1088. It is said that Murtagh 
 caused a stone of the demolished 
 
ALL THE GAZETTEER ALL 
 
 fortress to be carried to Limerick, 
 for every sack of plunder carried 
 home by his soldiers. 
 
 AISGIR-READA, a range of gra- 
 vel hills, which cuts the line of the 
 Shannon at right angles between 
 Athlone and Clonmacnorse, causing 
 the river to form a curve or bend ; and 
 ! the hills, breaking their direct line as 
 they approach, form an amphitheatre. 
 
 ALISH. See Rathkyran. 
 
 ALLAHIES MINES, several pros- 
 * perous copper mines in the vicinity 
 of the town of Castletown, Berehaven, 
 
 1 county of Cork, at which 1500 persons 
 are employed, and diffusing comfort 
 over an otherwise sterile and very un- 
 productive district. The Allahies 
 ! Mines are the principal copper mines 
 in Ireland, and are ten miles from 
 , Skibbereen. They were originally 
 ! wrought in 1814, and the ore contains 
 from 55 to 65 per cent. The ashes of 
 a bog impregnated with copper in 
 the neighbourhood, yielded a consi- 
 derable return till .burnt out. A 
 deposit of manganese is wrought with 
 profit on the same coast. 
 
 ALLEN, an island on which is a 
 village so called, in the Barony of Con- 
 nel, and county of Kildare, three 
 miles from the city of Kildare. 
 
 ALLEN, a most extensive tract of 
 moor and bog, parts of which are in 
 the counties of Dublin, Kildare, 
 Meath, King’s County, and Queen’s 
 County. It comprises from 200,000 
 to 300,000 acres. A considerable part 
 of it has been made arable, and adapt- 
 ed for pasturage, and it derives great 
 advantage from its being intersected 
 by the Grand and Royal Canals. In 
 1821 a large portion of it floated four 
 miles distant, and destroyed some of 
 the best land in Queen’s County. Con- 
 nected with the Bog of Allen, a detach- 
 ed group of hills occupies the south- 
 ern margin of the bog, which is in the 
 central northern division of Kildare 
 County. This group consists of the 
 Red Hill, the Dunmurry Hill, the 
 Grange Hill, and the Hill of Allen, but 
 this last is detached from the others, 
 and terminates the range on the 
 16 
 
 north-east. It is a conical elevation, 
 about 300 feet above the surrounding 
 surface, which is probably 260 feet 
 above the level of the sea, and is near- 
 ly isolated by tracts of peat bog. The 
 Hill of Allen is composed of a mass 
 of granular compact greenstone, 
 and greenstone porphyry protruded 
 through floetz limestone ; and large 
 crystals of hornblende and felspar 
 occur throughout the greenstone. At 
 the northern extremity of the Hill is 
 a slight eminence called the Leap of 
 Alleriy composed of red sandstone 
 quarried for millstones. Indications 
 of copper have been observed on 
 Dunmurry Hill. North from this 
 range the upland district of the Bog 
 spreads east and west, forming the 
 southern boundary of the basin of 
 the Boyne, and the western and 
 northern boundary of the valley of the 
 Liffey. At least 50,000 statute acres 
 of this district are connected with the 
 vast peat Bog of Allen, and this tract 
 is traversed by the Grand and Royal 
 Canals already mentioned, in nearly 
 parallel lines from east to west. The ' 
 Grand Canal intersects about 40,000 ! 
 statute acres of peat moss, in some J 
 places forty feet deep, resting on j 
 limestone gravel, which rises in low i 
 ridges susceptible of cultivation, be- 1 
 tween the principal fields of morass. 
 Of this description is the Island of 
 Allen , an elevated tract surrounded 
 by bog, between the summit level of 
 the Canal and the decayed episcopal 
 city of Kildare. Large quantities of 
 peat are cut along the line of the 
 Canal for sale in Dublin. The huts 
 of the turf-cutters are wretched 
 hovels, excavated from the banks of 
 the morass, and covered with sods. 
 These are the only human habita- 
 tions for a number of miles, and the 
 miserable village, which enjoys the 
 ridiculous name of Prosperous , is si- 
 tuated near the eastern extremity of 
 this dreary, sterile, and inhospitable 
 region. The north-western part of 
 Kildare County, extending from the 
 Bog to the Boyne, is open, and chiefly 
 in pasture. 
 
ALL 
 
 ALL OF IRELAND. 
 
 ALLEN (Lough), a lake in the 
 centre of the county of Leitrim, which 
 forms almost the breadth of the 
 county, its principal divisions extend- 
 ing north and south. It may be 
 considered an extension of the Shan- 
 non. At the southern extremity 
 of Lough Allen, on the western side, 
 is the vilage of Drumshanbo. From 
 this village the mountain group 
 called Slieve-an-ierin extends into 
 the western part of Cavan County, 
 a distance of 12 miles. The lake 
 is about eight miles in length and 
 from one to three in breadth. It 
 contains some fine mountain and 
 wooded scenes, but its general aspect 
 is gloomy, and it is exposed to violent 
 squalls, which render the navigation 
 dangerous. The Shannon enters the 
 northern extremity through the val- 
 ley between Lugnacuillagh and the 
 eastern declivities of the Lackagh 
 groups. Besides this river and the 
 Arigna, the lake receives numerous 
 streams and winter torrents from the 
 surrounding mountains, the sides of 
 which are deeply furrowed by their 
 channels. The Shannon leaves the 
 lake as a noble stream from the south- 
 ern extremity, at a point where the 
 scenery is most picturesque, and in its 
 course through the county it has a 
 fall of 30 feet. There are several 
 islands in Lough Allen, and peninsulas 
 diversify the outline of its shores. 
 
 The distance from Lough Allen to 
 Leitrim is 41 miles by the Shannon, 
 and the difference of level is 20 feet. 
 As the course of the river is greatly 
 impeded by shoals, rapids, and other 
 obstructions, a canal is formed for 
 the whole extent, having two locks. 
 The Commissioners for improving 
 the Shannon recommended the erec- 
 tion of a small harbour or landing 
 quay at the head of the canal, at its 
 entrance into Lough Allen, as neces- 
 sary both for the traffic of the lake, 
 and for the improving market of 
 Drumshanbo, distant half-a-mile from 
 this point. Beyond the site of this 
 harbour and Reilly’s Island the lake 
 is very deep and extensive, with a 
 17 
 
 gradually improving district around. 
 The estimated expense of all the 
 works connected with the improve- 
 ment of the Shannon, from Leitrim 
 to Lough Allen, including Battle 
 Bridge, the dividing and deepening 
 of Lough Allen Canal, Drumshanbo 
 Harbour at the head of the Canal, 
 Bealantra, and River course, the cut 
 at Mount Allen on the Arigna river, 
 and Lough Allen, is L. 17,757 ; for 
 working apparatus, contingencies, 
 &c., including steam dredging ves- 
 sels, barges, pile engines, and ma- 
 chinery afloat and on shore, L.20,000; 
 total, L.37,757. Of this sum the 
 Lough Allen Canal expenses were 
 estimated at I..4235; the Drumshan- 
 bo Harbour, L. 2292 3 dredging in the 
 lake, L.1541. 
 
 ALLO, a stream in Cork County, 
 which enters the Blackwater about 
 a mile from Clonmeen, in the coal 
 district. 
 
 ALL- SAINTS, an island esteemed 
 peculiarly holy in Lough- Rea, about 
 291 acres in extent, and divided into 
 small farms. 
 
 ALL-SAINTS, a parish and perpe- 
 tual curacy in the Barony of Raphoe, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 Raphoe, eight miles west of Derry. 
 It is situated on Lough Swilly, and 
 includes the village of Newton- Co- 
 nyngham. The parish contains 9674 
 statute acres, and was disjoined from 
 Taughbone parish, to which the 
 church was a chapel- of- ease. The 
 
 soil is good, and agriculture may be 
 considered to be in an improving 
 state, while the bogs afford ample 
 supply of fuel. Castle-Forward is 
 the property of the Earl of "Wicklow. 
 There is a Roman Catholic chapel at 
 Newton-Conyngham, in which is also 
 a Presbyterian meeting-house. The 
 parochial school is assisted from Pri- 
 mate Robinson’s Fund, and there are 
 other schools in the parish. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 3660. 
 
 ALLUYN (Lough), a small lake in 
 Roscommon County. Its borders are 
 in some parts formed of sand, carried 
 from the lake by the wind. 
 
ANA 
 
 AND 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ALLYKOYS, a locality on the 
 shore of Ballydonagan Bay, county of 
 Cork, at which is a copper mine. 
 
 ALMORITIA, or Moranstown, a 
 parish and rectory in the county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath. 
 See Moranstown. 
 
 AMBROSETOWN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Bargy, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, ten and a half miles from Wex 
 ford. The parish consists of about 
 2274 acres, partly arable, and partly in 
 pasture. Population, 893. 
 
 ANADORN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Loughan Island, Downshire, 
 
 ! on the river Blackstaff. It was the 
 i ancient residence of the M‘Artanes, 
 and near it is a cairn having an apart- 
 i ment of about 20 yards in diameter. 
 Fairs are held on the 14th of May and 
 8th of November. Post-town, Down- 
 patrick. 
 
 ANAHILT, a parish and rectory 
 in the Baronies of Lower Iveagh and 
 Kinelearty, in the county of Down, 
 and Diocese of Dromore, three and a 
 half miles from the post-town of Hills- 
 borough. It is estimated to contain 
 about 4000 acres, 3600 of which are 
 arable and pasture lands, and the rest 
 are bogs and lakes. The surface is 
 varied, consisting principally of hills, 
 the valleys of which are watered by 
 rivulets ; of the lakes the largest are 
 Lough Aghry and Lough Erne. When 
 judiciously cultivated, the valleys 
 produce excellent crops of grain, po- 
 tatoes, and grass. The minerals are 
 limited, but good slate is found in the 
 townland of Cluntogh, and veins of 
 basalt, known as whin dykes , are fre- 
 quent. The villages are chiefly groups 
 of scattered cabins. The plantations 
 are extensive. Farms are in general 
 small, and in addition to the agricul- 
 tural operations of the district, many 
 persons are employed in linen and 
 cotton weaving. A considerable 
 quantity of pork and butter is salted, 
 for which Belfast is a ready market. 
 At Lough Aghry is a Presbyterian 
 meeting-house, but that called the 
 congregation of Anahilt is in IIills- 
 18 
 
 borough parish. In the middle of the 
 eighteenth century the language 
 spoken in this district was broad 
 Scotch , which sufficiently indicated 
 the origin of the inhabitants, but much 
 of this patois has disappeared. In 
 1796, a gentleman named Jamieson, a 
 native of the parish, but latterly a 
 citizen of Belfast, left the interest of 
 L.1000 to endow a school for boys and 
 girls, which was allowed to accumu- 
 late till it amounted to L.440, when, 
 with a sum given by the Marquis of 
 Donegal, a schoolhouse and residence 
 was erected for the first master, who 
 has three acres of land, and L.40 per 
 annum; the second master, L.20. The 
 antiquities are unimportant. Popu- 
 lation, 3755. 
 
 ANAMULT, Annamult, or Agh- 
 namolt, a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Shillelogher, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 nine miles from Gowran. It is situated 
 on the Nore, which at the village re- 
 ceives the King’s River, on the road 
 from Kilkenny by Bennett’s Bridge. 
 The surface is chiefly arable. In this 
 parish was a very extensive merino 
 factory for superfine cloth. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 458. 
 
 ANB ALLY, a village in the parish 
 of Kilmoylan, county of Galway, 
 seven miles from Tuam, on the road 
 to Galway. It is a small place, and 
 is remarkable only for the ruins of 
 an ancient castle in the vicinity. 
 
 ANDREWS (ST), a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Ardes, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Down, situated on 
 Strangford Lough, and including the 
 post-town of Kirkcubbin. It is de- 
 signated from the Benedictine Ab- 
 bey of St Andrew de Stokes, or Black 
 Abbey, founded by the celebrated 
 John de Courcy, first Lord Kinsale, 
 and seized by the O’Neils when the 
 monasteries were suppressed, but 
 after their rebellion in 1639 the re- 
 venues were vested by the Crown in 
 the Archbishopric of Armagh. The 
 parishes of Ballyhalbert, Ballywalter, 
 and Innishargey, are annexed by Act 
 of Parliament to the vicarage of St 
 
ANH OF IRELAND. ANN 
 
 Andrews. The whole district com- 
 prises 12,907 statute acres, for the 
 most part in excellent cultivation. 
 Among the mansions are Spring 
 Vale, Echlinville, Glastry, and the 
 Roddens. The town of Kirkcubbin 
 is situated on the west of Strangford 
 Lough ; on the east, off the coast, are 
 the islets known as Green Island and 
 Bur, the latter said to be the most 
 eastern point of land in Ireland. 
 Some small vessels are connected 
 with these islands. A short distance 
 north from Green Island is the small 
 harbour used by fishing- boats, called 
 John’s Port, sheltered by the rock 
 designated the Plough ; and on this 
 coast is the creek of Cloughy Bay, to 
 which belong fishing-boats and wher- 
 ries. Here are the remains of a Pre- 
 ceptory of the Knights of St John. 
 Kirkstown Castle, erected in James 
 
 I. ’s reign, is in good preservation. 
 Population in 1831, 7613. 
 
 ANEY, Any, or Knockhaney, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Small County, county of Limerick, 
 and Diocese of Emly, 4i miles from 
 the post-town of Bruff, and 12 miles 
 from Limerick. The village of Any 
 or Knockhaney is pleasantly situated 
 on the Commogue, on the banks of 
 which is a strong castle which once 
 belonged to the Earl of Desmond, 
 who also possessed the smaller one in 
 the village ; both are in ruins. Here 
 are also the ruins of an Augustine 
 Friary founded in the reign of Henry 
 
 II. The Preceptory of the Knights 
 Templars was at Hospital, in the 
 neighbourhood, where the walls of 
 the church and the tomb of a knight, 
 said to be that of Geoffry de Maurice 
 the founder, are to be seen, and not 
 in the village, as stated by Ferrier in 
 his “ History of Limerick.” The 
 Count de Salis supports a school for 
 boy$ and girls in the village of Aney. 
 The vicarages of Ballinlough, Bally- 
 namona, Ballynaird, Hospital, Kil- 
 frush, and Long, are annexed to this 
 vicarage. Population in 1831, 4542. 
 
 AN HID, or Athnett, a small and 
 fertile parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 19 
 
 rony of Coshma, county and Diocese 
 of Limerick, upwards of a mile from 
 the post-town of Croom. It lies on 
 the Maigue. Population in 1831, 168. 
 
 ANNACHUAN, a small island in 
 the Barony of Moycullen, at the en- 
 trance of Galway Bay. 
 
 ANNACLOY, or Ballynahinch, a 
 stream which brings down the waters 
 of several small lakes south-east of 
 Hillsborough, and widens into the 
 Quoile river, forming an extensive 
 arm of Lough Strangford, studded 
 with islands. See Ballynahinch. 
 
 ANNACOTTY, a village in the 
 county of the city of Limerick, situ- 
 ated on the Mulkern. 
 
 ANNAGASSON, a village in the 
 parish of Drumcar, county of Louth, 
 eight miles from Dundalk, to which 
 is a beautiful drive along the beach. 
 The Glyde here meets the Dee, at 
 the debouch of w hich into the sea is 
 a small creek or harbour. 
 
 ANNAGELIFF, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Upper Lough- 
 tee, county of Cavan, and Diocese of 
 Kilmore, within a mile of the post- 
 town of Cavan. It comprises up- 
 wards of 8260 acres. The Roman 
 Catholic chapel, a neat building, is at 
 Stragolla, and there are a parochial 
 and other schools. Population in 
 1831,4341. 
 
 ANNAGH, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, partly in the Barony of 
 Lower Loughtee, but chiefly in that 
 of Tullaghgarvey, county of Cavan, 
 and Diocese of Kilmore. The dis- 
 trict is said to comprise upwards of 
 19,145 acres, of which 12,340 acres are 
 in the Barony of Tullaghgarvey ; and 
 of the whole about 16,000 acres are 
 arable and in pasture, the rest being 
 bog and waste, or under plantations. 
 The village of Redhill and the greater 
 part of the town of Belturbet are in 
 the parish. The principal seats are 
 Castle Saunders on, Sugar loaf, Erne 
 Hill, Clover Hill, Annagli House, Ash- 
 grove, and Redhill. In 1813, a num- 
 ber of townlands were disunited, to 
 form the perpetual curacy of Kil- 
 loughter, or Annagh East; and the 
 
ANN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ANN 
 
 parish is divided by the Roman Ca- 
 tholics into Annagh East and Annagh 
 West ; the chapels being at Drumalee 
 and Redhill. There are meeting- 
 houses for Wesleyan Methodists. 
 The parish church is an elegant edi- 
 fice; one of the schools is on Eras- 
 mus Smith’s foundation; there are 
 schools at Drumlaney. Killoughter, 
 and Drumloor, and a number of other 
 schools. Population in 1831, 12,269. 
 See Belturbet. 
 
 ANNAGH, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Trughenackmy, county 
 of Kerry, and annexed Diocese of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe, said to contain 
 17,967 acres, of which probably 11,500 
 acres are mountain pasture. The 
 post-town of Tralee is six miles dis- 
 tant. The district lies along Tralee 
 Bay, and contains the sea-port town 
 or village of Blennerville. Nearly 
 two miles from this place is Cur- 
 ragheen, at which is a Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel. One of Erasmus Smith’s 
 free schools is in the parish, which 
 is ecclesiastically annexed to the rec- 
 tory of Clogherbrien, and vicarage of 
 Bally nahaglish. Population in 1831, 
 3253. See Blennerville. 
 
 ANNAGH, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Costello, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, com- 
 prising 16,325 statute acres, principally 
 under tillage, though there is a con- 
 siderable extent of bog. The post- 
 town of Ballyhaunis is in the parish, 
 and the old monastery near it is still 
 occupied by friars of the order of St 
 Augustine. The Roman Catholic 
 chapels are in that town and Tulra- 
 han. The principal residences are 
 Logboy and Holywell. Population 
 in 1831, 6885. See Ballyhaunis. 
 
 ANNAGH, a small village in the 
 parish of Bruehenny, county of Cork, 
 five miles from Charleville, on the 
 road to Liscarrol. The linen manu- 
 facture was introduced into it by the 
 Earl of Egmont. 
 
 ANNAGH, a small island in Lough 
 Conn, about eight miles from Killala. 
 
 ANNAGH, an island belonging to 
 the parish of Kilcommon, county of 
 20 
 
 Mayo. It lies in the Bay of Tullogh- 
 aan, a branch of Blacksod Bay near 
 the Sound of Achill, and is separated 
 from the mainland by the strait to 
 which it gives its name. 
 
 ANNAGH, a small lake of marsh 
 water on the confines of the King’s 
 and Queen’s Counties, which receives 
 the drainage of about 4000 acres of 
 bog lying between Geashil and Tul- 
 lamore, and from which issues the 
 Clodagh, a stream forming several 
 beautiful cascades within the demesne 
 of the Earl of Charleville. Nume- 
 rous roots of trees are found in the 
 bed of Lough Annagh. 
 
 ANNAGHCLONE, or Anacloan, 
 a parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Upper Iveagh, county of Down, and 
 Diocese of Dromore, four miles from 
 the post-town of Bannbridge on the 
 river Bann. It comprises 6546 sta- 
 tute acres, the soil of which is fertile, 
 and in excellent cultivation. In the 
 parish are two Presbyterian meeting- 
 houses, and near the church is Tan- 
 vally Fort, one of the largest and most 
 entire in this part of the country, 
 and within sight of several smaller 
 ones. Population in 1831, 3426. 
 
 ANNAGHDOWN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in tbe Barony of Clare, county 
 of Galway, and Diocese of Tuam, 
 about eight miles from the town of 
 Galway. It is bounded on the west 
 by Lough Corrib, and comprises 
 16,508 statute acres. The Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel is at Corondola, and ser- 
 vice is also performed at Woodpark. 
 There are several villages, of which 
 Aughelogun and Shankill are the 
 principal. Annaghdown was for- 
 merly a bishop’s see, which was in- 
 corporated with Tuam in 1324. It is 
 a place of considerable antiquity, and 
 was at one time a complete rendez- 
 vous of monks. St Brendan founded 
 a nunnery for his sister Briga, which 
 is said to have been confirmed by 
 Pope Celestine III. in 1195. An ab- 
 bey was founded before the seventh 
 century, of which one St Meldan was 
 abbot ; here were also a Premonstra- 
 tensian Abbey, and a Franciscan 
 
ANN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ANT 
 
 Friary, subordinate to which were 
 the College of St. Brendan, and the 
 monasteries of Connaught and Ulster. 
 Population in 1831, 6093. 
 
 ANNAGHDUFF, a parish, rec- 
 tory, and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Leitrim and Mohill, county of Lei- 
 trim, and Diocese of Ardagh, situated 
 on the Shannon, five miles from 
 Carrick-on-Shannon. It contains the 
 villages of Drumsna and Drumod. 
 The parish is part of a very old reli- 
 gious edifice. Population in 1831, 
 5292 
 
 ANNALEE, a river in the county 
 of Cavan, which issues from Lough 
 Tucker, Lough Bawn, and several 
 small sheets of water in the beautiful 
 demesne of Lough Bawn, near Coote- 
 hill, on the borders of Monaghan. 
 This stream runs almost due west, 
 and through a flat country, to its 
 confluence with the Erne near But- 
 ler’s Bridge. 
 
 ANN ALONG, a small sea-port vil- 
 lage in the parish of Kileue, county 
 of Down, at the debouch of a stream 
 so called into the Irish Sea. It is 
 about five miles from Kilkeel, and 
 has a small harbour cut out of the 
 rock. This is the only creek where 
 fishing vessels can shelter on this in- 
 hospitable bold line of coast. In 
 1835 five decked and three half-decked 
 fishing vessels belonged to the little 
 port, having 48 men \ but 264 indivi- 
 duals were altogether employed. 
 
 ANNAMOE, a small sequestered 
 village, having a post-office, in the 
 j parish of Derralossory, Wicklow, two 
 miles from the little village of Round- 
 wood, the halting place of visitors to 
 ; the Seven Churches. It is near the 
 romantic lake called Lough Dan, and 
 in the vicinity are the mansions of 
 Castle Kevin and Dromeen, and the 
 neat cottage of Lake View. The 
 j Annamoe rivulet issues from Lough 
 j Dan. 
 
 ANNASCALL, a small village in 
 | the parish of Ballinacourty, county of 
 | Kerry, on the road from Dublin to 
 | Dingle by Tralee, nine miles from the 
 ! latter place. It contains the parish 
 
 I 
 
 church and a Roman Catholic chapel. 
 
 In the vicinity is a lake about a mile 
 in circumference. The country in 
 this quarter has a dreary moorland 
 appearance. 
 
 ANN A TRIM, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Offerlane, Queen’s County, On 
 the river Nore, which had a very an- 
 cient abbey, a part of which is now 
 used as the parish church. 
 
 ANNESBOROUGH. See Dro- 
 
 MORAGH. 
 
 ANNESTOWN, a small village near , 
 the ruins of Castle Don- Isle, on the 
 coast, three miles from Tramore, in 
 the parish of Dunhill, and county of 
 Waterford, six miles from Tramore. 
 
 It is situated on the coast, on the side 
 of a pleasant and extensive valley, and 
 is a summer resort. 
 
 ANTRIM, a maritime county in 
 the province of Ulster, bounded on : 
 the east by the Irish Channel, on the ; 
 north by the Northern Ocean, on the 
 south by Lough Neagh and the coun- 
 ty of Down, and on the west by the 1 
 counties of Derry and Tyrone. It is I 
 computed to extend from north to i 
 south 56 miles, and from east to I 
 west 30i miles, having an area of 
 758,808 acres, of which 483,048 are ara- 
 ble, 225,970 of mountain and bog, and 
 49,790 under water. The distance 
 from the Mull of Kintyre in Scotland 
 to the north-east point of this county 
 is less than 15 miles. The county is 
 divided into the fourteen Baronies of 
 Upper and Lower Antrim, Upper and 
 Lower Belfast, Upper and Lower 
 Dunluce, Carey, Kilconway, Upper 
 and Lower Glenarm, Upper and 
 Lower Massareene, and Upper and 
 Lower Toome. These are subdivided 
 into 77 parishes, all of which, with the 
 exception of the parish of Aghalee, 
 or Soldiers’ Town, which is in the 
 Diocese of Dromore, and Ballicullen, 
 in the Diocese of Derry, are in the 
 Diocese of Down and Connor, and 
 Archiepiscopal province of Armagh. 
 The minor civil subdivisions are half 
 baronies, constablewicks, and town- 
 lands. 
 
 The principal rivers arc the Ravil, 
 
ANT 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ANT 
 
 Braid, Glenwherry, Main, Six-Mill- 
 Water, Crumlin, Glenevy, Carey, and 
 Glenshesh, which two last form a 
 junction, and enter the sea at Bally- 
 castle. The Bann and the Laggan 
 in different parts form the boundary 
 of the county ; and numerous stream- 
 lets are tributaries to the above enu- 
 merated rivers, none of which are 
 navigable, but the banks are consider- 
 ably occupied with bleachfields, cot- 
 ton, flour, and corn mills, and other 
 works. Lough Neagh partly belongs 
 to the county, but the other lakes are 
 small, and few in number, among 
 which are Lough Lynch, Lough Hill, 
 Lough Morne, Portmore Lough, on 
 an island of which resided the cele- 
 brated Jeremy Taylor, Bishop of 
 Down and Connor, and from which 
 his Ductor Dubitantium is dated, and 
 Lough Guile, on the banks of which, 
 in a wood of above 70 acres, the dis- 
 tinguished political negotiator and 
 traveller, che Earl of Macartney, spent 
 many of his latter days. The valleys 
 traversed by the rivers are remarka- 
 bly beautiful. Several mineral springs 
 occur throughout, of which the 
 strong chalybeate on the mountain 
 Knocklade, in the parish of Ramoun, 
 near Ballycastle, has been celebrated 
 since 1754, when it was analyzed by 
 Dr Rutty. The surface of the coun- 
 ty is generally elevated on the sea 
 side, and sloping or undulating in 
 the interior; most of the mountains 
 are covered to the summit with turf 
 bogs of various extent, affording pas- 
 turage during summer to hardy 
 breeds of cattle and sheep, and though 
 sufficiently dreary regions, inter- 
 spersed with verdant slopes and 
 valleys. Turf bogs of considerable 
 extent also cover the plains between 
 the mountains and the Bann, much of 
 which could be improved, but mean- 
 while affording excellent fuel, and 
 easily dried when early cut. The 
 mountains are not remarkable for 
 their elevations, the highest being 
 scarcely 1600 feet above the sea, and 
 their outlines are not very irregular, 
 except where they approach the 
 22 
 
 coast, and terminate in almost per 
 pendicular precipices. One-third of 
 the county is mountainous, and exhi- 
 bits immense masses of basalt and 
 limestone, indiscriminately thrown 
 together in different shapes, and ex- 
 hibiting scenes of wild confusion. 
 
 Antrim has a great extent of sea- 
 coast, much of which is romantic and 
 picturesque. Near the western ex- 
 tremity of that part of the county 
 occurs the celebrated basaltic tract 
 known as the Giant's Causeway , one 
 of the most remarkable natural won- 
 ders in Europe, in the vicinity of the 
 fishing village of Portrush. These 
 stupendous and towering precipices 
 display scenery magnificent beyond 
 description for many miles to those 
 who sail along their base, and the ex- 
 traordinary chasm usually called Fhir- 
 Leith , or the Grey Man's Path , on 
 the promontory of Fairhead, is not 
 the least impressive on that rugged 
 coast. Off the coast, west of the 
 Giant’s Causeway, are the small 
 islands called the Skerries; and the 
 crescent-shaped island of Rathlin, or 
 Raghery, is separated from the 
 mainland by the strait of Slunk- na- 
 Marra, the passage of which is often 
 dangerous from the heavy swell. 
 The working of coal is confined to 
 the vicinity of Ballycastle, and the 
 coaleries are between that town and 
 the Fairhead, which terminates Bal- 
 lycastle Bay on the east. Every 
 attempt to discover coal in any other 
 quarter has been unsuccessful. This 
 coal is of inferior quality . Fossil wood 
 or coal wood is worked at Killymor- 
 ris, near Ballentoy, on the same coast. 
 Limestone is the only other mineral 
 of the profitable class. In Lough 
 Neagh is a valuable salmon-fishery. 
 
 The estates in Antrim are, with 
 the exception of those belonging to 
 Ihe See of Down and Connor, in 
 general freehold. Some of these 
 estates are very large, such as those 
 of the Marquis of Hertford, the 
 Marquis of Donegal, Earls Massareene 
 and O’Neill, Lord Templetown, and 
 the Antrim estate, which last includes 
 
ANT 
 
 the northern Baronies, but is let 
 in perpetuity, and is now in the pos- 
 session of various gentlemen. The 
 leases of farms are not long. The 
 houses of the farmers are described as 
 of not more than one storey, and 
 small, but generally neat and warm, 
 some of the more opulent having 
 larger accommodation, and the poorer 
 much less. Great improvements 
 have been effected in husbandry, and 
 the rents are all paid in money. The 
 importation and adoption of the 
 Scotish plough have been of great 
 advantage. Numbers of threshing- 
 machines are erected; the fan for 
 winnowing grain is in general use ; 
 and among the other agricultural im- 
 plements are potatoe washers, turnip 
 and potatoe cutters, and turnip drill 
 barrows, which are impelled like a 
 common wheelbarrow. The soil of 
 the county generally is favourable to 
 the growth of the white thorn as a 
 fence, which gives a pleasant appear- 
 ance to the fields, and affords shelter 
 to the cattle. These hedges prevail 
 throughout the Barony ofMassareene, 
 and greatly ornament the district; 
 while those between the town of An- 
 trim and Kells, and especially about 
 the latter place, are remarkably 
 beautiful. The mountain fences are 
 either loose stones collected from the 
 surface, or ditches, or bank3 of earth. 
 
 Although many parts of Antrim 
 are in excellent cultivation, in 1840 
 agriculture was generally in a very 
 backward state, the land being prin- 
 cipally occupied in small holdings by 
 the farmers, who also consider it ne- 
 cessary, or are compelled to engage in 
 linen weaving. Even along the fertile 
 shores of Belfast Lough were farms 
 which rarely exceeded ten acres, on 
 part of which potatoes were raised, 
 the produce regulated by the quan- 
 tity of manure which could be pro- 
 cured, now increased by lime ; a small 
 portion is set apart for flax, in which 
 article the grower was guided by his 
 ability to purchase seed ; and the re- 
 mainder kept in oats repeated two or 
 three years. When the soil is ex- 
 23 
 
 ANT 
 
 hausted, it is allowed to turn to rest , 
 or lie in fallow, until it is again fit for 
 potatoes, and then come the never- 
 ending oats or flax, but occasionally 
 wheat. Some barley is sown, and 
 beans are raised near the coast for 
 exportation to Scotland, but turnips 
 and other green crops are little re- 
 garded. From the small size of 
 their farms, if they may be so desig- 
 nated, spade husbandry is very gene- 
 ral, and in the case of those who oc- 
 cupy larger surface, the neighbours 
 unite their horses, bullocks, or milch 
 cows, to form a team. It is also said 
 that the dry cotters, or tenants of a 
 house without any land, and other 
 small occupants, take what are desig- 
 nated acorn or con cres, or ground 
 rented to raise a single crop of pota- 
 toes or oats. 
 
 In the northern and in some of the 
 interior parts of the county the till- 
 age is described as still worse, ex- 
 cept where the land is in the posses- 
 sion of gentlemen farmers. The dog 
 and the pig are inmates of almost 
 every cabin, and are as domesticated 
 as, and almost on equal footing with, 
 the children. Vast numbers of pigs 
 are reared, as the small farmers de- 
 pend on these animals to pay their 
 rents, and from six to twelve are a 
 common pendicle of a farm-yard. 
 Probably 80,000 pigs, averaging 200 
 pounds each, are sold in Belfast, and 
 bring from L.l, 12s. to L.2, 14s. per 
 cwt. Goats are also continually seen 
 round the cabins, tethered by a rope 
 fastened to the horns, to restrain 
 their wandering inclinations, and al- 
 lowed to graze as they please within 
 the limits assigned to them. It is 
 said that each family on an average, 
 not including the population of the 
 towns, has a cow, and butter is the 
 great produce of the dairy, many 
 thousands of firkins being annually 
 exported from Belfast; but the cheese 
 of Carrickfergus is much esteemed. 
 Considerable attention is now paid 
 by the gentlemen farmers to the im- 
 provement of the cattle, by crosses 
 with the Dutch, Leicester, and Ayr . 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ANT 
 
 shire breed ; but sheep are consider- 
 ed of little importance. Those kept 
 are mostly of an inferior kind; and 
 scarcely more wool is produced than 
 is required for domestic purposes. 
 
 The sowing of wheat is principally 
 confined to the Baronies of Antrim, 
 Belfast, and Massareene. Flax was 
 once cultivated to a greater extent 
 than in any other county except Ar- 
 magh, but this has been relinquished, 
 and what is now grown bears a very 
 small proportion to the general crop, 
 the seed being almost entirely im- 
 ported from Holland. The spinning 
 of flax into yarn is the employment of 
 numbers of poor females, and the fa- 
 brics thus produced by the hand are 
 preferred to those spun by machinery. 
 The weavers sell their fabrics to 
 bleachers, by whom they are finished, 
 and exported or sent to Dublin ; but 
 some are exported unbleached to 
 England to be completed. The 
 linens manufactured in this county 
 are generally narrow, and seldom ex- 
 ceed 32 inches, but certain widths are 
 peculiar to different districts. The 
 cotton manufacture flourishes in Bel- 
 fast, Carrickfergus, and Lisburne, 
 and the other goods produced are 
 muslins, calicoes, wrappings, thick- 
 sets, corduroys, and velveteens. The 
 linen manufacture, however, though 
 now much depressed, and the price 
 of yarn reduced, may be still said to 
 be the staple of the county, and the 
 best linen cloth is said to be made in 
 the district of Kells-Water, between 
 Connor and Randlestown. 
 
 The woods of Portmore and Glen- 
 arm have disappeared, and also the 
 extensive plantings at Antrim, Bally - 
 clare, Clementshill, and Templepa- 
 trick ; but many thriving plantations 
 have been recently formed near the 
 seats of the nobility and gentry. 
 Those of Earl O’Neill at Shane’s Cas- 
 tle, and of the celebrated Earl Mac- 
 artney on the banks of Loch Guile, 
 are the most extensive. On the es- 
 tate of the Marquis of Hertford, near 
 Lough Neagh, are numbers of or- 
 chards, which produce valuable va- 
 24 
 
 rieties of the apple, considerable 
 quantities of which are exported to 
 Scotland, or sold in Belfast. 
 
 Antrim is in the Diocese of Con- 
 nor, with the exception of two pa- 
 rishes. Several of the granges, how- 
 ever, are extra-parochial, and some 
 pay no tithes. The antiquities consist 
 of cairns, caves, cromlechs, mounts, 
 round towers, and the ruins of cas- 
 tles, churches, and religious houses. 
 The county is said to contain a greater 
 number of Protestants than any other 
 in Ireland, of which a considerable 
 number are Presbyterians, many of 
 whom are in connection with the Ge- 
 neral Synod of Ulster, the title of 
 which was altered in 1840 by its mem- 
 bers to that of the General Assembly 
 of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland ; 
 and the others are respectively 
 Burghers or Seceders, Antiburghers, 
 Covenanters, Independents, and a few 
 Moravians and Quakers. Most of the 
 above are the descendants of the 
 Scotish colonists, whom James I. in. 
 duced to settle in and colonize the 
 county, after his accession to the Eng- 
 lish Crown. In several parishes, 
 however, the number of Roman Ca- 
 tholics is considerable, and in those 
 of Culfeighton, Duneane, and Loyd, 
 they are said to be the decided majo- 
 rity. Antrim gives the title of Earl 
 in the Peerage of Ireland to the Noble 
 Family of Macdonnel, so created in 
 1785. The county returns two mem- 
 bers to Parliament; constituency in 
 1840,3496. Population in 1831, 323,308. 
 The county town is Carrickfergus. 
 The expense incurred in the valu- 
 ation of the county of Antrim, by 
 authority of Parliament, under the 
 direction of George Griffith, Esq., 
 Commissioner of Valuation, between 
 July 1, 1830, and March 31, 1837, in- 
 clusive, was L.8708. 
 
 ANTRIM, a parish, town, and 
 vicarage, in the Barony and county of 
 its name, Diocese of Down and Con- 
 nor, about 15 miles north-west of 
 Belfast, and 105 miles north of Dub- 
 lin. The town is situated on the 
 Six- Mile- Water, near the north-east 
 
ANT 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ARB 
 
 extremit y of Lough Neagh, which re- 
 ceives that stream. It consists of a 
 long street, in the middle of which is 
 the Market House. The parish 
 church is a modern Gothic edifice, 
 with a steeple and spire, and the town 
 has a Roman Catholic chapel, two 
 Presbyterian, and two Methodist 
 meeting-houses. Before the Union 
 in 1800, Antrim was considered what 
 is ludicrously called a pot-wallop- 
 ping borough, and returned two 
 members to the Irish Parliament. It 
 has been much improved of late 
 years, and as it is situated in one of 
 the most fertile districts of the county, 
 and is near water carriage, it could 
 be made a place of considerable trade. 
 The present trade consists in bleach- 
 ing, paper-making, hosiery, and weav- 
 ing of linen ; but the weekly markets 
 are often of no great importance. In 
 the town is a Branch of the Ulster 
 Banking Company. Near the to«n 
 is one of the most complete round 
 towers in Ireland. It is 95 feet in 
 height, tapers curiously towards the 
 top, and the roof is of flat stones. 
 At the outside foundation are two 
 circles of projecting stones, some 
 feet above is a small arched door, the 
 access to which has apparently never 
 been by steps, and the windows are 
 also arched. The tower has evidently 
 been built from a quarry of coarse- 
 grained basalt in the high grounds 
 some distance from the town. An 
 ancient church, with small Gothic 
 windows, is another memorial of for- 
 mer times. Antrim Castle, formerly 
 the fine old seiit of the Viscounts 
 Massareene, now of the Earl of Fer- 
 rard, is close to the town, and in the 
 park which lies to the south, and ex- 
 tends to the shore of Lough Neagh, 
 are many splendid trees. It is stated 
 in Clarksons Survey of Ireland, that 
 Sir Robert Savage and a party of Eng- 
 lish troops gained a great victory over 
 the Irish near Antrim, no less than 
 3000 having been killed. Sir Robert 
 seems to have been bent on “hospit- 
 able thoughts,” as it is said that “ be- 
 fore the engagement he gave every 
 25 
 
 Englishman a good dose of wine or 
 ale, of which he had ample store, and 
 besides, he ordered that sheep, oxen, 
 venison, and fowd, both wild and tame, 
 should be killed, and made ready for 
 the conquerors, whoever they should 
 be, saying — It would be a shame that 
 guests should come and find him un- 
 prepared.” Antrim was burnt by 
 General Monroe in 1649. It was the 
 scene of a smart action on the 7th of 
 June 1798, between the Royal troops 
 and the insurgents, during the Re- 
 bellion, on which occasion Viscount 
 O’Neill, father of the first Earl O’Neill, 
 was mortally wounded by a pike ; but 
 the insurgents were entirely defeated. 
 Near the town are flour and paper 
 mills. Markets are held each Thurs- 
 day, and fairs in May and November. 
 It is stated that Antrim is one of the 
 probably many hundred places as- 
 signed as the birth-place of the cele- 
 brated Dr John Abernethy. West 
 of the town is the residence of Stee- 
 ple, in the grounds of which is the 
 round tower previously noticed, and 
 adjoining are Spring Farm, Birch- 
 hill, and Holywell. On the B elfast 
 road are Muckamore, Summerhill, 
 and some other mansions ; four miles 
 from the towm is the village of Tem- 
 plepatrick, and near it Castle -Upton, 
 the seat of Viscount Templetown, 
 originally built by Sir Robert Norton 
 in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 
 Shane’s Castle, the baronial seat of 
 the Earls O’Neill, is a mile from the 
 towm, on the road to Coleraine. In 
 1816 this fine old residence was acci- 
 dentally burnt, and the Family papers 
 and plate were only saved. The de- 
 mesne stretches three miles along 
 Lough Neagh, and the Maine Water, 
 which falls into that lake, traverses 
 the grounds. Population in 1831,2655. 
 
 ANY. See Aney. 
 
 ARBELA, a village in the parish 
 of Mac-Elligot, and county of Kerry, 
 three miles from Tralee. In the vi- 
 cinity are the ruins of Bally- Carthy 
 and Kilflin Castles, Ballyseedy, the 
 mansion of the Blennerhasset lamily, 
 Chute Hall, and Arbela. 
 
 c 
 
ARD 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ARD 
 
 ARDAGH, a river in the county of 
 Longford, crossed by a branch of the 
 Royal Canal to the town of Longford. 
 
 ARD AGH, a parish and rectory in 
 the Baronies of Ardagh and Moydow, 
 county of Longford, and the Diocese 
 of Tuam. Ardagh was formerly an 
 episcopal see, comprising 37 parishes, 
 founded in the fifth century, annexed 
 to Kilmore in 1658, disjoined in 1741, 
 and united to Tuam, but now annex- 
 ed to Kilmore by the Church Tem- 
 poralities Bill. It is a Deanery, and 
 has an Archdeacon. It is said that 
 St Patrick founded an abbey at Ar- 
 dagh, the first abbot of which was 
 his nephew, St Mell, the pretended 
 author of a treatise of the virtues and 
 miracles of his uncle. Ardagh is 
 five miles from the post-town of 
 Longford, but it is little better than 
 a mere village, containing scarcely 
 200 inhabitants. Fairs are held in 
 April and August. Population of the 
 parish in 1831, 4980. 
 
 ARDAGH, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Imokilly, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 4± miles 
 distant from Youghal. It comprises 
 8000 acres, of which one-half at least 
 are arable. The rest is heathy 
 mountain ground, affording pastur- 
 age for black cattle, and abundance of 
 excellent fuel. The only river is the 
 Toorig, which runs through the 
 centre for about three miles, and af- 
 ter passing Two-mile-Bridge, enters 
 the Blackwater north of Youghal. 
 There are no minerals, antiquities, or 
 natural curiosities; the people are 
 described as industrious, and agri- 
 culture their sole occupation. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2658. 
 
 ARDAGH, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Lower Connello, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick. The vil- 
 lage and the surrounding district lie 
 at the base of the Hill of Ardagh; 
 fairs are held in May, August, and 
 November. Population, 2197. 
 
 ARDAGH, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Tyrawley, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Killala, upwards 
 of tw’O miles from the post-town of 
 26 
 
 Ballina. Annexed to it ecclesiasti- 
 cally are the vicarages of Attymas, 
 Ballynahaglish, Kilbelfad, Kilgarvan, 
 and Kilmoremoy. Population in 1831, 
 1535. 
 
 ARDAGH, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy in the Barony of Low'er Slane, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2408. 
 
 ARD AMINE, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Bal- 
 laghkeen, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, comprising 4078 
 statute acres, on the coast of the Bay 
 to which it gives its name. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1535. 
 
 ARDARA, a village in the parish 
 of Lower Killybegs, county of Done- 
 gal, situated on a peninsula near the 
 debouch of the river Awin-Ea, or 
 Owinea, between Lochrusmore and 
 Lochrusbeg Bays. Here is the only 
 mansion or seat on the whole line of 
 coast from Bloody Foreland to Malin- 
 Beg Head. From Ardara there is a 
 tolerably good communication over 
 the heights which stretch from Blue- 
 staclc to Malin-Beg with Killybegs, 
 and also to Lifford and Letterkenny 
 by the head of the Finn river, the 
 chief feeder of the Foyle. Westward 
 from Ardara the coast is precipitous, 
 and lined with cliffs from 500 to 600 
 feet in height, on the northern side of 
 the great promontory terminated by 
 Malin-Beg Head, but the loftiest 
 cliffs are those of Slieve-League, im- 
 mediately w r est of Malin-Beg. Ar- 
 dara is eight miles from Inver, and 
 five from Narin. 
 
 ARDBEAR, a beautiful bay or 
 arm of the sea on the coast of Gal- 
 way, which runs up to the thriving 
 town of Clifden. See Clifden. 
 
 ARDBRACCAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Lower Navan, 
 county of Meath, formerly a bishop- 
 ric, but now in the Diocese of Meath, 
 the Bishops of which have here their 
 principal residence — a magnificent 
 palace built in 1786 by Bishop Max- 
 well, who munificently contributed 
 to the erection of the parish church, 
 said to be one of the finest structures 
 
ARD 
 
 OF IRELAND. ARD 
 
 of the kind in Ireland. The abbey, 
 founded by St Braccaninthe seventh 
 century, was long used as the parish 
 church. In the churchyard is the 
 square tomb of Bishop Montgomery, 
 and a plain slab marks the grave of 
 Bishop Pococke, the celebrated Ori- 
 ental traveller, interred in 1765. 
 The village is two miles and a half 
 from Navan. The rectories of Lis- 
 carton, Rathayne, Churchtown, Clon- 
 macduff, and the vicarage of Martry, 
 are annexed to Ardbraccan. The 
 greatest length is upwards of seven 
 miles, and five and a half in breadth ; 
 one-half of which is arable, and the 
 rest comprising meadow and pasture 
 land. The bogs of Allenstown, Ann- 
 genston, Meadstown, and Tullagh- 
 ston, are extensive tracts ; there are 
 no lakes, and a few nameless rivulets ; 
 the only elevation is Faughan Hill, 
 planted, pasturable, and is an interest - 
 ing object in this flat district. The 
 plantations and hedgerows, espe- 
 cially on the lands of Allenstown, are 
 extensive. The minerals are lime- 
 stone, gravel, and marl; and the 
 White Quarry on the lands of Ard- 
 braccan contains stone, which, when 
 polished, assumes a dark greyish hue, 
 but after long exposure to the air, it 
 becomes blackish. The village of 
 Greeta is a mere assemblage of 
 wretched hovels. The chief pursuit, 
 except agriculture, is linen weaving. 
 Besides the Episcopal Palace, the 
 mansions of Allenstown, Philpots- 
 town, Oatlands, Batchelor’s Lodge, 
 and a few others, are agreeable resi- 
 dences. In each of the parishes form- 
 ing the union is a ruined church ; a 
 Roman Catholic chapel at Boher- 
 meen, another at Dunderry Bridge, 
 and a friary at Courtown. It is said 
 that Teltown, or Tailtean, on the 
 side of the Blackwater, nearly oppo- 
 site Maltry Mill, was the residence of 
 a long line of Irish princes, and a 
 celebrated mart frequented by mer- 
 chants, at which games were held for 
 thirty days after the 15th of July. 
 There are schools at Ardbraccan, 
 Oatlands, Allenstown, and Martry, 
 27 
 
 and some schools conducted by Ro- 
 man Catholics. Population in 1831, 
 3798. 
 
 ARDBROE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Dungannon, county 
 of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh, but also partly in the Barony 
 of Loughinsholin, Derry. The ruins 
 of a fine monastery founded by St 
 Colman still remain, the walls of a 
 church, and a cross bearing some in- 
 scriptions. The parish lies on Lough 
 Neagh, and is five miles from Stew- 
 artstown. Population in 1831, 8148. 
 
 ARDCANDRIDGE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Lower Shel- 
 malier, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, three and a half 
 miles from Wexford. The river 
 Slancy waters the district. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 242. 
 
 ARDCANNY, a parish, rectory, 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Kerry, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick, on 
 the banks of the Shannon, eight miles 
 from the city of Limerick. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1318. 
 
 ARDCARN, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Boyle, 
 county of Roscommon, and Diocese 
 of Elphin, three and a half miles from 
 the post-town of Boyle. The chief 
 proprietor is Lord Lorton, who sup- 
 ports several schools in the district. 
 A Benedictine nunnery and an Ab- 
 bey of Canons Regular stood near the 
 village. The demesne of Rocking - 
 ham-Boyle, the seat of Lord Lorton, 
 is within the parish. Population 
 in 1831, 7673. 
 
 ARDCATH, a’parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Upper Duleek, 
 county and Diocese of Meath, seven 
 miles from the town of Drogheda. 
 It has fairs in May, June, and Octo- 
 ber. Population in 1831, 1774. 
 
 ARDCAVAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Shelmalier, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, about two miles north-east of 
 Wexford, on the north shore of the 
 Harbour. Population in 1831, 878. 
 See Wexford. 
 
 ARDCLARE, a parish and vicar- 
 
ARD 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ARD 
 
 age in the half Barony of Ballymoe, 
 county of Roscommon, and Diocese 
 of Elphin, comprising about 8066 sta- 
 tute acres. Population in 1831, 2633. 
 
 ARDCLARE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kilmacteigue, county of Sligo, 
 nine miles from Foxford. It has a 
 market on Saturdays. 
 
 ARDCLINIS, a parish and rectory 
 in the upper half Barony of Glenarm, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor. It is part of an extremely 
 mountainous and dreary district, and 
 is traversed by the Acre, which runs 
 under ground before it falls into Red 
 Bay in the North Channel. The 
 river Acre forms the boundary be- 
 tween it and the parish of Layde. 
 The principal arable and inhabited 
 part of the district consists of a stripe 
 extending from the village of Carn- 
 lough, along the coast, to the Red Bay. 
 Up one side of the beautiful valley of 
 Glenariff is a level tract in the centre, 
 liable to inundations. The lofty 
 mountain which incloses the district 
 on the land side is only ascended by 
 narrow paths in the acclivities. These 
 mountains are mostly covered with 
 heath, and supply muir game, but the 
 black game brought from Scotland do 
 not thrive . Glenariff, flat in the centre, 
 was once covered with trees, but it 
 is now bare, and is traversed by its 
 river through its whole extent in a 
 serpentine manner. The stream is 
 nearly as low as the sea half way up 
 the glen, and when a high tide meets 
 at flood, a great part of the ground is 
 inundated. The coast abounds with 
 limestone, as it does throughout the 
 parish. In the Acre river are salmon- 
 fisheries. Ardclinis parish contains 
 corn, flax, and tuck mills. The vil- 
 lage of Carnlough, about 30 miles 
 from Belfast, contains nothing re- 
 markable, and the road to it from Red 
 Bay is very hilly. Near the little 
 village called the Waterfoot of the 
 Acre was long a rabbit warren. Up- 
 wards of a mile north of the Water- 
 foot Bridge is the village of Cushen- 
 dall, within half a mile of the sea, 
 between rising grounds at the bottom 
 28 
 
 of the glen of Ballymena. It re- 
 ceives its name of Cushendall from 
 its situation on the river Dali, formed 
 by the united streams of Glen Ballye- 
 man and Glenarm; but its genteel 
 name is Newton- Glen. There are 
 several mansions in the parish. Lim- 
 nalary House; Nappen, the grounds 
 of which, rising to the mountains, are * 
 covered with wood, some fine timber, 
 and an orchard surrounding the 
 house : an elegant residence is erect- 
 ed amid venerable trees close to the 
 site of an old mansion called Drum- 
 nasole, andinthe vicinity is a very neat 
 schoolhouse on Sir Erasmus Smith’s 
 foundation ; Bay Lodge, at the corner 
 of Red Bay, is advantageous for river 
 and sea fishing, and has an excellent 
 garden and orchard. In this quarter 
 is a very steep and still disagreeable 
 pass, though much improved, over 
 the hill called Crookanarick, after 
 leaving which is the small village of 
 Red Bay, which belonged to a gentle- 
 man named Boyd, the son of Hugh 
 Stewart Boyd, one of the supposed 
 authors of the Letters of Junius. 
 On the road from the Red Bay to 
 Cushendall is Mount Lodge, greatly 
 improved and almost rebuilt, sur- 
 rounded by plantations ; and behind 
 it rises the bold front of Lurrick 
 Gedden, or Lurg Gethan, said to be 
 1100 feet above the sea, and 984 feet 
 from its base. Here is also the Ro- 
 man Catholic Chapel. Several other 
 residences adorn this district. On 
 the right from the village of Knock- 
 macarry, near the extensive and ro- 
 mantic vale of Glendun, watered by 
 the Dun, is a descent to the sea and 
 the little sea-port of Cushendun, or 
 Foot of the Dun, the resort of small 
 vessels, from which there is a con- 
 stant intercourse with the district of 
 Kintyre in Scotland ; and close to the 
 sea are some curious caves. The 
 shore between Cushendall Bay and 
 Cushendun is bold and rocky, and is 
 only accessible for boats and little 
 sloops near where a small religious 
 edifice formerly stood, and at a little 
 port called Port Vinegar. From the 
 
ARD 
 
 OF IRELAND. ARD 
 
 high grounds in this quarter are ex- 
 tensive views of the Scotish coast 
 from the Mull of Galloway to the 
 Island of Mull, the Islands of Islay, 
 Jura, the Mull of Kintyre, Arran, 
 Bute, Ailsa, and the Ayrshire coast. 
 The antiquities are some forts and 
 chapels. The inhabitants of the dis- 
 trict, who speak Irish fluently, are 
 considerably superstitious. The ma- 
 jority of the people are Roman 
 Catholics, but they frequently in- 
 termarry with the Protestants, and 
 little religious animosity prevails. 
 The post-town is Cushendall, or 
 Newton-Glen. Population in 1831, 
 1617. 
 
 ARDCLOONEY, a village on the 
 Shannon, in Killaloe parish. 
 
 ARDCOLLUM, a parish, impro- 
 priate rectory, and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Iffa and Offa, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Lismore, 
 watered by the Suir, and forming part 
 of the Union of Carrick-upon-Suir, 
 from which it is about three miles 
 distant. See Kilmurry. 
 
 ARDCOLLUM, or Ardcolme, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Shelmalier, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns. It lies on the 
 north side of Wexford Harbour, 
 about five miles from the town of 
 Wexford, and contains a part of the 
 village of Castlebridge, in which is 
 the parish church. The island of 
 Erin- Beg in Wexford Harbour be- 
 longs to the parish. Population in 
 1831, 790. See Wexford. 
 
 ARDCRONE Y, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Lower Ormond, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, containing the post-town of 
 Cloghjordan. The parish church, 
 erected in 1824, is a remarkably neat 
 edifice. Population in 1831, 1681. 
 
 ARDEE, a parish, vicarage, and 
 market town, in the Barony of Ardee, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. The soil of this district is 
 fertile, and with the exception of 
 some hundred acres of bog, is all ara- 
 ble, or under tillage. The town of 
 Ardee, situated on the Dee, which 
 
 passes through it, is about ten miles 
 from Dundalk, and 43 from Dublin, 
 and is on the great road from that 
 city to Londonderry. It is a popu- 
 lous place, but, with exception of a 
 few good houses, indifferently built. 
 Next to Dundalk this is the most 
 considerable place in the county of 
 Louth. At Ardee are held quarter- 
 sessions; it is also the head of the 
 Excise district, including Monaghan 
 County, and the town has a Court- 
 House and Bridewell. The district 
 is different from what it was in 1812, 
 when Mr Wakefield, proceeding from 
 Castle Blayney to Ardee, “passed 
 through land which exhibited every 
 mark of wretched cultivation. Wood 
 was no where to be seen, the corn- 
 fields were naked, and without hedge- 
 rows, and the cattle and live stock 
 very few in number.” Ardee House 
 and Red House are in the immediate 
 vicinity, and in the neighbourhood 
 several commodious residences. This 
 town w'as anciently surrounded by 
 walls, and it had a stately castle on 
 the mound called Castleguard, said to 
 have been erected during the twelfth 
 century by Roger de Pippard. The 
 Castleguard, on the summit of which 
 are the remains of the castle and of a 
 parapet wall, is an immense mound of 
 earth, upwards of 90 feet in height, 
 600 feet in circumference at the base, 
 and 140 feet at the summit, the whole 
 tastefully planted, and surrounded by 
 a ditch and embankment. Roger de 
 Pippard also founded in 1207 an hos- 
 pital here for Augustine Friars, and 
 his descendant a Carmelite Friary, 
 the church of which was burnt by 
 the Scots and Irish under Edward 
 Bruce in 1313, when it was filled with 
 women and children. Two of the 
 schools qf Erasmus Smith’s founda- 
 tion are in the town, and there is a 
 Dispensary. The Corporation of 
 Ardee is ancient, and consists of a 
 portreeve, burgesses, and freemen. 
 It is alleged by the inhabitants that 
 corporate estates to the amount of 
 L.1000 per annum have been spoliat- 
 ed, and in 1840 the income of the Cor- 
 
ARD 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ARH 
 
 poration was little more than L 140. 
 Louth Hall, the splendid seat of the 
 Earl of Louth, is the most extensive 
 of those fine demesnes which occupy 
 the rich tract north of the town. 
 "Wheat is grown in large quantities 
 round Ardee, and farming in general 
 is carried on in a superior manner. 
 The sale of oats in the town in 1835 
 I was estimated at 73,400 cwts. Fairs 
 are held in June, August, October, 
 and December. Population in 1831, 
 
 I 3975* including the parish, 6181. 
 
 ARDEMINE, or Ardamine, a pa- 
 j rish and impropriate curacy in the 
 ! Barony of Ballaghkeen, county of 
 I Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, situ- 
 | ated on the coast of the Irish Channel, 
 
 ; and about four miles from the post- 
 town of Gorey. The Bay of Arde- 
 1 mine possesses excellent fisheries, 
 
 , and the harbour at Corntown is com. 
 modious. Population in 1831, 1535. 
 
 ARDER A, atownland in the coun- 
 i ty of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 considered to form a part of the pa- 
 rish of Rathkyran. It anciently be- 
 longed to the Abbey of Jerpoint. See 
 Rathkyran. 
 
 ARDERROW, a lake in the county 
 j of Galway, on the banks of which are 
 valuable ridges of limestone. 
 
 ! ARDES, a bay near Stranorlan, on 
 the coast of Donegal County, opposite 
 Sheephaven. Plumbago is obtained 
 on this coast. Doe Castle and the 
 mansion and demesne of Ardes, the 
 latter the most splendid in this re- 
 | mote part of the county, overlook 
 ; the Bay. One of the principal plan- 
 I tations in Donegal is at Ardes, and 
 also a fine nursery of sixteen acres 
 belonging to the proprietor. The 
 trees cover steep and poor land, but 
 have attained such a growth as to 
 afford good evidence of the capabili- 
 ties of the waste lands of the county. 
 In 1837 upwards of 2000 larch trees, 
 each measuring from two feet to two 
 feet ten inches at nine feet from the 
 butt, were exposed to sale, and this 
 was the first home growth of timber 
 offered for sale in Donegal. 
 
 ARDFERT, a bishopric inccrpo- 
 30 
 
 rated with Aghadoe in very ancient 
 times. It is now annexed to the Dio- 
 cese of Limerick, but its Chapter is 
 still composed of a Dean, Precentor, 
 Chancellor, Treasurer, and an Arch- 
 deacon, who are patrons of the rec- 
 tory. The parish of Ardfert is in the ; 
 Barony of Clanmaurice, county of 
 Kerry, and extends along the western 
 coast. The whole extent of the coast 
 from Tralee Bay is exposed to the 
 full swell of the Atlantic, and the j 
 only harbour or shelter is the small j 
 inlet near Ardfert. There are seve- j 
 ral tillage farms, and though bare, the 
 country is well inhabited. The an- 
 cient episcopal city of Ardfert, the 
 diocesans of which were at one time 
 styled Bishops of Kerry, is four miles 
 north-west of Tralee. Whatever it 
 was in former times, it is now a poor 
 decayed place, near the bleak and 
 bold shores of Ballyheigue Bay, with- 
 out trade of any kind, though it 
 boasts of two fairs, one on the 27th of 
 March, and the other on Whit-Mon- 
 day. It is alleged that Ardfert had 
 at one time a University , which must 
 have been a very humble institution. 
 The town was burnt about 1179, when 
 a superb abbey, said to have been 
 founded by St Brendan in the sixth 
 century, was destroyed. Thomas 
 Lord of Kerry erected on the site of 
 this abbey another for Franciscan 
 monks in 1253, and was interred in it 
 1280. The walls of the steeple, the 
 choir, a portion of the cloisters, the 
 dormitory, and a small chapel, still 
 remain, with an alleged statue of St 
 Brendan in relief. Near the cathe- 
 dral, now the parish church, was the 
 loftiest tower in Ireland, a handsome 
 structure of a circular form, which 
 fell in 1771. Ardfert contains many 
 memorials of antiquity. In the town is 
 the ancient seat of the Crosbies, Earls 
 of Glangore, and adjoining is Tobbritt, 
 another old mansion of that family. 
 The Plain of Ardfert between Tralee 
 and the high ground towards Kerry 
 Head is rich and well cultivated ; its 
 drainage is towards the sea, but the 
 streams are inconsiderable. This 
 
ARD 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ARD 
 
 district consists of thick beds of ar- 
 gillaceous sandstone. Copper ore 
 has been found at Ardfert. Popula- 
 tion, 929; of parish, 2276. 
 
 ARDFIELD, a parish, impropriate 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Ibane and Barryroe, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Ross, on the 
 coast of St George’s Channel. It 
 contains the post-town of Roscar- 
 berry. Population in 1831, 2023. 
 
 ARDFINNAN, a parish, rectory, 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Iffa 
 and Offa, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel, intersected by the 
 river Suir, the banks of which are 
 fertile. It receives its name from 
 St Finnan, who is alleged to have 
 founded an abbey for Canons-Regular 
 in it about A.D. 700, to which the 
 monarch of Munster, who was also an 
 archbishop, called Mac Cuillonan — a 
 name by no means royal , bequeathed 
 an ounce of gold and silver, his horse 
 and arms. In subsequent times there 
 was a Franciscan monastery, and a 
 castle erected by King John in 1186 
 still remains. The village of Ard- 
 finnan, three miles from Knocklofty, 
 a poor, ill-built, and miserable-look- 
 ing place, about seven miles from the 
 post town of Clonmel, extends into 
 the parish of Ballybacon. The sur- 
 face of the district from Ardfinnan to 
 Ballyporeen is remarkably beautiful, 
 the soil rich, and capable of producing 
 the finest wheat crops. It is formed 
 by parallel mountain ranges, and 
 though not properly a valley, it par- 
 takes much of that feature. Com- 
 fortable villas and farm-houses are 
 scattered throughout, and the dis- 
 trict is watered by the Tar, a stream 
 which falls into the Suir a little below 
 the village of Ardfinnan. Popula- 
 tion of village in 1831, 316; of parish, 
 878. 
 
 ARDFRY, a locality on the coast 
 of Galway, near Oranmore, noted for 
 the large bed of oyster shells near it, 
 many feet above high water mark. 
 This district suffered severely in the 
 wars of 1641, when Sir Richard 
 Blake’s property was completely 
 31 
 
 plundered. Beyond the mansion of 
 Rinville, and situated on the point of 
 the long narrow peninsula, formed by 
 the sinuosities of the Bay of Galway, 
 is Ardfrv, the fine marine residence 
 of Lord TTallscourt. 
 
 ARDGLASS, a parish, rectory, 
 united to that of Ballyphilip, and 
 sea-port town, in the Barony of. Le- 
 cale, county and Diocese of Down, 
 opposite Peel Castle in the Island of 
 Man, and said to be the nearest point of 
 land to that island. The town, which 
 is pleasantly situated on the shore of 
 a small harbour so called, and is seven 
 miles south-east of Downpatrick, was 
 in former times of considerable im- 
 portance, and was a valuable military 
 post during the Civil Wars. It was 
 long the principal place of trade in 
 the province of Ulster, next to Car- 
 rickfergus. In the reign of Henry 
 VI. it was a borough, having a cor- 
 poration, at the head of which was a 
 portreeve; and in the reign of Charles 
 I. its duties were let to farm. It is 
 now a poor place, sadly decayed, and 
 having few inhabitants. The har- 
 bour is full of rocks, and can be en- 
 tered only by fishing vessels, and the 
 out-trade is generally carried on at 
 Killough harbour, in consequence 
 designated Ardglass harbour. Near 
 this locality some thousands of per- 
 sons are employed in the fisheries, 
 and the harbour improvements have j 
 been made at the expense of W. 
 Ogilvy, Esq., and the Fishing Board. | 
 The Light- House exhibits a fixed 
 light, red towards the sea, and bright 
 towards the harbour. Upwards of , 
 300 boats frequent Ardglass during 
 the fishing season, one-third said to 
 be from England, one- third from the 
 Island of Man, and the rest from Ark- 
 low, Sherries, and other places on the 
 coast of Ireland. This concourse of 
 fishermen causes a considerable trade. 
 
 In 1835 the exports of Ardglass and 
 Killough amounted to L. 35, 161 ; im- 
 ports, L.2970. The ancient church 
 of Ardholl, near Ardglass, was the 
 original parish church, but was de- 
 serted, according to tradition, on ac- 
 
ARD 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ARE 
 
 count of the atrocious conduct of the 
 sept MacCarten, who massacred the 
 whole congregation when assembled 
 at a Christmas midnight mass. At 
 the north-east point is a curious lime- 
 stone cavern, with a large aperture, 
 penetrating sixty feet. In the village 
 are some old fortalices, known as 
 the King’s Castle , Horn Castle , Choud 
 Castle and Jordan's Castle. King’s 
 Castle, which is falling rapidly to de- 
 cay, was once a fortress of some size 
 and strength ; Jordan Castle, so called 
 from Simon Jordan, who held out in 
 it three years, till relieved by the 
 Lord Deputy Mountjoy, in 1601, is in 
 the middle of the town, and though 
 inferior to King’s Castle in size, was 
 of greater elegance, and of consider- 
 able strength. A long range of cas- 
 tellated buildings, called by the in- 
 habitants the New Works, is said to 
 have been erected by Shane O’Neil 
 about 1570. This range is situated 
 on the rocky shore of the bay, which 
 washes it on the north and east, and 
 is 250 feet in length by 24 feet in 
 breadth, the thickness three feet. 
 There are three square towers, one 
 in the centre, and one at each end, 
 and the apartments in the upper 
 story are gained by separate stone 
 staircases. These buildings are said 
 to have been used by merchants, and 
 are so constructed as to be secure 
 from piratical aggressions. Ard- 
 glass cont ains one of Erasmus Smith’s 
 foundation schools. It gave the title 
 of Earl to the family of Cromwell, 
 and afterwards that of Viscount to 
 the family of Barrington. Popula- 
 tion of town and parish in 1831, 2300. 
 Post-town, Killough. 
 
 ARDGROOM, a village and har- 
 bour on the borders of Cork and 
 Kerry, on a bay near Kenmare river, 
 opposite to which, on the north side 
 of the estuary, is Sneem Harbour. 
 Dutch Island lies in front of Ard- 
 groom. 
 
 ARDKEEN, or Ardquin, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Ards, 
 county and Diocese of Down, in 
 which is the post-town of Porta- 
 32 
 
 ferry. Population in 1831, 2176. See 
 Ards. 
 
 ARDKILL, a parish m the Barony 
 of Carberry, county and Diocese of 
 Kildare, including the village of Dirn- 
 turn, and the post-town of Eden- 
 derry. Population in 1831, 864. 
 
 ARDMAYLE, a perpetual curacy 
 in the county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. 
 
 ARDMORE, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Decies- 
 within-Drum, county of Waterford, 
 and Diocese of Lismore. It lies 
 along St George’s Channel, and con- 
 tains the villages of Ardmore and 
 Crobally ; the former a fishing-place, 
 having a number of comfortable cot 
 tages, and finely situated as a sea 
 bathing retreat, on account of its ex- 
 tensive, smooth, and sheltered beach. 
 Near it, on Whiting Bay, is the resi- 
 dence of Ardo, and two miles east- 
 ward the seat of Ballyquin. The 
 parish is of considerable extent, but 
 the surface is for the most part 
 mountainous, dreary, uncultivated, 
 and thinly inhabited. It is said that 
 Ardmore was in ancient times a bi- 
 shopric, of which two pious Irish- 
 men, called St Declan and St Ultan. 
 were successively bishops in the fifth 
 and sixth centuries. In the church- 
 yard is the dormitory of the former 
 holy man, and a stone is pointed out, 
 known by his name, which is believed 
 to have carried his bell and vestments 
 from Rome, having been miraculously 
 gifted with the power of locomotion. 
 A venerable church, completely in 
 ruins, is perched on a cliff overlook- 
 ing the sea, and about a mile north- 
 west was another, the chancel of 
 which is still used for divine service. 
 The fine Gothic arch which separated 
 the chancel from the body of the 
 church still remains, and denotes the 
 antiquity of the structure. The 
 round tower of Ardmore is an inte- 
 resting structure of antiquity. It is 
 about 90 feet in height, and differs 
 from many others in having bands 
 on the external wall. Population in 
 1831, 7318. See Youghal. 
 
ard 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ARD 
 
 ARDMORE-HEAD, in the above 
 parish, is a promontory of St George’s 
 Channel. It protects the village of 
 Ardmore on the south. Near this 
 headland is a curious and spacious 
 cavern called the Parlour , and the 
 rocky shores abound with numerous 
 caves. 
 
 ARDMORE. See Moyntaghs. 
 
 ARDMOY, or ARMOY,a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Carey, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor. The village of Ardmoy is 
 four miles from the post-town of 
 Ballycastle, and is pleasantly situated 
 on the river Bush. Fairs are held in 
 January, February, March, May, No- 
 vember, and December. Near it is 
 a round tower in ruins. Population 
 in 1831, 2622. 
 
 ARDMULCHAN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Skreen, 
 county and Diocese of Meath, about 
 three miles from the post-town of 
 Navan. This district is watered by 
 the Boyne, and its northern part in- 
 tersected by the Boyne Navigation. 
 The benefice forms apart of the Union 
 of Painstown. Population in 1831, 
 1061. 
 
 ARDNAGEEHY, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Barrymore, 
 county and Diocese of Cork. It lies 
 in the immediate vicinity of Bantry. 
 Population in 1831, 3715. See Ba.ntry. 
 
 ARDNAREE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kilmoremoy, county of Sligo. 
 It is six miles above the estuary of the 
 Moy, and is a suburb of B alling which 
 is in the county of Mayo. This vil- 
 lage is connected with that town by a 
 bridge of four arches over the Moy, 
 and consists of a principal street and 
 some diverging lanes. SeeBALLiNA. 
 
 ARDNORCHER, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Moy cash el, 
 Diocese of Meath, and county of W est- 
 meath, but partly in the Barony of 
 Kilcoursey in the King’s County. 
 This parish is also variously desig- 
 nated Ardnorchan, Ardnorghar, Ard. 
 nurcher, or Horseleap, and is about 
 three miles from the post-town oJ 
 Kilbeggan. There is a considerable 
 33 
 
 tract of bog in the district, which 
 could be improved, but no waste or 
 hill land. It includes the village of 
 Streamstown ; the parish church is 
 above the village of Horseleap, an- 
 other is at Clara, and an old chapel at 
 Kilcumreagh. Population in 1831, 
 3701. 
 
 ARDOILEN, an island on the coast 
 of Galway, anciently called Innis- 
 Arthair , on which was an Abbey, 
 founded in the seventh century by 
 one Arthur or St Fechin. Accord- 
 ing to tradition, a holy man named 
 St Gormgull lived on this island in 
 great repute, and died in 1017. 
 
 ARDP ATRICK, a parish, rectory, 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cost- 
 lea, county and Diocese of Limerick, 
 which forms part of that of Kilquane. 
 The village of Ardpatrick is west oi 
 Ardfinnan, on the side of the Castle 
 Oliver Hills, and contains the ruins oi 
 an ancient round tower. Fairs are 
 held in the village in March, April, 
 September, and November. The 
 post-town is Charleville. Population 
 in 1831, 2735. 
 
 ARDR A, a village in the county or 
 Donegal on the coast of Donegal Bay, 
 finely sheltered by the plantations ot 
 the mansion of Woodliill. The country 
 here is mountainous, and very unin- 
 teresting. 
 
 ARDRAGOOL BAY, a minor bay 
 or inlet in Bantry Bay. 
 
 ARDRAHAN, a parish, rectory, 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Kil- 
 tarton, Loughrea, and Dunkellin, 
 county of Galway, and annexed Dio- 
 ceses of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh. 
 The villages of Ballymagrath and 
 Scalp are in the Barony of Dunkellin. 
 The village of Ardrahan is situated 
 on a stream called Gurtnamackin, and 
 has fairs in March, September, and 
 November. Fine wheat is raised in j 
 the neighbourhood of Ardrahan, , 
 which is chiefly sent by water to 
 Galway for sale and exportation. 
 Between Ardrahan and Athenry is 
 an extensive district stretching to the 
 sea at Kinvara, chiefly pastured by 
 sheep, and interspersed with some 
 
A.RD THE GAZETTEER ARD 
 
 tillage of wheat. Population in 1831, 
 3805. Post-town, Oranmore. 
 
 ARDRE A, a parish, rectory, and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Portnehinch, 
 in the Queen’s County, and Diocese 
 of Kildare. The post-town is Emo. 
 See COOEBANAGHER. 
 
 ARDREE, a parish and impropri- 
 ate curacy in the Barony of Kilkea 
 and Moone, county of Kildare, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, lying on the 
 Barrow river. It forms part of the 
 Union of Nicholastown. See Athy. 
 
 ARDRE SS, a small village in the 
 parish of Killaghton, county of Gal- 
 way, about six miles from Ballina- 
 sloe. 
 
 ARDREVAN. See Fennagh. 
 
 ARDRISTIN, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Rath- 
 villy, county of Carlow, and annexed 
 Diocese of Leighlin, watered by the 
 Slaney river. It is about two miles 
 from the post-town of Tullow. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 543. 
 
 ARDS, a Barony in the county of 
 Down. The first harbour out of 
 Belfast Lough, on the coast of Ards, 
 is at Bangor ; and at Ballywater, Bal- 
 lyhalbert, Cloghy, and Newcastle, in 
 Quintin Bay* on the eastern shore of 
 Ards, are fishing stations. The pen- 
 insula of Ards runs out at Ballyquin- 
 tin to a low rocky point south of Tara 
 Bay. A rock, called the Bar Pladdy, 
 having eleven feet water at spring 
 tides, lies immediately off Quintin 
 Point, andthe true entrance to Strang - 
 ford Lough is between the Bar Plad- 
 dy and Killard Point on the opposite 
 side. The ferry across this lough or 
 inlet gives the name of Portaferry to 
 the town on the Ards side, opposite 
 Strang ford. 
 
 ARDS ALL A, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Navan, county and 
 Diocese of Meath, watered by the 
 Boyne. A monastery was anciently 
 at Ardsalla, and the district gave the 
 title of Viscount to the family of 
 Preston, Earls of Ludlow, a Peerage 
 now possessed by the Noble Family 
 of Ludlow, Earls of Ludlow, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland and in the Peer- 
 
 age of Great Britain. The post- 
 town of Navan is about three miles 
 distant. Population in 1831, 289. See 
 Navan. 
 
 ARDSALLIS, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Drumline, or Tomfinlough, 
 county of Clare, upwards of five miles 
 from Six-Mile- Bridge, which has a 
 good race-course, formerly much fre- 
 quented when the fairs were well 
 attended. It is situated on the Ard- 
 sallis, a stream which rises in the 
 mountains bordering on Galway, and 
 joins the Fergus about six miles from 
 the Shannon. A considerable tract of 
 valuable land in this quarter was irri- 
 gated and rendered productive by Sir 
 Edward O’Brien from the Ardsallis, 
 which is a very abundant stream. 
 Here are tuck and grist mills, the 
 former long of rude construction. 
 
 ARDSKEA, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Condons and Con- 
 gibbons, in the county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne. Buttevant is the 
 post-town. Population in 1831, 302. 
 See Buttevant. 
 
 ARDSTRAW, or Ardstrath, a 
 parish, rectory, and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Strabane, county of Tyrone, 
 and Diocese of Derry. It includes 
 the towns or villages of Macheracre- 
 gan and Newtown- Stewart, and the 
 village of Ardstraw Bridge, situated 
 on a branch of the Mourne, which 
 river receives the Derg in the parish. 
 The other villages are Moyle, Clady, 
 Garvelagh, and Douglas Bridge. The 
 district is said to comprise 44,974 
 acres, one-third of which is mountain 
 and bog. The soil, however, of the 
 arable and meadow tracts is fertile, 
 and the surface is agreeably diversi- 
 fied with hill and dale. Besides the 
 Derg it is traversed by the Glenelly 
 and Struel, which form the Mourne, 
 and produce salmon and trout ; and 
 there are several lakes, three of which 
 are in the demesne of Baron’s Court, 
 the splendid seat of the Marquis of 
 Abercorn. These lakes, in one of 
 which is a small circular island cover- 
 ed with trees, called M‘Hugh’s Island, 
 and has the ruins of a castle, abound 
 
ARD OF IRELAND. ARI 
 
 with oak and other trees, of which 
 numbers have been raised. There 
 are three mountains, one named Dou- 
 glas at the north-east side of the 
 parish ; and the other two, about a 
 mile distant from each other, are 
 known as Bessy Bell and Mary Gray 
 —names celebrated in a Scotish bal- 
 lad, but the connection of those un- 
 fortunate beauties with the district, 
 or even with Ireland, is rather puz- 
 zling. Some of the hills are beautiful, 
 and the scenery is in many parts most 
 picturesque and romantic, particu- 
 larly in the vicinity of Newtown- 
 Stewart. The minerals are unim- 
 portant, with the exception of an ex- 
 cellent freestone quarry near Dou- 
 glas, at which latter place is a bridge 
 of a single arch thrown over a moun- 
 tain stream, and here is a small vil- 
 lage. Besides the Marquis of Aber- 
 corn’s magnificent seat of Baron’s 
 Court, the other residences are Cas- 
 tlemoyle, with its long avenue of fine 
 i old lime trees, about a mile from 
 i Newtown- Stewart, Woodbrook, Al- 
 doghal, the house of Glennock, called 
 the Cottage , and several other sub- 
 stantial mansions. The chief anti- 
 quities are three castles erected by 
 the O’Neals, some Danish forts, and 
 three large stones placed upright on 
 a hill in a triangular position, desig- 
 nated Clogh- Ogle by the peasantry. 
 Ardstraw was in ancient times a 
 bishopric, united in 1240 to Clogher, 
 but since that period annexed to 
 I Derry. The benefice is said to be 
 probably the most valuable in the 
 patronage of the University of Dub- 
 lin. In the parish are several Roman 
 Catholic chapels, a number of meet- 
 ing-houses for Presbyterians and 
 other Dissenters, and some national 
 and other schools. An ancient cus- 
 tom has long prevailed of malting 
 bonfires on Midsummer Eve, and 
 driving cattle round them, but this is 
 not solely peculiar to the district. 
 Among the lower orders the married 
 women are generally designated by 
 their maiden names; and it is said 
 that strolling beggars are in the habit 
 35 
 
 of entering the houses of farmers and 
 gentlemen with as much ease and 
 freedom as if they belonged to the 
 family. A belief in the existence of 
 fairies, or wee people , is still cherished, 
 and these imaginary beings are blamed 
 for all domestic disarrangements. 
 Freemasons were, and probably still 
 are, very numerous in this parish and 
 Barony. Weekly markets are held 
 at Newtown- Stewart and Magheri- 
 crigan, and also six annual fairs. The 
 only manufactures are coarse and fine 
 linens, chiefly the former, which have 
 a good sale on the market days. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 21,212, including the 
 town of Newtown- Stewart. 
 
 ARDTRAMONT. See Artra- 
 
 MONT. 
 
 ARDTREA, or Ardtragh, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Loughinsholin, county of Londonder 
 ry, including part of the town of 
 Moneymore, but extending into the 
 Barony of Dungannon, in the county 
 of Tyrone. The parish is in the Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh, and lies partly on 
 Lough Beg, but chiefly on Lough 
 Neagh, and is intersected by the Bal- 
 lingderry river. There are two 
 churches, one in the village on that 
 river, and the other at Lisnamaron, 
 and in the parish are several national 
 and other schools. Newtown- Stew- 
 art, three miles distant from the vil- 
 lage, is the post-town of Ardtrea. 
 Population in 1831, 12,390. 
 
 ARGULA, a stream in Kilkenny 
 County, which enters the Nore above 
 Innistioge, between which and the 
 Kilmacow river, running southward 
 into the Suir above Waterford, is the 
 prominent group, of considerable 
 height, called the Walsh Mountains , 
 covering a surface of about ten miles 
 in length and six in breadth, the pas- 
 turage solely occupied by dairy far - 
 mers. Clay slate prevails beyond the 
 vale traversed by the Argula. 
 
 ARIG ADEEN, or the Silver Stream, 
 a river which falls into Courtmac- 
 sherry Bay. Pearl mussels are found 
 in this river. 
 
 ARIGAL, a mountain in Donegal 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ARI 
 
 near the coast, said to be the highest 
 in the province of Ulster. It rises 
 east of the remarkable cavern called 
 M i Swine's Gun , at Horn Head, which 
 is in a rocky cliff at least 60 feet in 
 height, entered by the tide, and is 
 shaped like a sugar loaf. Near it are 
 lead mines, the property of the Earl 
 of Leitrim. 
 
 ARIGNA, a river which is for some 
 distance the boundary between the 
 counties of Leitrim and Roscommon. 
 Quantities of iron, from the Arigna 
 Ironworks, are conveyed downwards 
 by the Royal Canal. In the vicinity 
 are also coaleries. A cut proceeds 
 direct from a bend on the road to the 
 Iron Works, discharging the river 
 into Lough Allen, and preventing in- 
 undations caused by the sudden rise 
 of the floods in the upper part of the 
 Shannon. Iron had long been manu- 
 factured on the opposite side of 
 Lough Allen at the base of the Sliebh- 
 a-neeran range, a name which in Irish 
 signifies the Iron Mountains, but the 
 Iron Works at Arigna were establish- 
 ed by three brothers named O’Reilly 
 about 1788, and the iron produced, 
 both in castings and bars, obtained 
 great repute in Dublin and the other 
 places to which it was sent. They 
 soon, however, were involved in pe- 
 cuniary difficulties, and notwithstand- 
 ing some assistance from the bank- 
 ing-house of Messrs Latouche, they 
 mortgaged their works and premises, 
 which were finally brought to sale 
 under the Court of Chancery. One 
 of the partners of Messrs Latouche 
 bought the Works for L. 25, 000, and, 
 imagining that money alone was 
 wanting to render the concern profit- 
 able, resolved to carry on the estab- 
 lishment on his own account. This 
 gentleman soon found to his cost that 
 it was a hopeless and unprofitable 
 concern, and the Works were sus- 
 pended about 1808. Mr Weld relates 
 that, when once riding with this gen- 
 tleman, they stopped before a large 
 iron gate, having nothing very extra- 
 ordinary in its appearance, in his 
 beautiful park of Bellevue. Mr Weld 
 33 
 
 was asked whether he had ever seen 
 such a costly piece of workmanship. 
 {f I see you are hesitating,” said Mr 
 Latouche, “and yet I can venture 
 to assert that you never saw a gate 
 which cost the owner so much. That 
 gate, Sir, cost me L. 80,000 ; for it is 
 the only thing I ever got out of the 
 Arigna Iron Works, in return for all 
 my money expended there.” Mr 
 Griffith, in his account of the Arigna 
 Iron Works, detailed in his Report 
 on the Connaught Coal District, says 
 —“Perhaps the frequent change ot 
 managers, more than any other cause, 
 tended to accelerate the failure of the 
 undertaking, for the plans of each 
 new master (that is, of each new agent 
 or manager of the Works) were gene- 
 rally at variance with those of his 
 predecessor, and the destruction of 
 the old and the erection of new works 
 caused very great additional expense. 
 Some were undertaken which sound 
 judgment would have disapproved; 
 and others, most useful, injudiciously 
 destroyed.” This gentleman was ex- 
 amined before a Committee of the 
 House of Commons in 1824 respecting 
 the coal in Lough Allen district, and 
 he stated as his opinion that there 
 were still remaining 8000 English 
 acres of good three feet coal, particu- 
 larly exempt from water, which would 
 yield upwards of 30,000,000 tons. Be- 
 fore the end of 1825 the Arigna Coat 
 and Iron Company , the Irish Mining 
 Company , and the Hibernian Mining 
 Company , alljoint- stock concerns, had 
 entered the field, with large capitals 
 and most intelligent and enterprising 
 agents, and the district on the confines 
 of Lough Allen became again the 
 scene of industry. The Arigna Com- 
 pany obtained possession of the old 
 Works and the coaleries attached to 
 them, on the south side of the river ; 
 and the two other Companies began 
 their operations in the mountains on 
 the north side of the river. Although 
 these Companies caused a vast im- 
 provement of the district, they did 
 not succeed, and the quantity of pig 
 iron made at the Arigna Works, be- 
 
tween November 1825 and May 1826, 
 only amounted to little more than 230 
 tons, and no more iron was manufac- 
 tured up to 1832. As to the situation 
 of the Arigna Iron Works, it may he 
 stated that they are near the mouth 
 of the valley watered hy the river so 
 called, on its southern side. The 
 mountain, which rises almost at the 
 verge of the Works, is said to be the 
 most important in the district, con- 
 taining several coal-pits. The near- 
 est, called the River Coalery, is 
 about half a mile from the Works, and 
 the Aughabehy Coalery is three miles 
 distant. 
 
 ARKLOW, a Barony, parish, rec- 
 tory, and vicarage, in the counties of 
 Wicklow and Wexford, and Archdio- 
 cese of Dublin. The parish extends 
 along the shore, about five miles from 
 j which are the extensive banks known 
 j as the Ar)< low Sands, on which are 
 valuable and abundant fisheries. The 
 i parish is bounded on the east by the 
 sea ; its greatest length is estimated 
 at eight miles, and its breadth from 
 three to four. The Avoca, or Ovoca, 
 flows through the centre of the dis- 
 trict, and divides it into what are call- 
 ed the north and south shires — the 
 former, including the parish of En- 
 norily, and containing thirty-three 
 townlands, being the property of the 
 Earl of Wicklow ; the latter, subdi- 
 vided into the upper shire and con- 
 stable wick of Arklow, is the property 
 of the Earl of Carysfort. Both of 
 these noblemen have mansions in the 
 parish, surrounded with fine old wood. 
 The Avoca is the only river; the 
 greatest elevation on the south side 
 of which is the mountain Croghan 
 Kinshela, said to be considerably up- 
 wards of 2000 feet above the level of 
 the sea. From it the surface gradu- 
 ally declines to the coast, only broken 
 by intervening elevations and hol- 
 lows, and on the shore are the low 
 conical hills called the greater and 
 smaller Arklow Rocks. North of the 
 Avoca, and near the coast, are the 
 parallel ranges of Glanteigue and 
 Rockfield hills, separated by the vale 
 37 
 
 which follows the course of the Pot- 
 ter’s river. The minerals may be 
 classed under the heads of granite, 
 clay slate, and primary trap ; and the 
 particular repositories of the mine- 
 rals are apparently confined to the 
 Croghan Kinshela mountain, in which 
 magnetic ironstone, blende, iron py- 
 rites, and copper pyrites, are found. 
 Some mining operations were adopt- 
 ed to extract the copper during the 
 18th century, but the predominance 
 of ironstone in the veins made the 
 attempt unsuccessful, or at least un- 
 productive. Native gold was also 
 discovered in this mountain, found in 
 lumps, one nine ounces, a second 18 
 ounces, and a third 22 ounces in 
 weight, and also in grains. Works 
 were established on the several 
 streams descending from the moun- 
 tain by Government, but the result 
 proved that no gold was to be found 
 as an inherent ingredient in the veins 
 which traverse the Croghan, and those 
 works were abandoned. Shelton, the 
 seat of the Earl of Wicklow, is an old 
 house, but the interior, completely 
 modernized, is delightfully situated 
 on the north bank of the Avoca, two 
 miles from the town of Arklow, at 
 the base of a hilly range gently in- 
 closing it, and surrounded by the 
 most romantic scenery of hill and vale, 
 the demesne containing some of the 
 most magnificent beech and chestnut 
 trees in Ireland. Kilcarra Castle, 
 the seat of the Earl of Carysfort, is on 
 the south side of the river, nearly 
 opposite Shelton, and is a castellated 
 edifice on a gentle declivity in a very 
 retired spot, commanding a noble 
 view of a finely wooded glen. Among 
 the other residences are Ballyrane, 
 Lambarton, Emma-Vale, Cooladan- 
 gan, Sally mount, and Emocle w, all sur- 
 rounded with thriving plantations. 
 The antiquities of the parish are of no 
 importance; the remains of a monas- 
 tery near the town have completely 
 disappeared; but there are still the 
 ruins of a castle at the head of the 
 town, on a commanding situation, the 
 works of which were destroyed by 
 
 D 
 
ARK THE GAZETTEER ARK 
 
 Cromwell; and some Danish raths, 
 particularly one in good preservation 
 on the lands of Ballyrane. The 
 mausoleum erected by the Earl of 
 Wicklow in the form of a pyramid is 
 seen from a considerable distance, 
 and within the church of Arklow is 
 a handsome monument erected by 
 John Knox Grogan, Esq. of Johns- 
 town- Castle, Wexford, to the me- 
 mory of his brother, Thomas Knox, 
 Esq., who was killed in 1798 at the 
 battle of Arklow, while bravely lead- 
 ing on his corps of yeomanry. As it 
 respects agriculture, the farms vary 
 from 20 to 80 acres or upwards, and 
 the leases are often for twenty- one 
 years. The mode of cultivation in 
 the district is greatly improved ; the 
 implements of husbandry are for the 
 most part those of recent introduc- 
 tion ; the drill system is followed in 
 the culture of potatoes where the 
 soil admits it ; lime and marl are the 
 principal manures ; and the usual ro- 
 tation of crops, with some variations, 
 is oats, potatoes, wheat, and again 
 potatoes ; but barley and turnips are 
 also raised. Good dairy cows are in 
 great repute; and fed calves and 
 large quantities of butter are sent to 
 the Dublin market. In 1816 the rent 
 of land in the more distant parts of 
 the parish varied from L.3 to L.l per 
 acre, and no ground except on the 
 mountain was let lower. The her- 
 ring-fishery is the great support of 
 the district, and the chief manufac- 
 ture carried on is connected with it— 
 spinning hemp and making nets. 
 The general food of the peasantry 
 and similar classes is said to consist 
 of potatoes, herrings, oatmeal, and 
 butter milk; many of the cottagers 
 have each a cow or goats ; their dress 
 and appearance rather superior to 
 those of some other districts; and 
 their houses, “neither of the best, 
 nor of the worst construction.” 
 There are several schools, and the 
 people are generally either members 
 of the Established Church or Roman 
 Catholics. Population of parish in 
 1831, 6309. 
 
 38 
 
 ARKLOW, a sea-port and market- 
 town in the above Barony and parish, 
 17 miles south from Wicklow, 49 
 miles south by east from Dublin, is 
 delightfully situated on the south 
 bank of the Avoca, which is crossed 
 by a bridge of 19 arches near its con- 
 fluence with the Irish Sea. Previous 
 to 1770 this town was a mere fishing 
 hamlet, and with the exception of one 
 slated house, was composed of a num- 
 ber of thatched mud- built cabins. 
 Mr Inglis, in his “ Ireland in 1834,” 
 describes Arklow as “one of the 
 poorest villages that could well be 
 seen ; it is entirely supported by the 
 herring -fishing during the season, 
 but all the rest of the year is miser- 
 ably off.” This, however, is a very 
 incorrect account, and although the 
 situation is probably one of its chief 
 recommendations, the town is consi- 
 derably improved, and it is much 
 better than a poor village. The main 
 street, which is of good breadth, runs 
 parallel to the Avoca, with a gentle 
 ascent towards the sea, and this forms 
 the Upper Town. At the higher end 
 of this street are infantry barracks, 
 the parade ground inclosed by a wall, 
 and connected with the old tower or 
 castle already mentioned as dilapi- 
 dated by Oliver Cromwell. In a con. 
 venient space in the Upper Town is 
 a very neat chapel, and on a rising 
 ground about the centre of the town 
 is the elegant parish church, with a 
 tower surmounted by minarets, from 
 a design by Francis Johnson, Esq. 
 Here are also a Dispensary and a 
 Fever Hospital. Towards the lower 
 end of the main street, the road by 
 the coast from Wicklow, by the 
 bridge over the river, enters the 
 town. A little below this is the 
 under part of Arklow, locally termed 
 the Fishery , consisting of mud and 
 thatched cabins most irregularly 
 built, and inhabited by fishermen. 
 This must have been the only part of 
 Arklow seen by Mr Inglis in 1834, 
 and certainly it is a poor, ill. ar- 
 ranged, and extraordinary collection 
 of hovels. 
 
ARK 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ARK 
 
 There are several schools in the 
 town, and near it a charter school, 
 endowed by Miss Mary Rowland, a 
 benevolent lady of Arklow, who be- 
 queathed property to the amount of 
 L.200 per annum for that purpose. 
 Four fairs are held during the year 
 for the sale of cloths, woollens, black 
 cattle, pigs, &c. The hemp manu- 
 facture and the making of nets are 
 the chief occupations connected with 
 the fisheries; but a soap- work and 
 some minor operative concerns are 
 carried on. The imports are coal, 
 salt, iron, timber, limestone, earthen- 
 ware, tar, pitch, hemp, ropes, and 
 other articles, and the chief exports 
 grain, cattle, pigs, and fish. The 
 harbour, however, is very indifferent, 
 though some improvements have been 
 effected ; the shore is lined with sand 
 hills, and the bay is considerably ex- 
 posed during easterly winds. The 
 herring-fishery employs a number of 
 boats, which have usually six men in 
 each; even in 1816 the sum realized 
 by maze and other rough fish was 
 estimated at L. 16,000, which of course 
 could be increased by additional boats 
 and men. In the interval, between 
 the herring seasons, many of the 
 fishermen dredge for oysters off the 
 coast, which they carry to Liverpool, 
 and return with coals and other ne- 
 cessaries, their families in the mean- 
 while making nets. Several sloops 
 and undecked vessels belong to this 
 little port, the latter chiefly employed 
 along the coast between it and Dub- 
 lin, conveying corn, iron, oysters, 
 sand, limestone, and other articles. 
 In 1835 the exports amounted to 
 L.3677, and the imports to L.6762. 
 
 Arklow was the scene of a very san- 
 guinary contest during the rebellion 
 of 1798. On the 9th of June a large 
 body of the insurgents, whose num- 
 bers are variously stated at above 
 20,000 and 30,000, and of whom 4000 or 
 5000 carried arms, advanced against 
 the town, which was defended by the 
 Hon. Major- General Needham and Co- 
 lonel Skerrett, at the head of nearly 
 1600 men. The rebels assailed the 
 39 
 
 Fishery with great impetuosity, and 
 succeeded in destroying the fisher- 
 men’s cabins ; but the chief scene of 
 action was at the Upper Town, where 
 the Durham Fencibles greatly distin- 
 guished themselves. About night- 
 fall the rebels were repulsed without 
 being pursued, and they retired in the 
 direction of Gorey, after suffering a 
 very considerable loss. The assail- 
 ants made little impression on the mi- 
 litary, though they were often exposed 
 to a hot irregular fire. Notwithstand- 
 ing their vast superiority in numbers, 
 they appear to have acted in a very un- 
 decided manner, and the only instance 
 of apparent bravery and resolution 
 evinced during the day was an at- 
 tack headed by the Rev. Michael Mur- 
 phy, a priest of the county of Wex- 
 ford, and a noted leader of the insur- 
 gents, against a party of the Antrim 
 Militia, who with one gun defended the 
 entrance of the town. Father Murphy 
 boasted of supernatural protection, 
 but he and many of his deluded fol- 
 lowers were destroyed by grape-shot. 
 It is said that they showed at first a 
 reluctance to advance, when Father 
 Murphy took some musket balls from 
 his pocket, which he said had been 
 fired by the military without injuring 
 him, though he had been repeatedly 
 hit, and he alleged that he had also 
 caught some of them in his hands. He 
 was killed while shouting to his fol- 
 lowers, and waving in his hand a stand- 
 ard, having on it a cross, and the 
 w’ords Liberty or Death. His body 
 lay for hours on the spot where he 
 fell, which is still pointed out ; after 
 the break of day his head was cut off, 
 and with the body, and with those of 
 his followers, cast into the flames of 
 some adjoining houses. The remains 
 were buried in an adjoining ditch, but 
 no indignities were offered to Mur- 
 phy’s corpse, and the assertion that 
 the military oiled their boots with his 
 grease is an unfounded calumny. The 
 insurgents carried off nine cart-loads 
 of dead and wounded, and lost at least 
 1000 killed. 
 
 Arklow gives the title of Baron to 
 
i ARM 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ARM 
 
 the head’of the most ancient and Noble 
 Family of Butler, Marquis of Ormonde 
 i in the Peerage of Ireland. Popula- 
 tion of the town in 1831, 3808. 
 
 ARLES, a village in Killeban pa- 
 rish, Queen’s County, a few miles 
 | from Carlow, on the road from that 
 j town to Maryborough. 
 
 | ARMAGH, an archbishopric, said 
 to have been founded by St Patrick 
 in the fifth century, and constituted 
 , archiepiscopal in 1152. The Arch- 
 diocese was once divided into the 
 English , now the upper part, and the 
 ! Irish , now the lower part. It is said 
 | to extend over 468,500 acres, in the 
 counties of Armagh, Londonderry, 
 
 ! Tyrone, Louth, and Meath. The 
 j number of benefices has varied, and is 
 still varying considerably by the for- 
 i mation of Unions , and the erection of 
 perpetual curacies. The Archbishop 
 bears the title of “ Lord Primate, and 
 Metropolitan of all Ireland.” The 
 See is valued in the Crown Books at 
 i L.183, 17s. l»d., and by the Board of 
 ■ First Fruits at L.400. The Arch- 
 | bishop’s income was estimated in 1779 
 at L.8000 per annum ; in 1812, at 
 i L. 12,000, but it is said that it was 
 i L. 15, 000, though much diminished by 
 ! the Church Temporalities Act. It is 
 ; probably fluctuating, as no two au- 
 thorities agree on the matter, one es- 
 timating it at L. 22, 000 per annum, and 
 another at L. 14,494. The Archbishop 
 has the greater number of presenta- 
 tions, only a few being in the gift of 
 the Crown of Trinity College, Dublin, 
 of the dignitaries of the Diocese, of 
 laymen, and others. St Patrick’s Ca- 
 thedral, Dublin, has one presentation. 
 The Chapter consists of the Dean, 
 Precentor, Chancellor, Treasurer, 
 Archdeacon, four Prebendaries, and 
 eight Vicars- Choral. The Archi- 
 episcopal province of Armagh in- 
 cludes the Dioceses of Dromore, 
 Down and Connor, Derry, Raphoe 
 (united to Armagh), Derry, Clog- 
 her, Kilmore, Ardagli (united to Xil- 
 more), Tuam, and Meath. The Arch- 
 bishop of Armagh, as I.ord Primate 
 and Metropolitan, ranks in Ireland as 
 40 
 
 does the Archbishop of Canterbury in 
 England, next to the Royal Family. 
 
 In the Roman Catholic division Ar- 
 magh is an archbishopric, of course 
 merely titular, and the suffragan bi- 
 shops are those of Ardagh, Clogher, 
 Derry, Dromore, Kilmore, Meath, 
 Raphoe, and of the united Diocese of 
 Down and Connor. The Synod of 
 Ulster , or, as it is now called, the Ge- 
 neral Assembly of the Presbyterian 
 Church in Ireland , has a Presbytery of 
 Armagh , which in 1840 consisted of 
 thirteen congregations, two of them 
 in the city of Armagh. In the Pres- 
 byterian Synod of Ireland , a body ana- 
 logous to the Seceders in Scotland, 
 there is also a Presbytery of Armagh , 
 consisting of fifteen congregations, 
 one of which is in the city of Armagh. 
 It may be here observed, that in 
 the town, and throughout the level 
 parts of the county and archbishopric, 
 the members of the Established 
 Church and of the two Presbyterian 
 bodies 'predominate, with not a few 
 Wesleyan Methodists and some Quak- 
 ers ; but the Roman Catholics are nu- 
 merous in the mountainous and less 
 cultivated parts. 
 
 ARMAGH, an inland county in the 
 Province of Ulster, is bounded on the 
 north by Lough Neagh, on the east 
 by the county of Down, on the south 
 by the county of Louth, and on the 
 west by those of Monaghan and Ty- 
 rone. It was constituted a county in 
 1584 by Sir John Perrot, Lord De- 
 puty of Ireland. Its greatest length 
 from north to south is nearly 32 Eng- 
 lish miles, its breadth from east to 
 west about 20 miles. The area in 
 square miles and acres is variously 
 estimated at 293,919 acres, and 328,183 
 acres, but the latter must be English j 
 measure. It is subdivided into the 
 eight Baronies of Armagh, Upper 
 Fews, Lower Fews, O’Neilland East, 
 O’Neilland West, Upper Orior, Lower 
 Orior, and Turaney. These divisions 
 correspond to nearly the Hundreds 
 in the English counties. The county 
 of Armagh contains 22 entire parishes, 
 and five parts of parishes, the re- 
 
mainder of which are in the adjoining 
 counties. In ancient times this dis- 
 trict was subdivided into the countries 
 of the septs of Clanbrassil, M‘Cahans, 
 or M‘Cane, Orior, O’ Hanlon, Few, and 
 O'Niellan. 
 
 The county is hilly, hut the eleva- 
 tions are of no conspicuous height 
 except in the south and west parts, 
 where the surface is considerably rug- 
 ged and barren. The principal moun- 
 tains, which may be considered as 
 forming one group in the south-east 
 of the county, and are a continuation 
 j of the Mourne range in the county of 
 Down, are Sliebh-Gullien, or Few r 
 | Mountain, nearly 2000 feet in height, 
 
 ! the Sliebh-Girkin, or Newry Moun- 
 tains, nearly 1350 feet, and the inferior 
 ranges of the Fathom Hills along the 
 Newry River, and the Faughell Hills, 
 north-east of Jonesborough, both of 
 these ranges being nearer the sea. 
 The northern part of the county con- 
 sists principally of extensive bogs of 
 great depth, and the soil remarkably 
 black, yet even in the mountainous 
 tracts the land is cultivated to a consi- 
 derable extent, and densely inhabited. 
 The soil, however, is generally fertile, 
 and in the neighbourhood of the city 
 of Armagh are most luxuriant fields, 
 numerous inclosures, and several or- 
 chards. The principal landed pro- 
 prietors among the nobility are the 
 Earls of Charlemont, Gosford, and 
 Caledon, but a great proportion of the 
 soil belongs to the Church of Ireland, 
 and to College and Corporation insti- 
 tutions, the members of which have 
 not the power of granting freehold 
 leases for lives; but the common leases 
 on other properties is twenty-one 
 years. The state of agriculture has 
 been considerably improved, and is 
 annually advancing, but in 1840 much 
 remained to be done throughout the 
 county in the way of inclosing, drain- 
 ing, weeding, and keeping the ground 
 in proper order. The system of sub- 
 letting was long carried on in Armagh 
 to such an extent, that the county 
 was often described as one large, dis- 
 jointed, irregular village, consisting 
 4 ’ 
 
 of myriads of cabins, the inmates of 
 which were often in the most miser- 
 able state of poverty and wretched- 
 ness. It was no uncommon thing for 
 a father to subdivide his small farm 
 among his sons, and to allot part of it 
 as portions for his daughters. The 
 dry cotters, or tenants of con acres, 
 abounded in this county, as in the 
 county of Antrim, and their number 
 is still considerable ; but this system 
 is now restricted, and that of consoli- 
 dating the small holdings into large 
 farms is much practised. The prin- 
 cipal grain raised is oats; barley is 
 grown, and the cultivation of wheat 
 has greatly increased, as has also the 
 consumption of wheaten bread among 
 the peasantry ; but potatoes and flax, 
 the formed said to be very inferior to 
 those in the southern counties, are 
 the staple articles of produce. The 
 chief succession of crops is oats re- 
 peated two or three seasons, after 
 wheat or potatoes with manure, which 
 for the most part is lime. Green 
 crops are, however, becoming every 
 year the objects of greater attention, 
 particularly among the wealthy far- 
 mers and those proprietors who cul- 
 tivate some portions of their own 
 lands. Many of the farms are still very 
 small, yet their tenants have at least 
 one cow and a few sheep, and none 
 but the poorest are without a pig. 
 
 It is said that the cows of the small 
 farmers are badly managed and treat- 
 ed, and often suffer severely during j 
 winter for want of fodder. An Ar- ' 
 magh hawkie must often grub her food 
 as she best can from the banks of 
 streams, rivulets, and green patches on ' 
 road-sides or in the bogs ; yet, though 1 
 there are no dairy farms of any ex- j 
 tent, the crowded state of the popu- ! 
 lation leaving little land for such 
 purposes, considerable quantities of 
 butter are sold for exportation even 
 by the small tenants. Little atten- 
 tion is paid to grazing, or to the pas- 
 turing of sheep ; the horses are small, 
 and a peculiar native breed of hardy 
 and sure-footed little nags prevail, 
 which are much used by the linen 
 
ARM 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 4RM 
 
 merchants in conveying those itine- 
 rating buyers and sellers and their 
 wares to the different markets, or in 
 their visitations to the numerous 
 groups of cabin villages. Goats are 
 reared, and especially pigs, of which 
 there are many thousands, and gene- 
 rally in such a domesticated state, 
 that their appearance, and the terms 
 on which they are with their proprie- 
 tors, are not a little amusing. The 
 pigs lnive generally as good quarters 
 as the inmates, but this is not saying 
 much as it respects the condition of 
 either. Apples are grown in such 
 quantities as to entitle Armagh to the 
 appellation of the Orchard of Ireland. 
 
 The chief manufacture is linen, 
 which is for the most part carried on 
 in the cabins or dwellings of the pea- 
 santry, the men devoting to their 
 looms those hours which are not re- 
 quired for the cultivation of their 
 farms, and the women spinning and 
 reeling the yarn. This manufac- 
 ture, however, has considerably de- 
 clined, and the condition of the 
 weavers materially affected by the 
 introduction of machinery into Eng- 
 land and Scotland for spinning flax, 
 and also by its introduction to a cer- 
 tain extent into the county. Yet it 
 is said that all the linen which the 
 weavers bring to market finds cus- 
 tomers, and though the depression of 
 the trade has induced some to emi- 
 grate to England and Scotland, others 
 devote more time to their farms, and 
 the facilities of steam communication 
 procure for their produce a readier 
 and better market. A mixed fabric 
 of cotton and flax called Unions has 
 been in some degree substituted for 
 linen, but the cotton manufacture 
 is limited. Coarse cloths, blankets, 
 and druggets, all of wool, are made 
 for domestic use. Throughout the 
 county are several extensive bleach- 
 ; fields, for which operations its nu- 
 j merous streams, fine springs, and 
 | smooth lawns, render it peculiarly 
 adapted. 
 
 The rivers of the county are the 
 Callen, which is the chief stream; the 
 42 
 
 Tallwater, and the Tynan, which fall 
 into the Blackwater; the Tara, the 
 Newtown-Hamilton, the Creggan, and 
 the Fleury, all of which enter the j 
 Bay of Dundalk; the Cam or Camlin, 
 which joins the Bann, and both, ren- j 
 dered navigable during a part of their 
 united course by a canal, enter Lough 
 Neagh. The lakes are Lough Neagh, 
 lying, however, between the counties 
 of Armagh, Antrim, Down, London- 
 derry, and Tyrone, and the small one 
 called Lough Clay in the west; Lough 
 Ross, and Loughs St Patrick and St 
 Peter on the border towards Mo- 
 naghan. The minerals of the county 
 are limited. Indications of lead are 
 perceptible in various places, and 
 traces of deserted mines. At Keady, 
 about eight miles from Armagh, a 
 lead mine was once in operation. 
 Chalybeate springs in several parts 
 intimate the existence of iron, but 
 not in sufficient quantities to hazard 
 the expense which the attempt to 
 work the mineral would incur. 
 Ironstone of a very rich quality, how- 
 ever, occurs, and soapstone, potters’ 
 earth, and brilliant cubic pyrites, are 
 found. Excellent marble is quarried 
 near Armagh. 
 
 The usual diet of the peasantry is 
 oatmeal, potatoes, milk porridge, her- 
 rings, occasionally pork, butter, and 
 wheaten bread, the consumption of 
 which last article, as already ob- 
 served, has materially increased. The 
 men are stout and well proportioned, 
 and the women handsome and fairer j 
 than those in other districts, in con- [ 
 sequence of their indoor occupations, j 
 Their clothing is much improved, 
 though there are not a few barefooted 
 and stockingless damsels to be seen. 
 On Sundays, and at fairs, both sexes 
 turn out generally in a respectable 
 manner. The taste for cockfighting 
 has declined, but they delight in 
 dancing, and are passionately fond of a 
 hunting scene. The moment the cry 
 of the hounds is heard, the spade is 
 thrown down, the loom is abandoned, 
 a rush is made towards the scene of 
 action, and away go huntsmen, pea- 
 
ARM 
 
 OF IRELAND 
 
 santry, and hounds in full cry, the 
 latter followed by their admirers with 
 almost incredible agility. It is said 
 that mendicants are numerous, and 
 that as a body they are a very immoral 
 fraternity, exercising their craft with 
 little regard to honesty, conscience, 
 or gratitude. 
 
 Armagh may be said to be chiefly a 
 rural county. It has few large towns, 
 and these not very populous. There 
 are several Dispensaries throughout 
 the county, which are of great advan- 
 tage to the people. The remains of 
 antiquity consist generally of ruined 
 castles, abbeys, and ancient churches. 
 On the summit of Sliehh-Gallien is a 
 remarkable cairn, said to form the 
 roof of a cavern of artificial construc- 
 tion. The county returns two mem- 
 bers to the Imperial Parliament; con- 
 stituency in 1840, 4041. Population 
 in 1831, 220,134. The expense of the 
 valuation of the county, under the 
 direction of George Griffith, Esq., 
 Commissioner, between July I> 1830, 
 and March 31, 1837, inclusive, was 
 L.2462. 
 
 ARMAGH, an ancient episcopal 
 city, the seat of the Primacy of Ire- 
 land, of the Archbishopric, and the 
 county town, in the Barony of its 
 name, is 82 miles north of Dublin, 
 and though now greatly reduced in 
 population, was in ancient times con- 
 sidered the metropolis of Ireland, and 
 only inferior to Dublin in the number 
 of its inhabitants. It is situated on 
 an eminence called Druimsailech, or 
 the Hill of Willows, and its name is 
 supposed to be a corruption of Ard- 
 macha, the High Place , or Field. 
 Round the base of the hilly acclivity 
 on which the city is situated flows 
 the river Callen in its course to the 
 Blackwater, and the summit is crown- 
 ed by the Cathedral, but the city is 
 environed by a number of inferior 
 eminences. According to tradition, 
 the far famed St Patrick was the 
 founder of Armagh in the fifth cen- 
 tury, and the city and the Episcopal 
 See originated in his abbey of Canons 
 Regular of the order of St Augustine, 
 43’ 
 
 ARM 
 
 which was for some years a celebrated 
 religious establishment. The city 
 had also a priory of secular priests 
 called Culdees, who served in the Ca- 
 thedral, a Friary of Franciscans, and 
 one of Dominicans. In A. D. 448 a 
 Synod was held in Armagh, the ca- 
 nons of which are said to be still ex- 
 tant. Before the arrival of the Eng- 
 lish and the conquest of Ireland, this 
 venerable city suffered sever^y by 
 conflagrations and plunderings oy the 
 Danes, and probably few towns have 
 experienced such a succession of mis- 
 fortunes. In A. D. 670, 687, and 778, 
 it was burnt : in 832 it was plundered 
 by the Danes, who seven years after- 
 wards completely destroyed it and all 
 its religious edifices. On six other 
 occasions it was ravaged by the Danes 
 during that century. After the ar- 
 rival of the English it was pillaged by 
 De Courcy, Fitz- Adelm, and De Lacy, 
 during the conquest of Ulster; and 
 during the subsequent centuries to 
 the accession of James I., who grant- 
 ed it a charter, the city was repeated- 
 ly plundered and burnt, especially 
 during the wars which desolated the 
 province of Ulster throughout the 
 reign of Elizabeth. These calamities 
 reduced it to a place of insignificance, 
 and Armagh was little better than a 
 collection of cabins till the translation 
 of Archbishop Robinson from Kildare 
 to the archiepiscopal and metropoli- 
 tan see of Armagh in 1765. This 
 distinguished prelate, who was created 
 Lord Rokeby in 1777, and died in 1794, 
 resolved to remove the Archiepisco- 
 pal residence, which, on account of 
 the unsettled state of Ulster, had been 
 long at Drogheda, and he erected the 
 present Archiepiscopal Palace, the 
 College, or Grammar School, the 
 Library, which has now several thou- 
 sands of volumes, and the Observa- 
 tory, amply furnished with astrono- 
 mical instruments. “ His Lordship,” 
 observes Mr Gamble, “ w r as a greater 
 benefactor of this town and neigh- 
 bourhood probably than even St 
 Patrick himself, and expended a con- 
 siderable part of his large fortune in 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ARM 
 
 improvements. He built churches 
 and bridges, he erected hospitals and 
 poor-houses, and he established a li- 
 brary.” 
 
 The lower part of Armagh is neat- 
 ly built, and on each side of the nar- 
 row street is a flagged footpath, but 
 the upper part is very irregular. 
 Some of the streets form a kind of 
 circuit on the slope of the hill round 
 the Cathedral; three are continued 
 to the Dimmit, and lead to the inclo- 
 sure of the church, and all the others 
 conducting into the town from the 
 surrounding country terminate in the 
 circuit. “ The city,” observes Mr 
 Inglis in 1834, “ exhibits unerring signs 
 of improvement ; new and handsome 
 rows of houses are seen in several 
 directions, and in the appearance of 
 the private houses and of the shops 
 there are evidences not merely of 
 wealth, but of what some would call 
 gentility , for want of a better word.” 
 In short, Armagh is a snug, comfort- 
 able, pleasant provincial city, sur- 
 rounded by a finely undulated coun- 
 try, ornamented with mansions, villas, 
 demesnes, woods, and highly cultivat- 
 ed fields. The Archiepiscopal Palace 
 is a structure combining elegance 
 with simplicity, and the grounds, 
 though not very extensive, are kept 
 in beautiful order, one of the terraces 
 presenting a view of hill and dale, 
 hedges, fields, and groves, of uncom- 
 mon beauty. Near the gate, but 
 within the Archbishop’s park, is a 
 holy well , which St Patrick is said to 
 have miraculously brought into ex- 
 istence by striking a rock when he 
 wanted water to baptize. The in- 
 ventor of this ridiculous legend seems 
 to have forgotten that there was such 
 a river as the Callen in the vicinity. 
 A rival holy well , however, has been 
 constituted in a more convenient 
 place for those resorting to such won- 
 derful springs, than the one within 
 the Archbishop’s park. A fine obe- 
 lisk of marble, 157 feet in height, and 
 of remarkably chaste proportions, 
 rises in the grounds, erected by Arch- 
 bishop Robinson (Lord Rokeby), who 
 44 
 
 employed the workmen in a time of 
 need, and this excellent prelate has 
 thus unconsciously raised a monu- 
 ment to his own worth. Near the 
 Palace is a private chapel, a peculiarly 
 beautiful edifice. 
 
 The original Cathedral of Armagh 
 was the oldest in Ireland, and the pre- 
 sent occupies a most commanding 
 situation. The former church, after 
 undergoing many changes from St 
 Patrick’s time, or whoever was the 
 founder, was destroyed in 1566 by 
 Shane O’Neil, to revenge some real or 
 imaginary insult offered to him by 
 Archbishop Loftus, the then Primate. 
 It was rebuilt in 1616 by Archbishop 
 Hampton, and again destroyed in 1642 
 by Sir Phelim O’Neil during the Pri- 
 macy of the celebrated Archbishop 
 Usher. It was once more rebuilt by 
 Archbishop Margetson in 1675, and re- 
 paired and improved by Archbishop 
 Robinson, who erected a part of the 
 tower and the spire. The whole edi- 
 fice has been completely restored, and 
 in some respects rebuilt, by Lord John 
 George Beresford, Archbishop and 
 Metropolitan since 1822 — “ a high 
 dignitary,” justly observes Mr Inglis, 
 “ who bears a good name in his city ; 
 liberal in his doings, encouraging im- 
 provement, generous in his dealings 
 with the people about him, and spend- 
 ing his income in Armagh.” The 
 Cathedral, though inferior in the 
 beauty of its architecture to most of 
 those in England, is nevertheless an 
 imposing edifice in the form of a cross, 
 183A feet from east to west, and 119 
 feet in breadth across the transepts in 
 the clear. From the intersection 
 rises a square tower, the battlement 
 of which is 31 feet above the roof, sur- 
 mounted by & spire 40 feet high, and 
 the entire hd£\fit from the ground 150 
 feet. Abflst of Archbishop Robin- 
 son, who died at Clifton near Bristol, 
 but whose body was brought to Ar- 
 magh, and interred in a vault beneath, 
 adorns the edifice, in which are also a 
 full length entire figure of his succes- 
 sor, Archbishop Stuart, a relative of 
 the celebrated Earl of Bute, a figure 
 
ARM OF IRELAND. ARR 
 
 ! of Dean Drelincourt, and several 
 pieces of sculpture by Irish artists 
 Attached to the Cathedral is the valu- 
 able Library, containing in 1841 pro- 
 bably 30,000 volumes, to the benefits 
 of which every resident within 30 
 miles of the city is entitled, by deposit- 
 ing double the value of the books 
 borrowed. 
 
 The College, or Grammar School, 
 erected by Archbishop Robinson, con- 
 tains suitable class-rooms, dining- 
 room, large dormitories, apartments 
 for the master, and a spacious walled 
 play- ground. The school is richly 
 
 endowed by a foundation of Charles 
 I., and during the incumbency of Mr 
 Carpendale, who was appointed by the 
 above Primate, it was regarded as the 
 Westminster or Eton of Ireland. The 
 Observatory is already mentioned. 
 The same munificent Primate also 
 procured the establishment of the 
 County Infirmary, the Market- House 
 and shambles, and directed the erec- 
 tion of the Military Barracks. The 
 Fever Hospital was erected and is 
 maintained at the sole expense of 
 Archbishop Lord J. G. Beresford ; a 
 Shop for the Poor has been instituted 
 by some individuals of his Grace’s fa- 
 mily ; and the Mendicity Subscription 
 Society affords relief to upwards of 
 500 persons. His Grace has also sup- 
 ported and endowed two schools — one 
 for 80 boys, and the other for as many 
 girls •, a chartered school for 20 girls 
 was founded by Dr Drelincourt, and 
 one for 50 girls supported by Lady 
 Lifford. The other public buildings 
 are the Lunatic Asylum for the coun- 
 ties of Armagh, Cavan, and Ferma- 
 nagh, the Court House, a large Roman 
 Catholic chapel, three Presbyterian, 
 an Independent, and two Wesleyan 
 Methodist meeting-houses. The 
 benefice of Armagh is a rectory, in- 
 cluded in a parochial union with seve- 
 ral other parishes, and the Cathedral 
 is the parish church ; but there is a 
 second church belonging to the Estab- 
 lishment ; and among the churches in 
 the outparts of the parish, that at 
 Grange, of pure white stone, and sur- 
 45 
 
 mounted by a tall handsome spire, was 
 erected by Archbishop Robinson. 
 
 Armagh is the assize town of the 
 county, and its chief trade is linen, 
 manufactured in the surrounding 
 country, brought into the city on the 
 market day, which is Tuesday, and 
 sold to the drapers for bleaching. 
 There are five branches of banks, 
 namely, the Bank of Ireland, the TT- 
 ster Banking Company, the Provin- 
 cial Bank of Ireland, the N^-them 
 Banking Company, and the Belfast 
 Banking Company, and five annual 
 fairs. The city is now lighted with 
 gas, the streets kept clean, and the vi- 
 gilance of the magistrates makes them 
 a terror to mendicants. Water is 
 supplied by pipes from a reservoir call- 
 ed Lowrie’s Lough, but is said to be 
 of indifferent quality. The Corpora- 
 tion consists of a Sovereign, Burges- 
 ses, and a Registrar. The walks round 
 the city are excellent, picturesque, 
 and agreeable, and in the vicinity is a 
 fine seat of the Earl of Go6ford. In 
 1799 King Ernest of Hanover, fifth son 
 of George III., was created Earl of 
 Armagh. The city returns one mem- 
 ber to the Imperial Parliament ; con- 
 stituency in 1840, 592. Population of 
 parish in 1831, 31,145 ; of the city, 
 8493w 
 
 ARMAGH-BREAGUE, a parish 
 and perpetual curacy in the county 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh, formed 
 from those of Keady and Lisnadil. 
 The village is upwards of seven miles 
 from the city of Armagh. 
 
 ARMOY. See Ardmoy. 
 
 ARNEY, a river in Fermanagh 
 County, which falls into Upper Lough 
 Erne. A feeder of the Arney, called 
 the Claddagh, is composed of three 
 streams, which descend from the Cuil- 
 cagh range of mountains, and after 
 running nearly a mile under ground, 
 reappears in this singular stream. 
 
 ARRAN ISLANDS, three islands 
 at the entrance of the Bay of Galway, 
 called the South Islands of Arran, to 
 distinguish them from the North 
 Islands of Arran on the coast of Done- 
 gal. The largest is Arranmore, com- 
 
ARR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ARR 
 
 prising- nearly 4800 acres, Innisman, 
 aboutl500 acres, andlnnis-Lehir or In- 
 nishere, upwards of 1000 acres. Each 
 island forms a parish and rectory in 
 the extensive Union of Ballinakill, 
 Barony of Arran, county of Galway, 
 and Diocese of Tuam. Arranmore 
 is between six and seven miles in 
 length and two in breadth, and con- 
 tains three villages and several ham- 
 lets. The surface is undulating, and 
 the highest elevation is within 380 
 feet above the level of the sea. The 
 soil is fertile ; agriculture and fishing 
 are the chief employment of the in- 
 habitants, who are chiefly Roman 
 Catholics, and as original and primi- 
 tive race as is to be found in Ireland. 
 Their costume is most extraordinary, 
 and they wear, in addition to their 
 often ragged and home-made cloth- 
 ing, a kind of boots made of untan- 
 ned leather, called poppootics. They 
 long believed, and they probably do 
 still, that they can see from this coast 
 Hy- Brasail, or the Enchanted Island , 
 the Paradise of the ancient Irish. 
 They have a great many boats, and 
 they also use a curt tgh, or boat made 
 of a frame work of willow, covered 
 with tarred linen, and provided with 
 a rudder, into which three or four 
 embark, and do not scruple to ven- 
 ture far out from the shore. An 
 excellent pier, 245 feet in length, 
 where upwards of 100 vessels of 40 
 tons can be accommodated, and a 
 landing quay was erected at Killeeny 
 on Arranmore, the largest of the vil- 
 lages, by the Fishery Board, which 
 has been of immense advantage to the 
 people. This island is a station of 
 the Preventive Servipe, and there is a 
 Light- House, the beacon revolving, 
 and of a bright colour. Arranmore 
 is designated Arran of the Saints , or 
 the Blessed , the origin of which sou- 
 briquet is apparent when it is stated 
 that in former times it had ten, or, as 
 some allege, thirteen churches, and 
 ten small monasteries. On the other 
 islands were five churches, and on 
 one of them a Franciscan priory, 
 founded in 1485. On a high cliff over- 
 46 
 
 hanging the sea is Dun- Angus, a 
 large circle of stones formed without 
 cement, and capable of holding at least 
 200 cows. This Dun- Angus, which 
 is probably a very ancient fort, is said 
 to preserve the name of a personage 
 who is credulously believed to have 
 flourished before the Christian era, 
 in the reign of one Mauda, Queen of 
 Connaught. Many interesting me- 
 morials of antiquity are in Arran- 
 more, consisting of remains of Drui- 
 dical temples, altars, raths, stone pil- 
 lars, sacred mounts and groves, and 
 miraculous wells or fountains. This 
 island was a great resort of St Bren- 
 don ; and St Enna, or St Ende, who 
 may be the same personage, built its 
 old monasteries, of one of which he 
 was Abbot. Among its other won- 
 ders, it is said that no mice can live 
 on it, and the soil has the peculiar 
 property of long preserving dead 
 bodies. It is very gravely related, that 
 one Conhubbar- Mac- an- Righ, alias 
 Connor King , an inhabitant of Arran, 
 died in 1580, at the age of two hundred 
 and twenty years , and it is said of this 
 worthy that “he killed beef in his 
 own house every Christmas for one 
 hundred and eighty years Those who 
 maintain the truth of this extraordi- 
 nary instance of longevity ought not 
 to take offence when it is denied. The 
 north-east coast of the Arran Islands 
 has a sloping beach of shingle, and on 
 the opposite side are very romantic 
 cliffs, abounding with the seafowl call- 
 ed puffins, on the eggs of which the in- 
 habitants exist in seasons of scarcity. 
 The islands produce a rental of about 
 L.3000, and the chief trade is fresh 
 and cured fish, feathers, and yearling 
 calves, in great repute with the Con- 
 naught graziers. Formerly the 
 islands had an extensive traffic in 
 whisky and smuggled goods. The 
 cattle, however, are often greatly dis- 
 tressed for want of water. Accord- 
 ing to an Irish tradition, the sea broke 
 through the Islands of Arran, and 
 formed the Bay of Galway. At Kil- 
 murry-fort and Kevin’s Head are 
 singular curiosities. In 1334 the 
 
A HR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ARV 
 
 Arran Islands, and the neighbouring J 
 island of Boffin, were plundered by 
 Sir John D'Arcy, Lord Justice of Ire- 
 land. They give the title of Earl in 
 the Irish Peerage to the Noble Family 
 of Gore, so created in 1762. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 2276. 
 
 The Arran Islands were also called 
 Killenoy , which is the largest, Kit- 
 ronon , and Shere. Many small islands 
 lie between them and the mainland, 
 such as Ardillan, Ilanenvraher, Inis- 
 harke, Coines, and Inis-be-find, or the 
 Island of the White Heifer , on which 
 quantities of ambergrease are often 
 found. On the same coast are Inis- 
 turk and Cerey, and between these 
 and the mainland are numerous islets 
 in the Bay of Barisol, next the two 
 Achils, then the Black Rock, well 
 known to mariners, and the islands 
 Inisker and Davilan. 
 
 ARRANMORE, or North Arran, 
 an island on the coast of Donegal, in 
 the Barony of Boylagh, and parish of 
 Templecroan, about a mile west of 
 Rutland. The surface is undulating, 
 i and comprises upwards of 2000 acres, 
 
 ! subdivided into very small portions, 
 and the peasantry are very poor. 
 Their chief occupation is agriculture, 
 such as it is, and kelp-making, and a 
 few of them have small boats. Man- 
 ganese and iroiistone ' are found in 
 abundance. Here is a Light- House, 
 the beacon a fixed bright light. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 788. 
 
 ARRIGADEEN. See Arigadeen. 
 
 ARRIGAL. See Arigal. 
 
 ARRIGLAN, a small stream in the 
 neighbourhood of the little town of 
 Kilworth, which waters one side of 
 the demesne of Moore Park, the seat 
 of the Earl of Mountcashel, and enters 
 the Blackwater with the Funcheon 
 below that town. 
 
 ARROW, a tributary of the Awn- 
 beg or Owenbeg river. 
 
 ARROW, a lake in the Barony of 
 Tyraghrill, parish of Aughanagh. 
 county of Sligo, 11 miles in length, 
 and covering a surface of upwards of 
 5120 acres studded with islands. The 
 banks are embellished with most ro- 
 47 
 
 mantic scenery. The mansion of 
 Hollybrook is beautifully situated on 
 this lake, which discharges itself by 
 the Uncion at Sadare Bay, about five 
 miles from Sligo. 
 
 ARTAGH. See Taughboyne. 
 
 ART ANE, or Artain, a parish and 
 small village in the Barony of Coo- 
 lock, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin. Here are the remains of an 
 old castle and church. The village 
 is within three miles of Dublin. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 237. 
 
 ARTE CLEAVE, a village in the 
 Half Barony of Coleraine, county of 
 Londonderry, including the townland 
 of Artecleave. It is five miles from 
 Coleraine, and has a post-office. 
 
 ARTHUR’S FERRY, a ferry on 
 the Shannon near Ilanarone, at the 
 termination of the canal from Lime- 
 rick, at which a weir is constructed 
 for the free navigation of the canal 
 to that city, at the estimated expense 
 of L.7738. 
 
 ARTHURSTO WN, or King’s Bay, 
 a town in the parish of St James, 
 county of Wexford, situated on Wa- 
 terford Harbour, three miles below 
 the junction of the rivers Barrow, 
 Suir, and Nore. It derives its name 
 from Arthur, first Lord Templemore. 
 Here are a commodious harbour and 
 pier. 
 
 ARTRAMONT, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Shelmalier, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, four miles from Wexford. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 628. 
 
 ARTREA. SeeARDTREA. 
 
 ARV A, a river in the county of 
 Sligo, which issues from Lough Arva, 
 a lake of about ten miles in length, 
 but of irregular breadth, and studded 
 with islets. The Arva has its course 
 to Ballisodare, where it is precipi- 
 tated over a tremendous rock into 
 the ocean. 
 
 ARVA, a village in the county of 
 Cavan, about three miles from Scrab- 
 by, six miles from Killishandra, and 
 within two miles of the shores of 
 Lough Gouna. It is encircled by a 
 series of small lakes, the banks of 
 
ASH 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ATH 
 
 which axe now planted by the Eaxl of ! 
 Gosford, the proprietor. 
 
 ARVAGH, a village in the Barony 
 which rejoices in the eccentric name 
 of Tidiaghonoho, about eight miles 
 from the parish of Killishandra, in the 
 county of Cavan. It is a perpetual 
 curacy, and the town or village is 
 near the lake of Seraba, one of the 
 sources of the Erne. Population, 
 about 300. 
 
 ASHBOURNE, a post-town or vil- 
 lage in the parish of Killegland, 
 county of Meath, 10 miles from Dub- 
 lin, and 13 miles from Drogheda, 
 j The town contains two good inns, 
 and several small retail shops, and is 
 enlivened by a streamlet which enters 
 the sea near Swords. The town 
 was begun about 1823 by Frederick 
 Bourne, Esq., the proprietor, who, 
 with his brothers, has effected many 
 improvements in the district. Near 
 j the town is the old square edifice, now 
 j known as the Castle of Ashbourne, 
 and adjoining is the race-course, on 
 which horse-races are frequently, 
 though not regularly held. 
 
 ASHBROOK, a place in the county 
 of Kilkenny, which gives the title of 
 Viscount in the Peerage of Ireland 
 to the Noble F amil y of Flow r er, so 
 created in 1751. 
 
 ASHFIELD, a perpetual curacy in 
 the county of Leitrim, and Diocese of 
 j Kilmore. 
 
 ASHFORD. See Killeedy. 
 
 ASHFORD, a post-village in the 
 ! parish of Rathnew, three miles from 
 ; Wicklow, and 22 miles from Dublin, 
 
 , on the south side of the Vartrey, 
 j and on the mail road to Dublin. Here 
 is a good inn. Close to the vil- 
 lage is Rossana, a beautiful residence, 
 formerly the occasional residence of 
 the celebrated authoress of Psyche. 
 In the park are some magnificent 
 Spanish chestnuts and oaks ; and con- 
 tiguous is Claremont, adjoining the 
 hamlet of Rathnew, at the junction of 
 tho roads leading to Rathdrum, Ark- 
 low, and Wicklow. 
 
 ASHTOWN, alocality in the county 
 of Galway, which gives the title of 
 48 
 
 j Baron in the Peerage of Ireland to a 
 l branch of the Noble Family of Trench, 
 so created in 1800. 
 
 ASKEATON, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Lower Connello, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick. 
 The parish extends on the banks of 
 the Shannon and the Deel, and is a 
 pleasant district, abounding with lime- 
 stone. The market-town of Askeaton 
 stands at the junction of the Deel with 
 the Shannon, 14 miles from Limerick, 
 and near it is one of the Earl of Des- 
 mond’s castles, a stately pile, the ban- 
 queting hall of which is preserved. 
 The remains of a monastery or abbey, 
 founded in 1490 by James seventh 
 Earl, are above the castle on the east 
 side . Askeaton was formerly a large 
 walled town, but it is now little more 
 than a decayed village. The Deel is 
 crossed by a good bridge on the road 
 from Tarbert to Limerick, and is 
 navigable for small vessels at high 
 water. As a ledge of rocks crosses 
 the bed of the river a short distance 
 below the former landing quay, the 
 Commissioners for Improving the 
 Shannon Navigation recommended 
 the new wharf to be erected at Cor- 
 nasoothera, about half a mile below 
 the town. Fairs are held in July and 
 October. Population in 1831, 1239; 
 of parish, 3425 
 
 ASKEATON, or Deel, in the above 
 parish. See Deel. 
 
 ASSEY, or Athsy, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Upper 
 Deece, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 watered by the Boyne. It is united 
 to the rectories of Balsoon, Clonar- 
 ney, and Killagh. In 1831 the church 
 was in ruins, and the population only 
 sixty-eight. 
 
 ATHANEASY, or Athnassy, a 
 parish and rectory in the Union of 
 Kilmalloch, Barony of Small County, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick. It 
 is in the vicinity of the post-town of 
 Bruff, and three miles from Kilmal- 
 loch. Population in 1831, 511. 
 
 ATHASSEL, a parish and annexed 
 rectory in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 
ATH OF IRELAND. ATH 
 
 Cashel, watered b j the Suir. Here are 
 the small but picturesque remains of 
 an Augustinian abbey, founded by 
 Fitz-Adelm de Burgo, and dedicated 
 to Edmund the Martyr. It is about 
 four miles from Cashel. 
 
 ATHBOY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Lune, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. The district is in 
 good cultivation, and in the parish 
 are the villages of Castletown and 
 Athboy- Commons. The parish con- 
 sists of a union of other parishes, and 
 j may contain 8000 Irish acres. The 
 j market-town of Athboy, which before 
 I the Union sent two members to the 
 Irish Parliament, is about 40 miles 
 ! north-west of Dublin, and a few miles 
 1 from Trim, on a stream called the 
 Athboy River, which falls into the 
 j Boyne, a short distance below the 
 town. It consists of one long street. 
 Large cattle fairs are held at Athboy, 
 and the weekly markets are well at- 
 tended. Near it are Athboy Lodge 
 (Hopkins, Bart.), and Danson’s Court. 
 Two schools and a small widows’ 
 alms-house are here supported by the 
 Earl and Countess of Darnley. Po- 
 pulation of town in 1831, 1569; of pa- 
 rish, 4275. 
 
 ATHEA, or Temple- Attea. See 
 Rathronan. 
 
 ATHENRY, or Athenree, a parish 
 partly in the Barony of its name and 
 in those of Clare, Tyaquin, Dunkellin, 
 and Kilconnel, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Tuam. Throughout the 
 parish are several villages ; those of 
 Mayo and Ubidbeg are in the Barony 
 of Clare ; the village ofMoan-Bawnis 
 in the Barony of Athenry; and at 
 Monwea are a commodious parish 
 church, a charter school, some nation- 
 al and free schools, and schools sup- 
 ported by the Kildare Street Society. 
 A charter school for girls has long 
 been instituted in that part of the 
 parish belonging to the Barony of 
 Tyaquin. The market-town of 
 
 Athenry, 121 miles from Dublin 
 and ten from Galway, was former- 
 ly a place of some importance, and 
 j sent two members to the Irish Parlia- 
 49 
 
 ment. The ancient name of the town 
 was Atereth , and it was chiefly found- 
 ed by an English colony. It was sur- 
 rounded by walls in King John’s 
 reign, some vestiges of which and a 
 gateway are preserved, and it is even 
 said to have had at one time a College 
 or University. The Dominican Friary, 
 a splendid structure, founded in the 
 thirteenth century, was accidentally 
 burnt in the fifteenth. An account 
 of it is given by Grose in his “ Anti- 
 quities of Ireland.” Part of the ruins 
 still remain, and the great east win- 
 dow is of good architecture. The 
 Military Barracks were chiefly con- 
 structed from the remains of this 
 structure, and the barrack-yard was 
 occupied by the cloisters. There was 
 also a Franciscan Friary, founded in 
 1464. Athenry is an old incorporated 
 town, is governed by a Portreeve, and 
 has three annual fairs ; but though it 
 was in the sixteenth century consider- 
 ed the second town in Galway, it is 
 now a poor place, and has no manu- 
 facture. A murage charter was grant- 
 ed to the Bailiff and Good Men of 
 Athenry in 1312. In 1577 the Mac-an- 
 Earlas, as they were called, sons of 
 the Earl of Clanricarde, and their fol- 
 lowers, burnt the town — “set the 
 new gate3 on fire, dispersed the ma- i 
 sons and labourers who were work- 
 ing, and broke down and defaced the 
 Queen’s arms.” In 1596, when the - 
 Northern Irish, led by Hugh Ruadh j 
 O’Donnell, ravaged the county of Gal- i 
 way, they took possession of the town, 
 and burnt it, with the exception of the 
 castle, which resisted them, and the 
 abbey and church. Since that time 
 Athenry has gone to complete de- 
 cay. The town gave the title of 
 Baron to the Noble Family of Ber- 
 mingham, but the Peerage is now ex- 
 tinct. A battle was fought near the 
 town in 1315 between the English and 
 Irish, in which the latter were defeat- 
 ed. Population of the town in 1831, 
 1093 ; of the parish, 10,977. 
 
 ATHLACCA, or Athlatricke, a 
 parish, rectory, and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Co 3 hma, county and Dio- 
 
 E 
 
ATH THE GAZETTEER ATH 
 
 cese of Limerick, three miles from 
 the post-town of Bruff. It is watered 
 by the Maigue, or rather by a beau- 
 tiful tributary of that river called the 
 Morning Star. Population in 1831, 
 1310. 
 
 ATHLASSON, a village in the 
 parish of Kinskyre, county of Meath. 
 
 ATHLE AGUE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Athlone, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of El- 
 phin, but a part of it extends into the 
 Barony of Allian, county of Galway. 
 The river Suck waters the district. 
 The parish consists of 22 townlands, 
 and comprises 3462 acres. The vil 
 lage of Athleague is four miles from 
 the post-town of Roscommon, and has 
 two annual fairs. In 1832, Athleague 
 consisted of one house of three sto 
 reys slated, two of two storeys slated, 
 twelve of two storeys thatched, and 
 twenty-five cabins. “The houses,” 
 says Mr Weld, “commence at the end 
 of the long winding causeway bridge 
 over the Suck, extending downwards 
 along the flat on the right bank of the 
 river, whence a cross street or road 
 ascends a hill in rather a rapid course. 
 Near the river stand some large insu- 
 lated mills, with undershot wheels, 
 worked by a branch of the stream 
 turned off for the purpose a little way 
 above the bridge. Their exterior 
 appearance, though employed, was 
 that of decay ; and some malt-houses 
 at the commencement of the town, 
 which, I was informed, had been once 
 connected with the mills, and in active 
 operation, were now totally abandon- 
 ed, and devoted to other purposes. 
 The appearance of the place was quite 
 dead; no shops, no movement. A 
 small inn, bearing rather a neater 
 aspect than what is commonly seen 
 in such places, tempted me to stop, 
 but the whole place did not afford a 
 feed of oats for my horse. The wo- 
 man of the house, of unusually good 
 address, said she had come hither 
 from the town of Roscommon, and 
 regretted the change, since there was 
 no business stirring on the road.” 
 Near Athleague, on the banks of the 
 50 
 
 Suck, are several neat small houses, 
 surrounded with trees, and the plan- 
 tations are numerous and thriving. 
 Population in 1831, of village, 418 ; of 
 parish, 5361. 
 
 ATHLONE, a Barony in the coun- 
 ty of Roscommon, which contains 14 
 parishes, 363 townlands, and com- 
 prises 83,862 Irish acres, or 135,843 
 English acres, of which 66,623 acres 
 (Irish) are arable, 16,337 bog, and 902 
 acres covered by water. The Barony 
 extends entirely across the county 
 from east to west, near the town of 
 its name, from Lough Ree on the 
 Shannon to the river Suck. The hills 
 are irregularly dispersed, and often 
 separated by bogs and flat alluvial 
 bottoms, but occasionally they form 
 ridges of from one to upwards of two 
 miles in extent. The distinct though 
 irregularly elongated groups in the 
 northern parts of the Barony extend 
 entirely across the county from shore 
 to shore, and divide a short distance 
 south of the parallel of Mount Talbot, 
 the one stretching along the course of 
 the Shannon, and the other along the 
 Suck. These groups are separated 
 from each other by bogs and marshy 
 flats. They rim in a north and south 
 direction through the central parts of 
 the Barony, and cut off the connec- 
 tion between the opposite sides of the 
 county for several miles, with* the 
 principal exception of the road be- 
 tween Ballinasloe and Athlone. Great 
 numbers of sheep are pastured on the 
 hills toward the Suck, and the sheep- 
 walks throughout the Barony are of 
 the most superior description. It is 
 remarked by Mr Wakefield, that “the 
 best sheep grounds in Roscommon 
 4 are on a limestone rock; the soil is 
 very thin, and will bear any de- 
 gree of wet weather through the 
 summer.” The wildest and highest 
 part of the district lies to the south- 
 ward of Mount Talbot, and the hills 
 onwards to near Ballinasloe are rough 
 and stony ; the roads ill formed, hav- 
 ing steep braes and descents ; ragged 
 hawthorn hedges occasionally mark 
 the boundaries of property ; and there 
 
ATH 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ATH 
 
 are few trees, the soil appearing unfa- 
 vourable to their growth. The hills 
 towards the Shannon are less broken, 
 and appear to consist of immense ac- 
 cumulations of limestone, gravel, and 
 rock. The most extensive bogs are 
 in the vicinity of the town of Ath- 
 lone, and on the banks of the Suck. 
 There are several small lakes in the 
 Barony, of which Lough Funcheon, 
 or Ballagh, nearly in the centre, about 
 two miles in length, and studded with 
 islands, is the largest. The streams 
 are numerous, but the Granough is 
 the principal river peculiar to the 
 Barony. “ Tillage in the Barony,’’ says 
 Mr Weld, “ as in other parts of Ros- 
 common, is on the increase, notwith- 
 standing the reduction of the price of 
 produce since the Peace of 1814, but 
 more so in proportion on the lesser 
 than on the larger holdings ; and 
 although numerous instances might 
 be cited where the resident gentlemen 
 have set the example of an improved 
 system, mnch of the tillage husbandry 
 is of the rudest description. Among 
 the hills on the side of the Suck, I 
 saw the harvest of considerable fields 
 borne home on the backs of men, 
 women, and children, in bundles pro- 
 portioned to their respective strength, 
 the carriers barefooted. As the soil 
 is more than usually diversified, from 
 deep and fertile loams to the thinnest 
 covering on rocks of limestone ; from 
 rich alluvial depositions in the valleys, 
 to meagre and hungry gravel on the 
 hills; so, where such great variety 
 obtains in the intrinsic value of the 
 land, a material difference of the rents 
 follows as a natural consequence. — 
 Farms of 100, 200, and 300 acres are 
 not rare, but very minute divisions of 
 land, more especially near towns and 
 villages, are also common. In pro- 
 portion to the minuteness of the sub- 
 divisions, the condition of the people 
 appears to become worse. In the 
 vicinity of Athlone hovels are to be 
 seen of as wretched a description as 
 could be found in any part of the 
 country; though, upon the whole, 
 improvement is afloat, and the gene- 
 51 
 
 rality of the new cabins in every part 
 of the Barony are decidedly superior 
 to those of the last generation.” 
 
 ATHLONE, a town divided by the 
 Shannon into two pretty equal parts, 
 but in different Baronies, parishes, 
 counties, and Dioceses. It is partly 
 in the parish of St Peter, in the Ba- 
 rony of its name, and partly in the 
 parish of St Mary, Barony of Braw- 
 ney, the former in the county of Ros- 
 common, the latter in the county of 
 Westmeath. To these two parishes 
 may be added that of Kiltoon, which, 
 with St Peter’s parish, is on the 
 west side of the Shannon, whilst 
 St Mary’s parish is on the east 
 side. These two parts of the town 
 are connected by an old bridge of nine 
 arches, built at an ancient ford of the 
 Shannon known as the Ath Luain, or 
 Ford of the Moon , from which the 
 town receives its name. This bridge 
 is only twelve feet wide, and is conse- 
 quently of great inconvenience when 
 a fair is held, or a market causes an 
 increase in the ordinary traffic. In 
 the centre of the bridge is a stone 
 monument erected in the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth. Besides this bridge 
 there are several others in St Peter’s 
 parish, three of which are over the 
 Canal at the back of the town, cut for 
 preserving the line of navigation of 
 the Shannon. 
 
 Athlone is about 76 miles nearly 
 due west from Dublin. The road 
 between it and Banagher was, and 
 probably still is, one of the worst in 
 Ireland, there being few mansions or 
 residences in the neighbourhood, but 
 the country greatly improves before 
 reaching the town, and the vicinity 
 is finely cultivated and diversified. 
 “ Athlone,” says Mr Inglis, “is a re- 
 markably ugly town. So deficient is 
 it in good streets, that after I had 
 walked over the town, I still imagined 
 I had seen only the suburbs. But it 
 is, notwithstanding, both an interest- 
 ing town, and an excellent business 
 town. It stands in the midst of a 
 well cultivated and thickly peopled 
 country, and both in its export and 
 
ATH 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ATH 
 
 general trade is rapidly improving. 
 At least 90 tons, chiefly corn, are sent 
 down the Shannon on a weekly ave- 
 rage by the Navigation Company. 
 The bridge is extremely ancient, and 
 is in a ruinous condition, altogether a 
 disgrace to the town and the king- 
 dom. — Athlone is a great military 
 station. Extensive barracks, both 
 for foot regiments and artillery, lie in 
 its immediate neighbourhood, and on 
 the Connaught Side a line of fortifica- 
 tions is erected. In the very centre 
 of the town, too, is an ancient castle, 
 with a strong central tower and mas- 
 sive bastions.” But a recent tra- 
 veller gives a somewhat more modi- 
 fied and pleasing description of the 
 appearance of the town.. “ Athlone,” 
 says the author of “ The Sportsman 
 in Ireland,” published in 1340, “ hears 
 I some marks of civilization ; it has a 
 , tolerable street ; women occasionally 
 wear stockings and shoes ; and some 
 of the children are clothed.” Above 
 Athlone bridge, upwards of 150 miles 
 from the sea, the Shannon is 300 yards 
 wide, and varies from 20 to 35 feet 
 deep. 
 
 Athlone consists of a series of nar- 
 row, tortuous, and dirty streets ; the 
 hanks of the river, which could be 
 rendered singularly beautiful by the 
 erection of quays and terraces, are 
 crowded with confused masses of 
 strong stone houses all huddled to- 
 gether, and the only agreeable pro- 
 menade is above the town on the Ros- 
 common Side, opposite the Artillery 
 Barracks, leading towards Ranelagh. 
 Every where else ugliness and incon- 
 venience meet the eye, and one can- 
 not help lamenting, says Mr Weld, 
 that “ some master-power should not 
 be able to interfere, and sweep away 
 the ancient deformities, and in giving 
 a different direction to the buildings, 
 confer new life and vigour upon the 
 place.” The former local appella- 
 tions of English Toivn and Irish 
 Town , applied to each of the divisions 
 of Athlone, is now forgotten, but the 
 Connaught Side and the Leinster Side 
 are still maintained. On entering the 
 
 Connaught Town from the bridge, a 
 flat space nearly level appears, on one 
 side of which to the south are houses 
 containing numbers of shops, and the 
 other is occupied by lofty walls sus- 
 taining the Castle mound. A weekly 
 market is held in this open space, hut 
 it is seldom destitute of stalls of one 
 kind or other on any day. The prin- 
 cipal butcher market, however, is 
 within an inclosure on the river in 
 the lower part of the town, having an 
 open passage to the water. In the 
 low ground behind this open space 
 are obscure streets, bounded by the 
 walls of distilleries, tanneries, and 
 other works. “Narrow lanes and 
 closes,” says an eye-witness, “abound, 
 in which cabins of the meanest de- 
 scription are huddled together, inha- 
 bited by people whose appearance 
 gave indication of the lowest state of 
 civilization. The looks of the men 
 and women were sallow and un- 
 healthy; their only covering rags. 
 The dirt and filth of these places are 
 disgusting in the highest degree, and 
 can scarcely fail to he injurious to the 
 general salubrity of the town. After 
 walking for a while through the 
 crowded and narrow streets, it is 
 quite a relief to enter the square of 
 the Barracks — to behold one place 
 at least where neatness, order, and 
 cleanliness prevail, and to find pure 
 uncontaminated air to breathe.” The 
 principal entrance to the Barracks 
 from the town is by a winding irregu- 
 lar street near the river, having 
 houses on one side fronting the ! 
 Castle, and intersected by hideous and j 
 dirty alleys or short passages. The j 
 best private houses in Athlone, and ; 
 the only street having pretensions to 
 cleanliness, are on the Leinster Side, j 
 and in this division are the inns, which 
 are described as very indifferent, 
 though the business is considerable. 
 
 Scarcely any traces remain of the | 
 walls or gates which defended Ath- 
 lone on the Connaught Side of the 
 Shannon. On the Leinster Side, one i 
 of the principal entrances to the town 
 near the river is through a gate- 
 
ATH OF IRELAND. ATH 
 
 way in one of the old square towers, 
 and the walls extend considerably in 
 the same direction, but obscured by 
 buildings. In reality there was little 
 necessity for walls on the Connaught 
 Side, as the bogs are a sufficient pro- 
 tection to the place along the river to 
 the south. The Canal constructed 
 to avoid the fords of the Shannon 
 adds to the strength of the modern 
 advanced forts and redoubts in this 
 quarter, to defend the main ap- 
 proaches along the road from Galway 
 by Ballinasloe, and the bridges across 
 this Canal are defended by palisade 
 barricades. The Barracks occupy an 
 elevated position on the river above 
 the bridge, and, with the three large 
 squares for parade and exercise, cover 
 at least fifteen English acres. Be- 
 yond these Barracks are the Barracks 
 for Artillery. The Military Hospital 
 is on the high ground some distance 
 from the river. The Barracks can 
 accommodate 2000 men, and contain 
 in addition store-houses, ordnance- 
 yards, armoury, and other buildings. 
 
 The Bridge is already mentioned. 
 It appears from a long inscription on 
 the monument, to have been built by 
 Sir Henry Sidney, Lord-Deputy of 
 Ireland. The arms of Queen Eliza- 
 beth are sculptured on the monu- 
 ment ; and several tablets, containing 
 figures in relief, supposed to be por- 
 traits of persons engaged in the erec- 
 tion of the Bridge, and various de- 
 vices, mottos, and other inscriptions, 
 one of which records that the four 
 centre arches were rebuilt in 1730 at 
 the expense of the Right Hon. Lady 
 Catherine Jones and the Corporation 
 of Athlone. This lady was of the 
 Noble Family of Jones, Viscounts 
 Ranelagh. Richard Viscount Rane- 
 lagh had constituted the Corporation 
 trustees for a considerable donation 
 of property, and half the tolls belong- 
 ed to them. This was probably the 
 connection of Lady Catherine with 
 the Corporation in restoring the 
 arches of the Bridge. Those arches 
 had been thrown down by Colonel 
 Richard Grace, the governor of the 
 53 
 
 Castle for King James in 1690-1. In 
 one compartment is the figure of a 
 certain Rev. Peter Lewys in a clerical 
 gown, having in his right hand a wea- 
 pon resembling a pistol, the barrel 
 twisted like a rope, and the figure of 
 a rat is in the attitude of biting the 
 thumb of the hand holding the pistol. 
 The tradition, we are told, is, that the 
 said “ Rev. Peter Lewys was an Eng- 
 lish monk who conformed to the Pro- 
 testant religion, and on coming to 
 Ireland was appointed Chanter of 
 Christ Church. Being a man of su- 
 perior abilities, when the Bridge of 
 Athlone was building he was sent by 
 Sir Henry Sidney to superintend this 
 and other works then carrying on 
 there. Wherever he went, however, 
 a rat followed him day and night, 
 and he could neither escape from nor 
 kill this troublesome attendant. One 
 day, having preached in the church 
 of St Mary, Athlone, after he had de- 
 scended from the pulpit, and all the 
 congregation, except the clerk, had 
 withdrawn, the rat appeared, when 
 he presented a pistol, with which he 
 was always provided, to shoot it. But 
 such were the sagacity and quickness 
 of this unaccountable animal, that it 
 avoided the shot by leaping on the 
 pistol, and biting the thumb which 
 held it, thereby inflicting a wound 
 which, from the laceration of the 
 nerve, being succeeded by a locked 
 jaw, not long after terminated in his 
 death.” This story was long im- 
 plicitly credited in Athlone, and pos- 
 sibly may still find supporters. The 
 purport of it, as connected with a rat , 
 ^sufficiently obvious. 
 
 The Sessions House , in which the 
 Quarter Sessions are held, is in the 
 Connaught town , and is described by 
 Mr W eld as “ a wretched place, disere • 
 ditable to the town.” Besides the 
 parish churches, Athlone contains a 
 large Roman Catholic chapel on the 
 slope of a hill in St Peter’s parish, 
 said to be within the limits of the an- 
 cient abbey ; a smaller chapel attach- 
 ed to a Franciscan convent; a Presby- 
 terian and other meeting-houses ; a 
 
ATH 
 
 ATH THE GAZETTEER 
 
 charter school, several free schools; 
 a Branch of the Provincial and one of 
 the National Bank of Ireland. One of 
 the breweries is very extensive. The 
 manufacture of felt hats has been 
 long carried on, for which the town 
 has obtained some celebrity; friezes 
 are manufactured, and some linen is 
 woven. There are four annual fairs, 
 two held in each of the parishes of St 
 Peter and of St Mary, and three weekly 
 markets amply supplied with meat 
 and vegetables, and sea and river fish. 
 As it respects the river fish — “the 
 first thing,” says the author of “ The 
 Sportsman in Ireland,” already quot- 
 ed, “ that aroused my surprise at 
 Athlone was the continued exposure, 
 for sale, of trout of eight, ten, or 
 j fifteen pounds each, which seemed to 
 excite no admiration among the peo- 
 ple. I was almost angry at the sight 
 of such splendid creatures sold for 
 the merest trifle ; and apparently re- 
 garded with less respect than the eels 
 which satiated the town.” Athlone 
 is conveniently situated for trade, the 
 Shannon being navigable at 38 miles 
 farther up, and it has the advantage 
 of the Grand Canal, which communi- 
 cates with Dublin, and joins^the river 
 17 miles below the town. The town 
 receives a considerable share of the 
 sum to be expended in improving the 
 navigation of the Shannon, the total 
 estimated expense of the works here 
 being not less than L.87,698. The 
 proposed new Bridge is below the old 
 one, on a line from Church Street and 
 Hatter’s Lane, to Barrack Street, hav- 
 ing Market Place and the Castle on 
 the left ; and below this bridge is the 
 weir in the channel of the river, in the 
 form of a semicircle. This new 
 bridge consists of only five arches, 
 the carriage-way broad and spacious, 
 with footpaths on each side. The 
 Canal, enlarged for steamers, its new 
 lock a few yards south of the present 
 one, a new bridge near the Battery, 
 and other improvements, must be of 
 great advantage to the property and 
 trade of the town. The new road 
 from Connaught Street is proposed 
 54 
 
 to be carried beneath the fortifica- 
 tions of the Battery, and in front of 
 Shamrock Lodge, crossing the Canal 
 by an elegant swivel Bridge, the whole 
 designed, in 1838, by Thomas Rhodes, 
 Esq., Civil Engineer. The Third 
 Report of the Commissioners for the 
 Improvement of the Navigation of the 
 Shannon, presented to both Houses 
 of Parliament in 1838, contains a great 
 many plans, particulars, and statistical 
 details, which, however, can only be 
 interesting to those personally ac- 
 quainted with the localities of the 
 town. 
 
 The Corporation of Athlone was 
 created by James I., and is of course 
 included in the Irish Municipal Act 
 passed in 1840. By the charter of 
 James I. it consisted of a Sovereign, 
 two Bailiffs, twelve Burgesses, and an 
 unlimited number of Freemen. The 
 Corporation can hold a court at stated 
 times for the recovery of debts under 
 L.5; the Sovereign can decide sum- 
 marily for sums not exceediug five 
 shillings ; and a court is also held to 
 administer justice in cases of injuries 
 done at the fairs. Before the Union 
 the borough returned two members 
 to the Irish Parliament ; it now re- 
 turns one to the Imperial Parliament ; 
 constituency in 1840, 235. Athlone 
 also gives the title of Earl in the 
 Peerage of Ireland to the Dutch Fa- 
 mily of De Ginkell, Barons de Reede 
 and Ginkell in the Netherlands, who 
 have no patrimonial connection with 
 the place. Godart de Ginkell, Baron 
 de Reede, was Lieutenant-General of 
 the Forces in Ireland under William 
 HI. He besieged and took Athlone 
 on the 30th of June 1691, and on the 
 12th of July that year he gained the 
 decisive battle of Aughrim over Gene- 
 ral St Ruth. For these services, 
 which completely annihilated King 
 James’ interest in Ireland, he was re- 
 warded with the Earldom of Athlone 
 and Baronage of Aughrim, and was 
 created a Peer by these titles in 1691-2. 
 His Lordship received in 1693 a grant 
 of the forfeited estates of William 
 Dongan Earl of Limerick, consisting 
 
ATH 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ATH 
 
 of not less than 26,480 acres, which 
 was confirmed in 1695 ; but the grant 
 was reversed that year by Parliament, 
 and appropriated to the payment of 
 the public debts, when the Family re- 
 tired to Holland, and no Earl of Ath- 
 lone sat in the Irish House of Peers 
 till 1796. George ninth Earl was born 
 in 1820, and succeeded his father Rein- 
 hardt-Diederick- Jacob eighth Earl in 
 1823. The Family seat is Amerongen 
 Castle, Utrecht. 
 
 As it respects antiquities, it is re- 
 corded by Ware that the Abbey dedi- 
 cated to St Peter, called Monasterium 
 de Innocentia , and belonging to the 
 Benedictines or Cistertians, was 
 founded in 1214 near the Shannon, but 
 not a vestige of it now remains. 
 About the same time the Castle was 
 built by King John to command the 
 ford. Great additions were subse- 
 quently made to the walls and forti- 
 fications, especially in Elizabeth’s 
 reign. It is said that the unfortunate 
 favourite, the Earl of Essex, frequent- 
 ly resided in the Castle during his 
 sojourn in Ireland, and some of his 
 letters were dated from it to the 
 Queen. Probably the oldest of the 
 military works of former times is the 
 tower on the Connaught side, in form 
 of a decagon, and supposed to have 
 been the Keep of the Castle, erected 
 by King John on property belonging 
 to St Peter’s Abbey above mentioned, 
 for which in 1216 he granted a com- 
 pensation and certain perquisites. The 
 many disasters to which this tower 
 has been exposed, and various repairs, 
 have considerably lessened its aspect 
 of antiquity, and it i3 now coated with 
 pebble dashing and whitened. It is 
 built on a rising ground, its mound or 
 platform sustained by a stupendous 
 wall. The great tower stands isolated 
 in the area, and is used as a Barrack 
 for troops. On the verge of the side, 
 next the lower town, the platform is 
 occupied by dwellings for the officers, 
 and the walls rising above those sus- 
 taining the platform have an impos 
 ing appearance. In other parts the 
 modern works are mounted with can- 
 55 
 
 non, which command the Bridge and 
 the approaches from the Connaught 
 side. “ The entrance,” says Mr Weld, 
 li is on the side next the river from 
 the slope of the street which winds 
 up the hill from the foot of the bridge 
 to the upper town, and the passage 
 to the summit is protected by various 
 barricadoes with loop-holes ; and final- 
 ly, near the platform by a fosse with a 
 drawbridge, which is the most mo- 
 dern of the works. Strong circular | 
 towers, surmounted with cannon at 
 irregular intervals in the outer walls, 
 add to the formidable appearance of , 
 the place.” 
 
 After the Battle of the Boyne, in j 
 1690, the Castle of Athlone was held | 
 for James II. by Colonel Richard • 
 Grace, who had been chamberlain to 
 the King when Duke of York. While 
 King William was investing Limerick, 
 he sent Lieutenant-General Douglas 
 against Athlone with ten regiments 
 of infantry, three regiments of horse, 
 two of dragoons, and twelve field- 
 pieces, with two small mortars. Colo- 
 nel Grace’s garrison consisted of three 
 regiments of foot, and in and round ; 
 the town he had nine troops of dra- j 
 goons and two of horse. General i 
 Douglas summoned Grace to sur- 1 
 render, but the latter snapped a pistol 
 at the messenger, saying — u These 
 are my terms, and these only will I 
 give or receive ; and after my provi- J 
 sions are consumed, I will defend the 
 town till I eat my old boots.” Dou- 
 glas battered the walls for eight days, 
 but finding that it was of no use to 
 persevere against such a strong place 
 without heavier guns than field-pieces, 
 he raised the siege, and retired. In 
 his dispatch to the Earl of Portland 
 he says — “ I have done my best endea- 
 vours at Athlone, but all my powder 
 is shot off except three barrels, and it 
 has become absolutely necessary to 
 retire. This place, I do assure your 
 Lordship, is of the greatest import- 
 ance of any in Ireland.” On the fol- 
 lowing year (1691) Athlone was in- 
 vested by General Ginkell with the 
 main body of William’s army, who. 
 
ATE 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ATH 
 
 after taking possession of the English, 
 or Leinster Town, determined to force 
 the passage of the Shannon by ford- 
 ing, and storm the Irish or Connaught 
 Town. Colonel Grace’s garrison had 
 been previously weakened by General 
 St* Ruth, the Commander-in- Chief 
 for King James, who had compelled 
 the governor to exchange three tried 
 regiments of foot for three inferior 
 ones. The town was taken by Gene- 
 ral Ginkell with very trifling loss on 
 his side ; the Governor fell in the 
 assault, and the army under St Ruth, 
 encamped in the neighbourhood, re- 
 treated to Aughrim, where in a few 
 days afterwards he was entirely de- 
 feated by Ginkell, who for his services 
 was created Earl of Athlone, as al- 
 ready stated. The besieged lost 1200 
 men during the whole attack, and the 
 siege cost the assailants 12,000 cannon 
 bullets, 600 bombs, nearly 50 tons of 
 powder, and a great many tons of 
 stone shot out of their mortars. The 
 castle and tower were considerably 
 injured, but completely repaired be- 
 fore 1697 — a year memorable for a 
 tremendous storm early on the morn- 
 ing of the 27th of October, which 
 almost desolated the town. On this 
 occasion the magazine of the Castle 
 took fire, and “ blew up 260 barrels of 
 powder, 1000 charged hand-grenades, 
 with 810 skains of match piled over 
 them, 220 barrels of musket and pistol 
 balls, great quantities of pick-axes, 
 spades, shovels, horse shoes, and nails, 
 all which blew up into the air, and 
 covered the whole town and neigh- 
 bouring fields. The town gates were 
 all thrown open ; the poor inhabitants, 
 who were generally asleep when this 
 tragical scene began, awakened with 
 the different surprising misfortunes 
 that befell them, some finding them- 
 selves buried in the ruins of their own 
 houses, others finding their houses in 
 a flame over their heads, others blown 
 from their beds into the streets; 
 others having their brains knocked 
 out with the fall of great stones, and 
 breaking of hand-grenades in their 
 houses.” 
 
 56 
 
 The suburbs of Athlone contain 
 no villages or objects of interest, and 
 consist mostly of poor cabins. The 
 lower orders were so recently as 1819 
 accused of very licentious and disor- 
 derly conduct on Sundays; — “every 
 regard for which,” says Dr Strean, 
 incumbent of St Peter’s parish, “is 
 considered at an end as soon as pub- 
 lic prayers are over, and the remain- 
 der, as matter of course, dedicated 
 to ball-playing, dancing, &c. The 
 married women retain their maiden 
 names, and would hardly be known 
 by their next neighbours if they were 
 called by the names of their hus- 
 bands.” A great many ancient and 
 curious customs were maintained by 
 the peasantry in and about Athlone, 
 and “ the Irish cry at wakes is kept 
 up here in all its savage howl of dis- 
 cordant sounds, calculated to shock 
 the ears of any civilized member of 
 human society.” Mendicity prevails 
 in and about Athlone to a lamentable 
 extent, especially in the town ; and, 
 according to Dr Strean, it has been 
 augmented by the donations and be- 
 quests of benevolent individuals to 
 the poor of both parishes of the town. 
 He alleges that beggars proceed to 
 Athlone not only from every part of 
 Ireland, but even from England and 
 Scotland, and that several actually 
 settle in the town to become entitled 
 to the charities. Nearly all the in- 
 habitants speak English and Irish, 
 but the latter is on the decline. 
 
 The parish of St Mary in Athlone 
 is a rectory and vicarage in the Dio- 
 cese of Meath ; that of St Peter is a 
 perpetual curacy in the Diocese of 
 Elphin; and that of Kiltoom a vicar- 
 age united with the vicarage of Cam- 
 
 ma, both also in the Diocese of Meath. 
 Population of the borough in 1831, 
 
 ll, 406 ; of the three parishes, 19,661. 
 
 ATHLUNKARD, a locality in 
 
 Clare County, the pasture lands of 
 which are often injured by floods. 
 
 ATHUMNEY, or Athlumney, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Skreen, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 separated from Navan by the Boyne, 
 
ATT 
 
 ATH OF IRELAND. 
 
 which is here crossed by two stone 
 bridges. Population in 1831, 817. 
 See Navan. 
 
 ATHNASSY. See Athaneasy. 
 
 ATHNET. See Anhid. 
 
 ATHNOWEN ST MARY’S, or 
 Ovens, a parish in the county of Cork. 
 See Ovens. 
 
 ATHY, an incorporated market- 
 town in the Baronies of Narragh and 
 West Rheban, partly situated in the 
 parishes of Athy St John, Athy St 
 Michael, and Church Town, or Rhe- 
 ban, in the county of Kildare, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. It is 32 
 miles from Dublin, and 18 miles from 
 Naas, and is on both sides of the Bar- 
 row, which from it is navigable to 
 the sea, and as the Grand Canal from 
 Dublin terminates at Athy, the river 
 forms with that Canal an inland com- 
 munication between that city and 
 Waterford. Athy is situated in a 
 pleasant agricultural district, from 
 which large quantities of corn are 
 sent weekly to Dublin, and is close to 
 an ancient ford, which is often men- 
 tioned as the scene of contest in Irish 
 domestic history. Two monasteries, 
 of which there are some vestiges, ori- 
 ginated the town, that on the west 
 side of the Barrow founded by Ri- 
 chard de St Michael, Lord of Rheban, 
 in the 13th century, for Crouched 
 Friars ; and that on the east side for 
 Dominicans, during the same cen- 
 tury, by the families of Boisel and 
 Hogan. The town was burnt by the 
 Irish in 1308, and plundered by the 
 Scots under Edward Bruce in 1315. 
 The castle, one tower of which still 
 remains, was erected about 1506 by 
 Gerald Earl of Kildare, to secure the 
 English Pale, and it was repaired 
 and enlarged in 1575 by one William 
 White, whose name it bears. It 
 stands at the end of the bridge 
 over the Barrow, and is used as 
 a prison or appenage to the county 
 gaol of Naas. Athy was formerly a 
 place of importance as a frontier 
 town of the English Pale, but before 
 the opening of the lines of navigation 
 it had rapidly declined. It is now 
 57 
 
 the chief place of traffic between 
 Dublin and Carlow, and is governed 
 by a Corporation, consisting of a So- 
 vereign, two Bailiffs, Recorder, Town- 
 Clerk, and Burgesses. The Corpora- 
 tion revenue is upwards of L.150. It 
 has a county court-house; commo- 
 dious infantry barracks; six annual 
 fairs; several schools; a Roman Ca- 
 tholic free school; a Roman Catholic 
 chapel; and some small Dissenting 
 meeting-houses. The Assizes are 
 held alternately at Athy and Naas, 
 and occasional General Quarter Ses- 
 sions are also held. The quantity of 
 grain sold at this thriving town may 
 be inferred from the statement of 
 1833: — Wheat, 57,720 barrels; oats, 
 19,472 barrels; barley, 8075 barrels; 
 in 1835, the quantity was — wheat, 
 37,811 barrels; oats, 19,878 barrels; 
 barley, 5787 barrels A wier and 
 lock were constructed on the Bar- 
 row at Athy in 1841. At Rath-Ard- 
 scull, near the town, is one of those 
 earthen works which are very nume- 
 rous in Ireland. A series of low de- I 
 tached hills extend from Athy to Old 
 Kilcullen, and include an open tract 
 of country watered by the Finnery, 
 but the lower part is chiefly occu- 
 pied by bog. The neighbourhood of 
 Athy was the scene of some insur- 
 rections and massacres in 1798, and 
 the Roman Catholic chapel was also 
 burnt, but whether intentionally, with 
 a design to charge it against the Pro- 
 testants, does not appear. Athy 
 formerly sent two members to the 
 Irish Parliament, and was then a nice 
 snug borough under the Duke of Lein- 
 ster. Population in 1831, 4494. 
 
 ATTANAGH, a parish, rectory, 
 and vicarage, chiefly in the Barony of 
 Fassadining, including Kilmenan and 
 part of Rosconnel, in the county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, but 
 extending into the Baronies of Cul- 
 linagh and Upper Ossory, Queen’s 
 County. The district is watered by I 
 the Nore, and is tolerably fertile and 
 in good cultivation. The post-town 
 of Durrow is two miles distant. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1477. 
 
AUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 AUB 
 
 ATTYMAS, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Gallen, county of 
 Mayo, and annexed Diocese of Achon- 
 ry, included in the Union of Ardagh. 
 The district is bounded on the south 
 by the Moy, and on the east by the 
 Ox Mountains, and is about four miles 
 from the post- town of Foxford. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2603. 
 
 AUBEG, or Awbeg, a tributary of 
 the Blackwater, seven miles from 
 Fermoy. 
 
 AUBURN, a decayed village about 
 six miles from Athlone, in the parish 
 of Kilkenny West, county of West 
 Meath, which is alleged by some to be 
 the Deserted Village of Goldsmith’s 
 celebrated Poem so called. The pro- 
 per name of the village is Lishoy, 
 and about three miles from it is 
 Ballymahon, where Goldsmith was 
 put to school, and where his mother 
 resided after the death of his father. 
 Three miles from Ballymahon, in 
 Forghany parish, in Longford Coun- 
 ty, is the hamlet of Pallasmorc, the 
 birth-place of the Poet. “ I do not 
 entertain the least doubt,” says Mr 
 Inglis, “ that the village of Lishoy 
 is the Auburn of Goldsmith, though 
 it is equally certain that he has graft- 
 ed upon its scenery English pictures 
 of rural things and country life. 
 Here are still the remains of the bust/ 
 mill ; there the decent church still 
 tops the neighbouring hill ; here is the 
 village preacher’s modest mansion ; and 
 there the circle of stones within which 
 stood the hawthorn bush. Lishoy 
 was Goldsmith’s favourite village ; he 
 mentions it often, and always with 
 enthusiasm, in his letters ; he passed 
 his early years in it, or in its immedi- 
 ate neighbourhood, and could there- 
 fore say, * Scenes of my youth.’ All 
 the scenery of the poem connects it 
 with this village, for although the 
 perishable has perished, yet all is re- 
 membered to have been as Goldsmith 
 painted it. The preacher’s mansion, 
 now (in 1834) a roofless and window- 
 less tenement, is known to have been 
 the minister’s house, and that mini- 
 ster is known to have been the Poet’s 
 58 
 
 brother, and to have been not the 
 rector, but the curate, on a small sa- 
 lary — perhaps forty pounds a- year, 
 and, moreover, to have been loved and 
 respected. The church — not in the 
 village, or its immediate neighbour- 
 hood, where a church generally is — 
 but topping ‘ the neighbouring hill,’ 
 is still seen as it is described. It is 
 only a few years since the hawthorn 
 bush was in its place, and opposite, 
 * near yonder thorn,’ stands the ale- 
 house, though not the identical house 
 with the 1 nicely sanded floor’ of which 
 Goldsmith speaks. At some little dis- 
 tance from the village rises a mansion, 
 which belonged to a General Napier, 
 who some time after 1730 is known to 
 have inclosed a domain, and to have 
 ejected the tenantry. I had nearly 
 omitted to observe, that in the name 
 of the house where ‘news much older 
 than the ale went round,’ there is 
 strong evidence in favour of the 
 claim of Lishoy. The alehouse is, 
 and always has been, called the Three 
 Pigeons. Now, Goldsmith has shown 
 on more than one occasion great fond- 
 ness for this name. — It is a tradition 
 in this neighbourhood, that between 
 terms at Trinity College, Goldsmith 
 was accustomed to spend his vacation 
 with his brother at Lishoy, and that 
 he used to resort to the Three Pigeons r, 
 where he was looked upon as a pro- 
 digy. — There is no doubt, however, 
 that Goldsmith has grafted English 
 life upon Irish scenery, and that rural 
 life in an English village, and some pic- 
 tures exclusively English, have been 
 transplanted to Lishoy. ‘ The nicely 
 sanded floor’ and ‘ varnished clock,’ 
 and ‘ hearth’ with ‘ flowers and fennel 
 gay,’ little resemble the Irish village 
 alehouse with its mud floor and turf 
 fire. Indeed, an alehouse has no ex- 
 istence in Ireland, because ale is not 
 the beverage of the people. — But 
 notwithstanding these discrepancies, 
 which are easily accounted for, Lis- 
 hoy is unquestionably ‘ Sweet Au- 
 burn,’ and Goldsmith took all his 
 pictures of still life, and some others 
 besides, from his favourite village, of 
 
AUG OF IRELAND. AUG 
 
 which he says in one of his letters: — 
 * If I go to the opera, I sit and sigh 
 for Lishoy fireside, and Johnny Arm- 
 strong’s Last good night from Peggy 
 Golden; or, if I climb up Eampstead 
 Hill, I confess it is fine ; but then I had 
 rather be placed on the little mount 
 before Lishoy gate, and there take in, 
 to me, the most pleasing horizon in 
 nature.’ ” 
 
 AUGHABEHY, a valuable coal and 
 mineral district which begins at the 
 Arigna river, and extends for a con- 
 siderable breadth upwards, its dis- 
 tance from the Arigna Iron Works 
 being about three miles. The coal- 
 eries of Aughabehy, -Celtinavena, 
 Gubberrudda, Carananault, and Der- 
 rynavoggy, are all situated in one 
 mountain ridge. The rail-road from 
 the Aughabehy coalery to the Arigna 
 Iron Works is 5500 yards in length. 
 In 1831, the level at the coalery, a 
 work of great importance both as 
 affording means of communication 
 with, and as unwatering the coal, was 
 carried to the extent of 522 yards. In 
 a report by Mr Twigg that year, it is 
 stated, that if the bed of coal con- 
 tinues of the same thickness as it is 
 where he measured it, every acre, 
 English measure, would produce at 
 least 2550 tons of coking coal. The 
 tract is equal to 160 English acres, 
 and would consequently yield 408,000 
 tons of coals. Castle Tennon, the 
 seat of the proprietor, is in the neigh- 
 bourhood. See Arigna. 
 
 AUGHANAGH, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Tiraghrill, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of El- 
 phin, stretching along Lough Arrow. 
 It includes the village of Ballinafad, 
 and the post-town of Boyle is five 
 miles distant. Population in 1831, 
 2135. * 
 
 AUGHANNUNCHON, a parish, 
 rectory, and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Kilmacrenan, county of Donegal, and 
 Archdiocese of Armagh. The dis- 
 trict is situated on Lough Swilly, and 
 the post-town of Letterkenny is about 
 four miles distant. Population in 1831, 
 1845. 
 
 59 
 
 | AUGHAVAL, or Oughaval, a pa- 
 I rish on the Bay of Westport in Mayo. 
 See Oughaval. 
 
 AUGHAVILLER, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Knock- 
 topher, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory. The district is three 
 miles ff om the post-town of Knock- 
 topher, on the road from Kilkenny to 
 Carrick-on-Suir, and includes a part 
 of the town of Newmarket. The 
 most remarkable objects are the ruins 
 of a round tower and an old church, 
 situated in the fine demesne of Cas- 
 tle-morris. The mansion stands on 
 an elevated piece of table land, encir- 
 cled by beautifully wooded hills, 
 which form a striking contrast to the 
 adjoining extensive flat country. The 
 upland tract through which the road 
 to Piltown passes, commencing near 
 Aughaviller ruins, is a mixture of 
 bog, moor, and marsh. Near Castle- 
 morris is the residence of Rosenara, 
 the plantations of which cover the 
 surrounding heights, and encircle the 
 village of Kilmagany. Population in 
 1831, 1684. 
 
 AUGHELOGUN, a small and poor 
 village in the parish of Annaghdown, 
 county of Galway, nine miles from the 
 town of Galway. 
 
 AUGHER, a post- village in the pa- 
 rish of Clogher, county of Tyrone, 
 pleasantly situated on the river Black- 
 water, three miles from the town of 
 Clogher. It has fairs in March, May, 
 August, and November. Augher 
 Castle (Bunbury, Bart.) is near the 
 village. Population in 1831, 688. 
 
 AUGIINACLOY, a small market 
 and post town in the parish of Car- 
 renteel, county of Tyrone, bordering 
 on the county of Monaghan, 16 miles 
 from Omagh, on the Blackwater, and 
 mail- road from Dublin to Derry. It 
 was begun by Acheson Moore, Esq., 
 who erected the parish church. The 
 town consists of one long street with 
 several diverging lanes, and contains 
 a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, 
 and Presbyterian and Methodist meet- 
 ing-houses. The weekly markets 
 are held on Wednesdays. 
 
AUG 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 AUG 
 
 AUGHNAGURGAN, a lake in the 
 county of Armagh, which discharges 
 itself by the river Callen. 
 
 AUGHNISS, a river in the county 
 of Mayo, which, as the author of 
 “ Wild Sports in the West” observes, 
 is “a union of mountain streams.” 
 It joins the Goolamore in its course 
 to the sea, and both flow, only a few 
 miles asunder, through a flat and 
 moory district, yet the salmon in them 
 “ vary with regard to season as much 
 as if they inhabited waters a thousand 
 miles apart. In Goolamore, through- 
 out the whole year salmon are found 
 in high condition ; in Aughniss from 
 October till April the fish are red, 
 spent, and worthless. Goolamore 
 flows from an extensive lake, and af- 
 fords an outlet to the waters of Car- 
 ramore. Judging from the constant 
 supply of white fish which Goolamore 
 yields all through the year, one would 
 conclude that the lake offers better 
 food and winterage to the salmon 
 than the shallower and colder waters 
 of Aughniss.” 
 
 AUGHOUR. See Freshford. 
 
 AUGHRIM, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Baronies of Clonmacnoon and 
 Kilconnel, county of Galway, and Dio- 
 cese of Clonfert. The post-village of 
 Aughrim is three miles from Balli- 
 nasloe, and 29 miles from Galway, and 
 the Grand Canal reaches within three 
 miles of it . A fair is held at Aughrim 
 on the 14th of October, at which, ac- 
 cording to Mr Dutton, no fewer than 
 25,000 turkeys are frequently sold, but 
 the birds are said to be inferior to those 
 of many other parts of Ireland, and also 
 “ much smaller, which probably pro- 
 ceeds from not getting corn at an 
 early period of their growth,” so that 
 the Galway turkeys must be the most 
 unfortunate of the feathered tribe. 
 Other fairs are held in March, Sep- 
 tember, and December. At Aughrim 
 was a priory, said to have been found- 
 ed by Theobald, the first Butler of 
 Ireland, for Augustine canons in the 
 thirteenth century. The village, 
 however, is chiefly celebrated for the 
 great victory obtained in 1691 over 
 60 
 
 General St Ruth and the forces of 
 King James by General de Ginkell, a 
 few days after he had taken Athlone, 
 upwards of 15 miles distant. St Ruth, 
 who was in the neighbourhood of 
 Athlone during the siege, retired 
 with his army to Aughrim, and here 
 resolved to retrieve his loss or die in 
 the field. <f The Irish,” says the 
 quaint contemporary writer, Richard 
 Burton, in his “ History of the King- 
 dom of Ireland,” republished in 1811, 
 “were never known to fight with 
 more resolution, especially the foot, 
 but it was their last effort, wherein 
 the gasping honour of the choice of 
 all the Catholic nobility and gentry in 
 the kingdom strove to do their ut- 
 most ; and besides, their number was 
 much superior to ours, being no less 
 than 20,000 foot, and 8000 horse and 
 dragoons, with all the advantage ima- 
 ginable that the situation of ground 
 could afford them. Of the Irish, 8000 
 were slain upon the field, and among 
 them the French General St Ruth, 
 who was killed by a cannon bullet, the 
 Lord Galway, and several others of 
 quality; about 500 were taken pri- 
 soners, among whom were the princi- 
 pal commanders in the army, with 
 twelve standards and thirty colours.” 
 This victory finished the conquest of 
 Ireland. Many traces of the battle 
 still remain in the district. Popula- 
 tion of village in 1831, 587 ; of parish, 
 2205. 
 
 AUGHRIM, a village and annexed 
 parish in the Barony of Ballinacor, 
 county of Wicklow, on the Avoca, 
 six miles from the post-town of Rath- 
 drum. Here are fairs in June, No- 
 vember, and December. 
 
 AUGHRIM, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony and county of Roscom- 
 mon, and Diocese of Elphin, compris- 
 ing about 3417 Irish acres, on the 
 Shannon, and about four miles from 
 Carrick-on-Shannon, between that 
 town and Elphin. Like other parts of 
 this Barony and county, there are nu- 
 merous improvements in agriculture, 
 and in the recently built houses and 
 cabins, yet there are many specimens 
 
AWN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ATL 
 
 in the district of the most abject mi- 
 sery, both as it respects the accommo- 
 dation and clothing of the peasantry. 
 “ The very old and the very young,” 
 says Mr Weld, “ appear occasionally 
 only half covered, and with such 
 shreds and tatters that it is marvellous 
 how these things, which do not de- 
 serve the name of garments, can be 
 put off or on.” Population in 1831, 
 4537. 
 
 AUGHRIM, one of the branches of 
 the Avoca river. 
 
 A VAGHON, a lake near Ballytrain, 
 in the southern part of the county of 
 Monaghan. 
 
 AVOCA, or Ovoca, a beautiful 
 river traversing the parish of Arklo w . 
 This river is justly considered the 
 most lovely of all the Irish streams. 
 It rises among the mountains of Glen- 
 dalough and Glenmaler, where its 
 different branches are known by the 
 names of Aughrim , Avonmore , and 
 Avoribeg. The two latter wild streams 
 unite at the romantic villa of Avoca 
 Cottage, and form the Avoca, or the 
 beautiful winding stream. It receives 
 the Darragh, or river of oaks , which 
 rises in the neighbourhood of Shille- 
 lagh. The Avoca flows through a most 
 picturesque vale, and passing under a 
 bridge of 19 arches, falls into the sea 
 about half a mile below the town of 
 Arklow. The river once abounded 
 with salmon. At Wooden-Bridge is 
 an Inn. 
 
 AVONMORE, a branch of the 
 Avoca river, which gives the title of 
 Viscount in the Peerage of Ireland to 
 the Noble Family of Yelverton, so 
 created in 1800. 
 
 AWNBEG, or Owenbeg, a river 
 which forms a singularly beautiful 
 rapid, before it enters the Maine at 
 Ballisodare, four miles above Sligo. 
 
 AWNBUIE, or the Yellow or Taw- 
 ny River , the final tributary of the 
 
 61 
 
 Lee in Cork County. On the west 
 side of the Awnbuie, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of the beautiful and exten- 
 sive demesne of Coolmore, is Aham- 
 artha Castle, built by the first Earl of 
 Desmond. It is a tower partly square 
 and partly octagonal, 52 feet high, and 
 joined at the west side to an oblong 
 building of two storeys, the whole 
 roofless. Upwards of a mile beyond 
 this are the ruins of Carrigaline Cas- 
 tle, once a strong residence of the 
 Cogans, based on a rugged and almost 
 conical limestone rock. To the south 
 of this the spire of Carrigaline church 
 is seen rising above a grove of trees, 
 and farther on is the village. The 
 Awnbuie rises some miles inland 
 among the Bandon Hills, and after a 
 serpentine course reaches Carriga- 
 line Bridge. On its right bank is 
 the small prettily situated village of 
 Crosshaven, and a little inland Tub- 
 beravoid, now Drake's Pool , where in 
 1587 Sir Francis Drake, who had been 
 chased at sea by a superior Spanish 
 fleet, lay concealed while the enemy 
 made a fruitless search of the harbour 
 without for him. 
 
 AWNMARTIN, a romantic stream 
 near Blarney, county of Cork, which 
 descends into a valley through a se- 
 questered glen, traversed by the 
 public road. At the extremity is a 
 round tower , erected close to the Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel by the Rev. 
 Matthew Hogan, parish priest of 
 Blarney in 1841. 
 
 AYLE, a river in the county of 
 Mayo, which, running northward in 
 the first part of its course, becomes 
 subterranean immediately when it 
 descends from the mountain district, 
 and after a passage eastward of two 
 miles round the terminus of the range, 
 emerges, and flows southward along 
 the opposite side of the mountain, and 
 enters the head of Lough Mask. 
 
 p 
 
— 
 
 BAG THE GAZETTEER BAG 
 
 B. 
 
 BACK, a small village in the pa- 
 rish of Newtown-Limavady, county 
 of Londonderry. 
 
 BADONEY (LOWER), a parish 
 and rectory in the parish of Strabane, 
 county of Tyrone, and Diocese of 
 Derry, comprising a pleasant district 
 on the Moyle river. In the parish 
 is a Presbyterian meeting-house; and 
 Roman Catholic chapels at Ruskly 
 and Green castle. One of the schools 
 is on the foundation of Erasmus 
 Smith. The inhabitants are chiefly 
 employed in agriculture, wearing, and 
 breeding cattle. Population in 1831, 
 7024. Post-town, Newton- Stewart, 
 ten miles distant. 
 
 BADONEY (UPPER), a parish and 
 rectory in the same Barony, county, 
 and Diocese, as the above. The pa- 
 rish contains 38,208 statute acres, 
 nearly three-fourths of which are 
 mountain and bog. A Franciscan 
 monastery was founded at Corrick in 
 the fifteenth century, and there are 
 some fragments of an old castle. Most 
 of the small farmers are employed in 
 the linen weaving, and numbers of 
 cattle and horses are reared and pas- 
 tured bn the mountain tracts. There 
 are two Roman Catholic chapels, two 
 Presbyterian meeting-houses, and se- 
 veral schools. Population in 1831, 
 5715. 
 
 BAGENBON HEAD, or Bag. and- 
 Bun Head , a cape and signal station 
 about a mile below the small fishing 
 village of Fethard, on Bannow Bay, 
 in Bannow parish, Wexford, noted as 
 the spot on which the Anglo-Nor- 
 mans, Robert Fitz-Stephen and Har- 
 vey de Monte Maresco, under Strong- 
 bow, effected their first landing in 
 1169, or 1171. It acquired the ludi- 
 crous soubriquet of Bag-and-Bun 
 Heady now pronounced Bageribon , 
 from the names of the two vessels 
 62 
 
 which conveyed Earl Stronghow and 
 his Anglo-Normans — the Bag and 
 the Bun. See BANXowand Fethard. 
 
 BAGNAL. See Newry. 
 
 BAGNAL’S-TOWN, a small and 
 beautifully situated post-town in the 
 parish of Dunleckny, county of Car- 
 low, on the banks of the Barrow, 63 
 miles from Dublin, and four miles 
 south of Leighlin Bridge, which is on 
 the mail road from Dublin to Cork by 
 Clonmel. It is the first place of any 
 importance on the road from Carlow 
 to Borris. A handsome bridge is 
 erected over the Barrow. Mr Bag- 
 nal of Dunleckny, the proprietor, was 
 the founder of this town, which he 
 intended to he of some pretensions to 
 architectural taste, and to be desig- 
 nated Versailles, but an alteration in 
 the line of road frustrated this specu- 
 lation. The edifice called the Ses- 
 sions House is on an elevated site, 
 having an elegant Ionic portico. 
 There are several commodious and 
 handsome houses, and the town con- 
 tains a number of respectable inhabit- 
 ants. The quarrying and dressing 
 of granite for building employ various 
 persons. This stone abounds in the 
 district, and with the Carlow flag- 
 stones, brought from the neighbour- 
 ing quarries, is conveyed by the Bar- 
 row Navigation to Dublin, Water- 
 ford, and other places. The country 
 round Bagnal’s-town is remarkably 
 beautiful, in excellent cultivation, and 
 ornamented by hedgerows. The 
 plantations of Bagnal's-town House, 
 connected with the grounds of Dun- 
 leckny, almost environ the town. A 
 road proceeds from Bagnal’s-town to 
 Graig, by Gore’s-Bridge, along the 
 river ; and below, close to the river, is 
 the mansion of Doninga; two miles 
 farther is the residence of Bettyfield; 
 and onwards the estate of Lord Vis- 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 count Beresford is traversed, in the 
 finest state of agricultural improve- 
 ment, the houses of the tenantry not 
 only being substantial and comfort- 
 able, but of considerable architectu- 
 ral pretensions. Population in 1831, 
 1315. 
 
 BAILEY OF HOWTH (the), the 
 extremity of the Bay of Dublin, oppo- 
 site the Island of Dankey, which is at 
 the other extremity, nearly seven 
 miles distant, between which the sea 
 recedes in a semi-elliptical sweep to a 
 depth of about six miles inland. 
 
 BAILIEBOROUGH, or Moybo- 
 logue, a parish and rectory in the 
 Diocese of Kilmore. The parish is 
 partly in the Barony of Clonchee, 
 couaty of Cavan, and partly in that of 
 Kells, county of Meath, and the town 
 is in the Barony of Clonchee. The 
 small town of Bailieborough is 42± 
 miles from Dublin, and eight from 
 Moynalty, by which place and Kells, 
 three and a half miles distant, is the 
 nearest road. Between Moynalty and 
 Bailieborough the country is bleak, 
 hilly, and varied, but neither so fertile 
 nor so well cultivated as the more 
 easterly parts of the county of Meath. 
 Towards the hill of Loughanleagh, 
 said to be 1100 feet above the level of 
 the sea, the surface is much more 
 dreary and mountainous. The little 
 town of Bailieborough lies in a very 
 remote and upland district of the 
 county of Cavan, which, however, 
 has been considerably improved by 
 the proprietor (Young, Bart.), whose 
 fine seat of Bailieborough Castle is in 
 the vicinity. A lake is close to the 
 town, one is in the demesne of the 
 Castle, and several are in the neigh- 
 bourhood; also a chalybeate spricg. 
 The weekly markets are well attend- 
 ed, and the roads are in good condi- 
 tion. Two Presbyterian meeting- 
 houses are in the town. Fairs are 
 held in February, May, June, August, 
 October, and November. Population 
 ; of the town in 1831, 1315 ; of the pa- 
 : rish, 6223. 
 
 BALBRIGGAN, a sea-port town 
 in the parish and Barony of Balrotli- 
 63 
 
 eryp county of Dublin, which owes 
 its origin to Baron Hamilton, about 
 19 miles from Dublin, and a few miles 
 fr om Drogheda. The town is a good 
 fishing station, and has a pier, partly 
 built by Parliamentary aid, at the 
 head of which is a Lighthouse ; and a 
 small harbour, at the quay of which 
 vessels of 200 tons can discharge. To 
 be more minute, Baron Hamilton re- 
 ceived from the Irish Parliament for 
 this pier a grant of L.1500 in 1761, and 
 an additional sum of L.3752 in 1765. 
 The total cost was upwards of L. 15,000 
 The quay is about 600 feet in length, 
 but it would require a considerable 
 sum to make it commodious for large 
 vessels. The excellent Lighthouse 
 on the pier head was erected by the 
 Ballast Board. Although Balbrig- 
 gan has been considerably injured by 
 the alteration of the great north road 
 to the Ashbourne line, it has a con- 
 siderable coasting trade, and large 
 corn markets are held, the produce 
 brought to which is exported to Eng- 
 land. The town is noted for its stock- 
 ing manufactures ; there are cot- 
 ton-mills, several salt-works, and a 
 considerable business is done in the 
 town and neighbourhood in weaving 
 and the embroidering of muslin. In 
 1835 the exports amounted to L.5417 ; 
 the imports to L. 11,391. The parish 
 church and Roman Catholic chapel 
 are elegant edifices. Balbriggan is a 
 summer resort for sea-bathing, and 
 is a busy comfortable place, much 
 superior to most of the small towns 
 in its part of the country. Near the 
 town, on the Skerries road, are the 
 beautiful residences of Hampton and 
 Ardgillan ; two miles from it are 
 Lowther Lodge and Knockingan, 
 where the Delvin is crossed, which is 
 here the boundary of the county of 
 Meath; and here are the plantations 
 and baronial mansion of G ormans - 
 town, the seat of Lord Viscount Gor- 
 manstflwn. Population in 1831, 3016. 
 
 B ALC ARR A, a small village about 
 nine miles from Hollymount, and four 
 from Castlebar, the county town of 
 Mayo. It contains a parish church. 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 The huts or cabins of the peasantry 
 are here and in the vicinity of the most 
 wretched description; the pasture 
 fields are succeeded by masses of pro- 
 truding rock, and tracts of bog are 
 mingled with the patches under til- 
 lage. 
 
 BALCARICH, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Malahide, county of Dublin, 
 three miles from the post-town of 
 Swords. 
 
 BALDERIG, a cave on the coast 
 of Mayo, westward of Killala Bay, 
 at which yawls can be kept ; but, like 
 other smaller places on the same 
 coast, it is open to the north, and 
 being always exposed to a heavy 
 ground swell, affords little shelter for 
 craft of any kind. 
 
 BALDERIG, a small Coast Guard 
 station about seven miles from Bally- 
 castle, between which and Roseferry, 
 15 miles distant, is some of the finest 
 marine and cliff scenery. 
 
 BALDOYLE, a parish and curacy 
 in the Barony of Coolick, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, in the imme- 
 diate vicinity of the post-town of 
 Howth, and six miles from Dublin. 
 On the road to it are passed Marino, 
 a seat of the Earl of Charlemont, 
 and the ruins of Kilbarrick church at 
 the road which branches off from the 
 isthmus connecting the peninsula of 
 Howth Head with the mainland. 
 Baldoyle, a creek north of the Bay of 
 Dublin, is situated about a mile from 
 the main road on the shore of the 
 shallow estuary of Portmarnock, and 
 is a small place, having little trade ; a 
 few fishing smacks and wherries be- 
 long to it; the shores are bleak and 
 sandy, but inland the district is in the 
 finest cultivation. The picturesque 
 ruins of the old church are about a 
 mile distant, and in the village is a 
 Roman Catholic chapel. Population 
 in 1831, 1009. 
 
 BALDRASHANE, or Ballyra- 
 shane, a parish and vicarage partly in 
 the Barony of Lower Dunluce, county 
 of Antrim, and in the Liberties of 
 Coleraine, county of Londonderry, 
 and Diocese of Down and Connor. 
 
 61 
 
 Population in 1831, 3375. See Cole- 
 raine. 
 
 BALDUNGAN, or Baldongan, a 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Balrothery, county and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, about five miles from Bal- 
 briggan. Here is the splendid seat 
 of the Earls of Howth, built entirely 
 of flint stone, and erected in the 13th 
 century by Richard Bermingham, 
 whose descendant, Lady Elizabeth 
 Bermingham, daughter and co-heir- 
 ess of Thomas last Earl of Lowth, 
 married in 1 777 William second Earl 
 of Howth. The situation is peculiarly 
 fine, and the surrounding grounds 
 are picturesque and romantic. This 
 Castle was besieged in Cromwell’s 
 time, when it was attempted to batter 
 it with cannon from a neighbouring 
 height. Near it are the ruins of a 
 chapel and a nunnery. Population in 
 1831, 106. 
 
 BALDWIN’ S-TOWN, a poor vil- 
 lage in the parish of Garristown, 
 county of Dublin, adjoining the once 
 extensive bog and common of Garris- 
 town. 
 
 BALDWIN’S-TOWN, a village in 
 the Barony of Bargy, county of Wex- 
 ford, near Ballyteigue Bay. Near it 
 are the mansions of Brideswell and 
 Richfield. 
 
 BALEEK, or Belleek, a parish 
 and perpetual curacy, constituted in 
 1826, partly in the Baronies of Upper 
 and Lower Fews, and partly in the 
 Barony of Upper Orior, county and 
 Archdiocese of Armagh The vil- 
 lage is on the road from Newry to 
 Newtown Hamilton. In the parish 
 is a Presbyterian meeting-house. 
 Population, 3396. 
 
 BALFEGAN, or Balfeighan, a 
 small parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Upper Deece, county and Dio- 
 cese of Meath, containing about 925 
 acres, and annexed to four other 
 parishes. The post-village of Kil- 
 cock is about two miles distant. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 185. 
 
 BALG ALLEY HEAD, a promon- 
 tory on the coast, on the road from > 
 Carrickfergus by Larne to Glenarm, 
 
 1 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 about half way between these places. 
 Near it on the shore are the ruins of 
 Cairn Castle, and also anx>ld residence 
 of the Shaw family. The excellent 
 road along the shore in this quarter 
 was formed by the Board of Public 
 Works, under the superintendence of 
 William Bald, Esq., and is carried 
 along a singularly wild coast. 
 
 BALL, or Ball a, a small village 
 upwards of eight miles from Holly- 
 wood, on the road from that village to 
 Castlebar in Mayo. It is celebrated 
 by the old chroniclers, but is now an 
 ' insignificant place, only noted for its 
 ancient round tower and the ruins of 
 a church. Near it are the residences 
 of Athavallie (Blosse, Bart.) and 
 Browne Hall, and the equally insigni- 
 ficant village of Mayo. 
 
 BALLAGH, a parish and village 
 1 partly in Barony of Carra and in that 
 i of Clanmorris, county of Mayo, and 
 | Diocese of Tuam. Here are an abbey 
 1 said to have been founded by one St 
 ; Mochus in the seventh century, an 
 ancient round tower, and a peculiarly 
 holy well l The village of Ball, above 
 ; mentioned, is in the parish, and has 
 I fairs in June, September, and No- 
 vember. Population of village in 1831, 
 i 329 ; of parish, 3380. Post-town, Bally- 
 haunis, 15 miles distant. 
 
 | BALLAGHADIRREEN, a small 
 
 | and poor town three miles distant 
 from Castle-French, in the parish of 
 Kileoleman, within the county of 
 Mayo, after crossing the Lung. It is 
 in the neighbourhood of Lough Gara, 
 and has seven fairs during the year, 
 and in the vicinity is a military bar- 
 rack. On the road leading to Boyle 
 is the mansion of Edmonstown, and 
 among the villas on the banks of the 
 lake is Coolavin, the residence of a 
 gentleman named M‘Dermott, who 
 claims to be lineally descended from 
 the ancient chieftains of the district. 
 The country beyond this woe-begone- 
 looking place is bleak and boggy, 
 though relieved in some degree by 
 the detached hills of Cappough, Kil- 
 garrow, and other Heights. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1147. 
 
 65 
 
 BALLAGHAN POINT, a cape or 
 headland in the county of Louth, at 
 the southern entrance of Carlingford 
 Bay, upwards of fourteen miles south- 
 east of Newry. 
 
 BALLAGHKEEN, a Barony in 
 the county of Wexford, including 22 
 parishes, the villages of Oulart, Skreen, 
 and Kilmurridge, and said to com- 
 prise 38,000 acres. The river Slaney 
 bounds it on the west, the Scarewalsh 
 Bar on the north, the ocean on the 
 east, and the Barony of Shelmalier on 
 the south. The surface, though not 
 mountainous, is hilly, the soil for the 
 most part indifferent, and the district 
 is without limestone, or any harbour 
 Population in 1831, 26,620. 
 
 BALLAGHMOON, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Kilkea and 
 Moone, annexed to four other parishes 
 in the Union of Castle-Dermot, a 
 town four miles distant, which gives 
 its name to the Union. See Castle- 
 Dermot. 
 
 B ALLAGHMORE, a village in the 
 parish of Burros, Queen’s County, 
 near which are the ruins of Mona- 
 incha Abbey. 
 
 BALLAGHY, or Bellaghy, a 
 small village in the parish of Bally- 
 scullin, county of Londonderry, which 
 has fairs in May and November. 
 
 BALLAGHY, a poor village in the 
 parish of Kilconduff, Mayo, on the 
 road through a bare and very unin- 
 teresting tract to the little and melan- 
 choly-looking town of Swineford. In 
 the vic nity are the residences of 
 Clonmore and Doo Castle, and the 
 hamlet of Curry. 
 
 BALLAGHY, a village in the pa. 
 rish of Achonry, Sligo, in which are 
 several schools. 
 
 B ALL AN ACOURTY, a small har- 
 bour on the coast of Galway, about 
 four miles from Oranmore, on one of 
 the arms of the upper end of the Bay 
 of Galway. Near it is the mansion of 
 Tyrone House. 
 
 BAL LANE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Athenry, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tuam, an- 
 nexed with several other parishes. 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 Post-town, Loughrea. See Ath- 
 ejjry. 
 
 BALLARD-POINT, a cape or 
 headland in the county of Clare, near 
 the precipitous cliffs of Ballard, and 
 north-east of Loop-Head Light. 
 
 B ALLEE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Lecale, county and 
 Diocese of Down. Population in 
 1831, 2598. 
 
 B ALLEEN, a parish in the Barony 
 of Galmoy, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory, ecclesiastically 
 annexed to the parishes of Clone, 
 Coolcashin, and Sheffin. See Fresh- 
 ford. 
 
 BALLENVALLEY, a stream in 
 the county of Wicklow, near Arklow, 
 at Croghan Kinshela, noted for the 
 accidental discovery of native gold, 
 at first kept secret, but, as Mr M‘Cul- 
 loch observes in his i( Statistical Ac- 
 count of the British Empire,” pub- 
 lished in 1837, “ being divulged, almost 
 the whole population of the immediate 
 neighbourhood flocked to gather so 
 rich a harvest, actually neglecting at 
 the time the produce of their own 
 fields. This happened about the 
 autumn of 1790, when several hundred 
 people might be seen daily assembled, 
 digging and searching for gold in the 
 banks and bed of the stream. Soon 
 after Government determined to com- 
 mence active operations. Regular 
 stream works were established, and 
 at the period of the Rebellion in 1798, 
 when the Works were destroyed, Go- 
 vernment had been fully reimbursed 
 for its advances, the produce of gold 
 having defrayed the expenses, and 
 left a surplus in hand. In 1801 the 
 Works were resumed, and it was 
 proposed to extend the researches for 
 the discovery of auriferous veins. — 
 Numerous trials were made by driv- 
 ing and sinking in the veins, and the 
 j mineral substances obtained were 
 subjected both to fire and amalgama- 
 tion, but in no instance was a particle 
 , of gold elicited; hence Government 
 was induced to abandon the enter- 
 prise. The mining operations equally 
 failed in discovering tinstone, wol- 
 66 
 
 fram, and manganese, though all these 
 minerals had been found in th e stream 
 bed which contained gold. The total 
 quantity of native gold collected by 
 Government amounted to 944 ounces, 
 of which about 58 ounces were sold 
 as specimens at L.4 per ounce. The 
 aggregate value of the whole was 
 L.3675, 11s. Several trials were made 
 in the adjacent mountain streams, 
 and minute particles of gold were 
 found, but not sufficient to repay the 
 cost of the operations.” See Ark- 
 low and Wicklow. 
 
 B ALLIB AY, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Cremorne, 
 county of Monaghan, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. The district is intersected 
 by considerable tracts of bog and 
 marsh, but the surface on the whole 
 is agreeably diversified by undula- 
 tions and hills, and numerous small 
 lakes. The farm-houses are neat, 
 the tillage is good, and the cottages 
 are better than those of several other 
 districts. There are some bleach- 
 fields, and among the mansions are 
 Ballibay House, finely situated on the 
 small lake called Lough Major, amid 
 plantations; Carnaveagh; Crieve, in 
 the vicinity of which are small lakes 
 known as the Loughs of Crieve ; 
 Drumfaldu; Cremorne-Green; and 
 Agherlane. The northern base of 
 the isolated hill Bunnanimma rises 
 at the Loughs of Crieve. The town 
 of Ballibay, 11 miles from Carrickma- 
 cross, and 50 from Dublin, is on one 
 of the roads from the former place to 
 Monaghan. It is for the most part 
 well built, and contains several good 
 houses. The linen trade, which is ex- 
 tensively carried on throughout the 
 parish, has increased its extent, trade, 
 and importance ; a considerable quan- 
 tity of flax is sold at the weekly mar- 
 kets, and at the monthly fairs, which 
 are well attended, are often large sales 
 of horses, cattle, and pigs. This nice 
 little town has what is not often to be 
 found in places of its size in Ireland, 
 a Public Library ; the streets are kept 
 remarkably clean, and the parish 
 church and Presbyterian meeting- 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 house are neat edifices. Population 
 of the town in 1831, 1947 ; of the parish, 
 6685. 
 
 BALLIBOFEY. See Ballybofey. 
 
 BALLIBOY. See Ballyboy. 
 
 BALLIGARTH, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Duleek, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, containing lit- 
 tle more than 810 acres. It is water- 
 ed by the Nanney, on which is the 
 beautiful demesne of Ballygarth 
 House. Population in 1831, 96. 
 
 B ALLIN A, a town in the parish 
 of Kilmoremoy, county of Mayo, 126 
 miles from Dublin, by Mullingar, 
 Rathowen, Longford, Carrick-on- 
 Shannon, Sligo, Ballisodare, and Dro- 
 more West; and 119 by Longford, 
 Strokestown, Ballaghadirreen, Swine- 
 ford, and Foxford. The former road 
 lies greatly along the coast, and the 
 district between Ballisodare and Bal- 
 lina is bounded on the south by the 
 Ox and Lurgan Hills, which stretch 
 . westward from Lough Gill to Lough 
 Conn ; and on the north by that part 
 of the coast extending between the 
 Bays of Sligo and Killala — a tract re- 
 markably bleak, containing every va- 
 ' riety of soil, few trees, and inhabited 
 by small farmers, who are in gtneral 
 very poor, and by a very humble pea- 
 santry, whose cabins bespeak their 
 circumstances. The other road tra- 
 verses a country much the same, or 
 probably more so — wild, bleak, and 
 1 desolate, presenting pp objects of at- 
 I traction, and chiefly travelled by those 
 on business. Previous to 1840, there 
 were neither post-horses to be ob- 
 tained, nor a house worth designating 
 an inn, the whole of such accommoda- 
 tions being literally hovels, as repulsive 
 as the potheen and other refreshments 
 j were disagreeable, between Strokes- 
 town and Ballina, a distance of near- 
 I ly fifty miles. But the opening of a 
 j new road, and the running of a suffi- 
 cient mail coach, have made this 
 dreary and remote district more ac- 
 cessible. 
 
 The town of Ballina is very plea- 
 santly situated on the river Moy, a 
 little above its debouch into Killala 
 67 
 
 Bay. The river, which is navigable 
 to within a mile of the town, runs 
 through it, and here separates the 
 counties of Mayo and Sligo,— that part 
 on the Sligo or right side of the river 
 being designated Ardnaree, but ge- 
 nerally included under Ballina. A 
 bridge of sixteen arches connects the 
 town with its village suburb. This 
 bridge is a very fine old structure, 
 and the river which flows under it is 
 broad and spacious. Above the 
 bridge are considerable rapids, and 
 a valuable and extensive salmon-fish- 
 ery, said to yield a yearly rental of 
 L.1000. Vessels of 200 tons can come j 
 up to the quay within a mile of the 
 town, but the navigation, which is 
 very defective, might be rendered 
 important. “ Ballina,” says Mr . 
 Inglis, “ is rather larger, and a better 
 looking town than Castlebar. It has 
 one excellent street, the greater part 
 of which is nearly new, containing 
 many good houses, and shops which 
 would be creditable to any town.” 
 
 It may be stated in general, that the 
 streets are greatly improved — that 
 the town contains a venerable parish 
 church, a splendid Roman Catholic 
 chapel, several good inns, breweries, 
 tanneries, saltworks, flour-mills, and 
 other works, and had for some time 
 a weekly newspaper. The town is a 
 great resort of anglers during sum- 
 mer, who are drawn to it by the ex- 
 cellent fishing in the Moy, the pro- 
 prietors of which are remarkably li- 
 beral in their permission; and also 
 from its vicinity to the fine lake 
 ot Lough Conn. The place is also 
 on the line of the principal road 
 to the wild district of Erris, and is 
 a considerable thoroughfare. The 
 trade of Ballina has greatly increased ; 
 and some business is still done in 
 coarse linens. For the purposes of 
 commerce, Branches of the Provincial 
 Bank of Ireland, and of the National 
 Bank of Ireland, are established in 
 the town. Previous to 1833, its ex- 
 ports for several years, chiefly of 
 grain, w*ere at least 10,000 tons ; dur- 
 ing that year it decreased in conse- 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 quence of the bankruptcy of a house 
 in the trade; but it increased about 
 1000 tons in 1834; in 1835 the exports 
 were in value, L. 70, 568; the imports, 
 L. 13,532. The exports are chiefly 
 
 corn, meal, provisions, hides, feathers, 
 and some kelp. Formerly vessels 
 reached the quay by the Killala Bar ; 
 but they can now sail directly up. The 
 retail trade is also considerable, but, 
 according to Mr Inglis, “is sadly 
 crippled by absenteeism, and by the 
 embarrassed circumstances of the 
 squires and squireens.” — “I found 
 the condition of the poor in Ballina 
 bad, and I regretted to learn that 
 their numbers are greatly owing to 
 the harshness of the neighbouring 
 landlords, who charge rack-rents, and 
 4 drive ’ for their rent. — I found many 
 who could live but on the verge of 
 starvation, and many who admitted 
 they were in arrear, and never could 
 pay their arrears. In the course of 
 one of my excursions into the neigh- 
 bouring country, I found a farmer 
 holding 21 acres at L.l, 5s. per acre, 
 and about one-fourth of this was 
 marsh and bog ; the rest was capable 
 of growing oats. Now, let U3 consi- 
 der what is likely to be the profit on 
 an acre of oats, for which the farmer 
 pays 25s. — I have scarcely any where 
 in Ireland seen more proofs of a pau- 
 per population than in Ballina. I 
 counted no fewer than 27 beggars 
 round a coach which was about to 
 start for Castlebar.” The roads to 
 and from Ballina in all directions are 
 good, and the appearance of the town 
 greatly improves as it is approached. 
 The beautiful and extensive planta- 
 tions of Belleek Manor, a fine man- 
 sion in the Elizabethan style, crown 
 the left bank of the Moy ; Belleek 
 Castle is on a slight eminence over- 
 hanging the river ; the little tributary 
 called the Bunree enters the Moy in 
 the vicinity; the bridges over the 
 river, and the lofty Nephin, one of 
 the highest of the Mayo mountains, 
 hll tend to enliven this pretty town, 
 which only requires a little more ca- 
 pital and enterprise to make it bust- 
 68 
 
 ling and prosperous. In the vicinity 
 are Lough Conn already mentioned ; 
 the Pontoon Bridge, six miles distant 
 from Ballina, on the mail road to 
 Castlebar, and at this bridge is a small 
 but comfortable inn erected by the 
 Earl of Lucan on the romantic neck 
 of land which separates Lough Conn 
 and Lough Cullen. Three miles be- 
 low Ballina are the ruins of Connor 
 Castle on the Moy, and opposite, in a 
 most romantic dell, are the stately 
 and extensive remains of Roserk Ab- 
 bey. The French under General 
 Humbert were in possession of Bal- 
 lina in 1798. This division, consist- 
 ing of about 1000 men, sailed from 
 Rochelle, and on the 22d of August 
 landed in Killala Bay. After gaining 
 a victory at Castlebar, the French 
 were met by the Earl of Cornwallis, 
 the Viceroy, in person, with a much 
 superior force, and entirely defeated 
 and taken prisoners. Population in 
 1831, 5510. 
 
 BALLINA, a village in the parish 
 of Templekelly, Tipperary, connected 
 with the old episcopal city of Boll aloe 
 by a bridge of 19 arches over the 
 Shannon. See Killaloe. 
 
 BALLINABOY, a parish and rec- 
 tory partly in the Barony of Kinnalea, 
 partly in the Barony of Kerricurrihy, 
 and partly in the county of the city of 
 Cork, county and Diocese of Cork. 
 The district lies on the river Awnbeg. 
 Population in 1831, 2887. See Ban- 
 don. 
 
 BALLINACALA, a parish partly 
 in the Barony of Ross, county of Gal- 
 way, and in the Barony of Kilmain, 
 county of Mayo, and annexed Diocese 
 of Clonfert. Population in 1831, 2680. 
 
 BALLINACALLY, a village in the 
 parish of Kirkchrist, county of Clare, 
 near the river Fergus, on the banks 
 of which is a small quay, useful for 
 facilitating agricultural and dairy 
 produce. The ruined castle or tower 
 of Dangan is in the neighbourhood. 
 
 BALLINACARGY, a small thriv- 
 ing town in the county of Westmeath, 
 7£ miles from Mullingar, five from 
 Colehill, and 51£ from Dhblin. It is 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAL 
 
 situated on the Royal Canal, in the 
 midst of a fertile and improving dis- 
 trict, not far from the western shores 
 of the lake called Lough Owhel; and 
 is surrounded by some elegant man- 
 sions and villas, among which are 
 Portlemon, the seat of Lord De Blac- 
 quiere; Sonna, a fine old residence; 
 Tristernagh, on the banks of the small 
 Lough Ivon (Piers, Bart.); Barons- 
 town, the elegant residence of the late 
 Baron Sunderlin; and Castle Wil- 
 der. A little beyond Ballinacargy the 
 soil is of a deep peaty substance, and 
 is traversed by the Inny, a sluggish 
 stream on the borders of the county of 
 Longford. 
 
 BALLINACARGY, a small village 
 in the united parishes of Drong and 
 Laragh, six miles from the post-town 
 of Cootehill. 
 
 BALLINACARRIG, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony and county of 
 Carlow', and Diocese of Leighlin, on 
 the river Burren. It belongs to the 
 Union of Balycrogue and Staplestown, 
 at which latter place is the parish 
 church. The town of Carlow is 
 about two miles distant. Population 
 in 1831, 615. 
 
 BALLINACLASH, a hamlet and 
 townland in the Barony of Ballinacor, 
 county of Wicklow, about four miles 
 from Rathdrum. It is situated on 
 the banks of the Avonbeg branch of 
 the Avoca, on the road connecting 
 the valleys of the Avoca and Glenma- 
 lure. In the vicinity are the splen- 
 did demesnes of Ballyarthur, Castle 
 Howard, and Avondale. See Ard- 
 clinis and Arklow. 
 
 BALLTNACLOUGH, also called 
 Dollardstown , a parish, prebend, and 
 vicarage, partly in the Barony of 
 Clan william, and partly in the Barony 
 of Coonagh, county of Limerick, and 
 Diocese of Emly. It comprises 788 
 acres. Population, 211. Post-town, 
 Tipperary, eleven miles distant. 
 
 BALLINACLOUGH, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Upper Or- 
 mond, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe. Population, 1149. 
 
 BALLINACOR, a most extensive 
 69 
 
 Barony, being the central one, in the 
 county of Wicklow, said to comprise 
 97,847 acres, divided into nine pa- 
 rishes. The surface is very mountain- 
 ous, and the highest, called Lugna- 
 quilla, is considerably upwards of 3000 
 feet above the level of the sea. This 
 Barony exhibits the wildest and most 
 romantic scenery, and its deep and 
 wooded glens are distinguished in the 
 local traditions. The most noted of 
 these glens traversed by their streams 
 are Glendalogh, Glenmacanass, Glen- ! 
 malure, and Luggela. Rich mines of i 
 copper have been wrought in the 
 Cronebane mountains and adjacent 
 district; valuable lead mines atLuga- 
 nure, and also in the wild and exten- 
 sive defile of Glenmalure. The only 
 rivers are the Avoca, and its branch 
 streams the Avonmore, Avonbeg, and 
 Aughrim. The chief towns and vil- 
 lages of this Barony are Aughrim, 
 Rathdrum, Annamoe, and Carysfort ; 
 Roundw'ood, and Tinachely. Flannel 
 of a very fine texture is said to be the 
 principal manufacture. The arable 
 farms are of various sizes, but most of 
 them are small ; the labouring popula 
 tion are not half employed, and their 
 condition, and that of the small far- 
 mers, most deplorable. The Barony 
 is divided by the military road from 
 north to south, and from east to west 
 by the modern road from the Seven 
 Churches to Holywood. Population 
 in 1831, 21,383. 
 
 BALLINACOR, a small viL rge in 
 the Barony of its name, two miles 
 south-west of Rathdrum, on the 
 Avonbeg. The mansion of Ballina- 
 cor is about two miles from DrumgofF 
 Barracks, a large building in the cen- 
 tre of Glenmalure, now occupied by 
 the workmen in the adjoining lead 
 mines of Ballinafinchogue. It is a 
 handsome Grecian villa, commanding 
 a fine prospect down the valley. A 
 little below it is the small hamlet of 
 Grenane. See Rathdrum. 
 
 B ALLINACO URTNEY, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Dun- 
 kellin, county of Galway, and Diocese 
 of Tuam. The town of Galway is 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 BAL 
 
 seven miles distant. Population in 
 1831, 3250. 
 
 BALLINACOURTY, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Corka- 
 guiney, county of Kerry, and Diocese 
 of Ardfert, ecclesiastically united 
 with six other parishes. It stretches 
 along the coast, and on the shore is 
 the mansion of Ballinacourty. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1684. Post-town, 
 Dingle. 
 
 BALLINACOURTY, or Wyses 
 Point, a low headland in the county 
 of Waterford, forming the north- 
 eastern entrance of Dungarvan Har- 
 bour. It affords shelter for vessels 
 of considerable size behind it even at 
 low water. 
 
 BALLINACOURTY BAY, a Bay 
 on the west coast of the county of 
 Galway, having good shelter, and up- 
 wards of nine feet water at ebb-tide. 
 A substantial pier was built by the 
 Fishery Board. 
 
 B ALLINACREAGH, a parish and 
 rectory in the east division of the 
 Barony of West Carbery, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Ross, near the 
 post-town of Skibbereen, at which is 
 the parish church. Population in 
 1831, 6044. 
 
 B ALLIN ACL T RRY, a village in the 
 parish of Middleton, county of Cork, 
 upwards of a mile from Middleton, 
 on the river of its name. Several ex- 
 cellent quays are constructed, and 
 there are grain stores and malt- 
 houses. See Middleton. 
 
 B ALLIN ADEE, a parish and vil- 
 lage in the Barony of Carbery, on the 
 river Bandon, county and Diocese of 
 Cork. The benefice is connected 
 with the treasurership of the Diocese 
 of Cork, and consists of the rectories 
 of Kilbogan, Rathdowtan, and the 
 united rectories of Macloneigh and 
 Ballinadee. In the village is a cha- 
 rity school for boys and girls. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2800. Post-town, Ban- 
 don- Bridge. 
 
 B ALLIN AF AD, a village in Aug- 
 hanagh parish, Sligo, on Lough Ar- 
 row, four miles from Boyle, at the 
 base of the Curlew Hills. In the vici- 
 
 nity is a castle, now in ruins, erected 
 by the M‘Donoughs, and destroyed in 
 the seventeenth century. 
 
 BALLINAFAD, a small village in 
 the parish of Clonfinlough, Roscom- 
 mon. 
 
 B ALLIN AGAR, a village in the 
 parish of Geashill, Ring’s County, 
 two miles from Philipstown. 
 
 BALLINAGH, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kilmore, near the town of 
 Cavan. It has a fair on the Thursday 
 before Easter, and other fairs in June, 
 August, October, and December. Po- 
 pulation, 900. 
 
 BALLINAGLISH, a parish and 
 vicarage lying along Tralee Bay, in 
 the Barony of Trucahnacmy, county 
 of Kerry, and annexed Diocese of 
 Ardfert, about seven miles from the 
 town of Tralee. Population in 1831, 
 2199. 
 
 BALLINAGLISH, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Tyrawley, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala, situated on the river Moy. The 
 district is wild and dreary, upwards 
 of three miles from the town of Bal- 
 lina. There are several schools sup- 
 ported by Societies. Population in 
 1831, 4162. 
 
 B ALLIN AGULLOCH, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Bargy, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. See Taghmon. 
 
 BALLINAHATTY, a village in 
 the county of Donegal, in which is a 
 Presbyterian meeting house. 
 
 BALLINAHINCH. See Bally- 
 
 NAHINCH. 
 
 B ALLIN A KILL, a small town 52 
 miles from Dublin, and three from 
 Abbeyleix, in the parish of Dysart- 
 Gallen, on the verge of Queen’s 
 County, and on a tributary stream of 
 the Nore. In this town, once a bo- 
 rough, was formerly carried on a con- 
 siderable manufacture of woollen 
 cloth, which is now greatly reduced; 
 but its weekly markets are tolerably 
 well attended, and several fairs are 
 held, at which a good deal of business 
 is often done. The town stands in 
 the midst of a fertile plain, and the 
 
BAIi OF IRELAND. BAL ) 
 
 tall spire of the parish church forms 
 a conspicuous object in all directions. 
 There is a large Roman Catholic cha- 
 pel. The Castle of Ballinakill was be- 
 sieged, and taken after a spirited re- 
 sistance by Cromwell’s troops, who 
 reduced it to ruins. Another castle 
 was erected by the Dunn family about 
 1680, but it is said that it was never 
 inhabited. In the neighbourhood 
 are the old church and castle of Ros- 
 connel, and adjoining the town is the 
 beautiful demesne of Heywood, the 
 grounds of which are kept with great 
 taste. Population in 1831, 1927. 
 
 BALLINAKILL, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Coolestown, 
 King’s County, and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare, united with Clonsart, but the 
 parish church is at Clonbullock. The 
 parish includes about 2000 acres. Po- 
 pulation, 892. Post-town, Edenderry, 
 four miles distant. 
 
 BALLINAKILL, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Gualtier, 
 county and Diocese of Waterford, on 
 the river Suir. On an island formed 
 by the river is a charity school found- 
 ed by a recent Bishop of Waterford, 
 at which 76 boys are educated. Po- 
 pulation, 716. 
 
 BALLINAKILL, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the half Barony of Ballvmoe, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Elphin. Population, 3197. See Bal- 
 lymoe. 
 
 BALLINAKILL, a parish in the 
 county of Galway, called also Aghiart. 
 See Aghiart. 
 
 BALLINAKILL, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Ballynahinch, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Tuam, lying on the coast along Balli- 
 nakill Bay, in which the islands of 
 Crump, Innisbruin, Bradelan, and 
 Freachillan, all belong to the parish. 
 Most of this district of Galway is 
 moor, but capable of great improve- 
 ment, and the new roads formed at 
 the expense of Government are caus- 
 ing the rise of cabin and other vil- 
 lages along the coast. Population, 
 7153. 
 
 BALLINAKILL, aparish, rectory, 
 71 
 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lei- 
 trim, county of Galway, and annexed 
 Diocese of Clonfert. Population, 
 13,103. See Gort andWooDFORD. 
 
 BALLINAKILL, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Tiraghrill, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of El- 
 phin, near the town of Colooney. 
 Population, 1767. 
 
 BALLINAKILL BAY, on the 
 west coast of Galway, in the Barony 
 of Ballynahinch, is an excellent har- 
 bour, and is a herring and salmon- 
 fishery station. The pier was erected 
 by the Fishery Board, and adjoining 
 is a commodious store -house. The 
 entrance to this Bay is between Cleg- 
 gan Tower on the south, and Renvile 
 Hill on the north. The shore abounds 
 with limestone on the Cleggan side, 
 where it is well cultivated. 
 
 B ALLIN AKILLY, a small village 
 in the parish of Castletown-Roche, 
 county of Cork. It has several fairs. 
 
 BALLINALACIv, or Balnalock, 
 a village in the parish of Leany, coun- 
 ty of Westmeath, seveD miles from 
 Mullingar, on the banks of the Inny, 
 about midway between Loughs Iron 
 and Dereveragh, the former of which 
 is a mile west, and the latter two miles 
 east. The shores of Lough Iron, 
 which is about two miles in length 
 and three-fourths of a mile in breadth, 
 are for the most part flat and boggy, 
 but varied by the plantations of Ba- 
 ronstown, in which rises the fine 
 Grecian mansion so called, once the 
 seat of the late Baron Sunderlin. 
 Lough Dereveragh is probably five 
 miles in length, and of variable width, 
 its upper part romantic, especially 
 round the base of Knock- Ion, the 
 most striking ofthe Westmeath Hills; 
 but the lower part is dreary, and the 
 shores flat and swampy. In the vi- 
 cinity of the village is Wilson’s Hos- 
 pital, founded by a gentleman of that 
 name, who bequeathed his estates, 
 amounting to nearly L.4000 per an- 
 num, for the education and appren- 
 ticeship of Protestant orphan boys, 
 and also for the support of a limited 
 number of indigent old men. The 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 Trustees are the Archbishops of Ar- 
 magh and Dublin, and the Bishops of 
 Kildare, Tuam, and Kilmore. This 
 Hospital is a large building on an ele- 
 vated situation, and is a prominent 
 obj ect in this bleak district. The vil- 
 lage of Ballinalack has several fairs. 
 
 BALLINALEAGH, or Ballina- 
 lagh, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Claine, county of Kildare, 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin, in the 
 neighbourhood of Naas. Population, 
 509. See Naas. 
 
 B ALLIN ALEE, a village near the 
 base of Cairne Hill, in the county of 
 Longford, about six miles from Edge- 
 worthstown, on the road to the town 
 of Longford, near which is the man- 
 sion of Lissard. This demesne now 
 includes Firmount, the residence of 
 the Abbe Edgeworth, who attended 
 Louis XVI. as confessor on the scaf- 
 fold, when that unfortunate monarch 
 was murdered by the French Repub- 
 licans. A part of the Abbe’s house 
 and the chapel still remain. In the 
 neighbourhood are the residences of 
 Whitehill and Kilshruly. 
 
 B ALLIN AM ALLARD, a village 
 which has several annual fairs in the 
 parish of Magheracross, county of 
 Fermanagh, on the road from Ennis - 
 killen to Drumquin. In the neigh- 
 bourhood is a number of villas. 
 
 B ALLINAMARA, a parish united 
 with the rectory of Clashacrow, in 
 the Barony of Cranagh, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, con- 
 taining 3755 acres. 
 
 B ALLIN AMUCK, a small village 
 in the parish of Killow, county of 
 Longford. 
 
 B ALLIN AMULTENA, a village 
 in the parish of Seskinan, county of 
 Waterford, in the vicinity of which 
 is a valuable slate quarry. 
 
 BALLINANAGH, a small town in 
 the parish of Kilmore, and county of 
 Cavan, about a mile and a half from 
 the village of Crossdoney, and nine 
 miles from Mount Nugent, on the 
 road to Killeshandra. The surround- 
 ing district is beautifully varied by 
 wood and water, mansions and villas. 
 72 
 
 BALLINARD, or Cahirfossorge, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Small County, county of Limerick, 
 and Diocese of Emly, comprising 1366 
 acres, and including the village of 
 Herbertstown. Population in 1831, 
 867. Post-town, Pallas-Green. 
 
 BALLINASAGGART, or Erri- 
 gal-Keerogue, or Kieran, a parish, 
 rectory, and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Clogher, county of Tyrone, and 
 Archdiocese of Armagh. The dis- 
 trict comprises nearly 21,140 acres, of 
 which the great part is arable, and the 
 rest mountain pasturage. It is said 
 that the parish church occupies the 
 site of a monastery, and an ancient 
 round tower once stood here, which 
 has entirely disappeared. Population, 
 9782. Post-town, Clogher. See Bal- 
 
 LYGAWLEY. 
 
 BALLINA SKELLIGS, a village in 
 the parish of Dromod, west coast of 
 the county of Kerry, on Ballinskel- 
 ligs Bay— a bay between Hog’s Head 
 east, and Bolus Head west, the an- 
 chorage in which is uncertain in 
 stormy weather, and the shores bold 
 and rocky. Near the village are the 
 ruins of an Augustinian monastery, 
 said to have been founded as early as 
 the sixth century, and dedicated to 
 the Archangel Michael, whose holy 
 well near it was long, and probably 
 still is, visited by superstitious pil- 
 grims on a particular day in Septem- 
 ber. The principal Skelligs island 
 was in former times a kind of head- 
 quarters of monks, who certainly did 
 not exhibit their usual tact in the se- 
 lection of local residence in this in- 
 stance . On the Skelligs Rocks are two 
 Lighthouses. See Ballinskelligs. 
 
 B ALLIN ASLOE, a town partly in 
 the parish of Kil^loony, county of 
 Galway, and partly in the parish of 
 Creagh, county of Roscommon, on 
 both sides of the river Suck, and also 
 on islands formed by the river con- 
 nected by bridges, about six miles 
 above its junction with the Shannon, 
 72i miles from Dublin, by Leixlip, 
 Clonard, Tyrell’s-Pass, and Moate; 
 three miles from Aughrim, and 12£ 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAL 
 
 miles from Athlone. The author of 
 “ Wild Sports of the West” sarcasti- 
 cally observes of Ballinasloe, that “it 
 is much frequented by saints and 
 cattle-dealers— carries on a smart 
 trade in sheep and proselytes— and 
 Bibles and bullocks are ‘thick as 
 leaves in Vallambrosa.’ The cabins, 
 moreover, are white-washed, pigs and 
 popery are prohibited, and travellers 
 way-faring on the seventh day are de- 
 nounced, and, under perilous amerce- 
 ments, enjoined to take their ease in 
 their respective inns.” This, how- 
 ever, must be held as a mere bur- 
 lesque. The town has been greatly 
 indebted to the Earl of Clancarty, 
 whose mansion of Garbally is adjoin- 
 ing — a large plain modern building, 
 with an internal quadrangle, situated 
 within the park, extensively planted. 
 Ballinasloe is neatly built, clean, and 
 orderly, having good inns, and excel- 
 lent accommodation for travellers, 
 who can here procure either public 
 or hired conveyances in all directions. 
 Mr Inglis describes it as a “ remark- 
 ably neat, clean-looking town, and one 
 perceives at a glance that it is not 
 left to chance— that there is a foster- 
 ing hand over it — that some one who 
 is able to serve it feels an interest in 
 it — in short, that there is a resident 
 and public spirited proprietor. Lord 
 Clancarty is the owner of Ballinasloe, 
 and every kind of improvement finds 
 encouragement at his hands. No 
 stimulus to improvement is more 
 effectual than the practice of Lord 
 Clancarty, in granting leases for ever 
 on condition of good houses being 
 built. — I was pleased with Ballinasloe 
 and its neighbourhood. The streets 
 are wide and clean, and the houses 
 respectable. The green where the 
 fair is held is in the outskirts of the 
 town, and both in situation and ex- 
 tent is well adapted to its purpose.” 
 This was written in 1834, and the 
 town has since considerably impr oved. 
 
 “ The passage across the Suck at 
 Ballinasloe,” says Mr Weld, “is re- 
 markable for the succession of bridges 
 and causeways, the whole distance 
 73 
 
 from the right to the left bank of the 
 river along it being upwards of 500 
 yards. In all there are 16 arches, 
 but of very different dimensions, 
 placed at irregular intervals, and se- 
 veral of them stand singly. The 
 principal water-way lies under four 
 arches, the two largest of which are 
 about 16 feet in span, the others 14 
 and 12 feet. On the Galway side the 
 arches are very small. This passage 
 across the Suck at Ballinasloe is evi- 
 dently a very old one, for the castle, 
 which in the reign of Elizabeth was 
 one of the strongholds of Connaught, 
 stands just at the beginning of it on 
 the Roscommon side. — The walls of 
 this castle, as now seen, probably con- 
 stituted merely the outer defences 
 of an inclosure, within which the 
 keep was situated. They form a 
 square of about 90 yards, with round 
 towers at the angles; and the fosse 
 on the land side still affords a channel 
 for the water, which flows in from 
 the river, and is constantly running. 
 A neat house of moderate size, facing 
 the road, is constructed on the line 
 of the walls of that side, the offices 
 and gardens of which lie within the 
 ancient inclosure. The place goes 
 by the name of Ivy Castle. A bridge 
 across the fosse, with two small arches, 
 affords a pretty subject for the pencil ; 
 and the old walls and towers, extend- 
 ing along the river side, covered at 
 top with ivy, and at their base nearly 
 washed by the clear eddying current ; 
 but the height of the walls and towers 
 is inconsiderable.” 
 
 The author of a “ Tour in Con- 
 naught,” published in 1839, thus no- 
 tices the town: — “Ballinasloe is a 
 good town, and wonderfully improved 
 since I saw it first twelve years ago. 
 It stands upon the Suck, which is very 
 like its elder brother the Shannon, 
 the same slow, dark-flowing stream, 
 gliding like a black snake through 
 callows, moors, and red bogs. Was it 
 not very poetical in a Roscommon bard 
 to call the punch- drinking squires 
 dwelling on the banks of this sedgy 
 stream the sons of Suck ? There is a 
 
 G 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 canal navigation to Ballinasloe, and 
 as it terminates here, it is of ad van- 
 tage to the place. I believe in every 
 instance a canal in Ireland has been 
 found to be of little good to any place 
 except where it terminates. Ballina- 
 sloe is certainly the most improved 
 town I have seen in the province. 
 It bespeaks the attention of an intel- 
 ligent and assiduous proprietor — it 
 belongs to Lord Clancarty, the head 
 j of the Trench Family, who are, I may 
 say, a race, and that a numerous 
 j one, of improvers. I never passed 
 j through any part of Ireland, where I 
 | found one of the name located, that I 
 ' did not see their demesnes well or- 
 ! dered, their farming well managed, 
 and a benevolent and prudent atten- 
 tion paid to the education, the com- 
 forts, and, as far as they were allowed, 
 the religious instruction of the lower 
 classes.” 
 
 The principal public buildings of 
 Ballinasloe are the parish church, an 
 elegant structure, having an octan- 
 gular spire springing from scrolls; 
 the Military Barracks; the Galway 
 Lunatic Asylum, situated on the Ros- 
 common side, opened in 1833, and 
 containing accommodation for 150 
 patients; and the Roman Catholic 
 chapel. There are several public 
 schools, two of which are supported 
 by subscription, two breweries, and 
 some minor works. The Canal, which 
 makes a communication between the 
 town and the Shannon, was opened 
 for the purposes of commerce in 1828. 
 It is 16 miles in length, and drains 
 nearly 12,000 acres of bog. The Grand 
 Canal also, from Portobello station, 
 Dublin, by which many persons tra- 
 vel, extends to Ballinasloe, a distance 
 of 74 miles. The lowering of the 
 water of the Suck, in connection with 
 the improvements of the Shannon, 
 will contribute greatly to benefit the 
 1 extensive tracts of low rich land in 
 i this neighbourhood. The Commis- 
 sioners, in their Report, recommend- 
 ed an alteration of the roads from 
 Ballinasloe and Roscommon to Ath- 
 j lone. 
 
 Ballinasloe is noted for its great 
 wool fair, held annually on the 13th 
 of July, established in 1757 by Mr 
 Trench, ancestor of the Earl of Clan- 
 carty. As the town is conveniently 
 situated in the centre of the wool 
 country, the efforts of Mr Trench 
 and his successors have caused it to 
 be a place of greater resort and more 
 extensive business than Mullingar. 
 For several years the bags of wool 
 brought to the Ballinasloe market, 
 each weighing eight cwt., amounted 
 to from 1400 to 1800, but it is said that 
 from four to five times this quantity 
 are sold without being brought to the 
 fair. In 1835 the grain sold was 780 
 tons of wheat, 48 tons of barley, and 
 2502 tons of oats ; total for ten preced- 
 ing years, 6435 tons of wheat, 2756 tons 
 of barley, and 21,226 tons of oats. 
 
 But Ballinasloe is principally cele- 
 brated for its great cattle market, the 
 most important in Ireland, which 
 commences on the 5th, and ends on 
 the 9th of October. At the begin- 
 ning of the 19th century, the num- 
 ber of oxen annually sold was cal- 
 culated to be about 10,000 ; of sheep, 
 100,000; subsequently it is said that 
 20,000 head of black cattle, and 90,000 
 sheep, were sold; and the average 
 estimated value of cattle brought 
 annually to sale is said to be L. 400, 000. 
 The cattle tolls bring L.400 per an- 
 num. The business done, however, 
 and the number of cattle and sheep 
 brought annually to this great fair, 
 vary considerably. Horses and other 
 animals are sold, while dealers in nu- 
 merous commodities, and tradesmer 
 from Dublin, appear with their miscel- 
 laneous productions — good, bad, and 
 indifferent ; and shops and warehouses 
 are ceded to them for the occasion, 
 and enormous charges made for the 
 accommodation. The same extor- 
 tions are exacted for lodgings, both 
 in private houses and inns, and half- 
 a-guinea is often modestly demanded 
 for a night’s quarters in a miserable 
 bedroom. 
 
 In 1821, the population of Ballina- 
 sloe was only 1811, and it had in- 
 
 74 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAL 
 
 creased almost threefold in 1831. The 
 town is the site of the 'Workhouse, 
 according to the Irish Poor Law Act, 
 and the Board of Guardians of the 
 Union superintend the Dispensary 
 districts, for vaccination, of Ballina- 
 sloe, Aughrim, Killyan, Killane, Eyre- 
 court, Ballygar, and Ahascragh. In 
 1841 the Branch Banks were those of 
 the Bank of Ireland and of the Na- 
 tional Bank of Ireland. In the 
 vicinity, besides the Earl of Clan- 
 carty’s seat of Garbally, are the man- 
 sions or villas of Fort william, Lan- 
 caster Park, Suckville, Ardcarn, and 
 Mount Equity, on the banks of the 
 Suck ; a little to the west is Kellys- 
 grove, and on the Athlone road 
 Birchfield and Tulleigh. Mr Inglis 
 mentions a circumstance strikingly 
 descriptive of almost every Irish 
 town : — “I found great want of em- 
 ployment at Ballinasloe; eightpence 
 without diet was the highest rate of 
 wages; and many laboured for six- 
 pence, but even at this low rate full 
 employment was not to be had. A 
 gentleman, with whom I was acci- 
 dentally in company, offered to pro- 
 cure, on an hour’s warning, a couple 
 of hundred labourers at fourpence , 
 even for temporary employment.” 
 The road between Athlone and 
 Ballinasloe is uninteresting ; the 
 country is flat, and generally bare of 
 timber. “ There are,” says the author 
 of a “ Tour in Connaught” already 
 quoted, “a few gentlemen’s places 
 between Athlone and Ballinasloe, but 
 they are not large or beautiful. One 
 or two seemed to belong to that race 
 now rapidly wearing out in Ireland, 
 the Middlemen , who, let people say 
 J what they will, were in their time 
 useful, and without them, bad as Ire- 
 land is, it would be much worse. 
 They became the stock farmers of the 
 country, and introduced the fine breed 
 of long-woolled sheep, which is now 
 the ornament of our Western pasture 
 lands. The fact is, with regard to 
 the Middlemen, we are too apt to ar- 
 gue against the use from the abuse. 
 The respectable, careful, well edu- 
 75 
 
 cated Middlemen, in process of time, 
 rose above their condition; they 
 became to all intents the resident 
 landlords ; they formed a sort of in- 1 
 termediate proprietary between the 
 owners of the large and unwieldy 
 grants from the Crown, and the peo- 
 ple incapacitated by the penal laws; 
 they increased and improved their 1 
 buildings ; they generally farmed their 
 own lands; they restricted the un- 
 der tenants from subletting; they 
 discouraged rack-rent tillage, and are 
 now the principal stock farmers who 
 supply Ballinasloe fair with the sheep 
 and black cattle that are so much in 
 demand.” Mr Inglis, however, takes 
 a very different view of the matter. 
 
 “ Amongst the many opinions,” he 
 says, “ which I heard in Ireland con- 
 nected with the condition of the 
 country, I heard one expressed in 
 Ballinasloe, which had at all events 
 the merit of novelty. It was, that all 
 the evils of Ireland were owing to the ! 
 system, now gaining ground among 
 landlords, of getting rid of Middle- 
 men. That respectable Middlemen, 
 who are in fact resident yeomen, are 
 useful in a neighbourhood, cannot be 
 doubted, but I feel myself well en- 
 titled to asert, that it was a happy 
 hour for Ireland when landlords first 
 began to perceive that their own in- 
 terests were concerned in ridding : 
 their estates of Middlemen. John, , 
 who holds a hundred acres under my 1 
 lord, may be a mast respectable man ; 
 and if he sublet his land to James, [ 
 Andrew, and Thomas, without giving ! 
 them the power to sublet farther, he | 
 would be a useful resident yeoman. 
 But then there is no end to the sys- 
 tem, when a landholder lets the pro- 
 perty slip out of his own hands. 
 James, Andrew, and Thomas, also 
 aspire to be Middlemen, and each lets 
 his thirty acres out, in three or moi e 
 portions of ten acres, at a greatly 
 higher rent than they pay to John. 
 Their tenants, again, find that, owing 
 to the competition for land, more can 
 be got by letting their ten acres in half 
 dozen portions, than by tilling their 
 
own acres ; and thus the estate of one 
 hundred acres is held by no fewer 
 than fifty-four occupying tenants un- 
 der thirteen Middlemen, in four dis- 
 tinct classes, each of which must live 
 out of the excess of rent paid by those 
 under them, beyond what they pay to 
 those immediately above them, while 
 the real produce of the land is insuffi- 
 cient to maintain the tillers of it.” 
 Although the author of the “ Tour in 
 Connaught” is favourable to the Mid- 
 dlemen, it is evident that their own 
 conduct has been the cause of the op- 
 position to them according to his own 
 description : — u It is only the hunt- 
 ing, racing, duelling, punch- drinking, 
 carousing squireen Middleman that 
 has been and is a nuisance in the 
 land — who takes ground on specula- 
 tion to sublet it — who gambles on 
 land as he does on the cards — who 
 plays, as I may say, spoil acres as he 
 does spoil five — who, because he is a 
 | spendthrift, must he a tyrant, and as 
 ; he knows nothing of economy, cares 
 i not a fig for the political economy of 
 i his country : — such Middlemen, and 
 I they are still too numerous, having 
 long leases, and w r ho still cling to the 
 ; determination of extracting all they 
 can out of the soil, no matter in what 
 way, are the curse of the country. I 
 i passed by a demesne, and such a 
 demesne ! It was owned, I may sup- 
 pose, by one of these transition 
 gentry — an improvement , as I should 
 guess, of about thirty years' standing , 
 begun in the War time, when the de- 
 mand for Irish corn increased won- 
 derfully the incomes of Middlemen, 
 and booted many who heretofore 
 wore brogues. And so here was 
 built a thin tall canister of a house, 
 with its multitude of little windows 
 and its great gaunt gables, and then 
 its plantations — little clumps of un- 
 sightly firs, dotted here and there 
 over the light limestone pasture, 
 where they grew so thick, so spare, 
 and so unsightly. Then the belt all 
 around the low walled demesne ; — 
 you could see the sky and the distant 
 hogs through it; and now the wall 
 76 
 
 being here and there thrown down, 
 you might observe pigs rooting, and 
 mangy sheep rubbing against the 
 stunted timber, and leaving their loose 
 wool on every ragged sloe bush; and 
 there were a gateway and lodge, but 
 the gate of it was gone ; a sprawling 
 root of bog timber supplied its place ; 
 the lodge was nearly roofless; the 
 avenue grass-grown and thistle - 
 grown. We were near enough the 
 mansion to see that rags and old hats 
 served for stuffing the broken panes ; 
 that the offices were partly ruinous ; 
 and that here and there straw sup- 
 plied the vacancy where slates once 
 had been. This was a true specimen 
 of a broken-down Middl’eman’s hall.” 
 Population of Ballinasloe in 1831, 4615. 
 
 BALLINASTOW, a locality on the 
 route from Dublin by Enniskerry and 
 Roundwood to the Seven Churches of 
 Glendalough, at the cross roads of 
 which is the inn built by Major Beres- 
 ford, and conveniently situated for 
 tourists visiting the Devil's Glen , the 
 Glen of the Downs , and other objects 
 of interest in a dreary tract of par- 
 tially reclaimed table land, upwards 
 of 600 feet above the level of the sea. 
 Near the inn is the small and solitary 
 parish church of Callary. 
 
 B ALLIN A VALLEY. See Bal- 
 
 LEN VALLEY. 
 
 B ALLIN A VAR, a village in the 
 parish of Iiosscarberry, county of 
 Cork, which has an annual fair on the 
 4th of September. 
 
 B ALLIN AVOREEN, a village in 
 the parishes of Ardagh and Drum- 
 condra, county of Meath. It has a 
 Roman Catholic chapel. 
 
 BALLINCALLA, a parish and 
 rectory partly in the Barony of Kil- 
 maine, county of Mayo, and partly in 
 the Barony of Ross, county of Gal- 
 way, and Diocese of Tuam, situated 
 on Lough Neagh. Population in 1831, 
 3013. Post-town, Ballinrobe, about 
 six miles distant. 
 
 BALLINCLARE, a small village 
 in the parish and near the town of 
 Dingle, county of Kerry. It has fairs 
 on the 1st of May and 4th of October. 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 BALLINCOLLIG, a village and 
 post-town about five miles from Cork, 
 containing the parish church, erected 
 in 1814; a Roman Catholic chapel, 
 which is a very plain unadorned edi- 
 fice ; and two Barracks, one for mili- 
 tary, and the other for police. It is a 
 neat little place on the river Bride, 
 which falls into the Lee about a mile 
 distant, and maybe considered as part 
 of the environs of Cork, the interven- 
 ing country thus far being agreeably 
 varied, well cultivated, and adorned 
 with numerous villas and good farm- 
 houses. On the low grounds aborn- 
 ing the village is the very extensive 
 gunpowder manufactory, formerly 
 wrought by Government, but in 1841 
 by the Royal Mills Gunpowder Com- 
 pany. This establishment causes a 
 circulation in weekly wages of L.200. 
 These mills were blown up with a 
 tremendous explosion in 1802, when 
 the property of Government. About 
 a mile south-west of the village is 
 the Castle of Ballincollig, one of the 
 strongholds of the Barrett family, said 
 to have been erected in the reign of 
 Edward III. It was taken in 1642, 
 and in the war of the Revolution it 
 was garrisoned for James II. “ This 
 building,” says Mr Windele, in his 
 ( “Historical and Descriptive Notices 
 of the City of Cork and its Vicinity,” 
 published in 1839, “ forms an irregular 
 quadrangle ; it is based on an isolated 
 limestone rock, which rises to no very 
 considerable height, in the midst of a 
 gently undulating plain, and consists 
 of a large fortified bawn or inclosure, 
 and a slender keep or tower, of about 
 40 feet in height. The latter stands at 
 the east side of the bawn, and is vault- 
 ed inside. The chambers are of un- 
 commonly small dimensions, measur- 
 ing in length five feet, and breadth 
 four feet, each occupying the entire 
 internal space. The ascent is by a 
 narrow and difficult stone staircase, 
 which, as it approaches the upper 
 apartment, becomes spiral and more 
 inconvenient. Of the inclosing walls 
 of the bawn, that to the south was 
 defended by a tower in the centre, 
 77 
 
 and another at the south-east angle ; 
 the latter being vaulted, and lit by 
 loops. A portion of the north wall 
 is perforated by a range of four win- 
 dows, of irregular dimensions; two 
 are double-headed lancets, one a sin- 
 gle lancet, and a fourth an oblong 
 loop. The buildings which these lit 
 have disappeared. In the area or 
 bawn the cattle of the chief, as well as 
 of the more neighbouring serfs, were 
 kept in times of danger, when inva- 
 sion or a creagh or foray was threaten- 
 ed. Beneath the keep, a dark natural 
 cave runs some distance into the solid 
 rock, and around the whole lay a 
 deep moat, part of which, much 
 choked up, remains at the west side 
 
 BALLINCUSLANE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Trughen- 
 ackmy, county of Kerry, and annexed 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on 
 the Blackwater river. It comprises 
 37,118 statute acres, the greater part 
 of which consists of mountain and 
 bog. The residences are Derreen 
 and Mount-Eagle. The Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel is at Cordel, near Ard- 
 nagragh, at which latter place the 
 Earl of Desmond, slain in 1583, was 
 interred. There arc several old 
 castles in ruins. Population in 1831, 
 4700. 
 
 BALLINDERRY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the half Barony of Massa- | 
 reene, county of Antrim, and Diocese i 
 of Connor. The village of Ballin- . 
 derry contains a Presbyterian meet- I 
 ing-house. To the left of the village, j 
 near the fiat shore of Lough Neagh, i 
 is Portmore lake, and close to it are 
 the ruins of Portmore Castle, in which 1 
 Bishop Jeremy Taylor found a refuge j 
 during the Protectorate. This pro- j 
 perty is part of the extensive estate 
 of the Marquis of Eeadfort. Popu- j 
 lation in 1831, 5356. 
 
 BALLINDERRY, a parish and j 
 rectory partly in the Barony of | 
 Loughinsholin, county of Londonder- - 
 ry, and partly in the Barony of Dun- 
 gannon, county of Tyrone, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh, comprising 8177 
 statute acres, and watered by a stream . 
 
| BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 j called Ballinderry, which falls into 
 j Lough Neagh. Population in 1831, 
 \ 3163. 
 
 BALLINDERRY, a village in the 
 1 parish of Rathdrum, county of Wick- 
 i low, about three miles from the post- 
 town of Rathdrum. It has several 
 1 annual fairs. 
 
 BALLINDINE, a ’village in the 
 i Barony of Clanmorris, county of 
 Mayo, about five miles from the town 
 ! of Claremorris, near Castlemacgarret, 
 the extensively wooded demesne of 
 Lord Oranmore, one of the most an- 
 cient seats of the Brownes of Mayo, 
 the head of a branch of whom, the 
 Right Hon. Dominick Browne, was 
 created Lord Oranmore and Browne 
 in the Peerage of Ireland in 1836. The 
 wood in this demesne is considered 
 the oldest in the county of Mayo. 
 
 BALLINDOON, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Bally nahinch, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Tuam, lying along the sea coast, in 
 the neighbourhood of the thriving 
 modern sea-port village of Clifden. 
 Population in 1831, 4943. See Bally- 
 
 NAH1NCH. 
 
 B ALLINDOWN, a village in the 
 county of Sligo, on the banks of Lough 
 Arrow, about nine miles from the 
 post-town of Boyle, at which are the 
 ruins of an abbey founded by the 
 MacDonoughs for Dominican nuns in 
 1427. 
 
 BALLINDRE AT, a village in the 
 parish of Lifford, county of Donegal, 
 about four miles from Strabane. It 
 has a Presbyterian meeting-house. 
 
 BALLINEA, a small village in the 
 parish of Mullingar, county of "West- 
 meath. 
 
 BALLINEEN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Ballymoney, county of Cork, 
 near the post-town of Dunmanway. 
 
 BALLINEFAGII, a parish in the 
 county of Kildare. 
 
 BALLINGADDY, a small parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Coshlea, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick, in- 
 cluded in the Union of Kilmalloch. 
 
 BALLINGARRY, a parish and vi- 
 ' carage in the Barony of Connello, 
 78 
 
 1 
 
 county and Diocese of Limerick. It 
 contains a village so called, a few 
 miles from the post-town of Rath- 
 keale, in the vicinity of which are the 
 residences of Grove, Odelville, and 
 Glanwilliam. Population in 1831, 
 8561. 
 
 BALLING ARRY, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Coshlea, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly, connected with the Union of 
 Killenellick. In the village of its 
 name are several fairs. Population 
 in 1831, 2497. 
 
 BALLINGARRY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Lower Or- 
 mond, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, comprising about 
 twelve square miles. It is a dreary 
 district, thinly inhabited. Several 
 fairs are held in the village of its 
 name. Population in 1831, 1767. 
 
 BALLINGARRY, or Gare, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Sliebhardagh, county of Tippeiary, 
 and Diocese of Cashel, comprising 
 74S9 acres, and containing a small vil- 
 lage so called. Population in 1831, 
 5872. Post-town, Callan. 
 
 BALLINGEARY, a village in the 
 county of Cork, at which is the first 
 bridge over the Lee. It has a new 
 chapel and a national school. 
 
 BALLINLANDERS, or Ballin- 
 londry, a parish, rectory, and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of Coshlea, county 
 of Limerick, and Diocese of Emly, 
 comprising upwards of 1440 acres, and 
 included in the Union of Killenellick. 
 The village of its name is not far from 
 the post-town of Mitchelstown. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2999. 
 
 BALLINLOOGH, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Small 
 County, county of Limerick, and 
 Diocese of Emly, comprising 2007 
 acres, and included in the Union of 
 Any. The post-town of Six-mile- 
 Bridge is upwards of six miles dis- 
 tant. Population in 1831, 1286. 
 
 BALLINLOUGH, a village in the 
 parish of Anahilt, county of Down, in 
 the neighbourhood of Hillsborough, 
 pleasantly situated at the junction of 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 two streamlets tributary to the Bally- 
 nahinch river. 
 
 BALLINLOUGH, or Belonlagh, 
 a village in the parish of Castlerea, 
 county of Roscommon, five miles from 
 the post-town of Castlerea and four 
 from the village of Ballvhaunis. This 
 village, observes Mr Weld in 1832, 
 consists of “ forty-four cabins or 
 small houses, none very good, none 
 very bad. Though deriving its name 
 from the Lough Aelwyn, it is full 
 half-a-mile or more distant from it, 
 and not in sight of the water. The 
 houses stand in detached groups on 
 uneven ground. The church, which 
 is new, on a rising, ground within the 
 village, is pleasantly situated ; and if the 
 trees planted near it were taken care 
 of and allowed to grow, they would 
 soon become ornamental, but cattle 
 were browsing among them. The 
 village had a remarkably tranquil and 
 almost deserted appearance. There 
 was scarcely anything in it which de- 
 served the name of a shop. One 
 small sign — a pair of shears (scissors !) 
 — on the front of a poor house, 
 marked the residence of a finisher and 
 presser of the woollen stuffs worn by 
 the female peasantry; yet two schools, 
 on opposite hills, were very fully at- 
 tended; one under the protection of 
 the London Hibernian Society, near 
 the church, containing 30 boys and 
 40 girls, of which the female branch 
 above stairs appeared, as usual, ad- 
 mirably conducted; the other school, 
 a Roman Catholic one, with upwards 
 of 60 children of both sexes, was so 
 confined in space as to occasion dis- 
 tress in breathing on entering it, and 
 consequently very unwholesome.” If 
 the reader should wonder that a 
 long account of such a small and 
 poor place as Ballinlough is here in- 
 serted, the reason is, that the de- 
 scription of it applies to most of the 
 Irish villages not in the very worst 
 condition, with only some trifling al- 
 terations as it respects localities. The 
 villages in many of the counties and 
 districts seem all constructed on the 
 same plan, and designed by the same 
 7 9 
 
 architects. “ Between the village and 
 the lake,” says Mr Weld, “stands 
 Willsborough, a small and old coun- 
 try seat, which makes an agreeable 
 appearance on passing along the 
 shores of the lake. Though the im- 
 mediate borders of Lough Aelwyn 
 are in no part much elevated, yet the 
 scenery derives interest from the 
 mountains of Mayo and Sligo, which 
 are seen in the distance. Vast tracts 
 of bog occur in this district. The 
 plantations of forest trees recently 
 made by Mr Wills on each side of the 
 road leading from Castlerea into Bal- 
 linlough, under Slieve- Aelwyn moun- 
 tain, are among the most extensive 
 continuous plantations in the county. 
 The ground for the most part con- 
 sisted of upland bog covered with 
 heath, and as far as a judgment could 
 be formed at so early a period of their 
 growth, the trees appeared to be in a 
 thriving state. Several farm-houses 
 on a small scale stand along the road- 
 side between Castlerea and Ballin- 
 lough ; and on no part of Lord Mount - 
 Sandford’s, or of Mr Wills’ estates, 
 did I perceive any of those wretched 
 hovels which are so thoroughly dis- 
 creditable to other districts of the 
 county.” 
 
 BALLINODE, a small village in 
 the parish of Tydavnet, or Tedonagh, 
 county of Monaghan. It has a school, 
 supported by the Roman Catholics. 
 
 BALLINODE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Colry, county of Sligo, about 
 three miles from the town of Sligo. 
 
 BALLINROBE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Kilmain, county 
 of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam. The 
 district is watered by the river Robe, 
 and is in a rapidly improving state as 
 it respects agriculture. The small 
 town of Ballinrobe, 109 miles from 
 Dublin by Athlone, Ballinamore, Moy- 
 lough, Tuam, and Hollymount, and 
 15£ miles from Westport by Partree, 
 is situated on the Robe, and is bound - 
 ed on the east by a kind of winter 
 lake known as Lough Sly, in the flat 
 district between Loughs Corrib and 
 Mask. The town contains several 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 good houses, and the parish church 
 and Roman Catholic chapel are com- 
 modious edifices; but though the 
 hotel and posting are still kept up, 
 the prosperity of the town has been 
 checked by its reduction as a military 
 station ; the Cavalry and Infantry 
 Barracks are generally unoccupied, 
 and its retail trade has thus been con- 
 siderably injured. Among the works 
 carried on was a brewery. Here are 
 the ruins of an old monastery of 
 Augustinian Friars, founded before 
 1337, and designated Monasterium de 
 Roba in the Register of Athenry. 
 One of the Barracks is said to occupy 
 the site of an abbey or religious edi- 
 fice. In the town are charter schools 
 for boys and girls, and a respectable 
 private academy. Fairs are held on 
 Whit-Monday, and on the 5th of De- 
 cember. The surrounding district 
 is fertile, and contains numerous me- 
 morials of antiquity in the forms of 
 ruined castles and churches. In the 
 immediate neighbourhood of the 
 town, on the Westport road, are the 
 mansions of Creagh and Curramore. 
 Population of the town in 1831, 2604; 
 of parish, 8923. 
 
 BALLINSKELLIGS BAY, a bay 
 on the coast of Kerry, considerably 
 diversified by a bold headland, named 
 from the Skelligs rocks, which lie ten 
 miles to seaward. “ The extensive 
 Bay of Ballinskelligs,” observes Lady 
 Chatterton, in her “ Rambles in the 
 South of Ireland in 1838,” published 
 in 1839, “peaceful as it looks, is said 
 to be the most dangerous on this 
 coast, and the harbour, which goes 
 by the same name, formed by a small 
 island, has been, as a guide told us, 
 outlawed; that is, as he explained, 
 declared to be unsafe .” In the Bay 
 is a rock, called Carrig Irrana, or Irr's 
 Rock, on which Irr, one of the origi- 
 nal Milesian chiefs, was cast, and 
 drowned. Some old verses record 
 that “ Irr lost his life upon the West- 
 ern Main,” and that “ Skelligs high 
 cliffs the hero’s bones contain.” The 
 village of Waterville is at the bottom 
 of the Bay, and has a good inn, desig- 
 80 
 
 natedthe Sportsman's Horn. The pro- 
 perty in this quarter belongs to Daniel 
 O’Connell, M.P. Not far from Water- 
 ville is the sandy beach of Ina, on which 
 the Cahirciveen races are held. In 
 the vicinity is Derrynane Abbey, the 
 residence, celebrated in the annals of 
 Irish politics, of Daniel O’Connell, 
 Esq. M.P., from which many a fierce 
 letter has been dated, commencing 
 with the usual poetical quotation 
 — “ Hereditary Bondsmen," &c. Mr 
 O’Connell is not the proprietor of 
 Derrynane Abbey, but rents it, and a 
 large tract of surrounding country, 
 from the Earl of Cotk. The road to 
 Sneem and Kenmare passes close to 
 the house, at some distance from 
 which are the ruins of the little old 
 abbey. Mr O’Connell’s residence is 
 a large, irregular, and extraordinary 
 pile of buildings, being additions and 
 patches to the original part in almost 
 every style and form, most roman- 
 tically situated on a secluded lawn 
 of limited space, close on the shore of 
 a sheltered creek running in off Ballin- 
 skelligs Bay. The shores are bold and 
 varied, and mountains rise on both 
 sides of the house. The Hog Islands 
 and other islets on the Atlantic shore 
 enliven the marine prospect. Derry- 
 nane Abbey is truly a solitary and 
 lonely spot, more in unison apparent- 
 ly with the habits of a hermit than 
 with the feelings of one who for many 
 years has been the most prominent 
 political personage in Ireland. See 
 Cahirciveen. 
 
 BALLINSPIDLE, or Ballinspit- 
 tle, a village in the parish of Rin- 
 grone, county of Cork, not far from 
 Kinsale. It has two fairs in May, and 
 two in September. 
 
 BALLINTAGGART, a locality 
 near the town of Dingle, on the sea- 
 coast, which is agreeably diversified, 
 and here is an elegant villa of its 
 name. 
 
 BALLINTAYLOR, a beautiful lo- 
 cality on the route from Dublin to 
 Cork by Waterford, Dungarvan, and 
 Youghal, about three miles from the 
 pretty village of Villierstown, and 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAL 
 
 little more than the same distance 
 from the parish hamlet of Aglish. 
 Here are thriving plantations, regular 
 inclosures, and commodious farm- 
 houses. The ruins of Knockmoan 
 Castle, perched on a hold insulated 
 rock, rising from a very extensive 
 surrounding tract of level country, 
 are in this neighbourhood. 
 
 BALLINTEAGUE, or Bally- 
 teague, a very extensive tract of bog 
 in the Barony of Connel, county of 
 Kildare, intersected by the Grand 
 Canal from Dublin to Monasterevan. 
 The ruins of Ballinteague Castle are 
 conspicuous in this wild and bleak 
 district. 
 
 B ALLINTEMPLE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Arklow, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, on the banks of the Avoca. 
 The post-town of Arklow is about 
 six miles distant. Population in 1831, 
 939. 
 
 BALLINTEMPLE, a parish, rec- 
 tory, and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Kilnemanagh, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Cashel, comprising 
 3600 acres, and containing the hamlet 
 of Dundrum. It was annexed to the 
 contiguous rectories and vicarages of 
 Kilpatrick, Oughterleague, and Kath- 
 lynari, by Act of Council in 1795. The 
 post-town of Tipperary is about six 
 miles distant. Population in 1831, 
 786 . 
 
 BALLINTEMPLE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Clonmahon, 
 county of Cavan, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more, annexed to Kilmore parish. 
 Population in 1831, 4982. See Cavax 
 and Kilmore. 
 
 BALLINTEMPLE, a sea-coast 
 village in the parish of Ahamplish, 
 or Rahamlisli, county of Sligo. 
 
 BALLINTEMPLE, a little village 
 in the county of Cork, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of the city of Cork, so call- 
 ed from a church erected at it by the 
 < Knighta Templars in 1392, which was 
 afterwards granted to the Prior and 
 | Brethren of Gill- Abbey. The church 
 ; has long been levelled, but its burial- 
 ground is still used. Between it and 
 81 
 
 the village and castle of Blackrock 
 is the church of St Michael, a chapel- ! 
 of ease to the Cathedral, erected in | 
 1827, embosomed amid trees. Its tall 
 and graceful spire was struck down i 
 by lightning in 1836, but is now re- 
 placed. See Lisgoold. 
 
 B ALLINTOBBER, the largest Ba- 
 rony in the county of Roscommon, and 
 the seat of the county town, contains 
 13 parishes and 347 townlands, and is 
 estimated to comprise 162,822 Eng- 
 lish acres, of which 122,982 acres are 
 arable, 37,734 acres are bog, and 2106 
 acres are under water. The Barony 
 is in three distinct divisions, which 
 do not touch in any one part. “ The 
 most eastern of these divisions,” says 
 Mr Weld, “extends along the banks 
 of the Shannon, from the demesne of 
 Charleston near Drumsna and James- 
 town, to the mouth of the Feurish 
 river below Tarmonbarry on the 
 south, being inclosed between the 
 river Shannon and the Barony of 
 Roscommon. The western division 
 of the Barony is bounded by the Ba- 
 ronies of Boyle, Roscommon, and 
 Half Ballymoe, and extends to the 
 extreme w ? est of the county on the 
 confines of Mayo and Galw’ay. The 
 southern division, which comprises 
 the county town of Roscommon, like- 
 wise stretches along the Shannon 
 near Lanesborough and Lough Rea, 
 and is separated from the two other 
 divisions of the same Barony by the 
 intervention of the Barony of Ros- 
 common and the Half-Barony of Bal- 
 lymoo. The passage across the for- 
 mer, near the Shannon, is about two 
 miles ; but across the interloping part 
 of the Half- Barony of Ballymoe, the 
 distance between the southern and 
 western divisions of Ballintobber Ba- 
 rony does not exceed one mile.” 
 There is a considerable diversity of 
 soil throughout the Barony, and no 
 lack of bog, as is intimated in the pre- 
 ceding statement of the number of 
 acres. The bogs towards the Shannon, j 
 on the eastern side of the central divi- \ 
 sion of the Barony bordering on the i 
 river and Lough Rea, are extensive 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 and considerable tracts, which could 
 be rendered productive and valuable. 
 These tracts are in a state of nature, 
 exhibiting little detached spots culti- 
 vated by the peasantry, the scanty 
 crops being almost their sole exist- 
 ence. a Their first efforts,” says Mr 
 Weld, et are directed to the formation 
 of a small hut, chiefly composed of 
 the dry upper sods of the bog, and 
 these serve both for the walls and the 
 roof. Some of these huts were so 
 small as barely to contain the few 
 beings who sought refuge within from 
 the weather, and a much ruder state 
 of existence it is scarcely possible to 
 conceive ; but still the inmates are 
 better off than those who inhabit the 
 hovels which I have described in 
 some of the towns, for they have free 
 and pure air around them, and fuel is 
 abundant. A fire burns perpetually 
 on the hearth, the heat of which, op- 
 pressive to persons unaccustomed to 
 it, is nevertheless by these poor peo- 
 ple considered one of the greatest 
 j comforts of life, even during tho dog- 
 days. The little potatoe garden, 
 which is laid out the first year near 
 the hovel, is commonly very rough, 
 and the produce inconsiderable; but 
 ! with each succeeding year it wears 
 | gradually a better appearance, and 
 yields more as ashes and manure are 
 spread upon it. The patch of oats 
 comes next, and willow fences are 
 made round the inclosures. The rent 
 charged and paid for some of these 
 small tenements, on the bogs near the 
 road-side, amounts annually to two 
 guineas an acre Irish. With the ex- 
 ception of the sandstone at the tail of 
 the ridge of Slievebawn, the common 
 stone of the district is limestone; 
 yet, although lime can be procured at 
 a moderate expense, and although 
 upon bog it constitutes one of the 
 most valuable manures, it is but spar- 
 ingly used on the smaller holdings, 
 not that the cultivators are ignorant 
 of its nature, but every outgoing ex- 
 pense is avoided, and in many in- 
 stances of necessity. The limestone 
 and limestone gravel hills inter- 
 82 
 
 spersed through the bogs afford, as 
 usual, excellent soil.” 
 
 The general aspect of the country 
 consists of insulated hills and ridges 
 of limestone and gravel, with the 
 bogs already mentioned, and tracts of 
 flat firm ground at their base. In the 
 northern part of the central division, 
 towards the ridge of Slievebawn, the 
 surface is more elevated and com- 
 manding than to the south. Several 
 residences are scattered over the 
 hills, some of which are covered with 
 plantations; but others of the hills, on 
 the north-west towards Castlerea, are 
 bare of trees. On the flat ground near 
 the Hine, on the road toward Moate 
 Park, the magnificent seat and de- 
 mesne of the Noble Family of Crofton, 
 Baron Crofton in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land, and a few miles from the town 
 of Castlerea, is a small district noted 
 for the neatness of its cottages, and 
 its quickset hedges and inclosures. 
 This tract was formerly inhabited al- 
 most exclusively by Quakers , but has 
 been deserted by them on account of 
 the decline of the linen and yarn busi- 
 ness, in which most of them were en- 
 gaged. The country here is ex- 
 tremely beautiful ; fine trees shade 
 the public roads, and the fine exten- 
 sive woods of Lord Crofton’ s demesne 
 give an appearance of fertility to a 
 surface naturally uninteresting. The 
 western side of the central division 
 of the Barony of Ballintobber contains 
 comparatively little bog, and the 
 land, which lies in hills and ridges, is 
 generally dry, fertile, and well adapt- 
 ed either for tillage or pasture. The 
 mansions or residences, however, are 
 not numerous, and there is a great 
 want of trees and hedgerows; but 
 near the better class of farm-houses 
 small plantations are springing up. 
 In most of these bare tracts, ditches, 
 mounds, or low loosely-built walls, 
 are the fences of the smaller farms ; 
 but walls of a firm construction and 
 of good height bound the extensive 
 pastures of the affluent graziers. In 
 this quarter the chief mineral is lime- 
 stone. The western division of the 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL ' 
 
 Barony, which also forms the extreme 
 west of the county, and contains the 
 towns of Castlerea and Ballinlough, 
 and some considerable villages, such 
 as Belanagare and Castle -Plunket, 
 differs considerably on each side. The 
 whole eastern side consists of fine 
 land, is well wooded, containing seve- 
 ral residences, and is occupied by 
 affluent graziers. Its western side is 
 a wild district, having extensive bogs, 
 yet several of the insulated hills and 
 ridges are described as affording good 
 land. The estates of Lord Mount- 
 Sandford comprise 19,250 statute 
 acres, and have been greatly improv- 
 ed under the superintendence of his 
 Lordship’s agent, Mr Owen Young of 
 Harristown, who has rendered arable 
 considerable tracts of bog by drains 
 and other operations. In this district 
 there is a general want of fruit trees, 
 which are almost exclusively confined 
 to the gardens of the gentry. Food 
 for bees is in abundance, but these 
 valuable insects are considered of no 
 importance. Small plots of flax are 
 cultivated chiefly for home consump- 
 tion. 
 
 The eastern division of Ballintob- 
 ber Barony comprises the three pa- 
 rishes of Killmore, Killglass, and Tar- 
 monbarry. The only towns are 
 Tarmonbarry and Rooskey ; the vil- 
 lages are inconsiderable, but the ham- 
 lets, consisting of clusters of cabins, 
 are numerous. There are extensive 
 bogs, capable of great improvement, 
 between the Shannon and the Slieve- 
 bawn ridge, to the west of which lat- 
 ter is Lough Gillstown, two miles in 
 circumference. This lake, like seve- 
 ral others in the Barony, discharges 
 itself into the Shannon. The district 
 contains few plantations, and has a 
 bare and dreary appearance. 
 
 The entire Barony of Ballintobber 
 was formed out of the territory of 
 O’ Conor Don, and named after his 
 powerful castle, the massive remains 
 of which are still to be seen in 
 the parish of Ballintobber, in the 
 western of the three divisions. This 
 chieftain was surname d Don or Dun 
 < 83 
 
 from the colour of his hair, which was 
 brovm, and his rival chieftain, O’ Co- 
 nor, the proprietor of Roscommon 
 Barony, was surnamed liuadh, or Red- 
 haired. “ These rival chieftains,” 
 says Mr "Weld, “carried on incessant 
 hostilities against each other. One i 
 resided at Ballintobber Castle, and 
 the other at Ballynafad Castle, the 
 ruins of which are still visible near 
 the modern town of Strokestown. 
 Their animosities and rivalships were 
 inherited by their descendants, and 
 the country which now forms the 
 county of Roscommon was distracted 
 by these party hostilities. In 1584, 
 Sir John Perrot, Queen Elizabeth’s 
 Deputy in Ireland, marched into Con- 
 naught, formed that country into 
 shire ground, and compelled the 
 chieftains to submit to the English 
 government. They resigned their 
 possessions into the hands of the 
 Crown, executed indentures of sub- 
 missions, and accepted of re-grants 
 to them and their heirs, whereby their 
 estates were to descend in future 
 according to the common law of 
 England, instead of being gavelled 
 according to the Brehon law and cus- 
 tom. Among others Hugh O’ Conor 
 Dhunne, the chief of the sept of that 
 name, resigned his castle of Ballin- 
 tobber and the possessions of his clan 
 to the Queen, renounced the style and 
 captaincy of the O' Conor Dhunne , 
 and accepted of a re -grant and a 
 knighthood from Sir John Perrot. 
 Charles O’Conor Ruadh , of Ballyna- 
 fad.Castle, compounded in like man- 
 ner for his estates.” This Sir Hugh 
 O’ Conor died in his old castle at a 
 very advanced age in 1632, and after 
 his death, his descendants relinquish- 
 ed the appellation of Dhunne till 
 about 1750, when Dominick O’ Conor, 
 the head of Cloonalis branch of the 
 family, assumed the appellation of 
 Don , a corruption of Dhunne , and 
 associating with the name the alleged 
 Spanish or Celtiberian origin of the 
 Irish. He died in 1795, and was suc- 
 ceeded in the Donship by his brother 
 Alexander, at whose death, in 1823, 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 , the Cloonalis branch of the O’ Conor 
 fiujiily became extinct, Owen O' Conor 
 of Belanagare, the descendant of the 
 third son of Sir Hugh O’ Conor, as- 
 . sumed the title. This gentleman was 
 returned member of Parliament for 
 the county of Roscommon at the first 
 election after the restrictions upon 
 the Roman Catholics were repealed. 
 He died in 1831, and was succeeded 
 by his son, Denis 0* Conor, Esq. , com- 
 monly styled The O' Conor Don , in 
 . 1S41 one of the representatives of the 
 county. It is said that the 0* Conors 
 of Belanagare, and of Mount Druid, 
 are now the only descendants of the 
 O' Conors of Ballintobber, a family 
 who for centuries kept Connaught in 
 a state of turmoil by their feuds and 
 dissensions. In 1305 Felirn 0* Conor, 
 then elected chieftain, who sided with 
 . Edward Bruce, and assisted at his 
 coronation at Dundalk, encountered 
 a veteran army commanded by Sir 
 William de Burgh and Sir Richard 
 Bermingham, and was defeated with 
 great loss near Athenry. This was 
 the first severe blow to the power of 
 the O’ Conors, whose name and race 
 were nearly extinguished on that fatal 
 occasion. Their territory became 
 diminished, and for nearly three cen- 
 turies previous to their submission 
 to Elizabeth’s Deputy, they split into 
 distinct and hostile clans, deriving 
 names or soubriquets from territorial 
 and personal peculiarities. Popula- 
 tion of the Barony in 1S31, 60,134. 
 
 BALLINTOBBER, a parish, pre- 
 bend, and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 its name, county of Roscommon, and 
 Diocese of Elphin, comprising 2fi46 
 Irish acres. It derives its name from 
 the well known Irish word Bally, a 
 town, and tobber or tubber , a well or 
 fountain, which bursts forth below 
 the cemetery, crowded tombs of the 
 Roman Catholic chapeL This chapel 
 is near the site of an ancient church. 
 It is stated that an abbey was founded 
 here in 1216 by O’ Conor, King of Con- 
 naught, but Mr Archdall does not 
 record any such religious foundation 
 at this place. Ballintobber village 
 84 
 
 consists chiefly of a collection of 
 thatched cabins lying below the castle I 
 to the eastward. In 1S32 it contained, 
 says Mr W eld, “ twenty- six dwellings, 
 all cabins, except three of two storeys, 
 thatched, and one of two storeys, 
 slated. The magnificent ruins of 
 Ballintobber Castle are situated on 
 the road from Castlerea to the town j 
 of Roscommon, four miles from the 
 former, and nine from the latter, on 
 the extremity of a narrow steep-sided 
 ridge. The view of the ruins is re- 
 markably impressive on the road from j 
 Castlerea, which runs along the pa- 
 rallel ridge on the opposite side of a 
 deep ravine. The date of the erec- 
 tion of this castle is not ascertained, 
 but it is of considerable antiquity, 
 and it was for centuries the strong- 
 hold of the family of the O’Conor 
 Don, now the property of Lord Hart- 
 land. It consisted originally of a 
 quadrangular inclosure, 270 feet in j 
 length, and 237 feet in breadth, mea- ' 
 sured within, and defended by strong 
 towers at each angle, and by one on 
 each side of the great entrance, which 
 opened upon an esplanade at the end 
 of the ridge towards the east, the 
 whole surrounded by a broad fosse. 
 
 A drawbridge from the postern gate 
 was evidently on the east of this 
 ridge. The fosse to the front, and 
 on the south, is supposed to have 
 been filled with water, and on the 
 south side it is still partially covered, 
 and afiords beautiful and picturesque 
 reflections of the towers and ivy- i 
 grown walls. On the two other sides 
 the ditches are deep, broad, and cut ■ 
 into the rock, below the level of the 
 water.” 
 
 Mr Weld alleges that the grand 
 towers, which are all polygonal, bear 
 externally a strong resemblance to 
 some of those of Carnarvon Castle in 
 Wales. ** Indeed, it may be suspected,” 
 he says, M that the architect, whoever 
 he was, must have been acquainted 
 with the plans of the Welsh castles. • 
 No one tower, it is true, is comparable 
 to the Eagle Toicer at Carnarvon; 
 nevertheless, the south-west tower at 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 Ballintobber is a superb piece of ar- 
 chitecture, and for its general effect 
 among the most imposing remains of 
 antiquity which I can call to recollec- 
 tion in Ireland. There is a want of 
 symmetry, however, in the construc- 
 tion of these towers, no two agreeing 
 in the number and length of the sides. 
 The south-west tower presents six 
 faces on the exterior ; the north-west 
 tower five ; the north-east tower 
 seven; and the south-east six. — The 
 south-east tower is about 30 feet in 
 breadth, but all the towers elongate 
 towards the interior of the great 
 court. — The towers, more particu- 
 larly the two to the west next the 
 ridge, had very substantial walls, 
 through which, in the lower storeys, 
 are loop-holes for defence ; the upper 
 storeys have windows, and apparently 
 habitable apartments. The interior 
 of each is, however, in a ruinous 
 state, seemingly the result of vio- 
 lence, although the exterior crust 
 remains. The two to the east are 
 completely gutted. In the north- 
 west tower some doorways with Ian- 
 cet and fiat- pointed arches, in very 
 pleasing proportion, remain in tole- 
 rable preservation, and a fire-place 
 and chimney piece, with arms bear- 
 ing date of 1627, appear on the walls 
 of the third storey, but the floors of 
 the upper store vs have been beaten 
 away, and access consequently cut off. 
 The grand portal to the east was pro- 
 tected by towers rounded at the outer 
 side, but elongated within. These 
 are in a very dilapidated state. The 
 curtain walls between the towers are 
 about five feet eight inches thick, at 
 the height of the great inner court of 
 the castle, but of course much thicker 
 at the foundation. They are pro- 
 vided as usual with loop-holes; and 
 flights of steps, which are still pass- 
 able, lead up to the banquette be- 
 neath the parapet. These walls are 
 all round and firm, except on the 
 ; southern side of the quadrangle over 
 j the fosse which contains the water. — 
 
 I The great court or area in the inte- 
 rior of the castle presents an even 
 85 
 
 surface coated with grass. Sheep are 
 occasionally inclosed within it at 
 night, and I saw a very considerable 
 flock, belonging to Lord Hartland, 
 undergoing the operation of paring 
 the hoofs. Whether the present level i 
 of the area is the same as it was be- | 
 fore the castle was dismantled, seems i 
 to admit of doubt. The traces of j 
 demolition at Ballintobber are very ■ 
 evident. Here, as in other ruins, 
 much mischief has been effected by 
 pillagers, who came for stones as to a 
 common quarry, and who generally 
 selected those which were squared 
 and chiselled in the first instance. 
 Lord Hartland has put an effectual 
 stop to these depredations by an or- 
 dinance, for which all admirers of an- 
 tiquity will be grateful.” 
 
 It is already stated, that the date 
 of the erection of Ballintobber Castle 
 is unknown. Tradition assigns to it 
 the middle of the thirteenth century, 
 and that it was built by Cathal Creu- 
 dearag O’ Conor, an illegitimate bro- 
 ther of Roderic O’Conor, the last of 
 the Kings of Connaught of the Irish 
 race, whose family the said Cathal 
 supplanted, procured his own elec- 
 tion as King of Connaught, and main- 
 tained a successful warfare against 
 the English for forty years. There 
 is, however, no satisfactory evidence 
 that King Cathal ever resided at 
 Ballintobber. Sir Hugh O’ Conor 
 Dhunne, the chief knighted by Queen I 
 Elizabeth’s Deputy, was besieged in 
 this castle by Hugh Ruadh O’Donnell 
 in 1590. On that occasion a great 
 gun was planted on the hill of Bally- 
 finegan, which made a breach in the 
 wall, and the old chief was compelled 
 to surrender at discretion. At his 
 death in 1632, he was succeeded in 
 possession of the castle and estates by 
 his son Callaugh, who sided with the 
 confederated Roman Catholics in the 
 insurrection of 1641, and raised a 
 force of 200 horse and 2000 foot. In 
 1642 he encountered a body of Eng- 
 lish soldiers very inferior in number, 
 commanded by the Lord President 
 Ranelagh, Sir Charles Coote, and Sir 
 
 H 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 Robert King, and was completely de- 
 feated in the vicinity of the castle. 
 Many of the vanquished found refuge 
 within the walls of the castle, and as 
 the English were destitute of artil- 
 lery, they were obliged to retire. 
 Hugh, the only son of Callaugh 
 O’ Conor, died in 1762 without male 
 issue, and the castle was acquired by 
 the Burkes of Ballydougan in Gal- 
 way through a female descent. Some 
 years afterwards a will was discover- 
 ed among the papers of Lord Athenry 
 purporting to be that of Hugh 
 O’ Conor, dividing his castle and es- 
 tates of Ballintobber to the male line 
 of the O’ Conors of Cloonalis, descend- 
 ed from Hugh the second son of Sir 
 Hugh O’Conor Dhunne. In 1784 
 Alexander O’ Conor, brother of Do- 
 minick O’ Conor Don, of Cloonalis, in 
 consequence of discovering this will, 
 collected 400 or 500 retainers of his 
 family, and forcibly obtained posses- 
 sion of the castle. This exploit 
 caused a considerable sensation ; and 
 a military force was ordered from 
 Athlone to expel the invaders of the 
 ruined fortress, at the approach of 
 which they and their leader fled to 
 the bogs. This gentleman died in 
 1823, when the Cloonalis branch of 
 the O’ Conors became extinct. The 
 Burkes were repossessed of Ballin- 
 tobber, but suspecting the security 
 of their title, they sold it to the first 
 Lord Hartland at a great undervalue, 
 and in 1841 the castle and estates were 
 the property of his son, the Right 
 Hon. and Rev. Maurice Mahon, se- 
 cond Lord Hartland. 
 
 In the vicinity of Ballintobber are 
 the residences of Milltown, near the 
 village of Castle-Plunket, Heathfield, 
 Wills grove, and Southpark. A fair 
 is held in the village of Ballintobber 
 on the 25th of August. Population 
 in 1831, 2152. 
 
 BALLINTOBBER, a parish in the 
 Barony of Carra, county of Mayo. It 
 is chiefly noted for the fine ruins of 
 an abbey said to have been founded 
 by Cathal O’ Conor, King of Con- 
 naught, in 1216. John O’Rourke of 
 85 
 
 Tirawley was murdered by his ne- 
 phew, David Fitzburke, in this abbey 
 in 1506. The post-town of Ballin- 
 robe is upwards of ten miles distant. 
 Population in 1831, 4744. 
 
 BALLINTOBBER, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, united to Fons- 
 town, in the Queen’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Leighlin. See Ballyadams. 
 
 B ALLINTOGHER, a village in the 
 parish of Killery, county of Sligo, 
 about six miles from Dromahair. It 
 has fairs in the months of June, July, 
 October, and December. 
 
 BALLINTOY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Carey, county 
 of Antrim, and Diocese of Connor, 
 forming the most northerly portion of 
 the county, and bounded on the north 
 and north-east by the sea, comprising 
 12,754 acres. The chief crops are 
 barley, oats, and potatoes, and though 
 agriculture is improved, it is still in 
 a backward state. Formerly there 
 were no stock farms in this parish, 
 and every tenant suited the number 
 of his cattle to the size of his holding, 
 which was generally under 25 acres. 
 The shores afford an ample supply of 
 sea-weed, and considerable quantities 
 of kelp were once manufactured; 
 there is abundance of excellent shell 
 sand, which is thought a fine manure 
 for clay land ; and decomposed lime- 
 stone is found at Limeneagh and 
 Coulmaghra, near the fishery of Kin- 
 baan, at the boundary of the pa- 
 rish on the east. The burning of 
 bog for manure is a common practice. 
 The inhabitants are chiefly employed 
 in weaving, spinning, and agriculture. 
 At Port-Camply, under the parish 
 church, is a small harbour, visited by 
 sloops from the Scotish islands, and 
 there are several creeks for fishing- 
 boats along the coast. Considerable 
 tracts of bog have been reclaimed. 
 The rivulet Dunseveric runs through 
 the parish from north to south, and 
 in its course to the sea turns a corn- 
 mill; the only other streamlet is the 
 Inover, on which are corn and flax 
 mills at Ballintoe. Both of these 
 rivulets rise in bogs. The only hills 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAL 
 
 of importance are Knocksoghy, above 
 the village of Ballintoy, fit for pas- 
 ture, and Croaghmore, which rises 
 abruptly, and is conspicuous at a con- 
 siderable distance. Its sides are ara- 
 ble, and on its summit, which is fine 
 green pasture without heath, are 
 a large cairn of stones and some 
 graves, about which even, tradition is 
 silent. The plantations are very li- 
 mited, and for many years scarcely a 
 tree was to be seen in the parish. 
 There are salmon-fisheries at Port- 
 Braddon, Carrickarede, and Lany- 
 baan, and the coast abounds with 
 fish, crabs, and lobsters; and, says 
 the Rev. Robert Trail, “ we are occa- 
 sionally visited by whales, sharks, 
 porpoises, and several of the more 
 remarkable inhabitants of the deep.” 
 There are excellent quarries of ba- 
 salt; abundance of limestone on the 
 sea-coast, but none in the interior ; 
 and in the hill above the village of 
 Ballintoy, a kind of coal is found re- 
 sembling charred wood, chiefly used 
 for burning lime, but its disagreeable 
 smell prevents its general use for 
 fuel. Salt-works are in operation on 
 the shore. The principal antiquities 
 are Druidical circles, raths, moats, 
 cromlechs, and pillar stones, but none 
 of any importance, and no castles or 
 round towers. The ruins of an old 
 church, having two contiguous bury- 
 ing-grounds, are on the townland of 
 Templastragh. The swinging bridge 
 at Carrickarede, which is only put up 
 during the salmon- fishing season, was 
 long considered a curiosity. Ac- 
 cording to Mr Trail’s statistical ac- 
 count, the condition of the people is 
 much improved, and “on Sundays 
 andgaZa days none of the females ap- 
 pear without muslins, calicoes, cot- 
 ton stockings, and bonnets.” — “ We 
 have,” he observes in another place, 
 “ no patrons nor patron- days, nor any 
 particular customs, except that on 
 Christmas, and on the first day of the 
 year, a great concourse of people as- 
 semble on the strand at White Park to 
 play common or shinny. This formerly 
 was frequented by young and old, and 
 87 
 
 the amusement generally ended by 
 drinking whisky and broken heads.” 
 Throughout the parish are several 
 schools, one of which is endowed 
 with a salary of L.15 by Mrs Jane 
 Stewart, formerly of Ballintoy, who 
 by her will left the choice of the 
 schoolmaster to the parishioners as- 
 sembled at the Easter Vestry, “ from 
 which circumstance,” says Mr Trail, 
 “it has become the most useless of 
 all the schools. The only qualifica- 
 tion necessary on these occasions for 
 the candidate to possess is the capabi- 
 lity of drinking whisky and sharing it 
 with the electors, and whoever enter- 
 tains best and drinks deepest is sure 
 of gaining his election. I have made 
 many attempts to redress this serious 
 grievance, but having been uniformly 
 unsuccessful, I have now ceased to 
 make any farther efforts.” It is to 
 be hoped that this deplorable state of 
 matters with reference to this school 
 is now rectified. The village of Bal- 
 lintoy is situated on the iron-bound 
 shore of this basaltic coast, and has a 
 tolerable bay. It is within six miles 
 of the Giant’s Causeway, and is sur- 
 rounded by bleak moorlands. Mount 
 Druid is a residence sp called from a 
 cromlech, or pagan altar, which is 
 on the adjacent hill. From this point 
 the tourist can proceed to the Giant’s 
 Causeway, either by the ruins of Dun- 
 severick Castle and along the cliffs 
 by the Plaiskins, or in the first in- 
 stance to Bushmills. Carrickarede 
 is a small insulated basaltic rock close 
 to the village of Ballintoy, and a mile 
 and a half west of Kenbane Head, 
 on the road from Ballycastle to the 
 Giant’s Causeway. It is separated 
 from the mainland by a chasm about 
 60 feet wide and 80 feet in height, 
 over which two ropes are stretched, 
 supporting planks laid across, and a 
 rope elevated about three feet, along 
 which the person crossing slides his 
 hands. On the rock is a small hut 
 used by the fishermen during the 
 salmon season. Fairs are held at 
 Ballintoy in June, September, and 
 October. Population in 1831, 4061. 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER 
 
 B ALLINTRA, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Drumholm, county of Done- 
 gal, five miles from Ballyshannon, and 
 six from Donegal. It is in the neigh- 
 bourhood of a hilly, but fertile and 
 densely populated country, which lies 
 between the high moorland and the 
 shore. Fairs are held in February, 
 March, May, July, October, and No- 
 vember. 
 
 BALLINTRA, a small village in 
 the Barony of Boyle, county of Ros- 
 common. 
 
 BALLINTUBBER. See Foxs- 
 
 TOWX. 
 
 BALLINURE, or Ballyxcre, a 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Talbotstown, county of Wicklow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. The post-town 
 of Baltinglass is about six miles dis- 
 ' tant. Population in 1831, 2128. 
 
 B ALLIN VARRY. See Bally- 
 
 ; VARY. 
 
 B ALLIN VOHER, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Corka- 
 guiney, county of Kerry, and annexed 
 Dioceses of Ardfertand Aghadoe. It 
 lies along the shores of Dingle Bay. 
 Population in 1831, 2924. See Dixgle. 
 
 BALLIQLTLLANE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Stradbally, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin, four miles from the post- 
 town of Stradbally. See Tullow- 
 moy. 
 
 BALLISAKEERY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of ^yrawley, 
 i county of Mayo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala, situated on the Bay of Killala. 
 In the district are several schonls, 
 
 ; one of w hich is on Erasmus Smith’s 
 foundation. Population in 1831, 5094. 
 See Killala. 
 
 BALLISODARE, a small town in 
 the county of Sligo, about two miles 
 from Colooney, and four from Sligo. 
 Here the Awinbeg, or Owinbeg, in- 
 creased by the Arrow’, is crossed, and 
 united the waters of these streams are 
 precipitated into the Atlantic over a 
 long series of shelving rocks, forming 
 , a most magnificent rapid. Extensive 
 corn-mills and stores are erected on 
 | the different levels formed by the 
 
 BAL 
 
 rapids, and below the lowest fall is 
 safe anchorage. Ballisodare stands 
 on the little bay of its name, at the 
 entrance of which is the singularly 
 formed and solitary mountain Knock- 
 nara, rising to a height of 1400 feet, and 
 a conspicuous object along the whole 
 line of coast. This town is likely to 
 become a port of some importance, 
 under the auspices of Mr Cooper, the 
 proprietor. The ruins of a little 
 abbey, founded by St Fechin in the 
 seventh century, rise over the cas- 
 cade. Between Ballisodare and Co- 
 looney the French, who landed at 
 Killala in 1798, were unsuccessfully 
 attacked by a small body of militia 
 and yeomanry, on the 5th of Septem- 
 ber, under Charles second Lord Vis- 
 count Gort, who succeeded his mater- 
 nal uncle, John Prendergast Smyth, 
 first Viscount, in 1817. His Lord- 
 ship’s gallantry in opposing the pro- 
 gress of the French invaders was 
 honourably acknowledged by George 
 III., by a grant of supporters, with 
 the motto. Colooney. 
 
 BALLITOBIN, or Ballytobix, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the I 
 Barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny, ' 
 and Diocese of Ossory, upwards of 1 
 five miles from the post-town of Ca- 
 van. Population in 1831, 759. 
 
 BALLIVONY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Stradbally, county of Water- J 
 ford, about eight miles from Dungar- 
 van. It is situated on the coast, and 
 has a small harbour called Ballivony 
 Cove. In the vicinity are the ruins 
 of an extensive edifice, supposed to 
 have belonged to the Knights Hos- 
 pitallers. 
 
 BALLIVOR, a village near the 
 margin of the great boggy tract which 
 occupies a considerable part of the 
 eastern district of the county of 
 Westmeath, a part of the large estate 
 of the Earl of Damley. It is nine 
 miles from Summerhill, 19 miles from 
 Dunboyne, and 14 from Mullingar. 
 Close to the village are the residences 
 of Elmgrove and Parkstown, and a 
 little beyond it is a considerable tract 
 of the dreary Bog of Allen, in the 
 
EAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 centre of which the road enters the 
 county of Westmeath. 
 
 BALLON, a parish and vicarage, 
 united with Aghade and Ardristan, 
 in the Barony of Forth, county of 
 Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin, 
 about five miles from Tullow. In 
 the parish is the village of its name, 
 but the district contains no object of 
 importance. Population in 1831, 1439. 
 
 BALL’S BRIDGE, a village in the 
 far-famed Barony of Donnybrook, on 
 the road to Kingstown, two miles 
 from Dublin. It is situated on the 
 banks of the rivulet Dodder, on the 
 right of the railway, and contains very 
 extensive calico-printing works. 
 
 BALLY. See Ballee. 
 
 BALLY, signifying a town , a name 
 incorporated with numerous parishes, 
 towns, villages, and country resi- 
 dences, of which it seems almost im- 
 possible to obtain a correct list. The 
 following enumeration shows what a 
 formidable cognomen this is to en- 
 counter in Irish topography. The 
 description of the village of Bally- 
 comaisy , by Air Carleton, in his excel- 
 lent sketch, entitled the Irish Mid- 
 wife, applies to the great majority of 
 the Irish villages honoured by the 
 distinction of Bally , and to many 
 others of different names. “ The 
 village of Bally comaisy was as pleasant 
 a little place as one might wish to see 
 of a summer’s day. To be sure, like 
 all other Irish villages, it was remark- 
 able for a superfluity of pigs , praties , 
 and chtldre , which being the stock in 
 trade of an Irish cabin, it is to be pre- 
 sumed that very few villages either 
 in Ireland or elsewhere could go on 
 properly without them. It consisted 
 principally of one long street, which 
 you entered from the west side by one 
 of those old-fashioned bridges, the 
 arches of which were much more 
 akin to the Gothic than the Roman. 
 Most of the houses were of mud, a 
 few of stone, one or two of which had 
 the honour of being slated on the 
 front side of the roof, and rustically 
 thatched on the back, where ostenta- 
 tion was not necessary. There were 
 89 
 
 two or three shops, a liberal sprink- 
 ling of public-houses, a chapel a little 
 ont of the town, and an old dilapi- 
 dated market-house near the centre. 
 A few little bye-streets projected in 
 a lateral direction from the main one, 
 which was terminated to the north- 
 west by a pond, through which, as 
 usual, ran a shallow stream, that was 
 gathered into a little gutter as it 
 crossed the road. A crazy anti- 
 quated mill, all covered and cob- 
 webbed with grey mealy dust, stood 
 about a couple of hundred yards out 
 of the town, to which two straggling 
 rows of houses, that looked like an 
 abortive street, led you. This mill 
 was surrounded by a green common, 
 which was again hemmed in by a fine 
 river that ran round in a curving line 
 from under the hunch backed arch 
 of the bridge we mentioned at the 
 beginning.” This doubtless describes 
 a real Bally , under the assumed name 
 of Bally comaisey, and is admirably 
 delineated, as are the sketches by Mr 
 Carleton, entitled the Irish Midwife , 
 already mentioned, in the unpretend- 
 ing but truly excellent weekly pe- 
 riodical, The Irish Penny Journal, 
 begun by Messrs Gunn and Cameron 
 in 1840. 
 
 BALLYADAMS, or Kilmacedy, 
 one of the nine Baronies of the 
 Queen’s County. See Queen’s Coun- 
 ty. 
 
 BALLYADAMS, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of its name, in the 
 neighbourhood of Athy, Diocese of 
 Leighlin. It contains, among other 
 villages, that of Ballylinan, near which 
 are the residences of Rahin and Bal- 
 lyadams. Population in 1831, 4013. 
 
 BALLYAGHRAN, a village in the 
 parish of Agherton, which is also 
 sometimes called Ballyaghran, and 
 Liberties of Coleraine. See Agher- 
 ton and Coleraine. 
 
 BALLYALLY, a lake in the Ba- 
 rony of Inchiquin, county of Clare, 
 covering probably 100 acres or up- 
 wards, traversed by the river Fergus. 
 In the vicinity is the residence of 
 Ballyally. 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 BAL 
 
 I 
 
 j B ALLY AN, or Bally ane, a parish 
 
 ! and rectory in the Barony of Bantry, 
 
 ; county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 j Ferns, on the hanks of the river Bar- 
 row. It is one of the seven parishes 
 i composing the Union of St Mary’s 
 New Ross. The residence of Ballyane 
 is about three miles from the post- 
 town of Ross. Population in 1831, 
 1069. 
 
 BALLY ARTHUR, an extensive 
 and beautiful demesne on the banks 
 of the Avoca, celebrated for its ro- 
 mantic scenery. Near it is the pic- 
 turesque junction of the streams 
 Avonmore and Avonbeg, known as 
 the Meeting of the Waters , which form 
 the Avoca. This mansion of Bally- 
 arthur is situated in a large and finely 
 varied park, below the Avoca Inn, 
 near Newbridge. At two miles from 
 Newbridge the road reaches another 
 wooden bridge inn, at the spot where 
 the Aughrim enters the Avoca, and 
 designated the Second Meeting of the 
 Waters. See Avoca. 
 
 | BALLY-ATH-CLIATH, a name 
 given by the ancient Irish to the city 
 of Dublin. The meaning of the de- 
 I signation is the Town of the Ford of 
 i Hurdles , which, it is stated, originat- 
 ed “ from a common practice of the 
 Irish, who used to make muddy 
 . rivers, such as the Liffey was near its 
 junction with the sea, and near bogs 
 and marshes, fordable by means of 
 hurdles or kishes laid down where 
 they desired to pass. It was a rude 
 sixbstitute for a bridge, and did more 
 mischief than perhaps those who laid 
 them down were aware, for the course 
 of rivers was impeded, bogs formed, 
 and swamps established.” 
 
 BALLYBACON, a parish and rec- 
 tory, united with the vicarage of 
 Tubrod, in the Barony of Iffa and 
 Offa West, and county of Tipperary. 
 It contains a part of the village of 
 Ardfinnan. Population in 1831, 2970. 
 Post- town, Clonmel. 
 
 BALLYBARRACK, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Dundalk, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. See Dundalk. 
 
 BALLYBAY. See Ballibay. 
 
 BALLYBEG, a village upwards of 
 five miles from the post- town of 
 Thurles, Barony of Eliogarty, and 
 county of Tipperary. 
 
 BALLYBEG, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Orrery &nd Kilmore, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, near the banks of the Aubeg. 
 About a mile from the decayed town 
 of Buttevant, on the road to Mallow, 
 is the romantic rocky glen of Bally- 
 beg, in which are the ruins of Bally - 
 beg Abbey, and some fragments of 
 a round tower. This abbey was 
 founded for Augustinian monks, and 
 dedicated to St Thomas, by Philip de 
 Barry, who is said to have endowed 
 it about 1229. In gratitude to the 
 founder, an equestrian statue of him 
 in brass was placed within the church, 
 the great eastern window of which 
 still exists. Sir David de Barry, his 
 grandson, who was slain in 1262, in- 
 creased the revenues, and the lands at 
 one time comprised 2060 acres. The 
 ground plan of the ruins of this abbey 
 proves that it was very extensive. 
 See Buttevant. 
 
 BALLYBEG, a locality in the 
 neighbourhood of the partially wood- 
 ed hill of Allanstown on the road 
 from Dublin to Navan by Drum- 
 shaughlin, a few miles from Navan, 
 which deserves a distinct notice, as 
 here is said to be the oldest and most 
 extensive tree nursery in Ireland. 
 
 B ALLYBEGGAN, a pass celebrat- 
 ed in the wars of William III. and 
 James II., in the parish of Tralee, 
 county of Kerry, three miles from the 
 town of Tralee. Its ancient massive 
 and stately castle was reduced by 
 King William’s forces. A quarry of 
 dark marble is in the vicinity. 
 
 BALLYBOFEY, a small town in 
 the parish of Stranorlar, county of 
 Donegal, about a mile west of the 
 town of Stranorlar. In this sadly 
 dilapidated town the markets are 
 held; and the principal part of the 
 retail business connected with the 
 surrounding mountainous district, 
 w’hich has no other towns, is transact- 
 
ed. Fairs are held in May and De- 
 cember. See Stranorlar. 
 
 BALLYBOGGAN, a town on the 
 Boyne river, in the Barony of Moy- 
 feurath, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 It has a fair on the 25th of September. 
 A Priory was founded at this place 
 as early as the twelfth century for 
 canons of the Order of St Augustine. 
 
 BALLYBOGHILL, or Ballyba- 
 chal, a parish in the Barony of Bal- 
 rothery, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin. The village of its name is 
 upwards of twelve miles from Dublin, 
 and three miles from the post-town 
 of Swords, on the road from Dublin 
 to Naul and Bellewstown, and con- 
 tains a Roman Catholic chapel and a 
 school. Here are the ruins of an an- 
 cient abbey, and the adjoining ceme- 
 tery has been long held in peculiar 
 veneration. It is said that the town- 
 land, including this abbey, was grant- 
 ed to St Mary’s Abbey Dublin, in 
 1180, by Gilbert O’Caran, Primate of 
 all Ireland. Population of village in 
 1831, 144; of parish, 664. 
 
 B ALLYBORR, a parish in the Ba- 
 rony of Shellilogher, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Ossory, the 
 rectory and vicarage of which are 
 united with the parish of St Canice. 
 See Kilkenny. 
 
 BALLYBORRIS, a village in the 
 parish of Clonegoose, county of Car- 
 low, on the river Barrow, not far 
 from Leiglilin Bridge. A school for 
 a limited number of boys and girls 
 was instituted at this place by Lady 
 Kavanagh. 
 
 BALLYBOUGH-BRIDGE, a vil- 
 lage in the parish of St George, in the 
 immediate vicinity of Dublin. Near 
 it is an ancient bridge over the Tolka 
 stream. The vitriol manufactory at 
 this place was for some time, and pro- 
 bably still is, the only one in the 
 county of Dublin. Near the village 
 is the Hebrew cemetery, belonging to 
 the Jews in Dublin. 
 
 BALLYBOUGHT, a parish in the 
 Barony of Naas, county of Kildare, 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. The 
 post-town of Blessington is upwards 
 91 
 
 BAL 
 
 of seven miles distant. It forms part 
 of the Union of Ballymore-Kustace. 
 Population in 1831, 473. 
 
 BALLYBOY, a Barony in the 
 King's County, which is described by 
 Sir Charles Coote, Bart., in 1801, as 
 having a “ wild uncultivated appear- 
 ance, its miserable system of agri- 
 culture, exhausted soil, and every 
 general subject relating to it in a 
 deplorably ruinous condition.” One 
 cause of this unfavourable state of the 
 Barony is alleged to have been the 
 extensive tracts of glebe land it con- 
 tains, and the restrictions on the 
 incumbents precluded them from 
 granting leases longer than 21 years, 
 provided the interest of each in the 
 parish continued so long, and he did 
 not change his benefice, or lose it by 
 death, or other casualty, in which 
 case every farm on the glebe was 
 considered to be out of lease. When 
 the tenant was thus situated, there 
 was no inducement to improve the 
 soil, but, on the other hand, to exhaust 
 it as much as possible. 
 
 The agriculture of the Barony, 
 though improving, is still in a very 
 indifferent state. The light pastur- 
 age is favourable for the breeding of 
 sheep, and some black cattle are now 
 reared and fattened. Turnips and 
 rape were long the green food in 
 winter for sheep. The land is fa- 
 vourable to flax; purple grass and 
 white clover are natural to the soil ; 
 rye- grass thrives well, and the hay is 
 light, brisk, and easily secured. The 
 district is also well situated for the 
 disposal of the produce of the dairy, 
 and hides, wool, tallow, and butter, 
 from it would be in constant demand 
 in Tullamore, if the supply was con- 
 siderable, or could be made certain. 
 With several exceptions the farms 
 are small. The district is populous 
 on the glebe lands, but the habita- 
 tions of the peasantry are generally 
 wretched huts, covered with sods 
 from the numerous bogs. This 
 Barony is considered by Sir Charles 
 Coote to be better adapted for manu- 
 factures than for farming operations, 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 though this may be doubted. The 
 plantations are still very limited, but 
 vestiges of ancient forests prevail, 
 particularly near and in Lough An- 
 nagh, which discharges itself into 
 the Silver River. There appear to be 
 only two parishes in the Barony ; and 
 Ballyboy, Ballinagarry, and Frank- 
 ford, are the principal villages. 
 
 BALLYBOY, a parish in the Ba- 
 rony of its name and vicarage, in the 
 Diocese of Meath. The village of 
 Ballyboy is situated on the Silver 
 River, near the small town of Frank- 
 ford, and in the vicinity of the Hill of 
 Knock. In the village are monthly 
 markets, and fairs are held in May, 
 August, and December. The paro- 
 chial school was endowed by the Mar- 
 quis of Lansdowne. In the neighbour- 
 hood are the residences of Songstown 
 and Broughall Castle, the latter the 
 residence of N. Fitzsimons, Esq., in 
 1840-1 one of the representatives of 
 the County in Parliament. Popula- 
 tion of village in 1831, 324; of parish, 
 4182. See Frankford. 
 
 BALLYBOYS. See Ballymas- 
 canlon. 
 
 BALLYBRACK, a small village in 
 the parish of Rossmore, county of 
 Waterford. 
 
 BALLYBRACKEN, a parish and 
 rectory partly in the Barony of West 
 Ophaly, and partly in the Upper Ba- 
 rony of Philipstown, a detached part 
 of the King’s County included within 
 the county and Diocese of Kildare. 
 In the latter division is a free school 
 for boys and girls. Population in 1831, 
 1178. 
 
 BALLYBRASSIL, a parish and 
 curacy in the Barony of Shelburne, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, forming with six other pa- 
 rishes the Union of St Mary New 
 Ross. See Ross. 
 
 BALLYBRENNAN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Forth, coun- 
 ty of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, 
 on Wexford Harbour, about seven 
 miles from the town of Wexford. 
 
 BALLYBRENNAN, or Kilcowan- 
 more, a parish and rectory in the I 
 92 
 
 Barony of Bantry, county of Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns. See 
 Bantry. 
 
 BALLYBRICKEN, or Cahirelly, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Clanwilliam, county of Limerick, 
 and Diocese of Emly, not far from 
 Cahirconlish post-town. Population 
 in 1831, 1346. See Cahirelly. 
 
 BALLYBRICKEN, one of the 
 beautiful demesnes on the shores of 
 the Cove of Cork, occupying a por- 
 tion of the southern shore, extending 
 from below Monkstown to the Har- 
 bour’s mouth. 
 
 BALLYBRIT, a Barony in the 
 King’s County, lying north and east 
 of the Barony of Clonlisk, the soil of 
 which is principally of two kinds — a 
 light gravel, and a stiff clay. The 
 pasture is everywhere light, and only 
 adapted for sheep, except those re- 
 claimed parks in the vicinity of the 
 mansions. Much of the improvements 
 of the district were effected by Jona- 
 than Darby, Esq. of Leap Castle, a 
 considerable landed proprietor. The 
 soil is favourable to the grass called 
 lucerne. In this Barony are several 
 extensive graziers, and the farms 
 vary from ten to one hundred acres 
 and upwards. The residences of the 
 proprietors are commodious, but 
 many of the farm-houses and cabins 
 are in very wretched condition. It 
 is alleged that from the Knock Hill, 
 which is contiguous to Leap, seven- 
 teen counties can be seen in clear 
 weather, but noted objects in fourteen 
 counties are easily distinguished. 
 The Barony contains nine parishes, 
 and the chief places are the market 
 and post town of Birr, and the vil- 
 lages of Cadam’s Town, Drumoyle, 
 and Leap. 
 
 BALLYBRITTAIN, a village in 
 the Barony of Coolestown, King’s 
 County, in the vicinity of which are 
 the ruins of a stately castle. 
 
 B ALLYBRITT AS, a village in the 
 parish of Lea, Queen’s County, at 
 which is the demesne of its name, 
 also called Clanmalliere, the mansion 
 on the site of the ancient castle of 
 
O’Dempsy, destroyed by Cromwell’s 
 troops. In the neighbourhood are 
 the towns of Monasterevan, Portar- 
 lington, and Emo. 
 
 BALLYBROQD, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Limerick, and 
 Diocese of Emly, about six miles 
 from Six-Mile-Bridge. Fairs are 
 held in June and October. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1520. 
 
 BALLYBUNIAN CAVES, some 
 remarkable curious maritime caves 
 on the Kerry side of the mouth of 
 the Shannon, between the small es 
 tuary of the Cashin and Kilconly 
 Point, 136 miles from Dublin, and 
 nine from Tarbert. These caves are 
 distinguished for their singularly va- 
 ried and labyrinthine forms, and are 
 interesting objects in a geological in- 
 vestigation. The village of Bally- 
 bunian, which is now a summer sea- 
 bathing resort, has an inn. A pro- 
 fitable salmon-fishery is carried on, 
 great quantities of which are exported 
 to England. 
 
 BALLYBUR. See Ballyborr. 
 
 BALLYBURLY, or Primolt, a 
 parish and rectory partly in the Ba- 
 ronies of Coolestown and Warrens- 
 town, King’s County, and Diocese of 
 Kildare. In the latter are the villages 
 of Fahy and Road. The country be- 
 tween the post town of Edinderry 
 and Rochfort Bridge is in a fine state 
 of agricultural improvement. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1672. 
 
 BALLYCAHAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Pubblebrien 
 and Small County, county and Dio 
 cese of Limerick, about four miles 
 from the post-town of Croom. The 
 ruins of the castle of Ballycahan, 
 erected by the O’Grady family in 1496, 
 are near the parish church, and in the 
 j vicinity of Tory Hill are the remains 
 j of a church whic h once belonged to 
 I the Knights Templars. Some curious 
 traditions are preserved of the small 
 lake in this quarter. Population in 
 j 1831, 1242. 
 
 BALLYCAHILL, a parish in the 
 j Barony of Elioharty, county of Tip- 
 
 perary, ecclesiastically annexed to 
 the vicarage of Loghmore, Diocese of 
 Cashel. Population in 1831, 1818. 
 
 BALLYCALLAN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Cranagh, Diocese of Ossory, in the 
 Union of Callan. It contains two 
 charity schools. Population in 1831, 
 1807. 
 
 BALLYCAM BAY, a small bay 
 near Killough, in the Barony of Le- 
 cale, county of Antrim. Here is a 
 natural grotto of considerable depth, 
 at the extremity of which is a well 
 several feet deep, and the water in- 
 tensely cold in the warmest seasons. 
 
 B ALL YC ANNE W, or Ballycan- 
 now, a parish and rectory, united 
 with Leskinfere, in the Barony of 
 Gorey, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns. The village of its 
 name, a small and poor place, is in 
 the townland of Ballynamona, on the 
 Bann river. Fairs are held here in ! 
 April, July, September, October, and | 
 November. The post-town of Gorey I 
 is within six miles distant. Popula- « 
 Itionin 1831, 1167. 
 
 BALLYCARANEY, a parish and 
 annexed rectory in the Barony of 
 Barrymore, county of Cork, and Dio- 
 cese of Cloyne, and one of the pa- 
 rishes forming the Union of Lisgoold. 
 Population in 1831, 1036. 
 
 BALLYCARNEY, a parochial vil- 
 lage in the parish of Ferns, county of 
 Wexford, situated on the Slaney, over 
 which is a neat bridge. It has fairs 
 in March and May. 
 
 BALLYCAROGE, also called Bal- 
 lykeerouge y a village near the town of 
 Dungarvon, in the parish of Kilros- 
 sinta., county of Waterford, near the 
 Dallygan river. In the vicinity are 
 the ruins of a castle, which formerly 
 belonged to the Walsh family. The 
 Clough Lowrish , or Speaking Stone, 
 is an immense block, almost split into 
 two pieces, in a neighbouring rivu- | 
 let. According to the veracious tra- j 
 dition, this stone once spoke in reproof j 
 of a person who swore a false oath 
 upon it, on which occasion it split 1 
 from the top to the bottom. The 
 
ber. 
 
 BALLYCARRY, or Ballycorry, 
 a village in the parish of Broad, or 
 Templecoran, county of Antrim, 
 about five miles from Carrickfergus. 
 Near it are the ruins of Templecoran 
 church, the incumbency of which was 
 the first preferment of Dean Swift; 
 and one of the first Presbyterian con- 
 gregations in Ireland was instituted 
 here in 1611. Here the apparently 
 bleak but tolerably fertile district 
 called Island Magee commences at 
 the entrance of Belfast Lough, noted 
 for its range of trap rocks along the 
 coast known as the Gobbins, and se- 
 parated from the mainland by Loxigh 
 Larne. Near Ballycarry, on the road 
 to the sea-port of Larne, is the man- 
 sion of Red Hall. The village has 
 fairs on the 1st of June, the 2d Friday 
 of August, old style, and the 31st of 
 October. 
 
 BALLYCASHEEN, a parish in 
 the Barony of Middlethird, county 
 and Diocese of Waterford, annexed to 
 Kilronan, or Butterstown. 
 
 BALLYCASSIDY, a feeder of 
 Lough Erne, which is crossed four 
 miles from Enniskillen by the road 
 on the northern shore of the lake, 
 through a pleasing though very im- 
 perfectly cultivated district. On the 
 banks of this river are very extensive 
 flour-mills. 
 
 BALLYCASSIDY, a village in the 
 parish of Magheracross, county of 
 Fermanagh, on the river of its name, 
 near its debouch into Lough Erne. 
 According to the survey, the Canal 
 from Lough Foyle to Lough Erne 
 terminates at this village. In the 
 limestone rock of this district are 
 several curious caves called the 
 Daughters , the entrance to one of 
 which is 30 feet in height. 
 
 BALLYCASTLE, anciently called 
 Ballycashlain , or Castletown , from a 
 castle erected at it in the 16th century 
 by M‘Donnell, Viscount Dunluce, an 
 ancestor of the Earls of Antrim, is a 
 town and sea-port in the parish of 
 Ramoan, county of Antrim, near the 
 
 Fair Head Promontory and Giant’s 
 Causeway, opposite the Island of 
 Rathline. It is 114 miles from Dub- 
 lin, and 14 miles from Ballymena. This 
 little sea-port town is romantically 
 situated on the shore of the small bay 
 of its name, at the foot of Knocklade, 
 one of the highest and the most 
 westerly of the Antrim mountains, 
 and is often a halting place for tourists 
 to or from the Giant’s Causeway, 
 especially for those who resolve to 
 explore the shores and neighbouring 
 mountains. The town was begun in 
 1770, when the Irish Parliament aided 
 Mr Boyd, the lessee under the Earl 
 of Antrim, with a grant of L. 23, 000 
 for the erection of a pier and other 
 works now destroyed. The town is 
 usually divided into Upper and Lower, 
 the latter called the Quay, where are 
 the glass-house, breweries, tanneries, 
 and other works, all in ruins since the 
 destruction of the pier. The Bar- 
 rack in this part of the town was the 
 Custom House during the flourishing 
 years of the sea-port, but the trade 
 of the place is now lost, the mining 
 operations have almost failed, and the 
 harbour filled with sand. The upper 
 town contains the neat parish church, 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, Presby- 
 terian and Methodist meeting-houses, 
 several neat villas, and two comfort- 
 able inns. The charter school for 
 sixty girls was endowed by Mrs Rose 
 Boyd, with L.20 per annum, and by 
 H. Boyd, Esq., with twenty acres of 
 land rent fee. There is still some 
 little trade at Ballycastle Creek ; and 
 in 1835 the exports were valued at 
 L.1791, the imports at L.2030. The 
 coaleries are within a mile of the 
 lower town, at Fair Head, in the lofty 
 cliffs overhanging the bay, but having 
 turned out unprofitably, had not been 
 wrought for several years previous 
 to 1841. Some singular facts have 
 been elicited in connection with these 
 coaleries. As Mr Inglis observes — 
 “ In the year 1770, the colliers on 
 pushing forward an adit, towards the 
 bed of coal in an unexplored part of 
 the cliff, discovered a narrow passage, 
 
 BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 village has a fair on the 2d of Octo- 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 which, on being examined, was found 
 to be a gallery pushed forward many 
 hundred yards into the bed of coal — 
 that it had many branches and cham- 
 bers — and that these had been formed 
 in a workmanlike manner. Remains 
 of rude tools and baskets were found, 
 but they were entirely rotten, and 
 there is no reason to doubt that this 
 coalery had been worked in a very 
 remote era.” This curious cavern is 
 noticed by Mr Hamilton in hi3 “ Let- 
 ters on the Antrim Coast,” and he 
 alleges that one thousand years have 
 probably passed since this gallery 
 was mined, as the implements found 
 were quite different from those in 
 present use. When the narrow pass 
 age was first discovered, by breaking 
 through a rock, two lads entered with 
 lighted candles, and reached a laby- 
 rinth of apartments, out of which 
 they found it impossible to return, 
 and they were not relieved till the 
 following day, when their fellow- 
 workmen succeeded in cutting a way 
 to them. The road from Cushendun 
 to Ballycastle by the shore is the most 
 interesting of the three roads, but is 
 only fit for pedestrians. Near the 
 town are two mineral springs, one 
 said to be a chalybeate, and the other 
 described as an aluminous vitriolic 
 water. It ought to be mentioned that 
 the coal of Ballycastle is of the flam- 
 ing kind, but even if it was at present 
 wrought, the great swell of the At- 
 lantic, and the want of shelter for 
 vessels, would greatly retard its ex- 
 portation. Two small lakes are in 
 the high mainland adjacent to Fair 
 Head, one of which discharges itself 
 by a fissure down the precipice. Two 
 miles west from Ballycastle is the 
 conspicuous promontory of Kenbane 
 Head, composed of chalky cliffs mixed 
 with basalt. Here are the ruins of 
 J Kenbane Castle, one tower of which 
 remains, situated on the bold and ele- 
 | vated promontory, with other ruins 
 near it. Dunninny Castle is now re- 
 duced to a mere fragment, on a rock 
 about 300 feet above the sea. The 
 ruins of Bonamargy, the burial-place 
 
 of the Earls of Antrim, the great pro- 
 prietors of the district, are also in- 
 teresting. This part of the coast is 
 elsewhere noticed minutely in the 
 present wdrk. See Ardclinis, Bal- 
 lintoy, and Giant’s Causeway. 
 
 BALLYCASTLE, a small village, 
 which is a coast- guard station, on the 
 shore, a little west of Downpatrick 
 Head, on Killala Bay, in the county 
 of Mayo, eight miles from Killala, and 
 141 miles from Dublin. It is finely 
 situated for sea-bathing, and under 
 proper encouragement might become 
 an agreeable summer resort. The 
 coast here is remarkably wild, and 
 in some places the marine scenery 
 is magnificent. A road through 
 Erris, along the shore, connects Bal- 
 lycastle with Belmullet. The road to 
 the village from Killala branches off 
 a short distance from Palmerstown 
 (Palmer, Bart.), and traverses a pecu- 
 liarly wild and partially reclaimed dis- 
 trict. 
 
 BALLYCHROAN, a safe and well 
 sheltered creek for small sloops at 
 the head of Quoylach Bay. 
 
 BALLYCLARE, a post- village in 
 the parish of Ballymore, county of 
 Antrim, on the Six- Mile-Water. Here 
 are Presbyterian and Methodist meet- 
 ing-houses, well attended; monthly 
 fairs for the sale of linen, and other 
 fairs held in May, July, August, and 
 November. 
 
 BALLYCLEARY, a village in the 
 parish of Ardrahan, county of Gal- 
 way, not far from the post-town of 
 Oranmore. 
 
 BALLYCLERACHAN, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Iffa and 
 Offa, county of Tipperary, and Diocese 
 of Cashel, annexed to the parishes of 
 Coleman and St John’s, Cashel. A 
 fair is held in this parish on the 30th 
 of September. Population in 1831, 
 568. 
 
 BALLYCLOG, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Dungannon, 
 county of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, within three miles of the 
 post-town of Stewartstown. The 
 parish church is in good repair, and 
 
.bAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 the incumbent has a house and 
 glebe, said to comprise 72 acres. 
 Here are schools for boys and girls 
 on Erasmus Smith’s Foundation, and 
 others are supported by the London 
 Hibernian Society. Population in 
 1831, 2786. 
 
 BALLYCLOGHY. SeeMoNEMOiN- 
 
 TOR. 
 
 B ALLYCLOUGH, a parish and vi- 
 carage partly in the Barony of Du- 
 hallow, and partly in the Barony of 
 Orrery and Kilmore, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne. The village 
 of Ballyclough is situated in the lat- 
 ter Barony, and is a small place on the 
 road from Mallow to Newmarket. 
 Near it is Mount North, the seat of 
 the Noble Family of Lysaght, Barons 
 Lisle in the Peerage of Ireland, so 
 created in 1758. At no great distance 
 is the finely improved mansion of 
 Ballygiblin (Becher, Bart.), and be- 
 yond it is Castle Cor, the pleasure- 
 grounds of which are remarkably 
 beautiful, containing many fine old 
 trees. The Towers of Lohort Castle, 
 the seat of the Noble Family of Per- 
 ceval, Lords Arden in the Peerage of 
 Great Britain and in that of Ireland, 
 are seen towering above surrounding 
 woods; and the Mount Hillary, a 
 portion of the Brora range, rears itself 
 majestically. In the parish is an an- 
 cient castle, said to have been erected 
 by the Barry family, and in the old 
 parish church are several interesting 
 monuments to members of the Pur- 
 don, Boyle, and Lysaght families. 
 There is a chalybeate spring in the 
 district, but it is in no repute. Po- 
 pulation of village, 570; of parish, 
 3873. Post-town, Mallow. 
 
 BALLYCLUG, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony and county of An- 
 trim, and Diocese of Connor, on the 
 Maine, annexed to the contiguous pa- 
 rish of Ballymena, in which is the 
 church. A part of the town of Bal- 
 lymena, called Henryville, is in the 
 parish. Population, 3692. See Bal- 
 lymena. 
 
 B ALLYCOLLENBEG, a village in 
 the parish of Coolbanagher, Queen’s 
 96 
 
 County, not far from the post-town 
 of Emo. It has two schools, one 
 supported by the parish, the school- 
 house erected by the Marquis of 
 Lansdowne ; and the other for a limited 
 number of boys and girls, established 
 by the Hon. L. Dawson. Population, 
 641. 
 
 BALLYCOMMON, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Philips- 
 town, King’s County, and Diocese of 
 Kildare, four miles from the post- 
 town of Philipstown. Population in 
 1831, 1226. See Philipstown. 
 
 BALLYCONNELL, a village in the 
 parish of Tomregan, county of Cavan, 
 on the Woodford river. It is very 
 romantically situated at the base of 
 Slieve-Russel, or, as it is termed in 
 the Ordnance Survey, Ligavrega, 1300 
 feet in height, and a conspicuous 
 mountain in the district. Close to 
 the village are the mansion and de- 
 mesne of Ballyconncll. Seven fairs 
 are held in this village during the 
 year. The Court-House is rather ail 
 elegant edifice. 
 
 BALLYCONNELL, a parish and 
 rectory, four miles west of the town 
 of Dunfanaghy, traversed by the road 
 along the shore. In this district the 
 soil is fertile to a considerable extent, 
 and the inhabitants are numerous. 
 
 BALLYCONNICK, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Shelmalier, 
 county of Wexford, forming a consti- 
 tuent part of the Union of Taghmon. 
 See Taghmon. 
 
 BALLYCONRY-DERICO, a pa- 
 rish in the Barony of Iraghitconnor, 
 county of Kerry. See Listowel. 
 
 BALLYCOOLANE, or Cloghran- 
 hidart, a parish in the Barony ot 
 Nethercross, annexed to the vicarage 
 of Finglass, in the county and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. The village is 
 about four miles from that city. See 
 Dublin. 
 
 BALLYCOPLAND, atownland in 
 the parish of Bangor, county of Down, 
 so called because it lies immediately 
 opposite the Copeland Islands. See 
 Bangor and Copeland Islands. 
 
 BALLYCOR, a parish and rectory 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 in the Barony and county of Antrim, 
 united with the parishes of Bally- 
 easton and Rashee, in the Diocese of 
 Connor. 
 
 BALLYCORMACK, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Bargy, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. 
 
 BALLYCORUS, a locality within 
 half a mile of the Scalp, at which are 
 lead mines, partially in the county of 
 Dublin. 
 
 BALLYCOTTON, a fishing village 
 j in the parish of Cloyne, county of 
 ! Cork, situated on the hay of its name, 
 on the south-east coast of the county, 
 
 : between Youghal Bay and Cork Har- 
 bour. It is greatly exposed, and is 
 , dangerous to those unacquainted with 
 : the coast. Its flat sandy shores are 
 i skirted on the left by a low ridge of 
 | hills, and on the right by the rising 
 : grounds, which blend with the exten- 
 | sive and moorland tracts stretching 
 northward to the Bride river. Along 
 the eastern shore are some uninterest- 
 ing ruins of Ballicranan Castle, and 
 at the western end is a Coast Guard 
 Station. Bally cotton Islands form 
 
 the south-west point, to the west of 
 which are the rocks called the Smiths. 
 The Bay affords large supplies of 
 flat fish, but the village is a poor 
 place. 
 
 BALLYCOWEN, a Barony in the 
 King’s County, which takes its name 
 from Ballycowen Castle on its western 
 side, which has yet the vestiges of 
 great magnificence, and over the en- 
 trance is an inscription, purporting 
 ■ that it was built by Sir Jasper Har- 
 i bert in 1626, under which are the 
 family arms, with the motto — By 
 God of might ril hold my right. The 
 Marquis of Lansdowne and the Earl 
 of Charleville are two of the principal 
 proprietors. The greater part of the 
 Barony is arable, exclusive of the 
 moors, which have a light soil ; and in 
 many places are small limestone hills 
 in clusters, affording good pasturage 
 for store cattle and sheep. Wheat 
 and oats are the principal crops, and 
 potatoes are often sowm in the moors, 
 97 
 
 which, when burnt and gravelled, pro- 
 duce good returns. The effects of 
 lime, which is easily procured, and 
 fuel in abundance for burning it, have 
 been most salutary throughout the 
 Barony. The farms, as usual, are in 
 many places of small extent, except 
 in Rahan, where the occupants are 
 miserably poor : the houses are gene- 
 rally mean, and towards the moors 
 are wretched smoky huts. The prin- 
 cipal towns are Tullamore and Ra- 
 han. 
 
 BALLYCROGUE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony and county of 
 Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin, on 
 the Burren river. Properly, how- 
 ever, it is simply a townland in the 
 parish of Ballynacarig, and forms 
 part of the Union of Staplestown. 
 The post-town of Carlow is about 
 four miles distant. 
 
 BALLYCROY, a minor stream 
 which issues from the lake of Bally- 
 croy, in the peculiarly w T ild district of 
 Erris, county of Mayo, and enters the 
 sea at Black Sod Bay. 
 
 BALLYCROY, a village, town- 
 land, and district of Erris, forming 
 part of a tract of moorland country 
 peculiarly cheerless. It is said that 
 “even in summer and autumn the 
 few spots of wretched cultivation ap- 
 pear as mere specks, and scarcely 
 chequer the gloomy monotony of the 
 heath- clad surface. — Except the tall 
 heather, and the marsh willows, not 
 a bush w aves over the surface, nor in 
 many places does a house, fit for any 
 civilized human being, gladden the 
 scene. In the fastnesses of the moun- 
 tains in the Ballycroy district, a few 
 of the red deer still find a cover.” 
 Ballycroy is the southern district of 
 Erris, after leaving Clew Bay, and is 
 traversed by the road to A chill, which 
 branches off thither at Molyrany. 
 The people of this district are' as ori- 
 ginal a race as exists in Ireland. 
 They often have what is called a 
 prinkum, which is a Ballycroy ball on 
 the free and easy plan, at which whisky 
 is drank, and little ceremony used. 
 Their doors are never locked, and if 
 
 i 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 a stranger enters a cabin with the 
 salutation, God save all here, that is 
 considered an accredited letter of in- 
 troduction, and a full acquittance for 
 meat, drink, and lodging. “ From 
 the specimens I have seen,” says the 
 author of Wild Sports of the West, 
 “during my short sojourn in Bally- 
 croy, I have come to a conclusion 
 that the skulls of the natives are fa- 
 bricated of different materials to those 
 of all the world besides. Their en- 
 durance is mir aculous — a fellow who 
 was reported as ‘ beaten to a jelly, and 
 anointed by the priest,’ last week, 
 actually cleared a fair with an unpro- 
 nounceable name yesterday, after qua- 
 lifying for the next infirmary some 
 half score of her Majesty’s liege sub- 
 jects. This is an every-day exploit, 
 and of all the corners of the earth 
 which I ever visited, I would name 
 this as a place wherein to establish a 
 resident craniologist. Like all wild 
 people, these aborigines are absurdly 
 credulous, and open to the grossest 
 superstitions. Charms, as they be- 
 lieve, are employed with decided suc- 
 cess in every disease you name. The 
 existence of ghosts and fairies is uni- 
 versally acknowledged, and animals of 
 extraordinary formation and strange 
 virtues are supposed to inhabit lakes 
 and rivers. Among these the sea- 
 horse and water otter are pre-eminent. 
 By a singular anomaly, the first is 
 said to be found in certain inland 
 loughs, and his appearance is ima- 
 gined to be fatal to the unfortunate 
 person who encounters him. The 
 latter, however, should be an object 
 of anxious research, for he is en- 
 dued with the most amazing virtues. 
 Where a portion of his skin is the 
 house cannot be burnt, or the ship 
 cast away ; and steel or bullet will 
 not harm the man who possesses this 
 precious material. — The legendary 
 tales touching the appearance of 
 ghosts and the exploits of fairies are 
 endless. The agency of the former 
 appears directed principally to man, 
 while the latter exercise their powers 
 upon children and cattle. Indeed, 
 98 
 
 the sinister influence of ‘ the faery ! 
 race’ appears to fall almost exclu- 
 sively upon the brute creation in 
 Ballycroy, and through it many an 
 unhappy cow comes to an untimely 
 end, and if she escapes loss of life, she 
 suffers what is nearly as bad, loss of 
 butter. For the first (or ghost) ca- 
 lamity it is acknowledged there is no 
 cure ; but certain holy loughs afford 
 an antidote to this elfin visitation. 
 The cow, I believe, should be present 
 at the operation, which is performed 
 by committing her tether and some 
 butter to the waves, with (of course) 
 a due proportion of prayers for her 
 recovery. Whether the animal be 
 benefited or not, there be others who 
 reap sure and solid advantages. At 
 the proper period, some Saint’s day 
 no doubt, when Lough Keirawn is 
 frequented by the proprietors of be- 
 witched cattle ; many of the poor of 
 the neighbourhood congregate on the 
 lee side of the lake ; and a lively and 
 profitable fishing of fresh butter com- 
 mences, until the oblations to the 
 saint or saintess of the lake on the 
 part of the afflicted cow r s is ended. — 
 It is a lamentable fact, that the obli- 
 gation of a legal oath is here of trifling 
 importance. Cases of determined 
 perjury occur every day, and an ad- 
 juration upon the Evangelists is 
 considered as being far inferior in 
 solemnity to one upon the priest's 
 vestments. Whether there be any 
 regular formula to be observed in 
 this comparative swearing, I know 
 not ; — I say comparative, for in Bally- 
 croy oaths, like adjectives, have three 
 degrees of value. First, that upon 
 the Evangelists; the second, upon 
 the vestments ; and the last, upon the 
 skull. Nothing is more common 
 than to hear a fellow, who has just 
 laid down the book, offer to fortify 
 liis doubtful evidence by taking num- 
 ber two . — The grave offences with 
 which these wild people are princi- 
 pally charged, appear to be abduction 
 and murder, and both are of frequent 
 recurrence. The first, indeed, is so 
 prevalent, that any lady bent upon 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 celibacy had better avoid Ballycroy, 
 and particularly so, if she has ob- 
 tained the reputation of being opu- 
 lent. This crime, however, is seldom 
 of a dark character, and is generally 
 traceable to local causes, and the very 
 unceremonious mode in which pa- 
 rents conclude matches between their 
 children. Probably the whole mat- 
 ter is arranged between the fathers 
 during an accidental meeting at a 
 fair, or, likelier yet, over an eggshell 
 drinking-bout in a poteen-house. 
 Glass is a scarce article in Ballycroy, 
 and accordingly in the still and drink- 
 ing-houses an eggshell is used as a 
 substitute. The due proportions of 
 cattle and dry money (cash) which are 
 to be given and received are regularly 
 specified, and the youthful couple who 
 are to be united by the silken bond 
 of Hymen are first acquainted with 
 their purposed happiness after the 
 priest has been sent for to solemnize 
 the nuptials. No wonder, therefore, 
 if the lady have another liaison, that 
 she intimates her feelings to the for- 
 tunate man. He finds no difficulty 
 in enlisting a sufficient number of his 
 faction to hoist away the intended 
 bride, and carry her to some distant 
 hill or island. Then a wonderful 
 series of bargain-making commences ; 
 — upon the lady’s side it being in- 
 sisted that the abductor shall forth- 
 with make her an honest woman , 
 while the gallant usually demurs to 
 the amende honorable , until the consi- 
 deration is propounded and guaran- 
 teed. Now it is that the priest en- 
 gages deeply in the negotiation. 
 Terms are accordingly made; the 
 parties become one flesh ; the priest 
 is considered for his great and valu- 
 able services by ‘both the houses;’ 
 and ‘ one raal rook awn of a runaway 
 match’ is better to His Rivirence than 
 thrice the number of weddings per- 
 petrated by general consent. — The se- 
 cond and worst description of crime, 
 of which this remote district unhap- 
 pily affords too many instances, is 
 murder. Many circumstances tend 
 to encourage it. The system of clan- 
 99 
 
 ship, and the imperfect administration 
 of the laws, are chief causes. A 
 strange infatuation prevents these 
 people from surrendering a culprit ; 
 and to conceal or abet the escape of a 
 criminal from punishment is felt to 
 be a sort of moral obligation not to 
 be got over. Hence the feudal sys- 
 tem prevails in Ballycroy of repaying 
 injury by injury ; rather than submit 
 the offender to the ordinary course 
 of justice, violences committed by 
 one faction are fearfully retaliated by 
 the other ; and in a country where ar- 
 dent spirits are easily procured, and 
 where ancient customs, and the end- 
 less number of holidays enjoined by 
 the Church of Rome, bring the parties 
 into frequent collision, it is not won- 
 derful that disastrous consequences 
 should ensue. Maddened by whisky, 
 the national pugnacity bursts forth, 
 old injuries are remembered, the 
 worst passions are called into action, 
 and loss of life is too commonly the 
 result.” 
 
 BALLYCULTER, a parish and 
 perpetual curacy, united to four other j 
 parishes, in the Barony of Lecale, j 
 county and Diocese of Down, situated 
 at the entrance of Strangford Bay. 
 
 It contains the town of Strangford. 
 See Strangford. 
 
 BALLYCUMBER, a small town in 
 the parish of Clonmarnois, King’s 
 County, on the road from Dublin to 
 Loughrea, by Kilbeggan and Ba- 
 nagher, about three miles from the 
 post-town of Clara. It has fairs on ' 
 the 2d of May and 1st of December. • 
 The vicinity, especially adjoining the j 
 Brosna river, is flat and boggy, and 
 the road to Ferbane lies through a 
 part of the Bog of Allen, the Brosna 
 on the left. In this direction are the 
 mansions of Castle Armstrong and 
 Dooncastle. Round the town are 
 the residences of Ballycumber House, 
 Prospect, Moorock, and Bellair. 
 
 BALLYCU8LANE, or Ballin- 
 cushlane, a parish apd rectory in the 
 Barony of Trughanachmy, county of 
 Kerry, and annexed. Diocese of Ard- 
 fert and Aghadoe. It belongs to the 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 Union of Castle-Island. Population 
 in 1831, 4700. Post-town, Castle- 
 Island. 
 
 BALLYCUTTON ISLANDS, two 
 islands between which is a rock fan- 
 cifully ealled the Smiths , dry at low 
 water. 
 
 BALLYDAHAN, a suburb of the 
 borough of Mallow, county of Cork. 
 The very productive townlands of 
 Goold’s Hill, comprising 287 statute 
 acres, are connected with this sub- 
 urb. 
 
 BALLYDAIGH. See Balteagh. 
 
 BALLYDAVID HEAD, a cape in 
 the parish of Kilquan, county of 
 Kerry, on the north-east entrance of 
 Smerwick Harbour. It is a signal 
 station, not far from the post-town of 
 Dingle, on Dingle Bay. 
 
 BALLYDEHOB, a hamlet in the 
 county of Cork, on the road from 
 Skibbereen to Crookhaven, on an inlet 
 of Roaring Water Bay. 
 
 BALLYDELAUGHY, or Bally- 
 deloughy, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Fermoy, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, annexed 
 in very ancient times to Derry villane, 
 Kilqulane, andGlanwortb, all of which 
 form one parochial and ecclesiastical 
 Union. 
 
 BALLYDELOHER, called also 
 Ballyloohera, or Kilrowan, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Barrymore, county and Diocese of 
 Cork, about eight miles from the 
 city of Cork. It is one of the five 
 parishes forming the Union of Killas- 
 pugmullane. In the parish are seve- 
 ral paper-mills, a glass-house, woollen 
 factory, and some minor works, and 
 two schools, in one of which, support- 
 ed by Mr James Lane, one hundred 
 children are educated gratuitously. 
 Population in 1831, 1145. Post-town, 
 Cork. 
 
 BALLYDEVELIN BAY, or Bal- 
 lydesmond, an inlet a little north of 
 Crookhaven, county of Cork, in which 
 the stream of the tide is often very 
 imperceptible. Ballydevelin Castle, 
 which is in the parish of Kilmoan, is 
 an ancient edifice, prominently si- 
 100 
 
 tuated on a rock projecting into the 
 sea. 
 
 BALLYDONAGAN BAY, a bay 
 in the parish of Killaghaneagh, county 
 of Cork, situated between Cod’s Head 
 and Dursey Island. The stream of 
 tide is said to run not more than one 
 mile an hour, even when at the 
 strongest. The shore is partly rocky, 
 and on it is the fishing village of Bal- 
 lydonagan. 
 
 BALLYDONNELL, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Arklow, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, united with the parishes of 
 Kilmacoo and Castle-M‘Adam. The 
 post-town of Rathdrum is about six 
 miles distant. Population in 1831, 
 645. 
 
 BALLYDONNELL, a village in 
 the parish of Cahirduggan, county of 
 Cork, about five miles from Done- 
 raile. 
 
 BALLYDONELLAN, a small vil- 
 lage in the parish of Leitrim, county 
 of Galway. In the vicinity are the 
 mansion and demesne of Ballydonel- 
 lan, the ancient residence of the Do- 
 nellan family. It is about four miles 
 from Aughrim, on the road from 
 Ballinasloe to Aughrim. In the 
 neighbourhood are the residences of 
 Oatfield and Eastwell. The district 
 round Ballydonellan is for the most 
 part rich pasture. 
 
 BALLYDONNELLY, or O' Don. 
 nell's Town , a townland in the parish 
 of Donaghmore, county of Tyrone, 
 consisting of probably 1000 acres, on 
 which is Castle-Caulfield almost in 
 ruins, the property of the Earl of 
 Charlemont, near the village of Caul- 
 field. This fine specimen of the do- 
 mestic architecture of James I.’s reign 
 was erected by Sir Toby Caulfield, first 
 Lord Charlemont, a distinguished 
 English soldier, who had fought in 
 Spain and the Low Countries during 
 the reign of Elizabeth, and command- 
 ed a company in the war with O’Neill, 
 Earl of Tyrone. The Queen granted 
 him a part of the subjugated Earl’s 
 estate, and at the accession of King 
 James he received the honour of 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 knighthood, was made governor of 
 the Fort of Charlemont, and of the 
 counties of Tyrone and Armagh. He 
 received additional grants of land at 
 the Plantation of Ulster , as the colo- 
 nization of that province by English 
 and^Scotish families is called. Among 
 these grants was Ballydonnelly, on 
 which, in 1614, he commenced tiie 
 erection of the present Castle-Caul- 
 field, on the site of an ancient castle 
 or fort called Fort O’ Donallie, or 
 O’ Donnelly, the residence of the chief 
 of that name before the confiscation 
 of the Northern counties. The second 
 Lord Charlemont added a large gate- 
 house with towers, and also a strong 
 keep. This Castle was taken and 
 burnt in 1641 by Patrick O’Donnelly, 
 surnamed Moder, or the Gloomy, in 
 I the absence of Toby, third Lord 
 | Charlemont, who was with his family 
 1 commanding the fort of Charlemont, 
 
 I which was treacherously seized by Sir 
 j Phelim O’Neil about the same time. 
 Sir Phelim pretended to take Lord 
 Charlemont under his protection, hut 
 his Lordship was barbarously mur- 
 dered, on the 1st of March 1641-2, by 
 the direction, it appears, of that cruel 
 and savage leader, whose memory is 
 odious for this and other inhuman 
 actions. 
 
 BALLYDRASHANE. See Bal- 
 
 DRASHANE. 
 
 BALLYDRYHED, a small village 
 not far from the post-town of Co- 
 loony, in that part of the parish of 
 Ballisodare which is in the Barony of 
 Teraghrill. 
 
 BaLLYDUFF, a parish which is 
 an impropriate curacy in the Barony 
 of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry, nine 
 miles from Dingle. Population, 295. 
 
 BALLYDUFF, a parish in the Ba- 
 rony of Middlethird, county and Dio- 
 cese of Waterford. Population in 
 1831, 420. See Portlaw. 
 
 BALLYDUFF, a village in the 
 parish of Stradbally, Queen’s County. 
 
 BALLYDUFF, a village in the 
 parish of Carmoney, county of An. 
 j trim, not far from Belfast, which is 
 the post-town. 
 
 101 
 
 BALLYDUGAN, a locality in the 
 county of Galway, at which com- 
 mences the fine and fertile tract of 
 land, a branch of the celebrated gold 
 vein of Limerick, and continuing with 
 little interruption to Ballydonnellan, 
 Killrinkle, Eastwell, Oatfield, Augh- 
 rim, and Ballinasloe. 
 
 BALLYEASTON, a parish in the 
 upper half of the Barony and county 
 of Antrim, and Diocese of Down, con- 
 sidered to be composed of the parishes 
 of Ballycor and Rashee. In this pa- 
 rish are the villages of Ballyeaston 
 and Bally dure. Population in 1831, 
 5892. 
 
 BALLYEDMUND, a small village 
 romantically situated upwards of two 
 miles from Kilteely, near the road 
 from Newtownbarry to Ross. 
 
 BALLYELLA BAY, an open bay 
 on the coast of Clare, south-west of 
 Liscanor, at the west entrance of 
 which is Ballyella Point. The an- 
 chorage in this bay, and on the whole 
 Malbay shore, is insecure during gales 
 from the north and south-west. 
 
 BALLYELLEN, a village on the 
 river Barrow, at which are very ex- 
 tensive flour-mills, having the newest 
 and most improved machinery, with 
 corn stores, and other accommoda- 
 tion. This village is situated in pro- 
 bably the best corn district in Ireland. 
 
 BALLYELLEN, in which is the 
 village so called, a parish and vicarage, 
 partly in the Barony of Idrone, and 
 partly in the Barony of Mullins, 
 county of Carlow, and Diocese of 
 Leiglilin, annexed to the parishes of 
 Lorum and Slyguff. Post-town, Graig. 
 
 BALLYEO, an ancient name of the 
 town of Slane, called also Fir- Feic, an 
 abbreviation of a very unpronounce- 
 able expression, signifying the graves 
 of the herdsmen, from a number of 
 herdsmen whom tradition alleges to 
 have been slain and buried there. It 
 is alleged that St Patrick rested at 
 Ballyeo, or Slane, the night previous 
 to his arrival at the royal palace of 
 Tara, the halls of which, it is said, 
 resounded with that celebrated saint’s 
 eloquence, and the Druidical priests 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 listened in astonishment. A bishop- 
 ric and monastery were subsequently 
 founded at this place by one St Eire, 
 or St Ere. 
 
 BALLYFEARD, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Kinnalea, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, upwards 
 of five miles from the post-town of 
 Kinsale. In 1837, by the incumbency 
 becoming vacant, the vicarage was 
 suspended, but, on account of the ne- 
 ; cessities of the parish, a curate was 
 ! appointed, with an annual stipend of 
 L.75, and “the residue of the yearly 
 | profits of the benefice has been di- 
 i rected to be set apart for the rebuild- 
 : ing of the parish church.” Popula- 
 i tion, 1337. 
 
 BALLYFERIS POINT, a head- 
 land on the coast of Down, in the pa- 
 rish of St Andrews, at the extremity 
 of the reef stretching into the sea, 
 known as the Ballyicalter Long Rock , 
 dangerous to mariners. Near it, to 
 the south, lies the other still more 
 dangerous reef called Scalmartin. 
 
 BALLYFERMOTT, a very small 
 parish and curacy united with Chapel- 
 Izod and Palmerstown on the Liffey, 
 nearly four miles from Dublin. It lies 
 on the Liffev, and abounds with hand- 
 some villas. Here are the ruins of a 
 castle. At Killeen is an extensive 
 paper manufactory, which resembles 
 a small town, and in the parish a glue 
 and parchment work. Population in 
 1831, 402. 
 
 BALLYFERNON, a village in the 
 parish of Borros, county of Roscom- 
 mon. Several fairs are held, and a 
 weekly market is established. 
 
 B A LL YFIN, a chapelry in the parish 
 of Borros, Queen's County, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin, about four miles 
 from the post-town of Maryborough. 
 The mansion of Ballyfin (Coote, Bart.) 
 is on the slope of the Slieve-Bloomer 
 Hills, and is a fine specimen of Grecian 
 architecture. The plantations are 
 extensive, and extending considerably 
 along the sides of the hills, almost 
 unite with those of the elegant man- 
 sion of Cappard. 
 
 BALLYFOILE, also called Poll- 
 102 
 
 plicke , a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Kinnalea, county and Diocese 
 of Cork, about nine miles from Kin- 
 sale. Population in 1831, 1291. 
 
 BALLYFORAN, a village in the 
 parish of Taughboy, and county of 
 Roscommon, ten miles from Athlone, 
 on the road to Ballinamore. Near it 
 are two small lakes, and the mansion 
 of Clareville. Near this the county 
 of Galway is entered by a bridge over 
 the Suck. In the village are held 
 seven annual fairs. 
 
 BALLYGAD, a village not far 
 from Arvagli, in the county of Lei- 
 trim. 
 
 BALLYGAR, a village three miles 
 from Ballinamore, on the road to the 
 town of Roscommon, near which are 
 the fine residences and demesnes of 
 Castle-Kelly, Mount Talbot, and 
 Rookwood, beautifully situated on the 
 banks of the Suck. 
 
 BALLYGARTH. See Balli- 
 
 GARTH. 
 
 BALLYGARUFF, a village in the 
 parish of Templetoher, county of 
 Galway. Post-town, Ballymoe. 
 
 BALLYGAWLEY, a market town 
 in the parish of Ballinasaggart, county 
 of Tyrone, three miles from Auglina- 
 cloy, on a road from Dublin to Lon- 
 donderry, remarkably neat, clean, and 
 in an improving condition. It has a 
 neat parish church and a Presbyterian 
 meeting-house. Here are a distillery 
 and brewery ; some linen is manu- 
 factured, and a very considerable trade 
 in gloves is carried on — an article in 
 popular demand. Fairs are held in 
 June, September, and November. The 
 Ballygawley mountains are in the 
 vicinity. 
 
 BALLYGELLY HE AD, a singular 
 basaltic cliff in the parish of Cairn- 
 Castle, on the east coast of the county 
 of Antrim. Immediately under the 
 cliff, but elevated on a rock insulated 
 at high water, are the ruins of Cairn- 
 Castle, of which many tales and tradi- 
 tions are still preserved. 
 
 BALLYGIBBON, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Upper 
 Ormond, county of Tipperary, and 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 Diocese of Killaloe, one of the four 
 parishes forming the Union of Bally- 
 mackey, upwards of five miles from 
 Money gall. Population in 1831, 1074. 
 
 BALLYGLASS, a small village 
 three miles from Hollymount, on the 
 road to Castlebar, and two from 
 Newbrook, the seat of Lord Clan- 
 morris. 
 
 BALLYGORMAN, a village in the 
 parish of Cloncha, county of Done- 
 gal, not far from the post-town of 
 Carn. It is at the extremity of Malin 
 Head, and is said to be the most 
 northerly village in Ireland. Near 
 I it is a signal tower, and in the vicinity 
 a small pier and harbour. 
 
 BALLYGOURNEY, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Inis- 
 killy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 ! Cloyne, four miles from the episcopal 
 ; city of Cloyne. See Cloyne. 
 
 | BALLYGRANNY, a village in the 
 parish of Ballisodare, Sligo, three 
 miles from Colooney. 
 
 BALLYGREGAN, a parish in the 
 ; Barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, 
 i and Diocese of Cloyne, united with 
 : the vicarage of Wallstown, and rec- 
 : tory and vicarage of Bridgetown. 
 Post-town, Fermoy. See Bridge- 
 
 i TOWN. 
 
 BALLYGRIFFIN, a parish and 
 j entire rectory in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel, and a part of the 
 Union of Athassel, upwards of four 
 miles from Cashel. Population in 
 1831, 1383. 
 
 B ALLYGUNN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Ida, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Dublin. 
 Post-town, Ross. 
 
 BALLYGUNNER, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Gualtier, county and Diocese of 
 Waterford, annexed to the contiguous 
 parishes of Ballinakill, Kilmacleague, 
 and Kilmacombe. The river Suir 
 is the northern boundary. The rec- 
 torial tithes of Ballygunner are the 
 property of the Dean and Chapter of 
 Waterford. A fair is held in the 
 village on the 19th of September. 
 
 103 
 
 Population, 708. Post-office, Passage- 
 East. 
 
 BALLYGURRUM, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ida, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 ecclesiastically united to the parishes 
 of Desertmore, Kilmakavogue, Rath- 
 patrick, Rosbercon, and Shanbagh, 
 upwards of five miles from New Ross. 
 
 It is situated on the Barrow, and the 
 village is near the confluence of the 
 Suir with that river. Population, 
 613. 
 
 BALLYHACK, a small village in 
 the parish of Dunbrody, county of 
 Wexford, 14 miles from the episcopal 
 city of Waterford, twelve miles from 
 Taghmon, and 85 miles from Dublin, 
 finely situated on the shore of the 
 capacious bay of Waterford Harbour. 
 Adjoining it is Dunbrody, a seat of 
 a branch of the Noble Family of Chi- 
 chester, Lord Templemore in the 
 Peerage of the United Kingdom. 
 Opposite the village is that of Pas- 
 sage-East, formerly a thriving but 
 now decayed place, in the county of 
 Waterford. The Harbour narrows 
 between these two villages about half 
 a mile, and there is a regular ferry. 
 Three miles above Ballyhack are the 
 fine ruins of Dunbrody Abbey, found- , 
 ed in 1178, and three miles below it is 
 Duncannon Fort, erected in 1588. 
 The village is said to have been an- 1 
 ciently the seat of a Commandery 
 belonging to the Priory of Kilmain- 1 
 ham, and subordinate to that of Kil- 
 clogan. The name is said to be a 
 corruption of Ballyhake or Hake's - 
 town , from the quantities of that fish 
 brought for sale. 
 
 BALLYHAISE, an improving 
 town about 3± miles from Cavan, on 
 the Annalee river. Weekly markets 
 are held, and there are extensive 
 corn-mills in the vicinity. Bally haise 
 House, and extensive plantations, and 
 Lisnagowan House, are fine residen- 
 ces. The Market House is a curious 
 structure, built on arches. 
 
 B ALL YH ALBERT, a fishing vil- 
 lage in the parish of St Andrews, 
 county of Down, on a small bay 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 formed by a cape, at the extremity of 
 which is Bury Island. 
 
 BALLYHANE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Carragh, county 
 of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam. 
 Fairs are held on July 4 and August 
 29. Population, 3734. 
 
 BALLYHASSIG, a village in the 
 parish of Ballinaboy, county of Cork. 
 Fairs are held in May, June, August, 
 and September. 
 
 BALLYHAUNIS, a small and poor 
 post-town in the parish of Annagh, 
 county of Mayo, nine miles from 
 Castlerea. It anciently had a monas- 
 tery of Augustine Friars dedicated to 
 the Virgin Mary. Fairs are held in 
 June, July, September, and October. 
 
 BALLYHAURA, a village in the 
 parish of Bothon, county of Cork. 
 
 BALLYHAYS. See Ballyhaise. 
 
 BALLYHEA, or Ballyhay, a 
 parish and prebend partly in the 
 Barony of Orrery and Kilmore, and 
 partly in the Barony of Fermoy, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. The post-town of Charle- 
 ville is about four miles distant. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1591. 
 
 BALLYHEAGUE, or Bally- 
 hogue, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Shelmalier, county of W ex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns, in the 
 neighbourhood of the post-town of 
 Enniscorthy. Population, 928. 
 
 BALLYHEIGE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Clanmaurice, 
 county of Kerry, and Diocese of Ard- 
 fert, with a village of its name. Popu- 
 lation, 3766. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 BALLYHEIGE, or Kerry Head, 
 in the parish so called, a cape at the 
 extremity of the promontory which 
 separates Ballyheigue Bay from the 
 mouth of the Shannon, on the south 
 side. This cape was formerly often 
 mistaken by mariners for Cape 
 Lane, or Loop Head, on the north 
 side of the Shannon mouth, and many 
 disasters were the consequences ; but 
 the erection of a Light-house on the 
 latter has in a great measure lessened 
 the dangers of this part of the coast. 
 
 BALLYHEIGH, a scattered vil- 
 104 
 
 lage in the neighbourhood of Dingle, j 
 at which are curious old circular j 
 Danish inclosures. 
 
 BALLYHEIGUE BAY, a spacious 
 Bay, separated from the mouth of the 
 Shannon by the promontory of its j 
 name, which extends on its north 
 side, and the headland running out 
 from the old episcopal city of Ard- 
 fert, and forming the entrance into 
 Tralee Bay, on the south. In this 
 direction are the Seven Hogs, or Ma- 
 gharee Islands. The shores are bleak 
 and bold ; the whole extent of the 
 coast in this quarter is exposed to 
 the full swell of the Atlantic, and the 
 small inlet near Ardfert is the only 
 shelter or harbour. The surround- 
 ing country is bare, but contains a ! 
 considerable population. On the coast j 
 are several sand-hills covered with 
 sedgy grass, and these hills are in j 
 some respects barriers to the devas- ] 
 tation which would be occasioned by j 
 the action of the waves on the shore, i 
 The strand is flat, and during wester- j 
 ly winds breakers of great magnitude ! 
 roll into the Bay, endangering the 
 safety of any vessel. The deeper 
 water is at the north end of the Bay 
 near Kerry Head, and in this direc- 
 tion is the village of Ballyheige. 
 
 BALLYHIGHLAND, a small vil- 
 lage a few miles from Killeshandra, in 
 the county of Cavan. Fairs are held 
 here on the day before Trinity Sun- 
 day, and on the 21st of May. The 
 residence of Ballyhighland is near 
 lead mines, again in operation in 
 1 841. Two miles from Ballyhighland 
 village is the demesne of Coolbawn ; 
 the mansion-house is a fine modern 
 edifice in the Elizabethan style ; and 
 the plantations connect with those of 
 Castleboro, the seat of Lord Carew. 
 
 BALLYHOE LOUGH, a small lake 
 about four miles from the prettily 
 situated village of Drumcorra, in the 
 county of Meath, on the borders of 
 Monaghan county, on the road to 
 Carrickmacross. The surrounding 
 country is generally hilly, and varied 
 with low meadow lands, marshes, bogs, 
 and small lakes. 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAL 
 
 B ALLYHOLM BAY, a remarkably 
 fine sandy bay in the Barony of Ardes, 
 county of Down, adjoining Groom’s 
 Port. It affords safe anchorage at 
 all times for sloops. 
 
 B ALLYHOOL Y, or Aghultie, a 
 parish annexed to the vicarage of 
 Killathy, in the Barony of Fermoy, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. 
 The village is beautifully situated on 
 the Blackwater, amid romantic scene- 
 ry. Convamore is a handsome mo- 
 dern mansion. A fair is held on the 
 26th of August. Population, 2297. 
 Post-town, Fermoy. 
 
 BALLYHOWARD, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Puddlebrien, 
 eounty and Diocese of Limerick, one 
 of the eight parishes constituting the 
 corps of the Deanery of Limerick. 
 See Limerick. 
 
 BALLYHOWEL, a village in the 
 parish of Drumlace, county of Lei- 
 trim, not far from Manor-Hamil- 
 ton. 
 
 BALLYHUSKERD, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, being a part of the Union of 
 Enniscorthy. Population in 1831, 
 2487. See Enniscorthy. 
 
 BALLYINGLY, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy annexed to Bally- 
 mitty in the Union of Horetown, Ba- 
 rony of Shelmalier, county of Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns, seven 
 miles from the post-town of Tagh- 
 mon. 
 
 BALLYJAMESDUFF, a small 
 town known by this eccentric name, 
 which literally means the Town of 
 James Duff, in the parish of Castle- 
 raghan, county of Cavan, upwards of 
 six miles from the little town of Vir- 
 ginia, on the road to Cavan. Near 
 the town is a spacious lake. Coal 
 was formerly worked in the vicinity 
 by Alderman Be van. Several fairs 
 are held here throughout the year, 
 and a weekly market. 
 
 BALLYKEANE, or Killeighly, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Philipstown, King’s County, and 
 Diocese of Kildare, upwards of four 
 105 
 
 miles from Portarlington. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 2415. 
 
 BALLYKEERAN, a small and 
 poor hamlet on Lough Rhee, not far 
 from Lishoy village, the “ Sweet Au- 
 burn” of Oliver Goldsmith, on the 
 road from Atlilone to Galway. 
 
 BALLYKELLY, a village in the 
 parish of Tamlaght-Finlagan, county 
 of Londonderry, two miles from New- 
 ton-Limavady. It has a very elegant 
 Presbyterian meeting-house, and a 
 charity school for 50 boys, endowed 
 in 1752 by Marcus Earl of Tyrone, 
 father of the first Marquis of Water- 
 ford, with 46 acres of land held on 
 lease from the Fishmonger Company. 
 The mansion of Walworth Wood, on 
 a part of the estates of this Company, 
 is a little beyond the village, and in 
 the demesne are the remains of a cas- 
 tle, said to have been erected by the 
 Fishmongers in 1619. 
 
 BALLYKEOGUE, a parish and 
 impropriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Shelmalier, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, on the banks of the 
 Slaney River. It is united to the 
 parishes of Killurin, Kilbride- Glin, 
 Chapel Charon, and Whitechurch- 
 Glin. 
 
 BALLYKEROGUE, a village in 
 the parish of Clonea, county of W a- 
 terford, in the neighbourhood of Dun- 
 gar van. 
 
 B ALLYKETT, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kilrush, and four miles from 
 the town of Kilrush. Fairs are held 
 on the Thursday before Whitsunday, 
 and in July, August, and December. 
 
 BALLYLAGHAN, a small village 
 in the parish of Strade, and county of 
 Mayo, on the rivulet Guishdin, near 
 Lough Conn, and on the road from 
 Foxford to Ballinrobe. 
 
 BALLYLAHEAN, also Ballyla - 
 meen , and BallyavUeen , a parish, im- 
 propriate rectory and vicarage, united 
 with the parishes of Conea and Strad- 
 bally, in the Barony of Upper Hurd, 
 county of Waterford, and Diocese of 
 Lismore. It is bounded on the east 
 by the Mahon river, and is three miles 
 in length by two in breadth. About 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 the middle of the parish is a strong 
 square tower inclosed by a curtain 
 wall, erected by one of the Jordan 
 family, a personage who is said to 
 have had ten stalwart sons, for each 
 of whom he erected a castle in differ- 
 ent parts of the country. Kilmac- 
 thomas is the post-town. Popula- 
 tion, 2977. 
 
 B ALLYLANEY, a small island on 
 the coast of Galway, in the Barony of 
 Ballynahinch. 
 
 B ALLYLARKIN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Cranagh, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, about two miles from the 
 post-town of Freshford. 
 
 BALLYLAUGHAN, a townland 
 in the neighbourhood of Leighlin 
 Bridge, Barony of Idrone, and county 
 of Carlow, noted as the site of one of 
 the ancient castles of the Kings of 
 Leinster. 
 
 BALLYLEAGUE, a suburb of the 
 straggling town of Lanesborough on 
 the Connaught side of the Shannon. 
 It is principally composed of an as- 
 semblage of wretched cabins. 
 
 BALLYLENAN, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Shelmalier, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, one of the six pa- 
 rishes forming the Union of Hore- 
 town. See Horetown. 
 
 BALLYLICKEY, a harbour in 
 Bantry Bay, which receives the Ou- 
 vane stream, on the banks of which 
 are the residences of Ballylickey and 
 Laharan, and near the entrance are 
 the ruins of Rindisart Castle. 
 
 BALLYLIFFIN, a small village in 
 the parish of Donagh, county of Do- 
 negal, situated near the Atlantic, and 
 close to the Island of Doagh. It is 
 four miles from Carn, from which the 
 road to the village is on the south 
 side of Trawbreag'a Bay. Fairs are 
 held in January, March, June, and 
 October. 
 
 BALLYLINAN, a village in the 
 parish of Killabin, Queen’s County, 
 not far from Atliy, on the road from 
 that town to Castlecomer. 
 
 BALLYLINCH, a parish and vi- 
 106 
 
 carage in the Barony of Gowran, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, one of those constituting the 
 Union of Burnchurch. 
 
 BALLYLINNY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the lower Half Barony of 
 Belfast, county of Antrim, and Dio- 
 cese of Connor, on the Six-Mile-Wa- 
 ter. It is united with the rectory of 
 Ballymartin and the vicarage of Car- 
 money. Population in 1831, 2412. 
 
 BALLYLONGFORD, a town in 
 the parish of Aghavalagh, county of 
 Kerry, situated at the mouth of one 
 of the numerous rivulets, which in 
 the district enter the Shannon. Near 
 the town is the island of Carrigafoyle.. 
 The improvements in the navigation 
 of the Shannon will likely make 
 Ballylongford a place of some trade 
 and importance, as the enlargement 
 occasioned by the meeting of the 
 stream and tide ensures a safe and 
 commodious anchorage. In the Se- 
 cond Report of the Commissioners it 
 is stated of Ballylongford : — “ It is of 
 some importance, in as much as it 
 offers a direct means of shipment for 
 the produce of the neighbouring dis- 
 trict. A small quay has long been 
 erected at Saleen, but being in a bad 
 situation, and not equal to the present 
 traffic, it is proposed to erect a new 
 one lower down the river, arranged 
 in such a manner as to be capable of 
 easy extension if required, the esti- 
 mate amounting to L.1839. Owing 
 to the bar at the entrance of the creek, 
 and its very winding channel, it is 
 subjected to the great inconvenience 
 of being accessible only to the trade 
 boats at high water.” 
 
 BALLYLOOHERA. See Bally- 
 
 DELOHAR. 
 
 BALLYLOUGH, a demesne about 
 two miles from Bushmills, on the 
 road to the Giant’s Causeway, in 
 which are some remains of the old 
 castle of Ballylough. 
 
 B ALLYLOUGHLOE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Clonlonan, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath, five miles from the post- 
 town of Moate. Besides a parochial 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAL 
 
 BAL 
 
 school for boys and girls, a school for 
 twelve girls is supported by the Right 
 Hon. Lady Castlemaine. Population 
 in 1831, 4379. 
 
 BALLYLOUGHNANE, a village 
 not far from Parsonstown, near which 
 are several extensive corn-mills, and 
 in the vicinity neat villas and im- 
 proved farms. 
 
 BALLYMACADANE, a townland 
 in the Barony of Barretts, county of 
 Cork, on which are the ruins of a mon- 
 astery either for monks or for nuns of 
 the Augustine order, founded about 
 1450, by Cormac Maccarthy. 
 
 BALLYMACANDAN. See Tuo- 
 
 MASTOWN. 
 
 BALLYMACART, or Aglishve- 
 nan, a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Decies-without-Drum, county 
 of Waterford, and Diocese of Lismore, 
 situated on St George’s Channel. The 
 cape or headland of Ballymacart, 
 which is called Mine-Head, is promi- 
 nent on the coast. 
 
 BALLYMACARTHY, a village in 
 the parish of Kilmaloda, county of 
 Cork, on the road from Bandon to 
 Clonakelty. Here are very extensive 
 flour-mills. This village was the 
 scene of an obstinate engagement be- 
 tween the Westmeath militia and the 
 insurgents in 1798. 
 
 BALLYMACDUN, a parish and 
 curacy in the Barony of Balrothery, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 It is a constituent part of the Union 
 of Clonmethon. The village is about 
 16 miles from Dublin. It is said that 
 an anchoress resided in a cell in this 
 parish, and she claimed a certain rent 
 charge from the Prioress of Grace- 
 Dieu. The ruins of a chapel still 
 exist. Population in 1831, 475. 
 
 BALLYMACELLIGOT, a parish 
 and entire rectory in the Barony of 
 Trughanackmy, county of Kerry, and 
 annexed Dioceses of Ardfert and Agha- 
 doe, united with the parishes of Cur- 
 rens and Nohovale. It is about six 
 miles distant from Tralee, and has 
 several schools. Population in 1831, 
 3535. 
 
 BALLYMACHUGH, a parish and 
 107 
 
 vicarage in the Barony of Clonmahon, 
 county of Cavan, and annexed Diocese 
 of Ardagh, one of the five parishes 
 constituting the Union of Granard. 
 Population, 3428. Post-town, Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 BALLYMACKEY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Upper Ormond, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Killaloe, about six 
 miles from the post-town of Nenagh. 
 According to the official Report, in 
 June 1837, the Lord-Lieutenant and 
 Privy Council of Ireland, on the re- 
 commendation of the Commissioners, 
 suspended the “ appointment of a 
 clerk to the sinecure rectory of Bally- 
 mack ey, it appearing from the infor- 
 mation then received to have been 
 episcopally united to the vicarage of 
 Ballymackey, which formed part of 
 the corps of the Chancellorship of 
 Killaloe.” The Commissioners sub- 
 sequently discovered that letters pa- 
 tent had passed in the reign of Charles 
 II., “whereby it appears that this 
 rectory was granted to and for the 
 use of the vicar,” and the suspension 
 was consequently removed. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3066. 
 
 BALLYMACKIL, or Ballyna- 
 kill, a parish and curacy in the 
 Barony of Salt, county of Kildare, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, in the Union 
 of Celbridge. See Celbridge. 
 
 BALLYMACKNAY, a village in 
 the county of Monaghan, near Lough 
 Monally, on the cross road leading to 
 Dundalk. Bally macknay House is in 
 the vicinity. 
 
 B ALLYMACLENNY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Clonmahon, 
 county of Cavan, and annexed Dio- 
 cese of Ardagh, constituting with 
 four other parishes the Union of 
 Granard. 
 
 BALLYMACORMACK, a parish 
 and rectory in the Baronies of Ar- 
 dagh and Moydow, county of Long- 
 ford, and annexed Diocese of Ardagh, 
 united with the parishes of Killaloe 
 and Templemichael. Population in 
 1831,3935. 
 
 BALLYMACWARD, a parish and 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 vicarage in the Baronies of Kilconnel 
 and Tyaquin, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Clonfert and Kidmacluagh, 
 united with four contiguous parishes. 
 The small village of Ballymacward is 
 surrounded by the improving estate 
 of the Earl of Clancarty, whose ten- 
 antry enjoy comfortable houses. In 
 the vicinity are the residences of 
 Mount Bernard, Vermount, andCor- 
 gery. Population, 4995. Post-town, 
 Castle-Blakeney. 
 
 BALLYMAC WILLIAM, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of War- 
 renstown, King’s County, and Diocese 
 of Kildare, upwards of five miles from 
 the post-town of Edenderry. The 
 schoolhouse was founded by Lord 
 Trimlestown, and is very advantage- 
 ously situated. Population, 1156. 
 
 BALLYMADUN. See Bally- 
 
 MACDUN. 
 
 BALLYMAGANY, a village in the 
 parish of Oldcastle, county of Meath, 
 about a mile and a half from the 
 post-town of Oldcastle. 
 
 BALLYMAGARVEY, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, united with the 
 parishes of Darristown and Kents- 
 town, in the Barony of Upper Duleek, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Ad- 
 joining the Bog of Garristowm is an 
 extensive common, on which are 
 numbers of cabins inhabited by poor 
 and squalid families. Population, 
 360. Post-town, Slaney. 
 
 BALLYMAGAURAN, or Gowran, 
 a village in the parish of Templeport, 
 county of Cavan, five miles from 
 Ballinamore. Fairs are held in May, 
 August, and November. 
 
 BALLYMAGLASSON, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Rataoth, 
 county and Diocese of Meath, about 
 five miles from the post-town of 
 Dunshaughlin. Population in 1831, 
 631. 
 
 BALLYMAGORRY, a village in 
 the parish of Strabane, county of Ty- 
 rone, two miles from the town of 
 Strabane. 
 
 BALLYMAHON, a small town in 
 the parish of Abbeyshruel, county of 
 Longford, 14£ miles from Mullingar, 
 108 
 
 and 53^ miles from Dublin, on the 
 banks of the Inny, which is here 
 crossed by an elegant bridge of five 
 lofty and well constructed arches. 
 The town chiefly consists of one 
 wide street, stretching along the 
 side of a gently sloping hill. It is 
 advantageously situated for inland 
 trade, being at no great distance 
 from Longford, Edgeworthstown, 
 Moate, Atlilone, and Lanesborough ; 
 but, except the weekly corn-market, 
 little business is carried on. The 
 Royal Canal from Dublin touches the 
 town. The only public buildings 
 are the parish church, the Roman 
 Catholic Chapel, and the Market 
 House. Fairs are held in May, Au- 
 gust, and November, and on the day 
 before Ash- Wednesday. The Inny 
 falls into Lough Ree, about three 
 miles below the town. The sur- 
 rounding country is agreeably diversi- 
 fied. Mr Inglis thus notices Ballyma- 
 hon in 1834 : — “ This is a town about 
 ten miles from Athlone, and capable 
 of much improvement. A very fer- 
 tile country surrounds it ; it is suffi- 
 ciently near water communication; 
 and some idea may be formed of the 
 extent of its market when I mention, 
 that from L.300 to L.400 worth of 
 eggs have been sold on one mar- 
 ket day. The tow r n and its capabi- 
 lities are, however, utterly neglect- 
 ed by the proprietor, who grants no 
 leases, and acts, as a great majority of 
 landlords do, as if he had no interest 
 in the permanent improvement of his 
 property.” 
 
 BALLYMAKENNY, a parish and 
 perpetual curacy partly in the county 
 of the town of Drogheda, and partly in 
 the Barony of Ferrard, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 See Drogheda. 
 
 BALLYMANNY, a parish and 
 rectory, united with Killishy or Kil- 
 lashee, in the Baronies of Connel and 
 Ophaly, county and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare. In the village of its name fairs 
 are held in April, August, and No- 
 vember. It is about six miles from 
 Kildare. 
 
BAL 
 
 BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 B ALL YM ANUS, a townland in the 
 Barony of Ballinacor, county of Wick- 
 low, chiefly remarkable for the an- 
 cient seat of the Byrnes, or O’ Byrnes, 
 mentioned by the Poet Spencer as the 
 lords of the Barony in his time. 
 
 BALLYMARTIN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Belfast, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, united with the vicarages of 
 Carmoney and Ballilinny. Popula 
 tion, 721. Post-town, Ballyclare. 
 
 BALLYMARTLE, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Kin- 
 nalea, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 upwards of five miles from Kinsale. 
 Population, 1703. 
 
 BALLYMARTYR. See Castle- 
 martyr. 
 
 BALLYMASCANLON, a parish 
 and curacy in the Half-Barony of 
 Lower Dundalk, county of Louth, 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh, about 
 nine miles in length and five and a 
 half miles in breadth. It extends 
 along the coast, and a small inlet is 
 known as Bally scanlon Bay. The 
 river Flurry, which rises in a bog 
 north-east of the Slieve-Gullin Moun- 
 tain, traverses the parish in its course 
 to the sea at Dundalk, and is joined 
 at Ballymascanlon by a rivulet called 
 the Pluister. The Flurry is amply stor- 
 ed with trout and salmon, and fiat fish 
 and other kinds are taken in abund- 
 ance off the extensive shore reaching 
 to the Bay of Dundalk. A small lake 
 gives its name to the townland of 
 Loughanmore. A considerable range 
 of mountains is in the eastern part of 
 the parish, extending nearly north 
 and south about seven miles, covered 
 with heath, but affording tolerable 
 pasture during the summer. These 
 mountains are supposed to contain 
 valuable iron mines, from the quan- 
 tity of chalybeate water which issues 
 from them. The turf bogs are few, 
 and the plantations are limited, those 
 in Ravensdale demesne being the 
 principal. Agriculture is in a greatly 
 improved state, and the implements 
 of husbandry are excellent. The 
 chief avocations are spinning and 
 109 
 
 weaving ; in 1816 there were two 
 bleach-greens, and a small starch 
 manufactory. Two patron days were 
 long held, one on Foughart Hill, on 
 the 1st of February, in honour of St 
 Bridget; and the other at a place 
 called Piedmont, on the 15th of Au- 
 gust, in honour of the Virgin Mary. 
 Near each patron locality is a holy 
 well. Besides the parish church there 
 ?re two Roman Catholic chapels. 
 The district contains several commo- 
 dious mansions, among which are Ra- 
 vensdale already mentioned ; another 
 Ravensdale, near the village so called, 
 Ballymascanlon House, Strandfield, 
 Mount- Pleasant, and Foughart. The 
 antiquities are some Danish farts, the 
 ruins of a church on the burying- 
 ground of Foughart Hill, and the re- 
 mains of the Castle of Ballymascanlon. 
 the seat of the family of Scanlon, from 
 whom the parish derives its name, 
 who were banished from Ireland by 
 James I. The Giant's Load is an 
 enormous stone resting on three sup- 
 porters, and is calculated to weigh 
 fifty tons. Population in 1839, 6339. 
 
 BALLYMENA, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Toome, county of Antrim, and Dio- 
 cese of Connor. The town of Bally- 
 mena is the chief object in the dis- 
 trict, and is the second tow n in the 
 county in point of trade and popula- 
 tion. It is situated in the centre of 
 a very extensive plain, greatly sub- 
 divided into small farms, and inter- 
 spersed with low hills, marshes, and 
 bogs, which extends from Lough 
 Neagh, bounded on the east by the 
 chain of hills stretching from Car- 
 rickfergus to the sea at Ballycastle, 
 and on the west by the rising grounds 
 lying along the Lower Bann river. 
 The Braid rivulet waters the town, 
 in its course to the Maine, which it 
 joins two miles below. The princi- 
 pal street is new and regularly built ; 
 in the centre of the town is the Mar- 
 ket House, an elegant edifice, having 
 a spire 60 feet in height ; and besides 
 the parish church, there are meeting- 
 houses for Presbyterians and Me- 
 
 K 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 thodists, but of no importance as 
 buildings. The linen trade is car- 
 ried on very extensively in Bally- 
 mena and the neighbourhood, and it 
 is stated that the brown linen sales 
 alone average L. 70,000 per annum. 
 Considerable business is also done in 
 the retail trade. In 1841 there were 
 fourteen bleachfields, a flax spinning- 
 mill, a distillery, and four Branch 
 Banks, viz. of the Provincial Bank of 
 Ireland, of the Northern Banking 
 Company, of the Belfast Banking 
 Company, and of the Ulster Banking 
 Company. At the weekly markets 
 large quantities of linen, corn, and 
 provisions, are sold for exportation ; 
 and fairs are held on the 26th of July 
 and the 21st of October. Upwards of 
 a mile from Ballymena, on the banks 
 of the Maine, are the village and Mo- 
 ravian settlement of Gracehill, the 
 latter established in 1746 ; and adjoin- 
 ing is Galgorm Castle, the seat of the 
 Earl of Mountcashel, beyond which, 
 in the direction of Ahoghill, are se- 
 veral neat villas. The country round 
 Ballymena is in a most improved 
 condition, and evinces the industry of 
 the inhabitants. The town is the 
 seat of a Presbytery of the united 
 body now designated the “ General 
 Assembly of the Presbyterian Church 
 in Ireland,” comprising in 1841 seve- 
 ral congregations ; but only one of the 
 congregations in the town was con- 
 nected with the “ Presbytery of Bal- 
 lymena,” the other being included in 
 the “ Presbytery of Connor.” Popu- 
 lation of the town in 1831, 4067. 
 
 BALLYMITTY, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony Shel- 
 malier, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, connected with the 
 Union of Taghmon. Population in 
 1831, 404. 
 
 BALLYMODAN, a parish and vi- 
 carage, partly in the Barony of East 
 Carbery, and partly in that of Kinal- 
 meaky, county and. Diocese of Cork, 
 containing part of the town of Ban- 
 don. See Bandon. 
 
 B ALL YMOE, a village in the coun- 
 ty of Galway, four miles from Castle- 
 110 
 
 rea, on the road to Tuam. This place 
 is greatly improving, and has well-at- 
 tended markets. At Ballymoe is a 
 considerable distillery, constructed on 
 the most improved and efficient prin- 
 ciples, surrounded by a fine tillage 
 district. 
 
 BALLYMOE, a Half Barony in the 
 county of Roscommon, between the 
 Barony of Ballintobber and the river 
 Suck, the other Half Barony lying in 
 the county of Galway. It comprises 
 23,309 English acres, of which 21,597 
 acres are arable, and the rest chiefly 
 bog. The surface is diversified by 
 hills, some of which are insulated, 
 and others connected in continuous 
 ridges, with flat bottoms or bog be- 
 tween them. The streams are in- 
 considerable, and all find their way 
 to the Suck, which in many respects 
 is a most appropriate name for that 
 river. The plantations and hedge- 
 rows are limited, except a few sur- 
 rounding the country mansions, of 
 which there are several in the Half 
 Barony. The soil is in many places 
 rich and fertile, and limestone and 
 limestone-gravel abound ; tillage is on 
 the increase ; but the greater propor- 
 tion of the surface is devoted to pas- 
 ture. According to Mr Weld, in 1832, 
 — “ good land rates from 24s. to 35s. 
 per acre, a valuation which implies a 
 diversity in the quality of the soil, 
 although fertile. Old pastures, if al- 
 lowed to be broken up, were valued 
 at from L.5 to L.6, but such prices, of 
 course, could only be maintained for 
 the first few crops.” The Half Ba- 
 rony of Ballymoe contains the four 
 parishes of Cloonigormican, recog- 
 nised in the Ecclesiastical Register 
 under the name of Ardclare , Drum- 
 temple, Donamon, and Oran, and 
 these comprise forty-nine townlands. 
 There are no towns, nor is there a 
 village of any note, but the district is 
 populous, and clusters or groups of 
 cabins, in winch children, rags, and 
 pigs, preponderate, are interspersed 
 in all directions, the adult inmates 
 not over fastidious as it regards their 
 personal condition. 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 BALLYMOE (HALF), is that por- 
 tion of the Barony of Ballymoe which 
 belongs to the county of Galway, se- 
 parated from the other Half Barony 
 in Roscommon by the Suck. It pre- 
 sents few features of remarkable im- 
 portance, and the habitations of the 
 peasantry are for the most part mi- 
 serable hovels. The fuel is generally 
 turf or peat, and the chief food pota- 
 toes. There are fewer bog tracts 
 than in some of the other Baronies of 
 the county, and the district may be 
 said to resemble in surface and soil 
 the Half Barony in Roscommon. See 
 Galway. 
 
 BALLYMONEY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of East Carbery, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, on the 
 river Bandon, about nine miles from 
 the post-town of Bandon. Population 
 in 1831, 3802. 
 
 BALLYMONEY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Dunluce and 
 Kilconway, county of Antrim, and 
 Diocese of Connor. The town of 
 Ballymoney is 109 miles from Dublin, 
 
 1 4 from Ballymena, and 22 from Ran- 
 dalstown. The country between Bal- 
 lymena and Ballymoney is for the 
 most part flat, boggy, and bleak, the 
 only interesting object, as it respects 
 scenery, being Lissanoure Castle, in a 
 very romantic and improved demesne, 
 the seat of the celebrated Earl Ma- 
 cartney. The town of Ballymena 
 stands on a small tributary of the 
 Lower Bann, and is very irregularly 
 built. The Town Hall, parish church, 
 and the meeting-houses of the Pres- 
 byterians, are all plain structures. 
 Although not so important as Bally- 
 mena, the town carries on the same 
 description of trade, and is rapidly 
 improving. It has a good monthly 
 linen market, and a large market for 
 dairy produce, chiefly for exporta- 
 tion. The surrounding country is 
 generally fertile, and the intercourse 
 has been benefited by the roads form- 
 ed to Ballycastle by Garry Bog, and 
 into the county of Derry across the 
 Bann at Agivey. Adjoining the town 
 are the mansions of O’Hara-Brook, 
 111 
 
 Leslie Hill, Greenville, Ballynacree, 
 and Moore Fort. The rectory of 
 Ballymoney was annexed by James I. 
 in 1609 to that of Tullaghmore, which, 
 with the vicarage of Dunluce, consti- 
 tute the Precentorship of Connor ; 
 but the rectorial tithes of these pa- 
 rishes were restored to the vicarages 
 by Act of the 5th Session of the United 
 Parliament. There are several schools, 
 and one in the town w r as erected part- 
 ly on the foundation of Erasmus 
 Smith, and partly by subscription. 
 Fairs are held at Ballymoney in May, 
 July, and October. Population in 
 1831, 2222 ; of parish, 7566. 
 
 BALLYMOON, a townland in the 
 Barony of Idrone, county of Carlow, 
 six miles from Leighlin bridge, is in a 
 wild district, and is only remarkable 
 for its ancient castle, or bawn , which 
 once belonged to the Kavanaghs, ele- 
 vated on the summit of a lofty rocky 
 eminence. It was evidently con- 
 structed for the twofold purpose of 
 securing the cattle, for which the > 
 Bawn is still used, and for securing ' 
 the mountain passes. The walls are- > 
 of rude masonry, originally about 30* 
 feet in height, but now reduced at 
 least ten feet, and inclosing an area of » 
 110 feet. The castle was entered by J 
 a portcullis on the south side ; and 
 two towers, some small apartments, 
 and other portions, still remain. At 
 this place, according to the ancient 
 traditionary history, was fought, on 
 the 16th of August, A.D. 908, a great 
 battle between the forces of Flann, 
 King of all Ireland, Cearbhal, King of 
 Leinster, and Cathal, King of Con- 
 naught, on the one side ; and those of 
 Cormac-mac-Culinan, King and Bi- 
 shop of Cashel, assisted by the chiefs 
 of Munster and Ossory. Cormac was 
 slain, and it is said that 6000 of his 
 followers fell in the field. 
 
 BALLYMORAN, also called Mo - 
 ranstoivn, and Almorilia, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Rathcon- 
 rath, county of Westmeath, and Dio- 
 cese of Meath, about three miles from 
 the post-town of Ballymore. It is 
 united to Piercetown. 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 BALLYMORE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Forth, county 
 of Wexford, and Archdiocese of Dub- 
 lin, about three miles from the post- 
 village of Broadway. It is one of the 
 parishes in the Union of Kilscoran. 
 Population in 1831, 522. 
 
 BALLYMORE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the lower half of the Barony 
 of Orior, county and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, containing the village of 
 Clare, and towns of Acton, Poyntz- 
 pass, and Tanderagree. There are 
 several schools. Population in 1831, | 
 7963. 
 
 BALLYMORE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Rathconrath, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath, but the town of Ballymore is 
 partly in the parish of Killare. It is 
 a poor straggling place about twelve 
 miles from Mullingar ; but the adja- 
 cent district is pleasant, in good cul- 
 tivation, and the peasantry in rather 
 a better condition than those of the 
 same class in other districts. Seve- 
 ral fairs are held. The town is near 
 a small lake, and was anciently a place 
 of some importance. It is said that 
 in 1383 Theobald de Vernon, Lord of 
 the manor of Ballymore, obtained the 
 privilege of a weekly market, and of a 
 fair, to continue fifteen days. An 
 abbey was founded here before A.D. 
 700; and a monastery for Gilbertine 
 canons, in honour of the Virgin Mary, 
 was also erected. Population in 1831, 
 3479. 
 
 BALLYMOREEN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Eliogarty, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Near the small hamlet of 
 Littleton are the residences of Bally- 
 moreen and Parkstown. Population 
 in 1831, 1237. 
 
 BALLYMORE-EUSTACE, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Uppercross. county and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin. It is insulated by the coun- 
 ties of Wicklow and Kildare, and 
 wholly detached from the county of 
 Dublin, of which, however, it is con- 
 sidered a portion. The village of 
 Ballymore-Eustace is pleasantly situ- 
 112 
 
 ated on the banks of the Liffey, up- 
 wards of four miles from Blessington, 
 and 18 miles from Dublin, and is or- 
 namented by Broomfield, a lodge of 
 the Earl of Mountcashel, the man- 
 sion of Ardenode, and several others. 
 In the neighbourhood, about a mile 
 from the village, is the celebrated 
 fall of the Liffey, known by the sin- 
 gular name of Phoul-a-Phuca , over 
 a shelving precipice, and one of the 
 most beautiful cataracts in Ireland. 
 The Liffey is crossed at Ballymore- 
 1 Eustace, at which is a very elegant 
 | bridge. The village or town is of 
 1 considerable antiquity, having been 
 | founded by the Eustace family after 
 the introduction of the English in the 
 reign of Henry II., and hence its 
 name. The ruins of Eustace Castle 
 still remain, and sufficiently intimate 
 its extent and strength when entire. 
 In the parish is the extensive tract 
 called the Commons of Broadlaise, 
 covered with Druidical remains. Up- 
 wards of two miles from Ballymore- 
 Eustace, and three from Blessing- 
 ton, is Russborough, the magnificent 
 seat of the Earl of Milltown, and one 
 of the most splendid specimens of 
 Grecian architecture in the kingdom. 
 The extensive facade of this mansion 
 has amost imposing appearance when 
 viewed from the road, and the land- 
 scape from the entrance front is re- 
 markably pleasing. This mansion 
 contains a valuable collection of ori- 
 ginal paintings. Fairs are held at 
 Ballymore-Eustace in August and 
 September, but the place is said to 
 have suffered severely by the altera- 
 tion of the mail road. Population of 
 parish in 1831, 2085. Post-town, 
 Blessington. 
 
 B ALLYMOTE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Donagbta, county of Galway. 
 Fairs are held in May, October, and 
 November. Post-town, Eyrecourt. 
 
 B ALLYMOTE, a small town in 
 the parish of Emlyfad, county of 
 Sligo, which possesses some linen 
 trade. The town is encircled by a 
 considerable extent of beautiful hills, 
 green and fertile, among which that 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAL 
 
 known as Kish Coran is conspicuous. 
 Six fairs are held in Ballymote 
 throughout the year. Near the town 
 are the ruins of the large and stately 
 castle of Ballymote, built by Richard 
 de Burgh, second Earl of Ulster, in 
 1300. It capitulated to General Ire- 
 ton in 1642. The sept or clan of the 
 MacDonoughs founded a small Fran- 
 ciscan abbey or monastery, the ruins 
 of which are close to the town, and 
 evince that it must have been an edi- 
 fice of excellent workmanship. At 
 the suppression of the religious 
 houses, this abbey was assigned to Sir 
 Henry Broncard, who conveyed it in 
 turn to Sir William Taafe, Knight. 
 Earlsford, the seat of the present pro- 
 prietor of Ballymote (Booth, Bart.), 
 also adjoins the town. 
 
 BALLYMO YER, a parish and per- 
 petual curacy in the Barony of Lower 
 Fewes, county and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh, forming part of the Union of 
 Armagh parish. The district con- 
 sists of one large townland of its 
 name, divided into eight small town- 
 lands, respectively called Ballintem- 
 ple, Aghnakirk, Tate, Corlet, Cava- 
 naghkill, Luiganach, Oughtlackin, and 
 Knockavannan, all held from the 
 Archbishop of Armagh, Lord Primate 
 of all Ireland. The parish comprises 
 4000 Irish acres. A great part of the 
 surface is mountainous, and there 
 was long no want of bog, but the in- 
 creasing population has caused a con- 
 siderable part both of mountain and 
 bog to be annually reclaimed, the 
 abundance of fuel being a strong in- 
 ducement to settle in the district. 
 Numbers of small rivers rise in the 
 mountains, and water the parish, 
 some falling into Dundalk Bay, and 
 others into Lough Neagh, below the 
 junction of three of which is a sub- 
 stantial corn-mill. Two lead mines 
 were formerly in operation, but have 
 been long deserted, as the working 
 was unproductive. Among the mi- 
 nerals may be mentioned excellent 
 quarries of blue field-stones, soap- 
 rock of good quality, potters’ earth, 
 with a number of brilliant cubic py- 
 113 
 
 rites, and ironstones. There are se- 
 veral villas, and the mansion built by 
 Sir Walter Synnot in the eighteenth 
 century is in a demesne beautifully 
 planted, and laid out with great taste. 
 The woods are extensive, and three 
 mountain-streams, after traversing 
 their respective glens, unite in the 
 lawn, forming a most romantic piece 
 of scenery. There are no antiquities 
 of any importance, except some cairns 
 in the mountains. The parish church 
 was erected in the reign of Charles I., 
 and part of the roof is of fine oak : 
 there is a Roman Catholic chapel, 
 but in the divisions of that church 
 the parish of Ballymoyer is a part of 
 the parish of Loughgilly. The dis- 
 trict has the advantage of good fairs 
 and markets at Newtown-Hamilton, 
 Port-Norris, and other places in the 
 vicinity. The principal avocation of 
 the peasantry is the weaving of linen, 
 in which women and children are 
 concerned; substantial broad-cloths, 
 blankets, druggets, and other articles, 
 are manufactured for domestic use ; 
 and there is a small trade in pigs and 
 the produce of the dairy. The ac- 
 count of the inhabitants, written in 
 1816 by the Rev. Joseph Ferguson, 
 curate of the parish, is still applica- 
 ble : — “ Neither poverty nor riches 
 have been allotted to the people of 
 this parish ; a few are in a compara- 
 tive state of opulence ; a large pro- 
 portion possess all the comforts of 
 life, and none are without its neces- 
 saries; beggars, who may be seen 
 here occasionally, are from other parts 
 of the country. Potatoes, oaten bread, 
 and porridge with milk, constitute a 
 principal part of their diet ; but few 
 are so poor as not to lay in a stock of 
 bacon and salt beef ; many make 
 cheese and butter, the former entire- 
 ly for their own consumption. Their 
 appearance on Sundays at their re- 
 spective places of worship is decent 
 and comfortable. The dress of both 
 males and females is frequently ma- 
 nufactured by themselves. Their 
 cottages are in general neatly thatch- 
 ed, and many of them whitewashed, 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 BALLYNACLACH. See Balli- 
 
 and roofed with foreign timber, as 
 the bog oak, which formerly supplied 
 them, is nearly exhausted. Their 
 feather-beds, curtains, quilts, sheets, 
 and blankets, are mostly manufactur- 
 ed in their own houses. The inside 
 of their dwellings is in general clean, 
 provided with every thing essential 
 to the comforts of a plain farmer, and 
 indicating a state of society not en- 
 tirely debarred from luxuries.” This 
 is a very pleasing picture of the rural 
 life and condition of the parishioners 
 of Ballymoyer, and compensates for 
 the subsequent statement, that “ some 
 remains of Pagan superstition still 
 exist, as also the belief in fairies, and 
 in lucky and unlucky days.” There 
 are several schools, and one on the 
 foundation of Erasmus Smith, erected 
 at N e wto wn-Hamilton, in the vicinity 
 of the district, is of great advantage 
 to the children, who are “ trained at 
 a very early period to habits of in- 
 dustry, by assisting their parents in 
 agriculture, spinning, and weaving.” 
 The population of this parisn is re- 
 turned with Armagh, to which parish 
 the perpetual curacy of Ballymoyer 
 belongs. Post-town, Armagh. 
 
 BALLYMULLEN, a stream in the 
 county of Kerry, which meanders 
 through a rich and greatly improved 
 district, about two miles from Tralee. 
 
 BALLYMURTAGH, a mountain 
 in the Barony of Arklow, county of 
 Wicldow, upwards of 1000 feet in 
 height, overlooking the vale and river 
 of the Avoca, and noted for its rich 
 copper ore. In 1755 the copper mines 
 of Ballymurtagh were very success- 
 fully worked by Mr Whaley, of Wha- 
 ley Abbey. In 1787 they were rented 
 by the Mining Company, who dis- 
 covered the Pary’s mine in Anglesea, 
 and subsequently they were leased to 
 the Hibernian Mining Company, by 
 whom they are now worked with suc- 
 cess. Opposite to the Ballymurtagh 
 mines are the copper mines of Cron- 
 bane, &c., also in long and successful 
 operation. See Wicklow. 
 
 BALLYNACARGY. See Balli- 
 
 NACARGY. 
 
 114 
 
 NACLACH. 
 
 BALLYNACLOGH. See Balli- 
 
 NACLOCH. 
 
 BALLYNACOR. See Ballina- 
 cor. 
 
 BALLYNACOtJR, a small village 
 in the parish of Castletown, county of 
 Westmeath, two miles from Castle- 
 town-Delvin. 
 
 BALLYNACOURTY. See Bal- 
 
 LINACOURTY. 
 
 BALLYNACURRA, a parish in 
 the Barony of Barrymore, county and 
 Diocese of Cork, united with the pa- 
 rish of Kilcarfin, or Kilturquin. Post- 
 town, Rathcormac. 
 
 BALLYNADRIMNA, or Ballina- 
 drtjmna, a parish in the Barony of 
 Carbery, county and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare. 
 
 B ALL YN AGAR. See B allin a- 
 gar. 
 
 BALLYNAGH. See Ballinagh. 
 
 BALLYNAGORRY, a village in 
 the parish of Leckpatrick, county of 
 Tyrone, two miles from Strabane. 
 Fairs are held in May, July, and No- 
 vember. 
 
 BALLYNAHAGLISH. See Bal- 
 linahaglish. 
 
 BALLYNAHASSACK, or Hassig, 
 a village in the parish of Ballinaboy, 
 county of Cork, situated at the head 
 of the Conbury, or Oyster-Haven 
 river, and a little south of a river 
 which rejoices in the name of Ony- 
 boy. Post-town, Band on. 
 
 BALLYNAHINCH, a Barony in 
 the county of Galway, the surface of 
 which is rocky and mountainous, and 
 chiefly adapted for pasture. The 
 northern part of this Barony, includ- 
 ing the Barony of Ross in the same 
 county* is commonly called the Joyce 
 Country , and the southern part is 
 known as Connemara , or Cunnemara, 
 which means the Bays of the Ocean 
 This latter is a singularly wild dis- 
 trict, containing much romantic and 
 magnificent scenery, which is justly 
 admired by tourists ; but it is probably 
 the most uncultivated part of Ireland, 
 and with the exception of a very few 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 arable spots, is one continued tract of 
 mountains and bogs, diversified by 
 lakes, on the banks of which are ge- 
 nerally the improved parts. The po- 
 pulation in both the above named 
 districts are generally resident on the 
 shore, the inland parts possessing few 
 inducements for settlers ; and the up- 
 land tracts of the Joyce Country are 
 also for the most part uninhabited. 
 The supply of fuel from the bogs is 
 inexhaustible, which is fortunate for 
 the inhabitants, who live in as wet a 
 climate as can be conceived. The 
 harbours on the coast are capacious 
 and excellent, and the soil seems fa- 
 vourable to the rapid growth of tim- 
 ber. “ Oak, birch, and ash,” says the 
 author of Letters from the Irish High- 
 lands, “ grow spontaneously ; syca- 
 mores have been planted, and do well 
 for the distance of two miles ; and the 
 high grounds between the lake and 
 the sea give shelter enough for the 
 trees to rise, without being percepti- 
 bly cut by the western gales. In- 
 deed, if inclosures were made, this 
 part of Connemara, in the course of 
 twenty years, would be well clothed 
 with woods and thickets of native 
 growth.” Population of the Barony 
 in 1831, 19,408. See Connemara, Gal- 
 way, and Joyce Country. 
 
 BALLYNAHINCH, a beautiful 
 river, affording the best salmon fish- 
 ing in the comity of Galway, or in the 
 Province of Connaught, which issues 
 from the magnificent lake of its name, 
 and enters the Atlantic in a capacious 
 inlet of Birterbuy Bay. Ballyna- 
 liinch lake is the most easterly and 
 largest of a chain of lakes in the wild 
 district of Connemara, the others be- 
 ing Derryclare, Ina, and Lough Gar- 
 romin. The last mentioned, to the 
 right of which is the vale of Ina, 
 sweeps along the eastern boundary of 
 the Binnabola Mountains. Loughs 
 Derryclare and Ballynahinch lave 
 the southern slopes of the Lettery 
 Mountain, which here forms the front 
 of Binnabola group, and both lakes 
 receive the numerous rills which pour 
 down its precipitous sides ; but into 
 115 
 
 Ballynahinch lake are exclusively 
 sent the waters of the deep basin of 
 Glen Hagan, situated in the centre of 
 the Binnabola group. The district 
 round Ballynahinch is not only re- 
 markably bold and picturesque, but 
 is almost different in feature from any 
 other parts of the kingdom. The 
 group of Binnabola consists of a 
 number of singularly formed conical 
 summits, known as the Twelve Pins, 
 probably a corruption of the word 
 Bin, or the Scotish Ben, which signi- 
 fies a mountain. These Twelve Pins 
 rise majestically from the lake, and 
 connect it with the other lakes in the 
 vicinity. Each of their summits has 
 its distinctive name, but the more 
 prominent and important are the Let- 
 tery and Bengow'er, rising over Bally- 
 nahinch Lough ; Derryclare surveying 
 majestically the lake to which it gives 
 its name ; and on the north the moun- 
 tain Knockonhiggin. The summits 
 of these conical mountains vary in 
 height from 1900 feet to 2400 feet 
 above the level of the sea. The deep 
 hollow of Glen Hagan separates the 
 mountains Lettery and Derryclare, 
 and on the north of it is the elevated 
 Pass of Maam Ina. An ancient castle 
 in ruins adorns the island scenery of 
 the lake, built on piles of w ood, with 
 pieces of timber interwoven ; and on 
 its banks is Ballynahinch House, the 
 residence of Mr Martin, who is the 
 principal proprietor of the district, 
 and who, it is stated, as it respects 
 territory, is possessed of a greater 
 number of acres than any other pro- 
 prietor in Ireland. The mansion is 
 plain, but commodious, in a demense 
 which could be rendered one of the 
 finest in the kingdom, and surround 
 ed by a vast extent of natural copse- 
 wood. From this spot magnificent 
 views are obtained of the Twelve Pins, 
 of the Lake, and of the Ballynahinch 
 river, which carries the superabun- 
 dant waters of the several lakes to the 
 Atlantic. In the distance are Round- 
 stone and Birterbuy Bays, diversified 
 with numerous islands. Ballyna- 
 hinch is locally celebrated for its 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 green marble quarries, which are ex- 
 tensively worked two miles from the 
 lake. Besides the lakes already men- 
 tioned, numerous others are inter 
 spersed throughoutthe district, which, 
 when viewed from some points, pre- 
 sent a vast and incongruous assem- 
 blage of mountains, bogs, and water. 
 According to Pennant, the trout of 
 these lakes, and of certain others in 
 Ireland, are remarkable for the great 
 thickness of their stomachs, which, 
 from some resemblance to the organs 
 of digestion in birds, have been called 
 gizzards . “ The Irish name,” he ob- 
 serves, “ of the species which has 
 them is gillaroo trout , and their sto- 
 machs are sometimes served up to 
 table under the former appellation. 
 It does not appear to me that the ex- 
 traordinary strength of stomach in 
 the Irish species should give any sus- 
 picion that it is a distinct species. 
 The nature of the waters might in- 
 crease the thickness, or the superior 
 quantity of the shell-fish, which may 
 more frequently call for the use of its 
 comminuting powers than those of 
 our trout, and might occasion this 
 difference.” See Derryclare. 
 
 BALLYNAHINCH, a small town 
 in the Connemara district, county of 
 Galway, not far from Roundstone Bay, 
 on the road from Galway to Clifden. 
 The improvements in the neighbour- 
 hood were extremely limited in 1841, 
 and extended only a very short dis 
 tance into the surrounding waste. 
 Before 1813, one of the only two roads 
 in the county was the central one by 
 Oughterard to Ballynahinch. The 
 rising importance of the sea-port town 
 of Clifden is of great advantage to 
 this remarkable district. 
 
 BALLYNAHINCH, a small town 
 in the county of Down, eight miles 
 from Dromore, four miles from 
 Saintfield, and 74 miles from Dublin. 
 Besides a parish church, it has two 
 Presbyterian meeting - houses. A 
 skirmish took place between the Royal 
 troops and the insurgents at Ballyna- 
 hinch in 1798. The town and the 
 surrounding manor were originally 
 116 
 
 granted by Charles II. to Sir George 
 Rawdon, ancestor of the Marquis of 
 Hastings, and the mansion of Montal- 
 to, adjoining the town, was long the 
 principal seat of the Earl of Moira. 
 In 1810, the Earl of Moira sold the 
 manor, and in 1841 it was the pro- 
 perty ofD. Kerr, Esq. 
 
 BALLYNAKILL. See Ballina- 
 kill. The harbour of Ballynakill, or 
 Ballinakill, in Galway, lies between 
 Cleggan Bay and the Point of Ren- 
 ville, or Renvyle, which forms the 
 southern boundary of the entrance to 
 the Killeries, and is well sheltered by 
 the island of Truchelaun. — “We 
 reached the Bay of Ballynakill,” says 
 the author of “ Letters from the Irish 
 Highlands,” published in 1825, “and 
 found a boat ready to convey us 
 across, while our horses were led 
 round by the head of the Bay. Bally- 
 nakill is one of the harbours where, 
 during the scarcity of last year [1822], 
 a pier was begun under Mr Nimmo’s 
 superintendence. It afforded some 
 employment to the poor at the time. 
 By the masters of vessels Ballynakill 
 is pronounced to be the best harbour 
 on this coast. — The appearance of the 
 boat in which we were to be ferried 
 over was very little inviting, and 
 gave a melancholy idea of the state of 
 the fishery. It was in every w ay out 
 of repair, and so little sea-worthy, 
 that, as a measure of precaution, we 
 had an extra hand on board to throw- 
 out the water, which poured in on all 
 sides. It has often been a matter of 
 surprise to me that the fishermen on 
 this coast should not be better sailors. 
 Instead of being almost amphibious, 
 as might w ell be expected, they can 
 scarcely make their way across a bay, 
 on the shores of which they have 
 lived from their childhood, without 
 touching upon every rock as a matter 
 of course. Upon the least appear- 
 ance of danger, too, they lose their 
 presence of mind, and talk so much, 
 so loudly, and so little to the purpose, 
 that no one, who has not a full re- 
 liance on his own judgment, and au- 
 thority to enforce compliance with 
 
BAL 
 
 BAL OF IRELAND. 
 
 his orders, can feel himself safe among 
 them. We found hut little to interest 
 us on the ride from Ballynakill to 
 Ballynahinch, and scarcely any view 
 that attracted our admiration.” 
 
 BALLYNAKILL. See Bally- 
 
 MACKILL. 
 
 BALLYNALACK, or Balnalack, 
 a small village in the parish of Leany. 
 county of Westmeath. A school for 
 the education of a certain number of 
 boys and girls is supported by James 
 Gibbons, Esq. of Ballinagall. 
 
 B ALL YNAM ALLARD, a small 
 village in the parish of Magheracross, 
 upwards of six miles from Enniskil- 
 len. 
 
 BALLYNAMARA, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Cranagh, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. It is united with the parish 
 of Clashacrow, and is one of those 
 comprising the Union of Freshford. 
 The benefice is impropriate in the 
 Dean and Chapter of St Canice. The 
 village of its name is in the neigh- 
 bourhood of the post-town of Fresh- 
 ford, and a fair is held in it on the 
 Monday after Trinity Sunday. Popu- 
 lation, 1039. 
 
 BALLYNAMONA, or Moortown, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Small County, county of Limerick, 
 and Diocese of Emly, belonging to the 
 Union of Amy. Population, 570. 
 
 BALLYNAMONA, or Mocrne, or 
 Moran Abbey, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Barretts, 
 Fermoy, and Muskerry East, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, con- 
 taining a village of its name.' Here 
 was formerly a Preceptory of the 
 Knights of St John of Jerusalem, 
 said to have been founded by an 
 Englishman named Alexander de 
 Sanrta Helena. The lands of this 
 Preceptory, which were of consider- 
 able extent, were granted to a chief 
 named Teigue MacCarty, whose de- 
 scendants foifeited their possessions 
 in the Rebellion of 1641. The ruins 
 of the church still remain, and the 
 outline of the buildings of the Pre- 
 ceptory was long, and probably still 
 117 
 
 is, distinctly traceable. The hamlet 
 of Ballynamona, in the vicinity, is 
 about two miles and a half from the 
 post-town of Mallow, and the parish 
 church is an elegant edifice, sur- 
 mounted by a spire, erected in 17 17, 
 partly at the expense of Sir Matthew 
 Deane. On the banks of the Clydagh 
 stream, which waters the district, are 
 the remains of Castle Barrett. 
 
 BALLYNAMORE, a village in the 
 parish of Oughtrah, county of Lei- 
 trim, 15 miles from Athlone, on the 
 road to Tuam, and two and a half 
 miles from Ballyforan. In the vici- 
 nity are the residences of Ballyna- 
 more House and Riversdale ; and 
 three miles onwards is the village of 
 Ballygar. 
 
 B ALLYNAMULT. See Ballina- 
 
 MULT. 
 
 BALLYNANAGHT, a hamlet in 
 the townland of its name, in the parish 
 of Kilmore, county of Cavan. 
 
 BALLYNARD. See Ballinard. 
 
 BALLYNARRICK, a ferry on the 
 Gweebaara, a tidal river of nearly a 
 quarter of a mile in breadth, in the 
 county of Donegal. 
 
 BALLYNARRY, a small hamlet 
 in the parish of Lower Fahan, county 
 of Donegal. 
 
 BALLYNASAGGART. See Bat,- 
 linasaggart, and also Errigal-Kee- 
 rogue. 
 
 BALLYNASCREEN, or Balna- 
 screen, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Loughinsholin, 
 county of Londonderry, and Diocese 
 of Derry, extending on the Moyola 
 river, three miles from the post-town 
 of Tubbermore. Population in 1831, 
 7854. See Draper stown. 
 
 BALLYNASKELLIGS. See Bal- 
 linaskelligs and Skelligs. 
 
 B ALLYNASL ANEY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Baronies of Ballagh- 
 keen and Shelmalier, county of Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns, annexed to 
 the parish of Edermine. It is about 
 six miles from Enniscorthy. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 916. 
 
 BALLYNASMALL, a townland in 
 the Barony of Clanmorris, county of 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 Mayo, noted for a Friary of Carmel- 
 ites, founded in the 13th century, a 
 great part of which still remains. 
 
 BALLYNAULTIG. See Kilshan- 
 
 XAH. 
 
 BALLYNEALL, a village in the 
 parish of Desart or Dysartmore, 
 county of Kilkenny, on the banks of 
 the Nore. 
 
 BALLYNECLOUGH. See Bal- 
 
 LINACLOGH. 
 
 BALLYNEDDAN, a small strag- 
 gling village on the road from Ross- 
 tretrevor to Kilkeel, in the county of 
 Down. Near it is the finely situated 
 residence of Ballyedmond. 
 
 BALLYNEFEAGH. See Bal- 
 
 LINEFAGH. 
 
 B ALL YNE GALL, a village within 
 the Liberties of Kilmallock, county of 
 Limerick. This poor village, or rather 
 hamlet, was formerly a place of some 
 consequence, and is said to have been 
 built by the English. It boasted of 
 a Dominican Monastery founded by 
 the Roche family in the 14th century, 
 and assigned to the University of 
 Dublin by Queen Elizabeth, in whose 
 patent, however, it is designated a 
 Carmelite Friary. See Kilmallock. 
 
 BALLYNEMOGH, a part of a 
 parish in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Tipperary, belonging to the 
 Union of Tipperary, in the Diocese of 
 Cashel. 
 
 B ALLYNERAN, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Orrory 
 and Kilmore, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne, in the Union of 
 Ballyhay, and in the neighbourhood 
 of the post-town of Charleville. 
 
 BALLYNESS BAY, a Bay on the 
 coast of Donegal, upwards of six 
 miles from Dunfanaghy, on the dreary 
 shores of which are the parish church, 
 glebe-house, and the Roman Catholic 
 chapel of Tulloghobegley. 
 
 BALLYNETTY, or Ballynudy, 
 a village in the parish of Cahirnarry, 
 county of Limerick, about seven 
 miles from the city of Limerick. 
 
 BALLYNOCHAN, a chapelry in 
 the Diocese of Leighlin, county of 
 Carlow, in the neighbourhood of 
 118 
 
 Leighlin-Bridge, annexed to the rec- 
 tory of Wells. 
 
 BALLYNOE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kinnata- 
 loon, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, in which is the small village 
 of its name. The rectory was in very 
 ancient times annexed to that of 
 Ahern, and the vicarage to that of 
 Knockmourne, or Knockmoran. The 
 village is about seven miles from 
 Tallow. Population in 1831, 2692. 
 
 BALLYNURE, a hamlet in the 
 Barony of Coolistown, on the Little 
 Barrow river, King’s County, in the 
 townland of its name, ten miles from 
 Portarlington. 
 
 BALLYNURE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, including a hamlet of 
 its name, four miles from Killenaule, 
 in the Barony of Slievardagh, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel, 
 being one of the parishes in the Union 
 of Templeneiry, and in the corps of 
 the Precentorship of Cashel. See 
 Graystown. 
 
 BALLYNURE, a parish and rectory 
 in the lower half of the Barony of 
 Belfast, county of Antrim, and Dio- 
 cese of Connor, situated on the Six- 
 Mile- Water. The village is on the 
 road from Belfast to Larne. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 3549. Post-town, Bally- 
 clare. 
 
 BALLYNURE, a parish in the 
 county of Wicklow. See Balli- 
 
 NURE. 
 
 BALLYNVRENY, a village in the 
 parish of Bruff, county of Limerick, 
 which has several fairs. See Bruff. 
 
 BALLYONAN, a village in the 
 Barony of Carbery, county of Kil- 
 dare, near the post-town of Clonard. 
 It has fairs on the 5th of May and 
 25th of October. 
 
 BALLYORGAN, a village in the 
 parish of Kilflyn, county of Limerick, 
 in the neighbourhood of the town of 
 Kilmallock. 
 
 BALLYOUGHTER, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, sometimes desig- 
 nated Kilnamartory, in the Barony of 
 Imokilly, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, containing part of the mar- 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 ket and post-town of Castlemartyr. 
 The village of its name is said to indi- 
 cate the town of braziers, a copper ma- 
 nufactory having been at one time in 
 operation; this mineral is not now 
 found in the district, but ironstone 
 abounds. The parish charter school 
 was originally endowed by the Right 
 Hon. Henry Boyle. Population in 
 1831, 1509. See Castlemartyr. 
 
 BALLYOVIE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Carra, county 
 of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, situ- 
 ated on Lough Mask, about eight 
 miles from the post-town of Ballin- 
 robe. Population in 1831, 4025. 
 
 BALLYPATRICK. See Rath- 
 
 PATRICK. 
 
 BALLYPATRTCK, a small village 
 in the Barony of Iffaand Offa, county 
 of Tipperary. 
 
 BALLYPHILIP, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Ardes, county 
 of Down, and Diocese of Down and 
 Connor. It is situated on Strangford 
 Lough, and the parish church is in 
 the post-town of Portaferry. James 
 I., in 1609, united by Charter the rec- 
 tory of Ballyphilip to that of Ard- 
 glass, and these, with Ballytruston 
 and Slanes, were ordered to consti- 
 tute the Chancellorship of Down. 
 The parish was also united with the 
 rectories of Ardquin and Witter. 
 Population in 1831, 3090. See Porta- 
 ferry and Strangford. 
 
 BALLYPOREEN, a small village 
 in the parish of Templetenny, county 
 of Tipperary, about three miles from 
 Clogheen, and one mile from Shan- 
 bally Castle, the seat of Viscount 
 Lismore, a splendid modern castel- 
 lated structure, surrounded by exten- 
 sive plantations, which relieve the 
 dreay and bleak aspect of the sur- 
 rounding district, and form an agree- 
 able contrast to the mountain scenery. 
 
 BALLYQUILLANE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Stradbally, 
 Queen’s County, and annexed Diocese 
 of Leighlin, near the post-town or 
 village of Maryborough. 
 
 BALLYQUINTIN POINT, a well 
 known cape on the north-east en- 
 119 
 
 trance of Strangford Lough, in the 
 parish of Ballyphilip, county of Down, 
 at which is a whirlpool, dangerous for 
 boats, formed by a rock known as the 
 Ranting Wheel. The passage into 
 the Lough between this Point and 
 the opposite cape of Ardglass is not 
 much beyond an English mile in 
 breadth. A Light-house is erected 
 at Ardglass, and one at Portaferry 
 South Rock, a little north of the 
 Point. 
 
 BALLYRAGGET, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Fassadin- 
 ing, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory, on the banks of the Nore. 
 The parish is frequently designated 
 Donoughmore. The village of Bally- 
 ragget is situated on the Nore about 
 half way between Castlecomer and 
 Freshford. Fairs are here held in 
 February, April, June, September, 
 October, and December. The village 
 has a small military barrack, a brew- 
 ery, and two distilleries, the latter of 
 which were probably swamped in 
 1841 by the celebrated Father Ma- 
 thew’s movements. This place is 
 noted for a valuable quarry of black 
 marble. The surrounding country 
 on the banks of the Nore is flat, and 
 the only memorial of antiquity is the 
 old castle of Ballyragget in ruins, 
 adjoining which is the elegant modern 
 mansion of Ballyragget Hall in a fine 
 demesne. Above the village is Bally- 
 conra, a seat of the Earl of Kilkenny, 
 and in the neighbourhood the resi- 
 dences of Mount Deland and Grange. 
 Population of the village of Bally- 
 ragget in 1831, 1629 ; of parish, 
 2609. 
 
 BALLYRAGHAN, a creek in the 
 Barony of Burrin, on the south-east 
 coast of Galway Bay. 
 
 BALLYRASHANE. SeeBALDRA- 
 
 SHANE. 
 
 BALLYROAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Culli- 
 nagh, Queen's County, and Diocese 
 of Leighlin. The village of its name 
 is about six miles from Ballinakill, 
 and has fairs in May, July, and Octo- 
 ber. The charter school was en- 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 dowed by Alderman John Preston in 
 1686. Population in 1831, 3544. 
 
 BALLYRONAN, a village four 
 miles distant from Moneymore, and 
 on the western shore of Lough 
 Neagh, in the county of Londonderry, 
 on the estate of the Salters’ Company 
 of London. Here are quays, stores, a 
 distillery, and a brewery, and sloops 
 trade between it and Belfast. 
 
 BALLYSAKEERY. See Balli- 
 
 SAKEERY. 
 
 BALLY SAX, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Ophaly 
 East and Ophaly West, county and 
 Diocese of Kildare, about three mill's 
 from the post-town of Kilcullen. 
 Population in 1831, 996. 
 
 BALLYSCADANE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Small 
 County, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Emly, long annexed to the 
 entire rectories of Drombane and 
 Glanbane, the three constituting the 
 corps of the Deanery of Emly. The 
 parish is in the neighbourhood of the 
 post-town of Bruff. 
 
 BALLYSCANLAN, a village near 
 the post-town of Rathkeale, in the 
 Barony of Connello, county of Lime- 
 rick. Fairs are held here in June, 
 August, September, and November. 
 
 B ALLY" S CULLEN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lough- 
 insholin, county of Londonderry, and 
 in the Upper Jdalf of the Barony of 
 Toome, county of Antrim, and Dio- 
 cese of Derry. The Antrim portion 
 of it is often called the Grange Dis- 
 trict. Population in 1 831, 6453. See 
 Bellaghy. 
 
 BALLYSCULLOGE, or Hort- 
 land, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Ikeath and Oughterany, 
 annexed to the parish of Cloncurry. 
 See Cloxctjrry. 
 
 BALLYSEEDY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Trughanaek- 
 my, county of Kerry, and annexed 
 Dioceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe. 
 Bailyseedy House and Chute Hall are 
 elegant residences, the former the 
 seat of the Blennerhasset family, the 
 principal proprietors of the district. 
 
 120 
 
 The post-town of Tralee is about 
 three miles distant. Population in 
 1831, 1164. 
 
 BALLYSHANNON, or Baleyso- 
 nan, a parish, prebend, and rectory, 
 in the Barony of Ophaly West, county 
 and Diocese of Kildare, annexed in 
 1795 to the rectory of Kilrush. Near 
 the village of its name is the old de- 
 mesne of Ballyshannon ; and in the 
 vicinity is Calverstown, an estate on 
 which extensive plantations, neat and 
 comfortable farm-houses, and other 
 improvements, indicate the spirit and 
 enterprise of the proprietor. Popu- 
 lation in 1831,472. Post-town, Kil- 
 cullen. 
 
 BALLYSHANNON, a town in the 
 parish of Kilbarron, county of Done- 
 gal, 101 miles from Dublin by Ennis- 
 killen and Belleek, and 127 miles by 
 another road, is situated at the head 
 of a small inlet running off Donegal 
 Bay, on the north side of the river 
 Erne, which issues from Lough Erne, 
 and falls into the Bay. A handsome 
 stone bridge of fourteen arches con- 
 nects Ballyshannon with the suburb 
 on the other side, called the Part, in 
 the parish of Ennismac saint. A little 
 below this bridge is a very picturesque 
 cascade, which, though inferior both 
 in extent and beauty to the rapids of 
 the Shannon at Doonass, yet has a 
 very striking effect in heavy floods. 
 The fall is down a ridge of rocks 
 twelve feet high at low water, and is 
 considered one of the principal salmon 
 leaps in Ireland. The great volume 
 of water poured down by the Erne 
 adds much to the aspect of this fall. 
 Below it the riyer is navigable at the 
 flow of the tide for vessels of from 
 forty to fifty tons. 
 
 Ballyshannon is the principal town 
 in the county of Donegal, and before 
 the Union sent two Members to the 
 Irish Parliament. The Corporation 
 was constituted by King James I. in 
 1611, and the members possess several 
 peculiar privileges, which are little 
 affected by the Municipal Corporation 
 Act of 1840. The town has been and 
 is in a gradual state of improvement 
 
BAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAL 
 
 as it respects trade, and there is little 
 doubt that its miserable harbour is 
 the chief obstacle to its commercial 
 prosperity, as it has every advantage 
 of situation, and is a kind of capital of 
 a varied and generally rich and well 
 cultivated surrounding district. The 
 town chiefly comprises three streets, 
 and the poor and squalid suburb of 
 the Purt. These -streets are steep, 
 and the town may be said to be badly 
 arranged or laid out, either for com- 
 fort or trade. The parish church, 
 an elegant edifice, built in 1720, occu- 
 pies the summit of the hill on which 
 the town is situated. The Market 
 House is in the centre of the town, 
 and above it is the Assembly Room, 
 in which the Petty Sessions are held. 
 The other public buildings are the 
 Roman Catholic chapel and the Pres- 
 byterian meeting-house, but neither 
 of them has any architectural pre- 
 tensions. A school in the town is 
 partly supported by Colonel Robin- 
 son’s Fund; in the Purt is one be- 
 longing to the Hibernian Society; 
 there is a private Classical Academy, 
 and other schools. In 1841 a weekly 
 newspaper, very ably conducted, was 
 published in the town, entitled the 
 Ballyshannon Herald. A depot or 
 part of an infantry regiment is gene- 
 rally stationed in the town, for whose 
 accommodation there is a Barrack. 
 The works are a distillery and a 
 brewery; several other branches of 
 industry have been introduced with 
 tolerable success ; there is an exten- 
 sive corn-store; but the principal 
 business is limited to the reh.il trade. 
 Fairs are held on the 4th of April, the 
 Tuesday before the 11th of June, 18th 
 of September, and the Tuesday after 
 the 11th of November. 
 
 Although Ballyshannon is not par- 
 ticularly well built, there are some 
 good houses, and two comfortable 
 inns. The salmon-fishery at the fall 
 of the river below the bridge is ex- 
 tensive, and generally brings L.1000 
 per annum. The fish are exported 
 by the renter to the London and Li- 
 verpool markets ; and the eel-fishery 
 121 
 
 at the same place is let at from L.350 
 to L.400 per annum. The bad state 
 of the harbour makes the export 
 trade limited ; and in 1835 the value of 
 all the exports amounted to L. 11, 130 ; 
 the imports to L.9524. When the 
 wind blows off Teeling Head, which 
 is said to be the case during the 
 greater part of the year, the entrance 
 to the harbour is extremely danger- 
 ous, caused by two banks known as 
 the Summer and Winter Bars. A 
 plan proposed by Colonel Conolly to 
 remove the impediments of these bars 
 has failed, and in consequence the 
 project of a continuous line of inland 
 navigation from Ballyshannon to Bel- 
 fast and Newry by Lough Erne, the 
 Ulster Canal, and Lough Neagh, has 
 been relinquished ; but it is proposed 
 to open a communication with Lough 
 Erne by a canal and rail-road, to avoid 
 the rapids of the river Erne. 
 
 The town frequently suffered in 
 former times from feuds and other 
 disasters, and a small portion of the 
 old castle of the Earls of Tyrconnell, 
 being the chiefs of the district, still 
 remains. About a mile distant are 
 the ruins of the Abbey of Asheroe, 
 on a singular rock of secondary lime- 
 stone. George Farquhaf, the cele- 
 brated comic Dramatist, was a native 
 of Ballyshannon. Population in 1831, 
 3775. 
 
 BALLYSI1EEHAN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, annexed to the parish of Erry, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, four miles from the ancient 
 archiepiscopal city of Cashel. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3034. 
 
 BALLYSHELAN, a townland in 
 the parish of Coolestuffe, county of 
 Wexford, in the neighbourhood of 
 the post-town of Taghmon. 
 
 B ALLYSHONBOY, a parish in 
 the Barony of Coshlea, county of 
 Limerick. See Kii.mallock and Kil- 
 quane. 
 
 BALLYSODARE, or Ballysa- 
 dere. See Ballisodare. 
 
 BALLYSPELLAN, a spa in the 
 parish of Fartagh, county of Kilken- 
 
 L 
 
BAL THE GAZETTEER BAL 
 
 ny, celebrated in the verses of Dr 
 Sheridan and Dean Swift. It is two 
 miles from the post-village of Johns- 
 town, and is the resort of numbers 
 during the season. It is said to be 
 efficacious in removing obstructions 
 of the viscera. Near the well was a 
 large cromlech, now dislodged, known 
 among the peasantry as Clogbannagh, 
 or the Stone of Blessing. 
 
 BALLYSPILLANE, a parish and 
 vicarage, united to the parish of Tem- 
 plenacarigy, in the Barony of Barry- 
 more, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Elphin,nine miles from Rathcormack. 
 Population in 1831, 577. 
 
 BALLYSUMAGHAN, or Bally- 
 somahan, a parish and vicarage long 
 united to seven other parishes in the 
 Barony of Tiraghrill, county of Sligo, 
 and Diocese of Elphin, about six 
 miles from the post- village of Dro- 
 mahair. Population in 1831, 1815. 
 
 BALLYTANKARD. See Tan- 
 
 KARDSTOWN. 
 
 BALLYTARSNEY, a parish unit- 
 ed with Poleroan, in the Barony of 
 Iverk, county of Kilkenny. See Pole- 
 roan. 
 
 BALLYTEIGUE BAY, an open 
 and shallow bay on the coast of Wex- 
 ford, having the islands of Saltee at 
 its entrance. It is connected with an 
 extensive arm of the sea, on which is 
 the village of Duncormuck, ten miles 
 from Wexford, by a promontory, con- 
 taining a very considerable rabbit 
 warren. On the coast are the ruins 
 of the old Castle of Ballyteigue, and 
 the residences of Ballymather, Loch, 
 and Richfield. 
 
 BALLYTOBIN. See Ballitobin. 
 
 BALLYTORE, a small and re- 
 markably neat town in the parish of 
 Timolin, county of Kildare, in a beau- 
 tiful and retired valley watered by 
 the streamlet Griss. The inhabit- 
 ants are chiefly members of the So- 
 ciety of Friends, or Quakers, who 
 here carry on several branches of ma- 
 nufactures. Ballytore is thirty miles 
 from Dublin, and fairs are held on 
 the 10th of March, 15th of August, 
 and 30th of November. There is a 
 122 
 
 classical school, and this little town is 
 interesting as the place where the ce- 
 lebrated Edmund Burke and Dr Mat- 
 thew Young, afterwards Bishop of 
 Clonfert, received the rudiments of 
 their education. Mary Leadbetter 
 was a native and resident. 
 
 B ALLYTRABOYNE, a parish ec- 
 clesiastically annexed to that of Clones, 
 in the county of Monaghan, and Dio- 
 cese of Clogher. See Clones. 
 
 BALLYTRAIN, a village in the 
 parish of Aughnamullen, county of 
 Monaghan, in the neighbourhood of 
 the post-town of Carrickmacross. 
 
 BALLYTRUSTAN. See Bally- 
 
 PHILIP. 
 
 BALLYVALDEN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, extending along the coast of 
 the Irish Sea, three miles from the 
 post-town of Gorey. Population in 
 1831, 1379. 
 
 BALLYVALEW, a parish and 
 vicarage belonging to the Union of 
 Ardcolme, Barony of Ballaghkeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, six miles from the town of 
 Wexford. Population in 1831, 809. 
 
 BALLYVANISH BAY, an inlet 
 of Galway Bay westward of Black 
 Head. 
 
 BALLYYARY, a small village in 
 the parish of Strade, county of Mayo, 
 on the road from Ball to Foxford. 
 It has fairs in May, August, and No- 
 vember. 
 
 BALLYVELY, a village in the 
 parish of Annagh, county of Mayo. 
 Fairs are held on the 14th of May 
 and the 2d of October. 
 
 BALLY VOURNE Y, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Muskerry West, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne. It comprises 31 
 townlands, the names of many of 
 which, like those of many other pa- 
 rishes in Ireland, are most uncouth and 
 unpronounceable, however expressive 
 in the Irish language of the soil ap- 
 pearance. The river Sullane rises in 
 the parish, in the mountains border- 
 ing on Kerry, and runs throughout 
 
BAL 
 
 BAL OF IRELAND. 
 
 its whole extent. Upwards of one 
 half of the parish consists of moun- 
 tain and hog. The mountains are 
 known by the very elegant names of 
 Malaghanuss, Reanapuble, and Jouil- 
 nenummerah ! Some parts afford 
 good pasture, but other parts are 
 heathy and almost barren; and at 
 Derreenalin and Milleen’s Rath are 
 several bogs. There are no minerals 
 of any importance, and the parish is 
 under great inconvenience with re- 
 spect to manure, lime being remote, 
 and the roads very indifferent, with 
 the exception of that from Macroom 
 to Kenmare, formed by Sir Nicholas 
 Conway Colthurst, Bart. The village 
 hamlet of Ballyvourney, or the Town 
 of the Beloved , is very romantically si- 
 tuated on the Sullane river ; and to the 
 right, on the road branching off to 
 Kenmare, is Knight’s Bridge, former- 
 ly a seat of the Colthurst family. In 
 the parish are the ruins of a church, 
 104 feet in length by 24 feet in breadth, 
 dedicated to a holy lady named St 
 Gobnata, about whom nothing is 
 known, and whose existence is even 
 doubted ; but according to tradition, 
 she was the daughter of a chief named 
 O’Connor Sligo, and was chosen by 
 one St Alban to be an abbess here in 
 the sixth century. A short distance 
 west of the church is a small stone 
 cross, having an indenture, in which 
 an image of St Gobnata was placed on 
 the 14th day of February every year, 
 that being her day ; but the patron 
 saint of the parish is St Abigail, 
 whose admirers assemble on the lltli 
 of February. It is said that the stones 
 round this cross are literally hollowed 
 by the knees of pilgrims, and near it 
 is a holy welly dedicated to the lady 
 saint. Adjacent to the altar in the 
 ruined church is the tomb of the 
 O’Hierleys, once the chiefs of the dis- 
 trict. The vestiges of a round tower 
 and of a castle may still be traced. 
 The peasantry of this parish are de- 
 scribed as very poor ; some of the 
 land good, more extremely bad, and 
 scarcely worth anything ; but great 
 numbers of cattle are reared. Fairs 
 123 
 
 are held on the 10th days of May, Sep- 
 tember, and November. Population 
 in 1831, 3681. Post-town, Macroom. 
 
 BALLYWALTER, a parish and 
 vicarage, long annexed to the parishes 
 of Ballyhalbert, Inishargy. and St 
 Andrews, Barony of Ardes, county 
 and Diocese of Down, extending along 
 the coast of the Irish Sea. The vil- 
 lage of Ballywalter is situated on the 
 coast, and is inclosed by a dangerous 
 reef called the Ballywalter Long Rock. 
 Here is a good slate quarry, and near 
 it are the ruins of Black Abbey, 
 founded by a knight named De Cour- 
 cey, in the eleventh century, two 
 miles north from Grey Abbey, near 
 the village of that name, founded by 
 the wife of John De Courcey about 
 1192. Ballywalter village is about 
 five miles from Newtonards, and fairs 
 are held on the 22d of June and 8th of 
 November. Population in 1831, 664. 
 
 BALLYWILLAN, a parish and vi- 
 carage, partly in the Barony of Dun - 
 luce, and partly in the Liberties of 
 Coleraine, county of Antrim, and Dio- 
 cese of Down and Connor. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 2219. See Coleraine 
 and Dunluce. 
 
 BALLYW1RE. See Ballymoyer. 
 
 BALRAH AN, or Balrain, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Ikeathy 
 and Oughterany, county and Diocese 
 of Kildare, four miles from Maynooth. 
 Population in 1831, 615. 
 
 BALROTHERY, or Balruddery, 
 a Barony in the county of Dublin, 
 bounded on the north and east by the 
 Irish Sea, and on the south and west 
 by the counties of Meath and Kildare ; 
 but, although extending a very consi- 
 derable distance along the coast, the 
 whole district has few harbours, and 
 the streams are of no great import- 
 ance. The surface is generally level 
 and undulating, the soil fertile ; agri- 
 culture is in an improving state, and 
 there are several splendid mansions, 
 ancient and modern, fine demesnes, 
 and valuable plantations. The Ba- 
 rony comprises 51,946 acres, and ec- 
 clesiastically and politically contains 
 17 parishes, and a number of small 
 
BAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAL 
 
 towns, villages, and hamlets. See 
 Dublin. 
 
 BALROTHERY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of its name, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The village of Balrothery, now a de- 
 cayed place, but once in a rather 
 flourishing state, is .15 miles from 
 Dublin, two miles from the post- 
 town of Balbriggan, and not far from 
 the locally well known village which 
 bears the eccentric name of the Man- 
 of- War. It is said that one cause of its 
 depression was the alteration of the 
 great northern road to the Ashbourne 
 line. Fairs are held on the 6th of 
 May and 12th of August. Balrothery 
 is the head of the Union under the 
 Irish Poor Law Act. Population in 
 1831, 5078. 
 
 BALSCADDAN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Balrothery, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin, ia 
 the immediate neighbourhood of the 
 town of Balbriggan. Population in 
 1831, 1011. 
 
 BALSOON, or Ripperstown, a 
 small parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Lower Deece, county and 
 Diocese of Meath, united to the parish 
 of Assy. It contains the property and 
 residence of the celebrated, learned, 
 and pious Archbishop Usher. Po- 
 pulation in 1 831 ,311. Post-town, Trim. 
 
 B ALTE AGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kennaught, 
 county of Londonderry, and Diocese 
 of Derry, three miles from the post- 
 town of Newtown-Limavady. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3326. 
 
 BALTIMORE, a village and small 
 sea-port in the parish of Tullagh, 
 county of Cork, formerly a borough 
 town, governed by a sovereign and bur- 
 gesses, under a charter granted by 
 James I., 174 miles from Dublin by 
 Cork and Bandon, and 6£ miles from 
 Skibbereen. It is situated on a head 
 land, formerly called Leam- Con, near 
 the mouth of the harbour of its name, 
 within six miles of the well known 
 island of Cape Clear, and is now a 
 poor fishing place, though its harbour 
 is among the best of the numerous 
 124 
 
 bays on this line of coast, and it has 
 a breakwater or pier built partly by 
 the Fishery Board. It is connected 
 with a district, however, which has a 
 considerable shipping trade, as under 
 the head Baltimoi'e, in 1835, including 
 the neighbouring small harbours and 
 creeks, the value of the exports 
 amounted to L.37,144, and the im- 
 ports, L. 17,767. The first English 
 
 settlement at Baltimore was effected 
 by Sir Thomas Crook, who leased an 
 extensive tract of the adjoining dis- 
 trict from a chief named O’Driscol. 
 The cause of the decay of this once 
 important sea-port is not a little re- 
 markable. In 1631 two Algerine pira- 
 tical vessels entered the harbour at 
 midnight, having a Dungarvan fisher- 
 man on board as pilot, and after plun- 
 dering the town, seized and carried 
 away some of the inhabitants. From 
 this visitation Baltimore never re- 
 covered, and the principal residenters 
 transferred themselves to Skibbereen. 
 The Right Hon. Lord Carbery is the 
 proprietor of the surrounding district. 
 Baltimore gave the title of Baron in 
 the Peerage of Ireland to the Family 
 of Calvert, originally of Flemish ex- 
 traction, but who had been long set- 
 tled in Yorkshire, where they were 
 extensive landholders. George Cal- 
 vert, the first Lord Baltimore, held 
 several lucrative situations, and ob- 
 tained large grants of land in Ireland 
 and Newfoundland from James I., 
 under whom he was Secretary of 
 State ; but having in 1624 become a 
 Roman Catholic, he was compelled to 
 resign his office, and prohibited from 
 interfering in public affairs. The Ro- 
 man Catholics, however, were not so 
 politically obnoxious either to James 
 I. or Charles I. as the Puritans, and 
 after the French had taken possession 
 of a settlement in Newfoundland, up- 
 on which Lord Baltimore had ex- 
 pended a very considerable sum, his 
 Lordship’s son Cecil, second Baron, 
 received in 1632 a grant from Charles I. 
 of all that tract of country which con- 
 stitutes the State of Maryland in the 
 United States of North America, and 
 
BAL OF IRELAND. BAL 
 
 in which is the large and flourishing 
 city of Baltimore. Under this char- 
 ter, about 200 persons of respectable 
 families, and chiefly Roman Catholics 
 of Ireland, entered the Chesapeake 
 Ray, under the auspices of Lord Bal- 
 timore, in February 1634, and imme- 
 diately organised the new colony, 
 which they called Maryland, in ho- 
 nour of Henrietta Maria, the Queen 
 of Charles I. Though proprietor of 
 the State of Maryland, Lord Balti- 
 more never resided in it, and it does 
 not appear that he ever even visited 
 the colony. His Lordship lived to 
 see his most sanguine expectations 
 with regard to the new colony rea- 
 lized, and he died at an advanced age 
 in 1676. The Peerage is now extinct. 
 Population in 1831, 459. 
 
 BALTINGLASS, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Upper Tal- 
 botstown, county of Wicklow, and 
 annexed Diocese of Leighlin. Its 
 name is said to be derived from Beal - 
 iinne-glass, or the fire of the mysteries 
 of Baal , and is thought to refer to the 
 fires lighted by the ancient Druids on 
 the 1st of May and 1st of August in 
 honour of the sun. It is also conjec- 
 tured to have been the great Beal- 
 tinne of the southern districts of Lein- 
 ster. In this parish are the remains 
 of several Druidical altars. Many 
 graves or tombs were discovered in 
 1787 at Saunders Grove, constructed 
 of flag-stones set edgeways on the 
 bare ground, and covered with shape- 
 less flat stones. Within these tombs 
 were urns formed of baked earth, in 
 such a manner as intimated that they 
 were intended to be ornamental, and 
 great quantities of burnt bones and 
 ashes. This district is very romantic, 
 and exhibits almost every variety of 
 charming scenery. The verdant hills 
 connect with Lugnaquilla, said to be 
 the highest of the Wicklow moun- 
 tains, and rising to the height of 3040 
 feet. Saunders Grove is a good spe- 
 cimen of the old English manor 
 house ; Golden Fort, Knockrigg, and 
 Kilranelagh, are agreeable resi- 
 dences ; and Stratford Lodge, the 
 125 
 
 seat of the Noble Family of Stratford, 
 created Earls of Aldborough in the 
 Peerage of Ireland in 1777, its planta- 
 tions, parks, and fine inclosures, or 
 nament the parish. The district is 
 watered by the Slaney river, which 
 issues from the mountain ravines, and 
 is augmented by several streamlets. 
 On it3 banks are calico-printing 
 works, a cotton-spinning factory, and 
 several corn-mills. The town of 
 Baltinglass, 30 miles from Dublin 
 by Tallaght and Blessington, and 49 
 miles by another road, is situated on 
 the south side of the Slaney, in a rich 
 and fertile valley. This town is small, 
 and not particularly well built, though 
 it is considerably indebted to the j>ro- 
 prietor, the first Earl of Aldborough, 
 who did much for its extension and 
 improvement. According to Wil- 
 son’s “ Post-Chaise Companion,” his 
 Lordship nearly doubled the houses 
 from 1768 to 1786, and established ma- 
 nufactories of linen, woollens, and dia- 
 per, which still exist, and give em - 
 ployment to a great number of the 
 inhabitants. His son, the second Earl, 
 built the comfortable inn adjoining 
 his [demesne, a short distance from 
 the town, and al30 the schoolhouses. 
 In 1841 there were two bleachfields in 
 operation, and considerable business 
 is done at the weekly markets. Fairs 
 are held on the 2d of February, 17th 
 of March, 12th of May, 1st of July, 
 12th of September, and 8th of Decem- 
 ber. The town is governed by a 
 sovereign, a deputy, recorder, and a 
 town-clerk, and is well situated for a 
 considerable inland trade, especially 
 with the mountain districts of Wick- 
 low. 
 
 Baltinglass gave the title of Vis- 
 count, in the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the Noble Family of Eustace, and it 
 gives that of Baron to the Earl of 
 Aldborough, whose eldest son, how- 
 ever, has the second title by courtesy 
 of Viscount Amiens. The town was 
 formerly of considerable importance, 
 and is a place of great antiquity. A 
 Parliament was once held in it, and 
 probably sat in Baltinglass Castle, 
 
BAL 
 
 BAN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 near the town — a venerable and spa- 
 cious edifice, the date of the erection 
 of which is not recorded. The as- 
 sizes of the county of Wicklow were 
 long held in the town, during which 
 it returned two Members to the Irish 
 Parliament. The abbey of Baltin- 
 glass, in the town, and still tolerably 
 entire, was founded between 1148 and 
 1151 for friars of the Cistertian Order, 
 by Dermod Macmurrogh O’Kavanagh, 
 King of Leinster, who was interred 
 in it, and the edifice was knownas the 
 abbey of the Vallis Salutis. It is said 
 that the Abbots sat as Barons in the 
 Irish Parliaments. The lands of this 
 abbey were confirmed by King John, 
 who granted some additional posses- 
 sions, among which were the lands of 
 Arklow, containing a salt pit of con- 
 siderable value. John Galbally, the 
 last Abbot, resigned the abbey to the 
 Crown in December 1537, and receiv- 
 ed a pension. In 1541 the abbey and 
 lands were granted by Henry VIII. to 
 Thomas Eustace, Viscount Baltin- 
 glass; and Queen Elizabeth made ano- 
 ther grant to Sir Henry Harrington. 
 Two miles from the town the county 
 of Carlow is entered on the road to 
 Tullow. 
 
 About seven miles south-east of 
 the town is the Slieve Guth, or 
 Church Mountain, on the summit of 
 which is an immense pile of stones 
 inclosing an area, and within is a well 
 held in very great veneration, for cen- 
 turies the resort of pilgrims. If we 
 may credit the traditions of the dis- 
 trict, these stones were collected dur- 
 ing the twelfth century for the pur- 
 pose of building a church, but this 
 design was relinquished, and it was 
 intended to make a paved road over 
 the mountain from Old Kilcullen to 
 Glendalloch. A part of this project 
 was carried into effect. Population 
 of the town in 1831, 1670; of the pa- 
 rish, 41 10. 
 
 BALTR ASNA, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Bally madun, county of Dublin, 
 in the neighbourhood of the post- 
 town of Balbriggan. 
 
 BALTR AY, a small straggling vil- 
 126 
 
 lage in the parish of Termonfeckan, 
 county of Louth, on the sandy beach 
 which sweeps round the shores of the 
 mouth of the Boyne several miles. 
 
 BALYNA, a hamlet in the parish 
 of Cadamstown, county of Kildare. 
 
 BAN. See Bann. 
 
 BAN AD A, a village in the parish 
 of Achonry, county of Sligo, situated 
 on the Moy river, which here issues 
 as a small stream from the neighbour- 
 ing singularly shaped and detached 
 hill called Knocknashee. The village 
 is three miles from Tubbercurry, and 
 nine miles from Boyle. Fairs are 
 held on the 17th of January, on Whit- 
 monday, and on the 7th of August. 
 The demesne of Banada is a beautiful 
 and picturesque residence. A friary 
 of Eremites, following the rule of St 
 Augustine, was founded near the vil- 
 lage, in 1423, by a certain member or 
 brother of that Order named Charles, 
 and dedicated to Corpus Christi. The 
 ruins of this abbey, with the steeple, 
 still remain. A short distance be- 
 yond Banada the glen or gap com- 
 mences, through which is carried the 
 road from the village to Ballina, 
 through a tract peculiarly wild, deso- 
 late, and dreary, chiefly moorland, 
 and crossing the Lurgan Hills, cover- 
 ed with heath. This road skirts the 
 small and lonely Lough Talt, and in- 
 troduces the traveller to some scenes 
 peculiarly wild. 
 
 BANAGIIER, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Ken- 
 naught and Tyrkeeran, county of Lon- 
 donderry, and Diocese of Derry, about 
 three miles from the small post-town 
 of Dungiven. The parish church 
 and glebe house are on the road to 
 Derry, and in the vicinity is the resi- 
 dence of Ash Park. The old church 
 and monastery of Banagher were si- 
 tuated near the Faughan river, which 
 waters the district, anciently known 
 as O' Caftan* s Country. “ After all 
 my researches,” says the Rev. Mr 
 Sampson, in his Survey of London 
 derry, “ I cannot authenticate the his- 
 tory of one of our finest specimens o; 
 sacred architecture. It is the ol< 
 
BAN 
 
 BAN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 church of Banagher. This is built 
 of cut freestone, in a good and even an 
 elegant style. Some modern charac- 
 ters, engraved on the west door, men- 
 tion the foundation of the church as 
 having been in A.D. 474, or there- 
 abouts ; but this is not likely. Beside 
 it stands the monastery, the only one 
 in the county, which still remains. 
 It is entire except the roof. The 
 door is several feet from the ground , 
 and the building nearly square. It 
 appears that the stairs have been of 
 stone. The tradition is, that O’Heney, 
 a saint, was the founder, and that he 
 used to show himself occasionally 
 from this elevated threshold. The 
 tomb of this saint is in the church- 
 yard. It is nine feet in breadth. The 
 sand adjacent to it is reckoned to be 
 sacred. In any horse race to this 
 day, whoever can throw the Banagher 
 sand on the rider as he passes ensures 
 success to the horse.” The peasantry 
 believe that St Patrick founded this 
 church, and in the Tripartite Life of 
 that celebrated personage, originally 
 written in the seventh century, it is 
 stated, that having crossed the Foyle, 
 he sojourned seven weeks in the neigh- 
 bourhood of the Faughan river, and 
 founded seven churches, which was 
 one each week , unless be begun them 
 all at the same time. Population in 
 1831, 4086. 
 
 BANAGHER, a town in the parish 
 of Rynagh, King’s County, four miles 
 from Cloghan, five miles from Eyre- 
 court, and 65 miles from Dublin, by 
 Kilbeggan, Clara, and Ferbane. It is 
 situated on the Shannon, at one of the 
 guarded passes of that river to the 
 Connaught side, which is here 
 crossed by a bridge of 19 arches, 
 built in 1759, measuring 400 feet in 
 length, the causeway 15 feet broad ; 
 but the whole structure is described 
 as very inconvenient. The import- 
 ance of this passage across the river 
 at Banagher Bridge is marked by a 
 mounted tower at each end for pro- 
 tection. This town is a military sta- 
 tion, and on the Connaught side of 
 the river are a Battery, the Magazine 
 127 
 
 and the Infantry Barracks, the latter 
 in connection with the fort, and occu- 
 pying the site of an ancient nunnery, / 
 which, it will be at once allowed, is a 
 most advantageous one. Near the 
 town the Grand Canal communicates 
 with the river Shannon by means of a 
 lock at a place called Shannon Har- 
 bour. Banagher principally consists 
 of a very long street, and carries on, 
 by the inland navigation now men- 
 tioned, a considerable trade in the 
 export of grain and other provisions. 
 
 It is also of considerable local repute 
 for its horse and cattle lairs, the prin- 
 cipal of which is held on the 15th of 
 September, and continues during the 
 three following days. The other 
 fairs are held on the 1st of May, the 
 28th of October, and the 8th of No- 
 vember. The town sent two mem- 
 bers to the Irish Parliament. Tin- 
 Classical School was founded and en- 
 dowed by Charles I., and the lands 
 belonging to it are in the King’s 
 County ; but the schoolhouse is of 
 modern erection. The ruins of the old 
 church are interesting, and a spacious 
 parish church and Roman Catholic 
 chapel are erected. There is also a 
 Presbyterian meeting-house. The 
 town, from the increased intercourse 
 of the Shannon, is improving, and the 
 surrounding country has a pleasing 
 and cheerful aspect. Below the town 
 the Shannon branches out, forming 
 several small flat green islands in its 
 ample bed, while the river itself is 
 very little below the level of the mea- 
 dow lands on its banks. Four miles 
 below the town, on one of the largest 
 of these islands, is a Martello tower, 
 opposite the ruins of Meelick AbbeA 
 on the Galway side. In the Second 
 Report of the Commissioners for the 
 Improvement of the Shannon, printed 
 in 1837, it is stated : — “ There are at 
 present four locks in the distance be- 
 tween Lough Derg and Lough Ree. 
 a distance of 36 miles, but as the dif- 
 ference of level between the tw r o lakes 
 is only 16 feet, we have ascertained 
 that two of them can be advantage- 
 ously dispensed with, and that an ex- 
 
BAN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 cellent navigation can be formed 
 throughout the entire distance, by 
 deepening the channels at the shoals 
 in general, including those of Banag- 
 her and Shannon Bridge. — This por- 
 tion of the river, passing as it does 
 through the centre of Ireland, nearly 
 in a north and south direction, is con- 
 nected with Dublin by means of the 
 Grand and Royal Canals, which join 
 the Shannon, the former at Shannon 
 Harbour near Banagher, to the north 
 of Lough Derg ; and the latter at Tar- 
 monbarry, eight miles to the north of 
 Lough Kee.” The estimate of the 
 expense of improving the navigation 
 of the river in the third division of its 
 course, in which Athlone and Ba- 
 nagher are situated, from Killaloe to 
 Tarinonbarry, a distance of 85 miles, 
 is L.188,507, but this sum includes new 
 bridges at Banagher and Athlone, the 
 moiety of which is provided for dis- 
 tinctly by assessment on the adjacent 
 counties. The Commissioners far- 
 ther state — “ In some places, as at Ba- 
 nagher and Athlone, we find it neces- 
 sary to recommend the erection of 
 new bridges, on different sites of the 
 present ones. — Banagher, where we 
 propose that a new bridge should be 
 erected, is an important communica- 
 tion across the river, though not so 
 generally useful as that at Athlone. 
 It is situated between the county of 
 Galway and the King’s County, and 
 we are of opinion that the moiety of 
 the expense of its erection should be 
 made up equally between those coun- 
 ties. The estimate amounts in all to 
 L.25,000.” The old bridge, which is 
 justly described as “ decayed, and in a 
 ruinous state, extended across the 
 river, from the mills under the Bar- 
 racks on the King’s Comity side, to 
 the east side of the Fort on the Gal- 
 way side, between the river and the 
 Grand Canal, which is crossed by a 
 bridge. The proposed new bridge is 
 immediately below it, almost in a 
 direct line with the principal street of 
 Banagher, and, according to the plan, 
 it consists of seven elliptical arches, 50 
 feet span, for the passage of the water, 
 128 
 
 BAN 
 
 and six semicircular land arches, 14 
 feet span : the roadway 16 feet, with 
 a footpath of four feet on each side, 
 to be built of hammer-dressed mason- 
 ry limestone from the Seven Church- 
 es ; the Canal is crossed by a cast-iron 
 swivel bridge.” The works for the 
 improvement of the Shannon naviga- 
 tion at Banagher were commenced in 
 January 1841. Population of Banagher 
 in 1831, 2636. 
 
 BANBRIDGE. See Baxnbridge. 
 
 BANBRUSNA, a small hamlet 
 about five miles from Mullingar, near 
 the foot of Lough Owhel, on the route 
 from Dublin to Sligo, and two miles 
 from Ballinalack. To the right of it 
 is Clanehugh, a seat of the Earl of 
 Granard. 
 
 B ANDON, a river which rises in the 
 mountains of Carbery, in the county 
 of Cork, or, according to another 
 statement, near Ataghmore, in the 
 Barony of Bantry, in the same coun- 
 ty. It has at least three sources, any 
 one of which may be considered the 
 real one. One of these sources flows 
 south by Dunmanway, below which it 
 meets the other two, and the river 
 then runs eastward, having a course 
 of upwards of 30 miles, and falls into 
 the sea at Kinsale. It passes the vil- 
 lage of Inniskeane, the parliamentary 
 borough of Bandon Bridge, to within 
 two miles of which it is navigable, the 
 small town of Innishowan, and other 
 villages and hamlets. Its banks are 
 remarkably picturesque, and are or- 
 namented with many old castles, man- 
 sions, and villas. It is celebrated by 
 the Poet Spencer as the “ pleasant 
 Bandon, crowned with many a wood.” 
 About Innishowan, in particular, be- 
 low Bandon, the banks of the river 
 are remarkably beautiful. The old 
 ruin of Dundanere Castle above is 
 an imposing object on a fine bend of 
 the stream. This castle was consi- 
 derably injured by fire in 1641. The 
 castle of Polelong, or Shippool, is be- 
 low Innishowan. There are many 
 other delightful localities. 
 
 BANDON, or Bandonbridge, a 
 parliamentary borough on the river 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 BAN 
 
 BAN 
 
 of its name, 141 £ miles from Dublin, 
 and 15£ miles from Cork, in the pa- 
 rishes of Kilbrogan and Ballymodan. 
 Lady Chatterton says of Bandon, that 
 it is “ a poor place, abounding with 
 beggars.** Her Ladyship must have 
 borrowed this laconic account from 
 Mr Inglis, who says, u Bandon is at 
 present a poor town , and is stocked 
 with beggars ;” and yet he candidly 
 adds, “ I did not stop to make any 
 particular inquiries, and can therefore 
 speak of Bandon only as I saw it en 
 passant.” This was written in 1834, 
 and Lady Chatterton’s “ Rambles” 
 occurred in 1838. The fair writer mu4 
 have taken offence at Bandon, when 
 she condescended to characterise it 
 in this manner in her u Rambles,” or 
 she must have conceived a mortal an- 
 tipathy to the town before she saw it, 
 for her description is scarcely appli- 
 cable. Doubtless Bandon, like other 
 towns in Ireland, has its due propor- 
 tion of beggars, whose tattered habi- 
 liments, squalid looks, and witty im- 
 portunities, sufficiently intimate their 
 condition. It is ungallant to contra- 
 dict the fair “ Rambler,” but Lady 
 Chatterton must be told that Ban- 
 don is one of the largest, best built, 
 and best regulated towns in the 
 county of Cork, and contains a great 
 many respectable inhabitants. It is 
 pleasantly situated on both sides of 
 the river, connected by a substantial 
 bridge, and was built by Richard 
 Boyle, first Earl of Cork, commonly 
 called the Great Earl, in 1610, and in- 
 corporated by James L, when it was 
 provided with two churches, two 
 market houses, walls, and fortifica- 
 tions, which were demolished in the 
 troubles of 1689, during the war be- 
 tween the forces of King William 
 and King James II. The Earl consi- 
 dered it necessary to be very exclu- 
 sive in his new town, and Protestants 
 i only were admitted as inhabitants. 
 
 ; His object in building the town in 
 what was then a wild waste, w as to 
 extirpate robbers and wolves, which 
 he states in a letter recommending 
 Bandon to the royal favour and pro- 
 129 
 
 tection. The town is a military sta- 1 
 tion, and has commodious barracks. 
 There are several parish churches, 
 Roman Catholic chapels, and Dissent- 
 ing meeting-houses, but none of any 
 architectural importance as buildings. 
 The trade of Bandon is chiefly of the i 
 retail kind common to an inland 
 town, but some business is done in 
 the manufacture of linen and camlet, i 
 in brewing, cotton spinning, b’ue dye- 
 ing, tanning, and flour grinding, for ; 
 the last of which are very large flour- 
 mills. The Sessions for the district 
 are held in the Court-House. The 
 town has several schools, one of 
 which is a charity subscription one 
 for a certain number of boys ; and an- 
 other is the Classical School, founded 
 by the Earl of Cork and Burlington, 
 and endowed with L.20 per annum 
 rent-charge on his estates, to which ( 
 the Duke of Devonshire, the inheri- I 
 tor of the estate, has given an addi- , 
 tional endowment of L.20. The ap- i 
 pointment of the principal master is > 
 vested in the Duke, and this school | 
 has attained a very considerable cele- 
 brity. The religious and charitable 
 institutions supported by tbe Esta- 
 blished Church and the Dissenters, 
 are numerous ; and the Bandon and 
 Clonakilty Farming Society is of 
 advantage to the agriculture of the 
 district. The Duke is proprietor of 
 tbe old towm, and has effected consi- 
 derable improvements ; and the other 
 proprietors are the Earls of Shannon, 
 Cork, and Bandon. To this last 
 mentioned nobleman (of the Bernard 
 Family) the town gives the title of 
 Earl, so created, in the Peerage of 
 Ireland, in 1800. His Lordship’s seat 
 of Castle-Bernard is situated in a 
 beautifully wooded demesne in the 
 vicinity of the town — tbe mansion, au 
 elegant Grecian building, and the 
 park is traversed by the river. Ad- . 
 joining is The Farm, on which a fine 
 Gothic villa is erected, and the resid- 
 ences of Mayfield, Richmount, Mount 
 Pleasant, and numerous others, orna- 
 ment the neighbourhood. Beyond 
 Bandon, how ever, all the way to Ban- 
 
BAN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAN 
 
 try, the finely cultivated country is 
 succeeded by poor farms, miserable 
 cabins, and a bleak though varied dis- 
 trict. In the vicinity is a chalybeate 
 spring of some local repute. The 
 town returns one member to Parlia- 
 ment; constituency in 1841, 379. The 
 style of the Corporation of Bandon, 
 under the Irish Municipal Reform 
 Act, is the “ Provost, Free-Burgesses, 
 and Commonalty of the borough of 
 Bandon Bridge.” Population in 
 1831, 9917. 
 
 BANE, a lake in the county of 
 Westmeath. 
 
 BANGOR, or Benchor, which 
 means the White Choir, anciently the 
 Vale of Angels , a parish and impro- 
 priate cure in the Baronies of Ar- 
 des and Castlereagh, county and Dio- 
 cese of Down, including the Copeland 
 Islands and the village of Crawfords- 
 burn. The borough and sea-port 
 town of Bangor is situated on the 
 Bay of Carrickfergus, or Belfast 
 Lough, and is a place of great anti- 
 quity, but the date of its foundation 
 as a town is unknown. It was long 
 celebrated for its abbey, founded by 
 St Comgall, a person of noble rank in 
 the middle of the sixth century, 
 which, at the time of its greatest pros- 
 perity, was so well stocked with 
 monks, that no fewer than three thou- 
 sand of them are said to have been 
 resident. It is not recorded how this 
 prodigious garrison of ecclesiastics 
 employed themselves, and probably 
 the number is exaggerated from hun- 
 dreds to thousands , for even three hun- 
 dred would be no despicable frater- 
 nity. The number of monks accounts 
 for the name of the locality signify- 
 ing the Vale of Angels and of the White 
 Choir , which intimates Sweet Music, 
 and indicates some part of the avoca- 
 tions of the brotherhood. Among 
 those monks Cormac, King of Lein- 
 ster, closed his life in the Abbey in 
 A.D. 567, and they very kindly took 
 charge of the education of a holy man 
 of some note, called St Columbanus. 
 It seems subsequently to have decay- 
 ed, or fallen to ruins, as we find one 
 130 
 
 St Malachy restoring it in 1120. Some 
 portions of the Abbey still remain, 
 and the parish church was erected 
 within the precincts in 1623. 
 
 Bangor was granted by James I. to 
 Sir James Hamilton, a gentleman con- 
 nected with the Seotish Ducal Family 
 of Hamilton, who brought with him 
 as his Presbyterian chaplain Mr Ro- 
 bert Blair, the ancestor of the cele- 
 brated Hugh and Robert Blair. The 
 town has, in consequence, always had 
 a strong Presbyterian tendency ; and 
 small as it is, it has two Presbyterian 
 meeting-houses, and is the seat ofi a 
 Presbytery, comprising in 1841 four- 
 teen congregations. The Irish toyvn 
 of Bangor is the name of a well-known 
 psalm tune so called, a peculiar fa- 
 vourite with the austere and strict 
 Presbyterians; and the Poet Burns 
 speaks about skirling up the Bangor 
 in one of his satirical hits. The town 
 contains various places of worship, 
 and the inhabitants support a number 
 of schools and charitable institutions. 
 One of these schools, for the educa- 
 tion of 56 girls, is maintained by Lord 
 Bangor, the proprietor, and Lady 
 Dufferin supports another in the pa- 
 rish for 40 girls. The cotton manu- 
 facture is carried on to a very con- 
 siderable extent in the town and 
 neighbourhood, and many of both 
 sexes are employed in weaving, sew- 
 ing, and in the ornamental branches ; 
 some business is done in the linen 
 trade, and in the export of provisions. 
 A pier has been erected at Bangor 
 for the encouragement of the deep 
 sea fishery, for which the situation 
 of the place is well adapted. A va- 
 luable lead mine in the pai'ish is work- 
 ed by the Mining Company of Ireland. 
 Bangor gives the title of Viscount, in 
 the Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble 
 Family of Ward, so created in 1781. 
 His Lordship’s seat, Bangor Castle, 
 is close to the town, and about a mile 
 south is the mansion of Ballow. The 
 coast is rocky below the town, parti- 
 cularly at the coast guard station and 
 hamlet of Groomsport. Fairs are 
 held at Bangor on the 20th of Janu- 
 
BAN 
 
 BAN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ary, 1st of May, and 22d of November. 
 Population of the town in 1831, 2741 ; 
 of the parish, 9355. 
 
 BANLAIIAN, a village in the 
 parish of Myross, county of Cork, at 
 which a fair is held on Ascension 
 Day. Near it is the seat of the eldest 
 branch of the ancient family of O’Do- 
 novan. Post-town, Skibbereen. 
 
 B ANN, a small river which rises in 
 the Barony of Gorey, county of Wex- 
 ford, and traverses that of Scarewalsh. 
 It passes the ancient episcopal city of 
 Ferns, and joins the Slaney in the 
 neighbourhood of the village of Scare- 
 walsh. 
 
 B ANN, a large river which rises in 
 a plain called the Deer's Meadow , in 
 the mountains of Mourne, county of 
 Down, about eight miles east of the 
 town of Newry. In its course it is 
 joined by the Newry Canal about two 
 miles below the manufacturing vil- 
 lage of Gilford, near the residences of 
 Carrick, Brackagh, and Bally workan. 
 After flowing upwards of 38 miles in 
 a northerly direction it enters Lough 
 Neagh, at the Bann-Foot-Ferry in the 
 county of Armagh, near the south- 
 western corner of the lake. This is 
 called the Upper Bann, and in its 
 course the river passes within two 
 miles of Rathfryland through Mac- 
 Caig’s Bridge and Bannbridge, by 
 Gilford and Portadown, between 
 which two latter places it is joined 
 by the Newry Canal already men- 
 tioned. The river is navigable at 
 Portadown for vessels of 60 tons. The 
 Lower Bann, which bears along the 
 surplus waters of Lough Neagh to the 
 ocean, which it enters about four 
 miles north-west of Coleraine, after a 
 course of 40 miles, issues from the 
 north-western part of Lough Neagh, 
 and is the outlet of that lake. After 
 leaving Lough Neagh it flows through 
 Lough Beg, and then holds its course 
 nearly north to the North Sea. After 
 leaving Toome, the river winds 
 through a rugged country, and tum- 
 bles over several ledges of rocks. 
 The Lower Bann passes Portglenone 
 in Antrim, and Kilreain Londonderry, 
 131 
 
 in its course towards Coleraine. 
 About three miles south of Kilrea it 
 is joined by the river Clody ; and at 
 Agivey, about midway between Kil- 
 rea and Coleraine, an elegant bridge 
 was erected in 1833, opening up a 
 communication between the county 
 of Londonderry and the town of 
 Ballymoney, noted for its extensive 
 linen markets. The entrance to the 
 Bann from the sea is rendered very 
 difficult in rough weather by a bar at 
 its mouth, but on ordinary occasions, 
 vessels of 200 tons can proceed as 
 high as Coleraine Bridge, which sepa- 
 rates that town from its suburbs or 
 Liberties on the Antrim side. Above 
 that town the falls or rapids render 
 the river unnavigable. The approach 
 to Coleraine, however, is often diffi- 
 cult on account of the impetuosity of 
 the stream, and it has been projected to 
 obviate this by cutting a ship canal 
 from the sea to that town. The 
 fishery in the Bann is very valuable. 
 The salmon-fishery belongs to the 
 Fishmongers’ Company of London, 
 and their principal wier is at Castle- 
 row Mill, about a mile south of Cole- 
 raine ; the eel-fishery is the property 
 of the Marquis of Donegal, whose 
 chief wier is at Toome Bridge. The 
 pearl-fishery was never productive. 
 It is said by anglers that there are few 
 good casts in the Bann except in close 
 time, when it is illegal to fish ; but in 
 the Bush, a small river about seven 
 miles east of it, there is admirable 
 salmon-fishing after great floods, 
 though in fine and dry weather it is 
 hopeless to try. The scenery of thr 
 Bann is often very picturesque, and 
 in many parts of its course magnifi- 
 cent. 
 
 BANNAGH and BOYLAGH, a 
 Barony in the county of Donegal, 
 extending from the Barony of Tyr- 
 hugh, which comprises the southern 
 part of the county, to the sea north 
 and west, including the towns of 
 Dunkanealy, Killybegs, and Rutland, 
 and immense tracts of mountain. The 
 coast is considerably indented by 
 inlets. Donegal Bay, at the head of 
 
BAN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAN 
 
 which is the town of Donegal, hounds 
 the Barony on the south-east; pass- 
 ing Durin Point is Inver Bay, sepa- 
 rated from Macswine’s Bay by the 
 promontory called St John’s Cape ; 
 next is Fintry Bay, formed by Dri- 
 mana Point and Muckris Point; west 
 of this are Telling Harbour, Telling 
 Head, Rucksbirn Island, and Malin 
 Bay ; north of the Bannagh division 
 of the Barony, which forms a kind of 
 peninsula, are the Bays of Loehrusbeg 
 and Lochrusmore, and the island of 
 Inisbarnog. North of the Gweebarra 
 stream, whieh enters the sea in a Bay 
 at the mouth of which is the Roan- 
 nish Island, is Triennich Bay, almost 
 landlocked, and north-west of this 
 are the Arranmore and the Rosses 
 Islands. From the town of Donegal 
 to Dunkanealy the soil is described as 
 light; at the latter town commences 
 the mountain region, which includes 
 Killybegs and its beautiful and safe 
 harbour, and extends to Telling Head. 
 The soil of the arable glens is a light 
 gravelly till, bottomed by earths and 
 rocks of various colours, for which 
 the shelly sand of the coast is an ex- 
 cellent manure. From Cape Telling 
 by Killybegs to that portion of the 
 Barony called the Rosses, the surface 
 is considerably elevated above the sea, 
 and ssime fine marine views are ob- 
 tained, while high unbroken moun- 
 tains covered with sombre heath rise 
 around. In this district, however, 
 are some beautiful populous and well 
 cultivated valleys, and several man- 
 sions. Still farther northward is an 
 innnense tract of heath, the very per- 
 sonification of a wilderness, in which, 
 says the Earl of Bristol, there is 
 “ nothing curious to engage attention, 
 and nothing horrid enough at which 
 to stare.” A region of scattered rocks 
 and hills, some belonging to the main- 
 land, and others in the sea, appears off 
 Rutland, a small village on the island 
 of Inismacdurn, and in this quarter 
 are the Rosses Islands, 22 in number, 
 and almost all inhabited. The 
 country from Rutland towards Dun- 
 fanaghy is peculiarly rugged, rocky, 
 132 
 
 and uninviting. The singularly fright- 
 ful and curious cave, evidently formed 
 by the ocean, called M l Swine's Gun, 
 is in the direction of Dunfanaghy. 
 “ When the wind blows due north,’* 
 says Dr MTarlan, “ and the tide half 
 in, this Gun of M‘Swine is seen to 
 spout shots of sea- water far higher 
 than the eye can reach into the air, 
 with terrific explosions, to be heard, 
 it is said, from 20 to 30 miles, and 
 from its alarming effects on the ears 
 I should suppose fifty !” In this 
 Barony the field labour was long, and 
 much of it still is, performed by the 
 spade, which is considered more pro- 
 ductive than the plough; and the 
 potatoe cuts are generally laid on the 
 manure and then covered in, though 
 sometimes dibbled with a spade, 
 which is locally termed kibbing. 
 Along the coast, through the Rosses, 
 and in the district towards Letter- 
 kenny called Cloghanealy, the tillage 
 is done with the spade, except the 
 arable parts of the mountains, on 
 which the Irish two-horse plough is 
 employed. The farms are small; 
 potatoes and barley are the principal 
 crops, but a considerable quantity of 
 flax is now grown. In the Boylagh 
 district a very considerable woollen 
 stocking manufacture is carried on in 
 the cabins, chiefly by the females, 
 who by the sales provide the rent. 
 The principal mineral is iron and 
 lead ore, but the mountains contain 
 indications of coal. The Barony of 
 Bannagh contain^ eight parishes, and 
 comprises 200,000 acres. The Mar- 
 quis of Conyngham is proprietor of 
 upwards of 30,000 acres, and the Uni- 
 versity of Dublin granted a lease of 
 tract which is said to yield a profit 
 rent to the lessee of L.9000 per an- 
 num. 
 
 BANNBRIDGE, a town on the 
 Upper Bann, in the parish of Sea- 
 patrick, county of Down, built on. a 
 steep hill on the great northern road 
 from Dublin to Belfast, 20 miles from 
 the latter town, and 60£ miles from 
 Dublin. Bannbridge is now a place 
 of considerable commercial import- 
 
BAN 
 
 BAN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ance, and has become the chief seat of 
 the linen manufacture in the district, 
 which gives employment to several 
 thousands, from the cultivation of the 
 flax to the finishing of the finest 
 fabrics. A Branch of the Provincial 
 Bank of Ireland, and one of the 
 Ulster Banking Company, are esta- 
 blished in the town. The parish 
 church is a little distant from the 
 town, which has a Methodist and two 
 Presbyterian meeting-houses. The 
 Market House is an elegant edifice, 
 erected by the Marquis of Downshire 
 in 1831. The appearance of the town 
 is not peculiarly attractive, yet it has 
 an aspect of neatness and compact- 
 ness ; there are many good shops and 
 houses ; and the inhabitants are 
 active, industrious, and comfortable. 
 The weekly markets are well attend- 
 ed, and fairs are held on the 12th of 
 January, 15th of March, 9th of June, 
 25th of August, and 16th of Novem- 
 ber, each of which continues three 
 days. Several improvements have 
 been effected by lowering the centre 
 of the road, which runs through the 
 principal street about 15 feet ; carriage 
 ways are left on each side on the ori- 
 ginal level, and abridge is constructed 
 across the lowered road. Mr Fraser, 
 in his excellent little work, the 
 “ Guide through Ireland,” gives the 
 following pleasing account of this 
 thriving and active seat of manufactur- 
 ing industry : “ The country around 
 Bannbridge presents objects of inte- 
 rest peculiar to some of the counties 
 of Ulster. These objects are not the 
 wavy-country, or the trees which 
 adorn the villas on the banks of the 
 Bann, but the bleaching greens which 
 chequer the surface, the various mills 
 and factories, with all their appur- 
 tenances of ponderous wheels and 
 tall chimneys scattered along the 
 river sides, the houses and gardens 
 of the proprietors, the comfortable 
 cottages of the workmen, with their 
 small minutely mixed tillage and pas- 
 ture fields. In addition to the usual 
 branches of spinning, weaving, and 
 bleaching, there is at Huntly Glen, a 
 133 
 
 little below the town, a large thread 
 spinning factory ; and near it, at Sea- 
 patrick, an extensive establishment 
 for weaving Union cloth by machi 
 nery.” Population of Bannbridge in 
 1831, 2469. 
 
 BANN-FOOT-FERRY is the junc- 
 tion of the Upper Bann river with 
 Lough Neagh, in the Barony of O’Neil, 
 and county of Armagh, about seven 
 miles from Portadown. 
 
 BANNOW, a parish and vicarage, 
 annexed to the parish of Kilkevan, in 
 the county of Wexford, and Diocese 
 of Ferns, situated on Bannow Bay, a 
 little north of the Bageribon, or Bag- 
 and- Bunn , Cape, at which the Anglo- 
 Normans landed in 1169. The small 
 village of Bannow is 14 miles from 
 Wexford, and 88 miles from Dublin 
 by Wexford, 82 miles from Dublin by 
 Enniscorthy and Taghmon ; and near 
 it are the lonely ruins of its abbey on 
 a secluded grassy hillock. Both are 
 situated on the narrow winding bay, 
 which runs inland about three miles. 
 The residence called Bannow House 
 is in the vicinity. A commodious 
 pier is now erected, and an Agricul- 
 tural School, the first institution of 
 the kind in Ireland, was opened here 
 in 1821 by the Rev. Mr Hickey, which 
 has been completely successful. The 
 parish has a Protestant Charter School, 
 a Roman Catholic Chapel, and a Dis- 
 pensary. Some w r riters designate 
 Bannow as the Irish Herculaneum, 
 and yet, strange to say, there is not, 
 with the exception of the mouldering 
 ruins of the Abbey, a single vestige 
 of antiquity, or any tradition among 
 the peasantry in support of such a 
 statement. The shores of the Bay 
 are dreary, and the shallow winding 
 creek is choked with sand. The pa- 
 rish church of Bannow and Kilkevan 
 is a handsome edifice. Population in 
 1831, 2185. Post-town, Wexford. 
 
 BANSHAW, or Baxsha, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, generally called 
 Templeneiry , in the Barony of Clan- 
 William, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. The village of its 
 name is about five miles distant from 
 
 M 
 
BAN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER BAN 
 
 the post-town of Tipperary. The 
 beautiful villa of Banshaw Castle, and 
 the old family seat of Lismacue, with 
 their fine plantations and delightfully 
 varied woodland scenery, render a 
 great part of this district remarkably 
 interesting. Population in 1831, 2975. 
 
 BANTRY, a Barony in the county 
 of Cork, generally conjoined with that 
 of Bere. This district, which con- 
 tains valuable copper mines, employ- 
 ing several hundreds of persons in 
 merely breaking the ore, is remark- 
 ably wild, yet varied by fertile tracts 
 and most magnificent scenery. The 
 united Baronies comprise only eight 
 parishes. The general produce is 
 barley, oats, flax, and potatoes ; black 
 cattle are reared, and the district 
 contains a breed of hardy mountain 
 ponies. There are thousands of acres 
 of bog, which could be profitably re- 
 claimed, but the remoteness of the 
 district and other disadvantages are 
 barriers to its improvement. The 
 coralline on the shore is peculiarly 
 adapted for agricultural purposes, 
 especially the calcareous schistus on 
 the north side of Bantry Bay, which 
 produces a brown lime. According 
 to a writer in the “ Quarterly Journal 
 of Agriculture,” (No. 46, September 
 1839,) in a paper on the Agriculture 
 of the County of Cork — “ If the co- 
 ralline of Bantry Bay, raised with ex- 
 pense and labour, be an invaluable 
 fertilizer to the adjacent farms of Bere 
 and Bantry, the sand from most parts 
 of the coast, which is more or less 
 calcareous, is also a valuable boon of 
 Providence. Some of this contains 
 60 per cent, of carbonate of lime, and 
 is the principal manure. Land bears 
 a high value throughout this region, 
 and is let in the wilder parts not in 
 the usual way by the acre, but by 
 what is termed the gneeve, which is 
 the twelfth part of a townland, and 
 therefore of very undefined acreage ; 
 and is held by leases of three lives, 
 one life, or 31 years, whichever lasts 
 longer, or 21 years and a life. The 
 last is becoming a favourite limit with 
 landlords, and sufficiently permanent 
 134 
 
 for the tenant. — Any person viewing 
 the extent of tillage here, the clumsy 
 ill-constructed tools with which it is 
 conducted, and considering the dis- 
 advantages under which the cultiva- 
 tors labour — too poor and thrifty to 
 consume even a portion of the corn 
 which they raise, and often with very 
 scanty clothing as well as insufficient 
 food, must appreciate the industry of 
 these poor people, who labour prin- 
 cipally for their landlords. Notwith- 
 standing the difficulty which the 
 peasantry have to encounter from in- 
 digence and ignorance, better ma- 
 nagement would effect a good deal 
 more ; but the accomplishment of so 
 much is highly creditable to the in- 
 dustry of a people who, if idle, are 
 often so from necessity, and not from 
 choice.” In a previous part of the 
 same paper this judicious writer says 
 — “ Large tracts of this lovely region 
 are, however, of little value to the 
 farmer ; but if they constitute a waste, 
 they form one of exceeding interest, 
 from the covering of copsewood, con- 
 trasting with the bleak and denuded 
 state of the adjacent mountains, capes, 
 and headlands. — The spade is more in 
 use than the plough, partly from the 
 stony nature of the soil, which in 
 many places precludes the entrance 
 of an ordinary plough, and partly 
 from the natural influence of long 
 prevailing usage. The small holders, ’ 
 whose means are too limited to main- 
 tain horses or oxen, must substitute 
 the spade ; and even if they could af- 
 ford to provide teams suited to the 
 task of penetrating land encumbered 
 with stones, they act more prudently 
 in using the manual implement. Many 
 of these small farmers do, however, 
 keep a horse each, and plough by 
 combination of these little animals 
 alternately borrowed ; and in the vi- 
 cinity of the coast, or within a short 
 distance of the coralline or calcareous 
 sand, so bountifully spread upon the 
 shores, they are indispensable for 
 drawing it. But while the peasant 
 can supply labourers from his own 
 cabin, that is, as long as his sons re- 
 
BAN OF IRELAND. BAN 
 
 main unmarried, and assist him, he 
 acts with the best economy in avoid- 
 ing the maintenance of a horse. — The 
 Irish cotter is unjustly ridiculed for 
 the use of spade and shovel, and nar- 
 row ridge and wide furrow. By co- 
 vering his seed from the furrow, 
 deeply dug with a long narrow spade, 
 he contrives at farthest, in the course 
 of three years, in some measure to 
 trench his field (each furrow being 
 the third part in breadth of the ridge), 
 and he adds to the depth of the soil 
 at the same time. He covers his seed 
 from the intervals between his ridges 
 with great evenness, and is not in this 
 process so much mistaken as some 
 would represent him to be. When 
 the Irishman, in the secluded and 
 barbarous districts under considera- 
 tion, fully learns that good deep dig- 
 ging and minute pulverization are as 
 essential to the prosperity of his crop 
 as the manure itself, which he too 
 often imagines to be the sole agent in 
 the process of fertilization, he will 
 find a material change in his circum- 
 stances, provided that he abstains from 
 whisky, and prefers a tank for the col- 
 lection of liquid manures to the smell 
 and taste of a cask of alcohol.” 
 
 This, perhaps, is a too sanguine view 
 ofthe subject, as long as the system con- 
 tinues as described by Mr and Mrs S. C. 
 Hall, in their elegant work on Ireland, 
 in course of publication in 1841, and 
 referring to the very county of w’hich 
 the Barony of Bantry forms a part. 
 “ Several owners of mountain land — 
 if the term land may be applied to 
 tracts of country where the spade can 
 seldom sink an inch, are in the habit 
 of letting for a long term large dis- 
 tricts of it at a nominal rent. We 
 were present when the practice re- 
 ceived a singular illustration. A 
 peasant addressed a landlord — ■* If ye 
 plase, yer Honour , I want thirty shil- 
 lings' worth of mountain.’ We were 
 informed that the quantity allotted to 
 him for this sum was 30 acres for a 
 period of 30 years. The labourer sets 
 to work with his spade and four tones 
 [which means his hands and las feet], 
 135 
 
 picks out every morsel of soil he finds 
 inclosed by rocks, clears it of stones, 
 gradually conveys manure to it, and 
 in the end plants it with potatoes. 
 Nothing in Irish scenery is more 
 striking than such patches of cultiva- 
 tion up the mountain slopes. But an 
 Irishman will endure any privation to 
 obtain a bit of land, suffer any misery 
 to retain it, and indeed commit any 
 crime rather than permit it to be 
 taken from him. If our readers could 
 but imagine the extreme eagerness 
 with which they covet its possession, 
 and the frightful passions that are 
 aroused when deprived of it, either 
 justly or unjustly, they would easily 
 understand the nature of those out- 
 rages which are continually occur- 
 ring in Ireland to blacken the Irish 
 character. Several of the mountains, 
 however, have been taken possession 
 of by wanderers, distinguished as 
 squatters. Any attempt to dispossess 
 them would be dangerous to a de- 
 gree ; they usually mark the bound- 
 aries of their properties by lines of 
 stones, and are peculiarly jealous of 
 the incoming of a new settler.” 
 
 Bantry gives the title of Earl in the 
 Peerage of Ireland to the Family of 
 White, descended from Sir Thomas 
 White of Rickmansworth, county of 
 Hertford in England, the celebrated 
 founder of St John’s College, Oxford ; 
 but the immediate ancestor of this No- 
 ble Family came to Ireland during the 
 civil wars which commenced in 1641. 
 Richard, first Earl, so elevated in 1816, 
 was presented with a gold medal by 
 the city of Cork for his spirited exer- 
 tions on the arrival of the French 
 force in Bantry Bay in January 1796. 
 He was created Baron Bantry on the 
 31st of March that year, and Viscount 
 Bantry in 1800. 
 
 BANTRY, a town in the parish o* 
 Kilmacomogue, in the Barony of its 
 name, at the head of Bantry Bay, 
 county and Diocese of Cork. Its 
 former designation wa3 Ballygobbin , 
 and it was also called Old Town, to 
 distinguish it from New Town, a place 
 established by Ireton, who erected a 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BAN 
 
 BAN 
 
 fortification with four bastions, near 
 which numbers of houses were soon 
 ereeted; but when this fort was al- 
 lowed to become ruinous, the Old 
 Town became again the resort. There 
 was once a Franciscan friary at Ban- 
 try, founded by Dermot O’Sullivan 
 Beare in 1460, but no vestige of it now 
 remains. The site of it is called 
 Ardnabraker , or Friar's Hill , and its 
 burying-ground is still used. After 
 1800 the town was of some import- 
 ance, when it enjoyed a prosperous 
 pilchard fishery, and very consider- 
 able quantities of this fish were ex- 
 ported to Italy, Spain, and Portugal ; 
 but this source of emolument is at an 
 end, not a pilchard being now taken on 
 the coast. There is still, however, 
 some trade, and in 1835 the value of 
 the exports at Bantry Creek amount- 
 ed to L.6212; the imports, L.17,293. 
 Timber, iron, salt, coals, groceries, 
 &c., form the principal imports; the 
 trade in corn and flour may be con- 
 sidered its staple, and though its com- 
 merce and business are decidedly in- 
 ferior to those of the neighbouring 
 town of Skibbereen, the town is im- 
 proving, if its present trade is com- 
 pared with that of former years. The 
 manufacture of coarse linen, in which 
 great numbers were employed, is now 
 abandoned, and the only works are 
 flour-mills, a porter brewery, and 
 store-houses for butter and corn in- 
 tended for the English markets. The 
 chief employment of the labouring 
 poor is fishing for hake, the season 
 for which continues from July to 
 November, and periodically for her- 
 rings and sprats, both of which are 
 sold by hawkers and jolters through 
 the extensive district of the interior. 
 The herrings are cured in buildings 
 formerly called^zsA palaces , and yield 
 a revenue of upwards of L.2000 per 
 annum to the persons concerned. 
 The sale of coral-sand, which is highly 
 esteemed as a manure, gives employ- 
 ment and remuneration to many fa- 
 milies. 
 
 The town of Bantry is on the 
 eastern side of the Bay, irregularly 
 136 
 
 built-, and by no means attractive 
 in appearance. It chiefly comprises 
 two parallel streets leading in the 
 direction of the sea, and a connecting 
 transverse street, but all sadly dis- 
 figured by very poor cabins. The 
 parish church, a modern plain building 
 with a belfry, is situated near the 
 shore; but the Roman Catholic cha 
 pel is an elegant edifice on the side of 
 a rising ground, erected under the 
 superintendence of the Rev. T. Barry, 
 the parish priest, at the expense of 
 nearly L.3000. It is an oblong struc- 
 ture, about 120 feet in length, by 50 
 feet in breadth, the windows round- 
 headed, and covered by a richly 
 stuccoed trussed table ceiling. In 
 the vicinity is the Wesleyan Methodist 
 meeting-house, of very homely pre- 
 tensions. Bantry is a constabulary 
 station, and possesses a Sessions’ 
 House and Bridewell, and two hotels. 
 A general sessions of the peace is held 
 annually in February, a petty sessions 
 court on every alternate Friday, a 
 market on Saturdays, and fairs on the 
 1st of May, 9th of June, 21st of August, 
 15th of October, and 1st of December. 
 The school of Bantry was assisted in 
 its funds by the Commissioners for 
 the Education of the Poor in Ireland. 
 
 Mr Inglis justly observes — “ Much 
 might be done for Bantry as a sea- 
 bathing resort, and money, judiciously 
 laid out, would certainly be invested 
 to advantage.” The Earl of Bantry 
 is the principal proprietor, and his 
 Lordship’s residence, called Sea Court, 
 Seafield, or Bantry House, is close to 
 the town, the woods of which de- 
 mesne add greatly to the beauty of 
 the scenery. Previous to the en- 
 nobling of the Family of White, as 
 Barons, Viscounts, and Earls of Ban- 
 try, the town gave a title to the fa- 
 mily of Roper, now extinct. At New- 
 town-West, about a mile from the 
 town, above the Earl of Bantry’s de- 
 mesne, is a curious monumental stone, 
 seven feet in height, one foot in 
 breadth, and six inches thick, at a 
 locality called Kill-na-romhawn , com- 
 manding an excellent view over the 
 
BAN OF IRELAND. BAN 
 
 Bay, with Hungry Hill and Gowl in 
 the back-ground. It was originally 
 sculptured on both sides, but the ac- 
 tion of the weather has obliterated 
 the figures on the southern face. On 
 the townland of Gurth-a-t’agart, about 
 three miles east from Bantry, is a 
 curious collection of upright stones, 
 under which are some caves. Small 
 cairns, or funereal piles of stones, fre- 
 quently occur on the old Bantry road 
 to Dunmanway. There are two roads 
 from Bandon to Bantry, the northern 
 and nearer being that through Bally- 
 neen, Dunmanway, and Drimoleague; 
 the southern and more picturesque 
 lies along the coast through Clona- 
 kilty, Ross-Carbery, and Skibbereen. 
 The country in the neighbourhood of 
 the mail road from Skibbereen to 
 Bantry is wild and uninteresting, the 
 mountains rising directly from the 
 sea, and small villages thickly studded 
 at their base. Mount Gabriel, bleak 
 and barren to the top, looks down on 
 the now poor village of Scull. On 
 its summit is a lake, which is believed 
 to be so deep, that it has never been 
 fathomed, and tenanted by an eternal 
 serpent. Ridiculous traditions are 
 connected with all the numerous 
 other lakes in this district, such as 
 Loughdrine, the islands of which 
 were accustomed on a certain day 
 every year to dance merrily , change 
 places, and shift from one side to the 
 other from sunset to sunrise ; and 
 Ballinlough, guarded every night by 
 fairies, protecting the passage leading 
 to the ancient rath bordering it to 
 the bottom of the lake, where flour- 
 ishes the Thierna-na-oge , or land of 
 perpetual youth. “Nearer to Ban- 
 try,” say Mr and Mrs S. C. Hall, “and 
 still among the wild and almost track- 
 less wastes, is the mountain of the 
 Priest’s Leap , formerly the principal 
 line of communication between the 
 two most picturesque portions of 
 Irish scenery, Glengariff and Killar- 
 ney, but now abandoned for one of 
 the best roads in the kingdom. We 
 asked a peasant why the mountain 
 was called the Priest’s Leap, and re- 
 137 
 
 ceived this answer : — ‘ Ye see, Sir, one 
 time in this country there was five 
 pounds for a wolf’s head, and five 
 pounds for a priest’s head, and a dale 
 o’ money was made out o’ the both o’ 
 ’em. Well, a holy priest was riding 
 over the hill, and he was purshued 
 by the Tories (they called thim Tories 
 that time, that’s the blagards that did 
 be hunting the priests), and just as 
 they had their bloody hands upon his 
 robe, he prayed to St Fiachna to help 
 him out of their way; and the ass he 
 was on gave a leap, and sprung seven 
 miles over the mountain to th* other 
 side of it, and there are the marks of 
 the haste’s knees in the solid rock to 
 this day ! And the people won’t 
 blast the rock, though it comes right 
 in the way of the road to Bantry. 
 There is, beyond question, a singular 
 rock which greatly interferes with the 
 road, containing two excavations of a 
 remarkable character, the removal of 
 which rock seems to be necessary, but 
 it remains untouched.” The state of 
 agriculture immediately round the 
 town of Bantry is greatly improved, 
 and the abundance of rich coral-sand 
 holds out great inducements to re- 
 claim land. The scenery in the 
 neighbourhood is inferior to none in 
 Ireland for variety, from soft and 
 graceful landscapes to the wildest and 
 most magnificent. The town is 182 
 miles from Dublin by Bandon, Clog- 
 nakilty, and Skibbereen; 56 miles 
 from Cork by the same road; 171 
 miles from Dublin by Bandon and 
 Dunmanway; and l73| miles from 
 that city by Cork, Macroom, Incha 
 geelah, and the Pass of Kaim-an-eigh. 
 Population in 1831, 4275. 
 
 BANTRY BAY, the magnificent 
 Bay on which is situated the town of 
 Bantry, in the united Baronies of Bere 
 and Bantry, is about 25 miles, or, as 
 some allege, 30 miles in length, and 
 eight miles in its greatest breadth. 
 It is noted as having been twice en- 
 tered by a French force for the inva- 
 sion of Ireland, the first in 1689 in aid 
 of James II., and the second in 1796, 
 both of which events are subsequent- 
 
BAN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER BAN 
 
 ly noticed. Bantry Bay is a deep inlet 
 between Mizzen Head and Dursey 
 Island, free from dangerous rocks and 
 shoals, and commodious for ships of 
 any size. At the head of the Bay are 
 the harbours of Bantry opposite the 
 town, and within Whiddy Island, quite 
 land-locked, and secure in all winds ; 
 and Glengariff Harbour to the north- 
 ward, small, having a narrow en- 
 trance, sheltered by a little island, 
 and chiefly used by coasting vessels. 
 Near the entrance of Bantry Bay is 
 Bere Island, belonging to the Barony 
 of Bere ; and here is the excellent har- 
 bour of Berehaven, large and well 
 sheltered, having a sufficient depth of 
 water for the largest vessels, and good 
 anchorage every where within it, 
 but the -best is off Balinakilly. The 
 stream of the tide is scarcely percep- 
 tible within the headlands of Bantry 
 Bay, though off Mizzen Head the ebb 
 wdiich runs to the westward flows at 
 the rate of three and a half miles an 
 hour. The depth of water is about 
 40 fathoms at the entrance, gradually 
 lessening to the head of the Bay, and 
 the coast is for the most part high and 
 rocky. 
 
 The scenery of this splendid Bay 
 is remarkably fine, and elicits the 
 admiration of all tourists. It is con- 
 sidered as probably the most beautiful 
 and striking in the kingdom, espe- 
 cially in the neighbourhood of Glen- 
 gariff. Whiddy Island is at the upper 
 end of the Bay, a fertile spot, compris- 
 ing 1200 acres, well cultivated and in- 
 habited, and affording the finest pas- 
 turage for fattening bullocks. The 
 Earl of Bantry has a farm on it, and 
 it has a fresh water lake. The Bar- 
 racks and Batteries erected on it after 
 the French invasion of 1796 are now 
 deserted. It also contains the old 
 castle of the O’ciullivans. The other 
 islands are those known as the Hog, 
 Horse, Coney, and Chapel Islands, 
 which appear as if dropped into the 
 magnificent Bay, land-locked by its 
 high and abrupt headlands, beyond 
 which tower the Killarney Moun- 
 tains. The best view of Bantry Bay 
 138 
 
 is from Knuck-na fiach , or the Deer's 
 Hill, immediately above the town, 
 which commands the entire Bay with 
 its Berehaven division, the mountains 
 of Glengariff, the vast mountain range 
 between Bantry and Kenmare ; the 
 Priest’s Leap Mountain northwards, 
 Dunmanus Bay on the south, and the 
 country and coast for many miles east- 
 ward. On the shores of the Bay are cop- 
 per mines in full operation. Ann mg the 
 numerous objects of interest is the 
 great cataract of Hungry Hill. This 
 is an immense mountain about 17 
 miles due west of Bantry, near the 
 summit of which are several lakes, 
 which discharge their united waters 
 over an abrupt and almost perpendi- 
 cular precipice, upwards of 2000 feet 
 in height above the level of the sea, 
 and often distinctly visible from the 
 town of Bantry. In this direction are 
 the stupendous Sugar Loaf Hill and 
 the Gougaun Barra mountains. The 
 Hungry Hill Mountain is said to be 
 2500 feet in height. On one of its 
 highest points a stone tower is erected 
 by the Earl of Bantry, and on another 
 point, said to be 50 feet higher, is a 
 tower of loose stones and turf con- 
 structed by the Ordnance Surveyors 
 under Captain Portlock. From this 
 mountain a truly magnificent panora- 
 mic view of the Bay is obtained, em- 
 bracing the mountains of its southern 
 extremity. Dunmanus Bay, Crook- 
 haven, the sweep of the mountains 
 towards the east ; Bantry, the Ma- 
 cromp Mountains, the rocky range of 
 the Goile Mountains, both of the 
 Sugar Loaf Mountains, those of Caha, 
 and the mass of the Kerry Mountains, 
 all seen when looking south. To the 
 north are the Bay of Kenmare, the 
 Reel<s, and Mangerston ; on the west 
 the part of Bantry Bay near Castle- 
 town, and Bere Island, and all the in. 
 dentations of the shores of the Atlan- 
 tic. So much for the gorgeous view 
 from the Hungry Hill. 
 
 At the north-east extremity of Ban- 
 try Bay, the junction of the streams 
 Glengariff and Courloum, which issue 
 from Glengariff and its neighbour- 
 
BAN 
 
 BAN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 hood, form a secondary bay of re- 
 markable beauty. Several streamlets 
 enter the Bay at its head; the one 
 nearest the town of Bantry is known 
 as the Mialloch, which, before entering 
 the Bay, forms the fine cascade of 
 Dunamark, or Assig, a mile from the 
 town, at which, according to the le- 
 gend quoted by Keating, one Ladlira, 
 the first mortal who set foot on Ire- 
 land, arrived exactly forty days before 
 the Mosaic Deluge J This is anti- 
 quity with a vengeance, and probably 
 the concocter of this fable thought it 
 was just as well to go to the uttermost 
 of absurdity when he was at this kind 
 of work. This cascade is on the road 
 from Bantry to the lovely Glengariff; 
 but a mill and a brewery divert a con- 
 siderable quantity of the water, and 
 the cascade is less impressive in dry 
 seasons. Next to the Mialloch stream 
 is, the Ouvawm, and midway between 
 it and Glengariff is the Snaive. There 
 are two routes from Bantry to Gien- 
 gariff, one by water, and another by 
 land, each presenting scenes of un- 
 common beauty ; but the new road, 
 having a fine level, and traversing the 
 picturesque coast, now connects that 
 fairy district with the town, and con- 
 siderably lessens the distance. The 
 promontory of Bereliaven separates 
 Bantry Bay from Kenmare river, and 
 on the ancient high road to the for- 
 mer place is the old bridge, known as 
 Cromwell's Bridge , for the redoubtable 
 Oliver gets the credit of many things 
 in Ireland which he never did, and 
 whenever a peasant is at a loss to ac- 
 count for the origin or history of any 
 particular object, either some holy 
 saint or Cromwell is assigned as the 
 cause. “History being silent,” ob- 
 serve Mr and Mrs S. C. Hall, “ as to 
 the origin of the name (of this bridge), 
 we must have recourse to tradition. 
 When Oliver was passing through 
 Glengariff to visit the O’ Sullivans, he 
 had so much trouble iu getting across 
 the narrow but rushing river, that he 
 told the inhabitants if they did not 
 build him a bridge by the time he re- 
 turned, he would hang up a man for 
 139 
 
 every hour’s delay he met with. * So 
 the bridge was ready agin he come 
 back,’ quoth our informant, ‘ for they 
 knew the ould villian to be a man of 
 his word.’” Beyond Glengariff the 
 county of Kerry is entered from that 
 of Cork by three tunnels perforating 
 the mountains, the principal of which 
 is about 200 yards in length. 
 
 It now only remains to notice the 
 invasions of 1689 and 1796. Near the 
 entrance of Bantry Bay an engage- 
 ment was fought in the month of 
 April of the former year betw een the 
 French fleet which conveyed James 
 II. to Ireland, and the British fleet 
 under Admiral Herbert. The latter 
 was greatly inferior in point of force, 
 yet the battle lasted several hours ; 
 but the British fleet w as compelled to 
 return to Plymouth, and the French 
 got into the Bay. The English Ad- 
 miral’s loss w r as trifling, but his own 
 ship was disabled, and the rigging of 
 others was destroyed. In 1796 the 
 French expedition for the invasion of 
 Ireland by Carnot and Clarke, with 
 Theobald Wolfe Tone, as the organ of 
 the Irish Republicans, left Brest in I 
 I )ecember, conveying a force of 13,975 ( 
 men, or in round numbers to 14,000 I 
 men, but exaggerated at the time to [ 
 20,000 men, and even 25,000 men. | 
 Tone embarked on board the In- 
 domptable, a ship of the line, on the 
 1st of December, and on the 16th the 
 whole fleet left Brest in two divisions, 
 consisting in all of 17 ships of the 
 line, 13 frigates, 5 corvettes, 2 gun- 
 boats, and 6 transports, with 45,000 
 stand of arms, and an ample supply of 
 money ; the army on board under the 
 command of General Hoche, and in 
 this expedition the celebrated Grou- 
 chy, of Waterloo celebrity, was an 
 officer. In addition to the arms and 
 other stores, there were on board 20 
 pieces of field artillery and nine of 
 siege, including mortars and howitzers, 
 61,200 barrels of powder, 7,000,000 
 musket- cartridges, and 700,000 flints. 
 The French were indebted to a thick 
 fog, which continued for several days, 
 for escaping the English fleet, in its 
 
BAN 
 
 BAN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 several divisions under Sir Edward 
 Pellew, Admiral Colpoys, and Lord 
 Bridport, which cruised for them off 
 Brest ; and this fog caused them the 
 loss of several of their ships, which 
 parted company, among the missing 
 ships being the one having General 
 Hoche on board. Tone records his 
 deep mortification at this commence- 
 ment of the ill-starred expedition by 
 such observations in his Journal as 
 the following : — “ This damned fog 
 continues without interruption ; fog- 
 gy all day, and no appearance of our 
 comerades,” and other coarser ex- 
 pressions, sufficiently indicate his state 
 of mental excitement. After various 
 disasters, one of which was the loss of 
 a 74 ship, by striking on a rock, and 
 only 30 out of 550 men were saved, and 
 that of another driven on shore, when 
 1000 out of 1800 men perished, the 
 body of the fleet, after wasting much 
 time in cruising, found themselves in 
 Bantry Bay, in which only 16 ships 
 anchored. On the day following their 
 arrival a heavy gale again dispersed 
 them ; on the morning of the 26th 
 the fleet was reduced to seven sail of 
 the line and one frigate ; and a hurri- 
 cane succeeding, they were driven 
 out of the Bay, and the whole expedi- 
 tion was a total failure, it being utter- 
 ly impossible for them to effect a 
 landing. Of the French ships, the 
 Impatiente was wrecked on the Mizzen 
 Head, and only seven of the crew es- 
 caped ; the Surveillante was captured 
 and scuttled in Bantry Bay ; the Scse- 
 vola gun-boat foundered off the Irish 
 coast ; the Ville d’Orient transport 
 was captured by the Unicorn, and 
 carried into Kinsale ; and the Tartare 
 was taken after a short action by the 
 Polyphemus, and towed into Cork. 
 Such was part of the results of an ex- 
 pedition which will long be remember- 
 ed in the vicinity of Bantry Bay. Tone 
 records in his Journal his feelings of 
 bitter disappointment. “I confess, 
 myself, I now look on the expedition 
 as impracticable. The enemy has 
 had seven days to prepare for us, and 
 three or perhaps four days more be- 
 140 
 
 fore we could arrive at Cork ; and 
 we are now too much reduced, in all 
 respects, to make the attempt with any 
 prospect of success — so all is over. 
 Notwithstanding all our blunders, it 
 is the dreadful stormy weather and 
 easterly winds which have been blow- 
 ing previously, and without intermis- 
 sion, since we made Bantry Bay, that 
 have ruined us. Well, England has 
 not had such an escape since the Spa- 
 nish Armada, and that expedition, 
 like ours, was defeated by the wea- 
 ther. The elements fight against us, 
 and courage is here of no avail.” 
 This unhappy man was taken prisoner 
 in 1798, tried at Dublin, and sentenced 
 to be executed for high treason ; but 
 he escaped the gibbet by inflicting a 
 deep wound across his neck with a 
 secreted penknife on the even ing pre- 
 vious to his execution, of which he 
 died seven or eight days afterwards. 
 
 BANTRY, a Barony in the county 
 of Wexford, on the western side of 
 that county, bounded by the rivers 
 Barrow and Ross on the west, which 
 separate it from the county of Kil- 
 kenny ; by the Blackstair Mountains 
 on the north-west, which separate it 
 from the county of Carlow; and by 
 the Barony of Scarewalsh in Wexford 
 county; by the river Slaney on the 
 east, dividing the district from Bal- 
 lagheene Barony, and by the Barony 
 of Shelmalier on the south. A great 
 part of this district consists of a deep 
 alluvial soil well adapted for tillage, 
 and contains abundance of turf, with 
 the advantage of procuring limestone 
 from the counties of Kilkenny and 
 Carlow, though at a considerable ex- 
 pense and labour. Agriculture is in 
 a greatly improved state ; the planta- 
 tions are now of considerable import- 
 ance ; and the peasantry, on the whole, 
 in better circumstances and more 
 comfortable than in several other 
 counties. The principal crops are 
 wheat, oats, barley, flax, and potatoes, 
 but great care is now paid to beans, 
 turnips, and other green crops. A 
 farm of 100 acres is considered large, 
 and the extent of the fields and in- 
 
BAR OF IRELAND. BAR 
 
 closures is generally regulated by the 
 size of the farm, and the quantity of 
 arable and pasture land. The prin- 
 cipal towns are Old Ross, Ross, and 
 several villages. This Barony con- 
 tains 17 parishes. 
 
 BARANACK, or Barnack, an 
 island belonging to the parish of 
 Kilmore, county of Mayo, at the en- 
 trance of the estuary of Elly, in Black 
 Sod Bay. It contains the ruins of a 
 castle. 
 
 BARBERSTOWN, a townland 
 and hamlet in the parish of Taptoo, 
 county of Kildare, in the vicinity of 
 which are the ruins of the church and 
 round tower of Taptoo or Taghadoe. 
 The residence of Barberstown orna- 
 ments the neighbourhood. 
 
 B ARGIE, or Bargy, a Barony con- 
 joined with that of Forth in the 
 county of Wexford, stretching inland 
 to the north from the shore of Bally- 
 teigue Bay and Bannovv Harbour on 
 the south, having the Barony of Shel- 
 burne on the west, and that of Forth 
 on the east. The Baronies of Bargie 
 and Forth are commonly called the 
 English Baronies , and are said to con- 
 tain about 63,177 English statute acres. 
 Both districts are fertile, and in good 
 cultivation. The general introduc- 
 tion of clover and grass seeds effected 
 avast improvement in both Baronies; 
 there is abundance of marl, vast 
 quantities of calcareous sand on the 
 shore, and much floating sea-weed. 
 The tenantry are remarkably indus- 
 trious, and even in 1807 were described 
 as “ not only superior to those in any 
 other district of Ireland, but very 
 little inferior to many of the happiest 
 districts of Great Britain.’* 
 
 In the Second Volume of the Trans- 
 actions of the Royal Irish Academy, 
 General Vallency says — “ The people 
 of these Baronies live well, are indus- 
 trious, cleanly, and of good morals ; th e 
 poorest farmer eats meat twice a-week, 
 and the table of the wealthy farmer is 
 daily covered with beef, mutton, or 
 fowl. The beverage is home- brewed 
 ale and beer, of an excellent flavour 
 and colour. The houses of the poor- 
 141 
 
 est are well built and thatched; all 
 have out-offices for cattle, fowls, carts, 
 or cars. The population are w<dl 
 clothed, strong, and laborious. Such 
 is their aversion to idleness, that if a 
 beggar is met in these Baronies, he is 
 immediately handed from house to 
 house, till he is out of the district.” 
 Those personally acquainted with 
 these Baronies will be able to judge 
 of this pleasing description applied in 
 1841. The Barony contains 13 parishes. 
 After the landing of the English, a 
 colony was established in this district, 
 whose descendants long continued a 
 distinct people, and whose language 
 differs considerably from that of the 
 Irish generally at the present time. 
 The Baronies of Bargie and Forth are 
 justly considered the richest tracts of 
 land in the south of Ireland. 
 
 BARLEY-COVE, a small bay on 
 the coast of Cork, in the parish of 
 Kilmore, situated at the south-western 
 extremity of Ireland, between Mizzen 
 Head and Browliead. At the entrance 
 the shores are rocky on both sides, but 
 the beach within is sandy. 
 
 BARNA, a straggling village up- 
 wards of three miles from the town 
 of Galway, on a small arm of Galway 
 Bay, and near it is the elegant resi- 
 dence of Barna, on a fine situation. 
 
 BARNAGEE MOUNTAINS, or 
 Barney-na-gee, a group of moun- 
 tains in the county of Mayo, between 
 Clew Bay and Lough Conn. The 
 north side consists of rural cliffs, but 
 the south side is a gently inclined 
 plane, cultivated to upwards of 150 
 feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 BARNAIIELY, a parish in the 
 Barony of Kinnalea, county and Dio- 
 cese of Cork. See Cork. 
 
 BARNANE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Skerrin, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, long united with the parishes 
 of Killoskehane and Kilfithmone. 
 Population in 1831, 775. Post town, 
 Templemore. 
 
 BARNISH GAP, a well known pass 
 in the neighbourhood of Newry, on 
 the road to Slieve-Gullion. 
 
BAR THE GAZETTEER BAR 
 
 BARNSMORE GAP, the com- 
 mencement of a mountain pass about 
 four miles west from Ballybofey, on 
 the road to the town of Donegal, in 
 the lofty range of Barnsmore. The 
 glen of its name is watered hy the 
 lonely Lough Mourne, or rather hy 
 the overflowings of that lake known 
 as Mourne-Beg, which join the Finn 
 at Ballybofey. The Glen of Barns- 
 more is three miles in length ; the 
 hills rising on each side to the height 
 of 1000 feet, and the scenery is wild, 
 but not particularly interesting. The 
 mail road from Sligo to Derry passes 
 through it. At the western entrance 
 are the ruins of a castle, said to have 
 been the residence of the Historian 
 Rapin, while composing his work. 
 
 BARN TICK, a village in the parish 
 of Clare Abbey, county of Clare, si- 
 tuated on a tributary of the St Fergus 
 river, within six miles of the post- 
 town of Ennis. 
 
 BARON’S COURT, the splendid 
 seat and demesne of the Marquis of 
 Abercorn, in the parish of Ardstraw, 
 county of Tyrone. See Ardstraw. 
 
 B ARONSTO WN, a parish and rec- 
 tory, annexed to two other parishes, 
 in the Barony of Upper Dundalk, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, upwards of six miles from 
 Dundalk. Population in 1831, 1012. 
 
 BARR, a small river in the Barony 
 of Raphoe, county of Donegal, which 
 falls into Lough Foyle. 
 
 BARRAGH, a parish and vicarage, 
 partly in the Barony of Forth, and 
 partly in that of St Mullins, county of 
 Carlow, and annexed Diocese of 
 Leighlin, about four miles from the 
 post-town of Clonegal. It is situated 
 near the Slaney river, and contains 
 the village of Kildavin and the town 
 of Newtown-Barry. Population in 
 1831, 4713. 
 
 BARRELS (ROCKS), a group of 
 Rocks in the Bay of Courtmasherry, 
 county of Wexford, lying south of 
 Culamene, or Coolmain Point, and 
 nearly half way between the Seven 
 Heads and the Light-House on the 
 Old Head of Kinsaie. 
 
 142 
 
 BARRELS (ROCKS), a group of 
 Rocks off the Barony of Forth, county 
 of Wexford, in St George’s Channel, 
 nearly mid -way between Tasker 
 Light-House, and upwards of a quar- 
 ter of a mile south-west of Carnsore 
 Point ; also about the same distance 
 north-east of the station of Coning- 
 beg Light-Ship. 
 
 BARRETS, or Barret’s-Grange, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Middlethird, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Cashel, annexed to 
 several adjacent parishes, and in the 
 vicinity of the post-town of Fethard. 
 
 BARRETTS, a Barony of the 
 county of Cork, conjoined with Mus- 
 kerry, locally pronounced Muskry , 
 and like it extremely irregular in out- 
 line. Barretts is the smaller district 
 of the two. The river Lee traverses 
 the conjoined districts. The surface 
 is generally stony, where it is not 
 boggy, and though mountainous, pos- 
 sesses few objects of sublimity or 
 grandeur as it respects scenery. In 
 Muskerry is the famous lake of Grou- 
 gane Barra, of a gloomy aspect, so 
 named from St Finbar, one of the 
 “ raal ouln" saints of Ireland, and the 
 same holy man who is reported to 
 have founded the cathedral dedicated 
 to him in Cork. His supposed re- 
 treat on the margin of the lake is still 
 held in great veneration hy the Ro- 
 man Catholics (see Grougane Bar- 
 ra). Ballincollig, with its gun- 
 powder mills and military establish- 
 ment, is in the Barretts district of 
 the Barony. “ The entire of the pea- 
 santry of the Barony,” says a writer 
 in the “ Quarterly Journal of Agri- 
 culture,” No. 50, September 1840, 
 “ and the same may be said of the 
 county at large, subsist upon pota- 
 toes ; they do not even relish oaten 
 bread or porridge, and complain that 
 either sickens them. While potatoes 
 continue to he their sole article of 
 food, it is in vain to expect a suffi- 
 ciency of manure for general farm 
 purposes. The insufficiency of ma- 
 nure must always prove a radical im- 
 pediment to real improvement.” 
 
BAR OF IRELAND. BAR 
 
 BARROE, a small lake belonging 
 to the Barony of Cremorne, county of 
 Monaghan. 
 
 BARROW, anciently Birga , Breva, 
 and Breba , and afterwards Barragh, 
 or the Boundary River , because it 
 proved for several centuries the 
 boundary between the English Pale 
 and the Irish Chiefs, a navigable river, 
 which rises at Glenbarrow, in the 
 Slieve-bloom Mountains, on the bor- 
 ders of the King's and Queen’s County, 
 a few miles west of Portarlington. It 
 first flows to the east, passing that 
 town, and separating the two above 
 mentioned counties, till it touches the 
 border of the county of Kildare at 
 Monasterevan, when it takes a south- 
 ern direction, dividing the Queen’s 
 County from Kildare. Continuing 
 its southern course, the Barrow pas- 
 ses through the inland part of the 
 county of Carlow, which it separates 
 from Kilkenny on the west. Its sub- 
 sequent course is still south, separat- 
 ing Wexford on the east from Kil- 
 kenny and Waterford. At Ringwood, 
 two miles above the town of New 
 Ross, the Barrow is joined by the 
 Nore, and these united rivers are, 
 lower down, augmented by the Suir, 
 which forms its junction to the east 
 of the episcopal city of Waterford. 
 Both these streams join the Barrow 
 on its right or west side ; but many 
 others of smaller note, such as Burn 
 and Griss, pour in their waters. 
 Below Waterford, the united rivers 
 enter Waterford Harbour or Haven, 
 on the Atlantic. Between its junc- 
 tion with the Nore and the Suir, the 
 river is sometimes designated New 
 Ross. 
 
 The confluence of the Barrow, 
 the Nore, and the Suir, near 
 Check Point, is noticed by Spencer 
 in the beautiful stanza (Canto IX. 
 verse 43) of the Faery Queen, con- 
 taining his episode to the marriage 
 of the Thames and the Medway. The 
 three rivers, immortalised by the 
 Poet, were formerly designated the 
 Three Sisters , because, though they 
 watered different counties, their 
 143 
 
 sources are in the same ridge of 
 mountains. The mouth of the united 
 rivers forms a secure haven, upwards 
 of nine miles in length, and having 
 excellent anchorage. The Barrow 
 opens a communication from the At- 
 lantic to the towns of New Ross, 
 Graiguenemanagh, Wells, Carlow, 
 Leighlin-Bridge, Castledermot, Mary- 
 borough, Monasterevan, Kildare, 
 Clonbullock, Philipstown, Edenderry, 
 Kinnegad, Mullingar, and other 
 places ; and the wide spreading valley 
 which it traverses in one part, blends 
 with the verdant slopes of the Clo- 
 grenan Hills on the north, while to- 
 wards the south the distant scenery, 
 bounded by the Blackstairs and Bran- 
 don ranges, is peculiarly imposing; 
 but eastward of this district the coun- 
 try is remarkably flat, and stretches 
 beyond Athy, till the river meets the 
 extensive bogs of Kildare. 
 
 Very considerable sums of money, 
 under Parliamentary sanction, have 
 been expended to render the Barrow 
 navigable, and it appears from a Re- 
 port made to the House of Commons 
 by the Board of Inland Navigation in 
 Ireland, that not less than nearly 
 L.42,000 had been so appropriated 
 previous to 1811. Much has been 
 done since that year, and in 1841 the 
 river was navigable from its junction 
 with the Suir at Cheek Point to New 
 Ross, a distance of 25 miles, for ves- 
 sels of 200 tons. That town is thus 
 enabled to carry on a very exten- 
 sive export trade in agricultural pro- 
 duce. A considerable bar below the 
 junction of the Barrow and the Nore 
 prevents the farther passage of ves- 
 sels of any great burden, except at 
 certain states of the tide. Above the 
 quay at New Ross the river is navi- 
 gable for barges to Athy, a distance 
 of 65 miles in a direct line from its 
 mouth, and from Athy the commu- 
 nication is continued to Dublin by 
 the Grand Canal. By these barges 
 great quantities of corn, butter, and 
 other produce, are conveyed from the 
 upper districts to Waterford for ex- 
 portation. There is now steam con- 
 
BAR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER BAR 
 
 veyance between New Ross and Wa- 
 terford, and the trade is rapidly in- 
 creasing. The improvements in the 
 Barrow navigation have been of great 
 advantage both in reclaiming land 
 previously liable to be inundated, and 
 by giving ready and cheap access for 
 the agricultural produce to the Eng- 
 lish markets. 
 
 BARROW (LITTLE,) a tributary 
 of the Barrow, which carries off the 
 water from the bogs surrounding the 
 town of Rathangan, on the Grand 
 Canal, and after receiving the Fea- 
 gill river, and various streamlets, 
 runs through the town, and falls into 
 the Barrow above Monasterevan. 
 
 BARROW-MOUNT, a village in 
 the parish of Grange-Silvia, county 
 of Kilkenny, in the neighbourhood of 
 Gorebridge. Fairs are held in April, 
 June, August, and October. 
 
 BARRY, a village in the parish of 
 Tashinney, county of Longford, four 
 miles from the post-town of Colehill. 
 Near it are the residences of Dury 
 Hall and Lisglasic. Between this 
 village and that of Keenagh is a con- 
 siderable tract of bog. 
 
 BARRYMORE, a Barony in the 
 county of Cork conjoined with Kil- 
 nataloon, but the latter, viewed as a 
 distinct locality, has few objects of 
 general agricultural interest. Its 
 southern portion, contains several 
 fine demesnes, but its northern part is 
 moory and mountainous, though con- 
 siderably improved, especially the 
 property of the Duke of Devonshire, 
 on which are several excellent farm- 
 houses. This united district extends 
 to the Harbour of Cork on the south, 
 where, and also on its northern ex- 
 tremity, it has the advantage of abun- 
 dance of limestone. The small vil- 
 lage of Watergrasshill, in Barrymore, 
 is said to occupy the most elevated 
 spot in the county, but the ascent 
 from Cork city is gradual, which ren- 
 ders the height not so apparent. The 
 soil in this quarter is described as 
 poor, and the tillage indifferent. In 
 the vicinity of Lisnagar, a seat of 
 Lord Riversdale, near the small town 
 144 
 
 of Rathcormack, the dwellings of the 
 farmers and cottagers are neat and 
 apparently comfortable, and the state 
 of cultivation is improved, there be- 
 ing comparatively little bog, though 
 the soil is varied. About four miles 
 northward is the range known as 
 Nagle's Mountains , on the highest 
 elevation of which is the conical pile 
 of stones called Cairn Thierna, or the 
 Lord's Cairn, indicating the spot 
 where the chief or thierna rallied his 
 clan. Lime is greatly used through- 
 out the Barony of Barrymore and 
 adjacent districts, and much of it is 
 burnt in what are designated running 
 kilns with peat or furze, but the mode 
 of using it is still very defective. 
 According to the Report of the Com- 
 missioners for Railways, one year’s 
 produce of the limestone quarries at 
 Rock Farm, on Little Island in the 
 Barony, within four miles of Cork on 
 the estuary of the Lee, amounted to 
 12,000 tons, manufactured, at 13s. per 
 ton ; and 44,000 tons, rough, at Is. 3d. 
 per ton, conveyed by wharfs. The 
 value of a barrel of lime throughout 
 the county of Cork is stated to be 
 elevenpence. The late Edward 
 Roche, Esq. of Kildinin, did much to 
 reclaim waste land in this Barony. 
 He improved 1700 acres of mountain 
 tract, having rendered arable 500 
 acres elsewhere, and by his liberality 
 to his tenants, to whom he granted 
 leases of 31 years at 2s. 6d. per acre 
 on certain conditions, as well as by 
 his own activity and enterprise, he 
 succeeded in fertilizing the tract now 
 mentioned, which had few local ad- 
 vantages beyond its southern expo- 
 sure and gradual declination. See 
 Cork. 
 
 BARRY’S POINT, a cape in the 
 parish of Nohoval, on the coast of 
 Cork county, three miles east of 
 Oyster Haven, and six miles east of 
 Kinsale. 
 
 BARRYROE, a small Barony in 
 the county of Cork, conjoined with 
 Ibawne. It extends along the coast, 
 and though it contains much coarse 
 land, it possesses peculiar fertility. 
 
BAR OF IRELAND. BAT 
 
 The district is intersected by a range 
 of hills, and a considerable number 
 of sheep are pastured, but no attempt 
 is made to protect them from the 
 winter storm, and the only shelter is 
 that afforded by the lee side of the 
 furze banks. “ With the small far- 
 mers,” says a writer in 1840, “these 
 poor animals are invariably fettered 
 with straw ropes to keep them within 
 bounds; and it is surprising that 
 they thrive under such circum- 
 stances ; but they at least live, and 
 supply wool and milk to the owners, 
 many of whom, though in the rank 
 of farmers, are not owners of a cow. 
 — The want of turf is experienced, 
 from the extent of the population, 
 and the consequent consumption of 
 the local supply, which is now scanty ; 
 but as there are several coal vessels 
 trading with Newport, the natural 
 deficiency of the fuel is sufficiently 
 supplied. Fishing affords much em- 
 ployment and considerable profit 
 here, as on the other parts of the 
 coast of this county. — Though the 
 population are principally employed 
 in agriculture, many of them derive 
 the means of subsistence from weav- 
 ing coarse linen and cotton cords.” 
 The town of Timoleague is the only 
 one in the Barony. There is a har- 
 bour at Courtmasherry, from which 
 the tide flows up to Timoleague. In 
 the neighbourhood of this harbour 
 are beautiful plantations and woods, 
 on the confines of the Barony, which 
 ornament the maritime locality. The 
 demesne of Lord Carbery, though 
 adjacent to the Barony of Carbery, is 
 within this Barony. “ The appear- 
 auce of much wood,” says the writer 
 already quoted, “in a situation so 
 completely exposed to the ocean, is 
 truly astonishing. This has been 
 effected by planting alders, and broom 
 hedges on the weather side as nurses. 
 These have been more or less sacri- 
 ficed to the blast, but the trees flou- 
 rish within the nursery screens, and 
 in every part of the demesne where 
 elevations of land have defended them 
 in their earlier years. His Lordship 
 145 
 
 has of course raised forest trees and 
 shrubs in nurseries on the spot ; and 
 these being here acclimated, with- 
 stand the rigours of the Atlantic 
 blast, though trees not reared in such 
 a locality would vainly struggle for 
 an. existence. Within the demesne, 
 at Castlefreke, some coins of the age 
 of Athelstane, and Edmund his son, 
 have been found by Lord Carbery.” 
 
 B ARTR A CH, an island often called 
 Bvrterach in the charts, belonging to 
 the parish of Killala, county of Mayo, 
 and lying in Killala Bay. It is about 
 two and a half miles in length, and 
 half a mile in breadth. On the island 
 is a neat residence. 
 
 BASLICK, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ballintobber, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 forming a part of the Union of Bal- 
 lintobber. Here was an ancient ab- 
 bey, at which a holy man called St 
 Sacellus flourished in the time of St 
 Patrick; and another holy man, a cer- 
 tain Abbot St Cormac, died in it 
 about A.D. 800. In this parish is the 
 small village of Castle-Plunket, and 
 the post-village of French Park is 
 four miles distant. Population in 
 1831, 3574. * 
 
 BATTLEBRIDGE, a locality on 
 the Shannon, at the southern extre- 
 mity of Lough Allen, in the Carrick- 
 on-Shannon District, at which the se- 
 veral mills “ were proposed to be re- 
 moved,” according to the Statement 
 of the Commissioners for Improving 
 the Shannon, “and consequently no 
 revenue can be expected therefrom.” 
 In the Fourth Report of the Commis- 
 sioners, printed in 1839, it is stated — 
 “It will be necessary to raise the 
 water surface in the (Lough Allen) 
 Canal, between the locks at Battle- 
 bridge and Drumleague, one foot two 
 inches above its present surface.” 
 The estimated expense is L.5581. In 
 this quarter of the river it is remark- 
 ably circuitous, and is rather narrow' 
 near the lock proposed to be con- 
 structed. An alteration in the line of 
 road from Leitrim to Battlebridge is 
 also suggested. 
 
 i w 
 
BEA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BEA 
 
 BAULICK, a parish and entire i 
 rectory in the Barony of Slievehar- 
 dagh, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 2271. Post-town, Thurles. 
 
 BAWN, Blacknow, or Baunri- 
 chen, a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Galway, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory, in the Union 
 of Burnchurch. In the village of its 
 name fairs are held on Ascension 
 Day, and on the 29th of October. 
 Post -town, Rathdowney. 
 
 BAWN (LOUGH), a small lake in 
 the county of Westmeath, about two 
 miles distant from the village of Col- 
 linstown, lying between the low hills 
 of Carrick and Ballinclough. Near 
 it is the mansion of Archer stown. 
 
 BAWN ISLAND, a small inhabited 
 island in Strangford Lough. 
 
 BAWNBOY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Tomregan, county of Cavan, 
 about five miles from Ballyconnel. 
 Near it is the residence of Bawnboy 
 House. 
 
 BAYLIN, a small hamlet about 
 four miles from Athlone, on the Mul- 
 lingar road. In the vicinity are Moy- 
 drum Castle, the splendid seat of 
 Viscount Castlemaine, and the resi- 
 dences of Twyford, Belleville, Dor- 
 ington-Walderstown, and Carne Park. 
 
 BEAGH, or Behaghs, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, annexed to the 
 rectory and vicarage of Ardrahan, in 
 the Barony of Kiltartan, county of 
 Galway, and annexed Diocese of Kil- 
 macduagh. A part of the town of 
 Gort is in the parish, which contains 
 the village of Tubbers. A Francis- 
 can monastery was founded here 
 after 1441. Population in 1831, 5343. 
 
 BEAL, a village in the parish of 
 Kilconloe, or Kilconly, county of Ker- 
 ry, on the south bank of the Shannon. 
 The ruins of Beal Castle, formerly a 
 residence of the Earls of Kerry, and 
 dismantled in 1600, are finely situated 
 on a prominent elevation overlooking 
 the river where it is several miles 
 broad. A fair is held in the village 
 on the 24th of September. Post-town, 
 Ballylongford. 
 
 i BEALANTRA, a bridge over the 
 Shannon, leading from the parish of 
 Kiltoghert, county of Leitrim, into 
 the county of Roscommon, at the 
 lower end of Lough Allen, but above 
 Battlebridge. The course of the 
 Shannon, as it here issues from the 
 lake, above the town of Drumshanbo 
 in Leitrim, is choked up with seve- 
 ral small islands, eel-wiers, and the 
 numerous deposits carried down by 
 the Arigna river. The bridge at 
 Bealantra is described by the Shan- 
 non Commissioners in their Fourth 
 Report, in 1839, as “ in a ruinous con- 
 dition, and of little or no use, a new 
 line of road having been made about 
 half a mile lower down the river, in 
 place of that which passes over this 
 bridge.” The bridge consisted of 
 four clumsy arches, and in the vici- 
 nity three smaller ones, two of these 
 on the Roscommon side, caused by an 
 islet formed by the Shannon as it is- 
 sues from Lough Allen, and one on 
 the Leitrim side, on the road from 
 Drumshanbo, over the Lough Allen 
 Canal. The estimated expense of the 
 improvements at Bealantra is upwards 
 of L.2000. 
 
 BEALAVEENY, a stream which 
 issues from the Maum Thomaus 
 Mountains, and falls into one of the 
 numerous bays on the coast of Mayo. 
 
 BEALDANGAN BAY, one of the 
 upper arms of the capacious Bay of 
 Kilkerran, near which is Bealdangan 
 Pass. Here great improvements have 
 been effected by the Board of Works. 
 
 BEALNABRACK a village in the 
 parish of Ross, county of Galway, on 
 a stream of the same name, not far 
 from Oughterard. The Glen of Beal- 
 nabrack stretches from Lough Cor- 
 rib, at the head of the navigable part 
 of which is a small comfortable inn, 
 to Killery ; in other words, from Maum 
 to Lenane. On the west of the Glen 
 is a chain of round-topped and steep 
 mountains, which rise to a height of 
 2000 feet, and separate it from the al- 
 most parallel Glen of Lough Ina ; on 
 the east river the deep range of moun 
 tains extends to the shores of Lough 
 
 146 
 
BEC 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BEG 
 
 Mask. The Bealnabrack stream is- 
 sues from Lough Corrib. In this 
 quarter the glens and valleys are tor- 
 tuous, the plains broken by hills and 
 mountains, isolated or in groups, and 
 the streams expand into small lakes. 
 
 BEAMORE, a townland and de- 
 mesne in the parishes of Colpe and Kil- 
 sharven, county of Meath, about three 
 miles from Drogheda, containing the 
 ruins of the Priory of Kilmainham. 
 
 BEAR ISLAND. SccBantryBay 
 and Bere. 
 
 BEARHAVEN. See Berehaven. 
 
 BEAULIEU, or Bewley, a parish 
 and rectory on the Irish Sea, in the 
 Barony of Ferrard, county of Louth, 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh, two 
 miles from Drogheda. A fine old seat 
 in this parish was erected by Lord 
 Ferrard. Population in 1831, 535. 
 
 BEAULIEU, or Owning, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Iverk, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory, about five miles from 
 Carrick-on-Suir. See Whitechurch. 
 
 BECAN, or Bekan, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Costello, county of Mayo, and Diocese 
 of Tuam. It is principally under 
 tillage, and is a grazing district. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 5659. 
 
 BECTIVE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Upper Navan, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, watered by the 
 Boyne. The village of Bective, or 
 Bective Bridge, is a poor and melan- 
 choly place, finely situated on the 
 Boyne. The beautifully wooded de- 
 mesne of Bellinter, in which is the 
 elegant seat so called, stretches along 
 the banks of the Boyne, and connects 
 with the plantations of Bective House, 
 which extend to the village. Here 
 are the impressive ruins of Bective 
 Abbey, founded in 1146 by Murtagh 
 O’Melaghlin, King of Meath, for monks 
 of the Cistertian Order, the demesne 
 of which alone comprised 395 acres at 
 the dissolution of the monasteries. 
 The cloisters and the tower are to- 
 lerably entire, on the banks of the 
 Boyne, and on the cross road leading 
 from the fine demesne of Dowestown 
 147 
 
 to the post-town of Trim, about six 
 miles distant. Near the village stood 
 Bective Castle, erected in the eleventh 
 century. Opposite to Bective House, 
 on the other side of the Boyne, are 
 the old demesne of Balsoon, and the 
 ruins of Asigh Castle. The country 
 in this quarter is remarkably beauti- 
 ful. Bective gives the title of Earl 
 to the Marquis of Headfort in the 
 Peerage of Ireland. Sir Thomas Tail- 
 your, Bart., created Baron Headfort 
 in 1760, and Viscount Headfort in 1762, 
 was advanced to the dignity of Earl 
 of Bective in 1766. His son Thomas, 
 second Earl, was advanced to the dig- 
 nity of Marquis of Headfort in 1800. 
 Fairs are held in the village on the 
 16th of May and 1st of November. 
 Population in 1831, 671. 
 
 BEG (LOUGH), a small lake in the 
 county of Antrim, separated by Toome, 
 a neck of land, from Lough Neagh, 
 in the vicinity of the Lower Bann. 
 
 BEG-ERY, a corruption of Beg - 
 Erin, or Little Ireland, an island near 
 the entrance of Wexford Harbour. 
 
 BEGGAR’S BRIDGE, a most ap- 
 propriately named village in the pa- 
 rish of Castlelost, county of West- 
 meath. “ The cause of its name,” 
 says the author of the “ Tour in Con- 
 naught,” 1839, “ is not a little re- 
 markable. In old times, as was the 
 case in most parts of Ireland, the tra- 
 veller was obliged to ford over the 
 small river that crossed the road, and 
 here stood a beggar who, as the way- 
 faring man slowly picked his passage 
 over the water from an adjoining 
 bank, asked alms, and invoked all the 
 saints in heaven to aid, and bring to | 
 his journey’s end, him that lent to I 
 God by showing pity on the poor. 
 He was surely an Irishman who said 
 or sung the stave — Of all the trades 
 a-going, a-begging is the best l Thus 
 our beggarman throve surpassingly, 
 for so ragged, so wretched, so squalid 
 looked he, that no man could pass by, 
 and it was a great thoroughfare, with- 
 out giving him alms. It so happened 
 that the beggarman died and was bu- 
 ried. A coffin and winding-sheet 
 
- -- ' - - - - 
 
 CEL THE GAZETTEER BEL 
 
 were provided for him at the expense 
 of the neighbours, and his filthy rags, 
 as altogether offensive and unfit for 
 use, were cast out on the wayside, to 
 be trodden under foot. But it so 
 happened that as some hoys were 
 playing on the roadside, one of them 
 gave an unusual toss to the beggar’s 
 rags, and out fell a piece of money, 
 whereupon a more accurate search 
 was made, and it was found that the 
 ragged inside waistcoat was quilted 
 with guineas. The boys who found 
 this money carried it to a neighbour- 
 ing magistrate, who directed that a 
 bridge should be erected with it over 
 the stream, on the banks of which is 
 the little village, unde derivatur Beg- 
 gars Bridge.” 
 
 BEG-INNIS, an islet on the coast 
 of Kerry. 
 
 BEG-OF-RATH, a small village in 
 the parish of Tullyallen, county of 
 Louth. 
 
 BEL AN, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Kilkea and Moone, 
 about four miles from the post village 
 of Ballytore, county of Kildare, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. Near the 
 village of its name was a castle de- 
 molished by Oliver Cromwell, but it 
 was rebuilt in a magnificent style, and 
 both King James II. and King Wil- 
 liam III. resided and were entertained 
 in it when in this quarter of Ireland. 
 It was formerly the property of the 
 Lords Fitzharding, but is now the 
 seat of the Earl of Aldborough. Two 
 miles farther is Kilkea Castle, erected 
 by the fourth Earl of Kildare, now 
 repaired and occupied. The parish 
 is united to Timolin. See Timolin. 
 
 BELCLARE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Clare, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tuam, in the 
 Union of Tuam, three miles from that 
 town. Population in 1831, 2371. See 
 Tuam. 
 
 BELCOO, a small hamlet in the 
 Barony of Glenawley, county of Fer- 
 managh, on the banks of the stream 
 which connects the lakes of Upper 
 and Lower Macnean, half-a-mile dis- 
 tant from each other. The stream is 
 148 
 
 here crossed by a bridge, called Belcoo 
 Bridge, about ten miles from Ennis- 
 killen, and one mile from the village of 
 Hollywell. Fairs are held in April, 
 June, August, October, and Novem- 
 ber. 
 
 BELEEK, a small town at the foot 
 of Lough Erne, from which timber, 
 coals, and other necessary articles, are 
 conveyed to Enniskillen by barges. 
 
 BELENAGARE, a little village six 
 miles from Tulsk, in the parish of 
 Kilcorky, and county of Roscommon. 
 It consists of a few slated and thatched 
 houses, and a number of straggling 
 cabins. Although it is a melancholy 
 and deserted-looking spot, ground has 
 been let in the vicinity as high as 
 L.2, 2s. per acre ; the roads leading 
 to it are shaded by trees in the hedge- 
 rows, and the old thorn hedges are 
 clipped and carefully preserved. On 
 the Roman Catholic chapel is an in- 
 scription, intimating that it was 
 founded by Owen O’Conor Don in 1819. 
 The roof consists of thin sand- stone 
 slates found in the neighbourhood. 
 Here is an old seat of the family 
 of O’Conor Don, which has been long 
 abandoned as a residence, but still 
 entire, and inhabited by labourers and 
 other dependants. It is an irregular 
 edifice, having numerous gables and 
 tall chimneys, and adjoining is an ex- 
 tensive square of offices. The seat of 
 the O’Conor Don, a modern edifice, is 
 in the vicinity. See Ballintobber. 
 
 BELFAST LOUGH, or Carrick- 
 fergtjs Bay, supposed to be the Vin - 
 derius of Ptolemy, is a well known in- 
 let of the sea on the south-east coast of 
 the county of Antrim, and north-west 
 coast of the county of Down. It is 
 said to be five miles in breadth at the 
 entrance between Groomsport and 
 Ballyholme Bay in Down, and Black 
 Head, below Carrickfergus, on the 
 promontory called Islandmagee in 
 Antrim ; and from this line the dis- 
 tance to Belfast quay below the 
 mouth of the Lagan is twelve miles. 
 The sail up or down Belfast Lough 
 is uncommonly beautiful; the land 
 is in the finest cultivation; towns 
 
BEL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BEL 
 
 and villages on both sides ; and 
 every where the indications of in- 
 dustry and enterprise. The stranger 
 who visits this part of Ireland for the 
 first time is sensibly impressed with 
 the fine appearance of the surround- 
 ing shores, diversified by elegant man- 
 sions and villas, fine plantations, sunny 
 fields, verdant parks, and variegated 
 scenery. The prominent mountain 
 of Divis, which rises in the back- 
 ground behind the town of Belfast to 
 the height of 1475 feet, protects the 
 Lough from the westerly winds, which 
 are most prevalent in this quarter. 
 In the Pool of Garmoyle, two miles 
 from the Antrim shore, one mile 
 from Holy wood, and about three miles 
 from the town, is excellent anchor- 
 age, and vessels can ride afloat at low 
 water, even within a cable’s length of 
 the “ tidal banks, which are covered 
 at high water.” From this Pool to 
 the quays of Belfast the old channel 
 is intricate, and minutely marked by 
 buoys. The Ballast Board formerly 
 maintained a depth of thirteen feet at 
 average tides up to the town. A 
 new cut or channel was, however, 
 opened in 1840, by which two of the 
 bends of the river, the most difficult 
 of navigation, were avoided. In the 
 straight channel, which is about a 
 mile in length, extending from the 
 entrance of Dunbar’s Dock to the 
 first reach below the mouth of the 
 Mile -water river (where there is 
 deep water), there is a depth of 
 twenty-one feet at high water of 
 average tides, and of ten feet at low 
 water. The formation of- the new 
 cut was executed by contract, at a 
 cost of L. 40, 000. By the increase of 
 depth thus afforded, vessels drawing 
 nine feet water are now enabled to 
 reach the lower quays at any period 
 of ebb-tide. This is the first of the 
 contemplated improvements of Bel- 
 fast harbour. A bill was introduced 
 into Parliament in 1841, to enable the 
 Ballast Corporation to proceed with 
 the second portion, namely, the 
 widening of the quays from Ritchie’s 
 Wharf to the site of the Old Long 
 149 
 
 Bridge, the filling up of the private 
 docks at right angles of the river, the 
 deepening of the channel in front of 
 the present wharves, &c. 
 
 BELFAST, as a town and sea-port, 
 is the fourth in Ireland in extent and 
 population ; the first in trade and 
 commerce ; and is more rapidly ad- 
 vancing in importance, magnitude, 
 and wealth, than any other port in the 
 kingdom. It is advantageously si- 
 tuated at the mouth of the river 
 Lagan, which was formerly crossed 
 by the Long Bridge, of twenty-one 
 arches. In 1840 the ruinous condi- 
 tion of this structure rendered it un- 
 safe for traffic, and, by the joint re- 
 solutions of the Grand Juries of An- 
 trim and Down, a new bridge was 
 ordered to be erected on its site, 
 having five semicircular arches each 
 of fifty feet span, and with a breadth 
 of forty feet between the range-walls. 
 There is thus 250 feet of water-way 
 in the river, with a considerable 
 space filled up by dead work at either 
 bank. The foundation of the new 
 bridge was laid in 1841, and the esti- 
 mated cost is L.27,000. It is situate 
 a few hundreds of yards above the 
 debouch of the Lagan into Belfast 
 Lough. The town is partly in the 
 Upper and partly in the Lower j 
 Half Barony of its name, county of j 
 Antrim, about 324 miles north-west 
 of London, and 80 English miles from 
 Dublin, byDrogheda, Dundalk, Newry, 
 Bannbridge, Hillsborough, and Lis- 
 burn. The town also gives its name 
 to the parish, which is a vicarage in 
 the Diocese of Down and Connor. 
 The parish of Belfast was once called 
 Shankhill, and contains 18,411 acres; 
 and the townlandof Ballymacarrett, on 
 the opposite side of the Lagan, in the 
 county of Down, now a very populous 
 suburb, is included in the Parliament- 
 ary borough. The position of Belfast, 
 on the confines of two great and im- 
 portant counties, having a secure and 
 excellent harbour, and extended wa- 
 ter and railroad communication with 
 the interior, is in every respect most 
 advantageous, while the surrounding 
 
BEL THE GAZETTEER BEL 
 
 scenery is of great beauty and variety. 
 The rich, fertile, and delightful vale 
 of the Lagan is skirted on the western 
 side by mountains of considerable 
 height and bold outline in a continu- 
 ous chain, one of which, already 
 mentioned, overhangs the town. This 
 elevated range renders the Antrim 
 side of Belfast Lough remarkably pic- 
 turesque. Near the town are gar- 
 I dens, villas, and numerous sweet rural 
 resorts, romantic villages, sea-bathing 
 retreats, and other attractive objects. 
 The extensive bleachfields must not 
 be forgotten. The principal of these 
 are a mile or two from the town, and 
 it is the general practice of the pro- 
 prietor to have his residence near these 
 important works. The Lough is con- 
 tinually enlivened and diversified by 
 steamers from Scotland and England, 
 and numerous vessels of all descrip- 
 tions. “ The country round Belfast,” 
 says Mr Inglis, “is extremely beautiful. 
 The Lough stretches on one side, and 
 the fine and tolerably elevated range of 
 hills which bound it, and partly encircle 
 the town, present much beauty and va- 
 riety, their slopes thickly studded with 
 the country houses of the merchants. 
 But the environs of Belfast are seen 
 to most advantage in an excursion to 
 Carrickfergus. Choose the time of 
 full tide to leave Belfast for Carrickfer- 
 gus, and no one can be otherwise than 
 delighted. The scenery on Belfast 
 Lough is not bold; it is soft and 
 pleasing. The breadth of the Lough 
 averages about four miles, and both the 
 Down and Antrim banks are finely 
 diversified by cultivation, and by nu- 
 merous seats and villages.” 
 
 Belfast occupies an extensive flat, 
 which has been reclaimed to a con- 
 siderable extent from the marshy 
 banks of the river. Hence, from the 
 low situation in which the town is 
 built, its appearance from a distance 
 is unimpressive, and it is not until 
 it is almost entered that the stranger 
 begins to perceive its extent, wealth, 
 and commercial importance. The 
 town is altogether modern, but the 
 I site of it is known in early history. 
 
 and during the earlier occupation 
 of Ulster by the English, by the name 
 Bealfearsaidh , or Fordmouth, and by 
 the Norman appellation of Le Ford, 
 and was considered an important 
 pass. This ford or pass naturally 
 originated the Castle for its protec- 
 tion, of the foundation of which no 
 historical record has been hitherto 
 found; but it is supposed to have 
 been built either by the celebrated 
 John De Courcy, or some of his 
 followers, and this Castle seems to 
 have been held by the English in con- 
 junction with the Castle of Carrickfer- 
 gus, a fortress of much more strength 
 and importance. The Castle of Bel- 
 fast was in possession of William 
 De Burgh, Earl of Ulster, when he 
 was murdered in it in 1333, and it was 
 probably in existence in 1315, when 
 Edward Bruce, brother of the great 
 Scotish King Robert, with a force of 
 6000 men, laid waste the northern 
 parts of the English Pale, which the 
 Poet Spencer alleges then extended 
 to Dunluce. This Scotish expedition, 
 it is well known, was undertaken at 
 the request of O’Neill and other Irish 
 chieftains, and this is said to be the 
 first mention of Belfast in history, 
 when Bruce plundered and destroyed 
 it, and other places and strongholds 
 belonging to the English. The town 
 and Castle, such as these were at the 
 time, fell into the hands of the Irish, 
 who long afterwards continued to 
 hold undisturbed possession of almost 
 the entire province of Ulster, the 
 English being successively too much 
 occupied with the civil wars of the 
 Houses of York and Lancaster, or the 
 Two Boses, as they were called, and 
 by their expeditions to conquer 
 France, to regain their lost sway in 
 the North of Ireland. 
 
 The murder of the Earl of Ulster 
 in the Castle of Belfast was perpetrat- 
 ed by the rebellious English, and had a 
 very considerable effect on the Pro- 
 vince generally, as they were induced 
 to invite the native Irish to their as- 
 sistance from beyond the Bann, whi- 
 ther they had been driven by the 
 
BEL OF IRELAND. BEL 
 
 early conquerors ; and those chiefs, 
 with their barbarian followers, almost 
 annihilated whatever civilization had 
 been forced upon that frontier of the 
 English Pale. The town of Belfast 
 must have been then, however, and 
 long afterwards, of the utmost insig- 
 nificance, if, indeed, there was any 
 town, for in Hollinshed’s Chronicle, 
 printed at London in 1586, it is not 
 mentioned in the enumeration of the 
 chief towns and havens in the coun- 
 ties of Antrim and Down, though 
 several are noticed which at the pre- 
 sent time are mere fishing villages. 
 
 The Castle of Belfast, or the Castle 
 of the Ford, now fell into the hands of 
 that sept of the O’Neills who were 
 known as the Clan- Hugh- Buy e, a 
 name which, by its modern orthogra- 
 phy of Claneboye, still distinguishes 
 two districts of the county of Down. 
 During the subsequent times, wh en the 
 English Pale was limited to Drogheda, 
 and Carrickfergus was almost the only 
 place in possession of the English be- 
 yond the Newry Mountains, the 
 Castle of Belfast w r as frequently 
 taken, dismantled, and repaired, but 
 it continued in the precarious posses- 
 sion of the O’Neills. In 1503, Gerald 
 Earl of Kildare, then Lord-Deputy, 
 who found it necessary to check the 
 power of the O’Neills, took the Castle, 
 and this is almost the first distinct 
 historical notice connected with the 
 fortress. Finding that he could not 
 maintain his ground, he dismantled 
 it, and retired to Dublin. The Irish 
 occupied and repaired it till 1512, 
 when it was again taken and destroy- 
 ed by the same Earl. In 1552 the 
 Castle w r as garrisoned by Sir James 
 Crofts, then Lord-Deputy, who pro- 
 bably erected the outworks, traces of 
 which remained after the commence- 
 ment of the 19th century, consisting 
 of strong earthen ramparts and a 
 deep fosse. Shortly after 1552, Hugh 
 MacNeill Oge, of Clan-Hugh-Buye, or 
 Claneboy, consented to hold it by a 
 legal tenure from the Crown, and he 
 was put in full possession ; but he 
 was killed in a conflict with a preda- 
 151 
 
 tory party from Scotland, and an 
 English officer, named Lane, was ap- 
 pointed his successor. The O’Neills, 
 however, still retained possession of 
 the surrounding districts, until the 
 rebellion of Shane (John) O’Neill de- 
 prived them of all their tenures, and | 
 Belfast Castle was, with all the estates 
 of the insurgent chiefs, confiscated. In 
 the “ Grand Inquisition of the County 
 of Down,” taken in 1621, many inte- 
 resting particulars are recorded of 
 this period. In 1571 Queen Elizabeth 
 granted to Sir Thomas Smith and his 
 son a considerable tract of country 
 within the districts of Claneboye and 
 the Great Ards, including the Castle 
 of Belfast. The document above 
 mentioned states, that “in the Queen’s 
 Earldom of Ulster, there be divers 
 parcels of land that be waste, or in- 
 habited by a wicked, barbarous, and 
 uncivil people, some Scottish, and 
 some wild Irish and that the said 
 Sir Thomas Smith and his son, “ with 
 a power of Englishmen, agree to sub- 
 due all, and plant them with faithful 
 subjects.” But the first attempt of 
 Sir Thomas Smith to take possession 
 was completely defeated ; his son, 
 who commanded the expedition, was 
 killed, and the adventurers under his 
 grant were dispersed. The “Inqui- 
 sition” states that Thomas Smith the 
 son entered the Earldom of Ulster in 
 1572, but did not subdue it — that the 
 various conditions specified in the 
 grant were not fulfilled — that the 
 Crown rent had not been paid, and 
 that the whole reverted to the Crown. 
 
 Walter Devereux, second Viscount 
 Hereford, and first Earl of Essex, 
 father of the celebrated and unfor- 
 tunate Earl, who was the favourite of 
 Queen Elizabeth, next attempted the 
 improvement and colonization of this 
 district. He was as unfortunate as 
 his predecessor, and after expending 
 a large sum of money, and many fatal 
 conflicts, his Lordship abandoned the 
 undertaking during the first year, and 
 died at Dublin in 1576, suspected of 
 having been poisoned at the instiga- 
 tion of the well-known Robert Dud- 
 
BEL THE GAZETTEER BEL 
 
 ley, Earl of Leicester. The Earl of Es- 
 sex perceived the natural advantages 
 of Belfast, and he strongly advised 
 the erection of a dockyard, which re- 
 commendation was subsequently re- 
 peated by Sir John Perrott, when he 
 visited the present site of the town, 
 then lying waste. Nothing, however, 
 was done till 1604, when Sir Arthur 
 Chichester, Lord-Deputy, who had 
 been most active in forwarding the 
 views of the Government for the co- 
 lonizing or “plantation” of the North- 
 ern counties of Ireland, received the 
 final grant from King James; and 
 from this period the rise of Belfast, 
 and, indeed, the general prosperity of 
 Antrim, may be dated, though the 
 town was of little importance for up- 
 wards of a century and a half after- 
 wards. Sir Arthur Chichester in- 
 duced many persons to emigrate from 
 his paternal possessions in Devon- 
 shire ; the general settlement of the 
 province of Ulster, about 1607, 1608, 
 and 1609, brought over multitudes of 
 English and Scotish colonists; and 
 Sir Arthur’s extensive estates were 
 soon peopled. The Castle of Belfast 
 was rebuilt ; Sir Arthur was created 
 Lord Chichester of Belfast in 1612; 
 and in 1613 the town had so far 
 increased and extended as to obtain 
 a charter, and the Corporation was 
 constituted, consisting of a sovereign, 
 twelve burgesses, and commonalty, 
 and the privilege of returning two 
 members to the Irish Parliament. 
 Lord Chichester died in 1624, and was 
 succeeded by his brother Edward, 
 elevated to the dignity of Viscount 
 Chichester and Baron of Belfast by 
 Charles I. His Lordship’s eldest son 
 was created Earl of Donegal in 1647. 
 It may be here mentioned, that the 
 Castle of Belfast continued the resi- 
 dence of the Noble Family of Chi- 
 chester till 1708, when the fabric was 
 destroyed by fire, by the carelessness 
 of a domestic, and three of the daugh- 
 ters of Arthur third Earl perished 
 in the flames. It is thus described 
 by an English visitor in 1635: — “At 
 Belfast my Lord Chichester built a 
 152 
 
 dainty stately palace, which is indeed 
 the glory and beauty of that town, 
 where he is mostly resident.” All 
 traces of this Castle have disappeared, 
 and its site is chiefly occupied by a 
 vegetable and fish market. 
 
 Although the Noble Family of Chi- 
 chester laid the foundation of the 
 future commercial prosperity of Bel- 
 fast, the celebrated and unfortunate 
 "Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, was 
 one of its greatest benefactors. That 
 nobleman, while exercising the vice- 
 regal authority in Ireland, purchased 
 on the part of the Crown, in 1637, cer- 
 tain monopolies long enjoyed by the 
 Corporation of Carrickfergus, one of 
 which was the privilege of receiving 
 one -third of the duties payable on 
 goods imported into that town. The 
 Earl opened the competition to its 
 better situated neighbour, and the 
 trade was rapidly transferred to Bel- 
 fast, which now began to flourish at 
 the expense of its rival. It is certain, 
 however, that some years previous 
 to this Belfast was in a prosperous 
 condition; and this state of affairs 
 probably forced on the Earl of Straf- 
 ford the purchase of the Carrickfer- 
 gus monopolies. But religious dis- 
 putes, chiefly between the Church of 
 Ireland and the Presbyterians from 
 Scotland, the unsettled state of the 
 kingdom during the succeeding years, 
 and the Rebellion of 1641, w r hich lat- 
 ter disaster threw the whole country 
 into tumult and dismay, greatly re- 
 tarded the improvement and pros- 
 perity of the town. To quote the 
 language of Dr Reid, in his “ History 
 of the Presbyterian Church in Ire- 
 land” — “ In Ulster the Rebellion broke 
 out at the appointed time, and from 
 the defenceless state of the Protest- 
 ants, met for a season with little re- 
 sistance. Many most important posts 
 were maintained chiefly by the promp- 
 titude and courage of the influential 
 nobility and gentry in their neigh- 
 bourhood, and among these were En- 
 niskillen, Carrickfergus, Belfast, Lis- 
 burn, &c. A proclamation was, how- 
 ever, issued at this time by Sir Owen 
 
BEL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BEL 1 
 
 Maginnis and Sir Phelim O’Neill, two 
 principal leaders of the insurgents, 
 which was of such a nature that, act- 
 ing upon it, the rebels became more 
 violent than ever. The greatest atro- 
 cities were committed, as neither 
 lives nor property were spared.” Dr 
 Reid acknowledges that, “ as a body, 
 the Presbyterians suffered less by the 
 ravages of the rebellion, than perhaps 
 any other class of men, and the rea- 
 son was, that the greater number of 
 their clergy and gentry had before 
 returned to Scotland, to avoid the 
 tyranny of Strafford.” But it is cer- 
 tain that the Presbyterians of Bel- 
 fast, after seeing their town succes- 
 sively occupied by the Royalists, the 
 Parliamentarians, and the rebels, for- 
 got their theological feuds with the 
 Church of Ireland, in the dread of 
 civil extinction, and during the sub- 
 sequent wars were well affected to 
 the Royal cause, and to that of the 
 Established Church. The Presbytery 
 of Belfast, at the murder of Charles I., 
 exhibited themselves in a manner 
 truly honourable, and in 1649 they 
 put forth a “ Representation” of the 
 “ present evils and imminent danger 
 to religion, laws, and liberties, arising 
 from the late and present practices of 
 the sectarian party in England.” In 
 this document they raised their “tes- 
 timony,” and expressed their indig 
 nation and disgust, in no measured 
 terms, against the atrocities and con - 
 duct of their former associates in 
 their warfare with the Church of Ire- 
 land. This sudden and unexpected 
 procedure on the part of the Belfast 
 Presbyterians excited against them 
 the vengeance of the Poet Milton, 
 who replied to their “ Representa- 
 tion” with great bitterness, designat- 
 ing them “ these blockish Presbyters 
 of Clandeboye,” “ these unhallowed 
 | priestlings” of the “ unchristian syna- 
 ' gogue” at Belfast, and similar charit- 
 able compliments levelled against 
 j them in the true republican and sec- 
 | tarian spirit of the times. But the 
 f citizens of Belfast were held in such 
 respect by all parties, that though 
 153 
 
 the town, after a siege of four days, 
 surrendered to Colonel Venables for 
 Cromwell in 1649, having changed 
 masters four times in the course of 
 six years, no injury was sustained by 
 the mercantile body, beyond the ne- 
 gative one of the prosperity of the 
 place being for a time retarded. Dur- 
 ing Cromwell’s domination, after the 
 Restoration, and up to the Revolu- 
 tion, a period of fifty years, the town 
 was taken and occupied by all the 
 parties who desolated Ireland dur- 
 ing that entire period, and was little 
 plundered by either. In 1688 a new 
 charter was granted to the town by 
 James II., increasing the number of 
 burgesses to 35, and considerably- 
 abridging the privileges of the Cor- 
 poration, the chief power of removing 
 the sovereign, a burgess, or other offi- 
 cer, being invested in the chief Go- 
 vernor and Privy Council at pleasure. 
 This reconstruction of the Corpo- 
 ration made James very unpopular 
 and was one of his many infatuated 
 acts. When the Revolution broke 
 out, the inhabitants hailed the arrival 
 of the Prince of Orange with enthu- 
 siasm, and exulted at his accession to 
 the Crown as William III. The ap- 
 pearance of the Duke of Schomberg 
 in the town in 1690 was an additional 
 cause of satisfaction. On the 9th of 
 June that year William landed in per- 
 son at Carrickfergus, and proceeded 
 immediately to Belfast, where he was 
 received with the most ardent de- 
 monstrations of joy, and remained in 
 the town nearly a week. A local 
 writer mentions, that the King lodged 
 in the house of Sir William Franklin, 
 the site of which was occupied in 1841 
 by the Donegal Arms , the principal 
 hotel in the town. To reward the 
 loyalty of the Presbyterian ministers 
 of the district, William granted them 
 the sum of L.1200 per annum. 
 
 After the final suppression of the 
 Irish war of the Revolution, and the 
 expulsion of James from the king- 
 dom, Belfast yearly increased in pro- 
 sperity ; trade and manufactures were 
 carried on with increased vigour, and 
 
BEL THE GAZETTEER BEL 
 
 in the beginning of the eighteenth 
 century its prosperity entitled it to 
 rank among the commercial towns of 
 Europe in the Exchange at Amster- 
 dam. T he cautious Dutch saw that 
 its merchants were men of enterprise 
 and probity. Among the early avo- 
 cations of the inhabitants was that of 
 iron founding, which was actively 
 prosecuted prior to 1641. The art of 
 printing had been introduced, and in 
 1704 one of the earliest editions of the 
 Bible in Ireland was issued from the 
 Belfast press. In 1708 occurred the de- 
 struction of Lord Chichester’s stately 
 residence of Belfast Castle by fire, and 
 the melancholy death of the three 
 Ladies Chichester already mentioned. 
 A local militia was embodied by the 
 threatening aspect of the Scotish en- 
 terprise of 1715, and since that period 
 the inhabitants have repeatedly taken 
 up arms when threatened with foreign 
 invasion or civil rebellion. The Bel- 
 fast News- Letter , the first newspaper 
 published in the Province of Ulster, 
 was commenced in 1737. This news- 
 paper has ever since been carried on 
 with spirit and ability, and at the pre- 
 sent time it has a large circulation. 
 
 The first census of the town w r as 
 taken in 1758, when it was found to 
 contain 1779 houses, inhabited by 7993 
 Protestants (Episcopalian and Presby- 
 terian), and only 556 Roman Catho- 
 lics ; in all, 8549. Of this population, 
 1800 men were able to bear arms. At 
 that time there .were in the town 399 
 looms. In 1760, when the French 
 squadron under Thurot made a de- 
 scent, and occupied Carrickfergus, 
 the greatest excitement prevailed in 
 Belfast, as they well knew that it was 
 Thurot’s intention to march against 
 and plunder the town. It is impos- 
 sible to conjecture what would have 
 been the result, but fortunately for 
 the inhabitants, Thurot and his col- 
 league M. Flobert quarrelled. This 
 gave them time to arm themselves ; a 
 body of troops was quickly sent to 
 j their assistance, and Lord Charle- 
 I mont, then Governor of the county 
 | of Armagh, assumed the command of 
 154 
 
 the militia of that county. For his 
 services on that occasion his Lordship 
 was advanced to the dignity of an 
 Earl in 1763, at the express request 
 of George III., when the Earl of 
 Northumberland arrived as Lord- 
 Lieutenant. On this occasion Thurot 
 was compelled to abandon his enter- 
 prise and re-embark; but the three 
 frigates, of which his squadron con- 
 sisted, were afterwards captured or 
 dispersed before he could clear the 
 Irish Channel, and Thurot himself 
 w'as taken prisoner. 
 
 The apprehension that repeated 
 attempts at invasion would be made 
 by the French, called into existence 
 the military associations known as the 
 Volunteers, and in 1778 these associa- 
 tions assumed a definite name. Bel- 
 fast occupies a prominent position in 
 the history of the Volunteers, and 
 near the town were held reviews and 
 inspections of the whole force in the 
 North of Ireland on a large scale. The 
 organization and proceedings of the 
 Volunteers are most conspicuous in 
 the modern annals of Ireland, and 
 are especially connected with the pub- 
 lic life of Lord Charlemont, who says 
 of the Volunteer force — “ To that in- 
 stitution my country owes its liberty, 
 prosperity, and safety ; and if, after 
 her obligations, I can mention my 
 own, I owe to it the principal and 
 dearest honours of my life.” To the 
 operations of the Volunteers may be 
 ascribed the removal of several im- 
 portant commercial restraints, and 
 the independence of the Irish Legis- 
 lature in 1782. 
 
 During these and the subsequent 
 years of excitement, Belfast advanced 
 in prosperity. In 1777 the cotton- 
 spinning trade was introduced, and at 
 once opened a new field for the in- 
 dustry and enterprise of the inhabit- 
 ants. So much was this avocation 
 valued, that in 1800 there were no less 
 than 13,500 operative looms in the 
 Province of Ulster, and within a cir- 
 cuit of ten miles round Belfast, in- 
 cluding the now prosperous and beau- 
 tiful town of Lisburn, the individuals 
 
BEL OF IRELAND. BEL 
 
 connected with the trade numbering 
 27,000. The linen manufacture had 
 been long previous to the introduc- 
 tion of cotton- spinning the staple 
 trade of the district, as it may still 
 with propriety he considered. The 
 extensive business carried on in the 
 linen trade alone may be inferred 
 from the fact, that in 1782, when the 
 merchants felt the want of proper 
 accommodation for their business 
 transactions, the sum of L. 17, 550 was 
 subscribed for the erection of the 
 Linen Hall, and very few contribu- 
 tions were under from L.100 to L.300. 
 In 1792 ship-building was first com- 
 menced, before which the vessels of 
 the port were purchased and repaired 
 in the English and Scotish harbours ; 
 and in 1785 the whole shipping of the 
 town amounted to only 55 vessels, or 
 10,040 tons. The first dockyard at 
 Belfast employed only ten men. In 
 1811 the ship- wrights, block-makers, 
 sail and rope makers, and smiths, con- 
 stantly engaged in the building, rig- 
 ging, and repairing of vessels, were in 
 number under 120; in 1841 they were 
 between 300 and 400. 
 
 At the commencement of the French 
 Revolution, that mighty event pro- 
 duced an intense sensation in Belfast. 
 It was hailed by many of the more ar- 
 dent inhabitants as a kind of political 
 millennium. Regarding that terrible 
 commotion as the commencement of 
 a new era in the history of Europe, 
 addresses of congratulation, numer- 
 ously and even respectably signed, 
 were transmitted to Paris. About 
 this period, and probably induced by 
 the excited state of the public mind, 
 the secret societies were formed, 
 which were afterwards known by the 
 designation of United Irishmen. The 
 atrocities perpetrated by the leaders 
 of the French Revolution soon dis- 
 closed to its admirers in Belfast their 
 real designs and their infamous cha- 
 racters ; but the secret societies con- 
 tinued to exist, the great object of 
 which was to subvert the British go- 
 vernment in Ireland. Belfast ex- 
 perienced many calamities, resulting 
 155 
 
 from those severe measures which 
 were considered necessary to be adopt- 
 ed to annihilate the projected con- 
 spiracy. Many arrests took place, and 
 martial law was proclaimed. The Re- 
 bellion of 1798 broke out, but so vigor- 
 ously had the Government acted in 
 Belfast and the surrounding district, 
 that little commotion occurred in the 
 town. The Rebellion was extinguish- 
 ed; in 1800 the Union of the Irish 
 with the British Parliament, forming 
 one Imperial Legislature, was effect- 
 ed ; and peace was again restored to 
 distracted Ireland. Since that period 
 Belfast has been rapidly advancing in 
 commercial prosperity, and few events 
 of any importance have occurred in 
 its history of more than local inter- 
 est. In January 1841, Mr Daniel 
 O’Connell was invited to a public din- 
 ner in Belfast by his followers in that 
 town, and a large pavilion was erect- 
 ed for the occasion. The great pro- 
 portion of the inhabitants, however, 
 were evidently opposed to Mr O’Con- 
 nell’s political principles, especially 
 has agitation for the repeal of the 
 Union ; some disorders were com- 
 mitted ; and considerable excitement 
 prevailed. His friends thought it 
 necessary to apply to the authorities 
 for protection, making a solemn de- 
 claration that they believed his life to 
 be in danger. The desired assist- 
 ance was granted, and the redoubt- 
 able “ Liberator” left the metropolis 
 of the “ Black North,” as he desig- 
 nated the Province of Ulster, under 
 an escort to Donaghadee, whence he 
 embarked for Portpatrick, and tra- 
 velled through that district of Scot- 
 land on his way to the meeting of 
 Parliament. The appearance of Mr 
 O’Connell in Belfast seems to have 
 accelerated a great Conservative meet- 
 ing of Noblemen and Gentlemen con- 
 nected with Ulster there, in favour of 
 Lord Stanley’s Bill respecting the 
 Irish registrations ; and it also origi- 
 nated another demonstration, in the 
 shape of a testimonial to Dr Cooke, 
 who had challenged Mr O’Connell to 
 a public discussion on the Repeal 
 
BEL THE GAZETTEER BEL 
 
 question, but which the “Liberator” 
 declined. 
 
 The houses of Belfast are, with a 
 few exceptions, constructed of brick, 
 and are all on the London plan, with- 
 out common stairs, as in the Scotish 
 towns. Donegal Place was in 1833 one 
 of the very few streets which could 
 boast of flag-stone pavements for foot 
 passengers. The general aspect of 
 the principal streets of Belfast is pleas- 
 ing, and the houses are remarkably 
 regular. The public edifices are nume- 
 rous, but few of them have a striking 
 effect, and the Belfastians appear to 
 have a mortal antipathy to steeples or 
 spires of any description. Several of 
 j the Presbyterian places of worship 
 I are elegant edifices, and hare very 
 j considerable architectural preten- 
 i sions, but they want spires, which 
 would have been a great set off to the 
 town, and are rather heavily furnish- 
 ed with porticoes, which diminish 
 their effect as buildings. The parish 
 church of St Anne, built in 1778, at 
 the expense of the Marquis of Done- 
 gal, and capable of accommodating 
 1100 persons, has a tower and copper- 
 ed cupola of rather elegant propor- 
 tions, the upper part of the tower 
 framed of painted wood. This is the 
 parish church of Belfast. The Cha- 
 pel-of-Ease, or parochial chapel, was 
 built on the site of the old parish 
 church in the High Street, and is a 
 neat edifice, accommodating 1200 per- 
 sons. It has a very beautiful portico, 
 presented by the Lord Bishop of 
 Down and Connor, when Ballyscullen 
 House, not inappropriately named the 
 Irish Fonthill, built in the eighteenth 
 century by the celebrated Earl of 
 Bristol, then Bishop of Derry, was 
 taken down. Another episcopal church 
 is erected in the south-west suburbs 
 of the town, and is a substantial and 
 commodious edifice. In 1841 the 
 churches of the Establishment in 
 Belfast were four in number. Next 
 in importance to the Established 
 Church, and more numerous as it re- 
 spects places of worship, are the 
 Presbyterians. In 1841 there were 
 156 
 
 ten places of worship connected with 
 the “ General Assembly of the Pres- 
 byterian Church in Ireland” in Bel- 
 fast, and three places of worship, one 
 in each of the suburbs of Ballymacar- 
 rett, Ballysillan, and Malone ; in all, 
 13. The oldest of these congregations 
 is the First Congregation, Rosemary 
 Street, established about 1672 ; those 
 of York Street and Ballysillan are of 
 date 1839 ; the others during the years 
 intervening between 1770, when the 
 Linen Hall Street Congregation was 
 formed, and 1839. Of these places of 
 worship, that in Fisherwick Place, 
 opened in 1827, is an elegant edifice of 
 polished freestone, resting on a base- 
 ment of granite stone, elevated above 
 the surface about three feet. The prin- 
 cipal entrance is on the north-west 
 front, which has a portico of the Ionic 
 order, consisting of four columns, and 
 antae, supporting a regular entablature 
 and pediment. This edifice, with the 
 incumbent’s house, school, sexton’s 
 house, outbuildings, and inclosures, 
 cost about L. 10,000. The architect 
 was Mr J. T. Duff. The Presbyterian 
 meeting-house in May Street was 
 opened by the incumbent, the cele- 
 brated Dr Cooke, in 1829 ; it accom- 
 modates 1700 persons, and cost up- 
 wards of L.6500, from a design by Mr 
 W Smith, architect. The principal 
 front is in May Street, with one of its 
 sides facing Alfred Street. The front 
 is of modern Ionic, having two co- 
 lumns and four pilasters 28 feet high, 
 and fluted. The columns and interior 
 pilasters form a piazza 36 feet in 
 length and seven feet in width, over 
 which rises the pediment. The front 
 of the edifice is finished with a regu- 
 lar architrave, freize, and block cor- 
 nice. The interior of the building is 
 very elegant. 
 
 In 1841 the Roman Catholics had 
 two chapels, and several others in the 
 neighbourhood. In 1763 their first 
 chapel was erected in Belfast, pre- 
 vious to which year, although 550 in 
 number, they actually performed 
 their religious services in the open 
 air. The Roman Catholic chapel ip 
 
BEL OF IRELAND. BEL 
 
 Donegal Street is alarge and handsome 
 edifice, with spacious schools and com- 
 modious residences for the bishop and 
 clergy attached. The other religious 
 bodies are the Wesleyan Methodists, 
 who have four places of worship ; 
 one meeting-house belonging to the 
 Society of Friends, two congregations 
 in connection with the Reformed 
 Presbyterian Synod in Scotland, com- 
 monly called Cameronians ; three of 
 Presbyterians professing Unitarian 
 doctrines; one Independent meet- 
 ing-house ; and several others. An 
 I idea may be formed of the religious 
 statistics of Belfast from the census 
 j taken for local purposes in 1 834. The 
 population then amounted to 60,763 : 
 j of these 16,338 belonged to the Estab- 
 j lished Church ; Presbyterian, 23,576 ; 
 
 19,712 to the Roman Catholic; other 
 | persuasions, 1137. 
 
 The chief public edifice in Belfast 
 : is the extensive pile known as the 
 J Commercial Buildings, terminating 
 j one end of Donegal Street, to which 
 it presents an elegant architectural 
 stone front. This edifice cost up- 
 wards of L. 20, 000, and the proprietors 
 ! are a Company incorporated by Act 
 of Parliament. The News-Room in 
 the Commercial Buildings is elegant 
 and spacious, amply supplied with 
 English, Scotish, Irish, Foreign, and 
 Colonial newspapers, and is frequent- 
 ed by all the mercantile body of the 
 town. Partially fronting the Com- 
 mercial Buildings, at the diverging of 
 Donegal Street and North Street, is 
 the Old Exchange, a heavy and ne- 
 glected, though a respectable brick 
 building on a cut stone basement. 
 
 ; The Exchange was formerly held in 
 the lower storey, and the upper con- 
 tains an Assembly Room. This build- 
 ing is the property of the Marquis of 
 Donegal. The lower part of it is now 
 occupied as shops. The White Linen 
 Hall in Donegal Square is a large 
 structure. The Theatre in Arthur 
 Street is a brick structure, with a 
 stuccoed front. It is small, but of 
 elegant proportions in the interior. At 
 the north end of Donegal Street, 
 157 
 
 fronting the Commercial Buildings, 
 is a structure of a different descrip- 
 tion. This is the Poor House, a 
 neat edifice, with a handsome spire 
 and extensive wings, erected at an 
 original cost of from L.7000 to L. 10,000, 
 and supported at an annual expense 
 of upwards of L.2000, procured by 
 voluntary annual subscriptions and 
 the income of former donations, in- 
 cluding L.750 a-year secured to the 
 institution out of the pipe water tax 
 on the town, the present Water Works 
 having been originally erected out of 
 its funds. The inmates are fed, 
 clothed, and the children educated, 
 by the Institution, which was incor- 
 porated in 1774, by the title of the 
 Belfast Incorporated Charitable So- 
 ciety. In Howard Street is a large 
 House of Correction, and a commodi- 
 ous Police Office has been erected in 
 Poultry Square, where a Petty Ses- 
 sions Court is held daily. The House 
 of Correction has a chaplain belonging 
 to the Church of Ireland, and a Roman 
 Catholic and a Presbyterian chaplain. 
 The Belfast Poor Law Union comprises 
 twelve electoral divisions, for which 
 there are twenty-two elected, and 
 seven ex officio guardians. Previous 
 to the opening of the Workhouse 
 (1841), which is situated in the western 
 suburbs of the town adjacent to the 
 line of the Ulster Railway, the Board 
 of Guardians met at their room | 
 in Davis’ Buildings, Donegal Street, 
 monthly. The Barracks on the high 
 ground in the northern part of the 
 town have accommodation for one 
 regiment pf infantry, and a troop of 
 cavalry or company of artillery. 
 
 Belfast is pre-eminent in the num- ; 
 ber of its Religious, Benevolent, and l 
 Charitable Institutions. Among the j 
 Religious Societies may be mentioned I 
 the Belfast Town Mission, the Bible ! 
 Society, the Association for Discoun- 
 tenancing Vice, the Seamen’s Friend 
 Society, the Society for Prevention of 
 Cruelty to Animals, the Sunday 
 School Union, established in 1821, and 
 the Ulster Institution for the Deaf 
 and Dumb, and the Blind, in College 
 o 
 
BEL THE GAZETTEER BEL 
 
 Street. The Poor House is already 
 noticed. In Frederick Street is the 
 Dispensary and Fever Hospital, sup- 
 ported by voluntary subscriptions, 
 and by grants from the Grand Juries 
 of the county of Antrim. This Insti- 
 tution includes a Surgical Hopital, 
 for the admission of patients suf- 
 fering under chronic diseases, and of 
 persons injured by accidents, in the 
 town or vicinity. This department, 
 however, does not share in the 
 Grand Jury grants. Some idea may 
 be formed of the vast benefits con- 
 ferred by this useful institution, 
 from the fact, that the total fever 
 cases admitted during the year end- 
 ing April 31, 1840, were 1738; total 
 chronic, 113 ; total surgical, 297. 
 This Hospital was opened in 1817. 
 The Lunatic Asylum for the coun- 
 ties of Down and Antrim is a large 
 edifice in the western environs of the 
 town, and was erected by Govern- 
 ment at the expense of upwards of 
 L. 50, 000. The Lying-in Hospital had 
 192 patients during 1839. The Ulster 
 Female Penitentiary is in Brunswick 
 Street. The Belfast Society for the 
 Suppression of Mendicity, and for 
 the provision of food and employ- 
 ment for the poor, which is supported 
 by voluntary subscriptions, donations, 
 and fines exacted by Magistrates, was 
 established in 1806. There are also 
 the Society for the Relief of the Des- 
 titute Sick; the Benevolent Society; 
 the Master Mariners’ Association, es- 
 tablished in 1816, to secure annuities 
 to the widows and families of mem- 
 bers; the Ladies’ Society for Clothing 
 the Poor ; and the Fund for the Re- 
 lief and Support of Sick, Maimed, and 
 Disabled Seamen, and of the Widows 
 and Children of those killed or drown- 
 ed in the Merchant Service, instituted 
 under the Act of Parliament, 4 and 5 
 William IV. The Society for the 
 Promotion and Improvement of the 
 Growth of Flax in Ireland, to which 
 the Belfast merchants and others are 
 liberal subscribers, and which is of 
 great advantage to the Province of 
 Ulster, was established in 1841. 
 
 158 
 
 The Banking establishments in Bel- 
 fast are those of the Belfast Bank- 
 ing Company, the Northern Banking 
 Company, the Ulster Banking Com- 
 pany, the Bank of Ireland, and the 
 Provincial Bank. Three of these, 
 the Northern, Belfast, and Ulster (all 
 of which have branches in the other 
 principal towms in the Province), be- 
 long to the town; the others are 
 Branches. In addition to these are 
 the Savings’ Bank, and the Monte de 
 Piete and Loan Fund, the latter insti- 
 tuted under Acts 6 and 7 Will. IV., 
 also 1 and 2 Victoria; and the objects 
 are to lend money at interest, in sums 
 not exceeding L.10, to persons of 
 good character and industrious habits, 
 on personal security, to receive back 
 the same in weekly instalments, and 
 to advance money on goods at much 
 lower rates than the ordinary pawn- 
 brokers. The profits of this admir- 
 able institution are devoted to charit- 
 able purposes after paying expenses. 
 
 Belfast is of very considerable edu- 
 cational reputation. The great col- 
 legiate school, known as the Royal 
 Belfast Academical Institution, was 
 erected by public subscription, and 
 incorporated by Act of Parliament in 
 1810. The original subscriptions 
 amounted to L.25,000, including L.5000 
 received from India by the exertions 
 of the Marquis of Hastings, formerly 
 Lord Moira. It is a large building, 
 occupying an isolated site in College 
 Square, containing two departments 
 — the Academical and Collegiate, and 
 enjoys an annual Parliamentary grant 
 of L.1900. The School Department 
 is conducted by Masters for English, 
 Classics, Mathematics, and Writing, 
 Drawing, French, Italian, and Spa- 
 nish. The College Department con- 
 tains Professors of Divinity, Biblical 
 Criticism, Ecclesiastical History, Lo- 
 gic and Belles Lettres, Moral and 
 Natural Philosophy, Mathematics, 
 Oriental Languages, Greek and Latin, 
 Elocution, and one Professor for the 
 Irish Language. The Medical Classes 
 are conducted by Professors of Ana- 
 tomy and Medical Physiology, Che- 
 
BEL OF IRELAND. BEL 
 
 mistry, Midwifery and Diseases of 
 Women and Children, Materia Medica 
 and Pharmacy, Surgery, Medical Bo- 
 tany, and Theory and Practice of 
 Physic. The College term com- 
 mences on the 1st of November, and 
 ends on the 30th of April. The af- 
 fairs of this Institution are conducted 
 by a President, four Vice-Presidents, 
 twenty Managers, and eight Visitors 
 chosen by the Proprietary. The 
 great object which the erection of this 
 Collegiate Institution contemplated 
 was to procure a cheap home educa- 
 tion for those who formerly frequent- 
 ed the Scotish Universities; and as 
 the “ General Assembly of the Pres- 
 byterian Church" receives the ge- 
 neral certificates of the Professors as 
 a qualification for ordination, it may 
 now be viewed as the Presbyterian 
 Seminary of Ireland. Connected with 
 the Institution are a Museum and a 
 valuable Library. 
 
 The Belfast Academy is another es- 
 tablishment, conducted by a Principal, 
 with Masters for Classics, Mathema- 
 tics, Writing, English, Drawing, and 
 French. There is no regularly en- 
 dowed school in Belfast. The Lan- 
 casterian School in Frederick Street, 
 and the Brown Street Sunday and 
 Daily School, the latter instituted in 
 1819 for educating the children of 
 the poor, have both been under the 
 patronage of the Kildare Street So- 
 ciety in Dublin, and the former is 
 now under the National Board. Both 
 of these schools may be called free , 
 and upwards of 2000 children of both 
 sexes are educated in them. The 
 private schools are very numerous. In 
 1788, the Society for Promoting Know- 
 ledge was instituted. The members 
 meet in the centre room of the White 
 Linen Hall, and have a Library of 
 several thousand volumes, a collection 
 of minerals, and philosophical appa - 
 ratus. The Literary Society, found- 
 ed in 1801, is more private. The 
 Natural History Society was esta- 
 blished in 1821. Its members have 
 erected, in College Square North, an 
 elegant edifice for their meetings ; 
 
 159 
 
 the Museum contains some very in- 
 teresting specimens, and is open to 
 the public, for a small gratuity, every 
 day from twelve to four o’clock. In 
 addition to the cultivation of Natural 
 History, the object of this association 
 is to inquire into the statistics and 
 antiquities of Ireland ; the Library is 
 annually increasing, and the Society 
 may be justly regarded as the first in 
 Ireland, next to the Royal Society of 
 Dublin. A Botanical Garden has 
 been formed since 1830, which is most 
 ornamental to the town, and is al- 
 ready rich in a variety of plants. 
 The Mechanics’ Institute was erected 
 in 1825, and a scientific school for 
 artizans opened, in which lectures 
 on Mechanics and Chemistry are 
 occasionally delivered. The Statis- 
 tical Society of Ulster was instituted 
 in March 1838, and consists of an 
 unlimited number of members elect- 
 ed by ballot, who pay an annual 
 subscription. There are also several 
 Musical Societies, such as the Ana- 
 creontic Society, the Choral Society, 
 instituted in 1838, the Harmonic So- 
 ciety, and the Irish Harp Society in 
 Talbot Street — a most praiseworthy 
 institution, for the support and mu- 
 sical education of destitute blind boys, 
 and for reviving a taste for the na- 
 tional music of Ireland, maintained 
 by voluntary contributions. In 1841, 
 five newspapers were published in 
 the town, respectively designated the 
 Belfast News-Letter, the Northern 
 Whig, the Commercial Chronicle, the 
 Ulster Times, and the Vindicator, a 
 Roman Catholic journal. 
 
 Belfast is governed by a Chief Ma- 
 gistrate called the Sovereign, who 
 has the control of the markets, the 
 regulation of the weights and cranes, 
 and is also ex officio a Magistrate of 
 the county of Antrim. A Police Ma- 
 gistrate, Town-Clerk, and Seneschal 
 of the Manor, are the other principal 
 officers of the Corporation. The 
 Manor Court is held every third 
 Thursday in the Court House, for 
 the recovery of debts under L.20; 
 the Petty Sessions every day ; and the 
 
BEL THE GAZETTEER BEL 
 
 Quarter Sessions in the Court House 
 four times a- year for the registry of 
 votes, the recovery of debts to the 
 amount of L.20, and the prosecution 
 of minor offences. The Sovereign' 
 and Burgesses of the Corporation are 
 Commissioners by Act of Parliament ; 
 ten Commissioners are elected for 
 life ; and the paving, lighting, and 
 cleaning of the streets, and the gene- 
 ral police of the town, are under their 
 management. In 1841, the day con- 
 stables’ stations were six, viz., Hul- 
 kin' s Corner, Corn - market, the 
 Exchange, Ann Street, Limekiln 
 Dock, and York Street, corner of 
 Patrick Street. The amount of the 
 police tax for the first year of the 
 superintendence was L.3087, and in 
 1841 it was probably near L.10,000. 
 The Gasworks are the property of a 
 public company, and were erected 
 about 1824. Since 1775, upwards of 
 L.100,000 have been expended on the 
 Canal connecting the port of Belfast 
 with Lisburn and Lough Neagh. A 
 short railway connects the harbour of 
 Belfast with the lime quarries on the 
 Cave Hill, which is about three miles 
 from the town on the Antrim road, 
 so called from three artificial caves 
 on its perpendicular basaltic cliff, 
 nearly 1200 feet in height. This line 
 of railway was opened on the 8th of 
 September 1840. The Cave Hill is 
 one of the range of hills stretching 
 from the vicinity of Lisburn to Car- 
 rickfergus, known as the Antrim 
 Mountains, and is a great resort in 
 summer. On its summit is a large 
 mound, called Mac Art's Fort, protect- 
 ed on one side by the precipice, and 
 on the other by what appears to have 
 been a deep dry fosse or ditch. The 
 first section of the Ulster Railway, 
 the second passenger line constructed 
 in Ireland, was opened in August 
 1839, and then extended only from 
 Belfast to Lisburn, a distance of eight 
 miles ; a farther portion from Lisburn 
 to Portadown, a distance of 28 miles 
 from Belfast, was opened in 1841 . The 
 Cavehill Railway is the property of 
 private individuals. 
 
 Belfast is supplied with water, 
 which is neither copious nor good, 
 by large drains from the country a 
 mile to the south, and conducted by 
 pipes from an open reservoir to the 
 cisterns of the houses, and to public 
 fountains. The Belfast Water Com- 
 missioners were incorporated in June 
 1840. The town has a Chamber of 
 Commerce, the officers of which are 
 elected annually, and the Ballast 
 Corporation meets at Chichester 
 Quay. The Custom House is on 
 Hanover Quay. The gross receipts 
 for the year ending 10th October 
 1840 amounted to the large sum of 
 L.361,502, though the customs of 
 1835 were greater, and amounted to 
 L.366,7l8; but the rapid prosperity of 
 the port may be inferred from the 
 fact, that in 1783 the gross amount of 
 customs, including excise, was only 
 L.32,000. The Excise Office is in 
 Waring Street. 
 
 The exports of Belfast are chiefly 
 bacon, pork, butter, corn, raw hides, 
 and beef; and in manufactured ar- 
 ticles, linens, calicoes, muslins, cotton 
 yarn, linen yam, soap, tanned leather, 
 candles, and starch. The principal 
 imports are the raw material of the 
 staple manufactures, and every variety 
 of foreign luxuries ; flax, wool, cotton, 
 flax-seed, barilla, potash, wine, gro- 
 ceries, &c. Coal being the fuel of 
 Belfast and neighbourhood, many 
 vessels are constantly employed be- 
 tween the port and W orkington, Mary- 
 port, Whitehaven, the sea-ports of Ayr- 
 shire, &c. In 1835 the exports of Bel- 
 fast were valued at L.4,341,794 ; the im- 
 ports, L.3,695,437 ; in 1810 the value of 
 the exports was only about the half, or 
 L.2,904,521, though this was upwards 
 of half a million more than the pre- 
 vious year. It is said that the linens 
 alone made more than two millions of 
 this amount ; the cotton exported 
 was valued at L.4942, and the cotton 
 fabrics of all kinds did not exceed 
 L.35,000. In 1682, the shipping of the 
 port was only 3307 tons; in 1827, the 
 registered tonnage was 21,557 ; in 
 1835, 32,545; being only inferior to 
 
BEL OF IRELAND. BEL 
 
 Dublin by between 6000 and 7000 tons, 
 and exceeding Cork by upwards of 
 1 1,000 tons. In 1831, cleared outwards, 
 coastwise, 155,418 tons ; for foreign 
 parts, 35,335 tons; in 1834, the export 
 tonnage coastwise was 174,894; for 
 foreign ports, 31,665 : entered inwards 
 in 1831, British tonnage, 27,947; fo- 
 reign, 2537 tons; in 1834, British ton- 
 nage inwards, 30,733; foreign, 2395 
 tons. As respects the accommoda- 
 tions of the harbour, lowest down 
 is Dunbar’s Dock. This dock is not 
 floating, but is a tidal , opening on 
 the river, and is the property of 
 an enterprising individual. Above, 
 nearer the bridges, are the ship- 
 yards and Ballast Corporation graving 
 docks ; next are the quays occupied by 
 the general merchantmen, and beyond 
 these are the coal quays. Vessels 
 drawing upwards of 14 feet water can 
 lie at Donegal Quay (the steam-ship 
 wharf). With a moderate spring 
 
 tide, the largest vessel belonging to 
 this, or to any other port in Ireland 
 (the Dumfries-shire, of 873 tons regis- 
 ter), has been able to reach Dunbar’s 
 Dock, without disloading any of her 
 cargo, consisting of between 1400 and 
 1500 tons of timber. This, too, oc- 
 curred before the formation of the 
 New Channel. The dry docks are 
 sufficiently commodious to admit 
 similar vessels for repairs; and in 
 one of the ship-yards iB a patent slip. 
 It may be here mentioned, that the 
 largest vessel ever built in the port 
 of Belfast, the Hindoo, an East India- 
 man, registered 443 tons. The im- 
 provements projected in the harbour, 
 from the deep and secure station of 
 the Garmoyle Pool, a few miles down 
 the Lough, to the upper extremity 
 of the present quays, planned by 
 Messrs Walker and Burgess of Lon- 
 don, have been adopted by the Cor- 
 poration, and are sanctioned by Act 
 of Parliament. 
 
 Belfast contains within itself the 
 different branches necessary for pro- 
 ducing and finishing the various fa- 
 brics of the linen and cotton trade, in 
 their numerous marketable forms, 
 161 
 
 from the finest cambric to the coarsest 
 canvass. In 1841 the town and its 
 vicinity contained 25 steam power 
 mills for the spinning of linen yarn, 
 and among these the factory of 
 Messrs Mulholland and Co. employed 
 800 persons, and consumed 720 tons of 
 flax annually, the produce of which 
 was valued at L.80,000. There are 
 also several large establishments for 
 weaving shirtings, drills, sheetings, 
 sacking, osnaburgs, &c. The hand- 
 spun yarn sold on commission in the 
 Linen Hall produces about L. 100,000 
 per annum. In 1841 there were only 
 three cotton-mills in the town and 
 suburbs, that trade being considerably 
 superseded by flax. There are exten- 
 sive flour and corn mills, breweries, 
 distilleries, tan-yards, manufactories 
 of tobacco, candles, soap, glass, iron, 
 cordage, and of numerous other ar- 
 ticles for domestic use and exporta- 
 tion. The quays, docks, and stores, 
 are extending with the trade ; ship . 
 building i« also increasing. In 1841, 
 four steam vessels sailed regularly to 
 Glasgow, three to Liverpool, two to 
 London, and one to Dublin. The retail 
 trade in the town is extensively carried 
 on, and at the markets great quanti- 
 ties of agricultural produce are sold. 
 The principal fairs are held on the 
 12th of August and 8th of November. 
 The following account of the Belfast 
 Markets is taken from M'Comb’s 
 “ Presbyterian Almanack” for 1841, 
 published at Belfast — “ May’s Mar- 
 ket, off Cromac and May Streets, is 
 open every lawful day for the sale of 
 grain, oatmeal, and fruit ; also on every 
 Friday for poultry, eggs, butter, beef, 
 and flax. This Market, though per- 
 haps as well managed as possible, has 
 become altogether incapable of ac- 
 commodating with sale-room the 
 large quantities of produce which 
 come to market from the surrounding 
 country, as not more than one half of 
 the oats brought to town for sale, 
 and little of any other grain, appear 
 at market, but are vended at the 
 stores of the purchasers, and through 
 the streets, to the serious injury 
 
BEL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BEL 
 
 of the farmer, and great annoyance 
 o* the buyers. The flax market is 
 held in May and Cromac Streets, 
 which, during the rebuilding of the 
 Long Bridge, formed the principal 
 entrances from the county of Down. 
 Montgomery’s Market, off Calender 
 Street, and having an entrance from 
 Corn-Market by Hammond’s Court, 
 is admirably circumstanced, and is 
 one of the best arranged markets in 
 the town, for the sale of potatoes, beef, 
 fish, vegetables, and fruit. Ormond 
 Market, off James and Patrick Streets, 
 has been recently opened for the sale 
 of potatoes, beef, vegetables, and 
 fruit. It is a neatly arranged mar- 
 ket, and has every convenience for 
 the comfort of both buyer and seller, 
 i Smithfield forms a large square, near- 
 ly in the centre of the town, where a 
 market is held on Wednesday for fat 
 cattle ; and on Friday for milch cows, 
 sheep, and pigs. It is also the prin- 
 cipal market for the sale of hides and 
 skins, hay, straw, &c. ; and on Friday, 
 which is the chief market day, about a 
 fourth of the square is appropriated 
 to the sale of furniture, &c. York 
 Street Market has been established 
 some years for the sale of grain, pota- 
 toes, beef, vegetables, and fruit. The 
 Butter Weigh-House, off Tomb Street, 
 should provide accommodation for the 
 sale of slaughtered pigs, as well as of 
 butter, brought here from all parts of 
 the Province. It, however, barely 
 affords room for the sale of butter, 
 while the principal part of the supply 
 of pork, in which an extensive trade 
 is carrried on from May to Novem- 
 ber, is sold from the farmers’ and 
 the carriers’ carts in Waring Street, 
 Tomb Street, on Donegal Quay, in 
 Gamble Street, James’ Street, High 
 Street, and even Donegal Street, to 
 the great annoyance of all parties 
 residing or having business in these 
 principal thoroughfares. On ac- 
 count of the want of accommoda- 
 tion for the produce brought to town, 
 there can be no record kept of the 
 vast quantities of grain, pork, butter, 
 &c. which are annually bought and 
 162 
 
 sold, and it is only within a few years 
 that any regular account of prices 
 has been kept.” 
 
 Among the seats and residences 
 in the neighbourhood may be men- 
 tioned Ormeau, Marquis of Done- 
 gal; Belvoir Park, Sir R. Bateson, i 
 M.P., Bart. ; and Purdysburn, on ! 
 the banks of the Lagan. On the 
 opposite bank are Belvidere, New 
 Grove, and Edenderry, near which 
 latter villa are the celebrated Giant's 
 Ring and Druid's Altar . On the 
 road to Carrickfergus are the villas 
 of Greenmount, Jenny mount, Sea- 
 View, Fort-William, Mount-Vernon, 
 Lowwood, Parkmount, Whitehouse, 
 Macedon, Abbeylands, &c. &c. Near 
 the village of Whitehouse were the 
 cotton (now flax) mills of Messrs Grim- 
 shaw, sons of the enterprising gentle- 
 man who was the principal introducer 
 of the cotton- trade, and erected the 
 first cotton-mill in Ireland in 1784. 
 Another object of much interest 
 on this line of road is the Cave 
 Hill, from which splendid views of 
 Belfast Lough and its agreeable, 
 populous, and industrious shores, 
 are obtained. From this hill are seen 
 the Mourne Mountains, a great part 
 of the county of Antrim, and the 
 coast of Scotland ; from Divis, the 
 highest summit of this range of moun- 
 tains, are magnificent views of Lough 
 Neagh, and Lough Cuan, or Strang- 
 ford Lough. 
 
 Belfast returns two members to 
 the Imperial Parliament; constitu- 
 ency in 1841, 2767. By the Irish Mu- 
 nicipal Bill, the Corporation is to 
 be styled the “ Sovereign, Free Bur- 
 gesses, and Commonalty of the Bo- 
 rough of Belfast.” That Bill divid- 
 ed the town into five Wards, respec- 
 tively called Dock Ward, St Anne’s 
 Ward, Smithfield Ward, St George’s 
 Ward, and Cromac Ward; in every 
 such Ward two Aldermen and six 
 Councillors. Population in 1831, 
 53,287 ; in 1836, already quoted, 60,763; 
 houses from L.5to L.10 in 1836, 3066 ; 
 from L.10 to L.20, 1464; above L.20, 
 1442 ; vacancies, 251 ; total- 6223. 
 
BEL OF IRELAND. BEL 
 
 BELGRIFFIN, a small parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Coolock, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 in the vicinity of the city of Dublin, 
 ecclesiastically united with the parish 
 of St Doloughs. 
 
 BELHAVEL, a small lake in the 
 county of Leitrim, not far from the 
 head of Loughallen, on one of the 
 routes from Carrick-on-Shannon to 
 Manor- Hamilton. 
 
 BELLAGHY, a thriving village in 
 the parish of Bally scullion, county of 
 Londonderry, at which fairs are held 
 on the first Monday of every month. 
 
 BELL ATR AIN, a small village on 
 the road from Carrickmacross to Bal- 
 libay. 
 
 BELLEEK, or Belleck, a village 
 in the parish of Loughgilly, county 
 of Armagh, on a small lake which is 
 literally an expansion of the outlet of 
 Lough Cam, about four miles from 
 Newtown-Hamilton. Fairs are held 
 on the 3d of May, 3d of August, and 
 3d of November. 
 
 BELLEEK, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Lurg, 
 county of Fermanagh, and Diocese of 
 Clogher, but a part of it extends into 
 the county of Donegal. The small 
 town of Belleek is 17 miles from En- 
 niskillen, nine miles from Church- 
 hill, and four miles from Bally shan- 
 non. It is situated a little to the 
 right of the road, on the opposite 
 bank of the Erne, which is here cross- 
 ed by a bridge, in 1840 the only one 
 between the towns of Enniskillen and 
 Bally shannon. The navigation of the 
 Erne commences at Belleek, below 
 which a most romantic cataract is 
 formed by the discharge of the wa- 
 ters of Lough Erne, called the Falls 
 of Belleek. It is said that the average 
 quantity of power expended here is 
 equivalent to that of 15,000 horse- 
 power during floods, and yet no pub- 
 lic work is erected on the spot, to 
 take advantage of this abundant sup- 
 ply for the purposes of machinery. 
 Even during the summer droughts 
 the fall is very considerable. The 
 bed of the cataract is much contract- 
 163 
 
 ed near the exit of the stream from 
 the lake. A fort was erected by Ge- 
 neral Knox at the head of the fall, 
 but the position was injudiciously 
 chosen, and it was abandoned. It has 
 been proposed to extend the naviga- 
 tion of the Erne to the Bay at Bally- 
 shannon, by a canal, which could be 
 easily done, as the distance is little 
 more than four miles, and the coun- 
 try is remarkably level. Fairs are 
 held on the 3d of February, the 17th 
 of May, the 19th of June, and the 10th 
 of October. A little below Belleek, on 
 the right bank of the Erne, is Cliff, 
 the neat lodge of Colonel Conolly, in 
 1840 one of the members of Parlia- 
 ment for the county of Donegal, a 
 most extensive proprietor in that 
 county, who has done much to im- 
 prove this naturally bleak and un- 
 cultivated part of the district. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2702. 
 
 BELLEISLE, one of the largest 
 islands of Upper Lough Erne, on 
 which was the residence of the first 
 Earl of Rosse, now almost removed. 
 The island lies at the northern ex- 
 tremity of the lake, at the point where 
 the overflowing water issues towards 
 Enniskillen. Belleisle was formerly 
 ornamented by majestic trees, of 
 which some still remain. 
 
 BELLE WSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Colpe, county of Meath, 
 four miles from Drogheda. On the 
 beautiful and fertile summit of Bel- 
 lewstown Hill the races are annually 
 held, generally on the last week of 
 June; and it may be considered the 
 race-course of Dublin. This eleva- 
 tion is only 530 feet in height, but is 
 a prominent object in the surround- 
 ing flat district. 
 
 BELLINGHAM. See Castle- 
 Bellingham. 
 
 BELLPATRICK, a hill about 800 
 feet in height, one of the range be- 
 tween Slane and Collon, on the left 
 of the road from Slane to Drum- 
 conra. 
 
 BELMORE, a mountain in the 
 county of Fermanagh, 1300 feet in 
 height, on the route from Enniskillen 
 
— 
 
 BEL THE GAZETTEER BEL 
 
 to Manor-Hamilton, by the northern 
 side of Lough Macnean Lower. The 
 locality gives the title of Earl in the 
 Peerage of Ireland to the Noble Family 
 of Lowry-Corry, so created in 1797. 
 
 BELMULLET, a town in the pa- 
 rish of Kilcommon, county of Mayo, 
 situated on the Mullet peninsula, con- 
 nected with Broadhaven and Black- 
 sod Bays, at the extremity of the 
 isthmus. The neck of land at the 
 lower end of the town is not much 
 more than 400 yards in breadth, and 
 a cut could easily connect the two 
 bays, at the probable expense of 
 L.3000, and a safe and expeditious 
 coasting trade thus formed. This 
 town has sprung up only since 1825, 
 under the auspices of W. H. Carter, 
 Esq., of Castlemartin, a very exten- 
 sive proprietor of the Err is district 
 of Mayo. It is 159 miles from Dub- 
 lin, by Ballina, Corrick Bridge, and 
 Bangor, and is the only town in the 
 remote region of Erris. In 1841 this 
 town chiefly consisted of a small cen- 
 tral square and two streets, the 
 houses generally of two storeys, slat- 
 ed, and on the whole uniformly built. 
 There are several small shops, a few 
 mercantile stores, a coast-guard esta- 
 blishment, with resident inspector, 
 and a constabulary station. It is pro- 
 posed to make Belmullet the termi- 
 nus of one of the lines of the Great 
 Western Railway. In 1835, the ex- 
 ports from this creek amounted to 
 L.2940 ; the imports are not stated. 
 Monthly fairs are held ; at the small 
 inn cars and poneys may occasionally 
 be hired; and there is a Sessions 
 House, which, before the Church was 
 erected, accommodated the Protest- 
 ant congregation. The peninsula 
 
 beyond Belmullet, which bounds 
 Blacksod Bay on the west, is usually 
 designated “ within the Mullet.” Be- 
 sides the road to this town above 
 mentioned, there is a route by Castle- 
 bar, Molyrany, and Tulloghaan Ferry, 
 which makes it 164 miles from Dub- 
 lin; and also a road from Castlebar 
 by Loch Beltra, Corrick Bridge, and 
 Bangor. 
 
 164 
 
 BELOUGH, a small village in the 
 parish of Clonoulty, county of Tip- 
 perary, not far from the post-town of 
 Thurles. 
 
 BELTRA, a Jake about eight miles 
 from Castlebar, in the county of 
 Mayo, near Glen Island, from which 
 issues the Beltra river, discharging 
 the waters of the lake and a consider- 
 able extent of the surrounding moun- 
 tain district, and entering Clew Bay 
 at the miserable and neglected village 
 of Newport in Erris. 
 
 BELTURBET, otherwise called 
 Anna , or Annagh, a parish and town 
 in the Barony of Drumlane, and in 
 the lower half of the Barony of 
 Loughtee ; also a rectory and vicarage, 
 county of Cavan, and annexed Diocese 
 of Kilmore. The town is seven miles 
 from Cavan, and 62 miles from Dub- 
 lin, which is the nearest and best 
 road, though there is also a route by 
 Killeshandra. The district is inter- 
 sected with bog and marsh between 
 Butler’s Bridge and Belturbet, a dis- 
 tance of four miles. About a mile 
 from that bridge is the small lake of 
 Annagh, near which is the mansion 
 of Annagh House ; several small lakes 
 occur throughout the boggy district, 
 which contains the residences of Ash- 
 grove, close to Baker’s Bridge on the 
 banks of the Erne, Sugarloaf, and 
 Erne Hill. Belturbet is situated on 
 the river Erne, about midway between 
 its debouch from the remarkable 
 series of lakes called Lough Oughter, 
 and its farther expansion into Lower 
 Lough Erne. The town is incor- 
 porated, is a military station, and is 
 favourably situated for trade, as the 
 Erne is navigable to Belleek, when the 
 water is high, for barges carrying 
 timber, coals, and ordinary goods. 
 The Ulster Canal joins the Erne be- 
 low the town, and contributes greatly 
 to its improvement. There are some 
 good houses, but for the most part 
 Belturbet is irregularly built, and 
 presents a cluster of straggling and 
 poor streets. In the town are the 
 Sessions and Market-House, the parish 
 church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a 
 
BEN OF IRELAND. BEN 
 
 Methodist meeting-house, and several 
 schools. Fairs are held on Ash- Wed- 
 nesday, Whit-Tuesday, and in June, 
 July, September, and November; 
 there are weekly markets, at which 
 considerable quantities of grain are 
 sold, and a large distillery. Here are 
 the ruins of a fortification in the 
 churchyard, an abbey, and an old 
 castle. In the environs of the town 
 is extensive commonage, and what is 
 called turbary is attached to each 
 holding. The town is governed by a 
 provost, but is chiefly the property of 
 the Noble Family of Butler, Earls of 
 Lanesborough. It is said that in con- 
 sequence of the words to theburgesses 
 and heirs, instead of successors, being 
 inserted in the charter granted by 
 James I., the greater part of the cor- 
 poration lands is inclosed, and re- 
 tained as private property. The town 
 formerly sent two members to the 
 Irish Parliament. In the parish are se- 
 veral schools. Population in 1831, 2026. 
 
 BELVIDERE, or Lough Ennel, 
 a lake about two miles south of Mul- 
 lingar, county of Westmeath, about 
 four miles in length and two in 
 breadth. It abounds with trout, but 
 its shores are tame and uninteresting, 
 except on the eastern side. In this 
 quarter are several fine villas, among 
 which are Lynnbury, La Mancha, 
 Bloomfield, and Belvidere, the last 
 mentioned a lodge of the Earl of 
 Lanesborough, and exhibiting some 
 good specimens of well executed ma- 
 nor and castellated architecture. This 
 villa was the residence of the late Earl 
 of Belvidere. 
 
 BELVIDERE, abeautiful and most 
 romantic glen about three miles from 
 Newport- Tip, near the village of 
 Murroe, on the verge of the county of 
 Tipperary, and three miles from the 
 small village of Abington, on the 
 estate of Lord Cloncurry. In the 
 vicinity is the improved demesne of 
 Belvidere. 
 
 BENBANE HEAD, a headland on 
 the coast of Antrim, near the Giant’s 
 Causeway, a short distance east of the 
 Plaiskins. 
 
 165 
 
 BENBO, a remarkable mountain 
 in the county of Leitrim, 1365 feet in 
 height, on the road from the small 
 town of Manor-Hamilton to Sligo. 
 At its base are the hamlet and de- 
 mesne of Lurganboy, in a most pic- 
 turesque situation, watered by the 
 Bonnet river, and surrounded by 
 thriving plantations. 
 
 BENBREDAGH, a mountain in 
 the county of Londonderry, 1531 feet 
 in height, close to the town of Dim- 
 given, on the east side of the beautiful 
 valley traversed by the Roe river. 
 
 BENBULBEN, a mountain in the 
 county of Sligo, 1697 feet in height, of 
 easy ascent, and commanding from its 
 cliffs fine views of the whole line of 
 coast and surrounding district. The 
 road from Sligo to Ballyshannon runs 
 round its base. It is composed of 
 three cliffs known as Benbulben, Ben- 
 duff, and Benwisken, appropriately 
 termed the Three Sisters, bold, and 
 having a curious effect from the irre- 
 gularity of their shape, but resembling 
 each other. 
 
 BENBURB, or Binburb, or the 
 Brow of the Hill, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Clonfeacle, county of Tyrone, 
 situated on the Blackwater. The 
 ruins of Benburb castle, an ancient 
 fortification, once of great strength, 
 are perched on a rock upwards of 120 
 feet in height, overhanging the river. 
 Near the village are the parish 
 church, Presbyterian meeting-house, 
 and schools; and an aqueduct and 
 deep excavations connected with the 
 Ulster Canal. A battle was fought 
 at Benburb in 1646. Numerous fairs 
 are held throughout the year in this 
 village. 
 
 BENDENSTOWN, or Gilberts- 
 town, a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Forth, county of Carlow, 
 and annexed Diocese of Leighlin, one 
 of the parishes in the Union of Agh- 
 ade, four miles from the post-town of 
 Tullow. Population in 1831, 567. 
 
 BENEKERY, a parish belonging 
 to the Barony of Rath v illy, though 
 situated in the centre of the Barony 
 of Carlow, county of Carlow, and 
 
BEN THE GAZETTEER BER 
 
 Diocese of Ferns. It is not mentioned 
 in the ecclesiastical returns as a pa- 
 rish, the one half of the tithe being 
 paid to Ballinacarry, and the other 
 half to Urglin parishes. Population, 
 224. 
 
 BENGORE, a headland near Ben- 
 bane, county of Antrim, a little east 
 of the Plaiskins, near the Giant’s 
 Causeway. 
 
 BENGOWER, a mountain in the 
 county of Galway, on the route from 
 the village of Oughterard to Clifden, 
 rising with the Lettery Mountain over 
 the lake of Ballynahinch, one of the 
 lakes connected with those of Derry- 
 clare and Ina. It is one of the 
 group of Binabola, or the Twelve 
 Pins , in the middle of the district of 
 Connemara and the Joyce Country. 
 
 BENNETT’S BRIDGE, a village 
 partly in the parish of Killarney, and 
 partly in that of Danesfort, county of 
 Kilkenny, situated on the river Nore, 
 which is here crossed by abridge, five 
 miles from Gowran, 10 miles from 
 Kilmagany, and 17 miles from Car- 
 rick-on-Suir. The Duke of Ormond 
 held his celebrated review at Ben- 
 nett’s Bridge in 1704. 
 
 BEN WEE, a hill near Portacloy in 
 the county of Mayo, its north-west 
 side rising perpendicularly from the 
 sea to a height of 900 feet. It is of 
 easy ascent, and commands a view of 
 the greater part of the singular dis- 
 trict of Erris on the one hand, and on 
 the other the broad expanse of the 
 Atlantic. On the east are seen the 
 Stags of Broadhaven, and the entire 
 line of rocky shore from Benmore to 
 Downpatrick Head; and on the south- 
 west are the harbours of Broadhaven 
 and Blacksod, the shores and penin- 
 sula of the Mullet, and the toweling 
 mountains of Achill. 
 
 BEN-YEVENAGH, a mountain 
 in the county of Londonderry, 1260 
 feet in height, in the district stretch- 
 ing north of the town of Newtown- 
 Limavady, along the eastern shores 
 of Lough Foyle, including the fertile 
 tract of Myroe and the truly desolate 
 shores of Magillegan. It is green 
 166 
 
 and verdant, and exhibits some fine 
 specimens of columnar cliff's. A 
 splendid view of this mountainous 
 district, and its shores, from Fair- 
 Head to Inishowen-Head, is obtained 
 from the summit of Ben-Yevenagh ; 
 and the hill abounds with many in- 
 teresting objects in Natural History. 
 
 BERE. See Bantry Barony. 
 
 BE RE, an island in the parish of 
 Kilhaghanenagh, county of Cork, lying 
 across the entrance of Bantry Bay, 
 and forming a complete breakwater. 
 It is about 17 miles in extent, and the 
 surface is elevated and rocky. This 
 island is one of the signal stations. 
 The Harbour, or Creek, of Berehaven, 
 on the mainland, is a place of very 
 considerable trade ; in 1835, the value 
 of the exports w r as not less than 
 L.77,360; the value of the imports, 
 L .30,081. “ West of Glengariff,” 
 
 observe Mr and Mrs S. C. Hall, “ is 
 the promontory of Berehaven, sepa- 
 rating Bantry Bay from the Kenmure 
 River. It is a wild and primitive 
 district, abounding in picturesque 
 and romantic scenery, full of legends, 
 with historical associations of great 
 interest; and possessing the ruins of 
 many castles of the O’Sullivans, for 
 centuries the lords of the soil, al- 
 though their descendants are now 
 but the hewers of stone and the 
 drawers of water. Of the Castle of 
 Dunboy, the ancient stronghold of 
 the O’Sullivans, a few w'alls only re- 
 main, barely sufficient to point out its 
 locality. During the wars of Eliza- 
 beth it was occupied by the Spaniards, 
 who subsequently resigned it to Philip 
 O’Sullivan. In 1601 Sir George Care w 
 marched at the head of a small 
 army to besiege it. The garrison 
 was commanded by a gallant soldier, 
 MacGeoghegan, with whom co-oper- 
 ated Tyrrell, the best guerilla of his 
 time. It consisted of less than 150 
 fighting- men, but they were the 
 stoutest and bravest of all the Irish 
 forces. For many days they kept 
 their numerous and powerful ene- 
 mies at bay ; at length, a tower of the 
 castle having been beaten down, they 
 
BES OP IRELAND. BIN 
 
 offered to surrender upon quarter. 
 The messenger was hanged within 
 their sight, and the breach was order- 
 ed to be entered. The Irish fought 
 lustily for many hours, until the rem- 
 nant were forced to take shelter in the 
 cellars, the only entrance into which 
 was a narrow stone staircase, which 
 they continued to defend, offering, 
 however, to surrender ‘ if they might 
 have their lives,’ which, in accordance 
 with the barbarous policy of the age, 
 was refused. They collected a quan- 
 tity of powder into one of the vaults, 
 and their captain sat down beside it, 
 with a lighted match — a resolution 
 having been formed to blow up the 
 castle and all in it, unless quarter 
 was granted. Ultimately, however, 
 the English forced a passage, and 
 MacGeoghegan, who was lying there 
 mortally .wounded, raised himself, 
 and snatching up the match, stagger- 
 ed with it to the powder barrel, 
 when Captain Power seized him, and 
 held him in his arms until he was 
 killed. The whole of the garrison 
 were butchered — either slain, buried 
 in the ruins, or executed. No single 
 man of the gallant defenders of the 
 castle escaped, and while tliamemorv 
 of Dunboy endures, a dark blot will 
 remain upon the name of one of the 
 bravest, wisest, and most courteous 
 of the officers of Queen Elizabeth. 
 The O’Sullivan remained among his 
 native fastnesses, until the cruel 
 policy of the conquerors so wasted 
 the district, that his followers gradu- 
 ally perished of famine, and the few 
 that remained were compelled to 
 accompany their lord to a far off dis- 
 tance in search of food.” 
 
 BEREEN COROUGH MOUN- 
 TAINS, a range of mountains in the 
 county of Mayo, separated from the 
 Nephin group of mountains on the 
 east by Glen Nephin, on the route 
 from Castlebar to Belmullet, by Loch 
 Beltra, Corrickbridge, and Bangor. 
 
 BESBOROUGH, a demesne in the 
 county of Kilkenny, upwards of three 
 miles below the town of Carrick-on- 
 Suir, which gives the title of Earl in 
 167 
 
 the Peerage of Ireland to the Noble 
 Family of Ponsonby, so created in 
 1739. 
 
 BIG COLLON HILL, an elevation a 
 few miles east of the road from Ra 1 - 
 dalstown to Ballymena, in the county 
 of Antrim. 
 
 BILLY, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Baronies of Carey and Dun- 
 luce, county of Antrim, and Diocese 
 of Down and Connor, watered by tho 
 river Bush, and not far from the post 
 village of Bushmills. Population in 
 1831, 5845. See Giant’s Causeway. 
 
 BINABOLA, or the Twelve Pins, 
 a remarkable and picturesque range 
 of mountains in the middle of the 
 district of Connemara and the Joyce 
 Country, displaying the wildest and 
 most gigantic scenery on the route 
 from Oughterard to Clifden. The 
 vale of In a, to the right of Garromin 
 Lake, sweeps along the eastern boun- 
 dary of these mountains, and at the 
 entrance of this vale is the insulated 
 hill of Cooluacarton, upwards of 900 
 feet in height, and commanding from 
 its summit a magnificent view of the 
 lakes, vales, and mountains in this 
 quarter of Galway. The lakes Bal- 
 lynahinch, Derryclare, and Ina, bound 
 the Twelve Pins on the east and west. 
 The Binabola group consists of two 
 distinct ranges or groups connected 
 by the elevated Pass of Maam Ina. 
 The peaks or summits have their se- 
 veral names, and range from 1900 to 
 2400 feet above the level of the sea. 
 An extensive moorland tract stretches 
 westward from the part of the 
 Twelve Pins overhanging Ballyna- 
 hinch Lake to Slyne Head and Mannin 
 Bay ; and this region is literally stud- 
 ded with innumerable lakes, ponds, i 
 and pools, and the w r ater evidently j 
 contends with the land for the superi- I 
 ority of surface. If this district were | 
 thickly inhabited, which in its present 
 state is impossible, the natives might 
 have some pretensions to the repu- 
 tation of being amphibious. 
 
 BINBANE, a mountain rising 1500 
 feet in height, on the route from 
 Finntown to Dungloe, in the county 
 
I — 
 
 BIR THE GAZETTEER BIB. 
 
 of Donegal, in the neighbourhood of | 
 Glenties. 
 
 BINGH AM’S-TO WN, a small town 
 in the parish of Kilcommon, county of 
 Mayo, on the coast in the district of 
 Erris. The erection of the pier by 
 the Fishery Board, and the opening 
 of the road from Castlebar to the 
 Mullet, at the expense of Government, 
 brought this town into existence, 
 which, small as it is, is the most con- 
 siderable in the district. Bingham’s- 
 Town is about three miles from Bel- 
 mullet, and though it contains the 
 parish church and Roman Catholic 
 chapel, it is little better than a mere 
 assemblage of wretched hovels. The 
 condition of the peasantry in the vici- 
 nity is described as truly miserable, 
 and the whole district is wild, deso- 
 late, and inhospitable. Bingham Cas- 
 tle, so called from its proprietor, is a 
 large castellated edifice, surveying in 
 melancholy solitude the expanse of 
 the Atlantic, the storms of which are 
 fatal to trees in this quarter, and none 
 rise beyond the walls which inclose 
 and protect them. This mausion is 
 situated on Blacksod Bay. Near Bing- 
 ham’s-Town, at a place called Cross, 
 are the homely ruins of an old church, 
 and opposite there is the islet of In- 
 nisglora, on which is an ancient burial- 
 place. A remarkable cave, which re- 
 joices in the somewhat Otaheitan 
 name of Pullinashantina, is in this vi- 
 cinity. The sea rushes into it with 
 great violence and a loud noise about 
 a quarter of a mile. 
 
 BIRD ISLAND, an islet in the cen- 
 tre of Lough Strangford, in the county 
 of Down, off the Barony of Ardes, 
 surrounded by very dangerous rocks. 
 
 BIRD ISLAND, an island on the 
 coast of Cork, at the south-west side 
 of Dunmanus Bay, off the Barony of 
 Carberry. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM (NEW), a town 
 in the parish of Kilcooley, county of 
 Tipperary, begun by Sir Aubrey Vere, 
 Bart., on account of its favourable 
 situation to the coal mines of the 
 Killenaule district. Population in 
 1831, 298. 
 
 168 
 
 BIRR, or Parsonstown, a market- 
 town, parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Ballybutt, King’s 
 County, and Diocese of Killaloe. It 
 is 62£ miles, from Dublin by Monas- 
 tereven, Portarlington, Mountnellick, 
 Clonaslie, and Kinnetty, and 65 miles 
 from that city by Enfield, Edenderry, 
 Philipstown, Tullamor e, and Frank- 
 ford. The town is beautifully situ- 
 ated on the Little Brosna river, which 
 here separates the King’s County from 
 Tipperary, and obtains the name of 
 Parsonstown from the Noble Family 
 of Parsons, Earls of Rosse, to whom 
 it belongs. Birr is the second town of 
 importance in the King’sCounty, being 
 only inferior to Tullamore, and occu- 
 pies one of the gentle acclivities which 
 extend from the base of the Slieve- 
 bloom range of mountains. The more 
 modern parts of the town consist of 
 well-built streets and squares regular- 
 ly laid out, and containing many re- 
 spectable inhabitants. In the square 
 near the centre of the town, called 
 Duke Square, is a pillar of the Doric 
 order, fifty feet high, surmounted by 
 a full-length pedestrian statue of Wil- 
 liam Duke of Cumberland, son of 
 George II., in a Roman costume, erect- 
 ed in 1747, to commemorate the sup- 
 pression of the Scotisli enterprise un- 
 der Prince Charles Edward in 1746. 
 This is probably the only statue of 
 His Royal Highness in any town in 
 the British Empire, and the worthy 
 lieges of Birr must submit to be told, 
 that while it commemorates a victory 
 gained by veteran troops, having am- 
 ple supplies of every necessary, over 
 a band of fatigued and half-starving 
 Highlanders, their statue also perpe- 
 tuates the horrible cruelties which 
 the victor wantonly inflicted after the 
 battle of Culloden. It is curious that 
 Scotland and England, the former 
 more immediately the scene of the 
 Duke’s operations, should have ne- 
 glected his memory, and that such a 
 statue should be found in the town of 
 Birr, in the King’s County ! The pa- 
 rish church is a most beautiful modern 
 edifice in the Gothic style, with a 
 
Bffi OF IRELAND. BIR 
 
 tower 100 feet high, the whole costing 
 about L.8000; as is also the Roman 
 Catholic chapel, built in the Gothic 
 style, of hewn limestone, with a spire 
 124 feet high, the first stone of which 
 was laid by Lord Oxmantown in 1817. 
 It is dedicated to St Brendan, and 
 Protestants, as well as Roman Catho- 
 lics, liberally subscribed towards its 
 erection. In the town are Quaker 
 and Methodist meeting-houses, and, 
 what is a real Irish novelty at least, if 
 it is not a novelty anywhere, there is 
 actually a “ Dissenting" Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel, if indeed such a term 
 is strictly applicable. This schism 
 was commenced by the Messrs Crotty, 
 parish priests of Birr, who first began 
 to celebrate Mass in English, and at 
 whose devoted heads fearful anathe- 
 mas were hurled. Birr contains a 
 Dispensary, Fever Hospital, Mendicity 
 House, an Association for the Relief 
 of Distressed Shopkeepers, and seve- 
 ral benevolent and charitable institu- 
 tions, supported by voluntary sub- 
 scriptions and Grand Jury county 
 presentments, and the town is the 
 seat of the Union Workhouse under 
 the Irish Poor Law Act. In the town 
 and suburbs, and throughout the pa- 
 rish, are numerous schools for boys 
 and girls. The Quarter Sessions of 
 the Peace are held at Birr, and in the 
 Sessions-House is also held the Court 
 Baron of the manor, on the first Mon- 
 day of every month, before a sene- 
 schal nominated by the Earl of Rosse. 
 Certain functionaries, or officers of 
 health, are appointed annually, whose 
 duty is to superintend the cleaning of 
 the streets, the general purification of 
 the town, and the institutions for the 
 relief of the sick. In the town are a 
 public reading-room and a library. 
 
 , The Brosna river and the Birr stream 
 are crossed by several bridges. About 
 half a mile from the town are exten- 
 sive Barracks, built to accommodate 
 2000 men, with 60 acres attached for 
 holding inspections and reviews. In 
 Birr are breweries, distilleries, tan- 
 neries, and several flour-mills; fairs 
 are held in February, May, August, 
 169 
 
 and December ; the corn trade is con- 
 siderable, and the retail trade exten- 
 sive. This may be considered a thriv- 
 ing town ; the neighbourhood is fer- 
 tile and well cultivated, and the pro- 
 prietors are in general resident ; but 
 it may be doubted if Birr will ever 
 become of much commercial prospe- 
 rity until it is connected by a railway 
 with the Shannon, as it lies too far 
 from that river to be much benefited 
 by water carriage, and is so near other 
 towns possessing that advantage, as 
 to prevent it in its present circum- 
 stances from becoming an independ- 
 ent market. The linen trade has been 
 encouraged, but its woollen manufac- 
 ture yielded to distillation, which in 
 turn w r as threatened to be annihilated 
 in 1840 by Father Mathew and his 
 legion of tee-totallers, or w r ater-drink- 
 ers. Before distillation commenced, 
 the woollen manufacture, which was 
 introduced in 1682, was the staple 
 trade of the town. 
 
 Though not a borough town, Birr 
 once had the honour of having a Par- 
 liament assembled in it. Certainly it 
 was only a Parliament of James II. in 
 1689, after his abdication, but still it 
 was a Parliament. The town has 
 been known by the name of Birr since 
 the middle of the sixth century, when 
 St Brendan, the disciple of St Finian 
 of Clonard, founded its monastery. 
 During the ninth century it was of 
 sufficient importance to provoke the 
 plundering cupidity of the contending 
 Irish factions, and of their common 
 enemies the Danes. It was burned 
 down in 1162, and about the end of 
 that century the town was wrested 
 from its original possessors, the chiefs 
 of O’Carrol, in whose territory it was 
 situated, and granted to Theobald 
 Fitzwalter, Butler of Ireland, and an- 
 cestor of the great Irish family sur- 
 named Butler. The deprived chiefs, 
 however, were resolved not to submit 
 tamely to this deprivation of their 
 property, and they gave the new pos- 
 sessors and their lessees an infinitude 
 of trouble. The town, with the sur- 
 rounding district, in short, very fre- 
 p 
 
BIR THE GAZETTEER BIR 
 
 quently changed masters, until at 
 length it was actually acquired, by 
 royal patent in 1557, by William O’Car- 
 rol, Chief of O’Carrol. But that fata- 
 lity which seems to have attended 
 most of the Irish chieftains followed 
 O’Carrol, and he and his sept soon 
 forfeited their newly acquired title. 
 In 1612 the then Chief of O’Carrol was 
 anew confiscated, and the district was 
 acquired from James I. in 1620 by Sir 
 William Parsons, a gentleman of good 
 family in the county of Norfolk, cre- 
 ated a Baronet in that year, ancestor 
 of the present proprietor, the Earl of 
 ; Rosse. Sir William resolved to im- 
 prove the town, and during his life- 
 time several new streets were built, 
 
 I flankers and barbicans were added to 
 the Castle, and Birr began to attain the 
 importance of a county town. Sir Wil- 
 liam Parsons was constituted LordJus- 
 tice of Ireland with Sir John Borlase 
 | in 1641, and continued in the govern- 
 ment of the kingdom till 1643. When 
 the Civil Wars broke out in 1641, Birr 
 was held for the English by Captain 
 William Parsons, but after a severe 
 siege he was compelled to surrender 
 to General Preston and the Confeder- 
 ated Catholics in 1642, who in 1650 
 were in turn expelled by Ireton for 
 the Parliamentarians. Captain Par- 
 sons thought it expedient to connect 
 himself with the popular or predomi- 
 nant party, and was restored to his 
 estates. The towTi of Birr soon re- 
 covered, and about the time of the 
 Restoration it is said that some of the 
 merchants issued their own coinage 
 — a liberty which has been often exer- 
 cised in Ireland, especially in copper 
 money. Sir William Parsons of Birr 
 Castle was suspected by the adherents 
 of James II. at the Revolution of fa- 
 vouring the Prince of Orange, and he 
 was commanded to surrender Birr 
 Castle to his own agent or steward, 
 named Oxburgh, a zealous Jacobite, 
 who had taken the liberty to raise a 
 troop of horse out of the rents of his 
 employer, and who was dignified with 
 the rank of Colonel in King James’ 
 army. Sir William, however, stood 
 170 
 
 out for terms, and he was accordingly 
 found guilty of high treason and con- 
 demned ; but the result of the battle 
 of the Boyne in 1690 delivered him from 
 the vengeance of James, and he was 
 once more restored to his estates. Birr 
 Castle was again besieged by General 
 Sarsfield, but it was successfully de- 
 fended, and the Irish w r ere compelled 
 to retire after the first day’s cannon- 
 ade, and the tovro and castle were 
 then occupied by William’s troops, 
 who surrounded both with earthen 
 ramparts. 
 
 The present castle of Birr, the seat 
 of the Earl of Rosse, is built on the 
 site of the old tow r er of the O’Carrols, 
 and some of the walls still bear the 
 marks made by the battering of 
 General Sarsfield’s cannon, before it 
 was relieved by General Kirke. It 
 is now completely modernized, and 
 its lofty and embattled walls, towers, 
 and gateways, are in fine architectural 
 taste and harmony, adding much to 
 the appearance of the tow r n. In the 
 castle are some curious tapestries, 
 and several good pictures. The 
 grounds are most beautiful, and all 
 respectable strangers are liberally al- 
 lowed access. Here is an Observatory, 
 furnished with splendid astronomical 
 apparatus, added by Lord Oxman- 
 town, who succeeded his father as 
 third Earl of Rosse in February 1841. 
 The great telescope is said to be ' 
 larger than the celebrated telescope 
 of Sir John Herschel. Among the 
 neighbouring villas maybe mentioned 
 Syngefield, Springfield, Ashfield, and 
 Elmgrove. The scenery towards the 
 Slievebloom Mountains, the pictur- 
 esque dells and ravines of which are 
 worthy of an exploration, is peculiar- 
 ly romantic. On the south side of 
 the town, in the direction of Ross- 
 crea, are the mansions of Oakley 
 Park, Ballyeigan, Birrview, Gloster, 
 Sliaravogue, a lodge belonging to 
 Lord Rossmore, and several neat 
 villas. North of the towrn is Wood 
 field, in 1840 the seat of the Hon. Mr 
 Parsons. Towards Borris-o-kane are 
 some commodious suburban residen- 
 
BLA OF IRELAND. BLA 
 
 ces, and near the village of Bally- 
 loughnane are extensive corn-mills. 
 
 The adjoining villages of Saffin, 
 Crinkle, Ballindalla, and Ballylough- 
 nane, are so close to the town as to 
 constitute suburbs. The population 
 in 1831 was returned at 6594, but in 
 connection with these villages the 
 inhabitants of Birr were much more 
 numerous. 
 
 BIRTERACH, an island near Kil- 
 lala, in Mayo. 
 
 BIRTURBUY BAY, a fine harbour 
 on the coast of Galway, in the vicinity 
 of Roundstone, which runs inland 
 probably five miles, and in some parts 
 from one mile to two miles broad. 
 In the “ Nautical Descriptions of the 
 Coasts of Ireland,” by Mr Murdoch 
 Mackenzie, published in 1766, Birtur- 
 buy Bay is described as “ capacious, 
 well sheltered, good ground, and 
 capable of the largest ships. Vessels 
 may ride on the east side of Ilanochly, 
 in from four to eight fathoms water, 
 or any where above that near the 
 middle of the bay. The shallow parts 
 of this bay to be avoided are the 
 Oyster Bank at the north-east end, 
 and an oozy shallow along the south 
 side, extending two cables' length 
 from that shore, on which there is 
 not above one fathom with low spring 
 tide. In sailing into this harbour 
 the Tonyal Shoal ought to be avoided, 
 and a rock dry with spring tide only, 
 about half a mile west of Massah 
 Point 3 also Smith’s Rock, which lies 
 about a quarter of a mile north-west 
 from Fruhilan Island.” Inistreli 
 Island is a small one at the mouth of 
 Birterbuy Bay. 
 
 BLACK BULL, a village three 
 miles from Clonee, in the county of 
 Meath, on the cross road from Dub- 
 lin to Enniskillen by Trim, and ten 
 miles from Dublin. 
 
 BLACK CASTLE, the ruins of 
 which are still seen, stood on an im- 
 pending sea cliff a little off Wicklow 
 Head, near the town of Wicklow. 
 This fortalice is supposed to have 
 been constructed in the 14th century. 
 
 BLACK CHURCH INN, an ex- 
 
 171 
 
 cellent inn two miles from Rathcoole, 
 and ten miles from Dublin, on the 
 road to Naas. 
 
 BLACK POINT, a conspicuous 
 point on the coast of Cork, from 
 Cable Island to Gaily Head. 
 
 BLACKRATH, a parish and pre- 
 bend in the Barony of Gouran, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 three miles from Kilkenny. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 730. 
 
 BLACK ROCK, a rock always 
 above water on the south coast of 
 Wexford, a few miles from Carnsore 
 Point. Nearly a mile east-south-east 
 are the two small rocks called the 
 Barrels. The term Black Rock is 
 applied to many rocks on the coasts 
 of Ireland. Some are so called near 
 the middle of Courtmacsherry Bay, 
 on the coast of Galway. 
 
 BLACK ROCK, a small village in 
 the parish of Haggartstown, county 
 of Louth, near the post village of 
 Lurgan Green. 
 
 BLACK ROCK, a village and 
 castle near the city of Cork, on the 
 peninsula formed by the Lee and 
 Douglas rivers, which enter the cele- 
 brated Cove of Cork, not far from the 
 little ’village of B allintemple, between 
 which and the Black Rock village is 
 St Michael's church, built in 1827, 
 and serving as a kind of chapel-of- 
 ease to the Cathedral. “ The shores 
 of this interesting tract,” says Mr 
 Windele, “ are in general craggy, 
 whilst from one extremity to the 
 other it is covered with gardens, 
 parks, plantations, and villas, many 
 of them splendid, all picturesquely 
 situated. — The Roman Catholic chapel 
 stands adjacent to the village of 
 Black Rock, and occupies a conspi- 
 cuous situation in the scenery. It 
 is a chapel-of-ease to that of St Finn 
 Barr in Cork, and was erected in 
 
 1824. Within a small distance of the 
 village stands a magnificent convent 
 of Ursuline nuns, founded as such in 
 
 1825. It consists of a great centre 
 building with two wings, one of 
 which is fitted up as a chapel ; a hand- 
 some lawn stretches in front towards 
 
BLA THE GAZETTEER BLA 
 
 the river. The Castle of Black 
 Rock stands at an angle of the penin- 
 sula, sentinel-like guarding the en- 
 trance into Lough-Mahon. The situa- 
 tion is admirably picturesque, and 
 every justice has been done to it by 
 the good taste and ability of its archi- 
 tect, Mr Pain. A circular tower was 
 built here in the early part of the 
 reign of James I. by the Lord Deputy 
 Mount joy, for the defence of the 
 river, in which service nevertheless 
 it never much aided. In 1722, the 
 Corporation expended some money 
 on its repairs, raised upon it an octa- 
 gon tower, which they crowned with a 
 roof, and here annually the Mayor, as 
 Admiral of the Harbour, held his 
 Admiralty Court. An accidental 
 fire destroyed the greater part of 
 the building. The present structure 
 was subsequently raised upon its 
 ruins for a sum of L.1000, adding 
 much to the effect of the beautiful 
 scenery of that part of the river. It 
 consists of a large circular tower, 
 with a crenelated parapet resting on 
 bold deep corbels. It is pierced with 
 numerous windows, having horizon- 
 tal labels, &c., and contains a small 
 banqueting room. At the east end 
 it is joined to a slender cylindrical 
 round tower, rising to a height of 
 several feet above the principal struc- 
 ture, and exhibiting at night a light 
 for the guidance of the shipping in 
 that part of the river, the expense of 
 which, about L.50 annually, is defray- 
 ed by the Corporation. To the rear 
 are several low oblong buildings, in a 
 style perfectly in keeping ; and at the 
 east side is a broad arched barbican 
 or water gate, opening directly on the 
 river, and leading down to the water 
 by a flight of steps. This fine portal 
 is flanked by small hexagon embattled 
 towers. The whole is in the style of 
 the Tudor era. The grounds between 
 the castle and the Douglas river are 
 called the Ring , from the word reen, 
 a promontory. A plain small forta- 
 lice, called Ring- Mahon Castle , stands 
 in front of the demesne so called. 
 It derives its name from a branch of 
 172 
 
 the old Irish sept of Mahony, who an- 
 ciently held large possessions in this 
 vicinity, and left their designation of 
 O’Mahoun, Mahon, or Mahony, to 
 many places within it. That part of 
 the river between Black Rock and 
 the Great Island received its name 
 of Lough Mahon from them.” This 
 intelligent local writer states that the 
 rock from which Rockville cottage 
 derives its title “has been remark- 
 able for the production of amethy- 
 stine crystals of fine colour, and 
 many of them of large size ; one pre- 
 served in the Cork Institution weigh- 
 ing not less than 401bs. The discovery 
 of these crystals led to great expec- 
 tations, and guards had to be placed 
 on the premises for their protection. 
 The place got afterwards into litiga- 
 tion.” In Black Rock chapel is a 
 monumental alto relievo, consisting 
 of three figures, to the memory of Mr 
 William Beamish, and executed by 
 Mr Hogan, the eminent sculptor, for 
 L.650. 
 
 BLACK ROCK, a small watering 
 place on the coast of Louth, near its 
 county town of Dundalk. 
 
 BLACK ROCK, a beautiful sea- 
 bathing village, or rather town, in the 
 parish of Monkstown, county of Dub- 
 lin, on the thoroughfare from Dublin 
 to Kingstown Harbour. Here are 
 numerous villas and sea-bathing re- 
 treats inhabited during the season by 
 the Nobility and Gentry of Dublin. 
 See Dublin. 
 
 BLACKSOD BAY, a bay on the 
 coast of Mayo, of which Tulloghaan 
 Bay is a branch, and separated from 
 it by the narrow isthmus of Geesala. 
 Blacksod Bay is from three to five 
 miles in breadth, and on its opposite 
 shore are the sinuous bays of the 
 Mullet. Some parts of the road are 
 hilly, but other parts are low, and oc- 
 casionally inundated. The county here 
 is peculiarly desolate, as are all the 
 tracts of Erris. The lofty mountains 
 of A chill Island are conspicuous. 
 Blacksod Bay could contain the 
 whole British Navy, and is proposed 
 as a terminus to one of the great lines 
 
BLA OF IRELAND. BLA 
 
 of the Western Railway. At the 
 extremity of the isthmus which sepa- 
 rates the Bays of Blacksod and Broad- 
 haven is the town of Belmullet. In 
 this quarter the roads are bad, and 
 the villages consist of wretched 
 hovels. Though there is a consider- 
 able proportion of good land, the 
 cultivation is of the worst description. 
 
 BLACKSTAIRS MOUNTAINS, a 
 range of mountains in the county of 
 Wicklow, on the route from Blessing- 
 ton and Baltinglass to Newtownbarry. 
 This range is connected with the 
 Mount-Leinster range, and both are 
 I the greatest elevations in the district. 
 Their summits are varied, and their 
 sides are fertile, though intersected 
 by numerous dells and ravines. 
 
 BL ACKSTONES, a river in Kerry, 
 which enters the Lakes of Carragh, 
 
 : called the Upper and the Lower, sepa- 
 rated from each other by a narrow 
 channel. This stream is navigable for 
 small boats about a mile, and leads 
 into the centre of the wild and mag- 
 nificent mountain scenery in Kerry. 
 
 BLACKWATER, a small village 
 on the road from Gorey to Wexford 
 by Oulart. Near it is the seat of 
 Castle Talbot. 
 
 BLACKWATER, the name of up- 
 wards of twenty rivers in Ireland, of 
 various importance and length of 
 course. Most of them are remark- 
 ably romantic, and afford excellent 
 sport to the angler. 
 
 BLACKWATER, a river of the 
 county of Armagh, rising on the 
 confines of Tyrone and Fermanagh, 
 running in a north-easterly direction, 
 and flowing by Blackwater-town and 
 Charlemont, enters the southern ex- 
 tremity of Lough Neagh. This stream 
 was anciently called Avon- More , or 
 the Great River , which it does not 
 deserve, except by comparison with 
 the others of the district ; and it is in 
 no way remarkable beyond its histo- 
 rical associations, during the long pe- 
 riod when it was the boundary be- 
 tween the English Pale and the Ty- 
 rone O’Neills. As those turbulent 
 chieftains caused the English an infi- 
 173 
 
 nitude of trouble and were never at 
 rest, Sir John Perrott, after passing 
 through O’Kane’ s Country, now the 
 county of Londonderry, in 1584 re- 
 solved to erect a fort on the Black- 
 water, to command the passes into 
 Armagh, and overawe O’Neill’s strong- 
 holds of Dungannon and Benburb. 
 This fort stood near the present in- 
 considerable village of Blackwater- 
 town, now in the centre of a fertile 
 and flourishing district. The erec- 
 tion of the fort was one of the causes 
 of the Earl of Tyrone’s great rebel- 
 lion, when, after several petty skir- 
 mishes, upwards of 30,000 men were 
 in less than three months in arms 
 against Queen Elizabeth. This ce- 
 lebrated insurrection led to the colo- 
 nizing of Tyrone with families from 
 England and Scotland, and as those 
 persons required no garrison to keep 
 them under control, the fort was al- 
 lowed to decay. The Earl of Tyrone 
 alleged that the outrages committed 
 by the garrison of the fort justified 
 his first rising in arms, and it often 
 was taken and retaken before he final- 
 ly engaged in the important rebellion 
 of which he was the leader. In 1598 
 Marshal Bagnal marched at the head 
 of a considerable force to the relief 
 of Captain Williams, the Warden, who 
 had been hotly pressed by the Irish 
 forces under O’Neill (Tyrone), O’Don- 
 nell, and Maguire. The Marshal’s 
 troops were inferior in number, but 
 superior in discipline and equipment 
 to those of the insurgent chiefs ; and 
 among them were a considerable pro- 
 portion of indigenous Irish in the 
 Queen’s pay, with many of the young 
 native nobility, of whom the most dis- 
 tinguished was one known as the 
 Queen's O'Reilly, otherwise Mael- 
 murry Dlias , or the Handsome. The 
 royal army marched from the city of 
 Armagh before day-break, and early 
 in the morning the action commenced 
 at a locality called Atlibury y or the 
 Yellow Ford, from the colour of the 
 soil, near which O’Neill had contrived 
 to entrench himself behind a shallow 
 stream flowing through a marsh, and 
 
BLA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BLA 
 
 concealed by woods and narrow passes, 
 which enabled the Irish outguards to 
 gall the English severely for upwards 
 of half an hour before they could se- 
 cure a footing on the plain. O’Neill 
 had caused concealed pits to be dug 
 in the ground, which he covered with 
 turf and furze, and this stratagem 
 threw the English men-at-arms charg- 
 ing across the open fields into great 
 confusion. Notwithstanding this and 
 every other contrivance, however, the 
 English passed the ford of Athbury, 
 and drove back the insurgents to their 
 trenches, but they were eventually 
 defeated, Marshal Bagnal was killed ; 
 and the Irish historians ascribe the 
 preservation of those who escaped 
 solely to the loyalty of the Queen's 
 O'Reilly , who covered the retreat. 
 The fort of Blackwater and the city 
 of Armagh surrendered on the fol- 
 lowing day, and the English retired 
 to Newry with the loss of their bag- 
 gage, ammunition, artillery, and of 
 from 1500 to 2500 men. 
 
 BLACKWATER, the chief river 
 of the county of Cork, and certainly 
 one of the most beautiful of all the 
 Irish rivers, rises on the confines of 
 Limerick and Kerry, and flows west- 
 ward by Millstreet, Mallow, Lismore, 
 and Cappoquin, from which last men- 
 tioned place its course is southward 
 to the sea, which it enters at Youg- 
 hall Bay, between the counties of 
 Cork and Waterford. Its principal tri- 
 butaries are the Alla, or Allua, the Aw- 
 beg, the “ gentle Mulla” of Spencer, 
 the Funcheon, the Bride, the Finish, 
 and the Lickey. The course of the 
 Blackwater on the south is bounded 
 by a continuous chain of lofty moun- 
 tains, from those of Muskerry on the 
 west, called the Slieve Logher range, 
 which run into the Boghra range, 
 and the chain of the Nagles, to the 
 borders of Waterford. The scenery 
 of the Blackwater is most romantic 
 and picturesque, particularly from 
 Mallow to Lismore, which tourists 
 can explore by boats. “ We have 
 had descents of the Danube,” says Mr 
 Inglis, “ and descents of the Rhine 
 174 
 
 and of the Rhone, and of many other 
 rivers, but we have not in print, as 
 far as I know, any descent of the 
 Blackwater, and yet with all these 
 descents of foreign rivers in my re- 
 collection, I think the descent of the 
 Blackwater not surpassed by any of 
 them. A detail of all that is seen 
 gliding down the Blackwater, from 
 Cappoquin to Youghail, would fill a 
 long chapter. There is every com- 
 bination that can be produced by the 
 elements, that enter the picturesque 
 and the beautiful — deep shades, bold 
 rocks, verdant slopes, with the tri- 
 umphs of art superadded, and made 
 visible in magnificent houses and 
 beautiful villas, with their decorated 
 lawns and pleasure-grounds.” Mr 
 Inglis particularly notices Tourin, a 
 “fine old place;” Drumanna, a “mag- 
 nificent domain, embossed in a world 
 of foliage Campire, Strancally, and 
 Ballinatry. Above Lismore the Black- 
 water is a fine deep inland river, glid- 
 ing through a lovely valley in a most 
 interesting district ; below Lismore, 
 to its debouch at Youghail, it is a 
 tidal river, presenting at ebb tides 
 muddy sides, but these are amply 
 compensated by the fine banks, im- 
 provements, and natural scenery. 
 This river is not navigable, and it is 
 celebrated for its salmon, though said 
 to be inferior to those of the neigh- 
 bouring river Lee. Above Lismore 
 the salmon-fishing is excellent, as is 
 also the fly-fishing. On the banks of 
 the river, during its course, are ex- 
 tensive flour-mills, amply supplied 
 with water power. The Poet Spen- 
 cer’s castle of Kilcolman stands near 
 the junction of the Awbeg, and he 
 mentions the river as “ clear Awni- 
 duff, that of the Englishmen is called 
 Blackwater.” At Youghail the river 
 is crossed by a handsome bridge de- 
 signed by Mr Nimmo, and a canal is 
 formed from Cappoquin to Lismore, 
 at the sole expense of the Duke of 
 Devonshire. 
 
 BLACKWATER, a stream which 
 issups from Lough Brin amid the 
 finest scenery, and enters Kenmare 
 
BLA 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BLA 
 
 Bay, in the county of Kerry, not far 
 from Derryquin. “ This river,” says 
 the Sportsman in Ireland, “ pre- 
 sents to the tourist and the angler at 
 least a fortnight’s varying amusement. 
 The strictness with which this river 
 has been preserved has rendered 
 nearly all the scattered inhabitants 
 adepts in the art of fly-fishing.” — “ Six 
 miles west of Kenmare,” says Mr 
 Windele, “ the river Blackwater flows 
 into the bay. The road leading to its 
 celebrated bridge is one of the most 
 agreeable in the vicinity, skirting the 
 bay, and keeping it in view nearly 
 the whole distance. The river holds 
 its noisy course through a deep ra- 
 vine, whose steep sides are thickly 
 wooded. The bridge, a structure of 
 two lofty arches, connecting the high 
 banks at either side, passes over a 
 chasm of great depth. Under these 
 arches the river rushes in two rapid 
 currents.” Dromore, erected by the 
 Rev. Denis Mahony, the proprietor, 
 is a fine castellated residence on its 
 banks. 
 
 BLACKWATER, a stream which 
 ] rises in the county of Meath, and after 
 passing Kells, enters the Boyue at 
 Navan. Another Blackwater is in 
 the county of Wexford, reaching the 
 sea at Bannow Bay and a third is in 
 the county of Longford, falling into 
 the Shannon, north of Lanesborough. 
 
 BLACKWATERTOWN, a village 
 about four miles from the city of Ar- 
 magh. 
 
 BLANCHARDTOWN, a village in 
 the county of Dublin, near the banks 
 of the Royal Canal. 
 
 BLANCHE VILLE SKILL, or 
 Blanchvillestown, a parish in the Ba- 
 rony of Gowran, comity of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory. The rectory 
 is appropriate in the vicars choral of 
 St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin ; and 
 the vicarage is a constituent of the 
 corps of the Archdeaconry. Post- 
 town, Gowran. 
 
 BLANEY BAY, a bay on the coast 
 of Donegal, near which is the island 
 of Innismacsaint. 
 
 BLARNEY, a parish, rectory and 
 175 
 
 vicarage, and small market town, in 
 the Baronies of Barretts and Mus- 
 kerry East, county of Cork, and an- 
 nexed Diocese of Cloyne, situated on 
 the Blarney river. The parish is 
 also designated Garrycloyne. This 
 town was designed and erected by Mr 
 Jeffries, the proprietor, whose castlo 
 is in a beautiful and well planted de- 
 mesne, in a rich and verdant valley, 
 five miles from Cork, and once had 
 cotton, linen, and paper manufac- 
 tures. Here is the strong castle 
 built by Cormac MacCarthy, the walls 
 18 feet thick, besieged and battered 
 by King William’s army. On the top 
 of the north-east angle of this castle, 
 which is a square tower, is the cele- 
 brated Blarney Stone , w hich every one 
 is expected to kiss, the salute confer- 
 ring on the individual the power of 
 flattering, and of commanding impli- 
 cit belief, and hence the origin of the 
 expressive term blarney. Among the 
 distinguished pilgrims to the far- j 
 famed, impudence-conferring Blar- 
 ney Stone was Sir Walter Scott, in 
 August 1825, accompanied by Lock- 
 hart, Miss Edgeworth, and others, 
 when the ceremony was duly ob- 
 served; and the proceeding is record- 
 ed in the amusing Prout Papers, 
 which originally appeared in Fraser’s 
 Magazine. In June 1836, Mr Thomas 
 Crofton Croker also very unneces- 
 sarily thought proper to apply his lips 
 to the same shrine, which is thus de- 
 scribed by Mr Millikin, the Blarney 
 Laureate — 
 
 ** There is a stone there, whoever kisses, 
 
 Oh ! he never misses to grow eloquent, 
 
 'Tis he may clamber to a lady’s chamber, 
 
 Or become a member of Parliament ! 
 
 A clever spouter he’ll sure turn out, or 
 An out and outer ‘ to be let alone,’ 
 
 Don’t hope to hinder him or bewilder him, 
 Sure he’s a pilgrim to the Blarney Stone." 
 
 Millikin’s song of the “ Groves of 
 Blarney” has been deemed worthy 
 of preservation by Father Prout in 
 four additional languages, and a con- 
 siderable doubt has been raised as to 
 the identity of its author. Sir Wal- 
 ter Scott incorrectly attributes it to 
 Dr Burrowes, the poetical Dean of ; 
 
BLA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 BLA 
 
 Cork. Mrs S. C. Hall has contri- 
 buted to celebrate the “ Groves of 
 
 ; Blarney;” and Captain Wood’s “ La- 
 mentfor Blarney Castle,” in the Prout 
 Papers, is exquisitely expressed in 
 the grotesque style : — 
 
 “ O Blarnej Castle, my darling, 
 
 You’re nothing at all but a stone, 
 
 And a small twist of ould ivy ! 
 
 Och ! wisha, ullaloo, ullagone ! " 
 
 “In unvarnished prose,” says Mr Win- 
 dele, “ the touch of the Blarney Stone 
 makes a liar of the first magnitude, 
 but a smooth and graceful liar. Its 
 eminent perfection is a sweet and per- 
 suasive tongue, in whispering the 
 softest words into the ears of women ; 
 full of guile, and blandishment, and 
 potential flattery, and uncontrollable 
 in its sway over the credulity. Miss 
 Plumptre translates Blarney into the 
 noT&rhodomontade , a faculty of speech 
 marvellously perceptible in the vici- 
 nage around, whose inhabitants, it is 
 said, have been mistaken for a colony 
 from Gascony. They are of a truth 
 a swaggering, vain- glorious, wheed- 
 ling population.” Some amusing par- 
 ticulars respecting the Blarney Stone 
 are recorded by Mr and Mrs S. C. 
 Hall, in their delightful work, enti- 
 tled, “ Ireland, its Scenery, Charac- 
 ter,” &c. “ The small village of 
 
 Blarney,” observe these distinguished 
 writers, “ was a few years ago re- 
 markably neat, clean, and thriving, 
 its prosperity having resulted from 
 the establishment of several linen and 
 cotton factories, the whole of which 
 have been swept away ; and the ham- 
 let is now, like the castle, an assem- 
 blage of ruins. In the vicinity, how- 
 ever, there are a woollen manufac- 
 tory and a paper-mill, both in full 
 operation. The scenery in the neigh- 
 bourhood is agreeable, and all the 
 grounds which immediately surround 
 the castle are of exceeding beauty. 
 Nature has done much more for them 
 than art, though there is evidence 
 that the hand of taste had busied it- 
 self in the duty of improvement. The 
 Sweet- Rock- Close is a small dell, in 
 which evergreens grow luxuriantly, 
 
 | completely shaded with magnificent 
 
 i 176 
 
 trees. At its termination are the 
 
 Witches * Stairs, a series of rugged 
 stone steps which lead down, through 
 a passage in the rock, to a delicious 
 spot of green sward, forming the bank 
 of a clear rivulet (the Comane), and 
 where some singular masses appear 
 to have been the work of the Druid 
 hands of old . — We wandered from 
 the shades of the Rock Close, across 
 the green and richly wooded pas- 
 tures which lead to the lake — a fine 
 expanse of water about a quarter of 
 a mile from the castle. The scenery 
 here is rather English than Irish, and 
 every step is hallowed by a legend. 
 It is implicitly believed that the last 
 Earl of Clancarty, who inhabited the 
 castle, committed the keeping of his 
 plate to the deepest waters, and that 
 it will never again be recovered until 
 a Mac Car thy be again lord of the cas- 
 tle. Enchanted cows, in midsummer 
 nights, dispute the pasture with the 
 present possessor, and many an earth- 
 ly bull has been worsted in the con- 
 test. As to fairies, their rings are 
 upon the grass from early summer to 
 the last week in harvest. 
 
 “ Blarney Castle is a stronghold erect- 
 edabout the middle of the 15th century, 
 by Cormac MacCarthy, surnamed Lai- 
 der, or the Strong , whose descendants, 
 Lords Muskerry and Clancarty, in- 
 herited a large portion of the influ- 
 ence and property of the MacCarthy 
 chiefs till 1689, when they were con- 
 fiscated, and the last Earl exiled for 
 his adherence to James II. The cas- 
 tle, village, fairs, customs, parks, and 
 lands, containing 1400 acres, were 
 purchased by Sir Richard Pyne, Lord 
 Chief Justice, for L.3000, in 1702; and 
 by him sold, in 1703, to General Sir 
 James Jefiereys, in whose family they 
 still remain.” This gentleman had 
 been governor of Cork, and obtained 
 the dignity of a knight banneret, on 
 one of the victorious battle-fields of 
 Charles XII. of Sweden, in whose 
 army he fought, and received from 
 that Monarch one of his relations in 
 marriage, with a title of Swedish no- 
 bility. In an apartment known as 
 
BLE OF IRELAND. BLU 
 
 the King of Sweden's room, in the old 
 mansion of Blarney, was long pre- 
 served a portrait of Charles XII., now 
 transferred to Ardrum. The Swe- 
 dish princess is buried in the old pa- 
 rish church of Garrycloyne, two 
 miles distant, dismantled by Sir James 
 Jeffereys, and rustic superstition at- 
 tributed his death, which soon after 
 happened, to this circumstance. Not 
 far from Blarney are the ruins of a 
 castle, erected by an English family 
 named Barrett. In the park between 
 the village and Blarney Castle, the 
 Comane meets the river Maurteen, 
 and a part of the former stream 
 is carried under the latter by means 
 of a tunnel. The lake lies at the foot 
 of Bawnafinny. Four fairs are held 
 in the village. The population of 
 the parishes of Garrycloyne and 
 Whitechurch, in 1834, was ascertained 
 to be 1754, of whom only 66 were 
 Protestants, the rest being Roman 
 Catholics. The parish church is a 
 plain edifice, and the Roman Catholic 
 chapel stands at the farther extre- 
 mity of the narrow and sequestered 
 valley through which the Avvmartin 
 meanders to the valley of Blarney. 
 Close to the chapel is a round tower , 
 erected by the Rev. Matthew Hogan, 
 parish priest of Blarney, exactly re- 
 sembling the ancient round towers of 
 Ireland. 
 
 BLASKET ISLES, also called 
 Ferriter's Islands , a number of islands 
 in the parish of Donquin, off the coast 
 of Kerry. These islands are tenant- 
 ed by myriads of sea fowl, which con- 
 gregate on their lonely and stupend- 
 ous frowning cliffs. The largest 
 island is the Great Blasket, three 
 miles in length ; and among the others 
 are Inistuiskau, Inisnabro, Inismaki- 
 laan, Beg-Inis, Tiraght, and the Foze 
 Rock. 
 
 BLENNERYILLE, a small sea- 
 port town in the parish of Annagh, 
 county of Kerry, situated on Tralee 
 Bay, about a mile below the town of 
 Tralee, to which it may be said to be 
 the port. A considerable corn trade 
 is carried on between this place and 
 177 
 
 Liverpool. Close to the town, on the 
 Listowel road, is the residence of Oak 
 Park, and on the opposite shores of 
 the bay are bathing quarters, and a 
 chalybeate spa. 
 
 BLESSINGTON, a parish, vicar- 
 age, and small town, in the Barony of 
 Lower Talbotstown, county of Wick- 
 low', and Archdiocese of Dublin. The 
 town, which is 14 miles from Dublin 
 by Tallaght, on the Liffey, chiefly 
 consists of one broad and regular 
 street, containing a good inn and 
 posting establishment. In this street 
 is the elegant parish church, sur- 
 mounted by a steeple, erected at the 
 sole expense of Archbishop Boyle. 
 Some frieze cloth is manufactured 
 here, and in the parish are granite 
 quarries. The towm is situated on 
 the estate of the Marquis of Down- 
 shire, close to which, in a park, are 
 the ruins of a mansion, formerly the 
 occasional residence of that Noble 
 Family. This seat was destroyed by 
 fire in 1798 during the Rebellion. 
 Within a mile of the town is the re- 
 sidence of Baltiboys ; beyond it is that 
 of Russelstown; and two miles distant 
 is Russborough, the splendid mansion 
 of the Earl of Milltown. Fairs are 
 held at Blessington in May, July, and 
 November. The town gave the title 
 of Viscount to a family named Boyle, 
 which became extinct in 1732 ; it next 
 gave that of Earl to a family named 
 Stewart, which became extinct in 1769, 
 and again to the Gardner family, also 
 extinct in 1829. The Countess of the 
 last Earl of Blessington is distinguish- 
 ed in the literary world. Population 
 of town, 494 ; of parish, 2677. 
 
 BLIND HARBOUR, on the coast 
 of Kerry, in the direction of Bing- 
 hamstown, terminates the bold and 
 rocky shores north by Erris-Head 
 from Tarmon Cara. On Eagle Island, 
 off this coast, is a Light-house. 
 
 BLOODY FARLAND, or Runar - 
 dallach Point, a cape in the parish of 
 Clahanely, on the coast of Donegal, 
 between the islands of Inisbofm and 
 Inishir. 
 
 BLUESTACK, a mountain in the 
 
BOL the GAZETTEER BOR 
 
 county of Donegal, 2213 feet in height, 
 rising between the inferior elevations ! 
 of Croghnagur on the east, and Silver- j 
 hill on the west, in the direction of the 
 town of Dungloe. 
 
 BOA ISLAND, an island of Lough 
 Erne, containing nearly 1400 statute 
 acres, and the largest of the pictur- 
 esque islands of that magnificent 
 lake. It is fertile, but destitute of 
 trees. 
 
 BODARRIG (LOUGH), an expan- 
 sion of the Shannon, the shores of 
 which are diversified by numerous 
 creeks and bays. 
 
 BODENSTOWN, or Bowdens- 
 town, a parish and vicarage annexed 
 to the parish of Sherlockstown, Ba- 
 rony of Naas, county and Diocese of 
 Kildare, on the river Liffey. Post- 
 town, Naas. 
 
 BOFFIN (LOUGH), an expansion 
 of the Shannon, in the neighbourhood 
 of Lough Bodarrig. 
 
 BOFIN (LOUGH), a lake in Gal- 
 way, on the road from Oughterard to 
 Clifden. 
 
 BOGRA MOUNTAINS, a dreary 
 range of mountains, part of which are 
 traversed by the road from Mallow 
 to Killamey, by the village of Mill- 
 street. 
 
 BOHILLANE, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Imokilly, 
 county of Cork, and annexed Diocese 
 of Cloyne. Post-town, Cloyne. 
 
 BOHOE, or Bohoge, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Glenawley and Magherabury, county 
 of Fermanagh, and Diocese of Clog- 
 her. Population in 1831, 2581. Post- 
 town, Enniskillen. 
 
 BOHOLA, or Bucholla, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Gallen, 
 county of Mayo, and annexed Diocese 
 ofAchonry. Population, 3658. Post- 
 town, Ballyvary. 
 
 BOLINALEA, a pleasant village 
 I in Rathnew parish, county of Wick- 
 | low. 
 
 BOLTON, a parochial curacy in 
 the Barony of Kilkea and Moone, 
 county of Kildare, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, united with the parishes of 
 178 
 
 Belau, Moone, Newtown, Limons- 
 town, Commonstown, Collin, Hughes- 
 town, and Colerake, constituting the 
 Union of Timolin. Post-town, Cas- 
 tle-Dermot. 
 
 BOLY, or Galvoly, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Eliogarty, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, in the Union of Two-Mile- 
 Borris. Post-town, Thurles. 
 
 BOND'S GLEN, a beautiful, fer- 
 tile, and productive valley in the pa- 
 rish of Templemore, county of Lon- 
 donderry. 
 
 BONLAHEY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Granard, county of Longford. 
 Fairs are held here in May, July, Oc- 
 tober, and December. 
 
 BONNET RIVER, a stream which 
 issues from Lough Glenade in the 
 county of Leitrim, and receives the 
 mountain rivulet known as the Owen- 
 more, a short distance below the small 
 town of Manor-Hamilton. 
 
 BONOHAN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Lower Or- 
 mond, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe, in the Union of Ag- 
 lishcloghane. It lies along the Little 
 Brosna river. The town of Birr, or 
 Parsonstown, is six miles distant. 
 
 BONO WEN, or Bunnown, a paro- 
 chial chapelry in the Barony of Kil- 
 kenny West, county of Westmeath, 
 and Diocese of Meath, situated on 
 Lough Ree. 
 
 BOOTERSTOWN, a parochial vil- 
 lage in the Half Barony of Rath- 
 down, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, situated on the Bay of Dub- 
 lin. The parish church is an elegant 
 edifice with a steeple and spire. Nu- 
 merous elegant villas and sea-bathing 
 quarters ornament this locality. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2875. 
 
 BORDWELL, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Upper Ossory, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of Os- 
 sory. Population in 1831, 869. Post- 
 town, Abbeyleix. 
 
 BORO-BRIDGE, a locality two 
 miles from Mount- Shannon, at the 
 entrance into the county of Clare, on 
 the streamlet called the Boro. 
 
 ' . t 
 
BOR OF IRELAND. BOY 
 
 BORRIS, or Two-Mile-Borris, a 
 parish, entire rectory, and small town, 
 in the Barony of Eliogarty, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 The town, which is 14 miles from 
 Carlow, and the same distance from 
 Ross, consists of a row of houses, 
 nearly a mile in length, ranged like a 
 regiment formed into line, but the 
 very personification of the awkward 
 squad. The houses are parallel to the 
 beautiful demesne of Borris, in which 
 is an elegant mansion in the modified 
 old English style, the park watered 
 by the Borris stream in its course to 
 join the Barrow. The town contains 
 the Roman Catholic chapel, the Na- 
 tional Schools, and several neat cot- 
 tages ; and a row of fine old oaks 
 throw their branches over a broad 
 and pleasant path, giving the place a 
 remarkably rural aspect. The sce- 
 nery in the neighbourhood is interest- 
 ing, and that of the distant mountains 
 is magnificent, but much of the sur- 
 rounding country is bleak and dreary. 
 Fairs are held at Borris on the 9th of 
 June, 6th of August, and 27th of No- 
 vember. Population of the parish in 
 1831, 3020. 
 
 BORRIS-IN-OSSORY, a village on 
 the road from Mountsath to Rosscrea, 
 at no great distance from the Nore, 
 here a very insignificant stream. 
 
 BORRIS-O-KANE, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Killaloe, a small town 
 eleven miles from Birr, or Parsons- 
 town, and five miles from Shinrone, 
 on the banks of a small stream which 
 enters Lough Derg, about three miles 
 northward. It is in a fertile and 
 populous district, but has little or no 
 trade, and is a most melancholy, ne- 
 glected, and desolate-looking place. 
 Fairs are held in April, June, Septem- 
 ber, and December. Population of 
 town in 1831, 1185. 
 
 BORRIS-O-LEIGH; a village about 
 six miles from the town of Temple- 
 more, beautifully situated at the base 
 of the fertile elevations which rejoice 
 in the ridiculous name of the Devil's - 
 179 
 
 Bit- Hills, Near it are the residences 
 of Fishmoine, Inch House, and Dovea. 
 Population in 1831, 1304. 
 
 BORROS, or Maryborough, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Maryborough, Queen’s Coun- 
 ty, and annexed Diocese of Leighlin. 
 See Maryborough. 
 
 BOURCHIN, or Bourney, aparish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Ikerrin, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe, annexed to the rectory and 
 vicarage of Burrisnafarney. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4061. Post-town, Ross- 
 crea. 
 
 BO VERAGH, aparish, rectory, and 
 village, in the Barony of Kennaught, 
 county of Londonderry, and Diocese 
 of Derry. A monastery was founded 
 here by St Columb, of w r hich Aidan, 
 the nephew of St Patrick, is said to 
 have been abbot. Population in 1831, 
 5552. Post-town, Dungiven. 
 
 BOYANAGH, a parish and rectory 
 in the Baronies of Ballymoe and Tya- 
 quin, county of Galway, and Diocese 
 of Tuam. Population in 1831, 4861. 
 Post-town, Dunmore. 
 
 BOYLAGH, a Barony of the coun- 
 ty of Donegal, containing three pa- 
 rishes, and twelve inhabited islands 
 on the coast. The great granite plain 
 of Boylagh stretches northerly to the 
 Gweedore river from the Gweebarra 
 river at Doocharry Bridge, four miles 
 from Finntown. This district is re- 
 markably dreary, the surface undu- 
 lating, and covered with dark peat 
 mo3s ; small lakes are in the hollow’s; 
 and round the numerous cabins are 
 attempts at cultivation, which in some 
 cases have been successful. See Ban- 
 nagh and Donegal. 
 
 BOYLE, a Barony of the county 
 of Roscommon, extending in its great- 
 est length 26 Irish or 33 English miles, 
 in a nearly north-east and south-west 
 direction, from the confines of Lough 
 AJlen to the borders of the county of 
 Mayo, near Lough Errit ; and its 
 greatest breadth nine Irish or 11£ 
 English miles. The Barony contains 
 152,723 English acres, or 94,283 Irish 
 acres, of which 65,137 are arable, 
 
BOY THE GAZETTEER BOY 
 
 25,548 are bog, and 3598 under water. 
 The district is divided into 13 pa- 
 rishes, and 343 townlands. The coal 
 mountains of Lough Allen, the Cur- 
 lew Mountains north and west of the 
 town of Boyle, the Hill of Fairy- 
 Mount, and that of Ballyfermoyle, are 
 supposed to be the highest elevations 
 in the Barony. The principal lakes 
 are Lough Key, Oakport Lough, 
 Lough Meelagh, and Lough Skeen. 
 According to Mr Weld in 1832 — “ No 
 other part of the county affords such 
 decisive indications of wealth and im- 
 provement ; and yet in none are more 
 lamentable pictures of destitution, ig- 
 norance, and poverty to be seen. In 
 none are lands of greater fertility, in 
 none of a much poorer quality. Ex. 
 amples might be adduced of the very 
 best and of the very worst roads ; and 
 while some parts of the surface rise 
 into lofty hills and mountains, others 
 are spread into dead flats, annually 
 inundated to a ruinous extent by 
 sluggish rivers.” Among the most 
 extensive landed proprietors are Vis- 
 count Lorton and Viscount Dillon. 
 To the former nobleman belong the 
 splendid demesne of Rockingham, the 
 adjacent estates, and the town of 
 Boyle. The Coote Hall estate com- 
 mences on the eastern side of Upper 
 Oakport Lough, and extends to Battle 
 Bridge on the Shannon, and to the 
 borders of Tumna parish. That part 
 of the Barony to the west and north- 
 west of the Coote Hall estate, extend- 
 ing from the Boyle river and Lough 
 Key towards Loughs Skeen and Mee- 
 lagh, consists of insulated hills, of va- 
 rious extent and elevation, having 
 bogs and moorish bottoms at their 
 base. In this quarter are numerous 
 villages and hamlets. The Plains of 
 Boyle , as a large tract of very uneven 
 land is ridiculously called, are esti- 
 mated to comprise from seven to 
 ten square miles, and are in reality 
 high limestone grounds abounding 
 with rich pastures for fattening horn- 
 ed cattle. These Plains are consider- 
 ed to commence at Ardcarne, about 
 1 three miles east of the town of Boyle, 
 180 
 
 and extending south to Eastersnow. 
 The south-western part of the Ba- 
 rony, stretching from French Park 
 to the verge of Mayo, contains some 
 of the extensive tracts of bog in Ros- 
 common, and in this quarter is the 
 splendid demesne of Lough Glyne, 
 the property of Viscount Dillon. 
 
 BOYLE, or Afflyn, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of its name, 
 county of Roscommon, and annexed 
 Diocese of Elphin. The town of 
 Boyle is situated on the river Boyle, 
 which carries the surplus waters of 
 Lough Gara to Lough Key, and at 
 the base of the Curlew Hills, near the 
 noble demesne of Rockingham. The 
 oldest part of the town stands on the 
 north side of the stream; the Irish 
 Town, extending from the bridge up- 
 wards nearly parallel to the river, 
 though not in its immediate vicinity. 
 Here are the venerable remains of an 
 old abbey, the steeple still entire, a 
 square tower of about 25 feet in the 
 interior. The river Boyle is crossed 
 by a low bridge of five arches, on the 
 upper side of which is a paltry statue 
 of William III. placed for protection 
 within an iron rage! Below the town, 
 between the Barrack and the Abbey, 
 is a bridge of only one arch thrown 
 over the stream. The Infantry Bar- 
 rack was formerly the residence of 
 the Noble Family of King, ancestors 
 of Lord Lorton. Many large old 
 trees ornament the environs of the 
 town. 
 
 Boyle is one of the principal towns 
 in the county. It has a Sessions-House, 
 schools, a parish church, a Roman 
 Catholic chapel, a Dissenting meet- 
 ing-house, some tolerably good inns, 
 a Dispensary, and a Loan Society. 
 Here are also a branch of the National 
 Bank of Ireland, and a Savings Bank; 
 and a weekly newspaper is published. 
 The town is not particularly well 
 built ; some parts of it are in reality 
 , wretched hovels ; and though the 
 town is the property of Lord Lorton, 
 there are long leases of certain por- 
 tions of it over which his Lordship 
 has no control. Mr Weld states that 
 
BOY 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 BOY 
 
 in the Irish Town of Boyle, tenements 
 were seen in 1830 of so vile a descrip- 
 tion, that it might have been well 
 doubted if human beings could 
 possibly occupy them — “ bent-in 
 roofs, seemingly ready to give way, 
 ragged and leaky thatch, crumbling 
 dark walls overgrown with lichens, 
 green w ithout and black within, from 
 the soot deposited by the volumes of 
 smoke, which before it can find an 
 exit at the door, rolls round the 
 hovel. — I must add, moreover, that it 
 was not to the Irish Town quarter that 
 cabins without chimneys were con- 
 fined. On the contrary, in back lanes 
 and yards off the old High Street, as 
 well as on the southern side of the 
 bridge, many a hovel was to be seen 
 in no better condition.” It is almost 
 superfluous to add, that Boyle swarms 
 i with beggars, arrayed in the most 
 ! original rags ever beheld by mortal 
 | eyes, and who are the most complete 
 j adepts in the art of importunity. 
 
 ■ The town has a considerable retail 
 trade, and a fair proportion of shops. 
 The mechanics are carpenters, tur- 
 ners, w'heel-wrights, masons, stone 
 cutters, smiths, tinmen, tailors, shoe- 
 makers, coopers, &c. The staple 
 articles of corn and butter find a 
 ready sale ; fish is brought from the 
 coast, and the lakes and rivers supply 
 trout of excellent quality. Boyle 
 was incorporated by James I., and 
 sent two members to the Irish Par- 
 liament. Population in 1831, 3433. 
 
 BOYNE, a celebrated river, immor- 
 talized by the important battle fought 
 on its banks on the 1st of July 1690, 
 between the English army under Wil- 
 liam III., and the Irish forces under 
 James II., rises near Carbery, in the 
 Barony of Carbery, county of Kildare, 
 and flowing west not far from Eden- 
 derry in the King’s County, it receives 
 the waters of that tract of the Bog of 
 Allen, extending north of the line of 
 the Grand Canal. In this quarter the 
 river, which is here very inconsider- 
 able, turns its course to the north- 
 east, in which direction it continues 
 •till it meets the Jll&ckwater descend- 
 181 
 
 ing by a south-east course from the 
 lake of Virginia on the confines of 
 Cavan. After leaving the Bog of 
 Allen, the Boyne is augmented by the 
 Yellow and Milltown Rivers, which 
 issue from the bogs extending from 
 Croghan Hill to Tyrrell’s Pass in the 
 county of Westmeath. It then enters 
 .the county of Meath, at Clonard, near 
 which it is crossed by the Grand Ca- 
 nal, and receives the Deel, a consider- 
 able stream from Mullingar flowing 
 parallel to the Yellow River. The 
 river now traverses the fertile plains 
 of Meath, augmented by numerous 
 tributary streams, and passes Trim, 
 where the scenery is most picturesque 
 and beautiful, the banks displaying the 
 venerable and impressive ruins of ab- 
 beys and castles ; and sweeping round 
 the base of the far-famed Tara Hill, it 
 meets the Blackwater already men- 
 tioned. The united rivers assume the 
 name of the Boyne, and are navigable 
 at a distance of at least 25 miles from 
 the sea. The course of the river is 
 easterly by Slane and Oldbridge, tra-* 
 versing the south part of the county i 
 of Louth to Drogheda, and thence to j 
 the Irish Channel, which the Boyne J 
 enters after a winding course of pro- 
 bably 60 English miles, and dividing 
 the county of Meath diagonally into 
 nearly two equal parts. The naviga- 
 tion of the river for nearly 20 miles 
 was long in the hands of the Boyne 
 Navigation Company, but their title 
 to levy dues was disputed, and it was 
 decided that the lower 13 miles, from 
 the Carrick-dexter Loch to Drogheda, 
 was legally vested in the Irish Board j 
 of Works, and possession was accord- | 
 ingly granted in 1834. The former ; 
 Company began their navigation in j 
 1770, and an extension of the line to J 
 Trim and Athboy was projected, but 1 
 never carried into execution. It is 
 said that the altitude of the Boyne at 
 the fountain-head is 225 feet above 
 sea level — that it drains a surface of 
 about 700 square miles — and that it 
 discharges about 3000 cubic feet of 
 water in ordinary times at Drogheda 
 Bridge. Its whole course abounds 
 Q 
 
BOY THE GAZETTEER BOY 
 
 with scenes of ecclesiastical and histo- 
 rical importance, and exhibits rich 
 landscape scenery. It gives the title 
 of Viscount in the Peerage of Ireland 
 to the Noble Family of Hamilton, so 
 created in 1717, descended from Sir 
 Frederick Hamilton, youngest son of 
 Claud, first Lord Paisley in the Peer- 
 age of Scotland. He was the father 
 of Major-General Hamilton, the first 
 Viscount, who was one of James II.’s 
 Privy Councillors, but he joined the 
 Revolution Party, and greatly dis- 
 tinguished himself at the battle of the 
 Boyne, the siege of Londonderry, and 
 the storming of Athlone. 
 
 The battle-field of the Boyne, which 
 annihilated the interest of James II. 
 in Ireland, is in the vicinity of Old- 
 bridge and hill of Donore, two miles 
 west of the town of Drogheda ; and an 
 obelisk of grand proportions, erected 
 in 1736, 150 feet in height by 20 feet at 
 the base, commemorates the decisive 
 engagement. This obelisk also marks 
 the spot where William III. was 
 wounded on the evening before the 
 battle. Although Oldbridge was only 
 a ford in 1690, it had been the site of 
 a bridge in very early times. The 
 other places at which the river is 
 fordable between Slane and Drogheda, 
 a distance of upwards of six miles, are 
 below the bridge of Slane and at Ros- 
 naree, a mile farther down, both of 
 them between Slane and Oldbridge 
 village. At that village the Boyne 
 sweeps round the west base of the 
 hill of Donore, and forms two small 
 islands; the banks rise gradually to- 
 wards Donore Hill and church on the 
 south side, and also along the pic- 
 turesque ravine called King William's 
 Glen, towards Mellifont Abbey on the 
 north. 
 
 King William found that the Irish 
 under James in person, and command- 
 ed by the Dukes of Berwick and 
 Tyrconnell, Generals Hamilton, Sars- 
 field, and Dorrington, and the Count 
 Lauzun, had retired beyond theBoyne, 
 and encamped on the river to the 
 number of 27,000, including French, 
 who were resolved to dispute the 
 182 
 
 passage of the fords at Oldbridge, 
 while Lord Iveagh occupied Drogheda 
 in behalf of James. William, accom- 
 panied by the Duke of Schomberg 
 and his son Count Schomberg, Gene- 
 rals Ginckel, Douglas, Kirk, and other 
 distinguished persons, also encamped 
 on the opposite side, between Droghe- 
 da and Mellifont, at the head of 36,000 
 men, on the 29th of June. On the 
 evening of the 30th, while yet unde- 
 cided as to the course he ought to 
 pursue, he was wounded, as already 
 mentioned, by a round shot, which 
 tore away part of his coat, and lacer- 
 ated his shoulder. This caused a 
 brisk cannonade to commence across 
 the river, but nothing decisive was 
 done till the morning of the 1st of 
 July, when it was resolved to force 
 the passage, and the battle fairly com- 
 menced. It would be out of place in 
 this work to give any account of this 
 important battle, and it is sufficient 
 to state, that the army of James was 
 completely defeated ; he fled to Dub- 
 lin, and thence to Waterford, where 
 he embarked for France ; and the Irish 
 camp, baggage, and artillery, fell into 
 the hands of the victors. 
 
 The loss on both sides, considering 
 the numbers of the contending armies, 
 was comparatively trifling, but on the 
 side of William the brave Duke of 
 Schomberg was killed, when in the 
 act of crossing at Oldbridge to support 
 two regiments of French Huguenots, 
 whose lines had been broken; and 
 Walker, the celebrated defender of 
 Londonderry, fell shortly afterwards. 
 James is said to have stood on Donore 
 Hill during the battle, an idle spec- 
 tator of the efforts of his followers be- 
 low. On the side of the Irish, Sir 
 Neil O'Neill fell at the head of his re- 
 giment at the first charge made by 
 General Douglas and Count Schom- 
 berg. As a writer in Fraser’s Ma- 
 gazine (June 1839) observes — “ after 
 the battle of the Boyne, the Protest- 
 ant ascendancy, content with its vic- 
 tory, did no more than repeat the 
 songs, and these are not many, cele- 
 brating the events of the Revolution. 
 
BRA OF IRELAND. BRA 
 
 The most famous of them is the July 
 the First, still the prime favourite of 
 the Orangemen ; but it is sad doggrel. 
 There is no mistake in it, however : 
 it is genuine English-Irish. The fol- 
 lowing verses are prime specimens of 
 the dialect : — 
 
 u A bullet from the Irish came, 
 
 Which grazed King William’s ar-rum (arm.) 
 They thought his Majesty was slain. 
 
 But it did him little har-rum 1 (harm.) 
 
 The Protestants of Drogheda 
 
 Have reason to be thankful, 
 
 Because they were not killed that day, 
 
 They being but a handful !** 
 
 In ancient times, about A. D. 838, 
 a fleet of Danes, under the command 
 of Turgesius, sailed up the Boyne to 
 the plunder of Meath. The river at 
 Clonard is very uninteresting, and 
 flows lazily amid sedge and rocks— 
 “ a strong position,” observes the 
 Rev. Caesar Otway, “ in time of war 
 — the Duke of Wellington knows it 
 well : he has often thrown his soldier- 
 eye over it; his paternal mansion, 
 Dangan, is not far off, to the right, 
 near Trim.” The battle of the Boyne 
 is annually commemorated in Ireland 
 as a political demonstration ; and vast 
 quantities of its water have been 
 drank in the shape of punch by the 
 more zealous and jovial of those in- 
 terested in this party display. 
 
 BOYSTOWN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Lower Talbots- 
 town, county of Wicklow, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin, about three miles 
 from Blessington. Population in 1831 , 
 3235. 
 
 BRACAEN BRIDGE, a shoal al- 
 ways under water, extending about a 
 quarter of a mile south-east from the 
 point next north of Slade Harbour. 
 
 BRACKLINTOWN, a small village 
 in the parish of Clonbern, county of 
 j Galway. Post-town, Elphin. 
 
 BRADILAW, an islet in Ballina- 
 kill Bay. 
 
 BRAID, a small stream which joins 
 the Maine Water about two miles be- 
 low the town of Ballymena. 
 
 BRAIDISLAND. See Broad- 
 island. 
 
 BRANDON BAY, a Bay on the 
 183 
 
 coast of Kerry, near Tralee Bay, in 
 the vicinity of which rises the lofty 
 mountain of Brandon, 3120 feet in 
 height. 
 
 BRANDON, a mountain in the 
 county of Kilkenny, 1696 feet in 
 height. 
 
 BRANNICKSTOWN. See Kil- 
 
 CULLEN. 
 
 BRAY, a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Rathdown, partly in the 
 counties of Wicklow and Dublin, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. The town 
 of Bray is on the coast, at the mouth 
 of the river Bray, which divides it 
 unequally, ten miles from Dublin, and 
 is a favourite resort and small water- 
 ing-place. The principal street is a 
 mile in length, and contains the parish 
 church, a large edifice, the elegant 
 Roman Catholic chapel, the Infantry 
 Barracks, and an excellent hotel and 
 posting establishment. At the mouth 
 of the river is a trout fishery. Frieze 
 and flannel are sold at the fairs held 
 in May and November, and a brewery 
 is carried on. Close to the town is 
 Kilruddery, the fine seat of the Earl 
 of Meath, in the Elizabethan style, 
 from designs by Morrison of Dublin, 
 and also the residences of Brayhead 
 and Old Court. There are several 
 schools. The scenery around this 
 town is interesting : the promontory 
 of Bray Head rises boldly from the 
 sea, and the conical Sugar-loaf Moun- 
 tains are conspicuous. Here are the 
 ruins of a castle. Population of the 
 town in 1831, 3433. 
 
 BRAY, a small river which enters 
 the sea at the town of Bray. It 
 issues from the d arrow and winding 
 glen called the Dargle, in the splendid 
 demesne of Powerscourt, in the man- 
 sion of which George IV. dined in 
 1821, on the day of his embarkation at 
 Kingstown. 
 
 BRAY (LOUGH), one of the small 
 Wicklow Lakes, the surplus waters of 
 which form the river Bray, is about 
 50 acres in circumference. It is a 
 little beyond the Glencree Barracks, 
 at the head of Glencree, nine miles 
 from Dublin. It lies embosomed 
 
BRI 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 among lofty mountains which over- 
 hang it precipitously, and its vicinity 
 is imperceptible to strangers till a 
 sudden turn of the road displays it in 
 all its wildness and solitary beauty. 
 When Sir Walter Scott caught the 
 first view of it, he exclaimed — “ This 
 is surely the lake of the Arabian Tale, 
 where the enchanted fish were, of the 
 situation of which it appeared so in- 
 credible to the Sultan and his Vizier 
 that they should be ignorant, it being 
 but a short distance from their capi- 
 tal.” A romantic cottage on its 
 banks is prominent, erected by the 
 Right lion. Philip C. Crampton, one 
 of the Justices of the Court of 
 Queen’s Bench, formerly Solicitor- 
 General for Ireland. 
 
 BREAGHWEE, also Breafy, and 
 Breaghure , a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Carra, county of Mayo, 
 and Diocese of Tuam, three miles 
 from Castlebar. Population in 1831, 
 2315. 
 
 BREE, a small village about four 
 miles from Enniscorthy, at the base 
 of the Hills of Bree, on the road from 
 that town to Taghmon. Near it are 
 the residences of Wilton and Clon- 
 more ; and the aspect of the country 
 is agreeable. 
 
 BREGOGUE, Bregown, or Bri- 
 gown, a parish and prebend in the 
 Barony of Condons and Clongibbons, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 
 four miles from Doneraile. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 9169. 
 
 BRICK, a small stream which 
 joins the Cashin, not far from the old 
 episcopal town, or rather decayed 
 village, of Ardfert. 
 
 BRICKENDOWN, a parish, rec 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Middlethird, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Population in 
 1831, 431. 
 
 B RICKEY, a tributary of the 
 Black water, which flows through a 
 fertile and pleasant valley near Cap- 
 poquin, in the county of Waterford. 
 
 BRIDE, a river which traverses a 
 pleasant valley in the county of Cork, 
 in its course to the river Lee, which 
 184 
 
 BRI 
 
 it joins a little below the village of 
 Ballincolly, five miles from Cork. 
 The luxuriant pasture adjoining the 
 junction is called Inniscarra , or the 
 Beloved Inch or Island , and a holy 
 man, named St Senan of Scattery, 
 founded a monastery here in the 
 sixth century, of which no vestige 
 now remains. The Hill of Garvagh 
 overlooks this pleasant spot. O’Neill 
 Earl of Tyrone encamped on Innis- 
 carra at the head of a large body of 
 Irish at the close of the Earl of Des- 
 mond’s rebellion, and a party of this 
 force killed the President St Leger in 
 a skirmish. The hamlet of the Ovens 
 is situated on the Bride about two 
 miles from Ballincolly, and fronting 
 each other at either side of the river 
 are the parish church and Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel. 
 
 BRIDE CHURCH, a small parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Clane, 
 county and Diocese of Kildare, about 
 two and a half miles from Naas. 
 
 BRIDESWELL, a hamlet about 
 four miles from Athlone on the road 
 to Tuam, which takes its name from 
 a holy well, once the great resort of 
 devotees. Over the door-way of the 
 building inclosing the well is an in- 
 scription, purporting that it was 
 erected in 1685 by the first Earl of 
 Antrim. 
 
 BRIDGETOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Fer- 
 moy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. An Abbey or Priory was 
 founded here in the reign of King 
 John. The once extensive and vene- 
 rable ruins have been considerably 
 injured by the carelessness of persons 
 whose duty it was to protect them. 
 This Abbey is situated in a secluded 
 valley traversed by the Awbeg and 
 the Blackvvater. See Castletown- 
 Roche. 
 
 BRIDGETOWN, a small village 
 eight miles from Wexford, in the 
 parish of Mulranken. 
 
 BRIGHT, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Licale, county of Down, 
 and Diocese of Down and Connor, 
 four miles from Downpatrick. The 
 
BRO 
 
 OP IRELAND. BRU 
 
 ruins of the castles of Bright and 
 j Screen are on the road between that 
 i place and Ardglass. Population in 
 1831,2030. 
 
 BRIN (LOUGH), a lake from which 
 ; the Blackwater river in Kerry issues. 
 
 BRINNY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of East 
 Carbery, Kinnalea, and Kinalmeaky, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, five 
 miles from Bandon. Population in 
 1831, 1949. 
 
 BRIT WAY, a parish annexed to 
 Ahern in the Baronies of Barrymore 
 and Kinnataloon, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne. Population in 
 1831, 1098. 
 
 BRO ADFORD, a small village nine 
 miles from Killaloe, in the parish of 
 Kilseily, county of Clare, on the road 
 to Ennis, near which is the residence 
 ofHurleston. Fairs are held in June 
 ! and November. 
 
 BROADHAYEN, a bay on the 
 I coast of Mayo, separated from Black- 
 sod Bay by the neck of land on which 
 is the town of Belmullet. 
 
 BROADISLAND, or Templeco- 
 ean, a parish in the county of Antrim, 
 
 I which was the first Presbyterian 
 parish after the “ Plantation” of 
 Ulster in the reign of James I. Con- 
 i nected with this parish is a curious 
 instance of longevity, which was thus 
 stated in 1833. Since the time of 
 James I. there have been only four 
 Presbyterian incumbents — Mr Ed- 
 ward Bryce, appointed in 1611, who 
 I died in 1636; Mr Cunningham, ap- 
 I pointed in 1645, died in 1697 ; Mr 
 Cobham, appointed in 1700, died 1759 ; 
 
 ' an d Mr Bankhead, appointed in 1763, 
 who is 94 years of age, and in perfect 
 | health and spirits. It was then stated 
 that “ there is only one inhabitant of 
 the parish who is not a Presbyterian.” 
 See Templecoran. 
 
 BROADWAY, a village about 
 eight miles from Wexford, in the 
 parish of St Hierin’s. Fairs are held 
 here on the Thursday after Trinity 
 Sunday, and on the 18th of October. 
 
 BROOKBOROUGH, a village two 
 miles from the village of Maguire’s 
 185 
 
 Bridge, on the road from Cavan to 
 Enniskillen, upwards of a mile beyond 
 which is the fine seat of Colebrook 
 (Brooke, Bart.) 
 
 BROSNA (LITTLE), a river which 
 separates Tipperary from the King’s 
 County, and enters the Shannon 
 about midway between Banagher and 
 Portumna. On its banks is the town 
 of Birr, or Parsonstown. 
 
 BROSNA (UPPER), a part of the 
 same stream, issuing from Lough 
 Ennel, and on its banks the town of 
 Kilbeggan. 
 
 BROSNA, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Trughe- 
 mackiny, county of Kerry, and an- 
 nexed Dioceses of Ardfert and Agha- J 
 doe. Population in 1831, 2168. 
 
 BROUGHSHANE, a village about 
 three miles from Ballymena, on the 
 road to Glenarm, on the Braid rivu- ' 
 let. Here is Tullamore Lodge, a 
 beautiful seat amid fine plantations, j 
 and in the vicinity are neat villas. 
 
 BROWNE’S- MILLS, a small vil- 
 lage in the parish of Ringcurran, 
 county of Cork. 
 
 BROWNESTOWN, or Bruris- 
 town, a parish and impropriate rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Upper Duleek, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. In 
 this district is a valuable copper mine. 
 Population in 1831, 487. 
 
 BRUFF, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Coshina, county and 
 Diocese of Limerick. The small 
 town of Bruff, twelves miles from 
 Limerick, is situated on the river 
 Morning Star, a tributary of the 
 Maigue. It contains a neat parish 
 church, and a Roman Catholic chapel. 
 Above the town is the residence of 
 Kilballyown, near the prominent hill 
 of Knockaney. Several fairs are held 
 during the year. Population of town 
 in 1831, 1772 ; of parish, 2932. 
 
 BRUIS, a parish and entire rectory 
 in the Barony of Clan william, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Emly. 
 Population in 1831, 1350. 
 
 BRUREE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Connello 
 and Small County, county and Dio- 
 
: BUN THE GAZETTEER BUR 
 
 cese of Limerick, on the river Maigue. 
 The village is not far from the de- 
 cayed town of Kilmalloek, and is 
 noted as the place where the Irish 
 Bards held their annual assemblages, 
 discontinued only in 1746. In the 
 neighbourhood are the residences of 
 Rockfield, Ballyteigue, Coolen, and 
 Hardingrove. Fairs are held in May, 
 June, September, and November. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 4364. 
 
 BRYANSFORD, a small hamlet 
 and inn in the neighbourhood of the 
 little town of Castlewellan. 
 
 BULLANE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Athenry, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Cionfert. Population in 1831, 551. 
 
 BULLOCK, a small fishing village 
 on the southern shore of Dublin Bay, 
 about seven miles from Dublin. 
 
 BUMBO A HALL, a small village, 
 having a neat Roman Catholic chapel, 
 in the parish of Ballynure, county of 
 Wicklow. 
 
 BUMLIN, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony and county of Roscom- 
 mon, and Diocese of Elphin, in the 
 vicinity of Strokestown. Population 
 in 1831, 4913. 
 
 BUNCRANA, a small town in the 
 parish of Lower Fahan, county of 
 Donegal, beautifully situated on 
 Lough Swilly. It is a favourite sea- 
 bathing resort, and possesses a Ses- 
 sions House, an elegant church, seve- 
 ral places of worship, and extensive 
 machinery for flour-mills. Close to 
 this agreeable little place is an excel- 
 lent roadstead for vessels. Fairs are 
 Leld in May and July. Adjoining is 
 Luncrana Castle, founded by the 
 O'Donnells, andrestored in 1717. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 10o9. 
 
 BUNDARRA, or Bunderough, a 
 village in the parish of Ballinakill, 
 county of Galway, at the head of Kil- 
 lery Harbour. This village is a fish- 
 ing station, having a commodious 
 pier erected at the joint expense of 
 the Fishery Board and the Marquis 
 of Sligo. On the opposite side of the 
 Killery, about two miles above the 
 confluence of the Bundarra stream, is 
 186 
 
 Delphi, the mountain lodge of the 
 Marquis of Sligo. 
 
 BUNDORAN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Ennismacsaint, county of 
 Donegal, situated on Donegal Bay, 
 three miles from Ballyshannon, and 
 a great resort for sea-bathing during j. 
 summer. Numbers of neat villas 
 are erected, and in the village is a 
 comfortable inn. West of Bundoran, 
 where the Drowes enters the Bay of 
 Donegal, is the hamlet of Bundrowes. ' 
 At Bundoran is a spacious natural j 
 arcn of secondary limestone on the I 
 shore, known as the Fairy Bridge. 
 
 BUNMAHON, a neat village, much 
 frequented during the summer sea- 
 son, on the coast of the county of 
 Waterford. Near it are extensive 
 copper mines in successful operation, ; 
 and also the residence of Bunmahon 
 Lodge. 
 
 BUNNAHONE, a small romantic 
 lake near that of Carrick, county of 
 Fermanagh, both of which are the 
 sources of the Sillies river, near the 
 village of Churclihill. 
 
 BUNNALLY, a Barony in the 
 county of Clare, almost inclosed by the 
 rivers Fergus, Shannon, and Onga- 
 nee. See Clare. 
 
 BUNRATTY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of its 
 name, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of Killaloe, on the Shannon. In this 
 parish is a splendid castle erected by 
 the Earls of Thomond in the 13th 
 century, now restored and inhabited. 
 Population in 1831, 1300. 
 
 BUNREE, a tributary stream of 
 the Moy, in the neighbourhood of 
 Ballina. 
 
 BUOLICK, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Slievardagh, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 Considerable quantities of coal are 
 obtained in the district. Population 
 in 1831. 2271. 
 
 BURFORD-B ANK, a sand-bank at 
 the entrance of Dublin Bay, so 
 named from the Burford man-of-war 
 wrecked on it. In 1829 the Ballast 
 Board placed a buoy on the north 
 end, chequered black and white, in 
 
BUR OF IRELAND. BUS 
 
 four fathoms and a half low water ; 
 and a buoy on the south end, che- 
 quered red and black, in three fathoms 
 and a half low water. 
 
 BURGAGE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Lower Talbotstown, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, on the Liffey. Population 
 in 1831, 412. Post-town, Blessington. 
 
 BURGESS, or Bungcssbeg, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Owney and Arra, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Killaloe, 
 united to the parishes of Castletown- 
 arra and Yanghalarra. Population in 
 1831, 3570. Post-town, Nenagh. 
 
 BURNCHURCH, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Baronies of Galmony 
 and Shillilogher, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory, belonging to 
 the Union of Dunsert. The village 
 is about six miles from Kilkenny, and 
 fairs are held on the 25th of July and 
 18th of October. Population in 1831, 
 1450. 
 
 BURRIN, a stream which runs 
 through the town of Carlow to the 
 Barrow. 
 
 BURRIN, a Barony in the county 
 of Clare, comprising eleven parishes, 
 and stretching along the southern 
 coast of the Bay of Galway. It is al- 
 together mountainous, and immense 
 numbers of sheep are pastured. The 
 mountains rise to a considerable ele- 
 vation, and their higher parts are 
 completely destitute of herbage. This 
 district was long almost inaccessible 
 on account of the miserable roads, 
 but it is now traversed by good roads 
 from Ennis to New- Quay, a village 
 and harbour near the village of Bur- 
 rin, the pier erected by the Fishery 
 Board. From New-Quay the road 
 leads to Ballyvaughan, at which a 
 new quay is erected, and is likely to 
 become a thriving place in the centre 
 of this wild and desolate district ; and 
 from this village the road is carried 
 along the shore to Liscannor Bay, 
 passing Doolin and the Cliffs of Mo- 
 her. Ad improved hilly road ex- 
 tends from Ballyvaughan to Kilfenora. 
 
 BURRIN, a post-village situated on 
 18 * 
 
 the eastern end of the Barony of its 
 name, at a short distance from the 
 village and harbour of New-Quay, 
 twelve miles from the town of Gort. 
 The Burrin oyster banks are in great 
 local repute. 
 
 BURRISCIIARRA, a parish, rec- ; 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of j 
 Carra, county of Mayo, and Diocese j 
 of Tuam, extending along Lough Car- j 
 ragh. There are several neat resi- 
 dences ; and here are some remains I 
 of the monastery of Carmelites, or , 
 White Friars, which Pope John XXII. I 
 assigned to Eremites of the Augus- ! 
 tine Order. Population in 1831, 1535. 
 
 BURRISHOOLE, a Barony in the 
 county of Mayo, stretching along the 
 coast, and comprising five parishes. 
 
 It is a wild and mountainous district. 
 See Mayo. 
 
 BURRISHOOLE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of its 
 name on Clew Bay, county of Mayo, 
 and Diocese of Tuam. It has some 
 vestiges of a monastery founded about 
 1486 for Dominican Friars. Popula- 
 tion, 11,761. Post-town, New'port- 
 Mayo. 
 
 BURRIS-IN-OSSORY. See Bcr- 
 Ris-iN-Ossottr. 
 
 BURRISNEFARNEY, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Ikerrin, county of Tipperary, Barony 
 of Clonlisk, King’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe. It is bounded on 
 the south-east by the Devil’s Bit 
 range of mountains. Population in 
 1831, 269. 
 
 BURRIS-O-KEANE. See Borris- 
 o-Kane. 
 
 BURRY, a parochial chapelry in 
 the Barony of Upper Kells, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, belonging to 
 the Union of Kells. Population in 
 1831,1027. Post-town, Kells. 
 
 BURT, Bert, or Birt, a parochial 
 chapelry in the parish of Templemore, 
 county of Donegal. 
 
 BUSH, a small village on the road 
 from Dublin to Navan. 
 
 BUSH, a river which winds along 
 the Antrim Hills, and enters the ocean 
 at the Giant’s Causeway. 
 
but the gazetteer but 
 
 BUSHMILLS, an improving and 
 thriving village in the parish of Billy, 
 county of Antrim, a mile and a half 
 from the Giant’s Causeway, on the 
 river Bush, a little above its debouch 
 into the sea. Here is an excellent 
 hotel for the convenience of visitors 
 to the Causeway, and the town con- 
 tains a large distillery, paper and flour 
 mills, and a small manufactory of 
 spades and shovels. It has also a 
 Court-House, a parish church, and 
 several Dissenting meeting-houses. 
 Bushmills is greatly indebted to the 
 public-spirited exertions of Sir F. TV. 
 M’Naghten, Bart., whose seat adjoins 
 the town. Several neat villas are in 
 the neighbourhood on the coast, which 
 is a sea-bathing resort. Fairs are held 
 on the 28th of March, 28th of June, 
 24th of August, 21st of October, and 
 12th of December. 
 
 BUTLER’S BRIDGE, a village 
 three miles from Cavan, on the road 
 to Enniskillen, on the Annalee river, 
 one of the principal tributaries of the 
 Erne, which it joins a few miles be- 
 low the village. 
 
 BUTTERSTOTVN, or Kilronan, 
 a parish and prebend in the Barony of 
 Middlethird, county and Diocese of 
 Waterford, three miles from the city 
 of Waterford. Population in 1831, 432. 
 
 BUTTER WATER, a stream which 
 issues from the Few Hills in the coun- 
 ty of Armagh, and neighbourhood of 
 Newtown-Hamilton. The Butter 
 Water and the White Water join the 
 Callan Water, a short distance w r est 
 of the city of Armagh, in its course 
 to the Blaekwater at Moy. 
 
 BUTTE V ANT, a parish and town 
 in the united Baronies of Orrery and 
 Kilmar, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, situated on the Awbeg. 
 The town or village is on the high- 
 road from Cork to Limerick, about 
 three miles below the post-town of 
 Doneraile. It was once a place of 
 considerable importance, and the ab- 
 bey, castle, and ruined walls, still re- 
 mind the visitor of former prosperous 
 times. The ancient castle, built by 
 Sir David de Barry in Edward I.’ s time, 
 188 
 
 the property of St Leger Family, Vis- 
 counts Doneraile, has been repaired, 
 and is now inhabited ; it stands on the 
 Awbeg river, amid extensive and beau- 
 tiful pleasure-grounds. The square 
 tower of Cullin, built by the Earl of 
 Desmond, is near the abbey. Here 
 are large and commodious Infantry 
 Barracks, but the town is a poor de- 
 serted place, only enlivened by its mi- 
 litary occupants, and by fairs held on 
 the 27th of March and the 14th of Oc- 
 tober. The Castle of Kilcoleman, in 
 which Spencer wrote the greater part 
 of the Fairy Queen, is two miles 
 from Butte vant ; and about a mile dis- 
 tant, on the road to Mallow, is the 
 romantic and truly picturesque rocky 
 glen of Ballybeg, with its old abbey in 
 ruins, and the foundation of an ancient 
 round tower. “ Buttevant,” accord- 
 ing to the spirited sketch by Mr and 
 Mrs S. C. Hall, “ described by Bor- 
 lace as ‘ an old nest of abbots, priests 
 and friars,’ though formerly a place ot 
 note, dwindled into a mere village 
 with the decay of its noble Abbey. 
 The name is said to have been derived 
 from the war-cry — Bontez-en-Avant, 
 used by David de Barry, one of the 
 early English invaders, in his battles 
 with the Irish. His tomb is still to 
 be seen. Buttevant was anciently 
 called Botham , and by the Irish — a 
 name which Spencer has recorded — 
 Kilnemulla. It was surrounded by 
 a stone-wall, with gateways, and was 
 governed by a Corporation ; and, scat- 
 tered among wretched hovels, may be 
 detected many traces of its former 
 consequence. Buttevant Abbey must 
 have been a pile of considerable mag- 
 nitude and grandeur. Close to the 
 entrance is a large heap of skulls and 
 bones, said to be the relics of those 
 who fell at the battle of Knockninoss 
 in 1647, between the army of the Par- 
 liament, commanded by Lord Inchi- 
 quin, and the Irish forces under Lord 
 Taaffe. In this encounter was slain 
 the famous Sir Alexander M’Donnell 
 of Colquitto, whose soubriquet has 
 been embalmed in the verse of Milton, 
 [and also in the Scotisli wars of the 
 
CAH 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 CAH 
 
 great Marquis of Montrose]. — Butte- 
 vant and its neighbourhood, its hills, 
 its valleys, and its rivers, are rendered 
 classic by the pen of the immortal 
 Poet, for Spencer not only resided at 
 Kilcoleman, the ruined walls of which 
 
 still remain, as depicted by Mr Crof- 
 ton Croker, but here he composed his 
 Fairy Queen, and made the surround- 
 ing objects the themes of his undying 
 song.” Population of town in 1831, 
 1536 ; of parish, 5535. 
 
 c. 
 
 CAB1NTEELY, a small village six 
 miles from Dublin, on the road to 
 Arklow by Ashford and Rathdrum. 
 
 In the vicinity are Cabinteely House 
 and the villa of Brenanstown. 
 
 CABLE ISLAND, an island off 
 the coast of Cork, in the Barony of 
 Imokilly, opposite the rocky head- 
 land of Ring Point, at the entrance 
 to Yougliall Harbour. 
 
 CAD AMSTOWN, aparish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Carbery, coun- 
 I ty and Diocese of Kildare, containing 
 the villages of Ballina and Johnstown. 
 Population in 1831, 1205. 
 
 CADAMSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Letterluna, King’s County, 
 on the road from Birr to Clonaslie. 
 
 CAH A LAKES, a collection of 
 small lakes, many of which are mere 
 pools, north of Glengarriff, in the 
 neighbourhood of Bantry Bay. These 
 pools, alleged to be as numerous as 
 the days of the year, are scattered 
 throughout the hollows of the moun- 
 tains of Caha. 
 
 CAHIR, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Iveragh, 
 comity of Kerry, and annexed Dio- 
 ceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe, extend- 
 ing along Yalentia Harbour. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 5653. See Cahirci- 
 veen. 
 
 CAHIR, an island off the coast of 
 Mayo, situated between Clare Island 
 and Inistirk. 
 
 CAHIR, a parish, impropriate rec- 
 tory and vicarage, and town, in the 
 Barony of Iffa and Offa, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Lismore, 
 extending along the river Suir. The 
 | 189 t 
 
 town of Cahir is about nine miles 
 from Cashel, and 22 miles from Fer- 
 moy, on the road from Limerick to 
 Waterford, and contains the elegant 
 parish church; a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, also a neat edifice ; a Sessions- 
 House, jail, several schools, one of 
 which is on Erasmus Smith’s founda- 
 tion, all occupying prominent sites ; 
 a Dispensary and Fever Hospital ; and 
 one mile from the town are Barracks 
 for a regiment of cavalry, which are 
 generally occupied. The corn trade 
 carried on is considerable ; the linen 
 trade and straw plaiting have been 
 introduced; and much business is 
 transacted at the weekly markets, 
 and at the fairs held in May, July, 
 September, and December. This is in 
 fact a pleasant, lively, agreeable town# 
 enjoying a considerable thoroughfare, 
 and in a delightful, fertile, and pic- 
 turesque distiict. The road from 
 Cashel to Cahir is finely varied by 
 scenery, and on each side are several 
 pleasant residences, old castles in 
 ruins, and an abundant complement 
 of wretched huts and cabins. The 
 inn, situated on the banks of the Suir, 
 is commodious and well kept. Se- 
 veral pleasant excursions may be 
 made from Cahir to the Glen of 
 Aharlo, the Caves of Mitchelstown, 
 the fertile mountain range of the Gal- 
 tees, cultivated far up their sides, and 
 other interesting objects. Cahir is 
 greatly indebted for its extension and 
 improvements to Richard eleventh 
 Lord Cahir, the head of a branch of 
 the Noble Family of Butler, elevated 
 to the dignity of Earl of Glengall in 
 
CAH THE GAZETTEER CAH 
 
 1816, and succeeded by his son, the 
 second Earl of Glengall in the Peer- 
 age of Ireland, in 1819. His Lord- 
 ship’s seat of Cahir Castle, a large old 
 residence, covered with ivy, and in ex- 
 cellent preservation, is boldly situated 
 near the town, on an island in the Suir, 
 connected by a bridge with both sides 
 of the river. The splendid park, orna- 
 mented by thriving plantations and 
 lofty trees, extends a considerable dis- 
 tance on each side of the river. This 
 castle and an old abbey are said to 
 have been erected before 1142, by 
 Conor, King of Thomond and Mo- 
 narch of Ireland. It was taken dur- 
 ing Queen Elizabeth’s reign by Sir 
 George Carey, and was subsequently 
 besieged by Oliver Cromwell. A 
 Priory was founded at Cahir during 
 the reign of King J ohn, by Geoffrey 
 de Camville, the ruins of which still 
 remain. Thomas Butler, of Cahir, 
 was created Baron Cahir in 1543. 
 Population in 1831, 3408; of parish, 
 8462. 
 
 CAHIRAGH, or Caharah, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Carbery, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 on the river Ben. Population in 1831, 
 6999. Post-town, Bantry. 
 
 CAHIRCIYEEN, a small town in 
 the parish of Cahir, county of Kerry, 
 on the south side of the Valentia 
 river, and opposite Ballycarbery Cas- 
 tle, not far from the small stream 
 called the Cahir. This improving 
 place, which is altogether modern, is 
 40 miles from Killarney by Killorglin, 
 and contains a bridewell, a good inn, 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, saltworks, 
 and corn stores. An asylum harbour 
 has been constructed by the Fishery 
 Board. In the vicinity are the ruin- 
 ed walls of the humble birth-place of 
 the renowned Daniel O’Connell, M.P., 
 near the neat cottage of Hillsgrove, 
 occupied in 1840 by his agent, on the 
 banks of the Cahir stream. The 
 house in which Mr O’Connell was 
 born is called Cashen, and was the 
 residence of his father, the chief pro- 
 : prietor of the surrounding district, 
 
 for Cahirciveen is in O'Connell’s 
 190 
 
 Country. It is prettily situated, but 
 is now roofless, and only used for the 
 occasional shelter of cattle. The now 
 unglazed window of the room in 
 which he was born is pointed out. 
 “ Cahirciveen,” says the author of 
 The Sportsman in Ireland, “ is a 
 pretty town for Ireland, and the ap- 
 pearance of comfort which pervades 
 it at once evinced the power of re- 
 sident proprietorship. In 1815 the 
 entire village consisted of 15 houses, 
 and those of a mean order. Now [in 
 1840] will be found two streets, some 
 handsome shops and buildings, a good 
 inn, vessels of 100 tons at the quay, 
 and between 1500 and 2000 inhabit- 
 ants—Its situation is singularly beau- 
 tiful, being sheltered by the Island of 
 Valentia, and having a navigable river 
 of two miles. It is protected from 
 the great northern storms by the 
 range of mountains composing the 
 district Iveragh, and affords a site 
 particularly adapted to embrace the 
 commerce (such as it is) of the whole 
 southern coast of Ireland. Here is a 
 comfortable inn, kept by no less a 
 person than John O’Connell, Esq. y 
 one of the many cousins of the re- 
 nowned Member ; although I say kept 
 by him, I must have it distinctly un- 
 derstood that he interferes not in 
 that, or any other portion of the busi- 
 ness which is carried on under his 
 name. He is at once a wine and 
 whisky merchant, store-house keeper, 
 and general dealer. His house, which 
 he has himself erected at consider- 
 able expense, furnishes rather the 
 hospitable mansion of the friend, than 
 the venal accommodation of the inn- 
 keeper. Here the traveller will find, 
 what is not common in Ireland, ex- 
 cellent beds, and a snugly furnished 
 room.” The mansion of Charles 
 O’Connell, Esq., formerly member 
 for Kerry, and son-in-law of Mr O’Con- 
 nell, is near Cahirciveen, and in the 
 vicinity is a mill built and carried on 
 by another relation of the “ Member 
 for all Ireland,” as he often wittily de- 
 signates himself. Darrynane Abbey 
 is a few miles distant, and about six 
 
CAH OF IRELAND. CAL 
 
 miles from Lake Waterville. This is 
 a most mountainous district, includ- 
 ing the whole deserts of Iveragh. 
 “ The country round Cahirciveen,” 
 says Mr Inglis, “ is extremely wild, 
 very partially reclaimed, and the con- 
 dition of the people far from being 
 comfortable. I visited several cabins, 
 and found the inmates paying exor- 
 bitant rents. Land is not let here by 
 the acre, but by the quantity fit to 
 support a cow. I found one man 
 owning land for six cows, paying at 
 the rate of 50s. per cow, and at that 
 time the price of butter was such, 
 that not more than 40s. could be got 
 for the produce of each cow. Others 
 were paying in precisely the same pro- 
 portion.” It appears that almost all the 
 property of Mr O’Connell in this quar- 
 ter is held under head landlords. Mr 
 Inglis states that the “ Liberator” 
 himself is only an extensive middle- 
 man, and even Darrynane Abbey, 
 with the large tract around, is rented 
 by him from the Earl of Cork. Po- 
 pulation of Cahirciveen in 1831, 1192. 
 
 CAHIRCONLISH, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Clan william, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly. The village of Cahirconlish, 
 about seven miles from Limerick on 
 the road to Waterford, is situated on 
 a rivulet which enters the Shannon at 
 that city. Fairs are held in May, 
 August, October, and December. Po- 
 pulation of parish in 1831, 3964. 
 
 CAHIRCORNEY, a parish and 
 vicarage, annexed to the vicarage of 
 Kilkellane, in the Barony of Small 
 County, county of Limerick, and Dio- 
 cese of Emly, on the Comogue. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 880. Post-town, 
 Bruff. 
 
 CAHIRDUGGAN, a parish and 
 perpetual curacy in the Barony of 
 Fermoy, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, near the Multa river. It 
 contains the hamlet called the Two 
 Pothouses. Population in 1831, 1801. 
 Post-town, Doneraile. 
 
 CAHIRELLY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Clan william, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 191 
 
 Emly. Fairs are held in the village 
 of its name in May, August, and No- 
 vember. Population in 1831, 1346. 
 Post-town, Six-mile-Bridge. 
 
 CAHIRFARNA, a mountain in the 
 county of Cork, 2234 feet above the 
 level of the sea, according to the Ord- 
 nance Survey. 
 
 CAHIRLAG, a parish and prebend 
 in the Barony of Barrymore, county 
 and Diocese of Cork, also called Glan- 
 mine. In the hamlet of Glentown is 
 an endowed school. Population in 
 1831, 1840. See Barrymore. 
 
 CAHIRNARY, a parish and rec- 
 tory, partly in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, but chiefly in the county of 
 the city of Limerick, which division 
 of it is called St Mary’s. See Lime- 
 rick. 
 
 CAHIRULTAN, a parish and pre- 
 bend in the Barony of Imokilly, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 
 parochially connected with Castle- 
 Martyr. 
 
 CAHIRVALLY, a parish and rec- 
 tory, partly in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, but chiefly in the county of 
 the city of Limerick. See Limerick. 
 
 CAlRNE-CASTLE,or Carne, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the upper half of 
 the Barony of Glenarm, county of An- 
 trim, and Diocese of Down and Con- 
 nor, extending along the coast. The 
 ruins of an ancient castle give the 
 name to the parish, perched on a 
 rock almost insulated at high water, 
 and a curious mansion erected in 1625 
 is on the shore. The village of 
 Castle-Cairn is on the Irish Sea, and 
 in the parish is also the village of Old- 
 mills. Population in 1831, 1967. Post- 
 town, Larne. 
 
 CAIRNE-LOUGH, a village in the 
 parish of Ardclinis, county of Antrim, 
 situated on the coast, on the road 
 from Glenarm to Ballycastle, upwards 
 of three miles from the former place. 
 
 CALABBAR-BRIDGE, a bridge 
 on the road from the Glenveagh cross 
 roads to Clady Bridge, from which a 
 new road proceeds by Dunlewy to the 
 sea. 
 
 CAL ARY, a parochial district form- 
 
ing a perpetual curacy in the Baronies 
 of Ballinacor, Half-Rathdown, and 
 Newcastle, county of Wicklow. It 
 comprises a dreary tract of poor ele- 
 vated land, extending southward from 
 the great Sugar-loaf Mountain. 
 
 CALEDON, a town in the parish 
 of Aughaloo, county of Tyrone, 69 
 miles from Dublin by Monaghan, a 
 little south of which the Ulster Canal 
 passes, about a mile from the village 
 of Tynan. It is a pretty little town, 
 presenting a remarkable contrast to 
 its condition before 1816, when it was 
 a poor village. Many of the houses 
 are built in the old English style, and 
 it has a handsome parish church, a 
 Roman Catholic chapel, and a Me- 
 thodist meeting-house. Here are ex- 
 tensive and commodious flour-mills. 
 Caledon gives the title of Earl in the 
 Peerage of Ireland to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Alexander, the elder branch 
 of whom was ennobled in the person 
 of Sir William Alexander of Menstrie, 
 secretary to Charles I., by the title of 
 Earl of Stirling in the Peerage of 
 Scotland. His Lordship’s seat, Cale- 
 don Hill, adjoins the town, and is a 
 beautiful residence. Population of 
 the town in 1831, 1079. 
 
 CALLABEG, or Kilnasear, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Eliogarty, county of Tipper- 
 ary, and Diocese of Cashel, annexed 
 to Loghmore. Post town. Temple- 
 more. 
 
 CALLAGHAN’S MILLS, a village 
 in the parish of Kilseily, county of 
 Clare, on the Ougarnee stream, be- 
 tween Loughs Breedy and Cloonlea, 
 three miles from Broadford on the 
 road to Ennis. It is situated in a 
 bleak limestone district. Fairs are 
 held in May, June, and November. 
 
 CALL AN, a stream which rises in 
 the parish of Mullabrach, county of 
 Armagh, and, after a course south- 
 west to north-east of upwards of seven- 
 teen miles, falls into the Blackwater 
 at Charlemont or Moy. It is in the 
 vicinity of Armagh and Keady, and is 
 crossed by the aqueduct of the Ulster 
 Canal at Darby’s Bridge. Among 
 192 
 
 other streams it receives the Butter 
 Water and the White Water. It is 
 said that a king of Ireland named 
 Nial was drowned in this stream. 
 
 CALLAN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kells, coun- 
 ty of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory. 
 The town of its name, situated on the 
 small stream called the King’s River, 
 eight miles from Kilkenny, and 17 
 miles from Clonmel, was formerly a 
 place of some importance, and has 
 been greatly improved by the guar- 
 dians of Viscount Clifden, the pro- 
 prietor. For a long period this town 
 was in a melancholy state. u I had 
 heard, even in England,” says Mr 
 Inglis, “ of the wretched condition of 
 a town in the county of Kilkenny 
 called Callan, and, finding this town 
 was only eight miles from Kilkenny, 
 
 I devoted a day to it. I never travel- 
 led through a more pleasing and 
 smiling country than that which lies 
 between Kilkenny and Callan, and I 
 never entered a town reflecting so 
 much disgrace upon the owner of it 
 as this. In so execrable a condition 
 are the streets, that the mail coach, in 
 passing through, is allowed twelve 
 minutes extra — an indulgence which 
 can surprise no one who drives, or 
 rather attempts to drive, through the 
 street, for no one who has the use of 
 his limbs would consent to be driven. 
 And yet, will it be credited, that atoll 1 
 is levied, on the entrance into the 
 town, of every article of consumption, 
 and that not one shilling of the money 
 so received is laid out for the benefit 
 of the town? The potatoes, coal, 
 butter-milk, with which the poor 
 wretches who inhabit this place sup- 
 ply their necessities, are subject to a 
 toll, which used to produce L.250 per 
 annum, but which having been resist- 
 ed by some prying and spirited per- 
 son, who questioned the right of toll, 
 the receipts have been since consider- 
 ably diminished. — The cabins were 
 mere holes, with nothing within them 
 (I speak of two which‘ I entered) ex- 
 cepting a little straw, and one or two 
 broken stools. All the outskirts of 
 
CAM 
 
 CAL OF IRELAND. 
 
 the town are in a similar condition — 
 ranges of hovels without a ray of 
 comfort or a trace of civilization 
 about them, and people either in a 
 state of actual starvation, or barely 
 keeping body and soul together. All 
 this I saw, and cannot be deceived.” 
 It is only justice to Lord Ciifden, 
 however, to state, that his Lordship 
 is merely what is called a proprietor' 
 in fee , and has here little or no con- 
 trol over his estate, but that the im- 
 provements of Callan are in progress 
 as far as the existing leases under his 
 Lordship will admit. The parish 
 church and the adjacent remains 
 formed part of an Augustinian abbey ; 
 the ruins of the Friary are on the 
 banks of the King’s River. This 
 Friary, founded by the Earl of Des- 
 mond in the fifteenth ceutury, three 
 old castles, and the town walls, were 
 all destroyed by Oliver Cromwell. 
 Near the Friary ruins are the elegant 
 modern Augustinian chapel and mo- 
 nastery, and the other Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel occupies a prominent situ- 
 ation at the upper end of the town. 
 Callan received a charter of incorpo- 
 ration in the thirteenth century, to be 
 governed by a sovereign and his de- 
 puty, and returned a member to the 
 Irish Parliament, who of course was 
 the mere nominee of the propiuetor. 
 By the Municipal Bill the Corpora- 
 tion is styled the Sovereign, Bur- 
 gesses, and Freemen of Callan. In 
 the town are several schools, one 
 of which is for boys on the plan of 
 Joseph Lancaster, and another for 
 teaching girls straw-plaiting and lace- 
 making. Fairs are held on the 10th 
 of July and 21st of August. In the 
 vicinity of Callan are the residences of 
 Westcourt and Harley Park; three 
 miles from it is the fine seat of Desart, 
 Earl of Desart, and round the base of 
 the hills are the plantations of that 
 nobleman and of Viscount Ciifden. 
 Population of the town in 1831, 6111. 
 
 CALLOW HILL, or Cally Hill, 
 a parochial chapelry in the Barony of 
 Knockninny, county of Fermanagh, 
 and Diocese of Kilmore. Fairs are 
 193 
 
 held in March, August, and December. 
 Post-town, Ballyconnell. 
 
 CALRAGHSTOWN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Newcastle, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 about 14 miles from that city. 
 
 CALRY, or Colree, a parish and 
 vicarage in the upper half of the 
 Barony of Carbery, county of Sligo, 
 and Diocese of Elphin. Population 
 in 1831, 3311. See Sligo. 
 
 CALTRAGH, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Ahascragh, county of Galway, 
 about two miles from Castle-Bla- 
 heney. Fairs are held here in May, 
 July, September, and December. 
 
 CALVERSTOWN, a village in the j 
 parish of Kilcullen, county of Kildare, 
 at which fairs are held in May and 
 September. 
 
 CALVES, islands so called off the 
 coast of Cork, in Roaring-Water Bay. : 
 
 CAMBDEN FORT, a fort which 
 defends the entrance of the Cove of ! 
 Cork on the east, opposite Carlisle 
 Fort on the west. 
 
 CAMLAGHT, or Camlogh, a pa- ; 
 rish and perpetual curacy in the Ba- 
 rony of Orior, county and Archdio- 
 cese of Armagh. Post-town, Newry. 
 
 CAMLIN, a tributary of the Shan- | 
 non, which, with the Keenagh, at their j 
 junction with that river, form the I 
 island of Cloondragh, crossed by two j 
 bridges connected with a causeway, 
 leading from the county of Longford 
 into that of Roscommon. 
 
 CAMLIN, a tributary stream of j 
 Lough Neagh, which rises at the base , 
 of the Devis Mountain in Antrim, a | 
 few miles east of the neat little town 1 
 of Crumlin. It is noted for its fancied , 
 petrifying qualities. This stream im- [ 
 pelled the first flour- mill erected in I 
 this part of the country by Mr Hey- 1 
 wood in 1765, and on its banks are 
 most extensive mills for grinding 
 flour and oatmeal. 
 
 CAMLIN, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Massareene, county of 
 Antrim, and Diocese of Down and 
 Connor, united to the vicarages of 
 Glenary and Tullyrusk. Population 
 in 1831, 1274. Post-town, Glenary. 
 
 R 
 
CAN THE GAZETTEER CAN 
 
 CAMMA, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Athlone, county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 containing the village of Pullaher. 
 Population in 1831, 4115. Post-town, 
 Athlone. 
 
 CAMMAGH BRIDGE, a bridge 
 which crosses the Inny, on the road 
 from Athboy to Granard, on the bor- 
 der of the county of Longford. 
 
 C AMMIN, a stream which receives 
 several runlets from the sides of the 
 Mountain Mullaghcarn, about four 
 miles east of Omagh, the county town 
 of Tyrone, and all form the com- 
 mencement of the Strule river. 
 
 CAMMOGUE, a stream about seven 
 miles from Limerick, one of the prin- 
 cipal feeders of the Maigue. It runs 
 close to the curious old town of Kil- 
 mallock. 
 
 CAMOLIN, a post-village about 
 six miles from the town of Gorey. 
 
 CAMUS-JUXTA-BAUN, or Ma- 
 cosquey, a parish and rectory in Half 
 Barony of Coleraine, county of Lon- 
 donderry, and Diocese of Derry, situ- 
 ated on the river Bann. The parish 
 church occupies the site of an ancient 
 abbey, of which St Congal is alleged 
 to have been the superior, about A.D. 
 550. Population in 1831, 5802. 
 
 CAMUS-JUXTA-MOURNE, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Strabane, county of Tyrone, 
 and Diocese of Derry, on the river 
 Mourne, containing a part of the town 
 of Strabane. Population in 1831, 6570. 
 See Strabane. 
 
 CANAL (Grand), commences at 
 Dublin, near the mouth of the Liffey, 
 and crossing the Shannon near Ba- 
 nagher, terminates at Ballinasloe, a 
 distance of 74 Irish miles, or 87 Eng- 
 lish miles. The following are the 
 stages and the distances from Porto- 
 bello Station, Dublin, in Irish miles : 
 — Hazelhatch, 8§; Sallins, 6£ miles 
 from Hazelhatch (15 miles) ; Roberts- 
 town,5£ miles from Sallins (20A miles) ; 
 Ticknevin, 5f miles from Robertstown 
 (26A miles) ; Edenderry Branch, 3f 
 miles from Ticknevin (30 miles) ; Bal- 
 lybrittain, 2 miles from Edenderry 
 194 
 
 branch (32 miles); Philipstown, 6£ 
 miles from Ballybrittain (38f miles) ; 
 Tullamore, at which cars go off to all 
 parts of the country, 6£ miles from 
 Philipstown (45 miles) ; Corrinalor, 
 6 miles from Tullamore (51 miles) ; 
 Gillen, at which is a car to Birr, or 
 Parsonstown, 6f miles from Corrina- 
 lor (57f miles) ; Shannon Harbour, 4f 
 miles from Gillen (62£ miles) ; Kyle- 
 more, 5f miles from Shannon Harbour 
 (685 miles) ; and Ballinasloe, at which 
 are cars to Loughrea, Galway, and 
 Tuam, 5f miles from Kylemore (74 
 miles from Dublin). This Canal tra- 
 verses the counties of Dublin, Kildare, 
 Queen’s County, and part of Galway, 
 is 40 feet in surface breadth, and 6 
 feet in depth, and has 39 single and 5 
 double locks. It was projected in 
 1756, and has several branches, the 
 principal of which is to Athy; the 
 others are to Kilbeggan, Mountmel- 
 lick, Portarlington, &c. At Shannon 
 Harbour, where the Canal ends, a 
 small steamer meets the passage-boat, 
 and proceeds down the Shannon to 
 Portumna Bridge, where it meets a 
 larger steamer, which navigates Lough 
 Derg. On the arrival of the steamer 
 at Killaloe, passengers are conveyed 
 by cars to Limerick, or they may wait 
 for the Canal boat which starts on the 
 following morning. The navigation 
 from Killaloe to Limerick is partly 
 river and canal, and is 15 miles in 
 length. This conveyance occupies 
 two days between Dublin and Lime- 
 rick, and embraces the splendid sce- 
 nery of Lough Derg. The Grand 
 Canal, with all its branches, extends 
 164 miles. 
 
 CANAL (Barrow), with river 
 navigation, extends 78 miles. 
 
 CANAL (Lower Boyne), with river 
 navigation, is 19 miles. 
 
 CANAL (Lagan), with river navi- 
 gation, is 28£ miles. It extends from 
 the tideway at Belfast into Lough 
 Neagh. It was projected in 1729. 
 
 CANAL (Newry), is carried 
 through the counties of Down and 
 Armagh, and extends 16£ miles. It 
 is 30 feet wide in surface, and five feet 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 CAP 
 
 CAN 
 
 in depth. This is the oldest canal in 
 Ireland, and was projected in 1709. 
 The navigation commences from the 
 tideway at Fathom, miles from 
 Newry, having a sea-lock at each end, 
 and is 17 feet wide. From Newry this 
 Canal continues for twelve miles to the 
 navigable river Bann, and after a 
 course of nine miles from this point 
 runs into the capacious Lough Neagh, 
 which also communicates with Bel- 
 fast by the Lagan navigation, with the 
 Tyrone coaleries by the Blackwater, 
 and with the town of Antrim by the 
 river Antrim. On the Newry Canal 
 are 13 locks. 
 
 CANAL (Royal), projectedin 1789, 
 commences at Dublin, and after tra- 
 versing the counties of Dublin, Meatb, 
 Westmeath, and Longford, terminates 
 in the Shannon at Tarmonbarry. It 
 is 83 miles in length, but with its 
 branches 99 miles; 44 feet wide, six 
 feet in depth, and has 42 locks. The 
 first stage is Clonsilla, six miles from 
 Broadstone Station at Dublin, and it 
 passes the stages at Rye Aqueduct, at 
 Leixlip, Maynooth, Kilcock, Ferns, 
 Newcastle, Moyvally, Boyne Aque- 
 duct, Hill of Down, Thomastown, 
 Down’s Bridge, Mullingar, from which 
 is a car to Edgeworthstown, Coolna- 
 hay, Balnacarig, Abbeyshruel, Toome 
 Bridge, from which is a car to Glas- 
 son and Athlone, Ballymahon, Ter- 
 licken, Kenagh Junction, from which 
 is a car to Lanesborough, Roscom- 
 mon, and Castlerea, and Longford, 
 from which are cars to Newton-For- 
 bes, Ruskey, Dromod, Drumsna, Car- 
 rick-on-Shannon, and Boyle. 
 
 CANAL (Slaney), with the river 
 navigation, extends 16 miles. 
 
 CANAL (Tyrone), with the river 
 navigation, is Ilf miles. It has eight 
 locks. This navigation commences 
 at Coal Island, and extends three 
 miles to the Blackwater, thence into 
 Lough Neagh. This canal was pro- 
 jected in 1758. 
 
 CANAL (Ulster), is carried 
 through the counties of Armagh, 
 Monaghan, and Fermanagh, and is 64 
 miles in length. It unites Loughs 
 195 
 
 Neagh and Erne, commencing near 
 Charlemont on the Blackwater, and 
 terminating in Lough Erne. The 
 Ulster Canal was projectedin 1832. 
 
 CANICE (St), a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the county of the 
 city of Kilkenny, Diocese of Ossory, 
 and separated from Kilkenny town by 
 the Bregali stream. In this parish 
 are the cathedral of the Diocese of 
 Ossory, and the Episcopal palace. See 
 Kilkenny. 
 
 CANNAWAY, or Canaboy, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Muskerry, county and Diocese of 
 Cork, on the Lee river. Population 
 in 1831, 1518. Post-town, Macroora. 
 
 CANON-BROOK, a village about 
 ten miles from Leixlip, in the parish 
 of Lucan, county of Dublin, so called 
 from its situation on a romantic rivu- 
 let, and from its being the property 
 of the Minor Canons of St Patrick’s 
 Cathedral, Dublin. In the vicinity 
 is the beautiful mansion, long occu- 
 pied by the eminent architect, James 
 Gandon,Esq., R.H.A. 
 
 CANON ISLAND, an island at the 
 confluence of the Fergus with the 
 Shannon. 
 
 CAPE CLEAR, or Clare Island, 
 in Irish Innis- Clereh, an island off the 
 coast of Cork, connected with the 
 east division of the Barony of Car- 
 bery. It is the most southern part 
 of the Irish coast, and is prominent 
 in the geographical calculations of 
 the length and breadth of Ireland. 
 
 It is three miles in length by one 
 mile and a half in breadth, and con- 
 sists of poor land, a considerable pro- 
 portion of which is elevated and 
 rocky. There is neither turf nor 
 fuel, is miserably cultivated, and is 
 probably one of the most forbidding 
 islands on the coast of Ireland. The 
 inhabitants, who are upwards of 1000 
 in number, are in a truly original \ 
 state, and carry on the warfare of life 
 by fishing, and the cultivation, such 
 as it is, of their little spots of ground, ! 
 the w omen contriving to manufacture | 
 some coarse frieze for clothing. Their 
 precarious sources of existence are 
 
CAP 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 farther eked out by pilotage and traf- 
 fic with outward-bound vessels ; but 
 the smuggling propensities of this 
 half-wild population are considerably 
 checked by the surveillance of coast 
 guards and revenue officers, who, we 
 are told, “ neither allow them to 
 traffic with homeward-bound vessels, 
 as in the days of their forefathers, 
 nor to hold intercourse with contra- 
 band traders from the coasts of 
 France and Holland, nor to manufac- 
 ture their own whisky.” The few 
 cows on the island are remarkably 
 diminutive, and the sheep are on a 
 corresponding scale ; every thing, 
 even the very furze, is stunted, and 
 the vegetation is checked by the tre- 
 mendous gales and the saline asper- 
 sions of the Atlantic. The inhabit- 
 ants, however, are attached to this 
 melancholy spot, which they consider 
 the “ first gem of the sea !” 
 
 On the island is a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, having a resident incumbent, 
 and certainly this worthy man must 
 be the most extraordinary of mortals 
 if he is content with his lot. On one 
 of the little townlands is the hamlet 
 of Ballycahir. A pier was erected on 
 the north side of the island by the 
 fishery Board. Cape Clear is a sig- 
 nal station, and has a Light-house, the 
 beacon of which is revolving, of a 
 bright colour. On the north-west 
 point, approached by a dangerous 
 pathway, about a yard in breadth, 
 and washed on each side by the ocean, 
 are the ruins of O’DricoFs Castle, on 
 a rock called the Golden Fort, which 
 was taken by Captain Harvey in 1801 ; 
 and east of it is St Kieran’s Strand, 
 where is a pillar stone believed to 
 have been erected by that saint, and 
 visited by pilgrims on the 5th of 
 March. In the vicinity are the re- 
 mains of St Kieran’s church. 
 
 CAPPA, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Connello 
 Lower, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. Here are the tall ruins of the 
 ancient castle of Cappa. The dis- 
 trict is flat, poor, and uninteresting. 
 Post-town, Rathkeale. 
 
 195 
 
 CAP | 
 
 CAPPAGH, a parish, rectory and 1 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Omagh 
 and Strabane, county of Tyrone, and 
 Diocese of Derry, on the river Chruel. 
 Population in 1831, 13,589. Post- 
 town, Omagh. 
 
 CAPPAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Puddle- 
 brien, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. See Limerick. 
 
 CAPPAGH-HILL, a hill in the 
 Barony of Carbery, county of Cork, 
 on the estate of Lord Audley, on 
 which copper mines have been open- 
 ed and rented by the W est Cork Mining 
 Company, who also work some slate 
 quarries in the vicinity, of excellent 
 quality, the slates sent to the English 
 markets. The mines and quarries in 
 operation are on the verge of a small 
 creek called Audley’s Cove, from 
 which they are easily shipped in ves- 
 sels of considerable tonnage. 
 
 CAPPAGH- WHITE, a village in 
 the parish of Castletown, county of j 
 Tipperary, near which are some hun- I 
 dred acres containing copper ore, ; 
 rented by the Mining Company of j 
 Ireland. Fairs are held in June, i 
 July, September, November, and De- ! 
 cember. 
 
 CAPPANACOSS, the chief of a 
 group of islands in the river Ken- 
 mare, about three miles from Ken- > 
 mare. 
 
 CAPPA VARNA, a village in the 
 parish of Kiltartan, county of Gal- 
 way. 
 
 CAPPOG, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Ardee, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 near the post-town of Dunleer. Po- | 
 pulation in 1831, 542. 
 
 CAPPOQJJIN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Coshmore, < 
 county of Waterford, and Diocese of 
 Lismore, lying on the Blackwater, 1 
 here a tide-river, and navigable for 
 barges from Youghal to near Lismore. 
 The town is of considerable size, and 
 is most beautifully situated on the 
 river, nine miles from Dungarvan, its 
 rising grounds blending with the 
 lofty range of Knockmeldown. This 
 
CAR OF IRELAND. CAR 
 
 town was in ancient times a great 
 thoroughfare, and a bridge was erect- 
 ed at it at a very early date. Its cas- 
 tle was garrisoned, during the civil 
 war, by Captain Hugh Croker, for 
 the Earl of Cork. In 1642 a party of 
 rebels was defeated by Lord Broghill 
 near it ; and in 1645 it was taken after 
 an obstinate resistance by Lord Cas- 
 tlehaven. In the vicinity of the town 
 is a commodious Infantry Barrack. 
 Cappoquin House (Keane, Bart.) is 
 finely situated on an elevated bank, 
 and in the centre of the extensive 
 moor is the Trappist monastery, close 
 to the mountain road from Cappoquin 
 to Clogheen. “I devoted a day,” 
 says Mr Inglis, “ to the establishment 
 of the Trappists, situated about six 
 miles from Lismore. The road lies 
 through the little town of Cappoquin, 
 and as far as that place runs along the 
 Blackwater, disclosing at every bend 
 new and striking beauties. Cappoquin, 
 prettily situated, just at the turn of 
 the river, is rather a clean little vil- 
 lage, consisting of one street, which at 
 the upper end degenerates into a 
 suburb of cabins. Beyond this the 
 road climbs up the side of a deep 
 wooded dell, and gradually rises till 
 it leaves cultivation behind, and enters 
 upon the moor and bog land which 
 stretches over all the neighbouring 
 mountains. On this upland slope is 
 situated the Trappist establishment, 
 which has a singular effect seen at a 
 distance, apart from all other build- 
 ings, itself of immense magnitude, and 
 seemingly placed in a desert.” Fairs 
 are held in March, May, July, Septem- 
 ber, and October. Population of 
 town in 1831, 1319; of parish, 2289. 
 
 CARAGH. See Carogh. 
 
 CARBERY, the largest Barony in 
 the county of Cork, said to be 50 miles 
 in length, and comprising an area of 
 300,000 acres. It is divided into four 
 portions, and contains 46 parishes, in 
 several of which are some consider- 
 able towns, and numerous villages and 
 hamlets. The eastern part of the 
 district is arable and fertile, but the 
 western part is rough, rocky, and 
 197 
 
 mountainous. This latter part is 
 similar in many respects to the Barony 
 of Bere and Bantry. Its southern 
 boundary is the ocean, and it is appro- 
 priately observed, that “ here nature 
 has been prodigal in the production 
 of marine wonders.” The peninsula 
 in the western verge of D unman us 
 Bay, the upper part of which merges 
 into the Barony of Bantry, and sepa- 
 rates it from the parallel Bay of Bantry, 
 resembles Bere, being hilly and rocky, 
 with tracts of bog, a good deal of pas- 
 turage, and a considerable portion of 
 arable land for the support of the 
 population. In this quarter are se- 
 veral small lakes, and indications of 
 copper ore. Towards Bantry Bay the 
 land improves in value. The entire 
 west portion of the Barony of Car- 
 bery consists of headlands and islands, 
 slaty hills, heath, furze, pasturage, 
 patches of tillage, occasionally a small 
 lake, and spots of sylvan beauty. 
 Roaring-Water Bay abounds with nu- 
 merous rocky islands, at the head of 
 which is the estate of Whitehall, from 
 which the view is magnificent, the 
 Mizen Head forming the extreme 
 point of land on the south. Baltimore 
 Bay, with its multitude of islands, dis- 
 plays some splendid scenery, the har- 
 bour terminating at Skibbereen, and 
 the island of Inisherkin, inhabited by 
 industrious peasants, near the thriv- 
 ing town of Baltimore. Outside of 
 this harbour is Cape Clear Island, pe- 
 culiarly sterile and unproductive, con- 
 taining a few lakes, one of which in the 
 south-west quarter is of considerable 
 extent. “ The Carbery peasant,” says 
 a writer, “plants his potatoes in beds, 
 and with a sleight jerks the seed from 
 a little apron or plaskeen tied round 
 his waist into the fissures, which he 
 makes about a foot apart. With his 
 sharp narrow spade, as he moves 
 backwards he covers the sets, as is 
 general throughout the kingdom with 
 the same class of people, from the 
 undug or unploughed rib which he 
 left between the ridges. This he 
 digs to the utmost depth, and invert- 
 ing it, lays it over the surface of the 
 
■ ■ ' : ; — ! ^ - ' I 
 
 CAR THE GAZETTEER CAR 
 
 bed, chopping the sods or clods as he 
 proceeds in his work, the manure 
 being previously laid over the ridge. 
 In very rough or moory places, a pe- 
 culiar hoe, called in the native lan- 
 I guage a graffone, as more powerful 
 ! than a spade, is used to prepare the 
 ! surface, and it is surprising with what 
 l dexterity it is wielded. Apple-potatoes 
 ' were once great favourites with the 
 husbandmen of this part of the 
 j county, hut cuts and lumpers now 
 | seem to have superseded them.” — The 
 | rents all through this Barony are, 
 j considering its general quality and 
 ! remoteness from any great town, very 
 high. The peasantry are of the 
 poorest and most wretched class, fre- 
 quently without shoes and stockings, 
 j and working at rates of labour sadly 
 disproportioned to their services. In 
 East Carbery the principal town is 
 Clonaliilty, on the estate of the Earl 
 of Shannon, having a small harbour; 
 Glandore is a thriving village, and 
 Ross-Carbery is a poor decayed town, 
 of great antiquity, on the estate of 
 Lord Carbery. The Barony gives 
 the title of Baron in the Peerage of 
 Ireland to the Family of Evans, so 
 created in 1715. The demesne of 
 Castle-Freke, the seat of Lord Car- 
 bery, is in the united Baronies of 
 Ibawne and Barryroe. 
 
 CARBERY, a Barony in the county 
 of Kildare, containing eleven parishes, 
 chiefly occupied by the Bog of Allen. 
 
 CARBERY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of its name, 
 county and Diocese of Kildare. The 
 village is situated on the verge of the 
 Bog of Allen, and fairs are held in 
 May and October. Population in 
 1831, 1476. Post-town, Edenderry. 
 
 CARBERY, an extensive Barony 
 divided into Upper and Lower, in the 
 county of Sligo, containing seven pa- 
 rishes, several villages, and Sligo the 
 county tow r n. Much of the surface is 
 flat and fertile, but the district is 
 generally mountainous. Great agri- 
 cultural improvements have been ef- 
 fected in this Barony, especially on 
 the extensive estate of Lord Viscount 
 198 
 
 Palmerston, many thousands of acres 
 of which have been rendered avail- 
 able. 
 
 CARBERY ISLAND, an island in 
 Dunmanus Bay, off the coast of the j 
 Barony of Carbery, western division, 1 
 county of Cork. 
 
 CARDANGAN, or Cordangan, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Clanwilliam, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Emly, in the Union of Lat- J 
 tice. Population in 1831, 2345. Post- 
 town, Tipperary. 
 
 CARDIFFSTOWN, or Kerdiffs- 
 town, a parish and vicarage annexed 
 with Johnstown, in the Barony of 
 Naas, county and Diocese of Kildare. 
 
 CARENTEEL, or Carinteel, a 
 parish and rectory, annexed to the 
 parish of Aughaloo, in the Barony of 
 Dungannon, county of Tyrone, and 
 Archdiocese of Armagh. The village 
 of Carinteel is situated on the Black- 
 water. Fairs are held in May, August, 
 September, and November. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 7088. Post-town, Augh- 
 nacloy. 
 
 CARGAN. See Carrigin. 
 
 CARGY, or Kergy, an island off 
 the coast of the Barony of Balrud- 
 dery or Balrotliery, belonging to the 
 county of Dublin, in the Irish Sea. 
 
 CARLINGFORD LOUGH, a beau- 
 tiful sea-bay between the counties of 
 Down and Louth, at the head of which 
 is the town of Newry, and connected 
 wdth Lough Neagh by the Newry 
 Canal. The Bay of Carlingford is 
 about eight miles in length from War- 
 ren’s Point to the Light-house, and 
 one mile and a half in breadth, and is 
 one of the most important inlets on 
 the eastern coast of Ireland. It is 
 bounded on the north by the Mourne 
 Mountains in the county of Down, 
 and on the south by the hilly part of 
 Louth, forming the bold headland of 
 Carlingford, 1935 feet in height, be- 
 longing to the range known as the Car- 
 lingford Mountains, along which are 
 good roads. The high headland of Car- 
 lingford terminates the range which 
 runs easterly from Slievegullion. The 
 Bay is of considerable depth in some 
 
CAR OF IRELAND. CAR 
 
 parts, and contains immense beds of 
 oysters, which are sent to Dublin and 
 other places, and are in great repute. 
 The Carlingford Mountains were the 
 fastnesses of the noted Redmond 
 O’Hanlon, a far-famed Rapparee gen- 
 tleman, who played the part of Rob 
 Roy in Ireland about the beginning of 
 the eighteenth century, and was as 
 ingeuious a collector of black rent as 
 his Scotish contemporary, whom he 
 resembled much in disposition. 
 
 CARLINGFORD, a parish, vicar- 
 age, and sea-port town, in the Barony 
 of Lower Dundalk, county of Louth, 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh. The 
 towm of Carlingford, 11£ miles from 
 Dundalk, is situated on the southern 
 ! 6hore of the bay of its name, about 
 midway between Warren’s Point and 
 Ballagan Point, and is inhabited chief- 
 ly by fishermen. In the town are the 
 parish church, a Roman Catholic cha- 
 pel, a Dissenting meeting-house, and 
 several schools. Some corn and other 
 provisions are exported to Dublin, 
 and the neighbourhood of the town is 
 fertile and well cultivated. The prin- 
 cipal avocation is the oyster -fishery. 
 
 1 The ruins of the massive castle erect- 
 ed by order of King John in 1210, 
 perched on a rock, are still seen, the 
 walls eleven feet thick; and in 1305 a 
 monastery was founded by Richard 
 de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, for Domini- 
 | cans, some parts of the walls of which 
 still remain. A number of historical 
 notices is preserved of Carlingford. 
 In 1689 some of the Duke of Ber- 
 wick’s soldiers set fire to the town, 
 soon after which the sick troops of 
 the Duke of Schomberg’s army were 
 i removed thither. The celebrated 
 Thurot passed the year 1750 in this 
 i place, and here acquired his know- 
 | ledge of the English language. The 
 town formerly sent two members to 
 the Irish Parliament. It is on the 
 property of the Marquis of Anglesea, 
 and gives the title of Viscount to the 
 Noble Family of Carpenter, Earls of 
 Tyrconnel. In the vicinity are seve- 
 ral villas, among which are Nootka 
 Lodge, Grange, Monksland, Willville, 
 199 
 
 Castleview, Bailey, and O’ Meath. At 
 Cooley and Ballagan Points, four 
 miles distant, are Coast Guard Sta- 
 tions, and at Greenore Point, opposite 
 Green Castle, is a Light-house. Po- 
 pulation of the town in 1831, 1319 ; of 
 the parish, 12,185. 
 
 CARLISLE FORT, a fort opposite 
 Cambden Fort, at the entrance of the 
 Cove of Cork. 
 
 CARLOW, an inland county of the 
 Province of Leinster, and the smallest, 
 excepting Louth, in Ireland, is bound- 
 ed on the east and south-east by the 
 counties of Wicklow and Wexford, 
 on the south-west and west by the 
 county of Kilkenny, and on the north- 
 west and north by the Queen’s County 
 and the county of Kildare. The 
 greatest length is stated to be 29 Eng- 
 lish miles from north to south, the 
 breadth 20J miles from east to west, 
 having an area of 346 square miles, or 
 211,440 statute acres; but another 
 authority gives it 219,863 acres. The 
 Barrow river is the boundary between 
 the county and Kilkenny. It is divided 
 into six Baronies, viz. Rath v illy and 
 Carlow on the north, the chief town 
 in the latter of which is Carlow ; in 
 the former, Tullow and Hachestown; 
 Forth, the chief town Clonegal ; 
 Idrone East, in which are Leighlin 
 Bridge, Bagnalstown, and Borris ; 
 Idrone West, containing the hamlet 
 of Old Leighlin — these three Baro- 
 nies forming the centre of the county ; 
 and the Barony ot St Mullins on the 
 south. The principal rivers are the 
 Barrow already mentioned, which 
 waters the west of the county, tra- 
 versing it from north to south, and 
 the Slaney, which passes in a parallel 
 direction through the eastern part. 
 
 The county of Carlow is with pro- 
 priety considered as part of the gi eat 
 central plain of Ireland, running south 
 to a point between the Wicklow and 
 Wexford Mountains, and the elevated 
 grounds designated the Ridge of 
 Leinster on the west. The greater 
 proportion of the surface is composed 
 of a flat calcarious soil, but on the 
 south-east are the mountain ranges 
 
CAR THE GAZETTEER CAR 
 
 now noticed, of which the highest are 
 Mount Leinster and the Black Stairs 
 range. This county is remarkably 
 fertile, and is altogether agricultural, 
 its manufacture of coarse linens hav- 
 ing disappeared, and neither linen nor 
 cotton-spinning is carried on to any ex- 
 tent. The system of farming is gene- 
 rally improved : the crops raised in 
 rotation are potatoes, wheat, barley, 
 
 ; and oats, with grass-seed and clover 
 for meadow and grazing; in many 
 i parts turnips and other green crops 
 ire cultivated, and the practice of 
 i ploughing in the second crop of 
 j clover is prevalent. The great staple 
 | commodities of the county are corn, 
 
 ' dour, oatmeal, and butter, the exports 
 of the last of which are some thou- 
 sands of firkins annually; the corn- 
 mills on the banks of the Barrow 
 are among the largest and most ex- 
 tensive in Ireland, and it is calculated 
 that upwards of 200,000 barrels of 
 1 wheat, producing 350,000 cwts. of 
 flour, and 100,000 barrels of oats, pro- 
 ducing 100,000 cwts. of oatmeal, are 
 annually manufactured at these’ mills, 
 which are greatly facilitated by the 
 introduction of machinery. Immense 
 quantities of barley are in demand 
 for the maltsters and distillers. The 
 value of the landed produce of the 
 county was in 1836 estimated at 
 L. 1,038,000. The provision trade con- 
 sists chiefly of bacon for home con- 
 sumption. The county, in a word, 
 may be said to be rich, the farmers 
 generally comfortable, and most of 
 the proprietors are resident. The 
 roads are in good repair, and are 
 kept by county presentments. The 
 great south road from Dublin to 
 Kilkenny passes through the county, 
 nearly parallel to the Barrow, which 
 it crosses atLeighlin Bridge, and this 
 was long the only road which had 
 turnpikes. The railway projected 
 from Dublin to Kilkenny and Carlow 
 passes near this line of road. The 
 Barrow Navigation has been long 
 the principal medium of export, af- 
 fording a water carriage south to 
 Waterford, and north by the branch 
 200 
 
 of the Grand Canal at Athy to Dublin 
 and the Shannon. 
 
 The mineral productions are of the 
 most useful kind. Coal, limestone, 
 and iron ore, are found in abundance ; 
 and the mountains contain granite. 
 The coal is chiefly found in the 
 Castlecomer district near Old Leigh- 
 lin. As it respects the condition of 
 the peasantry, poverty is neither so 
 glaring nor so frightful as in some 
 other counties ; nevertheless there is 
 a considerable amount of suffering 
 and privation among the labouring 
 classes from June to August annually, 
 and during the winter months. Po- 
 litical and religious dissensions also 
 have their unhappy sway in this 
 county. 
 
 Carlow was constituted a county 
 by King John in 1216, and the ex- 
 penses are defrayed by annual grand 
 jury assessments. At the arrival of 
 the English the county comprehend- 
 ed the territories of Hy-Drone and 
 Hy-Cavanagh, and was part of the pa- 
 trimony of Dermot MacMurrogh, King 
 of Leinster, who invited Strongbow 
 to invade Ireland. Strongbow mar- 
 ried Eva the daughter of Dermot, by 
 whom he had Isabel, who married, in 
 1189, William Earl Marshal and Earl 
 of Pembroke, one of the English 
 Nobles, who by her right obtained 
 the Principality of Leinster. He 
 died in 1219, leaving five sons and 
 five daughters ; on the failure of the 
 male line his territories devolved to 
 his daughters, and a general parti- 
 tion was made among the co-heiresses, 
 at Woodstock, in the reign of Henry 
 III. The lordship was next assigned 
 to Thomas de Brotherton, and by him 
 to the family of Howard, Earls of 
 Norfolk, till forfeited in the reign of 
 Henry VIII. ; but the Cavanaghs long 
 obtained possession of the county, 
 and they were not finally reduced till 
 1601. The principal antiquities are 
 old castles and cromlechs. The 
 county returns two members to Par- 
 liament ; constituency in 1840-1, 1428 ; 
 population in 1831, 81,988 ; inhabited 
 houses in 1831, 13,275. 
 
CAR OF IRELAND. CAR 
 
 CARLOW, the county town, and a 
 Parliamentary borough, is a place of 
 considerable antiquity. It received 
 its first charter, about 1208, from 
 William Earl Marshal, who married 
 Isabel, daughter of Strongbow, who 
 married the daughter of the King of 
 Leinster, at which time it was called 
 Catherlagh ; and in 1362 it was sur- 
 rounded with walls by Lionel Duke of 
 Clarence, who removed to it the royal 
 exchequer from Dublin. The ori- 
 gin of the town was the castle, said 
 to have been built by King John, and 
 with which its history is identified. 
 The ruins are still interesting, and 
 show that it was formerly a place of 
 considerable strength. The dilapida- 
 tion, however, is comparatively recent. 
 The structure, a3 it stood in 1814, 
 consisted of a square of 105 feet, with 
 massive round towers at the angles: 
 but an injudicious attempt to repair 
 it, by diminishing the thickness of the 
 walls, and piercing new windows, 
 caused the fall of more than half of 
 the edifice. Its present ruins con- 
 sist of a curtain wall with its flank- 
 ing towers, about 65 feet in height, 
 finely situated on the left bank of the 
 Barrow, and on the south side the 
 Burrin enters the Barrow at nearly 
 right angles. This castle experienced 
 several sieges, the last of which was 
 in 1650, when it surrendered to Sir 
 Hardress Waller, commanding a divi- 
 sion of Ireton’s Parliamentary forces. 
 
 Carlow is a neat and thriving town, 
 40$ miles from Dublin, situated on 
 the Barrow, which is navigable for bar 
 ! ges from its junction with the Grand 
 Canal at Athy to Ross. The Parlia- 
 mentary borough includes the sub- 
 ! urb of Graigue on the right bank of 
 j the river, in the Queen's County. 
 The town chiefly consists of two 
 main streets, one running parallel 
 with the Barrow, and crossing the 
 Burrin by a neat metal bridge ; the 
 other leading to the suburb of 
 Graigue by a very elegant stone 
 bridge over the Barrow, immediately 
 north of the castle. Opposite the 
 castle is the parish church, ornament- 
 201 
 
 ed with a handsome spire, erected in 
 1834 at the expense of nearly L.2000. 
 The old Court House is at the inter- 
 section of the main streets, and the 
 new Court House is at the north en- 
 trance of the town. This is an octa- 
 gonal edifice of hewn stone, having | 
 a fine portico of Ionic columns ap- , 
 proached by a flight of steps, and 
 elevated on a massive balustraded 
 basement. In this quarter the eastern 
 branch of the street leads to the | 
 Dublin road, and the western to the 
 Lunatic Asylum for the Province of 
 Leinster. The Roman Catholic ca- ! 
 thedral of Kildare and Leiglilin, and 
 the College, are on the eastern out- ! 
 skirts of the town, and are large edi- 
 fices. The cathedral, a splendid 
 structure, was consecrated in 1834, and 
 cost L. 18, 000: it is adorned with a 
 lofty and finely ornamented octagonal ! 
 tower, the whole from a design by 
 Mr Cobden. The Roman Catholic 
 College, for the education of ecclesi- 
 astics and laymen, is an extensive 
 pile, founded in 1789, to which an j 
 addition was built in 1828, and can , 
 accommodate 200 students ; but the | 
 average number is probably 150, of 
 whom those intended for the priest- j 
 hood pay L.25 per annum each, and 
 the lay students 1..34. It. cost L. 13,000. 
 The Roman Catholic school, attached 
 to the convent, founded in 1811, cost j 
 L.2600, and is now under the control 
 of the National Board. The cele- 
 brated Dr Doyle, Roman Catholic 
 Bishop of Leighlin, and well known 
 for his political and controversial 
 writings under the initials of J. K. L., 
 intimating the sees of Kildare and 
 Leighlin, was the chief promoter of 
 these institutions, and Carlow was 
 many years his residence. In the 
 cathedral an elegant monument is 
 erected to the memory of Bishop 
 Doyle, executed by Mr Hogan, the 
 distinguished Irish sculptor, at the I 
 expense of L.1000. The full length 
 statue of Bishop Doyle, in the robes 
 of a Roman Catholic prelate, is in the 
 attitude of appealing to the Deity, 
 and by his side is a female figure rest- 
 
CAR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 CAR 
 
 in g on one knee, the body bent and 
 humbled ; the head, on which is a tur- 
 retted coronet, resting on one arm, 
 and the other arm reclining on and 
 sustaining an ancient harp. On the 
 coronet is inscribed the word “Erin,” 
 and the Bishop’s left arm rests on her 
 shoulder, while his right arm is 
 stretched upwards, as if claiming the 
 protection of the figure personifying 
 Ireland. The County Jail stands on 
 the south side of the town, and large 
 additions were made to it in 1832. 
 The Union Workhouse was erected 
 in 1841. Near the town are barracks 
 for a troop of cavalry and two com- 
 panies of infantry. Here are a Pres- 
 byterian and several Dissenting meet- 
 ing-houses, a Nunnery, a commodious 
 Market House, good inns, excellent 
 shops, some breweries, a distillery, 
 and Hour-mills on the Barrow and 
 ; the Burrin. Among the Institutions 
 I are the County Infirmary, the Fever 
 Hospital, and the Lunatic Asylum, 
 already mentioned, for the counties 
 of Carlow, Wicklow, Kilkenny, and 
 Wexford, on the road from Carlow to 
 Athy, the inclosures comprising ten 
 acres. This edifice cost L.22,552, is 
 supported at an annual expense of 
 about L.2000, and can accommodate 
 upwards of 100 patients. The society 
 designated the Charitable Association 
 I for Procuring Employment for the 
 Industrious Poor is supported by the 
 neighbouring gentry. The Protest- 
 ant Free School has a soup kitchen 
 attached to it, and here are the Pro- 
 testant Orphan Society, the Protestant 
 | Clothing Society, and an association for 
 ] bettering the condition of the female 
 ; peasantry. There are numbers of 
 Protestant and Catholic schools, and 
 | twro of the latter are in connection 
 j with the convent. 
 
 The trade of Carlow is considerable 
 in connection with the Grand Canal 
 and Barrow navigation ; large quan- 
 tities of butter are annually made, 
 which, however, with the grain pro- 
 duce, are generally sent for exporta- 
 tion to Waterford. A little business 
 , is done in the manufacture of coarse 
 202 
 
 woollen, and the retail trade is very 
 extensive. A Branch of the Bank 
 of Ireland is in the town. Carlow is 
 wonderfully free of vagrants, and its 
 general appearance indicates that it is 
 under the control of an efficient local 
 police. Its principal disadvantages 
 in 1836 were the want of lamps in the 
 streets, and of a proper supply of 
 water, the latter of which was pro- 
 cured from the rivers and private 
 pumps. Coal is brought from the 
 adjacent coal district in the Queen’s 
 County, but turf, procured from the 
 borders of Kildare, is the principal 
 fuel of the lower classes. The town 
 was incorporated by James I., and 
 the government vested in a sovereign 
 and two sergeants. It sent two mem- 
 bers to the Irish Parliament, and now 
 returns one to the United Parliament; 
 constituency in 1 840-1, 410. The town 
 gives the title of Viscount to the Earl 
 of Portarlington. By the Municipal 
 Bill the Corporation consists of a So- 
 vereign, Free Burgesses, and Commu- 
 nity of the Borough of Carlow. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 9114; total population, 
 including suburbs, 10,612. 
 
 CARMEN, a township in the Ba- 
 rony of Killiea and Moone, county of 
 Kildare, in the vicinity of Athy. 
 Here was the capital of the ancient 
 Coulan, where the assembly of the 
 southern states of Leinster was held, 
 the site marked by the Moat of Mul- 
 laglimart. This means the Hill of | 
 Decapitation, from the massacre of a 
 number of Irish by an English party 
 during the sixteenth century. 
 
 CARN, a small town about nine 
 miles from Londonderry, on the road 
 to Malin Head. It is pleasantly situ- 
 ated at the head of Trawbreaga Bay, 
 and is watered by two streamlets 
 from the adjacent mountains. The 
 town is regularly built, and it con- 
 tains a number of substantial houses, 
 some schools, and is the head-quarters 
 of the Constabulary and Coast Guard. 
 Carn is in a remote and sequestered 
 district, yet considerable business is 
 often done at the markets, and it has 
 a good retail trade connected with 
 
CAR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 CAR 
 
 the surrounding district. In the 
 vicinity are the residences of Tuna- 
 lague and Fairview. 
 
 CARN, a little village about six 
 miles from Maghera, on the road to 
 Dungwen and Newtown- Lirnavady. 
 
 CARNA, a small creek very advan- 
 tageous for fishermen, in the parish of 
 j Came, county of Wexford. 
 
 CARNAGH, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Bantry, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, in the 
 Union of St Mary New Ross. See Ross. 
 
 CARNALWAY, or Carxalla- 
 way, a parish, rectory and vicarage, in 
 the Barony of South Naas, county 
 and Diocese of Kildare, two miles 
 from Kilcullen. Population in 1831, 
 1291. 
 
 CARNAMART, a small stream 
 near the village of Craughwell, 6ix 
 miles from Loughrea. 
 
 CARNCASTLE. See Cairxe- 
 
 ! CASTLE. 
 
 CARNE, a parish and vicarage in 
 1 the Barony of East Ophaly, county 
 , and Diocese of Kildare, connected i 
 J w’ith the corps of the Precentorship 
 j of the cathedral of Kildare. See 
 Kildare. 
 
 j CARNE, or Carxbore, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Forth, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, terminating in 
 Carnsore Point, one of the most east- 
 ern points of Ireland, bounded on the 
 east and south by the Irish Sea, or 
 St George’ sChannel, on the west by the 
 lake called the Lady’s Island Lough, 
 which, though generally obstructed 
 by sand thrown up by the tide in 
 stormy weather, has occasionally a 
 communication with the sea ; and on 
 the north by the Lady’s Island parish. 
 A considerable part of the parish is 
 arable, and the sand banks and rocky 
 grounds afford pasturage for sheep 
 and cattle. There are no streams, 
 and no lakes, except the Lady’s Island 
 Lough ; the Hill of Chour is the only 
 eminence. The creeks of Nether- 
 town and Carna are convenient for 
 those connected with the lobster and 
 herring fisheries. The villages are 
 203 
 
 Ballygarrow, Ballask, Churchtown, 
 Nethertown, and Ring. Near Carn- 
 sore Point, in a burying-ground, are 1 
 the ruins of an ancient chapel called St 
 Vaugh’s, of rude architecture; and 
 the castle of Cloeast, between 70 and 
 80 feet in height, is in good preserva- J 
 tion. The old mansion of the Palli- 
 sers stands about the centre of the 
 parish, and the residences of Castle 
 Palliser and Carna are prominent in I 
 the district. No trade is carried on 
 in this parish ; agriculture and fishing 
 are the chief employments, and the 
 only manufactures are those of coarse 
 linen and woollen cloths. The parish 
 comprises 29 townlands. Population ! 
 in 1831, 828. Post-town, Broadway. 
 
 CARNEW, a parish, rectory and 
 small town, in the Barony of Shille- ; 
 lagh, counties of Wicklow and Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns. The \ 
 town is nine miles from Gorey, and 
 twelve miles respectively from Augli- 
 rim and Tullow. The place is well j 
 built, and the old castle is still inha- j 
 I bited. One of those useful institutions 
 called Loan Fmids was established 
 here about 1837, and during the sub- ! 
 sequent two years L. 10,000 had been 
 lent out, under the management of 
 the Rector, and Mr Challoner, a resi- 
 dent gentleman, and relative of Earl 
 Fitzwilliam. The town is built on 
 that Nobleman’s property, and his : 
 Lordship’s seat of Coolatin Park is 
 three miles from the town, on the 
 road to Tinehely — a large and com- 
 modious residence without any archi- 
 tectural pretensions. The residence 
 of Ballyellis is about a mile from the i 
 towm on the road to Gorey. The town 
 of Carnew was the scene of a serious 
 conflict between the royal troops and ! 
 the insurgents in 1798. Fairs are ! 
 held in February, April, May, July, 
 and August. Population of town in 
 1831, 855; of parish, 6865. 
 
 CARNEY, a village about eight 
 miles from Sligo, on the road to 
 Boyle, a mile from which, on the 
 shore of the Atlantic, is the elegant 
 modern seat of Lissadill (Gore Booth, 
 Bart.) 
 
CAR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER CAR 
 
 CARNMONEY, or Coole, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the lower half of 
 the Barony of Lower Belfast, county 
 of Antrim, and Diocese of Connor, 
 containing the village of White Ab- 
 bey, in which is a Presbyterian meet- 
 ing-house. In the village of Carn- 
 money is another Presbyterian con- 
 gregation, and both are connected 
 with the “ Presbytery of Belfast,” 
 that town being the post-town. In 
 the parish are several schools. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 5423. 
 
 CARNMORE, a mountain in the 
 county of Fermanagh, 1034 feet above 
 the level of the sea. 
 
 CARNTOGHER MOUNTAINS, a 
 range on the route from Magheraf'elt 
 to Maghera, or rather from Maghera 
 co Dungiven, in the county of Lon- 
 donderry, risiug 1521 feet above the 
 level of the sea. 
 
 CAROGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Clane, 
 county and Diocese of Kildare, an- 
 nexed to the parishes of Bridechurch 
 and Dawnings. Population in 1831, 
 1075. Post-town, Naas. 
 
 CARRA (LOUGH), a lake in the 
 vicinity of Lough Mask, county of 
 Mayo. It is noted for the singular 
 species of fish known in Ireland as 
 the gilleroo trout. This lake commu- 
 nicates with Lough Mask. “ Lough 
 Carra,’ says the author of Wild 
 Sports of the West, “ is smaller than 
 Conn ; as a sheet of Kvater nothing 
 can be more beautiful ; every thing 
 that the painter delights to fancy 
 may be here realized. Islands and 
 peninsulas, with rich overhanging 
 woods, a boundless range of mountain 
 masses in the distance, ruins in excel- 
 lent keeping — all form a splendid 
 study for the artist’s pencil.” 
 
 CARRAGH, or Carra, a Barony 
 of the county of Mayo, comprising 13 
 parishes. The principal town is Cas- 
 tlebar, but there are numerous vil- 
 lages. In this district are Lough 
 Carra and other lakes. The whole 
 surface is w r ild, mountainous, and 
 dreary. 
 
 CARRAGH, the name of two lakes 
 204 
 
 called the Upper and Lower Carragh, 
 hi the county of Kerry, lying among 
 the mountains, six miles from Killor- 
 glin, affording excellent sport to an- 
 glers, but little known to tourists, 
 though their banks exhibit most 
 splendid and wild scenery. The two I 
 lakes are*separated from each other i 
 by a narrow channel, and both to- 
 gether are about four miles in length. 
 The river Blackstone, which is navi- I 
 gable for boats nearly a mile, and 
 leads into some of the most romantic | 
 scenery of Kerry, enters the lake at j 
 the upper end, and the surplus waters j 
 are discharged by the river Carragh. 
 The country here is the wildest part 
 of Kerry, having long had little in- 
 tercourse with England, and the 
 Irish language is spoken in its native 
 purity, though most of the peasantry 
 understand a little English. “ The 
 Lake Carragh,” says the Sportsman in 
 Ireland, “ is a splendid though utter- 
 ly neglected lake, and in visiting it 
 the sportsman must lay his account 
 with the loss of all the usual com- 
 forts. He should provide himself 
 with necessaries at Killorglin, and, 
 among other preparations, he must 
 ask leave of the renter of the river to 
 fish the stream up to the lake. This 
 permission, although granted by a 
 person who pays a heavy sum annual- 
 ly for the river fishing, I believe to 
 Lord Headley, is never denied. — In 
 this river I met to me a new species 
 of the trout ; it is common, however, 
 in Ireland, and in some of the rivers 
 in Scotland, and appears to be a bas- 
 tard between the common and the sea 
 or white trout. It is called a lob, and 
 is found only in brackish water, in 
 such parts of rivers which are fre- 
 quented by the fish from the sea as 
 are subject to the tide.” 
 
 CARRAN-TUAL, the most elevat- 
 ed mountain of Magillicuddy’s Reeks, 
 county of Kerry, in three several parts 
 1715 feet, 2250 feet, and 2499 feet above 
 the level of the sea, according to the 
 Ordnance Survey j but another state- 
 ment gives Carran-Tual a height of 
 3410 feet. 
 
CAR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 CAR 
 
 CARRENTEEL, a parish, rectory | town of Dunleer. Population in 1831, 
 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Dun- 
 gannon, county of Tyrone, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh, on the Black- 
 water. The northern part is moun- 
 tainous, and contains a tract of bog, 
 and there are extensive quarries of 
 limestone and freestone. Fairs are 
 held in the village on the first Wed- 
 nesday of every month, chiefly for 
 cattle and horses. At Aughmacloy, 
 Caledon, and Killin, are Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapels ; three Presbyterian and 
 two Methodist meeting-houses. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 7459. 
 
 CARRICK, a locality in the county 
 of Tipperary, which gives the title of 
 Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, to a 
 branch of the great family of Butler. 
 Somerset Hamilton Butler, eighth 
 Viscount Ikerrin, was elevated to the 
 dignity of Earl of Carrick in 1748. 
 
 CARRICK, a parochial district not 
 ! far from Edenderry, extending be- 
 tween the verge of the Bog of Allen 
 and the Boyne river. 
 
 CARRICK, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Fertullagh, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath, 
 annexed to the parishes of Lynne and 
 Moylishar. Population in 1831, 576. 
 Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 CARRICK, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Bargy, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 749. Post-town, 
 Taghmon. 
 
 CARRICK, or Carrig, a parish 
 and impropriate curacy in the Barony 
 of Shelmalier, county of Wexford, 
 and Diocese of Ferns, on the river 
 Slaney, three miles from Wexford. 
 Population in 1831, 956. 
 
 CARRICK-A-REDE, a remark- 
 able basaltic rock on the Atlantic, off 
 the coast of Antrim, connected with 
 the mainland by a curious rope sus- 
 pension bridge thrown across a fear- 
 ful chasm about 90 feet deep. See 
 Ballintoy. 
 
 C ARRICK-B AGGOT, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Ferrard, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, in the vicinity of the post- 
 205 
 
 340. 
 
 CARRICKBEG, or Carrick-Mac- 
 griffin, a village forming part of the 
 suburbs of Carrick-on-Suir, but on 
 the county of Waterford side, united 
 to the town by an elegant stone 
 bridge. James first Earl of Ormond 
 founded a Franciscan Friary here in 
 the fourteenth century, the steeple of 
 which still remains, and is an archi- 
 tectural curiosity, rising 60 feet from 
 a single stone, like an inverted cone. 
 
 CARRICKDOWNANE, or Car- 
 rigdownig, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Fermoy, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, on the Funcheon river. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 825. Post-town, Mit- 
 chelstown. 
 
 CARRICKFERGUS, a parish and 
 rectory in the county of Antrim, and 
 Diocese of Connor. The ancient 
 town of Carrickfergus, the county 
 town of Antrim, and a Parliamentary 
 borough, is locally situated in the 
 Barony of Belfast, but it is an inde- 
 pendent jurisdiction. The town is 
 eight miles below Belfast, on Belfast 
 Lough, or Carrickfergus Bay. The 
 present town contains the greater 
 part of the old walls, and a portion 
 of the North Gate, formerly Spital 
 Gate, consisting of the arch, is still 
 standing; but many of the streets, 
 both within and without the walls, 
 are narrow, not a few of the houses 
 thatched, and though some of the 
 tenements have an antique appear- 
 ance, there is nothing attractive in an 
 architectural point of view. The pa- 
 rish church, dedicated to St Nicholas, 
 is a plain venerable-looking edifice in 
 the form of a cross, from which rise 
 an elegant steeple and octagon spire, 
 erected in 1778, in room of the old 
 steeple then taken down. This edi- 
 fice, which is said to occupy the site 
 of an ancient Pagan temple, is 132 feet 
 in length, but of very unequal breadth. 
 The chancel window, presented to the 
 parish in 1800, is of stained glass, and 
 represents the baptism of Christ in 
 the Jordan. The north aisle is the 
 s 
 
CAR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 CAR 
 
 private property of the Marquis of 
 Donegal, but is in a state of disrepair, 
 and is excluded from the other parts 
 of the church. Over the inside en- 
 trance is a white marble tablet, sur- 
 mounted by a coronet, containing a 
 long Latin inscription to the memory 
 of Arthur third Earl of Donegal, who 
 was killed in Spain in 1706. On the 
 wall of the north end is the stately 
 monument, of marble and alabaster, 
 of Sir Arthur Chichester, first Lord 
 Chichester of Belfast, and of his 
 lady, the effigies of both in a kneeling 
 attitude fronting each other, and re- 
 presented with long robes and ruff's. 
 Between them their infant son Ar- 
 thur lies in effigy, and in the under 
 compartment, also in a praying pos- 
 ture, is a sculpture in armour of Sir 
 John Chichester, beheaded by the 
 Macdonells, who is here interred with 
 other members of his family. In 
 North Street is a Presbyterian meet- 
 ing-house ; one belonging to the Inde- 
 pendents adjoins Quay Gate; and one 
 of Methodists in Westside. It is said 
 that Wesleyan Methodism was first 
 introduced into the town by some 
 soldiers of the 42d Royal Highlanders 
 in 1752. There is also a Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel, but none of these edi- 
 fices, as buildings, require any parti- 
 cular remark. 
 
 The High Street of Carrickfergus, 
 which is the principal street, is ter- 
 minated by the County Jail and Court 
 House, founded in 1799, at the expense 
 of L.21,785, the Jail accommodating 
 240 prisoners. It appears, however, 
 that this is not sufficient, and in 1840 
 it was agreed by a Grand Jury Pre- 
 sentment to erect a Court-House and 
 Jail at Carrickfergus, Ballymena, and 
 Antrim; against which a strong re- 
 monstrance was unanimously adopted 
 at a public meeting held at Belfast in ‘ 
 January 1841. There is no doubt 
 that Belfast, considering its w’ealth, 
 population, and increasing prosperity, 
 should be the assize town, for Carrick- 
 fergus is now an unimportant place, 
 completely swamped by its thriving 
 neighbour, and the only trade a small 
 206 
 
 manufacture of leather and cotton, 
 some fishing, brewing, and distilling. 
 Even the customs do not pay one half 
 of the expenses of collection, and are 
 levied chiefly from a duty on coals. The 
 town in 1840 was not lighted, and the 
 water is procured from pumps. The 
 appearance of Carrickfergus, how- 
 ever, especially when viewed from 
 Belfast Lough, is respectable, impos- 
 ing, and venerable, but from the soli- 
 tude of its streets, one would think it 
 80 miles from Belfast instead of eight. 
 The Market-House, a building of two 
 storeys, erected in 1775, with three 
 arches in front, stands at that point 
 of the main street where it diverges, 
 one branch leading to the Belfast 
 road, and the other to the quays and 
 to the Castle. A small pier projects 
 from the rock on which the latter is 
 built, and incloses a dock, where ves- 
 sels of 100 tons can lie at the quay. 
 The town extends nearly a mile along 
 the bay of its name. That part of it 
 without the walls is known as the 
 Irish and Scotch Quarters. The 
 former was onee called West Suburb, 
 and consists of Irish Quarter , South 
 and West, joined by a street designat- 
 ed Brewery Lane or Davy Street , a 
 short distance from which are houses 
 termed Pound Lane and Tea Lane. 
 The Scotch Quarter, which is on the 
 east side of the town, contains Joy- 
 mount Bank, not far from the Marquis 
 of Donegal's mansion of Joymount, 
 which has now disappeared, and the 
 Green, or Green Street. This Quar- 
 ter or suburb takes its name from a 
 Scotish colony of fishermen who emi- 
 grated from Argyllshire and Gallo- 
 way about 1665, and their descendants 
 still follow their avocation. The 
 Irish Quarter was so termed after 
 1678, when the Duke of Ormond, then 
 Lord-Lieutenant, issued a proclama- 
 tion, ordering all Roman Catholics to 
 remove without the walls of cities, 
 forts, and corporate towns. 
 
 Carrickfergus is a very ancient 
 town, and suffered severely in former 
 times during its prosperity, having 
 been repeatedly plundered, burnt, 
 
CAR OP IRELAND. CAR 
 
 and occupied by the invading Scots, 
 and the contending parties in the 
 sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 
 Of all its antiquities the Castle is the 
 most interesting, supposed to have 
 been founded by De Courcey about 
 the end of the twelfth century, long 
 a place of considerable importance in 
 the history of Ireland ; and from the 
 middle of the fourteenth to the end 
 of the sixteenth century, the only 
 stronghold north of Dundalk which 
 continued in the possession of the 
 English. It was by the loyalty of the 
 inhabitants of this town that the 
 Northern Pale was recovered in the 
 reign of Elizabeth. The Castle stands 
 on a rocky peninsula jutting into the 
 Bay on the south-east side of the 
 town, the rock giving its name to the 
 place, intimating the Rock of Fergus, 
 so called from a king named Fergus, 
 said to have been drowned near it 
 before the Christian era; the said Fer- 
 gus being claimed both by the Irish 
 and Scots, in their pretensions to high 
 antiquity. This rock, three sides of 
 which are surrounded at common 
 tides, is about 30 feet in height, over- 
 J looking the Bay, shelving considerably 
 towards the land, and is entirely oc- 
 cupied by the works of the fortress. 
 
 | These works consist of an upper and 
 lower yard, with batteries mounting 
 | a number of pieces of cannon, and 
 I two ancient towers or half moons 
 , protecting the entrance on the land 
 : side. About the centre of the pass- 
 age between these half moons was 
 formerly a drawbridge ; and here is 
 also a strong gate, above which is a 
 large aperture for discharging molten 
 lead and missiles at the assailants. 
 Inside of this gate was a portcullis, 
 with a similar aperture. Within 
 these gates is the lower yard, having 
 on the right the guard-room and 
 barrack, the latter erected in 1802 ; and 
 opposite these buildings the Mayor 
 of Carrickfergus is annually sworn 
 into office. In front are vaults said 
 to be bomb proof, over which are 
 apartments for the officers of the gar- 
 rison, built also in 1802, on the site of 
 207 
 
 the former barracks, which could 
 accommodate five companies of In- 
 fantry. Southward are the armour- 
 er’s forge, a furnace for heating shot, 
 and a projecting tower on the outer 
 wall, known as the Lion's Den. The 
 inner yard is reached by a semi-cir- 
 cular arched gate; and within, sur- 
 rounded by high walls, are a magazine, 
 storehouses, and the keep or square 
 tower, 90 feet high, and formerly en- 
 tered by an arched door-way in the 
 second storey. The tower contains 
 five storeys, the largest apartment, 
 called Fergus' Dining-Room , being on 
 the third. The keep has been latterly 
 used as an armoury. This Castle was 
 besieged and taken by Edward Bruce, 
 brother of King Robert Bruce, in 
 1315, and it is said that the garrison 
 actually devoured 30 Scots whom they 
 had taken prisoners before they sur- 
 rendered ; but the history of this ex- 
 pedition, in which De Burgh, Earl of 
 Ulster, figured as the opponent, is 
 very imperfectly known. In 1555 the 
 Scots besieged the Castle, but it was 
 relieved in 1556 by Sir Henry Sidney, 
 father of the celebrated Sir Philip 
 Sidney. In 1642 the Castle was oc- I 
 cupied by Munro for the Scotish 
 Presbyterians; in 1646 by Monk for j 
 the Parliament; in 1649 by Montgom- 
 ery Lord Ardes for the King ; in 1688 
 by Lord Iveagh for James II., andafter 
 an obstinate defence by Colonels Mac- 
 Cavthy More and Cormac O’Neill, with 
 two regiments of Irish Roman Catho- 
 lics, it surrendered to the Duke of 
 Schomberg in August 1689. On the 
 21st of February Commodore Thurbt 
 appeared in the Bay with a 44 gun 
 frigate and two sloops of war, disem- 
 barked 800 men, and attacked the | 
 town and castle, which he took the j 
 same day. The garrison was then 
 commanded by Colonel Jennings, j 
 When the French were advancing up l 
 the High Street, and engaging with 
 the English, a little boy ran playfully 
 out of a house between the contend- 
 ing parties. The French officer, ob- 
 serving the danger of the child, took 
 him in his arms, ran with him to a 
 
CAR THE GAZETTEER CAR 
 
 house, which happened to he that of 
 the boy’s father, who was the sheriff, 
 left him safe, and returned to the 
 engagement. This brave man was 
 killed at Carrickfergus Castle gate. 
 During the plunder two French sol- 
 diers entered the house of an old 
 woman named Dempsey, and seized 
 a silk handkerchief. The dame, who 
 was a pious Roman Catholic, pre- 
 sented her beads, in the hope that 
 such an appeal would have its proper 
 effect on the Frenchman, but she was 
 disappointed. “ Ah !” exclaimed Mon- 
 sieur, “ dat be goot for your soul; dis 
 be goot for my body ! ” In April 
 1778 the celebrated Paul Jones, in 
 the American vessel Ranger, captured 
 the British sloop of war Drake in the 
 roadstead opposite the town, which 
 was the last scene of violence the old 
 veteran Castle of Carrickfergus wit- 
 nessed. 
 
 When the town was in its prosper- 
 ous state, it had several substantial 
 mansions. In 1606 Sir Hercules Lang- 
 ford erected an elegant house on the 
 site of the present Market House ; 
 and the residence of Joymount was a 
 magnificent edifice built by Sir Ar- 
 thur Chichester a few years after- 
 wards, said to have been designed 
 by Inigo Jones. The wooden quay 
 was supplanted by one of stone in 
 1627. The monopoly of the third 
 part of all the customs within certain 
 limits was purchased by the great 
 Earl of Stafford for L.3000, which was 
 of the greatest consequence to Bel- 
 fast, and deeply affected the trade of 
 Carrickfergus. On the 14th of June 
 1690 King William HI. landed at the 
 quay from the Mary yacht, attended 
 by Prince George of Denmark, the 
 Duke of Ormond, the Earls of Ox- 
 ford, Scarborough, Manchester, and 
 other persons of distinction. A large 
 stone at the point of the quay is still 
 known as King William's Stone, on 
 which he first set foot when landing. 
 The King walked through a part of 
 the town, and, after halting half an 
 | hour, proceeded to Belfast in the 
 Duke of Schomberg’s carriage. The 
 208 
 
 Duke of Ormond was splendidly en- 
 tertained in the town in 1704. In 1787 
 the Duke of Rutland, Lord-Lieuten- 
 ant, landed at the quay from Bangor, 
 with a numerous suite. His Grace 
 was entertained by the Corporation, 
 and conferred the honour of knight- 
 hood on William Kirk, Esq., then 
 Mayor. Two years previous to this, 
 Prince William Henry (afterwards 
 William IV.) arrived in the Bay in 
 the Hebe frigate, on board of which 
 his Majesty was then a lieutenant, but 
 he did not land. The other notices 
 of the town are chiefly local. 
 
 Carrickfergus in ancient times ap- 
 pears to have been no great locality of 
 monks. A Franciscan monastery was 
 founded in or about 1232, and in it, in 
 1243, were interred Hugh de Lacy, 
 Earl of Ulster, the supposed founder, 
 Gerald Fitzmaurice, and Richard de 
 Burgh. Sir Arthur Chichester ob- 
 tained a grant of this monastery from 
 James I., and erected on its site his 
 mansion of Joymount. Tradition 
 states that when the monks were 
 compelled to depart, they prayed that 
 the place might become the habita- 
 tion of thieves , which was in some de- 
 gree verified when Joymount was 
 supplanted by the county jail of An- 
 trim. Nearly a mile west of the 
 town, on the Woodburne stream, 
 stood the Priory of Woodburne, or 
 Goodborn, dedicated to the Holy 
 Cross. It belonged to the Premon- 
 stratensians, and was connected with 
 Dryburgh Abbey in Scotland. The 
 lands still called the Spital Parks 
 commemorate the Hospital of St 
 Bridget for lepers, adjoining the east 
 suburb of the town. The Spital 
 House stood near the well, a little 
 north of the town, on the property of 
 the Marquis of Donegal, known as the 
 Bride Well, about which tradition is 
 silent. On the middle division of the 
 Commons is the Rock of the Friars , 
 at which are some traces of small cir- 
 cular buildings, which had been pro- 
 bably cells. Upwards of two miles 
 west of the town are the dilapidated 
 ruins of two churches, the one called 
 
CAR OR IRELAND. CAR 
 
 Kilyann , or Anne's Church , the other 
 Carnrawsy. At the Stonyglen, Knock- 
 ogh, were the ruins of a religious cell 
 designated the Priest's House. 
 
 The woollen manufacture w’as once 
 of some importance, and the cloth 
 was chiefly sold at Belfast. The first 
 cotton cloth made in the parish was 
 about 1790 ; in 1796 Mr Robert Hanly 
 first gave out calico webs on his own 
 account; and in 1804 he commenced 
 calico printing. None of these is car- 
 ried on in the town. The market- 
 day is Saturday, and the annual fairs 
 ; are on the 12th of May and the 1st of 
 November. The town has a branch 
 of the Northern Banking Company, 
 j There are several schools, some of 
 which are free and endowed, and a 
 ! number of religious and benevolent 
 ; societies. The first bequest was that 
 of George Carleton in 1590, and 
 ' amounted to L.30, in trust to the 
 Mayor and Corporation, to erect an 
 ' hospital for fatigued soldiers “ at their 
 coming from their journeys to be 
 ' dryin,” but this was never done, and 
 Mr Carleton must have had a curious 
 notion of affairs when he thought that 
 | the sum of L.30 was sufficient for this 
 | purpose. Several bequests followed, 
 some of which were shamefullyyo6&ed, 
 and the poor deprived of all benefit, 
 as in the case of that of Bishop Ten- 
 nison of Meath, who was a native of 
 the town. The neighbourhood of 
 the town, including the parish of Car* 
 rickfergus, is in excellent cultivation ; 
 the farms are from ten to forty acres, 
 and the crops are wheat, barley, oats, 
 flax, and potatoes. The fishery in 
 the Bay is an important source of 
 employment to many persons, and 
 the oysters taken are very large. 
 
 There are few remains of antiquity 
 in the neighbourhood of Carrick- 
 fergus. Some cairns occur; also a 
 few artificial caves, formerly inhabit- 
 ! ed, one of which, near the south 
 branch of the Woodburne stream, is 
 known as Peter's Cave. On the shore 
 of West Division are some remains of 
 i a castle called Lugg’s Castle, from a 
 j family of that name, but its ancient 
 209 
 
 appellation was Cloughnaharty Cas- 
 tle, or the Old Stone. No record or 
 tradition is preserved of this edifice. 
 About two miles east of the town, at 
 Scoutbush, are the vestiges of a mili- 
 tary port called the Scout- Guard , or 
 Lettice Land , the latter supposed to be 
 derived from the Lady Lettice or Leti- 
 tia Knollis, daughter of Francis Knol- 
 lis, and Countess of Walter Devereux, 
 Earl of Essex, and Governor of Ul- 
 ster. It is said that this was the fa- 
 vourite residence of General Munro, 
 who commanded the Scotish Cove- 
 nanting forces here from 1G42 to 1648. 
 Early in the former year it was the 
 property or dwelling of a Protestant 
 family named Crymble, and it is stated, 
 that a Roman Catholic nurse in their 
 service let down the drawbridge 
 by night, and admitted a party of the 
 rebels, who massacred the whole fa- 
 mily. The elder Crymble killed se- 
 veral of his assailants even after his 
 bowels had fallen out. 
 
 The corporation of Carrickfergus 
 was constituted by charter of James 
 I. in 1612, and long consisted of a 
 Mayor, Alderman, and Burgesses, 
 with Recorder, two Coroners, and 
 Town-clerk. By the Municipal Bill 
 the corporation is now composed ot 
 a Mayor, Alderman, Bailiffs, Citizens, 
 arid Commons. The Mayor is ex officio 
 a Magistrate of the county, and is Ad- 
 miral of the coast from Fairhead in 
 Antrim to Bangor in Down. Car- 
 rickfergus is a distinct county in it- 
 self, and is designated the County oj 
 the town of Carrickfergus. It returns 
 one member to Parliament ; constitu- 
 ency in 1840-1, 1036. Population in 
 1831, 8706. By a census taken in 
 1834, the religious statistics were 
 found to be as follow : — Members of 
 the Established Church, 1387 ; Roman 
 Catholics, 974; Presbyterians, 6146; 
 Protestant Dissenters of various de- 
 nominations, 353. This shows that 
 the inhabitants of Carrickfergus are, 
 for their numbers, probably the most 
 Protestant town community in Ire- 
 land. 
 
 CARRICK (LOUGH), a small but 
 
CAR 
 
 OAR THE GAZETTEER 
 
 romantic lake, a short distance south 
 of the village of Church-hill, on the 
 road from Enniskillen to Ballyshan- 
 non by Belleek, which, with the neigh- 
 bouring lake of Bunnahone, is a 
 source of the Sillies river. 
 
 CARRICKMACROSS, a post-town 
 in the parish of Maghcross, county of 
 Monaghan, and the first town of any 
 note on the road from Dublin to 
 Derry by Ashbourne, Slane, Drum- 
 conra, Monaghan, Aughnacloy, and 
 Newtown-Stewart. It chiefly con- 
 sists of along street, one side of which 
 is on the property of the Marquis of 
 Bath. The parish church is a neat 
 stone edifice, and in the town are a 
 Roman Catholic chapel and a Presby- 
 terian meeting-house. Here are a 
 brewery, malt stores, and a very ex- 
 tensive distillery. The town con- 
 tains several good shops, and carries 
 on a considerable retail trade with 
 the surrounding district ; the weekly 
 markets for the sale of grain and pro- 
 visions are well attended ; and fairs 
 are held on the 27th of May, 10th of 
 July, 27th of September, 9th of No- 
 vember, and 10th of December. The 
 Fever Hospital was erected in 1841, 
 from a design by Mr George Sudden, 
 architect. Queen Elizabeth granted 
 this town and a large tract of the sur- 
 rounding district to her favourite 
 the Earl of Essex, and his represen- 
 tatives still possess the property. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2979. 
 
 CARRICKMINES, a small village 
 in the parish of Kitternan, county of 
 Dublin, in the neighbourhood of 
 Bray. Fairs are held in April and 
 October. 
 
 C ARRICK - ON - SHANNON, the 
 assize town of the county of Leitrim, 
 parish of Kiltoghart, is situated on 
 the Shannon, and is admirably located 
 for inland trade, to which the im- 
 provements of the river will give a 
 successful impulse. It is 77 miles 
 from Dublin, and is a small place, its 
 trade being chiefly retail articles. 
 The town contains little to interest a 
 stranger. The Court-House is a good 
 building, and the County Jail and In- 
 210 
 
 firmary are commodious edifices. The 
 parish church is an elegant structure, 
 and in the town are a Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel and a Wesleyan Methodist 
 meeting-house. In the neighbour- 
 hood is a small Infantry Barrack. 
 Fairs are held in May, August, and 
 November. Population in 1831, 1870. 
 
 CARRICK-ON-SUIR, a parish, im- 
 propriate rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of East Iffa and Offa, county 
 of Tipperary, situated on the naviga- 
 ble river Suir, which here divides it 
 from the county of Waterford, in 
 which is the suburb of Carrickbeg, 
 with its ruins of the Franciscan Ab- 
 bey, near which is the very elegant 
 Roman Catholic chapel. The town 
 of Carrick-on-Suir is 76 miles from 
 Dublin by Thomastown and Augha- 
 villar, and is situated on the banks of 
 the river, which in this part of its 
 course traverses a rich valley, amid the 
 most beautiful scenery which adorns 
 the environs. This town was for- 
 merly a place of very considerable 
 trade, and was noted for its manu- 
 facture of narrow coarse ratteen 
 cloth, of excellent fabric; but this 
 avocation has long disappeared; in 
 1840 the sole exports were some arti- 
 cles of agricultural produce, and all 
 traces of its prosperity had vanished. 
 The town in that year had a most 
 wretched appearance, and its pauper 
 population were peculiarly squalid. 
 Some battalions of beggars could have 
 been raised in Carrick-on-Suir with- 
 in a few hours, whose appearance in- 
 timated them to be in the utmost des- j 
 titution. The town is a Imirably si- 
 tuated for an extensive trade, and it ! 
 is to be hoped that the river improve- \ 
 ments, for which an act of Parlia- j 
 ment has been obtained, to enable i 
 vessels of large tonnage to come up j 
 to the town, will revive this hitherto 
 unfortunate place, and a spirit of en- j 
 terprise be excited among the respect- 
 able and intelligent portion of the in- 
 habitants. The parish church is a 
 plain edifice, and the bridge, though 
 built in the beginning of the 14th 
 century, is better than similar old 
 
CAR 
 
 structures. Here are the remains of 
 a castle built by Sir Thomas Butler, 
 i who erected the bridge in 1309, on 
 ! the site of a Priory belonging to the 
 Knights of St John of Jerusalem, and 
 in the hall of this castle the great 
 Duke of Ormond, whose residence it 
 was, first received intelligence of the 
 Rebellion of 1641. Some vestiges of 
 the walls of the town long remained. 
 Here are a substantial Market- House, 
 a Bridewell, a Cavalry Barrack, and 
 some tan-yards and small breweries, 
 j Attached to the nunnery in Chapel 
 Lane is a Roman Catholic school for 
 girls, and there is another similar 
 school for boys in the town. Fairs 
 are held on the Tuesday after Whit- 
 j Sunday, and in August and October, 
 j The projected branch of the railway 
 from Limerick to Waterford will 
 greatly improve this town. Popula- 
 • tion in 1831, 9626. 
 
 CARRIG, or Carrigleamt.eary, a 
 i parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Fermoy, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, extending near the Black- 
 water, three miles from the post- 
 town of Mallow. Population in 1831, 
 1133. 
 
 CARRIGACRUMP, the name of 
 several caves in the vicinity of the old 
 episcopal city of Cloyne, of great 
 extent, and abounding with interest- 
 ing objects, though little known and 
 seldom visited. “ The chambers,” 
 says Mr Windele, “ are numerous, 
 and the arches generally of consider- 
 able elevation; the spars and stalac- 
 tites are large and beautiful, and the 
 echoes extremely fine. It is supposed 
 that the caves extend to, and are con- 
 nected with, the episcopal grounds of 
 Cloyne. The quarries of this place 
 produce a marble similar to the Ita- 
 lian dove-coloured marble.” In 1839 
 these quarries were wrought by 
 Messrs Fitzgerald of Cork. 
 
 C ARRIG AFO YLE, an island of the 
 Shannon, near the village of Bally- 
 longford. 
 
 CARRIGAHOLT, a fishing village 
 in the parish of Kilballygorven, 
 county of Clare, situated on a creek 
 211 
 
 CAR 
 
 on the north side of the Shannon. ; 
 The pier was erected by the Fishery 
 Board, and is nearly 500 feet in length. 
 
 In the vicinity are the old castle of 
 Carrigholt, and the Light- house of 
 Kilkredane. The Commissioners for 
 the Improvement of the Shannon 
 state in their Second Report, that, 
 after a careful survey of the locality 
 and coast, “no useful harbour could 
 be formed without incurring an en- 
 ormous outlay, nor could any suffi- 
 cient improvement be made even for 
 the accommodation of boats and 
 small vessels, except at an expense 
 out of proportion to the advantages 
 anticipated.” They, however, re- 
 commended the erection of a pier at 
 the expense of L.5600. This pier was 
 to be constructed under the headland 
 on which Carrigaholt castle is situ- 
 ated, and a new road opened to the 
 village. The Roman Catholic chapel 
 is near the road to Kilbaha. The 
 coast in this quarter is remarkably 
 rocky. 
 
 CARRIGALINE, or Beavor, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, partly 
 in the Southern Liberties of Cork 
 city, and partly in the Barony of Ker- 
 ricurrihy, county and Diocese of 
 Cork. It is bounded on the east by 
 Cork Harbour, on the west by the 
 river Awnboy, and on the north by 
 an inlet of the sea. Carrigaline Bay 
 is on the south-west extremity of Cork 
 Harbour, about four miles from Pass- 
 age ; and the coast from the village, 
 which is at the head of the Bay, 
 round to Kinsale, is bold, and pre- 
 sents some fine marine scenery. On 
 the coast of the Bay are the resi- 
 dences of Ballybricken, Coolmore, 
 and, near Robert’s Cove, Britsfield- 
 town. The parish extends about 
 eight miles in length, and from two 
 to five miles in breadth. The surface 
 is hilly, but not mountainous ; and 
 the greater part of it is either arable, 
 or in meadow and pasture. The cli- 
 mate is mild, equable, and salubrious, 
 and the district enjoys many ad van- j 
 tages from its proximity to the city 
 of Cork, and the plantations round 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
JAR the gazetteer car 
 
 the country mansions are extensive. 
 At Coolmore, and in the Carrigaline 
 division of the parish, are excellent 
 limestone quarries; a small vein of 
 black marble was discovered on the 
 lands of West Carrigaline; a slate 
 quarry of fine quality is on the lands 
 of Rocheston ; and at Ballinrea is a 
 mineral spring, efficacious in cases of 
 debility, the water said to be of the 
 same nature as that of Tunbridge 
 Wells. The mansions and residences 
 are numerous, especially in that part 
 of the parish within the Liberties of 
 Cork. In the parish is a dispensary 
 connected with a fever hospital. The 
 Awnbuy is crossed by two bridges ; 
 and the only villages are those of 
 Carrigaline and Douglas, the former 
 six, the latter two, miles from Cork. 
 Near the parish church are the re- 
 mains of an old castle, once the strong- 
 hold of the Cogans, one of the earliest 
 Anglo-Norman families who settled 
 in Ireland, perched on a rugged and 
 almost conical limestone rock. To 
 the south is seen the sharp spire of 
 the church rising above a grove of 
 trees. In Douglas village is a parish 
 chapel- of-ease, and in the district are 
 several Roman Catholic chapels and 
 schools. Fairs are held in the parish 
 on Easter-Monday, Whit-Monday, the 
 12th of August, and 8th of November. 
 Population in 1831, 7375. 
 
 CARRIG ALLEN, or CLracoRRiCKj 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of its name, county of Leitrim, and 
 Diocese of Kilmore. The village so 
 called is on the cross road leading to 
 Mohill, five miles from Crossdoney, 
 near which are the residences of 
 Drumsillagh and Cloonecorick. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 7809. 
 
 CARRIG AN, a village on the coast 
 of Donegal, three miles north of Glen, 
 on the narrow neck of land between 
 the eastern dreary shores of the bays 
 of Sheephaven and Mulroy. -The 
 whole of this coast is peculiarly de- 
 solate. 
 
 CARRIGART, a poor fishing vil- 
 lage in the wild peninsula of Rossguel, 
 n >t far from Carrigan, close to which 
 212 
 
 are vast accumulations of sand. About 
 a mile north of it stood Rosapenna 
 House, the seat of Lord Boyle, so re- 
 cent as 1784, but not a vestige of 
 which is to be seen, the w’hole being 
 covered with sand. 
 
 C ARRIGEEN, a parish and curacy 
 in the Barony of Coshma, county of 
 Limerick, and Diocese of Cashel 
 
 CARRIGIN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Clare, situated on 
 Lough Corrib, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Tuam, four miles from 
 Headfort. 
 
 CARRIGNAVER, or Dunbul- 
 loge, a parish and entire rectory, 
 partly in the Barony of East Mus- 
 kerry, and partly in the Liberties of j 
 the city of Cork, on the Glanmure 
 river. It belongs to the Union of St ' 
 Peter’s in that city. Population in 
 1831, 1892. See Cork. 
 
 CARRIGOGONIL, also written 
 Carricogonel, or Carrickaquicy, a 
 village in the parish of Pubblebrien, 
 county of Limerick, on the southern 
 bank of the Shannon river, and often 
 designated Pubblebrien. It had a 
 house belonging to the Knights Tem- 
 plars, which in 1530 was occupied by 
 Donald O'Brien, then Lord of Pub- 
 blebriem In the vicinity is a splen- 
 did castle in ruins, on a prominent ! 
 hill overlooking, the Shannon, which 
 was a place of considerable strength, 
 dismantled by Cromwell. 
 
 C ARRIGROHANBEG, or Kilgro- 
 hanbeg, a parish and rectory on the 
 river Lee, in the Barony of Barretts, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. Population in 1831, 659. 
 See Barretts. 
 
 CARRIGROHANE, or Kilgro- 
 hanmore, a parish and rectory, partly 
 in the Barony of Barretts, and partly 
 in the Liberties of the city of Cork, 
 extending along the Lee, county and 
 Diocese of Cork. Fronting the resi- 
 dences of Mount Duncombe, Kits- 
 borough, and Lee-View, on the south 
 of the Lee, is the old castle of Carri- 
 grohane, on a steep precipitous rock 
 rising almost perpendicularly above 
 the margin of the riven When view- 
 
CAR OF IRELAND. CAS 
 
 1 
 
 ed from the western side, this castle 
 has a most picturesque appearance. 
 It consists of two ruinous piles of 
 different eras, heights, and architec- 
 ture, that on the west being the 
 smaller, lower, and more modern. 
 The massive walls inclose narrow 
 and gloomy apartments, and vaulted 
 J dungeons. The larger and more 
 J modern part of the structure is ob 
 long, of three storeys, without roof, 
 floors, and stairs. It is said that this 
 j castle was founded by the MacCar- 
 ; thys. The structure was ruined 
 I during the great Rebellion in the 
 1 reign of Charles I. ; though it was 
 • afterwards held for some time by one 
 j Captain Cape, the leader of a noted 
 , gang of freebooters, who committed 
 i many ravages in the neighbourhood. 
 During the eighteenth century a 
 splendid sycamore reared its majestic 
 , trunk near the door, but this fine tree 
 was cut down soon after 1801. A 
 small plantation has been formed near 
 the castle. At the base of the rock 
 j is a cave, which the peasantry believe 
 j communicates with the great caverns 
 at the Ovens, four miles distant. To 
 the west of the castle, at a sudden 
 bend of the river, is a deep pool 
 knowTi as the Hell- Hole, overshaded 
 by lofty limestone precipices. The 
 peasantry believe that a supernatural 
 eel of monstrous size, having a mane 
 like a horse, and two short feet, in- 
 habits this pool, and that he is the 
 guardian of enchanted abodes be- 
 neath, in which are deposited vast 
 treasures. It seems that this fanciful 
 reptile often quitted the pool at night, 
 and his slimy track could be seen in 
 the morning on the adjacent grounds, 
 but of late this has not been visible. 
 Population in 1831, 1921. 
 
 CARRIGTOHILL, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Barrymore, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, on the north side of Cork 
 Harbour. Part of Foaty Island be- 
 longs to this parish. Fairs are held 
 in the village in March, May, August, 
 September, and November. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 3668. 
 
 213 
 
 CARRON, or Carune, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Burrin, county of Clare, and an- 
 nexed Diocese of Kilfenora, united to 
 the parish of Noughaval. Population 
 in 1831, 1045. 
 
 CARROWKEEL, a small village 
 nine miles from Londonderry, and 
 four miles from Muff, on the road to 1 
 Malin-Head. 
 
 CARROWMORE (LOUGH), a 
 lake in the wild district of Erris, 
 county of Mayo, four miles in length, 
 and of varied breadth, having a few 
 small islands. It is surrounded by j 
 numerous low hills. The surplus 1 
 waters of this lake are discharged by 
 the Munhin river, which unites with j 
 the Owenmore before it reaches 
 Tulloghaan Bay. 
 
 CARRUNGUNAGH, a village in 
 the parish of Killamin, county of , 
 Galway, not far from the post town i 
 of Oughterard. 
 
 CARRYGLASS, a village in the 
 parish of Mogeela, county of Cork, in [ 
 the neighbourhood of Tallow. 
 
 CARYSFORT, a village in the | 
 parish of Rathdrum, county of Wick- 
 low, formerly a borough, governed | 
 by a sovereign and burgesses, but j 
 long disfranchised. It has a free 
 school, endowed by Charles I. with j 
 366 acres, the master having also a j 
 salary of L.20 per annum. Fairs are 
 held at Carysfort on Whit- Mon day, 
 and on the 12th of November. This 
 village is also called Macreddin. 
 Carysfort gives the title of Earl, in 
 the Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble 
 Family of Proby of Kilcarra Castle, in 
 the county of Wicklow. Sir John 
 Proby was created Baron Carysfort 
 in 1752, and his only son, the second 
 Lord, was advanced to the dignity of 
 Earl of Carysfort in 1789, having 
 been in 1781 created a British Peer 
 by the title of Baron Carysfort, of 
 Norrnancross, county of Huntingdon. 
 
 CASHEL, long an Archbishopric 
 of Ireland, and still so in the Roman 
 Catholic Division, but now, by the 
 Irish Church Temporalities Bill, a 
 Bishopric of the Established Church, 
 
conjoined in 1839, at the death of the 
 Most Reverend Richard Lawrence, 
 D.D., the last Lord Archbishop, with 
 the Bishoprics of Emly, Waterford, 
 and Lismore. The Archbishops of 
 Cashel were styled Primates of Ire- 
 land and Metropolitans of Munster, 
 and they ranked the third of the four 
 Irish Archbishops, immediately after 
 the Archbishop of Dublin. The 
 Suffragan Bishops were those of Wa- 
 terford, Cloyne, Cork, Limerick, and 
 Killaloe. The ecclesiastical province 
 comprised the Dioceses of Cashel, 
 
 I Emly, Limerick, Ardfert and Agha- 
 doe, Waterford, Lismore, Cork, Ross, 
 (pioyne, Killaloe, and Kilfenora— a 
 district nearly co-extensive with the 
 civil Province of Munster. Accord- 
 ing to the First Report of the Com- 
 missioners of Public Instruction, in 
 1834, the Province of Cashel contained 
 810 parishes, with a population of 
 2,335,573, of whom 111,813 were mem- 
 bers of the Church of Ireland, 
 2,220,310 were Roman Catholics, only 
 966 were Presbyterians, and 2454 were 
 Protestant Dissenters of various de- 
 nominations. In the same Report,- it 
 is stated that the number of parochial 
 edifices belonging to the Church of Ire- 
 land was 362, and places for celebrating 
 Divine Service, connected with the 
 Church of Ireland, 80 ; Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapels, 634 j Presbyterian 
 meeting-houses, 20 ; meeting-houses 
 for other denominations, 84; total, 
 1170. The Second Report, in 1835, 
 states that in this archiepiscopal pro- 
 vince were 2332 schools, educating 
 151,820 children of both sexes. Yet, 
 although the Roman Catholic popu- 
 lation vastly exceed that of the 
 Church of Ireland, the Commission- 
 ers declare that there were only 31 
 parishes in which no members of the 
 Church of Ireland were resident. 
 The Archbishopric of Cashel was 
 erected about 1152, but the Bishopric 
 existed in the tenth century. Emly 
 was annexed in 1568. The Archiepis- 
 copal Diocese extended over all Tip- 
 perary, and into the counties of Kil- 
 kennv and Limerick, comprising 100 
 214 
 
 parishes. The Chapter of the Bishop- 
 ric of Cashel consists of the Dean, 
 the Chancellor, the Treasurer, the 
 Archdeacon, and five Prebendaries, 
 and the see is valued in the King’s 
 Books (29 Henry VIII.) at L .66, 13s. 
 4d. Irish, or L.50 sterling. 
 
 CASHEL, an ancient episcopal and 
 archiepiscopal city, and the seat of 
 the See of Cashel, is situated in the 
 parish of St Patrick’s Rock, Barony 
 of Middlethird, county of Tipperary, 
 108 English miles south-west from 
 Dublin, a few miles east of the 
 river Suir, which in this quarter has 
 its 'course towards Clonmel, from 
 which Cashel is distant 14 miles. The 
 city is chiefly built round the south 
 and east sides of the insulated rock, 
 known as the Rock of Cashel, rising I 
 abruptly in the midst of a rich plain, 
 and commanding an extensive view. 
 On this rock was formerly the resi- 
 dence of the petty Kings of Munster, 
 and it is still grouped with a most 
 interesting assemblage of ruins, of 
 which, as Sir Walter Scott observed 
 when he visited Cashel, Ireland may 
 well be proud. These are the Round 
 Tower, Cormack’s Chapel, the Cathe- 
 dral, Castle, aud Monastery, all, with 
 the exception of the latter, which is a 
 few yards detached, closely connect- ! 
 ed. Of these the Monastery is the j 
 least important. 
 
 The Round Tower on the Rock of ! 
 Cashel resembles those similar struc- j 
 tures with which Ireland abounds, I 
 aud notwithstanding its antiquity, it j 
 is far less dilapidated or decayed than 
 its younger companions. Carmack's 
 Chapel , it is alleged, is so named 
 from Cormack M‘Cullinan, King of 
 Munster, also Bishop of Munster, in 
 the ninth century, the descendant of j 
 JEngus, son of the King of Munster, J 
 who was one of St Patrick’s disciples, j 
 This Cormack, who found it conve- I 
 nient to wield the ecclesiastical with 
 the temporal functions, is generally j 
 supposed to have built the Round j 
 Tower ; but of its origin nothing is ; 
 accurately known, and the founder of j 
 the Chapel is more likely to haver ! 
 
CAS OF IRELAND. CAS 
 
 been Cormack MacCarthy, King of 
 Munster and Bishop of Cashel in the 
 11th century. This Chapel, from its 
 undoubted antiquity, is an object of 
 the greatest architectural interest, 
 and consists of a nave and choir, the 
 latter, from its limited dimensions, 
 rather resembling a cell. At an angle 
 of the choir, on the south side, a 
 slender square tower rises above the 
 roof. The whole roof is of stone, 
 concentrically vaulted underneath; 
 the upper vault is Gothic, and is the 
 only arch of that kind of architecture 
 in the building; the lower arch is 
 Saxon, and forms the ceiling of the 
 nave below, springing partly from the 
 thickness of the wall, and partly from 
 the arcliitraves of a double range of 
 columns rudely carved on eaeh side. 
 The length of the entire building 
 outside is 53 feet; inside nearly 48 
 feet; mean thickness of the walls up- 
 wards of four feet; height of the 
 square tower, 68 feet; height of the 
 roof from the ground outside, 52 feet. 
 The edifice exhibits numerous orna- 
 ments, grotesque heads, and curious 
 sculptures, adorning the arches, co- 
 lumns, and pilasters. The Chapel is 
 not built due east and west, but is a 
 little out of line. 
 
 The Cathedral is said to have been 
 erected in the tenth century, but pro- 
 bably the more correct statement is 
 that it is the work of the twelfth 
 century, and was built by Donald 
 O’Brien, King of Leinster, immediate- 
 ly before the arrival of the English, 
 and is considered a fine specimen of 
 the pointed Gothic, displaying many 
 interesting relies. It is in the form 
 of a cross, the choir and southern 
 transept embracing Cormack’s Chapel 
 on two sides, the Chapel flanking the 
 southern side of the choir, to which 
 it serves as a Chapter-House, and is 
 interposed between the Cathedral and 
 the Round Tower. At the west end 
 of the Cathedral is the old episcopal 
 Palace, and adjoining is the Abbey of 
 the Rock of Cashel, founded by David 
 MacCarwell about 1260, and evidently 
 once a place of great strength. The 
 215 
 
 other edifice on the Rock is a hall for 
 the vicars-choral, erected by Arch- 
 bishop O’Hedian about 1421. A wall, 
 some bastions of which were in ex- 
 istence towards the end of the 18th 
 century, surrounds the platform on 
 which the ruins stand, and completes 
 a pile of buildings which, for their 
 commanding situation, massive pro- 
 portions, and remarkable variety of 
 outline, are justly considered the 
 finest structures of the kind in Ire- 
 land. On the summit of the Rock, 
 and round the ruins, is an inclosed 
 area of about two acres, covered with 
 the richest sward, which is open to 
 the public, but the ruins are shown 
 by the parish sexton. From the 
 Rock of Cashel extensive views of 
 the beautiful and fertile surrounding 
 ■country are obtained, and beneath 
 lies the old decayed episcopal city, 
 which has now ceased to be a stated 
 Diocesan residence of the Church of 
 Ireland. The Arcliiepiscopal Palace 
 is a respectable-looking mansion, 
 with very fine gardens, extending to 
 the base of the Rock. “ All that can 
 delight the senses,” says Mr Inglis, 
 
 “ is here. Parterres of lovely flowers 
 and rare shrubs, velvet lawns, seclud- 
 ed walks rich in odours 4 and, above 
 the fine screen of holly, and labur- 
 num, and lilac, and coppes-beach, and 
 laurel, towers the Rock, covered by 
 its magnificent ruins.” 
 
 The first Bishop of Cashel who re- 
 ceived the archiepiscopal pall was 
 Donat O’Lonargan, who was succeed- 
 ed about 1152 by Donald O’Hullucan, i 
 during whose episcopate the great • 
 Synod was held at Cashel in 1172. In | 
 this Synod it is alleged that the Irish 
 Prelates acknowledged the civil au- 
 thority of the Kings of England, and 
 the ecclesiastical superiority of the 
 Anglican Church. In 1179 the city 
 was of sufficient importance to be 
 burnt, which is recorded in the Irish 
 Annals. A second Donat O’Lonar- 
 gan succeeded Archbishop Donald 
 O’Hullucan, who assisted at the Coun- 
 cil of Lateran in 1215, at which he 
 died. He was succeeded by a third 
 
CAS THE GAZETTEER CAS 
 
 Prelate of the same name, who erect- 
 ! ed Cashel into a borough, in 1223. 
 i Marian O’Brien next obtained the 
 | See, and he had influence to procure 
 from Henry III. a perpetual alms- 
 ! gift of the town, which he re- grant- 
 ed and confirmed to the Mayor and 
 Burgesses in 1230, only reserving the 
 j bakery and shambles, in return for 
 I which the citizens made a grant of 
 j two gallons of every brewage of ale in 
 their town for ever towards the sup- 
 port of the Lazar or Leper House, 
 
 ■ which had been founded by David de 
 i Latimer, the Archbishop’s seneschal. 
 This Prelate was succeeded by David 
 MacCarwell in 1253, who in 1268 grant- 
 ed an indulgence of forty days to all 
 I who contributed to the erection of St 
 j Paul’s in London. This Archbishop 
 is described as having been a very 
 turbulent personage, and was often 
 engaged in disputes with the Govern- 
 ment. He forcibly expelled the oc- 
 cupants of the Lazar House, and con- 
 verted it into a Dominican or Black 
 Friars Abbey, which at the present 
 day is close to the site of the old 
 Roman Catholic Chapel, but in a state 
 of great decay. He was, however, a 
 great benefactor to the Church gene- 
 rally, and founded the Abbey of the 
 Rock of Cashel about 1260, already 
 mentioned, the Chantry of St Nicholas, 
 and the Hore Abbey for Grey Friars, 
 a tine ruin in the vicinity of the town, 
 in comparatively good preservation. 
 
 In subsequent times, during the 
 episcopate of David Creagh, Cashel 
 suffered severely from the feuds be- 
 tween the Earls of Desmond and the 
 Fitzgeralds. The Archbishop had 
 rendered himself obnoxious to Gerald 
 Fitzgerald, the great Earl of Kildare, 
 who about 1498 burnt the Cathedral, 
 and in all probability laid waste the 
 town. The Archbishop, encouraged 
 by the Earl of Ormond, the chief of 
 the Butler Family, complained of this 
 outrage to Henry VII. The King 
 ; upbraided Kildare for his violence, 
 j when present in Council, who replied 
 ' with an oath, that he “ would never 
 have thought of committing such a 
 216 
 
 sacrilege, had he not been told for 
 certain that the Archbishop w r as in- 
 side !'* This audacious statement is 
 said to have pleased Henry, who soon 
 afterwards appointed him Lord De- 
 puty. 
 
 Nothing of any iihportance con- 
 nected with Cashel occurs till after 
 the Reformation, when James Mac- 
 Caghwell, who had been nominated 
 to the Archbishopric by Queen Eliza- 
 beth, was assassinated in 1570 by 
 Maurice Gibbon, or Reagh, his Roman 
 Catholic rival. His successor was the 
 celebrated Malmurry, better known 
 as Miler Magrath, the head of the 
 Magrath family, originally a Francis- 
 can friar, who having been some time 
 titular bishop of Down and Connor, 
 conformed to the Reformation, and 
 was advanced to the Archbishopric by 
 the Queen. He held the See in com - 
 mendcim with the Dioceses of Lismore, 
 Emly, and Waterford, and died at 
 Cashel in 1612, aged nearly one hun- 
 dred years. This singular Prelate 
 alienated a considerable part of the 
 property of the See, and some even 
 allege that he died a Roman Catholic. 
 A fine monument is erected to him 
 on the south side of the choir, with a 
 quaint inscription in Latin, written by 
 himself ; but it is doubted if his body 
 was buried there, as it is suspected 
 that it was privately interred accord- 
 ing to the ritual of the Roman Catho- 
 lic Church. The peasantry have a 
 tradition that this Prelate was the 
 most handsome man in Ireland of his 
 day. 
 
 In 1647 Cashel was garrisoned, 
 and the Rock put in a state of defence, 
 by Lord Taaffe, on behalf of the Irish 
 Royalists, but Lord Inchiquin caused 
 him to withdraw, by marching against 
 the city. The inhabitants left their 
 gates open, and fled to the Cathedral. 
 They were summoned by Lord Inchi- 
 quin to surrender, and were offered 
 protection on the condition of paying 
 L.3000, and furnishing his forces w'ith 
 one month’s provisions. These terms 
 were refused, the place was carried 
 by assault, and a dreadful slaughter 
 
CAS 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 CAS 
 
 ensued, in which upwards of twenty 
 priests and friars were killed before 
 the Cathedral was taken. Cromwell 
 subsequently secured the city, but 
 nothing remarkable occurred. Cashel 
 was in a flourishing condition up to 
 1688, since which time it has fallen 
 gradually to decay ; and although in 
 the centre of a rich and fertile coun- 
 try, at a considerable distance from 
 any large town, it is a place of little 
 importance, and is only roused from 
 its dulness by an election, the old city 
 returning one Member to the Impe- 
 rial Parliament. There is a weekly 
 market, and periodical fairs in March, 
 July, August, September, and Novem- 
 ber, at which, however, only a very 
 limited portion of the produce of the 
 district is sold. The retail trade is 
 also inconsiderable. 
 
 The Rock of Cashel, crowned with 
 its magnificent ruins, is seen many 
 miles distant, but the city is not vi- 
 sible till it is about to be entered. It 
 is irregularly built, but is externally 
 rather a pretty town. The main 
 street, and a few of the diverging 
 streets, are kept tolerably clean, and 
 contain numbers of respectable inha- 
 bitants ; but most of the other streets 
 and lanes are narrow, dirty, and oc- 
 cupied by very poor people. These 
 streets are neither paved, lighted, nor 
 cleaned, and the city has fallen into a 
 most deplorabe state of ruin. Hun- 
 dreds of the poor daily leave the town 
 on begging excursions throughout 
 the surrounding district, and return 
 at night to their miserable hovels in 
 the suburbs. In 1836, out of 1135 
 houses of which the city then consist- 
 ed, no fewer than 751 were thatched, 
 and only 190 were worth L.10 and 
 upwards per annum. The supply 
 of water is by pumps repaired at 
 the expense of the county, for the 
 Water Works constructed by Arch- 
 bishop Bolton during the early part 
 of the eighteenth century have been 
 allowed to go to decay, their under- 
 ground conduits, upwards of two 
 miles in length, choked up with rub- 
 bish, and the stream diverted to the 
 217 
 
 supply of mills. Such is the fate of 
 the work of that most excellent Pre- 
 late— “a work which,” as Dr Smith 
 states in his Collections of Tipperary, 
 “is truly noble, and must perpetuate 
 the name of the donor to ages yet 
 unborn that will reap the advantage 
 of it.” 
 
 The modern Cathedral of Tuam is 
 an elegant structure, surmounted 
 with a fine spire, and was erected by 
 Archbishop Agar during the middle 
 of the eighteenth century. The old 
 cathedral was unroofed by Archbi- 
 shop Price in 1752, and is now a ruin. 
 The city contains Market and Court 
 Houses, an Infirmary, a Dispensary, a 
 large and modern Roman Catholic 
 chapel on the site of the old Francis- 
 can Abbey, a well regulated Bride- 
 well, a small Infantry Barrack, and 
 some minor institutions for the sup- 
 port of the indigent. The Charter 
 School is commodious, and is endowed 
 with L.20 per annum and twenty-two 
 acres of land annexed. In the city 
 and Deanery are numbers of schools, 
 of which the majority are connected 
 with the Roman Catholics, who are 
 said to be about thirty to one in pro- 
 portion to the Protestants. In the 
 Public Library are some valuable 
 MSS., but the famous Psalter of Ca- 
 shel is now either lost or abstracted. 
 
 The Corporation of Cashel con- 
 sists by the Municipal Bill of a Mayor, 
 Sheriff, Burgesses, and Commonalty. 
 The charter of Charles I., in 1610, 
 erected the borough into a city, to 
 be governed by a Mayor, AJdermen, 
 Bailiff's, and Commons. This charter 
 was repealed by James II., but re- 
 stored by William III. when encamp- 
 ed at Goldengrove, not far distant. 
 Most of the property was in subse- 
 quent years alienated by the Corpora- 
 tion, and the tolls and customs of the 
 city converted to their own uses. 
 The members of the Corporation, in 
 fact, contrived to secure large hold- 
 ings of the 4000 Irish statute acres 
 belonging to the city, at rents little 
 more than nominal ; and as an instance 
 of the jobbing of those worthies, it is 
 
 T 
 
CAS THE GAZETTEER CAS 
 
 stated that they leased to an influen- 
 tial individual upwards of 1548 Irish 
 acres for 99 years, from March 1830, 
 at a rent of only L.86 ! This aliena- 
 tion of the corporate property is one 
 of the chief causes, doubtless, of the 
 present deplorable state of the city. 
 
 Cashel returns one Member to the 
 Imperial Parliament ; constituency in 
 1840-1, 289. An ascent to the Cathe- 
 dral contains a stone on which the 
 ancient Kings of Munster were crown- 
 ed. This gives the titles of Earl and 
 Viscount Mountcashel, in the Peerage 
 of Ireland, to the Noble Family of 
 Moore. Population in 1831, 69/1. 
 
 CASHEL, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Rathcline, county of 
 Longford, and annexed Diocese of 
 Ardagh, situated on the Shannon. 
 Population in 1831, 5087. Post-town, 
 Lanesborough. 
 
 CASHEL IRRA, or West Cashel, 
 a townland in the Barony of Corran, 
 county of Sligo, at which one St 
 B?on founded a bishopric about the 
 beginning of the sixth century. 
 
 C A SHIN, a river formed by the 
 junction of the Feal, Gall, Brick, 
 Smeerla, and other Kerry streams. 
 It traverses the great Cashin Bog dis- 
 trict, which extends to within a few 
 miles of Tralee, and falls into the 
 estuary of the Shannon. The Cashin 
 Bog district is minutely described in 
 the Reports of the Commissioners on 
 Bogs in Ireland. 
 
 CASHLIN, an excellent angling 
 mountain stream in the county of 
 Galway, about eight miles west of the 
 town of Galway. 
 
 CASTLE-BALD WIN, a village in 
 the parish of Ballisodere, county of 
 Sligo. Fairs are held here in June, 
 July, September, and November. 
 Post-town, Collooney. 
 
 CASTLEBAR, also called Aglish, 
 a parish, rectory, and post-town, in 
 the Barony of Carragh, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam. The 
 town of Castlebar, which is the 
 county and assize town of Mayo, is 
 146 miles from Dublin, or 126 miles by 
 Ballinasloe, Castle-Blakeney, Tuam, 
 218 
 
 and Ballyglass, and eight miles from 
 Westport. It is situated near the 
 north-west extremity of the great 
 plain of mixed hog and pasture which 
 comprises a very considerable part of 
 the counties of Roscommon, Galway, 
 Sligo, and Mayo, near the romantic 
 and picturesque lake of Castlebar, 
 and is watered by the Clydagh, which 
 issues from that lake, and is here 
 crossed by three bridges. The castle, 
 which originated the name of the 
 place, was a stronghold of the ancient 
 De Burghs, but the town itself is of 
 comparatively recent date. In the 
 Report of the Commissioners on Irish 
 Bogs, published in 1814, it is stated 
 that about 80 years previously there 
 was only one cultivated field between 
 Castlebar and the sea, and even forty 
 years afterwards, or about 1770, the 
 roads to the west of Ireland did not 
 pass the town. Considerable im- 
 provements have been effected, and 
 are constantly in operation ; but 
 though there are several tracts of 
 good land, the district generally, par- 
 ticularly towards the Nephin Moun- 
 tains, is wild, bleak, and moorland, 
 exhibiting only here and there, amid 
 the brown heath, a green spot of till- 
 age, effected by the poor tenants, 
 whose necessities compel them to 
 some such exertion. The suburbs of 
 the town are inhabited by very poor 
 persons, who are chiefly dependent on 
 the small and equally poor farmers of 
 the neighbourhood. The interior of 
 the town, however, is neat, and has 
 some pretensions to regularity ; many 
 of the houses are well built, and the 
 place is improving under the care of 
 the Earl of Lucan, the principal pro- 
 prietor. In the square are the county 
 courts, pphlic offices, and promenade, 
 and the main streets are of consider- 
 able length. Under the Assembly 
 Rooms is the Linen Hall; the County 
 Jail is a modern and extensive edifice; 
 and there is a large and commodious 
 Infantry Barrack. The parish church 
 is ornamented by a lofty spire, the 
 Roman Catholic chapel is a substan- 
 tial edifice, and there is a Wesleyan 
 
CAS OF IRELAND. CAS 
 
 Methodist meeting-house. At Castle- 
 bar is the County Infirmary, and the 
 Lunatic Asylum was formerly the 
 Charter School. Nevertheless the 
 town requires many improvements. 
 “Without any adventure worthy of 
 a place in my itinerary,” says the 
 author of Wild Sports of the West, 
 “ I reached in safety the capital of 
 Mayo. From other provincial cities 
 this town is distinguished in having 
 a new drop and an old jail ; a swamp 
 in the centre of the town, surrounded 
 by an iron chain, judiciously placed 
 there, I imagine, to prevent cattle 
 and children being lost in the morass 
 which it environs; a Court-House, 
 with a piazza and faxjade of an original 
 order of architecture, only known to 
 Irish professors of the art of build- 
 ing; trade and manufactures are li- 
 mited to felt hats and poteen whisky, 
 and the only machinery I could dis- 
 cover was the drop aforesaid. I was 
 informed that the chapel and petty 
 sessions are generally crowded, as is 
 the market upon a hanging-day.” This 
 account, however, is a gross carica- 
 ture, and is in some particulars inac- 
 curate. “ Castlebar,” says Mr Inglis, 
 in 1834, “ is not so pretty a town as 
 Westport, but it is a place of greater 
 business, and is a considerably larger 
 and more populous town. There is 
 only one good street in Castlebar, but 
 the town contains many lanes, and 
 has very long bad suburbs of mud 
 cabins. The retail trade is necessar- 
 ily good, for no town of considerable 
 size lies to the north nearer than 
 Ballina, and none to the east nearer 
 than Boyle, a distance of at least forty 
 miles. Castlebar possesses scarcely 
 any direct export trade, but it enjoys a 
 large share of the linen trade of the 
 district — at least three times more 
 linen being sold in this market than 
 in that of Westport; but it must be 
 understood that the linen market of 
 Castlebar includes Ballinrobe, and its 
 neighbourhood. I found great w r ant 
 of employment in the town.” 
 
 Castlebar was formerly a borough 
 town, and returned two members to 
 219 
 
 the Irish Parliament, who were the 
 mere nominees of the Earl of Lucan. 
 At the abolition of this franchise 
 caused by the Union, Richard se- 
 cond Earl received as compensation 
 L.15,000. The Corporation has been 
 long defunct. In addition to the li- 
 nen-trade, there are tan-works and 
 breweries, one of the latter of which is 
 in Market Street. There are Pro- 
 testant and Roman Catholic schools 
 in and near the town, the limits of 
 which extend about a mile round in 
 every direction. The retail trade is 
 considerable ; the weekly sales of grain 
 and other agricultural produce are 
 extensive ; and the fairs are held in 
 May, July, September, and November. 
 The old castle of the De Burghs is 
 already mentioned. During the wars 
 caused by the Rebellion of 1641 this 
 castle was held by Sir Henry Bingham, 
 ancestor of the Earl of Lucan, for the 
 Parliament. It was besieged by Lord 
 Viscount Mayo, and his son, Sir Theo- 
 bald Bourke, leaders of the Confedera- 
 ted Roman Catholics, and Sir Henry 
 surrendered on the condition that he 
 and his garrison were to be conveyed 
 in safety to the next town. The pri- 
 soners were protected three days, but 
 on their arrival at the bridge of 
 Shruel, beyond Ballinrobe, the fury 
 of the victors could not be restrained, 
 and Sir Henry and his soldiers were 
 barbarously massacred. Lord Mayo 
 died before he was called to account 
 for this outrage, but his son and suc- 
 cessor, Sir Theobald Bourke, was tried 
 for it by a special commission in De- 
 cember 1652, and was condemned to 
 be shot, which was carried into exe- 
 cution in January 1653. Towards 
 the end of the Rebellion of 1798 oc- 
 curred the memorable conflict and de- 
 feat, ironically termed the Races of 
 Castlebar. The French, who landed 
 at Killala not more than 1000 strong, 
 completely routed 6000 British troops 
 commanded by Generals Lake and 
 Hutchison. The victors occupied 
 the town about a fortnight, till the 
 surrender of their leader, General 
 Humbert, in September 1798, which 
 
CAS THE GAZETTEER CAS 
 
 terminated that formidable insurrec- 
 tion. The Earl of Lucan’s elegant seat, 
 called the Park , and the villas of the 
 Lawn, Windsor, Hawthorn Lodge, 
 and B realty, ornament the vicinity of 
 Castlebar, the scenery round which is 
 interesting. Population of the town 
 in 1831, 6373 ; of the parish, 1 1,805. 
 
 CASTLE-BELLINGHAM, a vil- 
 lage in the parish of Kilsaran, coun- 
 ty of Louth, on the road from Dub- 
 lin by Drogheda to Dundalk, Newry, 
 and Belfast, about eleven miles from 
 Drogheda. It is a remarkably neat 
 village, in a fertile and well culti- 
 vated district, and in the vicinity is 
 the fine seat of Castle-Bellingham 
 (Bellingham, Bart.) This village is 
 locally celebrated for the excellent ale 
 made in the large brewery. Fairs 
 are held on Easter Tuesday, and on 
 the 10th of October. 
 
 CASTLE-BLAKENEY, a village 
 in the parish of Killasolan, county of 
 Galway, on the road from Ballinasloe 
 to Tuam, about six miles from Ahas- 
 cragh, a mile and a half beyond the 
 little hamlet of Caltragh, and within 
 a mile of the Inn of Glantan. Fairs 
 are held on Whit-Tuesday, and in 
 July and October. 
 
 CASTLE-BLAYNEY, a thriving, 
 regularly built, and remarkably plea- 
 sant town in the Barony of Cremorne, 
 county of Monaghan. It is on the 
 mail road from Dublin to London- 
 derry by Ashbourne, Slane, Drumcon- 
 ra, and Carrickmacross, from the last 
 of which places it is distant about ten 
 miles, and upwards of eleven miles 
 from Monaghan. It contains a neat 
 parish church, a large Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a Presbyterian meeting-house, 
 a good market house, and an excel- 
 lent inn. Fairs are held on the first 
 Wednesday of every month. In the 
 neighbourhood is the commodious 
 mansion of Castle-Blayney, amid fine 
 plantations, the seat of Lord Blayney, 
 the proprietor of the village, to w hom 
 it is indebted for most of its im- 
 provements. The Noble Family of 
 Blaney, said to be descended from 
 Cadwallader, King of Britain, were 
 2-20 
 
 ennobled in the person of Edward 
 Blayney, w’ho served in the Low Coun- 
 tries in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 and afterwards accompanied the Earl 
 of Essex to Ireland. He was created 
 Baron Blayney of Monaghan by 
 King James I. in 1621. Their alleged 
 ancient Welsh descent has been cu- 
 riously maintained by the Christian 
 name of several of the successors 
 of the first Lord, the seventh, ninth, 
 tenth, and twelfth Barons having 
 been each named Cad walla der-Da vis. 
 The demesne of Castle-Blayney com- 
 prises the whole of the beautiful 
 Lough Mackno, full of pretty islets, 
 and surrounded by rich foliage. On 
 one of these islets are the ruins of 
 an ancient fortress. A small stream 
 from Lough Mackno enters a smaller 
 lake, called Lough Ross, which dis- 
 charges itself into the Fane river. 
 Bogs and marshes considerably inter- 
 sect the country round Castle-Blay- 
 ney. Population in 1831, 1828. 
 
 CASTLEBRACK, a parish, vicar- 
 age, and village, in the Barony of 
 Tinnehinch, Queen’s County, and 
 Diocese of Kildare. Population in 
 1831, 1055. Post-town, Mountmellick. 
 
 CASTLEBOY, or Castle-Buy, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Ardes, county of Down, and Diocese 
 of Down and Connor, extending along 
 Strangford Lough. A commandery of 
 St John the Baptist was founded, in 
 this quarter, by Hugh de Lacy dur- 
 ing the 12th century. 
 
 CASTLEBRIDGE, a thriving vil- 
 lage in the parish of Ardcolme, county 
 of Wexford, on an arm of the sea 
 which stretches past Ferry Carrig, 
 an ancient castle on a rocky precipice. 
 This ann of the sea rims up to the 
 village from the town of Wexford, 
 which is about three miles distant. 
 The rivulet Sow enters the bay 
 through the beautiful grounds of the 
 fine demesne of Artramont, and be- 
 tween Ferry Carrig and the village is 
 the demesne of Saunders Grove, the 
 seat of the Earl of Arran. 
 
 CASTLE- CARBERY, a small vil- 
 lage five miles from Johnstown, on 
 
CAS OF IRELAND. CAS 
 
 the road from Enfield to Edenderry. 
 Here are the ruins of Castle- Carbery 
 on the summit of a beautiful verdant 
 hill ; and near the hamlet is Newberry, 
 formerly a seat of Lord Harberton, 
 the demesne of which is traversed by 
 the Boyne river, here a small stream, 
 issuing from the Bog of Allen. 
 
 CASTLE-CARGIN, a small village 
 in the parish of Kiltubrid, county of 
 Leitrim. Fairs are held in January, 
 June, and August. 
 
 CASTLE-CAULFIELD, a village 
 in the parish of Dungannon, county 
 of Tyrone, the castle of which was 
 demolished by the Irish in 1641 . This 
 castle owes its erection to Sir Toby 
 Caulfield, the first Lord Charlemont, 
 who began it in 1614. In this castle 
 his grand-nephew Toby, the third 
 Lord Caulfield, was treacherously sur- 
 prised and murdered by Sir Phelim 
 O’Neill. This ferocious chief tore 
 off the seal from a royal patent which 
 he had accidentally found, and affixed 
 it to a spurious commission, autho- 
 rizing him to commit this and other 
 deeds of cruelty. This was long a 
 subject of obloquy against Charles I., 
 w'ho was vilely traduced for O’Neill’s 
 : crimes. Fairs are held at Castle- 
 Canlfield in February, March, June, 
 
 { August, September, and December. 
 
 I See Ballydoxnelly. 
 
 CASTLECOM, a village in the 
 parish of Nobber, county of Meath. 
 
 CASTLECOMER, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Fassadinnig, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory, 13 miles from Athy, 
 
 , on the road to Kilkenny. The town 
 j is neat, clean, and well built, and con- 
 sists chiefly of one broad street, on 
 each side of which is a row of trees. 
 The parish church, a neat edifice, 
 crowns an adjacent hill, and in the 
 town are a large Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a Market or Court House, an 
 Infantry Barracks, and other public 
 buildings. The town has a consider- 
 able trade in grain and agricultural 
 produce, and an extensive coalery is 
 in operation about two miles distant. 
 The Countess of Ormond did much 
 221 
 
 to improve the condition of the poor 
 of Castle comer, by encouraging every 
 species of industry ; and the farther 
 efforts of the Hon. C. H. Wandesford 
 have been aided by the wealthy inha- 
 bitants of the town and neighbour- 
 hood. In consequence of these exer- 
 tions, few scenes of appalling misery 
 are comparatively to be seen in 
 Castlecomer. The Dinane stream 
 traverses the grounds of the adjacent 
 demesne, in which are beautiful plan- 
 tations. The weekly markets are 
 well attended, and a few fairs are held 
 during the year. Population of the 
 town in 1831 , 2436 ; of the parish, 
 13,242. 
 
 CASTLE-CONNELL, or Strad- I 
 bally, a parish, rectory and vicarage, ! 
 and small town, in the Barony of ! 
 Clanwilliam, county of Limerick, ! 
 and Diocese of Killaloe, on the river 
 Shannon, which in this part of its J 
 course for upwards of a fourth of a 
 mile is almost a cataract. The river \ 
 above the rapids is 300 yards wide, 
 and in many parts 40 feet deep ; 
 Inuring itself through vast masses of 
 immense stones and rocks extending 
 nearly half-a^mile, forming a scene of 
 great grandeur. The rural village of 
 Castle-Connell is seven miles from 
 Limerick. It is a favourite summer 
 resort of the inhabitants of that city, | 
 and a Sunday and holiday lounge of ] 
 the working classes. Here is a chaly- 
 beate spring in great local repute. 
 
 The village is a long, straggling 
 place, consisting of villas, cottages, 
 lodging-houses, taverns, and cabins. 
 u It is impossible, ” says Mr Inglis, 
 
 “ to ascend by water from Limerick 
 to Castle-Connell, owing to the rapids 
 which intervene, but the road, though 
 not running close to the river, com- 
 mands its banks, and carries the tra- 
 veller through as lovely a country as 
 the imagination can well picture. — 
 Many fine seats lie on the left of the 
 road towards the river, particularly ! 
 Mount Shannon, the residence, at j 
 least the property, of the Earl of i 
 Clare; and glimpses are also cuught | 
 of several domains and villas, among [ 
 
CAS 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 CAS 
 
 others those belonging to the nume- 
 rous family of Massy. On reaching 
 the village, my first feeling was ad- 
 miration ; my next was surprise, that 
 I should never before have heard of 
 Castle-Connell. It is surrounded by 
 every kind of beauty — a village of 
 neat, clean, country houses situated 
 close to the Shannon, and backed and 
 flanked by noble domains and fine 
 spreading woods. Just below the 
 village commence the rapids of the 
 Shannon. — I went as far as a holy 
 well, dedicated to St Senanus. Judg- 
 ing from what I saw it must be in 
 great repute, for hundreds of little 
 wooden vessels lay heaped in and 
 above it, the offerings of those who 
 had come to drink; and the trees that 
 overshadowed the well were entirely 
 covered with shreds of all colours — 
 bits and clippings of gowns, handker- 
 chiefs, and petticoats — remembrances 
 also of those who drank. The rapids 
 of Castle-Connell, although they in- 
 terrupt the river navigation, are not 
 allowed to impede the wster com- 
 munication between the Upper Shan- 
 non and Limerick, a canal being cut 
 from the city to a point in the Shan- 
 non, about a mile and a half above 
 the village.” In the Second Report 
 of the Commissioners for the Im- 
 provement of the Shannon, the sum 
 of L.7600 is specified to be expended 
 at Castle-Connell; and at O’Brien’s 
 Bridge, long a rude old structure of 
 thirteen arches ; the Parteen Rapids, 
 and other shoals, upwards of two miles 
 farther up, an additional sum of 
 L.4000. 
 
 At Castle-Connell are the ruins of 
 an old castle, rising on a detached 
 rock^ once the seat of the O’Briens, 
 Kings of Munster. In this castle the 
 grandson of the celebrated Brien 
 Boromhe was treacherously murder- 
 ed by the Prince of Thomond. At 
 the arrival of the English it is said 
 that it was granted to Richard dc 
 Burgh, known as the Red Knight, 
 and in the reign of Elizabeth one of 
 this family was created Baron of 
 Castle-Connell. The castle was 
 
 o>>> 
 
 strongly garrisoned for James II. in 
 1689, but it was surrendered to the 
 Prince of Hesse, who was sent against 
 it by General Ginckel at the head of 
 700 men. It was soon afterwards 
 purposely dismantled. Population in 
 1831, 1313 ; of parish, 5616. 
 
 CASTLE- CONNOR, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Tyreragh, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe, on the river Moy. Here is a 
 curious large mound, containing se- 
 veral regularly-formed apartments. 
 Population in 1831, 4507. 
 
 CASTLE- CONWAY, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of 
 Truglianackmy, on the Lane or Lune 
 river. This parish is also called Kil- 
 lorglin. See Killorglin. 
 
 CASTLE-COOL, the magnificent 
 seat of the Earl of Belmore, about a 
 mile from Enniskillen, is considered 
 to be the most splendid private resi- 
 dence in Ireland. This grand man- 
 sion, which is in the Grecian style of 
 architecture, was designed by Wyatt, 
 and cost upwards of L. 200, 000. The 
 principal front consists of a fine Do- 
 ric portico, connected with the wings 
 by colonnades, the whole built of 
 Portland stone. In the spacious de- 
 mesne are three lakes, and its exteut, 
 surface, and woods, are in unison with 
 the mansion. “One of the most fi- 
 nished domains in Ireland,” says Mr 
 Inglis, “ or I might say in the British 
 Dominions, is Castle- Cool. It con- 
 tains within an extraordinary variety 
 of fine scenery. The disposition of 
 wood, water, and lawn, is as near per- 
 fection as cau be produced by the 
 union of art and nature. The beech 
 and oak trees, every where scattered 
 over the park, are of the most gigantic 
 dimensions, and there is a beautiful 
 specimen of close sylvau scenery 
 where the game is preserved. The 
 interior of the mansion is equally 
 magnificent with its exterior, and 
 splendid mirrors, porphyry pilasters, 
 and inlaid doors, remind oue of the 
 palaces and churches of Italy and 
 Spain.” 
 
 CASTLE-COR, or Castlf.-Corith, 
 
CAS OF IRELAND. CAS 
 
 a village in the parish of Kilbrin, 
 county of Cork, near which are a 
 splendid castellated mansion so call- 
 ed, the ruins of the church of Kil- 
 brin, and the remains of an ancient 
 abbey. Post-town, Buttevant. 
 
 CASTLE-COR, or Kilbrady, a 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Demifore, county of Meath, Barony 
 of Clonmahon, county of Cavan, Dio- 
 cese of Meath, annexed to the vicarage 
 of Oldcastle. See Kilbrady or Kil- 
 bride. 
 
 CASTLE-CUFFE, a village in the 
 parish of Kilmanman, Queen’s County. 
 Here are the ruins of a large castle, 
 begun by Sir Charles Coote in 1641, 
 and called Castle-Cuffe in honour of 
 the maiden name of Lady Coote. It 
 was burnt by the rebels before it was 
 completed, and was never afterwards 
 repaired. The country in this quar- 
 ter is bleak, boggy, flat, and uninte- 
 resting, though varied by the verdant 
 slopes of the Slievebloom-Mountains. 
 In the vicinity of the village is the 
 fine residence of Brittas. The post- 
 town of Clonaslie is in the immediate 
 neighbourhood. Castle-Cuffe gives 
 the title of Viscount to the Earl of 
 Desart. 
 
 CASTLE-DAWSON, a village in 
 the parish of Magherafelt, county of 
 Londonderry, on the road from the 
 town of Magherafelt to Maghere, at 
 which is the fine demesne of Castle- 
 Dawson, in 1841 the seat of the Right 
 Hon. George Robert Dawson, the 
 brother-in-law of Sir Robert Peel, 
 Bart. The village is on the banks of 
 the Mayowla river, which falls into 
 Lough Neagh two miles below. Here 
 is a Presbyterian meeting-house, and 
 fairs are held on the last Saturday of 
 each month, and also on the 1st of 
 January, the 12th of April, the 1st of 
 June, and the 1st of August. The 
 inhabitants of this village and neigh- 
 bourhood are almost entirely engaged 
 in the linen manufacture. 
 
 CASTLEDERG, a village and per- 
 petual curacy in the Barony of 
 Omagh, county of Tyrone, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh. Here is a Fres- 
 223 
 
 byterian meeting-house, and fairs arc 
 held on the first Friday of every 
 month. 
 
 CASTLE-DERMOT, a parish, vi- 
 carage, and post-town, in the Barony 
 of Kilkea and Moone, county of Kil- 
 dare, and Archdiocese of Dublin, on 
 the banks of a small stream which 
 enters the Barrow a few miles below 
 Carlow. The town of Castle- Der- 
 mot is about six miles from Carlow, 
 on the road from that place to Balli- 
 tore, Kilcullen, and Naas, and in 
 former times was of considerable im- 
 portance. It was the residence of 
 the Kings of Munster, and it is said 
 that Parliaments have been held in 
 this town, at one of which, in 1499, a 
 law was enacted, ordering the no ; 
 bility and other persons of rank to 
 adopt the use of saddles when riding, 
 Castle-Dermot was in ancient times 
 fortified, and near the site of the en- 
 trance, known as Carlow Gate, are 
 the ruins, well worthy of notice, of 
 the Franciscan Abbey, founded by 
 Gerald Earl of Kildare. A Priory is 
 said to have been erected here about 
 the commencement of the sixth cen-* 
 tury by St Dermot or Diarmid, in 
 which St Cormac, Bishop of Cashel, 
 was interred, A.D. 907. Adjoining 
 the parish church is an ancient pillar - 
 tower, and some good specimens of 
 antique crosses and other monuments 
 still remain. The town contains a 
 Roman Catholic chapel and a Quak- 
 ers’ meeting-house. The first Pro- 
 testant charter school in Ireland was 
 established in this place. Population 
 of the town in 1831, 1385; of the pa- 
 rish, 3684. 
 
 CASTLE-DILLON, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of South Salt, 
 county of Kildare, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, on the river Liffey, annex- 
 ed to Celbridge, Donaghmore and 
 other parishes. 
 
 CASTLE-ELLIS, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831, 1750. 
 Post-town, Oulart. 
 
 CASTLE-FINN, a village in the 
 
CAS THE GAZETTEER CAS 
 
 parish of Donaghmore, county of 
 Donegal. Fairs are held here in Ja- 
 nuary, February, April, June, August, 
 October, November, and December. 
 This village is on the banks of the 
 Finn, which is navigable to the Foyle, 
 and is reached by the tide. It is five 
 miles from Strabane, and six miles 
 from Stranorlar. 
 
 CASTLE-FORWARD, a village in 
 the county of Donegal, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of the city of Londonderry. 
 
 CASTLEHAVEN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 West Carbery, county of Cork, and 
 annexed Diocese of Ross, extending 
 along the narrow arm of the sea call- 
 ed Castlehaven Harbour. At the 
 mouth of this harbour is an island 
 of considerable extent, which forms 
 a breakwater. On the coast are 
 many bold rocky projections. Gal- 
 leon Point, on the east of the har- 
 bour, is so named from some Spanish 
 galleys or galleons, sunk here by Sir 
 Richard Levison in 1602, after the 
 sea-fight between him and Don Pedro 
 Zuibar off the coast. The village of 
 Castlehaven is picturesquely situated, 
 commanding a view of the venerable 
 castle which guards the entrance of 
 the harbour. The other villages are 
 Adrigole, Tracarten, and the hamlet 
 of Horse Island. Population in 1831, 
 5619. Post-town, Skibbereen. 
 
 CASTLE-HYDE, a village in the 
 parish of Litter, county of Cork, in 
 the neighbourhood of Fermoy, near 
 which, on the Blackwater, is the fine 
 residence of Castle-Hyde, surrounded 
 by extensive pleasure-grounds and 
 plantations. Adjoining is the man- 
 sion of Cregg, and the surrounding 
 district is remarkably pleasant, and 
 varied in its scenery. 
 
 CASTLE-ISLAND, a parish, rec- 
 tory, and small town, in the Barony 
 of Trughanackmy, county of Kerry, 
 and annexed Diocese of Ardfert and 
 Aghadoe. The town of Castle- 
 Island, formerly one of the principal 
 places in Kerry, is situated at the 
 head of the fine and fertile valley of 
 Tralee, about eleven miles from 
 224 
 
 Abbeyfeale, and twelve miles from 
 Killarney. It has been long a poor 
 place, but now exhibits some indica- 
 tions of revival. Though near Tra- 
 lee, it is conveniently situated for 
 retail trade, and is the first stage from 
 Killarney to Limerick. Several 
 streams unite a short distance below 
 the town, and form the head of the 
 river which falls into the Bay at 
 Castle-Maine. A part of the castle, 
 erected by Geoffrey de Maurice, Lord 
 Justice of Ireland, still remains. This 
 fortress was frequently the object of 
 violent contentions, and the scene of 
 many a barbarous crime. In it 
 Gerald Earl of Desmond, commonly 
 called the Poet , was murdered. The 
 town contains the parish church, a 
 Roman Catholic chapel, a Sessions 
 House, two good inns, and had once 
 a w r ell endowed Protestant charter 
 school. Adjoining are the properties 
 of the six holders of the seigniory, 
 who lease portions of the estate of 
 the Earl of Powis. The patronage 
 of the valuable benefice of Castle- 
 Island belongs to these lessees of the 
 seigniory. Population in 1831, 1570; 
 of the parish, 6161. 
 
 CASTLE-ISLAND, an island in 
 Lough I£ey, the largest lake in the 
 county of Roscommon, on which is 
 M‘Dermot’s castle, repaired and ha- 
 bitable. 
 
 CASTLE-JORDAN, a parish and 
 curacy, partly in the Baronies of 
 Warrenstown and Coolestown, King’s 
 County, and in the Barony of Moy- 
 fenragh, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 situated on the Yellow River. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3536. Post-town, Eden- 
 derry. 
 
 CASTLE-KNOCK, a Barony on 
 the north-west of the city of Dublin, 
 in the county of Dublin, containing 
 part of the town of Chapel-Tzod. 
 
 CASTLEKNOCK, a parish, pre- 
 bend and vicarage, and village, in the 
 Barony of its name. The village is 
 four miles from the city of Dublin, 
 near the road to Clonee and Navan, 
 passing the northern boundary of the 
 Phoenix Park. Its parish church, 
 
CAS OF IRELAND. CAS 
 
 castle, and moat, form a very inte- 
 resting group. The castle, in ruins, 
 is on the summit of a low conical hill 
 overlooking the village, and was 
 erected by the Tyrrel family, who are 
 said to have founded an Augustinian 
 Abbey in the vicinity. There are 
 several schools, and a classical school 
 of considerable repute. Population 
 in 1831, 4251. 
 
 CASTLELOST,orCASTT.E-CLOSTY, 
 a parish and rectory, in the Barony 
 of Fartullagh, county of Westmeath, 
 and Diocese of Meath. The parish 
 church is an excellent edifice. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1909. See Rochfort- 
 Bridge. 
 
 CASTLE- LYONS, a parish and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Barry- 
 more, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. The small town of Castle- 
 Lyons is situated on the Bride, which 
 here traverses a beautiful and fertile 
 valley, and contains a neat parish 
 church, in the cemetery of which is 
 the funeral vault of the Barrymore 
 family, formerly the principal pro- 
 prietors of the district. The once 
 splendid but now ruined mansion of 
 the former Earls* of Barrymore occu- 
 pies the site of O’Lehan’s castle, sup- 
 posed to have been built about 1 1 14. 
 A Franciscan friary, founded in the 
 14th century by John de Barry, was 
 granted at the dissolution of the mo- 
 nasteries to the Earl of Cork, who 
 presented it to his daughter, Lady 
 Barrymore, as glove and pin money. 
 Several fairs are held during the 
 year, and the linen manufacture is ex- 
 tensively carried on, the situation of 
 the town being well adapted for that 
 trade. Population of village, 689 ; of 
 parish, 5647. 
 
 CASTLE-MACADAM, a parish 
 and rectory, in the Barony of Ark- 
 low', county of Wicklow, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin, situated in the 
 beautiful vale of the Avoca. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 5155. Post-town, Rath- 
 drum. 
 
 CASTLE-MAGNER, a parish and 
 J vicarage, in the Barony of Duhallow, 
 and also in the united Baronies of 
 225 
 
 Orrery and Kilmore, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne. It derives 
 its name from Richard Magner, to 
 whom the castle belonged in 1641. 
 Cromwell, when at Clomnell, was 
 visited some years afterwards by this 
 gentleman, but the Protector was told 
 that he was a disaffected person, and 
 resolved, in his usual unscrupulous 
 way, to get rid of him. He dismissed 
 him with a letter to Colonel Phane, 
 Governor of Cork, in which was an 
 order to hang the bearer. Magner 
 also suspected Cromwell, and before 
 he left Clonmel he broke the seal, and 
 the order for his execution. He re- 
 sealed the letter, and proceeded to 
 Mallow, the commanding officer at 
 which was his bitter enemy. He gave 
 the letter to this officer, and told him 
 to present it to Colonel Phane, which 
 he did, and narrowly escaped being 
 hanged by this ingenious manoeuvre. 
 Population in 1831, 2853. 
 
 CASTLEMAINE, a small market- 
 town in the parish of Kittala, county 
 of Kerry, near the junction of the 
 river Maine with the sea in the Bay 
 of Castlemaine, composed of two 
 rivers, one of which is the Flesk, but 
 not the Killarney river so called. 
 The town of Castlemaine, and the 
 village of Milltown, a mile distant 
 inland, are on the road to Cahirciveen 
 and Valentia. The river is navigable 
 as far as Milltown for vessels of 50 
 tons. A little import trade is carried 
 on. “The stream at Castlemaine,” 
 says the author of the Sportsman in 
 Ireland, “ is sluggish, but there will 
 be found excellent fishing for white 
 trout and the common trout. There 
 is also in abundance in the river what 
 is called the lob trout. Here they 
 become large, and indeed I found 
 them quite three pounds in the tide- 
 way. Although the accommodation 
 is not very good, yet a station might 
 be made for shooting at Castlemaine 
 during the winter. The entrance to 
 the bay is safe, and the shores of easy 
 access. It is crowded with every 
 variety of sea fowl, while the neigh- 
 bouring mountains afford continual 
 
CAS THE GAZETTEER CAS 
 
 amusement in an undisturbed stock 
 of grouse. I say undisturbed , for I 
 believe they are seldom shot over. 
 The only sportsman I could discover 
 resident at Castlemaine was the ex- 
 ciseman. From him I learned, and 
 he affected to make a considerable 
 favour of the communication, that 
 there was abundance of grouse on the 
 hills. On inquiry cf my landlord I 
 found that he was not deceiving me, 
 for, having abandoned his rule , like 
 a bold exciseman , on the first day of 
 the season (a day not very scrupulous- 
 ly regarded), he had produced at 
 Castlemaine more than thirty head of 
 grouse. They are not esteemed by 
 the residents, and there are no means 
 of sending them to the other side of 
 the Island.” The castle was erected 
 at the joint expense of MacCarthy 
 More and the Earl of Desmond, as a 
 frontier defence to be held by each in 
 turn, but Desmond thought proper to 
 break faith w'hen it was his rotation 
 of possession. It was garrisoned by 
 the Irish in the wars of 1641, and de- 
 molished by Ludlow. This little 
 town and locality formerly gave the 
 title of Viscount to the family of 
 Monson, afterwards that of Earl to 
 the husband of the notorious Duchess 
 of Cleveland, and now that of Baron 
 to the family of Handcock, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, so created in 1812. 
 Population in 1831, 387. 
 
 CASTLEMARTYR, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, and small town, in 
 the Barony of Imokilly, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on the 
 river Phoenix. The town was for- 
 merly called Ballymartyr, and be- 
 longed to the Fitzgeralds, who were 
 styled Seneschals of Imokilly. By the 
 influence of the first Earl of Orrery 
 the town was incorporated in 1663, 
 but it is now disfranchised. The 
 town is neat and clean, and is greatly 
 indebted for its improved appearance 
 to its vicinity to the splendid demesne 
 of the Earl of Shannon. The ruins 
 of the old castle are within the plea- 
 sure-grounds, and the rivulet Drower, 
 noted for its subterraneous course, 
 226 
 
 runs through the deer park, which 
 extends on the upland road leading to 
 Tallow. There is a charter school 
 in the town. This village-borough 
 formerly returned two members to 
 the Irish Parliament, for which Rich- 
 ard second Earl of Shannon received 
 the sum of L. 15,000 at the Union by 
 way of compensation. Population in 
 1831, 830. 
 
 CASTLEMORE, a parochial cha- 
 pelry in the parish of Fennagh, county 
 of Carlow. 
 
 CASTLEMORE, a parish and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Costello, 
 county of Mayo, and annexed Diocese 
 of Achonry, in which are the ruins of 
 Dillon’s Castle. Population in 1831, 
 3094. 
 
 CASTLE-PLUNKET, a village in 
 the parish of Baslick, county of Ros- 
 common. It consists of a series of 
 mean-looking cabins, in one con- 
 tinued street on a gentle slope. The 
 vicinity is generally hare of trees, but 
 the woods of the residence of Milltown 
 vary the surface. 
 
 CASTLE-POLLARD, a parish, vi- 
 carage, and small to\vn, in the Barony 
 of Dennfore, county of Westmeath, 
 and Diocese of Meath. It contains 
 an inn, posting establishments, and a 
 very nekt parish church. The plan- 
 tations of the adjoining residence of 
 Kinturk add greatly to the pictur- 
 esque appearance of the town. Seve- 
 ral fairs are held. Population of the 
 town in 1831, 1618. 
 
 C A STLERAGHAN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 its name, in the county of Cavan, and 
 Diocese of Kilmore. Population in 
 1831, 4836. 
 
 CASTLERAGHAN, one of the 
 eight Baronies into which the county 
 of Cavan is divided. It adjoins that 
 of Clonmoghan, in the southern part 
 of the county, and contains the small 
 towns of Ballyjamesduff and Virginia. 
 
 CASTLERE A, a small town in the 
 parish of Kilkeevan, county of Ros- 
 common. It principally consists of 
 one long straggling street, watered 
 by different branches of the Suck 
 
CAS OF IRELAND. CAS 
 
 river, which again unite below the 
 town. Here are a small brewery, dis- 
 tillery, and tan-yard ; but it has little 
 trade of any kind. Four annual fairs 
 are held, and there are weekly mar- 
 kets. Formerly considerable quanti- 
 ties of linen yarn were sold in Castle- 
 rea. Here are several schools, and 
 a taste for literature is said to prevail 
 in the district. In the vicinity are num- 
 bers of neat cottages and villas. The 
 eastern branch of the Suck is crossed 
 by a bridge of five arches, across a 
 water-way of about 36 yards, and 
 another bridge is thrown over a deep 
 hollow. The entrance gate into Lord 
 Mount- Sandford’s fine demesne leads 
 directly from the market place. The 
 estates of this Nobleman in this quar- 
 ter comprise 19,250 statute acres. 
 Strangers are very liberally admitted 
 to inspect the beauties of his Lord- 
 ship’s pleasure-grounds. Altogether 
 Castlerea is a very neat, pleasant, and 
 agreeable little town, exhibiting less 
 poverty than other towns in the 
 county. Population in 1831, 1172. 
 
 CASTLEREAGH, the largest Ba- 
 rony of the county of Down, com- 
 prises seventeen parishes. It forms 
 the north-east and north of the coun- 
 ty between Lough Strangford and 
 the county of Antrim, and contains 
 the towns of Comber, Holywood, 
 Saintfield, and Ballymacarratt, the 
 last mentioned being the eastern 
 suburb of Belfast, and included within 
 the Parliamentary Burgh. Through- 
 out the Barony, which is remarkably 
 populous, are numerous villages and 
 hamlets, and many fine mansions and 
 country seats. The village of Castle- 
 reagh, at which fairs are held on the 
 5th of July, the 26th of October, and 
 the 20th of November, is the head of 
 the manor, and is the seat of the 
 court of the Marquis of Downshire’s 
 seneschal. The Barony gives the 
 title of Viscount, in the Peerage of 
 Ireland, to the Marquis of London- 
 derry. 
 
 CASTLERICKARD, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Upper Moy- 
 fenragh, and in the Barony of Car- 
 227 
 
 bery, counties of Meath and Kildare, 
 and Diocese of Meath, extending on a 
 stream called the Blackwater. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 554. Post-town, Clo- 
 nard. 
 
 CASTLE-ROBERTS, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Lower Connello, county and Dio- 
 cese of Limerick, adjoining the Shan- 
 non, and including the islands of 
 Foyne and Aghenish in that river. 
 Population in 1831, 1794. Post-town, 
 Adair. 
 
 CASTLE-SALLAGH, a village in 
 the parish of Donaghmore, county of 
 Wicklow. 
 
 CASTLE-SHANE, a village in the 
 parish of Monaghan. Fairs are held 
 here on the 21st of May, 21st of June, 
 21st of July, 12th of August, and 15th 
 of December. 
 
 CASTLE-STUART, or Stuart- 
 Hall, near Stuartstown, county of 
 Tyrone, gives the title of Earl and 
 Viscount, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to a branch of the Royal House of 
 Stuart, descended from Robert the 
 third legitimate son of Robert II. 
 King of Scotland. Andrew Stuart, 
 third Lord Ochiltree in Scotland, was 
 created Baron of Castle-Stuart in Ire- 
 land, in 1619. Andrew, sixth Lord, 
 was advanced to the dignity of Vis- 
 count in 1793, and Earl of Castle- 
 Stuart in 1800. 
 
 CASTLE-TERRA, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Loughtee, county of Cavan, and Dio- 
 cese of Kilmore. Population in 1831, 
 6502. Post-town, Cavan. 
 
 CASTLETIMON, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Arklow, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, annexed to Dunganstown. 
 Post-town, Newtown -Market -Ken- 
 nedy. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, a pleasant and 
 picturesque village two miles from 
 Mountrath, in the Queen’s County, 
 on the banks of the Nore. The cot- 
 tages are remarkably neat, and the 
 rural aspect of the place is increased 
 by the corn-mills in the vicinity. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, formerly Bere - 
 
CAS THE GAZETTEER CAS 
 
 haven , a village in the county of Coi’k, 
 on the coast, about 16 miles below 
 GlengarifF. It is a place of little im- 
 portance, and seldom visited. On 
 the shore, opposite Bear Island, are 
 the remains of the Castle of Dunboy, 
 taken by Sir George Carey in 1602. 
 See Berehaven. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, a village about 
 four miles northward of Kilbeggan, 
 near the boggy tract which extends 
 round the shores of Lough Ennel in 
 Westmeath. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, a village, or 
 rather a mere assemblage of huts, on 
 the Longford side of the Shannon, 
 opposite Tarmonbarry, in Roscom- 
 mon. The river is here crossed by 
 two bridges. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, a parish and rec- 
 tory annexed to the vicarage of Dun- 
 dalk, county of Louth, and Archdio- 
 cese of Armagh, watered by the Cas- 
 tletown stream. Its old castle was 
 sacked by Edward Bruce and the 
 Scots in 1318. The village is small. 
 Population in 1831, 838. Post-town, 
 Dundalk. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Upper Connello, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly. Population in 1831, 9598. Post- 
 town, Charleville. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, a stream in the 
 county of Louth, which enters a small 
 inlet of the bay, at the head of which 
 the town of Dundalk is situated. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Athboy, county of Meath. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Kilne- 
 managh, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Emly. Population in 1831, 
 2790. Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 CASTLETOWN-aRRA, a parish 
 in the united Baronies of Owney and 
 Arra, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe, extending on the 
 Shannon. Population in 1831, 4110. 
 Post-town, Nenagh. 
 
 CASTLETOWN-DELVIN, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Delvin, county of Westmeath, and 
 Diocese of Meath. The village of its 
 228 
 
 name is picturesque, situated near 
 Clonyn, the seat and demesne of the 
 Marquis of Westmeath, about seven 
 miles from Athboy. The plantations 
 of the demesne of Mitchelston also 
 extend to the village. Fairs are held 
 in August and December. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4513. 
 
 CASTLETOWN-ELY, a parish in 
 the Barony of Clonlisk, King’s Coun- 
 ty, and Diocese of Killaloe. Post- 
 
 towm, Moneygall. 
 
 CASTLETOWN-KINDELAN, a 
 
 parish, rectory, and village, in the 
 Barony of Moycashel, county of West- 
 meath, and Diocese of Meath. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 4052. Post-town, 
 Kilbeggan. 
 
 CASTLETOWN-ROCHE, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, and small 
 
 town, in the Barony of Fermoy, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. The 
 town is pleasantly situated on the 
 Awbeg, a short distance above its 
 junction with the Blackwater. Here 
 is the old castle of the Roche family, 
 now Castle-Wodenham. In 1649 the 
 Lady of Lord Roche made a spirited 
 resistance against the Parliamentary 
 army. Fairs are held in the town in 
 May, July, September, and December. 
 Near Castle to wn-Roche are the resi- 
 deuces of Renny, Kilcummer, Glena- 
 nor, and Ann’3 Grove. The small 
 town of Castleto wn-Roche is interest- 
 ing as the residence for five years of 
 Edmund Burke when a boy, and 
 w here he acquired all which the vil- 
 lage schoolmaster could teach. The 
 great-grandfather of this distinguish- 
 ed man had retired after 1641 to a 
 small estate which still remained to 
 him near the town, at which his 
 grandfather and father continued to 
 reside, and his mother was a lady 
 named Nagle, of a respectable family 
 in the neighbourhood. From Castle- 
 town-Roche he was removed to Dub- 
 lin. Population in 1831, 1095 ; of pa- 
 rish, 3648. 
 
 CASTLE-TOWNSEND, a small 
 town in the parish of Castlehaven, 
 county of Cork. It is a neat and re- 
 spectable place, finely situated on the 
 
CAS OF IRELAND. CAV 
 
 narrow inlet of Castletown harbour, 
 and is a favourite sea-bathing resort. 
 This town may be said to have been 
 founded by Richard Townsend, Esq., 
 formerly a Commissioner of Customs, 
 and M.P. for the county. There are 
 several ornamental cottages, and the 
 place has the advantage of an excel- 
 lent fish market. “ Castle-Towns- 
 end,” says an observer, “is a small 
 and very picturesque village, of a 
 totally different character from that 
 of any other in the south-west of the 
 county. It is surrounded by fine 
 trees, and is adjacent to the beautiful 
 demesne of Townsend. Built on the 
 margin of a tranquil bay, of depth for 
 vessels drawing ten feet, and without 
 any of the coarse features of petty 
 trade, it invites by its air of tranquil- 
 lity, quiet, and retirement. It has 
 the Custom-House for the port of 
 Baltimore, and is a Coast Guard Sta- 
 tion.” 
 
 CASTLE-VENTRY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 East Carbery, and also in the Barony 
 of Ibawne and Barryroe, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Ross. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 2474. Post-town, Clornu 
 kelty. See Barryroe and Carbery. 
 
 CA8TLE-WELLAN, a neat little 
 town in the parish of Kilmegan, 
 county of Down, on the road from 
 Newry to Downpatrick and Strang- 
 ford . The beautiful dem esne of Castle- 
 Wellan, the seat of the Earl of Annes- 
 ley, is at the base of the hill of Slieve- 
 na-lat, in the vicinity of the town, and 
 comprises the natural sheet of water 
 called Lough Wellan. Opposite his 
 Lordship’s demesne are the villas 
 of Annsborough, Woodlawn, Wood 
 Lodge, and Woodhouse; and farther 
 inland Bally will will, and Tollymore 
 Park, the latter the seat of the Earl 
 of Roden. Fairs are held in the town 
 on the 1st of February, May, June, 
 and September, and on the second 
 Monday of every alternate month. 
 
 CASTROPETER, a parish, pre- 
 bendal rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Coolestown, King’s County, 
 and Diocese of Kildare. A monas- 
 229 
 
 tery for Franciscans was founded here 
 by Sir John Bermingham in 1375. It 
 seems to have been an edifice of 
 some strength, as it was taken after a 
 very obstinate defence by the Earl of 
 Surrey in 1521, then Lord Lieutenant. 
 Population in 1831, 4009. Post-town, 
 Edenderry. See Edenderry. 
 
 CAULFIELD. See Castle-Caul- 
 field. 
 
 CAVAN, the most southern coun- 
 ty of the Province of Ulster, is bound- 
 ed on the north and north-east by 
 Fermanagh and Monaghan; on the 
 south-east and south by Meath, and a 
 part of Westmeath and Longford; 
 and on the west by Leitrim. The 
 length is commonly stated to be 51 
 English miles from south-east to 
 north-west; its breadth from north 
 to south, 28 English miles, compris- 
 ing an area of 600 square miles, or 
 384,181 statute acres. Another state- 
 ment gives a surface of 473,449 acres. 
 The county is divided into eight 
 Baronies, viz. 1. Tullafchnw, includ- 
 ing the mountainous district on the 
 north-west; 2. Tullaghonoho, on the 
 south-west, in which is the town of 
 Killeshrandra ; 3. Clonmoghan ; 4. 
 Castleraghan, both in the south part 
 of the county; 5. Clonchec, on the 
 east, in which are the towns of Bailie- 
 borough and Kingscourt ; 6. Tullagh- 
 garvey, on the north-east, containing 
 the thriving town of Cootehill ; 7. 1 
 Upper Loughtee, on the north, in 
 which is Belturbet; and, 8. Lower 
 Loughtee, in the centre, with the 
 county town of Cavan. These Ba- 
 ronies are divided into thirty-three 
 parishes, of which twenty-nine are in 
 the Diocese of Kilmore, and three in 
 that of Ardagh, both Dioceses now 
 annexed, and one in the Diocese of 
 Meath. The county is nearly co-ex- 
 tensive with the Diocese of Kilmore, 
 and the proportion of Roman Catho- 
 lics to Protestants is said to be about 
 five to one. Cavan is also a Presby- 
 tery of the “ General Assembly of the 
 Presbyterian Church in Ireland,” and 
 in 1841 comprised fourteen congre- 
 gations. 
 
 u 
 
CAV THE GAZETTEER CAY 
 
 The county is in form a kind of 
 irregular oval, and the north-west is 
 occupied by the Ballynageerah Moun- 
 tains, of considerable height and of 
 irregular outline; Slieve-Russel, the 
 highest point of these mountains, 
 forms the southern boundary of the 
 basin of Lough Erne, the chief feed- 
 ers of which flow from Cavan. The 
 remaining surface is undulating, per- 
 vaded by bogs, and interspersed by 
 lakes. The chief rivers are the Erne, 
 the Croghan, and the Annalee; and 
 the principal lakes are Lough Ramor, 
 or Virginia Water, Lough Sheelin, 
 Lough Gawnagh, on the south, where 
 the county joins Longford, Lough 
 Oughter and Lough Erne. The river 
 Erne flows northward through Lough 
 Oughter, and Relturbet to the bor- 
 ders of Fermanagh, at which part of 
 its course, after nearly bisecting the 
 cotlnty, it enters Upper Lough Erne 
 with the Woodford river, which 
 crosses the county farther north, 
 issuing from a small lake on the 
 borders of Leitrim. Lough Sheelin 
 discharges itself by the Inny, which 
 passes through Westmeath in its 
 course to the Shannon ; and Lough 
 Ramor by the Blackwater, which 
 traverses Meath in its course to the 
 Boyne. The other lakes and streams 
 are of no great importance. 
 
 The principal lines of road through 
 the county of Cavan are from Navan 
 in Meath on the south-east to Bel- 
 turbet and Florence-court, on the 
 borders of Fermanagh, on the north- 
 west ; and from Killeshandra on the 
 south-west to Cootehill on the north- 
 east ; the point of intersection being 
 at Cavan. The cross roads were 
 long wretchedly planned, and in a 
 miserable state of repair, but great 
 improvements are in constant opera- 
 tion. In 1841 the road from Cavan 
 to Cootehill between the cross roads 
 at Munroe’s and the line near Cullie’s 
 Gate, in the Barony of Upper Lough- 
 tee, was altered; also the road from 
 Ballyhane to Newbliss, between 
 Drumbartagh Bog and Coppenagh 
 Bridge in the Barony of Tullaghgar- 
 230 
 
 vey; the road from Arva to Long- 
 ford in the Barony of Tullaghonoho ; 
 and a new road was formed from 
 Ballyconnell to Sligo and Enniskillen, 
 between Drumcannon Mill and Glim 
 Chapel. The only navigation in the 
 county is between Belturbet and 
 Lough Erne, and by the Ulster Canal 
 between the same town and Lough 
 Neagh. The line of railway from 
 Dublin to Enniskillen, laid down 
 under the direction of the Commis- 
 sioners, traverses the county, passing 
 the towns of Virginia, Ballyjames- 
 duff, Cavan, and Ballyhaise. 
 
 Cavan abounds with valuable mi- 
 nerals. There are coal and iron 
 mines at Quilca and Swanlinbar, 
 among the Ballynageerah range of 
 mountains ; and in the same quarter 
 lead and silver ore have been discov- 
 ered near Ballyconnel. An extensive 
 vein of blind-coal occurs at a place 
 called Shercock on the east of the 
 county, and also at Ballyjamesduff, 
 between the towns of Cavan and Vir- 
 ginia. Lead and copper occur near 
 Cootehill; some small quantities of 
 limestone towards the south of the 
 county ; coarse manganese and ochre 
 are obtained in various parts; and 
 marl, potter’s clay, brick, clay, and 
 fuller’s earth, are abundant. The 
 mineral or chalybeate springs are 
 numerous. One of these is at 
 Swanlinbar, and another at King’s 
 Court, on the eastern border of the 
 county, which feeds a small pool on 
 the summit of a hill, which is believ- 
 ed by the peasantry to be unfathom- 
 able, and is known by the formidable 
 name of Lough- an-leighagh. 
 
 The farms throughout the county 
 are generally small, and in the moun- 
 tainous parts the soil is of the poorest 
 description. In these quarters the 
 plough is unknown, and the mode of 
 agriculture is as rude and original as 
 can be imagined. The crops raised 
 on these barren soils are generally 
 potatoes and a stunted kind of black 
 oats. The district watered by the 
 Erne is rich and luxuriant, and there 
 are numerous fine demesnes of great 
 
CAV 
 
 CAY OF IRELAND. 
 
 extent and beauty. The dry stone 
 fence is almost universal ; the thorn 
 hedges being found only on the de- 
 mesnes of the rich proprietors, and 
 on the grounds of the prospering 
 fanners. The county, however, is 
 described as in an improving condi- 
 tion, and its peasantry industrious, 
 orderly, and well disposed. Grazing 
 is now pursued to some extent, and 
 great exertions are made by the re- 
 sident proprietors to improve the 
 breed of cattle, as well as to promote i 
 the cultivation of green crops. The 
 manufactures are of little importance, 
 but the bleach-greens turn out thou- 
 sands of linen webs annually. 
 
 The antiquities of the county are 
 few, and consist of remains of raths, 
 cairns, castles, and religious houses, 
 but none of any historical interest. 
 The value of the landed produce 
 has been calculated at upwards of 
 L.1,200,000. The county expenses are 
 defrayed by Grand Jury assessments. 
 The state of the poor has been great- 
 ly alleviated by the provisions of the 
 Irish Poor Law Bill, and there are 
 numerous private charities. The 
 county returns two Members to the 
 Imperial Parliament; constituency 
 in 1840-1, 2408. Population in 1831, 
 227,933. 
 
 CAVAN, the county town, is si- 
 tuated in the parish of Urney, Barony 
 of Lower Loehtee, almost in the 
 centre of the county, on a stream 
 which falls into the Erne. This town 
 is 55 miles from Dublin by Clonee, 
 Navan, Kells, and Virginia. It claims 
 very remote antiquity, but in its pre- 
 sent state it is modern, having been 
 burnt down by the Enniskilleners, 
 after defeating a body of troops in 
 the service of James II., in 1690. The 
 town is a very common-looking place, 
 scarcely containing one street of any 
 architectural pretensions, though it 
 is improving, and the line of street 
 adjacent to the commodious inn will 
 yet be an ornament to the town. The 
 Court-House, including the Jail, is 
 an elegant structure, from a design 
 by Mr Bowden, and cost L. 11,000. 
 
 231 
 
 The same architect also designed the 
 parish church, with its beautiful slen- 
 der spire. In the town are a Roman 
 Catholic chapel and a Presbyterian 
 meeting-house. Here are the County 
 Infirmary, Fever Hospital, Dispen- 
 sary, and several schools. The Clas- 
 sical School was founded by Charles 
 I., and endowed with 270 acres of 
 land in the county. The present 
 edifice is modern, and cost L.7500. 
 The appointment of the master is 
 vested in the Lord-Lieutenant. There 
 are several schools, some of which 
 are supported by the Farnham Fa- 
 mily; and one of the Lanesborough 
 Family bequeathed a fund to support 
 six almshouses for the benefit of poor 
 widows. Cavan is a military station, 
 and has commodious Barracks. A 
 Dominican Monastery was founded 
 here in 1300, which in 1393 came into 
 the possession of the Franciscans. 
 Owen O’Neil, the Irish general, who 
 died by poison at Cloughoughter in 
 the county of Cavan in 1649, was 
 buried in this abbey. The small gar- 
 den laid out by the late Lady Farn- 
 ham is now maintained by Lord Farn- 
 ham as a promenade for the inhabit- 
 ants. Farnham House, the splendid 
 demesne of Lord Farnham, is two 
 miles from the town. The man- 
 sion is a plain commodious structure, 
 surrounded by the most beautiful 
 grounds, and every approach is plea- 
 santly and picturesquely varied. With- 
 in the inclosures are several small na- 
 tural lakes, finely diversifying the 
 scenery. This demesne is adorned 
 by numerous fine old trees, and the 
 rides extend many miles through this 
 highly improved estate. In one quar- 
 ter the rides extend to the woods of 
 Killikeen, four miles distant, where / 
 is a handsome cottage erected by 
 Lady Farnham. On a small island 
 near the lake of Killikeen are the 
 ruins of Cloughoughter Castle, in 
 which Bishop Bedell was confined by 
 the rebels in 1641, and in which 
 Owen O’Neil was poisoned in 1649. 
 The country round Cavan is hilly or 
 undulating, and fertile, and exhibits 
 
CEL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 CHA 
 
 much pleasing scenery, but it is 
 greatly cut up in some directions into 
 limited inclosures, without the slight- 
 est regard to ornamental appearance 
 or profitable cultivation. To this, 
 however, the Farnham estate is an 
 exception, and on it comfort and neat- 
 ness are every where exhibited. 
 
 Cavan has little or no trade, except 
 the retail traffic, and its weekly mar- 
 kets are very indifferently attended. 
 Fairs are held on the 1st of February, 
 14th of May, 30th of June, 14th of 
 August, 25th of September, and 12th 
 of November; and even at these 
 the business done is comparatively 
 trifling. The town has its due pro- 
 portion of miserable cabins and poor 
 inhabitants; but the Railway from 
 Dublin to Enniskillen will likely im- 
 prove the place. Cavan gives the 
 title of Earl in the Peerage of Ireland 
 to the Lambart Family. Oliver Lam- 
 bart, of an ancient family in the north 
 of England, governor of Connaught 
 in 1601, was created Baron Cavan in 
 1617. His son Charles was advanced 
 to the dignity of Earl of Cavan and 
 Viscount Kilcoursie in 1647. Richard 
 seventh Earl was succeeded by his 
 son Frederick John William in 1837. 
 Population of the town in 1831, 2931. 
 
 CAVAN, a townland in the Barony 
 of Raphoe, county of Donegal, noted 
 as the site chosen by the Royal So- 
 ciety for the Observatory erected in 
 1769 by Mr Mason, to note the tran- 
 sit of Venus. 
 
 CAVE-I1ILL, a remarkable moun- 
 tain iu the county of Antrim, over- 
 hanging Belfast Lough. See Bel- 
 fast. 
 
 CELBRIDGE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, and post-town, in the 
 Baronies of North and South Salt, 
 county of Kildare, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin. The town is situated on 
 the Liffey, upwards of ten miles from 
 Dublin by Lucan, and here the river 
 is crossed by a splendid stone bridge. 
 This town is well built, and has a 
 large cloth manufactory and some 
 minor works. Here is an endowed 
 charter school, in which the pupils 
 232 
 
 are clothed and maintained. Numer- 
 ous fine seats and residences adorn 
 the banks of the Liffey in this quarter, 
 among which may be mentioned Kil- 
 ladoon, the elegant villa of the Earl 
 of Leitrim, and Lyons, the seat of 
 Lord Cloncurry. In the parish church 
 is an interesting monument of the 
 Connolly family. Population of the 
 town in 1831, 1647 ; of parish, 2421. 
 
 CHAPEL, or the Chapel of St 
 Clement, a parish and impropriate 
 curacy, in the Barony of Bantry, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, annexed to the rectory of Kil- 
 legney. Post-town, Enniscorthy. 
 
 CHAPEL-CARRON, a parochial 
 impropriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Shelmalier, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, on the river Slaney, 
 annexed to Killurin and other parishes. 
 Post-town, Wexford. 
 
 CHAPEL-IN-THE-WOODS, a pa- 
 rochial curacy connected with the 
 parish of Artrea, Barony of Loughin- 
 sholm, county of Londonderry, and 
 Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 
 CHAPEL-ISLAND, an island in 
 Bantry Bay. See Bantry. 
 
 CHAPEL-IZOD, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, and village, in the Ba- 
 rony of Castleknock, county and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. Chapel-Izod is a 
 pretty suburban village, upwards of 
 two miles from Dublin, on the road 
 to Lucan and Leixlip, near the village 
 of Palmerston, and the pleasure- 
 grounds of Palmerston House, the 
 seat of the Earl of Donoughmore, and 
 in the immediate neighbourhood of 
 the Phcenix Park, its proximity to 
 which renders it a convenient resi- 
 dence for persons connected with the 
 Government establishments ; conse- 
 quently the villas are numerous. 
 Here are Artillery Barracks, an ex- 
 tensive flax spinning-mill, and a paro- 
 chial school. This village is said to 
 derive its name of Izod from a prin- 
 cess so called, daughter of JEngus 
 King of Ireland. Population in 1831, 
 1632; of parish, 2181. 
 
 CHAPEL-MARTIN. See Kilmal- 
 
 LOCK. 
 
CHA 
 
 OF IRELAND. CHA 
 
 CHAPEL-MIDWAY, a parochial 
 chapelry in the Barony of Castle- 
 knock, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, annexed to the vicarage of 
 Kilsallaghan. 
 
 CHAPEL. MIN1T. See Kilmal- 
 lock. 
 
 CHAPEL-RUSSEL, a parish and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kenry, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick, in 
 the Union of Athuell. Population 
 in 1831, 1204. Post-town, Croom. 
 
 CHARLEMONT, a town, formerly 
 a borough, in the parish of Loughall, 
 county of Armagh, six miles from the 
 city of Armagh, on the road to 
 Dungannon and Stewartstown. It is 
 pleasantly situated on the Black water, 
 and connected with the town of Moy, 
 in the county of Tyrone, by an ele- 
 gant bridge. Both Charlemont and 
 Moy may be said to form one town, 
 but the latter is the larger and more 
 important place. Charlemont for- 
 merly commanded the pass of the 
 Blackwater, and is now the head- 
 quarters of the Artillery and the 
 Ordnance Depot of the North of Ire- 
 land. Its castle is a fortress of con- 
 siderable strength, and the Artillery 
 Barracks contain accommodation for 
 two companies. This town returned 
 two members to the Irish Parliament. 
 It gives the title of Earl in the Peer- 
 age of Ireland to the Noble Family of 
 Caulfield, who are Barons Charlemont 
 in the Peerage of Great Britain. Sir 
 Toby Caulfield, who served many 
 high offices of trust in Ireland during 
 the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., 
 was created Baron Charlemont by the 
 latter monarch in 1620, with remain- 
 der to his nephew, Sir William Caul- 
 field, who succeeded in 1627 as second 
 Lord. William fifth Lord was ad- 
 vanced to the dignity of Viscount 
 Charlemont in 1665, and James fourth 
 Viscount was created Earl of Charle- 
 mont in 1783. This Nobleman, who 
 died in 1799, and was buried in the 
 family vault in the cathedral of Ar- 
 magh, is distinguished in the annals 
 of Irish politics. Fairs are held at j 
 Charlemont on the 12th of May, Au- 
 233 l 
 
 gust 16, and the 12th of November. 
 Population in 1831, 800. 
 
 CHARLES-FORT, a fort which 
 protects the entrance of Kinsale Har- 
 bour, on which are a strong battery 
 and very extensive barracks, gene- 
 rally garrisoned. 
 
 CHARLESTOWN, a parish and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ardee, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, annexed to several parishes. 
 Population in 1831, 1407. 
 
 CHARLESTOWN, a small vil- 
 lage in the parish of Kilbride-Langau, 
 King’s County. 
 
 CHARLEVILLE, a well built 
 town in the parish of Rathgroggan, 
 county of Cork, five miles from Kil- 
 mallock, 21 miles from Limerick, and 
 115 miles from Dublin. The road 
 from Limerick to Charleville traver- 
 ses the Golden Vale, the greatest 
 length being from it to Cashel. By 
 Tipperary the town is 109 miles from 
 Dublin. This place was in former 
 times of some importance, and re- 
 turned two members to the Irish 
 Parliament. It was erected into a 
 corporate town by the first Earl of 
 Orrery, Lord President of Munster, 
 who resided here, and changed it from 
 its “heathenish name” of Rathgrog- 
 gan, as his Lordship termed it, to its 
 present elegant appellation in compli- 
 ment to Charles II. His Lordship 
 erected a magnificent mansion here, 
 which was burnt down by order of 
 the Duke of Berwick in 1690. Charle- 
 ville is a populous and respectable 
 inland town, having a neat parish 
 church, a large and elegant Roman 
 Catholic chapel, and a commodious 
 Infantry Barrack. The principal 
 street is wide, and contains some good 
 houses. Here are a brewery and 
 several works. The retail trade 
 for the supply of the surrounding 
 fertile and populous country is very 
 considerable, and large quantities of 
 agricultural produce are sold at the 
 weekly markets. A railway or branch 
 railway from Limerick to Charleville 
 would be of great benefit to the town 
 and district. Among the schools are 
 
CHU THE GAZETTEER CLA 
 
 a charter one for 50 children, and one 
 endowed by the Earl of Cork with 15 
 acres. The town gives the title of 
 Earl in the Peerage of Ireland to the 
 Noble Family of Bury, descended from 
 a branch of the Noble Family of 
 Moore, Marquis of Drogheda, en- 
 nobled in 1714 by the title of Lord 
 Tullamore. Charles Moore, second 
 Lord, was advanced to the dignity of 
 Earl of Charleville in 1758. The 
 earldom became extinct at his Lord- 
 ship's death, in 1764, without issue, 
 but the estates devolved on his ne- 
 phew, John Bury, Esq., eldest son of 
 the Hon. Jane Moore, daughter of 
 John first Lord Tullamore, who mar- 
 ried William Bury, Esq., of Shannon- 
 Grove. The earldom was revived in 
 1806 in the person of Charles, only son 
 of John Bury, Esq., above mentioned, 
 and Catherine, second daughter of 
 Francis Sadlier, Esq. His Lordship 
 died in 1835, and was succeeded by 
 his son Charles William second Earl. 
 One of the family seats is Charleville 
 Forest, Tullamore, in the King’s 
 County. North of the town of Charle- 
 ville is the residence of Drewscourt ; 
 south, on the Cork road, are Castle 
 Harrison and Newtown ; and west is 
 Gibbon's Grove. By the Municipal 
 Bill the Corporation are styled the 
 “ Sovereign, Bailiffs, and Burgesses 
 of the town of Charleville.” Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 4766. 
 
 CHURCHHILL, a village in the 
 parish of Kilmacrenan, county of Do- 
 negal, on the Blackwater, in the vici- 
 nity of Verner’s Bridge, and near the 
 elegant seat of Churchhill. Near it is 
 the beautiful little lake called Lough 
 Gartan, about two miles in length, 
 and bounded on the north by a range 
 of hills of considerable elevation. 
 This lake lies in one of the glens 
 which diversify this part of the 
 county of Donegal, and discharges 
 itself by the Gartan stream, which 
 falls into the Leanan. Fairs are held 
 on the lltli of May, 15th of August, 
 and 7th of November. Post-town, 
 Letterkenny. 
 
 CHURCHHILL, a village in the 
 234 
 
 parish of Ennismacsaint, county of 
 Fermanagh, on the summit of a ridge 
 which blends with the hills of Shean 
 and Glenalong. It is situated on the 
 west side of Lough Erne, and on the 
 road from Enniskillen. A little to 
 the south are the small romantic lakes 
 of Carrick and Bunnahone. Near 
 the new parish church, at Tully Bay, 
 are the ruins of Tully Castle. Fairs 
 are held on the 14th of May, 30th of 
 August, and 30th of November. 
 
 CHURCH-JERPOINT. See Ab- 
 bey-Jerpoint and Jerpoint. 
 
 CHURCHTO WN, a parish and rec- 
 tory, including a village of its name, 
 in the Barony of Imokilly, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, annexed 
 to four other parishes. Population 
 in 1 831 , 1756. Post-town, Charleville. 
 
 CHURCHTO WN, also called Bren- 
 ny and Ballintemple , a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Orrery, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. Population in 1831, 2795. 
 See Ballintemple. 
 
 CHURCHTO WN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Narragh and 
 Rheban West, county of Kildare, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. Population 
 in 1831, 2009. Post-town, Athy. See 
 Athy. 
 
 CHURCHTO WN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Lower Navan, 
 county and Diocese of Meath, in the 
 Union of Ardbraccan. Population in 
 1831, 448. Post-town, Navan. 
 
 CHURCHTOWN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Rathconrath, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath, annexed to the parishes of 
 Conragh and Desart. Population in 
 1831, 980. Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 CLADDAGH, a small village in 
 the parish of Kilmacteigue, county of 
 Sligo. Post-town, Foxford. 
 
 CLADDAGH, a large village on the 
 opposite side of the harbour of Gal- 
 way, and quite separate from the town 
 of Galway, containing numerous lanes 
 of cabins all huddled together in most 
 fantastic disorder. It is inhabited 
 by probably 1500 fishermen and their 
 families, who have little intercourse 
 
with the inhabitants of Galway, inter- 
 marry among themselves, and are 
 governed in their fishing and pecu- 
 niary matters by laws of their own 
 concoction. Hundreds of boats, large 
 and small, belong to these people, yet 
 their ignorance, prejudices, supersti- 
 tion, and total want of system, com- 
 bined with indolence, prevent them 
 from being comfortable in circum- 
 stances ; and the town and district are 
 very irregularly supplied with fish in 
 consequence. 
 
 CLADY, a village in the parish of 
 Urney, county of Tyrone, on the Finn 
 river, five miles from Castlefinn, on 
 the road from Strabane to Stranorlar. 
 Here is a Presbyterian meeting-house, 
 and fairs are held in February, May, 
 August and November. 
 
 CLADY, or Ccmber-Clady, a vil- 
 lage in the parish of Cumber, county 
 of Londonderry, near the Bann river, 
 on the road from Portglenone to Kil- 
 rea. It has a Presbyterian meeting- 
 house, and fiurs are held in January, 
 March, May, July, August, October, 
 and November. 
 
 CLAGG AN, a village in the parish 
 of Kilcommon, in the wild district of 
 Erris, county of Mayo, on the coast 
 of Bullan Bay, opposite Achill Island. 
 
 CLAGG AN BAY, a capacious bay 
 on the coast of Galway, several miles 
 north of Killeny Harbour. The 
 largest vessels can here find shelter 
 and safe anchorage, but the shore is 
 wild and dreary. Claggan Point, on 
 the summit of which is the land mark 
 called Claggan Tower, is the head 
 land between the Bays of Claggan and 
 Ballinahinch. 
 
 CLAHANE (SOUTH). See 
 Cloghane. 
 
 CLANCARTY, a locality in the 
 county of Galway which gives the 
 title of Earl in the Peerage of Ireland 
 to the Noble Family of Le-Poer- 
 Trench, Viscounts Clancarty in the 
 Peerage of the United Kingdom. 
 William Le-Poer Keating- Trench, 
 Esq., was created Baron Kileonnel in 
 1797, Viscount Dunlo in lbOl, and 
 Earl of Clancarty in 1803. 
 
 235 
 
 CL A 
 
 CL ANE, a Barony of the county of 
 Kildare, the surface of which is mostly 
 encumbered with bog. It is divided 
 into seven parishes, and is intersected 
 by the Grand Canal. In this Barony 
 is the village known by the ridiculous 
 name of Prosperous , which in every 
 respect is the very reverse. 
 
 CLANE, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of its name, county and 
 Diocese of Kildare. The town of 
 Clane is situated on the Liffey, which 
 is here crossed by an aqueduct bridge 
 of the Grand Canal. This town, or 
 rather village, for it is now a small 
 place, is about seventeen miles from 
 Dublin, on the road from that city by 
 Lucan and Celbridge to Rathangan. 
 Here are the ruins of an abbey said to 
 pretend to as high antiquity as A.D. 
 548, and according to others even A.D. 
 520. In the vicinity are the remains of a 
 castle, and a Danish rath. About a 
 mile distant is the Jesuits’ College of 
 Clongowes. In the vicinity of Clane 
 are the residences of Blackball, Milli- 
 cent, Sherlockstown, and Firmount. 
 Population of the town in 1831, 1816 ; 
 of the parish, 2121. Post-town, Naas. 
 
 CLANMAURICE,a Barony of the 
 county of Kerry, divided into fifteen 
 parishes in the ancient and annexed 
 Diocese of Ardfert. The old decayed 
 episcopal city of Ardfert is the only 
 place of note in this wild district. 
 
 CLANMORRIS, a Barony in the 
 county of Mayo, which gives the title 
 of Baron to a branch of the Bingham 
 Family, Earls of Lucan. J ohn Bing- 
 ham, Esq.' of Newbrook, Mayo, w as 
 created Baron Claumorris in the Peer- 
 age of Ireland in 1800. See Mayo. 
 
 CLANRICARDE, a locality in the 
 county of Galway, which gives the 
 title of Marquis and Earl in the Peer- 
 age of Ireland to the Noble Family of 
 De Burgh, one of the most ancient in 
 the United Kin gdoms. Adelin De 
 Burgh, uncle of Hubert De Burgh, 
 Earl of Kent in the reigns of King 
 John and Henry III., one of the 
 greatest subjects in Europe, settled 
 in Ireland, and was ancestor of Richard 
 De Burgh, Lord of Connaught, who 
 
 CLA 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
CLA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 died in 1243, leaving two sons, viz. 
 Walter Earl of Ulster, and William, 
 ancestor of the Earls and Marquises of 
 Clanricarde. Ulick De Burgh was 
 created Earl of Clanricarde in 1543, 
 and his descendant, Ulick fifth Earl, 
 was advanced to the dignity of Mar- 
 quis in 1G44. His Lordship died 
 without issue in 1657, when the Mar- 
 quisate became extinct, but the Earl- 
 dom devolved on his cousin-german 
 Richard, who became sixth Earl. The 
 Marquisate was revived in the person 
 of Henry twelfth Earl in 1785, but be- 
 came again extinct at his death in 
 1797. This nobleman was succeeded 
 by his brother John, who became 
 thirteenth Earl, and the Marquisate 
 was once more revived in the person 
 of his son Ulick in 1825, created Baron 
 of Somerhill in the Peerage of the 
 United Kingdom in 1826. 
 
 CLANWILLIAM, the most popu- 
 lous Barony in the county of Tipper- 
 ary, contains twenty-two parishes, the 
 town of Tipperary, the old episcopal 
 city of Eraly, the towns of Banslia, 
 Golden, Thomastown, and numerous 
 villages. The soil of this extensive 
 Barony is generally fertile ; the east- 
 ern part is watered by the Suir ; and 
 the southern portion comprises the 
 Slievenamuclc Mountains. This Ba- 
 rony gives the title of Earl and Vis- 
 count in the Peerage of Ireland to the 
 Noble Family of Meade, or Meagh, of 
 ancient descent, in the county of Cork. 
 John Meade, Esq., was created a Ba- 
 ronet of Ireland in 1703. Sir John 
 Meade, fourth Baronet, was created 
 Viscount Clan william in 1766, and 
 advanced to the dignity of Earl in 
 1776. Richard third Earl, related to 
 many of the reigning Princes of Ger- 
 many by his mother Caroline, Coun- 
 tess of Thunn, was created Baron 
 Clanwilliam of Clanwilliam, county 
 of Tipperary, in the Peerage of the 
 United Kingdom, in 1828. 
 
 CLANWILLIAM, a Barony in the 
 county of Limerick. 
 
 CLARA, a parish and vicarage in 
 i the Barony of Gowran, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Ossory, annex 
 | 236 
 
 CLA 
 
 ed to the vicarage of St John. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 657. Post-town, Kil» 
 kenny. 
 
 CLARA, a thriving town in the 
 parish of Kilbride, King’s County, on 
 the cross road from Tyrrell’s Pass to 
 Athlone, four miles from Kilbeggan. 
 It is situated on the Brosna, on the 
 banks of which are very extensive 
 corn-mills. In the neighbourhood 
 are the residences of Clara House, 
 Kilcoursey, and Kildare, and upwards 
 of a mile from the town, on the road 
 to Tullamore, is Durrow Abbey, the 
 seat of the unfortunate Earl of Nor- 
 bury, who was basely assassinated 
 within the grounds of that demesne 
 in 1839. Population in 1831, 1149. 
 
 CLARA, a beautiful valley which 
 commences at Glendalough, and 
 blends with the Avoca in the county 
 of W icklow. The streams discharged 
 by the lakes known as Loughs Dan, 
 Tay, Nahanagan, Ouler, and Glenda- 
 lough, and numerous rivulets, meet 
 in the vale of Clara, and assume the 
 name of Avonmore, passing the town 
 of Rathdrum, aud through Avondale. 
 In this vale is an excellent road to 
 Rathrum from Laragh, five miles in 
 length, and passing the woods of Cla- 
 rabeg and Ballygannon. 
 
 CLARA-BRIDGE, a village in the 
 parish of Stradbally, county of Gal- 
 way, near the Moy villa stream, where 
 it falls into the Bay of Galway, not far 
 from the small harbour of Ballina- 
 courty. 
 
 CLARE, anciently called Thomond , 
 or North Munster, one of the six 
 counties of the Province of Munster, 
 was annexed to the Province of Con- 
 naught by Queen Elizabeth, and re- 
 stored to Munster in 1602. This is a 
 maritime county, bounded on the 
 west by the Atlantic, on the north by 
 the county of Galway, and on the east 
 and south by the Shannon, which se- 
 parates it from the counties of Tip- 
 perary, Limerick, and Kerry. The 
 greatest length of the county is stated 
 to be 67j miles, from Loop Head on 
 the south-west to the boundary with 
 Galway on the north-east; and the 
 
CLA OF IRELAND. CLA 
 
 greatest breadth upwards of 38 miles, 
 from Black Head on the north-west 
 to Bunratty on the south-east. The 
 area is estimated by Dr Beaufort at 
 1195 English miles, or 765,042 statute 
 acres. The more recent survey makes 
 the surface 802,352 acres. 
 
 This county is divided into nine 
 Baronies. Tullagh and Bunratty ex- 
 tend on the east, Inchiquin and Islands 
 are in the centre, the latter so called 
 from the islands of the Fergus river 
 which belong to it; Burrin, Corer- 
 more, Ibrickan, and Moyferta, extend 
 along the north and western coast 
 from Black Head on the north to 
 Loop Head on the south; and Clan- 
 derlaw extends east of Moyferta, be- 
 tween it and the Barony of Islands. 
 In 1837 the county comprised 74 pa- 
 rishes, forming 28 benefices. This 
 county contains the entire Diocese of 
 Kilfenora, now annexed to Killaloe in 
 the Church of Ireland, but still re- 
 tained as a separate Diocese in the 
 Roman Catholic division. It includes 
 also the greater portion of the Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe, and a small part of 
 the Diocese of Limerick. 
 
 Clare is a mountainous county in- 
 land, the elevations comprising a sur- 
 face of at least 150 miles between the 
 Shannon and the county of Galway. 
 In this direction are the Slievebaughta 
 Mountains, from 2000 to upwards of 
 2500 feet in height, and extending into 
 Galway. In this range are the con- 
 nected lakes of Lough Teroig on the 
 Galway boundary, Lough Graney, and 
 Lough O’Grady, the last mentioned 
 lying between Lough Graney and the 
 Lough Derg expansion of the Shan- 
 non. These lakes discharge them- 
 selves from Lough O’Grady by the 
 Scariff river, which enters a capacious 
 bay of Lough Derg at the village aud 
 creek of Scariff. A less elevated 
 mountainous group extends from 
 Scariff, southward of the Slieve- 
 baughta Mountains to Bunratty, and 
 in this quarter the Ougarnee river 
 conveys the waters of Loughs Breedy, 
 Doou, Cloonlea, and numerous other 
 lakes to the Shannon. The Black- 
 237 
 
 water, which enters the Shannon 
 above Limerick, drains the waters of 
 the eastern part of this district of the 
 county. 
 
 As it respects the other topogra- 
 phical appearances of Clare, the centre 
 of the county, west of the mountain 
 groups just mentioned, is compara- 
 tively level both north and south. In 
 this quarter are the towns of Ennis 
 and Clare, and it is watered by the 
 fine navigable river Fergus, which is 
 formed by a junction of the surplus 
 waters of Loughs Inchiquin, Inchi- 
 cronane, Dromore, Ballyally, Tadon, 
 and other smaller lakes, and where 
 the river enters the Shannon, expand- 
 ing into a magnificent bay full of 
 islands, some miles below Bunratty. 
 Below this splendid estuary is Clan- 
 derlaw Bay, and on the north side of 
 the debouch of the Shannon L the 
 extensive indented promontory ter- 
 minated by the Loop Head. Between 
 the Fergus river and the coast, the 
 most prominent elevation is the Cal- 
 lan Mountain, rising over Milltown. 
 
 On the coast, from the Loop Head 
 to Galway Bay, are the small bays or 
 fishing stations of Kilkea, Dunbeg, 
 Milltown, Liscanor, and some minor 
 creeks, but with these exceptions the 
 whole coast is rocky and precipitous, 
 and consists of cliffs varying from 100 
 to 500 and upwards of 1000 feet. At 
 Ballard Point, between Dunbeg and 
 Kilkea Bays, the cliffs are at least 500 
 feet in height, overhanging the At- 
 lantic and the Mohir cliff : north of 
 Liscanor Bay, on which is constructed 
 the signal tower of Mohir, is upwards 
 of 900 feet, while the south side exceeds 
 1000 feet. Against these perpendi- 
 cular cliffs the Atlantic rages during 
 storms with awful fury, its surge 
 oftea driven to the summit of those 
 of Kilkea Bay, and, rushing down 
 through the green fields behind, again 
 enters the ocean by a small stream. 
 On this coast are numerous islets, the 
 most prominent of which is Mutton 
 Island, and detached masses of rock. 
 The inhabitants generally use a cur - 
 ragh, or light-boat, formed like a ca- 
 
CLA 
 
 CLA THE GAZETTEER 
 
 noe, in their fishing avocations, and 
 in this apparently slender construc- 
 tion they not only sail among rocks 
 and shoals, where ordinary boats 
 would be dashed to pieces, but ven- 
 ture far out to sea, and frequently, it 
 is said, to the distance of from 50 to 
 1 00 miles. The general appellation of 
 the ocean, from the Loop Head on the 
 south to the Arran Islands in Galway 
 Bay on the north, is Mai Bay, a name 
 derived by some from the dangerous 
 nature of the coast. The entire 
 length of the coast, from ScarifF on 
 the Shannon, round by Loop Head to 
 Curranrue Bay, in Galway Bay, is 
 computed to be 230 miles, of which 
 140 miles lie along the shore of the 
 Shannon, and 90 miles on the Atlantic. 
 
 The roads throughout the county 
 were long the worst probably in Ire- 
 land, but are now annually in progress 
 of improvement. Considerable sums 
 have been advanced by the Commis- 
 sioners of Public Works for the for- 
 mation of new roads and erection of 
 bridges, which sums are repaid by 
 instalments presented by the Grand 
 Jury, and a county surveyor superin- 
 tends the outlay of the public money. 
 Clare will not likely experience the 
 benefit of railway communication, as 
 it has only two harbours on its line of 
 coast from the Loop Head to Black- 
 Head, a distance of about 60 English 
 miles, and these can only shelter ves- 
 sels of from 50 to 100 tons. The chief 
 line of the canal from Limerick to 
 Killaloe, connecting the Shannon at 
 the former city with Lough Derg, and 
 also a suburb of that city, are within 
 the county. A canal was suggest- 
 ed from ScarifF by Lough Graney, 
 through the valley of the Slieve- 
 baughta Mountains to the Bay of Gal- 
 way, and also from Poolinisharry 
 Harbour in the mouth of the Shannon 
 across the neck of land, consisting 
 of flat bog, to Dunbeg Bay, to save 
 vessels rounding the dangerous Loop 
 Head Promontory. 
 
 The minerals of the county are of 
 considerable importance. There are 
 excellent slate and flag stone quarries 
 238 
 
 on the coast from Carrigaholt to Bul- 
 rush, at the former of which places 
 appears a seam of coal in the bed of a 
 stream, and also at Fieragh Bay, 
 LemadufF, and Loughill Ferry. An- 
 other seam of coal, three feet thick, 
 occurs in the rock, above high water 
 mark, over Liscanor Bay, near Ennis- 
 tym'ond, and at the latter places are 
 slate quarries of a good quality, while 
 those of Broadford are in great re- 
 pute. Iron ore is found at several 
 places, ironstone and strata of coal on 
 Mount Callan ; rich lead in the moun- 
 tainous parts of the Barony of Burrin, 
 and throughout the limestone district 
 — a district which, including that Ba- 
 rony, is among the most remarkable 
 in Ireland. Copper pyrites is found in 
 abundance within that Barony. At 
 Ennistymont, Carrigaholt, Cross, and 
 other places on the coast of the Atlan- 
 tic, manganese is obtained ; very fine 
 black marble, which takes a high 
 polish, near Ennis ; fine crystalline 
 sand in great repute for scythe boards 
 on the shore of Lough Graney ; and 
 chalybeate springs are numerous in 
 the district west of the sources of the 
 Fergus. 
 
 The poor soil is of very great ex- 
 tent, being much beyond even that 
 which is of an indifferent quality, but 
 there are many detached tracts, espe- 
 cially on the banks of the rivers 
 Shannon and Fergus, of remarkable 
 fertility. That of Tradrea, or the 
 King's Land , is traditionally said to 
 have been the private property of the 
 famous monarch Brien Boromhe. The 
 bogs are extensive, the tract from Kil- 
 r ush on theShannon to Kilkea and Dun- 
 beg Bay being estimated to comprise 
 about 24,000 English acres. This tract, 
 through which the canal already men- 
 tioned was proposed to be cut, could 
 be reclaimed at an expense of L.32,000. 
 Turf for fuel is abundant, but there 
 are few plantations, and the county is 
 the worst supplied with water of any 
 in Ireland. In the interior water is 
 obtained only by turloghs, or periodi- 
 cal lakes. But Clare is not unpro- 
 ductive. It contains very excellent pas- 
 
CLA OF IRELAND. CLA 
 
 ture-grounds for sheep, and agricul- 
 ture is improving, though still in a very 
 backward state. The coast abounds 
 with all kinds of fish ; crabs, lobsters, 
 and shrimps, are taken in the creeks ; 
 and the Burrin oysters are justly 
 celebrated in the Dublin market. 
 
 The antiquities of Clare are the 
 round towers at Scattery Island, off 
 Kilrush, abbeys, castles, and raths in 
 all directions. The numerous re- 
 mains of castles in several districts 
 indicate that these parts must have 
 been densely populated in ancient 
 times by the old Irish. The civil 
 history of Clare chiefly consists of de- 
 tails respecting the fretfuent chang- 
 ing of the proprietary. The Rebellion 
 of 1798 scarcely extended to the coun- 
 ty. More recently the inhabitants 
 obtained an unenviable notoriety for 
 their daring and barbarous agrarian 
 disturbances; and during the agita- 
 tion of the Roman Catholic Emanci- 
 pation Bill, the electors were induc- 
 ed, in 1828, to return Mr Daniel 
 O’Connell to the House of Commons, 
 by the influence of the “ Catholic 
 Association,” defeating Mr Vesey 
 Fitzgerald, who had vacated his seat 
 by accepting the office of President of 
 the Board of Trade, when Mr Charles 
 Grant (afterwards Lord Glenelg) re- 
 signed it on the dismission of Mr 
 Huskisson. This was before the 
 passing of the Emancipation Bill. 
 Mr O’Connell thought proper to 
 pledge his legal character, that if he 
 was elected, though a Roman Catho- 
 lic, he could take his seat in the House 
 of Commons. In 1»29, when the Par- 
 liament met, this election came before 
 the House, and after various proceed- 
 ings, a writ was ordered to be issued 
 in consequence of Mr O’Connell re- 
 fusing to take the oath of supremacy. 
 He was re-elected without opposition. 
 Clare returns two members to the 
 Imperial Parliament ; constituency in 
 1840-1, 2730. Population in 1831, 
 258,322. 
 
 CLARE, a town in the parish of 
 ; Clare Abbey, Barony of Islands, and 
 county of Clare. This little place, 
 239 
 
 which has greater pretensions from 
 its situation to be the county town 
 than Ennis, occupies a delightful 
 position at the mouth of the Fergus 
 river, near its debouch into the noble 
 island-studded estuary in the Shan- 
 non. The Fergus here falls over a 
 ledge of rocks, and meets the tide 
 under the walls of Clare Castle, occu- 
 pied as an Infantry Barrack, and with 
 the adjoining buildings capable of ac- 
 commodating a considerable number 
 of men. Clare is the port of Ennis, 
 and, connected with that town, which 
 is a few miles inland, enjoys a little 
 trade. In 1835 the exports at Clare 
 Creek were valued at L.16,617; but 
 the imports were only L.1672. The 
 Fergus is here crossed by a good 
 stone bridge. “ There is a fine navi- 
 gation,” sajs Mr Inglis, “up the estu- 
 ary of the river Fergus to the bridge 
 of Clare. A very trifling expenditure 
 would extend the water communica- 
 tion to Ennis, and there is no doubt 
 that the prosperity of the town would 
 rapidly increase ; for Clare is not only 
 a fine corn county, but an extensive 
 cattle breeding district. The pro- 
 posal of a canal, however, has met 
 with every opposition from narrow- 
 mindedness and jobbing. The great 
 Ennis proprietor likes nothing that 
 costs anything, and the proprietor 
 of Clare is not, of course, anxious to 
 remove the point of export from 
 Clare to Ennis. Notwithstanding the 
 advantages possessed, the place looks 
 poverty-stricken.” 
 
 In 1841, one newspaper, entitled the 
 Clare Journal , was published in the 
 town, but the newspapers which are 
 chiefly circulated are printed in Lime- , 
 rick. About a mile above, near the 
 river Fergus, are the ruins of Clare 
 Abbey, erected in 1194 by Donald 
 O’Brien, King of Munster. A great ' 
 battle was fought in this quarter in 
 1278, between Donnell, son of Teigue 
 Calishe O’Brien, and Mahon O’Brien, 
 in which the forces of the latter were 
 defeated with great slaughter. Clare 
 gives the title of Earl in the Peerage 
 of Ireland to the family of Fitzgibbon, 
 
CLA THE GAZETTEER CL A 
 
 the chief of whom, descended from 
 the Fitzgeralds, progenitors of the 
 great families of Kildare and Des- 
 mond, was styled the White Knight , 
 otherwise Clangibbon. John Fitzgib- 
 bon, a member of the Irish Bar, was 
 appointed Attorney- General in 1784, 
 and Lord Chancellor of Ireland, in 
 1789, when he was created Baron 
 Fitzgibbon; in 1793, Viscount Fitz- 
 gibbon, and in 1795 he was advanced 
 to the dignity of Earl of Clare. Po- 
 pulation of the town in 1831, 1021. 
 
 CLARE, a river in the county of 
 Galway, which falls into Lough Cor- 
 rib, carrying the surplus waters of 
 Thourloghmore, and draining the low 
 lands of Clare-Tuam. On the banks 
 of the river, five miles from Galway, 
 on the road to Tuam, and a short dis- 
 tance above its debouch into Lough 
 Corrib, are the venerable ruins of 
 Clare-Galway Abbey, now well pre- 
 served from the destructive ravages 
 of the peasantry, though in a state of 
 great dilapidation. 
 
 CLARE, a Barony in the county of 
 Galway, connected with the Barony 
 of Dunmore, and both extending 
 east from Loughs Corrib and Mask 
 to Mayo county. The Barony of 
 Clare contains the town of Headfort, 
 and part of the old archiepiscopal city 
 of Tuam. 
 
 CLARE, or Claremorris, a village 
 in the parish of Kilcoleman, county 
 of Mayo, at w'hich fairs are held in 
 May, June, August, September, and 
 November. This place is one of the 
 largest and best situated of the numer- 
 ous small towns in the county. Near 
 it are the mansions of Claremount 
 and Castle-Macgarret, the latter the 
 seat of Lord Oranmore. Population 
 in 1831, 1476. 
 
 CLARE-GALWAY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Baronies of Clare and 
 Dunkellin, county of Galway, and Dio- 
 cese of Tuam, on the river Clare. 
 Population in 1831. 3588. Post-town, 
 Galway. 
 
 CL ARE-ISLAND, an island off 
 the coast of the county of Mayo, be- 
 longing to the parish of Kilgever and 
 240 
 
 Barony of Morisk, lying midway be- 
 tween Achill Island on the north, and 
 the mainland on the south, in the 
 offing of Clew Bay. It is six miles in 
 length by two and a half in breadth, 
 and rises to the height of 2400 feet on 
 the west, where it is almost precipi- 
 tous. On the island are schools con- 
 nected with the Board of Natioual 
 Education. On Clare-Island is a 
 light-house. Population in 1831, 1616. 
 
 CLARE-TUAM. See Belclare 
 and Tuam. 
 
 CLAREEN, a branch of the Fergus 
 river in the county of Clare. 
 
 CL ARINA, a locality which gives 
 the title of Baron in the Peerage of 
 Ireland to the Family of Massey. 
 Eyre Massey, brother of Hugh Lord 
 Massey, was present at the battle of 
 Culloden in Scotland in 1745; com- 
 manded the grenadiers at the taking 
 of Havanna, Magara, &c. ; and in 1800, 
 for his long and eminent services in 
 the West Indies, America, and other 
 quarters, was created Baron Clarina 
 of Elm Park, county of Limerick. 
 
 CLASH, a prettily situated village 
 a mile from the Arklow road, which 
 is a short distance above the Avoca 
 inn, county of Arklow. 
 
 CLASHACROW, a small parish in 
 the Barony of Cranagh, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, on 
 the Nore, in the Union of Freshford. 
 
 CLASHMORE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Decies- 
 within-Drum, county of Waterford, 
 and Diocese of Lismore. The village 
 of Clashmore, near which is Clagh- 
 more House, is three miles from 
 Aglish, on one of the numerous 
 streams running into the Black water. 
 Here are the ruins of an ancient 
 abbey, which, with its possessions, 
 was granted at the Suppression to 
 the celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh. 
 About two miles from Clashmore is 
 Ballinatray, on the banks of the Black- 
 water, the fine seat of Richard Smythe, 
 Esq., and the paternal home of Miss Pe- 
 1 nelope Smythe, whose marriage to the 
 Prince of Capua made a considerable 
 noise in the fashionable world. Be- 
 
OLE 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 CLI 
 
 yond Claslimore the road crosses the 
 Lickey stream, and soon reaches the 
 estuary of the Blackwater, which is 
 crossed by a wooden bridge and 
 causeway, erected at the expense of 
 L. 17,000, the former 1875 feet, and the 
 latter 1732 feet, in length. Population 
 in 1831, 772. 
 
 CLAUD Y, a village in the parish 
 of Urney, county of Tyrone, on the 
 river Finn, at which fairs are held in 
 August and November: The Finn 
 
 is here crossed by a bridge of seven 
 arches. The ford over which this 
 bridge is erected was the scene of 
 a bloody engagement between the 
 troops of William III. and James II. 
 in 1689. The latter monarch crossed 
 the river at this ford. 
 
 CLAUDY, a village in the parish 
 of Upper Cumber, county of London- 
 derry, at which several fairs are held. 
 Here are a Roman Catholic chapel 
 and a Presbyterian meeting-house, 
 and in the vicinity are several plea- 
 sant residences. 
 
 CLAY, or Clea, a townland in the 
 parish of Ready, county of Armagh, 
 near which the lead mines belonging 
 to Trinity College, Dublin, are carried 
 on by the Mining Company of Ireland. 
 
 CLEAUGH, a small village in the pa- 
 rish of Clonmerry, county of Donegal. 
 
 CLEENISH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Glenawly, 
 but having portions in other Baronies, 
 county of Fermanagh, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. On the island of Cleenish, 
 in Lough Erne, an abbey was founded 
 during the sixth century by one St 
 Synell, whose day is observed on the 
 11th of October. Population in 1831, 
 10,577. Post-town, Enniskillen. 
 
 CLEGGAN, a bay on the coast of 
 Galway, north of Clifden Harbour, 
 which is an excellent roadstead. The 
 pier was built in 1822, to which a branch 
 of the new coast road is extended. 
 The harbour of Ballinakill is between 
 Cleggan Bay and the Point of Ren- 
 vyle, the latter forming the southern 
 boundary of the entrance to the Kil- 
 leries. 
 
 CLEMENTSTOWN, a village in 
 241 
 
 the parish of Kildruinsherdan, county 
 of Cavan. 
 
 CLENORE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Fermoy, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, annexed to several other pa- 
 rishes, and constituting the corps of 
 the Chancellorship of Cloyne Cathe- 
 dral. Population in 1831, 1303. Posc- 
 tovvn, Doneraile. 
 
 CLERIHAN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Newchapel, county of Tipper- 
 ary, on the road from Clonmel to Ca- 
 shel. Here is a neat Roman Catholic 
 chapel. 
 
 CLERMONT, a village in the Ba- 
 rony of Dundalk, county of Louth. 
 
 CLEW BAY, a bay on the coast of 
 Mayo, including those of Westport 
 and Newport. It is literally studded 
 with green islands of varied extent, 
 said to be 170 in number, though 
 some magnify them to above 300, 
 which is a most glaring discrepancy. 
 Clare Island is at the entrance, and 
 lies about ten miles distant from, this 
 Archipelago of fertile islets, the in- 
 habitants of which, and of the sur- 
 rounding shores, chiefly employ them- 
 selves in Ashing. Among the islets, 
 creeks, and inlets of Clew Bay are 
 numerous safe roadsteads and (har- 
 bours for vessels of any tonnage. In 
 Clew Bay there was formerly an island 
 called Minish, the surface of which, in 
 the reign of Charles I., was twelve 
 acres in extent. In 1814 it was found 
 to be only 420 feet in length and 30 in 
 breadth, and in 1816 it entirely disap- 
 peared. The island of Clare in the 
 neighbourhood furnishes another ex- 
 ample of the destructive action of the 
 sea on this coast, which is bounded 
 every where by cliffs of immense 
 height, under which the ocean has 
 formed deep caverns. 
 
 CLIFDEN, a thriving town in the 
 parish of Omay, county of Galw ay, at 
 the head of Ardbear or Clifden Bay. 
 This is now the principal town in the 
 western mountainous district, which 
 includes a part of Mayo, respectively 
 designated Connemara, the Joyce 
 Country, the Half-Barony of Ross, 
 x 
 
CLI THE GAZETTEER CLO 
 
 and Morisk. The place is altogether of 
 modern origin, and was not in exist- 
 ence even in 1820. It is situated about 
 four miles from the open Atlantic, 
 and rises over a narrow navigable 
 inlet running in off Ardbear Bay. 
 The town is on the estate of Mr 
 D’Arcy of Clifden Castle, about two 
 miles distant, but owes its origin to 
 Alexander Nimmo, Esq., who sug- 
 gested the erection of the pier for the 
 fishery, and the construction of a 
 safety harbour. Mr D’Arcy, assisted 
 by Government, commenced the pier 
 in 1821. The town is built with some 
 pretensions to regularity, and in room 
 of the solitary slated house and the 
 few thatched cabins, which previous 
 to 1820 were almost the sole dwellings 
 in these wilds, here are now seve- 
 ral streets, containing good slated 
 houses, some excellent and commo- 
 dious shops, the sales in which, even 
 in 1826, were estimated to pay upwards 
 of L.3000 in direct taxes to Govern- 
 ment. The town contains an elegant 
 Gothic parish church, a large Roman 
 Catholic chapel, a good inn, corn and 
 mill stores, a distillery, and a brewery. 
 There is now a regular export of 
 grain and butter to Liverpool, and an 
 import trade from America. In 1825 
 seven cargoes were imported direct 
 into Clifden for the use of the inha- 
 bitants of the interior. In the town 
 is also held a corn market ; and the 
 cultivation of the surrounding dis- 
 trict is considerably improved. In 
 1835 the tons of oats sold at Clifden 
 amounted to 289 ; of barley, 150 tons ; 
 at present upwards of 1000 tons. In 
 the town are a Fever Hospital and 
 some schools. It is not a little re- 
 markable that this thriving town 
 never cost the proprietor one shilling. 
 “He pointed out,” says Mr Inglis, 
 “the advantages which would accrue 
 to this remote neighbourhood from 
 having a town and a sea-port so si- 
 tuated, and he offered leases for ever 
 of a plot of ground for building, to- 
 gether with four acres of mountain 
 land, at a very short distance from the 
 proposed site of the town, at 25s. per 
 242 
 
 annum. The offer was most advan- 
 tageous, even leaving out of account 
 the benefit which would necessarily 
 be conferred by a town in a district 
 where the common necessaries of life 
 had to be purchased thirty miles dis- 
 tant, and where there was no market, 
 and no means of export for agricul- 
 tural produce. So the town of Clif- 
 den was founded, and grew.” Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1257. 
 
 CLIFDEN, a townland and village 
 in the parish of Blanchevilleskill, 
 county of Limerick, which gives the 
 title of Viscount in the Peerage of 
 Ireland to the Family of Agar-Ellis, 
 Barons Mendip and Dover in the 
 Peerage of the United Kingdom. 
 James Agar, Esq., many years repre- 
 sentative of the county of Kilkenny 
 in the Irish Parliament, was advanced 
 to the dignity of Viscount Clifden in 
 1781. 
 
 CLIFFONEY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Ahamlish, county of Sligo, 
 near the shore, two miles from the 
 fishing harbour of Mullaghmore, on 
 the road from Bally shannon to Sligo. 
 Here are a large Roman Catholic cha- 
 pel, a school-house, and a good inn, 
 erected by Lord Viscount Palmerston, 
 who has done much to improve the 
 surrounding bleak district. Fairs 
 are held in May, June, October, No- 
 vember, and December. Post-town, 
 Sligo. 
 
 CLOGH. See Clough. 
 
 CLOGH, a village about seven miles 
 from Ballymena, near the road be- 
 tween that place and Ballymoney. 
 
 CLOGH BRIDGE, a locality ten 
 miles from Dungloe, on the route to 
 Dunfanaghy from The Rosses, which 
 is reached either by ferries across the 
 inlets, or by the assistance of guides, 
 who point out the passes at ebb tides 
 along the strands. At Clogh Bridge 
 is the coast road. 
 
 CLOG HAN, a small town in the 
 parish of Rynagh, King’s County, 
 about four miles from Banagher, near 
 which is the residence of Cloghan 
 Castle. In the vicinity are M‘Cochlin’s 
 Hills, covered with beautiful green 
 
CLO OF IRELAND. CLO 
 
 verdure, and rising to a considerable 
 height, strikingly contrasting with 
 the dreary brown flats below; and 
 Shannon Harbour, which here re- 
 ceives the Brosna river, and forms a 
 junction with the Grand Canal, ex- 
 tending to Ballinasloe. 
 
 CLOGHANE, or Claghane, called 
 South Clahane in the Population Re- 
 turn, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Corkaguiney, county 
 of Kerry, and annexed Dioceses of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe, situated on St 
 Brandons Bay. Population in 1831, 
 2772. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 CLOGHANEELY, a sequestered 
 district, probably the least known and 
 frequented in the county of Donegal, 
 in which rise the mountains Arrigal 
 and Muckish, and containing splendid 
 alpine scenery. At the base of both 
 mountains are a few public-houses, or 
 poteen cabins. 
 
 CLOGHANLEA. See Dungloe. 
 
 CLOGHEEN, a small town in the 
 parish of Tullaharton, county of Tip- 
 perary, about twelve miles from Clon- 
 mel, on the road from Kilkenny by 
 Callan, Nine-Mile-House, Clonmel, 
 Fermoy, and Watergrass Hill, to Cork. 
 The town contains a Cavalry Barrack, 
 accommodating two troops. In the 
 vicinity are very extensive flour-mills. 
 An excellent road leads from Clogheen 
 across the Knockmeldown Mountains 
 to Lismore and Cappoquin. Upwards 
 of two miles from the town is Shan- 
 bally Castle, a splendid castellated 
 edifice, the seat of Viscount Lismore, 
 and four miles distant are the caves 
 of Mitchelstown. Fairs are held in 
 this town, Whit- Tuesday, and in 
 August, October, and December. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1928. 
 
 CLOGHER, a Diocese of Ireland in 
 the archiepiscopal and metropolitan 
 Province of Armagh, annexed to Ar- 
 I magh by the Act 3d and 4th William 
 i IV., but still retained as a distinct 
 1 bishopric in the Roman Catholic divi- 
 sions. The Diocese comprises the 
 1 greater part of the county of Ferma- 
 j nagh, the whole of Monaghan, and 
 | portions of Donegal, Tyrone, and 
 243 
 
 Louth. The length is estimated at 
 seventy-six miles, the breadth twenty- 
 five miles, comprising forty-five pa- 
 rishes, and an equal number of bene- 
 fices, not including the parochial or 
 perpetual curacies, being the only 
 Irish Diocese in which the benefices 
 coincide with the parishes. In 1834 
 the number of parochial edifices for 
 the celebration of Divine service be- 
 longing to the Church of Ireland were 
 sixty-one; Roman Catholic chapels, 
 eighty-one ; Presbyterian meeting- 
 houses, thirty-two ; other Dissenting 
 meeting-houses, thirty-five. In that 
 year the gross population of the Dio- 
 cese amounted to 399,249, of whom 
 104,359 were members of the Church 
 of Ireland, 260,241 were Roman Ca- 
 tholics, and 34,623 were Presbyterians. 
 At the same time the Diocese con- 
 tained 594 schools, educating 39,102 
 children, of which seventy- two were 
 in connection with the National Board 
 of Education. Clogher is also a Pres- 
 bytery of the former Synod of Ulster, 
 now the General Assembly, which in 
 1841 consisted of seventeen congrega- 
 tions. The first Protestant advanced 
 to this Diocese was Miler Magrath in 
 1570, and he was that year translated ' 
 to the Archbishopric of Cashel. (See | 
 Cashel). At that time the Bishopric 
 was greatly impoverished, but it was 
 afterwards enriched by James I., who 
 granted the revenues of the abbey of 
 Clogher, and in his reign its revenues 
 were returned at L.700 per annum. 
 In some lists the present revenues 
 are stated to be L.8668. It is said 
 that St Patrick was the founder of 
 the Bishopric, and that it is even more 
 ancient than Armagh, but that honour 
 is also assigned to his disciple St Mac- 
 artin, who died about A.D. 506, and 
 who was so assiduous in his attend- 
 ance on the Irish Apostle, that he 
 was called the staff and support of 
 his old age. This St Macartin is 
 recorded as the first Bishop, and the 
 third in succession was St Synell, to 
 whom the Cathedral is dedicated. In 
 the list of the subsequent Bishops are 
 some who are designated by most ex- 
 
CLO THE GAZETTEER CLO 
 
 traordinary names, such as Deoge- 
 agha, Feidlunid, Altingena, Airmea- 
 dach, Moelmoaliair, Odo O'Bingill, 
 Mac-Mal-Josa O’Cullean, and others. 
 The see was filled by seventy-one Bi- 
 shops in succession before the Re- 
 formation, and since by eighteen Bi- 
 shops. Among the names of the 
 Bishops of Clogher since the Reforma- 
 tion are those of Dr James Spottis- 
 woode, John and Robert Lesley, Ri- 
 chard Tennison (translated to Meatli), 
 Roger Boyle, and John Sterne, the 
 last mentioned the munificent founder 
 of the University Printing House in 
 Dublin. The Chapter consists of the 
 Dean, Precentor, Chancellor, Arch- 
 deacon, and five Prebendaries. 
 
 CLOGHER, an old episcopal city, 
 rectory and vicarage, the seat of the 
 Bishopric, now a small decayed town, 
 in the parish and Barony of its name, 
 county of Tyrone, 109 miles from 
 Dublin, situated on the Launy, a tri- 
 butary of the Blackwater. The pa- 
 rish contains 49,760 statute acres, and 
 the district is hilly and poorly culti- 
 vated. According to Sir James Ware, 
 Clogher takes its name from clochoir, 
 or the>golden stone , formerly consulted 
 here for oracular answers by the 
 Druids, at which, says Sir James, 
 “ the devil used to pronounce juggling 
 answers, like the oracles of Apollo 
 Pythius." Before the time of St Mac- 
 artin this place had been the seat of 
 the petty princes of Errigal, a name 
 which still designates a neighbouring 
 parish. St Macartin founded a cell 
 and monastery ; the church was re- 
 built in 1041, and again by Bishop 
 Mathew MacCathasaidh in 1295, who 
 gave it bells and other articles. This 
 edifice was subsequently destroyed by 
 fire, as also the cell of St Macartin, 
 the monastery of the Virgin, two 
 chapels, and a number of minor re- 
 ligious houses, including the episcopal 
 court. Bishop Arthur MaeCamaeil 
 again rebuilt the cathedral; but the 
 present cathedral, which is the parish 
 church, is a plain modern edifice, in 
 the form of a cross, but rather ele- 
 gantly fitted up in the interior. The 
 244 
 
 episcopal palace is a large mansion 
 adjoining the town, in a park inclosing 
 500 acres. On the west of the town 
 is the Deanery, and beyond it the re- 
 sidence of Daisyhill. Clogher con- 
 tains no object of interest, and is in 
 reality a mere village, containing not 
 much more than 100 houses. It has 
 a Presbyterian meeting-house, and 
 fairs are held on the 26th of July, and 
 on the 20th day of every other month. 
 Population in 1831, 524; of the parish, 
 including the towns of Augher and 
 Five-Mile- Town, and the village of 
 Newtown-Saville, 17,996. 
 
 CLOGHER, or Kilclogher, a pa- 
 rish and rectory iu the Barony of 
 Ferrard, county of Louth, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh, on the Irish Sea. 
 St Nectan, the nephew of St Patrick, 
 was abbot here. About two miles 
 from Fermonfeckan, and six miles 
 from Drogheda, is the rocky promon- 
 tory of Clogher Head, which, though 
 little above 180 feet in height, is a 
 conspicuous object from the neigh- 
 bouring flat sandy beach. The strag- 
 gling village of Clogher, a summer 
 resort of the middle classes from the 
 interior of Meath and Louth, is near 
 Clogher Head. Population in 1831, 
 1392. 
 
 CLOGHER, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Kilnemanagh, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 Population in 1831, 2062. Post-town, 
 Thurles. 
 
 CLOGHERBRIEN, a parish and 
 entire rectory, in the Barony of 
 Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and 
 annexed Dioceses of Ardfert and 
 Aghadoe, in the Union of Ballyhag- 
 lish. Population in 1831, 1330. Post- 
 town, Tralee. 
 
 CLOGHEREEN, a village a little 
 beyond Muckross, in the vicinity of 
 Killarney. Here is a comfortable 
 inn, and boats and ponies can be pro- 
 cured. The inn is situated close to 
 the shore of the Middle Lake of Kil- 
 larney, near the base of Mangerton, 
 and occupies a very beautiful situa- 
 tion. In the vicinity is the Turk 
 waterfall. 
 
CLO OF IRELAND. CLO 
 
 CLOGHERNY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Omagh, county 
 of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh. Population in 1831, 6785. Post- 
 town, Omagh. 
 
 CLOGHJORDAN, a pleasantly si- 
 tuated village in the Barony of Lower 
 Ormond, county of Tipperary, near 
 which are the residences of North- 
 land (Danser, Bart.), Sopwell Hall, 
 Castle- Shepherd, Ballin, and Letty- 
 ville. Population in 1831, 824. It is 
 also a parochial district, population, 
 2770. 
 
 CLOGHMANTAGH, or Clomax- 
 tagh, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Crannagh, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Ossory. 
 The name of this parish signifies the 
 Stone oj God, and on the summit of 
 i Cloghmantagh Hill is a huge circular 
 | heap of stones, within an inclosed 
 area of about three acres. Population 
 i in 1831, 889. Post-town, Freshford. 
 
 CLOGHNAKILTY, a market and 
 post-town in the parish of Kilgariff, 
 county of Cork, 152 miles from Dublin, 
 on the road from Cork by Bandon, 
 Ross-Carbery, and Skibbereen, to 
 Bantry. It is situated at the head of 
 the bay of its name, from which, how- 
 ever, it derives little advantage, as the 
 mouth of the channel is impeded by 
 the accumulation of sand ; but small 
 sloops of 30 tons can occasionally reach 
 the quay, and corn and potatoes are 
 shipped for Dublin. The greater 
 part of this town has been built since 
 1790, at which time a rapid improve- 
 ment took place. Quays and exten- 
 sive stores were erected, and Clogh- 
 nakilty was constituted an indepen- 
 dent market. Previous to this most 
 of the articles of domestic consump- 
 tion were purchased by retail from 
 Cork and Bandon. About the same 
 period the town became the best 
 frequented linen and yarn market in 
 the district, and the annual sales 
 effected often amounted to L.30,000. 
 There is still some business done in 
 spinning yarn and the manufacture of 
 coarse linens, but these branches of 
 trade have declined, and the principal 
 245 
 
 avocation is the exportation of grain. 
 The public buildings are the parish 
 church, an elegant Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a Military Barrack, a Court- 
 House, and Bridewell. Cloghnakilty 
 received a charter of incorporation 
 from James I. in 1613, by the influence 
 of Sir Richard Boyle, who was its first 
 patron, and in some measure the 
 founder. It returned two members 
 to the Irish Parliament, for the loss 
 of which privilege the Earl of Shan- 
 non received L. 15,000 at the Union as 
 a compensation. By the Municipal 
 Bill the Corporation consists of a 
 Sovereign, Free Burgesses, and Com- 
 monalty. The Earl of Shannon’s 
 seneschal holds a court for the re- 
 covery of small debts, and petty ses- 
 sions are held by the county justices, 
 sovereign, and recorder. There are 
 several schools. Population in 1831, 
 3807. 
 
 CLOGHN ALLIS, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of South Salt, 
 county and Diocese of Kildare. Post- 
 town, Rathcoole. 
 
 CLOGH-PRIOR, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Ormond, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Killaloe, annexed to the 
 rectory and vicarage of Finnoe. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1452. Post-town, 
 Borris-o-Kane. 
 
 CLOGHRAN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Coolock, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, often desig- 
 nated Cloghran-Swords. Population 
 in 1831, 613. Post-town. Swords. 
 
 CLOGHRAN -HID ART, a small 
 parochial division in the Barony of 
 Castleknock, county of Dublin. 
 
 CLOGHROE, a village in the Ba- 
 rony of Barretts, county of Cork. 
 
 CLOG RENAN HILLS, a range of 
 beautiful green sloping hills in the 
 county of Carlow, blending with the 
 vale of the Barrow. 
 
 CLOHAMON, a village about two 
 miles from Newtownbarry, on the 
 banks of the Slaney, at which is a 
 small cotton factory. In the vicinity 
 is the residence of Clohamon Lodge. 
 
 CLONABRENY, a parish and rec- 
 
CLO 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 CLO 
 
 tory in the Barony of Demifore, 
 county and Diocese of Meath, also 
 called R us sag'll, in the Union of 
 Loughcrew. Post-town, Oldcastle. 
 
 CLONAFF, or Cloonaff, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the east of the 
 j Barony of Roscommon, and Diocese 
 of Elphin, comprising 1527 Irish acres. 
 
 CLONAGHEEN, a parish, rectory 
 j and vicarage, in the Barony of Mary- 
 i borough East, Queen’s County, and 
 I Diocese of Leighlin, united to the 
 i rectory of Clonenagh. Post-town, 
 
 ' Mountrath. 
 
 CLONAGOOSE, or Clongoose, a 
 | parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Idrone, county of Carlow, and Dio- 
 cese of Leighlin, on the Barrow river. 
 Population in 1831, 2394. Post-town, 
 
 , Goresbridge. See Borris. 
 
 CLONALLAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Upper 
 Iveagh, county of Down, and Diocese 
 of Dromore, extending along Carling- 
 ford Bay. Population in 1831, 8630. 
 Post-town, Rosstrevor. 
 
 CLONALVEY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Upper 
 Duleek, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 1055. Post-town, 
 Drogheda. 
 
 CLONAMEXY, or Clonamery, or 
 Ci.ttin, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Ida, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Ossory, on the 
 river Nore. Population in 1831, 790. 
 Post-town, Inistiogue. 
 
 CLONAJRD, a parish and village in 
 the Barony of Moyfenragh, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, on the river 
 Boyne. The village of Clonard, now 
 a poor place, is of great antiquity, and 
 was the seat of a Bishopric, alleged to 
 have been founded by St Finian about 
 A.D. 520. This St Finian, a person 
 of noble descent, also founded here an 
 abbey for canons-regular, and a col- 
 lege, which was the resort of many 
 students, and produced some distin- 
 guished scholars. It is to be observ- 
 ed, however, that these statements 
 are given on the sole authority of 
 Irish tradition , yet there is no doubt 
 that Clonard is of great repute in 
 246 
 
 ecclesiastical annals. Some ruins of 
 St Finian’s abbey still remain, and the 
 tomb of the holy man is supposed to 
 have been at the south side of the 
 altar, behind a double arch of the 
 Saxon style, divided by a pillar pene- 
 trated by iron bars. O’Melaghlin, 
 King of Meath, established a nunnery 
 at Clonard previous to the arrival of 
 the English, which he dedicated to 
 the Virgin : Clonard was one of those 
 little bishoprics, such as Trim, Ard- 
 braccan, Dunshaughlin, Slane, Clon- 
 macross, and Fore, which were all 
 united to the See of Meath in the be- 
 ginning of the thirteenth century. In ; 
 the list of its ancient prelates are 
 Fienmale MacGirthed, called a “ chos- 
 en soldier of Christ Rumold Mac- 
 Cathasach, the “rich repository of 
 wisdom;” and Moctran, the “foun- 
 tain of religion and virtue among the 
 Irish.” About 1206 Simon Rochfort, 
 Bishop of Meath, thought proper to 
 abandon Clonard, and fix the episcopal 
 residence at Newtown near Trim, 
 erecting the abbey church of St Peter 
 and St Paul, which he had recently 
 founded for Augustine canons, into 
 the cathedral. At the Reformation 
 the church of St Mary’s Abbey at 
 Ballymore,in Westmeath, was consti- 
 tuted the cathedral of Clonard. A 
 succession of seventy bishops of this 
 See is given, from St Finian to Dr 
 Henry Jones, translated from Clogher 
 in 1661, when the bishopric merged 
 into that of Meath. The celebrated 
 Archbishop Usher w;as Bishop of | 
 Clonard previous to his translation to i 
 Armagh. This place is now a mere 
 curacy, and the incumbent is even 
 minus of the rectorial tithes, though 
 out of the wreck of St Finian* s patri- 
 mony a glebe house, and upwards of 
 100 acres, still belong to the incum- 
 bent. Population of the village in 
 1831, 459 ; of parish, 4353. 
 
 CLONARNY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Delvin, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath, 
 annexed to the parishes of Delvin and j 
 Ballycoyne. Post-town, Castletown- I 
 Delvin. 
 
CLO 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 CLO 
 
 CLONASLIE, a small post-town or 
 village in the parish of Kilmanman, 
 Queen’s County, on the roadfrom Por- 
 tarlington to Birr, or Parsonstown, by 
 Mountmellick and Rosencllis. Near 
 it ar e'the ruins of Castle- Cuffe, and the 
 residence of Brittas. The country on 
 one side, in this quarter, is level, 
 bleak, and boggy ; but on the other 
 side agreeably diversified by the slopes 
 of the Slievebloom Mountains. 
 
 CLONBEG, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 i Emly. Population in 1831, 3662. 
 Post town, Tipperary. 
 
 CLONBERN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Half Bally moe,coun- 
 | ty of Galway, and Barony of Half Bal- 
 j lymoe. Population in 1831, 2374. 
 Post-town, Dunmore. See Bally- 
 
 I HOE. 
 
 CLONBROCK, a locality cwo miles 
 from Ahascragh, in the county of 
 | Galway, at which is the fine seat of 
 Lord Clonbrock. Robert Dillon, de- 
 scended from the same ancestor as 
 the Earls of Roscommon and the Vis- 
 1 counts Dillon, was created Baron 
 i Clonbrock, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 in 1790. 
 
 I CLONBRONEY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Baronies of Ardagh 
 | and Granard, county of Longford, 
 
 | and annexed Diocese of Ardagh. The 
 | great St Patrick is the reputed founder 
 I of a nunnery here, and placed in it 
 j two holy ladies, who were sisters of 
 ! St Guascat, abbot of Lerha. This 
 | nunnery was destroyed by fire in 
 i A.D. 778. The Abbe Edgeworth, 
 who attended Louis XVI. on the scaf- 
 fold, was born at Firmount. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4819. 
 
 CLONBULLOGE, or Purefoy’s 
 Place, a village in the parish of Clon- 
 sart, King’s County, about six miles 
 from Edenderry. 
 
 CLONBULLOGE, or Clonbo- 
 logce, a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Clanwilliam, county ofTipper- 
 ary, and Diocese of Cashel, annexed 
 to several other parishes. Post-town, 
 Tipperary. 
 
 247 
 
 CLONCAGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Connello, county . 
 and Diocese of Limerick, united to 
 the vicarage of Clonelty. Post-town, 
 Rathkeale. 
 
 CLONCHA, or Concagh, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony of j 
 Ennishowen, county of Donegal, and 
 Diocese of Derry, bounded on the 
 north and east by the Atlantic, and 
 partly on the west by the inlet called 
 Strabregagh, which is a kind of har- 
 bour, admitting vessels of 150 tons, 
 but its bar very dangerous, and the 
 channel at the entrance extremely 
 narrow. The coast on each side of 
 this harbour is rocky, and a series of j 
 picturesque precipices is displayed ! 
 between Strabregagh and Coolort, 
 and from Malin Well to Glengad. The 
 tides are remarkably rapid near Malin ! 
 Head and the Sound of Innistrahul, an 
 island about three miles eastward of 
 the former. Strabregagh has often 
 been mistaken for Lough Swilly, and 
 some melancholy shipwrecks have 
 been the consequence. This inlet, 
 which is the only harbour in the, parish, 
 extends nearly north and south, and 
 its name is derived from the fallacious 
 appearance of the sands in some 
 places, which are dangerous to those 
 unacquainted with the crossing from 
 Malin Head to Clonmany and Donagh. 
 The only mountains are those of 
 Knockbrack and Knockamena, cover- 
 ed with brown heath, and there are 
 several bogs, of which the largest is 
 that of Templemoyle. The minerals ! 
 are limestone, schistose, granite, and 
 beautiful pebbles found at Malin 
 Head. On that promontory is a square 
 signal tow'er, built by order of the Ad- j 
 miralty. At Coolort are some vestiges j 
 of a monastery; and the ruins of 1 
 churches, surrounded by burying- j 
 grounds, occur at Templemoyle and 
 Lagg. The centre portion of a large ! 
 sculptured cross is near the parish 
 church, and at Larachril is a circle, 60 
 feet in diameter, of twelve upright 
 stones. The isthmus of the large 
 peninsular rock of Dunmore is a deep 
 ravine. At Lagg and Larachril are , 
 
CLO THE GAZETTEER CLO 
 
 Roman Catholic chapels, and a Pres- 
 byterian meeting-house is at Goory. 
 “Near Malin Head,” says the Rev. 
 i Edward Chichester, “is a small hol- 
 ! low in a rock, which is filled with sea- 
 water at every tide. It is reputed to 
 possess a miraculous power of curing 
 diseases, and is consequently a serious 
 nuisance to the neighbourhood, for it 
 invites strollers and mendicants^ of 
 the worst description from the three 
 adjoining counties.” Population in 
 1831, 6654. Post-town, Cara. 
 
 CLONCLARE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Dromahaire, 
 county of Leitrim, and Diocese of 
 Kilmore, containing part of the post- 
 town of Manor-Hamilton. Population 
 in 1831, 9128. 
 
 CLONCRAFF, or Cloonaff, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony and county of Roscommon, and 
 Diocese of Elphin, annexed to the pa- 
 rishes of Aughrim and Kilummed. 
 Population in 1831, 3215. Post-town, 
 Strokestown. 
 
 CLONCURRY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Ikeathy and 
 Oughterany, and partly in the Barony 
 of East Ophalv, county and Diocese 
 of Kildare, situated on the Black- 
 water. The ruins of the church, 
 and the large green moat in the vici- 
 nity, attract the notice of travellers. 
 This parish gives the title of Baron, 
 in the Peerage of Ireland, to the fa- 
 mily of Lawless. Sir Nicholas Law- 
 less was created a Baronet of Ireland 
 in 1776, and Lord Cloncurry in 1781. 
 His son, the second Baron, was creat- 
 ed Baron Cloncurry of the United 
 Kingdom in 1 831 . Population in 1831, 
 2299. Post-town, Kilcock. 
 
 CLONDALKIN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Uppercross, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The ancient village of Clondalkin is 
 four miles from Dublin, on the road 
 to Rathcoole and Naas, and is distin- 
 guished by its round tower, 84 feet in 
 height. At a short distance is the 
 j Grand Canal. The country in this 
 ! quarter is open and flat, and in the 
 i vicinity of the village are several resi- 
 248 
 
 dences and neat villas. There are 
 still some remains of the old castle, 
 and Clondalkin could once boast of a 
 palace, said to have been destroyed in 
 A.D. 866. Here is an extensive pow- 
 der-mill. Population in 1831, 2976. 
 
 CLONDEGAD, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Islands, county 
 of Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe, on 
 the river Shannon. Population in 
 1831, 4650. Post-town, Ennis. 
 
 CLONDEHORKE Y, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Kilmacrenan, county of Donegal, and 
 Diocese of Raphoe, on the remote, 
 desolate, and dreary estuary of Sheep- 
 haven. Population in 1831, 6477. 
 Post-town, Dunfanaghy. 
 
 CLONDELANE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Baronies of Condons 
 and Clongibbons, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne. Population in 
 1831, 1584. Post-town, Fermoy. 
 
 CLONDERMOT, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Liberties of the county of 
 the city of Londonderry, and Diocese 
 of Derry, situated on the Failghan 
 river. See Londonderry. 
 
 CLONDEVADDOCK, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Kilmacrenan, county of Donegal, 
 and Diocese of Raphoe, situated on 
 Mulroy Bay. Population in 1831, 
 9565. Post-town, Ramelton. 
 
 CLONDROHID, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of West 
 Muskerry, county of Cork, and Dio- 
 cese of Cloyne. Here are several 
 Danish raths and a Druidical crom- 
 lech. Population in 1831, 5293. Post- 
 town, Macroom. 
 
 CLONDUFF, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Upper Iveagh, 
 county of Down, and Diocese ot Dro- 
 more, on the Bann river, containing 
 the village of Hilltown and several 
 hamlets. There are two Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapels and a Presbyterian 
 meeting-house. Population in 1831, 
 7916. 
 
 CLONDULANE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Baronies of Fermoy, 
 and of Clondons and Clongibbons, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 
 
CLO OF IRELAND. CLO 
 
 on both sides of the Blackwater. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1585. Post-town, 
 Fermoy. 
 
 CLONE, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Galmoy, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Ossory. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 929. Post-town, 
 Freshford. 
 
 CLONE, or Cloone, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Carrigallen and Mohill, county of 
 Leitrim, and annexed Diocese of Ar- 
 dagh, watered by the Clone rivulet. 
 Fairs are held in the parish in Feb- 
 ruary, April, May, June, July, Au- 
 gust, September, November, and De- 
 cember. Population, 19,589. 
 
 CLONE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Baronies of Gorey and Scare- 
 walsh, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns. Population in 1831, 
 1318. Post-town, Ferns. 
 
 CLONE A, a parish, impropriate 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Decies-without-Drum, county of 
 Waterford, and Diocese of Lismore, 
 on the Bay of Clonea in St George’s 
 Channel. Population in 1831, 773. 
 Post-town, Dungarvan. 
 
 CLONECHORKE, also Clonehork 
 and Clonechurch, a parochial chapelry 
 in the Barony of Upper Philipstown, 
 King’s County, and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare, annexed to the parish of Geas- 
 hill. Population in 1831, 1667. Post- 
 town, Portarlington. 
 
 CLONEE, a village in the parish 
 of Dunboyne, county of Meath, on 
 the stream of its name. Near it are 
 the residence of Summer-seat and 
 several villas. This village is seven 
 miles from Dublin, on the road to 
 Navau by Blackbull. 
 
 CLONEEN, or Clonyne, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Baronies 
 of Middletbird and Slievehardagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, in the Union of Fethard. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1680. Post-town, 
 Fethard. 
 
 CLONEGAL, a small town in the 
 parish of Myacomb, county of Car- 
 low, pleasantly situated on the river 
 Derry. It has a number of fairs, and 
 249 
 
 near it are the villas of Sandhill, 
 Huntingdon, and Prospect. 
 
 CLONEGAM, or Clonegan, a pa- 
 rish and entire rectory in the Barony 
 of Middlethird, county of Waterford, 
 and Diocese of Lismore, on the river 
 Suir. Population in 1831, 2220. Post- 
 town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 CLONEGOWAN, a village in the 
 Barony of Philipstown, King’s Coun- 
 ty, about four miles from Portarling- 
 ton. 
 
 CLONELTY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Connello, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick. Post-town, 
 Rathkeale. 
 
 CLONENAGH, a large parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Cullagh and Maryborough, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Leighlin. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 18,136. Post-town, 
 Mountrath. 
 
 CLONES, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, partly in the Barony of 
 Clonhilly, county of Fermanagh, and 
 partly in that of Dartoy and Mo- J 
 naghan, county of Monaghan, and j 
 Diocese of Clogher. The small town 
 of Clones, 60 miles from Dublin by j 
 Navan, Nobber, Shercock, and Coote- 
 hill, is situated on the confines of the j 
 counties of Fermanagh and Monaghan, j 
 but in the latter county, is surround- j 
 ed by a well cultivated and interesting | 
 district, varied with round, fertile, ! 
 and low hills, in the hollows between | 
 which are numerous small lakes and ! 
 marshes. The town of Clones is very 
 ancient; an abbey, dedicated to St 
 Peter and St Paul, was founded here 
 by one St Tigemaeh in the sixth cen- 
 tury, and it is said that the head of 
 this Augustine establishment was the 
 first mitred abbot in Ireland. On the 
 south side of the town are the ruins 
 of an abbey and a chapel, and also a 
 round tower. In the vicinity are two 
 Danish raths. Considerable business 
 is done in the linen trade, and large 
 quantities of grain are sold at the 
 weekly markets. The retail trade is 
 also of some importance, and fairs are 
 held on the last Thursday of each j 
 month. The town enjoys the benefit j 
 
 — — ■ ■ 
 
CLO THE GAZETTEER CLO 
 
 of the Ulster Canal, which is within a 
 short distance. In the neighbour- 
 hood are several very extensive corn- 
 mills. The town contains the pa- 
 rish church, and a Roman Catholic 
 chapel; and two Methodist meeting- 
 houses ; and several Presbyterian meet- 
 ing-houses are in the vicinity. In the 
 town and parish are various schools. 
 In 1840 the principal work in Clones 
 was a brewery. Population of the 
 town in 1831, 2381; of the whole parish, 
 22,254. 
 
 CLONEY, or Clowney, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Corcomroe, annexed Diocese of 
 Kilfenora, and county or Clare, con- 
 stituting the corps of the Deanery of 
 Kilfenora. Population in 1831, 3371. 
 Post-town, Ennistymon. 
 
 CLONEY, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Bunratty, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more. Population in 1831, 3531. Post- 
 town, Ennis. 
 
 CLONFAD-FORAN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Fartullagh, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 1369. 
 
 CLONFEAKLE, or Clonfecle, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Dungannon, county of Ty- 
 rone, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 but some parts of it extend into the 
 Baronies of Armagh and O’Neilland 
 West, county of Armagh. This pa- 
 rish, which is very extensive and po- 
 pulous, is on the Blackwater, and con- 
 tains Blackwater town and numerous 
 villages and hamlets. The word 
 Clonfeckle signifies the church of the 
 tooth, and the parish is so designated 
 because a tooth of St Patrick was pre- 
 served here. The adventures of this 
 relic are not recorded, and it has long 
 disappeared. The parish church oc- 
 cupies the site of an abbey, of which 
 one St Lugud, or St Lugaid, was 
 abbot about A. D. 580. Population in 
 1831, 19,547. Post-town, Armagh. 
 
 CLONFERT, a Diocese formerly 
 in the Archiepiscopal Province of 
 j Tuam, now annexed to Killaloe, but 
 still a distinct Diocese in the Roman 
 250 
 
 Catholic divisions. The Diocese of 
 Clonfert comprises the south-east part 
 of the county of Galway, and extends 
 partially to the borders of Roscom- 
 mon and the King’s County, the length 
 from east to west about 30 miles, and 
 breadth from north to south nearly 
 25 miles. It contains 38 parishes, 
 constituting eleven benefices. The 
 Chapter consists of the Dean, Arch- 
 deacon, Treasurer, and nine Preben- 
 daries. In 1834, the gross population 
 of the Diocese amounted to 123,848, of 
 whom were returned 4761 persons as 
 members of the Church of Ireland, and 
 119,082 Roman Catholics, thus leaving 
 only five Presbyterians or other Dis- 
 senters out of this densely populated 
 district. In that year there were 111 
 schools in the Diocese, some of which 
 are in connection with the National 
 Board of Education. The Bishopric 
 of Clonfert merged into the joint See 
 of Killaloe and Kilfenora by the act 
 3d and 4th William IV. Some allege 
 that St Brendan was the first Bishop 
 of Clonfert, but others assign that 
 honour to St Moena. Assuming the 
 latter holy man, who died A.D. 571, 
 to be the founder, there was a succes- 
 sion of fifty-eight Bishops of Clonfert, 
 of whom twenty-four were Protestant 
 prelates. Dr Christopher Butson was 
 the last Bishop of Clonfert, as a sepa- 
 rate Diocese in the Church of Ire- 
 land. The See of Kilmacduagh was 
 annexed to Clonfert at the end of the 
 sixteenth century, during the epis- 
 copate of Roland Lynch, who is ac- 
 cused of having “ most fraudulently 
 alienated much of the lands of both 
 Sees.” The income of the Bishops 
 of Clonfert, it is said, was chiefly de- 
 rived from what was called the quar - 
 ta pars, or the fourth part of the 
 tithes of each parish. 
 
 CLONFERT, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Longford, and coun- 
 ty of Galway, near the Shannon. The 
 old episcopal city of Clonfert is now 
 a mere village, within five miles of 
 the poor decayed town of Eyrecourt, 
 between that place and Shannon 
 Bridge. The name signifies a won - 
 
CLO OF IRELAND. CLO 
 
 derful den, or place of retirement, and 
 the little village of Clonfert corre- 
 sponds to the latter description, as it 
 is perched on an isolated height sur- 
 rounded by bogs. St Brendan found- 
 ed an abbey here about A.D. 558, of 
 which he was the superior, and he 
 was interred in it A.D. 577, after a 
 long life of 93 years. In his time was 
 founded the cathedral, subsequently 
 famous for its seven altars. The 
 western front, erected by Bishop 
 John, an Italian, the Papal nuncio, 
 afterwards Archbishop of Benevento, 
 in 1270, was noted for the delicacy of 
 the workmanship. The present edi- 
 fice, now the parish church, is a capa- 
 cious structure of some antiquity, and 
 near it are the ruins of its old pre- 
 decessor. The episcopal residence 
 was built in 1640 by Bishop Dawson. 
 Fairs are held at Clonfert in August 
 and November. Population of vil- 
 lage in 1831, 149 ; of parish, 5915. 
 
 CLONFERT, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Duhallow, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, includ- 
 ing the post-towns of Kanturk and 
 Newmarket. Population in 1831, 
 14,145. 
 
 CLONFERT-MULLOE, or Kyi.e, 
 a parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Upper Ossory, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Killaloe. Here 
 was a monastery, founded in the sixth 
 century by one St Molua or St Luan, 
 who died in A.D. 622, and whose fes- 
 tival is observed on the 4th of August. 
 It is recorded of this holy man that 
 he laboured under leprosy twenty 
 years before his death. On the Kyle 
 Hill is the ancient judgment-seat or 
 tribunal of the Fitzpatricks, formed 
 in the solid rock, and designated by 
 the peasantry the Fairy Chair. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1810. Post-town, 
 Borris-in-Ossory. 
 
 CLONFINGLASS, a parochial cha- 
 pelry in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Tipperary. 
 
 CLONFINLOUGH, a parish and 
 /icarage in the Barony and county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 It comprises 3025 Irish acres, in the 
 251 
 
 south part of the Barony. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4540. Post-town, Strokes- 
 town. 
 
 CLONGEEN, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Sliel- 
 malier, eounty of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns. 
 
 CLONGILL, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Morgallion, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Population 
 in 1831, 514. Post-town, Navan. 
 
 CLONGISH, a parish, rectory, and 
 vicarage, in the Barony and county of 
 Longford, and annexed Diocese of 
 Ardagh. Population in 1831, 6736. 
 Post-tow r n, Longford. 
 
 CLONGOWES, a seminary or col- 
 lege of the Jesuits, about 15 miles 
 from Dublin, on the road by Celbridge 
 to Rathangan. It is a large castel- 
 lated Gothic edifice, situated in a fine 
 park, entered by an embattled gate. 
 
 CLONIE, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of B unrat ty, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 3531. Post- 
 town, Enni^ 
 
 CLONKEEHAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony and county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 Population in 1831, 333. 
 
 CLONKEEN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Tyaquin, county 
 of Galway, and annexed Diocese of 
 Clonfert, on the Moyne river. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1806. Post-town, 
 Athenry. 
 
 CLONKEEN, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly. Population in 1831, 628. Post- 
 town, Castle-Connell. 
 
 CLONKEEN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ardee, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. Population in 1831, 1981. 
 Post-town, Ardee. 
 
 CLONKELLY, or Clankelly, a 
 Barony in the east part of the county 
 of Fermanagh. 
 
 CLONLARKEA, a part of the en- 
 tire rectory of Glenbrokane, in the 
 county of Limerick. 
 
 CLONLEA, a parish, rectory and 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 CLO 
 
 CLO 
 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Tullagh, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 3105. Post- 
 town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 CLONLEAD, or Clontead, a pa- 
 rish and impropriate curacy in the 
 Barony of Kinsale, county and Dio- 
 cese of Cork, within the Liberties of 
 the town of Kinsale, but the church 
 is in Tracton parish. Population in 
 j 1831, 1382. 
 
 CLONLEGEIGH. See Lifford. 
 
 CLONLEIGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Bantry, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, in 
 ; the Union of St Mary’s, New Ross. 
 
 I Post-town, New Ross. 
 
 CLONLOGHAN, a parish, rectory 
 j and vicarage, in the Barony of Bun- 
 ratty, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe, near the Shannon. Popula- 
 j tion in 1831, 763. Post-town, Six- 
 Mile-Bridge. 
 
 I CLONLOGHER, a parish and vi- 
 I carage in the Barony ofDromerhaine, 
 county of Leitrim, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more, annexed to the vicarages of 
 j Cloncare and Killasnet. ,s 
 i CLONLONAN, a Barony of the 
 county of Westmeath, comprising four 
 parishes, and almost exclusively a 
 boggy district. 
 
 CLONM ACDUFF, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Upper Navan, 
 county and Diocese of Meath, in the 
 Union of Ardbraccan. Population 
 in 1831, 716. Post-town, Trim. 
 
 CLONMACNOIS, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Garrycastle, 
 King’s County, and Diocese of Meath, 
 on the eastern bank of the Shannon. 
 Clonmacnois is famous in ancient 
 annals, and may in some respects be 
 regarded as the Iona of Ireland. The 
 monastery, which belonged to the 
 canons of St Augustine, was in the 
 greatest celebrity, and was enriched 
 by several kings and princes. The 
 property was so extensive, and the 
 cells so numerous, that one half of 
 Ireland is said to have been within the 
 boundaries of Clonmacnois. Many 
 distinguished persons were here in- 
 terred, and its college was long held 
 252 
 
 in the highest reputation. Clonmac- 
 nois was a Bishop’s See, founded by 
 St Kiarran about A.D. 548, and it had 
 a succession of forty-six Prelates till 
 1568, when it was annexed by Parlia- 
 mentary authority to the See of 
 Meath, at the death of Bishop Wall, 
 who had originally been a Dominican 
 Friar. One of its early Bishops was 
 called Colman, who was considered 
 the “ wisest doctor in all Ireland.” 
 Some of the succeeding prelates re- 
 joiced in the most original and tcripro- 
 nounceable names, such as Durachid 
 O’Bravin, Ectigan O’Ergain, Ailild 
 O’Harretaigh, Moriertach O’Melider, 
 Tigernach O’Moelcoin, and Murragh 
 O’Murrechan, all genuine Milesian 
 personages. The Chapter consisted 
 of the Dean, Chanter, Chancellor, 
 Treasurer, Archdeacon, and twelve 
 Prebendaries ; but the Deanery is the 
 only dignity now preserved, to -which 
 the Prebend of Clogran is annexed ; 
 and the incumbent is possessed of a 
 seal of office, which is supposed to be 
 the ancient episcopal seal of the Bi- 
 shopric. An ancient brazen seal, be- 
 longing to the Deans of this See, was 
 also discovered by a person while 
 digging a grave in the old burial- 
 grouDd of Tassagh, four miles south 
 of Armagh, and is inscribed — Sigil- 
 lum Marci Linch, Decan. de Clon- 
 macnosiiy and must have been of prior 
 date to 1518. The Friary of Tassagh 
 belonged to the canons-regular of St 
 Augustine at Clonmacnois, and it is 
 not unlikely that old Dean Linch re- 
 tired to this place to end his days, and 
 that the seal was placed in his coffin. 
 
 Clonmacnois is four miles above 
 the little town of Shannon Bridge, on 
 the old road leading to Athlone, 
 where a ridge of low, brown-swarded, 
 and gravelly hills extends along the 
 Shannon. The river here traverses 
 a dreary plain of mixed bog, meadow, 
 and pasture, destitute of either vil- 
 lage or hamlet, and winding past the 
 solitary ruins of what are called the 
 “ Seven Churches” of Conmacnois. 
 The Shannon in this part of its course 
 for several miles is deep and broad. 
 
CLO OF IRELAND. CLO 
 
 but its appearance is remarkably un- 
 interesting, the banks flat, and often 
 imindated during the winter and 
 rainy seasons. It is said that from 
 Athlone to Shannon Bridge the fall 
 is only seven inches, and the river 
 resembles the level of a great natural 
 canal, even in the driest weather 
 brim full. The ruins, considered as 
 a group, occupy a gently-swelling 
 bank rising from the river, inclosed 
 especially on the north and east by a 
 most extensive tract of bog. The 
 present buildings are of various dates, 
 from probably the seventh to the 
 twelfth century, and consist of two 
 round towers, some crosses, and re- 
 mains of churches, but the last men- 
 tioned, with the exception of a church 
 which still displays some fine work- 
 manship, are merely fragments of 
 cells supposed to have been places of 
 sepulture. The large Round Tower 
 adjoins this church, and the small 
 one is connected with one of the de- 
 tached edifices. It is said that St 
 Kiarran of Clonard founded the abbey 
 about A.D. 648, which was subse- 
 quently raised to the rank of a cathe- 
 dral church, and so continued till the 
 See of Clonmacnois was annexed to 
 Meath in 1568. A burying-ground, 
 of nearly three English acres, in 
 which are the ruins of several reli- 
 gious edifices, surrounds this church, 
 inclosed by a wall, at two of the 
 angles of which are the Round Towers 
 already mentioned, the one said to 
 have been erected by O’Rourke, the 
 other by MacCartby. The buildings 
 within the precincts are chiefly small 
 chapels or cells erected over family 
 graves by various Irish kings and 
 chieftains, who, though at perpetual 
 and bloody feud with each other dur- 
 ing their lives, were contented to lie 
 peaceably in death. These chapels 
 or cells are respectively knowTi as 
 Temple- Righ, built by O’Melaughlin, 
 King of Meath ; Temple- Connor, erect- 
 ed by O’Conor Don; Ternple-Mac- 
 Dermot, founded by MacDermot, 
 Prince of Coolavin; and two others 
 founded by O’Kelly and MacCartby ! 
 
 253 
 
 More. Two richly carved monumen- 
 tal crosses stand near the western 
 door of Temple-MacDermot, one of 
 which is fifteen feet high, formed of 
 a single stone. In the vicinity are 
 the remains of several other religious 
 edifices, and a small modern parish 
 church is added to the group. The 
 tombs of St Kiarran, and of Roderick 
 O’Connor, King of Ireland, are still 
 pointed out at Clonmacnois, the lat- 
 ter on the north of the high altar in 
 the church. St Kiarran, who is de- 
 scribed as a carpenter’s son, and who 
 died in his thirty-third y ear, exhausted 
 by deeds of penance and sanctity, was 
 a disciple of the famous St Finian of 
 Clonard, who was in such great re- 
 pute as a commmentator on the 
 Scriptures, that all the holy men of 
 Ireland, including the twelve saints 
 whom St Patrick constituted apostles, 
 resorted to him to learn wisdom from 
 his animated discourses. Clonmac- 
 nois has long been a resort of pil- 
 grims, dozens of whom are often seen | 
 kneeling before the ancient crosses j 
 in the churchyard. Thousands of | 
 persons often assemble from all parts ' 
 of Ireland to do penance on St Kiar- 
 ran’s Day, which is the 9tli of Septem- 
 ber. The village of Shannon Bridge 
 is within the parish. (See Shannon 
 Bridge.) In the centre of the parish 
 is the lake of Clonfalagh, in the town- 
 land of its name, covering ninety 
 acres, and bounded on the north and 
 east by hills. Population in 1831, 
 4446. Post-town, Forbane. 
 
 CLONMANY, a parish, rectory and 1 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ennis- 1 
 howen, county of Donegal, and Dio- 
 cese of Derry. It is partly bounded 
 on the west by the mouth of Lough 
 S willy, on the north by the Atlantic, 
 and on the east by an arm of the sea 
 called Strabreaga, which separates it 
 from Cloncha. It is watered by the 
 Clonmany and Ballyhallan, the former 
 of which issues from the Meendoran 
 Lough, and both fall into the sea at 
 Binnion Bay. The bogs in this dis- 
 trict were formerly very numerous, 
 but are now disappearing. There 
 
 V 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 CLO 
 
 CLO 
 
 are several mountains of considerable 
 height, and if the parish were planted, 
 some of the scenery would be very 
 grand. The scenery near the parish 
 church is most magnificent. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 6450. Post-town, Carn. 
 
 CLONMEEN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Duhallow, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on the 
 Blackwater. Here was an Augustine 
 monastery, and its castle was demo- 
 lished in the Civil Wars of 1641. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 534. Post-town, 
 Kanturk. 
 
 CLONMEL, or Cove, a parish and 
 vicarage annexed to Temple-Robin, 
 or Reddington, in the Barony of Bar- 
 rymore, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, situated on the Cove of 
 Cork. In the valley extending from 
 the hill above Cove is the old parish 
 church of Clonmel, now in ruins, 
 about a mile from tho city of Cork. 
 
 ! The surrounding burying-ground is 
 | densely tenanted, and a large propor- 
 | tion of the names on the tombstones 
 j are those of strangers, principally 
 \ seafaring persons. Here is interred 
 : Tobin, author of the Honeymoon, who 
 ! died in Cork Harbour on his passage 
 to the West Indies, but his grave is 
 undistinguished. In the cemetery is 
 buried the Rev. Charles Wolfe, for- 
 merly curate of Donoghmore, in the 
 Archdiocese of Armagh, born in 1791, 
 and removed to Cork for the benefit 
 of his health in 1822, where he died 
 in 1823. This highly-gifted person, 
 prematurely cut off by disease, was the 
 author of the celebrated “Lines on 
 the Death of Sir John Moore but a 
 Scotish dominie , the parish school- 
 master of Temple, in the county of 
 Edinburgh, named MTntosh, had the 
 boldness to put forth his claim for the 
 authorship in March 1841, and attempt 
 to deprive Mr Wolfe of his laurels. 
 
 CLONMEL, a town, Parliamentary 
 borough, and entire rectory, in the 
 parish of St Mary, partly in the Ba- 
 rony of Iffa and Offa East, and partly 
 in the Barony of Upperthird, county of 
 Tipperary. It is situated chiefly on 
 the north side of the Suir, but a por- 
 254 
 
 tion of it is on Moore and Long 
 Islands in that river, 108 miles from 
 Dublin by one route, but 83 miles 
 by Kilkenny, Callan, and Nine-Mile- 
 House. Only 361 statute acres are 
 included in the limits fixed by the 
 Boundary Act, comprising the town 
 and the islands, a considerable popu- 
 lation, inhabiting mean cabins, being 
 cut off by that line. 
 
 Clonmel is a town of considerable 
 antiquity, and was formerly surround- 
 ed by walls said to have been built by 
 the Danes. The first English pos- 
 sessor was Otho de Grandison, who 
 founded in it a Franciscan Friary in 
 1269, the church of which was con- 
 sidered one of the most splendid in 
 Ireland, and in great repute for the 
 image of St Francis it contained. A 
 Dominican Friary was also founded 
 here about the same time. This 
 Otho de Grandison obtained a grant 
 of the county of Tipperary. Clonmel, 
 on account of its situation on the 
 frontier of the English Pale, was a 
 convenient station for a rendezvous 
 on emergencies, but little is known of 
 it till the rebellion in favour of Simnel 
 and Warbeck. At the death of Queen 
 Elizabeth the inhabitants evinced 
 symptoms of disaffection, but their 
 disposition to revolt was checked. 
 When the Civil War broke out in 1641, 
 the town declared for the Roman Ca- 
 tholic side, and continued a strong- 
 hold of that party until the end of that 
 unhappy rebellion. Its castle, a place 
 of considerable strength, commanded 
 by Hugh MackeiU, made an obstinate 
 defence against Cromwell, but the 
 garrison were at length compelled to 
 capitulate in 1650, and the fortifica- 
 tions were demolished. The Roman 
 Catholic Bishop of Ross, named Mac- 
 Eagan, was particularly active in col- 
 lecting and animating the troops 
 whom Cromwell had routed in several 
 engagements. He fell into the hands 
 of Lord Broghill, who knew the value 
 of his captive, and offered him his life 
 if he would exert his influence and 
 authority with the garrison of Car- 
 rickdrogid, to induce them to surren- 
 
CLO OF IRELAND. CLO 
 
 der. The Bishop promised to do so 
 in his own manner, but when con- 
 ducted to the fort, he entreated the 
 garrison to maintain their post, and 
 bury themselves in its ruins, rather 
 than yield it to an implacable enemy. 
 He then turned to Lord Broghill, and 
 I desired to be led to the scaffold. The 
 request was politely granted, but as 
 Broghill had neither time nor oppor- 
 tunity to give himself much trouble, 
 he ordered the Bishop to be hanged 
 on the branch of a tree within view 
 of the fort. Although Clonmel was 
 dismantled, the town adhered firmly 
 to the losing paTty until the conclu- 
 ' sion of the wars of the Revolution by 
 | the Treaty of Limerick. There are 
 now few antiquities, and a gatehouse 
 at the end of the main street is the 
 only memorial of the old fortifica- 
 tions. 
 
 Clonmel, in its present state, is a 
 thriving and w’ell built town. The 
 main street runs parallel with the 
 Suir, and from it diverge three streets 
 leading to as many bridges, two of 
 ; which are carried over the islands in 
 i the river. Adjacent to the lowest 
 bridge are the gas-w orks, but more ex- 
 tensive and commodious premises for 
 lighting the town were erected in 
 1841. Near the upper bridge is a 
 House of Instruction. The most pro- 
 i minent public buildings are the Mar- 
 j ket or Court House, a substantial and 
 ! well-built edifice, the County Lunatic 
 Asylum, the Fever Hospital, the 
 House of Industry, the County Jail, 
 the venerable parish church dedicated 
 to St Mary, in the form of a cross, 
 two large Roman Catholic chapels, 
 and meeting-houses for Presbyterians, 
 Methodists, and Quakers. Here are 
 Barracks for a regiment of infantry, 
 some troops of cavalry, and a detach- 
 ment of artillery. The Lunatic 
 Asylum alone cost L.17,588, and the 
 expense was defrayed by fourteen 
 annual instalments by the county. 
 The schools are numerous, one of 
 which is respectably endowed by the 
 Noble Families of Mountcashel and 
 Ormond, and the parochial school has 
 255 
 
 a small endowment of L.7 Irish cur- 
 rency. 
 
 The trade of Clonmel is very ex- 
 tensive, and is rapidly advancing. 
 Here are large distilleries, breweries, 
 and branches of the calico and cotton 
 manufacture. The numerous flour- 
 mills are most commodious edifices, 
 and are of great advantage in the dis- 
 trict, this trade having been brought 
 to its present importance by Messrs 
 Grubb, and other members of the So- 
 ciety of Friends. The exports are 
 chiefly grain, bacon, and butter ; from 
 200,000 to 300,000 barrels of wheat are 
 annually brought into the town ; and 
 as it respects the bacon trade, the 
 average number of pigs during the 
 season is 50,000. The great posting 
 and car establishment of Mr Bianconi, 
 of which Clonmel is the head-quarters, 
 is another source of employment; and 
 if some improvements were made in 
 the navigation of the Suir, there is 
 little doubt that the town would be- 
 come one of the most thriving and 
 wealthy in the Province of Munster. 
 Here are branches of the Bank of 
 Ireland, the Provincial Bank of Ire- 
 land, and of the National Bank of Ire- 
 land ; markets are held twice during 
 the week, and twelve monthly fairs, 
 ten of which are the exclusive pro- 
 perty of the family of Bagwell, the 
 patrons. “At once on entering 
 Clonmell,” says Mr Inglis, “ one per- j 
 ceives a hundred indications of an 
 improving town. It is the chief point j 
 of export for the county of Tipperary, 
 which is one great granary, as well as 
 for parts of other counties, for it is 
 the first point at which water carriage 
 commences. The corn-mills are upon 
 a very extensive scale, and are numer- 
 ous. A corn-mill in England is gene- 
 rally a little picturesque building 
 crossing a rushing stream, and em- 
 ploying the ‘ miller and his men,’ 
 perhaps some half-dozen. Corn-mills 
 at Clonmel are different things. 
 They are like the great factories or 
 mills which w r e find in the English 
 manufacturing districts, and employ 
 as many persons. — The population of 
 
CLO THE GAZETTEER CLO 
 
 Clonmel wears a respectable look; 
 one sees few ragged and barefooted 
 people, and few idlers. There is an 
 appearance of something doing, evi- 
 dently arising from people having an 
 object in view. The shops, too, are 
 good, well filled, and well frequented. 
 Nor must I omit another unequivocal 
 sign of improvement — I found two 
 very respectably stocked booksellers’ 
 shops, and two respectable circulating 
 libraries. — The environs of Clonmel 
 are extremely pretty. The slopes of 
 the hills which form the right bank 
 of the Suir, and which, opposite the 
 town, are of very considerable altitude, 
 are cultivated almost to the summit. 
 From an elevation called Fairy Hill, 
 cn the right bank of the river, about 
 half a mile from Clonmel, a magnifi- 
 cent view of the valley of the Suir is 
 laid open, not surpassed in richness 
 and variety by any of the celebrated 
 vales of England and Wales.” In 
 the neighbourhood are the villas of 
 Glenconner, Heywood, and Summer- 
 ville, and within three miles are the 
 mansions of Knocklofty, a seat of the 
 Earl of Donoughmore ; Kilmanahan 
 Castle, a fine castellated edifice ; 
 Barn, Woodroope, Tickencore, Rath- 
 ronan House (Gough, Bart.) ; and 
 Darling Hill, the seat of Baron Penne- 
 father. 
 
 Clonmel received a charter from 
 James I. in 1609, and the Corporation 
 consisted of a Mayor, Free Burgesses, 
 and Commonalty. The patronage 
 was long in the Bagwell family, who, 
 previous to the passing of the Irish 
 Reform Bill, had also the return of 
 the member for the borough. The 
 Corporation, by the Irish Municipal 
 Act, consists of the Mayor, Free Bur- 
 gesses, and Commonalty, and the bo- 
 rough is divided into the East, West, 
 and South Wards, each ward electing 
 two Aldermen and six Councillors. 
 The property of the Corporation, 
 consisting of not less than 4800 Irish 
 acres, produced only L.416 per annum, 
 a certain intimation that it has been 
 jobbed in the most barefaced manner. 
 The assizes for the county of Tipper- 
 256 
 
 ary are held in Clonmel twice during 
 the year, and the county petty sessions 
 once every fortnight. The borough 
 returns one member to the Imperial 
 Parliament; constituency in 1831, 528. 
 Clonmel gives the title of Earl, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Scott, descended from Captain 
 Thomas Scott, an officer in the ser- 
 vice of William III. His grandson, 
 John Scott, Esq., after filling several 
 important legal offices at the Irish 
 Bar, was appointed Lord Chief- Justice 
 of the King’s Bench in 1784, and on 
 that year was created Baron Earlsfort. 
 He was advanced to the dignity of 
 Viscount Clonmel in 1789, and Earl 
 of Clonmel in 1793. Population in 
 1831, 15,134; of the entire parish of 
 St Mary in 1834, in which the town is 
 situated, 17,853, of whom, according 
 to the First Report of the Commis- 
 sioners for Public Instruction, there 
 were 1737 members of the Church of 
 Ireland, 15,848 Roman Catholics, 44 
 Presbyterians, and 206 other Dissent- 
 ers. Laurence Sterne, the celebrated 
 author of Tristram Shandy, and 
 other well known works, was born at 
 Clonmel in 1714. 
 
 CLONMELLON, a small market 
 and post town in the parish of Killua, 
 county of Westmeath, about six miles 
 from Athboy, on the road to Ennis- 
 killen. The parish church is an ele- 
 gant edifice, adorned with a spire. 
 Near the town are a beautiful sheet 
 of water, the ruins of a church and 
 ancient castle, and in the vicinity is 
 Killua Castle (Chapman, Bart.), an 
 elegant modern'edifice, with extensive 
 and finely planted pleasure-grounds. 
 Fairs are held in January, May, July, 
 and September. 
 
 CLONMESS, an island in the inlet 
 of Sheephaven, county of Donegal, 
 belonging to the parish of Clonde- 
 horkey. 
 
 CLONMETHAN,a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ne- 
 thercross, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin. Population in 1831, 677. 
 Post-town, Swords. 
 
 CLONMINES, a parish and impro- 
 
CLO 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 CLO 
 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Shel- 
 burne, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, watered by the Clon- 
 mines stream, which enters the sea in 
 the harbour of Bannow. The de- 
 cayedborough of Clonminesis situated 
 on a creek, and formerly returned 
 two members to the Irish Parliament, 
 
 ; for the loss of which franchise the 
 i then Earl of Ely, father of the first 
 Marquis of Ely, and Charles Totten- 
 ham, Esq. received L.15,000 as com- 
 I pensation at the Union. The cor- 
 poration is now defunct. The ruins 
 of Clonmines abbey, founded for 
 Augustine friars by the Kavenaghs, 
 are on the banks of the Scar. In 1385 
 this abbey was enlarged and beauti- 
 fied by one Nicholas, styled the Cleric , 
 and was afterwards occupied by the 
 Dominicans. Post-town, Taghmon. 
 
 CLONMOGHAN, or Clonmahon, a 
 Barony of the county of Cavan, divid- 
 I ed into eight parishes, and containing 
 | the town of Ballinagh, the village of 
 Mount-Nugent, and numerous ham- 
 lets. The surface is hilly, and well 
 I adapted for pasture, but fine and fer- 
 tile arable land is in the intervening 
 i valleys. The linen manufacture is a 
 1 principal avocation of the peasantry. 
 
 CLONMDRE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Rathvilly, county of 
 Carlow, and annexed Diocese of 
 Leighlin. The principal object in the 
 district is Clonmore Castle. Ralph 
 Howard, eldest son of Robert Howard, 
 Lord Bishop of Elphin, was created 
 Baron Clonmore, of Clonmore Castle, 
 
 I county of Carlow, in 1778, and Vis- 
 count Wicklow in 1785. This is now 
 i the second title of the Earl of Wick- 
 low. Population in 1831, 2244. Post- 
 town, Hacketstown. 
 
 CLONMORE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Iverk, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, on the river Suir. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1044. Post-town, Car- 
 rick-on-Suir. 
 
 CLONMORE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Ferrard, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 in the vicinity of the Irish Sea. The 
 257 
 
 parish church was erected in 1794 by 
 Archbishop Robinson (LordRokeby). 
 The inhabitants are chiefly employed 
 in agriculture, and some w T eave linen 
 for the Drogheda market. Population 
 in 1831, 769. Post-town, Dunleer. 
 
 CLONMORE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ikerrin, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, annexed to Templemore. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3000. Post-town, 
 Templemore. 
 
 CLONMORE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Bantry, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, in the 
 Union of St Mary’s, Enniscorthy. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1371. Post-town, 
 Enniscorthy. 
 
 CLONMULSK, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony and county of 
 Carlow, annexed Diocese of Leighlin, 
 on the river Barrow. Population in 
 1831, 71 1 . Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 CLONMULT, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, partly in the Barony of Bar- 
 rymore, and partly in the Baronies of 
 Imokilly and Kinnataloon, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1128. Post-town, Tal- 
 low. 
 
 CLONOE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Dungannon, county of 
 Tyrone, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 Population in 1831, 5554. Post town, 
 Stewartstown. 
 
 CLONONEY, or Clonmoney, a vil- 
 lage three miles from Ferbane, near 
 the road to Shannon Bridge, on the 
 banks of the Brosna. The old castle 
 is still inhabited. 
 
 CLONOULTY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Kilnemanagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Fairs are held in the village 
 in July and November. Population 
 in 1831, 3600. 
 
 CLONPET, or Clonpitt, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Emly. Population in 1831, 
 907. Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 CLONPRIEST, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Imo- 
 killy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 
CLO THE GAZETTEER CLO 
 
 Cloyne, on the coast. Population in 
 1831, 3417. Post-town, Youghal. 
 
 CLONROCHE, a thriving village in 
 the parish of Chappel, county of Wex- 
 ford. Several fairs are held, and 
 petty sessions at irregular intervals. 
 
 CLONRUSH, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Leitrim, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Killaloe, on 
 the Lough Derg expansion of the 
 Shannon. Population in 1831, 3084. 
 Post-town, Portumna. 
 
 CLONSAST, or Cloncast, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Coolestown, King’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Kildare, annexed to the vicar- 
 age of Ballinakill. Population in 1831, 
 3914. Post-town, Portarlington. 
 
 CLONSHAMBOE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ikeathy 
 and Oughterany, county and Diocese 
 of Kildare, annexed to several adjoin- 
 ing parishes. Post-town, Kilcock. 
 
 CLONSHANVILLE, a village in 
 the Barony of Boyle, county of Ros- 
 common, at which an abbey was al- 
 leged to have been founded by St 
 Patrick, of which Connedus, one of 
 his disciples, was superior. In 1385 
 the buildings were repaired by Mac- 
 Dermot Roe, dedicated to the Holy 
 Cross, and presented to the Domini- 
 cans. 
 
 CLONSHIER, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Connello, county and Diocese of Li- 
 merick, annexed to several parishes, 
 which constitute the corps of the 
 Chancellorship of Limerick. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 595. Post-town, Rath- 
 keale. 
 
 CLONSILLAGH, a parochial cu- 
 racy in the Barony of Castleknock, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The village is sometimes designated 
 Carhampton Bridge , and is situated 
 on the Royal Canal. 
 
 CLONSKEAGH, a village in the 
 vicinity of Dublin, at which are most 
 extensive corn-mills, said to be as effi- 
 cient as any in Ireland. The works 
 were erected by Mr Henry Jackson, 
 and cost upwards of L.20,000. In 
 addition to an ample supply of water 
 258 
 
 from the mills of Dundrum, the Dod- 
 der stream is of great service to these 
 mills. 
 
 CLONTARF, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Goolock, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The village of Clontarf is situated on 
 the north side of Dublin Bay, and 
 commands a magnificent and exten- 
 sive prospect. Many of the inhabit- 
 ants are fishermen, whose poor cabins 
 form a singular contrast to the nu- 
 merous elegant villas and sea-bathing 
 retreats which ornament the shore. 
 Several of the inhabitants find em- 
 ployment during the summer months 
 in conveying passengers to and from 
 Dublin on cars, jingles, and shandre- 
 dans, and others let bathing-machines. 
 The avenue of the village called the 
 Green Lane is a great resort of visi- 
 tors during the season. The parish 
 church is an ancient edifice in good 
 repair, and here are a Charter School 
 and a Roman Catholic chapel. There 
 are several other schools. The castle 
 of Clontarf, the seat of the Yernon 
 family, the proprietors of the place, 
 is an elegant modern residence. It 
 is said that a monastery was founded 
 here as early as A.D. 550, and a com- 
 mandery for Knights Templars in 
 the reign of Henry II. ; but Clontarf 
 is chiefly remarkable in Irish history 
 as the scene of the famous and final 
 battle between the Danes and the 
 Irish under Brien Boromhe. An ac- 
 count of this battle is preserved in an 
 old Irish MS., entitled Cath-Cluna- 
 Tarbh , which contains a list, though 
 in some instances inaccurate, of the 
 chiefs who fell in the engagement 
 along with King Brien. The Danes 
 were induced to invade Ireland by 
 Maelmordha, who usurped the crown 
 of Leinster about A.D. 998. Brien 
 mustered his forces with all possible 
 speed. The Danes arrivedatDublin on 
 Palm Sunday, A.D. 1014, and insisted 
 that the battle should be fought on 
 Good Friday, a day on which Brien 
 wished to avoid coming to a contest, 
 on account of its sanctity, but the 
 Danes were influenced in this matter 
 
CLO OF IRELAND. CLO 
 
 by a kind of Pagan oracle, which in- 
 timated to them that they would be 
 victorious on that day. Brien ac- 
 cordingly prepared to defend himself 
 even on Good Friday, and holding a 
 crucifix in his left hand and a sword 
 in his right hand, he rode through 
 the ranks of his troops, accompanied 
 by his son Morogh,and animated them 
 by a speech. At sunrise the signal for 
 battle was given, at which critical mo- 
 ment Mealfeaehlain, King of Meath, 
 with his 1000 followers, thought pro- 
 per to retire, and he remained an 
 inactive spectator during the whole 
 of the contest. The issue of the day 
 was doubtful until about four in the 
 afternoon, when the bravery of the 
 Irish prevailed, and the Danes, who 
 had lost their leaders, and were in 
 I complete disorder, gave way on every 
 | side. They were pursued to their 
 ! ships, and to the gates of Dublin. 
 
 I Exclusive of their principal com- 
 ' manders they lost 14,000 men, and the 
 1 carnage on the side of the Irish was 
 j probably not much less ; but the great- 
 j est loss the latter sustained was the 
 i death of their King, three of his sons, 
 
 ! one of whom was Morogh, his grand- 
 son Turlogh, his nephew Conang, and 
 a great many chiefs, who all fell in 
 the battle. The death of King Brien 
 Boromhe is thus narrated in an an- 
 cient document : — “ The confusion 
 became general throughout the Dan- 
 ish army, and they fled on every side. 
 Laidin, the servant of Brien, feared 
 that the Irish army was defeated, and 
 hastily entered the tent of the King, 
 who was on his knees before a cruci- 
 fix, and requested that he would im- 
 mediately take a* horse and flee. 
 
 * No,’ said Brien, ‘ it was to conquer 
 or die I came here, but do you and 
 my other attendants take my horses 
 to Armagh, and communicate my 
 will to the successor of St Patrick, 
 that I bequeath my soul to God, my 
 body to Armagh, and my blessing to 
 my son Donogh; give 200 cows to 
 Armagh, along with my body, and 
 go directly to Swords of Columbkil, 
 and order them to come for my body 
 259 
 
 to-morrow, and conduct it to Duleek 
 of St Kianan ; and let them convey it 
 to Louth, whither let Maelmurry, the 
 son of Eochy Coniharb of St Patrick, 
 come with the family of Armagh, 
 and convey it to their cathedral.’ 
 ‘ People are coming towards us,’ ex- 
 claimed the servant. ‘What sort 
 of people are they?’ asked Brien. 
 ‘ Green naked people,’ replied the 
 servant. ‘They are the Danes in 
 armour,’ said Brien; and he rose 
 from his pillow, seized his sword, and 
 stood to await the approach of Broder 
 and some of his followers. Brien gave 
 him a blow, and cut off his left leg from 
 the knee, and the right leg from the 
 ankle ; while the Dane’s axe met the 
 head of Brien, and fractured it. The 
 King, though severely wounded, be- 
 headed the Dane, and killed a second 
 assailant before he expired. His 
 body, according to his will, was con- 
 veyed to Armagh.” Population in 
 1831, 3314. 
 
 CLONTEAD, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy, in the Barony of 
 Kinsale, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 extending from the western termina- 
 tion of Oyster Bay to the river Ban- 
 don, at White Castle Cove. It is 
 watered by the Belgooley stream, and 
 is bounded on the south by the Ban- 
 don. Here are some good dairy 
 farms, and a flour-mill at Mullanadee. 
 Population in 1831, 1337. 
 
 CLONTHUSKERT, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Clonmacnoon and Longford, county 
 of Galway, and Diocese of Clonfert. 
 Population in 1831, 4002. 
 
 CLONTHUSKERT, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ballintob- 
 ber, county of Roscommon, and Dio- 
 cese of Elphin. Population in 1831, 
 2975. Post-town, Roscommon. 
 
 CLONTIBRET, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cre- 
 morne, county of Monaghan, and Dio- 
 cese of Clogher, containing numerous 
 hamlets. Population in 1831, 15,941. 
 Post-town, Castle- Blaney. 
 
 CLONTUBRID, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Crannagh, 
 
CLO THE GAZETTEER. CLO 
 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, in the Union of Freshford, or 
 Aghour. Here is a curious cell built 
 over a spring called the Druid's Well. 
 See Freshford. 
 
 CLONTURK, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Coolock, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin, contain- 
 ing the village of Drumcondra. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2713. Post-town, 
 Dublin. See Drumcondra. 
 
 CLOONAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Connello, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. Population in 1831, 630. Post- 
 town, Rathkeale. 
 
 CLOONDRAGH, an island of the 
 Shannon formed by the junction of 
 the Camlin and the Keenagh with 
 that river, between the counties of 
 Longford and Roscommon, here con- 
 nected by two bridges and a cause- 
 way. The villages of Castletown and 
 Tarmonbarry are at each end of the 
 bridge. 
 
 CLOONLARA, a village in the 
 county of Clare, on the cross road 
 from Limerick to Killaloe. 
 
 CLOONOGHILL, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Corran, county 
 of Sligo, and annexed Diocese of 
 Achonry. Population in 1831, 2241. 
 Post-town, Ballymote. 
 
 CLOUGH, a village in the parish 
 of Dunaghy, county of Antrim, at 
 which is the manor of Old Stone, 
 having a court-house. Fairs are held 
 at Clough in February, May, August, 
 November, and December. In the 
 village is a Presbyterian meeting- 
 house. Some remains of a splendid 
 castle, which formerly belonged to 
 the Antrim family, are still seen on a 
 lofty rock. Post-town, Ballymena. 
 
 CLOUGH, a village in the parish of 
 Loughin Island, county of Down, at 
 which fairs are held in May, June, 
 July, October, November, and Decem- 
 ber. Here is a Presbyterian meeting- 
 house. 
 
 CLOUGH, a village in the Barony 
 of Bantry, county of Wexford, on the 
 Boro stream. 
 
 CLOUGH, or Leskinfere., a parish 
 260 
 
 and rectory in the Barony of Gorey, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. The village is on the post- 
 road from Gorey to Ferns. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1213. 
 
 CLOUGH- JORDAN. See Clogh- 
 jordan. 
 
 CLOUGHMILLS, a village in the 
 parish of Killagan, county of Antrim, 
 on the road from Ballymoney to Bal- 
 lymena. 
 
 CLOUNANAHA, a village in the 
 parish of Inagh, county of Clare. 
 
 CLOYD AGH, a parish and vicarage 
 partly in the Barony of Carlow, but 
 chiefly in that of Idrone West, on the 
 river Barrow, county of Carlow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. Population in 
 1831, 1422. Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 CLOYNE, a Diocese annexed to 
 those of Cork and Ross by the Act 
 3d and 4th William IV., but still re- 
 tained as a district Diocese in the 
 Roman Catholic division united with 
 Ross. The founder of the Bishopric 
 is alleged to have been St Coleman, 
 son of Lenin, who died about A.D. 
 604. There are no authentic records 
 of this See till after the arrival of the 
 English. During the episcopate of 
 Bishop Jordan, the See was annexed 
 to Cork for nearly 200 years, when 
 Bishop George Synge succeeded in 
 1638. He died in 1652, and the Dio- 
 cese continued vacant till the restora- 
 tion of Charles II., when Dr Michael 
 Boyle was advanced to it, and held it 
 with Cork and Ross, as did also Bi- 
 shop Edward Synge, at whose death 
 in 1678 the Sees were again separated, 
 but reunited in the reign of William 
 IV. In the fourteenth century the 
 See was so impoverished, that Ed- 
 ward III. wrote to Pope John XXIIT. 
 for the purpose of annexing it to 
 Cork, at that time also much reduced, 
 but this union did not take place till 
 upwards of a century afterwards, 
 when they were consolidated by Pope 
 Martin V. At the time of the Refor- 
 mation the See of Cloyne had suffered 
 severely in its temporalities, most of 
 which were forcibly seized either by 
 rapacious neighbours, or by the 
 
ULO OF IRELAND. CLO 
 
 fraudulent transactions of lay pre- 
 bends and the bishops themselves. 
 The sum of fixe marks was the whole 
 revenue, and hence the Bishop was 
 styled Episcopus quinque marcarum. 
 Bishop Crewe or Crowe, who obtained 
 the See in 1702, recovered upwards of 
 8000 Irish acres, which had been un- 
 justly conveyed away by some of his 
 predecessors, and about 1800 the in- 
 come was reputed to be L.2500. 
 
 The Chapter of Cloyne consists of 
 the Dean, Chanter, Chancellor, Trea- 
 surer, Archdeacon, and fourteen Pre- 
 bendaries. The Diocese comprises 
 the greater part of the county of 
 Cork, from the river Lee northward, 
 and a small portion of one parish 
 which is in the county of Waterford : 
 the length is stated to be 63 miles 
 from east to west, the breadth from 
 north to south 29 miles. In 1837 the 
 Diocese contained 122 parishes, con- 
 stituting 84 benefices; in 1834 there 
 were 64 parish churches ; Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapels, 89 ; meeting-houses of 
 Dissenters, 30. In that year the gross 
 population of the Diocese amounted 
 to 342,447, of whom 13,866 were mem- 
 bers of the Church of Ireland, 328,402 
 were Roman Catholics, and the re- 
 mainder were Dissenters of various 
 persuasions. At the same time the 
 Diocese contained 379 daily schools, 
 at which 21,043 young persons were 
 educated, and 19 of these schools 
 were in connection with the National 
 Board. 
 
 Several distinguished men have 
 been Bishops of Cloyne. Bishop 
 Crewe, already mentioned, was not 
 only a benefactor to the See, but 
 founded a free school in the town for 
 the education of 35 boys, the income 
 of which is about L.200 per annum. 
 The celebrated Dr George Berkeley, 
 Dean of Derry, was promoted to the 
 See of Cloyne in 1734, contemporary 
 with whom, as Roman Catholic Bi- 
 shop, was Dr O’Brien, the author of 
 an Irish-English Dictionary, of very 
 considerable merit, which has been 
 more recently re-published. Bishop 
 Berkeley was born at Kilcrin, near 
 261 
 
 Thomastown, in 1684, and received 
 his early education at Kilkenny school 
 under Dr Hinton, from which he was 
 transferred to Trinity College, Dun- 
 lin. He obtained the patronage of 
 Queen Caroline, consort of George 
 II., and was consecrated Bishop of 
 Cloyne by the Archbishop of Cashel 
 in May 1734. He repaired imme- 
 diately to the episcopal residence at 
 Cloyne, and discharged his duties in 
 the most exemplary manner. In 1745 
 Lord Chesterfield offered him the See 
 of Clogher, the revenues of which 
 were double those of Cloyne, but he 
 refused to be translated, alleging that, 
 with respect to emolument, he had 
 enough to satisfy his wishes, and that 
 he was attached to the beautiful situa- 
 tion of Cloyne. He subsequently 
 petitioned George II. for leave to re- 
 sign his bishopric, which was refus- 
 ed, but he then received the royal li- 
 cence to reside wherever he pleased. 
 The last act of Bishop Berkeley, be- 
 fore leaving Cloyne, was to make an 
 arrangement by which L.200 per an- 
 num would be distributed during his 
 absence to the poor householders of 
 Cloyne, Youghal, and Aghada. This 
 great man removed to Oxford in July 
 
 1752, where he was received with due 
 respect, and where he died in January 
 
 1753, while reclining on his couch lis- 
 tening to one of Bishop Sherlock’s 
 sermons which his lady was reading 
 to him. He was interred in Christ 
 Church, Oxford. The last Bishop of 
 Cloyne, who held the See separate, 
 was Dr John Brinkley, born at Wood- 
 bridge in Suffolk, and educated at 
 Caius College, Cambridge. He was 
 one of the most distinguished mathe- 
 maticians and astronomers of his day, | 
 and was introduced to the Board of 
 Trinity College, Dublin, by Dr Law, 
 Bishop of Elphin, brother of Lord 
 Ellenborough. In 1792 he was ap- 
 pointed Andrews’ Professor of Astro- 
 nomy in Trinity College, and in 1826 
 he was consecrated Bishop of Cloyne. 
 Dr Brinkley died in his brother’s 
 house, Leeson Street, Dublin, in Sep- | 
 tember 1835, in his 72d year. By his 
 
CLO THE GAZETTEER CLO 
 
 Lordship’s death the Bishop of Cork 
 was invested with the charge of the 
 Diocese of Cloyne ; the temporalities 
 of Cork and Ross were vested in the 
 Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the 
 sum of L.1500 per annum allowed to 
 the Bishop for loss on the exchange. 
 The episcopal or see lands of Cloyne 
 are returned as comprising 1587 Irish 
 acres, of the annual value of L.2000. 
 
 CLOYNE, an ancient episcopal city 
 in the county of Cork, four miles from 
 Cove, by the road under the shore of 
 Rostellan, which is interesting and 
 beautiful. The name signifies a place 
 of retirement, or a cave, and may be 
 derived from the caves of Carriga- 
 l crump in the vicinity, which are sup- 
 posed to extend to, and are connected 
 with, the episcopal grounds of the 
 now annexed Bishopric. The town is 
 situated in a fertile valley at the foot 
 of a hill, about two miles east from 
 one of the inlets of Cork Harbour, 
 three miles from Ballycotton Bay, and 
 four miles from Castle- Martyr, which 
 is the most direct and convenient 
 road. It is an inconsiderable place, 
 chiefly consisting of two streets inter- 
 secting each other in the centre at 
 right angles, the houses in general 
 well built, and are characterized by 
 square and massive chimneys. The 
 towm of Cloyne is completely swamp- 
 ed by those of Cove and Middleton in 
 the neighbourhood, but it has a week- 
 ly market and three annual fairs. The 
 predominating trade appears to he 
 that of brogues, the patrons and pur- 
 chasers of which are the surrounding 
 peasantry. The shops are described 
 as “perfect magazines of every va- 
 riety of vendible articles.” A Petty 
 Sessions Court is held at Cloyne alter- 
 nately with Middleton, and a senes- 
 chal, under the Bishop, W’ho is Lord 
 of the Manor, holds a manorial court 
 every week, arid a court leet annually. 
 
 In the centre of the town stood a 
 small square castle, known as Castle- 
 Colman, now taken down, and at the 
 intersection of the streets was a large 
 wooden cross, probably the represen- 
 tative of a very ancient stone cross. 
 
 262 
 
 This cross was removed by order of 
 the late Lord Longueville, much to 
 the displeasure of the inhabitants, 
 who attempted some indignities to his 
 remains when conveyed through the 
 town for interment. The Cathedral 
 of St Coleman, which is said to have 
 been founded in the sixth century, hut 
 if the architectural style is any indica- 
 tion, some time between the reigns of 
 Stephen and Edward L, is in good 
 preservation. It is a plain heavy 
 building in the form of a cross, con- 
 sisting of a nave, choir, and north and 
 south transepts, without a tow'er, 
 though it was formerly surmounted 
 by one at the intersection of the tran- 
 septs. The Cathedral in its present 
 state exhibits a series of patchings and 
 repairs, done, as Mr Windele observes, 
 wdth a “total absence of taste, and 
 evidently with no higher hope than to 
 keep it in some sort together ; the 
 remains of ancient carved stone-work, 
 mouldings, shafts, mullions, capitals, 
 &c., are every w'here plastered and 
 encrusted over with white wash ; an- 
 cient windows are filled in with ma- 
 sonry, w r hile modern ones have opened 
 up out of all harmony with the cha- 
 racter of the building.” The great 
 entrance is at the west end of the 
 nave, which compartment of the 
 church is 120 feet in length, and sepa- 
 rated into a centre and two side aisles 
 by a double range of five arches, five 
 at each side, springing from square 
 massive pieces of solid masonry. At- 
 tached to one of the piers in the 
 south range is the elegant white mar- 
 ble monument erected to Bishop Ben- 
 nett, the friend of the celebrated Parr, 
 designed by Willes, and executed by 
 Heffernan, both of Cork. This mo- 
 nument represents an Indian kneeling 
 under a palm-tree, his clasped hands 
 on an open Bible, in allusion to Bishop 
 Bennett’s zealous advocacy of the 
 British and Foreign Bible Society. 
 Adjoining is the baptismal font, a 
 square stone basin resting on a short 
 column. In the north transept is an 
 altar tomb of the Fitzgeralds of Irao- 
 killy,now the sepulture of the O’Brien 
 
CLO OF IRELAND. CLO 
 
 family. Attached to the wall is the 
 monument of Dr Woodward, Bishop 
 of Clovne, who died in 1794. He was 
 the author of “ The Present State of 
 the Church of Ireland,” published in 
 1787, and celebrated in a controversy 
 with the able and facetious Father 
 Arthur O’Leary. On the same side 
 is the mural monument Of Dr Charles 
 Warburton, another Bishop of the 
 See, who died in 1826. The south 
 window of the south transept is filled, 
 i and the tomb of the Longfields of 
 Castlemary (a seat one mile distant) is 
 erected against it. In this quarter is 
 the monument to Susan Adams, of 
 date 1804, the epitaph on which was 
 written by Mrs Piozzi, the friend of 
 Dr Johnson. The choir is entered 
 through the organ screen, erected in 
 1776 by Bishop Agar, and most inap- 
 propriately in the Ionic style. In one 
 of the arches, which supported the 
 I bell tower, is preserved a white- 
 washed lavatory, or holy water font. 
 
 ; The choir is 70 feet in length, lighted 
 ! by three small pointed windows at 
 each side, and a magnificent east 
 window, the upper part beautifully 
 : ornamented with ogee tracing. A 
 short distance from the north-east 
 angle of the Cathedral are the remains 
 of a small oblong building, 30 feet in 
 length by 19 feet in breadth, called the 
 Fire House , supposed to be thefounda- 
 I tion of the ancient oratory of St Cole- 
 man, and probably the original church 
 of Cloyne, in which, according to tra- 
 dition, the relics of St Coleman were 
 preserved till the beginning of the 
 13th century, when they were re- 
 moved by order of Bishop Crewe, and 
 the building dilapidated. The burial- 
 ground surrounding the Cathedral, 
 though of limited dimensions, was 
 long considered to possess a very pe- 
 culiar privilege. The salvation of 
 the persons who were interred in the 
 cemetery of St Fin-Bar at Cork was 
 insured if they died penitent ; but no 
 such condition existed respecting 
 Cloyne to ensure future felicity. Not- 
 withstanding this advantage, it never 
 seems to have been in great repute. 
 
 263 
 
 The Round Tower of Cloyne is 
 about 100 feet from the north-west 
 angle of the Cathedral, separated by 
 the high road from the church in- 
 closures, and surrounded by an iron 
 railing. The original height of this 
 tower was 92 feet, but at present it is 
 102 feet. It is divided into six storeys. 
 In the upper part of the tower is a 
 small sweet-toned bell, the gift of 
 Dean Davies, of Ross, and probably 
 put up in 1683, when the tower was 
 repaired, and first used as a belfry. 
 In 1749 the tower was struck with 
 lightning, which rent the conical 
 stone roof, threw down the bell, and 
 did considerable injury. According 
 to tradition, the Round Tower was 
 erected in one night by St Coleman. 
 An old woman saw him in the morn- 
 ing proceeding with the work, and 
 complimented him on the rapidity 
 with which it had been built, but she 
 forgot to add her blessing upon it, 
 which so irritated the holy man that 
 he stopped short, and leaped from the 
 top to Castlemary, where he alighted, 
 and where the print of his feet is still 
 seen on the rocks ! 
 
 Adjoining the Cathedral are the 
 former episcopal palace and mensal 
 lands of the Diocese of Cloyne, now 
 vested in the Ecclesiastical Commis- 
 sioners. The palace is a plain man- 
 sion, rebuilt by Bishop Crewe, or, as it 
 is described by Bishop Bennett in a 
 letter to Dr Parr, “ a large irregular 
 building, having been altered and im- 
 proved by different Bishops, but alto- 
 gether a comfortable and handsome 
 residence.” The garden consists of 
 four acres, and at the end is a seques- 
 tered and romantic walk leading to a 
 cave of unknown length and depth, 
 about which many a wild legend is 
 told. “Of Berkeley,” says Bishop 
 Bennett to Dr Parr, “little is remem- 
 bered, though his benevolence, I have 
 no doubt, was widely diffused. He 
 made no improvement to the house, 
 yet the part he inhabited wanted it 
 much, for it is now thought only good 
 enough for the upper servants.” 
 
 A monastery was founded at Cloyne 
 
OOA THE GAZETTEER COL 
 
 in A.D. 707. In A.D. 1260, the city 
 was divided into English and Irish 
 Town; the manor-house, probably 
 the castle, stood near the Cathedral, 
 and the Bishop’s residence in Irish 
 Street. An hospital was founded in 
 1326, and some of its possessions are 
 still known as the Spital Lands of 
 Cloyne. The Roman Catholic Cathe- 
 dral is a large and commodious edifice, 
 but of no architectural pretensions, at 
 the north side of Spit Lane. It pos- 
 sesses an ancient brazen crucifix, 
 formerly borne in processions, and a 
 chalice on which is inscribed the name 
 of Thadeus MacCarthy the donor, 
 with the date 1636. Bishop Crewe’s 
 charity school is in the upper part of 
 the town. Near Cloyne are the resi- 
 dences of Jamesbrook, Kilbree, and 
 Ballymaloe Castle; at the head of a 
 small bay is Castlemary, amid fine 
 plantations, and in the vicinity is 
 Rostellan Castle, the delightfully situ- 
 ated seat of the Marquis of Thomond, 
 on a small promontory formed by the 
 numerous inlets which diversify the 
 | western shores of Cork Harbour. 
 
 | Population in 1831, 1227 ; of the parish 
 in 1834, 6496. 
 
 CLYDAGH, a stream in the county 
 of Cork, which joins the Blackwater 
 upwards of a mile from Mallow, near 
 the residences of Newberry and Dro- 
 more. 
 
 CO AGH, a neat village in the parish 
 of Tamlagh, county of Tyrone, on 
 the Balinderry river. It has a Pres- 
 byterian meeting-house, and fairs are 
 held on the second Friday of each 
 month. Burns, the Irish giant, who 
 was eight feet two inches in height, 
 was a native of Coagh. Post-town, 
 Moneymore. 
 
 COAL ISLAND, a small trading 
 village in the Barony of Dungannon, 
 county of Tyrone, connected with the 
 Blackwater by a canal cut of about 
 four miles, along which the coals 
 raised are conveyed to Lough Neagh 
 and the Nevvry Navigation. These 
 coals are only fit for lime and brick 
 works. There is a small iron-work 
 at Coal Island, at which spades and 
 264 
 
 shovels are manufactured. A road 
 branches off at this place to Money- 
 more, by Stewartstown, the post-town, 
 passing within two miles of the village 
 of Coagh. 
 
 COLEBROOK, a stream which 
 waters the demesne of the fine seat 
 of Colebrook (Brook, Bart.), four 
 miles from Maguire’s Bridge, and 
 two miles from the village of Brook- 
 borough, in the county of Fermanagh. 
 
 COLE HILL, a village and post 
 station, five miles from the thriving 
 little town of Ballinacargy, on the 
 road from Mullingar to Strokestown. 
 
 COLEMAN, or Cockmajj, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, annexed to St John’s, 
 Cashel, and constituting with Bally- 
 clerahan the corps of the Deanery of 
 Cashel. Post-town, Fethard. 
 
 COLERAINE, a Half-Barony of 
 the county of Londonderry, divided 
 into eight parishes, and containing a 
 part of the town of Coleraine. It is j 
 watered by the Bann, the Agivey, the 1 
 Glenuller, and the Macosquin. To 1 
 the west, in the neighbourhood of | 
 Tubbermore and Fort William, the ! 
 district is beautiful and fertile, but at 1 
 Bally scullion and Glenowen bog pre- 
 ponderates. In other parts the sur- 
 face consists of undulating hills of 
 basalt. The Half-Barony occupies i 
 the north-east of the county, border- 
 ing with Antrim. The inhabitants 
 are chiefly engaged in agriculture and 
 in the linen manufacture. 
 
 COLERAINE, a Parliamentary bo- 
 rough and market town in the Liber- 
 ties of Coleraine, on the east bank of 
 the Lower Bann, and also a rectory 
 in the county of Londonderry, and 
 Diocese of Down and Connor. Cole- 
 raine is 114 miles from Dublin by 
 Armagh, Dungannon, Stewartstown, 
 Moneymore, and Maghera; and 115 
 miles from Dublin by Bannbridge, 
 Crumlin, Antrim, Ballymena, and 
 Ballymoney. It is situated on the i 
 eastern bank of the Bann, four miles 
 above its confluence with the sea, and j 
 is connected by a wooden bridge with j 
 
COL OF IRELAND. COL 
 
 the suburb of Waterside and Kil- 
 lowen. This town claims very con- 
 siderable antiquity. It was in remote 
 times a Bishop’s See, of which St 
 Cabreus, a disciple of St Finian of 
 Clonard, was the first incumbent, 
 about A.D. 540 ; and St Eonall, a con- 
 temporary of St Columb, who founded 
 the abbey of Derry, was his successor. 
 Thomas MacUchtre erected a castle 
 here in 1213, to procure materials for 
 which he destroyed the ancient ab- 
 bey. A Dominican Friary, often de- 
 signated the Monastery of the Bann, 
 was founded at Coleraine, and dedicat- 
 ed to the Virgin Mary, about A.D. 1244, 
 and a gallant knight, named Sir Ro- 
 bert Savage, was interred in it in A.D. 
 1360. There is nothing remarkable, 
 
 I however, in the history of this town 
 till the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 when the whole surrounding district 
 was forfeited to the Crown, and it 
 was granted by James I., in 1613, to a 
 certain number of London merchants, 
 who were incorporated by charter in 
 1619, under the title of the “Governor 
 and Assistants of the New Plantation 
 in Ulster.” Coleraine, and a very con- 
 siderable portion of the county of 
 Londonderry, still belong to this body, 
 called the “Irish Society.” When 
 the negotiations were first commenced 
 between King James and the Cor- 
 poration of London, in January 1609, 
 for the purpose of settling the terras 
 on which the forfeited lands in the 
 county were to be conveyed to that 
 Corporation, for the purpose of 
 “ planting” them with Protestant co- 
 lonists, it was first agreed that the 
 Londoners should spend L.20,000 on 
 t the “ plantation in consideration of 
 which the King granted to them the an- 
 cient county of the town of Coleraine, 
 with the woods of Glanconkene and 
 Killeightra, and the city and Liberties 
 of Derry, except the church lands. 
 When the division of the county of 
 Londonderry took place after the 
 granting of King James’ charter, the 
 Company of Clothworkers obtained 
 part of Coleraine as their allotment. 
 The town is let on leases from the 
 
 Irish Society, and the Marquis of Wa- 
 terford, who is considered the patron 
 of the borough, holds an extensive 
 and valuable property in perpetuity 
 from the Society, in the neighbour- 
 hood. 
 
 The town of Coleraine is very irre- 
 gularly built, but the square in the 
 centre, called the Diamond , laid out 
 during the government of Sir John 
 Perrott, is airy, neat, and contains 
 some well-built houses. The Town 
 Hall is in this square, and the parish 
 church, the Roman Catholic chapel, 
 the two Presbyterian, the Indepen- 
 dent, and the Methodist meeting- 
 houses, which, as buildings, are of no 
 architectural importance, are scatter- 
 ed throughout the town. Thera is 
 one street rather elegantly built, and in 
 the other streets which diverge from 
 the “ Diamond” are several good 
 houses and respectable residences. 
 The Market House is a commodious 
 edifice ; the retail shops are nume- 
 rous, and some of them handsomely 
 fitted up ; and there are several excel- 
 lent inn3. Mr Inglis alleges that 
 Coleraine is not a “pretty or good- 
 looking town ; one good street is all 
 it boasts, and even this street is dis- 
 figured by many poor houses. A 
 great part of the town is held under 
 the Irish Society in perpetuity, but, 
 notwithstanding this drawback, many 
 signs of improvement are visible. Of 
 late years the town has considerably 
 increased in size, and the buildings 
 are greatly improved. The suburbs 
 are extensive, and in walking through 
 them I saw no indications of great 
 wretchedness and poverty.” These 
 observations, descriptive of Coleraine 
 in 1834, apply with additional force to 
 the appearancce of the town in 1841, j 
 when its extent and trade had greatly | 
 increased. The town is now the seat | 
 of a most flourishing linen manufac- 
 ture ; it is one of the principal mar- 
 kets in the Province of Ulster for the 
 sale of that article ; the linen weaving 
 is chiefly carried on in the cottages of 
 the surrounding peasantry, and the 
 linen is well known in the trade as 
 z 
 
!' ' " ' • ■' 
 
 COL THE GAZETTEER COL 
 
 Colerames, great quantities of which 
 are bleached in the neighbourhood 
 for the London market. The other 
 manufactures are trifling, but among 
 the more prominent avocations are 
 soap-boiling and tanning. The carts 
 in which thelinenis conveyed to Bel- 
 fast return with barilla, potash, and 
 other commodities, but this mode of 
 conveyance is now greatly superseded 
 by the construction of the harbour at 
 Port-Rush, and by the steam commu- 
 nication between the town and Liver- 
 pool. In the town are branches of 
 the Provincial Bank of Ireland, of the 
 Belfast Banking Company, and of the 
 Northern Banking Company. The 
 exports are chiefly pigs, grain, bacon, 
 butter, and other provisions ; and the 
 salmon-fisheries in the Bann, of which 
 upwards of forty tons are annually 
 caught, are important, and also afford 
 a very considerable export. It is said 
 that 300 and 400 salmon are often 
 taken in one haul, and one day in July 
 1824 no fewer than 750 fish, weighing 
 two tons, were obtained. A mile 
 above the town the Bann falls over 
 the Salmon-Leap , a ledge of rocks 13 
 feet in height, where it meets the salt- 
 water, and flows as a broad tidal 
 stream to the ocean. In 1835 the ex- 
 ports of Coleraine, including its har- 
 bour of Port- Rush, amounted to 
 L.105,685 ; the imports, L.65,900. The 
 weekly markets for the sale of brown 
 linen, grain, and provisions, are well 
 attended, and at these considerable 
 business is often done. Fairs are 
 held on the 8th of August, 5th of July, 
 and 3d of November, and horse-fairs 
 on the second Tuesday of February, 
 May, August, and November. 
 
 The Bann is navigable to Coleraine 
 for vessels of 200 tons, but the bar at 
 the mouth of the river is a formidable 
 obstacle, and the sea-entrance at the 
 mouth is difficult and dangerous. The 
 Bann could be rendered navigable to 
 Lough Neagh, and a canal was pro- 
 posed to he cut to the new harbour of 
 Port-Rush, a remarkably pretty place, 
 situated on and under a promontory 
 which affords a fine promenade, and 
 266 
 
 includes a view of the headlands of 
 the Giant’s Causeway and the north- 
 ern coast. This place and Port- 
 Stewart are thriving, and are much 
 frequented as a sea-bathing resort. 
 
 Coleraine was incorporated by 
 James I. in 1614, and the Common 
 Council, including the Mayor, are the 
 governing body. They have jurisdic- 
 tion within the town similar to that 
 of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of 
 London. The revenue arises from 
 rents and tolls, and in 1835 did not 
 exceed L.800. By the Municipal Bill 
 the style of the Corporation is the 
 Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses. 
 Coleraine is the seat of a Presbytery 
 in the “ General Assembly of the 
 Presbyterian Church in Ireland,” con- 
 sisting, in 1841, of sixteen congrega- 
 tions. The borough returns one 
 member to the Imperial Parliament ; 
 constituency in 1840-1, 219. Popula- 
 tion of the town in 1831, 5752. 
 
 COLERAKE, a parochial curacy 
 in the Barony of Kilkea and Moone, 
 county of Kildare, and annexed Dio- 
 cese of Glendalough, in the Union of 
 Timolin. 
 
 COLLIG AN, a river which rises in 
 the Cummeragh Mountains, in the 
 county of Waterford, and enters the 
 sea at Dungarvan. 
 
 COLLIGAN, or Gloque, a parish, 
 impropriate rectory and vicarage, in 
 the Barony of Decies-without-Drum, 
 county of Waterford, and Diocese of 
 Kilmore, traversed by the Colligan 
 river. Population in 1831, 1009. Post- 
 town, Dungarvan. 
 
 COLLIN, a parish and curacy in 
 the Barony of Kilkea and Moone, 
 county of Kildare, and annexed Dio- 
 cese of Glendalough, in the Union of 
 Timolin. 
 
 COLLINSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Rathgraff, a short distance 
 from Drumcree, on the road from 
 Athboy and Castletown-Delvin to 
 Castle-Pollard, county of Westmeath, 
 the road from which to the latter 
 place is very romantic. In the vici- 
 nity are the residences of Barbavilla, 
 Drumcree, and Ralphsdale. 
 
COL OF IRELAND. COL 
 
 COLLON, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Ferrard, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 about six miles from Drogheda, and 
 upwards of five miles from Ardee. 
 The town of Collon is beautifully 
 situated amid the finest rural scenery, 
 and has an elegant parish church, a 
 neat square, in which is the Market 
 House, and some retail trade. The 
 church consists of three parallel aisles 
 with three spires, and here are a Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel and two Dissent- 
 ing meeting-houses. The principal 
 street is wide, and is formed of houses 
 built in the old English style. In this 
 quarter is the lodge of Viscount Fer- 
 rard, called Oriel Temple, a plain edi- 
 fice, surrounded by most extensive, 
 varied, and very beautiful plantations. 
 This was long the favourite and con- 
 stant residence of Lord Oriel, better 
 known in the political world as the 
 Right Hon. John Foster, the last 
 Speaker of the Irish House of Com- 
 mons, who founded and built the 
 town from his own tasteful designs. 
 This gentleman married Margaretta, 
 eldest daughter of Thomas Burgh, 
 Esq. of Bert, in the county of Kil- 
 dare, grandson of Dr Ulysses Burgh, 
 Bishop of Ardagh, descended from 
 the ancient family of De Burgh, Earls 
 of Ulster. This lady was created 
 Baroness Oriel of Collon, in the Peer- 
 age of Ireland, in 1790, and advanced 
 to the dignity of Viscountess Ferrard, 
 with remainder to her male descend- 
 ants by the Right Hon. John Foster, 
 who was created Baron Oriel, in the 
 Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 
 1821. His Lordship died at Oriel 
 Temple, in this town, in 1828, at the 
 advanced age of 88, and was succeeded 
 by his son, Thomas Henry Skeffington 
 Foster, first Viscount Ferrard, and 
 second Baron Oriel, born in 1765. 
 Lord Oriel strenuously opposed the 
 Union, and published a “ Speech on 
 the Proposed Union between Great 
 Britain and Ireland, April 11, 1799,” 
 when he sat in the Irish Parliament 
 as member for Louth. He continued 
 to represent Louth in the Imperial 
 267 
 
 Parliament till his elevation to the 
 Peerage in 1821, on the occasion of 
 the coronation of George IV. His 
 Lordship effected vast improvements 
 on his estates at Collon, and covered 
 all the surrounding hills with the pre- 
 sent plantations. The stocking trade 
 and the manufacture of linen are car- 
 ried on, and in the town is a school 
 on Erasmus Smith’s foundation. Dr 
 Beaufort, the author of the well 
 known “Illustration of the Map of 
 Ireland,” died in the incumbency of 
 the Union of Collon, Dromyn, and 
 Mosstown parishes. Fairs are held 
 in June and November. Population 
 in 1831, 1153; of the parish, 3217. 
 
 COLLUM-KILL, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Gow r - 
 ran, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory, annexed to Thomastown 
 and Farnagh. Population in 1831, 
 779. Post-towm, Thomastown. 
 
 COLLUMB-KILL, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Granard, 
 county of Longford, and Diocese of 
 Ardagh, in the Union of Granard, 
 containing several villages, if strag- 
 gling collections of cabins can be so 
 called. Post-town, Granard. 
 
 COLMOLIN, or Ctjlmullen, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage, with a village of its 
 Dame, in the Barony of Upper Deece, 
 county and Diocese of Meath, and 
 Union of Knockmark. The mansion 
 of Culmullen is an agreeable resi- 
 dence, and the surrounding country 
 is rich, but indifferently cultivated. 
 
 A fair is held in the village on the 
 21st of November. Population in 
 1831,934. Post-town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 COLOONEY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Ballisodare, fifteen miles from 
 Boyle, and two miles from the town 
 of Ballisodare, in the county of Sligo, , 
 on the road from Carrick-on-Shannon 
 to Sligo, near the Awnbeg or Owen- 
 beg river. The parish church is in 
 this village, and is an elegant edifice, 
 surmounted by a spire. In the vici- 
 nity is the fine seat of Mackrea Castle. 
 Fairs are held in May, September, 
 November, and December. 
 
 COLPE, or Cope, a parish, rectory ; 
 
 1 , 1 
 
COM THE GAZETTEER CON 
 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Duleek, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 to which the curacy of Morniugton 
 and the vicarage of Kilsharvan are 
 annexed. Some vestiges of the ab- 
 bey of Colpe, founded in 1182 by 
 Hugh de Lacy, still remain, and at 
 Mornington and Kilsharvan are the 
 ruins of ancient churches. On the 
 Nanny stream at the latter is an ex- 
 tensive bleachgreen. The burial- 
 place of the Bellew family is in one of 
 these chapels near the old abbey. 
 Population in 1831, 1989. Post-town, 
 Drogheda. 
 
 COLT ISLAND, one of the three 
 small rocky islands opposite the fish- 
 ing town of Skerries, which is about 
 three miles south-east of Balbriggan. 
 
 COLTRAIN, a small village in the 
 parish of Aughalurcher, county of 
 Fermanagh. Post-town, Lisnaskea. 
 j COMBER, or Cumber, a parochial 
 impropriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Castlereagh, county and Diocese of 
 Down. The town of Cumber is si- 
 tuated on a small inlet which indents 
 the north side of Strangford Lough. 
 This place consists of a square and 
 several streets, and is well built, hav- 
 ing an agreeable beach at low water, 
 on which horse-races were formerly 
 held. Here are the parish church, a 
 Roman Catholic chapel, two Presby- 
 terian meeting-houses, and several 
 schools. The inhabitants are chiefly 
 engaged in weaving, and there are two 
 distilleries and an extensive bleach- 
 green. Fairs are held at Comber on 
 the 5th of January, 5th of April, 28th 
 of June, and 19th of October. St 
 Patrick is said to have been the 
 founder of the church of Comber; 
 and the Cistertian abbey, which was 
 founded in 1199 or 1201, was granted 
 at the dissolution of the monasteries 
 to James Hamilton, Lord Claneboy, 
 who used the materials for the erec- 
 tion of the castle called Mount-Alex- 
 ander, now a mass of ruins. This 
 Noble Scotish emigrant obtained pos- 
 session of this place, with New- 
 tonards, Bangor, Grey Abbey, and a 
 considerable part of the surrounding 
 208 
 
 district. The vicinity of Comber is 
 in the finest cultivation, and is re- 
 markably pleasant. Population in 
 1831, 1377; of parish, 8276. 
 
 COMBER, or Cumber (Upper and 
 Lower), two parishes, which are rec- 
 tories and vicarages, in the Barony 
 of Tyrkerran, county of London- 
 derry, and Diocese of Derry. In 
 both parishes are several villages, and 
 the linen manufacture is extensively 
 carried on. Population of Upper 
 Cumber in 1831,6464; of Lower Cum- 
 ber, 4404. Post-town, Dungiven. 
 
 COMER. See Castlecomer. 
 
 COMER HILLS, a range of hills 
 about seven miles from Athy, in the 
 Queen’s County, which rise from the 
 valley of the Barrow, and run west- 
 ward to the valley of the Nore. The 
 Clogrenan Hills commence this range. 
 The Comer Mountains form the great 
 central coal district of Ireland. 
 
 COMME-DHU, or the Black Val- 
 ley, a most sequestered and desolate- 
 looking valley at the head of the Gap 
 of Dunloe, about nine miles from 
 Killarn-ey, the footpath to the Upper 
 Lake of which lies along its eastern 
 side. This valley is surrounded by 
 the most splendid mountain scenery. 
 See Killarney. 
 
 CONDORIS, a Barony in the coun- 
 ty of Cork, united to the Barony of 
 Clongibbon. It comprises seventeen ! 
 parishes, and contains the towns of J 
 Fermoy, Mitchelstown, Kilworth, and I 
 Kildorory. This Barony is watered 
 by the Blackwater and the Funcheon, 
 and the soil is generally fertile. 
 
 CONEVAL, or Con wall, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Baronies 
 of Raphoe and Kilmacrenan, county 
 of Donegal, and Diocese of Raphoe, 
 on the Swilly river. The parish I 
 church occupies the site of an ancient i 
 abbey. Population in 1831, 9579. Post- j 
 town, Letterkenny. 
 
 CONFOY, a parochial curacy in the 
 Barony of Salt, county of Kildare, and j 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, on the Rye- 
 water, belonging to the Union of Leix- 
 lip. This district is intersected by 
 the Rojal Canal. 
 
CONG, a parish and rectory in the 
 Baronies of Ross and Kilmaine, coun- 
 ty of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, on 
 Lough Corrib, which displays magni- 
 ficent scenery. Cong is a poor place, 
 but delightfully situated at the upper 
 end of Lough Corrib, within four 
 miles of Lough Mask, on the confines 
 of Mayo and Galway counties. Cong 
 is nineteen miles from Tuam by Head- 
 ford, and twenty-one miles from that 
 town by Balhnrobe. The only ob- 
 ject of interest, exclusive of the 
 scenery, at Cong, which was the an- 
 cient residence of the Kings of Con- 
 naught, are the ruins of the old abbey, 
 founded in A.D. 664, in which Rode- 
 rick O’Connor, the last King of all 
 Ireland, died in 1198, from which he 
 was carried for interment to Clon- 
 macnois. In the immediate vicinity 
 of Cong is Ashford, a seat of Lord 
 Oranmore, and a valuable limestone 
 quarry is in the neighbourhood. The 
 surrounding district, though rocky, 
 
 ■ is fertile, and the mountain ranges 
 I are uncommonly beautiful. “Cong,” 
 says the Sportsman in Ireland, “is 
 ! a village of a few huts, if it may be 
 j so dignified, about midway between 
 , Lcugh Corrib and Lough Mask. A 
 [ river connects these lakes, but not a 
 river to be traced ; — one of the most 
 extraordinary freaks of Nature has 
 sent the full stream through the 
 earth ; it disappears for a considerable 
 distance, and again bursts forth in the 
 neighbourhood of Cong, in an enor- 
 mous whirlpool, the object of general 
 curiosity, as its depth has never been 
 clearly ascertained. It is no matter 
 of surprise that such a place should 
 | be the scene of much superstitious 
 j and romantic invention.” It may be 
 farther stated, that the structure of 
 the isthmus on which Cong is situated 
 is remarkable. The entire waters of 
 Loughs Mask and Carra pass through 
 this subterraneous channel, which can 
 in several places be approached by 
 numerous caves in the limestone rock, 
 at a depth of forty feet from the sur- 
 face, to the lower basin of Lough 
 Corrib. The scenery is most strik- 
 269 
 
 ing from the extent of water, and the 
 mountains rising abruptly over the 
 western shores of both lakes. Popu- 
 lation of village in 1831, 508 ; of parish, 
 8378. Post-town, Ballinrobe. 
 
 CONN (LOUGH), a lake about four 
 miles w est of Ballina, in the county 
 of Mayo, eleven miles in length and 
 two in breadth, is separated from 
 Lough Cullen, an upper division of the 
 lake, by a narrow channel, and is a most 
 romantic locality. Near the Pontoon 
 Bridge, on tins neck of land, is the 
 small but very comfortable inn erect- 
 ed for the accommodation of tourists 
 by the Earl of Lucan, one of the 
 principal proprietors of the district. 
 Lough Conn is bounded by the ele- 
 vated grounds connected with Ne- 
 phin, the loftiest of the Mayo moun- 
 tains, and its shores are varied by 
 rocky headlands and bogs. The fine 
 demesne of Deal Castle ornaments the 
 northern shore of the lake, watered 
 by the Deal river, which enters the 
 lake near the castle. The largest 
 and finest fish are obtained in Lough 
 Conn. The lake is computed to have 
 a coast of 53 miles, and a surface of 
 14,000 acres. Immense water power 
 for machinery could be obtained from 
 this noble lake. Lough Lavalla dis- 
 charges itself into Lough Conn, which 
 receives numerous streams. 
 
 CONNA, a village in the parish of 
 Knockmore, county of Cork, on the 
 Bride. 
 
 CONNAGH, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Clondons and Clon- 
 gibbons, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloy ne. 
 
 CONNAUGHT, one of the four 
 Provinces into which Ireland was di- 
 vided by Pope Eugenius II., in 1152, 
 for ecclesiastical purposes. The Pro- 
 vince contains the five counties of Gal- 
 way, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, and 
 Sligo, which comprise the Dioceses of 
 Clonfert, Elphin, and Killa. Con- 
 naught is bounded on the west by the 
 Atlantic, on the north by the Atlantic 
 and part of the Province of Ulster, on 
 the south by the Province of Munster, 
 and on the east by the Shannon river. 
 
CON THE GAZETTEER CON 
 
 “It lieth,” says a humorous writer, 
 quoted by the author of Wild Sports 
 of The West, “under a dark gray 
 cloud, which is evermore discharging 
 itself on the earth, but, like the widow’s 
 cruse, is never exhausted. It is 
 bounded on tbe south and east by 
 Christendom and part of Tipperary, 
 on the north by Donegal, and on the 
 west by the salt say. It abounds in 
 bogs, lakes, and other natural curio- 
 sities ; its soil consists of equal 
 quantities of earth and stones, and its 
 surface is so admirably disencumbered 
 of trees, shrubs, hedges, and ditches, 
 that an intelligent backwoodsman 
 from Louisiana was heard to declare 
 with rapture, that it was the most 
 perfectly cultivable territory in Eu- 
 rope. Farther, its gentry are a most 
 polished and religious race, remark- 
 able for their punctuality in pecuniary 
 transactions, and their freedom from a 
 litigious or quarrelsome disposition. 
 The prevailing mode of belief among 
 the upper classes is anything Arianism, 
 that of the people pure Popery !” 
 
 The county of Clare, now annexed 
 to Munster, was formerly included in 
 Connaught. The greatest length of 
 the Province, from Scariff, on the 
 borders of Clare on the south, to 
 Mullaghmore Head on the frontier of 
 Donegal on the north, is computed to 
 be 108 English miles ; the greatest 
 breadth, from the boundary of Lei- 
 trim on the north-east to Slyne Head 
 on the south-west, is 1 18 English miles. 
 The extent of the Province is 6765 
 square miles, or 4,329,608 English sta- 
 tute acres, of which 2,805,109 acres are 
 cultivated, 1,330,022 acres are unim- 
 proved mountain and bog, and 194,477 
 acres are under water. 
 
 Connaught was formerly a king- 
 dom governed by the race of O’Conor, 
 and its princes enjoyed a kind of in- 
 dependence until 1590, when the Pro- 
 vince was made shire ground, and 
 divided into six counties, including 
 Clare, which belonged to it till 1602. 
 During the several Irish rebellions 
 the wilds of Connaught became the 
 refuge of the rebellious, dispossessed, 
 270 
 
 and fugitive Irish from the other 
 Provinces ; the native language is 
 consequently most prevalent, and the 
 wretched condition of the peasantry 
 sufficiently indicates the circum- 
 stances under which the pr ogenitors of 
 the present inhabitants were brought 
 together. Their religion is almost en- 
 tirely Roman Catholic, and superstiti- 
 ous legen ds about fairies and other ima- 
 ginary beings command universal be- 
 lief among the peasantry. The boulees, 
 or temporary shielings or huts, con- 
 structed of rude materials, are curi- 
 ous remnants of the former wild and 
 unsettled state of Connaught in the 
 mountain districts. Employment is 
 much more difficult to be obtained in 
 this Province than in any of the 
 others ; the average of wages is only 
 sevenpence per diem, and the average 
 employment of labourers is 125 days 
 in the year. Multitudes of the pea- 
 santry annually emigrate from Con- 
 naught, especially from the counties 
 of Mayo, Leitrim, and Sligo; and much 
 of the harvest in several parts of Eng- 
 land, and in the Lowland districts of 
 Scotland, is reaped every year by these 
 stunted and squalid wanderers, who are 
 literally covered with rags when they 
 arrive in Britain, who nevertheless 
 evince the most astonishing industry 
 and perseverance, and return to their 
 native wilds with the small sums they 
 save during their harvest employ- 
 ment. 
 
 The Province contains a vast num. 
 ber of idle persons, called coosherers, 
 a most useless set, who are the regu- 
 lar attaches of the families of ancient 
 lineage. Nurses, fosterers, discharged 
 servants, decayed sportsmen, and 
 idlers of every age, sex, and calling, 
 come under the description of coosh- 
 erers. A higher class of nuisance, 
 under the title of poor relations , for- 
 merly wandered over Connaught, and 
 from the interminable intermarry- 
 ings and ramifyings of the old fami- 
 lies, there were few houses into which 
 they had not the right of entree. It 
 was latterly no uncommon expedi- 
 ent for gentlemen to have the ap- 
 
CON OF IRELAND. CON 
 
 proach of their loving cousins watched 
 on the road, and get rid of the visita- 
 tion by presenting them with a little 
 money, under the pretence that the 
 house was full ! 
 
 The progress of population through- 
 out this Province has been rapid, 
 though not so great as in the other 
 Provinces. In 1792, Dr Beaufort 
 estimated the whole inhabitants, ex- 
 clusive of the town of Galway, at 
 478,000 ; in 1821, under the Act 55 
 George III., the census returned the 
 inhabitants in number, 1,110,229 ; in 
 1831, 1,340,914. The Province gave 
 the title of Earl in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land to His Royal Highness Prince 
 William Henry, second Duke of Glou- 
 cester and Edinburgh, grandson of 
 Frederick Prince of Wales, and ne- 
 phew of George III. The Province 
 also gives its name to the gallant 88th 
 Regiment, known as the Connaught 
 Bangers. 
 
 CONNAUGHT (OLD), or Con- 
 nagh, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Rathdown, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin, contain- 
 ing the villages of Old Connaught 
 and Little Bray, the latter of which 
 is the northern portion of the town 
 of Bray. The parish extends along 
 the coast, and contains numerous re- 
 sidences, among which are Old Con- 
 naught (Lord Plunket), Palermo 
 (Hutchinson, Bart.), Cork Abbey, 
 Old Connagh Hill, Jubilee, &c. Over 
 the Dargle river is a bridge connect- 
 ing the counties of Wicklow and Dub- 
 lin, near which is a race-course. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, including part of the 
 town of Bray, 1947. 
 
 CONNELL (OLD), a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of its name, 
 county and Diocese of Kildare. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 958. Post-town, Naas. 
 
 CONNELL (GREAT), a parish and 
 vicarage connected with Old Connell, 
 in the same Barony, county and Dio- 
 cese, situated on the Liifey. Near 
 the village are the interesting ruins 
 of Great Connell Abbey, founded by 
 Myler Fitz-Henry, an illegitimate sen 
 of Henry I., for canons-regular. The 
 271 1 
 
 remains of the chancel and nave are 
 about 200 feet in length by 25 feet in 
 breadth. Population in 1831, 1911. 
 Post-town, Naas. 
 
 CONNELL, a Barony in the south- 
 ern centre of the county of Kildare, 
 containing the town of Newbridge, 
 the village of Robertstown, and nu- 
 merous hamlets. 
 
 CONNELLS, a village in the parish 
 of Kilmacduagh, county of Galway. 
 Post-town, Gort. 
 
 CONNEMARA, or Cunnamara, or 
 the Bay of Islands, is the name of the 
 whole district west of Loughs Corrib 
 and Mask, and forms the western 
 part of the county of Galway. This 
 district includes the Barony of Bally- 
 nahinch (see Ballynahinch), the 
 Joyce Country, and Morisk. The 
 last mentioned is in the county of 
 Mayo, but the other is included in 
 the county Baronial divisions under 
 Moycullen and the Half-Barony of 
 Ross. Connemara is almost entirely 
 surrounded by water, being bounded 
 by the Bay of Galway on the south, the 
 Atlantic on the west, on the north by 
 Clew Bay, and the deep ocean-inlet of 
 the Killery Harbour, which latter se- 
 parates the Joyce Country in Galway 
 from Morisk in Mayo, and on the | 
 east by the lakes of Corrib and Mask ! 
 for a considerable part. From the 
 head of Lough Corrib on the east 
 to A chris Head on t the west, this 
 district extends probably 50 English 
 miles, and from the head of Killery 
 Harbour on the north, to the shore of 
 Galway Bay on the south, upwards of 
 30 miles. The group of mountains 
 called Binnabola, or the Twelve Pins, 
 is the most prominent object (see 
 Binnabola), rising abruptly from mo- 
 derately elevated table land, and round 
 the bases of which are numerous 
 lakes, such as Lough Ina, under the 
 eastern front of the range, the Upper 
 and Low’er Lakes of Ballynahinch on 
 the south, and Loughs Kylemore and 
 Foe, lying between the northern de- 
 clivities of the Twelve Pins and the 
 opposite range, which rises along the 
 southern shore of Killery Harbour. 
 
CON 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 CON 
 
 Between the head of this Harbour and 
 the western shore of Lough Mask is 
 a mountain range of nearly equal 
 height, though less picturesque, co- 
 vering an area, it is said, of 200 square 
 miles ; and about midway, between the 
 Killery and Lough Mask, is the lake 
 called Loughnascoy, north of which 
 the country is for many miles almost 
 uninhabited. Shanafola, at the head 
 of Lough Corrib, Ben Leva, the de- 
 | clivities of which form the isthmus 
 between Loughs Corrib and Mask, 
 i and the range of Maam Trasna, rising 
 ! along and overhanging the western 
 i shore of Lough Mask, are the princi- 
 j pal elevations of this group. Maam 
 Turk and Mameam rise on the west 
 ! and south over Lough Ina, opposite 
 the eastern portion of the Binnabola 
 group, and the Furnamore range ex- 
 tends along the Mayo boundary on 
 the north. This is the Joyce Coun- 
 try ; the territory south of the Twelve 
 Pins, and of the Shanafola and Mam earn 
 range, is designated Iar-Connaught, 
 or Western Connaught; and Conne- 
 mara Proper extends from the Twelve 
 Pins to the Atlantic. 
 
 This singular district has attracted 
 much attention by the peculiar wild- 
 ness and beauty of its scenery, and by 
 its great capabilities of improvement. 
 Previous to 1813 the entire territory 
 was almost inaccessible — a complete 
 terra incognita even to the great mass 
 of the people of the adjoining dis- 
 tricts ; the only roads were foot roads 
 led over rocks and bogs, or narrow 
 bridle roads scarcely passable on 
 horseback during summer, while in 
 winter the attempt to traverse them 
 was most dangerous and impractic- 
 able. Since 1822, when the improve- 
 ments were commenced by Govern- 
 ment, a complete line of carriage road 
 has been constructed round the entire 
 district, and a coast road is formed 
 touching the heads of all the principal 
 inlets from Costello Bay to Killery 
 Harbour, from which extends an in- 
 land road through the Joyce Country 
 to the head of Lough Corrib, and 
 thence across the central plain of 
 272 
 
 Iar (or Western) Connaught, to the 
 southern road at Costello Bay. The 
 opening of the interior road from 
 Galway to Oughterard and Clifden 
 has been of great advaptage to the 
 inhabitants of the upland parts, by 
 procuring for them employment, and 
 opening up for them a supply of food. 
 Some of the finest harbours in Europe 
 are on the shores of Connemara, and 
 in many places piers have been erect- 
 ed by the Fishery Board. Mr Nimmo 
 states in his Report, which refers ex- 
 clusively to Connemara Proper and 
 the Joyce Country : — “Various great 
 inlets penetrate the district, so that 
 no part of it is distant four miles from 
 existing navigation. There are up- 
 wards of twenty safe and capacious 
 harbours fit for vessels of any bur- 
 then ; about twenty-five navigable 
 lakes in the interior, of a mile or more 
 in length, besides hundreds smaller ; 
 the sea-coast and all these lakes 
 abound with fish. On Lough Corrib 
 it has about 50 miles of shore, so that 
 with Lough Mask, &c. there are per- 
 haps as many miles of shore of the 
 sea or navigable lakes as square miles 
 of surface. Although Connemara is 
 mountainous, it is by no means an up- 
 land country like Wicklow : at least 
 three-fourths of the western portion 
 of it is not one hundred feet above 
 the level of the sea. — This district is 
 entirely destitute of wood, a few 
 scrubby patches only being thinly 
 scattered through it. The country, 
 however, possesses an extensive stool 
 of timber, for in almost every dry 
 knoll or cliff the oak, birch, and hazel, 
 appear shooting in abundance, and 
 require only a little care to rise into 
 valuable forests. The original popu- 
 lation of this district seems to have 
 been entirely confined to the coast. 
 This is in a great measure yet the 
 case. The old churches and chapels 
 are all on the shore, and the only oc- 
 cupation is fishing. Even now there 
 are few people who can be considered 
 farmers. Farming and fishing, it is 
 well known, do not assort well to- 
 gether ; and however active the na- 
 
CON OF IRELAND. CON 
 
 tives appear in the latter occupation, 
 they are little inclined to exertion in 
 the former.” 
 
 Connemara is a region which, if 
 accurately delineated in a map, would 
 make the representation of it black 
 with mountains, studded with bogs, 
 dotted with lakes, and its coast rugged 
 and indented with fine harbours. The 
 inland parts, wild, mountainous, ill 
 cultivated, but displaying the most 
 romantic and picturesque scenery in 
 all the “lone majesty of untamed na- 
 ture,” are so little known, that even to 
 Irish ears the word expresses the 
 Ultima Thule of barbarism. It is 
 said that a magistrate of a neighbour- 
 ing county, when informed that a 
 criminal had been arrested who had 
 long concealed him amid these West- 
 ern Irish Highlands, observed that 
 “ the poor fellow had suffered enough 
 in all conscience for any crime he 
 might have committed, by being 
 banished seven years to Connemara.” 
 When the tourist is in this extraordi- 
 nary region he is actually in the near- 
 est pqrish to America ! The prin- 
 cipal proprietor of this wild district is 
 Mr Martin of Ballynahinch Castle, 
 who reigns supreme amid mountains, 
 lakes, and bogs. Although some 
 travellers compare Connemara to the 
 most romantic parts of Wales and 
 Scotland, it cannot be denied that it 
 is by no means an inviting region. 
 “ Connemara,” says the Sportsman in 
 Ireland, in 1840, “is the most deso- 
 late waste on the face of the civilized 
 globe. Many have spoken of it, yet 
 few have dared to enter the savage 
 dons which are here and there scat- 
 tered along the undrained bogs — one 
 continuous mass of rocks piled on 
 each other, by some extraordinary 
 convulsion of nature, till they over- 
 hang the base — here and there patches 
 of green alluringly presenting them- 
 selves between the abrupt projections, 
 in which, should the luckless traveller 
 place his foot, he is buried for ever. 
 Fifty miles from the lodge-gates to 
 l the proprietor’s house ! — that is, from 
 the first mud hut that stands on the 
 273 
 
 domain of Ballynahinch ! Lodge- 
 gates ! — description is beggared ; — 
 holes dug in the hogs by the road- 
 side, broken rocks for a floor, and 
 turf for a roof, at once furnish the 
 habitations of the tenantry, and the 
 lodge-gates of Connemara ! 
 
 “ This is the free district into 
 which it has been said that the King’s 
 writ never came but once, and how 
 on that occasion it disappeared ought 
 to be no secret. Two officers, more 
 daring than their brethren, under- 
 took to serve a writ on a proprietor. 
 Having entered the confines of Con- 
 nemara, suspicion as to their purpose 
 was soon awakened; the wild inhabit- 
 ants assembled, and, as the luckless 
 strangers proceeded, they found their 
 retreat cut off by hundreds of fol- 
 lowers, whose numbers increased at 
 every turn. The attendance con- 
 tinued till their arrival at the destined 
 spot, when the people closed around, 
 with every mark of civility offering 
 their assistance. They were sur- 
 rounded ; the officer’s credentials 
 were produced, which on the spot he 
 was compelled to swallow, seal and 
 all, himself crammed into a sack, and 
 precipitated over the bridge into the 
 river. The other escaped. Hun- 
 dreds were present at this inhuman 
 act, yet not one was ever betrayed. 
 But the writ has, I believe, run into 
 Connemara nevertheless, and the 
 power of the law is vindicated in the 
 wretched poverty and destitution of 
 the inhabitants, whose welfare is un- 
 der the immediate guardianship of 
 the receivers of the rents appointed 
 by the law. 
 
 “As we approached the bridge 
 which leads to Ballynahinch Castle, as 
 a wretched farm-house is termed, we 
 observed girls and lads, almost naked, 
 watching our progress from behind 
 the rocks, and peeping, as it were, in 
 terror of our appearance. Whenever 
 we turned our full gaze on them, 
 they ran from their hiding-places up 
 the rocks, evincing all the agility and 
 timidity of the savage who had for 
 the first time seen a new animal. 
 
CON 
 
 CCN THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Rags ! rags ! everywhere rags ! The 
 singular ingenuity with which those 
 are held together astonishes, and the 
 only means of keeping them on the 
 limbs would appear to be the veritable 
 wooden skewer. The beings who 
 had in groups assembled, as we re- 
 traced our steps, presented most gro- 
 tesque figures; standing up to their 
 ankles in the wet bog, they regarded 
 us, apparently ill-disposed, unlike the 
 Irish of other districts, to exchange 
 the civil recognition. If they had 
 been met anywhere but in Conne- 
 mara, it would have been impossible 
 to have restrained from laughter at 
 the various devices which had been 
 resorted to for the purpose of cover- 
 ing parts of their bodies. But the 
 Connemara peasants are not to be 
 ridiculed. Their deeds have been 
 deeds of seriousness, and we remem- 
 bered these as we passed. It was a 
 matter of wonder with Foote what 
 the beggars in England did with their 
 cast-off clothes, for at some time they 
 must be worn out even for beggars, 
 yet no one ever hears of their ulti- 
 mate destination or use. Foote had 
 never visited Connemara, or his diffi- 
 culty would have been solved — they 
 must be bought by the Connemara 
 freeholders ! 
 
 “But Connemara has indigenous 
 wealth. Its natural productions are 
 marble, tin, lead, iron, and coal, all of 
 which invite the labour and enter- 
 prise of civilized man. Alas ! there 
 is neither talent to suggest, means to 
 prosecute, nor safety to complete the 
 undertaking. The scenic beauties 
 are as various as the productions of 
 i nature, and call loudly for the inter- 
 position of the skill of man. But, 
 until the habits of the uncultivated 
 creatures who dwell amidst them are 
 | greatly changed, however vast the 
 natural advantages, there can be no 
 inducement for the capitalist to risk 
 his energies among a people who have 
 long been trained to consider them- 
 selves above all law. So general and 
 so great is the apprehension of the 
 lower orders of other districts, that, 
 274 
 
 even where employment has been 
 offered, they have declined to undergo 
 the danger of fixing their habitations 
 in Connemara. The jealousy enter- 
 tained by the aborigines is sufficient 
 to deter new comers, while the secrecy 
 with which the most atrocious crimes 
 have been committed, and the utter 
 fearlessness of the law’s visitation, 
 have given a long-fancied impunity to 
 their conduct.” 
 
 Connemara was the region of the 
 proud Granawaile, known as the Queen 
 of the West , who once paid a visit to 
 the Court of Queen Elizabeth. This 
 Amazon not only ruled supreme over 
 all the mountains of the district, but 
 even the islands on the coast acknow- 
 ledged her sw r ay . She possessed many 
 castles, but her favourite residence 
 was on Clare Island, which commands 
 the entrance of Clew Bay, from which 
 quarter she was most exposed to the 
 attacks of invaders. It is gravely 
 recorded, that when her vessels rode 
 at anchor in the Bay, the cables were 
 secured to her bed-post ! Tradition 
 records many stories of Granawaile, 
 which are implicitly believed by the 
 peasantry. On one occasion she was 
 refused admittance into the Earl of 
 Howth’s castle near Dublin, where 
 she had landed after having been 
 kept out at sea by stress of weather. 
 She was told that the Earl was at 
 dinner, and could not be disturbed, 
 and that it was customary to keep 
 the gates shut during that repast. 
 Perceiving the Earl’s son amusing 
 himself without the castle walls, she 
 carried him on board her fleet, and 
 sailing for the western shore, im- 
 mured the youth amid the wilds of 
 Connemara. A war commenced be- 
 tween the Earl of Howth and Grana- 
 waile, in which the “ Queen of the 
 West” was victorious, and the Earl 
 was glad to get his son released from 
 captivity on the condition that his 
 castle gates were to be always open 
 during dinner, and the weary travel- 
 ler never denied refreshment. 
 
 CONNOR, a Bishop's See in the 
 Archiepiscopal Province of Armagh 
 
CON OF IRELAND. CON 
 
 and Province of Ulster, very nearly 
 co-extensive with the county of An- 
 trim. The Diocese is computed to 
 extend 57 miles from north to south, 
 and about 31 miles in breadth from 
 east to west. In 183(3 it contained 72 
 parishes, and 40 benefices, not includ- 
 ing perpetual curacies, of which three 
 parishes and part of a fourth are in 
 the county of Derry, and a portion of 
 one is in the county of Down. In 
 1834 the parochial edifices of the 
 j Church of Ireland were in number 
 51 ; Roman Catholic chapels, 45 ; Pres- 
 byterian meeting-houses, 96; other 
 Dissenting meeting-houses, 41. In 
 that year the gross population of the 
 Diocese was 361,618, of whom 66,888 
 were members of the Church of Ire- 
 i land, 95,545 were Roman Catholics, 
 193,261 were Presbyterians, and 5924 
 were Protestants of other religious 
 denominations. Connor thus con- 
 tains a population of about three Pro- 
 testants to one Roman Catholic, and 
 is the most Protestant Diocese in Ire- 
 land. In 1834 there were 562 schools 
 in this Diocese, educating 32,938 young 
 persons, of which 86 schools w ere in 
 connection with the National Board 
 of Education. The Chapter of Con- 
 nor consists of the Dean, the Chanter, 
 Chancellor, Treasurer, Archdeacon, 
 and four Prebendaries. “ In the Pres- 
 byterian General Assembly of Ire- 
 land" is a Presbytery of Connor, which 
 in 1841 consisted of eleven congrega- 
 tions. 
 
 The alleged founder of the Bishop- 
 ric of Connor was St JEngus Mac- 
 nisius, or Macnish, who died shortly 
 after the commencement of the sixth 
 century. He was the disciple of one 
 Olcan, a follower of St Patrick. No- 
 thing is known of his successors till 
 the episcopate of Malachi O’Morgain, 
 in 1124, translated to Armagh in 1134. 
 If we are to credit the statement of 
 Bernard of Clarevalle in his Latin 
 Life of Malachi, this Bishop found 
 the inhabitants “ Christians in name, 
 but Pagans in practice, caring neither 
 ! for the rites of marriage nor of bap- 
 tism, paying neither tithe nor first- 
 
 fruits, and little better than beasts 
 of the field." Malachi, however, ef- 
 fected such a reformation in these 
 and other matters, that when he was 
 removed to Armagh, ten years after- 
 wards, he left them as pious and holy 
 Christians as St Patrick himself could 
 desire. In the beginning of the 
 fifteenth century, though there was a 
 regular succession of Bishops, the 
 inhabitants of the Diocese again re- 
 lapsed into barbarism, and numbers 
 were unbaptized. Before this period 
 the Diocese of Connor w r as often de- 
 signated Dalnaruigli, or Dalaradia. 
 A Bishop whose name was John, but 
 of w hom nothing else is known, suc- 
 ceeded in 1440, and in 1442 he induced 
 Pope Eugene IV. to unite the See of 
 Down to that of Connor, in opposition 
 to the wish of John Prene, then Arch- 
 bishop of Armagh, and Primate of 
 all Ireland, and even of the English 
 monarch. These Bishoprics have 
 since continued united. By the act 
 of 1833 the See of Dromore was an- 
 nexed, when vacant by avoidance, to 
 the Sees of Down and Connor. 
 
 CONNOR, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony and county of Antrim. 
 The village of Connor, which is the 
 reputed episcopal seat, but minus a 
 cathedral, is an inconsiderable place 
 on the Glenwhirry stream, a short 
 distance from Ballymena, and is con- 
 nected with the village of Kells. It 
 was formerly walled, and must in 
 consequence have been of some im- 
 portance. In 1315 the English under 
 Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, were 
 defeated at Connor by Edw ard Bruce 
 and the Scotish invaders, who took 
 possession of the town. The place is 
 supposed to have decayed after the 
 eruption of the expelled Irish in 1333, 
 and it is likely to continue, what it 
 now is, a rural manufacturing village. 
 Here is a large Presbyterian meeting- 
 house. Fairs are held at Connor on 
 the 1st of February, 1st of May, 2d of 
 August, and 28th of October. There 
 are several schools. Population of 
 village in 1831, 289 ; of parish, 8682. 
 Post-towns, Antrim and Ballymena. 
 
coo 
 
 CONRY, or Conrath, a parochial 
 chapelry in the Barony of Ratheon- 
 rath, county of \V istmeath, and Dio- 
 cese of Meath. Post-town, Bally- 
 more. 
 
 CONVOY, a chapelry in which is 
 the village of its name, in the parish 
 and Barony of Raphoe, county of 
 Donegal, three miles west of the epis- 
 copal town of Raphoe, on the Dale 
 river. It has a Presbyterian meeting- 
 house, and fairs are held in February, 
 May, June, August, September, Octo- 
 ber, November, and December. Near 
 the village is the residence of Convoy, 
 in a fine demesne. 
 
 CONWALL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Kilmac- 
 renanand Raphoe, county of Donegal, 
 and Diocese of Raphoe, including the 
 post-town of Letterkenny. See Let- 
 
 TERKENNY. 
 
 COOKSTOWN, a parochial chapel- 
 ry in the Barony of Rataoth, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Post-town, 
 Dunshaughlin. 
 
 COOKSTOWN, a post and market 
 town in the parish of Derryloran, 
 county of Tyrone, about four miles 
 from Moneymore, on the road from 
 Armagh, by Charlemont, Dungannon, 
 and Stewartstown, to Moneymore and 
 Coleraine. It chiefly consists of a 
 single street which, though long and 
 straggling, has an agreeably rural as- 
 pect, caused by the trees which line 
 the houses, and the inhabitants are 
 principally engaged in the linen ma- 
 nufacture. Cookstown is, in short, 
 a pretty country town, situated in a 
 beautiful, fertile, and interesting dis- 
 trict. It has a market square, court, 
 and market-houses, a linen hall, a pa- 
 rish church, and two Presbyterian 
 meeting-houses. In the vicinity is 
 the splendid mansion of Killymoon, 
 the seat of the proprietor, in one of 
 the best wooded demesnes in the 
 North of Ireland. This residence, 
 which is situated on the north bank 
 of the Ballinderry or Kildress river, 
 was erected from a design by Nash, 
 and cost, it is said, L. 80,000. The 
 form is a parallelogram; the north 
 275 
 
 COO 
 
 and east sides, which are the chief ar- 
 chitectural fronts, and containing the 
 principal apartments, forming two 
 sides of a square, while the other 
 sides, which contain the offices, are of 
 an irregular ground plan, and are 
 shaded by trees. A large circular 
 tower rises nearly in the centre of the 
 east front, in which is the entrance, 
 and is terminated at its northern an- 
 gle by an octagon tower of inferior 
 height, but of equal dimensions. The 
 north front, extending from the octa- 
 gon tower, has a square erection at its 
 western extremity . In this quarter of 
 the mansion is the only remaining 
 part of the original mansion which 
 was on the estate when purchased by 
 the ancestor of Colonel Stewart from 
 the Earl of Tyrone. Fairs are held 
 at Cookstown on the first Saturday of 
 every month. Population in 1831, 
 2883. 
 
 COOLAGH, a village in the parish 
 of Kilcrohan, county of Kerry, on the 
 estuary of the Kenmare river. A 
 pier, with a landing quay, was erected 
 by the Fishery Board. 
 
 COOLAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, in the Union of St 
 Johnstown. Post-town, Killenaule. 
 
 COOLAGHMORE, also Coolagh, 
 a parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory, in the Union 
 of Callan. Population in 1831, 1417. 
 Post-town, Callan. 
 
 COOLANY, a small and remote 
 village in the parish of Killoran, 
 county of Sligo, five miles from the 
 post-town or village of Colooney, sur- 
 rounded by the fine and extensively 
 improved estate of Annaghmore. 
 
 COOLATTIN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kilcommon, county of Wick- 
 low, about four miles from Carnew. 
 Near it is the hamlet of Shillelagh, 
 containing the neat parish church, 
 and several good houses. In the vi- 
 cinity is Coolattin Park, a seat of Earl 
 Fitzwilliam, a large and commodious 
 mansion, but of no great architectural 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
COO OF IRELAND. COO 
 
 pretensions. The demesne contains 
 some fine old trees. Most extensive 
 improvements have been effected on 
 Earl Fitzwilliam’s estate, and the 
 tenantry are respectable and thriving. 
 Fairs are held in February, May, Au- 
 gust, and November. There is a 
 good inn at Coolattin, 
 
 COOLAVIN, one of the six Baro- 
 nies into which the county of Sligo is 
 divided, almost wholly occupied by 
 the Curlew and other mountains. It 
 comprises the parishes of Kilfree, Kil- 
 coleman, and Killaraght. There are no 
 towns or villages of any importance. 
 
 COOLBANAGHER, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Portnahinch, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare. It contains parts of the towns 
 of Emo and Mountmellick. The 
 ruins of Coolbanagher Castle are 
 opposite the Heath of Maryborough, 
 on which races are occasionally held, 
 and near it the residence of Shean 
 Castle. In the parish are several 
 schools, one of which is supported by j 
 the Marquis of Lansdowne. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 7456. Post-town, Emo. 
 
 COOLBOY, a village in the parish 
 of Carnew, county of Wicklow, con- 
 nected with Hillbrook. Several fairs 
 are held here during the year. Post- 
 town, Tinahely. 
 
 COOLCASHIN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Galmoy, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory. 
 Population in 1831, 564. Post-town, 
 Freshford. 
 
 COOLCOR, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Lower Philips- 
 town, King’s County, and Diocese of 
 Kildare, united to Balljburly. Post- 
 town, Edenderry. 
 
 COOLCRAGHIN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Fassa- 
 dining, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory. Population in 1831, 
 2021. Post-town, Ballyragget. 
 
 COOLE. See Carnmoxey. 
 
 COOLE, one of the eight Baronies 
 into which the county of Fermanagh 
 is divided. It comprises the south- 
 east portion of the county. The 
 principal village is Newtown- Butler. 
 
 277 
 
 COOLE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Fermoy, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. The 
 mansion of Coole Abbey is au elegant 
 residence, a mile below the small town 
 of Castle-Lyons, in the district water- 
 ed by the Bride. Population in 1831, 
 313. Post-town, Fermoy. 
 
 COOLE, a village in the parish of 
 Rathgroffe, county of Westmeath. 
 Fairs are held in May and November. 
 Post-town, Castle-Pollard. 
 
 COOLGRANY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Inch, county of Wexford. 
 Post-town, Arklow. 
 
 COOLINEY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Barrymore, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, con- 
 stituting the corps of the prebend of 
 Cooliney. Post-town, Tallow. 
 
 COOLKENNO, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Aghold, county of Wicklow. 
 Fairs are held in February, May, 
 August, and November. Post-town, 
 Tullow. 
 
 COOLKERRY, a parish and rec- 
 tory, in the Barony of Upper Ossory, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of Os- 
 sory. Population in 1831, 375. Post- 
 town, Rathdowney. 
 
 COOLMUNDRY, a parochial divi- 
 sion in the Barony of Middlethird, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Population in 1831, 421. 
 Post-town, Fethard-Tip. 
 
 COOLNACARTON, an isolated 
 hill at the mouth of the vale of Ina in 
 Galway. See Bixxabola. 
 
 COOLOCK, a Barony in the north- 
 east of the city of Dublin, containing 
 the small towns of Clontarf, Baldoyle, 
 Glassnevin, and Howth. 
 
 COOLOCK, a parish and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of its name, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. The vil- 
 lage of Coolock is about four miles 
 from Dublin, and contains the parish 
 church, which has a very elegant 
 spire. Here are a parochial school 
 and a Roman Catholic school for poor 
 children. Population in 1831, 914. 
 
 COOLSTUFF, a parish and rec- 
 tory, with a village of its name, in 
 the Barony of Shelmalier, county of 
 
COO THE GAZETTEER COR 
 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Po- 
 pulation, 1042. Post-town, Tagkmon. 
 
 COORLOUM, a stream which falls 
 into an estuary beyond the harbour 
 of Ballylickey, near Bantry. The 
 channel of this river is remarkably 
 rugged and precipitous. 
 
 COOTEHILL, a thriving market 
 town in the parish of Drumgoon, 
 county of Cavan, near the junction of 
 the Cootehill and Annalee streams, 
 51 miles from Dublin by Navan, Nob- 
 ber, King’s Court, and Shercock. It 
 is, with the exception of Navan, the 
 best built town in the county, con- 
 tains many respectable inhabitants, 
 and is a striking contrast to the poor 
 towns and villages between it and" 
 Dublin. Cootehill contains the parish 
 church, which is a very neat edifice, 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, two Pres- 
 byterian meeting-houses, and meet- 
 ing-houses for Methodists, Moravians, 
 and Quakers. Here are breweries and 
 distilleries, and commodious inns. 
 The linen ijiavket of Cootehill is 
 among the best in the district, the 
 weekly markets are well attended, and 
 fairs are held on the second Friday in 
 each month for the sale of cattle, flax, 
 yarn, grain, and other commodities. 
 The surrounding country, which in- 
 cludes part of the county of Monaghan, 
 is fertile, in good cultivation, and is 
 ornamented by neat villas. The 
 Cootehill stream discharges the series 
 of small lakes, navigable for boats, 
 lying eastward to Ballybay. These 
 lakes are of varied extent, are locally 
 known by their respective names, and 
 ornament the fine demesnes of Bel- 
 lamont Forest and Dawson Grove on 
 the north side of the town. The 
 former was the seat of the Earl of 
 Bellamont, and in 1841 the seat of his 
 representative, Charles Coote, Esq.; 
 the latter, separated from Bellamont 
 Forest by the narrow lake of Dro- 
 more, and including the demesne of 
 Fairfield, is the beautiful seat of Lord 
 Viscount Cremorne. Among the other 
 residences are Freame Mount, Tan- 
 agh, Dromore Park, and New Park. 
 Population in 1831, 2239. 
 
 278 
 
 COPELAND ISLES, three islets 
 lying a few miles north of Donagha- 
 dee, and south-east of the entrance 
 into Belfast Lough, off the coast of 
 Down. The largest island comprises 
 about 200 acres mostly arable, and has 
 a population of upwards of 100 per- 
 sons ; the other two contain probably 
 40 acres. One of these, called the 
 New Island, is flat and uninteresting ; 
 on the other is a light-house. 
 
 COR AAN- ACHILL, a promontory 
 on the coast of Mayo, between Cleggan 
 Bay on the north and Clew Bay on 
 the south, separated from the island 
 of Achill by the narrow strait called 
 the Sound of Achill. The coast of 
 Coraan-Achill is wildly broken. 
 
 CORE ALLY, a parish and rectory, 
 in the Barony of Barretts, county and 
 Diocese of Cork, annexed to Carrig- 
 rohane. Post-town, Cork. 
 
 CORBALLY, a parish and impro- 
 priate rectory, in the Barony of Iker- 
 rin, county of Tipperary, and Diocese 
 of Cashel. Population in 1831, 3090. 
 Post-town, Roscrea. 
 
 CORBALLY, a parish and rectory 
 on the coast, in the Barony of Gualtier, 
 county and Diocese of Waterford. 
 Population in 1831, 285. Post-town, 
 Waterford. 
 
 CORCLONE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Stradbally, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Leighlin. Po 
 pulation in 1831, 954. Post-town, 1 
 Stradbally. 
 
 CORCOMOHIDE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the county and Diocese of 
 Limerick, in the neighbourhood of 
 Charleville. 
 
 CORCOMROE, a Barony of the 
 county of Clare. See Clare. 
 
 CORCOMROE, a parish and rec- 
 tory, with a village of its name, in 
 the Barony of Burrin, county of 
 Clare, and annexed Diocese of Kilfe- 
 nora, on Galway Bay. It is often 
 designated Corcomroe Abbey. A 
 monastery was founded here by Do- 
 nald O’Brien, King of North Munster, 
 for monks of the Cistertian Order. 
 Population in 1831, 1882. Post-town, 
 Gort. 
 
COR OF IRELAND. COR 
 
 CORK, a Diocese formerly in the 
 Archiepiscopal Province of Cashel, 
 stretches across the central district of 
 the county, including the county of the 
 city. It is computed to extend 74 
 miles in length from east to west, and 
 16 miles in breadth from north to 
 south, containing 83 parishes, consti- 
 tuting 65 benefices in 1837. Several 
 of the parishes are annexed, as in 
 1792 there were 94 parishes. In 1834 
 the parochial edifices of the Church 
 of Ireland were 58 ; Episcopal chapels 
 of ease, 26 ; Roman Catholic chapels, 
 73; Presbyterian meeting-houses, 3; 
 other Dissenting meeting-houses, 16. 
 According to the statement of that 
 year, the gross population of the Dio- 
 cese was 340,594, of whom 35,229 were 
 members of the Church of Ireland ; 
 Roman Catholics, 303,984 ; Presby- 
 terians, 510; other Dissenters, 871. 
 There were also 346 schools in the 
 Diocese, educating 24,448 young per- 
 sons, twenty of which schools were 
 in connection with the Board of Na- 
 tional Education. 
 
 The founder of the See of Cork is 
 generally alleged to have been St 
 Barr, or St Finn-Barr, or the Fair- 
 Haired , who in the beginning of the 
 seventh century quitted thp wild so- 
 litudes of the lake of Gougane Barra, 
 an enlargement of the river Lee about 
 six miles from the village of Incha- 
 geelah, and 33 miles from Cork, and 
 founded his cathedral on the site of a 
 Pagan temple. In the Annals of In- 
 nisfallen it is stated that St Barr died 
 at Cloyne in A.D. 617, and was buried 
 in his own church at Cork. There 
 are no authentic accounts of his suc- 
 cessors, till after the arrival of the 
 English, though a list is given, some 
 of them having the most extraordi- 
 nary names, such as Colum MacCia- 
 rucain, CellachO’Selbac, Neil O’Mail- 
 duib, Airtri Sairt, Mugron O’Mutan, 
 Clerech O’Selbaic, and Maclothod 
 O’Hailgeuan — all evidently of genuine 
 Milesian origin. Gilla Oeda O’Mugin 
 was Bishop in the middle of the 
 twelfth century, and was a great be- 
 nefactor to the Church, as were his 
 279 
 
 successors, Gregory and Reginald. In 
 1431 the See was united to Cloyne, 
 and in 1583 the See of Ross was an- 
 nexed. Cloyne was separated from 
 the united Diocese of Cork and Ross 
 in 1678, but again annexed by the act 
 of 1833 at the death of Bishop Brink- 
 ley (see Cloyne). The Chapter 
 of Cork consists of the Dean, Chan- 
 ter, Chancellor, Treasurer, Archdea- 
 con, and twelve Prebendaries, and 
 the Diocese was long divided into five 
 Deaneries. In 1840 the income of 
 the Bishop of the united Dioceses of 
 Cork, Ross, and Cloyne, was stated to 
 be L.4160. 
 
 Cork, or rather the city, gives the 
 title of Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the Noble Family of Boyle, created 
 Barons Boyle, in the Peerage of Great 
 Britain, in 1711. Sir Richard Boyle 
 was created Baron Boyle of Youghal 
 in 1616, and 1620 was advanced to the 
 dignity of Earl of Cork and Viscount 
 Dungarvon. This nobleman died in 
 1643, and left several sons, four of 
 whom were elevated to the Peerage, 
 viz. Richard, who succeeded his fa- 
 ther as Earl of Cork, created Baron 
 Clifford in 1644, and Earl of Burling- I 
 ton, in 1663, in the Peerage of Eng- 
 land; Lewis, created Baron Bandon I 
 and Viscount Boyle ; Roger, created 
 Earl of Orrery ; and Francis, created [ 
 Viscount Shannon. The Hon. Robert 
 Boyle, the celebrated philosopher, 
 was also a son of the first Earl of Cork, j 
 John, fifth Earl of Orrery, became, i 
 by the death of his kinsman Richard, 
 fifth Earl of Cork in 1753, and since , 
 that the Peerages have been united. 
 
 CORK, a maritime county of the 
 Province of Munster, is bounded on 
 the south by the Atlantic, on the 
 west by the county of Kerry, on the 
 north by the counties of Limerick 
 and Tipperary, and on the east by the 
 county of Waterford. It is the largest j 
 county in Ireland. The greatest 
 length, from Youghal Harbour on the 
 east to the mouth of the Kenmare 
 river on the west, is at least 110 Eng- 
 lish miles, and the breadth from the 
 Old Head of Kinsale on the south to 
 
COR THE GAZETTEER COR 
 
 Charleville on the north is 56 English 
 miles, but from Baltimore to Charle- 
 ville it is much greater. It is said 
 to have an extent of 2765 square miles, 
 or 1,769,563 English acres, of which 
 1,068,803 are estimated to be culti- 
 vated, and 700,760 uncultivated ; but 
 the Ordnance Survey reduces it to 
 1,725,100 statute acres, of which 
 1,024,340 are arable, and 700,760 were 
 in 1840 either barren mountain or 
 bog. The indentations of the shore, 
 from Youghal to Kenmare, give a 
 coast line of about 200 square miles. 
 In this long line of coast are numer- 
 ous bays, such as Ballycotton Bay 
 beyond Youghal, the noble Cove of 
 Cork, or Cork Harbour, Robert’s 
 Cove, Oyster Harbour, Kinsale Har- 
 bour, Courtmacsherry Bay, Clona- 
 kilty Bay, Ross Bay, Glandore Har- 
 bour, Castlehaven Harbour, Roaring- 
 Water Bay, with its numerous inlets, 
 Ballydevelin Bay, Dunmanus Bay, 
 Bantry Bay, and round the promon- 
 tory to Kenmare Harbour. Among 
 the islands are Cable Island, at the 
 west entrance of Youghal Harbour, 
 Innishirkin, Cape Clear, both on the 
 south-east of Roaring-Water Bay, 
 Long Island in that Bay, Bere and 
 Whiddy Islands in Bantry Bay, and 
 Dursey Island. The promontories 
 or headlands are also numerous. The 
 facilities for water-carriages are con- 
 fined to the coast, where commodious 
 piers are erected. The inland navi- 
 gation of the Bandon is very incon- 
 siderable, and the intercourse of the 
 city of Cork with the Atlantic is rather 
 that of a harbour than a river navi- 
 gation. That part of the course of 
 the Blackwater which is navigable is 
 in the county of Waterford. 
 
 The county comprises twenty-two 
 Baronies, one county of a city, and 
 several corporate districts. The Ba- 
 ronies of Duhallow, Orrery and Kil- 
 more, Fermoy, and Condons and Clon- 
 gibbons, surveying the map from east 
 to west, form the district traversed 
 by the Blackwater; the Baronies of 
 West Muskerry, East Muskerry, Bar- 
 retts, Barrymore, Kilnataloon, and 
 
 280 l 
 
 Imokilly, include the district of the 
 Lee river in the same order ; the Ba- 
 ronies of Bere, Bantry, West Car- 
 bery, west and east divisions. East 
 Carbery, west and east divisions; and 
 the Baronies of Ibawne, Courcies, 
 Kinnalmeaky, Kinnalea, Kinsale, and 
 Kerricurrihy, comprise the remainder 
 of the county on the south. The 
 divisions of the county of the city of 
 Cork, and the Liberties of Youghal 
 and Mallow, are unconnected with 
 these Baronies. Several other cor- 
 porate towns have also what are called 
 Liberties. By the statute of the 4th 
 George IV. the county was divided 
 into the East and West Ridings. 
 
 The principal rivers are the Lee, 
 the Bandon, and the Blackwater ; the 
 only lakes are two small sheets of 
 water near the source of the Lee, or 
 rather expansions of that river, and 
 some pools on the coast. It was pro- 
 posed to render the Bandon navi- 
 gable from D unmanway to Inisho- 
 nan; and the Blackwater from Mal- 
 low to Cappoquin, but this has never 
 been attempted, and lines of railway 
 will render this in all probability 
 unnecessary. The line of railway, 
 under the direction of the Commis- 
 sioners, from Dublin by Maryborough, 
 Thurles, Cashel, and Cahir, enters the 
 county near Mitchelstown, and pass- 
 ing Mallow, Blarney, and Cork, ter- 
 minates at Berehaven on Bantry Bay. 
 A railroad was projected from Cork 
 to Passage, in consequence of the 
 greatly frequented ferry between the 
 mainland Cove. Prior to 1829 a 
 great portion of the north-west of the 
 county was almost inaccessible, and 
 the district between the Blackwater 
 and the Shannon, said to comprise 
 970 square miles, in which were long 
 only two resident proprietors, whose 
 houses were nearly forty miles sepa- 
 rate, contained no road passable even 
 on horseback in wet weather before 
 1822. Between 1822 and 1829, up- 
 wards of 75 miles of good roads were 
 formed in the northern parts of this 
 district, and the most favourable re- 
 sults followed. Instead of the people 
 
COR OF IRELAND. COR 
 
 continuing poor and ignorant, there 
 was an immediate advance to indus- 
 try and intelligence, and this quarter, 
 which had been long the haunt of 
 smugglers, robbers, and outlaws, w’as 
 not only improved in morals but in 
 agricultural produce. The southern 
 portion of this district, in the north- 
 west of the county, comprising 128,000 
 acres, was opened up by the road pro- 
 jected in 1829 from Castle-Island in 
 Kerry eastward to Mallow. Another 
 line of road connects Killarnev by 
 Mallow with Waterford. The Board 
 of Works advanced a sum for the 
 formation of the road from Glenga- 
 riff, across the ridge of the Bantry 
 Mountains, to Killarney. In 1823 
 Government granted permission to 
 construct the road through the centre 
 of the Boggra Mountains, w hich had 
 previously formed an impassible bar- 
 rier westward from Mallow to Mill- 
 J street. The expense of this road 
 ! amounted to L. 10,000, one half levied 
 by county presentments, and the other 
 half defrayed out of the Consolidated 
 i Fund. Other roads have been formed 
 , in various directions, especially in the 
 neighbourhoods of Bandon, Cloghna- 
 kilty, Courtmacsherry, and Skib- 
 ! bereen, and have been of the utmost 
 ■ advantage in every respect to the im- 
 I provement of this great and important 
 county. 
 
 The chief mountain groups are 
 those connected with the main ridge 
 which separates Cork from Kerry, 
 and the principal are the ranges north 
 and south of the valley of the Lee, 
 this river dividing the county into 
 almost two equal parts. On the north 
 are the Muskerry, Boggra, and Nagles 
 Mountains, stretching from the boun- 
 dary of Kerry on the west to within 
 a few miles of the borders of Water- 
 I ford on the east; on the south the 
 Shehy group is less extended from the 
 main ridge. Throughout the whole 
 county there is a remarkable diver- 
 sity of scenery, climate, soil, culture, 
 and popular habits. It is appro- 
 j priately observed of Cork by the au- 
 thor of the interesting sketches in the 
 281 
 
 li Quarterly Journal of Agriculture’* 
 (No. XLVI., September 1839), that — 
 “ If its culture and fertility corre- 
 sponded with its dimensions, it would 
 indeed be the most important county 
 of the island; but though partially 
 exhibiting high degrees of cultivation, 
 the general features of the husbandry 
 are of the coarsest character, while 
 the natural surface of some of the 
 most bleak and barren districts exhi- 
 bits wildly magnificent scenery, espe- 
 cially on the south-western limits, 
 where schistose rocks, with fissures 
 and caverns innumerable, of vast ele- 
 vation, form the barrier against the 
 tremendous power of the Atlantic, 
 which, lashing the cliffs with its rag- 
 ing waves in awful majesty, would 
 apparently threaten to engulf the 
 land.” The same writer observes in 
 another place — “ The whole range of 
 the western part of the county of Cork 
 is remarkable for the hospitality of 
 the few resident gentry and farmers. 
 The abundance of fish and poultry, 
 and the trifling cost of rearing small 
 sheep, with the opportunities of pur- 
 chasing home-made whisky from the 
 mountaineers in exchange for barley, 
 render house-keeping comparatively 
 cheap; and as show and pretension 
 are here unknown, a disposition of 
 hospitality, which can never co-exist 
 with a love of display and assumed 
 importance, prevails in its genuine 
 spirit.” 
 
 The minerals are limestone, sand- 
 stone, and quartz, the veins of the 
 latter of which at Sugarloaf Hill, over- 
 looking Glengariff Bay, abound in 
 ores of iron, copper, lead, and man- 
 ganese. Coal is wrought ; and marl, 
 fullers’ earth, and clay for brick kilns 
 and potteries, are obtained in abun- 
 dance. The principal copper mines 
 in Ireland are at Allahies (see Alla- 
 hies). Veins of sulphate of barytes 
 occur near Bantry, and asbestos at 
 Berehaven. In former times, when 
 the county was well wooded, iron- 
 works were extensively carried on, as 
 the ore is abundant, but there is a de- 
 ficiency of coal for smelting. Even 
 
COR THE GAZETTEER COR 
 
 in 1612 the East India Company had 
 iron-works on the Bandon, and paid 
 L.7000 for a tract of wood for their 
 furnaces. About 1632 the first Earl 
 of Cork possessed 1000 tons of bar, 
 and 20,000 tons of pig iron, besides 200 
 tons drawn out, and faggoted into 
 rods. Some idea of the value of this 
 maybe inferred, when it is recollected 
 that in the reign of Charles I. bar 
 iron in Ireland was worth L.18 ster- 
 ling per ton. 
 
 The export of butter, grain, and 
 other agricultural produce, is the 
 principal trade of the county. In 
 several towns the linen and woollen 
 manufactures at one time flourished, 
 but these branches are now limited, 
 though still carried on. The county 
 may be said to be for the most part 
 agricultural in the interior, while 
 fishing employs many of the inhabit- 
 ants of the coast. In 1835 the Horti- 
 cultural Society of Cork was institut- 
 ed, and in 1836 the County Agricul- 
 tural Society. 
 
 This county, including a consider- 
 able portion of Kerry and Limerick, 
 was a separate petty kingdom before 
 the arrival of the English, of which 
 the princes were of the MacCarty fa- 
 mily. It was divided into the dis- 
 tricts of Desmond, or South Munster, 
 on the west, and Muskerry, a part of 
 Ormond, or West Munster, and Car- 
 bery, on the south-west. In 1172 
 Dermod MacCarthy, King of Cork or 
 Munster, swore fealty to Henry II. ; 
 but he rebelled against the English 
 some years afterwards, for which he 
 forfeited his kingdom, and it was be- 
 stowed on Robert Fitz-Stephen and 
 Milo de Cogan. The civil history of 
 the county after this period is inter- 
 esting, and exhibits the usual feuds, 
 predatory wars, forfeitures, and trans- 
 fers of property, peculiar to the Irish 
 annals. The Reformation made little 
 progress in this quarter of Ireland, 
 and the county was thought the most 
 suitable for an attempt in favour of 
 the Roman Catholic cause in the 
 reign of Queen Elizabeth, under Philip, 
 King of Spain, to whom Pope Gregory 
 
 282 j 
 
 XIII. very kindly and generously 
 made a present of Ireland. This 
 Northern Rebellion caused many for- 
 feitures, and the estates were granted 
 to English adventurers. The cele- 
 brated Sir Walter Raleigh, who had 
 been active in suppressing the rebel- 
 lion, became possessed of upwards of 
 20,000 acres in Cork and Waterford, 
 which he conveyed to Sir Richard 
 Boyle, first Earl of Cork, for a small 
 sum in 1602. The Boyle Family be- 
 came the proprietors, and the first 
 Earl of Cork both founded and enlarg- 
 ed several of the present corporate 
 towns, which eventually secured to 
 the several branches of that Family 
 the whole representation of the coun- 
 ty. During the Civil Wars in Charles 
 I/s reign, after the Irish Rebellion 
 broke out, several battles were fought 
 in the county, particularly at Liscar- 
 rol, and at Knockinoss near Mallow. 
 The county was the scene of nume- 
 rous sanguinary conflicts between the 
 native Irish and the militia of English 
 descent during the war of the Revo- 
 lution. 
 
 The antiquities chiefly consist of 
 castles, religious edifices, and raths, 
 the former of which are very nume- 
 rous, and many of them possessing 
 great historical interest. In 1829 the 
 amount of taxation levied by Grand 
 Jury Presentments amounted to 
 L. 72.969; and in 1829-30, on a valua- 
 tion made by order of the Grand Jury, 
 the rent w*as estimated at L. 1,135, 923 
 per annum. The county returns two 
 members to the Imperial Parliament ; 
 constituency in 1840-1, 4384. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 810,732. 
 
 CORK, the county and assize 
 town, and the second city in Ireland, 
 is situated on both sides of the mouth 
 of the river Lee, four miles from its 
 entrance into Cork Harbour, 126 
 miles from Dublin by Kilkenny, Clon- 
 mel, and Fermoy, and the same dis- 
 tance by Kilcullen, Athy, Durrow, 
 Cashel, Cahir, and Mitchelstown ; 
 and 146 miles by Waterford, Dun- 
 garvan, and Youghal. The Lee di- 
 vides into tw'o branches a little above 
 
COR OF IRELAND. COR 
 
 the city, and these branches, which 
 are separate channels to the harbour, 
 form an island, or rather two islands, 
 on which the older and central part 
 of the city is built. In this and some 
 other divisions of Cork many of the 
 streets are narrow, irregular, and not 
 well adapted for business or for 
 cleanliness. Various streams diverge 
 from the two branches of the Lee, 
 which give the interior of the city an 
 irrigated and canal-looking aspect. 
 The county of the city consists of the 
 City, the Suburbs, and the Liberties, 
 and comprises 45,000 statute acres. 
 By the charter, 6th James I., the city 
 and all the lands extending from its 
 walls, within a circuit of three miles, 
 were erected into a separate county 
 | under the jurisdiction of the magi- 
 ! strates, and liable to city taxation. The 
 suburbs on each side of the island 
 formed by the Lee were defined by 
 act of Parliament in 1813, but since 
 that year these suburbs have consi- 
 derably extended. The earliest char- 
 ter of Cork bears date the 26th of 
 Henry II., and the latest the 31st of 
 George II. The present Liberties 
 extend round the city to a distance 
 varying from three to six miles, and, 
 according to Mr Windele, contain 147 
 plough-lands and 43,528 statute acres : 
 at the south side they approach the 
 town of Passage, and at the north 
 they extend from the Glanmore river 
 on the east, to the Awbeg on the west, 
 near Blarney. 
 
 Cork, though deficient in public 
 buildings, is a fine city ; and even the 
 irregularity of its streets and edifices 
 give it a picturesque appearance. The 
 principal streets of the modern parts 
 are broad and spacious, and are not 
 inferior to those of any provincial 
 city in the kingdom, while the Mar- 
 dyke Walk, about a mile in length at 
 the west end of the city, is a beautiful 
 public promenade. “ Cork,” says Mr 
 Inglis, “I call a very fine city, sur- 
 passed by few iu the excellence and 
 width of its streets, or in the magni- 
 ficence of its outlets, and deficient only 
 in the architectural beauty of its pub- 
 283 
 
 lie buildings. The best quarters of 
 Cork are fully on a par with the best 
 quarters of Liverpool or Manchester, 
 but the worst parts are worse, and 
 more extended than in these towns. 
 The best streets in Cork are the mer- 
 cantile streets, and in these the shops 
 are little, if at all, inferior to Dublin. 
 Few streets in Cork have the appear- 
 ance of being inhabited by the upper 
 classes : one cause of this is, that a 
 large number of the merchants live 
 out of the town. The passion for 
 country houses in Cork is universal, 
 and the extreme beauty of the en- 
 virons Is a great encouragement of 
 this passion. Cork is a picturesque 
 city in its architecture, in its form, 
 and in its situation. With scarcely an 
 exception, the streets are irregular, 
 every house having a style, height, 
 and size of its own. The best view 
 of Cork is obtained from the eleva- 
 tion which rises to the north, at no 
 great distance from the Barracks ; but 
 from every elevation, on every side, 
 the city is seen to advantage. It is, 
 however, greatly deficient in spires. 
 The extreme suburbs are not so 
 wretched as I found them in most 
 other large towns, but if one does not j 
 find the long rows of mud cabins 
 which branch out from Waterford or 
 Kilkenny, abundance of wretched ho- 
 vels are found in the lanes and yards 
 of the city.” 
 
 The origin of Cork is variously as- 
 cribed to St Fin-Barr and to the | 
 Danes. The former founded his ca- 
 thedral on the gentle eminence above | 
 the south branch of the Lee, and a 
 monastery was shortly added. The 
 school of St Barr is supposed to have 
 first drawn inhabitants to the neigh- 
 bourhood, as during his lifetime there 
 were here no fewer than 700 priests, 
 monks, and students, and the growth 
 of a hamlet was the consequence. 
 Not long afterwards the place was of 
 such importance as to be designated 
 Cor cuige- More, or the Great Cork. 
 
 In A.D. 685, Risseni, Abbot of Cor- 
 cuige-More , died; in A.D. 814, the 
 people of Cork are recorded as com- 
 
COR THE GAZETTEER COR 
 
 mitting a great havoc in Muskerry ; 
 in A.D. 822, 833, and 839, the town was 
 laid waste by the Danes, and again in 
 A.D. 978, it was destroyed by fire. 
 In A.D. 1013, a Danish fleet sailed into 
 the Harbour, and burned the city ; 
 but we are told that the inhabitants 
 did not long permit the outrage to 
 pass unpunished. 
 
 These facts certainly refute the 
 statement that Cork was walled in by 
 the Danes in the ninth century, un- 
 less it is admitted that they had been 
 expelled shortly afterwards ; for, from 
 the low situation of the city, it never 
 could have been a place of strength, 
 and the only severe siege it ever sus- 
 tained was in 1690. The Lee in those 
 early times formed a series of islands, 
 exclusive of the two connected islands 
 on which the old part of the city is 
 built. These islets were low and 
 marshy, and inundated at floods and 
 high tides. The increase of the city 
 since the Revolution caused the re- 
 claiming of these waters, now covered 
 by streets ; the intersecting channels 
 are concealed by arches, and these clus- 
 ters now form one island, connected 
 with the main land by six bridges, 
 beyond which the suburbs have great- 
 ly extended, and now form a most 
 important portion of the city. 
 
 Among the ancient historical noti- 
 ces connected with Cork collected by 
 Mr Windele, we find Dermod Mac- 
 Carthy, Prince of Desmond, surren- 
 dering the city, then walled, to Henry 
 II. in 1172, and an English governor 
 and garrison introduced ; but it was 
 soon recovered by its former owners. 
 Five years afterwards the city was 
 wasted by M’Domhnall MacCarthy 
 and the English, and the same year it 
 was stormed by Milo de Cogan. In 
 1182 Dermod MacCarthy, who had re- 
 nounced his allegiance to the English, 
 besieged Cork, and pushed the go- 
 vernor, Robert Fitz-Stephen, to extre- 
 mities ; but the city was relieved by 
 Raymond le Gros, who advanced from 
 Waterford. In 1185, Cork was again 
 besieged by Dermod MacCarthy, who, 
 on this occasion, was opposed by 
 284 
 
 Theobald Fitz-Walter, one of the al- , 
 leged ancestors of the Ormond Fa- | 
 mily. MacCarthy was slain, but the 
 Priuce of Desmond, probably his son, 
 took the city in 1195. After this 
 period, when the Irish had overrun 
 the possessions of the decayed York- j 
 ist nobility, and even to the time of ; 
 Elizabeth, the inhabitants lived as if 
 in a state of continual siege, never 
 venturing beyond their walls except 1 
 in numerous bodies, and so connected | 
 in consequence by intermarriages, that , 
 they were all, as Camden observes, in 
 some degree related to each other. 
 Hollinshed also records that, as the 1 
 citizens were “encumbered on the i 
 land side with civil neighbours, the i 
 Irish outlaws,” they were compelled 
 to “ watch their gates hourlie, to 
 keepe them shut at service time, at 
 meales, from sun to sun, nor suffer 
 anie stranger to enter the citie with 
 his weapon, but the same to leave at a ! 
 lodge appointed. They walke out at 
 seasons for recreation with power of 
 men furnished.” 
 
 In 1185, King John granted to Cork 
 its first charter, conferring rights simi- i 
 lar to those enjoyed by Bristol, and j 
 an additional charter was granted in i 
 1235. The Franciscan or Grey Friars’ 
 Monastery was founded in 1214, in 
 which the Prince of Desmond was 
 interred in 1247, and that of the Do- 
 minicans in 1229, in which Mortimer, 
 Earl of March and Ulster, Lord-Lieu- 
 tenant of Ireland, died in 1381. A 
 grant was made for inclosing the city 
 with new walls in 1284, and in 1319 a 
 grant was made for paving the streets, 
 constructing bridges, and erecting 
 quays. The city sent members to the 
 Irish Parliament in 1359. The noted 
 Perkin Warbeck appeared in Cork in 
 1493, calling himself Richard Planta- 
 genet, Duke of York. He was received 
 with royal honours, and entertained 
 by John Walters, the Mayor, for which 
 offence the city was deprived of its 
 charter, and the unfortunate Mayor 
 w r as hanged and beheaded. 
 
 Cork is mentioned both by Hollin- 
 shed and Stannihurst as the fourth of 
 
COR OF IRELAND. COR 
 
 the Irish cities, and a rhyming pro- 
 phecy was then current, which is still 
 1 remembered, that u Limerick was, 
 Dublin is, but Cork will be — the 
 greatest city of the three.” During 
 the reign of Elizabeth the Roche fa- 
 mily became the most influential in 
 the city, and they possessed two 
 castles, one of which stood on the 
 site occupied by the former Exchange, 
 called the Golden Castle ; and another 
 without the walls, in Shandon Castle 
 Lane, known as Short Castle. In 1571 
 Queen Elizabeth presented a silver 
 collar (of 8S) to Maurice Roche, 
 Mayor of Cork, for his services against 
 the Earl of Desmond, which, in 1839, 
 when Mr Windele’s excellent work, 
 the “ Historical and Descriptive No- 
 tices of the City of Cork and its Vici- 
 nity,” was published, was in the pos- 
 session of Thomas C. Kearney, Esq., 
 the representative of the Kearney fa- 
 mily. The gold collar worn officially 
 by the Mayor of Cork is a fac-simile. 
 
 Sir George Carey, Lord President 
 of Munster, who undertook to reduce 
 the whole Province, established his re- 
 sidence at Shandon Castle, already 
 mentioned, in 1599, probably after Sir 
 Warham St Leger,the Lord President 
 of Munster, and others, who had ven- 
 tured out of the city for recreation, 
 were killed by M’Guire, who was him- 
 self slain in the conflict. This was 
 during the rebellion of Hugh Earl of 
 Tyrone, who had raised James Fitz- 
 Thomas to the title of Earl of Des- 
 mond. This Fitz- Thomas is known 
 as the Sugawn Earl, or Straw Earl, 
 and in his rebellion he was joined by 
 great numbers of the native Irish 
 under Florence MacCarthy, who had 
 been created MacCarthy More by Ty- 
 rone, in the room of Daniel, deposed 
 from the chieftainship by the same 
 authority. MacCarthy was taken and 
 executed, and the Sugawn Earl was 
 delivered a prisoner, by his relative 
 the White Knight , to Lord President 
 Carey at Shandon Castle, in which he 
 was put in irons, tried and convicted, 
 and sent to the Tower of London, 
 where he died in 1608. At the death 
 285 
 
 of Elizabeth the citizens refused to 
 proclaim James I. as her successor, 
 and the Lord-Deputy Mountjoy has- 
 tened with all his forces to compel 
 them to submission. He found the 
 gates shut against him, but a siege 
 was rendered unnecessary by the di- 
 vided state of the parties within the 
 city, and those who were for holding 
 out were in the minority. An officer 
 named Murrogh, and two others, w'ere 
 executed by order of the Lord-Deputy, 
 while the Recorder, named Meade, 
 who was the most active ringleader of 
 the disaffected citizens, was acquitted. 
 
 A new charter was granted to the 
 city in 1609 by James I., and Dominick 
 Roche was appointed the first Mayor. 
 An Alderman of this name is men- 
 tioned as receiving 7s. 6d. a-day in 
 1641, being his allowance as represen- 
 tative of Cork in Parliament. In 1612 
 and 1622 a great part of the city was 
 destroyed by fire; and in 1633 a great 
 flood in the Lee swept away the North 
 and Southgate bridges and castles. 
 The city was besieged in 1642, after 
 the breaking out of the War of the 
 Rebellion, and Sir William St Leger, 
 Lord President of Munster, was then 
 within it, but he was relieved, and it 
 is said that the circumstances con- 
 nected with this event caused his 
 death. He was succeeded by the 
 noted Lord Incliiquin, who, in 1643, 
 expelled all the Irish from Cork, under 
 the pretence that they were in league 
 with Lord Muskerry, then in arms, 
 and had formed a design to admit him 
 and his forces into the city. Numbers 
 of Roman Catholic priests were exe- 
 cuted on this charge. In 1648, the 
 Marquis of Ormond, Lord-Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, arrived in Cork with a 
 view of uniting the Protestant and 
 Roman Catholic Royalists in behalf 
 of Charles I., and was received with 
 great respect by the citizens ; but he 
 failed in his object, or rather the mur- 
 der of the King made the effort un- 
 necessary. In 1649 Cork was sur- 
 prised by the Parliamentary army, 
 and in 1650 the city was the abode of 
 Cromwell for a few days. A jest of 
 
COR 
 
 COR THE GAZETTEER 
 
 the Protector is recorded in connec- 
 tion with this visit. He converted 
 the church bells into cannon, and 
 when a remonstrance was sent to him 
 for this violation, he replied, that as 
 gunpowder was invented by a priest, 
 he thought the best use of church 
 bells would be to convert them into 
 canons. This jest was hardly worthy 
 of stern Old Noll, as it is not particu- 
 larly pointed or brilliant. 
 
 The citizens of Cork, especially the 
 Roman Catholic inhabitants, were se- 
 verely oppressed and plundered dur- 
 ing the domination of Cromwell. It 
 is probable that they were at heart 
 zealous royalists ; and in a petition to 
 Charles II. after the Restoration, re- 
 questing that their property and inte- 
 rests should be secured to them, they 
 stated that they had deposited the 
 city sword, mace, and cap of main- 
 tenance, with the Lord-Lieutenant in 
 1644, and had always thereafter con- 
 tinued loyal to the King. During the 
 Protectorate, numbers of English fa- 
 milies settled in Cork, whose descend- 
 ants are still resident in the city and 
 suburbs. The fanaticism of the re- 
 publican soldiers reigned supreme in 
 the city. The celebrated William 
 Penn was at this time converted to 
 Quakerism in Cork, and many of the 
 soldiers followed his example. Ex- 
 ham, known as the Quaker Prophet , 
 made some melancholy displays of re- 
 ligious frenzy and absurdity in the 
 city. This worthy perambulated the 
 streets, his head covered with sack- 
 cloth and real ashes, preaching what 
 he called repentance, and uttering 
 the most outrageous denunciations; 
 for which zeal in behalf of the 
 spiritual welfare of the Corkonians 
 he was honoured with au imprisonment 
 of considerable duration. Penn was 
 apprehended, with several others, 
 by order of the Mayor of Cork, who 
 would have set him at liberty, if he 
 had given bail for what was called his 
 “good behaviour,” but he refused, 
 and was sent to prison. He wrote to 
 the Earl of Orrery, Lord President of 
 Munster, demanding the release of 
 2S6 
 
 himself and his companions, but the 
 Earl contented himself witn discharg- 
 ing Penn from prison, chiefly on ac- 
 count of his father, the distinguished 
 Admiral Sir William Penn. 
 
 In 1680 the Court-House fell down 
 on the day that Dr Creagh, the Roman 
 Catholic Bishop of Cork, was tried, 
 and several persons were killed and 
 injured, but the judge and the bishop 
 escaped unhurt. The Court-House 
 was rebuilt in 1682. James II. landed 
 at Cork in 1688-9. “ He frequently,” 
 
 says the local historian of the city, 
 
 “ lay in St Dominick’s Priory in 
 Cross’s Green, and on Sunday the 
 16th of March he went to the New 
 Chapel, in the North Abbey, near the 
 Franciscan Friary, and heard mass 
 there. He was supported by two 
 friars of that Order, and attended by 
 many others in tlieir habits. In 1690 
 the city, never calculated for a place 
 of defence, was besieged by King Wil- 
 liam’s forces under the command of 
 the Earl of Marlborough. The gar- 
 rison consisted of 4500 men, and the 
 place was vigorously defended for five 
 days by Colonel Roger M‘Ellicut, or 
 M‘Gillicuddy, then governor of Cork, 
 at the termination of which period, j 
 being reduced to great extremity, it 
 surrendered on Michaelmas day, and 
 the Colonel was committed a prisoner 
 to the Tower of London. The Duke 
 of Grafton, who served as a volunteer 
 (second illegitimate son of Charles II., 
 by Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleve- 
 land), was killed on the last approach 
 of the besiegers.” During the fol- 
 lowing century the annals of the city 
 are merely of local interest, and re- 
 cord nothing of importance. The 
 Rebellion of 1798 was a severe check 
 on its improvement and prosperity, 
 and was long remembered with bitter 
 religious and political feelings. 
 
 Cork, in 1841, was in length about 
 two miles, from Denroche’s Cross at 
 the southern to the Red Forge at the 
 northern extremity, while the breadth 
 from the Mardyke Gate to the Cus- 
 tom House is upwards of one mile. 
 
 A long irregular street traverses the 
 
COR OF IRELAND. COR 
 
 whole length, connected by the north 
 and south bridges. This street has 
 the different names of Bandon Street, 
 Barrack Street, the Main Street, Sban- 
 don, Clarence, and York Streets, from 
 which diverge numerous streets, nar- 
 row alleys, lanes, and passages. In for- 
 mer times the Main Streets, then one, 
 were known as the Royal Street ; in 
 Elizabeth’s reign the Queen' s Majesty t 
 Street ; and in the reign of King James 
 I. the King Street, and His Highness's 
 Street. In Old Bridewell Lane — an 
 alley a few feet broad — stood the Corn 
 Market, afterwards converted into a 
 Bridewell ; in Portney’s Lane was the 
 Assembly Room ; and the Theatre, 
 on the boards of which Barry and 
 Mossop delighted audiences during 
 the middle of the eighteenth century, 
 was in Dingle Lane. Broad Lane 
 also at one time contained a theatre ; 
 and the end of it from 1750 to 1753 was 
 the scene of very different exhibi- 
 tions, it being the common place of 
 execution. This lane is ridiculously 
 named Broad, as it is little more than 
 ten feet wide. In Cross Street stood 
 a market cross. Grafton’s Alley, 
 near the South Mall, is named from 
 the Duke of Grafton, who was shot 
 in 1690 on that spot, it is said by a 
 blacksmith on the opposite side of the 
 river. Fish-Shamble Lane, which no 
 longer contains shambles, was known, 
 during the days of the Volunteers, by 
 the magniloquent designation of Ire- 
 land's Rising Liberty Street ! Be- 
 
 tween the North Main Street and the 
 Queen’s Castle, in 1839 the Police 
 Office, stood , a Benedictine nunnery 
 dedicated to St John the Baptist. 
 The extremities of the Main Street 
 were defended by Castles. In this 
 street are the two ancient parish 
 churches. 
 
 The antiquities and sites of ancient 
 edifices are numerous in Cork, but 
 these can only be interesting to per- 
 sons intimately acquainted with the 
 localities. The reader is referred to 
 Mr Windele’s “ Historical and De- 
 scriptive Account of the City of 
 Cork” for these details, and for the 
 287 
 
 contrast between its former and pre- 
 sent state. The fine street called 
 Great George Street intersects the 
 South Main Street, and forms the 
 entrance to the centre of the city 
 from the Great Western Road. At 
 the south side, opening on the Main 
 Street, is a small Arcade, and farther 
 west is the City and County Court 
 House, a splendid edifice erected from 
 designs by Messrs Pain at the expense 
 of L. 22,000, and completed in 1835. 
 The building presents to the street 
 an octostyle portico, with two inter- 
 columniations at each return. The 
 front range of Corinthian columns, 
 which projects from the edifice twenty j 
 feet, are thirty feet high, being on a 
 platform nearly seven feet above the 
 level of the street, and accessible by a 
 flight of eleven steps. The portico 
 is_seventy-two feet in length, and sup- 
 ports a pediment surmounted by a 
 colossal group of figures representing 
 Justice between Law and Mercy. The 
 entire area of the edifice is 280 feet ; 
 in length by 190 feet in breadth, con- 
 taining two semicircular Courts, on | 
 the rere of which are the public of- 
 fices. On a pedestal in the County 
 Grand Jury Room is a wooden statue 
 of William III. It originally repre- 
 sented James II., but after the Re- 
 volution it was decapitated, and the 
 head of William supplanted his father- 
 in-law. In front of the Court House, 
 on the south side of the street, some 
 ugly buildings covered the present 
 neat square. 
 
 In Grattan Street are several an- 
 tique remains inserted in the houses, 
 and here is pointed out the house in 
 which Mr Morris was shot at by Mr 
 O’Leary, known as the Outlaw , the 
 uncle of Mr Daniel O’Connell, M.P. 
 This street was named out of com- 
 pliment to the celebrated Henry Grat- 
 tan in 1793, but in 1796 the Corpora- 
 tion took offence at his conduct con- 
 nected with some political question 
 of the day, and altered it to Duncan 
 Street , in honour of Admiral Duncan. 
 
 In 1806, however, the name of Grat- 
 tan Street was restored by Mr Cooper 
 
COR THE GAZETTEER COR 
 
 Penrose, when serving the office of 
 sheriff. 
 
 The Mansion-House, a plain sub- 
 stantial builcfing, the residence of the 
 Mayor, is in Henry Street, which 
 leads from Grattan Street to the river. 
 It was erected in 1767, and contains 
 two spacious rooms, ornamented by 
 two statues, one in white marble of 
 the celebrated Earl of Chatham, the 
 other in plaster of William III. In 
 1785 William IV. when serving in the 
 Pegasus as Prince William Henry, 
 was entertained by Mr Kingston, then 
 Mayor, and the Corporation. In this 
 street is a Wesleyan Methodist meet- 
 1 ing-house, built in 1752. Nile Street, 
 j near the Mansion-House, leading to 
 j the Mardyke, is a narrow irregular 
 passage, under which runs a stream 
 arched over in 1795, and designated 
 Nile Street in 1798, in compliment to 
 Lord Nelson’s victory. 
 
 The Mardyke in this quarter, ex- 
 tending due west of Mardyke Place, is 
 a noble promenade about a mile in 
 length, and shaded with a long straight 
 avenue of fine elms. This walk was 
 formed in 1720. Parallel with the 
 Mardyke, from Great George Street, 
 is the Western Road, a splendid en- 
 trance to the city. On the north 
 branch of this road the river is crossed 
 by the elegant Wellesley Bridge, con- 
 sisting of a central arch 50 feet span, 
 and a side arch each 45 feet, from a 
 design by Mr G. R. Pain. On the 
 other branch of the Western Road the 
 south arm of the river is crossed by 
 George IV.'s Bridge , also of three 
 arches, but of lesser span than those of 
 the Wellesley Bridge. The County 
 Jail, in this quarter, on the south side 
 of the river, is approached by a bridge 
 of one arch 50 feet span. This edifice, 
 or rather group, consists of several 
 parallel prisons. The House of Cor- 
 rection, connected with this group, 
 was built in 1818, from a design by 
 Messrs Pain. The entrance, which 
 is imposing, far es the bridge, and is 
 composed of a Doric portico support- 
 ing a pediment. Between the bridge 
 and the outer wall of the prison is an 
 288 
 
 esplanade. The County Jail is oppo- 
 site the City Jail, which is on the 
 other side of th“ river. 
 
 The Grand Parade, the broadest 
 street in Cork, was improved in 1780 
 and subsequent years. At the lower 
 extremity of the street is the eques- 
 trian statue of George II. Near the 
 statue is the Gingle Stand, a point 
 from which a wooden bridge was de- 
 signed to be thrown across the river 
 to Sullivan’s Quay in 1832. In this 
 street are the Club-Houses, known as 
 Daly's and the Tuckey Street. In the 
 upper part of the Grand Parade is the 
 entrance to the Old County Court, or 
 King's Old Castle, the front consist- 
 ing of fluted Doric columns resting 
 on a rustic basement, and supporting 
 an elegant pediment. This edifice 
 cost about L.10,000. The South Mall, 
 which branches off from the lower 
 end of the Grand Parade, the eastern 
 end opening to the river and the 
 Custom House, contains the County 
 Club House, erected from a design of 
 Messrs Pain, several Banks, and the 
 Commercial Buildings, locally called 
 the Commercials — a commodious edi- 
 fice, erected in 1811, from a design by 
 Sir Thomas Deane. It contains a 
 splendid News Room, and a Hotel 
 and Tavern. This structure belongs 
 to a body of proprietors incorporated 
 by royal charter under the name of 
 the “ Commercial Buildings Company 
 of Cork.” The Hotel, called the 
 Imperial or Clarence, is a splendid es- 
 tablishment entered from Pembroke 
 Street, near the South Mall. Barrow 
 states that this is the “ grand hotel of 
 Cork, and perhaps the Clarendon of 
 Ireland.” 
 
 In St Patrick Street, which branches 
 off from the northern part of the 
 Parade, and from either side of which 
 numbers of' streets diverge, is an- 
 other Wesleyan Methodist meeting- 
 house, and the Chamber of Commerce, 
 the latter a plain edifice, containing a 
 spacious reading-room, the lower part 
 occupied as shops, and the rere as an 
 hotel. The Chamber of Commerce 
 is said to be a prosperous association. 
 
COR OF IRELAND. COR 
 
 The other principal street in this 
 quarter is George Street, in which is 
 the Independent Chapel, erected in 
 1829, from a design of Messrs Pain. 
 Opposite is an elegant hotel. At the 
 lower extremity is the Custom House, 
 extending across the quays between 
 both channels of the river. The 
 front consists of a rustic base sur- 
 rounded by a pediment of cut stone, 
 containing the Royal Arms. The 
 former Custom House, now the Cork 
 Institution , is near the river, and was 
 built in 1724. 
 
 The central or island part of the 
 city is connected with the streets be- 
 yond by two bridges on the north 
 and four on the south branch of the 
 Lee. Some of these are handsome 
 structures. The North Gate Bridge , 
 built in 1712, consists of five arches, 
 and has projecting iron footpaths and 
 balustrades. Farther down is St Pa- 
 trick’s Bridge , of three arches, the 
 centre one 60 feet in height and 50 
 feet span, built in 1791. This bridge, 
 which is at the lower end of St Pa- 
 trick Street, is the most elegantly 
 constructed one in the city. The 
 bridges over the south branch are the 
 South Gate Bridge , erected in 1713; 
 Wandesford , or Clarke’s Bridge , of 
 one arch, built in 1776; Parliament 
 Bridge , also of one very beautiful 
 arch, built in 1806; and lower down, 
 at the east end of the South Mall, is 
 the Anglesey Bridge , consisting of two 
 arches, with a metal drawbridge be- 
 tween. 
 
 In the south portion of the city are 
 the Cathedral, the parish church of 
 St Nicholas, the Episcopal free church, 
 the Roman Catholic parish chapel, a 
 Capuchin Convent and Church, a Nun- 
 nery of the Presentation Order, the 
 House of Industry, the Lunatic Asy- 
 lum, and the South Charitable Infir- 
 mary. The Cathedral of the Diocese 
 of Cork is a plain oblong edifice of 
 no architectural pretensions, built, 
 with the exception of the steeple, 
 which is ancient and surmounted by 
 a modern spire, in 1735, on the site of 
 the old Cathedral, which was consider- 
 289 
 
 ably injured at the siege of Cork in 
 1690, and taken down in 1725. The 
 surrounding cemetery is densely peo- 
 pled with the dead, and it is not sur- 
 prising that it should have been a fa- 
 voured place of interment, when it 
 was long believed that “ no man peni- 
 tent dying, and buried there, should 
 feel the torments of hell.” Even in 
 the ninth century a holy man, named 
 JEngus Kelidius, invokes in his litany 
 the aid of the 17 bishops, and the 700 
 servants of God, with St Barr and St 
 Nesan, all of whom were sepultured 
 at Cork. In the north wall of the 
 church is a fine monument by Bacon 
 to the memory of the Right Hon. 
 James Dennis, of Tracton Abbey, for- 
 merly Chief Baron of the Irish Ex- 
 chequer. 
 
 The Diocesan Library, with offices 
 attached, is at the east side of the 
 Cathedral, and contains the books left 
 by Archdeacon Pomeroy, the founder. 
 Fronting the west end of the church 
 is the episcopal palace, a large square 
 modern edifice, with narrow and li- 
 mited pleasure-grounds. The parish 
 church of the Holy Trinity, or Christ 
 Church, is an unpretending structure 
 on the east side of South Main Street, 
 surrounded by a burying ground, in 
 which are some curious old grave- 
 stones. St Peter's Church is in a 
 narrow recess on the west side of 
 North Main Street, and is externally 
 a very homely edifice, but ornamented 
 with a neat steeple in the pointed 
 style, and elegantly decorated in the 
 interior. It was rebuilt in 1788, and 
 in a small chapel near the porch is a 
 monument to the memory of Sir 
 Matthew Deane — a kind of altar tomb 
 with two figures kneeling, the date 
 1710. St Paul’s Church is a plain 
 oblong structure built in 1723, the 
 burying-ground in front being chiefly 
 used for the interment of sea-faring 
 persons, and the tombstones contain- 
 ing some truly eccentric and original 
 inscriptions. The church of St 
 Nicholas, also a very unassuming edi- 
 fice, rebuilt in 1720, is the parish 
 church of the rectory, formed in 1752 
 2 b 
 
COR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 COR 
 
 by the union of the six old parishes 
 of St John, St Stephen, StMary Nard, 
 St Bridget, St Dominick, and St Ni- 
 cholas. St Anne Shandon, plain 
 within and without, built in 1722, is 
 in. the north quarter of Cork, on 
 Shandon Hill, its steeple resembling 
 a pepper-box, and containing a toler- 
 ably good chime of bells. The other 
 parish churches and chapels are St 
 Mary Shandon in Shandon Street, 
 built in 1693 on ground presented by 
 Lord Sydney; St Luke’s Church, or 
 chapel-of-ease, and the Episcopal free 
 church, adjacent to the South Ter- 
 race, to which is attached an asylum 
 for distressed widows of clergymen of 
 the Church of Ireland. In the fif- 
 teenth century there were eleven pa- 
 rish churches in and adjoining Cork, 
 exclusive of the Cathedral. 
 
 The city contains eight Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapels, of which three are 
 parochial, one a chapel-of-ease, and 
 four are monastic. They are all 
 modern, having been erected since 
 1780, and some of them since 1830. 
 The North Chapel, or the Chapel of 
 Our Lady, which is the Roman Catho- 
 lic cathedral, is in Chapel Street, near 
 the parish church of St Anne Shandon, 
 and occupies an elevated site. It was 
 built in 1808, on the site of the former 
 one erected in 1729, and is beautifully 
 decorated in the interior. Near the 
 altar, at the north side, is a well exe- 
 cuted monument to the memory of 
 the Right Rev. Dr Moylan, founder of 
 the chapel, which is situated in one of 
 the poorest suburbs of the city, and 
 is approached by homely and irregu- 
 lar lanes. On the north side is a 
 school-house, and on the south side is 
 the house of the Sisters of Mercy, es- 
 tablished in 1826. The residence of 
 the present Roman Catholic Bishop 
 (the Right Rev. Dr Murphy) in Cha- 
 pel Street, contains a very valuable 
 library, rich in collections of Irish 
 literature. The South parish chapel 
 in Dunbar Street was rebuilt in 1777, 
 and is a plain commodious edifice 
 with transepts, the altar containing a 
 beautiful figure of the Redeemer, in 
 290 
 
 his three days’ burial in the sepulchre, 
 executed by Hogan in white marble, 
 and in the south transept a monument 
 of great merit to the Right Rev. Dr 
 McCarthy, who died in 1810. The 
 other chapels are the one dedicated to 
 St Peter and St Paul in Carey’s Lane, 
 and St Patrick’s on the Lower Glan- 
 nure road. 
 
 Cork in former times abounded 
 with religious houses as well as 
 churches, most of even the remains of 
 which have disappeared, but the sites 
 are well known. In 1841 the city 
 contained the Augustinian Friary in 
 Brunswick Street ; the Franciscan 
 Friary, between Cross Street and 
 Grattan Street ; the Dominican Friary, 
 the new church of which, on Pope’s 
 Quay, dedicated to St Mary, is one of 
 the finest edifices in the city, the 
 front consisting of a broad and lofty 
 portico of six Ionic columns ; the 
 Convent of the Capuchins, in Blacka- 
 moor Lane, founded by the celebrated 
 Father Arthur O’Leary, and the new 
 Gothic church on Charlotte’s Quay, 
 dedicated to the Holy Trinity, begun 
 in 1832, cost L.20,000, from designs by 
 Messrs Pain, the style somewhat re- 
 sembling Salisbury Cathedral ; the 
 Presentation Monastery, in Douglas 
 Street, connected with which are two 
 large schools, one at the western ex- 
 tremity of Great George Street, the 
 house of the Brothers of the Christian 
 Schools, who superintend several 
 large schools, and two nunneries, both 
 of the Presentation Order, one in the 
 south, and the other in the north part 
 of the city. 
 
 The Dissenting meeting-houses in 
 the city in 1841 were, three for Wes- 
 leyan Methodists, three for Presby- 
 terians, one of which, in Queen Street, 
 was opened by Dr Cooke of Belfast in 
 1831, one for Anabaptists, one for In- 
 dependents, and one for Quakers. 
 The* charitable institutions are the 
 Lunatic Asylum, near the South Ter- 
 race, a large quadrangular building ; 
 the Magdalene Asylum in Peacock 
 Lane, supported by the Roman Catho- 
 lics ; the Refuge and Penitentiary, in 
 
COR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 Dean Street, near the Cathedral, a 
 similar institution, supported by mem- 
 bers of the Church of Ireland and by 
 Protestants ; St Patrick’s (Roman Ca- 
 tholic) Orphan Asylum, in Rutland 
 Street; the Protestant Orphan So- 
 ciety ; the Masonic Female Orphan 
 Society ; St Stephen’s Blue-Coat Hos- 
 pital ; the Green-Coat Hospital, in the 
 churchyard of St Anne Shandon ; the 
 Indigent Room-Keepers’ Society ; the 
 St John’s Charitable Society, several 
 Alms-houses, Friendly and Loan So- 
 cieties, and other Charities. In 1833 
 the munificent sum of L.30,000 was 
 bequeathed by Mr Lapp for the sup- 
 port of the aged Protestant poor of 
 the city. Catherine Parr, great- 
 grand-daughter of the famous old 
 Thomas Parr, died in Skiddy’s alms- 
 house in 1792, aged 103 years. Among 
 the medical and beneficial charities 
 administered indiscriminately to Pro- 
 testants and Roman Catholics, are the 
 North Infirmary, and the South Infir- 
 mary, the Fever Hospital, the Dispen- 
 sary and Humane Society, several 
 small dispensaries in the suburbs, and 
 the Lying-in Hospital. By the intro- 
 duction of the Poor-Law system, the 
 House of Industry and the Foundling 
 Hospital are suppressed, a Work- 
 house has been erected, and the city 
 and Liberties divided into twelve 
 wards or electoral districts, for carry- 
 ing the provisions of this enactment 
 into effect. 
 
 The Corporation of the city, or the 
 Municipal Government, is styled the 
 “ Mayor, Sheriffs, and Commonalty of 
 the City of Cork,” in the Irish Re- 
 form Bill. The city is divided into 
 the eight following wards : — The Lee 
 Ward, St Patrick’s Ward, Glannure 
 Ward, Corn Market Ward, St Fin- 
 Bar’s Ward, Mansion Ward, Ex- 
 change Ward, and Custom-House 
 Ward; each Ward to return two Al- 
 dermen and six Councillors. Between 
 the reigns of King John and George 
 II., the city received no fewer than 
 seventeen charters. The election of 
 the Mayor and Sheriffs was long no- 
 minally vested in the Freemen, but 
 291 
 
 COR 
 
 virtually in a certain association of 
 their number known as the Friendly 
 Chib. In 1839 the Freemen were 
 2665, of whom 73 were Roman Catho- 
 lics. The salary of the Mayor on and 
 previous to that year was fixed at the 
 sum of L.1200. The Corporation in- 
 come is stated to be between L.6000 
 and L.7000. There are several Guilds 
 or Incorporated Trades. The Re- 
 corder presides in several courts ; the 
 Court of Conscience and the Police 
 Office are held in the Old Corn Mar- 
 ket in Market Street. There are se- 
 veral local civic boards and com- 
 panies. Of the former may be men- 
 tioned the Board of Commissioners 
 for Widening the Streets, who have 
 an income of L.8800 paid annually out 
 of the Grand Jury Presentments ; and 
 the Commissioners for the Improve- 
 ment of the Harbour, whose income 
 averages about L.6000 annually, and 
 under whose management the splen- 
 did quays have been erected. Of 
 the latter the more prominent are 
 the Pipe Water Company, who pro- 
 cure their supply from the river Lee, 
 through a reservoir a mile distant 
 from the city; and the Gas Light 
 Company, whose works are situated 
 on the side of the Moncrea Marsh, 
 near the Corn Market. The Police 
 Force was established in 1834, and 
 costs the city between L.2000 and 
 L.3000. The Convict Establishment 
 at Cork consists of a Penitentiary or 
 Depot at the city, and a hulk at Cove. 
 
 The trade of Cork is very exten- 
 sive, and is rapidly increasing. The 
 chief articles of import are timber, 
 coals, woollens, silk, haberdashery, 
 groceries, wines, foreign liquors, 
 earthenware, cottons wrought and un- 
 manufactured, tar, turpentine, &c. ; 
 the exports are bacon, butter, eggs, 
 grain, live stock, provisions, and other 
 articles. The value of the exports 
 of 1835 was estimated at L.2,909,846 ; 
 imports, L.2,75l,684, being only infe- 
 rior to Belfast, and much above Dub- 
 lin. In 1835 the amount of customs 
 collected in the Cork district was 
 L. 216, 446 ; Excise duties, L.252,452; 
 
COR THE GAZETTEER COR 
 
 but both of these branches of the 
 public revenue vary; for, from the 
 5th of January 1840 to the 5th of Ja- 
 nuary 1841, the customs of Cork had 
 fallen to L.212,047. In 1837 the num- 
 ber of registered vessels belonging to 
 the port of Cork, which includes 
 Youghal and Kinsale, was 328; ton- 
 nage, 21,514; number of British and 
 Foreign vessels entered for Cork, not 
 including the creeks, inwards, 167; 
 tonnage, 30,191 ; outwards, 141 ; ton- 
 nage, 27,571 ; coastwise, inwards, 1844; 
 tonnage, 235,912 ; outwards, 1422 ; ton- 
 nage, 138,767; average of sugar im- 
 ported for six years, ending in 1836, 
 318,153 cwt. ; tea, 330,828 lbs. ; wine, 
 126,763 gallons ; average of grain ex- 
 ported for like period, 205,900 barrels ; 
 flour exported in 1837, 100,000 sacks ; 
 consumed same year, 40,000 sacks. 
 Merchant vessels unload at Passage, 
 six miles from the city, from which 
 the goods are brought up in lighters 
 to the quays. There is now constant 
 communication with Dublin and other 
 places by steam, and there are public 
 conveyances between the city and 
 Limerick, Newmarket, Tralee, and 
 Youghal. The manufactures are glass, 
 metal castings, iron work, leather, 
 paper, gloves, woollen cloths, extern 
 sive distilleries, breweries, and flour- 
 mills, coach-works, and numerous 
 more limited manufactures. In 1839 
 there were no fewer than 600 publi- 
 cans, and 52 pawnbrokers. Cork is 
 well supplied with all the necessaries 
 and luxuries of life. A cattle market 
 is held twice a-week on a rising 
 ground in the outskirts, and two an- 
 nual fairs are held on a hill in the 
 neighbourhood. In the Butter Mar- 
 ket nearly 300,000 firkins of butter 
 are produced annually. The prin- 
 cipal market is between the Grand 
 Parade and Prince’s Street; it was 
 opened in 1788, and is arranged into 
 distinct compartments for butcher 
 meat, fish, poultry, vegetables, fruit, 
 butter, eggs, &c. Salmon is abun- 
 dant during the season, and forms an 
 important article of exportation. The 
 Lee salmon is in great repute, and so 
 292 
 
 plentiful is the fish, that, according to 
 a local rhyme — “ Salmon in winter is 
 not rare ;” while “ in summer there 
 are some to spare.” The commerce 
 of the city is carried on by branches 
 of the Bank of Ireland, for the accom- 
 modation of which an elegant edifice 
 is erected in the South Mall; the 
 Provincial Bank of Ireland, and the 
 Northern Banking Company. The 
 Savings’ Bank was instituted in 1817, 
 and the Small Loan Bank in 1837. A 
 new Savings’ Bank is now erected in 
 Warren’s Place. 
 
 Cork is a literary and intellectual 
 as well as a commercial city. ' In 
 1841 three newspapers were published 
 weekly, viz., the Cork Constitution , 
 the Cork Evening Herald , and the 
 Cork Southern Reporter, besides minor 
 periodical journals. In 1839 there 
 were three theatres, and Dr Bullen, 
 in his evidence in 1833 before the Se- 
 lect Committee on Education, says of 
 the citizens of Cork— “I would un- 
 hesitatingly state, that in appreciation 
 of the beauties of dramatic literature 
 and of music, there is more exquisite 
 taste, and a better appreciation, on the 
 part of the Cork audiences, than of 
 most others that I have seen.” Musi 
 cal Societies have existed from time 
 to time. At the head of the literary 
 and scientific establishments is the 
 Royal Cork Institution, founded in 
 1803, and incorporated by charter in 
 1807; the proprietary consisting of 
 200 members. It is situated in Nel- 
 son’s Place, and is a large red brick 
 structure, formerly the Custom House, 
 transferred to the Committee by the 
 Lords of the Treasury in 1832, from 
 whom it is held, during pleasure, at 
 the rent of L.70 per annum. The 
 interior accommodation consists of a 
 lecture room, library, museum, board 
 room, gallery for casts, and other 
 apartments. The Library consists of 
 several thousand volumes, and is open 
 to the public, at the moderate sub- 
 scription of one guinea. This Insti- 
 tution received a Parliamentary grant 
 of L.2000, increased to L.2500, and a 
 botanical garden was formed in con- 
 
COR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 COR 
 
 nection with it in 1810, but in 1830 the 
 grant was withdrawn, and lectures on 
 chemistry, mineralogy, botany, &c., 
 are now only delivered occasionally. 
 The Institution also possesses an ex- 
 tensive collection of philosophical and 
 chemical apparatus, some fine astro- 
 nomical instruments, and a very inte- 
 resting museum. The other institu- 
 tions are the Cork Library, establish- 
 ed in 1792 ; the Scientific and Literary 
 Society, revived in 1834; the Cuvie- 
 rian Society; the Horticultural So- 
 ciety ; the Society of Arts ; the Cork 
 Mechanics’ Institute, and numerous 
 Protestant, Diocesan, Roman Catho- 
 lic, and other schools, some of which 
 are of a superior order. In 1834 the 
 19 parishes comprehended wholly, or 
 in part within the county of the city, 
 contain 139 schools, educating 10,424 
 children. 
 
 The Royal Cork Yacht Club is the 
 oldest institution of the kind in the 
 three kingdoms. It is the former 
 Cork Harbour Water Club, remodelled 
 in 1828 by a few members of a compa- 
 ratively private association called the 
 Little Moukstown Club. In 1828 a 
 splendid. Regatta w T as held in Cork 
 Harbour, and similar fetes, with only 
 one exception, have since been annu- 
 ally held. In 1830 the prefix royal 
 was conferred on the Club by George 
 IV., and in 1831, the French govern- 
 ment conceded the privilege of free 
 access to all the French ports. This 
 Club has been of great advantage, by 
 its annual regattas and prizes, in sti- 
 mulating to the improvement of the 
 construction and management of ves- 
 sels. 
 
 The environs of Cork are singularly 
 beautiful in all directions, and numer- 
 ous pleasant excursions can be made 
 to Cove, Blackrock, Passage, Cloyne, 
 Blarney, and other places. The Lough 
 of Cork, a considerable sheet of water, 
 and the scene of one of Mr Crofton 
 Croker’s delightful Fairy Legends, 
 is a short distance to the south-west 
 of the city. In this quarter is the 
 suburb of Glasheen, once the seat of 
 an extensive cotton manufactory, 
 293 
 
 while its bleachgreen was among the 
 first in the kingdom. South-east of 
 “ Evergreen” is the new cemetery, or 
 Pere la Chaise of Cork, established 
 by the Capuchin Friars, on the site of 
 the former Botanic Garden. This 
 cemetery is kept in the finest order, 
 is ornamented with trees and shrubs 
 of every variety and beauty, and con- 
 tains some very elegant monuments 
 and altar tombs. Among these is an 
 elegant choragic testimonial erected 
 to the memory of Mr Thomas Shee- 
 han, several years editor of the “ Chro- 
 nicle,” who died in 1836. 
 
 The city returns two members to 
 the Imperial Parliament; constitu- 
 ency in 1840-1,4384. Population in 1831, 
 107,041. Of these 12,807 were stated 
 to be members of the Church of Ire- 
 land, 71,324 were Roman Catholics, 
 326 were Presbyterians, and the re- 
 mainder were Dissenters of different 
 persuasions. 
 
 CORK (HARBOUR), the spacious 
 basin at the head of which is the city 
 of Cork, is one of the finest harbours 
 in the world. It is environed by 
 steep hills, and completely landlocked, 
 and the whole Navy of Great Britain 
 ; could ride within it in perfect safety. 
 Vessels of the largest class can anchor 
 close to the shore. The entrance, 
 which is a lon e narrow strait, is pro- 
 tected by the forts of Camden and 
 Carlisle on each side, and defended 
 within by the fortifications on Spike 
 and Hawlboline Islands, on which 
 Barracks are built for Infantry. The 
 other islands are the Rocky and Rab- 
 bit Islands. At the entrance is a 
 Light-House exhibiting a fixed bea- 
 con. Cork Harbour, or Cove, is 
 about six miles in length from Monks- 
 town on the west to Corkbeg on the 
 east, and three miles in breadth from 
 Cusquinny to Fort Carlisle. Spike 
 Island is the largest island, containing 
 180 acres, and directly fronting the 
 entrance, for the defence of which 
 the fortifications were erected. In 
 1791 Fort Westmorland Battery was 
 commenced, intended to mount 100 
 guns, and in 1806 the Barracks were 
 
COR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 COB 
 
 erected. Enormous sums have been 
 expended on these works, some of the 
 earlier plans of which were superin- 
 tended by General VaJlancey, an Eng- 
 lish officer, whose name is conspicu- 
 ously connected with Irish history and 
 antiquities, though he adopted simi 
 lar wild and visionary fancies to those 
 of the native writers. In 1801 vari- 
 ous stores, warehouses, and buildings 
 for the Naval and Ordnance Depart- 
 ments, were erected on Hawlboline 
 Island, and among the constructions 
 were a tank calculated to contain 
 5000 tons of fresh water, an Artillery 
 Barrack, and a Martello Tower, near 
 the site of the castle, erected by Lord 
 Deputy Mountjoy in 1601. Rocky 
 Island, distinguished by its small tur- 
 ret perforated with loop-holes, is a 
 barren rock, containing two extensive 
 tunnels or powder magazines exca- 
 vated in the solid rock, communicat- 
 ing with each other by apertures in 
 the sides. The shores of Cork Har- 
 bour are remarkably interesting, and 
 ornamented by mansions and villas, 
 especially from Cork to Cove. The 
 northern shore is principally formed 
 by that of the Great Island, only in- 
 terrupted by the town of Cove, which 
 is situated on it ; but the southern 
 shore is equally interesting. The 
 sea entrance is nearly two miles in 
 length from the Dog’s Nose Point to 
 the Cow and Calf Rocks, the channel 
 on each side is of considerable depth, 
 and guarded by high and precipitous 
 shores. The breadth varies from 
 upwards of half a mile to nearly a 
 mile and a half, but to the eastward, 
 between Cork Head and Poor Head, 
 the breadth is about two leagues. It 
 would occupy too much space in the 
 present work to give a minute de- 
 scription of Cork Harbour, and all 
 the objects which adorn its shores; 
 suffice it to say, that the varied sea 
 and land scenery is entitled to all the 
 encomiums bestowed on it by travel- 
 lers. See Cove. 
 
 CORKAGUINEY, a Barony of the 
 county of Kerry, containing twenty 
 parishes, washed on the south by the 
 i 294 
 
 Bay of Dingle, and on the north by 
 that of Tralee, forming an indented j 
 promontory said to be thirty miles in ! 
 length and ten miles in breadth. It 
 contains the town of Dingle, and is ! 
 wild, mountainous, and uncultivated, 
 especially the upper part. Off it are 
 numerous islands, the principal of 
 which are the Blaskets, and it has 
 some tolerable natural harbours. 
 
 CORKBEG, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Imokilly, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 
 situated on the eastern shore of Cork 
 Harbour, in the Union of Aghada. 
 The village of Corkbeg is on a 
 small peninsula connected with the 
 mainland by a narrow stripe, and ad- 
 joining are the demesne and seat of 
 Corkbeg House, the residence of a 
 branrh of the ancient family of Fitz- 
 gerald of Imokilly. In the vicinity 
 are the remains of a castle, said to 
 have been erected by the Candons, 
 Cauntons, or Condons, in 1396, and in 
 the neighbouring burying-ground is 
 their tomb. The new parish church 
 is a neat edifice. The small and clean 
 village of Whitegate is principally in- 
 habited by persons connected with 
 fishing and agriculture. Two miles 
 from it is the village of Aghada, and 
 a mile farther is the hamlet of Farsit, 
 deriving its name from Beala-far- 
 sid , or the Ford oj the Man qf Sidon , 
 which was once the designation of the 
 entire Harbour of Cork. Near Far- 
 sit is Rostellan, the splendid seat of 
 the Marquis of Tliomond, on a tongue 
 of land nearly a mile broad between 
 the creeks of Farsit and Saleen, occu- 
 pying the site of an ancient castle of 
 the Fitzgeralds, seneschals of Imo- 
 killy, and commanding a magnificent 
 view of Cork Harbour, its islands 
 and shipping. In this residence is a 
 small armoury ; and a sword, pretend- 
 ed to have been wielded by King 
 Brien Boromhe, the alleged ancestor 
 of the O’Brien Family, is shown to 
 strangers. This place was once the 
 property of the noted Murrogh 
 O’Brien, Earl of Inchiquin, otherwise 
 Murrogh a Thcotane, or of the Con - 
 
COR OF IRELAND. COR 
 
 flagrations. He illegally seized this 
 patrimony of the Fitzgeralds in 1645, 
 and obtained a legal grant of it in 
 1648, which was confirmed by Charles 
 II. “ On the terrace above the water,” 
 says Mr Windele, “is a statue of Lord 
 Hawke, the back turned on the element 
 whereon that commander achieved 
 his fame. Sir R. Colt Hoare, in his 
 Irish Tour, relates, that in the first 
 emotions of gratitude inspired by the 
 victory of Lord Hawke, the Corpora- 
 tion of Cork ordered a statue of the 
 hero, but between the vote and the 
 completion of the work the excite- 
 ment cooled, and they refused to take 
 it from the artist. In this stage of 
 the affair the Noble proprietor of 
 Rostellan became the purchaser, and 
 giving expression to his contempt for 
 the defaulting Corporation, he had 
 it so placed, the face averted from the 
 unworthy city.” 
 
 CORKER, a mountain stream in 
 the county of Donegal, which falls 
 into the inlet of M‘Swine’s Bay called 
 Bruckless Harbour. The ruins of 
 M‘Swine’s castle are on the shore of 
 this bleak and wild district. 
 
 COROFIN, a village in the parish 
 of Kilnaboy, county of Clare, on the 
 lake of Inchiquin. 
 
 CORRAN, a Barony of the county 
 of Sligo comprising seven parishes, 
 and containing the post-town of Bally- 
 mote. This is one of the best dis- 
 tricts of the county, and even the up- 
 land parts are very productive. 
 
 CORRIB (LOUGH), a lake in the 
 county of Galway, near the town of 
 Galway, which in point of extent is 
 the third of the Irish lakes, and only 
 13 feet above the surface of Galway 
 Bay. It is said to cover a surface of 
 30,000 acres, and has a coast or cir- 
 cumference of 50 miles. There are 
 numerous islands. The eastern shores 
 of Lough Corrib are uninteresting, 
 and in this direction the lake is nar- 
 row. Here are boats to the opposite 
 ferry of Knock. The lake receives 
 the Moyne, the Clare, and several 
 streams, and discharges itself into 
 Galway Bay by the Corrib river, on 
 295 
 
 which are extensive breweries, distil- 
 leries, and corn-mills. There is a 
 short canal from Galway Harbour to 
 Lough Corrib. The waters of Lough 
 Mask enter the lake by a subter- 
 ranean course upwards of two miles 
 in length. See Cong, Connemara, 
 Galway, and Oughterakd. 
 
 CORROGE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Clanwilliam, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel, 
 in the Union of Lattin. Post-town, 
 Tipperary. 
 
 CORRONTUBBER, a small village 
 in the parish of Achonry, county of 
 Sligo. 
 
 COSHBRIDE, a Barony in the 
 western part of the county of Water- 
 ford, bounded on the north and east 
 by the river Black water, and on the 
 west and south by the county of Cork. 
 It is a fertile district, and comprises 
 four parishes, including the market- 
 town of Tallow. 
 
 COSHMORE, connected with the 
 Barony of Coshbride, is one of the 
 most western Baronies of the county 
 of Waterford. It comprises three 
 parishes, and contains the episcopal 
 town of Lismore, and the post-town 
 of Cappoquin. The Blackwater and 
 several streams traverse the district, 
 and its northern part is occupied by 
 the Knockmeldown and other huge 
 mountains. 
 
 COSLEGH BAY, a bay in the pa- 
 rish of Killinan, county of Galway, 
 separated from Great Man’s Bay by 
 the promontory of Rossmuck. Its 
 area is about five square miles, and it 
 is surrounded by an extensive tract of 
 bog. 
 
 COSTELLOE, a celebrated angling 
 stream, which falls into the inlet of 
 Kilkerran in Galway Bay. 
 
 COTLANDSTOWN, a parochial 
 curacy in the Barony of South Naas, 
 county of Kildare, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin. Post-town, Kilcullen. 
 
 COUMSHENANE, a lake in the 
 county of Waterford, upwards of 
 three miles from the decayed village 
 of Kilmacthomas, lying elevated in 
 the wildest part of the Cummeragh 
 
coy 
 
 COV THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Mountains, or, as the range is often 
 termed, the Munavoulagh Mountains, 
 which stretch from this to Dungar- 
 van. The lake of Coumshenane, 
 with its precipice, is the most inter- 
 esting of the numerous lakes in this 
 mountain range. 
 
 COURTMACSHERRY BAY, a 
 bay on the coast of the county of Cork, 
 formed by the peninsula called the 
 Old Head of Kinsale on the east and 
 that of the Seven Heads on the west, 
 both of which are lofty and precipi- 
 tous cliffs. The inner bay is commo- 
 dious, and receives the Arigadeen 
 river, on which is the town of Timo- 
 league, accessible for sloops even at 
 low water. Round the bay are seve- 
 ral pure white chalk cliffs. The Earl 
 of Shannon has an elegant marine 
 villa near the town of Timoleague. 
 
 COURTOWN, a small but improv- 
 ing town in the parish of Kilmacheo- 
 loge, county of Wexford, on the 
 coast. The harbour is inclosed by 
 piers, and has a floating dock within, 
 which receives the Ownevarne and 
 Blind rivers. This town gives the 
 title of Earl, in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land, to the Noble Family of Stop- 
 ford. James Stopford, Esq., descend- 
 ed from Nicholas de Stopford, who 
 settled in Ireland in 1641, was created 
 Baron Courtown in 1758, and ad- 
 vanced to the dignity of Earl in 1762. 
 The Hon. Sir Robert Stopford, G.C.B., 
 Admiral of the Red, and in 1841 ap- 
 pointed Governor of Greenwich Hos- 
 pital, the third son of James second 
 Earl, distinguished himself in the ex- 
 pedition against Mehemet Ali, Pacha 
 of Egypt, in 1840-1, in conjunction 
 with Commodore Sir Charles Napier, 
 when the fleet under his command 
 bombarded St Jean d’Acre in Syria, 
 and caused Mehemet Ali to submit 
 to the Sultan. 
 
 COVE, now a considerable town 
 and fashionable sea-bathing resort, is 
 situated on the south side of the 
 Great Island in Cork Harbour, or 
 Cove of Cork — an island seven miles 
 in length, and in some parts four 
 miles in breadth, containing about 
 296 
 
 13,000 acres of great fertility. The 
 island is in shape an elongated oval, 
 the broader extremity lying due west, 
 and the narrower due east. The sur- 
 face is elevated, and presents a series 
 of undulated hills from one extremity 
 to the other, intersected in one part 
 by a deep valley two miles in length 
 midway from the western end, and 
 terminating on the level near Cus- 
 quinny, the original meaning of which 
 is said to be the pleasant place beside 
 the water. Cove is a neat, prosperous, 
 and agreeable place, about eleven 
 miles from Cork by Dunkettle Bridge 
 and Foaty, and eight miles by Pass- 
 age. It is approached on land by 
 Foaty, which is the most direct and 
 convenient way of access for carriages 
 and horses ; but the general and 
 readiest way, because it is shorter, is 
 by Passage. Along the shore are 
 numerous conveyances to Passage, and 
 there is daily steam communication 
 with Cork during summer. Cove 
 may also be reached by Castle-Martyr, 
 Cloyne, and the East Ferry, but the 
 road is hilly, and the ferry incon- 
 venient. 
 
 Cove is finely situated on the steep 
 side of a hill with a southern ex- 
 posure, and consists of one main 
 street, with several minor streets, 
 overhanging Cork Harbour. The 
 town is irregularly built, and the 
 streets are by no means elegant. In 
 reality it has only one street, properly 
 so called, designated the Square, at the 
 west end, at which is the Market House 
 erected by Mr Smith Barry in 1806 ; 
 but the extreme beauty of the situa- 
 tion compensates for architectural de- 
 ficiencies. The ranges of houses called 
 the Beach and the Crescent extend 
 some distance along the base of the 
 hill on the water side, and chiefly 
 consist of shops and lodgings. It is 
 easy to see that this place is suscep- 
 tible of great improvement, and a 
 series of fine terraces might be form- 
 ed. In its present state the town is 
 clean and dry, both of which advan- 
 tages it owes to the steepness of the 
 hill on which it is built and its south- 
 
COY OF IRELAND. CRA 
 
 era exposure, as the place is better 
 cleaned by a shower of rain than 
 could be done by the most efficient 
 police regulations, and within an hour 
 afterwards the streets are dry and the 
 promenades accessible. The climate 
 is remarkably mild and genial to in- 
 valids, though the air may be consi- 
 dered moist for some constitutions. 
 Beneath and around is the magnifi- 
 cent Harbour of Cork, the shores and 
 banks ornamented by fine demesnes 
 and villas. Here are a parish church 
 half-way up the hill, a Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel, which is the Roman Ca- 
 tholic cathedral of the Diocese of 
 Cloyne and Ross, having an elegant 
 spire erected in 1838, and a Methodist 
 meeting-house. Connected with the 
 Roman Catholic chapel is an exten- 
 sive school-house. There are several 
 hotels, a club room, a Literary So- 
 ciety, Library, and Reading-rooms ; 
 and the improvements at the Carrig- 
 nafoy side, for the accommodation of 
 strangers, are, when completed, to re- 
 ceive the name of New Montpelier , in 
 compliment to the salubrity of the 
 climate. The quay is a delightful 
 promenade, and commands an exten- 
 sive prospect of the harbour and sur- 
 rounding scenery; while from the 
 elevated grounds above the town a 
 most splendid prospect is obtained, 
 combining the harbour, its narrow 
 entrance guarded by Carlisle and 
 Camden Forts, Spike Island covered 
 with its Battery and Barrack, Hawl- 
 boline with its Dock-Yard and Naval 
 Stores, and the broad expanse of the 
 ocean beyond the entrance of the 
 Harbour. 
 
 A weekly market is held at Cove 
 on Saturday, and the town is amply 
 supplied with the necessaries and 
 luxuries of life, particularly fish and 
 poultry. All sorts of provisions are 
 generally cheap, and the proximity to 
 the great commercial city of Cork, in 
 addition to its local advantages, is of 
 great importance. During summer 
 the town is generally crowded, the 
 multitudes on the promenades indi- 
 cating the immense influx of visitors 
 2S7 
 
 and loungers. It is stated that in 
 twenty days of the month of August 
 1836, no fewer than 20,479 persons pro- 
 ceeded to Cove by the ferry at Pass- 
 age exclusively. “ Add to these 
 causes,” says the local historian of 
 Cork, “ adventitious circumstances — 
 the arrival of a fleet— no unfrequent 
 thing. — the occurrence of the Annual 
 Regatta, and the weekly exhibitions 
 of the Yacht Club, drawing together 
 the gay and fashionable seekers after 
 amusement, and it is not surprising 
 that Cove is so delightful and well 
 frequented a locality.” It seems that 
 the worthy citizens of Cork are proud 
 of this favourite and beautiful resort. 
 Mr Inglis states that the stranger in 
 Cork is often eagerly asked — “ Have 
 you been to Cove? Have you seen 
 the banks of our river ?” 
 
 It may be proper to add, that Cove 
 is altogether a modern place. In 
 1750 it was a mere village inhabited 
 by a few seamen and revenue officers. 
 In 1769 there was not a baker in the 
 place, and even in 1790 it was an in- 
 significant fishing hamlet. Cove is 
 indebted to the war which succeeded 
 the French Revolution for its present 
 state, “but,” says Mr Windele, “those 
 who wish to see what the place was , 
 should visit Carrignafoy on the east 
 end, and Old Cove on the north side 
 — localities peculiarly unfavourable.” 
 — “ Nothing," says Mr Inglis in 1834, 
 “i3 wanting to render Cove a most 
 flourishing town but the outlay of 
 some thousands of pounds on the 
 erection of houses for visitors. Houses 
 and lodgings are very scarce and dear. 
 Mr Smith Barry, who is a good resi- 
 dent landlord and a public-spirited 
 man, is prevented, I believe, by certain 
 circumstances from granting leases, 
 and the other great proprietor, Lord 
 Middleton, either knows nothing or 
 cares nothing about Cove or its 
 wants.” Population in 1831, 6966, 
 including the Union of Clonmeil and 
 Templerobin, which comprises the 
 whole of Great Island. 
 
 CRAIGNAMADDY, a mountain 
 said to be 1050 feet in height, which, 
 
CRE THE GAZETTEER CRE 
 
 with that called Squire’s Carn, shel- 
 ters the town of Moyville, in the 
 county of Donegal, on the western 
 shore of the inlet of Lough Foyle, 
 entered by Innishowen Head, from 
 the westerly gales. From the sum- 
 mits of both mountains is obtained a 
 fine view of Lough Foyle, the oppo- 
 site shores of Magilligan, and the 
 peninsula of Innishowen. 
 
 CRAIGS ROCKS, a range of rocks 
 east of Dunloy Hills, in the county of 
 Antrim, containing some artificial 
 caverns and Druidical remains. These 
 Rocks command a fine view of the 
 Bann and the surrounding country. 
 
 CRANFIELD POINT, a point at 
 the mouth of Carlingford Bay, three 
 miles from Kilkeel. 
 
 CRATLOE "WOOD, in the county 
 of Clare, on the road from Limerick 
 by Cratloe Cross to Newmarket-on- 
 Fergus and Ennis, is the largest rem- 
 nant of natural wood in the county. 
 It covers the elevated ground con- 
 nected with the chain of hills running 
 eastward to Lough Derg, and forming 
 the boundary of the valley of the 
 Shannon. Here is the residence of 
 Cratloe House. 
 
 CRAUGHWELL, a small village 
 on the Carnamart stream, six miles 
 from Lough Rea, on the road from 
 Aughrim to Galway. Near it is the 
 residence of Bally more, and in the 
 neighbourhood are those of Tallyho 
 Lodge, Hollypark, and Persse Lodge. 
 
 CRAWFORD’S-BURN, a village 
 four miles from Hollywood, in the 
 county of Down, not far from the 
 shore of Belfast Lough, and within 
 two miles of Bangor. The beautiful 
 demesne of Crawford's-Burn extends 
 close to the shore near the Grey 
 Rocks. This is the seat of William 
 Sharman Crawford, Esq., a gentleman 
 who, in 1837, represented Dundalk in 
 Parliament, and well known in Irish 
 politics. A mile south of the hamlet 
 of Crawford’s-Burn is Ballyleidy, the 
 seat of Lord Dufferin, and near it the 
 residence of Rathgail House. 
 
 CREAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, on Baltimore Harbour, in 
 298 
 
 the Barony of West Carbery, county 
 of Cork, and annexed Diocese of Ross, 
 sometimes called Skibbereen parish. 
 See Skibbereen. 
 
 CREAGH, a parish and vicarage, 
 on the Suck river, in the Half-Barony 
 of Moycarne, county of Roscommon, 
 and Diocese of Clonfert, comprising 
 fourteen townlands. It includes a 
 part of the town of Ballinasloe. See 
 Ballixasloe. 
 
 CREAGH. See Crtjagh. 
 
 CRECORA,a parish in the Baronies 
 of Coshma and Pobblebrien, and part- 
 ly in the county of the city of Lime- 
 rick, and Diocese of Cashel. The 
 Vicars of Limerick Cathedral are the 
 patrons. Population in 1831, 1928. 
 Post-town, Limerick. 
 
 CREEKSTOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Rata- 
 oth, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 annexed to three other parishes. 
 
 CREE SLOUGH, a village near the 
 shore of the estuary which forms the 
 head of Sheepbaven, in the county of 
 Donegal, on the route from Letter- 
 kenny to Dunfanaghy. 
 
 CREEVE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Boyle 
 and Roscommon, county of Roscom- 
 mon, and Diocese of Elphin, com- 
 prising nineteen townlands, and 1891 
 Irish acres. Population in 1831, 3159. 
 Post-town, Carrick-on-Shannon. 
 
 CREEVELEA, a township in the 
 parish of Dromlace, county of Leitrim, 
 on the Bonnet river, near its junction 
 with Lough Gill, and not far from the 
 small town of Dromahair. At the 
 beginning of the sixteenth century a 
 Franciscan monastery was founded 
 here by Lady Margaret, wife of Eu- 
 gene Lord O’Ruarke, and a daughter 
 of the O’Brien Family, in wilich she 
 was interred in 1512. The Abbey 
 and the great altar are still entire, and 
 the chaste architecture is justly ad- 
 mired. Several curious tombs are 
 here showro, on one of which is a full 
 length carved figure of the great 
 O’Ruarke or O’Rorke. Adjacent to 
 the residence built by Sir W. Villiers 
 are the ruins of O’Rorke’s Castle. 
 
CRI 
 
 CREGAN. See Timo league. 
 
 CREGGAH, a village in the Barony 
 of Gairy Castle, King’s County, at 
 which fairs are held in April and De- 
 cember. 
 
 CREGGAN, a parish and rectory, 
 partly in the Barony of Ferns, county 
 of Armagh, and in the Barony of 
 Upper Dundalk, county of Louth, 
 Archdiocese of Armagh. It contains 
 a parish church and school, other 
 schools, a number of Roman Catholic 
 chapels, and a Presbyterian meeting- 
 house. The river Creggan, which 
 abounds with fine trout, divides this 
 large and populous parish into nearly 
 two equal parts, and turns several 
 mills. Between the villages of Creg- 
 gan and Crossmaglen is the residence 
 of Urker Lodge. Population in 1831, 
 14,261. Post-town, Dundalk. 
 
 CREGGS, a village in the parish of 
 Killyan, county of Galway, at which 
 fairs are held in May, June, August, 
 and December. The residences of 
 Water dale and Cregg Castle are in 
 the neighbourhood, two miles from 
 Clare-Galway. 
 
 CREHOLP, a parochial district in 
 the Barony of Lower Talbotstown, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin. Post-town, Blessington. 
 
 CREMORGAN, or Kilconbrock, 
 a parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Cullinagh, Queen’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Leighlin. Post-town, Str ad- 
 bally. 
 
 CREMORNE, a Barony in the 
 county of Monaghan, containing six 
 parishes, the market-town of Bally- 
 bay, and the village of Ballytrain. It 
 gives the title of Baron, in the Peer- 
 age of Ireland, to a branch of the 
 Noble Family of Dawson, so created 
 in 1797. 
 
 CREVENISH, an island in Clew 
 Bay, off the coast of Mayo. It is in- 
 habited, and belongs to the Marquis 
 of Sligo. 
 
 CREWMALLY, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Lower 
 Connello, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. Post-town, Rathkeale. 
 
 CRICRIM, a parochial impropriate 
 299 
 
 CRO 
 
 curacy in the Barony of Shillelagh, 
 county of Wicklow, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin, but a small part of it in the 
 Barony of Rathvilly, county of Car- 
 low, and merged into the parish of 
 Clonmore. Population in 1831, 544. 
 Post-town, Tullow. 
 
 CRIEVE, sundry small lakes, so 
 called, at the northern base of the 
 Hill of Bunnanimma, in the Barony 
 of Cremorne, not far from the town 
 ofBallibay. See Ballibay. 
 
 CRINKLE, a village adjoining the 
 town of Birr, or Parsonstown, in the 
 King’s County. See Birr. 
 
 CRO AG H, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Connello, county and Diocese of Li- 
 merick. The village of Croagh, four 
 miles from A dare, w as anciently cor- 
 porate, and the old collegiate church 
 still remains. It has six alms-houses 
 for the reception of six poor widows, 
 founded and endowed by John Wal- 
 cotts, Esq. Fairs are held in March, 
 May, August, and November. Near 
 the village are the ruins of Amigan 
 Castle, with the residence of Smyth- 
 field, the lofty walls of the old castle 
 of Cappa, and the village of Ballyline. 
 Population of village in 1831, 1496; of 
 parish, 3394. Post-town, Rathkeale. 
 
 CROAGH-MORE, a conspicuous 
 mountain in the parish of Ballintoy, 
 county of Antrim, the name signify- 
 ing tne large stack. On its top is a 
 huge cairn, and graves are pointed 
 out, concerning which the peasantry 
 preserve many fabulous traditions. 
 
 CRO AGH-PATRICK, or the Reek, 
 a mountain on the south side of Clew 
 Bay, in the county of Mayo, 2370 feet 
 or 2530 feet in height, which obtained 
 its present name because St Patrick 
 fasted on it during the Lent season I 
 An inclosure on the summit, much 
 visited by pilgrims, is known as St 
 Patrick’s Chapel. The Irish Apostle 
 is also alleged to have driven all the 
 venomous reptiles out of Ireland into 
 the sea from this mountain, which is 
 of course peculiarly interesting to 
 those who believe those legends. If 
 St Patrick was ever on the mountain 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
CRO THE GAZETTEER CRO 
 
 at all, it was probably from other 
 causes than a Lent fasting, and he 
 would obtain from it one of the most 
 splendid panoramic views in the king- 
 dom. The mountain rises from a 
 base of hills, dells, ravines, and boggy 
 plains, and rears its majestic conical 
 summit, like a lofty spire tower over 
 houses and streets. At certain periods 
 of the year it is the great resort of 
 pilgrims and devotees, who perform 
 ‘‘■stations'’ on its sides and summit. 
 Here are numerous cairns, and heaps 
 of stones called altars ; and the grave 
 of a mother, and two, or as some al- 
 lege four, of her children, who perish- 
 ed with cold when on a pilgrimage 
 thither, is pointed out. 
 
 It has been very appropriately ob- 
 served, that St Patrick monopolized 
 all the honours of this mountain, as 
 in ancient times it was known as 
 Croachan-Aigle, or the Eagle's Moun- 
 tain , and the descent from the sum- 
 mit, which is on the north-west side 
 looking towards the Atlantic, is de- 
 signated the Eagle's Road. When 
 seen at a great distance, Croagh Pa- 
 trick seems a vast mass, but a close 
 approach discovers a secondary range 
 from which the cone springs. The 
 author of a Tour in Connaught, pub- 
 lished in 1839, gives an interesting ac- 
 count of this remarkable mass : — “ The 
 range which you first ascend is very 
 rough, high, and toilsome to over- 
 come. The way, to be sure, is before 
 you, not to be mistaken — perhaps not 
 so beaten a mountain track in Europe ; 
 but here its very difficulty is its virtue, 
 and your fatigue is part of your merit. 
 Just as you arrive at the summit of the 
 secondary range is a fine spring well. 
 Human nature cannot withstand the 
 desire to take a drink here ; and here, 
 as cold water is not good for panting 
 temples and a palpitating stomach, 
 many a bottle, flask, and bladder, full 
 of whisky, have been broached. In- 
 deed, I do not know how the stations 
 would be gone through at all without 
 the crathur. — I believe it is called the 
 Glass Well. It was here St Patrick 
 made his first stop when he came to 
 300 
 
 achieve the disenchantment of the 
 mountain ; hence it was that one 
 of his two boys, Meeiune, was sent 
 before him to prepare his way, 
 while Fiechus, the other, remained 
 with his master. Not far from this 
 Meeiune was attacked by the serpents, 
 and crushed to pieces in the entangle- 
 ments of their tails, but he was put 
 together , and restored by St Patrick ! 
 After leaving the well we soon got to 
 the ridge of the first range, and after 
 walking along a comparatively level 
 and easy path, at length came to the 
 real Reek itself, and making a little 
 tour towards the south, we came on 
 the Kessaun Cruagh , or the Foot wap 
 of the Reek , which is a pass that ascends 
 up the steep side of the cone, and is 
 worn deep into its side, partly by the 
 winter torrents, and partly by the feet 
 of the multitudes, who for a thousand 
 years have thought they were appeas- 
 ing an angry God by making this dif- 
 ficult ascent. ‘ Here,’ says the guide, 
 ‘ is the first station of the mountain, 
 called the Station of the Kid.' — ‘And 
 why is it called the Station of the 
 Kid?’ — The answer to this question 
 is a long absurd legend about the 
 battle of St Patrick with the serpents, 
 the latter commanded by a ‘big gene- 
 ral’ of the said reptile crew, while the 
 holy mau had only in his hand a large 
 bell, at which the serpent had such a 
 mortal enmity that he smashed it writh 
 one lash of his tail, and tore off the 
 clapper, the bell falling to the ground 
 not worth a whistle. St Patrick at 
 this crisis prayed to the Virgin, who 
 instantly made the bell as sound as 
 ever, and gave it a new clapper ! The 
 sound, when the bell was rung, w r as 
 so loud, that all the serpents took 
 fright, and St Patrick sent their ‘big 
 general’ first to Lough-na-Peche; but 
 this lake being too small, the holy 
 man rang his bell again, and the ser- 
 pent was transferred to Lough Derg, 
 though some contend for Lough-na- 
 Corragh, in the bottom of which he is 
 fastened alive, and only allowed to rise 
 and sport on the surface during a 
 thunder storm. As to this wonder- 
 
CRO 
 
 OF IRELAND. CRO 
 
 ful bell, its existence is still a matter 
 of implicit belief : — ■* Why, then, me- 
 self,’ is the reply, * never saw it, but 
 I am tould it’s to the good this very 
 day. A family descended from Fie- 
 chus, meself forgets their name, but 
 they keep it for the good of the coun- 
 thry ; for when the bell, Patrick’s own 
 bell, is brought out, let the man swear 
 what he may upon Gospel or Bre- 
 viary, when he comes to lay his hand 
 on the bell he would turn black in the 
 face if he swore any thing but the 
 thruth.’ It is ascertained that the 
 bell is in the possession of a poor family 
 near Ballinrobe, who, on particular 
 station days , carry it to Croagh-Patrick 
 for each pilgrim to kiss, and each kiss 
 is paid Jor l It is also passed round 
 the bodies of diseased persons and 
 pregnant women, as an efficacious re- 
 storative.” 
 
 The summit of the Reek, or 
 Croagh-Patrick, has the appearance 
 from below of terminating in a pin- 
 nacle, but it has a flat of half an acre. 
 The place is pointed out where the 
 whisky-sellers locate who supply the 
 pilgrims between the different rounds 
 they take on their bare knees. Near 
 this is the altar , an inclosure of stones 
 built on three sides about five feet 
 high, with a sort of table, at which, it 
 is believed, St Patrick said mass. Thi-s 
 rude construction, the interstices of 
 which are filled with votive offerings, 
 such as buttons, iron nails, broken 
 earthenware, and other vulwibles, is 
 alleged to be Cyclopean, and of a date 
 far more ancient than St Patrick's 
 time. In the near vicinity is St 
 Patrick's bed, a trench described as 
 shallower than a grave, in which the 
 holy man, in imitation of Moses on 
 the Mount, prayed and fasted forty 
 days before he drove the venomous 
 serpents down the precipice called 
 Lug-na- Naush, at which he stood, 
 bell in hand, and “ every time he rang 
 it — and he was not content with ring- 
 ing it in the common way, for, strong 
 in the faith of the angels around him, 
 he flung it away from him ; but instead 
 of plunging down the Lug, it was 
 . 301 
 
 brought back to his hand by the mini- 
 stering spirits. Every time it was 
 thus lustily rung, thousands and tens 
 of thousands of toads, adders, and noi- 
 some things, went down the Lug, 
 tumbling in confounded mixture one 
 after the other.” It is farther stated, 
 that St Patrick, before he descended 
 from the mountain, gave one grand 
 ring of his bell, which was distinctly 
 heard by all the inhabitants of Ire- 
 land ! ! 
 
 At the base of the Reek is the vil- 
 lage of Morisk, close to which are the 
 uninteresting ruins of an Augustinian 
 monastery, on the sea-side. Here a 
 guide is procured by those travellers 
 who are inclined to ascend the holy 
 mountain , for such it is believed to be, 
 of the Reek, or Croagh-Patric k. 
 
 CROGHAN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Philipstown, King’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Kildare. Population in 1831, 
 876. Post-town, Philipstown. 
 
 CROGHAN, a village in the parish 
 of Killumod and Killuken, county of 
 Roscommon, half way between Elphin 
 and Boyle, consisting of small houses 
 and cabins by no means the worst of 
 their kind. “If,” says Mr Weld, “a 
 position be taken on an eminence near 
 the village, which commands an ex- 
 tensive view, on looking to the east- 
 ward, along the road leading down to 
 the Shannon, the whole country, as 
 far as the eye can reach in that direc- 
 tion, appears studded with whitened 
 cottages. These are the erection of 
 Mr Guy Lloyd, one of the most im- 
 proving landlords of the county.” 
 Fairs have long been held at Croghan 
 on the Wednesday after Trinity Sun- 
 day, and on the 28th of October. 
 
 CROGHAN, or Righ-Croghan, a 
 place in Roscommon Barony, a few 
 miles from Belanegare, alleged to 
 have been in ancient limes a royal re- 
 sidence. Here are some rudely con- 
 structed memorials of antiquity, but 
 nothing worthy of particular notice. 
 
 CROHANE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Slievehardagh, coun- 
 ty of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 
 2 c 
 
CRO 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 CRO 
 
 Population in 1831, 1393. Post-town, 
 Killenaule. 
 
 CRO H ANNE, a conical mountain 
 in the neighbourhood of the Lakes of 
 Killarney, separated from Mangerton 
 by a narrow glen. 
 
 CROMAC, a village in the parish 
 of Belfast, county of Antrim. 
 
 CROMPSTOWN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Middlethird, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, in the Union of Fethard. 
 
 CRONBANE MINES, extensive 
 and valuable copper mines near the 
 vale of the Avoca, not far from Ark- 
 low, which, with those of Bally mur- 
 tagh, have been long and successfully 
 wrought by several Companies. 
 
 CRON ROE, a village in the parish 
 of Rathuew, county of Wicklow, close 
 to the beautiful village of Ashford. 
 See Rathxew. 
 
 CROOK, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Gualtiers, county and 
 Diocese of Waterford, situated in 
 Waterford Haven, opposite Hook 
 Lighthouse. Population in 1831, 1029. 
 Post-town, East Passage. 
 
 CROOKHAVEN, a village in the 
 parish of Kilmore, county of Cork, 
 on a peninsula projecting into the 
 Atlantic. The harbour or haven has 
 an average depth of 20 fathoms, but 
 the rocky shores render it useless 
 to the district. At Rock Island a 
 Lighthouse was erected in 1841 by the 
 Commissioners for Improving and 
 Preserving the Port of Dublin. 
 
 CROOME, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Coshraa 
 and Pubblebrien, county and Diocese 
 of Limerick, situated on the Maigue 
 river. The village of Croorne is 
 about four miles from the town of 
 Adare, and near it is the old castle, 
 within the walls of which is a commo- 
 dious residence fitted up by John 
 Croker, Esq. of Balleneguard, the 
 proprietor. This castle was the re- 
 sidence of the Fitzgeralds, whose 
 war-cry of Croomeboo , signifying the 
 castle for ever, was derived from it. 
 Near are the residences of Tuoreenand 
 Cherry-Grove. Population, 6978. 
 
 302 
 
 CROSS, a village iu the parish of 
 Balnascreen, county of Londonderry. 
 
 CROSSAKEALE, a village about 
 three miles west of the old episcopal 
 city of Kells. 
 
 CROSS AKIEL, a village eight miles 
 from Athboy,in the county of Meath. 
 
 CROSSBOYNE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Clanmorris, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam. 
 Population iu 1831. 5765. Post-town, 
 Clare. 
 
 CROSSDONEY r , a village in the 
 parish of Ballinagh, county of Cavan, 
 on the Crossdouey stream, about a 
 mile from the small town of Ballinagh. 
 Fairs are held here on the 5th of 
 April, 27th of May, 26th of August, 
 and 17th of November. The neigh- 
 bourhood of this village is beautiful, 
 and among the numerous villas are 
 I.ismore Castle, Lisnamaudra, the 
 Rocks, Belleville, Castle Cosby, Bing- 
 field, Drumcarbin, and Drumhiel. 
 Bruce Hill is a conspicuous object in 
 the undulating district west of Cross- 
 doney. The road from this village 
 to Killeshandra is near the western 
 shore of Lough Oughter, and about a 
 mile distant is the Erne, here an iu- 
 signifieant stream. 
 
 CROSSERLOUGH, or Xfflrutnfer- 
 ton, a parish in the Baronies of Clon- 
 mahon and Castleraghan, county of 
 Cavan, and Diocese of Kilmore. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 7576. Post-town, 
 Virginia. 
 
 CROSSGAR, a post village five 
 miles north of Downpatrick, on the 
 cross road to Belfast by Saintfield. 
 In the vicinity are Crossgar House 
 and the demesne of Redemon. Fairs 
 are held on the second Wednesday in 
 each month. 
 
 CROSSHAVEN, a small village 
 beautifully situated on the right bank 
 of the Aw'nbuie, or Yellow River, near 
 Carrigaline Bridge, on the west side 
 of Cork Harbour. A short distance 
 is a creek securely land-locked, for- 
 merly known as Tubberavoid, now 
 Drake's Pool , in which Sir Francis 
 Drake, in 1587, having been chased at 
 sea by a superior Spanish fleet, took 
 
CRU 
 
 refuge, and lay concealed, while the 
 Spaniards sailed up Cork Harbour, 
 and returned without discovering the 
 retreat of the English Admiral. Post- 
 town, Cove. 
 
 CROSSKEYS, a place in the coun- 
 ty of Cavan, at which fairs are held on 
 the 6th of January, 17th of March, 
 29th of May, 2d of July, and 20th of 
 November. 
 
 CROSSMAGLEN, a village in the 
 parish of Creggan, county of Armagh. 
 A fair is held here on the first Friday 
 ifi each month. 
 
 CROSSMOL1NA, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Tyrawley, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala, watered by the Deal, on which the 
 small post and market town of Cross- 
 molina, the only one between Ballina 
 and Belmullet, is situated. This town 
 is of modern date, and has been fos- 
 tered by Sir William Palmer, Bart., 
 on whose estate it is situated. It con- 
 sists of a few streets of low slated 
 houses, and weekly markets are held, 
 but little business is done. The town 
 is about seveu miles from Ballina. 
 Population of parish in 1831, 11,479; 
 of town, 1481. 
 
 CROSSNA, a village in the parish 
 of Ardcarne, county of Roscommon. 
 Near it is the superb mansion of Rock- 
 ingham. 
 
 CROSSPATRICK, a parish in the 
 Barony of Shillelagh, county of Wick- 
 low, and Diocese of Ferns, annexed to 
 the rectory of Kilcommon. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1119. Post-town, Tina- 
 hely. 
 
 CROSS ROADS, a small village 
 five miles from the town of Dun- 
 fanaghy, and distant upwards of a 
 mile from the parish church and rec- 
 tory of Ballyconnell. 
 
 CROYEHY, a mountain said to be 
 1033 feet in height, and the principal 
 elevation in the great granite and 
 | dreary plain of Boylagh, in the Barony 
 of its name, county of Donegal. 
 
 CRUAGH. See Creagh. 
 
 CRUAGHMORE, a hill near Bal- 
 lintoy village, county of Antrim, re- 
 markable for a columnar basaltic ar- 
 303 
 
 CRU 
 
 rangement towards its summit. See 
 Ballintoy. 
 
 CRUANAKEELY, the largest of 
 the islets of Birterbuy Bay, on the 
 coast of Connemara, county of Gal- 
 w r ay, used as a deer park. 
 
 CRUISE TOWN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Lower Kells, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 483. Post-town, Nob- 
 ber. 
 
 CRUIT, an island on the coast of 
 Donegal, near Mullaghderg. 
 
 CRU.MLIN, a neat and well built 
 town, pleasantly situated on the stream 
 of its name in the parish of Glenary, 
 county of Antrim, and near the Cam 
 lin stream, which impelled the wheel 
 of the first flour-mill erected in the 
 district, by Mr Heyland, in 1765. This 
 wheel still drives the machinery of 
 extensive flour-mills. At the em- 
 bouchure of the Crumlin is a con- 
 venient wharf. Here are a Roman 
 Catholic chapel and a Presbyterian 
 meeting-house. Fairs are held on 
 the first Friday of each month. In 
 the vicinity are the residences of 
 Glendarragh, Ben Neagh, Thistle- 
 borough, Gobrana, and Cherry Val- 
 ley ; and on the headland forming the 
 southern boundary of Sandy Bay, the 
 beautiful seat and demesne of Lang- 
 ford Lodge, the plantations of which 
 stretch along Lough Neagh. 
 
 CRUMLIN, or Cromlin, a paro- 
 chial curacy in the Barony of New- 
 castle, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin. The village is about four 
 miles from that city, and is in a ne- 
 glected state. About three miles 
 from Dublin, between the villages of 
 Crumlin and Clondalkin, is the old 
 castle of Drimnagh, its ivyed walls 
 occupying a most picturesque situa- 
 tion, commanding view s of the city 
 and Bay of Dublin towards the east ; 
 the Phoenix Park, Castleknock, and 
 Clondalkin to wards the north ; and the 
 mountains of the county of Dublin — 
 the wild fastnesses of the ancient 
 Irish clans — towards the south. Drim- 
 nagh Castle is supposed to have been 
 built by Hugh de Bernivale, or Barn- 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
CUL THE GAZETTEER CUR 
 
 wall, shortly after 1215, and, with the 
 lands of Drimnagh, continued in the 
 possession of his descendants till the 
 reign of James I., when it was acquir- 
 ed by Sir Adam Loftus, ancestor of 
 the Marquis of Ely. The castle, 
 however, is now the property of the 
 Marquis of Lansdowne. The edifice 
 was repaired at various times. The 
 Duke of Ormond, during the troubles 
 resulting from the Rebellion of 1641, 
 was inclined to fortify it and make it 
 his residence, but General Purcell and 
 other officers persuaded him to aban- 
 don the idea. The castle is of irre- 
 gular outline, still surrounded by its 
 ancient moat, and is a very interesting 
 object. Population in 1831, 958. 
 
 CRUMP, or Ilane-a- Green, an 
 island, comprising 70 arable acres, 
 near the entrance of Ballinakill Har- 
 bour, county of Galway. 
 
 CRUSHEEN, a village in the coun- 
 ty of Clare, on the road from Gort to 
 Ennis, about eight miles from the 
 former. 
 
 CULDAFF, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Innis- 
 howen, county of Donegal, and Dio- 
 cese of Derry. The village of Cul- 
 daff is eight miles from Moville, on 
 the shore of Culdaff Bay, which lies 
 about midway between Innishowen 
 and Malm Head. The village is wa- 
 tered by a mountain stream. Along 
 the shore is a considerable tract of 
 peat bog, w ith cultivated patches in- 
 terspersed, locally called the Isles of 
 Greenagh. Near the village are the 
 parish church, and the improved de- 
 mesne of Culdaff. Fairs are held 
 here on the 10th day of February, 
 May, August, and November. Mack- 
 lin, the celebrated comedian, was a 
 native of Culdaff parish. Population 
 of parish in 1831, 5995. Post-town, 
 Carn. 
 
 CULFEIGHTRIN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Carey, county 
 of Antrim, and Diocese of Connor, on 
 the sea-coast. Population in 1831, 
 5012. Post-town, Bally castle. 
 
 CULLEN, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Duhallow, county of 
 304 
 
 Cork, and Diocese of Ardfert. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 4856. Post-town, Mill- 
 street. 
 
 CULLEN, a parish in the Barony 
 of Kinnalea, county and Diocese of 
 Cork, annexed to the parishes of Tem- 
 pletready and Templemartin. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1251 . Post-town, Cork. 
 
 CULLEN, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Emly, with a village of its name, part- 
 ly in the county of Limerick. Post- 
 town, Pallas-Green. 
 
 CULLEN’S WOOD, a village con- 
 nected with Ranelagh, in the parish 
 of St Kevin’s-Without, in the vicinity 
 of the city of Dublin. The salubrity 
 of the air has caused the erection of 
 numbers of neat villas, and it has an 
 elegant parish chapel-of-ease to St 
 Kevin’s, built from the munificent do- 
 nation of L.4000 by Mr Sandford. 
 
 CULLENWAYNE, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Clonlesk, King’s County, and Diocese 
 of Killaloe, annexed to Templeharry. 
 Post-town, Money gall. 
 
 CULLEYBACKEY, a village in the 
 parish of Ahoghill, county of Antrim, 
 four miles from Ballymena. 
 
 CULLINSTOWN, a parochial cu- 
 racy in the Barony of Skreene, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. 
 
 CULMORE, a townland in the pa- 
 rish of Templemore, and Liberties of 
 Londonderry. The inhabitants are 
 such a singularly privileged class as 
 to pay neither tithes, county, nor pa- 
 rish cess. Near the mouth of the 
 river Foyle is Culmore Fort. 
 
 CUMBER. See Comber. 
 
 CUMMERAGH MOUNTAINS, a 
 range which extend from Kilmactho- 
 mas towards Dungarvan, their wild 
 precipitous sides indented with deep 
 cavities. In the wildest part of these 
 mountains are the lake and precipice 
 of Coumshenane. At their base are 
 the seats of Cummeragh Lodge and 
 Mount Kennedy. 
 
 CURLEW HILLS, a range which 
 at the town of Boyle form the bound- 
 ary of Sligo and Roscommon. On 
 
CUR OF IRELAND. CUS 
 
 the Sligo side they rise to a consider- 
 able height, and at their base are seve- 
 ral lakes. 
 
 CUROFIN, a small town about 
 twelve miles from Gort, in the county 
 of Clare, on the road to Ennistymond. 
 This town is romantically situated in 
 the plain between the rocky hills of 
 Burrin and Inchiquin, and near the 
 lakes of Tedano and Inchiquin. It is 
 a poor place. 
 
 CURRAGH OF KILDARE, an ex- 
 tensive plain in the Barony of Ophaly, 
 county of Kildare, on which horse- 
 races were established at the recom- 
 mendation of Sir William Temple. 
 The Curragh of Kildare is considered 
 the Newmarket of Ireland. See Kil- 
 dare. 
 
 CURRAN, a village in the parish 
 of Maghera, county of Londonderry. 
 Fairs are held on the 23d of June and 
 22d of November. 
 
 CURRAN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Dartry, 
 county of Monaghan, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. It contains several villages 
 and hamlets. Population in 1831, 8165. 
 Post-town, Clones. 
 
 CURR ANE (LOUGH), a lake in the 
 county of Kerry, nine miles from Ca- 
 hirciveen, about eight miles in circum- 
 ference, the shores broken and indent- 
 ed, and the surrounding scenery wild, 
 bold, and striking. It contains seve- 
 ral islands, on one of which, known 
 as Church Island, are the ruins of a 
 chapel and the vestiges of a small 
 tower or fortalice. This lake is prin- 
 cipally supplied by the surplus waters 
 of Loughs Yogher and Girahe, a few 
 miles farther up among the moun- 
 tains, and it discharges itself by the 
 Currane river, which falls into Bal- 
 linskelligs Bay. Both the lake and 
 the river afford splendid sport to the 
 angler. The course of the stream 
 from the lake to the sea is about a 
 mile, and a wier is thrown across it' 
 at tide mark, which the trout and 
 salmon contrive to overleap. 
 
 CURRENS, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Trugha- 
 nackray, county of Kerry, and Diocese 
 305 
 
 of Ardfert, with a small village of its 
 name, at which fairs are held in May, 
 August, and October. Population in 
 1831, 1565. Post-town, Milltown. 
 
 CURRICUPPANE, or Currtkip- 
 pane, a parish and rectory in the coun- 
 ty of the city and Diocese of Cork, 
 bounded on the south by the Lee, and 
 on the west by the Awnbeg. It is a 
 beautiful and fertile district, about 
 two miles from the city. This parish 
 forms part of the corps of the Pre- 
 centorship of Cork Cathedral. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1042. 
 
 CURRIN. See Curran. 
 
 CURRY, a village in the parish of 
 Achonry, county of Sligo. 
 
 CURRYGLASS, a considerable vil- 
 lage in the parish of Mogeela, county 
 of Cork, two miles from Tallow, near 
 which is the residence of Curryglass. 
 
 CURRY QUIN, a small village in 
 the parish of Kilmore, county of Tip- 
 perary. 
 
 CUSHENDALL, a village in the 
 parish of Laide, county of Antrim, 
 most romantically situated near a 
 small bay, into which falls the river 
 Dali. It is on the road from Belfast 
 and Carrickfergus by Glenarm to Bal- 
 lycastle and the Giant’s Causeway, 
 about eleveu miles from Glenarm, 
 and three miles from Cushendun. 
 The neighbourhood abounds with fine 
 and varied scenery, and contains seve- 
 ral interesting ruins. In the vicinity 
 are the residences of Mount Edward 
 and Glenville, and three miles from it 
 is the mountain Trostan, upwards of 
 1800 feet in height, round the eastern 
 base of which is a road to Ballymena. 
 Cushendall contains a comfortable 
 inn for the accommodation of tourists. 
 The village is thus described by the 
 Rev. Stewart Dobbs in 1819, which 
 still in many respects applies to its 
 presentstate : — “ Cushendalllics some- 
 what less than a quarter of a mile 
 from the sea, between rising grounds, 
 at the bottom of the glen of Bally- 
 mena. It is a neat village, containing 
 several shops, a post-office, a corn and 
 flax mill, and a market-house. The 
 river Dali passes through the village 
 

 
 
 DAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 DAL 
 
 under a neat bridge. Cushendall, or 
 the Foot of the river Dali , was changed 
 by the late Surgeon Richardson to 
 Newton-Glens, but under Mr Turnly, 
 the proprietor, it has resumed its old 
 name. There is nothing remarkable 
 for beauty in the Glen of Ballymena.” 
 Fairs arc held in this village on the 
 14th of February, 17th of March, 14th 
 of May, 29th of June, 14th of August, 
 29th of September, 14th of November, 
 and 22d of December. 
 
 CUSHENDUN, a small village three 
 miles from Cushendall, on the Dun 
 stream, at the little creek of its name, 
 where a pier is erected to facilitate 
 the fishing and export trade, and to 
 accommodate sloops. The shore from 
 Cushendall Bay to Cushendun is not 
 accessible to boats, except at the site 
 of an old church or religious house, 
 and behind a large rock at Port-Vine- 
 gar. There was long a constant pass- 
 
 age of travellers to the opposite coast 
 of Cantyre in Scotland, to which black 
 cattle and pigs were exported in ex- 
 change for Highland ponies. In this 
 quarter, on the coast, are several cu- 
 rious caves with well-turned arches of 
 considerable extent. At the head of 
 Glen-Dun rises the mountain Slieve- 
 nahorra, nearly 2000 feet above the 
 level of the sea, on which were long 
 pointed out the graves said to be 
 those of Hugh Phelim O’Neil, and of 
 i a servant of Hugh O’Neil. Accord- 
 i ing to tradition a great battle was 
 fought on this mountain, between the 
 ; M’Quillans and M’Donnells. Fairs 
 are held at Cushendun on the first 
 | Wednesday of February, April, June, 
 j August, October, and December, 
 j CUSHER, a tributary of the Bann 
 in the county of Armagh, which wa- 
 ters the town of Tanderagee and the 
 demesne of Viscount Mandeville. 
 
 D. 
 
 DALKF.Y, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy in the Barony of Uppercross, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The village of Dalkey is very beauti- 
 fully situated at the base of a rocky 
 hill, which is a signal station. It is 
 irregularly built, and consists of a cu- 
 rious intermixture of villas, bathing 
 quarters, and cabins. The surround- 
 ing hills are well inhabited. Dalkey 
 was formerly protected by several 
 castles, and the harbour was often the 
 place of landing and embarkation of 
 the Irish Viceroys and other Officers 
 of State. The Lord-Deputy, Philip 
 de Courtney, landed here in 1386 ; Sir 
 John Stanley in the following year; 
 in 1414 Sir John Talbot, Lord Furni- 
 val, afterwards the celebrated Earl of 
 Shrewsbury, landed as Viceroy ; in 
 1488 Sir Richard Edgecombe embark- 
 ed here for England ; Sir Edward Bel- 
 lingham landed here as Lord-Lieu- 
 306 
 
 tenant in 1548 ; Sir Anthony St Leger, 
 Earl of Sussex, embarked from it 
 in 1558; and Sir John Perrott landed 
 as Viceroy in 1584. The Mining Com- 
 pany of Ireland took a lease of an ex- 
 tensive tract here from the Arch- 
 bishop of Dublin, and lead is obtained. 
 Population in 1831, 1402. 
 
 DALKEY ISLAND, a small rocky 
 island on the south-eastern point of 
 Dublin Bay, separated from the main- 
 land by Dalkey Sound, about half a 
 mile in breadth. This island is near- 
 ly of an oval form, of very irregular 
 surface, about 530 yards in length, up- 
 wards of 300 yards in breadth, and 
 comprises about 30 acres. A part of 
 it is a fertile salt marsh, and is effica- 
 cious for the cure of sick cattle. A 
 spring on the south-western side was 
 formerly a resort in scorbutic and 
 other cases. In this quarter are the 
 ruins of a church dedicated to St Be- 
 
I DAL OF IRELAND. DAN 
 
 nedict, and at the south-eastern ex- 
 tremity are a battery, and a Martello 
 Tower, the latter entered by the top. 
 Several islets are contiguous to Dal- 
 key, one of which, called Lamb Island, 
 is covered with grass, but the others 
 are bare rocks. One of these is known 
 as Clare Rock, and another the Maiden 
 Rock, from a tradition that twelve 
 girls, who had gone over to it from 
 Bullock and Dalkey to gather sea- 
 weed, were overtaken by a storm and 
 were drowned. North of these islets 
 is the group called the Muglins, 132 
 yards in length, and upwards of 70 
 yards in breadth, on which the pirates 
 M’Kinley and Gidley were hanged in 
 chains in 1765, for the murder of Cap- 
 tain Glass. During the latter part 
 of the eighteenth century, the tract 
 known as the Commons of Dalkey, ex- 
 tending from the village to the east- 
 ern extremity of the Bay, the village 
 itself, the Hill of Dalkey, the Sound 
 and the Island, were the scenes of 
 great festivities, particularly in the 
 month of June, when Dublin and its 
 suburbs poured forth thousands to wit- 
 ness the fun and the drolleries of the 
 coronation of Dalkey’s Island King. 
 In the elegant collected edition of his 
 Poetical Works, published by Messrs 
 Longman in 1841, Mr Moore gives the 
 following account of this extravagant 
 display : — “ It was in the year 1794, or 
 about the beginning of the next, that 
 I remember having first tried my 
 hand at political 6atire. — A club or 
 society was instituted by some of our 
 most convivial citizens (of Dublin), 
 one of whose objects was to burlesque 
 good humouredly the forms and 
 pomps of royalty. With this view they 
 established a sort of mock kingdom, 
 of which Dalkey Island was made the 
 seat, and an eminent pawnbroker 
 named Stephen Armitage, much re- 
 nowned for his agreeable singing, was 
 the chosen and popular monarch. 
 Before public affairs became too se- 
 rious for such pastimes, it was usual 
 to celebrate yearly at Dalkey the day 
 of this sovereign's accession . — The 
 ! state ceremonies of the day were per- 
 307 
 
 formed, with all due gravity, within 
 the ruins of an ancient church on the 
 island, where his mock majesty be- 
 stowed the order of knighthood upon 
 certain favoured personages, and 
 among others, I recollect, upon Incle- 
 don the celebrated singer, who rose 
 from under the touch of the royal 
 sword with the appropriate title of 
 Sir Charles Melody. There was also 
 selected for the favours of the crown 
 on that day a lady of no ordinary poe- 
 tic talent, Mrs Battier, who had gain- 
 ed much fame by some spirited satires 
 in the manner of Churchhill, and 
 whose kind encouragement of my early 
 attempts in versification were to me a 
 source of much pride. This lady, as 
 was officially announced in the course 
 of the day, had been appointed his 
 Majesty's Poetess Laureate, under the 
 style and title of Henrietta Countess 
 of Laurel. — The day after this com- 
 memoration there appeared in the 
 usual record of Dalkey state intelli- 
 gence an amusing proclamation from 
 the Kingy offering a large reward in 
 cronebanes (Irish halfpence) to the 
 finder or finders of his Majesty’s 
 crown, which, owing to his * having 
 measured both sides of the road* in 
 his pedestrian progress from Dalkey 
 on the preceding night, had unluckily 
 fallen from the royal brow r V* 
 
 DALL, a river formed from the 
 united streams which traverse Glen 
 Ballymena and Glenanne, in the coun- 
 ty of Antrim, and which enters the 
 sea at the village of Cushendall. 
 
 DALY’S BRIDGE, a small town in 
 the Barony of Clonmoghan, county of 
 Cavan, near the extensive lake called 
 Lough Sheelin, studded with islands. 
 
 DAN (LOUGH), a lake in the coun- 
 ty of Wicklow, covering about 200 
 English acres, and receiving the sur- 
 plus waters of Lough Tay through a 
 circuitous mountain valley. On the 
 northern bank of this beautiful lake 
 is the residence of Rahans. Lough 
 Dan abounds with the fish salmo al- 
 pinusy or char. 
 
 DANESFORT, properly Dunfert, 
 or Dunsert, a parish and vicarage in 
 
DAR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 the Barony of Shillogher, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, con- 
 taining the village of Bennet’s Bridge. 
 In this parish is an extensive Merino 
 Woollen Factory, and excellent broad 
 cloth is manufactured. The old castle 
 of Dunfert is in ruins. Population in 
 1831, 1263. Post-town, Kilkenny. 
 
 DANESTOWN, a small parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Skreene, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Post-town, Slane. 
 
 DANGAN, or Dingindonovan, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Imokilly, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne. Population 
 in 1831, 1120. Post-town, Tallow. 
 
 DANGAN, a village in the parish of 
 Moycullen, county of Galway, on the 
 southern bank of Lough Comb. 
 
 DANGAN, a locality in the county 
 of Kilkenny, at which are very exten- 
 sive corn-mills. 
 
 DANGAN, formerly a castle in the 
 townland of its name, parish of Lara- 
 cor, county of Meath, the site of which 
 will always be interesting as the birth- 
 place of the Duke of Wellington, when 
 it was the seat of his father the Earl 
 of Mornington. The illustrious Duke 
 was born in Dangan Castle on the 1 st 
 of May 1769. Not a vestige of the 
 edifice now remains, and only por- 
 tions of two small pillars crown the 
 summits of two verdant hills. Dan- 
 gan is three miles north of the town 
 of Trim, on the cross road leading to 
 Summerhill. 
 
 DANGANDARGAN, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Tipperary, and Di- 
 ocese of Cashel. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 D ANGRY, a mountain about 2000 
 feet in height, one of the most ele- 
 vated of the Fews Mountains, north of 
 the town of Newtown-Hamilton, in the 
 county of Armagh. 
 
 DARAGH, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Coshlea, county and 
 Diocese of Limerick, annexed to Kil- 
 finnane. Post-tovra, Kilmallock. 
 
 D A RGLE, a deep, narrow, and wind- 
 ing glen, exhibiting the most beauti- 
 ful and picturesque scenery, on the 
 308 
 
 DEC 
 
 borders of the county of Wicklow, 
 traversed by the Dargle or Bray river, 
 which enters the sea at Bray. The 
 Dargle is in the extensive and splen- 
 did demesne of Powerscourt, the seat 
 of Lord Viscount Powerscourt. 
 
 DARINIS, a small island in the 
 river Blackwater, county of Water- 
 ford, on which are the ruins of an an- 
 cient abbey. 
 
 D ARVER, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony and county of Louth, and 
 Archdiocese of Armagh, on the Nan- 
 ny Water. Post-town, Slane. 
 
 DAURUS, a fishing village and 
 coast-guard station on a small bay of 
 its name in the county of Donegal. 
 
 DAVIDSTOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Nar- 
 ragh and Rheban East, county of Kil- 
 dare, and Archdiocese of Dublin. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1116. Post-towm, Kil- 
 cullen. 
 
 DAWSON’S-BRIDGE, a parochial 
 chapelry on the Moyola river, in the 
 Barony of Loughinsholin, county of 
 Londonderry, and Diocese of Derry. 
 Post-town, Magherafelt. 
 
 DEAL, or Deel, a stream in the 
 county of Mayo, which enters Lough 
 Conn near Deal Castle, at the small 
 town of Crossmalina. The beautiful 
 demesne of Deal Castle extends along 
 the northern shores of the lake. See 
 Conn. 
 
 DECIES, a district of the county of 
 Waterford, divided into the Baronies 
 of Decies-without-Drum and Decies- 
 within-Drum. The former is bounded 
 by the latter on the south, by the Ba- 
 ronies of Coshmore and Coshbride on 
 the west, by Upper and Middlethird 
 Baronies on the east, by Upperthird 
 and Glenaherry Baronies on the north, 
 and by the sea on the south-east. De- 
 cies-within-Drum is bounded by the 
 sea on the north and east, and by the 
 Blackw'ater on the west. These Ba- 
 ronies contain several mountainridges, 
 of which the Slievegrine, Ardmore, 
 Crookane, and Monevollagh Moun- 
 tains, are the principal elevations. The 
 district gives the title of Baron, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to a branch of the 
 
DER 
 
 Noble Family of Beresford. The 
 Most Rev. William Beresford, D.D., 
 Archbishop of Tuara, brother of 
 George first Marquis of Waterford, 
 was created Baron Decies in 1812. The 
 title had been enjoyed by his maternal 
 ancestor James Le Poer, Earl of Ty- 
 rone, and third Baron and Viscount 
 Decies. 
 
 DEE, a small river in the county 
 of Louth, which passes the town of 
 Ardee. This stream, before it ap. 
 proaches Ardee, is absurdly allowed 
 to saturate many fertile acres, merely 
 for the advantage, such as it is, of turn- 
 ing a few insignificant corn-mills. 
 
 DEEL, a tributary of the Shannon, 
 which enters that river upwards of 
 two miles below the small town of 
 Askeaton, which it passes, in the 
 county of Limerick. 
 
 DELGANY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Half Barony of Rath down, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin. The pretty rural village 
 of Delgany is beautifully situated with- 
 in a mile of the romantic vale called 
 the Glen of the Downs, 15 miles from 
 Dublin on the road to Ashford, Rath- 
 new, and Uathdrum. This village was 
 begun by Mrs La Touche, of the ad- 
 joining splendid demesne of Bellevue, 
 and the elegant Gothic parish church 
 was erected by Peter La Touche, Esq., 
 at his own expense. This church con- 
 tains a fine monument to the memory 
 of David La Touche, Esq. About a 
 mile from the village, close to the 
 road, is the residence of Killencar- 
 rick, and adjoining are the old castle 
 and hamlet of that name. Population 
 in 1831, 2268. Post-town, Bray. 
 
 DELVIN, a Barony of the county 
 of Westmeath. It is a rich agricul- 
 tural district, and contains the towns 
 of Castletown-Delvin, Clonmellon, 
 Drumcree, and several hamlets. Del- 
 vin gives the title of Baron to the Mar- 
 quis of Westmeath, the principal pro- 
 prietor. It is watered by the Delvin. 
 
 DEMIFORE, or Half Foure, a Ba- 
 rony in the west part of the county of 
 Meath. The principal town in the 
 Barony is Oldcastle. 
 
 309 
 
 DENN, a parish in the Baronies of 
 Castleraghan, Clonmahon, and Lough- 
 see, county of Cavan, and Diocese of 
 Kilmore. Population in 1831, 5915. 
 Post-town, Cavan. 
 
 DENNET, a rivulet in the county 
 of Tyrone, at the mouth of which the 
 Strabane Canal joins the Foyle. 
 
 DEREVARAGH (LOUGH), one 
 of a chain of lakes in the county of 
 Westmeath, connected with Loughs 
 Iron, Kennail, and Sheelin, by the 
 Inny. It is a beautiful lake, and near 
 the lower shore are the village and 
 ruined Franciscan Abbey of Multi- 
 farnham. The fine demesne of Do- 
 nore (Nugent, Bart.) extends along 
 the southern shore, the mansion an 
 elegant Grecian building. Here are 
 also the residence of Ballinacloon, and 
 the remains of Lackeu, the old seat 
 of the Delamere family. Wilson’s 
 Hospital, so named from the founder, 
 who bequeathed his estates, amount- 
 ing to nearly L.4000 per annum, for i he 
 education and apprenticeship of Pro- 
 testant orphans, and for the support 
 of a limited number of old men, is 
 about two miles from the lake. 
 
 DERG (LOUGH), alake formed by 
 an expansion of the Shannon between 
 the county of Tipperary on the east, 
 and those of Clare and Galway on the 
 west and north-west. It is the lowest 
 expansion of the river, between Lough 
 Ree above Athlone and the estuary of 
 the Shannon, at the head of which is 
 the city of Limerick. The shores are 
 greatly indented, and at the northern 
 extremity, on the river, is the town of 
 Portumna. The lake is navigable 
 throughout its whole length, and the 
 island of Innismore is most conspicu- 
 ous, on which are an ancient pillar, 
 tower, and the ruins of several cha- 
 pels founded by one St Comin during 
 the sixth century. Steamers of con- 
 siderable tonnage ply daily on Lough 
 Derg to Killaloe, and the tourist is 
 enabled to enjoy the romantic beau- 
 ties of this splendid lake. Turryglass 
 Bay is an arm of Lough Derg at the 
 north-east extremity, running inland 
 to within three miles of the small 
 
 DEM 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
DER 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 DER 
 
 town of Borris-o-Kane. The banks 
 are here pleasantly varied by several 
 villas, farm-houses, and groups of 
 cottages. The navigation of the lake 
 commences at Killaloe. The City of 
 Dublin Steam Navigation Company 
 have one steamer — the Lady Lans- 
 dovvne, on Lough Derg, a very fine 
 vessel of nearly 300 tons, apd impelled 
 by engines of 100 horse power. This 
 vessel can navigate the lake from Kil- 
 laloe to Portumna Bridge in all 
 weathers, and draw four large barges 
 each of 50 tons, collecting them at the 
 various stations and little harbours 
 along the lake, and delivering them 
 either at Portumna, on their way to 
 the Grand Canal, or at Killaloe, on 
 their way to Limerick, as the case 
 may be. Lough Derg is described by 
 the Commissioners for the Improve- 
 j ment of the Shannon as “ a remar k- 
 ! ably fine lake for navigation, 23 miles 
 long, having deep water, and being very 
 free from dangers or obstructions. 
 Thence to Lough Ree, a distance of 
 36 miles, the general character of the 
 river is that of a broad deep channel, 
 with occasional falls, which are pass- 
 ed by lateral canals, with locks, and a 
 few shoals caused by the obstruction 
 of ridges, consisting chiefly of gravel, 
 mixed occasionally with a little rock, 
 which have been hitherto but im- 
 perfectly opened.” So advantageous 
 is Lough Derg in every respect for 
 navigation, that the small sum of L.300 
 is all that is required for the improve- 
 ment of the lake ; the other sums from 
 Killaloe to Meelick are — Killaloe, 
 L. 27, 000; Derry Island, L.460; and 
 White’s Ford, L.550; in all, L.28,310. 
 Numerous streams enter Lough Derg 
 from the surrounding counties. There 
 are several islands, particularly the 
 one near Derry Castle, on which are 
 the ruins of a castle ; Holy Island, or 
 Innismore, covered with beautiful 
 green pasture ; Bushy Island ; and up- 
 wards of 40 islands in what may be 
 called the great reach of the lake to- 
 wards Portumna. 
 
 DERG (LOUGH), a lake noted in 
 the annals of Irish superstition, in the 
 310 
 
 1 parish of Templeeame, county of Do- 
 negal. It is about four miles north 
 | from Pettigoe, near the north shore 
 of Lough Erne, and is bounded by an 
 extensive dreary range of moorland 
 hills, which stretch on the north-east 
 to the luxuriant plain of the Finn, 
 and connected with the hills of Ty- 
 rone. The shores are for the most 
 part high and precipitous. The lake 
 is said to cover 2140 statute acres, and 
 contains the very small islands of In- 
 nisligosk. Saint’s Island, and St Pa- 
 trick’s Purgatory, or Station Island , 
 and numerous islets, which, however, 
 with few exceptions, are mere groups 
 of barren rock. 
 
 The island known as Saint’s Island, 
 on which are the remains of a Priory, 
 was in early times the resort of pil- 
 grims, and is said to have contained 
 the original St Patrick's Purgatory , for 
 centuries removed to Station Island. 
 The latter island is less than a mile 
 from the south-east shore of the lake, is 
 about one acre in extent, and contains 
 two small chapels, one of which is 
 appropriated to the use of those doing 
 penance, a residence for the officiating 
 priests, and a few inhabited cabins. 
 The road from Pettigoe to the ferry, 
 by which access is gained to the island, 
 is very bad, over bog and mountain, 
 and the reason assigned for the non- 
 construction of a good road is, that 
 the pilgrims would be interrupted by 
 the presence of too many heretics! 
 Over this road to the ferry thousands 
 of pilgrims, of all ages, wend their way 
 to the island, to atone for their sins 
 and offences, by way of penance, bare- 
 footed. The ferry is let for L.160 per 
 annum by the proprietor of the lake, 
 and at one time yielded L.260. It is 
 calculated that from 10,000 to 15,000 
 votaries annually repair to do penance 
 in this bleak and dreary scene from the 
 1st of June to the 15th of August. On 
 the latter day the affair concludes, the 
 pilgrims return to their respective lo- 
 calities, the boat is laid up, and silence 
 once more reigns supreme over the so- 
 litary and sequestered Lough Derg. 
 It seems that the Purgatory of Lough 
 
DER 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DER 
 
 Derg was founded by the canons-re- 
 gular of St Augustine in the eleventh 
 or twelfth century, and was intended 
 as an opposition shop to St Patrick’s 
 Purgatory on the mountain Croagh- 
 Patrick, or the Reek, in Mayo. This 
 religious speculation turned out so 
 profitable, that it soon became fa- 
 mous throughout Europe during the 
 Middle Ages, and the penitent was 
 supposed to pass through ordeals and 
 undergo temptations similar to those 
 ascribed to the Egyptian mysteries. 
 Several safe-conducts are preserved in 
 Rymer’s Fcedera, granted by the Kings 
 of England to foreigners who were 
 anxious to visit Lough Derg during 
 the fourteenth century. A mong these 
 are the names of Maletesta Ungarius 
 in 1358 ; in the same year Nicholas de 
 Beccario, a nobleman of Ferrara; in 
 1397 Raymond, Viscount of Pillereux 
 and Knight of Rhodes, who was ac- 
 companied in his pilgrimage by twenty 
 followers and thirty horses. 
 
 In former times this Purgatory at 
 Lough Derg was not countenanced 
 by the Roman Catholic Church, and 
 we find that the buildings on the 
 Saint’s Island were totally destroyed 
 on St Patrick’s Day, 1497, by order of 
 Pope Alexander VI. The Purgatory 
 was soon afterwards repaired, but it 
 was again demolished about 1632 by Sir 
 James Balfour and Sir William Stew- 
 art, who were appointed Commis- 
 sioners by the Irish Government for 
 that purpose. At that period the 
 establishment consisted of not less 
 than an abbot and forty stalwart 
 friars, and the numbers of pilgrims 
 who daily resorted thither were esti- 
 mated at between 400 and 500. It 
 was again opened in the reign of 
 James II., closed in 1780, subsequently 
 re-established on the present Station 
 Island, and is the resort of the lower 
 orders of Roman Catholics not only 
 from all parts of Ireland, but even of 
 many from Great Britain and Ame- 
 rica. That it is now’ in some way or 
 other sanctioned by the Roman Catho- 
 lic Hierarchy in Ireland is evident 
 from the fact, that a station was ad- 
 311 
 
 vertised here in 1830 by a Roman 
 Catholic Bishop. The pilgrims re- 
 main on the island from three to six 
 and nine days ; some are even allowed 
 to remain 15 days, but this is an espe- 
 cial favour, and the penances are said 
 to consist of prayers, maceration of 
 the body, fasting, and a vigil of twenty- 
 four hours in a horrid vault called 
 the Prison. The fees are stated to 
 be Is. 4£d. from each pilgrim, of 
 which 6£d. is paid for the ferry. 
 While the devotees are on the island, 
 the only food they are allowed is bread 
 and water ; they have little sleep, and 
 water heated in a large boiler, which 
 is believed to possess most wonderful 
 virtue, is given to those who are 
 faint. This water, which is taken as 
 hot as the pilgrim can sw r allow it, is 
 designated wine! “One of the wo- 
 men,” observes Mr Inglis, “showed 
 me her lips covered with blisters from 
 the heat of the wine she had drank, 
 and I no longer doubted of the fillip 
 it must give to one’s sensations, to 
 have some half- boiling water poured 
 into an empty stomach. I was assur- 
 ed the effect was wonderful, and I 
 well believed it.— Pope Benedict the 
 XIV., who preached a sermon recom- 
 mending this pilgrimage, would have 
 been well punished by having the 
 wine of Lough Derg served up to 
 His Holiness, in place of his own 
 Lachrymce Christi ." — “ As I descended 
 towards the shore of the lake, I could 
 see that the island was entirely cover- 
 ed with persons, and on the bank I 
 found up>vards of 200 pilgrims wait- 
 ing to be ferried over. They were 
 generally respectably dressed. Some 
 were sitting, some lying on the grass ; 
 some, more impatient, were standing 
 close to the water, waiting the arrival 
 of the ferry boat; and some, more 
 impatient still, had been warmed into 
 devotion by the distant view of the 
 holy place, and were already on their 
 knees.” It appears that Protestants 
 must have permission from the Prior 
 to land on the island during the season 
 of the pilgrimage, and as long as they 
 remain the devotions are suspended. 
 
DER THE GAZETTEER DER 
 
 The vigil in the Prison must be no 
 joke to encounter for twenty-four 
 hours. In this hole the devotees 
 neither eat, drink, nor sleep ; not even 
 the Lough Derg wine is allowed, and 
 prompt measures are in force to keep 
 them from sleeping, which, if indulged, 
 would nullify the whole effect of the 
 pilgrimage. It is also customary to 
 pray round saints* beds — little circu- 
 lar stone walls containing stones and 
 crosses in the inside. This is done 
 by performing a number of stations 
 round these on the knees, but it de- 
 pends on circumstances whether this 
 is done on the bare knees. Every 
 candidate for the honours of a Lough 
 Derg pilgrimage must bring a recom- 
 mendation from his or her parish 
 priest, without which ticket no one is 
 admitted. “The pilgrims,’* says Mr 
 Inglis, “are stowed like so many 
 brutes in the bottom of the boat, from 
 front to stern, the master shoving and 
 pushing them as he would a drove of 
 pigs.” — “ The hum of their voices,” 
 says Mr Gamble, “as they repeated 
 their prayers and counted their rosa- 
 ries, resembled the buz of bees, or the 
 sound of flies on a summer day.’’ 
 On one occasion a boat full of pil- 
 grims was upset when within a few 
 yards of the island, and nearly 60 per- 
 sons were drowned. At that period 
 it is said that the boatmen were Pro- 
 testants, over whom the Prior had no 
 control, but since the occurrence of 
 that melancholy accident they have 
 been Roman Catholics. According 
 to all accounts, the scenes at Lough 
 Derg during the pilgrimage must be 
 most extraordinary, but it appears 
 that only the initiated , or properly 
 qualified , can become acquainted with 
 the doings at St Patrick’s Purgatory. 
 
 DERG, a stream which issues from 
 Lough Derg, and enters the Strule 
 river on the high road between New- 
 town- Stewart and Strabane. 
 
 DERG, a small town romantically 
 situated on the river Derg, in the 
 county of Donegal. Here is a Pres- 
 byterian meeting-house. 
 
 DERNAHENSY, Derrynahinch, 
 312 
 
 or Demekenery, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Rarony of Knock- 
 topher, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory. Population in 1831, 
 1784. Post-town, Knocktopher. 
 
 DERRALOSSORY, or Derrylos- 
 sory, or Derhassin, a parish and per- 
 petual curacy in the Baronies of Bal- 
 linacor and Newcastle, county of 
 Wicklow, and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 It comprehends an elevated and re- 
 mote part of the Wicklow Mountains. 
 Population in 1831, 4412. Post-town, 
 Newtown-Mac-Kennedy. 
 
 DERRAMORE, a village not far 
 from the post-town of Newtown-Li- 
 mavady, which has a Presbyterian 
 meeting-house. 
 
 DERRY, a Bishop’s See in the 
 Archiepiscopal Province of Armagh, 
 comprising the greater part of the 
 county of Londonderry, a consider- 
 able portion of the county of Tyrone, 
 and some portions of Antrim and 
 Donegal. The Diocese is computed 
 to extend from east to west 60 Eng- 
 lish miles, and from north to south 
 55 miles, and is divided into 55 pa- 
 rishes, constituting 57 benefices. In 
 1834 the parochial edifices of the 
 Church of Ireland amounted to 62 ; 
 Roman Catholic chapels, 70; Presby- 
 terian meeting-houses, 84; other Dis- 
 senting meeting-houses, 28. In that 
 year the gross population was 367,041 ; 
 of whom 50,350 were members of the 
 Church of Ireland; 196,614 were Ro- 
 man Catholics; 118,339 were Presby- 
 terians ; and 1738 were Dissenters of 
 other denominations : — the whole giv- 
 ing a proportion of five Protestants to 
 six Roman Catholics. At the same 
 time the Diocese contained 574 schools, 
 educating 37,385 young persons, 74 of 
 which schools were in connection 
 with the National Board of Educa- 
 tion. 
 
 The Chapter consists of a Dean, 
 Archdeacon, and three Prebendaries. 
 The Bishopric is said to be the richest 
 See in Ireland not archiepiscopal. Ac- 
 cording to the Report of the Commis- 
 sioners of Ecclesiastical Revenue and 
 Patronage in Ireland, the average in- 
 
DER OF IRELAND. DER 
 
 come of three years, ending on the 
 1st of December 1831, was L. 12, 159. 
 By the Act of 1833 this is diminished 
 by L.4160 per annum during the epis- 
 copate of the Right Rev. and Hon. 
 Richard Ponsonby, D.D., brother-in- 
 law of Earl Grey, who was translated 
 from the See of Killaloe in 1831 ; and 
 this reduction is to be farther dimin- 
 ished to the annual income of L.6160 
 during the episcopate of his Lord- 
 ship’s successors. By the provisions 
 of that Act the Bishop of Derry is also 
 Bishop of Raphoe. The “General 
 Assembly of the Presbyterian Church 
 in Irelaud” has a Presbytery of Derry, 
 comprising in 1841 twelve congrega- 
 tions. 
 
 The eminence occupied by the city 
 and cathedral of Derry was in ancient 
 times designated Derry- Calgaich, or 
 the Oak Grove of Calgach — the word 
 Derry signifying a place of oaks . St 
 Coluinba is said to have arrived from 
 Iona, in the Scotish Hebrides, and 
 founded a church here about the end 
 of the sixth century, and the place 
 was known by his name of Derry- 
 Columbkill, noted for its abbey and 
 religious foundations till the time of 
 the Plantation of Ulster, when the 
 city, county of the city, and county, 
 received the name of Londonderry. 
 There is, however, no authentic ac- 
 count of the foundation of the Bishop- 
 ric, which seems in very remote times 
 to have been included in the long ab- 
 rogated Diocese of Ardstraw or Rath- 
 bury. Some alleged that the See was 
 afterwards removed to Maghere. The 
 distinct See was established in 1158, 
 when Flahertach O'Brolchain, Abbot 
 of Derry, was made Bishop by decree 
 of the Council of Brighmac-Taidhg, or 
 Brigthshaigh, which, from its peculiar 
 name, must have been a genuine Irish 
 one. This Bishop O’Brolchain began 
 the Cathedral, which was rebuilt by 
 the colony from London in the reign 
 of James I. The first Protestant Bi- 
 shop was George Montgomery, Dean 
 of Norwich, who succeeded in 1605, 
 and was translated to Meath in 1610. 
 The celebrated John Bramhall, Arch- 
 313 
 
 deacon of Meath, and the able sup- 
 porter of the great Earl of Strafford, 
 succeeded to the Bishopric in 1634. 
 William King, translated to Dublin in 
 1702, the author of a work on the 
 state of the Irish Protestants under 
 the Government of King James, ob- 
 tained the Bishopric in 1690 : William 
 Nicholson, the compiler of the Eng- 
 lish, Scottish, and Irish Historical 
 Libraries, was translated from Car- 
 lisle in 1718, and removed to the Arch- 
 bishopric of Cashel in 1736 ; and the 
 Hon. Frederick Hervey, afterwards 
 the celebrated Earl of Bristol, a mu- 
 nificent patron of the fine arts, was 
 translated from Cloyne to Derry in 
 1768. 
 
 DERRY. See Londonderry. 
 
 DERRY, a tributary of the Slaney, 
 which it enters in the valley near tne 
 hamlet of Kildairn, six miles from 
 Tullow. 
 
 DERRY, a village in the parish of 
 Ballinacalla, county of Galway. 
 
 DERRY, an island of the Shannon, 
 county of Tipperary, at the south-east 
 end of Lough Derg. 
 
 DERRYAGHY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Upper Belfast 
 and Upper Massareene, county of An- 
 trim, and Diocese of Connor. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 5325. Post-town, Lis- 
 burn. 
 
 DERRYBRUSK, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Magherastaphna and Tyrkennedy, 
 county of Fermanagh, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. This parish extends along 
 Lough Derryvellen, which communi- 
 cates with Lough Erne, or rather is 
 an upper expansion of that lake. 
 The fine residence of Derrybrusk is 
 surrounded by beautiful plantations. 
 It is said that the former parish 
 church was the first erected in the 
 county for the performance of Di- 
 vine Service after the Reformation. 
 Population in 1831, 1329. Post-town, 
 Enniskillen. 
 
 DERRYBRYAN, a small village in 
 the Barony of Leitrim, near the post- 
 town of Gort, county of Galw ay. 
 
 DERRY CLARE (LOUGH), a lake 
 2d 
 
DER THE GAZETTEER DER 
 
 in the county of Galway, in the dis- 
 trict of Connemara, one of the chain 
 of lakes, consisting of Ballynahinch, 
 Ina, and others, which bound the 
 mountain group Binabola, or the 
 Twelve Pins, on the east and west. 
 The mountain Derryclare rises over it, 
 and on the north the mountain Knock- 
 onghiggin. This lake is connected 
 with that of Ballynahinch by a stream 
 which impetuously rushes through a 
 narrow channel, and the difference of 
 level between the lakes is consider- 
 able. The scenery is here beautiful 
 and varied. — “ To the right,’* says the 
 author of Letters from the Irish 
 Highlands, “is a valley so green, as 
 almost to appear cultivated, and en- 
 livened by cabins and potatoe-gar- 
 dens ; to the left rises a magnificent 
 chain of mountains, abrupt and stony, 
 their lofty summits veiled in trans- 
 parent clouds, and the white torrents 
 rushing down their precipitous sides; 
 the lake itself ornamented by many 
 little islets covered with underwood, 
 though so rocky that it appeared sur- 
 prising the trees could flourish in 
 such a soil. We landed for a few 
 minutes at the village of Derryclare, 
 where a marble quarry had been late- 
 ly opened. The stone is used for 
 building; the colours are gray and 
 pink, intermixed with a variety of 
 shades, which are very beautiful in 
 their rough state, but not sufficiently 
 bright to look well when polished. 
 It contains a good deal ofhorn-blende, 
 and I picked up some very pretty 
 crystallized specimens. — The views 
 on the lake of Derryclare increase in 
 beauty as we advance among the 
 i mountains.” 
 
 D E RR YCIJNE HY, a most romantic 
 ; waterfall upwards of eight miles from 
 the Middle Lake of Killarney, in the 
 county of Kerry. The road to it 
 from the village and comfortable inn 
 of Cloghereen winds round the base 
 of Turk Mountain, and displays the 
 most attractive highland, rock, *forest, 
 and water scenery. At Derrycunehy, 
 adjoining the high road, is a Police 
 Barrack, erected under the direction 
 314 
 
 of the Earl of Kenmare. It is a 
 square central building, flanked at the 
 two opposite angles with octagonal 
 towers, In the vicinity of this is a 
 very beautiful creek stretching to the 
 north-east, at the base of the Derry- 
 cunehy Mountain, and designated 
 Newfoundland by the Killarney boat- 
 men. The entrance is between two 
 elevated crags, and is very narrow, 
 but inside the water expands, and 
 forms a smooth and capacious basin. 
 The scenery altogether in this loca- 
 lity, and on the banks of the stream, 
 is uncommonly beautiful. 
 
 DERRYGALVIN, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the county of the city 
 and Diocese of Limerick. Population 
 in 1831, 722. Post-town, Limerick. 
 
 DERRYGONNELLY, a village in 
 the united parishes of Deveoish and 
 Innismacsaint, county of Fermanagh, 
 about eight miles from Enniskillen, 
 on the cross mountain road leading to 
 Garrison. Fairs are held here on the 
 24th of each month. 
 
 DERRYGRATH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of West 
 Iffa and Offa, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Lismore. Population 
 in 1831, 1299. Post-town, Cahir. 
 
 DERRYHOLMS, a locality on the 
 Shannon, four miles from Shannon 
 Bridge, included in the third division 
 for the improvement of the river. 
 The sum of L.2200 was allotted by the 
 Commissioners for the works at this 
 place. 
 
 DERRYINVER, a village in the 
 parish of Ballinakill, county of Gal- 
 way, on the Bay of Ballinakill, and on 
 the road to Renvyle. A small har- 
 bour and pier were here constructed 
 by the Fishery Board. Post-town, 
 Oughterard. 
 
 DERRYKEIGHAN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Duuluce, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, situated on the Bush river. 
 The inhabitants are chiefly occupied 
 in the linen manufacture. The ham- 
 let of Derrykeighan is about four 
 miles from Bushmills. Population 
 in 1831, 5134. Post-town, Dervock. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 DES 
 
 DERRYLIN, a village in the coun- 
 ty of Fermanagh, at which fairs are 
 held on the 8th of February, 26th of 
 May, 26th of June, 3d of August, 15th 
 of September, and 14th of Novem- 
 ber. 
 
 DERRYLORAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Loughinsho- 
 lin and Dungannon, county of Tyrone, 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh, includ- 
 ing the village of Cookstown and se- 
 veral others. The inhabitants are 
 engaged in the linen manufacture. 
 Population in 1831, 8406. Post-town, 
 Cookstown. 
 
 DERRYLOSSORY. See Derra- 
 
 LOSSORY. 
 
 DERRYNAHINCH. See Derna- 
 
 HEN8Y. 
 
 DERRYNEFLIN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Slieve- 
 hardagh, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel, connected with the 
 Precentorship of the Cathedral of Ca- 
 shel, and annexed to the rectory and 
 vicarage of Graystown. Post-town, 
 Kittenaule. 
 
 DERRYNOOSE, or Madden, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Baronies, of 
 Armagh and Turaney, county and 
 Archdiocese of Armagh. There are 
 several villages in which the manu- 
 facture of linen is extensively carried 
 on. Lead is wrought in this parish 
 by the Mining Company. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 8024. Post-town, Ty- 
 nan. 
 
 DERRYPATRICK, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Lower 
 Deece, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 on the Puncheon. Population in 
 1831, 435. 
 
 DERRYVARRAGH (LOUGH). 
 See Derevaragh. 
 
 DERRYVILLANE, or Darryvil- 
 lane, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne. It is situated 
 on the Funcheon river, and belongs 
 to the Union of Glanworth. Post-town, 
 Mitchelstown. 
 
 DERRYVOLLEN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Lurg and Tyrkennedy, county of Fcr- 
 315 
 
 managh, and Diocese of Clogher. It 
 contains several manufacturing and 
 rural villages. Population in 1831, 
 10,646. Post-town, Enniskillen. 
 
 DERVER, or Dervor, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony and county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 annexed to Dromiskin. Post-town, 
 Castle-Bellingham. 
 
 DERVOCK, a post-town in the pa- 
 rish of Derrykeighan, county of An- 
 trim, on the Bush river, four miles 
 from Ballymoney, on the road to the 
 Giant’s Causeway. It is an improv- 
 ing little town, and contains a Presby- 
 terian meeting-house. Fairs are held 
 on the 12th of January, 23d of Febru- 
 ary, 16th of May, 22d of June, 12th of 
 August, and 27th of October. Near 
 it are the residences of Lisconnan and 
 Benvarden. 
 
 DESART. See Dysart and Dy- 
 sert. 
 
 DESART, a parish and vicarage in 
 the county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Ross, situated on Cloghnakilty Bay. 
 The rectorial tithes of this parish 
 belong to the Dean and Chapter of 
 Ross, and the vicarage is one of five 
 which constitute the corps of the 
 prebend of Island. Population in 
 1831, 463. Post-town, Cloghnakilty. 
 
 DESART, or Disert, a parish and 
 vicarage chiefly in the Barony of Ki- 
 nalmeaky, county and Diocese of Cor k, 
 on the Bandon river. Population in 
 1831, 1779. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 DESART, orDiSART,a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Barretts and Muskerry East, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, an- 
 nexed to the rectory and vicarage of 
 Gortroe, and both constituting the 
 corps of the Archdeaconry of Cloyne. 
 Population in 1831, 1019. Post-town, 
 Rathcormack. 
 
 DESART, a townland in the parish 
 of Castleinch, county of Kilkenny, 
 which gives the title of Earl, in the 
 Peera re of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Cuffe, the ancestor of whom, 
 originally from England, settled in 
 Ireland in the reign of Queen Eliza- 
 beth. John Cuffe, Esq. was created 
 
DES 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 DEV 
 
 Baron Desart in 1733; Otway, third 
 Lord, was advanced to the dignity of 
 Viscount in 1781, and Earl in 1793. 
 Desart is a fine seat, in a beautiful 
 demesne, on the road from Kilkenny 
 to Callan. 
 
 DESART, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Upperthird, county of 
 Waterford, and Diocese of Lismore 
 on the Suir. Here are two spinning 
 factories. Population in 1831, 1408. 
 Post-town, Clonmel. 
 
 DESART-CRE AGHT,aparish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Dungannon, 
 county of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, containing tho villages of 
 Tullagliog and Grange, and several 
 hamlets, the inhabitants of which are 
 chiefly engaged in the linen manufac- 
 ture. Population in 1831, 7516. Post- 
 town, Cookstown. 
 
 DESARTMARTIN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Loughinsholin, county of London- 
 derry, and Diocese of Derry. The 
 village of De.*artmartin is within four 
 miles of the small town of Tubber- 
 more. Fairs are held here on the 4th 
 of February, 8th of May, 7th of June, 
 28tli of July, 1st of October, 8th of 
 November, and 27th of December. 
 Population of parish in 1831, 4934 ; of 
 village, 257. 
 
 DESERTEGNY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Innis- 
 howen, county of Donegal, and Diocese 
 of Derry, on the estuary of Lough 
 Swilly. Population in 1831, 1890. 
 Post-town, Buncrana. 
 
 DESERTLIN, aparish andrectory 
 in the Barony of Loughinsholin, coun- 
 | ty of Londonderry, and Archdiocese 
 , of Armagh. Population in 1831, 3318. 
 
 S Post-town, .Moneymore. 
 
 DESERTMORE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Muskerry East, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, on the 
 ! Bride river. Population in 1831, 1147. 
 
 I Post-town, Cork. 
 
 DESERTOGHILL, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Half Barony 
 1 of Coleraine, county of Londonderry, 
 and Diocese of Derry, on the Agivey 
 river. The parish church occupies 
 316 
 
 the site of an abbey alleged to have 
 been founded by St Columb. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 4701. Post-town, Kil- 
 rea. 
 
 DESERTSERGES, or Desart- 
 segers, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of East Carbery, county and 
 Diocese of Cork, on the Bandon river. 
 Population in 1831, 6629. Post-town, 
 Bandon. 
 
 DESMOND, the ancient name of a 
 district now comprised within the 
 counties of Cork and Kerry, of which 
 the Macarthy chiefs were the heredi- 
 tary kings. It gave the title of Earl 
 to a branch of the great Family of 
 Fitzgerald, who were attainted for 
 rebellion in the reign of Elizabeth. 
 Sir Richard Preston was created Earl 
 of Desmond by James I. The Hon. 
 George Fielding, second son of Sir 
 William Fielding, first Earl of Den- 
 bigh in the Peerage of England, w as 
 created Baron Fielding of Lecaghe, 
 Viscount Callan, and Earl of Des- 
 mond, in the Peerage of Ireland, in 
 1622, and to enjoy the honour of Earl 
 of Desmond at the death of Sir Richard 
 Preston, Earl of Desmond, which took 
 place in 1628. This nobleman left 
 issue five sons, of whom William, se- 
 cond Earl of Desmond, succeeded his 
 uncle as third Earl of Denbigh. He 
 died in 1685, and was succeeded by his 
 son Basil, and the British and Irish 
 Peerages have since that date been 
 conjoined. The Hon. and Rev. John 
 Fielding, Canon of Salisbury, a young- 
 er brother of William, second Earl of 
 Desmond and third Earl of Denbigh, 
 was the grandfather of the celebrated 
 Henry Fielding, author of Tom Joses, 
 and other well known works. 
 
 DEVENISH, aparish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Maghera- 
 boy, county of Fermanagh, and Dio- 
 cese of Clogher. It forms part of the 
 shores of the magnificent lake called 
 Lough Erne, and is beautifully diver- 
 sified. The island of Devenish, or 
 the Holy Island, in Lough Erne, com- 
 prises probably 80 Irish acres, and 
 though not remarkably picturesque, 
 the soil is very fertile. When viewed 
 
DEV OF IRELAND. DIN 
 
 at some points from the water it is of 
 an oval form, but the island is com- 
 pletely bare of trees. It contains one 
 of the most perfect and best finished 
 >f the ancient pillar towers of Ireland, 
 if not the most complete edifice of the 
 kind. The masonry is of the first-rate 
 workmanship, even to the cope-stone ; 
 the stones are accurately cut in the 
 external and internal end of the curve, 
 according to which the tower is con- 
 structed ; and the top is crowned by 
 a single stone fashioned to a cone. 
 The materials are cemented with mor- 
 tar, but the quantity laid on is so 
 thin, that it can only be perceived by 
 a close inspection. The whole struc- 
 ture is built of the light brown sand- 
 stone which abounds in the neigh- 
 bourhood, and hardens with the wea- 
 i ther ; but it is to be feared that the 
 I tower, which is of unknown antiquity, 
 is decaying from want of care for its 
 preservation. The height is said to 
 be 90 feet, the circumference at the 
 base 48 feet, the height of the thresh- 
 old from the door nine feet from the 
 ground, and the door-way itself five 
 feet three inches. There are several 
 ■ windows or openings, of which four 
 are under the cornice, their places 
 marked by as many carved heads, 
 which look to the four cardinal points. 
 Several elder seeds, carried to the 
 summit by the wind, have taken root, 
 and the effect has been to dislodge 
 the stones. 
 
 A Priory was founded or rebuilt 
 on this island in 1449, as appears from 
 an inscription on a stone built into 
 the wall of the square tower. It 
 stands near the round tower, and ac- 
 cording to the inscription, one Ma- 
 thew O’Dubagan began the Priory, 
 and Bartholomew O’Flanagan was the 
 superior. The ruins have been great- 
 ly dilapidated by the people of the 
 neighbourhood. Another church, or 
 abbey, also in ruins, is said to have 
 been founded by St Molaise in the 
 seventh century, though it is evident- 
 ly of no farther era than the twelfth 
 century, and here are pointed out the 
 holy man’s coffin, held in great vene- 
 317 
 
 ration on account of its imaginary vir- 
 tues, also his cell, which had a curious 
 roof, and his kitchen , now the ruin of 
 a ruin. The cemetery on the island 
 is considered peculiarly sacred by the 
 inhabitants of the surrounding shores 
 of Lough Erne. The island is three 
 miles from Enniskillen. Population 
 of parish in 1831, 8219. Post-town, 
 Enniskillen. 
 
 DEVIL’S BIT HILLS, a range of 
 mountains in the county of Tipperary, 
 according to the Ordnance Survey 
 2084 feet in height. These hills rise 
 within a few miles of the small town 
 of Templemore. 
 
 DEVIL’S GLEN, a wild narrow ra- 
 vine, traversed by the Vartry stream, 
 near the hamlet of Ashford, about 
 twenty-two miles from Dublin. Here 
 is a Hue waterfall. The village of 
 Ashford contains a good inn, and a 
 mile to the left is Newrath-Bridge 
 Inn, also on the Vartry. 
 
 DEVIL’S PUNCH-BOWL, a lake 
 near the summit of Mangerton Moun- 
 tain, in the vicinity of the Lakes of 
 Killarney. It is elevated probably 
 2700 feet above the level of the sea, 
 and is upwards of 156 feet deep in the 
 centre. The lake measures about 
 half a mile in length, and somewhat 
 less in breadth. It is said that the 
 celebrated statesman, Charles James 
 Fox, once swam round this cold lake 
 for a wager. The Devil’s Punch- 
 Bowl is alleged by some geologists to 
 be the crater of an extinct volcano. 
 The northern sides of the Mangerton 
 Mountain are covered by other crater- 
 like pools, the more prominent of 
 which is the one known as the Glen 
 of the Horse. The traditions pre- 
 served among the peasantry are nu - 
 merous, connected with these Kerry 
 lakes and mountains. 
 
 DEVIS MOUNTAIN, or Divis. 
 See Belfast. 
 
 DIAMORE, or Dymor, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Demi- 
 fore, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 990. Post-town, 
 Oldcastle. 
 
 DINANE, a tributary of the Nore, 
 
din the gazetteer din 
 
 in the county of Kilkenny, which 
 passes through the town of Castle- 
 comer. It is here augmented by the 
 Dean and Doonane streams, and two 
 miles below the town receives the 
 Dowglass. 
 
 DINGLE, a parish and impropriate 
 curacy in the Barony of Corkaguiney, 
 county of Kerry, and Diocese of Ard- 
 fert and Aghadoe. The town of 
 Dingle is situated on the spacious 
 Dingle Bay, and is about lVO miles 
 from Dublin by Tralee, Kilgobbin, 
 and Annascall, and 134 miles by Tra- 
 lee, Kilgobbin, and Connor Hill. It 
 stands on an inlet near the termina- 
 tion of the long and bold peninsula 
 which runs westward from Tralee to 
 the Atlantic, terminated by Dunmore 
 Head — a promontory peculiarly wild 
 and bleak. The town is built on 
 the slopes of several lofty mountains 
 which rise abruptly from the shore, 
 and form a capacious and well-shel- 
 tered harbour, called, in the phraseo- 
 logy of sailors, a blind harbour — a 
 name bestowed on such inlets as are 
 not easily observed from the sea. The 
 town is of great antiquity, and many 
 of the inhabitants are said to be de- 
 scended from a colony of Spaniards, 
 who settled here. Several traces of 
 their Spanish origin are noticed by 
 travellers. In 1585 Queen Elizabeth 
 granted a charter of incorporation to 
 the town similar to that of Drogheda, 
 and some peculiar advantages were 
 withheld from the neighbouring har- 
 bours of Ventry and Smerwick. All 
 these privileges were confirmed by 
 James I., and Dingle returned two 
 members to the Irish Parliament. It 
 is governed by a sovereign, and the i 
 style of the Corporation is— “ The 
 Sovereign, Burgesses, and Common- 
 alty of the Town of Dingle-i-couch.” 
 Here is a military Barrack. The 
 principal business consists of exports 
 of grain and butter, the retail trade 
 of the district, which is considerable, 
 and the fishery — much of the finer fish 
 procuring a ready market at Tralee. 
 The parish church is said to have been 
 built by the Spaniards, and here are 
 318 
 
 several schools. “ The town of Din- 
 gle,” says Mr Inglis, * f is rather a 
 good-looking place. The number of 
 respectable houses is much greater 
 than one would expect to find in such 
 a small and remote place, and good 
 gardens are generally attached to 
 them, so that, viewed from a distance, 
 the town appears to be well screened 
 with wood. But Dingle is not a 
 flourishing town. A linen trade was 
 once carried on here, and no trade is 
 so beneficial as this in giving employ- 
 ment to different descriptions of per- 
 sons ; but this trade ‘has entirely fall- 
 en off, and has not been replaced by any 
 other. The neighbouring country, 
 as well as Cahirciveen and the oppo- 
 site side of the Bay, is supplied from 
 Dingle ; and one or two dealers lay in 
 their stocks themselves direct from 
 England.” 
 
 The author of the Sportsman in 
 Ireland describes the appearance of 
 Dingle in 1839 : — “ The town is supe- 
 rior to those in other parts of Ireland 
 of much greater pretensions ; it af- 
 fords excellent lodgings, and is sur- 
 rounded by seats of resident gentry. 
 The inhabitants of Dingle appear to 
 have more comforts — are better em- 
 ployed and better paid, than at most 
 other places ; while the improvements 
 continually in progress, under the in- 
 fluence of landlords who take an in- 
 terest in the management of their own 
 property, have contributed much to 
 the social advantages of the poor. 
 The Bay is a source of endless wealth, 
 being never without abundance of 
 fish of all kinds. Here also, with let- 
 ! ters of introduction, good society 
 would be found, and the open hospi- 
 tality of Ireland, so fast disappearing 
 from the more mercantile districts, 
 would be fully recognized.” Accord- 
 ing to the same authority, the price of 
 fish rarely varies, and is generally as 
 follows: — whiting, 5d. per dozen, of 
 thirteen; mackerel, Is. 4d. per hun- 
 dred ; cod, or hake, 9d. per dozen, and 
 all other fish in proportion. Mr Inglis, 
 however, states that he found much 
 want of employment at Dingle, but 
 
DIN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DON 
 
 he admits the great cheapness of pro- 
 visions, even potatoes being only 2|d. 
 per stone. w The land round the town 
 is in a very indifferent condition as 
 regards the occupiers. A great part 
 of it is the property of the Mullins 
 Family, held under a trust created by 
 a former Lord Ventry, and is badly 
 managed. Tenants occupy miserable 
 small lots, and being unable to live on 
 the produce of their land, go half the 
 year a-begging, or in search of em- 
 ployment. Fuel, too, is scarce in this 
 country, but the facility of catching 
 fish perhaps counterbalances this dis- 
 advantage.” There is no doubt that 
 one great cause of the poverty which 
 prevails in the peninsula of Dingle, as 
 in other parts of Ireland, is the system 
 of early marriages. Mr Inglis states, 
 that “ fourteen and thirteen are com- 
 mon ages for the marriage of girls ; 
 fifteen is not considered at all an early 
 age for marriage ; and there are even 
 instances of their having been con- 
 tracted at so early an age as twelve.” 
 This is truly a great and public evil, 
 which must have a serious effect on 
 the physical eonstitution as well as on 
 the social condition of the Dingle 
 peasantry. Near the town are the 
 residences of Farranakilly, Grove, and 
 Ballintaggart ; and westward, in the 
 direction of the little harbour and vil- 
 lage of Ventry, which are a short dis- 
 tance from Dingle, is Burnham, the 
 seat of Lord Ventry — a tall square 
 house, surrounded by a lawn minus of 
 a single tree. East of the harbour of 
 Diugle, on the pleasing diversified 
 shore, are the ruins of Menard Castle. 
 Vessels of 600 tons can reach the pier 
 at spring tides. The new line of road 
 from Castlemaine to Dingle joins the 
 old road near Annascall, and connects 
 the town with Killarney and several 
 roads. Population in 1831, 4327. 
 
 DINGLE BAY, the splendid and 
 capacious Bay, on an inlet on the north 
 side of which the town of Dingle is 
 situated, abounds with magnificent 
 marine scenery, embracing the lofty 
 Dingle mountains, those of Iveragh, 
 and the towering outlines of Macgil- 
 319 
 
 licuddy’s Reeks. The proper har- 
 bour of Dingle is very hazardous to 
 make during strong westerly winds 
 and if they pass it are liable to great 
 danger by running eastward on Cas- 
 tlemaine bar. The harbour, how- 
 ever, is very secure w T hen once enter- 
 ed, and vessels of any tonnage find 
 safe anchorage. 
 
 DINISH ISLAND, a small island 
 belonging to the parish of Kilcrohan, 
 county of Kerry, between the mouth 
 of the Kenmare river and the Bay of 
 Ballinskelligs. It is said to comprise 
 80 productive acres. 
 
 DIRPATRICK. See Derry- 
 
 PATRICK. 
 
 DOAGH, a small village in the 
 county of Antrim, two miles beyond 
 Templepatrick, on the road over the 
 hills to Larne. Near it is Fisherwick 
 Lodge, a hunting seat of the Marquis 
 of Donegal. 
 
 DOAGH ISLAND, an island about 
 five miles from the village of Malin, 
 county of Donegal, on the seaward 
 point of which are the ruins cf Car- 
 rickabraghy Castle. 
 
 DODDER, a stream which rises in 
 the Dublin Mountains, and falls into 
 the estuary of the Liffey, or Bay of 
 Dublin, at Ringsend. 
 
 DOGSTOWN, or Boytowragh,. a 
 parish and entire rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Middletliird, county of Tip- 
 perary, and Diocese of Cash el, annexed 
 to Knockgraffon. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 DOLLA, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Upper Ormond, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Killaloe. 
 Population in 1831, 1073. Post-tow’n, 
 Parsonstown. 
 
 DOLLARDSTOWN. See Bal- 
 
 LINACLOGH. 
 
 DONABATE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Balrothery, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin* 
 The village of Donabate is situated 
 on an expansion of the Ballyboghill 
 stream, a short distance from the sea, 
 or rather on a point of land lying to 
 the south between the Bays of Mala- 
 hide and Portrane, the land on the 
 shores of which is well cultivated. 
 
DON THE GAZETTEER DON 
 
 In the vicinity are the residences of 
 Portrane House and Newbridge. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 480. Post-town. 
 Swords. 
 
 DONACOMPER, a parochial di- 
 vision in the Union of Albridge, Ba- 
 rony of South Salt, county of Kildare, 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. Post- 
 town, Leixlip. 
 
 DONADEA, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the united Baronies of 
 Ikeath and Ougherany, county and 
 Diocese of Kildare, constituting, with 
 the rectory and vicarage of Balrahan, 
 the prebend of Donadea. In this 
 small parish is the fine seat of Dona- 
 dea Castle (Aylmer, Bart.) In the 
 chapel is an ancient monument to the 
 memory of Sir Gerard Aylmer. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 481. Post-town, 
 Maynooth. 
 
 DONAGH, also designated Bom- 
 naghglinne-tochuir, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Innishowen, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 Derry. The parish church occupies a 
 most romantic situation near a splen- 
 did cataract, known as Eas-mac-eirc, 
 which falls down the lofty Slieve- 
 Snaght, or Snow Mountain. On its 
 site was formerly a monastery, said to 
 have been founded by St Patrick, who 
 placed St Macarthen over it. The 
 supposed penitential bed of the saint 
 is still preserved, and visited by pil- 
 grims. Population in 1831, 5357. Post- 
 town, Carn. 
 
 DONAGH, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Trough, county of 
 Monaghan, and Diocese of Clogher, 
 containing several villages and ham- 
 lets, among which are the post-towns 
 of Glasslough and Emyvale. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 11,086. Post-town, Ty- 
 uagh. 
 
 DONAGHADEE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Ardes, county 
 and Diocese of Down, on the North 
 Channel. The sea-port, market, and 
 post-town of Donaghadee, 95 Irish 
 miles from Dublin, and 15 miles from 
 Belfast, has long been noted as one of 
 the principal of the Government 
 packet stations, and is the shortest 
 
 l ... - - .. . 
 
 point of communication between Ire- 
 land and Scotland, the distance being 
 about 21 miles to Portpatrick. The 
 voyage by steam is generally performed 
 in two hours. The town consists of 
 several streets, has an elegant parish 
 church, a Roman Catholic chapel, some 
 Presbyterian chapels, and one Metho- 
 dist meeting-house. There are several 
 schools in the town and parish, three 
 of which, in 1834, were in connection 
 with the National Board of Education. 
 The houses are white -washed, and 
 the crescent-form of the town round 
 the harbour gives it a neat and cheer- 
 ful appearance. Here are a large 
 pier, harbour, quay, and a light-house. 
 The new pier, constructed at the ex- 
 pense of Government, incloses a basin 
 of seven acres, and cost upwards of 
 L. 150, 000. The work is executed in 
 the best style of masonry, but the be- 
 nefits hitherto derived from it are not 
 considered equivalent to such an out- 
 lay. Lord Montgomery of Ardes, 
 about 1650, erected the former quay, 
 128 yards in length and 22 feet in 
 breadth, for the accommodation of 
 the traffic between the Scotish colo- 
 nists and their own country, and du- 
 ring the eighteenth century it afforded 
 tolerable shelter to all the vessels em- 
 ployed, until the better class of steam- 
 packets and merchantmen rendered a 
 new pier indispensable. The Scotish 
 mails have landed at Donaghadee since 
 before 1744, but the direct communi- 
 cation from Scotland to Belfast by 
 steam has greatly lessened its import- 
 ance. This place was also a great 
 resort of fugitive lovers, who here 
 embarked for Portpatrick, and were 
 there buckled in more Scotico , ac- 
 cording to the fashion of Gretna 
 Green. Numbers of females in the 
 town and neighbourhood are employ- 
 ed in the embroidery of muslin by 
 Glasgow houses. In 1835 the value 
 of the whole exports from Donagha- 
 dee Creek amounted to L.62,484; the 
 imports only L.7570. On the north- 
 east side of the town is a conspicuous 
 artificial conical mount, 140 feet in 
 height, 219 feet in circumference at 
 
DON OF IRELAND. DON 
 
 the top, and 480 feet at the base, sur- 
 rounded by a dry fosse from 27 to 32 
 feet broad. A powder magazine 
 crowns the summit, from which Scot- 
 land and the Isle of Man are seen in 
 clear weather. Fairs are held at 
 Donaghadee on the last Wednesday in 
 May (Old Style), 16th August, 10th of 
 October, and last Wednesday in No- 
 vember (Old Style). Population of 
 town in 1831, 2986 ; of parish, 7627. 
 
 DON AGHCLONEY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Lower Iveagh, county of Down, and 
 Diocese of Dromore, one of the five 
 benefices which compose the Arch- 
 deaconry of Dromore. Population in 
 1831, 5657. Post-town, Lurgan. 
 
 DONAGHEADY, a populous and 
 extensive parish in the Barony of 
 Strabane, county of Tyrone, and Dio- 
 cese of Derry. It contains a number 
 of villages, the inhabitants of which 
 are engaged in the linen manufacture. 
 Population in 1831, 10,480. Post-town, 
 Strabane. 
 
 DONAGHEAVY, a parish in the 
 Baronies of Clogher and Omagh, 
 county of Tyrone, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. Population in 1831, 8380. 
 Post-town, Fintona. 
 
 DONAGHE Y, a small village in the 
 county of Tyrone, about six miles 
 from Dungannon. 
 
 DONAGH-HENRY, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Dungannon, 
 county of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, containing the villages of 
 Coal-Island,Tullyniskin, and Stewart s- 
 town. It extends along the western 
 shores of Lough Neagh, and in the 
 | district are linen manufactures, and 
 coal and iron works. Here are the 
 residences of Donagh-Henry, Belle 
 ville, Barnshill, and Bellmount, and 
 Stewart Hall, the seat of the Earl of 
 Castlestuart. Population in 1831, 4863. 
 Post-town, Stewartstown. 
 
 DONAGI1MORE, a small parish, 
 reetory and vicarage, in the united 
 Baronies of Ibawne and Barryroe, 
 eounty of Cork, and annexed Diocese 
 of Ross. Population in 1831, 364. 
 Post-town, Cloghnakilty. 
 
 321 
 
 DONAGHMORE, or Donough- 
 more, a parish and prebend in the 
 Baronies of Barrets and Muskerry, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. 
 The village of Donaghmore is in the 
 latter Barony, and fairs are held in 
 May and November. Population in 
 1831,6794. Post-town, Macroom. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Raphoe, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 Derry, on the river Finn. In this 
 district are numerous manufacturing 
 villages and hamlets. Population in 
 1831, 13,257. Post-town, Castlefin. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Upper Iveagh, 
 county of Down, and Diocese of Dro- 
 more. In the village of Donaghmore 
 is a Presbyterian meeting-house, and 
 fairs are held on the 22d of June and 
 October. Population in 1831, 4463. 
 Post-town, Newry. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the county of the city 
 and Diocese of Limerick, constituting, 
 with the vicarage of St John, the 
 corps of the prebend of Donaghmore. 
 Population in 1831, 1803. Post-town, 
 Limerick. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Navan, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 In this parish are an ancient round 
 tower and a church in ruins. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2132. Post town, Na- 
 van. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Rataoth, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Population in 
 1831, 347. Post-town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Upper 
 Ossory, Queen's County, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. In fhe village of Do- 
 naghmore, two miles from Rathdow- 
 ney, fairs are held in March, June, 
 August, and December. Population 
 in 1831, 1211. Post-town, Rathdowney. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the united Baronies of 
 Iffa and Offa East, county of Tipper- 
 ary, and Diocese of Cashel, consti- 
 tuting, with the entire rectory of Kil- 
 
DON THE GAZETTEER DON 
 
 togan, the corps of the prebend of 
 Donaghmore. Population in 1831, 456. 
 Post-town, Fethard. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Dungannon, 
 county of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, containing a village so call- 
 ed, and numerous hamlets or groups 
 of houses. Fairs are held in the vil- 
 lage of Donaghmore on the first Tues- 
 day of each month. Population in 
 1831, 12,144. Post-town, Dungannon. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish and vic- 
 arage in the Barony of Ballagheen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, extending along the Irish Sea. 
 Population in 1831, 2448. Post-town, 
 Gorey. 
 
 DONAGHMORE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Upper 
 Talbotstown, county of Wicklow, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, constituting 
 the corps of a prebend. Population 
 in 1831. 4130. Post-town, Baltinglass. 
 
 DONAGHMORE. See Bally- 
 
 RAGGET. 
 
 DONAGHMOYNE, or Doxagh- 
 maix, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Farness, county of Mo- 
 naghan, and Diocese of Clogher, con- 
 taining a number of villages, in which 
 the linen manufacture is carried on. 
 Population in 1831, 14,070. Post-town, 
 Carrickmacross. 
 
 DONAGHNAGHTA, or Doxagh- 
 ta, a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Longford, county of Galway, 
 and Diocese of Clonfert. Population 
 in 1831, 631. Post-town, Eyrecourt. 
 
 DONAGHPATRICK, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Clare, county of Galway, and Diocese 
 of Tuam, in the Union of Headford. 
 Population in 1831, 3697. Post-town, 
 Headford. • 
 
 DONAGHPATRICK, or Doxogh- 
 patrick, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Baronies of Upper Kells and Lower 
 Navan, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 situated on the Blackwater, having a 
 village of its name, the representative 
 of a very ancient town. An abbey 
 was founded here by St Patrick, which 
 was plundered by the Danes. Popu- 
 322 
 
 lation in 1831, 931. Post-town, Na- 
 van. 
 
 DONAGHY, a village in the parish 
 of Donaghmore, county of Tyrone. 
 
 DONAMON, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Half Barony of Ballymoe, coun- 
 ties of Roscommon and Galway, and 
 Diocese of Elphin, on the Suck. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1114. 
 
 DONAMONA, a parochial district 
 in the Barony of Tullagb, county of 
 Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe, con- 
 tiguous to the old episcopal city of 
 Killaloe. 
 
 DONANEY, a parish and impro- 
 priate rectory in the Baronies of 
 Upper Philipstown, King’s County, 
 and of West Ophaly, county of Kil- 
 dare. Population in 1831, 676. 
 
 DONANY, or Dunaney, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Fer- 
 rard, county of Louth, and Archdio- 
 cese of Armagh, annexed to other 
 parishes. Population in 1831, 496. 
 Post-town, Dunleer. 
 
 DONARD, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Lower Talbotstown, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, watered by a small tribu- 
 tary of the Slaney. In the village of 
 Donard is a Roman Catholic chapel, 
 and fairs are held in May and August. 
 St Palladius is alleged to have found- 
 ed a church here during the fifth cen- 
 tury. Population in 1831, 1463. Post- 
 town, Baltinglass. 
 
 DONBOY, or Dumbay, a parochial 
 chapelry connected w ith the parish of 
 Donard, county of Wicklow. Post- 
 town, Blessington. 
 
 DONEGAL, anciently Tyrcoxnel, 
 a maritime county, and the largest in 
 the Province of Ulster, is bounded on 
 the north and w T est by the Atlantic 
 Ocean; by parts of the counties of 
 Tyrone and Londonderry on the east, 
 and by Donegal Bay and parts of Lei- 
 trim and Fermanagh on the south. The 
 greatest length of the county, from 
 Innishowen Head on the north-east, 
 to Malin-Beg Head, or Teelin Head, 
 on the south-west, is said to be 85 sta- 
 tute miles : the greatest breadth from j 
 Fearn Hill on the south-east, to Horn I 
 
DON 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DON 
 
 Head on the north-west, 41 statute 
 miles. The surface is variously stat- 
 ed ; one authority estimating it at 
 18*20 square miles, or 1,165,107 English 
 acres, 520,736 of which acres are cul- 
 tivated, and 644,3^1 uncultivated; but, 
 according to the Ordnance Survey, 
 the county comprises about 1865 
 square miles, or 1,193,442 acres statute 
 measure, 1,170,335 of which are land, 
 and 23,107 are under water. The 
 whole is divided into six Baronies : — 
 1. Tyrhugh in the south; 2 and 3. 
 Bannagh and Boylagh in the west ; 
 4. Kilmacrenan in the north-w’est ; 5. 
 Innishowen in the north-east ; and, 6. 
 Raphoe in the east and centre. The 
 whole county forms the north-west 
 extremity of Ireland. 
 
 The sea-coast is extremely irregu- 
 j lar. Beginning with the inlet of 
 ! Lough Foyle on the north-east, and 
 rounding Innishowen Head and Malin 
 Head, the latter the most northern 
 point of the mainland of Ireland, there 
 are numerous small indentations, but 
 the deep and capacious inlet of Lough 
 Swilly is most conspicuous. West 
 from this is the estuary of Mulroy 
 Bay, an arm of which forms a narrow 
 crooked promontory ; farther west is 
 Sheepliaven, a large bay, the point 
 at its western entrance known as 
 Cape Horn, or Horn Head. In Torry 
 sound, a little south-west of Sheep- 
 laven, are Torry and other islands, 
 *nd on the mainland is the small inlet 
 of Ballyness Bay. Rounding Bloody 
 Foreland Point, numerous bays indent 
 the coast on the west from that Point 
 to the capacious Bay of Donegal. The 
 most prominent of these Bays are those 
 of Gweedore, Innisfree, Trawenagh, 
 Loughrusmore, Loughrusbeg, and 
 Teelin, Killybegs, and Inver Bays, on 
 the north side of the Bay of Donegal, 
 which is very considerably indented. 
 Several of these Bays are secure, and 
 form excellent harbours. The islands 
 on the coast are numerous, of which 
 upwards of 17 are inhabited. The 
 most important of these is the North 
 Arran Island (see Arran) ; among 
 the others are Rutland, or Innismac- 
 323 
 
 dura, Innisfree, and Owney, and the 
 avocation of those who dwell on these 
 dreary islands is fishing. Many of 
 the islands are separated from the 
 mainland, and from each other by 
 narrow' sand-banks and sounds. 
 
 The whole coast, from Bloody Fore- 
 land Point on the north to Malin Beg 
 Head on the south, a distance of pro- 
 bably 40 miles in a straight line, is 
 truly desolate. Extensive bogs stud- 
 ded with pools, which discharge their 
 waters into the Atlantic through bar- 
 ren sandy tracts, and the want of 
 bridges, render these dreary channels 
 impassable during winter when over- 
 flowed. The wildest part of this dis- 
 trict is called The Rosses, and is chiefly 
 the property of the Marquis of Con- 
 yngham. The success of the herring- 
 fishery in 1784 and 1785, when each 
 season’s fishing produced L. 40, 000 
 to the inhabitants of the Rosses, in- 
 duced the Government, in conjunc- 
 tion with the Marquis, to expend 
 L.50,000 on improvements, to erect 
 the permanent fishing- station of Rut- 
 land on the island of Innismacdurn, 
 but it was scarcely completed when 
 the herrings deserted the coast ; the 
 island is now half covered with sand 
 blown by the winds, the unfortunate 
 fishing-station is obliterated, and the 
 large sum of money expended on it 
 irretrievably lost. On the entire line 
 of coast between Bloody Foreland 
 Point and Malin Beg Head there is 
 only one gentleman’s seat, which is at 
 Ardara, and is called Woodhill. 
 
 The Gweebarra river separates the 
 wild district of the Rosses from the 
 better reclaimed tracts about Glanties 
 and Ardara, and the sandy channel of 
 that stream can be easily forded in 
 dry weather. The cliffs between 
 Ardara and Malin Beg Head are pre- 
 cipitous, and rise from 500 to 600 feet, 
 but those of Slieve-League, east of 
 Malin Beg Head, on the north side of 
 Donegal Bay, are at one point up- 
 wards of 1960 feet in height. East- 
 ward from these precipitous cliffs of 
 Slieve-League to the town of Donegal 
 at the head of the Bay, the northern 
 
DON 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 DON 
 
 shore affords commodious and secure 
 shelter from the north-west gales 
 within Teelin, Fintragh, Killybeggs, 
 M‘Swine’s, and Inver Bays. Round 
 the head of Donegal Bay to the junc- 
 tion of the county with that of Lei- 
 trim, near Bundoran, the seaward de- 
 clivities are more or less cultivated ; 
 the neighbourhood of Ballyshannon 
 j is greatly improved ; a fine tract of 
 arable land extends inland from the 
 town of Donegal to the romantic lake 
 called Lough Eask and the Gap of 
 Barnesmore, which, west of Ennis- 
 killen, is the only ordinary commu- 
 nication between the Provinces of 
 Connaught and Ulster. A moun- 
 i tain defile, upwards of eight miles in 
 j length, connects the Gap of Barnes- 
 more with the south-western district 
 j of the Foyle, at the two thriving vil- 
 j lages of Ballybofey and Stranorlar on 
 I the Finn. 
 
 The coast of Donegal, from the 
 Liberties of the city of Londonderry, 
 round Lough Foyle to the mountains 
 of Innishowen, is populously inhabit- 
 ed, and the district much improved. 
 In this quarter are the well-frequented 
 sea-bathing villages of Muff and Mo- 
 ville. The coast from Innishowen 
 Head to Malin Head is rocky and pre- 
 cipitous ; the cliffs at the former are 
 upwards of 312 feet in height, but at 
 Bin Head, between Culdatf and Malin, 
 they rise to at least 810 feet. On the 
 west side of the Innishowen penin- 
 sula, formed by Lough S willy, the 
 coast is low, and in many places cover- 
 ed with sand drifted in immense quan- 
 tities by the north-westerly gales, 
 j On this side of Lough Swilly is the 
 : town of Buncrana, and on the west 
 side are the towns of Ramelton and 
 Rathmullen, the latter nearly opposite 
 Buncrana, the vicinities greatly im- 
 proved. Lough Sw illy itself is a spa- 
 cious inlet, from 20 to 30 miles in 
 length, and having the prominent 
 island of Inch in the midst of its great- 
 est breadth. On the 1st of July 1841 
 an English company had succeeded in 
 reclaiming from the sea, and com- 
 pletely draining in Lough Swilly 2000 
 324 
 
 acres. The embankment is 50 feet at 
 the base, 17 feet high, and seven feet , , 
 thick on the surface. The town of 
 Letterkenny is situated on the Swilly 
 river, a little above its debouch into 
 the Lough. The coast of Fanad, west- 
 ward of Lough Swilly, peninsulated 
 by the Bay of Mulroy, is rugged, and 
 in many places overspread with sand. 
 Mulroy Bay is very narrow at the 
 entrance, is upw’ards of ten miles in 
 length, and completely land-locked, 
 but encumbered with sand-banks, and 
 its windings intricate. Between this 
 Bay and Slieephaven is the small pen- 
 insula of Rossguil, almost obliterated 
 by the sands continually blown. Some 
 idea may be formed of the dreadful 
 scourge of sand to which this quarter 
 of Ireland is subjected, from the fact 
 that Rosapenna House, built during 
 the eighteenth century on the isthmus 
 by Lord Boyle, with its demesne, gar- 
 dens, and otiices, is completely buried, 
 and the clnnmeys of the mansion were 
 the only visible parts of it a few years 
 ago. It is not improbable that the 
 whole of this coast will yet become a 
 sandy desert, for each succeeding 
 storm may be expected to blow' in an 
 additional quantity, unless plantations 
 of bent grass be formed, and a regu- 
 lation extirpation efieeted of the my- 
 riads of rabbits which burrow miles 
 along the shore, and prevent the na- 
 tural grasses binding dow n the loose 
 matter. Doe Castle, and the mansion 
 and demesne of Ardes, the latter said 
 to be the most splendid seat in this 
 part of the Province of Ulster, as it 
 certainly is the most remote,' are on 
 the opposite shore of Sheephaven, on 
 a creek in which, under Horn Head, 
 is the little town of Dunfanaghy. 
 Horn Head rises to the height of 
 about 835 feet, with a clifftothe height 
 of nearly 630 feet. On the western 
 side of this headland is the remarkable 
 rocky perforation known as AT Swine's 
 Gun , from which the noise of the 
 ocean, when driven into it by a north- 
 west wind, is heard many miles dis- 
 tant. Between Horn Head and Bloody 
 Foreland Point are the islands of In- 
 
DON 
 
 OF IRELAND. DON 
 
 nisboffin, Innisdoony, and Torry, the 
 last inhabited by a race of persons 
 probably the most primitive in the 
 United Kingdom, many of whom were 
 never on the mainland of Ireland. 
 
 The whole county of Donegal, with 
 the exception of the midland district 
 and some'small tracts, is mountainous 
 and boggy. These mountain groups, 
 with those of Tyrone and London- 
 derry, inclose the basin of the Foyle 
 in a deep amphitheatre. The valleys 
 of the Donegal mountains have a 
 general direction of north-east and 
 south-west. There are three chief 
 lines of road — the first from the towns 
 of Ballyshannon and Donegal to Lon- 
 donderry through the Gap of Barnes- 
 more ; the second from Ardaraby the 
 head of the Finn to Lifford and Let- 
 terkenny ; and the third from Dun- 
 fanaghy and the cultivated district 
 round Sheephaven into the Rosses, by 
 the passes between Dooish andErigal. 
 The two latter roads are little fre- 
 quented. The other roads are good. 
 There are no canals nor railroads. 
 
 The lakes are numerous in this 
 county, but none of any extent or 
 note, except Lough Derg (see Derg). 
 The rivers are the Finn, the Derg, the 
 Deel, all tributaries of the Foyle ; the 
 Swilly and the Leannan, which enter 
 Lough Swilly; the Lackagh, which 
 discharges the waters of Lough Gar- 
 tan, Lough Veagh, Lough Salt (said 
 to be the deepest pool in Ireland), and 
 Glen Lough into Sheephaven ; the 
 Gweebarra, the Gweedore, and the 
 Owenea, on the western coast. 
 
 The plantations are limited in most 
 parts of the county, but there are re- 
 mains of natural forests even in those 
 sandy districts exposed to the north- 
 west winds. The principal planta- 
 tions are at Ardes and Tyrcallan, the 
 latter a fine seat near Stranorlar. The 
 state of agriculture is improving, and 
 much might be annually done by in- 
 dustry, enterprise, and an outlay of 
 capital. The good land is all under 
 tillage, and the Raphoe and Tyrhugh 
 Farming Societies, instituted about 
 1800, have been of considerable ser- 
 325 
 
 vice in the encouragement of green 
 crops and nurseries. The pasturage 
 is too sour for cattle, and on that ac- 
 count Donegal is not a grazing county. 
 
 The minerals are limestone, which 
 extends over the borders of the county 
 from Bundoran to Ballintra; granite 
 and mica slate compose the line of 
 mountains from Lough Salt to Barnes- 
 more; the same rock occurs over the 
 lower parts of Innishowen ; granular 
 limestone abounds in beds through- 
 out the entire mountain district in 
 great varieties of colour; and other 
 kinds of limestone are found in the 
 Baronies of Innishowen and Raphoe. 
 Among the rare minerals may be no- 
 ticed garnet in hornblende slate over 
 the marble of Dunlewy, cherry-red 
 garnet at Glanties, plumbago on the 
 shore of Ardes, copper pyrites at 
 Horn Head, iron pyrites at Barnes- 
 more, lead earth and iron ochre at 
 Kildrum, potter’s clay at Drumardagli 
 on Lough Swilly, pipe-clay at Drum- 
 boe near Stranorlar, lead ore at Firm- 
 town, Letterkenny, Glentogher, and 
 other places ; and pearl-grey and yel- 
 lowish white porcelain clay on Arrau- 
 more Island. The white marble of 
 Dunlewy, near the mountain Arigal 
 or Erigal, is most beautiful, and of 
 excellent quality, considered to con- 
 tain less grey veins than that of Italy. 
 “ On the estate of Mr Drornbraine, 
 near the Rosses,” says a writer in a 
 popular periodical in 1833, “ there are 
 from 20 to 30 acres, under which is 
 nothing but white marble, which can 
 be raised in blocks of any size ; but 
 from the badness of the roads, and 
 the want of a pier to ship it, this 
 treasure is unproductive to its owner, 
 and valueless to the country. The 
 county of Donegal is not only rich in 
 mines and minerals, but the rivers 
 abound with the pearl mussel. I have 
 seen large round and lustrous pearls 
 taken out of its streams, which would 
 not disgrace the fishery in South 
 India. Mr Drornbraine bought for a 
 few shillings from a poor boy one of 
 such size and beauty, that Messrs 
 Bundle and Bridge of London offered 
 
DON THE GAZETTEER DON 
 
 him 40 guineas for it, and if another 
 of equal size and colour accompanied 
 it, they could scarcely say what sum 
 they would have offered. Mr Drom- 
 braine had the gem set with brilliants, 
 at the expense of 150 guineas, and its 
 positive value is in no small degree 
 enhanced in his eyes by being the pro- 
 duct of the Emerald Isle." 
 
 The linen manufacture is carried 
 on to a considerable extent through- 
 out the county, but the stocking ma- 
 nufacture, which employed many fe- 
 males on the western coast, has now 
 decreased, in consequence of the pea- 
 santry wearing trowsers instead of 
 knee breeches. There are several 
 bleachlields, especially near Stranor- 
 lar, and numerous flour-mills. Illicit 
 distillation is still carried on in the 
 mountain districts. In the south and 
 west of the county the condition of 
 the peasantry is wretched, but north 
 of the Gap of Barnesmore they are 
 comfortable, clean, and generally well 
 clothed. 
 
 The most remarkable memorial of 
 antiquity in Donegal is the Grianan 
 of Aileacb, on a mountain near the 
 head of Lough Swilly (see Aileach). 
 On Tory Island are some curious re- 
 mains (see Tory Island). The civil 
 history of the county is chiefly con- 
 nected with the feuds of the native 
 Irish clans and the English. The 
 last historical event of any import- 
 ance was the capture of the French 
 fleet off Tory Island by Sir John B. 
 Warren in 1798. 
 
 Donegal returns two members to 
 the Imperial Parliament; constitu- 
 ency in 1840-1, 1540; population in 
 1831, 289,149. The county expenses 
 are defrayed by Grand Jury present- 
 ments, and the amount of taxation 
 levied is averaged at L.24,000. The 
 ecclesiastical and educational statistics 
 of the county are noticed in the ac- 
 count of the Diocese of Raphoe. See 
 Raphoe. 
 
 DONEGAL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage* in the county of its name, 
 Barony of Tyrhugh, and Diocese of 
 Raphoe. The town of Donegal, eleven 
 325 
 
 miles from Bally shannon, is pleasantly 
 situated on a shallow inlet at the head 
 of Donegal Bay, and at the debouch 
 of the Esk, or Eask. It is environed 
 by numerous verdant hills, which are 
 connected with, and encircled by, wild 
 mountain ranges. The parish church 
 is a neat edifice, and the town con- 
 tains a Roman Catholic chapel, a 
 Presbyterian, Independent, and Me- 
 thodist meeting-house, and several 
 schools. The weekly markets are 
 improving, and fairs are held in Janu- 
 ary, February, March, April, May, 
 July, September, October, November, 
 and December. The trade, however, 
 is small, from the nature of the har- 
 bour, and the w r ant of capital. In 1831, 
 the exports from Donegal Creek were 
 valued at L. 11,363; the imports at 
 L. 1 1,331 . “ Donegal,” says Mr Inglis, 
 
 i{ is one of the smallest of towns ; it 
 is scarcely more than a village, and 
 yet it bears the name of the county. 
 A street is scarcely to be found in it, 
 but there is a very spacious market- 
 place, though I should think there are 
 few market-places where less business 
 is done.” The environs of Donegal are 
 pretty. The district is agreeably di- 
 versified by knolls and hillocks — some 
 cultivated, some green, and with a suf- 
 ficiency of wood interspersed among 
 them, while a very fine mountain out- 
 line bounds the horizon to the north. 
 Many beautiful excursions may be 
 made from Donegal. The Earl of 
 Arran is proprietor of the place, and 
 his Lordship’s contemplated improve- 
 ments and alterations will greatly be- 
 nefit this really pretty, agreeable, and 
 beautifully situated town. The re- 
 mains of the old castle of the O’Don- 
 nells, Earls of Tyrconnell, form a con- 
 spicuous object, and a little below the 
 town are the ruins of an abbey or 
 monastery founded by the same chief- 
 tains in the fifteenth century. Ad- 
 joining the town is a mineral w r ell, or 
 sulphureous spa, in great local repute, 
 at which a neat pump-room and baths 
 are erected. The numerous bays, 
 creeks, and islets of Donegal Bay, 
 render the neighbourhood remark- 
 
DON OF IRELAND. DON 
 
 ably interesting, while the Gap or 
 Glen of Barnesmore, which is upwards 
 of four miles in length, is within six 
 miles of the town. Donegal gives the 
 title of Marquis, in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land, to the Noble Family of Chiches- 
 ter (see Belfast). Arthur, second 
 Viscount Chichester, was created dur- 
 ing his father’s lifetime Earl of Done- 
 gal in 1647. He was succeeded by his 
 nephew, whose great grandson Ar- 
 thur, fifth Earl, was advanced to the 
 dignity of Marquis of Donegal and 
 Earl of Belfast in 1791, having been in 
 i the previous year created a British 
 Peer by the title of Baron Fisher- 
 wick. Population of the parish in 
 | 1831, 6260; of the town, 830. 
 
 DONEGORE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony and county of 
 Antrim, and Diocese of Connor. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2532. 
 
 DONEIRA, or Doxiry, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Leitrim, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Clonfert. Population in 
 1831, 1768. Post-town, Doneraile. 
 
 DONEMAGAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Kells, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, on the King’s river. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1162. 
 
 DONERAILE, a parish and per- 
 petual curacy in the Barony of Fer- 
 moy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. The town of Doneraile is 
 situated on the Awbeg, here crossed 
 by an elegant stone bridge, ten miles 
 from Mitchelstown, upwards of four 
 miles above Buttevant, and three 
 miles below Castletown-Roche. This 
 town is pleasantly situated in a very 
 beautiful district, and chiefly consists 
 of one street. It has a neat parish 
 church, and a Homan Catholic chapel. 
 Fairs are held in August and Novem- 
 ber. In the town and parish are 
 several schools, aitd the vicinity is or- 
 namented by numerous villas, among 
 which may be noticed Velvetstown. 
 Biblox, Creagh Castle, Dounybrook, 
 Kilbrack, and Clogheen. But the 
 great object of attraction is the fine 
 mansion and demesne of Lord Done- 
 327 
 
 raile, the park watered by the Awbeg, 
 and containing some magnificent trees. 
 Arthur St Leger, said to have been 
 descended from Sir Robert St Leger, 
 who was present at the battle of Hast- 
 ings, and supported William the Con- 
 queror with his hand when quitting 
 the ship to land in Sussex, was created 
 Viscount Doneraile and Baron Kil- 
 barrow, in Ireland, by Queen Anne, in 
 1703. The peerage became extinct in 
 the person of the Right Hon. Hayes 
 St Leger, fourth Viscount, when the 
 estates devolved to the issue of his 
 Lordship’s sister, the Hon. Elizabeth 
 St Leger, who married Richard Aid- 
 worth, Esq. of Newmarket, county of 
 Cork. Her son, by this marriage, 
 St Leger Aldworth, who succeeded to 
 the estates of his uncle, the fourth 
 Viscount, assumed the family sur- 
 name of St Leger, and was created 
 Baron Doneraile by George III. in 
 1776. His Lordship was advanced to 
 the dignity of Viscount Doneraile in 
 1785. Population of the parish in 
 1831, 6940 ; of the tow n, 2652. 
 
 DONFEENY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Tyraw ley, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Killala, on the 
 Atlantic. Population in 1831, 3561. 
 Post-town, Rathlackeu. 
 
 DON-ISLE, or Doxhill, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony i 
 of Middlethird, county of Waterford, 
 and Diocese of Lismore. Near the 
 hamlet of Annstown are the ruins of 
 Don-Isle Castle, on the little bay of 
 its name in St George’s Channel. 
 Population in 1831, 1697. Post-town, 
 Kilmaethomas. 
 
 DONMOW, or Dunmow, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Morgal- 
 lion, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 annexed to Stackallen and Gormans- 
 town. Post-town, Navan. 
 
 DONNYBROOK, a parochial cha- 
 pelry partly in the Half-Barony of 
 ltathdowne, and partly in the county 
 of the city and Archdiocese of Dub- 
 lin, situated on the river Dodder, 
 which is here crossed by a splendid 
 bridge. The benefice constitutes 
 part of the corps of the Archdeaconry i 
 
DON 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DON 
 
 of Dublin. The village of Donny- 
 brook is within three miles of Dub- 
 lin, and contains the elegant parish 
 church of St Mary, erected from a 
 design of J. Semple, Esq. architects 
 The roof is vaulted, and the windows 
 are lancet-formed. Here are also a 
 spacious Roman Catholic chapel, a 
 Classical and other schools, a hat 
 manufactory, and several mills. The 
 celebrated fair of Donnybroolc is held 
 on the 26th of August, and is noted 
 for the battle, or general melee , by 
 which it was concluded, in which 
 broken heads were inflicted by the 
 frequenters of it on each other with 
 no sparing hand. This extraordinary 
 scene is humorously and ludicrously 
 described in the well-known song of 
 Donnybrook Fair. Population in 1831, 
 10,394. 
 
 DONNYCARNEY, a small village 
 in the parish of Artane, county of 
 Dublin, within three miles of that 
 city. Near it is Marino, a fine seat of 
 the Earl of Charlemont. 
 
 DONOGHENRY. See Stewarts- 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 DONOHILL, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Clanwilliam, county 
 of Tipperary, forming one of the 
 benefices constituting the Precentor- 
 ship of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 4308. Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 DONONAUGHTA. See Eyre- 
 court. 
 
 DONORE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Lower Duleek, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, in the vicinity of 
 Drogheda. It was the battle-field of 
 the Boyne. Population in 1831, 1191. 
 See Boyne and Drogheda. 
 
 DONORLIN, or Dunurlin, a pa- 
 rish and entire rectory in the Barony 
 of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry, and 
 united Diocese of Ardfert and Agha- 
 doe, on Smerwick Harbour. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1997. Post-town, Din 
 gle. 
 
 DONOUGH, a small village near 
 the little town of Lisnaskea, in the 
 county of Fermanagh. Fails are held 
 on the 10th of July and 26th of Au- 
 gust. 
 
 328 
 
 DONOUGHMORE. See Donagh- 
 
 MORE. 
 
 DONOUGHMORE, a village in the 
 county of Tyrone, at w'hich fairs are 
 held on the first Tuesday of each 
 month. 
 
 DON OUGHMOR E, which gives th e 
 title of Earl, in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land, to the Noble Family of Hely- 
 Hutchinson, is said to be Donagh- 
 more or Donoughmore parish in the 
 county of Cork. The Right Hon. 
 John Hely, a member of the Irish bar, 
 and Secretary of State for Ireland in 
 1777, married Christiana, niece and 
 heiress of Richard Hutchinson, Esq. 
 of Knocklofty, county of Tipperary, 
 in consequence of which he assumed 
 the name of Hutchinson. This Lady 
 was created Baroness Donoughmore 
 in 1783. Richard, the eldest son by 
 this marriage, was advanced to the 
 dignity of Viscount Suirdale in 1797, 
 and Earl of Donoughmore in 1800; 
 and, in 1821, Viscount Hutchinson of 
 the United Kingdom, with limitation 
 in both the English and Irish patents 
 to the heirs-male of his mother, Ba- 
 roness Donoughmore. His Lordship 
 died unmarried in 1825, and was suc- 
 ceeded by his brother, a distinguished 
 military officer, General in the Army, 
 and Grand Cross of the Bath, who had 
 been created a Peer of Great Britain, 
 by the title of Lord Hutchinson of 
 Alexandria, for his valuable services 
 in the expedition to Egypt in 1801, the 
 chief command of which devolved 
 upon him by the death of Sir Ralph 
 Abercromby. This nobleman died 
 unmarried in 1832, when the Barony 
 of Hutchinson of Alexandria became 
 extinct, but the Earldom of Donough- 
 more and the other titles devolved 
 upon his nephew, who succeeded as 
 third Earl. 
 
 DONQUIN, or Dunquin, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Corka- 
 guiney, county of Kerry, and united 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe. This 
 parish extends west of Ventry, and 
 comprises that part of the peninsula 
 formed by Dingle Bay on the south, 
 and Smerwick Harbour on the north, 
 
DOO 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DOV 
 
 terminated by Dunmore Head. The 
 Blaskets, or Ferriter’s Islands, are 
 considered to belong to it, and the 
 whole is a remote and desolate region, 
 the shores presenting stupendous 
 cliffs, and receiving a full benefit from 
 the storms and rain of the Atlantic. 
 If ever any incumbent had a good 
 excuse to be non-resident, the vicar 
 of Donquin must be among the num- 
 ber. Population in 1831, 1363. Post- 
 town, Dingle. 
 
 DOOCHARRY BRIDGE, a bridge 
 over the Gweebarra, county of Done- 
 gal, four miles from Finntown. This 
 is the point to which the tide rises in 
 that mountain stream. 
 
 DOOGH, or Kilkee, a village in 
 the parish of Kilferagh, county of 
 Clare, greatly frequented by the citi- 
 zens of Limerick during the bathing 
 season. 
 
 DOOISH, a mountain which rises 
 over the small town of Drumquin, in 
 the county of Tyrone. Its serrated 
 summits and rugged sides inclose the 
 beautiful Lough Veagh. 
 
 DOOLAGH’S (ST), or Doulach, a 
 parochial curacy in the Barony of 
 Coolock, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, containing a village of its 
 name. It contains one of the most 
 ancient churches in Ireland, built of 
 stone, and said to have been founded 
 in the tenth century by St Doulach. 
 Here is a holy well inclosed within a 
 stone roofed cell. Post-town, Dub- 
 i lin. 
 
 DOON, a parish and rectory in the 
 Baronies of Coonagh and Owneybeg, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly. Here the noted outlaw Emun- 
 a- Knock , or Ned of the Hilts, was in- 
 terred. Population in 1831, 5311. 
 Post-town, Pallas-Green. 
 
 DOON ASS, or Kiltexaxlea, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Tulla, county of Clare, 
 
 ! and Diocese of Killaloe, on the Shan- 
 non. The Rapids of Doonass on the 
 river, a great resort of the citizens 
 of Limerick on holidays, near the 
 ! small town of Castleconnell, attract 
 the notice of all tourists. The Shan- 
 329 
 
 non is here for upwards of a quarter of 
 ! a mile almost a cataract, and the river, 
 3-30 yards vride, pours itself over mass- 
 es of huge stones and rocks (see Cas- 
 tle-Conicell). In this quarter are 
 Hermitage, the seat of Lord Massey, 
 and Doonass Castle (Massey, Bart.), 
 on each side of the river surveying 
 the rapids, and the woods of these 
 fine residences ornamenting its banks 
 for a considerable distance. In the 
 Report for the Improvement of the 
 Navigation of the Shannon, it is pro- 
 posed to clear away the eel wiers 
 above Castle-Connell. Population in 
 1831, 3615. Post-town, Killaloe. 
 
 DOONAUN, or Dunane, a village 
 in the parish of Rathaspeck, Queen’s 
 County, at which is one of the coal- 
 eries of the great coal field of the 
 Leinster district. 
 
 DOON-POINT, a singular projec- 
 tion of the island of Raghery, off the 
 coast of Antrim, composed of basaltic 
 columns so arranged as to have an 
 exact resemblance to the ribs of a 
 ship. 
 
 DORINCII, and Dortnchbeo, two 
 islands in Clew Bay, coast of Mayo. 
 
 DOR RAH, or Doiirow. a parish in 
 the Barony of Lower Ormond, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Killaloe, 
 on the Shannon. Population in 1831, 
 3397. Post-town, Banagher. 
 
 DOUGLAS, a village chiefly within 
 the county of the city of Cork, on Cork 
 Harbour, two miles from Cork, on 
 the southern road to Cove. The pa- 
 rish church, or cliapel-of-ease, is em- 
 bosomed among trees, and in the 
 churchyard is the grave of Milliken. 
 Close to the village is the finely wood- 
 ed seat of Oldcourt (Goold, Bart.) 
 The Douglas stream enters Cork Har- 
 bour in this vicinity. 
 
 DOUGLAS-BRIDGE, a village in 
 the Barony of Strabane, situated on 
 the Mourne, in the county of Tyrone. 
 
 DOUTHSTOWN, or Dowdstow.n, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Skreene, county and Diocese of 
 Meath, situated on the Boyue river. 
 Post-town, Navan. 
 
 DOVEA, a parish and vicarage in 
 
DOW 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 DOW 
 
 the Barony of Eliogarty, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel, con- 
 nected -with the Chancellorship of 
 Cashel Cathedral. Post-town, Tern- 
 plemore. 
 
 DOWN, a Bishopric in the Archi- 
 episcopal Province of Armagh, an- 
 nexed to Connor (see Connor). .The 
 Diocese comprises the eastern portion 
 of the county of Down, and a part of 
 one parish in the county of Antrim, 
 extending from south-west to north- 
 east 51 English miles in length, and 
 from east to west 28 English miles in 
 breadth, divided into 42 pax’ishes, con- 
 stituting 37 benefices. In 1834 the 
 number of parochial edifices belong- 
 ing to the Church of Ireland was 40 ; 
 Roman Catholic chapels, 37 ; Presby- 
 terian meeting-houses, 56 ; other Dis- 
 senting meeting-houses, 19. In that 
 year the population of the Diocese of 
 Down amounted to 188,558 ; of whom 
 27,662 persons were members of the 
 Church of Ireland; 58,405 were Ro- 
 man Catholics; 98,961 were Presby- 
 terians ; and 3530 were Dissenters of 
 other denominations, thus exhibiting 
 a proportion of more than two Pro- 
 testants to one Roman Catholic. In 
 1834 there were also 309 schools in the 
 Diocese, at which 19,459 young per- 
 sons were receiving education, 46 of 
 which were connected with the Na- 
 tional Board of Education. The 
 Chapter consists of the Dean, Pre- 
 centor, Chancellor, Archdeacon, and 
 two Prebendaries. The revenue of 
 the united Bishopric of Down and 
 Connor is said to be L.4204 per an- 
 num. By the act of 1833 the united 
 Diocese is farther augmented by the 
 See of Dromore, the episcopal juris- 
 diction of which devolves on the 
 Bishop by avoidance. 
 
 It is said that St Patrick was the 
 founder of the See of Down, and that 
 he appointed St Carlan, Abbot of An- 
 trim, to the Bishopric about the end 
 of the fifth century. He was suc- 
 ceeded by one St Fergus, the date of 
 whose death is given in A. D. 583. No- 
 thing is known of his successors, or 
 who they were, until the episcopate 
 330 
 
 of Malachy O’Morgair, who died in 
 1137, prior to the English invasion. 
 This Bishop is said to have assisted 
 the Primate Gelasius of Armagh in 
 introducing the Roman discipline. 
 The last Bishop of Down, before the 
 union with Connor, was John Cely, 
 who was deprived in 1441, and his suc- 
 cessor, also named John, induced 
 Pope Eugenius IV. to annex the Sees 
 in 1442, and both have since been under 
 the jurisdiction of one Bishop. 
 
 The ancient episcopal seat was at 
 Downpatrick, where it is believed the 
 three famous Irish saints, St Patrick, 
 St Columb, and St Bridgid, were in- 
 terred. It is certain that the sepul- 
 chre of St Patrick brought the place 
 into great reputation, and it was then, 
 and long afterwards, known as Aras- 
 Keltair , and Rath- Keltair (see Down- 
 patrick). The celebrated, learned, 
 and pious Jeremy Taylor, was Bishop 
 of Down and Connor from 1635 to 
 1660, when he was translated to Dro- 
 more. From 1441 there had been no 
 episcopal mansion attached to the See, 
 and Bishop Taylor generally resided 
 at Portmore, near Glenary, county of 
 Antrim. The present Episcopal Pa- 
 lace is about a mile from Hollywood, 
 on the south shore of Belfast Lough. 
 The most distinguished Prelate who 
 has held this See since Bishop J eremy 
 Taylor’s episcopate is the Right Rev. 
 Richard Mant, D.D., who was con- 
 secrated in 1823. Bishop Mant is the 
 author of several pious and learned 
 works, among which may be mention- 
 ed “ Biographical Notices of the Apos- 
 tles, Evangelists, and other Saints,” 
 1828; “ Scriptural Narratives of those 
 Passages of our Blessed Lord’s Life 
 and Ministry, which are Subjects 
 of Annual Commemoration in the 
 Church,” 1830; “ History of the Church 
 of Ireland from the Reformation to the 
 Revolution,” 1840; and, in conjunc- 
 tion with the Rev. George D’Oyly, 
 D.D., Rector of Lambeth, the able 
 editor of the edition of the Old and 
 New Testaments, and of the Book of 
 Common Prayer, published under the 
 superintendence of the Society in Lon- 
 
DOW 
 
 DOW 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 don for Promoting Christian Know- 
 ledge. 
 
 DOWN, a maritime county of the 
 Province of Ulster, bounded on the 
 east and south by the Irish Channel; 
 on the west by the counties of Louth 
 and Armagh, from which it is partly 
 separated by Carlingford Bay and the 
 river or rather canal of Newry ; and 
 j on the north by Belfast Lough, the 
 ! comity of Armagh, and an angle of 
 Lough Neagh. The county forms the 
 south-eastern extremity of the Pro- 
 vince of Ulster, and is said to extend 
 51 English miles in its greatest length, 
 from Cranfield Point on the south- 
 west to Orlock Point on the north- 
 east, by 38 English miles in its great- 
 est breadth, from Moyallan on the 
 west to near Bally waiter on the east ; 
 the coast line from Belfast, including 
 Lough Strangford, to Newry, being 
 upwards of 130 miles. The county is 
 said to comprise 955 square miles, or 
 611,404 acres, of which 502,677 were 
 cultivated, 108,569 unimproved moun- 
 tain and bog, and only 158 acres under 
 water. The Ordnance Survey gives 
 the area at nearly 955 square miles, 
 or 611,917 acres; the land comprising 
 608,415 acres; water, 3502 acres. The 
 county is divided into seven Baronies, 
 and part of the Lordship of Newry, 
 the remainder belonging to Armagh. 
 
 1. Ards, on the east and north, be- 
 tween Lough Strangford and the sea ; 
 
 2. Castlereagh, between Lough Strang- 
 ford and the county of Antrim ; 3. 
 Dufferin, on the western shore of 
 Lough Strangford; 4. Lower Iveagh, 
 on the north and north-west towards 
 Antrim and Lough Neagh ; and Up- 
 per Iveagh, on the west and midland ; 
 5. Kinalearty, midland, between Up- 
 per Iveagh and Dufferin ; 6. Lecale, 
 on the south-east, between Strangford 
 Lough and Dundrum Bay ; 7. Mourne, 
 extending between that Bay and Car- 
 lingford Lough. 
 
 The surface of this county is re- 
 markably undulating and pleasant, 
 exhibiting much beautiful and pic- 
 turesque scenery, fertile fields, thriv- 
 ing plantations, some splendid coun- 
 331 
 
 try mansions, and numerous towns 
 and villages. There is not probably 
 in Ireland a more agreeable county 
 than Down, whether as it respects its 
 agriculture, its manufactures, or the 
 general condition of the inhabitants. 
 The vicinity to the sea prevents the 
 continuance of frosts on the east and 
 south, and the climate, though some- 
 what cold, is considered remarkably 
 salubrious. The only uncultivated 
 part of Down is the district occupied 
 by the Mourne Mountains, which ex- 
 tend from the Bay of Dundrum to 
 Carlingford Lough, and contain much 
 splendid scenery (see Mourne). This 
 mountain group is said to cover an 
 area of upwards of 90 miles. The re- 
 mainder of the county is either un- 
 der cultivation, or in what is called 
 turbary. Most of the numerous un- 
 dulating hills are arable ; the irregu- 
 larity of the surface is of advantage to 
 draining ; and the chain of cultivated 
 eminences, also well covered with 
 wood, extends under various names 
 on the northern and western side, 
 from east of Dromore, along the vale 
 of the Lagan,.and the shore of Belfast 
 Lough, to Bangor. The Hill of Scrabo, 
 at the head of Strangford Lough, 
 about 540 feet in height, is the only 
 prominently detached eminence, and 
 separates the basin of the Lagan from 
 that of Strangford Lough. 
 
 The rivers and streams of this 
 county are numerous, and enter the 
 Irish Channel, with the exception of 
 the Upper Bann. The principal of 
 these rivers are the Bann, the Lagan, 
 the Ballynahinch or Annacloy, which 
 widens into the Quoyle, studded with 
 islands, and the Newry. The Lagan 
 Navigation connects Lough Neagh 
 with Belfast Lough ; and the Newry 
 Canal, now under the control of the 
 Board of Works, aud admitting ves- 
 sels of 50 tons through the centre of 
 the Province of Ulster, connects the 
 navigable river Bann with the Bay of 
 Carlingford. The roads throughout 
 the county, though in general hilly, 
 are well constructed, and kept in ex- 
 cellent order by the Grand Jury. The 
 
DOW 
 
 DOW 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Ulster Railway, from Belfast to Ar- 
 magh, passes through the parishes of 
 Moira and Shankill ; and a Railway is 
 projected between Belfast and Holly- 
 wood. 
 
 As it respects minerals, limestone 
 abounds, especially near Moira, where 
 it affords a valuable supply of manure 
 to the north-western Baronies ; cop- 
 per ore is found in the mountains 
 about six miles north-east of Ross- 
 trevor, and also at Portaferry and 
 Clonligg, between Newtownards and 
 ' Bangor ; a lead mine has been ocea- 
 ! sionally in operation at Clonliggs ; also 
 at Ballyleady in the neighbourhood, at 
 Killough near Portaferry, at Bryans- 
 ford, and within a mile of Dundrum, 
 on the Blundell estate. In the north- 
 east quarter of the county are indi- 
 cations of coal; chalybeate spar oc- 
 curs at Newry, Dromore, Magheralin, 
 Donaghadee, Rathforeland, Ballyna- 
 hinch, and at various places through- 
 out the Barony of Ards. 
 
 The great staple trade of the coun- 
 ty is the linen manufacture, which, 
 though long previously carried on, 
 received its first impulse from the 
 French Protestant refugees who set- 
 tled in the district after the revoca- 
 tion of the edict of Nantes, and intro- 
 duced the improved machinery of the 
 Continent. M. Crommelin, who set- 
 tled at Lisburne in the reign of Wil- 
 liam III., imported a thousand looms 
 from Holland, and secured for the 
 manufacture the attention and pa- 
 tronage of the Government. The trade 
 continued to flourish after the ex- 
 port duty on Irish linens was repeal- 
 ed in the fourth year of Queen Anne. 
 There are numerous villages and 
 hamlets inhabited by weavers, but the 
 trade is most extensively followed in 
 the houses of the small farmers, and 
 in general the weavers bestow a por- 
 tion of their time in agriculture. A 
 considerable quantity of flax is grown, 
 and the importation of this seed em- 
 ploys a considerable capital in Bel- 
 fast and Newry, but the introduction 
 of linen spinning machinery has less- 
 ened the demand for the hand labour 
 332 
 
 of the scutchers and hacklers in con- 
 verting the dressed flax into thread. 
 The bleach-greens are numerous, es- 
 pecially in the valley of the Upper 
 Bann, from Tanderagie in Armagh to 
 five miles above Bannbridge in this 
 comity, and employ thousands of per- 
 sons. The waste of these bleach- 
 greens is considered valuable as a 
 manure. On the Bann, Lagan, and 
 other streams, are extensive flour- 
 mills ; and there are vitriol, salt, and 
 iron works, and factories for spin- 
 ning thread by machinery. The fish- 
 ing on the coast, from Bangor to Car- 
 lingford Bay, is pursued with con- 
 siderable industry. The herring-fish- 
 ing commences in June, and continues 
 till the beginning of winter. The 
 principal fishing ground is off the 
 Barony of Lecale, and extends from 
 Newcastle to the entrance of Strang- 
 ford Lough. In 1835 the number of 
 decked vessels was 13; tonnage, 288 ; 
 men, 67 ; half-decked vessels, 83 ; ton- 
 nage, 872; men, 363; open sail boats, 
 23; men, 92; row-boats, 358; men, 1608 ; 
 total fishermen at all the coast-guard 
 stations, 2305. The fish taken, ex- 
 clusive of herrings, are mackerel, had- 
 dock, cod, ling, plaice, bait, turbot, 
 glassan, and bream. In Carlingford 
 Bay are two great beds of oysters, 
 one off Rosstrevor Quay, two miles 
 and a half in length by one in breadth, 
 and the other one mile in length by 
 half a mile in breadth, off Killowen 
 Point. The Marquis of Anglesey is 
 the proprietor, and the fishery is open 
 to all persons paying 5s. annually. At 
 Warren’s Point the oysters sell from 
 7s. to 15s. per thousand, and are in 
 great repute throughout Ireland for 
 their excellent flavour. 
 
 Down contains numerous military 
 and ecclesiastical antiquities. Be- 
 tween Belfast and Lisburn is the re- 
 markable stone cromlech, inclosed by 
 a circular ditch nearly half an Eng- 
 lish mile in circumference, and the 
 rampart from 12 to 14 feet in height, 
 called the Giant’s Ring . On the top 
 of Slieve-Croob are numerous cairns. 
 Along the boundary with Armagh is 
 
DOW OF IRELAND. DOW 
 
 the great earthen rampart, commenc- 
 ing near Scarvagh to the neighbour- 
 hood of Forkhill in Armagh, though 
 traced considerably farther west by 
 the officers of the Ordnance Survey, 
 designated the Danes' Cast and Ty- 
 rone's Ditches, and by the native Irish 
 called Glin-na-muic-duibh, or the Glen 
 of the Black Pig. The origin of this 
 rampart is unknown. The county 
 gives the title of Marquis, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Hill. Trevor Hill, Esq., was 
 created Viscount of Hillsborough and 
 Baron Hill in 1717. Wills, second 
 Viscount, was advanced to the dignity 
 of Earl of Hillsborough and Viscount 
 Kilwarlin in 1756, and Marquis of 
 Downshire in 1789. The same noble- 
 man was created Baron Harwich, in 
 the Peerage of Great Britain, in 1756, 
 and advanced to the dignity of Earl 1 
 of Hillsborough and Viscount Fair- 
 ford, in the same Peerage, in 1772. 
 The Marquis of Downshire is He- 
 reditary Constable of Hillsborough 
 Fort. 
 
 The county assizes are held twice 
 during the year at Downpatrick, and 
 quarter sessions at the same town, and 
 at Newry, Dromore, and Newtown- 
 ards. The constabulary force is sup- 
 ported by assessment ; and the county 
 expenses are defrayed by Grand Jury 
 presentments. Down returns two 
 members to Parliament ; constituency 
 in 1840-1, 3305. Population in 1831, 
 352,012. 
 
 DOWNE, a locality in the county 
 of Down, which gives the title of Vis- 
 count, in the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the Noble Family of Dawnay, de- 
 scended from a Norman knight who 
 came to England with William the 
 Conqueror. Sir John Dawnay of 
 
 Cowick was created Viscount Downe 
 in 1680. 
 
 DOWNINGS, a parish, impropri- 
 ate rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Clare, county and Diocese of 
 Kildare. Population in 1831, 1393. 
 Post-town, Naas. 
 
 DOWNMAHON, a parish and im- 
 ; propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 333 
 
 Condons and Clongibbons, annexed 
 to the perpetual curacy of Fermoy, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. 
 
 DOWNONY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Bantry, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. 
 Post-town, Taghmon. 
 
 DOWNPATRICK, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Lecale, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Down, extending 
 along Strangford Lough, and with se- 
 veral other benefices constituting the 
 Deanery of Down. Downpatrick, 
 the county town of Down, is 74 Irish 
 miles from Dublin by Newry, Rath- 
 foreland, Castlewellan, and Clough, 
 and is one of the most ancient towns 
 in Ireland. It is situated near the 
 head of Strangford Lough, about a 
 mile above the debouch of the Quoyle 
 river. It figures in the history of 
 St Patrick, who founded the Bishop- 
 ric of Down, and made it the episco- 
 pal seat. The ruins of the old Ca- 
 thedral are close to the town, and 
 over the lofty east window were three 
 canopied niches occupied by pedes- 
 tals, on which were statues of St Pa- 
 trick, St Columb, and St Bridgid, 
 who were here interred. The town 
 also contained a Benedictine Friary, 
 a house of Crouched Friars called 
 the English Priory, a Cistertian Nun- 
 nery, and establishments belonging to 
 the Franciscan Observantines and the 
 Canons-Regular. From the death of 
 St Patrick, A.D. 493, to the Revolu- 
 tion of 1688, the annals of this place 
 consist of a series of battles, plunder- 
 ings, and burnings. James I. fixed 
 the cathedral of Down and Connor at 
 Downpatrick, but in consequence of 
 the decayed state of the edifice the 
 episcopal seat was removed to Lis- 
 burn by Charles II. The present Ca- 
 thedral, which occupies a conspicuous 
 site, and is a venerable structure, was 
 restored for Divine service in 1790. 
 
 The present town of Downpatrick 
 is divided into the English, Scotish, 
 and Irish quarters, and chiefly con- 
 sists of four main streets diverging 
 froih a point, in which are numerous 
 substantial houses. The public build- 
 
DOW 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DRI 
 
 ings are the Court-House and Jail, 
 several Hospitals, a County Infirmary 
 and Fever Hospital, the Cathedral, 
 the parish church at the west end of 
 the town, a Roman Catholic chapel, 
 a Presbyterian meeting-house, and 
 other Dissenting places of worship. 
 Here are extensive Infantry Barracks. 
 The only manufacture is that of linen, 
 but the retail trade is considerable ; 
 the weekly markets are well supplied ; 
 and fairs are held on the 8th of Janu- 
 ary, 1 7th of March, 19th of May, 22d 
 of June, 29th of October, and 19th 
 of November. The town contains 
 branches of the Provincial Bank of 
 Ireland, the Northern Banking Com- 
 pany, and the Ulster Banking Com- 
 pany. There are several schools, one 
 of which is Diocesan, founded in the 
 reign of Elizabeth, and the patronage 
 vested in the Lord- Lieutenant. Two 
 miles distant is the Race-Course, and 
 near the town are the residences of 
 Hollymount, Ballyduggan, Vianstown, 
 and Finnabrogue House. In the vici- 
 nity are a remarkable old Danish 
 mound, the ruins of Saul Abbey and 
 of Inch Abbey, the former said to 
 have been founded by St Patrick, the 
 latter by the celebrated Sir John de 
 Courcey in 1180. About two miles 
 S east of Downpatrick is an eminence 
 i called Strual Hill, in great repute 
 throughout Ireland, and the resort of 
 the lower orders of Roman Catholics 
 I during midsummer for the perform- 
 ance of penance. The ceremonies 
 commence by climbing the hill on 
 their knees, with a large stone placed 
 on the back of the neck. The ascent 
 is made in this manner three, seven, 
 or nine times, according to the cir- 
 cumstances of the case. After this 
 the devotees are turned thrice round 
 in a stone seat called St Patrick's Chair , 
 and then descend to the plain, where 
 they bathe promiscuously in St Pa- 
 trick's Well, and drink the water of 
 another consecrated well. Tents are 
 erected in the adjoining fields, and 
 j copious quaffs of whisky conclude 
 j the whole affair. Downpatrick re- 
 I turns one member to Parliament; 
 j 334 
 
 constituency in 1840-1, 530. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4784. 
 
 DOWRIE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Bunratty, county of 
 Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2099. Post-town, 
 Ennis. 
 
 DOWTH, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Upper Slane, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, on the Boyne. 
 Dowth Hall was formerly the beauti- 
 ful seat of Viscount Netterville, and 
 many Druidical remains are scattered 
 throughout the parish. Population 
 in 1831, 712. Post-town, Slane. 
 
 DRAKESTOWN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Morgallion, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1000. Post-town, Nob- 
 ber. 
 
 DRANGAN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, with a village of its name, 
 in the Barony of Middlethird, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 Population in 1831, 1616. Post-town, 
 Fethard-Tip. 
 
 DRAPERSTOWN, a village in the 
 county of Londonderry, on the road 
 from the small town of Castle-Dawson 
 to Derry and Dungiven, across the 
 Slievegallion Mountains. Fairs are 
 held at Draperstown Cross on the 
 first Friday of each month. This vil- 
 lage was formerly called Cross, but in 
 1818 the name was changed to Drapers- 
 town, on account of it belonging to 
 the Drapers’ Company of London, 
 who built the Market House, Hotel, 
 and Dispensary, for their tenants. 
 
 DREHIDTARSNA, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Coshma, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. Population in 1831, 358. Post- 
 town, Croom. 
 
 DRIMOLEAGUE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Carbery, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, on the 
 lien river. Population in 1831, 479. 
 Post-town, Bantry. 
 
 DRIMTEMPLE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Ballymoe, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Elphin, one of the parishes constitut- 
 ing the prebend of Oran. Popula- 
 
DRO OF IRELAND. DRO 
 
 tion in 1831, 2383. Post-town, Bally- 
 moe. 
 
 DRINAGH, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Carbery, county and 
 Diocese of Cork. Population in 1831, 
 4231. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 DRINAGH, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Forth, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, on 
 Wexford Haven. Population in 1831, 
 451. Post-town, Wexford. 
 
 DRINIDALY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Trim, county of Meath, on the 
 river Boyne. 
 
 DRISHANE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of West Mus- 
 kerry, county of Cork, and annexed 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, in 
 the mountainous district bordering 
 on Kerry, and intersected by the post- 
 road from Cork to Killarney by Mill- 
 street. Population in 1831, 7036. 
 
 DROGHEDA, a market and cor- 
 porate town, having a separate ju- 
 risdiction as the county of the town 
 | of Drogheda, on the banks of the 
 Boyne, about four miles from the sea, 
 24 Irish, or 30 English miles from 
 Dublin by Santry, Swords, and Bal- 
 rothery, and the same distance by 
 Ashbourne and Duleek. The portion 
 of the town on the south of the Boyne 
 is in the county of Meath, and that on 
 the north is in the county of Louth. 
 The Boyne is navigable for vessels of 
 200 tons up to the bridge. Drogheda 
 and its vicinity contain many ancient 
 ecclesiastical and military memorials 
 rapidly falling into decay, some by the 
 ravages of time, others by careless- 
 ness and wilful demolition. Milesius 
 and his followers first landed in Ire- 
 land at or near Drogheda, and here 
 his son Coalpha was either killed or 
 drowued. In A. D. 911 it was fortified 
 by Turgesius the Dane, and became 
 Ills stronghold, from which he often 
 sallied and laid waste the surround- 
 ing country; and at Duleek in the 
 vicinity was erected the first stone 
 church in Ireland (see Duleek). St 
 Patrick also founded a monastery at 
 Drogheda, afterwards known as St 
 Mary de Urso. 
 
 335 
 
 In the north quarter of the town, 
 near Sunday Gate, and adjoining the 
 site of the ancient town wall, is the 
 tower of the Dominican Convent, 
 founded in 1224 by Lucas de Netter- 
 ville, Archbishop of Armagh, under 
 the invocation of St Mary Magdalene, 
 also called the Abbey of the Preach- 
 ing Friars. The tower is a lofty 
 square structure of light and elegant 
 proportions, supported by a fine Gothic 
 pointed arch, above which are two 
 apartments, the intervening floor arch- 
 ed and groined from the angles, the 
 groins ornamented by cherubs’ heads 
 carved on stone. It contains eight 
 windows, two on each side. This 
 tower is now called the Magdalene 
 Steeple. The church was cruciform, 
 the tower rising from the centre, but 
 the body of the edifice has long been 
 destroyed, and even the foundations 
 cannot be traced. The area of the 
 church and its dependencies is now 
 divided into a number of small tene- 
 ments, with gardens attached, over 
 which the lofty tower rears its vener- 
 able head. On the 10th of March 
 I 1395, the four Irish Kings, O’Neill, 
 O’ Hanlon, O’Donnell, and Macmahon, 
 and several petty chieftains of Ulster, 
 made their personal submission to 
 Richard II. in the church of this Mo- 
 nastery, and they were afterwards 
 knighted by the King in Dublin. 
 
 In 1412, according to the Annals of 
 Ireland preserved in St Sepulchre 
 Library, Dublin, a bitter feud existed 
 between the tw r o quarters of Drog- 
 heda divided by the Boyne, which was 
 often the cause of bloodshed and loss 
 of life, not to mention broken heads , 
 which were inflicted by shillelas in 
 merciless profusion. Father Philip 
 Bennett, a friar of St Mary Magda- 
 lene’s Convent, invited the bellige- 
 rents of both parts of the town to 
 hear a sermon in the collegiate church 
 of St Peter on the Festival of Corpus 
 Christi, on which occasion he selected 
 as the subject of his theme the words 
 of the 133d Psalm — “ Behold how good 
 and pleasant it is for brethren to 
 dwell together in unity.” The worthy 
 
DRO 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DRO 
 
 Father during the discourse thrice 
 asked the audience with energy — 
 “ Will ye be united together in the 
 body of Christ?” His oratory had 
 such an effect, that Alderman William 
 Simcock exclaimed in the name of 
 all — “We will.” When the sermon 
 was concluded, a plentiful repast was 
 given to the congregation in the re- 
 fectory of the Convent, and a petition 
 was drawn up to Henry VI. signed by 
 Nicholas Fleming, Archbishop of Ar- 
 magh, which was sent to London by 
 one Robert Ball. This messenger 
 returned with a charter from the 
 King, uniting the two parts of Drog- 
 heda into one town under a Mayor, 
 and forming the county of the town. 
 The first Mayor was the above named 
 Mr Simcock. It appears from the 
 charter of Edward IV. in 1395, for 
 founding a college or university in 
 Drogheda, that there was a Corpora- 
 tion prior to the one formed in 1412, 
 and probably the feuds and bloodshed 
 occurred at contested elections, when 
 the inhabitants of both sides of the 
 river claimed the exclusive right of 
 electing the Mayor and other officers. 
 Some memorial of this civic strife and 
 reconciliation was long preserved 
 among the lower orders of Drogheda, 
 by an annual burlesque exhibited on 
 Shrove Tuesday. The Mayor of Flea 
 Lane , an obscure alley in the suburbs 
 behind Millmount, crossed the bridge, 
 and entered the north part of the 
 town mounted on a donkey in mock 
 procession, attended by his sheriffs, 
 bailiffs , and other official functionaries, 
 fantastically decorated with straw, 
 and each bearing the insignia of his 
 dignity. Several worthies disguised 
 in petticoats and masks, and armed 
 with blown bladders tied on poles, 
 cleared the way, and compelled the 
 passengers and spectators to treat 
 “His Worship” with proper respect. 
 The cavalcade was preceded by a 
 “bough,” or garland, and most dis- 
 cordant music. They paraded the 
 principal streets of the town levying 
 contributions. At the same time 
 another party entered by Laurence’s 
 336 
 
 Gate, consisting of the “ Mayor of the 
 Chord” and his followers, dressed in 
 ragged coats of soldiers, and peram- 
 bulated the town in another direction, 
 till they collected a sufficient sum of 
 money. At a particular place the 
 rival “ Mayors” met, and after a mock 
 encounter between the bladder- men, 
 which was a scene of great amusement 
 to boys and idlers, they adjourned to 
 the chord-field outside of Laurence’s 
 Gate, and spent the evening in such 
 copious potations of whisky as would 
 have induced Father Mathew to inflict 
 upon them a penance of total absti- 
 nence during life. 
 
 In 1467-8 Thomas Earl of Desmond 
 was beheaded on the North Com- 
 mons, or Hardman’s Garden, at Drog- 
 heda, by command of John Tiptoft, 
 Earl of Worcester, Lord Deputy of 
 Ireland, for exacting “ coyne and 
 livery.” His head was sent to Dub- 
 lin, and spiked at the Castle, but his 
 body was interred in St Mary Magda- 
 lene Church, where a stately monu- 
 ment was erected to him. Many of 
 the English viceroys held courts and 
 parliamentsin Drogheda; andhere, in 
 1494, was passed the famous act, called 
 Poyning*s Law, which made the Irish 
 Parliament entirely dependant on that 
 of England, and its proceedings of no 
 effect till ratified by the English mo- 
 narchs. In 1641 the progress of the 
 Northern Irish, under Owen Roe 
 O’Neill, was stopped by the resolute 
 defence of Drogheda. 
 
 In 1649 Cromwell consummated an 
 act of most inhuman barbarity, by the 
 slaughter of the garrison and inhabit- 
 ants for their adherence to Charles I. 
 His letters to Lenthall, Speaker of the 
 Long Parliament, dated Dublin, 17th 
 and 27th December 1649, narrating the 
 siege of Drogheda, and the slaughter 
 of the inhabitants, are extant. At the 
 commencement of the siege Crom- 
 well demolished the church of St 
 Mary, founded by the inhabitants in 
 the reign of Edward I., which with its 
 burving-ground occupied the south- 
 east angle of the ancient town wall, 
 where the defences were very strong 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 DRO 
 
 DRO 
 
 both by art and nature. Here the 
 wall extended along the brink of the 
 deep precipitous valley called the 
 Dale, the bottom of which is traversed 
 by a stream falling into the Boyne, 
 after supplying James’ Street Brewery 
 with water. In the present church- 
 yard are the remains of a regular bas- 
 tion and platform for cannon, the 
 only vestiges of modern fortification 
 in the entire circuit of the town walls ; 
 the site of a battery on the opposite 
 side of the Dale was long known as 
 Cromwell's Mount. Cromwell began 
 his attack by storming the strongest 
 part of the fortress, and he beat down 
 the battlements of the church tower, 
 now removed, upon which the be- 
 sieged had planted cannon. Here the 
 town wall still bears tokens of the vio- 
 lence of his attack. All who would 
 lay down their arms were promised 
 quarter, but this was only observed 
 when resistance was at an end. Many 
 confiding in Cromwell’s promise sur. 
 rendered themselves prisoners, and 
 others took refuge in the steeple of St 
 Peter’s Church, then composed of 
 wood, though the church was built 
 of stone, while the most respectable 
 of the inhabitants sheltered them- 
 selves within the body of the church. 
 Cromwell at first resolved to blow up 
 the edifice, and laid a quantity of pow- 
 der in an old open subterraneous pas- 
 sage which went under the church, 
 but he relinquished this intention, and 
 set fire to the steeple. As the people 
 rushed out to avoid the flames they 
 were slaughtered, and he then order- 
 ed all those in the church to be put to 
 the sword. It is traditionally said 
 that his troops spared neither age nor 
 sex dui'ing the first evening of the 
 storm, and they exercised the most in- 
 human cruelties on all who had the 
 misfortune to fall in their way. The 
 sight of an infant sucking the dead 
 mother near the centre of Peter Street 
 first induced Cromwell to relent, and 
 to issue an order that those only should 
 be slain who were taken with arms 
 in their hands. It appears from Crom- 
 well’s second letter to Lenthall, that 
 337 
 
 Sir Arthur Ashton the Governor, Sir 
 Edmund Verney, a number of officers 
 of rank, 220 troopers, 2500 foot sol- 
 diers, besides staff officers, surgeons, 
 and many of the inhabitants, were slain 
 at the storming of Drogheda. Instead 
 of palliating or excusing his dread- 
 ful excesses and cruelties, Cromwell 
 in his letters speaks of the besieged as 
 a body of Amalekites destined to de- 
 struction, and of himself as only the 
 executioner of the Almighty’s ven- 
 geance. “Iam persuaded,” he says, 
 “ that this is a righteous judgment of 
 God upon those barbarous wretches, 
 who have imbued their hands in so 
 much innocent blood, and that it will 
 tend to stop the effusion of blood for 
 the future.” He estimates his own 
 loss at only 100 men, but many were 
 wounded. A writer of Cromwell’s 
 life mentions this carnage as “ a sacri- 
 fice of 3000 Irish to the ghosts of 
 10,000 English whom they had mas- 
 sacred some years before.” The Par- 
 liament appointed a Thanksgiving Day 
 to be held on the first day of Novem- 
 ber throughout the whole kingdom 
 for the storming of Drogheda, and a 
 letter of thanks was voted to the Lord 
 Lieutenant of Ireland, to be duly com- 
 municated to the officers there, in 
 which notice was to be taken “that 
 the House did approve of the execu- 
 tion done at Drogheda, as an act of 
 justice to themselves, and of mercy to 
 others, who might be warned there- 
 by.” 
 
 In 1690 Drogheda resisted the at- 
 tack of a division of King William’s 
 army, when it was held for the Roman 
 Catholic party by Lord Iveagh with 
 a garrison of 1000 men, but it surren- 
 dered on the day after the battle of 
 the Boyne, which was fought within 
 two miles of its walls. This is the 
 last historical notice of any general 
 importance connected with the place. 
 Drogheda continued to be the resi- 
 dence of the Archbishops of Armagh 
 from the most ancient times till the 
 Primacy of Archbishop Robinson. 
 The Millmount, a large mound of al- 
 leged Danish origin, connected by a 
 2 F 
 
DRO 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DRO 
 
 raised causeway or bridge with a high 
 precipitous bank rising abruptly from 
 the Boyne, formed the south-west 
 angle of the town wall, and command- 
 ed the centre town on both sides of 
 the river. This was the Citadel, and 
 now contains an Infantry Barrack, 
 Military Stores, an Hospital, and other 
 edifices. The strong round tower 
 on it, called Richmond Fort, -was 
 erected during the government of the 
 Duke of Richmond, and can accom- 
 modate 200 men. It is mounted with 
 cannon, and has a bomb-proof maga- 
 zine beneath. The original St Mary’s 
 church was at first a convent of Car- 
 melites, called St Mary’s of Mount 
 Carmel. It was made subject to the 
 Prior of St Keenan’s at Duleek by 
 Walter de Lacy, and received a por- 
 tion of the tolls taken from butter at 
 St John’s Gate, locally termed the 
 Butter Gate. The present parish 
 church, erected since Cromwell’s time, 
 is a very plain and small neat struc- 
 ture, having a tower and spire. The 
 walls of the former vestry are near 
 the east end, and about 150 feet dis- 
 tant are the foundations of the tower 
 of the old church destroyed by Crom- 
 well. In John Street was the Priory 
 of St John; and an ancient round 
 tower, now removed, stood to the east 
 of Sunday Gate. The ancient col- 
 legiate church of St Peter, in which 
 Cromw’ell acknowledges he put 2000 
 persons to the sword, was a splendid 
 edifice, within the walls of which 
 Synods were often held by the Pri- 
 mates of Ireland. Its precincts con- 
 tained several oratories and chapels. 
 The steeple, recorded in Harris’ Col- 
 lections to have been the highest then 
 in the world — a most outrageous and 
 absurd statement, was thrown down by 
 a tempest in January 1578. It scarcely 
 ever recovered its dilapidation by 
 Cromwell, though it was partially re- 
 paired. In 1740 it was entirely re- 
 moved, and the present elegant parish 
 church of St Peter erected on its site. 
 A beautifully carved stone font be- 
 longed to the ancient church. It is 
 of an octagon form, the entire outer 
 338 
 
 surface elaborately carved. A part of 
 it was considerably injured by Crom- 
 well’s soldiers. It is little to the cre- 
 dit of those concerned that this beau- 
 tiful specimen of ancient carved work, 
 from which many received the initia- 
 tory rite of baptism, was in 1832 used 
 as a pig's trough. St Lawrence’s Gate 
 is a fragment of the walls which for- 
 merly environed the town. Near it 
 are some traces of the Priory of St 
 Lawrence. On the west of the town, 
 near the river, are a gable, bell tower, 
 and part of an aisle of the Priory of 
 Canons- Regular, and beyond it are 
 some vestiges of the Hospital of St 
 Mary. The Franciscan Friary on the 
 north-east side of the town is stand- 
 ing, and, though much ruined, forms 
 a striking object when approached 
 from the Dublin road. Here were 
 also the religious houses of St James 
 and St Bennet. No trace remains of 
 the Augustinian Priory founded be- 
 fore the arrival of the English. The 
 possessions of the Augustines and 
 Carmelites of the Priory of St Law- 
 rence, and of St Mary de Urso, came 
 into the hands of the Corporation by 
 charter of Queen Mary in 1557. 
 
 In many of the older parts of Drog- 
 heda the streets and lanes are very 
 narrow, and though better design is 
 displayed in the modern quarters, 
 there is a strange mixture of houses 
 and stores. The town has no fine 
 streets, and few of the public build- 
 ings are worthy of notice in an archi- 
 tectural view, but great improvements 
 have been effected; the streets are 
 lighted with gas ; and the attention of 
 the municipal authorities is directed 
 in regulating the various branches of 
 trade, and in cleaning the filthy lanes 
 and miserable suburbs. These sub- 
 urbs, extending north and south, 
 greatly disfigure the approaches. The 
 chief part of the town lies on the 
 north side of the Boyne, which is the 
 higher ground. The principal street 
 runs nearly north and south, forming 
 a part of the Great Northern Road, and 
 other good streets branch east and 
 west. About the centre of the town, 
 
DRO OF IRELAND. DRO 
 
 on the western side of the main street, 
 is the Towm House or Tholsel, a hand- 
 some edifice with a clock and cupola ; 
 and north of it, on the opposite side, 
 is St Peter’s Church, the spire of which 
 was designed by Mr Johnston of Dub- 
 lin. St Peter's Roman Catholic chapel 
 is commodious and well built ; it is a 
 fine Gothic edifice, serving as a Ca- 
 thedral, and containing the Roman 
 Catholic primatial throne. There are 
 four other Roman Catholic chapels, 
 and two nunneries, one of which, call- 
 ed the Sienna Nunnery, is a large esta- 
 blishment near the site of the Fran- 
 ciscan Friary. The Presbyterian meet- 
 ing-house is a good building, as is the 
 Methodist meeting-house. The May- 
 or's residence is a respectable edifice, 
 to which are attached the Assembly 
 Rooms, little inferior to those of Dub- 
 lin; the Theatre, though small, is neat; 
 and the Jail is a new structure. The 
 Linen Hall is a plain building. 
 
 The town has a spacious corn-mar- 
 ket, extensive cotton-spinning, flax- 
 spinning, and corn-mills, grain stores, 
 salt-works, tanneries, distillery, brew- 
 eries, and soap and candle works. The 
 meat and fish markets are well ar- 
 ranged. The Dublin and Drogheda 
 Railway is of great advantage to the 
 place ; and steamers ply regularly to 
 Liverpool, the trade with which is 
 rapidly increasing, as is its export 
 trade generally. In 1835 the value of 
 the exports amounted to L.766,027; 
 the imports, L. 259, 854. Drogheda is 
 one of the principal grain-markets in 
 Ireland, and much business is done in 
 the export of raw corn, hides, butter, 
 eggs, and every kind of agricultural 
 produce. There are branches of the 
 Bank of Ireland and of the National 
 Bank of Ireland ; and a Savings Bank 
 was instituted, in which the sum of 
 L. 17,730 had been deposited up to 
 1835. The town returns one member 
 to Parliament; constituency in 1840-1, 
 605. 
 
 Among the institutions of this towii 
 may be mentioned the Classical School 
 under the endowment of Erasmus 
 Smith, and several others, one of 
 339 
 
 which is called the Patrician School. 
 Here are an Infirmary, a Union Work- 
 house, erected under the Irish Poor 
 Law Act, and a Mendicity Associa- 
 tion, established in 1821, and provided 
 with a house rent free by the Corpo- 
 ration. The Infirmary or Hospital 
 was constituted under the provisions 
 of the act 47 George III., and is sup- 
 ported by a grant of L.50 per aunum 
 from the Corporation, voluntary con- 
 tributions, and Grand Jury present- 
 ments. There is an almshouse for 
 twenty-four aged widows; aud thirty- 
 six widows of clergymen are each pro- 
 vided with a house and L.26 per annum 
 from bequests by tw r o Archbishops of 
 Armagh. The low’er classes of the 
 population of Drogheda are miserably 
 poor, and as numerous vagrants pass 
 through the town to and from Dublin, 
 the streets are constantly filled with 
 beggars, who collect in crowds round 
 the stage-coaches, and are the great- 
 est possible annoyance to travellers. 
 There is in fact almost no resist- 
 ance of their importunities, and 
 many ludicrous scenes daily occur. 
 The linen manufacture was long the 
 staple trade of Drogheda, and the ar- 
 ticles produced for sale were dowlas, 
 sheetings, and the narrow webs called 
 market linen. In 1820 the quantity of 
 linen sealed was 53,697 pieces ; in 1821, 
 61,865 pieces ; but this trade has now- 
 declined, and there are not probably 
 above 200 weavers employed, whose 
 wages weekly rarely exceed five shil- 
 lings ! The town contains a steam- 
 power mill for spinning flax. A pin 
 manufactory was established by a 
 Manchester house in 1836, and in 1838 
 there were 260 young persons em- 
 ployed. The concern had proved so 
 successful that theproprietors, in 1840, 
 were looking out for the site of another 
 work in a populous part of the county 
 of Louth. The poorer classes in most 
 instances use weeds and brambles for 
 fuel, being unable to purchase coal, 
 though it is sold at the low price of 
 from 12s. to 14s. per ton, imported in 
 considerable quantities from Work- 
 ington and Whitehaven in England. 
 
The port and harbour are under 
 the direction of Commissioners con- 
 stituted by acts of Parliament, in room 
 of the Corporation. The sum of 
 L.6000 has been received from time 
 to time for the improvement of the 
 quays and river. Vessels of 250 tons 
 can come up to the bridge, and the 
 channel of the Boyne could be ren- 
 dered vastly more serviceable for na- 
 vigation. The tonnage receipts vary 
 considerably, for in 1834 the amount 
 was L. 11,668, and in 1835 it was re- 
 duced to L.5829. The town is watch- 
 ed, paved, and lighted by rates levied 
 by authority of acts of Parliament. 
 The expenses of paving within the 
 walls are defrayed by the Corpora- 
 tion; that of the roads and streets, 
 without the walls, by Grand Jury pre- 
 sentments. Drogheda is the first town 
 on the North-East Circuit. Assizes are 
 held twice during the year before the 
 Mayor and the Judges of Assize ; a 
 civil bill court is also held twice a 
 year before the assistant barrister of 
 the county of Louth ; and petty ses- 
 sions once a fortnight. In 1841 one 
 weekly newspaper was published in 
 the town. 
 
 The Corporation, by the Municipal 
 Act of 1838, is designated the Mayor, 
 Sheriffs, Burgesses, and Commonalty 
 of the Town of Drogheda. The town 
 is divided into the West Gate, Fair 
 Gate, and Laurence Gate Wards, each 
 ward returning two Aldermen and six 
 Councillors. The Corporation estates 
 in 1837 consisted of 2032 acres, be- 
 sides houses and other property, pro- 
 ducing an annual average revenue of 
 L.4500. It was estimated that these 
 estates, if out of lease, would produce 
 L.12,000 per annum. The town is 
 composed of the parishes of St Peter, 
 St Mary, and Ballymakenny. Fairs 
 are held at Drogheda on the 12th of 
 May, 22d of June, 26th of August, and 
 29th of October. The salmon-fishery 
 on the Boyne was once very valuable, 
 and the fish were in great repute for 
 their flavour. This fishing has also 
 declined, but it could be made very 
 profitable. 
 
 340 
 
 The stranger at Drogheda should 
 visit the village of Old Bridgetown, 
 within four miles of the town, me- 
 morable for the decisive victory of 
 the Boyne gained by William III. over 
 his father-in-law, James II. The pre- 
 cise spot where the main body of the 
 English crossed the Boyne during 
 the action, and where the Duke of 
 Schomberg was killed while in the 
 act of leading on his troops, is mark- 
 ed by an elegant obelisk 150 feet in 
 height, having an appropriate inscrip- 
 tion on each side of the pedestal. 
 Near the obelisk, on the left bank of 
 the river, is the fine seat of Townley 
 Hall, and opposite is that of Oldbridge. 
 A little below, on the same side of 
 the river, is Dowth House, former- 
 ly the residence of the Noble Family 
 of Netterville. In this demesne 
 is the old Danish encampment, 286 
 feet high, called the Moat of Dowth. 
 Several villas and hamlets are on the 
 south and north sides of the estuary 
 of the Boyne below Drogheda; and 
 two miles distant are the mansion of 
 Bealieu, and the neat hamlet of 
 Queenborough. On the shore is the 
 straggling village of Baltray, and 
 within four miles is the village of 
 Termonfeckan, near which are the 
 mansions of Newton House and Rath, 
 and a part of the old castle once the 
 residence of Archbishop Usher. On 
 the road to Anagassan, by the village 
 of Togher, is the residence of Car- 
 town, and a mile beyond is that of 
 Blackhall. 
 
 Drogheda gives the title of Mar- 
 quis, in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 Noble Family of Moore. Sir Garret 
 Moore, Knight, M. P. for Dungarvon, 
 was created Baron Moore of Melle- 
 font, in 1616, and Viscount Moore of 
 Drogheda in 1621. Henry, third Vis- 
 count, was advanced to the dignity of 
 Earl of Drogheda in 1661. Charles, 
 sixth Earl, was created Marquis of 
 Drogheda in 1791, and Baron Moore 
 of Moore Place, in the county of 
 Kent, in the Peerage of Great Britain, 
 in 1801. Population of the town in 
 1831, 17,365. 
 
DRO 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DRO 
 
 DROM, or Dromsperane, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Elio- 
 garty, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, constituting a part of 
 the corps of the Treasurership of 
 Cashel cathedral. The village of its 
 name i 3 three miles from Templemore. 
 Population in 1831, 1951. 
 
 DROMACOO, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Dunkellin, coun- 
 ty of Galway, and annexed Diocese of 
 Kilmacduagh, on the Bay of Galway. 
 It includes the village of Killeen, and 
 the inhabited island of Eddy. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1044. 
 
 DROMAGH, a small town in the 
 parish of Cullen, county of Cork, in 
 a very bleak district, but valuable for 
 its coaleries, on the north bank of the- 
 Blackwater. Fairs are held in May, 
 August, and November. Potters’ 
 clay is found, and a coarse pottery is 
 manufactured for Mallow, Millstreet, 
 Mitchelstown, and other towns. Here 
 are bolting-mills, a distillery, and se- 
 veral works. The castle of Dromagh 
 was built by the O’Keefes, near the 
 Blackwater. The Crown lands of 
 Pobble O’Keefe consist of 9000 sta- 
 tute acres. The proprietor has leased 
 his extensive and valuable coal-field 
 to the Hibernian Mining Company of 
 Ireland. Post-town, Millstreet. 
 
 DROMAHAIRE, or Drumahair, 
 a Barony of the county of Leitrim, 
 comprising seven parishes and some 
 villages. It is occupied by the Slieve- 
 an-Erin Mountain group, on the ver- 
 dant sides of which numbers of black 
 cattle are pastured. These mountains 
 are furrowed by numerous torrents. 
 Ironstone is found in great abundance. 
 Considerable improvements were ef- 
 fected in this Barony in 1841. A level 
 fence and 2029 perches of road were 
 constructed from Manor-Hamilton to 
 ! Drumshanbo, between Cornamorrow 
 and Greyfield ; 728 perches of road 
 from Manor-Hamilton to Sligo, be- 
 tween the former place and Shan- 
 vass ; and 135 perches on the road to 
 Enniskillen, to avoid the Church Hill 
 at Manor-Hamilton. Several bridges 
 were also built, and 611 perches of 
 
 road were formed on another line 
 from Manor-Hamilton to Sligo, in the 
 Half Barony of Rorelogher. 
 
 DROMAHAIRE, a village in the 
 Barony of its name, parish of Drum- 
 luce, prettily situated on the Bonnet 
 river. This place, with the surround- 
 ing country, has been greatly im- 
 proved by G. L. Fox, Esq. the pro- 
 prietor. Here are several schools, 
 and a manufactory of coarse pottery. 
 Fairs are held in January, June, July, 
 and October. In the village are the 
 ruins of a castle built by O’Rorke, and 
 adjoining to it is the “Hall,” erected 
 by Sir W. Yilliers, and now repaired. 
 Adjoining are the remains of Creevelea 
 Abbey and some other religious ruins. 
 On the banks of the river is the neat 
 villa of Friartown, near the ruins of 
 Harisson’s Castle. 
 
 DROMALEAGUE, a village six 
 miles from Dunmanway, county of 
 Cork, where is the cross-road leading 
 to Skibbereen. The surrounding 
 country is wild, bleak, and hilly, but 
 considerably improved by a new line 
 of road. Here is the residence of 
 Butler’s Gift, and near it the ruins of 
 Castle-Donovan. Three miles beyond 
 it is the Murdering Glen, and six miles 
 farther on is the town of Bantry. 
 
 DROMARAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in each of the Baronies 
 of Upper and Lower Iveagh,_ and of 
 Kinnalearty, county of Down, on the 
 Lagan river. On the estate of the 
 Marquis of Downshire is a valuable 
 slate quarry. Here is a large sepul- 
 chral tumulus, containing an apart- 
 ment eight yards in length by two in 
 breadth, entered by a passage three 
 feet in height. In the village is a 
 Presbyterian meeting-house. Fairs j 
 are held on the 6th of February, 20th 
 of March, 1st of May, 19th of June, 
 7th of August, 18th of September, 6th 
 of November, and 18th of December. 
 Population in 1831, 10,129. Post-town, 
 Dromore. 
 
 DROMARD, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Tyreragh, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala, on the Bay of Ardinglass. Po- 
 
- ■ « ■ - ■ -- W .., — .. ■ - . 
 
 DRO THE GAZETTEER DRO j 
 
 pulation in 1831, 2560. Post-town, 
 Colooney. 
 
 DROMCLIFFE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Islands, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. In the district is a portion of 
 an ancient pillar tower. Population 
 in 1831, 14,083. Post-town, Ennis. See 
 Ennis. 
 
 DROMCLIFFE, or Drumcliffe, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Carbery, county of Sligo, and Diocese 
 of Elphin, on the coast, and inter- 
 sected by the post-road from Bally- 
 shannon to Sligo. A monastery is 
 alleged to have been founded here by 
 St Columba during the sixth century, 
 and it was afterwards erected into a 
 Bishop’s See, long annexed to that of 
 Elphin. The present parish church 
 occupies the site of the ancient one, 
 at the base of the Benulbin Mountains, 
 and is adorned by an elegant spire. 
 Near it are some remains of a pillar 
 tower, and also an antique cross of 
 good sculptured workmanship. There 
 are several villages and hamlets. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 13,956. Post-town, 
 Sligo. 
 
 DROMCO LLIHER, a village in the 
 parish of Castletown, county of Lime- 
 rick. Here are two schools founded 
 and endowed by Robert Stenelly, Esq. 
 The post-town of Charleville is about 
 nine miles distant. 
 
 DROMDEELY, or Tomdeely, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Lower Connello, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick. The rec- 
 tory is one of nine benefices which 
 constitute the Precentorship of Lime- 
 rick. This parish is situated on the 
 Shannon. Post-town, Rathkeale. 
 
 DROMIN, a parish in the Barony 
 of Ardee, county of Louth, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh. Population in 
 1831, 855. 
 
 DROMIN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Coshma, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick, on 
 I the Margue river. Population in 1831, 
 1178. Post-town, BrufF. 
 
 DROMINAGH, one of the extensive 
 coaleries on the north bank of the 
 342 
 
 Blackwater, on the route from Mallow j 
 to Killarney. 
 
 DROMINEER, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Lower Or- 
 mond, county of Tipperary, and Dio- ■ 
 cese of Killaloe, on the Shannon. It 
 is one of the benefices constituting 
 the corps of the Deanery of Killaloe. 
 Post-town, Nenagh. 
 
 DROMISKIN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony and county of 
 Louth, Archdiocese of Armagh, on j 
 Dundalk Bay. Population in 1831, 
 2465. Post-town, Castle-Bellingham. , 
 
 DROMKEATH,also Greenmount, ( 
 a village in the parish of Kilsaran, | 
 county of Louth, on the road from 
 Dublin to Belfast, near Castle-Bel- ; 
 lingham. Here is the beautiful de- : 
 mesne of Greenmount. 
 
 DROMKEEN, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of ! 
 Emly. Population in 1831, 546. Post- | 
 town, Pallas-Green. 
 
 DROMLINE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Bunratty, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe, the rectory forming part of the 
 Union of Tomfinlogh, and the vicar- j 
 age being part of the corps of the 
 Treasurership of Killaloe cathedral. 
 Population in 1831, 1182. Post-towD, 
 Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 DROMOD, or Drumod, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Iveragh, county of Kerry, and United 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on 
 BaUinaskelligs Bay, at the debouch of 
 the Inny. Population in 1831, 4600. 
 Post-town, Cahirciveen. 
 
 DROMOD, or Dbumod, a village 
 in the parish of Annaghduff, county 
 of Leitrim, on the expansion of the 
 Shannon called Lough Boffin, on the 
 road from Longford to Carrick-on- 
 Shannon, Boyle, and Sligo. It is 
 seven miles from Newton-Forbes, 
 three miles from Mohill, and about 
 two miles from Rusky Bridge. The 
 wooded promontories and undulating 
 hills in this quarter are part of the 
 demesne of Derrycairn, the very beau- 
 tiful seat of Francis Nisbett, Esq., a 
 
DRO OF IRELAND. DRO 
 
 gentleman whose family have done 
 much to improve the town and neigh- 
 bourhood. Here are extensive iron- 
 works, the property of Mr Nisbett. 
 Several fairs are held during the year. 
 
 DROMORE, a Bishop’s See in the 
 Archiepiscopal Province of Armagh, 
 comprising the western part of the 
 county of Down, and partially ex- 
 tending into Antrim and Armagh. 
 The greatest length of the Diocese 
 from north to south is about 3G Eng- 
 lish miles, and the greatest breadth 
 from east to west is nearly 22 English 
 miles, containing 26 parishes, which 
 constitute 25 benefices. In 1834 there 
 were 27 parochial edifices of the Church 
 of Ireland, 34 Roman Catholic chapels, 
 45 Presbyterian meeting-houses, and 
 24 meeting-houses belonging to other 
 Dissenters. In the same year the po- 
 pulation of the Diocese was 188,209, of 
 whom 41,737 were members of the 
 Church of Ireland, 76,275 were Roman 
 Catholics, 69,264 were Presbyterians, 
 and 933 were Dissenters of various de- 
 nominations. There were 233 schools, 
 educating 16,987 young persons, 23 of 
 which schools were in connection with 
 the National Board of Education. The 
 Chapter of Dromore consists of the 
 Dean, Precentor, Chancellor, Trea- 
 surer, Archdeacon, and one Prebend- 
 ary. By the act of 1833 this See be- 
 comes incorporated with the united 
 Diocese of Down and Connor by 
 avoidance, and its revenues are vested 
 in the Board of Ecclesiastical Com- 
 missioners. The founder of the See 
 is said to have been St Colmau, but 
 little is known of its early history, and 
 there is no regular succession of 
 Bishops till the twelfth century, after 
 the arrival of the English. It is pro- 
 bable that the See had been previous- 
 ly united to Armagh, as its revenues 
 were then very inconsiderable; but 
 in 1841 the income was stated to be 
 L.4216. Among its Bishops were Dr 
 Jeremy Taylor, who had the admini- 
 stration of the Diocese granted to him 
 by Charles II., in addition to that of 
 Down and Connor, and Dr Thomas 
 Percy, Dean of Carlisle, the celebrated 
 343 
 
 collector of English ballad poetry. 
 There is a “ Presbytery of Dromore,” 
 comprising in 1841 ten congregations. 
 
 DROMORE, which signifies the 
 great back of a hill or declivity , an 
 episcopal city, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Lower Iveagh, coun- 
 ty of Down, on the river Lagan, and 
 great north road between Dublin and 
 Belfast, 66 miles from the former city, 
 and 14 miles from the latter town, six 
 miles from Bannbridge, and four miles 
 from Hillsborough. The town is to- 
 lerably neat and well built, is improv- 
 ing, and is the seat of a thriving linen 
 market. The Market House is a sub- 
 stantial edifice, in an open and spa- 
 cious area. No vestiges of the old 
 Cathedral, of the Abbey of Canons- 
 Regular, and of the Franciscan Friary, 
 now remain. The present Cathedral, 
 which is used as the parish church, 
 was built by Bishop Jeremy Taylor, 
 who is here interred. The rectory 
 and vicarage constitute the corps of 
 the Chancellorship, and the Deanery 
 is in the gift of the Crown. Here is 
 a district Diocesan School, founded 
 in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the 
 patronage of which is vested in the 
 Lord-Lieutenant. Adjoining the town 
 is the Episcopal Palace, erected du- 
 ring the incumbency of Bishop Ber- 
 nard. The plantations around it were 
 formed by Bishop Percy, who is said 
 to have adopted those of Shenstone’s' 
 seat of the Leasowes as his model. 
 Near the church are two alms-houses 
 for clergymen’s widows, supported by 
 the incumbents of the Diocese. On the 
 banks of the Lagan, close to the town, 
 is a mineral spring in considerable 
 repute, and on the north side is a 
 Danish mound 60 feet high, with three 
 concentric entrenchments, having a 
 covered communication with the La- 
 gan by a passage 260 feet in length. 
 The town contains a Roman Catholic 
 chapel and two Presbyterian meeting- 
 houses. Fairs are held on the 7th of 
 March, 12th of May, 1st of August, 
 10th of October, and 12th of Decem- 
 ber. Two miles from Dromore, on 
 the Lurgan road, is Gillhall, the de- 
 
DRU THE GAZETTEER DRU 
 
 mesne of the Earl of Clanwilliam, and 
 near it Islanderry, and several villas. 
 Population in 1831, 1942; of the pa- 
 rish, 14,912. 
 
 DROMORE, a village in the parish 
 of Kilnahoy, county of Clare, near 
 Lough Tadon. Fairs are held in June 
 and September. Post-town, Corofin. 
 
 DROMORE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Omagh, 
 county of Tyrone, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. The village is five miles 
 west of Fintona, on the cross-road 
 from Omagh to Enniskillen. Here 
 are a Roman Catholic chapel and a 
 Presbyterian meeting-house. Fairs 
 are held on the 1st of February, 17th 
 of March, 1st and 27th of May, 24th 
 of June, 1st of August, 29th of Sep- 
 tember, 1st of November, and 24th 
 of December. Population in 1831, 
 10,422 ; of village, 415. 
 
 DROMORE (LOUGH), a narrow 
 lake which separates Lord Viscount 
 Cremorne’s fine demesne of Dawson 
 Grove from Bellamont Forest, on the 
 route from Navan and Nobber to 
 Clones, near Cootchill. See Coote- 
 hill. 
 
 DROMORE-WEST, a small village 
 in the county of Sligo, on the road 
 from Ballisadere to Ballina, 14 miles 
 from the former, and 12 miles from 
 the latter. It is situated on the Esky 
 rivulet, which issues from the small 
 lake called Lough Esky. Adjoining 
 are the church and glebe house, and 
 the residence of Dromore. 
 
 DROMSPERANE. See Drom. 
 
 DROUGHSHONE (LOUGH), is a 
 small lake in the county of Cavan, on 
 the road from Kingscourt to Coote- 
 hill, about two miles from the village 
 of Shercock. Near it is the residence 
 of Northland. 
 
 DRUM, a village in the parish of 
 Currin, county of Monaghan, four 
 miles from Cootehill. Fairs are held 
 on the first Tuesday of each month. 
 Here are the parish church, a Roman 
 Catholic chapel, and two Presbyterian 
 meeting-houses. The small neat 
 town of Newbliss is upwards of four 
 miles north of Drum. 
 
 344 
 
 DRUM, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Carra, county of Mayo, and 
 Diocese of Elphin. Population in 1831, 
 3497. Post-town, Crossmalina. 
 
 DRUM, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Athlone, coun- 
 ty of Roscommon, and Diocese of 
 Tuam, not far from the Shannon. It 
 is annexed to the parish of Moore or 
 More, and both comprise 8835 acres. 
 Drum is also called Edardrieim, and 
 contains the villages of Drumglass 
 and Carricknaughten. The parish 
 church occupies the site of an abbey 
 founded in the fifth or sixth century. 
 Population in 1831, 4957. Post-town, 
 Athlone. See Athlone. 
 
 DRUMACHOSE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ken- 
 naught, county of Londonderry, and 
 Diocese of Derry, on the river Roe. 
 In the parish is a Presbyterian meet- 
 ing-house. Population in 1831, 5280. 
 Post-town, Newtown-Limavady. 
 
 DRUM ADO ON, a village in the 
 parish of Ramoan, county of Antrim. 
 Fairs are held on the 9th of June and 
 26th of November. Post-town, Bal- 
 lyeastle. 
 
 DRUMAHAIR. SccDromahair. 
 
 DRUM AN A, a village in the parish 
 of Affane, county of Waterford, on 
 the Black water, at. its junction with 
 the Finisk. Near it is the splendid 
 seat of the Noble Family of Villiers, 
 Earls Grandison, a Peerage extinct in 
 1766, and again in 1800. Fairs are held 
 in June and September. Post-town, 
 Dungarvan, eight miles distant. 
 
 DRUM AUL, or Drumall, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Upper Half Ba- 
 rony of Toome, county of Antrim, and 
 Diocese of Connor, on the Maine 
 river, including the town of Randals- 
 town. Population in 1831, 9737. Post- 
 towns, Antrim, five miles distant, and 
 Randalstown. See Randalstown. 
 
 DRUMBALLYRONEY, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Upper 
 Iveagh, county of Down, and Diocese 
 of Dromore. Population in 1831, 
 8544. Post-town, Rathfriland. 
 
 DRUMBANAGHER, a parochial 
 district in the Barony of Orior, coun- 
 
DRU 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DRU 
 
 ty and Archdiocese of Armagh, on 
 the Newry Canal. Here is a Presby- 
 terian meeting-house. About a mile 
 to the east of the demesne and small 
 lake of Lochgilly is Drumbanagher 
 House, a fine modern mansion in the 
 Italian style, from a design by Mr 
 Playfair, and built entirely of Scotish 
 sandstone. The higher terrace in 
 front commands a fine view of the fer- 
 tile district eastward. About a mile 
 from this mansion is the village of 
 Poyntzpass. Post-town, Newry. 
 
 DRUMBEG, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Castle- 
 reagh and Belfast, counties of Down 
 and Antrim, and Diocese of Connor, 
 on the Lagan river. The rectory 
 forms part of the corps of the Arch- 
 deaconry of Down. The parish school 
 is partly supported by the Marquis of 
 Donegal, and by Erasmus Smith’s 
 foundation. This district is in the 
 immediate environs of Lisburne. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2883. See Lisburne. 
 
 DRUMBOE, or Drumbo, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Orior, 
 county and Diocese of Down, on the 
 Lagan. This parish forms part of the 
 corps of the Archdeaconry. A mo- 
 nastery is said to have been founded 
 here by St Patrick, the site of which 
 is occupied by a church — a stately edi- 
 fice now in ruins, at the north-west 
 angle of which is an ancient pillar 
 tower. Ir the parish are a Roman 
 Catholic chapel and a Presbyterian 
 meeting-house. Population in 1831, 
 6429. Post-town, Lisburne. 
 
 DRUMCANNON, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Middle- 
 j third, county and Diocese of Water- 
 ■ ford, containing 4219 acres, the half of 
 which are in cultivation. The only 
 hills are those of Carriglong and 
 Pickardstown, partly in pasture and 
 partly arable. At Castletown, Duagh, 
 Pickardstown, and Coolnagopogue, 
 and at Ballynattin, are spa wells. Tra- 
 more is the only village in the district, 
 and indeed in the entire Union, which 
 1 consists of the parishes of Drumcan- 
 non, Ballynakill, Ballygunner, Kilmac- 
 league, Killmacoombe, andtheimpro- 
 345 
 
 priate rectory of Killbarry, hut the 
 groups of cabins are numerous. There 
 are several residences, though none of 
 any particular note. On the estate of 
 Grantstown is an endowed school 
 called the Blue Coat School, of which 
 the Bishop, Dean, and Mayor of Wa- 
 terford, are ex officio trustees. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 4835. Pcst-town, Wa- 
 terford. 
 
 DRUMCAR, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ardee, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, in the Union of Dunleer. 
 On the right road from Dunleer to 
 Dundalk is the demesne of Drumcar, 
 watered by the small river Dee, and 
 on the left is the residence of Charle- 
 ville. Population in 1831, 1634. Post- 
 town, Dunleer. 
 
 DRUMCLIFF, a poor village about 
 five miles from Sligo, on the road to 
 Ballyshannon, near the base of the 
 Benulben Mountain. Here are a 
 church, two ancient crosses, and the 
 remains of a round tower. Accord- 
 ing to tradition, this village was in 
 former times a place of some import- 
 ance, and at one time possessed seve- 
 ral magnificent stone churches, and 
 1500 houses of oak. 
 
 DRUMCLIFF. See Dromcliffe. 
 
 DRUMCOLUMB, or Drumcollum, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Tiragliril, county of Sligo, and Dio- 
 cese of Elphin, a short distance from 
 Lough Gaira. A religious house was 
 founded here by St Columb, the site 
 of which is occupied by the parish 
 church. Population in 1831, 1652. 
 Post-town, Ballymote. 
 
 DRUMCONDRA, a picturesque 
 village in the parish of Clonturk, 
 county of Dublin, about two miles 
 from Dublin, on the Tolka river, or- 
 namented by several elegant villas 
 among which are the noble mansion’ 
 erected by Sir Marmaduke Coghill, 
 and the splendid residence called Pri- 
 mate’s Hill. The parish church is in 
 the village, and in the cemetery the 
 celebrated antiquary Captain Francis 
 Grose lies interred. See Dublin. 
 
 DRUMCONRATH, a parish and 
 
DRU 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DRU 
 
 rectory in the Barony of Lower Slane, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. The vil- 
 lage of its name is romantically situ- 
 ated 32 miles from Dublin, and ten 
 miles from Slane, on the road to Car- 
 rickmacross. Here is a small inn, at 
 which post-horses can be obtained. 
 The surrounding country is beautiful- 
 ly undulated, and between Drumconra 
 and Carrickmacross, though hilly, the 
 surface is raised and broken by low 
 meadow lands, marshes, lakes, and 
 bogs. Population in 1831, 2967. Post- 
 town, Nobber. 
 
 DRUMCREE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of O’Neilland West, 
 county and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 on the river Bann. The inhabitants 
 of the hamlets are chiefly engaged in 
 spinning and weaving linen. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 12,355. Post-town, Porta- 
 down. 
 
 DRUMCREE, a small village in 
 the parish of Kilcumney, county of 
 Westmeath, about four miles from 
 Castletown-Delvin, and five miles 
 from Castle-Pollard. In the vicinity 
 are the demesnes of Drumcree, Derry 
 Cottage, and Ralphsdale, which great- 
 ly improve a district otherwise bleak 
 and boggy. A short distance beyond 
 Drumcree is the village of Collinstown. 
 
 DRUMCREEHY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Burrin, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kilfe- 
 nora, forming part of the corps of the 
 Treasurersliip. Population in 1831, 
 4415. Post-town, Ennistymon. 
 
 DRUMCUL1.IN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Eglish or 
 Fir cal, King’s County, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 3113. 
 Post-town, Birr, or Parsonstown. 
 
 DRUMDA, a village in the parish 
 of Boyle, county of Roscommon, four 
 miles from the town of Boyle, on 
 Lough Arrow. 
 
 DRUMDOWNEY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Duhallow, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 
 l annexed to the vicarage of Bally clogh. 
 
 Post-town, Buttevant. 
 
 ) DRUMENAGH. See Innis-mac- 
 
 : SAINT. 
 
 346 
 
 DRUMFREY, a parochial chapelry 
 in the Barony of ldrone, county of 
 Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin, in 
 the Union of Fermagh. Post-town, 
 Leighlin Bridge. 
 
 DRUMGATH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Upper Iveagh, 
 county of Down, and Diocese of Dro- 
 more. Population in 1831, 4448. Post- 
 town, Rathfriland. 
 
 DRUMGLASS, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Dungannon, in 
 the vicinity of the town of Dungan- 
 non, county of Tyrone, and Archdio- 
 cese of Armagh. The Drumglass 
 coaleries, the most extensive in the 
 Province of Ulster, are leased from the 
 Archbishop of Armagh by the Hiber- 
 nian Mining Company. These coal- 
 eries are about a mile from the town 
 of Dungannon. See Dungannon. 
 
 DRUMGOFF, a locality in the 
 county of Wicklow, on the road from 
 the little village of Roundwood to the 
 Arklow road, a short distance above 
 the Avoca inn. At the cross-roads 
 of DrumgofF is a small inn, and here 
 is a large edifice, once a Barrack, on a 
 raised platform in the valley, now oc- 
 cupied by the workmen in the adjoin- 
 ing lead-mines of Ballinafinchoge. 
 The upper part of Glenmalure, the 
 finest of the Wicklow glens, extends 
 about five miles from the head to be- 
 low DrumgofF Barrack. 
 
 DRUMGOOLAND, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Upper 
 Iveagh, county of Down, and Diocese 
 of Dromore, in the rocky and sterile 
 district of the Slieve Croob range, on 
 which is a large Druidical cromlech. 
 Population in 1831, 10,281. Post-town, 
 Rathfriland. 
 
 DRUMGOON, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Clonkea 
 and Tullaghgarvey, county of Cavan, 
 and Diocese of Kilmore. Population 
 In 1831, 12,029. Post-town, Cootehill. 
 
 DRUMHOLM, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Tyrhugh, county 
 of Donegal, and Diocese of Raphoe. 
 Population in 1831, 8502. Post-to wn 
 Ballyshannon. 
 
 DRUMKEERAN, a parish, rectory 
 
DRU OF IRELAND. DRU j 
 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Large, 
 county of Fermanagh, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. Population in 1831, 8522. 
 Post-town, Kesh. 
 
 DRUMKERIN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Innismagrath, county of Lei- 
 trim, six miles from Dromahair, at 
 which several fairs are held. It is 
 situated near the upper end of Lough 
 Allen, and near it is the residence of 
 Grouse Lodge, 15 miles from Carrick- 
 on-Shannon, on the road to Manor - 
 Hamilton. 
 
 DRUMKEY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Newcastle, 
 county of Wicklow, and Diocese of 
 Dublin and Glendalough. See Wick- 
 low. 
 
 DRUMKRIN-ST MARY’S, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Coole, county of Fermanagh, 
 and Diocese of Clogher. Population 
 in 1831, 3751. Post-town, Belturbet. 
 
 DRUMLANE, or Drumlaghan, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Lower Half 
 Barony of Loughtee, county of Cavan, 
 and Diocese of Kilmore, comprising 
 part of the town of Belturbet. See 
 Belturbet. 
 
 DRUMLARGIN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Upper Deece, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 168. Post-town, Sum- 
 merhill. 
 
 DRUMLEASE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Dromahair, 
 county of Leitrim, and Diocese of 
 Kilmore, watered by the Bonnet river, 
 on the banks of which St Patrick is 
 said to have founded a monastery, and 
 placed it under the charge of a certain 
 St Benignus. Population in 1831,3901. 
 Post-town, Dromahair. 
 
 DRUMLISH, a small village in the 
 parish of Killow, county of Longford, 
 at which fairs are held in the months 
 of May, August, September, and De- 
 cember. Post-town, Langford. 
 
 DRUMLOM AN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Clonmahon, 
 county of Cavan, and Diocese of Ar- 
 dagh, in the Union of Granard. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 8007. Post-town, 
 Granard. 
 
 347 
 
 DRUMOD. See Dromod. 
 
 DRUMMULLY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Clon- 
 kelly, Coole, and Knockninny, county 
 of Fermanagh, and Diocese of Clog- ! 
 her, containing several villages. Po- 1 
 pulation in 1831, 667. Post-town, 
 Clones. 
 
 DRUMNOUGII POINT, a head- 
 land about a mile north of the small 
 sea-port and fishing village of Rusk, ' 
 county of Dublin, on which is a mar- i 
 tello tower. 
 
 DRUMQUIN, a village in the parish 
 of Drumragh, county of Tyrone, six 
 miles west of Omagh, on the road to 
 Castle Derg, and at the northern base 
 of the mountain Dooish. Here is a 
 Presbyterian meeting-house, and fairs 
 are held on the 17th of January, 21st 
 of March, 2d of May, 9th of June, 15th 
 of August, 17th of September, 9th of 
 November, and 12th of December. 
 Post-town, Omagh. 
 
 DRUMRAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Omagh, 
 county of Tyrone, and Diocese of 
 Derry. Population in 1831, 11,289. 
 Post-town, Omagh. 
 
 DRUMR ANY, or Drumrath, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Kilkenny West, county of Westmeath, 
 and Diocese of Meath. The monas- 
 tery founded in the sixth was burnt 
 by the Danes in the tenth century. 
 Population in 1831, 3494. Post-town, 
 Bally more. 
 
 DRUMRAT, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Corran, county of 
 Sligo, and Diocese of Achoury, in the 
 Union of Emlyfadd. Population in 
 1831, 1616. Post-town, Ballymote. 
 
 DRUMREILLY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Carrigallen 
 and Dromahair, county of Leitrim, 
 and Diocese of Kilmore. Population 
 in 1831, 9278. Post-town, Ballina- 
 more. 
 
 DRUMSHALLON, a parochial dis- 
 trict in the Barony of Ferrard, county 
 of Louth, the rectorial tithes of which 
 belong to the Precentorship of Christ 
 Church, Dublin. 
 
 DRUMSHANBO, a small village in 
 
DUA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 the parish of Kiltoghert, county of 
 Leitrim, at the lower end of Lough 
 Allen, not far from the hamlet of 
 Drumkeerin. Ironstone w as former- 
 ly wrought on an extensive scale in 
 this quarter. Fairs are held in Feb- 
 ruary, May, June, July, October, and 
 November. Post-town, Cashcarri- 
 gan. 
 
 DRUMSNA, a small market and 
 post village in the parish of Annagh- 
 duff, county of Leitrim, on the Shan- 
 non, four miles from Dromod, on the 
 road to Sligo by Carrick-on-Shannon 
 and Colooney. This village is pro- 
 bably one of the neatest in Ireland, 
 and is a rural gem of a place, contain- 
 ing neat and comfortable houses. In 
 the vicinity are several picturesque 
 residences, among which may be men- 
 tioned Mount Campbell (Rowley, 
 Bart.) and Charlestown (Bang, Bart.) 
 Here are extensive flour-mills, and 
 within a mile of the place is a strong 
 sulphureous spa of great efficacy in 
 cutaneous disorders. Fairs are held 
 in this pretty village in May, June, 
 August, October, and December. 
 
 DRUMSNAT, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony and county of Mo- 
 naghan, Diocese of Clogher. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3411. Post-town, Mo- 
 naghan. See Monaghan. 
 
 DRUMSWORDS, a village in the 
 parish of Killevan, county of Monagh- 
 an. Post-town, Newbliss. 
 
 DRUMTARIFF, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Duliallow, 
 county of Cork, and annexed Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 5926. Post-town, Kan- 
 turk. 
 
 DRUMTULLAGH, a parochial dis- 
 trict in the Barony of Carey, county 
 of Antrim, and Diocese of Connor. 
 Post-town, Ballymoney. 
 
 DRUNG, or Drojjg, a populous 
 parish and vicarage in the Baronies of 
 Loughtee Upper and Tullaghgarvey, 
 county of Cavan, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more. Population in 1831, 6015. Post- 
 town, Cavan. 
 
 DUAGH, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Clanmaurice, county of 
 348 
 
 DUB 
 
 Kerry, and united Diocese of Ardfert 
 and Aghadoe. Population in 1831, 
 3750. Post-town, Listowell. 
 
 DUBLIN, the metropolis of Ireland, 
 a county of a city, the seat of the Go- 
 vernment, and an Archiepiscopal see, 
 is situated on both sides of the Liffey 
 at its entrance into the Bay of Dublin. 
 It occupies the eastern termination of 
 the great central plain whicn extends 
 from the Irish Sea to the Atlantic on 
 the west. So much has been said and 
 written of this celebrated Metropolis, 
 that in a work like the present a 
 mere sketch can only be attempted, 
 and indeed the observation of Dr 
 Johnson regarding Edinburgh is also 
 applicable to Dublin — that it is “ a 
 city too well known to admit descrip- 
 tion.” 
 
 The Irish Metropolis boasts of high 
 antiquity, and historians allege its 
 existence from the time of Ptolemy, 
 A. D. 140, who notices a town in the 
 same parallel under the name of Ebla- 
 na. The names Dublin, Dyflin , and 
 Dyvelm , are so many varieties of the 
 Irish Dubh-linn, or Black Pool , which 
 is considered the correct etymology. 
 The city was long very generally 
 known among the Irish as Bally- Ath- 
 Cliath, or the town of the ford of 
 hurdles, from a common practice, be- 
 fore the erection of bridges, of ford- 
 ing the Liffey by means of hurdles 
 laid down where it was intended to 
 pass. The origin of the city is vari- 
 ously ascribed to the Ostmen or Danes, 
 and to a certain sea- king named Avel- 
 lanus. The former are said to have 
 fortified a rath, on the exact spot occu- 
 pied by the cathedral of Christ Church, 
 w here they excavated large vaults or 
 crypts, in one of which St Patrick is 
 believed to have performed the offices 
 of religion. Avellanus, on the other 
 hand, selected the site not only be- 
 cause the Bay seemed to him com- 
 modious, the Liffey a fine river, and 
 the valley, extending west to the At- 
 lantic, the most fertile in the island, 
 but because he was convinced that it 
 would become the metropolis of Ire- 
 land if ever the kingdom came under 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 the sway of one monarch. The city long 
 continued under the authority of the 
 Danes, but it is clear from King Ed- 
 gar’s charter, dated Gloucester, A.D. 
 904, and from a coin of Ethelred, the 
 successor of Edward the Martyr, son 
 of Edgar, that the Saxon Kings of 
 England had, even in those early times, 
 dominion over Dublin and other dis- 
 tricts of Ireland. Ethelred’s coin was 
 struck at Dyjelin , and the legend on the 
 reverse contained the mint-master’s 
 name. About A. D. 1005, Malachy 
 King of Leinster marched to Dublin 
 and burnt the suburbs, but he was 
 | unable to obtain possession of the city 
 I on account of the solidity of the walls, 
 
 [ which had been repaired by the 
 1 Danes a few years previous. In A. D. 
 
 I 1170, when Strongbow at the English 
 1 invasion besieged the city, the cele- 
 i brated De Cogan lodged close to the 
 ! walls, and two gates are then mention- 
 j ed — St Mary's Gate, on the east side 
 j of the city, and the South Gate. After 
 j the conquest of Ireland the citizens 
 j were compelled to repair the fortifi- 
 j cations and strengthen the walls. A 
 ; writ to this effect was sent by King 
 John to the Lord Justice Fitz-Henry 
 in 1205, when the Castle was ordered 
 to be built. From a description in the 
 Annals of Ireland, published by Cam- 
 den at the end of his Britannia, and 
 ascribed to Christopher Pembrige, it 
 appears, according to the authors of 
 the History of the City of Dublin, 
 published in 1818, that the ancient 
 walls were carried from Wine Tavern 
 Gate along the south side of Cork 
 Street till they joined Owen’s Arch, 
 which was a portal to the city. They 
 were continued north of Owen’s 
 churchyard, now St Audeon’s, to a 
 fort called Fagan’s Castle in Page’s 
 Court, which was another portal, and 
 thence to Newgate. The walls of the 
 city, including those of the castle, did 
 not extend an Irish mile in their 
 largest extent. 
 
 A glance at ancient Dublin will en- 
 able those who are familiar with the 
 localities to contrast it with the pre- 
 sent state of the city. The walls were 
 349 
 
 carried from the north tower of the 
 Castle by the garden of Cork House, 
 formerly the churchyard of St Mary 
 les Dames, to Dames Gate, which stood 
 on Cork Hill, opposite an alley re- 
 spectively known as Scarlet Alley and 
 Salutation Alley. Cork Hill received 
 its name from a house erected on it 
 in the reign of Charles I. by the great 
 Earl of Cork, afterwards the Old Ex- 
 change, but removed since 1766. 
 Dames Gate, also the Eastern Gate , 
 and St Mary's Gate, so called from 
 the church already mentioned within 
 the walls, and which gave its name to 
 Dames Street, looked towards Hoggin 
 Green, now College Green. It had 
 towers and a portcullis, and was one 
 of the narrowest entrances into the 
 city. Previous to the Reformation 
 an image of the Virgin Mary occu- 
 pied a stone niche over the gate. At 
 that period the sites of Crane Lane, 
 Essex Street, the Old Custom House, 
 Temple Bar, and Fleet Street, were 
 covered with water, and near the foot 
 of Dames Gate was a small harbour, at 
 which Archbishop Allen got into a boat 
 in 1534, when intending to retreat to 
 England to avoid the fury of Thomas 
 Fitzgerald, who had broken out into 
 rebellion, and was his mortal enemy. 
 This slough was reclaimed, and the 
 river embanked with quays in the 
 reign of Charles II. Near Essex 
 Bridge was another entrance called 
 Essex Gate, erected on the site of 
 Isod’s Tower in 1675, and so named in 
 compliment to Arthur Earl of Essex, 
 then Lord- Lieutenant. The wall was 
 then carried westward along the course 
 of the Liffey, from Case’s Tower to 
 the end of Fishamble Street, at which 
 stood a castle called Prontefort’s and 
 also Fyan’s Castle, probably from fa- 
 milies to whom it belonged. The wall 
 was next continued along Wood Quay 
 to Wine Tavern Street, where was 
 another castle, and being carried par- 
 allel to the river, it joined a castle, 
 under which was one of the principal 
 entrances, opposite Bridge Street, one 
 of the most ancient streets in the city. 
 Bridge Gate, on the south side of the 
 
 2 G 
 
DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 old bridge, erected in the reign of 
 King John, was built in 1316 to oppose 
 the attempts of Edward Bruce and 
 the Scotish invaders. The wall was 
 carried to New Row, and up the hill 
 to Cutpurse Row, at the end of which 
 was the prison of Newgate, long ago 
 removed. It passed along the rear of 
 Back Lane from the Corn Market to 
 Nicholas Gate, thence between Ross 
 Lane and Bride’s Alley to Pool Gate, 
 afterwards Werburgh Gate ; and it 
 joined the Castle in a straight line at 
 Bermingham Tower. The only pass- 
 I age to the river was by the old bridge 
 at the end of Bridge Street, subse- 
 quently known as Dublin Bridge and 
 Friars’ Bridge, from the Dominican 
 Friars who replaced the one of King 
 John’s reign, and repaid themselves 
 by a toll. This bridge was removed 
 in 1816, and is now supplanted by 
 Whitworth Bridge. 
 
 From the year 840 to 1171 Dublin 
 was, in common with many other por- 
 tions of Ireland, infested by the Danes. 
 On Good Friday, the 23d of April 1014, 
 however, these troublesome invaders 
 received a severe check at the famous 
 and bloody battle of Clontarf, fought 
 between the Irish, headed by Brian 
 Boroimhe, monarch of Ireland, and 
 the Danish forces commanded by 
 Sitric, King of the Ostmen, in which 
 the former were triumphant, although 
 Brian received his death-wound in the 
 arms of victory in the 12th year of his 
 reign, and the 88th of his age. The 
 memory of this gallant fight is still 
 fondly cherished by the Irish, with 
 whom the name of Brian is as “ fami- 
 liar as household words.” From the 
 year 1172 the ancient history of Dublin 
 is almost inseparably connected with 
 that of Ireland. When Henry II. landed 
 from England in 1172 he marched to 
 the city, and made it his place of resi- 
 dence. We are told that, as there 
 was then no house capable of receiv- 
 ing him, he was “ under the necessity 
 of hastily erecting, near St Andrew’s 
 Church, a long pavilion like a cabin, 
 composed of smooth wattles after the 
 fashion of the country, which being 
 350 
 
 DUB 
 
 well furnished with plate, household 
 stuff, and good cheer, made a better 
 appearance than ever had been before 
 seen in Ireland.” Here the King re- 
 ceived those native chieftains who 
 came to do homage. It is said that 
 Henry held a Parliament in Dublin, 
 but if he did so no records of it are 
 preserved. Having established courts 
 of justice and granted English laws, 
 after the residence of a few months 
 he left Dublin and Ireland under the 
 government of Hugh de Lacy, Robert 
 Fitzstephen, and Maurice Fitzgerald, 
 whose talent, rank, and possessions he 
 presumed would prove a powerful 
 counterbalance to Earl Strongbow, of 
 whom he was jealous. Before his 
 departure he invited over an English 
 colony from Bristol, and encouraged 
 them to settle by a charter granting 
 them peculiar privileges, the original 
 of which is still preserved in the ar- 
 chives of the city. This colony seems 
 to have soon amalgamated with the 
 Irish and Ostmen who remained after 
 the seizure of Dublin by Miles de 
 Cogan. In 1176-7, Earl Strongbow 
 died at Dublin, and was buried in 
 Christ Church Cathedral, where the 
 monument to his memory is still to 
 be seen. His death was caused by a 
 disease in the foot, which the credu- 
 lity of the age ascribed to St Brigid 
 and St Columb, whose churches he 
 had plundered ; and tradition alleges 
 he was heard saying that he saw the 
 former saint killing him. This was 
 poor revenge on the part of those 
 holy men. A Synod was held in the 
 city in that year by Vivian the Papal 
 Legate, in which King Henry’s title 
 to Ireland and the Pope’s ratification 
 were published. About this time reli- 
 gious houses were founded, and among 
 these were the Abbey of St Thomas 
 a Becket by William Fitz-Aldelm, 
 the King’s butler, in 1175, the Ca- 
 nons of St Victor by Henry II. in 
 1177, and in 1188 the Priory of St 
 John the Baptist on the north side of 
 Thomas Street by Alured de Palmer. 
 In 1178 we find the above named Wil- 
 liam Fitz-Aldelm, chief governor of 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 Ireland, engaged in the singular oc- 
 cupation of removing a pretended 
 relic, called the Staff of Jesus, from 
 Armagh to Dublin, and depositing it 
 in Christ Church Cathedral, to the 
 great pecuniary benefit of the worthy 
 canons. In 1190 a great part of the 
 city was accidentally destroyed by 
 fire. During this year Christ Church 
 was rebuilt by Archbishop John Co- 
 myn, who also at the same time erect- 
 ed St Patrick’s Church on the site of 
 one founded by St Patrick, which was 
 afterwards constituted a cathedral by 
 Archbishop Henry de Loundres his 
 successor. In 1202 the Cistertian 
 Priory of St Saviour was founded 
 near the old bridge by William Earl 
 of Pembroke. It was given in 1224 
 to the Dominicans, and occupied the 
 site of the Courts and Law Offices; 
 and in 1204 numbers of the citizens 
 fell victims to the plague. 
 
 King John visited Dublin during 
 the lifetime of his father King Henry, 
 under the title of Earl of Moreton. 
 In 1205 he authorized Myler Fitz- 
 Henry, Lord Justice of Ireland, to 
 erect the Castle, which was completed 
 in the year 1220 by Archbishop Henry 
 de Loundres, who was constituted 
 Lord Justice in 1213. King John again 
 visited Ireland in 1210, after his suc- 
 cession to the Crown, when a number 
 of the Irish chiefs tendered their alle- 
 giance. He divided such parts of the 
 kingdom as were in his possession 
 into counties, instituted courts of 
 judicature in Dublin, and appointed 
 judges, circuits, and corporations. 
 John also caused to be drawn up an 
 abstract of the English laws and cus- 
 toms, to which he affixed his seal, and 
 deposited the documents in the Ex- 
 chequer in Dublin. When he de- 
 parted, he committed the govern- 
 i ment to John de Gray, Bishop of 
 j Norwich, who caused a coinage of 
 J pence and farthings, which had an 
 equal currency in both kingdoms. 
 
 Archbishop Comyn died in 1212, 
 and was succeeded by Archbishop de 
 i Loundres. In 1215, King John grant- 
 , ed a licence to erect abridge over the 
 351 
 
 Liffey. In 1216 his successor, Henry 
 III., granted the Magna Charta to the 
 Irish, a copy of which is preserved in 
 the Red Book of the Dublin Exche- 
 quer. On the following year a fee- 
 farm of the city was assigned to the 
 inhabitants at the rent of 200 marks 
 annually. During that year a S\nod 
 was held in Dublin by Archbishop de 
 Loundres. In 1224 the citizens made 
 a voluntary loan to Henry III. of 366 
 marks, to assist him in an expedition 
 against Hugh de Lacy, which were 
 soon afterwards repaid, with the sum 
 of 50 marks towards the rebuilding of 
 the city walls. During this year the 
 customs paid in Dublin were 3d. for 
 every sack of wool, 6d. for the last of 
 hides, and 2d. for every barrel of 
 wine. In 1227 Henry III. enjoined 
 that the charter granted to the Irish 
 should be kept inviolable, confirmed 
 the charter of his father King John, 
 and fixed the boundaries of the city 
 and the jurisdiction of the magi- 
 strates. In this year the Anglo-Irish as- 
 sembled in Dublin, and invited Hugh, 
 son of Charles, the Red-handed O’Con- 
 nor, King of Connaught, to a confer- 
 ence. He was made prisoner soon 
 after his arrival, but he was rescued 
 from the middle of the Court-House 
 by his cousin William Mareschal at 
 the head of his troops, and conveyed 
 in safety to his own territories. 
 
 In 1235 the Monastery of St Francis 
 was founded in Francis Street by 
 Ralph de Porter; and in 1259 the 
 Monastery of the Holy Trinity was 
 founded by the Talbots, on the site 
 recently occupied by the Crow Street 
 Theatre. The Carmelite, or White 
 Friars’ Monastery, was built in 1278 by 
 Sir Robert Bagot, Chief-Justice of the 
 King’s Bench, near Longford Street. 
 In 1282 and 1283 the city suffered 
 severely by accidental fires. The 
 steeple, chapter- house, dormitory, and 
 cloisters of Christ Church, were de- 
 stroyed in the latter conflagration, 
 but were soon repaired by the zeal of 
 the citizens. Their exertions on this 
 occasion were soon forgotten, as we 
 find them three years afterwards ex- 
 
DUB 
 
 DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 communicated by “bell, book, and 
 candle,” for “ encroaching on the 
 Church,” viz. on the ecclesiastical im- 
 munities or emoluments. In 1301 a 
 great part of the city was again burnt, 
 including St Werburgh’s Church; 
 and in 1304 a similar calamity occur- 
 red, when Bridge Street, the Quay, 
 the Church of the Dominicans, and a 
 portion of St Mary’s Abbey, with 
 many other places, were laid in ruins. 
 
 In 1308 a marble cistern, for the 
 benefit of the inhabitants, was con- 
 structed by John le Decer, Mayor of 
 Dublin, who also built a bridge over 
 the Liffey near the Priory of St Wol- 
 stan, a chapel dedicated to the Virgin 
 in the Franciscan Monastery, and a 
 similar one in St John’s Hospital. 
 The munificence of this magistrate to 
 the Dominicans is also duly recorded. 
 Two years afterwards the citizens 
 witnessed a curious spectacle. The 
 bakers were drawn on hurdles at the 
 tails of horses through the streets. 
 This was a year of great scarcity, and 
 those worthies had been convicted of 
 using false weights, and committing 
 other dishonest practices. A more 
 interesting notice occurs about this i 
 time. In 131 1 the first attempt of the 
 English settlers to establish an aca- 
 demical institution in Ireland was 
 made by Archbishop Lock or Leek. 
 This appears to have failed, but nine 
 years afterwards, in 13*20, a kind of 
 University , as it is called, was erected 
 in St Patrick’s Church by Archbishop 
 Alexander Bicknor. 
 
 When the Scots invaded Ireland 
 under Edward Bruce in 1315, the citi- 
 zens of Dublin distinguished them- 
 selves in various proceedings. Bruce 
 marched to Dublin, and made a show 
 of a siege. Before his approach the 
 citizens burnt a considerable part of 
 the suburbs. They set fire to Tho- 
 mas Street by common consent, but 
 unfortunately the flames destroyed St 
 John’s Church, without Newgate, and 
 the Magdalene Chapel. The Scots di- 
 lapidated St Mary’s Abbey, and plun- 
 dered St Patrick’s Church, after which 
 they retired to Naas. In 1328 an un- 
 352 
 
 fortunate person was burnt on the 
 College Green for blasphemous opi- 
 nions set forth by him. He had the 
 hardihood to assert that the Scrip- 
 tures were a mere fable, and that the 
 Holy See was an imposture and usurp- 
 ation. 
 
 Passing over a number of local no- 
 tices, we find Richard II. landing at 
 Waterford in 1394 with an army of 
 30,000 fo.ot and 4000 horse. He march- 
 ed to Dublin, where he continued 
 some time, and bestowed the honour 
 of knighthood on four Irish princes 
 in Christ Church. He revisited Dub- 
 lin in 1399, but his sojourn was cut 
 short by the rebellion of the Duke of 
 Lancaster. This monarch erected the 
 city into a marquisate for his favour- 
 ite Robert de Vere, whom he created 
 Duke of Ireland. Richard was suc- 
 ceeded by Henry IV., a monarch to 
 whom the citizens appear to have 
 been very fondly attached. In 1405 
 they made a descent on Wales in his 
 defence, and on many other occasions 
 manifested their loyalty and affection. 
 The monarch, in testimony of his gra- 
 titude foY these services, granted a 
 licence, in the year 1407, that the 
 Mayor of Dublin for the time being, 
 and his successors, should have a gild- 
 ed sword borne before them. This 
 piece of civic pageantry is observed 
 with religious precision to this day. 
 In subsequent times the citizens 
 were considerably involved in re- 
 pressing the aggressions of the war- 
 like native Irish. Several Parlia- 
 ments were held in Dublin from 
 1408 to 1420. In 1434 the Mayor and 
 Community did penance by walking 
 barefooted through the streets to 
 Christ Church, St Patrick’s, and St 
 Mary’s Abhey, for taking the Earl of 
 Ormond prisoner, and for insulting 
 and maltreating the Abbot of St 
 Mary’s Abbey. In 1461 ChristChurch 
 was considerably injured by a storm, 
 and jewels, relics, ornaments, vest- 
 ments, writings, and important docu- 
 ments, greatly damaged. It is grave- 
 ly narrated, that though the chest in 
 which the Staff of Jesus and other re- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 lies were deposited was completely 
 broken, the said staff was found lying 
 without the least damage on the top 
 of the rubbish. It would be curious 
 to know the history and adventures 
 of this staff, \ and if it is still in exist- 
 ence. A few years previous to this, 
 another w T onderful occurrence is re- 
 corded to have happened in Dublin. 
 In 1452 the river Liffey was entirely 
 dry for two minutes. 
 
 The attachment of the citizens to 
 the House of York induced them to 
 acknowledge the impostor Lambert 
 Simnel, who was crowned King in 
 Christ Church by the title of Edward 
 I VI. in 1486. The crown used on this 
 j occasion wasborrowedfromtheimage 
 ' of the Virgin set up over Dames Gate, 
 
 ! and Simnel was carried from the 
 i church to the Castle on the shoulders 
 I of one Darcy of Platten, a person of 
 1 gigantic stature, amid the acclama- 
 I tions of the populace. Gerald, or 
 ! Garrett, Earl of Kildare, Lord Deputy, 
 
 1 the Lords of the Council, the Arch- 
 bishop of Dublin, and other persons 
 of distinction, were the chief actors 
 in this affair. The citizens found it 
 necessary to send a submissive letter 
 ; to Henry VII. for their conduct. The 
 ! King was inclined to clemency, and 
 sent Sir Richard Edgecombe to ad- 
 minister the oaths of obedience to the 
 Earl of Kildare and others in 1488. 
 This ceremony was performed in 
 Christ Church. Kildare, however, 
 subsequently gave the Government 
 an infinitude of trouble, and one of 
 his sons actually besieged Dublin in 
 1500. In 1512 he had a serious quar- 
 rel with the Earl of Ormond in St 
 Patrick’s Church, which they pro- 
 faned by a regular discharge of ar- 
 rows at each other, some of which 
 stuck fast in the images in the rood 
 loft. The Pope thought proper to 
 interfere, and as a punishment the 
 J Mayor was ordered to walk barefoot- 
 ed through the city in procession 
 every year before the Sacrament or 
 Host on Corpus Christi Day. It is said 
 that this foolish penance was rigor- 
 ously observed till the Reformation. 
 353 
 
 DUB 
 
 The rash rebellion of Lord Thomas 
 Fitzgerald threatened to be of serious 
 consequence to the city in 1534-5. 
 This nobleman was the son of that 
 Earl of Kildare who died in impri - 
 sonment in London, and grandson of 
 the powerful Earl of Kildare already 
 mentioned, whose adventures and 
 feuds are conspicuous in Irish history. 
 Lord Thomas Fitzgerald had been 
 left Lord Deputy during his father’s 
 absence. It was publicly asserted 
 that the Earl had been beheaded, and 
 the son resolved to revenge his death 
 upon the English, and all who had 
 opposed him in Ireland. He disdain- 
 fully returned the King of England’s 
 sword to the Council, murdered the 
 Archbishop of Dublin (John Allen) 
 at Artaine near the city, and appear- 
 ed before the city in open rebellion. 
 When he surrendered the royal sword, 
 and defied the authority of the King, 
 he rode through Dublin to §t Mary’s 
 Abbey, accompanied by 140 horsemen 
 clad in mail, and distinguished by silk 
 fringes about their head-pieces, which 
 procured for him the soubriquet of 
 Silken Thomas. He appeared before 
 the walls with a powerful force, and 
 the citizens were induced through 
 fear to admit a detachment of his 
 troops to besiege the Castle ; but be- 
 ing informed that he had been re- 
 pulsed in another quarter, they sud- 
 denly closed the gates, and detained 
 his men prisoners. Lord Thomas 
 now attacked the city with fury, and 
 attempted to take it by a coup de main, j 
 He found, however, that the place 
 was too strong for such a feat, and he 
 raised the siege on the condition that 
 his captured soldiers should be ex- 
 changed for the children of some of 
 the principal citizens who had fallen 
 into his hands. Lord Thomas was 
 afterwards taken prisoner and sent 
 to London, where he was confined in 
 the Tower. The services and suffer- 
 ings of the citizens of Dublin were 
 gratefully rewarded by Henry VIII., 
 who, by letters patent, dated 1538, 
 granted them the estates of the dis- 
 solved Monastery of All-Hallows, 
 
DUB THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 which lay in several counties, con- 
 firmed a very advantageous grant by 
 Richard III., and bestowed other fa- 
 vours. 
 
 The Reformation commenced in 
 Dublin in 1535, by the consecration of 
 George Brown, an Augustine Friar of 
 London, as the first Protestant Arch- 
 bishop. He renounced the Papal su- 
 premacy, and removed the relics and 
 images from the two Cathedrals in 
 the city, substituting the Creed, the 
 Lord’s Prayer, and the Decalogue in 
 gilt frames. In 1541 the Prior and 
 Convent of Christ Church were con- 
 stituted the Dean and Chapter. On 
 Easter Sunday 1550 the Liturgy was 
 read in English for the first time in 
 Christ Church, and printed in the 
 following year by Humphrey Pow r ell 
 — supposed to have been the first book 
 printed in Ireland. 
 
 Archbishop Brown was deprived 
 in 1554 by Queen Mary, and the Ro- 
 man Catholic ritual was restored; but 
 the accession of Queen Elizabeth, who 
 was duly proclaimed in Dublin in No- 
 vember 1558, was followed by the de- 
 position of the Papal Hierarchy. Di- 
 vine service was celebrated in English 
 before the Earl of Sussex, Lord Lieu- 
 tenant; and Thomas Lockwood, the 
 Dean, was ordered to remove all relics 
 and images from the church, to paint 
 the edifice, and to inscribe passages of 
 Scripture on the walls instead of pic- 
 tures. Large Bibles, it is stated, were 
 placed in the choirs of St Patrick’s 
 and Christ Church ; numbers resorted 
 to read them, and such an anxiety 
 was evinced for the perusal of the 
 Scriptures, that a bookseller, named 
 John Dell, sold 7000 copies in two 
 .years, after they were brought to Ire- 
 land in 1566. In 1560 the Queen caused 
 the Castle to be repaired for her Vice- 
 roys. For many years after this the 
 annals of Dublin are merely of local 
 importance. In 1583 a dispute was 
 determined by combat within the walls 
 of the Castle between two of the 
 O’Connors, in presence of Adam Lof- 
 tus, Archbishop of Dublin, and Sir 
 Henry Wallop, Lords Justices, and the 
 354 
 
 Council. In 1591, on the 13th of March, 
 the first stone of Trinity College was 
 laid by Thomas Smith, Mayor of the 
 city, and it was opened three years 
 afterwards in 1593. 
 
 When the Civil War broke out in 
 1640, a conspiracy to seize the Castle 
 was detected on the eve of the day on 
 which it w r as to have been effected, 
 and the city was thus preserved from 
 falling into the hands of the rebels. 
 In 1644 a census of the citizens was 
 taken, 3767 males and 4392 females, of 
 whom 5551 were Protestants, and 2608 
 were Roman Catholics. The city w r as 
 besieged by the Irish army in 1646, 
 but without success, as the Marquis of 
 Ormond, Lord Lieutenant, had put it 
 in a tolerable state of defence, and it 
 is said the Marchioness and other 
 ladies of distinction actually assisted, 
 by carrying loads of earth to repair 
 the fortifications. In 1647, however, 
 his Lordship was compelled by ex- 
 treme necessity to surrender it to 
 Colonel Jones, commander of the Par- 
 liamentary forces, rather than allow 
 the Roman Catholic Confederates to 
 obtain possession. Colonel Jones was 
 appointed Governor of Dublin, and 
 soon afterwards obtained a victory 
 over the Irish at Dungan Hill, where 
 6000 of them fell, and only 20 on the 
 Parliamentary side. On the follow 7 - 
 ing year he repaired and strengthened 
 the fortifications. In 1649 the Mar- 
 quis of Ormond attempted to recover 
 the city, and marched to Rathmines, 
 whence he commenced the siege, but 
 he was completely defeated, and with 
 difficulty effected his escape. On the 
 same year Cromwell arrived at Dub. 
 lin with a large force, and marched 
 to the siege of Drogheda. In 1652 a 
 High Court of Justice was constituted 
 in the city, as in other parts of Ire- 
 land, for the trial of those accused 
 of murders and outrages committed 
 by the Roman Catholic leaders during 
 the Rebellion, and Sir Phelim O’Neill 
 and others were condemned and exe- 
 cuted. 
 
 On the resignation of Richard 
 Cromwell as Protector, the Castle of 
 
DUB 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DUB 
 
 Dublin was surprised by a party of 
 officers favourable to the royal cause., 
 and though immediately retaken for 
 the Parliament by Sir Hardress "Wal- 
 ler, he was obliged to surrender it 
 after a siege of five days. The Re- 
 storation followed, and Charles II. 
 complimented the city with a collar 
 of SS. About this time Dr Michael 
 Boyle and eleven clergymen were con- 
 secrated Bishops for the several Sees 
 | in St Patrick’s Cathedral. A plot was 
 j formed by a party of military adven- 
 | turers to seize the Castle in 1663, but 
 ! the Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieuten- 
 ! ant, obtained timely notice of it from 
 j the Earl of Orrery and Sir Theophi- 
 lus (Colonel) Jones, and the design 
 was frustrated. In 1665, the style of 
 Lord was conferred on the Mayor, 
 and Sir Daniel Bellingham was the 
 first chief magistrate of the Irish me- 
 tropolis who bore that title, since en- 
 joyed by his successors. 
 
 A number of local improvements 
 were effected during subsequent years. 
 In 1680 the Royal Hosjiital of Kilmain- 
 ham, for the reception of invalids, was 
 founded by charter. In 1688 the Pro- 
 testant citizens suffered severely from 
 the Earl of Tyrconnel, who filled their 
 churches with soldiers, and made the 
 edifices storehouses f$r arms taken 
 from the inhabitants. He is even ac- 
 cused of causing the monuments and 
 graves to be opened, and the bodies 
 to be tumbled out of the coffins, under 
 the pretence of searching for arms. 
 When King James II. landed at Kin- 
 sale in March 1689, to attempt the re- 
 covery of the British crown, he march- 
 ed to Dublin, and made a triumphal 
 entrance into the city. In a carriage, 
 preceding the King, sat the Earl of 
 Tyrconnel bearing the Sword of State. 
 James was mounted on a charger, 
 wearing the Order of the Garter, hav- 
 ing the Earl of Granard and Lord 
 Powis on his right ; and the Duke of 
 Berwick and Lord Melfort on his 
 left. When he approached that part 
 of the city called the Liberty, a silken 
 canopy had been erected, and 40 young 
 females, selected from the different 
 355 
 
 convents, clad in white silk, walked ! 
 before him, strewing the contents of j 
 baskets of flowers on his way to the | 
 Castle. The bands of the different I 
 regiments played the Jacobite air — 
 The King shall have his own again ; 
 and the people set up shouts of en- 
 thusiasm. James held a Parliament 
 in the city, in which the Act of Settle- 
 ment was repealed, nearly 3000 Pro- 
 testants were attainted, and Trinity 
 College was made a Barrack for sol- 
 diers. James erected a mint for coin- 
 ing money from the “ worst kind of 
 brass, old guns, and the refuse of met- 
 als melted down together, valued at 
 about 3d. or 4d. a pound weight, which 
 by proclamation, dated June 18, were J 
 made current, so that 20s. of this 
 money were not intrinsically worth I 
 twopence!'* Archbishop King ealeu- j 
 lated that the sum coined of this I 
 money, from the commencement of ' 
 the mint to the Battle of the Boyne, 
 amounted to L. 965, 375, but another 
 statement makes it L. 1,596,799. “ In i 
 
 this wretched sort of money,” con- 
 tinues the annalist of Dublin, “ the 
 Popish soldiers were paid their sub- 
 sistence, and the Protestant trades- J 
 men and creditors were obliged to 
 receive it for their goods and debts *, 
 and it was reasonably computed that 
 they lost about L. 60, 000 a month by 
 this cruel stratagem. The Governor j 
 of Dublin, the Provost-Marshal, and 
 his deputies, to hang all who refused 
 it, and several were imprisoned.” It 
 seems that even this miserable coin- 
 age became exhausted, and James was 
 preparing a pewter circulation, when 
 the victory of the Boyne annihilated 
 his hopes. He fled to Dublin from 
 that memorable battle, of which he 
 had been an inactive spectator, and 
 was among the first to announce his 
 own defeat in the capital. He re- 
 paired to the Castle, where he was 
 met by Lady Tyrconnell. “ Your coun- 
 trymen, madam,” meaning the Irish, 
 he said, while ascending the staircase, 
 
 “ can run well.” “ Not quite so well 
 as your Majesty,” was her Ladyship’s 
 severe retort, “ for I see you have 
 
DUB 
 
 DUB THE GAZETTEER 
 
 won the race.” James slept that night 
 in the Castle, and the next day rode 
 to Waterford, a distance of 200 Eng- 
 lish miles, in the space of 24 hours. 
 He there immediately embarked for 
 France. It is said that as he was pass- 
 ing along the quay a gust of wind car- 
 ried off his hat, and as it was night, 
 General O’Farrell, an old officer in the 
 Austrian service, presented him with 
 his own. James took it without any 
 ceremony, observing, as he placed it on 
 his head, that if he had lost a crown , 
 he had gained a hat ! As it respects 
 the spurious money, Tyrconnell called 
 it in by proclamation, dated Limerick, 
 in 1691, commanding all persons to 
 certify the sums they possessed to the 
 “ Lords of the Treasury,” viz. Lords 
 Gormanstown, Merrion, and River- 
 ston, that they should not he losers 
 “ when it pleased God to restore the 
 King.” 
 
 The sudden flight of James from 
 Dublin was caused more by his own 
 fears than from necessity, as William 
 advanced by slow marches, not wish- 
 ing to find his father-in-law in the 
 city. On his arrival he encamped at 
 Finglas, and entered the capital on the 
 following day, when he went in state 
 to St Patrick’s Cathedral to return 
 thanks for his victory. In October 
 1 695 the rolls, records, acts of attainder, 
 and other documents passed by James, 
 were publicly burnt. During this year 
 | the Four Courts for the administra- 
 : tion of justice were begun in Christ 
 I Church Lane at the expense of the 
 ! Crown, on the site of the ancient 
 I Palace of the Archbishops of Dublin 
 built about 1038. In 1697 the parish 
 of St Michan’s was divided into New 
 Michan’s, St Paul’s, and St Mary’s, 
 and churches erected in the latter by 
 assessment of the parishioners. This 
 year an act was passed for the erection 
 of lamps within the city. The Lord 
 Mayor was likewise presented with a 
 royal donative collar of SS., worth 
 nearly L.1000, the former one having 
 been lost or stolen during the troubles 
 of the Revolution. William III. also 
 gave L.3000 to Trinity College for the 
 356 
 
 erection of some additional buildings ; 
 and in 1701, on the anniversary of the 
 Battle of the Boyne, his statue in lead 
 on horseback, on a marble pedestal, 
 erected by the citizens, was opened 
 with great solemnity on College Green . : 
 In 1704 the foundation of the Royal i 
 Barracks was laid. 
 
 After 1695, when the arbitrary pro- 
 ceedings of the abdicated Government ; 
 were publicly cancelled, the improve- 
 ment of Dublin was resumed, and till 
 the period of the Union proceeded 
 with great rapidity. The walls almost 
 entirely disappeared during the ex- 
 tension of the city in the eighteenth 
 century. The use of brick and stone 
 was not general in private buildings 
 till after the Restoration, but at the 
 present time there are few or no re- 
 mains of dwelling houses even of that 
 date. The Castle, though occupying 
 a very ancient site, contains a very 
 small portion of the original building, 
 and the chief objects of antiquarian 
 interest are Christ Church and St 
 Patrick’s Cathedral. The Tholsel, 
 where the merchants kept their ex- 
 change, has completely disappeared. 
 Barrack Bridge is the oldest of the 
 bridges, occupying the site of a wooden 
 one constructed in 1671. In a city 
 such as Dublin there are continual al- 
 terations and improvements ; new 
 public edifices require to be erected 
 for accommodation ; and new institu- 
 tions are founded, or old establish- 
 ments are removed, to more commo- 
 dious structures. A glance at some 
 of the erections of the eighteenth cen- 
 tury will sufficiently demonstrate this, 
 showing that while some still remain, 
 others are changed. In 1704 the foun- 
 dation-stone of the City Workhouse 
 was laid at the west end of St James’ 
 Street by the Duchess of Ormond ; in 
 1707 the erection of the Old Custom 
 House in Essex Street was begun; 
 and in 1720 Stevens’ Hospital, near 
 James’ Street, incorporated in 1730. 
 The statue of George I., erected on 
 Essex Bridge in 1722, was taken down 
 In 1753, and removed to the Mayor- 
 alty House in Dawson Street. In 1725 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 the Market House in Thomas Street 
 was built; and in 1729 the Charitable 
 Infirmary, on the Inn’s Quay, rebuilt 
 in 1741, and removed to Jervis Street 
 in 1803. 
 
 The Parliament House, situated on 
 College Green, was begun in 1729, and 
 finished to a certain extent in ten years, 
 at the expense of L.40,000. In the 
 year 1785 the magnificent eastern front 
 leading to the House of Lords was 
 erected at a cost of L.25,000, and in 
 1787 the western front and entrance 
 were added, on the structure of which 
 L.30,000 were expended. The whole 
 expense of erection averaged ninety- 
 five thousand pounds. The building 
 was sold in the year 1802 to the Go- 
 vernor of the Bank of Ireland for forty 
 thousand. During that year St Mark’s 
 Church in Townshend Street, and the 
 Bridewell in James’ Street, were the 
 former begun, the other built; the Col- 
 lege Library was finished in 1732; and 
 Mercer’s Hospital, on the site of St 
 Stephen’s Church, in 1734. The Ma- 
 gazine in the Phoenix Park was built i 
 in 1735; and in 1745 St Patrick’s Hos- 
 pital was begun and founded by the 
 celebrated Dean Swift, who was born 
 in Hoey’s Court on the 30th of No- 
 vember 1667. This Hospital w’as open- 
 ed in 1757. In 1746 the circumference 
 of the city is said to have been 7f 
 miles. In 1747 the Corinthian Co- 
 lumn, formed of Portland stone, and 
 measuring 30 feet, with a Phoenix on 
 the top, was erected in the Phoenix 
 Park by the Earl of Chesterfield ; the 
 South Wall, extending eastward from 
 Ringsend Bridge, was begun in 1748, 
 and finished in less than seven years; 
 and in 1751 the Lying-in Hospital 
 in Britain Street was begun. Be- 
 tween 1711 and 1753 it was calculated 
 that 4000 houses had been erected in 
 the city, and the increase of the inha- 
 bitants during that period was esti- 
 mated at 32,000. 
 
 The city continued to extend, new 
 buildings were reared, and great im- 
 provements effected in the appearance 
 of the streets, from 1753 to 1765. Dur- 
 ing that period Essex Bridge was crect- 
 357 
 
 ed at the expense of L.26,661 ; St Wer- 
 burgh’s Church, which had been burnt 
 a second time in 1754, was rebuilt; 
 the statue of George H. was erected 
 in St Stephen’s Green ; St Thomas’ 
 Church in Marlborough Street, and 
 the front of Trinity College, were 
 finished, and the foundations laid of 
 St Catherine’s Church in Thomas 
 Street, the Queen’s Bridge on Arran 
 Quay, and the Lighthouse on Pool- 
 beg, near Dublin Bar. In 1765 the 
 Grand Canal adjoining the City Basin 
 was begun (see Canal). From 1769 
 to 1773, the Hibernian School in the 
 Phoenix Park was erected ; the Royal 
 Exchange on Cork Hill, opened in 
 1779, was built; the Meath Hospital on 
 the Coombe was erected, as were also 
 the Blue-Coat Hospital on Oxman- 
 town Green, St John’s Church in 
 Fishamble Street (rebuilt), and a con- 
 siderable part of the Jail in Green 
 Street, which was completed in 1780. 
 In 1773 the Irish Parliament passed an 
 act to repave the streets, and the 
 i Penny Post was established for the 
 city, suburbs, and within four miles. 
 In 1775 Bermingham Tower, in the 
 Castle, was rebuilt, and in that and 
 the following year the Four Courts 
 Marshalsea, near Island Street, and 
 the King’s Inns, were commenced. 
 In 1777 the population was computed 
 at 127,208. 
 
 From the year 1780 to 1800 were 
 erected the Custom House, the New- 
 castle Market in South Great George 
 Street, the City Market near Plunket 
 Street, the Assembly Rooms in Ca- 
 vendish Row, Bethesda Chapel and 
 Charity, the Military Infirmary in the 
 Phoenix Park, the Theatre of Trinity 
 College, Westmoreland Bridge and 
 Lock, Docks on the north and south 
 sides of the entrances of the Port of 
 Dublin, Sarah’s Bridge at Island 
 Bridge, near Kilmainham (so called 
 from Sarah, Countess of Westmore- 
 land, spouse of the Lord Lieutenant, 
 who laid the foundation-stone), the 
 House of Industry, Carlisle Bridge, 
 the Female Orphan House on the 
 Circular Road near Prussia Street, 
 
DUB 
 
 DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 the Sessions House near the Prison in 
 Green Street, the floating and grav- 
 j ing Docks of the Grand Canal (opened 
 on St George’s Day, 1796), the Com- 
 mercial Buildings, and Sir Patrick 
 Dunn’s Hospital. Between 1801 and 
 1810 were erected the Fever Hospital 
 in Brown Street, Smithfield ; the Peni- 
 tentiary, the House of Recovery in 
 Cork Street ; the additions to the Par- 
 liament House for the accommoda- 
 tion of the Bank of Ireland ; the Fever 
 Hospital in Cork Street; the offices on 
 the Inn's Quay for the preservation 
 of records, deeds, &c. ; the Peniten- 
 tiary at Smithfield ; the Hall and Ana- 
 tomical Lecture Rooms of the Royal 
 College of Surgeons in St Stephen’s 
 Green; the Bedford Asylum for the 
 reception of 1000 poor children (foun- 
 dation laid by John Duke of Bedford, 
 j Lord Lieutenant) in Great Bruns- 
 wick Street; the Castle Chapel in the 
 Lower Castle Yard; and other public 
 ; and private buildings. This year the 
 repairs and alterations of St Andrews 
 Church were completed at the ex- 
 ! pense of L. 20, 000. Many of these addi- 
 tions were erected, and the improve- 
 ments effected, during years of strong 
 political excitement. In May 1798, 
 when the Rebellion broke out, a con- 
 spiracy, formed by the association 
 called the “ United Irishmen,” to seize 
 the city, was frustrated by the appre- 
 hension of Lord Edward Fitzgerald 
 and others of the leaders. The Act 
 of Union was passed in the British 
 and Irish Parliaments in 1800, and on 
 , the 1st of January 1801 the Imperial 
 Standard of the British Empire was 
 displayed for the first time on the 
 Bedford Tower of Dublin Castle. In 
 ! 1803 an insurrection broke out in the 
 neighbourhood of Thomas Street, 
 headed by Robert Emmett, a bar- 
 rister of considerable talent and en- 
 terprise, but it was checked with the 
 i loss of some lives in the tumult, and 
 the execution of Emmett and his as- 
 sociates. 
 
 In 1808 the foundation of Nelson’s 
 Monument was laid; the improve- 
 , ments of Essex Bridge were complet- 
 368 
 
 ed in 1809, on which year the fiftieth 
 anniversary of the reign of George 
 III. was celebrated in the city for 
 three days; in 1812 Richmond Basin, 
 Fortobello, for supplying the south- 
 eastern quarter of the city with w r a- 
 ter, was opened ; and in 1813 the 
 foundation-stone of Richmond Bridge 
 was laid. In 1814 the Stove Tenter 
 House, Cork Street, built at the sole 
 expense of Mr Thomas Pleasants, was 
 completed for the use of the weavers 
 in the Liberty, at the expense of 
 L. 12,000. In this year the foundation 
 of the Post Office in Sackville Street 
 was laid. On the following year 
 brilliant illuminations celebrated the 
 victory of Waterloo. The splendid 
 mansion of the Duke of Leinster in 
 Kildare Street was also this year pur- 
 chased by the Dublin Society. 
 
 The years 1816 and 1817 witnessed 
 a number of improvements in the 
 city. In the former year the Rich- 
 mond Bridge was completed at the 
 expense of L.25,800; the Wellington 
 Iron Bridge was erected ; the first 
 steam packet sailed from Dublin Har- 
 bour; the foundation of the Roman 
 Catholic chapel of the Conception w r as 
 laid ; and the Deaf and Dumb Institu- 
 tion was established. During this year 
 great distress prevailed among the ope- 
 ratives, and L. 18,586 was raised by sub- 
 scription for the unemployed weavers. 
 In 1817 the Wellington Testimonial in 
 the Phoenix Park was begun ; and the 
 Infirmary for Diseases of the Skin, 
 and Pleasants’ Asylum for Protestant 
 Female Orphans, w r ere opened. The 
 Mendicity Association was establish- 
 ed in 1818, during which year the New 
 Post Office was opened. On the fol- 
 lowing year the Royal Arcade, Col- 
 lege Green, winch had been fitted up at 
 the sole expense of Mr George Home, 
 was opened. This Arcade w r as com- 
 pletely destroyed by fire in 1837, and 
 the property of the shopkeepers con- 
 sumed. A public meeting w'tis called 
 by the Lord Mayor to raise subscrip- 
 tions for the relief of the sufferers. 
 
 In the history of Dublin from 1801 
 to 1841, without referring to politi- 
 
DUB 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DUB 
 
 cal meetings on the various topics of 
 the day, Parliamentary elections, and 
 other local matters, the details of 
 which are inconsistent with a work 
 such as the present, the visit of George 
 IV. to Ireland in 1821 is the most 
 prominent public event. His Ma- 
 jesty sailed from Cowes in the Isle of 
 Wight, on board the Royal George 
 Yacht, accompanied by a suitable 
 squadron, on the 2d of August, and 
 stood over for the Irish coast on the 
 11th. Next day, which was his Ma- 
 jesty’s birthday, he landed on the pier 
 at Howth in the afternoon, and imme- 
 diately repaired to the Vice-Regal 
 Lodge in the Phoenix Park. The 
 King’s arrival was rather unexpect- 
 ed, yet a considerable assembly was 
 collected, by whom he was received 
 with every demonstration of loyalty. 
 His Majesty remained in private till 
 Friday the 17th, when he made his 
 public entry into Dublin in the most 
 magnificent manner. The city was 
 illuminated two successive nights, and 
 during the Royal Visit all party dis- 
 tinctions were forgotten in the gene- 
 ral enthusiasm. On Tuesday the 
 21st, his Majesty held his first Levee, 
 at which the Earl of Fingal, a Roman 
 Catholic Peer, was, among others, 
 created a Knight of St Patrick, and 
 the Roman Catholic Bishops were for 
 the first time received at Court. On 
 Wednesday the 22d his Majesty visit- 
 ed the Theatre ; on Thursday he in- 
 spected the Linen Hall, and subse- 
 quently honoured the Lord Mayor 
 and Corporation with his presence at 
 dinner, attended by all the Great Offi- 
 cers of State. His Majesty left Dub- 
 lin on Friday the 24th to visit the 
 Marquis of Conyngliam at Slane Cas- 
 tle, a distance of 28 English miles, 
 and the whole road was one con- 
 tinued scene of rejoicing, densely 
 crowded by the inhabitants of Meath 
 and the adjoining counties. The sur- 
 rounding district, as far as the eye 
 I could reach, was covered with bon- 
 , fires and various forms of illumina- 
 } tion. On the 30th the new Knights 
 of St Patrick gave a grand Ball in 
 359 
 
 honour of their installation, at which 
 his Majesty was present, and on the 
 31st he again left Dublin to witness 
 the races on the splendid Curragh or 
 Plain of Kildare. 
 
 On Monday the 3d day of Septem- 
 ber his Majesty and the royal suite 
 left the Phoenix Pax-k, and took their 
 final departure from the city. The 
 Royal cortege crossed the Liffcy at 
 Island Bridge, and proceeded to the 
 beautifiJ demesne of Lord Powers- 
 court, where his Majesty breakfasted. 
 After viewing the romantic scenery 
 of that part of Wicklow, the King paid 
 a short visit to the Earl of Meath at 
 Kilruddery. Thence the Royal party 
 proceeded through the town of Bray 
 to Dunleary, at which is the Asylum 
 Harbour, founded in 1817. This, be- 
 ing the final scene of the gaieties of 
 the Royal Visit, was the grand centre 
 of attraction. The place is within 
 six miles of Dublin, and the road was 
 almost impassible from an early hour 
 by the multitude of pedestrians, horse- 
 men, and vehicles of every descrip- 
 tion. The Harbour was crowded 
 with vessels of war, royal yachts, 
 smaller vessels, gigs, luggers, cutters, 
 and all kinds of boats. At the upper 
 end of the outer pier an elegant pavi- 
 lion was erected, supported by five 
 pillars, each encircled with evergreens. 
 At seven o’clock his Majesty arrived, 
 and entered the tent, when the Lord 
 Mayor of Dublin presented an address 
 from the citizens. On this occasion 
 Mr Daniel O’Connell, accompanied by 
 a deputation, presented a laurel croivn 
 to his Majesty. It is said that the 
 King was pleased to notice him in the 
 most marked and condescending man- 
 ner. Before descending the 6lip, 
 which led to the royal barge, his Ma- 
 jesty addressed those around him in a 
 short speech, expressing his high gra- 
 tification at his visit, and left behind 
 him a letter expressive of his feelings 
 at the manner in which he had been 
 received, and his wishes for the wel- 
 fare and prosperity of his Irish sub- 
 jects. The squadron immediately 
 set sail, but, forced back by contrary 
 
dub the gazetteer dub 
 
 winds, it was not till Friday the 7th 
 that they finally left Dunleary, since 
 called Kingstown. 
 
 The visit of George IV. caused the 
 greatest satisfaction in Dublin. At a 
 meeting on the 7th, Mr O’Connell 
 proposed, and it was resolved, that a 
 Club, to be called the Loyal Union 
 or Royal Georgian Cluby should be 
 established, the members of which 
 were to dine at least six times in the 
 year together, dressed in Irish manu- 
 facture. It was also determined to 
 erect a public testimonial in Dublin 
 in honour of the Royal Visit, to con- 
 sist of a Triumphal Arch and an 
 Emerald Crown — the former to be 
 erected on the limits of the city’s ju- 
 risdiction in Sackville Street, where 
 the barrier was raised for his Ma- 
 jesty’s public entrance; and the latter 
 to be made of Irish gold, studded 
 with precious stones, to form the 
 commencement of a National Regalia, 
 similar to those of England and Scot • 
 land, and to be deposited in the Cas- 
 tle. Within a few days subscriptions 
 were obtained in Dublin alone exceed- 
 ing L. 10,000. His Majesty gave L.1200 
 in aid of the charitable institutions 
 of the city, which sum was divided 
 among seventeen of these associa- 
 tions. 
 
 In 1821 the Theatre Royal in 
 Hawkins Street was opened, It is 
 a capacious and elegant structure, 
 formed in the shape of a lyre, and 
 capable of accommodating a very nu- 
 merous audience. George’s Dock 
 and the Custom House were also com- 
 pleted in 1821. The census of that 
 year returned the population as fol- 
 lows : — Parishes and parts of parishes 
 within the Lord Mayor’s jurisdiction, 
 and also within the Royal and Grand 
 Canals, 176,585; the parishes and 
 parts of the parishes within the Ca- 
 nals, whether within or without the 
 Lord Mayor’s jurisdiction, 224,317 ; 
 the parishes and parts of parishes 
 included in the latter enumeration 
 without the Canals, 227,335. In 1824, 
 the New Anatomy Buildings, Trinity 
 College, were commenced; and the 
 360 
 
 foundation of the Royal Hibernian 
 Academy for the Fine Arts in Lower 
 Abbey Street was laid by Francis 
 Johnston, Esq., architect, at whose 
 sole expense the edifice was erected, 
 and cost upwards of L. 10,000. This 
 gentleman presented a peal of eight 
 bells to St George’s Church in 1828. 
 During this year St Stephen’s Church 
 in Mount Street was completed and 
 consecrated. In 1825 the city was 
 lighted with gas. The Wellesley 
 Mart, Usher’s Quay, was opened in 
 1826 for the encouragement of native 
 manufactures, at the sole expense of 
 Mr George Home. On the follow- 
 ing year the erection of the Museum 
 of the Royal College of Surgeons was 
 begun, and the first stone of the 
 King’s Bridge, Parkgate Street, to 
 commemorate George IV.’s visit, was 
 laid — the project of the Triumphal 
 Arch in Sackville Street, and the 
 Emerald Crown to he kept in the 
 Castle, having been relinquished. In 
 
 1828 the first meeting of the Society 
 for the Improvement of Ireland, by 
 reclaiming waste lands, &c. was held 
 in the City Mansion House; and in 
 
 1829 the Northumberland Buildings 
 on Eden Quay were erected. During 
 those two years great political excite- 
 ment prevailed in Dublin respecting 
 the repeal of the laws against the 
 Roman Catholics. 
 
 In 1832 the Protestant Episcopal 
 Chapel for seamen in Forbes Street, 
 near the Grand Canal Basin, was be- 
 gun ; as was the Roman Catholic Cha- 
 pel dedicated to St Andrew in 1833. 
 In August this year a most calamit- 
 ous fire broke out in the Custom- 
 House Stores, and much valuable pro- 
 perty was destroyed. The Railway 
 between Dublin and Kingstown was 
 commenced, the buildings connected 
 with which were considerably injured 
 by an inundation of the Dodder in 
 1834, which carried away the tempo- 
 rary wooden bridge, and flooded the 
 neighbourhood. This Railway was 
 opened to the public on the 17th of 
 December 1834, and extended from 
 the old harbour at Dunleary to the 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 1 
 
 Forty- Foot- Road, Kingstown, in 1837. 
 Iu 1835 the British Association held a 
 meeting in Dublin, when a splendid 
 banquet was given by the Fellows of 
 Trinity College on the 15th of Au- 
 gust, at which the Earl of Mulgrave, 
 Lord Lieutenant, elevated to the dig- 
 nity of Marquis of Normanby in 1838, 
 was present. In 1838 the new system 
 of Police was established, and the 
 Poor-Laws introduced into Ireland. 
 
 The Liffey is quayed in the entire 
 length of its course through the city, 
 and is crossed by eight bridges, five of 
 which are of cut stone, and two of 
 metal. These quays render the views 
 up and down very magnificent. This 
 river has been occasionally inundated. 
 On the 2d of December 1802, in con- 
 sequence of a tremendous fall of rain 
 which commenced two days previous, 
 the river rose to an alarming height, 
 swept away Ormond Bridge and 
 Ringsend Bridge, and others in the 
 vicinity of the .city were destroyed. 
 The city was deluged in several quar- 
 ters, particularly in the neighbour- 
 hood of Patrick Street, where boats 
 plied the whole of the day. On the 
 6th of January 1839, the city w'as 
 visited with a tremendous thunder- 
 storm, which caused a melancholy de- 
 struction of life and property through- 
 out the country, and the Liffey rose 
 many feet, overflowing the quay walls 
 in several places. Tlfe names of the 
 bridges over the river are, in crder — 
 1. Carlisle Bridge, which is the one 
 next its debouch into the Bay of 
 Dublin, and communicates with Sack- 
 ville Street on the north side, and 
 "VYestmoreland street and D’Olier 
 Street, leading to the Bank, College 
 Green, and Trinity College, on the 
 south side. 2. Iron Bridge, from 
 Wellington and Crampton Quays to 
 Lower Ormond Quay, Liffey Street, 
 and Bachelor’s Walk. 3. Essex Bridge, 
 leading from Capel Street on the 
 north side to Essex Quay, Parliament 
 Street, Cork Hill Street, and the Castle, 
 on the south side. 4. Richmond 
 Bridge, leading from the Four Courts 
 on King’s Iron Quay, and from Upper 
 361 
 
 Ormond Quay to the east end of Mer- 
 chants’ Quay, Wood Quay, Wine-Ta- 
 vern Street, Christ Church, and St 
 Patrick’s Cathedral. 5. Whitworth 
 Bridge, from Arran Quay, Church 
 Street, and King’s Iron Quay, to 
 Usher’s and Merchant Quays. 6. 
 Queen’s Bridge, leading from Queen 
 Street and Elliss Quay to Usher’s 
 Quay and Bridgefoot Street. 7. Bar- 
 rack Bridge, formerly Bloody Bridge, 
 leading from the vicinity of the Blue 
 Coat Hospital, the Royal Barracks, 
 and Barrack Street, to Watling Street, 
 James’ Street, and James’ Gate. 8. 
 King’s Bridge, from Parkgate Street 
 at the entrance of the Zoological 
 Gardens across the river, to Stoven’s 
 Lane, on the west of which is Steven’s 
 Hospital, St Patrick’s Hospital, and a 
 little beyond the City Basin of the 
 Grand Canal, west of which is the 
 Foundling Hospital. Farther up is 
 Sarah Bridge, leading from the north 
 side to the Artillery Barracks. King’s 
 Bridge and Sarah Bridge consist of 
 one arch, the former iron, the latter 
 stone, and of peculiarly elegant pro- 
 portions. All these bridges are mo- 
 dern, with the exception of Barrack 
 Bridge. 
 
 Dublin has undoubtedly declined 
 since the Union as an emporium of 
 trade and a centre of fashion, but the 
 city has nevertheless increased in ex- 
 tent and population, while it is also 
 every year advancing in architectural 
 improvement. St Stephen’s Green, 
 and Merrion Square, on the south-east 
 side of the Liffey, and Rutland and 
 Mountjoy Squares on the north-east 
 side, with many of the streets in their 
 respective directions, were erected 
 between the middle of the eighteenth 
 century and the Union in 1800. Fitz- 
 william Square on the south-east side, 
 beyond St Stephen’s Green and Mer- 
 rion Square, the Coburg Gardens, 
 and the adjoining streets, which in 
 1841 were among the most fashionable 
 streets in the city, have all been com- 
 pleted since that period; and a great 
 extension of private residences has 
 taken place in this quarter. A very 
 
 2 li 
 
DUB THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 considerable portion of the north-east 
 quarter of the city, in the neighbour- 
 hood of the North Strand and Buck- 
 ingham Street, is also posterior to the 
 Union. It may be here observed, 
 that the progress of architectural im- 
 provement is chiefly conspicuous in 
 the above eastern and north and 
 south-eastern quarters ; most of the 
 public buildings and new streets are 
 in that direction, while those streets 
 west of the Castle are homely in ap- 
 pearance, many of them narrow, 
 dingy, falling into decay, and inhabit- 
 ed by a poor and squalid population. 
 This has caused the boundaries of the 
 ancient civic jurisdiction to be at va- 
 riance with the arrangement of the 
 buildings and streets. On the north- 
 eastern side of the Liffey the whole 
 of St George’s parish was without the 
 limits of the municipal authorities, 
 while on the south-eastern side of the 
 river, they extended below the low- 
 water mark on the South Bull, and to 
 Blackrock village, five miles distant 
 from the Castle, including a large 
 tract of arable and pasture land, and 
 the suburban villages of Ringsend, 
 Irishtown, Sandymour.t, Merrion, 
 Ballsbridge, and Donnybrook. These 
 boundaries are still maintained, but 
 the divisions of the city and suburbs 
 are altered by the Municipal Reform 
 Bifl. 
 
 About 1770 the Circular Road was 
 carried round Dublin to connect aU 
 the outlets, and the area comprises 
 1264 acres, about 785 of which are on 
 the south side, and 478 on the north 
 side of the Liffey. This road is about 
 nine miles in circumference, and in- 
 closes the whole city ; but there are 
 many streets and suburbs without its 
 boundary, such as Ringsend on the 
 east, near the Grand Canal Docks, 
 Beggars’ Bush Barracks and vfllage, 
 and Upper Baggot Street on the south- 
 east; Portobello Barracks, Richmond 
 Street, Charlemont Street, Harcourt 
 Terrace, and Clanbrassil Street on 
 the south ; and Binns Bridge, leading 
 from Upper Dorset Street; the Parade, 
 leading from Great Britain Street and 
 362 
 
 Summer Hill to the Parade and Ed- 
 ward Terrace ; Spring Gardens ; a part 
 of the North Strand; the Vinegar 
 Works and Basins of the Royal Canal 
 on the north-east and east. On the 
 south side of the city the Grand 
 Canal is in general a distinct bound- 
 ary from its docks at Hanover Quay, 
 entered at the east end of Sir John 
 Rogerson’s Quay, near Ringsend, and 
 forming a kind of semicircle, crossed 
 by a number of bridges to its junction 
 with the branch on the south-west, 
 terminating in the City Basin, and 
 the other basins surrounded by Grand 
 Canal Place and several streets. Be- 
 tween the Grand Canal Docks and 
 Great Clarence Street on the south- 
 east, at the junction with the Liffey 
 opposite Ringsend, are the Hibernian 
 Gas Works. The Dublin and Kings- 
 town Railway from Westland Row, 
 Great Brunswick Street, crosses the 
 inner dock, and in this quarter is Sir 
 Patrick Dunn’s Hospital, at the end of 
 Grand Canal Street. On the north- 
 east side the Royal Canal is a kind 
 of boundary. It commences in the 
 North Wall at the Liffey, nearly oppo- 
 site the Marine School on Sir John 
 Rogerson’s Quay, and runs north- 
 west in the direction of Binns Bridge, 
 which crosses it beyond Upper Dor- 
 set Street. At the extreme south- 
 east of the North Wall is a Light- 
 House ; and onwards, in the middle of 
 the East Wall, on a line with Sheriff 
 Street, is the Patent Slip for the ship- 
 ping at the mouth of the Liffey. Be- 
 yond the w r est end of the North Wall 
 are Bonded Storehouses and Timber- 
 yards, the Basin and Revenue Dock, 
 the Old Dock, and the Custom House, 
 one of the most magnificent edifices 
 in Dublin, north-west from which ex- 
 tend Lower and Upper Gardiner 
 Streets. The Liffey, after traversing 
 the city from King’s Bridge to the 
 Quay at Ringsend, two and a half 
 miles, forms a harbour at its discharge 
 into the Bay, but inconvenient for 
 commercial purposes, caused by the 
 sand-banks called the North and South 
 Bulls, between which it flows. At- 
 
DUB 
 
 DUB 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 tempts have been made to deepen the 
 bed of the river at the entrance, where 
 a bar having from six to seven feet at 
 low water prevents the entrance of 
 large vessels, by carrying out the 
 North and South Walls. The former 
 is of limited extent, but the latter ex- 
 tends in the form of a road about a 
 mile and a half in length to the Pigeon 
 House — a collection of buildings ori- 
 ginally intended as a landing-place 
 for the Holyhead packets, and con- 
 verted into a Military Magazine since 
 the removal of the Packet Station to 
 Eowth. The erection is continued 
 two miles farther as a solid wall, 32 
 feet broad at the bottom, terminated 
 by a Light-House. These Walls, 
 however, have not had the effect of 
 deepening the channel, though within 
 them there is good and safe anchor- 
 age, and vessels drawing not more 
 than 14 feet water can moor at the 
 Eden Quay near Carlisle Bridge, at 
 the Burgh Quay opposite, and at the 
 I George and City Quays below on the 
 j same side. Above Carlisle Bridge 
 ! the river is navigable for lighters as 
 I far as Sarah Bridge near the Artillery 
 Barracks, where a weir thrown across 
 interrupts the farther navigation. 
 
 The quays on both sides of the 
 Liffey form a splendid avenue from 
 east to west, combining elegance with 
 convenience and health, and there are 
 several fine lines of communication 
 formed of fine streets. The passage 
 through Dublin from the great North- 
 ern Road is magnificent at Sackville 
 Street, on account of the great width, 
 
 ; and the elegance of the houses on a 
 j line with Carlisle Bridge. The en- 
 | trance from Kingstown is equally im- 
 posing, and both meet at College 
 ! Green, a space literally surrounded 
 ; by edifices which are palaces, such as 
 ! the Bank of Ireland on the north, and 
 Trinity College on the east. In the 
 | centre is the equestrian statue of Wil- 
 | liam HI., and the continuation to the 
 Castle through Dame Street is also 
 ; very fine. “ Dublin, for its size,” 
 says Mr Inglis, “ is a handsomer city 
 than London. Sackville Street will 
 363 
 
 compare with any street in Europe, 
 and Merrion Square and St Stephen’s 
 Green surpass in extent any of the 
 squares in the British Metropolis. 
 There are points of view in Dublin, 
 embracing the principal streets, the 
 quays, and some of the finest public 
 edifices, more striking, I think, than 
 any that are to be fouud in London ; 
 and although the Irish capital can 
 boast of no St Paul’s, yet in the archi- 
 tectural beauty of some of her public 
 buildings she has just reason to be | 
 proud. I need only name the Custom 
 House, and the Bank of Ireland, with 
 its magnificent and yet classically 
 chaste colonnades.” It is remarked 
 by all visitors of Dublin, however, 
 that on deviating from the maiu lines j 
 of the principal streets, the decline of 1 
 the activity of business and of the ; 
 display of luxury is at once percep- i 
 tible, and few cities present a more | 
 striking picture of the extremes of j 
 splendour and destitution. “ In Mer- 
 rion Square, St Stephen’s Green, and j 
 elsewhere,” says Mr Inglis, “ the rag- 
 ged wretches that are sitting on the | 
 steps contrast strongly with the splen- 
 dour of the houses and the magnifi- 
 cent equipages that wait without. 
 Pass from Merrion Square or Grafton 
 Street, about three o’clock, into what 
 is called the Liberty, and you might 
 fancy yourself in another and distant 
 part of Europe. I was struck, the 
 first time I visited the outskirts of 
 the city, in the direction of the Phoenix 
 Park, with the strong resemblance to 
 the population of Spanish tow ns which 
 the pauper population of Dublin pre- 
 sented. I saw the same rags and ap- 
 parent indolence — the result of a want 
 of employment, and a low state of 1 
 moral feeling ; boys with bare heads ■ 
 and feet lying on the pavement, whose 
 potatoe had only to be converted into 
 a melon or a bit of wheaten bread, to j 
 make them fit subjects for Murillo; : 
 and houses and cottages in a half- 
 ruined state, with paneless windows, ' 
 or no windows at all.” 
 
 Notwithstanding this striking con- 
 trast between grandeur and poverty, j 
 
DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 DUB 
 
 Dublin is a magnificent city, celebrat- 
 ed for the politeness and hospitality 
 of its inhabitants, the splendour of its 
 public buildings, and the variety of 
 its literary and scientific associations. 
 If Dublin wants the business and bus- 
 tle of London, and the singularly ro- 
 mantic air of Edinburgh, yet it has its 
 own peculiar grandeur, and the view of 
 the city from Carlisle Bridge in all di- 
 ! rections is as fine as any in Europe. If 
 i the stran ger passe s up Sackville Street, 
 the delightful locality of Summerhill 
 — the Clifton of Dublin, — is reached, 
 and from the windows of the houses 
 are seen the remarkable eminence 
 termed the Sugar Loaf, the serrated 
 back of Bray Head, the three-topped 
 promontory of Killiney, the villas of 
 Kingstown inclosing its spacious har- 
 bour, and the Bay of Dublin enliven- 
 ed by steamers and numerous vessels. 
 From the Phoenix Park also a grand 
 panoramic view of the city is obtain- 
 ed, embracing Sarah Bridge, some- 
 times termed the Irish Rialto , and 
 the span of which is seven feet wider 
 than the famous Venetian bridge, 
 j Near the entrance of the Phoenix 
 ' Park, a name said to be a gross cor- 
 j ruption of the old Irish one, but the 
 ' restoration of which is utterly hope- 
 less, is the massive Wellington Testi- 
 monial. “ The inhabitants of Dub- 
 lin,” says Mrlnglis, “ are justly proud 
 of their Phoenix Park. Neither in 
 extent nor in natural beauty will any 
 of the London Parks bear the slight- 
 est comparison with it. Here it was 
 that, for the first time, I saw those 
 magnificent thorn trees which I after- 
 wards found so constant adorners of 
 every gentleman’s park, and which 
 even by the highways greatly outvie 
 the thorns of our English lanes. The 
 Phoenix Park is of enormous extent 
 — said, and I believe truly, to contain 
 nearly 3000 English acres. Like 
 Greenwich Park it has its mounts, 
 and its fine single trees, and its shady 
 avenues, but these are more like the 
 avenues of the Bois de Boulogne ; and, 
 besides all this, it has it valleys and 
 ravines, and extensive groves. In 
 364 
 
 fact, the Phoenix Park, both in extent 
 and in diversity of surface, is superior 
 to any public park, promenade, prater, 
 or prado, belonging to any European 
 city that I know. The access, how- 
 ever, is bad; on one side it is ap- 
 proached through a bad suburb, and 
 by any way it is distant and dusty.” 
 Mr Inglis must greatly overrate the 
 extent of this splendid Park, if ano- 
 ther statement is correct, that it 
 comprises 1089 Irish, or 1759 English 
 acres. The Park was first inclosed, 
 planted, and ornamented for the re- 
 creation of the citizens in the reign of 
 Charles II., and was completed by the 
 Earl of Chesterfield, when Lord 
 Lieutenant of Ireland, in the reign of 
 George II. The greater portion of 
 the lands belonged to the dissolved 
 Priory of Kilmainham. 
 
 The Phoenix Park extends west of 
 the Royal Barracks, and contains, 
 among other objects, the Vice-Regal 
 Lodge, the Wellington Testimonial 
 already mentioned, the Phoenix Co- 
 lumn, a Powder Magazine and Artil- 
 lery Station, the Hibernian Society’s 
 School for the Education of the Child- 
 ren of Soldiers, the Royal Military 
 Infirmary, and the Zoological Gar- 
 dens and Establishment. The Vice- 
 Regal Lodge y which is the summer 
 residence of the Lord Lieutenant, is 
 the most extensive and beautiful of 
 the inclosed demesnes iu the Park. 
 Since the visit of George IV. in 1821 
 it has been designated the Royal 
 Lodge. The building consists of a 
 centre and wings — the former a noble 
 Ionic portico, supporting a plain pedi- 
 ment of graceful proportions ; the lat- 
 ter also plain with the exception of six 
 ornamented pannels inserted between 
 the upper and the basement storeys. 
 The central portion of the Royal 
 Lodge was erected by the Right Hon. 
 Nathaniel Clements, father of the first 
 Earl of Leitrim, in 1784, from whom 
 it was purchased by the Crown ; the 
 Earl of Hardwicke, when Lord Lieu- 
 tenant, added the wings, which con- 
 tain the principal apartments, in 1802 ; 
 the Duke of Richmond caused the 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 north portico, a heavy Doric struc- 
 ture, to be erected in 1808 ; and Lord 
 Whitworth embellished the edifice by 
 the light Ionic colonnade in the south 
 front, from a design by F. Johnston, 
 Esq. The grounds comprise 161 
 English acres, and contain two ponds 
 well stocked with fish, noble gardens 
 and orchards, delightful rides through 
 shrubberies and plantations, and many 
 magnificent limes, elms, and other 
 trees. The demesne is entered be- 
 tween two elegant gate-lodges, at 
 which guards of honour are always 
 placed. These lodges, and the grand 
 gates of entrance in Parkgate Street, 
 were erected by command of the 
 Duke of Richmond. 
 
 The Phoenix Column was erected in 
 1745 by the celebrated Earl of Ches- 
 terfield, Lord Lieutenant, at his own 
 expense, when he completed the de- 
 corations and inclosures of the Park. 
 It is an elegant Corinthian pillar 
 j composed entirely of Portland stone, 
 I the shaft being fluted its entire 
 length. The whole column consists 
 j of a base and pedestal five feet high, 
 the latter adorned with sunken tab- 
 ! lets ; the 3haft and capital measure 
 20 feet, surmounted by a phoenix five 
 feet high, making the whole eleva- 
 tion 30 feet. The tablets on the east 
 and west sides of the pedestal contain 
 Latin inscriptions ; on the north side 
 are the crest and arms of the Noble 
 Family of Stanhope, and on the south 
 side the sentence from Virgil’s iEneid, 
 in allusion to the phoenix — Nuncposi - 
 tus novus exuviis. These inscriptions 
 are much effaced by the action of the 
 weather on the stone. The Phoenix 
 Column was prostrated by a storm 
 during the vice-royalty of Earl Tal- 
 bot, but immediately re-erected, and 
 surroundedjby a handsome oval form- 
 ed balustrade, which incloses the 
 area. 
 
 The fine Wellington Testimonial is 
 within half a mile of Sarah’s Bridge, 
 and consists of hewn gTanite raised in 
 the Dublin mountains, on the site 
 formerly occupied by a Salute Bat- 
 tery — a position commanding the 
 365 
 
 city. This colossal obelisk was de- 
 signed by Mr Smirke, and consists of 
 a base formed by four great flights of 
 steps, of rather inconvenient dimen- 
 sions, ascending a height of 24 feet. 
 The ground periphery of the base 
 measures 4S0 feet, and the summit 
 platform is 60 feet by 10 feet in alti- 
 tude. This is surmounted by a pe- 
 destal 56 feet square by 24 feet in 
 height, from which is a truncated 
 pyramidal column 28 feet round the 
 base, and rising 150 feet above the 
 pedestal, diminishing in the ratio of 
 an inch to a foot to the summit. Ac- 
 cording to the original design, the 
 principal front is adorned by an 
 equestrian statue of the Duke of Wel- 
 lington in military costume, and the 
 pedestal of the grand obelisk adorned 
 by bas-reliefs of the principal victories 
 of the Duke, while the names of 
 many of his well fought battles are 
 carved on the facades of the pyramidal 
 shaft. The total amount of subscrip- 
 tions for the Wellington Testimonial 
 was L.26,000. 
 
 The elegant structure called 
 Sarah’s Bridge, in compliment to 
 Sarah, Countess of Westmoreland, 
 who laid the first stone in 1794, is at 
 the limit of the tide in the river, and 
 adjacent to the salmon-fishery belong- 
 ing to the Corporation. It consists 
 of one noble elliptic arch, 104 feet 
 wide, and the whole length of mason- 
 ry, including the requisite dead 
 works, is 256 feet, the carriage-way 38 
 feet in breadth. This bridge is from 
 a design by Mr Stephenson, a Scotish 
 architect. 
 
 The King's Bridge is already men- 
 tioned. It opens a communication 
 between the Military Road and the 
 principal entrance to the Phoenix 
 Park. The first stone was laid on the 
 12th of December 1827, by the Mar- 
 quis of Wellesley, Lord Lieutenant, 
 and the structure was designed by 
 Mr Papworth, architect. It is a beau- 
 tiful edifice, consisting of one elliptic 
 arch, finely carved, having a balus- 
 trade, and on the centre on both 
 sides is a royal crown. It is of metal. 
 
DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 and was erected by Mr Robinson of the 
 Phoenix Iron Works, the cost amount- 
 ing to L. 13,000, which was defrayed 
 by public subscription. The east 
 view of this Bridge includes the long 
 line of the Royal Barracks, containing 
 vast military accommodation, and the 
 west view embraces the woods of the 
 Royal Hospital, with its slender spire 
 rising among the trees. By the 
 opening of the road from Pembroke 
 Quay to the King’s Bridge, the situa- 
 tion of the Royal Barracks has been 
 greatly improved. 
 
 The Zoological Gardens in the 
 Phoenix Park are neatly laid out. 
 They may be reached from the King's 
 Bridge either by the broad magnifi- 
 cent avenue of noble elms planted by 
 the Earl of Chesterfield, or by a ro- 
 mantic glen on the right, where a 
 neat lodge, in unison with the sur- 
 rounding scenery, enlivens the objects 
 in the vicinity. The ground inclosed 
 for the Zoological Gardens was as- 
 signed by Government for the pur- 
 pose, and a better spot could not have 
 been selected. These Gardens, which 
 were instituted in 1831, received some 
 valuable donations from William IV. 
 and the Zoological Society of Lon- 
 don. The Phoenix Park contains se - 
 veral other objects of interest, amongst 
 which will be found, near the Dub- 
 lin entrance, and situate in a wooded 
 glen, a chalybeate spa, with pleasing 
 grounds and seats for invalids, laid 
 out at the expense of the Duchess of 
 Richmond for the public benefit. This 
 spa was once in high repute, but its 
 very existence is now almost forgot- 
 ten. In the neighbourhood are nu- 
 merous elegant residences. 
 
 Returning to the city, the public 
 buildings now claim a brief notice. 
 The Castle, the seat of the Govern- 
 ment, and the winter residence of the 
 Lord Lieutenant, is on the south side 
 of the Liffey, and is approached from 
 College Green by Dame Street, or 
 from Essex Bridge by Parliament 
 Street and Cork Hill. The ancient 
 Castle was built by Archbishop Henry 
 de Loundres, at the beginning of the 
 366 
 
 thirteenth century, and originally con- , 
 sisted of a single square flanked by i 
 towers at each angle, the two south- | 
 ern of which still remain. The Cas- 
 tle was converted into the vice-regal 
 residence by Queen Elizabeth in 1560, 
 In its present state it consists of the 
 Lower Castle Yard, a handsome quad- 
 rangle, which contains the Old Trea- 
 sury, Chapel, Ordnance Offices, and 
 other buildings; and the Upper Castle 
 Yard, or Great Court, in which are 
 the apartments of the Lord Lieuten- 
 ant, the Chief Secfretary, and other offi- 
 cers. This Court is a spacious quad- 
 rangle 280 feet in length by 130 feet in 
 breadth. Here are two magnificent 
 rooms — the Audience Chamber , and 
 St Patrick's Hall, in which state balls 
 are given on St Patrick’s Day and on 
 other occasions. On entering the 
 quadrangle from the Lower Castle 
 Yard are the offices and apartments 
 of the Secretary of State. Other 
 buildings without the square have 
 been successively attached to the Cas- 
 tle. The principal of these is the 
 Chapel Royal, projecting from one of 
 the old towers — a beautiful edifice of 
 highly finished florid Gothic architec- 
 ture. The interior is ornamented 
 with a fine painted window, and dis- 
 plays the arms carved in oak of all the 
 Lord Lieutenants of Ireland to the 
 period of its erection. A guard of 
 state, of cavalry, infantry, and artil- 
 lery, is daily mounted at the Castle. 
 The grand entrance is from Cork Hill 
 by a spacious archway of rusticated 
 masonry, on the summit of which is 
 a statue of Justice, the position of 
 which elicited the witty couplet of Dr 
 Barret, the head of Carlow College — 
 
 “ Statue of Justice! Mark well her 
 station — Her face to the Court , her back 
 to the Nation /” The Bedford Tower, 
 on the right side of the grand en- 
 trance to the Great Court Yard, is an 
 elegant structure. The basement is 
 a rusticated open arcade supporting a 
 loggia of the Ionic order, having a 
 pediment with a plain tympanum 
 above. A graceful octagonal lantern 
 rises from the roof, pierced by circu- 
 
DUB 
 
 OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 lar-headed windows, ornamented with 
 architraves, and adorned with elegant 
 Corinthian pilasters. The lantern is 
 crowned by a dome, and from the 
 summit is displayed the Union flag. 
 On the other side of Bedford Tower 
 is a corresponding gate, surmounted 
 by a statue of Fortitude. This statue, 
 and the figure of Justice, were exe- 
 cuted by Van Nost. The Castle of 
 Dublin is a great resort of fashionable 
 visitors and loungers, who are attract- 
 ed thither by the military music. The 
 division of the city which lies west ot 
 it, on the same side of the river, is the 
 oldest part of Dublin, and is now al- 
 most exclusively occupied by trades- 
 men, small dealers, and the labouring 
 i classes. 
 
 West of the Castle, at the corner of 
 i Church Street, which communicates 
 with Castle Street, and of Wine-Tavern 
 Street, leading from Richmond Bridge 
 I to Nicholas and St Patrick’s Streets, 
 is the Cathedral of Christ Church , or 
 of the Blessed Trinity , a venerable 
 cruciform edifice, part of which is 
 anterior to the arrival of the English. 
 The foundation, indeed, is ascribed 
 to Sitricus the Dane about A.D. 1038. 
 It stands nearly in the centre of the 
 old city, on the northern declivity of a 
 hill. Earl Strongbow is interredin this 
 Cathedral, and it is said that his tomb 
 was long the spot on which the Church 
 tenants were bound to pay their 
 rents. This monument was greatly 
 injured by the fall of one of the walls, 
 but it was thoroughly repaired, and 
 is now in good preservation. Beside 
 the tomb is a smaller one, having on 
 its top the extremities of a boy cut off 
 at the waist, which is probably con- 
 nected with the tradition that the 
 youth had been cut in two by his 
 father for his cowardice in battle. 
 The aisle of the Cathedral contains 
 several fine monuments, and in the 
 chancel is that of the 19th Earl of 
 Kildare, father of the first Duke of 
 ; Leinster. On the north side of the 
 j choir is the chapel of St Mary, or Lit- 
 ; tie St Mary’s — a plain edifice under 
 the same roof with the Cathedral, 60 
 367 
 
 feet by 26, in good repair. The in- 
 terior of the Cathedral is kept in ex- 
 cellent order, but externally it was 
 long disfigured by hovels and wretch- 
 ed dwelling-houses. The cemetery 
 of Christ Church was long popularly 
 called Hell — a most profane and ex- 
 traordinary name to a place which 
 adjoined a Cathedral designated 
 Christ Church. Over an arch was 
 an image of his Satanic Majesty carv- 
 ed in oak, and resembling one of those 
 hideous black figures which often 
 distinguish the shops of tobacconists. 
 This locality of Hell was famous far 
 beyond the limits of Dublin, and it 
 was a very common question asked 
 at persons who return from their first 
 visit to the city, if they had been in 
 Hell, and seen the Devil ! The Scott- 
 ish Poet Burns introduces the loca- 
 lity in his satirical story of Death and 
 Doctor Hornbook, where he says that 
 what he intends to relate is “just as 
 true as the De’il’s in Hell, or Dublin 
 City r — “As Hell,” says a Quinqua- 
 generian, in a popular periodical, 
 “ has not now any local habitation in 
 our city, neither has the Devil ; but I 
 can assure you that there are relics 
 preserved of this very statue to this 
 day. Some of it was made into much 
 esteemed snuff-boxes, and I am told 
 there is one antiquarian in our city 
 who possesses the head and horns, 
 and who prizes the relic as the most 
 valuable in his museum. At any rate, 
 Hell to me, in those days, was a most 
 attractive place, and often did I go 
 thither, for the Yard was full of shops 
 where toys, and fireworks, and kites, 
 and all the playthings that engage 
 the youthful fancy, were exposed for 
 sale. But Hell was as attractive to 
 bearded men as to little boys, for 
 here were comfortable lodgings for 
 single men, and I remember reading 
 in a journal of the day an advertise- 
 ment, intimating that there were — To 
 be let furnished apartments. — N.B. 
 They are well suited to a Lawyer ! 
 [The old Four Courts were then in 
 the vicinity.] Here also were sundry 
 taverns and snuggeries, where the 
 
DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 counsellor would cosher with the at- 
 torney, where the prebendary and the 
 canon of the Cathedral would make 
 merry.” The following extract from 
 the Black Book of Christ Church pro- 
 bably explains the origin of the name 
 Hell given to this consecrated loca- 
 lity : — t( If any citizen committed a 
 public sin, he should for the said 
 offence commute for a sum of money ; 
 if he continued in his sin, and the 
 same was enormous and public, he 
 should be cudgelled about the church ; 
 that for the third offence he should 
 be cudgelled before the procession 
 made to St Patrick’s or Christ Church ; 
 and if after his penance he should 
 persist in his sin, the Official of the 
 Archbishop should give notice of it to 
 the Mayor and Bailiffs, who should 
 either turn him out of the city, or 
 cudgel him through it!" No wonder 
 that the cemetery of this church was 
 called Hell, when poor Pat got so many 
 cudgellings in it in days of yore for his 
 sins. 
 
 The Cathedral of Christ Church, 
 which is under the jurisdiction of the 
 Archbishop of Dublin, is well endow- 
 ed. The Economy Fund is said to 
 amount to between L.2000 and L.3000 
 per annum, applied to the payment of 
 the dignitaries and the officials, and 
 to the maintenance of the edifice, 
 which since 1830 has been thoroughly 
 repaired both internally and exter- 
 nally. The Chapter consists of the 
 Dean, Registrar, Chancellor, Treasur- 
 er, the three Prebendaries of St Mi- 
 chael’s, St Michan’s, and St John, Six 
 Vicars Choral, and Six Stipendiaries. 
 This is the Cathedral of the Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin, to which the Arch- 
 deacon of Dublin is attached. The 
 other functionaries are the Assistant 
 Reader, who acts as Master of the 
 Boys of the Choir, the Organist, the 
 Professor of Music, the Verger, and 
 the Pro-Proctor. The Deanery House, 
 which was in Fishamble Street, is now 
 a mercantile warehouse, and the Dean 
 resides on the Cathedral lands in one 
 of the northern outlets of the city. 
 
 South from Christ Church, up- 
 368 
 
 wards of a quarter of a mile distant, 
 at the end of St Patrick Street, is St 
 Patrick’s Cathedral , the Cathedral 
 Church of the See of Glendalough, 
 long annexed to the Archdiocese of 
 Dublin. This is a most imposing 
 edifice, consisting of a nave, transepts, 
 and choir, with a chapter-house at the 
 east end. It is said to have been 
 erected by Archbishop John Comyn 
 in A.D. 1190, who displayed no great 
 discernment in the choice of the site, 
 as it is in a very low situation, and 
 was long liable to be inundated by 
 floods, especially by a stream now 
 covered, which rejoiced in the name 
 of the Poddle, or Puddle, two branches 
 of which traversed St Sepulchre’s Li- 
 berty, and met adjoining the Cathe- 
 dral at a street called Cross Poddle, 
 near Three Stone Alley. Upwards 
 of a century after its erection it was 
 completely destroyed by fire, but it 
 was soon raised from its ruins with 
 increased splendour. The establish- 
 ment was dissolved at the Reforma- 
 tion, and the edifice was used for some 
 of the Courts of Justice, and in the 
 reign of Edward VI. it was projected 
 to make it a University, hut it was 
 restored by Queen Mary to its origi- 
 nal destination, and as such it has 
 since been maintained. Archbishop 
 Minot added the present steeple in 
 1370, after he rebuilt the church in 
 1364; and the spire was erected in 
 1750 by a legacy bequeathed for that 
 purpose by Bishop Stone of Clogher, 
 who had been Dean of the Cathedral. 
 The length is 300 feet from the west 
 gate to the east wall of St Mary’s 
 Church ; the breadth of the nave 
 is 67 feet, and its length 130 ; breadth 
 of the cross 157 feet ; height of 
 the square steeple 120 feet, exclu- 
 sive of the spire, which measures 
 10 1 feet additional. In the steeple is 
 a chime of eight bells. The Chapter 
 House, which is the south aisle, was 
 formerly called St Paul’s Chapel, and 
 contains a full-length statue of the 
 Marquis of Buckingham, Lord Lieu- 
 tenant, in the robes of the Order of 
 St Patrick, with an appropriate in- 
 
DUB 
 
 DUB OF IRELAND. 
 
 scription, erected by Lord Tyrawley 
 as a mark of friendship. Here are the 
 throne of the Dean and stalls of the 
 Prebendaries. The Cathedral an- 
 ciently contained other chapels. Near 
 the entrance of the Chapter House was 
 the Prison of the Inquisition, in which 
 ecclesiastical offenders were confined 
 before the Reformation; adjoining 
 the south wall of the west aisle stood 
 the Bishop’s Court, erected early in 
 the eighteenth century for the deci- 
 sion of spiritual causes; and a little 
 more westerly, in the church, w as the 
 Free School of the Diocese, endowed 
 with annual pensions from the Arch- 
 bishop, Dean, and Chapter. Sir James 
 Ware asserts that for extent, beauty, 
 and magnificence of structure, St Pa- 
 trick’s Cathedral was superior to all 
 others in Ireland ; and Dudley Loftus, 
 who wTote his account in 1668, prefers 
 it to some of those of England. The 
 organ is said to have been the gift of 
 the Duke of Ormond. It was built 
 by the elder Smith of Rotterdam for 
 a church at Vigo in Spain, and when 
 the Duke assisted in the attack made 
 by the combined fleets of England 
 and Holland on the ships in the har- 
 bour of that town in 1702, the instru- 
 ment had not been landed from the 
 vessel in which it was sent from Hoi- 
 land, and it then fell into his hands. 
 The reader who is interested in this 
 venerable edifice, its past and present 
 state, will find the most ample infor- 
 mation, with many curious details, in 
 “ The History and Antiquities of the 
 Collegiate and Cathedral Church of 
 St Patrick, Dublin, from its Founda- 
 tion in 1190 to 1819,” in one large 4to 
 volume, by William Monck Mason, 
 Esq. In the nave are elegant monu- 
 ments to the memory of Archbishops 
 Smyth, who died in 1771, and Narcis- 
 sus Marsh, who died in 1713. The 
 j latter Prelate bequeathedto the public 
 the Library which bears his name. 
 Affixed to one of the pillars on the 
 north side of the nave is the monu- 
 ment to the memory of Richard sixth 
 Earl of Cavan, who died in 1778. Af- 
 fixed to tw 7 o contiguous pillars are 
 369 
 
 plain marble slabs, one in memory of 
 Dr Jonathan Swift, Dean of this Ca- 
 thedral, and the other in memory of 
 Mrs Hester Johnson, the Stella of 
 Swift’s wTitings, and now generally 
 believed to have been his wife. Over 
 the monument of the celebrated Dean 
 of St Patrick’s is his bust in marble 
 sculptured by Cunningham, and the 
 gift of Mr Faulkner, nephew and suc- 
 cessor of Alderman George Faulkner, 
 Swift’s bookseller, and the original 
 publisher of most of his works. The 
 Latin inscription on the slab was 
 written by Swift himself, and is ex- 
 pressive of his own disappointments; 
 the author of the English inscription 
 on Stella’s monument is not stated. 
 A small tablet of w hite marble in an 
 obscure corner was erected by Swift 
 in memory of his domestic servant 
 named Alexander M’Gee, a man who 
 had many of the peculiarities of his 
 master. The monument of the first 
 Earl of Cork, erected in 1631, and of 
 several of the Noble Family of Boyle, 
 is conspicuous in the Choir. It is of 
 black stone, with intermingled orna- 
 ments of w r ood, painted and gilt, and 
 consisting of a variety of compart- 
 ments, in which are sixteen figures 
 representing as many of the Earl’s fa- 
 mily, some recumbent, others kneel- 
 ing. In the lower compartment are 
 the six daughters of the Earl, with a 
 boy, alleged to be intended for the 
 celebrated philosopher Robert Boyle, 
 all kneeling. Under the recumbent 
 figures of the Earl and Countess is 
 an inscription in memory of that 
 illustrious Nobleman and his Count- 
 ess. This monument, interesting as 
 it is, in one respect, as it commemo- 
 rates a truly great man, is very indif- 
 ferently executed, and is indeed little 
 better than a huge mass of deformity. 
 It is said that it originally occupied 
 the site of the altar table, under which 
 is the Family vault, and that it was 
 removed to its present less offensive 
 position by order of the celebrated 
 Wentworth Earl of Strafford. On 
 the opposite side of the Choir are the 
 monuments of Archbishop Jones and 
 
DUB THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 his son Roger, first Viscount Rane- 
 lagh, both similar in style, but infe- 
 rior in magnitude ; and near the lat- 
 ter is a plain slab of black marble co- 
 vering the remains of the gallant 
 Duke of Schomberg, who fell at the 
 battle of the Boyne. His skull is in 
 good preservation, and it appears that 
 the bullet passed through his brain. 
 The Latin inscription was written by 
 Dean Swift, and expresses severe 
 strictures on the Duke’s relatives. 
 The oldest monument in the Cathe- 
 dral is said to be that of Archbishop 
 Michael Tregury, who died in 1471. 
 It is only a large plain tomb- stone, on 
 which a bishop is sculptured in his 
 episcopal habit, and also a short Latin 
 inscription. It was dug out of the ruins 
 when St Stephen’sChapel was repaired 
 in 1730, and removed to its present po- 
 sition in the western wall near the en- 
 trance. There are numerous other 
 monuments of Bishops, Deans, No- 
 blemen, and persons of distinction. 
 The installations of the Knights of St 
 Patrick, the first of which took place 
 in 1783, are held in this Cathedral, 
 and its walls have since been orna- 
 mented with their helmets, swords, 
 and banners, those of the existing 
 members being suspended over their 
 stalls in the chancel, from which they 
 are removed at their decease into the 
 aisle. The northern transept has 
 been long used as the parish church 
 of St Nicolas-Without — a parish in 
 the vicinity. 
 
 The Chapter consists of the Dean, 
 Chancellor, Treasurer, Precentor, the 
 two Archdeacons of Dublin and Glen- 
 dalagh, 20 Prebendaries, three Minor 
 Canons, and 13 Vicars Choral, a Proc- 
 tor, and Resident Reader and Preach- 
 er. The other functionaries are 
 the two Registrars, the Organist, the 
 Master of the Boys of the Choir, the 
 Solicitor, the Steward to the Vicars, 
 and the Verger, who is also Pro- 
 Proctor. The Economy Fund is said 
 to amount to upwards of L.2000 per 
 annum, employed to keep the edifice 
 in repair. The property of the Eco- 
 nomy, no part of which is appropri- 
 370 
 
 ated to the support of any dignitary, 
 lies within the precincts of the Cathe- 
 dral, the Liberties of St Sepulchre, 
 and the City of Dublin. The Fund is 
 managed by a member of the Chapter, 
 who is chosen annually, and is styled 
 the Proctor of the Economy. The 
 singers of this and of Christ’s Church 
 perform conjointly at both, and at 
 the chapel of Trinity College, so that 
 there is only one choir in Dublin, but 
 one which, from the combination of 
 musical talent, is excellent, and is the 
 cause of great attraction to visitors 
 of the city. Near the south-east 
 corner - of St Patrick’s Cathedral is 
 the Archiepiscopal Palace, converted 
 into a Police Barrack, the Archbishop 
 of Dublin’s town residence being now 
 on St Stephen’s Green North (No. 17;, 
 in a mansion provided for that pur- 
 pose. At the back of the old Palace, 
 in Little Patrick’s Close, is the Library 
 founded by Archbishop Narcissus 
 Marsh in 1694, open every day from 
 11 to 3 o’clock, Sundays and other 
 Holidays excepted, under the charge 
 of a Librarian and his Assistant. This 
 institution, which is accessible to the 
 public without any charge, the only 
 qualification necessary being a letter 
 of introduction from a graduate or 
 clergyman, possesses many attractions 
 for the learned. It contains many 
 rare and curious works of which there 
 are no duplicate copies, besides a fine 
 collection of illumined MSS., which 
 are exceedingly beautiful. The Dean- 
 ery House, which is situated on an 
 angle formed by Mitre Alley, lead- 
 ing into Kevin Street, and the passage 
 to the old Palace and Library, is a 
 commodious mansion erected during 
 the eighteenth century. Thfe Cathe- 
 dral is surrounded by the property of 
 the dignitaries, such as the ground 
 belonging to the Archbishop in Pa- 
 trick Street near Cross Poddle, and 
 at Three Stone Alley; the ground of 
 the Vicars’ Choral, and of the Arch- 
 deacon of Dublin, between the South 
 Close of the Church, Mitre Alley, and 
 Kevin Street ; the Deanery grounds ; 
 the Treasurer’s ground east of the 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 DUB 
 
 DUB 
 
 Cathedral, bounded by Canon and 
 Bride Streets ; the Economy grounds, 
 on the north and south sides ; and the 
 Chancellor’s grounds, bounded by 
 Cathedral Lane on the east, and by 
 the French Burial-ground on the 
 south. It may be here stated, that 
 after 1665 the Dean and Chapter, with 
 the consent of the Archbishop, per- 
 mitted a congregation of French Pro- 
 testant refugees to assemble in St 
 Mary’s Chapel, in which were the 
 defaced tombs and monuments of 
 English and Irish Noblemen and 
 Knights. The small cemetery was 
 granted by the Chapter in 1681, for 
 the rent of one shilling annually, but 
 in 1816 the Chapel was resumed, the 
 French congregation having become 
 extinct. The corner house of Mitre 
 Alley was called the Residentiary 
 House, and was probably at one period 
 the Dean’s manse. In 1718 it was 
 resigned by Dean Swift to the Eco- 
 nomy, in lieu of which he received a 
 grant of certain fields near St Kevin’s 
 Church, on which he built the garden 
 well known by the name of Naboth's 
 Vineyard ! 
 
 On the south side of this division 
 j of the city are the Meath and other 
 i Hospitals, a Penitentiary, and the Por- 
 tobello Cavalry Barracks ; and west, 
 towards Island Bridge, are the Found- 
 ling Hospital, the Royal Hospital of 
 Kilmainham, Kilmainham Jail, and 
 the County Court House, Swift’s Hos- 
 pital for Lunatics, 8t Patrick’s and 
 Stevens’ Hospitals, to which Swift’s 
 Stella bequeathed L.1000 for the sup- 
 port of a chaplain, and the Artillery 
 Barracks, all extensive establishments. 
 Of these the Royal Hospital of Kil- 
 mainham, erected by the Army, was 
 begun in 1680, from a design by Sir 
 Christopher Wren, when the Duke 
 of Ormond laid the foundation-stone, 
 and invalided soldiers were admitted 
 in 1684. The expense of the edifice, 
 including the offices and inclosures, 
 amounted to only L.23,560, and the 
 expense was defrayed by a deduction 
 of sixpence in the pound sterling, out 
 of the pay of all officers and military 
 371 
 
 persons on the Army-List of the king- 
 dom. The outpensions were allowed 
 in 1698, and considerably augmented 
 in 1726. The expenses of this Hos- 
 pital are defrayed by an annual Par- 
 liamentary grant. This edifice form3 % 
 a rectangle of 306 feet by 288 feet, 
 presenting four good fronts, the east, 
 south, and west of which are plain 
 and regular, built of brick, and two 
 storeys in height, with a third lighted 
 by windows on a very elevated roof. 
 In the centre of each of these fronts 
 is an arched gateway leading into the 
 interior court, which is 2 10 feet square, 
 neatly laid out in grass and gravel 
 walks, and surrounded on three sides 
 and part of the fourth by piazzas, 
 consisting of 59 semicircular Doric 
 arches, a few of which are built up. 
 The north or principal front is con- 
 structed of rough stone, with the ex- 
 ception of the ornamental parts, hav- 
 ing a range of twelve large circular- 
 headed windows, with dormant win- 
 dows on part of the elevated roof. 
 The centre is decorated by an angu- 
 lar pediment, supported by four Co- 
 rinthian pilasters of hewn stone, and 
 over it is the steeple — a square tower 
 of plain masonry, lighted by four cir- 
 cular-headed windows, supporting an 
 Ionic entablature, crowned by a pedes- 
 tal ornamented with an urn at each an- 
 gle. Over this tower rises a smaller 
 one, containing the clock, and the 
 steeple terminated by a slender octa- 
 gonal spire. In this north front, con- 
 taining the Governor’s apartments, 
 hall and chapel, is a door-w ay adorned 
 writh pilasters, and a semicircular pe- 
 diment, and above it are the arms of 
 the Duke of Ormond carved in mar- 
 ble. The great dining-hall occupies 
 the centre between the Chapel on the 
 east and the Governor’s apartments 
 on the west, and is 100 feet long by 50 
 feet wide. It is ornamented with 
 whole-length portraits of King Charles 
 II. the founder, William III. and 
 Queen Mary, Queen Anne and Prince 
 George of Denmark, the Dukes of 
 Ormond, Dorset, Devonshire, and se- 
 veral Lord Lieutenants, Archbishops 
 
DUB 
 
 DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Boyle and Marsh, and other persons 
 of distinction. The banners taken 
 from the Spaniards at Gibraltar are 
 suspended in this hall. The resident 
 veterans wear the costume of Charles 
 -II. ; the annual expenditure of the 
 house is about L. 20, 000 ; that of the 
 externs, or for outpensioners, L.50,000. 
 A part of Kilmainham Hospital is ap- 
 propriated as the residence of the 
 Commander of the Forces in Ireland. 
 
 The Foundling Hospital was begun 
 in 1704, and presents a front to St 
 James’ Street of nearly 400 feet. It 
 is a commodious edifice, originally 
 built to maintain the aged and infirm, 
 to inculcate habits of labour and in- 
 dustry on the indolent, and to free the 
 city from the wretched objects of 
 vagrancy and licentiousness who in- 
 fested the streets. Common beggars 
 were taken in, employed, and main- 
 tained, and children of five years of 
 age and upwards were admitted and 
 supported, and lunatics were carefully 
 attended. But local disputes caused 
 some alterations in the constitution of 
 the establishment, and it became by 
 act of Parliament an asylum for in- 
 fants of every age in 1730. After 1774 
 the system of the Hospital was again 
 so far changed that no child above the 
 age of twelve months was admitted, 
 and it is stated of this singular insti- 
 tution, that “ every child of that age 
 or under, presented at the gate, or 
 placed in the cradle, was immediately 
 received, and brought up by a per- 
 son, whose sole appointment was for 
 that purpose, to the infant nursery, 
 when if, upon examination by the 
 surgeon, whose duty was very particu- 
 larly directed to that point, there ap- 
 peared to be the least suspicion of 
 disease, the infant was carried to an 
 infirmary prepared as such. Those 
 whose constitution would allow it 
 were immediately given to nurses in 
 the country, who daily resorted to 
 the house for that purpose with a 
 solicitude for success almost unac- 
 countable, when the wages they re- 
 ceived are taken into consideration. 
 With them they remained till thev 
 372 
 
 had attained their eighth year, when 
 they were drafted in, and then be- 
 came more peculiarly the objects of 
 the executive part of the institution.” 
 In the year 1836-7 the Foundling 
 Hospital was suppressed by act of 
 Parliament, the Government being of 
 opinion that the purposes to which 
 its operations were applied were cal- 
 culated to provoke and spread immo- 
 rality. It was enacted, that, for the 
 future, foundlings should be made 
 chargeable for maintenance on the 
 parish in which they had in each case 
 been deserted, and that the desertion 
 of children should be visited by the 
 law as a criminal offence. For two 
 years the Foundling Hospital was 
 waste and unoccupied ; but, in the 
 year 1839, when Poor-laws were intro- 
 duced into Dublin, it underwent many 
 and important alterations, and the 
 structure is now known as the Poor- 
 House of the South Dublin Union. 
 
 Dame Street, leading from the 
 Castle to the University, or Trinity 
 College, expands towards its eastern 
 extremity into College Green, a point 
 from which all the leading lines of 
 communication through the city ra- 
 diate. The whole area of the east 
 side of College Green is occupied by 
 the great Protestant University of 
 Trinity College , a most splendid and 
 massive pile of buildings of the Co- 
 rinthian order, erected in 1759, and ' 
 extending north and south 300 feet, a 
 little in advance of the Provost’s re- 
 sidence, which is situated on the east- 
 ern side of the entrance into Grafton 
 Street. This University, which is both 
 a literary and a political corporation, 
 was founded by charter from Queen 
 Elizabeth in 1592, and, with the ex- 
 tensive grounds attached, is a most 
 conspicuous object in the city. Arch- 
 bishop Loftus induced the Corpora- 
 tion to appropriate for its support the 
 ground and buildings of the Monas- 
 tery of All Saints on Hoggin’s Green, 
 in the eastern suburb of the city, and 
 procured a charter from the Queen 
 erecting it into a Corporation, consist- 
 ing of a Provost, three Fellows, and 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 three Scholars, under the name of 
 u The College of the Holy and Indi- 
 visible Trinity near Dublin.’* The 
 erection of the first buildings was for- 
 warded by voluntary contributions 
 from the gentry throughout Ireland, 
 in consequence of an appeal to them 
 from the Lord-Deputy Sir William 
 Fitz- Williams; and means were de- 
 vised for its future maintenance from 
 royal grants, though on a limited 
 scale. Thomas Smith, Mayor of the 
 city, laid the first stone in March 
 1591, and students were admitted in 
 January 1593. By a code of statutes 
 framed in 1615, the number of Fel- 
 lows was fixed at seven, of Scholars 
 at seventy, and of Probationer Fel- 
 lows at nine. Several material changes 
 were made in the constitution of the 
 University by the influence of Arch- 
 bishop Laud with Charles I., that Pre- 
 late having been elected Chancellor in 
 September 1633, when he set himself 
 diligently to correct its deficiencies, 
 and render the whole establishment 
 efficient. Most of the changes ef- 
 fected by Archbishop Laud continue 
 to the present time. The nomination 
 of the Provost was vested in the 
 Crown; the Fellowships, previously 
 vacated at the end of seven years after 
 taking a Masters Degree, were made 
 tenable for life ; and the nine Proba- 
 tionary Fellows were admitted to be 
 members of the Corporation under 
 the title of Junior Fellows; but the 
 entire exercise of discipline and re- 
 venues was vested in the Provost and 
 seven Senior Fellows, subject to the 
 control of Visitors nominated by the 
 Crown, in whom the right of appeal 
 was ultimately vested. A special 
 clause provided that no person should 
 profess or teach the liberal arts in 
 any other place in Ireland without a 
 licence from the Crown. 
 
 During the domination of Crom- 
 well the University of Trinity Col- 
 lege was almost annihilated by the 
 usurping Government; but it was re- 
 vived at the Restoration, and esta- 
 blished according to the statutes of 
 Archbishop Laud, as ratified by 
 373 
 
 Charles I. About the same time it 
 was proposed to found a second Col- 
 lege in Dublin, connected with the 
 University, and to be designated 
 King’s College, for which lands were 
 appropriated, and a liberal sum of 
 money voted, but the project was 
 never carried into effect. When James 
 II. was in Ireland, a College was open- 
 ed in Back Lane, which was closed 
 after the Revolution. 
 
 The buildings of Trinity College 
 cover a large extent of ground nearly 
 in the centre of the city, and consist of 
 three quadrangles, one of great extent 
 and architectural beauty ; a second, 
 also spacious, but of more antiquated 
 aspect ; and a kind of third quadrangle 
 of small dimensions. There w r ere 
 formerly four quadrangles. The 
 grand front is presented to College 
 Green, — it is 300 feet in length, and of 
 the Corinthian order. The first and 
 largest of the courts is called the Par- 
 liament Square, and extends 316 feet in 
 length by 212 feet in breadth. The 
 lofty buildings are fronted with cut 
 granite, and the dressings and archi- 
 traves are of Portland stone. It con- 
 tains the Commons Hall, the Chapel, 
 which has a beautiful Corinthian por- 
 tico, opposite one of a similar design 
 ornamenting the Theatre, chambers, 
 and lecture rooms, the whole design- 
 ed by Sir William Chambers. The 
 Examination Hall contains a splendid 
 monument to the memory of Dr 
 Baldwin, one of the chief benefactors 
 of the University, and portraits of se- 
 veral distinguished personages, among 
 which are those of Queen Elizabeth, 
 Archbishops Usher and King, Bishop 
 Berkeley, Dean Swift, Dr Baldwin, as 
 does also the Dining-Hall. The Re- 
 fectory presents to the square a hand- 
 some architectural front, having an 
 Ionic pediment supported by pilasters. 
 The inner court consists of a vast pile 
 of brick buildings containing apart- 
 ments for the students, and the Libra- 
 ry forms the fourth side — an edifice of 
 hewn stone, with a rich Corinthian en- 
 tablature crowned with a balustrade. 
 The principal apartment is amagnifi- 
 
 2 i 
 
cent gallery 210 feet in length, 40 feet 
 in breadth, and 40 feet in height — the 
 books arranged in recesses on each 
 side. In 1837 the number of volumes 
 was estimated at 200,000. This ’Li- 
 brary possesses valuable MSS., num- 
 bers of which are illustrative of an- 
 cient Irish history, and is rah in the- 
 ological works, and in modern Eng- 
 lish publications, in consequence of 
 having a right to every work under 
 the copyright act, but it is said to 
 be deficient in modern Continental 
 works. The original books were pro- 
 cured at first chiefly by donations and 
 bequests, of which are those of Arch- 
 bishop Usher and Dr Baldwin, the lat- 
 ter of whom in addition bequeathed 
 a property to the value of L. 80, 000. 
 This apartment is also adorned with 
 busts of illustrious persons, ancient 
 and modern, executed in white mar- 
 ble by the most eminent sculptors. 
 The former busts are Homer, Socra- 
 tes, Plato, Aristotle, Demosthenes, 
 and Cicero ; among the latter are 
 those of Shakspeare, Milton, Bacon, 
 Usher, Boyle, Locke, Newton, Swift, 
 Delany, Parnell, Baldwin, Lawson, 
 and Clement. At the end of this 
 apartment, in the eastern pavilion, is 
 the valuable Collection called the 
 Fagel Library, comprising about 27,000 
 volumes, and purchased for L.8000. 
 This Library was the property of M. 
 Fagel, Pensionary of Holland, who re- 
 moved it to London at the French in- 
 vasion in 1794. The purchase-money 
 was a grant from the Governors of 
 Erasmus Smith’s school. There are 
 two other courts or squares in the 
 College, the one termed the “ Stone 
 Square,” — more frequently, however, 
 known by the jocular appellation of 
 “ Botany Bay,” — the other named the 
 “Park Square,” which has been but 
 recently constructed, and comprises a 
 massive pile of buildings erected alto- 
 gether of hewn granite. 
 
 South of the Library is the elegant- 
 ly laid out garden belonging to the 
 Fellows, into which only Fellow- 
 Commoners and Masters are admit- 
 ted. East of this garden, and of the 
 374 
 
 Library quadrangle, is a finely plant- 
 ed park, having a bowling-green for 
 the recreation of the students. Among 
 the other buildings are the Anatomy 
 House and the Printing House— the 
 latter ornamented with an elegant 
 Doric portico, the inscription inti- 
 mating that it was the gift of Dr John 
 Stearne, Bishop of Clogher, to the 
 University. About 60 feet south of 
 the west front of Trinity College is 
 the Provost’s residence, one of the 
 finest architectural private edifices in 
 the city, after a design by the Earl of 
 Burlington. It has a court in front 
 separated from Grafton Street by a 
 high stone wall, having an elegant 
 gateway in the centre, on a line with 
 the front, and on each side are offices 
 forming wings to the house. The 
 Provost’s house communicates with 
 the Parliament Square of the College 
 by a covered gallery. The Observa- 
 tory is at Dunsink, about four miles 
 north-west of Dublin, which is the re- 
 sidence of the Professor, who has the 
 title of Royal Astronomer of Ireland. 
 
 The funds of Trinity College were 
 considerably augmented by grants of 
 land in the Province of Ulster by 
 James I., and elsewhere from the for- 
 feited lands by Charles II. In 1698 a 
 Fellowship was endowed from a be- 
 quest of Bishop Richardson of Ar- 
 dagh j in 1724 three were added from 
 the funds of Erasmus Smith ; in 1762, 
 two from the bequest of Dr Baldwin ; 
 and in 1808, three were endowed from 
 the increasing revenues of the Uni- 
 versity. The permanent income arises 
 out of landed estates, which produce 
 a rent of about L. 14,000 per annum, 
 not including the Provost’s separate 
 estate, which yields L.2400 per annum. 
 The class fees paid by students amount 
 to at least L. 30, 000 annually, and a 
 large sum is also derived as rents of 
 chambers, fees for commons, and 
 other sources. In addition to the 
 other patronage, Trinity College has 
 the presentation to 21 lucrative be- 
 nefices in the Northern Dioceses. 
 By the act of 1833, the Archbishops 
 of Armagh and Dublin are required 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 to set apart a benefice not exceed- 
 ing the annual value of L.1000, out 
 of each of the ten extinguished Bi- 
 shoprics, to which they are to nomi- 
 nate a Fellow or ex-Fellow, and if he 
 accepts he must vacate his College 
 situation. The Provost derives his 
 income from lands peculiarly appro- 
 priated to him ; the income of a Senior 
 Fellow, arising from various sources, 
 is generally estimated at about L.1000 
 a-year. The Junior Fellows draw 
 their emolument from some funds of 
 the University, and partly from minor 
 professorships or lectureships, but 
 their chief source of income arises 
 from the fees of their pupils. Every 
 student, on admission, after examina- 
 tion, is bound to enter himself under 
 one of the Junior Fellows, chosen by 
 him at pleasure, who is responsible 
 for the undergraduate’s general pro- 
 gress and moral conduct, and who as- 
 sists him in his studies. 
 
 The government of Trinity College 
 is vested in the Chancellor, the Vice- 
 Chancellor, who in special cases has 
 power to appoint a Pro- Vice-Chan- 
 cellor, the Provost, the Vice-Provost, 
 who is usually the first of the seven 
 Fellows, two Proctors, who inspect 
 the forms for taking out degrees, two 
 Deans and a Censor, who superintend 
 moral discipline, the Registrar, who 
 performs the duty of secretary to 
 the Provost and Senior Fellows, two 
 Bursars, a Registrar, for the elec- 
 tors admitted under the Reform 
 Act, two Librarians, an Auditor, six 
 University Preachers, four Morning 
 Lecturers, and nine Examiners. The 
 ordinary details are managed by the 
 Provost and Senior Fellows, who 
 are called the Board , and meet 
 weekly. The system of education 
 is carried on by means of professor- 
 ships, lectures, and periodical exa- 
 minations. In 1841, the Chancellor 
 was his Majesty the King of Hanover 
 (Duke of Cumberland), elected in 1805 ; 
 the Vice-Chancellor was the Arch- 
 bishop of Armagh, elected in 1829; 
 the Visitors are the Chancellor (in his 
 absence the Vice-Chancellor) and the 
 375 
 
 Archbishop of Dublin. The Acade- 
 mical or University body consists of 
 the Provost, seven Senior Fellows, 
 one of whom is Vice-Chancellor, eigh- 
 teen Junior Fellows, seventy Scholars, 
 and thirty Sizars. The following are 
 the Professorships, with the dates of 
 their foundation : — Divinity (Regius), 
 1607; Civil and Canon Law (Regius), 
 1668 ; Physic (Regius), 1637 ; Natural 
 Philosophy, 1724 ; Oratory, 1724 ; Di- 
 vinity, 1729 ; Feudal and English Law, 
 1761; Greek (Regius), 1761 ; Mathema- 
 tics, 1762 ; History, 1762 ; Hebrew, 1762 ; 
 Astronomy, 1783; Chemistry, 1783; 
 Anatomy and Surgery, 1785 ; Botany, 
 1785; Natural History, 1816 ; Political 
 Economy, 1832; Moral Philosophy, 
 1837; Greek(Biblical), 1838. TbeRegius 
 Professorship of Divinity is connected 
 with the foundation of the College ; 
 the second Professorship or Lecture- 
 ship in Divinity was founded by Arch- 
 bishop King ; and a second Lecture- 
 ship was founded from a bequest of 
 Mrs Anne Donnelan ; a Lectureship 
 in Mathematics was founded by Ar- 
 thur Earl of Donegal in the seven- 
 teenth century ; the Professorships of 
 Natural Philosophy, Oratory, Mathe- 
 matics, History, and Hebrew, were 
 endowed from the funds of Erasmus 
 Smith; the Professorship of Astro- 
 nomy originated from a bequest of Dr 
 Francis Andrews, Provost of the Col- 
 lege, for the erection of the Observa- 
 tory ; and from the excellence of the 
 apparatus, the accuracy of the obser- 
 vations, and the eminent scientific 
 qualifications of the gentlemen who 
 have filled the situation, stands high 
 in the estimation of the scientific 
 world. The Professorships of Ana- 
 tomy, Chemistry, and Botany, were 
 added under the act of 1783, for the 
 establishment of a complete school of 
 physic in Ireland; which consists of 
 these lecturers, and of three on the 
 foundation of Sir Patrick Dunn’s Hos- 
 pital. The Professor of Natural His- 
 tory has the charge of the Museum, 
 which is said not to be well stocked ; 
 the Chair of Political Economy is en- 
 dowed from a fund granted by Arch- 
 
DUB THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 bishop Whately ; there are two Pro- 
 fessorships of Modern Languages, one 
 of French and German, the other of 
 Italian and Spanish, instituted in 1777 ; 
 and a Catechist with eight assistants 
 is elected annually from among the 
 Fellows. In 1841 two Professorships 
 were added by the University — one 
 for lectures on the Application of 
 Chemistry and Geology to the Art of 
 Construction, and the other for lec- 
 tures on the Practice of Engineering. 
 
 The average number of undergra- 
 duates varies from 1200 to 1500, and 
 the regular course for a Bachelor’s 
 Degree continues four years, during 
 which the student must put in a num- 
 ber of examinations equivalent at least 
 to two each year, and at the close of 
 the undergraduate course gold medals 
 are awarded to those who return the 
 best answers in Science and the Clas- 
 sics. The year is divided into the terms 
 of Michaelmas , Hilary, and Trinity. 
 During the undergraduate course, the 
 students are distinguished by the titles 
 of Junior and Senior Freshmen , and 
 Junior and Senior Sophisters. But be- 
 sides the classification arising from 
 seniority, there is another, founded 
 on station or rank in society. These 
 are four — 1 . Noblemen and Baronets , 
 styled Nobiles and Equites, who are 
 entitled to the degree of B.A. per 
 specialem gratiam ; 2. Fellow-Com- 
 moners, who, as well as the first class, 
 pay a high annual stipend, and dine 
 with the Fellows in the Commons 
 : Hall; 3. Pensioners, who constitute 
 i the great body of the undergraduates ; 
 j 4. Sizars, limited to thirty, who are 
 I educated and partly supported out of 
 j the general fund. These orders are 
 distinguished by peculiar dress. There 
 are also seventy scholarships, the hold- 
 ers of which are a distinct body among 
 the undergraduates, and are depend- 
 ent solely on their literary merit. 
 They are elected after an examination 
 in the Greek and Latin Classics pre- 
 viously studied at the close of the 
 third year, and the Scholarship con- 
 tinues for four or five years, until the 
 holder takes his Master’s Degree. 
 376 
 
 During that period he receives a small 
 emolument in money and free com- 
 mons. The Board admits twenty of 
 these Scholars to what are called 
 Natives' Places , which gives them 
 some additional pecuniary advan- 
 tages. It was long a source of dis- 
 satisfaction and complaint, that the 
 Fellows of the University were obliged 
 to remain in a state of single blessed- 
 ness, or resign their collegiate prefer- 
 ment. Often they besought the Go- 
 vernment for the removal of this law, 
 but all their applications were fruit- 
 less, till, in 1840, when our “ Sovereign 
 Lady the Queen,” pitying their com- 
 panionless condition, graciously took 
 off the restriction, and permitted the 
 Fellows the liberty of testifying their 
 devotion to “ the sex.” Infelices 
 pueri 1 
 
 Trinity College returned two mem- 
 bers to the Irish Parliament, in virtue 
 of the charter of James I. in 1613. The 
 Act of Union admitted one only to the 
 Imperial Parliament ; but the Reform 
 Acts restored the two members, and 
 also considerably changed the consti- 
 tuency of the University. The right 
 of election was extended to all mem- 
 bers of twenty- one years of age who 
 held, or should afterwards obtain, a 
 Fellowship, Scholarship, the degree of 
 Master of Arts, or any higher degree. 
 The annual sum of L.l must be paid 
 to retain the elector’s name on the 
 College books, and persons otherwise 
 qualified who had withdrawn their 
 names were permitted to restore 
 them on paying L.2. The consti- 
 tuency of the University in 1837 was 
 3150; in 1840-1, 2121. Trinity Col- 
 lege can boast of many illustrious men, 
 who were educated within its walls, 
 the enumeration of w r hom, however, 
 in this sketch is unnecessary. It may 
 be here stated, that the Botanical Gar- 
 den in the suburbs is maintained in a 
 manner creditable to this distinguish- 
 ed and celebrated University. 
 
 The School of Medicine is partly un- 
 der the control of Trinity College, 
 which nominates and maintains the 
 Professors of Anatomy, Chemistry, 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 1 
 
 and Botany, and partly under that of 
 the College of Physicians, which no- 
 minates the Professors of the Prac- 
 tice of Medicine, Institutes of Me- 
 dicine, and Materia Meaica, who 
 are paid by grants of public money, 
 but the emoluments of all depend also 
 on the fees of the students. The 
 College of Physicians wasincorporated 
 by charter of Charles II., and renew- 
 ed by William and Mary in 1G92, in 
 honour of which it was designated 
 King’s and Queen’s College. The 
 visitors are the Lord Chancellor, 
 Chief Justice, Chief Justice of Com- 
 mon Pleas, and Chief Baron of the 
 Exchequer. The officers are the 
 President, Vice-President, four Cen- 
 sors, the Registar, Treasurer, and Li- 
 brarian, and, in 1841, thirty-eight Fel- 
 lows, on whom the management de- 
 volves ; and a number of Honorary Fel- 
 lows and Licentiates, who are exclud- 
 ed from any concern in the financial 
 and other matters. The three Pro- 
 fessors nominated by the College are 
 also on Sir Patrick Dunn’s foundation; 
 and the Professors of Midwifery and 
 Medical Jurisprudence are elected by 
 the College. This College enjoys seve- 
 ral important privileges, among which 
 is the right of inspecting the shops and 
 stores of apothecaries, druggists, and 
 chemists, and of destroying drugs of 
 bad quality. Four inspectors and two 
 assistants are appointed to this duty 
 in terms of the act of Parliament. 
 The meetings of the College are held 
 in the Hospital of Sir Patrick Dunn, 
 who bequeathed to it, and to other 
 purposes connected with the advance- 
 ment of medical knowledge, a large 
 estate. The Library of this Hospital 
 is open on Tuesdays and Fridays at 
 three o’clock. The lectures of the 
 University Professors are delivered 
 in Trinity College, and those of Sir 
 Patrick Dunn’s Professors in the Cli- 
 nical Hospital. 
 
 The Royal College of Surgeons, on 
 the west side of St Stephen’s Green, 
 was founded on the 17th March 1806, 
 the first stone having been laid by 
 John Duke of Bedford, Lord Lieu- 
 377 
 
 tenant of Ireland. The front, which 
 is of more recent date, is composed 
 altogether of Irish granite, and dis- 
 plays a rusticated basement, over 
 which rise Doric columns, having 
 four of the pillars insulated, sup- 
 porting an entablature and pediment, 
 in the tympanum of which are sculp- 
 tured in relief the Royal Arms, and 
 the apex surmounted by a statue of 
 iEsculapius, supported by figures of 
 Minerva and Hygeia. The edifice 
 contains the Theatre, Library, Mu- 
 seums, of which the New Museum 
 (founded in August 1826) is in a 
 noble apartment, 73 feet in length by 
 30 feet in breadth, having a gallery 
 carried round the sides. This is 
 called the Northumberland Museum, 
 in compliment to the Duke of North- 
 umberland, Lord Lieutenant, who 
 presented the College with a donation 
 of L.500. The corporate body, or 
 Royal College of Surgeons, consists 
 of the President, Vice-President, a 
 Court of six Censors, a Court of 
 twelve Assistants, a Midwifery Court 
 of seven Examiners, and a Pharmacy 
 Court of seven Examiners. In 1840 
 the number of resident members was 
 132, six Honorary Members, and avast 
 number of Licentiates, throughout 
 Ireland. The School of Surgery is 
 under the direction of the Court of 
 Examiners of the Royal College of 
 Surgeons, and consists of twelve Pro- 
 fessors. The Lying-in Hospital of 
 Dublin was incorporated by George 
 II., and is under a Master, two As- 
 sistants, and an Ex-Master. The 
 Anglesey Lying-in Hospital and Dis- 
 pensary, in Peter Street, was founded 
 in 1828, adjoining which is the original 
 Theatre of Anatomy and School of 
 Medicine and Surgery, established in 
 1810, by John Kirby. A considerable 
 sum has been expended on the Thea- 
 tre and Museum, and a spacious and 
 commodious dissecting-room has been 
 erected. The Coombe Lying-in Hos- 
 pital is superintended by two Mas- 
 ters. The Apothecaries’ Hall of Ire- 
 land, in Mary Street, was incorporated 
 by act of Parliament in 1791, for the 
 
DUB 
 
 DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 sale of simple and compound medi- 
 cines, chosen and prepared under the 
 inspection of a select Court of Direc- 
 tors, consisting of a Governor, De- 
 puty-Governor, and thirteen Mem- 
 bers, annually elected on the 1st of 
 August. In Cecilia Street, off Dame 
 Street, is the School of Medicine of 
 the Apothecaries’ Hall, erected by the 
 Directors, in which are delivered lec- 
 tures on Practical and Theoretical 
 Chemistry, Materia Medica, Phar- 
 macy, Medical Botany, Practice of 
 Physic, Anatomy, Physiology, Mid- 
 wifery, and Forensic Medicine. 
 
 Separated from Trinity College by 
 the entrance into Westmoreland and 
 I College Streets is the Bank Of Ireland, 
 i formerly the Irish House of Parlia- 
 I ment, founded in 1729, from a design 
 by Mr Penrose, architect to the Board 
 of Works, and the foundation laid by 
 Lord Carteret, Lord Lieutenant. This 
 noble edifice consists of three fronts, 
 the principal of which, towards College 
 Green, is a colonnade of the Ionic order, 
 formed of a facade and two projecting 
 wings, much and deservedly admired 
 for the simplicity of the elevation. 
 This grand colonnade was the front of 
 the Parliament House, and occupied 
 ten years in the erection. It is 147 feet 
 in length by 30 feet in breadth or 
 depth, the Ionic columns supporting 
 a plain elegant cornice and entabla- 
 ture. The four central columns ad- 
 vance, and sustain a pediment, the 
 tympanum of which contains the 
 Royal Arms, inclosed by a very elegant 
 block cornice, over which, on what is 
 called the acroceteria of the pediment, 
 are three emblematic female figures, 
 excellently sculptured, representing 
 Hibernia, supported by Commerce 
 and Fidelity, done at the expense of 
 the Governor and Company of the 
 Bank. The fine promenade beneath 
 is most convenient for the pur- 
 poses to which it is appropriated, and 
 the entrance to it from the front, on 
 each side of the splendid portico, cor- 
 responds to the dignity of the whole 
 elevation. The chief public apartments 
 constructed within this part of the edi- 
 378 
 
 fice were the House of Commons, 
 burnt accidentally in 1792, and the 
 House of Lords. The former, which 
 was rebuilt as an elegant rotunda sur- 
 rounded by pillars, between which was 
 a gallery for hearers, was taken down 
 by the Bank Directors, and supersed- 
 ed by a square room, now the Cash 
 Office ; the latter, a very fine hall hung 
 with tapestry, still retains its original 
 splendid form and decorations, and 
 contains a finely executed statue of 
 George IY. by Bacon, commemora- 
 tive of the Royal Visit in 1821. The 
 western front contains a portico of 
 four Ionic columns, connected with 
 the principal front by a colonnade of 
 the same order, forming the quadrant 
 of a circle. The eastern front in Col- 
 lege Street, at the head of Westmore- 
 land Street, leading to Carlisle Bridge 
 and Sackville Street, was the entrance 
 to the House of Lords, and was built 
 in 1785, from a design by James Gan- 
 don, Esq. It consists of six elegant 
 and lofty Corinthian columns, sup- 
 porting a plain entablature surmount- 
 ed by a pediment, on the apex of 
 which is a statue of Fortitude, sup- 
 ported by Justice and Liberty. This 
 portico cost L. 25, 000. It is connected 
 with the lofty archway on the east of 
 the principal front by a quadrant cur- 
 tain wall, and also connected with the 
 Ionic front or portico in Foster Place. 
 The buildings of the Houses of Lords 
 and Commons extended to this limit, 
 but the Directors of the Bank have 
 added a lofty arch, ornamented with 
 Ionic three-quarter columns, leading 
 to their Printing-House, a similar 
 arch, the summit of which is adorned 
 with martial emblems, conceals the 
 apartments of the military guard, and 
 a corresponding final arch was added 
 by the Directors to the Corinthian 
 front in Westmoreland Street. The 
 Bank of Ireland was formed in 1783, 
 and was first opened in some old tene- 
 ments in Mary’s Abbey with a capital 
 of L.600,000, which was afterwards in- 
 creased to L.3,000,000. The Parlia- 
 ment House was purchased in 1802 by 
 the Governor and Company of the 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 Bank of Ireland for LAO, 000, and a 
 rent of L.240 per annum. It is a very 
 beautiful structure, and probably not 
 exceeded in magnificence of exterior 
 by any building in Europe. In the 
 Bank is a curious and complicated sys- 
 tem of machinery, impelled by steam, 
 for printing the notes, by which the 
 number struck off can be infallibly as- 
 certained. There is also an armoury, 
 containing small arms for all the 
 clerks and servants, and the edifice is 
 farther secured from assault by em- 
 brasures and concealed loop-holes in 
 the walls. The casualties against fire 
 are anticipated by tanks of great mag- 
 nitude, and powerful forcing pumps. 
 
 To the right of the eastern portico of 
 the Bank, and ranging with the dwell- 
 ing-houses of College Street, is the 
 Gallery of the Royal Irish Institution, 
 established in 1813 for the Encourage- 
 ment and Promotion of the Fine Arts 
 in Ireland. The building consists of 
 a basement ornamented with rustic 
 masonry, and an upper storey deco- 
 rated with four plain pilasters, sup- 
 porting a continued entablature. The 
 basement storey contains the En- 
 trance Hall, Board Room, and Keepers’ 
 Apartments, and the upper storey is 
 an Octagonal Gallery lighted by a spa- 
 cious lantern. The design was furnish- 
 ed by Frederick Darley, Esq., and 
 the first exhibition was held in it in 
 1829. We regret to say that the ob- 
 jects for which this elegant structure 
 was originally founded appear to 
 have been wholly forgotten, and the 
 building is now let out to the pro- 
 prietors of public exhibitions. It is 
 occasionally used as an auction mart. 
 The Commercial Buildings form a 
 small square, of simple architecture, 
 fronting College Green. They con- 
 tain a large saloon, occupied as a 
 news-room, offices for merchants and 
 brokers, and a hotel. These build- 
 ings were erected chiefly by L.50 
 shares. The Office of the Chamber 
 of Commerce, revived in 1820, is in 
 the Commercial Buildings. In Col- 
 lege Green is also the Statue of Wil- 
 liam III. already mentioned. 
 
 379 
 
 The Royal Exchange is on Cork 
 Hill, leading from Richmond Bridge 
 and Parliament Street to the Castle, 
 but the erection of the Commercial 
 Buildings in a more central situation 
 has diminished its value, and it is*now’ 
 chiefly used for public meetings, for 
 which the reverberation of the voice 
 from the lofty dome, and the interco- 
 lumniations of the great hall, render 
 it very unfit. It is one of the most 
 admired buildings in Dublin, begun 
 in 1769, and finished in 1779, at the 
 expense of LAO, 000, procured by sub- 
 scriptions, lotteries, and grants of 
 public money. It has three fronts of 
 Portland stone, highly ornamented; 
 the principal front is towards Par- 
 liament Street, and is adorned with a 
 portico of six beautiful columns ; 
 that towards Cork Hill has a rich 
 portico of four Corinthian columns, 
 supporting an elegant cornice and 
 balustrade. A magnificent circular 
 hall is in the centre of the building, in- 
 closed by twelve columns of the Com- 
 posite order, supporting a lantern ten 
 feet high, on which rests a light and 
 graceful dome. Opposite the prin- 
 cipal entrance is a beautiful bronze 
 statue of George III in a Roman mi- 
 litary habit, on a pedestal of white 
 marble, executed by Van Nost, and 
 presented to the merchants of Dublin 
 by the Duke of Northumberland. In 
 a corner is a statue of Henry Grattan 
 by Chantrey, and in a niche on the 
 staircase, leading to the Coffee-Room 
 and Bankrupt Commissioners’ apart- 
 ments, is a statue of Dr Lucas, many 
 years representative of the city in the 
 Irish Parliament, who exerted him- 
 self greatly in the erection of the edi- 
 fice. 
 
 In Kildare Street, which leads from 
 Leinster Street, behind the grounds 
 of Trinity College to Stephen’s Green, 
 is the mansion once occupied by the 
 Duke of Leinster, purchased by the 
 Dublin Royal Society in 1815, be- 
 hind which are beautiful pleasure- 
 grounds. Here is a splendid Museum 3 
 and the Library, which in 1841 con- 
 tained probably 13,000 volumes, is par- 
 
DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 ticularly rich in works on Ireland, 
 and on botanical science. In the Gal- 
 lery of Statuary are casts from the 
 Elgin Marbles. This Gallery and the 
 Museum are open to the public twice 
 a week. This is the most important 
 literary association in Dublin, and 
 also the first in point of seniority. It 
 was instituted in 1731, incorporated in 
 1749, and received an annual Parlia- 
 mentary grant of L.500, which was 
 gradually augmented to L.10,000, and 
 latterly reduced to L.7000. In 1841 
 the Committee having manifested a 
 disinclination to comply with certain 
 terms proposed by the Government, 
 an intimation was given that the 
 grant would be withdrawn. Ere long, 
 however, the differences were ar- 
 ! ranged to the mutual satisfaction of 
 all parties, and the Society still con- 
 tinues in the enjoyment of the Go- 
 vernment patronage. The objects 
 of this Society are various 3 Lectures 
 are delivered by Professors of Che- 
 mistry, Natural Philosophy, and Mi- 
 neralogy; with the last is connected 
 a Museum, classified according to the 
 Wernerian System, containing the 
 Leskeian Collection, rich in shells, 
 butterflies, beetles, and reptiles. There 
 is a Drawing-School, in which gra- 
 tuitous instruction is given in Land- 
 scape, Figure-Drawing, Architecture, 
 and Modelling. The encouragement 
 of agriculture and rural economy 
 is attempted by cattle shows and bo- 
 tanical lectures, for the latter of 
 which the Society maintains a fine 
 garden near Glassnevin, comprising 
 twenty acres. The Society has fur- 
 thermore established a Triennial Ex- 
 hibition of Irish Manufactures, which 
 generally excites much interest. The 
 first meetings of the Society were 
 held in Shaw’s Court until 1767, and in 
 Grafton Street till 1796, when a build- 
 ing, erected for the purpose in Haw- 
 kens’ Street, was finished. The mem- 
 bers are admitted by ballot, on pay- 
 ment of L.30 as the admission fee, and 
 have the exclusive advantage of the 
 Library, and of a well supplied Read- 
 ing-Room; but persons are admis- 
 3S0 
 
 sible to most of the advantages of the 
 Society by an annual payment of 
 L.3, 3s. 
 
 In Dawson Street is the Mayoralty 
 House ; and in Grafton Street, in the 
 same quarter, is the Royal Irish Aca- 
 demy, for promoting the study of Po- 
 lite Literature, Science, and Antiqui- 
 ties, incorporated in 17S6, and the 
 funds assisted by a Parliamentary 
 grant of L.300 per annum. This in- 
 stitution was founded by an associa- 
 tion of noblemen and gentlemen, who 
 defrayed the expenses of procuring 
 the patent for the Irish Architects’ 
 Charter. In the edifice are annual 
 exhibitions of pictures by the Old 
 Masters, sent for the occasion by the 
 owners, and premiums for emulation 
 are occasionally offered. 
 
 On Usher’s Quay, near Queen’s 
 Bridge, is Home’s Hotel, a neat edifice 
 ranging with the houses of the Quay, 
 adorned by a Doric portico, supported 
 by seven lofty columns thrown across 
 the flag- way, and the summit of the 
 edifice crowned by a light balustrade. 
 Under the same roof is the Wellesley 
 Mart, an institution founded by Mr 
 George Home, proprietor of the Royal 
 Arcade, an ingenious and enterprising 
 gentleman, for the sale of silks, cot- 
 tons, linens, tabinets, cords, and other 
 articles of Irish manufacture, and 
 all sorts of dry goods. The interior 
 is a spacious area, surrounded by a 
 gallery, with which 80 ware-rooms 
 communicate, and where is a large 
 public counter for exposing goods for 
 sale. Mr Home had designed that mar- 
 kets should be held here thrice every 
 week, but the speculation has proved 
 an utter failure. The Mart has been 
 closed for many years — all around 
 looks desolate — and grass grows luxu- 
 riantly in the stalls ! The Hotel is 
 the largest in the kingdom, contain- 
 ing no less than 250 dormitories. It 
 was originally intended for the ac- 
 commodation of legal gentlemen, the 
 Courts of Law being in the vicinity, 
 but it has been for some time closed 
 and tenantless. Beyond the Quay is 
 the entrance to the Military Road and 
 
DUB 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DUB 
 
 Royal Hospital, a fine specimen of 
 modern castellated architecture, de- 
 signed by F. Johnston, Esq. 
 
 There are several other public 
 buildings on the south side of the 
 river, but we must now conduct the 
 reader to the north side, the most 
 prominent of which is the Custom 
 House below Carlisle Bridge, second 
 only to the Bank of Ireland in gran- 
 deur of design, and one of the works 
 of James Gandon, Esq. It contains four 
 splendidly finished fronts, the prin- 
 cipal of which is towards the Liffey. 
 This front is entirely of Portland 
 stone, 375 feet in length and 209 feet 
 in breadth. The centre is adorned 
 by a portico of four massive Doric 
 columns, supporting an entablature, 
 with a projecting cornice and frieze, 
 enriched by heads of oxen, connect- 
 ed together by festooned garlands. 
 Above is a pediment, in the tympa- 
 num of which, in relief, is a repre- 
 sentation of Britannia embracing Hi- 
 bernia, and presenting emblems of 
 Peace and Liberty, supported by 
 Strength, Justice, and Victory, all 
 seated in a marine chariot drawn by 
 sea-horses, and attended by Tritons. 
 In the distance is a fleet of merchant 
 ships. This was the work of E. Smyth, 
 Esq. On pedestals above the attic 
 storey are the figures of Industry, 
 Commerce, Wealth, and Navigation, 
 executed by Mr Barker of London. 
 Above the centre rises a magnificent 
 lantern, 26 feet in diameter, adorned 
 by an encircling colonnade of 40 in- 
 sulated pillars. Over this is a second 
 lantern, or clock storey, from which 
 springs a cupola, bearing on the ver- 
 tex a statue of Hope. At each ex- 
 tremity of the front are square pa- 
 vilions decorated by Doric columns, 
 sunk in recesses, between which are 
 entrances to the apartments in the 
 east and west ends, the keystones 
 above the doorways of which exhibit 
 carved heads representing so many 
 Irish rivers. The largest apartment 
 is the Long Room, 70 feet in length 
 by 65 feet in breadth, and the Board- 
 Loom is noble and spacious. The 
 
 other fronts are inferior to the south, 
 though very beautiful. That to the 
 north has a fine portico of four Doric 
 columns, supporting an entablature, 
 above which are figures of the four 
 quarters of the world, elegantly exe- 
 cuted by Banks. Before this front is 
 a spacious area, inclosed by a series 
 of fine private mansions, from which 
 diverge Upper and Middle Gardiner 
 Street, intersected by Talbot Street, 
 and Store Street. The east and west 
 fronts are the same in design, and 
 the whole is surmounted by hand- 
 some stone balustrades. In the vi- 
 cinity are the conveniences for stor- 
 age, that for tobacco, capable of con- 
 taining 3000 hogsheads, is 500 feet in 
 length by 160 feet in breadth ; the 
 principal store for general merchan- 
 dize, 500 feet in length by 112 feet in 
 breadth, and the Excise Store even 
 more capacious than any of the others. 
 At the corner of Eden Quay is an ex- 
 tensive edifice, containing a Hotel, 
 Reading-Rooms, accommodation for 
 Markets, and other conveniences, 
 called the Northumberland Build- 
 ings. 
 
 We now proceed to Sackville Street, 
 one of the most magnificent streets in 
 Europe, and laid out when the Irish 
 nohility resided in Dublin before the 
 Union, and the mansions built for 
 their town residences. This street 
 was originally named Drogheda Street, 
 and is now the great commercial loca- 
 lity of the city. In the centre is the 
 Nelson Pillar, unfortunately too close 
 to the Post Office, at the intersection 
 of Henry Street and Earl Street. The 
 first stone to commemorate the ser- 
 vices of the great naval hero was laid 
 by the Duke of Richmond, Lord Lieu- 
 tenant, in February 1808. It is a 
 Doric fluted column from a design by 
 W. Wilkins, Esq. of Caius College, 
 Cambridge, upwards of 121 feet in 
 height, resting on a plain square pe- 
 destal, and surmounted by a colossal 
 statue of Nelson, 13 feet high, leaning 
 against the capstan of a man-of-war, 
 executed by Thomas Kirk, Esq. The 
 capital, which is inclosed by an iron 
 
DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 DUB 
 
 balustrade, affording a secure observ- 
 atory, and commanding an extensive 
 prospect, is reached by a spiral stair- 
 case of 162 steps. The entablature 
 round the pedestal is inscribed with 
 the words Trafalgar, St Vincent, Co- 
 penhagen, Nile, and the dates of the 
 victories. The total expense of erect- 
 ing amounted to L.6856. 
 
 The Post Office is most advantage- 
 ously situated in Sackville Street, be- 
 tween Henry Street and Prince’s Street, 
 after a design of the late F. Johnston, 
 Esq. The front elevation consists of 
 a portico and wings, the former 80 
 feet in length, the latter 70 feet each. 
 The portico is a magnificent structure 
 of six stately Ionic columns, support- 
 ing an entablature, the frieze of which 
 is enriched by the device of the wild 
 honeysuckle beautifully executed in 
 high relief. Above the entablature 
 is the pediment, inclosed by a sculp- 
 tured cornice, and bearing the Royal 
 Arms in the tympanum, the whole 
 surmounted by figures of Hibernia, 
 with a shield and spear, supported by 
 Mercury and Fidelity. Beneath the 
 portico are the five entrances to the 
 receivers’ and other offices. The 
 wings are less ornamented, and a mas- 
 sive balustrade is continued along the 
 top of the fronts. Before the erec- 
 tion of this edifice, the building, after- 
 wards converted into Home’s Royal 
 Arcade, on the south side of College 
 Green, was the General Post Office of 
 Ireland. 
 
 In Abbey Street, in the vicinity, is 
 the Royal Hibernian Academy of 
 Painting, Sculpture, and Architec- 
 ture, founded by F. Johnston, Esq., 
 its first President, and incorporated in 
 1803, with a Parliamentary grant of 
 L.300 per annum. The Academy 
 House was the munificent gift of Mr 
 Johnston, and cost him L. 10,000. Ex- 
 hibitions are held annually, but the 
 institution is not supported with be- 
 coming spirit. In Marlborough Street, 
 which runs parallel to Sackville and 
 Lower Gardiner Streets, is Tyrone 
 House, now occupied by the Schools 
 and Offices of the National Board 
 382 
 
 of Education, but formerly the town 
 residence of the Marquis of Water- 
 ford. Immediately opposite is the 
 Metropolitan Catholic Cathedral, one 
 of the most beautiful sacred edi- 
 fices in the kingdom. It is in the 
 Grecian style, and cost L.55,000 in 
 erection; and about midway on the 
 west’ side is the Roman Catholic Me- 
 tropolitan Chapel, founded in 1816. 
 The facade of the Lying-in Hospital 
 and Rotunda Rooms forms a striking 
 termination to Sackville Street. The 
 Rotunda communicates with the in- 
 terior of Rutland Square, in which is 
 the town house of the Earl of Charle- 
 mont, containing a large and valuable 
 library, some fine antiques and sta- 
 tues, and a good collection of pictures. 
 In this quarter, in Hardwicke Street, 
 is St George’s Church — a splendid 
 edifice designed by Mr Johnston, and 
 cost L. 70, 000. It is the most magni- 
 ficent of the modern churches of the 
 city, and as it occupies the highest 
 ground in the district, the beautiful 
 spire is a conspicuous object from the 
 bay. This quarter of Dublin is for 
 the most part inhabited by persons of 
 rank and property. 
 
 In Green Street, near the end of 
 Great Britain Street, which leads 
 from the Rotunda and Lying-in Hos- 
 pital, is Newgate, the Jail of the coun- 
 ty of the city, and of that part of the 
 county of Dublin within the Circular 
 Road. This large pile was founded 
 in 1773. Beside it is the City Sessions’ 
 House, and contiguous is the Sher- 
 iff’s Prison, and the City Marshal- 
 sea, the latter a prison for debtors 
 committed from the Lord Mayor’s 
 Court and the Court of Conscience. 
 The Four Courts Marshalsea Prison 
 in Thomas Street is within the city, 
 but is unconnected with the Corpo- 
 ration, and the County Jail of Kilmain- 
 ham, said to be one of the most se- 
 cure places of confinement in Ireland, 
 stands beyond the western suburbs. 
 The Smithfield Penitentiary, erected 
 by Government as a house of cor- 
 rection for the reception of convicted 
 offenders of both sexes, has been clos- 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 ed ever since Father Mathew’s tem- 
 perance movement. The Richmond 
 Bridewell, in Grange Gorman Lane, 
 another Government establishment, 
 is a house of correction for male and 
 female convicts. The current ex- 
 penses of these establishments are de- 
 frayed by presentments of the Grand 
 Jury of the county of the city. 
 
 The large pile of buildings in this 
 neighbourhood, once known as the 
 House of Industry, is now devoted to 
 the purposes of a Poor-House for the 
 North Dublin Union. In the same 
 vicinity are the Richmond Peniten- 
 tiary, Lunatic Asylum, Hospitals, and 
 other buildings, supported by an 
 annual grant of L.20,000 from Go- 
 vernment. The Linen Hall is in 
 
 Linen Hall Street, and the King’s 
 Courts at the end of Henrietta Street, 
 near Constitution Hill. In this quar- 
 ter is a branch of the Grand Canal, 
 terminating at Broadstone, a subur- 
 ban village. Proceeding from King’s 
 Courts by Coleraine Street, Beres- 
 ford and Greek Streets, we arrive at 
 Richmond Bridge and King’s Inns’ 
 Quay, on which is the magnificent 
 edifice called the Four Courts. The 
 design of this grand building was fur- 
 nished by Mr Cooley, who only sur- 
 vived to complete the western wing, 
 and the charge of completing it de- 
 volved on Mr Gandon. The first stone 
 was laid by the Duke of Rutland, 
 Lord Lieutenant, in March 1786, but 
 the whole was not completed till four- 
 teen years afterwards. The length 
 of the principal front is 450 feet, and 
 the mean breadth of the structure 140 
 feet. The plan consists of a centre, 
 having court-yard3 on either side, in- 
 closed by apartments for the officers 
 of the different Courts, entered by 
 grand arches, surmountedby emblems 
 of J ustice, Law, Security, and other 
 figures, and connected with the centre 
 and wings by elegant open arcades. 
 The grand front consists of a splendid 
 portico of six rich Corinthian columns 
 supporting a pediment, on the apex 
 of which is a statue said to be that 
 of the Jewish lawgiver Moses, between 
 383 
 
 figures of Justice and Mercy ; and at 
 the extremities of the frontal balus- 
 trade, above the coupled Corinthian 
 pilasters, are placed statues of Wisdom 
 and Authority in, a sitting posture. A 
 noble circular lantern rises from the 
 centre of the body of the building, 64 
 feet in diameter, having twelve large 
 windows, and ornamented by 24 beau- 
 tiful three-quarter columns. A hand- 
 some entablature, continued round, 
 forms the verge of a splendid dome 
 terminating the whole. This central 
 pile, a square building, the sides mea- 
 suring 140 feet, within which is de- 
 scribed a circle 64 feet in diameter, 
 contains the Four Law Courts in the 
 angles, and the area of the circle is 
 left for public accommodation as a 
 common hall. This apartment is 
 adorned by coupled Corinthian co- 
 lumns 25 feet high, the upper shafts 
 fluted, and the entrances to the Courts 
 occupying the intercolumnar spaces. 
 These columns support a continued 
 entablature, on which rests an attic 
 pedestal, containing representations 
 in bas-relief of William the Conqueror 
 establishing courts of justice, King 
 John signing Magna Charta, Henry 
 II. receiving the Irish Chiefs, and 
 granting a charter to the city of Dub- 
 lin, and James I. abolishing the Bre- 
 hon Laws and publishing the Act of 
 Oblivion — all designed and executed 
 by Mr Edward Smyth. The wings 
 of the Four Courts are plain struc- 
 tures containing three storeys. The 
 whole expense of erecting this fine 
 structure is estimated at L.200,000. 
 
 Westward, beyond the parallel 
 streets called Church Street, Smith- 
 field, and Queen Street, is the Blue 
 Coat Hospital in front of Blackhall 
 Street, properly the King’s Hospital at 
 Oxmantown, or the Free School of 
 Charles II., originally erected at the 
 south-eastern angle of Oxmantown 
 Green in 1670 by the Corporation of 
 Dublin. The present Hospital was 
 founded in 1773, and the first stone 
 was laid by the Earl of Harcourt, Lord 
 Lieutenant. It consists of a centre 
 and wings extending 300 feet, and con- 
 
DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 nected with each other by subordi- 
 nate buildings, the lower part screen- 
 ed by handsome circular walls in front, 
 ornamented with niches, a balustrade, 
 and urns. The central pile is of the 
 Ionic order, and is entirely appropri- 
 ated to the officers of the establish- 
 ment. The dormitories for the boys 
 are spacious, though deficient in 
 height, and the dining hall is lofty 
 and well lighted. The income con- 
 sists of the rents of St Stephen’s 
 Green and Oxmantown, various rents, 
 annuities, and bequests, and several 
 other sources. The Governors of 
 Erasmus Smith’s Schools support a 
 certain number of boys ; ten are no- 
 minated by the Bishop of Meath, as 
 trustee under the will of Henry Os- 
 borne of Dardistown ; two by the in- 
 cumbent of St Werburgh’s, under the 
 will of Mr James Southwell ; two by 
 the Guildry of St Anne ; seven by the 
 Treasurer of the Hospital; and the 
 rest by the Corporation of Dublin. 
 The Governors of Erasmus Smith’s 
 Schools were incorporated by charter 
 of Charles II. in 1669. West from the 
 Blue Coat Hospital are the Royal 
 Barracks, near Parkgate Street, at the 
 King’s Bridge. 
 
 Among the other public buildings 
 in Dublin may be mentioned the As- 
 sembly Rooms in Rutland Square, 
 the City Assembly House in William 
 Street, the Education Society in Kil- 
 dare Place, the Hibernian Bank in 
 Castle Street, the National and Metro- 
 politan Bank in Dame Street, the 
 Royal Bank in Foster Place, the Ten- 
 ter House in Cork Street, and the 
 Theatre in Hawkins’ Street. There 
 are several Club-Houses, and some of 
 the Hotels are elegant edifices. At 
 Westland Row, on the south side of 
 the city, is the station-house of The 
 Dublin and Kingstown Railway ; this 
 line of steam conveyance, the first 
 ever constructed in the kingdom, w r as 
 opened in 1834. It at present extends 
 as far as the great pier at Kingstown, 
 a distance of six miles from Dublin ; 
 but it is in contemplation to extend 
 the line as far as Bray — “a consum- 
 384 
 
 mation devoutly to be wished.” The 
 number of passengers daily travelling 
 is very numerous. 
 
 The city is divided into nineteen 
 parishes, fourteen on the south and 
 five on the north side of the LifFey. 
 Of those on the south, St Andrew’s, St 
 Anne’s, St Audoen’s, St Bridget’s, St 
 John’s, St Luke’s, St Mark’s, St Mi- 
 chael’s, St Nicholas- Within, are within 
 the walls; according to the former 
 boundaries, St Werburgh’s was with- 
 in the civic boundaries. St Cathe- 
 rine’s, St James’, and St Peter’s, part- 
 ly within them, and St Luke’s entire- 
 ly without them. St Kevin’s parish 
 is included in St Peter’s. Exclusive 
 of these are the extra-parochial Dean- 
 eries of StPatrick’s and ChristChurch. 
 The northern parishes are St Mary’s, 
 which originally embraced all those 
 on that side of the river, St Michan’s, 
 St Paul’s, and St Thomas’, within the 
 city ; St George’s in the county ; and 
 the parish, formerly the manor, of 
 Grange Gorman. St Andrew’s Church 
 is in St Andrew’s Street, repaired in 
 1841, St Anne’s in Dawson Street, St 
 Audoen’s at St Audoen’s Arch off the 
 High Street, St Bridget’s in Bride 
 Street,St Catherine’s inThomas Street, 
 St George’s Chapel-of-Ease in Temple 
 Street, St James’ in St James’ Street, 
 St John’s in Fishamble Street, St 
 Luke’s in the Coombe ; St Mark’s, re- 
 paired in 1841, in Mark Street; St 
 Mary’s in Mary Street, St Michael’s 
 in High Street, St Michan’s, repaired 
 in 1841, in Church Street, StNicholas- 
 Without in Patrick’s Close North, St 
 Paul’s in North King Street, St Peter’s 
 in Aungier Street, and St Kevin’s in 
 Kevin Street ; St Stephen’s Chapel is 
 in Upper Mount Street, St Thomas’ 
 in Marlborough Street and St Wer- 
 burgh Street. The two Cathedrals 
 and St George’s Church are already 
 mentioned. The ruins of Lord Port- 
 lester’s Chapel, an edifice of the four- 
 teenth or fifteenth century, at St Au- 
 deon’s Church, are worthy of inspec- 
 tion. The Mariners’ Church is in 
 Forbes Street ; there is an Episcopal 
 Chapel in the North Strand; the Royal 
 
DUB ' OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 Chapel of St Matthew is in the suburb 
 of Irishtown, and the Chapel of the 
 Royal Hibernian School in the Phoenix 
 Park. In addition to those parochial 
 and other edifices of the Church of 
 Ireland are the Castle Chapel, the 
 Royal Hospital Chapel in the Military 
 Road, the Blue Coat Hospital Chapel, 
 the Bethesda Chapel in Dorset Street, 
 the Free Church in Great Charles 
 Street, the Female Orphan Chapel in 
 the North Circular Road, the Lying- 
 in Hospital Chapel in Great Britain 
 Street, the Magdalene Asylum Chapel 
 in Leeson Street, Molyneux Asylum 
 Chapel in Bride Street, Swift’s Alley 
 Free Church, the Trinity Church in 
 Lower Gardiner Street, and some 
 others. 
 
 In 1841 the number of Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapels in Dublin and vicinity 
 were in number thirteen, of which 
 nine are parish chapels, and four are 
 chapels-of-ease, all of them large, but 
 few externally elegant. Those of St 
 Michanin Anne Street North, and of 
 St Michael and St John in Exchange 
 Street, are worthy of inspection. St 
 Peter’s chapel is also a neat building 
 in the second or inferior order of 
 Gothic architecture, situated at the 
 divergence of the New Cabra Avenue, 
 and that part of the North Circular 
 Road, which is the beautiful and 
 fashionable ride to the Phoenix Park. 
 But the most splendid of the Roman 
 Catholic chapels is the Metropolitan 
 one of the Conception, or St Mary’s, 
 in Marlborough Street, in the Grecian 
 style. This is a large edifice, and is the 
 Metropolitan chapel, considered to be 
 more peculiarly under the inspection 
 of the Roman Catholic Archbishop. 
 Besides these chapels, there are cha- 
 pels in each of the seven Friaries of 
 the Augustinians, Capuchins, Calced 
 Carmelites, Discalced Carmelites, Do- 
 minicans, Franciscans, and Jesuits. 
 The chapel of the Carmelite Friary, 
 York Row, in White Friar Street, is 
 an elegant and graceful edifice. The 
 Carmelite Convent adjoining the site 
 of the present one was the most con- 
 siderable of their possessions in Ire- 
 385 
 
 land, and was founded in 1274 by Sir 
 Robert Bagot, an Englishman. At the 
 suppression of the Religious Houses 
 this convent was granted to Francis 
 Aungier, Lord Longford, who resided 
 here for a considerable time in the 
 reign of Charles II. That nobleman 
 afterwards built a mansion of its ma- 
 terials in Aungier Street, at the cor- 
 ner of that street and of Longford 
 Street, which, in 1732, was succeeded 
 by a Theatre. The Methodist meet- 
 ing-house in Whitefriar Lane occu- 
 pies the site of the former Carmelite 
 Friary. In 1841 there were fifteen 
 Nunneries in Dublin and suburbs, viz. 
 five Carmelites, one Dominican, three 
 of Poor Clares, two of the Presenta- 
 tion, and four of the Sisters of Charity. 
 This number includes the Carmelite 
 nunneries at Ranelagh and Blanchers- 
 town, the Dominicans at Cabra, the 
 Poor Clares at Kingstown and Ha- 
 rold’s Cross, and the Presentation at 
 Richmond. 
 
 The Protestant Dissenters are not 
 very numerous in Dublin. In 1841 
 there were four Presbyterian meeting- 
 houses, six for Wesleyan Methodists, 
 three for primitive Wesleyan Method- 
 ists, four for Independents, one Bap- 
 tist, one German Lutheran, one Mora- 
 vian, two Unitarian, one for Quakers, 
 and one for Separatists. The Jews 
 hold their synagogue in Mary’s Ab 
 bey. Each of the parish churches 
 has cemeteries ; the vaults of the re- 
 cently erected Roman Catholic cha- 
 pels are appropriated to the purposes 
 of interment, and the legal restraints 
 of the law, called the “ Burial Case- 
 ment,” caused the large Roman Catho- 
 lic cemeteries at Glassnevinand Gold- 
 en Bridge to be opened. The Jews, 
 Quakers, French Calvinists, and Mo- 
 ravians, have their own cemeteries. 
 
 The Charitable Institutions of 
 Dublin now require to be noticed. 
 The condition of the poorer classes is 
 wretched in the extreme. It has been 
 calculated that the number of persons 
 totally destitute is 25,000 j of labour- 
 ing persons getting only occasional 
 employment, 25,000; of poor trades- 
 2k 
 
DUB 
 
 men frequently in the same condition, 
 18,000. Much of this poverty and 
 distress is alleviated by the Union 
 ■Workhouses, erected according to the 
 Irish Poor Law Act. Yet there are 
 few cities in which charitable institu- 
 tions are more numerous, or better 
 supported, to meet and alleviate this 
 vast mass of misery. The House of 
 Industry in North Brunswick Street 
 was instituted in 1773, in the vain hope 
 of suppressing mendicity. It was 
 open to beggars of every description, 
 but the experience of nearly half a 
 century proved that this object was 
 unattainable, and the aged and dis- 
 abled poor are only now received. 
 The Society for the Suppression of 
 Street Begging was established in 
 1818, and its object is to provide food 
 and employment for paupers, under 
 the superintendence of 60 gentlemen, 
 who form a Committee, and meet in 
 apartments on Usher Island. The 
 Charitable Society for the Relief of 
 Sick and Indigent Room-Keepers of 
 all Religious Persuasions was founded 
 in 1790. Among the Honorary Trus- 
 tees and Office-bearers are dignitaries 
 of the highest rank, both of the 
 Church of Ireland and of the Roman 
 Catholic Church. Since its com- 
 mencement the Society had relieved, 
 previous to 1841, the immense num- 
 ber of 984,680 persons, of whom 35,947 
 received aid during the twelve months 
 ending November 1, 1839. The Fe- 
 male Orphan House in the Circular 
 Road was instituted in 1791 ; the Ly- 
 ing-in Hospital, already mentioned, 
 near the Rotunda in Great Britain 
 Street, was opened in George’s Lane 
 in 1745, and is said to be the first of 
 the kind in the kingdom. The 
 Widows’ Asylum in Clarendon Street, 
 late Clarke’s Court, was founded in 
 1793 by the late Simeon Ferrall, Esq. 
 It contains 25 aged widows, but those 
 only are admissible who have been 
 housekeepers in the city. The Me- 
 thodist Widows' Almshouse, built in 
 1767, in Whitefriars Street, accommo- 
 dates 24 widows. The Dublin Gene- 
 ral Dispensary in Fleet Street was in- 
 386 
 
 DUB 
 
 stituted in 1782. Among the more 
 recent charitable establishments may 
 be noticed the City of Dublin Hospi- 
 tal in Upper Baggot Street, founded 
 in 1832; the Institution of Mercy in 
 Baggot Street, of date 1827, for the 
 education of poor girls, visitation of 
 the sick, and protection of distressed 
 young women of good character, un- 
 der the superintendence of the Sisters 
 of Mercy ; St Vincent’s Hospital, Ste- 
 phen’s Green East, opened in 1835 by 
 the Religious Sisters of Mercy, with 
 the concurrence of Archbishop Mur- 
 ray, containing 60 beds, for the use of 
 the afflicted without any regard to re- 
 ligious distinctions ; the Protestant 
 Orphan Society, Upper Sackville 
 Street, instituted in 1828 ; the Chari- 
 table Protestant Orphan Union; the 
 Debtors’ Friend Society; the Chris- 
 tian Schools, under the direction of 
 the Christian Brothers ; the Catholic 
 Society of Ireland in Dame Street; the 
 Strangers’ Friend Society, begun in 
 1790; the County and City of Dublin 
 Visitation Cholera Orphan Society ; 
 the Female Penitentiary in the Circu- 
 lar Road North, under the direction 
 of a Committee of Ladies; the Fe- 
 male Penitent Asylum, a most bene- 
 volent and useful Roman Catholic in- 
 stitution ; the Magdalene Asylum in 
 Leeson Street, opened in 1795; the 
 House of Refuge in Stanhope Street, 
 founded in 1811 ; and in the vicinity 
 of the city, the Magdalene A sylum at 
 Donnybrook, and the Female Orphan 
 House at Harold’s Cross. All these 
 institutions are supported by dona- 
 tions, subscriptions, bequests, and 
 certain collections in the churches, 
 chapels, and meeting-houses. To 
 these may be added the five General 
 Hospitals for the Poor, viz. Meath 
 Hospital and County Infirmary, Jer- 
 vis Street Infirmary, Sir Patrick 
 Dunn’s Hospital, Mercer’s Hospital, 
 and the Maison de Sante. Simpson’s 
 Hospital, founded by a citizen who 
 had laboured under severe affections 
 of the eyes and of gout, is for aged 
 and decayed citizens afflicted with 
 these maladies. It is a large plain 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
DUB * OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 edifice on the north side of the city, 
 accommodating 100 patients. St 
 
 Patrick’s Hospital, founded by Dean 
 Swift, is a receptacle for lunatics, 
 but there are other public and some 
 private similar establishments. The 
 Female Penitentiary Asylum in Bow 
 Street has a somewhat romantic ori- 
 gin. The founder, a man named 
 Dillon, was exposed when an infant 
 at the door of a bricklayer, who taught 
 him his trade. When he grew up to 
 the years of maturity he was accosted 
 by an unfortunate female while re- 
 turning home one evening. He per- 
 suaded her to relinquish her abandon- 
 ed life, and promised to provide for 
 her till he could obtain for her a per- 
 manent situation. While thus occu- 
 pied this excellent person was recog- 
 nized by his parents, and succeeded 
 to a considerable estate, with a part 
 of which he endowed his Asylum. In 
 addition to these institutions there 
 are several minor lying-in hospitals 
 throughout the city and suburbs, nu- 
 merous asylums, houses of relief, fe- 
 male penitentiaries, and dispensaries, 
 supported by voluntary contributions, 
 and local assessment. The Deaf and 
 Dumb Institution is at Claremont, 
 near Glassnevin. The total amount 
 of vested estates for the endowed cha- 
 rities is L.13,263, and the Parliamen- 
 tary and Grand Jury grants amount 
 to upwards of L.30,200. The number 
 of out-door patients relieved by the 
 charities is estimated to be not less 
 than 50,000 annually. 
 
 The Religious Societies are for the 
 most part similar to those of Eng- 
 land and Scotland. The Hibernian 
 Society, founded in 1807, has a fine 
 establishment in Sackville Street. It 
 has several auxiliaries, and there are 
 some minor societies for the circu- 
 lation of the Scriptures, only differ- 
 ing from one another as to the chan- 
 nel into which their labours should 
 be directed. The Religious Tract 
 Society has an extensive sale and 
 store-room in Sackville Street. The 
 Church Missionary, the Tartarian Mis- 
 sionary, Methodist Missionary, Jews’ 
 387 ! 
 
 and Continental Societies, intimate 
 their objects by their designation. 
 
 Dublin has no publicly endowed 
 classical school similar to the great 
 grammar schools of London and West- 
 minster, but it has academies of 
 all descriptions and for all classes of 
 pupils. There are upwards of 200 
 charitable schools, probably three- 
 fourths of which are day schools ; at 
 many the pupils are lodged, boarded, 
 and clothed ; the schools for orphans, 
 or connected with Orphan Societies, 
 are numerous, a few belong to socie- 
 ties ; and some are model schools of 
 the National Board of Education. Se- 
 veral of the schools are supported by 
 grants from the Kildare Street So- 
 ciety, the Association for Discour- 
 aging Vice, Erasmus Smith’s Be- 
 quest, and the Charter School Society. 
 The chief societies, not incorporated, 
 for the promotion of science and ge- 
 neral knowledge, are the Zoological, 
 Phrenological, Geological, Agricul- 
 tural, Horticultural, and Dublin Li- 
 brary Societies, and the Mechanics’ 
 Institutions. In 1841 sixteen news- 
 papers were published during each 
 week in the city. Of these three are 
 printed daily, six thrice a week, one 
 twice a week, and six weekly, but of 
 these six the Mercantile Advertiser, 
 and the General Advertiser, can hard- 
 ly be considered newspapers in the 
 ordinary term. The establishment 
 of various periodical works, from time 
 to time, has given a stimulus to li- 
 terature in Dublin. Of these the 
 Dublin University Magazine is justly 
 celebrated for its talent, and is in- 
 ferior to no similar publication. The 
 Dublin Review is on the same prin- 
 ciple as the London Quarterly, the 
 Edinburgh, and others, and advocates 
 the principles of the Roman Catholics. 
 It cannot be said, however, to have 
 any connection with the Irish press 
 beyond the name, as it is printed in 
 London. 
 
 As Dublin is the seat of the local 
 executive Government of Ireland, con- 
 sisting of the Lord Lieutenant and 
 Privy Council, as well as of the Su- 
 
DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 preme Courts of Judicature, from 
 which an appeal lies only to the House 
 of Lords of the United Kingdom, a 
 large military force is maintained in 
 the city. The number of regiments, 
 and of cavalry and artillery, varies ac- 
 cording to circumstances, and to the 
 exigencies of the public service. The 
 principal Barracks are at the western 
 extremity of the city, and consist of 
 four large squares, capable of accom- 
 modating 2000 cavalry and infantry. 
 Richmond Barrack for infantry, on 
 the banks of the Grand Canal, near 
 Kilmainham, is a large substantial fa- 
 bric on an elevated and healthy situa- 
 tion. Portobello Barrack, near Har- 
 old’s Cross on the same Canal, is for 
 cavalry ; and the Artillery Barracks 
 are at Island Bridge near Kilmain- 
 ham, and at the Magazine at the Pigeon 
 House. There is, besides, a neat and 
 commodious barrack called the Depot 
 near Ballsb ridge. 
 
 The purposes of commerce are car- 
 ried on by the Bank of Ireland, esta- 
 blished by Charter of Incorporation 
 in 1783, under a Governor, Deputy- 
 Governor, and fifteen Directors ; the 
 Provincial Bank of Ireland in William 
 Street ; the National Bank of Ireland 
 in Dame Street; the Royal Bank of 
 Ireland in Foster Street, near College 
 Green; the Hibernian Joint-Stock 
 Banking Company in Castle Street; 
 the Provident Bank of Ireland in Col- 
 lege Green; two Branches of Belfast 
 Banks; and three Private Banking 
 Houses. The Savings Banks were 
 introduced into the city by an asso- 
 ciation, who had sufficient influence 
 to procure an act of Parliament, esta- 
 blishing them on provisions adapted 
 to the country. The principal bank 
 is in School Street, near South Earl 
 Street, and its several branches are in 
 operation throughout the city. The 
 Meath Charitable Society, and the 
 Charitable Loan Association, lend 
 small sums to poor tradesmen, pay- 
 able by instalments without interest. 
 In 1839-40, various attempts were made 
 to establish Monts de Piete in the 
 city, but the enterprise, it is to be 
 388 
 
 regretted, fell to the ground. In 
 1841 there were 37 licensed pawn- 
 brokers in Dublin, nearly double the 
 number in the Scotish metropolis. 
 The Life Insurance Companies be- 
 longing to Ireland are the Assurance 
 Company in College Green, establish- 
 ed by act of Parliament, and the Na- 
 tional Assurance Company, incor- 
 porated by Royal Charter, also on Col- 
 lege Green ; but there are numerous 
 Agents for British Insurance Com- 
 panies. The City of Dublin Steam- 
 Packet Company is incorporated by 
 act of Parliament. In 1841 this Com- 
 pany had no fewer than 30 vessels, 
 nine of which were plying on the Shan- 
 non, and the others to Livei’pool, 
 London, Belfast, and Havre. In ad- 
 dition to these vessels the Company 
 had 52 trade-boats, 24 built of timber 
 and 28 of iron, averaging 50 tons 
 burthen, for the carriage of goods, 
 produce, and live stock, by the Grand 
 and Royal Canal, and by the Shannon, 
 between Dublin and the interior. 
 The British and Irish Steam Packet 
 Company had three splendid steamers 
 between Dublin and London in 1841, 
 and there is ample communication to 
 Cork, and to Greenock and Glasgow. 
 
 The trade of Dublin with Great 
 Britain has considerably increased 
 since the introduction of steam-ves- 
 sels, but it partakes chiefly of the coast- 
 ing kind. A large proportion of the fo- 
 reign trade is carried on through Li- 
 verpool and Bristol by means of 
 steam-vessels. In 1836 the number of 
 British ships which entered the port 
 was 189; tonnage, 38,058; Foreign 
 ships, 28, tonnage, 5052; in all, 217, 
 tonnage, 43,110. In 1833 the customs 
 dues amounted to L.654,754 ; in 1834, 
 L. 768, 632 ; in 1835, L.918,80l; in 1836, 
 L. 898, 630. The amount of customs 
 for the year ending 5th January 1841 
 was L. 889,564. In 1835 the exports from 
 the port were valued at L.2,528,543; 
 imports, L.4,430,321. The tonnage of 
 the commodities conveyed on the 
 Grand and Royal Canals is upwards 
 of 30,000 annually, but will be consider- 
 ably lessened by the Railways. The 
 
DUB OF IRELAND. DUB 
 
 — ' 
 
 greater part of that conveyed to Dub- 
 lin consists of agricultural produce, 
 cattle, and turf; and from the city 
 are sent coals, salt, manure, building 
 materials, and general merchandize. 
 
 All kinds of conveyances to the 
 principal towns in Ireland are found 
 at Dublin, and present a striking 
 contrast to the mode of travelling in 
 the middle of the eighteenth century. 
 In 1742 there was only one coach to 
 Athlone, which occupied some days 
 in the journey; that to Belfast took 
 ) two days in summer and three days 
 in winter; the Kilkenny, Kinnegad, 
 Newry, and Drogheda stages occu- 
 pied time proportionable to the dis- 
 tances in their transit to and from 
 1 the city ; and in that year there was 
 no stage coach to Cork, Waterford, 
 and Limerick. Even in 1785 those 
 who wanted to proceed to Cork were 
 obliged to hire a chaise the whole dis- 
 tance, as there was even no posting ; 
 the price was five guineas , and it was 
 five days before the destination was 
 reached. 
 
 Public amusements are not greatly 
 encouraged in Dublin, domestic and 
 social intercourse being preferred by 
 the citizens. During the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth the plays were per- 
 formed in the Ball-Room of the Castle 
 by the nobility and gentry. The great 
 Earl of Strafford erected a theatre in 
 Werburgh Street, which was closed 
 in 1641. A new theatre was opened 
 in Orange Street, now Smock Alley, 
 after the Restoration. In 1733 this 
 theatre was still in existence, also one 
 in Bainsford Street, and another in 
 George’s Lane. In 1745 Sheridan 
 had the theatre in Aungier Street, 
 which was destroyed in a riot in 1754 ; 
 but Smock Alley Theatre still con- 
 tinued open, and a rival one was be- 
 gun in Crow Street. About 1820 the 
 I Dublin Society’s premises in Hawkin’s 
 Street was purchased by the patentee, 
 and the present large and commo- 
 i dious Theatre constructed; but it is 
 indifferently attended, except on State 
 occasions, and during the attraction 
 of first-rate performers. Concerts 
 389 
 
 are frequently given in the Ro- 
 tunda; and the Zoological Gardens in 
 the Phoenix Park and at Portobello 
 are well frequented. Public gardens 
 have lately been laid out on a most , 
 picturesque site at Monkstown, where 
 an evening may be spent most de- 
 lightfully. 
 
 Dublin is divided into three Police 
 districts. The Police establishment 
 is in every respect similar to that of 
 London, and the streets are patrolled 
 by constables, day and night. The Cas- 
 tle district is the seat of the head Police 
 functionary. The paving, lighting, 
 and cleansing of the city, are regulat- 
 ed by several acts, and the Paving 
 Board is a Corporation, consisting of 
 three Commissioners appointed by 
 the Lord Lieutenant. They derive 
 their income from assessments and 
 other receipts. The Commissioners 
 for Widening the Streets were consti- 
 tuted in 1757, and consist of the Lord 
 Mayor, the Members of Parliament 
 for the city, and twenty others elected 
 in terms of the act. The supply of 
 water is regulated by a Committee of 
 the Corporation, entitled the Com- 
 mittee of tbe Pipe Water Establish- 
 ment, whose office is in the Assembly 
 House, William Street. The Port 
 and Harbour are under the manage- 
 ment of the Ballast Board. 
 
 The Corporation of Dublin, as sub- 
 ject to the rules of the 25th Charles 
 II., modified by the 33d George II., 
 consisted of the Lord Mayor, two , 
 Sheriffs, 24 Aldermen, and 144 Com- 
 mon Councilmen, composed of 48 ; 
 Sheriffs’ Peers, and 93 Representatives i 
 of the Guilds, of which the Trinity 
 Guild, or Guild of Merchants, return- 
 ed 31. The chief officers of the Cor- 
 poration are the Recorder, Coroners, . 
 President of the Court of Conscience, 
 and the Governors and Keepers of the 
 several Prisons. By the Irish Muni- 
 cipal Bill of 1838, the city was divided 
 inter 16 Wards, each Ward to elect 
 one Alderman and three Councillors ; 
 in all, 16 Aldermen and 48 Council- 
 lors. The Wards are — 1. College; j 
 2. Merrion ; 3. St Stephen’s ; 4. St , 
 
DUB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DUB 
 
 Andrew’s; 5. Castle; 6. St Patrick’s; 
 7. St Audeon’s; 8. St Catherine’s; 9. 
 St James’; 10. Custom House; 11. St 
 George’s ; 12. Post Office ; 13. Linen 
 Hall; 14. Four Courts; 15. St Paul’s; 
 16. Donnybrook. The Manor Courts 
 are five, viz. St Sepulchre, Thomas 
 Court and Donore, Grange-Gorman, 
 St Patrick’s, and Kilmainham. 
 
 The suburbs of Dublin are remark- 
 ably beautiful, picturesque, and ro- 
 mantic. The villas on the south are 
 numerous, and so close are the old 
 woods connected with them, that this 
 side of the city resembles a vast forest, 
 relieved by an occasional church spire 
 rising over the trees. The suburban 
 villages, roads, and principal villas 
 round the Irish metropolis are accu- 
 rately given in the map of the envi- 
 rons published by the Society for the 
 Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, to 
 which the reader is referred. The 
 city returns two members to the Im- 
 perial Parliament. Constituency in 
 1840-1, 7375. Population in 1831, 
 204,155. This refers to the county of 
 the city of Dublin. Another esti- 
 mate makes the population inside the 
 Circular Road, 232,362; and a third 
 gives the population inside and out- 
 side the Circular Road and Canals, 
 265,316. 
 
 DUBLIN, an Archiepiscopal Pro- 
 vince, includes the Dioceses of Dublin, 
 Kildare, Leighlin, Ferns, Ossory, and 
 the former Archbishopric of Cashel. 
 The Province extends over the coun- 
 ties of Dublin, Wicklow, Wexford, 
 Kilkenny, Carlow, Kildare, Queen’s 
 County (with the exception of one 
 parish), part of King’s County, and 
 Tipperary. By the act of 1833 the 
 suffragan Dioceses of the Archbishop- 
 ric of Cashel are annexed to the Pro- 
 vince of Dublin (see Cashel). The 
 Roman Catholic division of the Pro- 
 vince, and its suffragans, as it was be- 
 fore the act of 1833, is nearly the same 
 as that of the Established Church. 
 
 DUBLIN, as a Diocese, or Archdio- 
 cese, includes the county, the greater 
 part of Wicklow, parts of Carlow and 
 Kildare, and small portions of the 
 390 
 
 King’s and Queen’s Counties. In 
 1834 this Diocese contained 178 pa- 
 rishes, constituting 95 benefices, in 
 which were 124 parochial edifices of the 
 Church of Ireland, and nine chapels 
 connected with the Church ; 121 Ro- 
 man Catholic chapels; Presbyterian 
 meeting-houses, 7 ; other Dissenting 
 meeting-houses, 27. The gross po- 
 pulation that year was 501,977, of whom 
 106,599 were members of the Church 
 of Ireland, 391,006 were Roman Ca- 
 tholics, 2290 were Presbyterians, and 
 2082 were Dissenters of various deno- 
 minations. In the same year there 
 were 509 schools, educating 37,219 
 young persons, 62 of which were in 
 connection with the National Board 
 of Education. 
 
 The date of the foundation of this 
 See is uncertain, and nothing is knowm 
 of it till the seventh century, when 
 one Livinius is recorded as the Bishop, 
 who is said to have suffered martyr- 
 dom in the Low Countries. St Ru- 
 mold, the fourth in succession after 
 Livinius, is recorded to have been 
 murdered near Mechlin. In 1152 the 
 See w T as erected into an Archbishop- 
 ric during the episcopate of Gregory, 
 and in 1214 the See of Glendaloch was 
 annexed, but the Archbishops of Dub- 
 lin obtained full possession only in 
 1479. These Sees are still united (see 
 Glendaloch). George Browne, who 
 was an Augustine Friar in London, 
 was the first Protestant Archbishop. 
 Several eminent men have filled the 
 Archbishopric of Dublin, among 
 whom may be mentioned the Most 
 Reverend William Magee, D.D., cele- 
 brated for his theological learning, 
 and the Most Reverend Richard 
 Whately, D.D., formerly Principal of 
 St Alban Hall, Oxford, consecrated in 
 1831. The income of the Sees of Dub- 
 lin and Glendaloch is estimated at 
 L.7786. The Prebend of Cullen is 
 annexed to the Archbishopric. The 
 Chapter consists of the Dean, Pre- 
 centor, Chancellor, two Archdeacons, 
 and 20 Prebendaries. By the act of 
 1833 the Deanery, when void, was an- 
 nexed to that of St Patrick’s, and the 
 
DUB 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 temporalities, as portion of the revenue 
 of the See of Kildare, vested in the 
 Irish Ecclesiastical Commissioners. 
 
 DUBLIN, a maritime county in the 
 Province of Leinster, bounded on the 
 east by the Irish Channel, on the 
 north-west and north by the county 
 of Meath, on the south by the county 
 of Wicklow, and on the south-west by 
 the county of Kildare. With the ex- 
 ception of Carlow and Louth, this is 
 the smallest county in Ireland. The 
 greatest length from the vicinity of 
 Balbriggan on the north to Bray on 
 the south is about 32 English miles, 
 and the greatest breadth from the 
 Promontory of Howth on the east, 
 forming the north side of Dublin Bay, 
 to the boundary of Kildare at Leixlip, 
 is upwards of 18 English miles. The 
 coast line from Bray to the point of 
 junction with Meath is about 70 Eng- 
 lish miles. It comprises 388 square 
 miles, or 248,631 English acres, of 
 which 237,819 are cultivated, and 
 10,812 are unimproved bog and moun- 
 tain. The county is divided into 
 nine Baronies : — 1. Balrothery, or Bai- 
 ruddery, on the north; 2. Nether- 
 cross, scattered through the other 
 Baronies in seven separate tracts, of 
 which six lie north of the city of Dub- 
 lin; 3. Coolock, on the north-east of 
 Dublin ; 4. Castleknoek, on the north- 
 west of that city ; 5. Newcastle, south 
 and south-west ; 6. Donore, includ- 
 ing a part of the south-west of Dub- 
 lin ; 7. St Sepulchre’s, containing a 
 part of the south of Dublin ; 8. Upper- 
 cross, containing the suburbs of Ra- 
 nelagh, Harold’s Cross, and Dalkey ; 
 9. Half Rathdown, on the south-east of 
 Dublin. A small detached portion is 
 surrounded by the counties of Wick- 
 low and Kildare. The Baronies are 
 subdivided into 78 parishes, besides 
 parts of four parishes which are with- 
 in the city. The regular city parishes 
 are not included in the above num- 
 ber. The farther subdivision into 
 townlands is retained, but is little 
 used, because the county is very dif- 
 ferently apportioned for the purpose 
 of collecting the local taxes. 
 
 391 
 
 DUB 
 
 The Bay of Dublin is deservedly 
 admired by strangers who approach 
 the city by sea, and is deemed by some 
 inferior only to the Bay of Naples in 
 scenic grandeur. Dublin Bay, hovv- 
 ever, is very unsafe for shipping, and 
 is dangerous to mariners, being com- 
 pletely exposed to a heavy sea and 
 gales from the east. It is encumber- 
 ed by the great sand tracts on each 
 side of the Liffey, known as the North 
 and South Bull. The pier, consisting 
 of a mound of gravel, contained be- 
 tween double stone walls, was com- 
 menced by the Irish Government in 
 1748, to protect the navigation of the 
 Liffey from the sands of the South 
 Bull. It extends from the suburb of 
 Ringsend along the northern margin 
 of the South Bull 7938 feet, where the 
 main work terminates in a basin and 
 packet station designated the Pigeon 
 House, and the remainder of the 
 channel, which is upwards of 9800 feet 
 from the Pigeon House to the north- 
 eastern channel of the South Bull, 
 was protected by a range of frame 
 work and piles, but a Lighthouse was 
 erected in 1761 at the extremity of the 
 Bull, and the long line of sea wall was 
 carried inward to the Pigeon House 
 in 1796. This wall, which supplanted 
 the frame work and piles, is composed 
 of two parallel walls of hewn granite, 
 laid without cement, the intervening 
 space filled to a certain height with 
 gravel and shingle, over which is a 
 course of stone work imbedded in 
 cement, and the w hole surmounted by 
 large granite blocks laid in tarras. 
 The wall is 32 feet wide at bottom, 
 and 28 feet at top. The Parliament- 
 ary aid granted for the construction 
 of this stupendous wall from 1753 to 
 1780 was L.57,169. The wall on the 
 opposite side to confine the sands of 
 the North Bull, constructed by the 
 Ballast Board of Dublin, cost from 
 1819 to 1824 the large sum of L. 103, 055. 
 Much of this money may be said to 
 have been literally thrown aw'ay, for 
 the navigation is still bad, constant 
 dredging is requisite, and the bar has 
 only five feet water at spring ebbs. 
 
DUB 
 
 DUB THE GAZETTEER 
 
 The insecurity of the Bay and the 
 failure of the works at Howth caused 
 the formation of the asylum harbour 
 at Dunleary or Kingstown. 
 
 The principal creeks north of the 
 peninsula of Howth are Ireland’s Eye, 
 or Baldoyle, Malahide, or Portmar- 
 nock Pier, and Rogerstown, but these 
 are merely tidal harbours, and are of 
 trivial commercial advantage. OIF 
 Rogerstown is Lambay Island, and 
 between Rush and Skerries is Drum- 
 nough Point. The only tolerable 
 harbour north of Howth is Balbrig- 
 gan (see Balbriggan). Skerries, the 
 chief fishing village on the east coast 
 of Ireland, has a pier for small vessels 
 450 feet long, erected in 1755. South 
 of Skerries is the creek of Lough 
 Shinney, which is a site for a capa- 
 cious harbour. The Muldowny Bank 
 lying off the creek of Malahide is an 
 excellent artificial oyster bed. The 
 Railway from Dublin to Drogheda is 
 carried along the coast ; and the Rail- 
 way to Enniskillen, with its branch at 
 Navan to Armagh, enters the county 
 of Meath at Clonee (see Railway). 
 
 The only rivers of any note are the 
 Liffey, the Dodder, and the Tolka. 
 The Liffey has only a course of eight 
 miles through the county and city to 
 the Bay at Ringsend ; the Dodder is a 
 collection of streams from the Kip- 
 pure Mountain in the county, having 
 a course of ten miles ; and the Tolka, 
 which rises near Dunbryna in Meatb, 
 enters the Bay by Ballybough Bridge. 
 The Royal Canal is connected with 
 the Liffey by docks east of the Cus- 
 tom House, Lough Owel in West- 
 meath supplying the summit level; 
 and the Grand Canal, the summit 
 level of which is supplied by the Mid- 
 dleton and Blackwood streams, is as- 
 cended from James’ Street Harbour 
 by four double and 14 single locks ; 
 but its second terminus is an exten- 
 sive range of docks covering 25 Eng- 
 lish acres, on the south side of the 
 Liffey at Ringsend, where the com- 
 munication with the river is by three 
 sea locks (see Canal). 
 
 The southern Baronies of thecoun- 
 392 
 
 ty form an extensive inclined plane 
 which commences at the shore, and 
 rises gradually to the height of up- 
 wards of 1000 feet above the level. 
 The elevated grounds above the coast 
 are occupied by marine villas and 
 seats of the nobility and gentry. This 
 beautiful distri ct was, previous to 1 8 1 0, 
 little better than a dreary granite 
 tract, but the whole is completely al- 
 tered, harbours and other stupendous 
 works are constructed, rich woods, 
 finely cultivated fields, and luxuriant 
 demesnes, every where meet the eye, 
 while the lofty mountains in the rear 
 form a magnificent background. The 
 northern Baronies, however, though 
 greatly improved, are level, tame, less 
 picturesque, but verdant and pro- 
 ductive. Villas, gardens, dairy-farms, 
 and kitchen gardens, occupy the im- 
 mediate neighbourhood of the capital ; 
 and grazing farms and meadow lands 
 extend over the tracts not occupied 
 by demesnes. The useful minerals 
 appear to be limited. 
 
 The county is rich in ecclesiastical 
 j and historical antiquities, which are 
 noticed in proper order. The Grand 
 Jury presentments are said to amount 
 to L. 18,000 per annum, and the ex- 
 penses of the constabulary force 
 average between L.6000 and L.7000. 
 All the fever hospitals and dispen- 
 saries throughout the county are sup- 
 ported by equal voluntary contribu- 
 tions and Grand Jury presentments. 
 The commerce of the county, exclu- 
 sive of the capital and its vicinity, is 
 limited to the coast trade carried on 
 at Balbriggan, Bray, and the other sea- 
 port towns and villages. Consider- 
 able quantities of flour are manufac- 
 tured, and among the extensive flour- 
 mills may be mentioned those called 
 the City of Dublin’s Flour- mills, at 
 Usher’s Island on the Liffey. The 
 fisheries employ decked and half- 
 decked vessels and sailing boats. The 
 fishing grounds lie in from 15 to 
 60 fathoms water, between the Dub- 
 lin coast and the Isle of Man; but be- j 
 tween Rush and Lambay Island is good | 
 fishing ground. 
 
DUG 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 DTJH 
 
 DUFFERIN, a very small Barony 
 of the county of Down, containing 
 only two parishes, and hounded on 
 the east and south by Strangford 
 Lough. This district gives the title 
 of Baron, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the Noble Family of Blackwood, of 
 Scotish origin, of whom the cele- 
 brated Adam Blackwood, the defender 
 of Queen Mary, and one of her Privy 
 Councillors, was a member. James 
 Blackwood, Esq. emigrated from Fife- 
 shire to the county of Down about the 
 end of the seventeenth century, and 
 acquired considerable property. His 
 son, Robert Blackwood, Esq. of Bal- 
 lykeidy, county of Down, was created 
 a Baronet in 1763; and his son, Sir 
 John, married Dorcas, eldest daughter 
 and heiress of James Stevenson, Esq. 
 of Killyleagh, who was created Ba- 
 roness DufFerin and Claneboy in 
 1800. Her Ladyship died in 1808, 
 and was succeeded by her son, Sir 
 James, first Baron DufFerin and Clane- 
 boy. 
 
 DUGORT, or Dugurth, a small 
 village on the north-east side of the 
 Island of Achill, and four miles from 
 Keel, the principal village on that 
 Island. In the vicinity is the Mis- 
 sionary Establishment, connected with 
 the Church of Ireland, under the su- 
 perintendence of the Rev. Edward 
 Nangle and the Rev. Mr Baylee, w hich 
 has occupied a considerable share of 
 public attention. The village is de- 
 scribed as a “ dirty, dreary, uncouth 
 place,*’ containing some houses which 
 “ once had gable ends.” — “ The Pro- 
 testant Settlement,** says the author 
 of a Tour in Connaught, “ is a con- 
 trast to the congeries of ■wigwams 
 called Dugort. It consists of a long 
 I range of elated buildings fronting the 
 south-east, and with its rear to Slieve- 
 raore (mountain), that rises in great 
 loftiness to the north-west, ornament- 
 ed by a sort of pedimented building 
 in the centre, having a handsome 
 broad esplanade in front, on the other 
 side of which extend some well-culti- 
 vated, w'ell-ordered gardens. — I rose 
 early in the morning, and visited the 
 393 
 
 whole range of buildings of which the 
 Settlement is composed. The first of 
 the line to the north is the house of 
 Dr Adams ; next is the infant school; 
 then the boys’ and Sunday school, 
 which has a communion table, and 
 reading desk, and pulpit, and for the 
 present is the chapel; then the two 
 central houses, forming the residence 
 of the chaplains ; next are the female 
 school, the printing-office, the house 
 of the steward, and the houses of the 
 schoolmasters and Scripture readers.’ 
 Dr Adams, the gentleman above men- 
 tioned, is a physician of private for- 
 tune, who left a lucrative professional 
 practice in Dublin, and went to Achill 
 from curiosity to see the Missionary 
 Settlement, and was so impressed with 
 the great field of usefulness before 
 him, that he generously resolved to 
 make the island his residence, erected 
 a house, and laid out a neat garden, 
 w’hich produces abundance of fruit 
 and vegetables, the first fruit, it is 
 said, except a tilberry, which ever 
 ripened on the island. He opened a 
 well-furnished Dispensary for the be- 
 nefit of the natives. The conduct of 
 Dr Adams is a noble instance of bene- 
 volent disinterestedness. About a 
 quarter of a mile to the left is an im- 
 mense mass of limestone, of the pri- 
 mitive formation, containing abund- 
 ance of silex, discovered by the Rev. 
 J. D. Sirr, of which, though now well 
 known to the islanders, they obsti- 
 nately neglect to take any advantage. 
 Mr Nangle obtained a lease of the fine 
 improveahle Island of Jnnisbeagle, 
 comprising 300 acres, from Sir Richard 
 O’Donnell, which will enhance the 
 prosperity of the Settlement, as the 
 reclaimable land previously possessed 
 w as not sufficient to support the peo- 
 ple. Whatever beauties this locality 
 may possess, the Island of Achill, from 
 its remote position, must be a most 
 undesirable winter residence, 
 
 DUIIALLOW, a mountainous Ba- 
 rony in the county of Cork, compris- 
 ing twelve parishes, and watered by 
 the Blackwater, the Alla, and other 
 streams. It contains the town of 
 
DUL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER DUN 
 
 Newmarket, and quarries of fine dark 
 marble are wrought at Ballyclough. 
 
 DUKES WELL, a stage on the route 
 from Dublin to Waterford, by Carlow, 
 Leighlin Bridge, and Royal Oak, three 
 miles from Ballyhale, and two miles 
 from the village of Mullinavat. It is 
 marked by a few straggling cabins. 
 
 DULANE, or Duleene, a parochial 
 chapelry in the Barony of Upper Kells, 
 county and Diocese of Meath, annex- 
 ed to the rectory of Kells, and the 
 chapelries of Rathboyne and Burry. 
 Population in 1831, 1503. Post-town, 
 Kells. 
 
 DULEEK (Upper and Lower), 
 two Baronies in the east of the county 
 of Meath, the former comprising 8941 
 acres, the latter 10,020 acres. See 
 Meath. 
 
 DULEEK, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Upper, but chiefly in the Lower 
 Barony of its name, county and Dio- 
 cese of Meath, united to a rectory, two 
 vicarages, and one curacy. The de- 
 mesne of Duleek, belonging to the 
 Marquis of Thomond, watered by the 
 Nanny river, is a fine object in this 
 rich, varied, and fertile district. The 
 small town of Duleek, nine miles 
 from Ashbourne, and four miles from 
 Drogheda, boasts of h ; gh ecclesiastical 
 antiquity, and was the See of one of 
 the numerous small Bishoprics which 
 merged into the See of Meath in the 
 thirteenth century. St Keenan is said 
 to have built a church of stone mate- 
 rials at Duleek as early as the fourth 
 century, and the ruins of two of its 
 three ancient religious houses still 
 remain. The town consists of one 
 broad avenue, with a few diverging 
 lanes. The parish church is a mo- 
 dern building; the Roman Catholic 
 chapel is an elegant Gothic edifice 
 with a school-room adjoining; and 
 there are several schools throughout 
 the parish, and a dispensary. In the 
 town are two stone crosses, and in 
 the country part another elegantly 
 carved. On the Nanny water is an 
 extensive flour-mill. The manufac- 
 ture of ticken, for which the town was 
 noted, is considerably diminished. 
 
 394 
 
 Duleek returned two members to the 
 Irish Parliament, but was disfran- 
 chised at the Union, and the Corpora- 
 tion became extinct. It has a weekly 
 market on Thursdays, and four an- 
 nual fairs, but little business is done. 
 Petty Sessions are held, and the town 
 is one of the stations of the County 
 Constabulary force. Races are held 
 on the fine fertile summit of Belle ws- 
 town Hill, about a mile south. In the 
 vicinity are the residences of Baybeg 
 and Baymore, and the fine baronial 
 mansion of Platten. Population of 
 the town in 1831, 1217 : of the parish, 
 4470. 
 
 DUN, a stream in the county of 
 Antrim, which enters the sea at a 
 little creek near the village of Cush- 
 endun. See Cushendun. 
 
 DUNAFF-HEAD, the extreme 
 point on the eastern entrance of 
 Lough Swilly, county of Londonderry. 
 
 DUNAGHY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Kile on way, county 
 of Antrim, and Diocese of Connor, 
 on the Ravel Water, comprising near- 
 ly 4000 arable acres, and upwards of 
 4500 acres of mountain. The village 
 of Dunaghy, which has a mineral 
 spring in some repute, is six miles 
 from Ballymena, nine miles from Bal- 
 ly money, fourteen miles from Bally- 
 castle, and ten from Cushandal. Be- 
 sides the parish church, it has a Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel, and two Dis- 
 senting meeting-houses. Several fairs 
 are held. The village of Clough is 
 the chief one in the Barony, and stands 
 on the acclivity of a hill not far from 
 the parish church. It contains the 
 manor of Old Stone and the Court 
 House, the latter rebuilt about 1766. 
 The vestiges of Clough Castle are on 
 a high rock overlooking the village, 
 and there are several Danish forts, 
 one of which is on the high hill of Dun- 
 gonell, another on Dundermot, one 
 nearly erased on Carnbeg, and two on 
 Dunbright. In the burial-ground of 
 Dunaghy are numbers of curious se- 
 pulchral monuments. The river Ra- 
 vel skirts the parish to the south, the 
 Altakeerag to the north, and the 
 
DUN OF IRELAND. DUN 
 
 Main to the west — the last rising at the 
 head of a large bog four miles west 
 of Dundermot Bridge. “ The great 
 body of the parish,” says the Rev. 
 William Mayne, “ has the appearance 
 of one hill rising above another ; there 
 are none, however, which claim par- 
 ticular notice, except the oblique hills 
 of Moneyduff and Ballyboggy.” Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3451. 
 
 DUNAMANAGH, a village in the 
 parish of Donagheady, county of Ty- 
 rone, upwards of six miles distant from 
 the town of Strabane, in the upland 
 district beyond Hollyhill, near which 
 are the residences of Earl’s Gift, Sil- 
 verbrook, and Lough Ash. 
 
 DUN AM A SE, or the Fort of the 
 Plain , an elevated and fortified rock 
 on the plain or heath of Maryborough, 
 Queen’s County, about five miles 
 from that town. The rock forms 
 part of a chain of low hills which rise 
 from the flat lands near A thy, and 
 run west towards Abbeyleix, varying 
 the plain traversed by the road from 
 Monastereven to Maryborough. It 
 was once the residence of the O’Mores 
 of Leix, next of MacMurrough, and 
 was considered the principal fortress 
 in the district anciently called Hy- 
 Kinsela. After the arrival of the 
 English it was acquired by Strong- 
 bow Earl of Pembroke, by his mar- 
 riage with Isabella, daughter of Mac- 
 Murrough, King of Leinster, and that 
 nobleman erected a strong castle on 
 the rock about 1216. From that pe- 
 riod, during the following centuries, 
 it was the scene of many bloody deeds, 
 being frequently besieged, taken, and 
 recovered by the contending parties. 
 Sir C. Coote drove the insurgents 
 from it in 1641, and on the retreat of 
 the Marquis of Ormond the castle was 
 possessed by General Preston, but was 
 retaken by the royal troops, who gar- 
 risoned it till 1646, when it fell into 
 the hands of Owen Roe O’Neill. Four 
 years afterwards it was surrendered 
 to Cromwell’s forces under Colonels 
 Hewson and Reynolds, who blew up 
 the fortress, aud left it to moulder to 
 its present state. 
 
 395 
 
 DUN ANY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ferrard, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, on the coast. Dunany Point 
 is a headland five miles from the small 
 town of D unleer, near which, close to 
 the shore, is the residence of Dunany. 
 Population in 1831, 571. 
 
 DUNASS, a locality in the county 
 of Clare, on the west bank of the 
 Shannon, near which is a holy well, 
 ornamented by the usual votive of- 
 ferings, such as wooden bowls, brok- 
 en crockery, blacking-pots, coloured 
 rags, old nails, and other rubbish, in 
 honour of St Seanan Liath, or Seanan 
 the Hoary, the patron saint of the pa 
 rish in which is St Seanan’s Well. 
 
 DUNBEG, a straggling village on 
 a bay of its name in the parish of Kil- 
 lard, county of Clare, about ten miles 
 from Milltown, on the road to Kilkee. 
 A small pier was erected here by the 
 Fishery Board. 
 
 DUNBELLA, a parish and vicar- 
 age, with a village of its name, in the 
 Barony of Gowran, county of Kilken- 
 ny, and Diocese of Ossory, in the 
 Union of Burnchurch. Population in 
 1831, 684. Post-town, Gowran. 
 
 DUNBIN, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Dundalk, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 Population in 1831, 947. Post-town, 
 Lurgan Green. 
 
 DUNBOE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Coleraine, county of 
 Londonderry, and Diocese of Derry, 
 on the coast. Population in 1831, 5018. 
 Post-town, Coleraine. 
 
 DUNBOLLOGE. See Carrig. 
 navar. 
 
 DUNBOYNE, a Barony, forming 
 the south-east quarter of the county I 
 of Meath, comprising 2698 acres, and | 
 containing the parish and town of 
 Clonee, on the Clonee river. It gives 1 
 the title of Baron, in the Peerage of ( 
 Ireland, to a branch of the great Fa- 1 
 mily of Butler. Sir Edmund Butler, 
 Knight, was created Lord Dunboyne 
 in 1541. James fourth Baron, who 
 succeeded in 1641, was outlawed for I 
 rebellion, and his cousin and succes- 
 
DUN 
 
 DUN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 sor, Pierce, fifth Baron, was also out- 
 lawed. The six succeeding Barons 
 were merely nominal, or by courtesy, 
 as was also the Hon. and Rev. John 
 Butler, D.D., Roman Catholic Bishop 
 of Cork, twelfth Baron. His Lord- 
 ship renounced the doctrines of the 
 Church of Rome, and married, but 
 died without issue in 1SO0. James 
 Butler, Esq., descended from a young- 
 er son of James second Baron, was 
 his successor, assumed the title, and 
 having proved his lineal descent, was 
 confirmed therein by the special in- 
 terference of the Crown, by a warrant 
 of George IV., dated 26th October 
 1827, and the outlawries were all re- 
 versed. 
 
 DUNBOYNE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of its name, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. The village 
 of Dunboyne, twelve miles from Dub- 
 lin, on the general road to Summer- 
 hill, is prettily situated near the Tolka 
 river, and near it are the fine de- 
 mesne of Dunboyne Castle, and se- 
 veral neat residences. Population in 
 1831, 2419. 
 
 DUNBREA, a parochial curacy 
 connected with Athy, in the county of 
 Kildare, and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 
 DUNBRODY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Shel- 
 burne, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, at the entrance of the 
 river Suir into Waterford Harbour. 
 Dunbrody Abbey, three miles above 
 Bally hack, founded in 1178, is one of 
 the noblest romantic ruins in this 
 part of Ireland, on a projecting point 
 of land at the confluence of the tidal 
 rivers Suir and Ross. The ruins of 
 this fine structure, which in the opi- 
 nion of some may stand a comparison 
 with the celebrated English Abbey of 
 Furness, jwesent a trisected aisle of 
 great magnitude, the walks of which 
 are separated by two noble arcades, 
 supported by square pillars. The 
 tower, which rests on four lofty arches, 
 is still entire, and the western gable 
 contains the justly admired window, 
 prominently introduced in the pub- 
 lished views of this splendid ruin. 
 
 396 
 
 Two miles below the abbey is Dun- 
 brody Park, the seat of Lord Temple- 
 more, and above the abbey is the re- 
 sidence of Kilmanick. Numerous 
 villas adorn the estuary here formed 
 by the confluence of the two rivers. 
 Post-town, Arthurstown. 
 
 DUNCANELY, or Duxkanally, a 
 village in the parish of Killaghtee, 
 county of Donegal, four miles irom 
 Killybegs. Fairs are held in it on the 
 1st of January, 2d of February, 2d of 
 March, 6th of April, 1st of July, and 
 16th of October. 
 
 DUNC ANNON, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Dunbrody, county of Wexford, 
 situated on Waterford Harbour, two 
 miles below Ballyhack, and Lord 
 Templemore’s seat of Dunbrody Park. 
 The Fort, which occupies a com- 
 manding position over the Harbour, 
 was built in 1588, and is still preserv- 
 ed for the accommodation of a small 
 garrison. The Governor’s residence 
 is a distinct house ; the barracks are 
 permanent ; a chapel is erected ; and 
 the works are mounted by thirty 
 pieces of artillery. The Fort was 
 taken by King William’s troops in 
 1690. Duncannon gives the title of 
 Viscount to the Noble Family of Pon- 
 sonby, Earls of Besborough. 
 
 DUNCORMUCK, a parish and vic- 
 arage in the Barony of Bargie, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. 
 The village of its name is twelve miles 
 from the town of Wexford, on a very 
 considerable salt-water lough, con- 
 nected with Ballyteigue Bay by a 
 narrow inlet, on the road from Wex- 
 ford to Bannow. Population in 1831, 
 1595. Post-town, Wexford. 
 
 DUNCRUTHEN. See Dunboe. 
 
 DUNDALK (Upper and Lower), 
 two Baronies in the county of Louth. 
 Upper Dundalk forms the north-west 
 part of the county, and Lower Dun- 
 dalk is the north-east part. A group of 
 mountains, rising from 1000 to 1900 
 feet, extends over a district 15 miles 
 in length and five miles in breadth, 
 stretching across the Armagh border, 
 eastward into the great peninsula 
 forming the northern boundary of the 
 
DUN OF IRELAND. DUN 
 
 Bay of Dundalk, and the southern 
 limit of Carlingford Lough and the 
 basin of the Newry river. The ge- 
 neral direction of these mountains is 
 from north-west to south-east, and 
 they are divided into nearly two equal 
 portions by a ravine or defile tra- 
 versing the group from north to 
 south. Through this spacious defile is 
 carried the great Northern Road at a 
 considerable height above the bed of 
 a mountain stream, which forms a 
 beautiful and romantic sheet of water 
 in the demesne of Ravensdale. The 
 steep declivity of the mountain, 
 which rises 1500 feet above the level 
 of the surrounding glen, is clothed 
 with plantations to the height of se- 
 veral hundred feet, and this hanging 
 screen of foliage is prolonged in the 
 south by a series of similar planta- 
 tions extending to the Bay of Dundalk. 
 The prominent wooded eminence 
 called Trumpet Hill, 465 feet in height, 
 but from its extreme steepness, ap- 
 parently much higher, rises between 
 the main mountain range and the 
 shore. On the eastern side of the 
 Pass of Ravensdale the chief heights 
 are Clermont, 1462 feet; Clermont 
 Cairn, 1674 feet; and Dorlargy, 906 
 feet. From the eastern side of Ra- 
 vensdale the mountains extend to the 
 Newry river and Carlingford Bay, 
 which they overhang in masses rising 
 almost immediately from the water’s 
 edge, and the chief heights are Corra- 
 hill, 1869 feet, and Carlingford Moun- 
 tain, 1935 feet. Towards the ex- 
 tremity of the peninsula, and along 
 the Bay of Dundalk, are considerable 
 margins of level land between the 
 mountains and the sea. This tract 
 produces heavy crops of wheat. The 
 whole district is romantic in no or- 
 dinary degree, and the approach to 
 the town of Dundalk from the north 
 is of peculiar beauty, heightened by 
 the bleakness of the boggy tract of 
 Killeavy traversed by the road. 
 
 DUNDALK, a parish, vicarage, par- 
 liamentary borough, and the county 
 town in the Barony of its name, coun- 
 ty of Louth, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 397 
 
 magh, 51 miles north of Dublin, is si- 
 tuated at the head of a small inlet 
 running off from Dundalk Bay, where 
 the Castletown stream enters the sea. 
 The tow r n of Dundalk is of very remote 
 antiquity, supposed to be the Dundal - 
 gan of the Irish Ossianic bards, and 
 the residence of their hero Cuchullin. 
 Being situated on the lower ford of 
 the Castletown river, the possession 
 of it was of the utmost importance to 
 the English, as it is on the direct 
 line of road into the Province of Ulster. 
 The march of the English northward 
 under De Courcy was here opposed 
 by O’Hanlon; a battle ensued, the re- 
 sult of which was doubtful, but many 
 of the Irish were drowned in the 
 fords, and the town remained in pos- 
 session of the English. In the reign 
 of Henry II. Bertram de Verdon re- 
 ceived a grant of the town and vicinity, 
 and he founded an Augustine Priory, 
 which he dedicated to St Leonard. 
 A monastery for Grey Friars was 
 founded by John de Verdon, on the 
 east of the town, in the reign of 
 Henry HI. 
 
 At the Scotish invasion under Ed- 
 ward Bruce in 1315, Dundalk was one 
 of the first places of which he obtained 
 possession, and here he caused himself 
 to be solemnly crowned King of Ire- i 
 land in 1317. Edward Bruce actually ! 
 reigned unmolested for twelve months. 
 After ravaging the South of Ireland, 
 he returned to Dundalk about the lat- 
 ter end of 1318, and he was encounter- I 
 ed and slain at the Faughart, a height 1 
 on the north side of the Castletown 
 river, by Lord Bermingham. For 
 this service the victor was created 
 Earl of Louth, and received a grant of 
 the manor of Ardee. During O’Neill’s 
 rebellion in the reign of Elizabeth, 
 the insurgents in vain attempted to 
 take the town, but it was entered 
 without opposition by Sir Phelim 
 O’Neill in 1641. In March 1642 it was 
 taken by storm by Lord Moore and 
 Sir Henry Tichbourne, on which oc- 
 casion the main-gate was broken by 
 pick-axes. Dundalk surrendered, after 
 the capture of Drogheda by Cromwell, 
 
 2 L 
 
DUN 
 
 DUN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 in 1649, and in 1690 the forces of King 
 William possessed it before the battle 
 of the Boyne. 
 
 The principal street of Dundalk 
 extends nearly north and south, on 
 the line of the great North Road. At 
 the northern extremity of this main 
 street is the bridge, south from which 
 are the Linen Hall and parish church ; 
 nearly in the centre of this street are 
 the Market House — a plain edifice, 
 and the County Court House, a very 
 elegant structure of cut stone. The 
 County Infirmary — a brick building 
 in the Elizabethan or Tudor style, is 
 at the southern extremity. The de- 
 mesne of Dundalk House, the seat of 
 the Earl of Roden, who is patron and 
 proprietor of almost the whole site of 
 the town, skirts the western side of 
 the entire length of the main street. 
 The other leading streets diverge 
 eastward, and an extensive Barrack 
 for Cavalry terminates the town in 
 this direction. Dundalk contains 
 some good houses and shops, but the 
 greater part of it consists of poor 
 tenements, and it has its due comple- 
 ment of wretched alleys, dirty laues, 
 and squalid suburbs. The general 
 appearance of the town, however, is 
 improved by the hedgerows of the 
 town fields on the one hand, and by 
 the fine woods and plantations of Dun- 
 dalk House, in which demesne is a 
 splendid old avenue of lime trees. 
 The provisions of the lighting and 
 paving act were first enforced in 1832, 
 and the general assessment in 1840 
 was upwards of L.700. 
 
 Besides the public buildings already 
 mentioned, the town contains a Guild- 
 hall, Jail, an elegant Roman Catholic 
 chapel, small Presbyterian and Me- 
 thodist meeting-houses, various pub- 
 lic schools, some charitable institu- 
 tions, and Branches of the Bank of 
 Ireland, and of the National Bank of 
 Ireland. There are two breweries, a 
 large distillery, and a steam power 
 mill for grinding wheat. The corn 
 trade is very extensively carried on ; 
 the exports of grain of all kinds are 
 very considerable, averaging probably 
 398 
 
 700,000 cwts. ; in 1835 the value of the 
 exports was L.452,813 ; the imports 
 L. 107,953. The export of butter and 
 eggs is also very large, chiefly collect- 
 ed from the counties of Monaghan, 
 Cavan, and the northern parts of 
 Longford. In 1835 the butter export- 
 ed for the season w*as 550 tons ; the 
 number of eggs, 2,410,800 ; yards of 
 linen, 60,000 ; wool, 15,680 lbs. ; cow’s 
 and oxen, 3932 ; horses, 100 ; sheep, 
 7266 ; swine, 48,813. The imports in 
 that year w r ere coal, culm, and cinders ; 
 cotton and woollen manufactures, 
 haberdashery, herrings ; oak bark for 
 tanners, and groceries. Steamers, the 
 property of a Dundalk Company, ply 
 regularly between the port and Liver- 
 pool ; and it is pleasant to say of Dun- 
 dalk in one word, that it is a thriving 
 place. 
 
 The town of Dundalk is the head of 
 an excise, comprising New’ry and War- 
 ren Point in the county of Down, Ar- 
 dee in Louth, and the whole of the 
 county of Monaghan. At Soldier’s 
 Point, a little below the town, and 
 near the entrance of the harbour, is 
 the Revenue station. By the Irish 
 Municipal Bill, the style of the Cor- 
 poration is the Bailiff, Burgesses, 
 and Commonalty of the Borough of 
 Dundalk. Before the Union the town 
 returned tw’O Members to the Irish 
 Parliament, who w ere the mere nomi- 
 nees of the patron, and it now returns 
 one Member to the Imperial Parlia- 
 ment ; constituency in 1840-1, 423. 
 Population in 1831, 10,078. 
 
 DUNDERROW,aparochial district 
 united to the parish of Dunaghy, in 
 the county of Antrim. Post-town, 
 Ballymena. 
 
 DUNDERROW, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Kinna. 
 lea, county and Diocese of Cork. 
 The village of Dunderrow is about 
 four miles from Kinsale, Population 
 in 1831, 2493. 
 
 DUNDONALD, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Castlereagh, 
 county and Diocese of Down. The 
 village of Dundonald is on the road 
 from Belfast to Newtonards, and con- 
 
DUN OF IRELAND. DUN 
 
 tains the parish church, a Presbyterian 
 meeting- house, and a large bleach- 
 green. The district is well cultivat- 
 ed, and is ornamented by several neat 
 villas. Population in 1831, 1669. Post- 
 town, Cumber. 
 
 DUNDONNELL, a small parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Lower 
 Connello, county and Diocese of Li- 
 merick. It is one of the benefices 
 forming the Union of Kathkeale, and 
 constituting the corps of the Chan- 
 cellorship of Limerick. Population 
 in 1831, 476. Post-town, Rathkeale. 
 
 DUNDRUM, a picturesque village 
 in the parish of Taney, about four 
 miles from Dublin, in a sheltered 
 glen at the base of the Garry castle 
 and Three Rock Mountains. The 
 road to it crosses the Dodder from 
 the south side of Dublin, and passes 
 through the village of Milltown. It 
 lias a good street, a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, and numerous small neat 
 villas, for the accommodation of in- 
 valids and others induced to retire 
 thither by the salubrity of the cli- 
 mate. A short distance beyond Dun- 
 drum is the villa of Moreen, and near 
 it, conspicuously perched on the hill, 
 is the cottage erected by Alderman 
 Darley. In the neighbourhood are 
 the old castle, church ruins, and vil- 
 lage of Kilternan, Kilternan House, 
 the lead mines, and the residence of 
 Springfield, picturesquely situated at 
 the commencement of the ravine call- 
 ed the Scalp. 
 
 DUNDRUM, a village in the parish 
 of Kilmegan, county of Down, on the 
 excellent fishing estuary of Dundrum 
 Bay, about three miles east from 
 Bryansford, and four miles from New- 
 castle. Its castle, of which some 
 trifling ruins remain, was built by Sir 
 John de Courcy for Knights Tem- 
 plars, who occupied it till the aboli- 
 tion of the Order in 1313. The vil- 
 lage, which is a summer sea-bathing 
 resort, has been much improved by 
 the Marquis of Dovvnshire, the pro- 
 ! prietor. His Lordship has erected a 
 ! bathing lodge for his own accommo- 
 dation, and a good inn for visitors. 
 
 399 
 
 Here is a small harbour, from which 
 an occasional sloops sails with grain 
 and potatoes. The great extent of 
 the rabbit warren round Dundrum 
 Bay imparts to the shore an arid and 
 dreary aspect. On the road to Kil- 
 lough is the residence of Tyrella 
 House. Fairs are held at Dundrum 
 on the 3d of January, 5th of February, 
 12th of May, 6th of August, and 10th 
 of October. 
 
 DUNE AN, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Upper Half Barony of Toome, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, which contains several vil- 
 lages and numerous subscription poor 
 schools. Population in 1831, 6812. 
 
 DUNEMARC, a picturesque cove 
 about a mile from the town of Bantry, 
 at which is a fine cascade formed by 
 the Moyalea, which falls from a height 
 of 20 feet into the sea. Near this, on 
 an elevated spot at the rear of Gurten- 
 roe House, is the best central view of 
 the Bay. See Bantry. 
 
 DUNFANAGHY, a town and small 
 sea-port in the parish of Clondahor- 
 key, county of Donegal, on a creek in 
 the sequestered inlet of Sheephaven, 
 immediately under Horn Head, which 
 rises north of it, and the western side 
 of which contains the rocky perfora- 
 tion known as M' Swine's Gun. This 
 is the chief town, though very small, 
 in this remote part of the county, and 
 is the head quarters of the Coast 
 Guard for the district. Near the 
 town is Horn Head House, and a most 
 extensive rabbit warren is connected 
 with the demesne. Dunfanaghy is 
 about 174 English miles from Dublin, 
 and the nearest towns of any note are 
 Strabane and Letterkenny, respective- 
 ly upwards of 50 and 30 miles distant. 
 Fairs* are held on the 10th of June, 
 5th of August, 2d of October, and 17th 
 of November. Population in 1831, 
 464. 
 
 DUNGANNON, a thriving market 
 and parliamentary town in the parish 
 of Drumglass, county of Tyrone, on a 
 tributary of the Blackwater, 96 Eng- 
 lish miles from Dublin, and 15 miles 
 from Armagh. It was the constant 
 
DUN THE GAZETTEER DUN 
 
 residence of the O’Neills, Kings of 
 Ulster, who had here a castle, and one 
 of those O’Neills founded a Franciscan 
 Friary on the south side of the town. 
 The history of Dungannon is a con- 
 tinued series of wars, ravagings, and 
 plunderings, till 1689. In 1782 the 
 delegates from the Ulster Corps of 
 Volunteers assembled in the town, 
 and declared the Irish Parliament in- 
 dependent. Dungannon consists of 
 an old and a new town, the former of 
 which is particularly ugly, but the 
 ! latter is judiciously laid out, contains 
 ! many good houses, and the whole is 
 I lighted with gas. The trade consists 
 of weaving and bleaching linen, the 
 sale of agricultural produce and of 
 retail articles, a distillery, brewery, 
 large corn-mills, small manufactories 
 of coarse earthenware in the neigh- 
 j bourhood, and the extensive Drum- 
 glass coaleries about a mile from the 
 town. The public buildings are the 
 Market House, Court House, parish 
 church, Roman Catholic chapel, and 
 Presbyterian and Methodist meeting- 
 houses, which as edifices present no- 
 thing remarkable in point of archi- 
 tecture. The College of Dungannon 
 was founded in 1628, but the present 
 edifice was erected in 1786, during the 
 Primacy of Lord Rokeby, who contri- 
 buted toward its erection. This 
 Royal School, as it is called, is en- 
 dowed with 1600 acres, and its land 
 yields an annual rent of about L.1500. 
 The salary of the master is L.600 per 
 annum, and the appointment is vested 
 in the Lord Lieutenant. Besides the 
 ordinary branches of education, the 
 subjects of examination are the He- 
 brew, Greek, Latin, and French lan- 
 guages; History, Antiquities, Geo- 
 graphy, Logic ; Mechanics, Hydrosta- 
 tics, Pneumatics, Trigonometry, and 
 Algebra. The Examinations are at 
 the Hilary, Trinity, and Michaelmas 
 Terms. The Earl of Ranfurly gives 
 premiums to students of this School 
 for distinguished answering at the 
 i University, and Science and Classical 
 j medals are also awarded. The Earl 
 j of Ranfurly is the proprietor of the 
 400 
 
 town, and his Lordship’s seat of North- 
 land Park is in the near vicinity. The 
 market day is Saturday, and fairs are 
 held on the first Tuesday of each 
 month. In the Municipal Act the 
 Corporation is styled the Provost, 
 Free Burgesses, and Commons of the 
 Borough of Dungannon. The town 
 returns one Member to the Imperial 
 Parliament ; constituency in 1840-1, 
 1 67. It also gives the title of Viscount, 
 in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 Noble Family of Hill- Trevor. Mi- 
 
 chael Hill, Esq. of Hillsborough, in 
 the county of Down, married Anne, 
 daughter of Sir Jofin Trevor, Knight, 
 Speaker of the English House of Com- 
 mons, by whom he had two sons, 
 Trevor, created Viscount Hillsbo- 
 rough, ancestor of the Marquis of 
 Downshire, and Arthur, M.P. for the 
 county of Down in 1727, who inherited 
 the estates of his maternal grand- 
 father iu Denbighshire in 1762, at the 
 possession of which he assumed the 
 additional sui’name of Trevor, and was 
 created Baron Hill and Viscount Dun- 
 gannon in 1765. Population in 1831, 
 3515. 
 
 DUNGANSTOWN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Arklow, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin. Population in 1831,3135. 
 Post-town, Wicklow. 
 
 DUNGARVON, a parish, vicarage, 
 and thriving sea-port town, in the Ba- 
 rony of Decies-without-Drum, coun- 
 ty of Waterford, and Diocese of Lis- 
 more. The borough of Dungarvon, 
 122 miles from Dublin, and about 30 
 miles from Waterford, is situated on 
 a bay of its name, at the debouch of 
 the Colligan river, which is crossed 
 by an elegant bridge of one arch built 
 at the expense of the Duke of Devon- 
 shire. This stream divides the town 
 into two parts, and that on the east 
 bank is called the Abbey Side. This 
 division contains a castle, which is a 
 rude square pile, and the ruins of a 
 monastery, founded by Lord Offaly 
 for Augustinian Eremites, on the 
 foundations of the cells of which the 
 Roman Catholic chapel is erected. 
 
DUN 
 
 DUN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 The castle, erected by King John, in 
 the east quarter of the town, a mas- 
 sive edifice, is now converted into a 
 Barrack. Great improvements have 
 been effected in this town by the Duke 
 of Devonshire. In addition to the 
 bridge already mentioned, the arch of 
 which is a span of 75 feet, connected 
 with a causeway 900 feet in length, 
 his Grace erected a handsome street 
 and square, reservoirs for the supply 
 of water, a Market- House furnished 
 with stalls, a Sessions House, School- 
 House, and other edifices, -and con- 
 tributed largely to the Fever Hospi- 
 tals, Dispensaries, and various benevo- 
 lent institutions. The parish church 
 is a modern building, commanding a 
 fine view of the harbour. The quay 
 is a commodious and substantial struc- 
 ture. The herring- fishery of the port 
 is of importance, and the export trade 
 in grain, butter, eggs, potatoes, and 
 other dairy and agricultural produce, 
 is considerable. In 1835 the value of 
 the exports amounted to L. 69, 486 ; the 
 imports, L. 16,312. The town is a 
 great summer sea-bathing resort, but 
 though it has a neat appearance, and 
 is a prospering place, it contains a 
 great number of poor inhabitants, 
 many of whom depend on very pre- 
 carious employments for support. 
 Dungarvon gives the title of Viscount 
 to the Earl of Cork and Orrery, and 
 returns one member to the Imperial 
 Parliament; constituency in 1831, 460. 
 Population in 1831, 8386; of the pa- 
 rish, 12,450. 
 
 DUNGARVON, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Gowran, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 having a village of its name, three 
 miles from Gowran, on the road from 
 that small town to Thomastown. To 
 the right of the village are the resi- 
 dence of Castlefield, and the ruins of 
 Tullo Abbey and Round Tower. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1784. 
 
 DUNGIVEN.a vicarage in the Ba- 
 rony of Kennaught, county of Lon- 
 donderry, and Diocese of Derry. The 
 parish is completely inclosed by moun- 
 tains on two sides, the eastern bound- 
 401 
 
 ary marked by the abrupt basaltic 
 steep of Benbradagh and the adjacent 
 range. It is divided into 35 town- 
 lands, 27 of which are in the manor of 
 Peltipar.held from the Skinners’ Com- 
 pany of London, and six are in the 
 manor of Freemore, the property of 
 the Marquis of Waterford. Therivers 
 are the Roe, or Ruadh, which rises at 
 the base of Slieve-Ban, which is joined 
 by another considerable stream, and 
 by the Owenreagh and Owen-Beg 
 streams, from the mountains of Ba- 
 nagher, which enter the Roe, the for- 
 mer close to the town, and the latter 
 a quarter of a mile distant. These 
 rivers are crossed by several bridges. 
 The Roe, which is liable to sudden 
 and dangerous inundations, is tradi- 
 tionally said to derive its name from 
 a Saxon heroine called Ruadh, who 
 was drowned in attempting to cross 
 it, after carrying terror and desola- 
 tion through the adjoining districts. 
 One-half of the parish is mountainous, 
 and the principal elevation is Ben- 
 bradagh, or the Cliff of the Robbers , 
 1531 feet above the level of the sea, 
 rising two miles eastward of the town 
 of Dungiven, and the first of that 
 basaltic chain which extends to the 
 ocean. Its western point is almost a 
 perpendicular barren rock, and a deep 
 extensive bog resists cultivation on 
 the other side, but it possesses rich 
 stores of limestone, which is of great 
 advantage to the district. The other 
 mountains are Slieve-Ban, Carn-To- 
 gher, 1521 feet, and that known as the 
 Thunderbolts. The plantations are 
 limited, but several residences orna- 
 ment the parish. The farms vary in 
 extent from ten to 100 acres, besides 
 large tracts of mountain pasture. The 
 Rev. Alexander Ross, Rector of the 
 parish, describes the houses in 1814 
 as generally better than those of the 
 same class in most other parts of the 
 country, built of stone and lime, and 
 thatched. St Patrick was long held 
 in great veneration in this parish, and 
 every object of antiquity is ascribed 
 to him. A fine spring of water be- 
 tween the old church and the town. 
 
DUN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 called Tubber-Patrick, is in great re- 
 pute, and it is the scene of several 
 superstitious practices. “ Almost 
 every Sunday morning from Patrick’s 
 Day until about Michaelmas,” says 
 Mr Ross, “ a number of devotees sur- 
 round this well, and after bowing to- 
 wards it with great reverence, walk 
 round it a certain number of times, 
 repeating during their progress a 
 stated measure of prayer. They then 
 wash their hands and feet with the 
 water, and tear off a small rag from 
 their clothes, which they tie on a bush 
 overhanging the well. Thence they 
 all proceed to a large stone in the 
 river Roe, immediately below the old 
 church, and having performed an 
 ablution, they walk round the stone, 
 bowing to it, and repeating prayers as 
 at the well. Their next movement 
 is to the old church, within which a 
 similar ceremony goes on, and they 
 finish this rite by a procession and 
 prayer round an upright stone.” Ac- 
 cording to tradition, Ossian was bap- 
 tized in this parish by no less a per- 
 sonage than St Patrick, and this story 
 was long a favourite subject with the 
 old seannachies of the district. It 
 seems that the holy man was so old 
 when he was requested to perform 
 this ceremony to Ossian, who was a 
 stalwart youth, that he was obliged 
 to walk with a pole, at the end of 
 which was a long sharp point of iron 
 to secure his steps. While officiating, 
 St Patrick inadvertently placed his 
 staff on Ossian’s foot, and the spike 
 transfixed it to the ground. The ac- 
 cident was not discovered till the 
 conclusion of the rite, and Ossian had 
 endured the pain with philosophical 
 indifference. When asked why he had 
 shown no symptoms of uneasiness, he 
 replied — “ I thought, Father, that this 
 too had been a part of the cei’emony.” 
 The O’Cahans had a castle at Dun- 
 given, though their principal resi- 
 dence was at Limavady, or the Dog's 
 Leap, about four miles below, on the 
 banks of the Roe. Population in 1831, 
 3565. 
 
 DUNGIVEN, a neat and thriving 
 402 
 
 DUN 
 
 village in the parish of its name, 183 
 miles from Dublin, and about 15 miles 
 fromMaghera, on the road to New- ’ 
 town-Limavady, is beautifully situated . 
 in a rich sheltered vale watered by the 
 Roe, which receives several tributa- i 
 ries in its picturesque course to Lough 
 Foyle. It chiefly consists of one long 
 straggling street of very ordinary 
 houses, and its business is limited, j 
 Fairs are held on the 25th of May and { 
 October, and on the second Tuesday j 
 of all other months. The parish 
 church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and | 
 Presbyterian meeting-house, are very i 
 plain buildings. Near the village is 
 a castle built in 1618 by the Skinners’ 
 Company of London, who are the 
 proprietors of a great part of the sur- 
 rounding mountain district. The old 
 church of Dungiven is within a mile 
 of the village, and is now a moulder- 
 ing ruin of considerable antiquity. 
 South of the altar is a monument ele- 
 gantly sculptured, and in good pre- 
 servation, to the memory of one of 
 the O’Cahans. An Augustinian Priory 
 was founded near this church about 
 A.D. 1100 by a chief of that name. 
 The residence of Peltipar is a beauti- 
 ful country seat near the village. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1163. 
 
 DUNGLOE, a small remote fishing 
 village in the parish of Templecroan, 
 county of Donegal, on an arm of the 
 sea, and in the neighbourhood of se- 
 veral picturesque lakes. This quar- 
 ter is the commencement of the dis- 
 trict called The Bosses. Much of the 
 adjoining bogs has been reclaimed by 
 the villagers. Post-town, Rutland. 
 
 DUNGOURNEY, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Baronies of Barry- 
 more and Imokilly, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne. Population 
 in 1831, 2640. Post-town, Castle-Mar- 
 tyr. 
 
 DUNISKEY, a parish and rectory, 
 forming part of the Union of St Pe- 
 ter’s, in the city and Diocese of Cork. 
 Post-town, Macroom. 
 
 DUNKANEELY, a small village 
 in the county of Donegal, on the route 
 from the town of Donegal to Killy- 
 
DUN OF IRELAND. DUN 
 
 begs, about seven miles distant from 
 the latter place, near the head of 
 M‘ Swine’s Bay. 
 
 DUNKERRIN, a remote Barony, 
 comprising four parishes, in the coun- 
 ty of Kerry, on the Kenmare river. 
 The Dunkerrin Mountains skirt the 
 northern shores of the estuary of the 
 Kenmare. The small island of Dun- 
 kerrin is inhabited. 
 
 DUNKERRIN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Clon- 
 lisk, King’s County, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. In the village of its name 
 several fairs are held. Population in 
 1831, 2177. Post-town, Roscrea. 
 
 DUNKERR Y, an ocean cavern about 
 half a mile west of the Giant's Cause- 
 way, county of Antrim. 
 
 DUNKIT, or Dunkeld, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Ida, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. Population in 1831, 2869. 
 Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 DUNLAVIN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Talbots- 
 town, county of Wicklow, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. The small town 
 of Dunlavin is 33 miles from Dublin, 
 and about four miles from Ballytore. 
 This town has been much improved 
 by the Tynte family, who erected the 
 elegant market house. Populat : on 
 in 1831, 1068 ; of the parish, 2528. 
 
 DUNLEARY, a village five miles 
 from Dublin by the Railway, called 
 Kingstown in honour of George IV. 
 See Dublin and Kingstown. 
 
 DUNLECKNEY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Idrone, coun- 
 ty of Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin, 
 containing Bagnalstown. Population 
 in 1831, 4217. Post-town, Leighlin- 
 Bridge. See Bagnalstown. 
 
 DUNLEER, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Ferrard, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 The small town of Dunleer is 38 miles 
 north of Dublin, and nine miles from 
 Drogheda, on the road to Belfast. 
 About two miles east is the fine de- 
 mesne of Barraeath (Bellew, Bart.) 
 Dunleer was formerly a borough, but 
 is now an insignificant place. Popu- 
 403 
 
 lation of village in 1831, 710 ; of pa- 
 rish, 1603. 
 
 DUNLEWY, a small lake in the 
 county of Donegal, near the residence 
 of Dunlewy House, and connected 
 with Lough Nacuug. The two lakes 
 are about four miles long and half a 
 mile broad, stretching along the south- 
 ern base of the Arrigal Mountain, the 
 highest in Donegal, and forming the 
 source of the Clady river. Dunlewy 
 is five miles from Calabbar Bridge, 
 and six miles from Clady Bridge. 
 
 DUNLOE (GAP OF), a deep, rug- 
 ged, narrow valley of about three miles 
 in length, lying between Macgilli- 
 cuddy’s Reeks and the Tomies, or 
 Purple Mountain, commencing six 
 miles from Killarney, in the county of 
 Kerry, and terminated at the head by 
 the Comine- Dhuv, or the Black Val- 
 ley, a sequestered desolate hollow, 
 environed by splendid mountain sce- 
 nery. The footpath to the Upper 
 Lake of Killarney is on its eastern 
 side. In the Gap of Dunloe are seve- 
 ral deep lakes, and the rocks, which 
 form the dark broken sides of the 
 mountains, rise boldly in many places 
 from the bottom of the valley to the 
 height of 1100 feet. The scenery is 
 peculiarly wild and impressive. The 
 entrance to the Gap is very narrow, 
 the mountains on each side are per- 
 pendicular, and the castle of Dunloe, 
 which is picturesquely situated at this 
 end, must have formed the Key of 
 the Pass. The Keep, a slender square 
 tower, is all which remains of the ori- 
 ginal edifice, repaired and rendered 
 habitable by Major Mahony. It is 
 so deeply embosomed among wood, 
 that the splendid views which the 
 windows could command are obstruct- 
 ed, but the prospect from the battle- 
 ments is magnificent, enlivened by the 
 river winding in front through a rich 
 and fertile valley, and comprising a 
 large portion of the Lower Lake of Kil- 
 larney. According to tradition, this 
 castle was erected by O’Sullivan Mor ; 
 and in the wars of Desmond and of 
 the Commonwealth it was the fre- 
 quent object of assault. It was sue- 
 
DUN THE GAZETTEER DUN 
 
 cessfully attacked and taken by Gene- 
 ral Ludlow. The Gap of Dunloe, or 
 Cummeen Thomeen , appears as if a 
 huge sword had cleft the mountains. 
 The projections at each side of the 
 entrance are called the Bull and Holly 
 Mountains. The Pass is traversed 
 by a wild dark murmuring stream 
 called the Loe, which has several ex- 
 pansions into lakes during its course, 
 each lake having its own proper and 
 characteristic name, but collectively 
 known as the Cummeen Thomeen Lakes. 
 The road, which is formed on the 
 frequent edges of precipices, crosses 
 this stream twice by bridges, one of 
 which consists of a single arch. The 
 mountains on each side are remark- 
 ably steep and abrupt, exhibiting 
 craggy cliffs and projecting masses of 
 rock, some of which impend fear- 
 fully above the road. A crag is known 
 as the Madman's Mock, so named on 
 account of an enthusiast who played 
 the anchorite about Killarney, having 
 excavated and formed for himself a 
 hermitage under the Rock. The pea- 
 santry give the fanciful name of the 
 Pike to the part of the ravine at 
 which the mountains approach near- 
 est, and the passage is most contracted. 
 After emerging from this, the defile 
 gradually opens, until an elevated 
 part of the Purple Mountain, over 
 which the road is carried, is reached, 
 and a magnificent view is suddenly 
 obtained of the Upper Lake of Killar- 
 ney, which surprises and delights the 
 beholder. See Killarney. 
 
 DUNLOST, a parochial chapelry 
 in the Union of Athy, county of Kil- 
 dare. 
 
 DUNLOY, a village four miles from 
 Ballymoney, in the county of Antrim, 
 at the base of the highest summit of 
 the Dunloy Hills, upwards of 700 feet 
 in height. 
 
 DUN LUCE, a Barony in the county 
 of Antrim, extending along the coast, 
 and including the extraordinary ba- 
 saltic shore of the Giant’s Causeway. 
 
 DUNLUCE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of its name, Diocese of 
 Connor. The village of Dunluce is 
 404 
 
 a small mean-looking place, and this 
 quarter, exclusive of the Giant’s 
 Causeway, is chiefly interesting for 
 the ruins of Dunluce Castle, about 
 two miles from the Causeway, one of 
 the finest ruins in Ireland, connected 
 with which are many curious legends 
 and anecdotes. It occupies an insu- 
 lated basaltic rock entirely penetrated 
 by a lofty cavern, excavated by the 
 action of the waves. The rock is se- 
 parated from the mainland by a chasm 
 about 30 feet wide, and rises nearly 
 100 feet perpendicularly from the sea. 
 The founder of the castle, and the 
 date of its erection, are unknown, but 
 at a very early period it was occupied 
 by a local chief named M’Quillan, and 
 afterwards by the Macdonnells, Earls 
 of Antrim, to whom it now belongs. 
 About a mile west of Dunluce are 
 the ruins of Ballyraagary, the resi- 
 dence of the Macdonnell Family, after 
 the castle became uninhabitable, till 
 1750, when Ballymagary was burnt. 
 Population in 1831, 3G05. Post-town, 
 Coleraine. 
 
 D UNMANWAY, a town in the pa- 
 rish of Fanlobbus, county of Cork, 14 
 miles from Bandon, and 16 miles from 
 Bantry. It is situated in a small plain 
 watered by the streams which form 
 the source of the Bandon river, and 
 surrounded by hills, in the glens and 
 hollows of which is much natural 
 wood. The town contains no par- 
 ticular object of interest, but is eli- 
 gibly situated for manufactures, from 
 its proximity to fuel and w’ater. The 
 old family demesne of the proprietor 
 (Cox, Bart.) adjoins the town. The 
 linen trade is carried on, and the bolt- 
 ing-mills have benefited the place. 
 Population in 1831, 2738. 
 
 DUNMORE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, with a village of its name, in 
 the Half Barony of Ballymoe, county 
 of Galway, and Diocese of Tuam. 
 Here w'as the seat of the O’Kellys, 
 destroyed by Conor O’Brien in 1133. 
 St Patrick is said to have founded a 
 monastery, the site of which was af- 
 terwards occupied by an Augustinian 
 Friary, erected in 1425 by Walter Ber- 
 
mingham, Lord of Athenry. Mossop 
 the Tragedian was a native of this 
 village, and his father was rector of 
 the parish. Population in 183 1 , 10,705. 
 
 DUNMORE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Liberties of the city 
 of Kilkenny, Diocese of Ossory, on the 
 Nore river. The demesne of Dun- 
 more is now a deer-park and out-farm 
 to Kilkenny Castle, the seat of the 
 Marquis of Ormond ; and a short dis- 
 tance to the left, in the high grounds 
 forming the eastern boundary of this 
 part of the valley of the Nore, are the 
 limestone caves of Dunmore, consist- 
 ing of apartments of considerable di- 
 mensions, and worthy of inspection. 
 See Kilkenny. 
 
 DUNMORE-EAST, a small sea- 
 port in the parish of Killen, county of 
 Waterford, near the entrance of Wa- 
 terford Harbour. The village is nine 
 miles from the city of Waterford, and 
 is pleasantly situated in a sheltered 
 bay. The Marquis of Waterford, who 
 is the principal proprietor, has com- 
 menced a regular plan of improve- 
 ment, by erecting a commodioushotel. 
 The asylum harbour, erected by Go- 
 vernment, is inclosed by a noble pier 
 1000 feet in length, and at the extre- 
 mity of the quay is a lighthouse. Dun- 
 more-East, is the station for the post- 
 office steam-packets to and from Mil- 
 ford-Haven, and all the English let- 
 ters for the South of Ireland are trans- 
 mitted from Waterford to Cork and 
 Limerick by this channel. 
 
 I DUNMORE-HEAD, one of the 
 | most westerly headlands of Ireland, 
 i forming the termination of the pen- 
 j insula in the county of Kerry, run- 
 j ning westward from the town of Tra- 
 I lee to the Atlantic, on which is the 
 small town of Dingle. See Dingle. 
 
 DUNMORE-WEST, a village about 
 , nine miles from the archiepiscopal 
 city of Tuam, watered by a small 
 stream which enters Thurloughmore. 
 Here are a small church, a Roman 
 Catholic chapel, some fragments of 
 an old Abbey, an unoccupied Barrack, 
 
 | and the residences of Carintrilla and 
 Quarrymount. 
 
 405 
 
 DUNMOYLAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Connello, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1704. Post-town, Adair. 
 
 DUNMURHILL, or Duroughill, 
 a parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Ikeath and Oughterany, 
 county and Diocese of Kildare. Post- 
 town, Maynooth. 
 
 DUNMURRY, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of East Ophaly, 
 county and Diocese of Kildare. Post- 
 town, Kildare. 
 
 DUNMURRY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Drumbeg, county of Antrim, 
 about four miles from Lisburn, on the 
 Glenwater. Here are some extensive 
 flour-mills and large bleachgreens. 
 
 DUNNYMANA, a post-village in 
 the parish of Donaghedy, county of 
 Tyrone, at which fairs are held on the 
 25th day of the months of February, 
 May, August, and November. 
 
 DUNQ,UIN,apoor, forlorn, and ne- 
 glected fishing village in the parish 
 of Dunquin, or Donquin, county of 
 Kerry, on the most western point in 
 Ireland. 
 
 DUNREE, a fort, signal station, 
 and barrack, in the parish of Clon- 
 many, county of Donegal, five miles 
 from Buncrana, on the eastern shore 
 of Lough Swilly. 
 
 DUNS ANY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Skreene, county and 
 Diocese of Meath, which gives the 
 title of Baron to the ancient and No- 
 ble Family of Plunket in the Peerage 
 of Ireland, a branch of the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Plunket, Earls of Fingal. Sir 
 Richard Plunket, Deputy-Governor of 
 Ireland in the fifteenth century, had 
 two sons, one of whom, named Chris- 
 topher, was created Baron Dunsany 
 of Dunsany Castle, by writ in 1461, by 
 Henry YI. Randal, eleventh Lord, 
 was outlawed in 1691 for adhering to 
 James II., but he was included in the 
 Treaty of Limerick, and the estates 
 were restored. Randal, thirteenth 
 Lord, claimed his privilege as a Peer 
 in 1791, and was allowed his seat in 
 Parliament. Dunsany Castle is a fine 
 castellated edifice in a rich vale, which 
 
DUR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 DUR 
 
 is ornamented by Killeen, the large 
 mansion, also castellated, of the Earl 
 of Fingal, and by the residence of 
 Warrenstown. Population in 1831, 
 291. Post-town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 DUNS H AUG HLIN, a parish, vic- 
 arage, and post-village, in the Barony 
 of Rataoth, county and Diocese of 
 Meath, 1 8 miles from Dublin. It is a 
 small place, containing no particular 
 object of interest. Population in 
 1831, 1548. 
 
 DUNSINK, a hill in the parish of 
 Castleknock, four miles from Dublin, 
 on which the Astronomical Observa- 
 tory belonging to Trinity College, 
 Dublin, was erected in 1774, under the 
 direction of Mr H. Usher. See Dub- 
 lin. 
 
 DUNTRILEAGUE, a parochial dis- 
 trict annexed to Galbally, in the coun- 
 ty of Limerick. 
 
 DUR AS, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Kiltartan, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tuam, on the 
 Bay of Galway. On the island of 
 Duras are the remains of an ancient 
 Friary. Population in 1831, 1279. 
 Post-town, Gort. 
 
 DURROW, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Galmoy, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, but a part of it is in the Ba- 
 rony of Upper Ossory, Queen’s Coun- 
 ty. The post and market town of 
 Durrow, 70 miles from Dublin, by 
 Kilcullen, Athy, Stradbally, and Ab- 
 beyleix, is situated on the little river 
 Erkin, about a mile above its conflu- 
 ence with the Nore. It is rather a 
 well-built small town, containing an 
 Infirmary, a Barrack, and a good inn, 
 but no trade is carried on except at 
 the extensive flour-mills in the neigh- 
 bourhood. The demesne of Castle- 
 Durrow, the seat of Lord Viscount 
 Ashbrooke, surrounds this town, and 
 the woods give the district a fine ap- 
 pearance. Population of the town in 
 1831, 1298; of the parish, 2911. 
 
 DURROW, or Dairmach, a parish 
 and perpetual curacy in the Barony of 
 Ballycowan, King’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Meath, but part of it is in the 
 406 
 
 county of Westmeath. In this quar- 
 ter is Durrow Abbey, on the site of 
 an Augustinian monastery — the seat 
 of the Earl of Norbury. Within the 
 grounds of this demesne Hector John, 
 second Earl of Norbury, was mortally 
 wounded on the 1st of January 1839, 
 by some wretches who were concealed 
 among the thickets, and died on the 
 third of that month. The infamous 
 murder of a nobleman so universally 
 respected as the Earl of Norbury, in 
 his own plantation, caused the deep- 
 est sensation in Great Britain, and 
 was repeatedly the subject of Parlia- 
 mentary discussion. The assassina- 
 tion of his Lordship was the more re- 
 markable, as he took no part what- 
 ever in politics. On the 6th of January 
 the body of the Earl w r as conveyed to 
 the tomb, in the presence of his family, 
 friends, tenantry, and thousands of 
 the peasantry, who, notwithstanding 
 the severity of the weather, came 
 from remote parts of the country. 
 To mark the horror entertained of 
 the murder, as well as the disgust felt 
 at the concealment of the crime, 
 the family and gentry refused to per- 
 mit the tenants of the late Lord to 
 carry the body to the grave — a privi- 
 lege always conceded in Ireland, and 
 now claimed as a right. The coffin 
 was accordingly borne by Captain Fox, 
 Henry Magan, Esq., the Rev. Mess. 
 O’Rafferty and Barry, parish priests 
 of Tullamoreand Clara, Mess. Thomp- 
 son and Oldham, and sixteen other 
 magistrates, who relieved each other 
 eight at a time. An impressive dis- 
 course was delivered by Mr Lover, 
 Rector of Tullamore ; and «when the 
 body had been laid in the vault, the 
 Rev. Mr O’ Rafferty, parish priest, 
 addressed the assembled meeting at 
 considerable length, and with much 
 propriety. The reverend gentleman 
 pronounced a high eulogium on the 
 murdered nobleman, and declared 
 that no one act of his life had been 
 calculated to give offence. “ After 
 such a character as this,” says the 
 Annual Register for 1839, “ which 
 it is believed is strictly true, the mur- 
 
EA OF IRELAND. EA 
 
 der, and the concealment of all the 
 evidence tending to its elucidation, 
 are only the more mysterious and ex- 
 traordinary. The sincere sorrow and 
 affliction manifested by the poor peo- 
 ple upon this melancholy occasion, 
 and the mild habits and unassuming 
 manners of the deceased, go far to 
 strengthen the supposition that it was 
 not among those who knew him that 
 a hand was found to commit the foul 
 deed.” Population in 1831, 5192. 
 Post-town, Tullamore. 
 
 DURRUS, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Baronies of Bantry and West 
 Carbery, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 on Bantry Bay. Post-town, Bantry. 
 
 DURSEY, an island, on which is a 
 signal station, belonging to the parish 
 of Kilnaannagh, county of Cork, about 
 three miles in length, and covered 
 with coarse pasturage. This island 
 is inhabited by about 200 persons, but 
 I is difficult of accessin stormy weather. 
 It contains the vestiges of an ancient 
 castle, destroyed in the seventeenth 
 century. 
 
 DYSERT, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Clanmaurice, county 
 of Kerry, and Diocese of Aghadoe, in 
 the Union of Knockanure. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 631. Post-town, Lu- 
 towell. 
 
 DYSERT, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Trughenackmy, 
 county of Kerry, and Diocese of Ard- 
 fert and Aghadoe, in the Union of 
 Castle-Island. Population in 1831, 
 1431. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 DYSERT, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Fassadin- 
 ing, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory, on the Dining or Dinin 
 stream. It contains a free school for 
 boys and girls on Erasmus Smith’s 
 
 foundation. Population m 1831, 2501. 
 Post-town, Castle-Comer. 
 
 DYSERT, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony cf Ferrard, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 in the Union of Dunleer. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 699. Post-town, Dun- 
 leer. 
 
 • DYSERT, or Dysert-Enos, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 ronies of Maryborough East and Str ad- 
 bally, Queen’s County, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin. In this quarter is an an- 
 cient pillar tower, and St iEngus is 
 said to have founded an Abbey here 
 after his retirement, from Cloenard. 
 Population in 1831, 1354. Post-town, 
 Stradbally. 
 
 DYSERT, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Athlone, county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 on the river Suck, comprising 1836 
 Irish acres. Population in 1831, 1445. 
 Post-town, Athlone. 
 
 DYSERT, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Moycashel and Maghe. 
 radon, county of Westmeath, and Dio- 
 cese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 941. Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 DYSERTALE, or Dysert-Ely, a 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Delvin, county of Westmeath, and 
 Diocese of Meath. Post-town, Castle- 
 town-Delvin. 
 
 DYSERT-G ALLEN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Cullinagh, Queen’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Leighlin. Population in 1831, 
 4018. Post-town, Ballinakill. 
 
 DYSERTMORE, or Desertmoor, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Ida, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory, on the Nore. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1764. Post-town, Inis- 
 tioge. 
 
 E. 
 
 EA (Lough), a small lake in the 1 tic shooting lodge at the base of the 
 county of Donegal, on the south road Altnapaste Mountain, 1200 feet in 
 from Cloghan (Style, Bart.), a roman- | height, to Glenties. 
 
 407 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 EDE 
 
 EDG 
 
 E AGISH (Lough), a small lake near 
 the village of Bellatrain, near the road 
 from Carrickmacross to Ballibay. 
 
 EAGLE ISLAND, an island off the 
 coast of Mayo, on the division of the 
 coast from Tarmou-Carra north by 
 Erris-Head to Blind Harbour, beyond 
 Belmullet. A Lighthouse is now erect- 
 ed on this island. 
 
 EARLSTOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Shille- 
 logher, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory, on the King’s River. 
 Population in 1831, 679. Post-town, 
 Callen. 
 
 EAST-LUSK, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Balrothery, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin, on 
 the sea coast. Population in 1831, 498. 
 Post-town, Swords. 
 
 EAST-PASSAGE, a village and 
 regular ferry, inhabited by fishermen 
 and pilots, a little northward of Dun - 
 cannon Fort, on Waterford Harbour. 
 See Waterford. 
 
 EASTERSNOW, a parish and vic- 
 arage in the Barony of Boyle, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 This parish is considered to be the 
 limits of the Plains of Boyle. The 
 road traverses a deep hollow, near the 
 bottom of which is the parish church, 
 repaired in 1841, a very plain edifice 
 in a lonely spot, surrounded by a 
 cemetery, the grave-stones in which 
 are covered with lichens. The Cave- 
 town Loughs are seen on the opposite 
 side of the road to the west, bounded 
 by hills covered with plantations. An 
 obelisk erected on one of the hills be- 
 yond the lake is a conspicuous land- 
 mark. In this parish is a charity 
 school for boys and girls. Popular 
 tion in 1831, 1951. Post-town, Boyle. 
 
 EDDY, an inhabited island in the 
 Bay of Galway. 
 
 EDEN, a small village in the coun- 
 ty of Antrim, between Carricktergus 
 and the little sea-port town of Larne. 
 
 EDENDERRY, an improving town 
 in the parish of Castro-Peter, King’s 
 County, on a branch of the Grand 
 Canal, not far from the Boyne, 30 
 miles from Dublin by the Canal, and 
 
 40 miles by the road. This small 
 neat town is situated at the north- 
 eastern extremity of the Bog of Al- 
 len, and is the property of the Mar- 
 quis of Downshire, who has done 
 much for its present aspect. The 
 manufacture of coarse linens carried 
 on here has ceased, and the principal 
 trade is in grain, which is brought to 
 the weekly markets in considerable 
 quantities. The average sale of wheat 
 for each of the ten years preceding 
 1 836 was 20,000 barrels of 26 stone per 
 barrel : oats, 30,000 barrels of 16 stone ; 
 barley, 25,000 barrels of 16 stone. The 
 parish church occupies the summit 
 of one of the hills near the town, and 
 is a prominent object. Numbers of 
 Quakers have located in Edenderry, 
 and are engaged in the retail trade of 
 the district. The public buildings 
 are the Market House, the parish 
 church already mentioned, the Roman 
 Catholic chapel, and a Quakers’ meet- 
 ing-house. Waste tracts of bog have 
 been reclaimed in the vicinity, and 
 the formation of a new road to Ilath- 
 angan by the Marquis of Downshire 
 has been of great advantage. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1427. 
 
 EDERMINE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, on 
 the Slaney river, part of the corps of 
 a prebend. Population in 1831, 213. 
 Post-town, Enniscorthy. \ 
 
 EDERNEY-BRIDGE, a village in 
 the parish of Magheraculmony, coun- 
 ty of Fermanagh. Fairs are held 
 here on the 6th of January, 1st of 
 March, 15th of May, 15th of June, 
 17th of July, 19th of August, 6th of 
 September, 31st of October, 28th of 
 November, and 24th of December. 
 Post-town, Kesh. 
 
 EDGE WORTHSTOWN, formerly 
 Mostrim, a parish, rectory and vic- 
 arage, in the Barony of Ardagh, county 
 of Longford, and Diocese of Ardagh, 
 watered by the Inny river. The 
 small and neat village of Edgeworths- 
 town is four miles from Rathowen on 
 the road to Longford, and 66 miles 
 from Dublin. It contains the parish 
 
EIG 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ELP 
 
 church, Roman Catholic chapel, and 
 a School for the Education of the Sons 
 of the Clergy, which is the only in- 
 1 stitution of the kind in Ireland. The 
 ; spire of the parish church is so in- 
 geniously constructed, that it can he 
 i elevated or diminished within the 
 , tower by machinery. Several fairs 
 ! are held during the year. The antique 
 • mansion of the Edgeworth family or- 
 i naments the vicinity. The celebrated 
 ; Maria Edgeworth, whose literary pro- 
 : ductions are well known, as well as 
 j those of her father, was born in this 
 | mansion, and will always render the 
 I village qow bearing her family name 
 ] interesting. Population of the town in 
 I 1831, 1001 ; of parish, 4744. The town 
 ) of Granard is seven miles distant by 
 a cross road. 
 
 EFFISH, a parish, rectory and vic- 
 arage, in the Baronies of Coshlea and 
 j Coshma, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 ; rick, constituting the corps of a pre- 
 : bend in the Cathedral of Limerick. 
 
 | Population in 1831, 2090. 
 
 EGLISH, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Eglish or Fircal, King’s 
 County, and Diocese of Meath, in the 
 Union of Fircal. Population in 1831, 
 3290. Post-town, Ballyboy. 
 
 EGLISH, a parish, rectory and vic- 
 arage, in the Baronies of Armagh and 
 Turanev, county and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, intersected by the Ulster 
 Canal. Population in 1831, 3419. 
 
 EGLISH, a village in the parish of 
 Drumglas, county of Tyrone. 
 
 EGLISH. See Aglish-Cloghaxe. 
 
 EGMONT, a locality and now ruin- 
 ed castle, about seven miles from 
 Buttevant in the county of Cork, 
 
 , which gives the title of Earl, in the 
 ! Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Percival. Sir John Percival, 
 Bart., created Baron Percival of Bur- 
 ton, in the county of Cork, in 1715, 
 and Viscount Percival of Kanturk in 
 1722, was advanced to the dignity of 
 Earl of Egmont by patent 1733. 
 
 EIGHT-MILE-BRIDGE, a hamlet 
 in the parish of Rathfriland, county 
 of Down, among the Slieve-Donard 
 Mountains 
 
 409 
 
 EIRKE, or Evrke, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Galway, county of Kilkenny, and in 
 the Barony of Upper Ossory, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Ossory. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 5565. Post-town, 
 Durrow. 
 
 ELIOGARTY, a large and popu- 
 lous Barony in the county of Tipper- 
 ary, containing fifteen parishes, and 
 the towns of Thurles and Temple- 
 more. It is a fertile agricultural dis- 
 trict, but has no manufactures. This 
 Barony contains many interesting ec- 
 clesiastical ruins, among which the 
 finest is the Abbey of Holycross. See 
 Holycross. 
 
 ELPHIN, a Diocese formerly in the 
 Arcbiepiscopal Province of Tuam, in- 
 cludes the greater part of the county 
 of Roscommon, and portions of the 
 counties of Galway and Sligo, with 
 one parish in the King’s County. It 
 is estimated to extend thirty English 
 miles in length and from three to thirty 
 miles in breadth, containing 74 pa- 
 rishes, which constitute 32 bene- | 
 fices. In 1834 the parochial edifices of : 
 the Church of Ireland were 39; Roman j 
 Catholic chapels, 80 ; one Presbyterian 
 meeting-house ; and eight belonging to , 
 other Dissenters. In the same year 
 the population of the Diocese amount- 
 ed to 327,624, of whom 16,417 were 
 members of the Church of Ireland, 
 310,822 were Roman Catholics, 250 
 were Presbyterians, and 135 were 
 other Dissenters. At the same time 
 there were 388 schools, educating 
 24,076 young persons, 14 of which 
 schools were in connection with the 
 National Board of Education. The 
 See of Elphin is alleged to have been 
 founded by St Patrick, who placed 
 over it one Asic, who was addicted 
 to the very undignified employment 
 of working in metals. The Chapter 
 consists of the Dean, Precentor, Trea- 
 surer, Archdeacon, and eight Pre- 
 bendaries. By the act of 1833 the 
 Diocese is annexed to Kilmore by 
 avoidance. 
 
 ELPHIN, the episcopal seat of the 
 Diocese, a parish and entire rectory 
 2m 
 
ELP THE GAZETTEER ELP 
 
 in the Barony and county of Roscom- 
 mon, is 77 Irish miles from Dublin by 
 Longford and Strokestown, and 81 
 Irish miles by Longford and Drumsna. 
 The Drumsna road is the more pre- 
 ferable of the two. Elphin is little 
 beyond a poor village, having scarcely 
 a good shop, and no hostelry entitled 
 to be considered an inn, though the old 
 Deanery House is now used as such, 
 and rendered conspicuous by a fine 
 evergreen before it. The Cathedral, 
 though of some antiquity, is a plain 
 building, and the Roman Catholic cha- 
 pel is commodious. The Episcopal 
 Palace is a plain substantial square 
 edifice close to the town, on the Boyle 
 road, and surrounded by extensive and 
 finely cultivated lands. The town 
 consists of thatched straggling cabins, 
 forming the two main streets, which 
 run at right angles. The principal 
 institution is the Diocesan School, 
 which is well attended. This School 
 was founded by Bishop Hodson in 
 1685, who endowed it with the moiety 
 of an estate in the county of Cavan, 
 and fifteen acres in the vicinity of the 
 town are attached. Oliver Goldsmith 
 received part of his education at the 
 Diocesan School of Elphin. In this 
 old episcopal town occurred probably 
 the most important event in the life 
 of Goldsmith, which was his rejection 
 by Bishop Synge the Diocesan, when 
 he presented himself to be examined 
 for holy orders* According to Dr 
 Strean, the Bishop refused to admit 
 him among the candidates for ordina- 
 tion, because he appeared before his 
 Lordship in the eccentric and certain- 
 ly unsuitable dress of scarlet breeched ; 
 but whatever truth may be in this 
 supposition, it is more likely that re- 
 ports of some of his irregularities in 
 Dublin when at College had prejudic- 
 ed Bishop Synge against him. This 
 circumstance induced Goldsmith to 
 relinquish his ideas of entering the 
 Church, and he resolved to commence 
 the study of physic. 
 
 Mr Weld’s account of Elphin, pub- 
 lished in 1832, may be interesting to 
 the reader in an abridged form. “ The 
 410 
 
 town extends along the summit of a 
 bill, in a direction nearly east and 
 west. The Cathedral, at the eastern 
 end, is situated immediately upon the 
 verge of this ridge, where its square 
 steeple forms a conspicuous land- 
 mark, visible from certain points at 
 the distance of several miles. This 
 edifice, together with the Bishop’s 
 Palace, and houses intermingled with 
 trees, which seem to fringe the top of 
 the ridge, on approaching by the low 
 grounds on the south and south-east, 
 give rather a favourable impression 
 as to the nature of the place ; but on 
 winding up the hill, and getting actual- 
 ly into the town, the agreeable illu- 
 sions are quickly dissipated. Rows 
 of cabins, as disgusting as any that are 
 to be seen from one end of the coun- 
 try to the other, assail the eye; walls 
 decayed ; roofs bent and sunken ; 
 thatch tattered ; no windows ; no 
 chimneys ; the turf smoke rolling 
 slowly from the doors, ’or seeking its 
 way through the chinks and crevices 
 innumerable with which these hovels 
 abound. The appearance of the in- 
 mates corresponded with that of the 
 miserable tenements — ill clad, squalid, 
 haggard, listless, and idle — in every 
 countenance discontent most strongly 
 marked, and in some an expression 
 akin to despair. — The main street, or 
 road through the town, somewhat 
 winding in its course, but of ample 
 breadth, may be considered as com 
 mencing at the Cathedral Church, and 
 thence extending westward, where 
 the Roman Catholic chapel stands at 
 the part most distant from the Cathe- 
 dral. Another street, or rather road, 
 for there are only a few houses scat- 
 tered along it, branches off to the 
 north, just opposite the Cathedral, 
 forming nearly a right angle with the 
 main street. This is the high road 
 to Boyle, and the Bishop’s Palace 
 stands upon it, within a quarter of a 
 mile from the Church. The Palace 
 is a spacious and comfortable country- 
 house, with a small lawn in front de- 
 corated with some shrubs. The 
 Deanery House, situated a little be- 
 
ELY OF IRELAND. EML 
 
 yond the western extremity of the 
 town, on the road in continuation of 
 the main street, is also a modern built 
 compact country-house, with a lawn 
 in front, bounded by plantations. The 
 former residence of the Dean, at the 
 angle formed by the main street, and 
 the road leading to the Bishop’s Pa- 
 lace, now serves the purposes of an 
 inn — the King's Arms Hotel , as the 
 swinging sign pompously announces. 
 Within, the chairs, tables, handles of 
 doors, every thing which was to be 
 touched, seemed loaded with a com- 
 pound of dust and grease, from which 
 the fingers recoiled; broken win- 
 dows, floors in holes from the decay 
 of time, or the depredation of rats; 
 paper hangings separated in entire 
 sheets, and falling in long curls from 
 the w’alls ; crazy tables and chairs ; and 
 at every tread across the rooms a vi- 
 bration which seemed to threaten the 
 safety of the whole edifice. — I found 
 at Elphin excellent light bread, good 
 English cheese, and Dublin porter. — 
 The w ater is delicious, a copious sup- 
 ply issuing from a covered fountain 
 in the middle of the street. The 
 shops at Elphin are very small, afford- 
 ing only a bare supply of articles of 
 prime necessity; in some, however, 
 attempts were made to keep a little 
 finery for female wear. — New houses 
 are rising up, and of a description 
 superior to the old, while the de- 
 mands of the market folks are already 
 quickening the trade of the shops. — 
 As yet no Market-House had been 
 erected in Elphin, but it was in con- 
 templation to build one. — The Regi- 
 ster Office of the Diocese was in a 
 ; thatched house nearly opposite the 
 inn, and a small wooden pres 3 in a 
 front parlour contained sill the ar- 
 chives of the See.” Population in 
 1831 , 1507; of the parish, 6643. 
 
 ELY, a locality, or rather a resi- 
 dence called Ely Lodge, incorporated 
 with the demesne of Castle- Hume, 
 about four miles from the town of 
 Enniskillen, in the county of Ferman- 
 agh. Ely Lodge, the beautiful rural 
 seat of the Marquis of Ely, is situated 
 411 
 
 on one of the larger islands of Lough 
 Erne, and is approached by a cause- 
 way and bridge from the mainland. 
 Nicholas Loftus, Esq., great-great- 
 grandson of the Most Rev. Adam 
 Loftus, D.D., consecrated Archbishop 
 of Armagh in 1562-3, translated to the 
 Archdiocese of Dublin in 1567, and first 
 Provost of Trinity College, of which he 
 was the principal founder, was creat- 
 ed Baron Loftus of Loftus Hall, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, in 1751, and ad- 
 vanced to the dignity of Viscount 
 Loftus of Ely, in the county of Wick- 
 low, in 1756. Nicholas, second Vis- 
 count, was created Earl of Ely in 
 1760, but the Earldom became extinct 
 in the person of his son the second 
 Earl, who died unmarried in 1769. 
 The Hon. Henry Loftus, uncle of the 
 second Earl, succeeded to the Vis- 
 county, and the Earldom was revived 
 in his favour in 1771. His Lordship 
 died in 1783, when all the honours 
 ceased, but his estates devolved upon 
 his nephew, Sir Charles Tottenham, 
 Bart., who assumed the name and 
 arms of Loftus, and was created Baron 
 Loftus in 1785, advanced to the dig- 
 nities of Viscount Loftus in 1789; 
 Earl of Ely in 1794; and Marquis of 
 Ely in 1800. The chief seats of this 
 Noble Family are Ely Lodge, Fer- 
 managh ; Rathfarnham Castle, near 
 Dublin; and Loftus Hall, county of 
 Wexford. 
 
 EMATRIS, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Dartry, 
 county of Monaghan, and Diocese of 
 Clogher, containing several villages. 
 Dawson Grove, the seat of Lord Cre- 
 morne, is a noble mansion, in a de- 
 mesne of upwards of 1000 acres, and 
 there are some neat villas. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 7541. 
 
 EMLY, a Bishop’s Seein the former 
 Archiepiscopal Province of Tuam, ly- 
 ing in the counties of Tipperary and | 
 Limerick. Its extent is estimated at j 
 about 41 English miles in length by ! 
 15 miles in breadth, and contains 42 : 
 parishes, constituting 17 benefices, j 
 In 1834 the parochial edifices were 11; 
 Roman Catholic chapels, 31. In that 
 
EML THE GAZETTEER ENF 
 
 year the total population of the Dio- 
 cese was 98,363, of whom 1246 were 
 members of the Church of Ireland, 
 and 97,115 were members of the 
 Church of Rome. There were 74 
 schools in the Diocese, educating only 
 4835 young persons. The Chapter 
 consists of the Dean, Precentor, Chan- 
 cellor, Archdeacon, and five Prebend- 
 aries. The See of Emly was united 
 to that of Cashel in 1568, and has 
 never since been disjoined. It is 
 divided into two rural Deaneries, and 
 is now, with Waterford and Lismore, 
 under the jurisdiction of the Bishop 
 of Cashel. This See is said to have 
 been founded by St Patrick, or by St 
 Ailbe, the date of whose death is al- 
 leged to be A.D. 527. Among his 61 
 successors previous to Bishop Ray- 
 mund de Burgli, who died in 1562, 
 numbers are distinguished by the 
 most extraordinary and positively un- 
 pronounceable names. Olchabar Mac- 
 kinede, and Coenfelad, Kings of Ca- 
 shel, were the ninth and eleventh 
 Bishops, in A.D. 850, and A.D. 872. 
 
 EMLY, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Clanwilliam, county of Tip- 
 perary, is 127 miles from Dublin, and 
 about five miles from the town of 
 Tipperary. The small episcopal town, 
 or rather inconsiderable village, of 
 F.mly , about five miles from the town 
 of Tipperary, near the ruins' of Da- 
 rner’s Court, is mentioned by some 
 of the ancient historians as a large 
 and flourishing city. The Cathedral, 
 which is in ruins, was dedicated to St 
 Ailbe, who was interred here. In the 
 churchyard is St Ailbe’s Cross, of 
 rough unhewn stone, about eight feet 
 from the ground, and near it is St 
 Ailbe’s Well. It was formerly held 
 in the greatest veneration, and vast 
 numbers resorted to it to celebrate 
 the festival of the saint on the 12th of 
 September. As these meetings often 
 ended in regular fights and other dis- 
 orders, tw’o of the neighbouring ma- 
 gistrates obtained a licence from Arch- 
 bishop Palliser of Cashel, who succeed- 
 ed to that See in 1694, to demolish the 
 cross and fill up the well, but they 
 412 
 
 never put their design into execution. 
 A lake covering 200 acres, over which 
 was a royal ferry, adjoining the vil- 
 lage, is now drained. St Ailbe found- 
 ed an abbey for Canons Regular at 
 Emly, no vestige of which now re- 
 mains. Population of the town in 
 1831, 701 ; of the parish, 3838. 
 
 EMLYFAD, or Ealfad, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Cor- 
 ran, county of Sligo, and Diocese of 
 Achonry. Here was formerly a town, 
 at which Richard de Burgh, Earl of 
 Ulster, erected a castle, about 1300. 
 Population in 1831, 4645. Post-town, 
 Ballymote. 
 
 EMLYGRENNAN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Coshlea, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick, part of the Union of St Patrick 
 which constitutes the corps of the 
 Treasurership of Limerick Cathedral. 
 Post-town, Kilmallock. 
 
 EMQ, a post- village in the parish 
 of Coolbanagher, about two miles 
 from Ballybrittas, Queen’s County, 
 on the north road from Dublin to 
 Maryborough, and near a branch of 
 the Grand Canal. This village is al- 
 most encircled by the large demesne 
 of Emo Park, the fine seat of the Earl 
 of Portarlington. Here are a beautiful 
 deer-park, and an artificial lake. The 
 parish church is embosomed among 
 wood, and a rude tower vises on an 
 eminence called the Spirehill. 
 
 EM Y VALE, a village about three 
 miles east from the small thriving 
 town of Glasslough, county of Mo- 
 naghan, on the road to Tuam. In 
 the neighbourhood is the extensively 
 wooded and improved demesne of 
 Anketell’s Grove. Fairs are held on 
 the first Saturday of each month, ex- 
 cept in March, when the fair is held 
 on the 17th. 
 
 ENFIELD, a small town at which 
 is a good inn with an extensive fish- 
 ing establishment, in the county of 
 Meath, ten miles from Maynooth. 
 Near it are the ruins of Cloncurry 
 church, and the residences of Johns- 
 town, Dunfort, and the village of 
 Johnstown. 
 
ENN OF IRELAND. ENN 
 
 ENNEL (Lough), a lake on the 
 shore of which is the village of Castle- 
 town. in the county of Westmeath, 
 lying between Mullingar and Tyrrell’s 
 Pass Bridge. It is often designated 
 Belvedere Lake, from Belvedere, for- 
 merly the residence of the Earl of 
 Belvedere, now the property of the 
 Earl of Lanesborough. Lough Ennel 
 is four miles in length by two miles 
 in breadth, and affords excellent sport 
 f or the angler, but with the exception 
 of the eastern side its shores are tame, 
 and present nothing attractive in point 
 of scenery. On the eastern undulat- 
 ing shore of the lake is the villa of 
 Belvedere already mentioned ; ad- 
 joining is the beautiful residence of 
 Roclifort (Hopkins, Bart.), in a splen- 
 didly wooded demesne ; and in this 
 quarter are the residences of Lynn- 
 bury, La Mancha, and Bloomfield. 
 Beyond Rochfort, and also on the road 
 from Mullingar to Tyrrell’s Pass, is 
 the residence of Carrick ; on the road 
 from Mullingar to Athlone, at the 
 upper end of the lake, are the villas of 
 Green Park (Hodson, Bart.), and La- 
 distown ; and on the western shore 
 are some traces of the demesne of 
 Desart. 
 
 ENNERILEY, or Enoriley, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Arklow, county of Wicklow, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, on the shore. 
 Population in 1831, 874. Post-town, 
 Arklow. 
 
 ENNIS, a market town and parlia- 
 mentary borough in the parish of 
 Dromcliff, county of Clare, on the 
 Fergus river. This is the assize and 
 county town, and is situated about 
 three miles above the small town of 
 Clare, and 13S miles from Dublin, at 
 which the Fergus river is navigable. 
 It was in ancient times a favourite 
 residence of the O’Briens, Lords of 
 Thomond. In 1240 Donogh Carbrac 
 O’Brien founded the Franciscan Ab- 
 bey, which was repaired by Turlogh 
 MacTiege in 1305, and destroyed on 
 the following year by Dermot Mac- 
 Donogh, both of the same family. A 
 small portion of the ruins still exists, 
 413 
 
 containing a window of beautiful 
 workmanship. The parish church is 
 attached to this fragment of the Ab- 
 bey. The public buildings are the 
 Court-House, Prison, County Infir- 
 mary, Fever Hospital, Workhouse, 
 and other edifices peculiar to a county 
 town; the Market House, Town Hall, 
 Linen Market, a large Roman Catholic 
 chapel, and a Methodist meeting- 
 house. Ennis chiefly consists of two 
 streets, one of which is parallel .to the 
 Fergus, and the other diverging to 
 Kilrush. Near the latter are the 
 Court House and County Jail. The 
 river is crossed by three bridges, and 
 it is said could be made navigable up 
 to the town at the expense of L. 10,000, 
 by removing the bar above Clare. 
 The suburbs consist of wretched ca- 
 bins, and in 1837 the town was neither 
 lighted, watched, nor regularly clean- 
 ed. The old parts lie huddled close 
 to the river, and the modern additions 
 are built in a straggling manner along 
 the public roads, and present lines of 
 detached houses and cabins, all scat- 
 tered without any pretension to order. 
 There are no manufactures, but some 
 business is done in the linen and flan- 
 nel trade ; numbers of cattle and a 
 considerable quantity of agricultural 
 produce are purchased and forwarded 
 to Clare for shipment ; and the retail 
 trade in provisions is extensive. Here 
 are also a brewery, large flour-mills, 
 and a valuable limestone quarry ; and 
 in the town are branches of the Pro- 
 vincial Bank of Ireland and of the 
 National Bauk of Ireland. In 1834 
 there were 21 schools educating 1200 
 young persons in the town of Ennis 
 and parish of Dromcliff. By the 
 Municipal Bill the Corporation is 
 styled the Provost, Free Burgesses, 
 and Commonalty of the Town of En- 
 nis. This town returns one member 
 to the Imperial Parliament ; constitu- 
 ency in 1840-1, 298. Population in 
 1831, 7711 ; total within the boundary 
 of the borough in 1831, 9727. In the 
 vicinity are the residences of Eden- 
 vale, Ballyally, and Stamerpark. 
 
 ENNISBOFFIN, or Innisbofin, an 
 
ENN THE GAZETTEER ENN 
 
 island off the coast of Galway, north- 
 west of the Dog’s Head Point, on the 
 Connemara shore, said to comprise 
 1900 acres. This island, which is the 
 same as Boffin, is a parish and rectory 
 in the county of Galway, and Diocese 
 of Tuam, in the Union of Ballinakil. 
 Population in 1831, 14G2. Post-town, 
 Westport. 
 
 ENNISBOKEEN. See Dungans- 
 
 TOWN 
 
 ENNISCHIR, one of the three 
 South Islands of Arran, which lie 
 across the entrance of Galway Bay. 
 It is the eastern of the group. See 
 Arran. 
 
 ENNISCOFFY, a parish and im- 
 propriate rectory in the Barony of 
 Tartullagh, county of Westmeath, 
 and Diocese of Meath. Population 
 in 1831, 939. Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 ENNISCORTHY, a parish and vie- 
 arage in the Baronies of Scarewalsh 
 and Ballaglikeen, county of Wexford, 
 and Diocese of Ferns. The market 
 town of Enniscorthy, 57 English miles 
 direct from Dublin, is situated on both 
 sides of the Slaney river, and origin- 
 ated in the erection of the castle by 
 Raymond le Gros, one of the early 
 Norman conquerors, about the end of 
 the twelfth century. This castle, or 
 probably the one erected by King 
 John, is still entire, and in good pre- 
 servation. A monastery for Augus- 
 tinian Friars was founded about 1230 
 by Gerald de Prendergast, another 
 Anglo-Norman nobleman, the posses- 
 sions of which, at the dissolution of 
 the religious houses, were granted to 
 the Poet Spenser. Donald Kavanagh, 
 a native chief or potentate, founded 
 the Franciscan Friary in 1440, the 
 property of which at the same period 
 was assigned to Lord Henry Wallop, 
 to whose representative, now Earl of 
 Portsmouth, the town belongs. En- 
 niscorthy was taken by Cromwell in 
 1649; and it was stormed and burnt by 
 the rebels in 1798, on which occasion 478 
 dwelling-houses were destroyed. In 
 the immediate neighbourhood is Vine- 
 gar Hill, the scene of the sanguinary 
 engagement in that year, when the 
 414 
 
 rebels were routed by General Lake. 
 The Slaney admits barges and small 
 sloops, which have a navigation of 
 twelve miles, the distance of the town 
 above Wexford. The town is situat- 
 ed on the side of a steep hill, and the 
 old castle, grey towers, church, wood- 
 ed banks, and the Rockhill planta- 
 tions, form a striking combination of 
 objects. Enniscorthy has a consider- 
 able trade in agricultural produce, a 
 number of fairs are held, and a branch 
 of the National Bank of Ireland faci- 
 litates commercial purposes. The 
 parish church, called St Mary’s En- 
 niscorthy, and the Roman Catholic 
 chapel, are large and elegant edifices. 
 
 In the town are a Methodist and 
 Quaker meeting-house. Enniscorthy 
 is the seat of the Union Workhouse 
 under the Poor Law Act. The style 
 of the Corporation is the Portreeve, 
 Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of 
 the Borough of Enniscorthy. In 1834 
 there were 13 schools in the parishes 
 of St Mary and Templeshannon, in 
 which this thriving and handsome 
 town is situated. Population of the 
 entire town in 1831, 5955. 
 
 ENNISHOWEN. See Innishowen, 
 
 ENNISKEEN, a parish and perpe- 
 tual curacy in the Baronies of Lower 
 Kells, Lower Slane, and Clonchee, 
 counties of Meath and Cavan, and 
 Diocese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 6189. Post-town, King’s-Court. 
 
 ENNISKEEN, a parish and curacy 
 in the Baronies of Farney and Dun- 
 dalk, counties of Monaghan and Louth, 
 and Diocese of Clogher, with a village 
 of its name, at which are the remains 
 of a pillar tower. This parish con- 
 tains the post-town of King’s-Court. 
 Population in 1831, 10,368. See King’s- 
 COORT. ; 
 
 ENNISKERRY, a picturesque vil- 
 lage in the parish of Stagonill, county 
 of Wicklow, on the Glencullen stream, 
 a tributary of the Bray river, ten miles 
 from Dublin, and the first stage to 
 Glendalough, or the Seven Churches. 
 This village is much frequented by 
 the citizens of Dublin, and has a good 
 inn and excellent accommodation for 
 
ENN 
 
 OF IRELAND. ENN 
 
 lodgers. The neat rustic cottages were 
 erected by Lord Viscount Powers- 
 court from designs by Mr Morrison. 
 The surrounding scenery is romantic, 
 and is part of the demesne of Powers- 
 court House, the seat of the noble 
 proprietor, which was visited by 
 George IV. in 1821. The Powers- 
 court deer-park and the ravine of the 
 Dargle are fine objects, and the water- 
 fall always commands the admiration 
 of strangers. Altogether this is as 
 pleasant and romantic a locality as the 
 tourist could wish to see. In the 
 valley below Powerscourt House is 
 the mansion of Tinnehinch ; beyond 
 this on the right is Charleville, the 
 seat of the Earl of Rathdown ; and on 
 the left are the residences of Bushy 
 Park and Ballyornan. 
 
 ENNISKERRY, an island off the 
 coast of Clare, near the Malbay shore, 
 containing 210 acres of excellent pas- 
 turage. It is called Mutton Island. 
 
 ENNISKILLEN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Mug- 
 heraboy and Tyrkenedy, county of 
 Fermanagh, and Diocese of Clogher. 
 The borough of Enniskillen, which 
 is the assize and county town of Fer- 
 managh, is situated in the parish of its 
 name and also in that of Rossory, on 
 an island in the narrow channel which 
 connects the upper and lower lakes 
 of Lough Erne. Before the Planta- 
 tion of Ulster the only building on 
 the island of Enniskillen was a small 
 ; fortalice of the Maguires, which fell 
 ! into the hands of the English during 
 I the rebellion in Tyrone in 1602. The 
 ! founders of the town were the Pro- 
 testant settlers introduced by the new 
 patentees ; it was, when still a very 
 small place, erected into a corporate 
 town in 1612; but in 1641 the build- 
 ings had so increased as to cover the 
 greater part of the island, and by the 
 exertions of Sir William Cole it be- 
 came an important refuge for the 
 Protestants in that quarter of Ulster. 
 In the war of the Revolution the in- 
 habitants w ere among the first to pro- 
 claim King William III., and refused 
 to admit two companies sent by Tyr- 
 415 
 
 connell. During the subsequent con- 
 test they rendered important ser- 
 vices, defeating Lord Galmoy before 
 Cron-Castle, and routing the army of 
 Macarthy in the battle of Lisnaskea, 
 or Newtown-Butler, on which occa- 
 sion 3000 of their opponents were 
 killed. These and other exploits are 
 recorded in Hamilton’s “ Actions of 
 the Enniskilleners,” and the gallant 
 6th Dragoons, originally raised here, 
 bear the title of the Enniskillen or 
 Inniskilling Dragoons, in compliment 
 to the bravery of the inhabitants. 
 
 The town is well built, and beauti- 
 fully situated. The island is covered 
 to the water’s edge with the houses 
 and defences of the borough, and is 
 connected with the suburbs on the 
 mainland by two elegant bridges, at 
 each end of the High Street. “ The 
 situation of Enniskillen,” says Mr 
 Inglis, “ is every way delightful. 
 Lough Erne, the noblest in point of 
 extent of any of the Irish Lakes, and 
 which has been called the Winder- 
 mere of Ireland, spreads into an up- 
 per and lower lake above and below 
 the towm, though, from the distance 
 between them, which is not less than 
 six miles, they ought rather to be 
 considered two distinct lakes. This 
 communic ation between the lakes is 
 not more than river breadth, and in 
 one part separates into two branches, 
 encircling a tolerably elevated island, 
 and on this island stands Enniskillen 
 — a busy and rising town ; improve- 
 ment is everywhere discernible. Many 
 new buildings are seen; thatched 
 houses scarcely at all; and even the 
 suburbs respectable.” 
 
 There is nothing remarkable in the 
 public buildings of Enniskillen, which 
 are of the same nature as those of 
 other assize towns. It has a large 
 Infantry Barrack, a small Artillery 
 Barrack, and a Fort at each end of 
 the town. The trade of Enniskillen 
 is considerable, particularly in linen, 
 grain, cattle, and pigs, and articles of 
 general merchandize, and there are 
 Branches of theProvincial Bank of Ire- 
 land and of the Ulster Banking Com- 
 
ERR 
 
 ENN THE GAZETTEER 
 
 pany. In 1834 the two parishes con- 
 tained 50 schools, three of which were 
 in connection with the National Board, 
 nine were Sunday Schools, and 15 
 w’ere hedge schools. The Royal School 
 of Enniskillen, founded by Charles I., 
 is richly endowed, and the school- 
 house is situated on an eminence 
 overlooking the lake. The head 
 master receives L.500 per annum and 
 i 33 acres ; the assistants have L.350 
 each ; and the sum of L.400 is annually 
 divided among ten scholars. This va- 
 luable appointment is vested in the 
 Lord Lieutenant. Mr Inglis describes 
 the three newspapers, published in 
 the town in 1834, as “ all Conserva- 
 tive. One is Toryish, a second Tory, 
 the third high Tory.” By the Mu- 
 | nieipal Bill the Corporation is styled 
 the Portreeve, Free Burgesses, and 
 Commonalty of the Borough of En- 
 niskillen. The town returns one 
 member to the Imperial Parliament; 
 constituency in 1840-1, 242. Ennis- 
 killen gives the title of Earl, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Cole, proprietors of the town. 
 The first of this family who settled in 
 Ireland was Sir William Cole, Knight, 
 already mentioned. His descendant, 
 John Cole, Esq., was created Baron 
 Mountflorence of Florence Court, in 
 the county of Fermanagh, in 1760. His 
 son, the second Lord, was advanced 
 to the dignity of Viscount Enniskil- 
 len in 1776, and Earl in 1789. Sir 
 Lowry Cole, K. C.JL, Lieutenant-Ge- 
 neral in the army, second son of this 
 Nobleman, received the repeated 
 thanks of both Houses of Parliament 
 for his eminent and gallant services 
 during the Peninsular War. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 6116. 
 
 ENNISMACSAINT, or Church- 
 hill, an extensive and populous pa 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 ronies of Magheraboy and Tyrhugh, 
 Diocese of Clogher, counties of Fer- 
 managh and Donegal, on Lough Erne. 
 Population in 1831, 14,801. Post-town, 
 Enniskillen. See Ballyshannon, 
 Deruygonelly, and Innis-m ac-saint. 
 
 ENNISMAGRATH, a parish and 
 416 
 
 vicarage in the Barony of Dromahaire, 
 county of Leitrim, and Diocese of 
 Kilmore. Population in 1831, 8266. 
 Post-town, Manor-Hamilton. See 
 Narin. 
 
 ENNISMORE, a locality in the 
 county of Kerry, which gives the title 
 of Viscount to the Earls of Listowell. 
 
 ENN 1SNAG, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Shillalogher, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 on the King’s River. Population in 
 1831, 550. Post-town, Kilkenny. 
 
 ENNIS TYMON, a small town in 
 the parish of Kilmanaheen, county of 
 Clare, on the Oyna river, a short dis- 
 tance from Liseanor Bay, 163 miles 
 from Dublin, and about 15 miles from 
 Ennis. It is most romantically si- 
 tuated, being environed by a low 
 range of picturesque hills, covered 
 by the plantations of Ennistymon 
 House. This is a place of very little 
 importance, having a small export 
 trade in grain. Population in 1831, 
 1420. 
 
 ENORELY. See Enerily. 
 
 ERRIGAL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Coleraine, 
 county of Londonderry, and Diocese 
 of Derry, on the Aghivey river. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 5401. Post-town, 
 Kilrea. 
 
 ERRIG AL-KEROGE, or Balli- 
 nasaggart, a parish, rectory and vic- 
 arage, in the Barony of Clogher, 
 county of Tyrone, and Archdiocese 
 of Armagh. It comprises 6181 Irish 
 acres of arable, meadow, and pasture, 
 and 3716 Irish acres of profitable 
 mountain. The district is watered 
 by several streams, and is separated 
 from the adjoining parish of Arrigal- 
 Treugh by the Blackwater. Pools 
 occur among the mountains, but the 
 only collection of water deserving the 
 name of a lake is Lough Martray. 
 The mountain streams form cascades 
 of great picturesque beauty, and the 
 glen called Todd's Leap displays a va- 
 riety of wild views. The village of 
 Ballygawley is in this parish, its old 
 castle still inhabited ; and about a mile 
 distant is the mansion of Greenhill, 
 
ERN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ERN 
 
 formerly the residence of Sir John 
 Stewart, behind which rises a re- 
 markable precipice called the Craigs. 
 Near the junction of the Ballygawley 
 stream with the Blackwateris a square 
 tower in ruins. Population in 1831, 
 9782. 
 
 ERRIG AL-TREUGH, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Trough or 
 Treugh, county of Monaghan, and 
 Diocese of Clogher. Population in 
 1831, 9321. Post-town, Auchnacloy. 
 
 ERIN A, a small village in the coun- 
 ty of Clare, on the cross-road from 
 Limerick to Killaloe. 
 
 ERNE (LOUGH), consists of two 
 lakes, the Upper and Lower, between 
 which there is a tract of about seven 
 miles, traversed by the stream the 
 branches of which form the island on 
 which the town of Enniskillen is 
 built. Both lakes are almost en- 
 tirely in the county of Fermanagh, 
 intersected by them from one end to 
 the other, and extending from Beleek 
 on the north-west to Belturbet on the 
 south-east at least 40 English miles, 
 including the tract between the two 
 lakes already alluded to in the notice 
 of Enniskillen ; but for some distance 
 between Beleek and Belturbet the 
 lakes are so narrow as to form part of 
 the river Erne. Lough Erne con- 
 tains the greatest extent of inland 
 navigation of any of the Irish lakes, 
 but Lough Neagb, being less studded 
 with islands, has a greater surface of 
 water ; yet Lough Erne is consider- 
 ably obstructed by shallows. The 
 breadth of the Upper Lake is not two 
 miles in the most open part«, and in 
 this space are several islands. The 
 depth seldom exceeds 20 feet, but in 
 some places it is ascertained to be 75 
 feet. Its level ranges from about one 
 foot to nearly three feet above the 
 Lower Lake, and the mean difference is 
 about 20 inches. The Lower Lake is 
 the larger and deeper, being in some 
 places from 200 to 230 feet deep, and 
 the surface completely studded with 
 islands. An expanse of water, ten 
 miles in length and five in breadth, 
 is, however, tolerably clear of islands. 
 417 
 
 Though one of these lakes is only 
 within four miles of the sea, yet it 
 has an elevation of 148 feet above 
 low-water spring tides in the dry 
 season, and from six to eight feet 
 in winter and rainy w r eather. The 
 first fall at its outset occurs at the 
 viRage of Beleek, from which to Bal- 
 lyshannon is a constant succession of 
 falls. Several large rivers enter the 
 lakes, which are navigable for boats 
 some miles up. Both lakes abound 
 with trout, salmon, pike, perch, bream, 
 eels, and smaller fish, affording splen- 
 did amusement to the disciples of old 
 Walton ; great numbers of wild ducks 
 enliven these lakes, which during 
 winter are also the resort of flocks of 
 geese and marine birds. The water 
 of Lough Erne has a very harsh and 
 unpleasant taste, and is said to be un- 
 wholesome to drink, especially during 
 the season for gathering flax, which 
 is allowed to soak along the shores. 
 The numerous shoals and fords in 
 the narrow parts cause the lakes to be 
 chiefly navigated by rudely construct- 
 ed flat-bottomed boats called cols , 
 which supply the town of Enniskillen 
 with turf. 
 
 On the shores of these lakes are 
 ruins of ancient castles, but there is 
 not one village on the whole extent, 
 and this part of the country is thinly 
 inhabited. The shores present round- 
 ed isolated hills of limestone rarely 
 600 feet above the surface, except to- 
 wards the western extremity, where 
 the table range of PoolaFouka is 1000 
 feet. It is already observed that the 
 islands are numerous. On Devenish 
 island is a round tower in good pre- 
 servation (see Devenish). Boa Island 
 is the largest and most fertile, con- 
 taining nearly 1400 acres, but destitute 
 of timber, and greatly disfigured by 
 wretched fences. It is nevertheless 
 a fine feature in the landscape, when 
 viewed from the wooded shores of the 
 glebe of Templecarn, or of the de- 
 mesne ofWaterfoot, to the proprietor 
 of which it belongs. Castle Arch- 
 dall, the fine seat of General Arch- 
 dall, in 1840 one of the members of 
 
ERR 
 
 ERN THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Parliament for the county of Ferma- 
 nagh, is the most conspicuous de- 
 mesne on the shores of the Lower 
 Lake, nine miles from Enniskillen, 
 near the little village of Lisnarrick. 
 The woods in this demesne are ex- 
 tensive, and the commodious mansion 
 crowns the summit of a hill com- 
 manding a comprehensive view of the 
 Lake. The road from Enniskillen to 
 Castle Archdall by the northern shore 
 of the Lower Lake is through a plea- 
 sant district, which would be greatly 
 improved if it were not subdivided 
 into small and imperfectly cultivated 
 farms, but the surface is varied, and 
 the surrounding scenery is pleasing. 
 Between Enniskillen and Castle-Arch- 
 dall are the residences of Rusfad, Ri- 
 versdale, Crocknacrieve, Rockfield, 
 Doraville, and Necarn, the last a small 
 neat castellated mansion. The road 
 from the demesne of Castle- Archdall 
 to the little town of Pettigoe is about a 
 mile from the lake. The Lower Lake is 
 said to cover 28,000 statute acres, and 
 contains 109 islets, some of which are 
 very small, and of trilling importance. 
 It stretches west of the neighbour- 
 hood of Enniskillen to Roscor House, 
 a distance of 15 miles, and the breadth 
 varying from five to two miles. About 
 four miles below Belturbet the water 
 of the Erne assumes the lake appear- 
 ance, but the Upper Lake properly 
 commences a short distance above 
 Crum Castle, the seat of the Earl of 
 Erne, and extends to Belleisle, the seat 
 of the former Earls of Ross, upward 
 of eight miles iu length, and covering 
 9000 acres, but of variable breadth, 
 from the undulating nature of the 
 shores, and the number of islets, 
 amounting to at least ninety. In some 
 parts the shores are tame and marshy, 
 but there is also much splendid and 
 picturesque scenery. 
 
 Erne gives the title of Earl, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Creighton, said to be descend- 
 ed from a branch of the Crichtons, 
 Viscounts Frendraught in the Peer- 
 age of Scotland. David Creighton, 
 Esq., is celebrated for his gallant de- 
 418 
 
 fence of the family seat of Crum 
 Castle in 1689, against the forces of 
 James II. He repulsed the assailants, 
 and made a sally at the instant a party 
 of Enniskilleners were advancing to 
 the relief of the castle. The besieg- 
 ers were thus placed between two 
 fires, and a dreadful slaughter ensued. 
 They attempted to retreat across an 
 arm of Lough Erne near Crum Castle, 
 and this spot became the scene of such 
 a carnage, that it has ever siuce been 
 designated the Bloody Pass. Abra- 
 ham Creighton, Esq., only son of this 
 gentleman, was created Baron Erne 
 of Crum Castle in 1768. He was suc- 
 ceeded by his son John, second Lord, 
 who was advanced to the dignity of 
 Viscount Creighton in 1781, and Earl 
 of Erne in 1789. 
 
 ERNE (RIVER), issues from the 
 Lough Gouna, a beautiful lake on the 
 confines of the counties of Cavan and 
 Longford, and after traversing the 
 county of Cavan enters Lough Erne 
 below the town Belturbet. It again 
 assumes the river form between the 
 Upper and Lower Lakes, from which 
 it has a course of four miles to Do- 
 negal Bay at Ballysliannon, where it is 
 precipitated over a ledge of rocks by a 
 series of falls. This river and its lakes 
 receive numerous tributaries. 
 
 ERR IS, a Barony in the county of 
 Mayo, comprising two parishes, and 
 occupying an area of upwards of 220 
 square miles, of almost exclusively bog 
 and mountain. This is among the 
 most remote and wildest districts of 
 Ireland, and previous to 1824 was 
 without a carriage road. In that 
 year the excellent line of road from 
 Castlebar to the Mullet was construct- 
 ed uuder the direction of Mr Nimmo, 
 at the expense of Government. Erris 
 Proper includes that wild part of the 
 county bounded on the south by New- 
 port Bay, on the west and north by 
 the Atlantic, and on the east by Lough 
 Conn and the Bay of Killala. It is 
 said that the sinuosities of the shores 
 give upwards of 400 miles of coast. 
 The mountain chain which bounds 
 and secludes this district extends from 
 
ERR OF IRELAND. ERR 
 
 Nephin to AchilHead, and the dreary 
 sides of these cheerless elevations 
 stretch northerly to the ocean. The 
 inland parts of this district are most 
 forbidding and desolate, and even in 
 summer and autumn the few spots of 
 miserable cultivation only tend to 
 make more repulsive the gloomy 
 sameness of the heathy surface. Ex- 
 cept the tall heather and the marsh 
 willows, not a bush is to be seen, and 
 in many places there is not a house or 
 hovel to animate the scene. The 
 southern range of mountains, though 
 lofty and majestic, are tame in the 
 outline ; and the great central phin, 
 notwithstanding its beautiful sweep- 
 ing undulations, resembles a vast de- 
 sert, diversified on the north by the 
 lower hills which rise along the iron- 
 bound coast. The coast is peculiarly 
 wild, desolate, and very inaccessible, 
 but displays magnificent marine sce- 
 nery, and offers many attractions to 
 the naturalist and geologist, from 
 Moista Sound near Balderig on the 
 east to the islands which crowd Clew 
 Bay on the south, including Achil 
 Island. There are few rivers, and 
 Carrowmore is the only lake. This 
 district was long unknown, except to 
 the grouse shooter, till Government 
 opened up the eastern central road by 
 Crossmalina, the southern road by 
 Castlebar, connected with the former 
 at Corrick Bridge, the road by New- 
 port-Pratt through Ballycroy, and the 
 coast line by Killala and Bally castle, 
 the two latter connected with the 
 central line at different points. Every 
 headland presents some bold cliff, in- 
 tricate creek, rocky arch, formed by 
 the furious w r aves, sandy beach, and 
 wide-spreading bay. The author of 
 Wild Sports of thk West gives the 
 following description of a sporting 
 lodge in this remote region : — “ I 
 stopped at Newport : it was the last 
 cluster of houses arrogating to itself 
 the title of a town that I should dow 
 meet with — I had reached the Ultima 
 Thule of civilized Europe. And when 
 I had given directions to the post- 
 master touching the transmission of 
 419 
 
 my letters in my cousin’s bag, I 
 looked around me, and took a silent 
 farewell of Christendom. I found 
 at the public-house that my cousin 
 had provided for my farther pro- 
 gress into terra incognita. A couple 
 of rudely-constructed vehicles were 
 waiting to receive myself and per- 
 sonal property, and a w'ild, bare-leg- 
 ged mountaineer, with a leathern 
 bag strapped across his shoulders, 
 announced himself as guide. * Had 
 he a horse ?* ‘ Devil a harse ! but 
 
 he would warrant he would keep up 
 with me and away we went, under 
 a salute of cur dogs, and the furtive 
 glances of sundry ladies with their 
 hair in papers. — Our route was con- 
 tiguous to the sea ; on the left were 
 the numerous islands of Clew Bay ; 
 on the right an extensive chain of 
 savage hills and barren moorland. 
 The road became hardly passable ; 
 constructed without the least regard 
 to levelness; here it dipped into a 
 ravine, and there breasted some sud- 
 den hill, inaccessible to any carriage 
 but the light machines we travelled 
 with. — But I must describe my kins- 
 man’s dwelling. At the bottom of a 
 narrow creek you must imagine a 
 ‘ low snug dwelling, and in good re- 
 pair.* The foam of the Atlantic 
 breaks sometimes against the win- 
 dows, while a huge cliff, seaward, de- 
 fends it from the storm, and on the 
 land side a sudden hill shelters it from 
 the north wind. The bent roof is 
 impervious to the rain : — the rooms 
 are neat, well arranged, and comfort- 
 able. In the calm of evening I hear 
 the shrill cry of the sand lark, and in 
 the early dawn the crowing of the 
 cock grouse. I see the salmon fling 
 themselves over the smooth tide, as 
 they hurry from the sea to reascend 
 their native river, and while I drink 
 claret that never paid the revenue a 
 farthing, or indulge over that pro- 
 scribed district— the produce and the 
 scourge of this wild district — I trace 
 from the window the outline of a 
 range of hills where the original red 
 deer of Ireland are still existing. 
 
FAI THE GAZETTEER FAl 
 
 None of your park-fed venison — that 
 tame, spiritless diminutive, which a boy 
 may assassinate with his birding piece , 
 but the remnant of that noble stock 
 which hunters of other days — O’Con- 
 nor the Cus iDhu (or Blackfoot ) and 
 Cormac Bawn MacTavish once de- 
 lighted in pursuing.” See Bally- 
 crow, Blacksod Bay, and Clew 
 Bay. 
 
 ERRIVE, a stream in Mayo, which 
 enters the Killery Harbour near the 
 boundary with Galway. 
 
 ERRY, a parish and entire rectory 
 in the Barony of Middlethird, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel, 
 annexed to the vicarage of Ballyshe- 
 han. Population in 1831, 772. Post- 
 town, Cashel. 
 
 ESHER, or Esker, a parish and 
 vicarage with a small village of its 
 name, two miles south-east of Leixlip, 
 in the Barony of Newcastle, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1075. Post-town, Leixlip. 
 
 ESK, a beautiful stream which 
 issues from the lake of its name, and 
 enters the sea at the town of Done- 
 gal. 
 
 ESKY (LOUGH), a small lake 
 which discharges itself by the Esky 
 stream, 'in the county of Sligo, which 
 enters the Atlantic near Sligo Bay. 
 
 ESK.Y, or Easky, a parish and vic- 
 arage in the Barony of Tyreragh, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala, on the Atlantic. In the village 
 
 some fairs are held. Population in 
 1831, 6124. Post-town, Dromore- 
 West. 
 
 ESS, a beautiful cascade of the 
 Avonbeg river, in the county of Wick- 
 low, which, after traversing the vale 
 of Glenmalure, is precipitated down 
 the steep face of the table mountain. 
 
 EYRECOURT, a small decayed 
 town in the parish of Donaghta, coun- 
 ty of Galway, on the road to Lough- 
 rea, five miles from Banagher, and 
 89 English miles from Dublin. This 
 town derives its name from the Eyre 
 family, whose mansion of Eyrecourt 
 Castle is in the vicinity. The town 
 contains no object of particular in- 
 terest, and is a straggling place, plea- 
 santly situated on bold rising ground, 
 commanding an extensive survey of 
 the flat and dreary country around, 
 pervaded in every direction by dismal 
 tracts of bog, including numerous 
 towns and villages, the course of the 
 Shannon for several miles, and also 
 of the Suck and its other tributaries. 
 Here is a substantial parish church, 
 and near it are the ruins of an old 
 castle. The road from Ballinasloe 
 unites, and a cross-road leads towards 
 Portumna. To the right of the town 
 is the episcopal town of Clonfert, a 
 Diocesan seat previous to the union 
 of the See with Killaloe. The plea- 
 sure-grounds of Redmount also orna- 
 ment the vicinity of this little town. 
 Population in 1831, 1789. 
 
 F. 
 
 FAHAN. See Faughan. 
 
 FAHY, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Longford, county of Gal- 
 way, and Diocese of Clonfert, on the 
 Shannon. Population in 1831, 727. 
 Post-town, Eyrecourt. 
 
 F AIRHEAD, a promontory, said to 
 be the most north-east point of Ire- 
 land, in the county of Antrim, also 
 termed Bengore. It is the highest, 
 boldest, and most extensive promon- 
 420 
 
 tory on this line of coast, and is 636 
 feet in height, being 240 feet higher 
 than the Plaiskins. It has much of 
 the columnar formation and other 
 strata peculiar to the Giant’s Cause- 
 way. Some of the basaltic pillars are 
 said t-o be the largest on the coast. 
 Much of this remarkable promontory 
 has crumbled away. The view is 
 magnificent from its summit, over 
 the vast Atlantic, including the An- 
 
FAM OF IRELAND. FAR 
 
 trim shores, the island of Rathlin, 
 and the opposite coast and mountains 
 of the West Highlands of Scotland. 
 In the vicinity are two small lakes, 
 one of which is discharged by a fissure 
 down the precipice. The base of the 
 promontory is gained by descending 
 the Grey Mare's Path , an exploit of 
 some difficulty, and not free from 
 danger. About a mile to the west is 
 Ballycastle, once noted for its coal- 
 eries (see Ballycastle). The Fair- 
 head is composed of columnar green- 
 stone of colossal dimensions. The 
 front is an inclined plane ascending 
 from the sea, strewn with enormous 
 masses of rock, from which rises the 
 mural precipice of columnar green- 
 stone between 200 and 300 feet in 
 height ; and the ruinous scene dis- 
 played at the base of these gigantic 
 pillars is probably unequalled in 
 Europe. The Fhir-Leith , or Grey 
 Mare's Tail y is a singular and narrow 
 pass between the base of the perpen- 
 dicular cliff. See Giant’s Causeway. 
 
 FAIRY HILL, a beautiful and fer- 
 tile hill seven miles from the town of 
 Roscommon, connected with the high 
 and important sandstone range of the 
 Slievebawn Mountains. Fairymount 
 is still adorned with some of the trees 
 which formed the demesne of the 
 Mills family. 
 
 FAITHBEG, or Faithleg, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Gualtier, 
 county and Diocese of Waterford, on 
 Waterford Harbour. Here is a splen- 
 did site for the establishment of a 
 commercial town. The prospect from 
 the hill of Faithleg is one of the finest 
 in Ireland. Fairs are held in May, 
 June, August, and October. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 724. Post-town, East- 
 Passage. See Waterford. 
 
 FALCARRAGH, a village on the 
 dreary shores of Ballyness Bay, county 
 of Donegal, about six miles west of 
 Dunfanaghy. Near it are the parish 
 church, glebe-house, and Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel of Tulloghobegley. 
 
 FAMAGH-CHURCH, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Gowran, county of Kilkenny, and 
 421 
 
 Diocese of Ossory, united to the rec- 
 tories and vicarages of Thomastown 
 and Columbkill. See Thomastown. 
 
 FANE, a small river formed by a 
 stream which issues from Lough 
 Mackno to the little lake Lough Ross, 
 and after traversing the centre of the 
 county of Louth, falls into the Bay of 
 Dundalk at Lurgan Green. 
 
 FANLOBISK, or Fanlobbus, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 East Carbery, county and Diocese of 
 Cork, on the Bandon river. Here are 
 several schools. Population in 1831, 
 11,405. Post-town, Dunmanway. See 
 Dunmanway. 
 
 FANNET-POTNT, a conspicuous 
 headland in the parish of Clondiva- 
 dock, county of Donegal, at the north- 
 west side of the entrance to Lough 
 Swilly. A lighthouse is erected here, 
 and is of great advantage to mariners. 
 The Saldanha frigate was wrecked to 
 the east of it, about three miles from 
 the shore, in 1804. 
 
 FANNY (LOUGH), a small beauti- 
 ful lake in the demesne of Baron’s 
 Court, the splendid seat of the Mar- 
 quis of Abercorn, county of Tyrone. 
 
 FARAHY, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Fermoy, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on 
 the Fuucheon river, forming the corps 
 of the Deanery of Cloyne. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1538. Post-town, Kil- 
 dorrery. 
 
 FARBILL, a small Barony in the 
 eastern part of the county of West- 
 meath, containing two parishes, and 
 the little market town of Kinnegad. 
 The greater part of it is boggy. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 8746. 
 
 FARCET. See Rostellan. 
 
 FARNH AM, the seat of Lord Farn- 
 ham, is situated two miles west of the 
 town of Cavan, on the road leading 
 to Crossdoney. The mansion is a 
 plain commodious edifice, but the de- 
 mesne is most beautiful, extensive, 
 and ornamented by numerous little 
 natural lakes, overshadowed by splen- 
 did trees. This demesne gives the 
 title of Baron, in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land, to the Noble Family of Maxwell, 
 2 N 
 
FAR THE GAZETTEER FAU 
 
 a branch of the Maxwells of Calder- 
 wood in Scotland. The Rev. Robert 
 Maxwell, second son of John Maxwell 
 of Calderwood, proceeded to Ireland 
 in the latter end of Elizabeth’s reign, 
 to secure an interest for King James 
 VI. He was appointed Dean of Ar- 
 magh, and held some other valuable 
 Church preferments. His eldest son, 
 the Rev. Robert Maxwell, D.D., Rec- 
 tor of Tynarn in the Diocese of Ar- 
 magh, and Archdeacon of Down, be- 
 fore the Rebellion of 1641, was conse- 
 crated Bishop of Kilmore in 1 643, and 
 in 1661 he was permitted to hold the 
 See of Ardagh in commendam. He 
 married Margaret, daughter of Bishop 
 Echlin of Down and Connor, by 
 whom he had four sons and five 
 daughters. John, his eldest son, set- 
 tled at Farnham, but dying without 
 issue, his nephew, the Rev. Dr Ro- 
 bert Maxwell, only son of his bro- 
 ther James, succeeded to his estates. 
 This gentleman also died without is- 
 sue, and the estates were inherited by 
 his cousin, John Maxwell, Esq., eldest 
 son of the Rev. Henry Maxwell, third 
 son of the Bishop of Kilmore. In 
 1727 Mr Maxwell represented the 
 county of Cavan till 1756, when he 
 was created Baron Farnham in the 
 Peerage of Ireland. His Lordship 
 died in 1759, and was succeeded by 
 his eldest son Robert, second Lord, 
 who was created Viscount in 1761, 
 and Earl of Farnham in 1763. This 
 nobleman died in 1779, leaving no 
 male issue, and the Viscounty and 
 Earldom became extinct, but the Ba- 
 rony devolved on his brother Barry, 
 who got the Viscounty revived in his 
 favour in 1780, and the Earldom in 
 1785. He was succeeded by his son 
 as second Earl, but this nobleman 
 died without issue in 1823, when the 
 Viscounty and Earldom again became 
 extinct, and the Barony reverted to 
 John Maxwell Barry, Esq., grandson 
 of the first Lord by his third son 
 Henry Lord Bishop of Meath. This 
 gentleman succeeded his first cousin 
 the second Earl as fifth Lord Farn- 
 ham. 
 
 422 
 
 FARTAGH, or Fertagh, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Galmong, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory. The parish de- 
 rives its name of Fartagh, which sig- 
 nifies a cemetery , from its having 
 been the burying-place of the Fitz- 
 patricks, Earls of Upper Ossory. In 
 the ruins of a chapel is the tomb of 
 those chiefs, having an inscription, 
 now illegible, to the memory of that 
 Mac-Gilla-Padruig, or Fitzpatrick, 
 who sent a special messenger to Henry 
 VIII., complaining of the Earl of Or- 
 mond, known by the soubriquet of 
 Red Peter, and very valiantly declaring 
 to the King by this ambassador , that 
 if he did not chastise the said Red 
 Peter , he (Fitzpatrick) would make 
 war against the King. At the end of 
 the chapel is a pillar tower 96 feet in 
 height. A Priory w as founded here 
 in the thirteenth century under the 
 invocation of St Kiaran by the Blanch- 
 field family for Canons-Regular of St 
 Augustine. Population in 1831, 3205. 
 Post-town, Durrow'. See Johnstown. 
 
 F ARTRY (RIVER). See Vartry. 
 
 FARTULLAGH, a Barony in the 
 south-east part of the county of West- 
 meath, containing ten parishes, and a 
 part of the market-town of Mullingar. 
 The half of Lough Ennel is in this 
 Barony. Population in 1831, 8903. 
 
 FASSADINING, a large Barony of 
 the county of Kilkenny, said to con- 
 tain 66,518 acres, and divided into 16 
 parishes. The only towns of any note 
 are those of Castlecomer and Bally- 
 ragget. The soil, which consists of a 
 moory turf only a few inches deep, 
 is said to be the worst in the county, 
 but the minerals are of importance, 
 especially the coaleries of Castlecomer. 
 The river Dinan or Dining traverses 
 the Barony, which it divides into 
 nearly equal parts. 
 
 FA UGH AN, a stream which rises 
 at the base of the Sawel Mountains, 
 county of Londonderry, and enters 
 Lough Foyle near Culmore Fort. It 
 flows through a beautiful and im- 
 proved valley, bounded on each side 
 by bleak moory hills. In its course 
 
FAU OF IRELAND. FEA 
 
 through the vale it receives several 
 mountain streams. The banks are 
 adorned by a number of mansions and 
 residences. The Incorporated Lon- 
 don Companies possess large tracts in 
 the valley traversed by this river. 
 
 FAUGHAN, an extensive parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Innishowen, county of Donegal, 
 and Diocese of Derry, properly di- 
 vided into Upper and Lower Faughan. 
 It extends along Lough S willy, and 
 contains the town of Buncrana. 
 Low'er Faughan is a perpetual curacy, 
 in the patronage of the incumbent of 
 Upper Faughan. St Columb is the 
 alleged founder of a rich monastery 
 in this parish, of which he and one St 
 Muran or Mauran were abbots, and 
 the latter considered the patron. 
 Many interesting monuments were 
 destroyed in St Murau’s church after 
 the Reformation, as were also all the 
 relics, except the “ Acts of St Co- 
 lumb, " written in Irish rhyme by the 
 said St Muran, another ancient chro- 
 nicle, and the holy man's pastoral 
 staff, which is said to have been in- 
 laid with gold and jewels. This staff 
 is still preserved by a branch of the 
 O’Neil family, and was long held in 
 such veneration that not only were 
 oaths taken on it, but it was believed 
 to have the power of working miracles. 
 See Buxcrana. 
 
 FAUGHANSTOWN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Demifore, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath, on Lough Derevaragh. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1551. 
 
 FAUGHAN VALE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Teerkerin, 
 county of Londonderry, and Diocese 
 of Derry, on the southern shore of 
 Lough Foyle, annexed to the rectories 
 of Clondermot and Templemore, and 
 constituting the corps of the Deanery 
 i of Derry. It is a mountainous dis- 
 trict, watered by the streams Faugh an, 
 Faugliarale, Muffglen, and Graysteel. 
 St Patrick is said to have built no 
 fewer than seven churches on the 
 banks of the Faughan. Population 
 in 1831, 6218. Post-town, Muff. 
 
 423 
 
 FAUGH ART, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Upper Dundalk, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, anciently called Fogkard . 
 bounded on the east by Dundalk, on 
 the north by the Fork-Hill Mountains, 
 and on the south by the Dungooley 
 stream. It is a level district, free 
 from bogs, and producing good crops 
 of grain and potatoes. The Fork- 
 Hill Mountains, on the northern 
 boundary, contain good pasturage, 
 are of considerable height, and have 
 a majestic appearance. Limestone 
 abounds, and marl is found in various 
 parts. The residence of Faughart is 
 a pleasant villa. Two small Danish 
 forts, one on Forthill, the property of 
 the Earl of Roden, are the only me- 
 morials of antiquity. This hill is 
 conjectured to be the scene of the 
 final defeat of the Scots under Ed- 
 ward Bruce, and their leader killed 
 by the English of the Pale command- 
 ed by Sir John Bermingham, who for 
 this service was created Earl of Louth 
 by Edward II. In this quarter Lord 
 Mountjoy, the successor of the Earl 
 of Essex in the Government of Ire- 
 land, gave the first check to the pro- 
 gress of Tyrone’s rebellion. The pa- 
 rish church is an elegant modern edi- 
 fice, and the Roman Catholic chapel 
 is neat and commodious. Dundalk is 
 the nearest market town. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1640. Post-town, Dun- 
 dalk. 
 
 FAVORAN, or Foyran, a parish 
 and curacy in the Barony of Demi- 
 fore, county of Westmeath, and Dio- 
 cese of Meath, in the Union of Castle- 
 Pollard. Population in 1831, 1897. 
 Post-towm, Castle. Pollard. 
 
 FEAGILE, a tributary of the Lit- 
 tle Barrow, in the county of Kildare. 
 
 FEAKLE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, with a village of its name, j 
 in the Barony of Tullagh, county of 
 Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe. It is 
 a mountainous and uninteresting dis- 
 trict. Population in 1831, 8844. Post- j 
 town, Scariff. 
 
 FEALE, a stream, on which is the 
 village of Abbeyfeale, in the county of 
 
FEN THE GAZETTEER FER 
 
 Limerick, and crossed two miles from 
 the village, a short distance above the 
 confluence of the Owbeg, by the Wel- 
 lesley Bridge. The small town of 
 Listowell is also on the banks of the 
 Feale, some distance below Abbey- 
 field, above its junction with the Ca- 
 shin, which enters the Atlantic near 
 the estuary of the Shannon. 
 
 FEATHARD. See Fethard. 
 
 FEDAMORE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Clanwilliam 
 and Small County, county and Diocese 
 of Limerick, with a village of its name, 
 one mile from Six-Mile- Bridge. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3420. 
 
 FEIGHCULLEN, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Baronies of Con- 
 nell and East Ophaly, county and Dio- 
 cese of Kildare. Population in 1831, 
 890. Post-town, Rathangan. 
 
 FENAGH, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Idrone, county of Car- 
 low, and in the Half Barony of Shil- 
 lelagh, county of Wicklow, Diocese of 
 Leighlin. Near the village of Fenagh 
 is the residence of Lumcloon. The 
 road from Tullow to Borris passes 
 through this village. Here is a sub- 
 scription school for boys and girls. 
 In this quarter are the vestiges of a 
 castle, said to have been a residence 
 of one of the Kings of Leinster. 
 
 FENAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Leitrim 
 and Mohill, county of Leitrim, and 
 Diocese of Ardagh. Population in 
 1831, 4172. Post-town, Ballinamore. 
 
 FENETT, or Finett, anislaud, pa- 
 rish, and entire rectory, in Ballyheig 
 Bay, off the Barony of Clanmorris, 
 county of Kerry, and Diocese of Ard- 
 fert. On this island are the ruins of 
 a castle. This parish is annexed to 
 the rectory of Ardfert and the vicar- 
 age of Kilmelchedor, constituting the 
 corps of the Chancellorship of Ard- 
 fert and Aghadoe. Post-town, Tra- 
 lee. 
 
 FENNOR, a parish and impropri- 
 ate rectory in the Barony of Lower 
 Duleek, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 on the Boyne. Population in 1831, 
 225. Post-town, Slane. 
 
 424 
 
 FENNOR, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Slievehardagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Population in 1831, 2073. 
 Post-town. Freshford. 
 
 FENOUGH, also Finwache and Fin- 
 oagh , a parish and entire rectory in 
 the Barony of Upperthird, county of 
 Waterford, and Diocese of Lismore, 
 on the Suir. Population in 1831, 881. 
 Post-town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 FEOCH (LOUGH), a sequestered 
 mountain. lake in the county of Gal- 
 way, lying about midway between 
 Lough Kylemore andKillery Harbour, 
 in the remote district of Connemara. 
 It is discharged by the Feogh river, 
 which enters Lough Corrib below the 
 village of Oughterard. Above that 
 village the Feogh forms a succession 
 of small rapids called the Salmon 
 Leap. 
 
 FERBANE, or Whery, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Garry- 
 castle, King’s County, and Diocese of 
 Meath, on the Brosna river, which is 
 crossed by a stone bridge at the post- 
 village of Ferbane, 72 miles from 
 Dublin, on the road from Kilbeggan 
 to Banagher and Eyrecourt. This 
 village is surrounded by the Bog of 
 Allen. The mansion of Gallenisin 
 a picturesque demesne, and the ruins 
 of Kilcolgan Castle are in the vici- 
 nity. 
 
 FERCALL, or Fircall, a Barony 
 of the King’s County, containing two 
 parishes, but no town or village of 
 any importance. It was anciently 
 known as the Country of the O' Mul- 
 loys. 
 
 FERGUS, a river which rises in the 
 Barony of Concomroe, county of Clare, 
 and passes through the lakes of Inchi- 
 quin, Dromore, Tedane, Ballyally, and 
 several others. It is joined at Ennis 
 by the Clareen. Below Ennis the 
 Fergus is an expansion of the debouch 
 of the Shannon, and the numerous 
 islands in this splendid estuary consti- 
 tute the Barony of Islands. The 
 scenery is here remarkably beautiful, 
 having all the appearance of a lake ; 
 the shores bold and verdant, and nu 
 
FER OF IRELAND. FER 
 
 merous fertile islands scattered on its 
 surface, of which Innismurray, Innis- 
 tuberat, Innismaguny, and Illangra- 
 nock, are among the more prominent. 
 The Fergus is navigable to the port 
 of Clare for vessels of 100 tons, and 
 small boats can reach Ennis, the coun- 
 ty town ; but the river could be easily 
 made navigable up to that place at a 
 comparatively trifling expense, and it 
 is affirmed that an outlay of from 
 L.400 to L.500 would save the 12s. 6d. 
 per ton carriage on grain conveyed 
 from Ennis to Limerick. From the 
 Shannon to Clare the river is called 
 the Lower Fergus, and from Clare to 
 Ennis it is designated the Upper Fer- 
 gus. The latter is a deep and quiet 
 elongation of water, resembling a canal, 
 and separated from the Lower Fergus 
 by the ledge of rocks on which the 
 abutments of the bridge of Clare are 
 built. This natural dam keeps the 
 upper part of the river constantly 
 full and navigable to Ennis, having a 
 depth of abqut 14 feet in Summer, 
 in rainy seasons from 18 to 25 feet, 
 and the average width U0 feet. The 
 entrance of the Fergus lies between 
 Innismurry Island on the west, and 
 Rinana Point on the east, the estuary | 
 being about five miles broad. The 
 channel is safe for vessels drawing 16 
 feet water ; the tide seldom runs more 
 than 2i miles an hour; and in the 
 channel are good anchorages from 
 three to six fathoms water. Vessels 
 may at all times ground with safety 
 on the mud banks on either side. The 
 improvement of the Fergus is now 
 taken up in connection with that of 
 the navigation of the Shannon. Cap- 
 tain Mudge, R. N., in a Report pre- 
 sented to Parliament, and printed in 
 1832, enters very fully into the details 
 of the obstructions met with in the 
 navigation of the Fergus, from the 
 mouth of the estuary to Clare. In 
 the Second Report of the Commis- 
 sioners for the Improvement of the 
 Shannon, printed in 1838, it is thus 
 stated : — “ The estuary of the Fergus, 
 which branches to the northward from 
 the main course of the Shannon, is of 
 425 
 
 much importance to the county of 
 Clare. Fortunately, as far as the vil- 
 lage of Clare the Fergus presents 
 very few impediments to its naviga- 
 tion by vessels of large burden, all of 
 which can be removed at a trifling 
 expense. At present the great desi- 
 deratum is a proper shipping wharf at 
 Clare, where vessels can load and un- 
 load at all times of the tide. Being 
 fully impressed with the importance 
 of this station, we have caused a care- 
 ful survey to be made, and have pre- 
 pared a plan and estimate for a wharf, 
 composed of wooden piles and frame- 
 work, which will answer every pur- 
 pose required, and which may here- 
 after be enlarged if found necessary. 
 The subject of making the river navi- 
 gable to the town of Ennis has been 
 frequently discussed. The facilities 
 presented by nature for effecting an 
 opening through the barrier at Clare, 
 to the interior basin of deep water, 
 are very striking, but the trade is too 
 inconsiderable to justify at present 
 the construction and maintenance. 
 The navigation would then, however, 
 only reach to within a quarter of a 
 mile of the town of Ennis, and it 
 would therefore be still necessary to 
 transport the produce that distance 
 by means of carts. Under these cir- 
 cumstances, it appears to us more de- 
 sirable to make the shipping point at 
 Clare, as the difference of the cost of 
 carriage from Ennis to that place will 
 very little exceed that from Ennis to 
 the shipping place obtained by the 
 improvement. Future increase ot 
 business may render it expedient to 
 take a different view of this project. 
 The estimated expense of the propos- 
 ed shipping wharf at Clare amounts 
 to L.4400.” As the village of Clare 
 is divided property, in w’hich no indi- 
 vidual possesses a sufficient interest 
 to warrant being called upon for a 
 special contribution towards the pro- 
 posed works, the Commissioners sug- 
 gest that the public should detray 
 one third, the Barony of Inchiquin be 
 assessed for one third, and the Baro- 
 nies of Bunratty and of Islands each 
 
FER 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 one sixth; also that a small toll be 
 levied to maintain buoys, beacons, 
 and other matters connected with the 
 works. The Commissioners add : — 
 “We believe such policy to be the 
 only one applicable to the success of 
 the beneficial objects contemplated by 
 this measure generally.” Clare will 
 thus likely become a prosperous town, 
 instead of being what Captain Mudge 
 describes it in his Report, “ a small 
 and wretched village, owing its exist- 
 ence to its proximity to the river. It 
 consists of a few miserable and poor 
 hovels, some without even a thatch. 
 You may here and there see a slated 
 cabin, but the whole is a picture of 
 misery and distress.” 
 
 FERMANAGH, a county of the 
 Province of Ulster, bounded on the 
 north, north-west, and north-east, by 
 the counties of Donegal and Tyrone, 
 on the east by Monaghan, on the south 
 by Cavan, and on the south-west by 
 Leitrim. It has only a small tract of 
 sea- coast between the town of Bun- 
 doran and the debouch of the Erne at 
 Ballyshannon in Donegal Bay. The 
 greatest length, from the boundary of 
 Donegal near Ballyshannon on the 
 north-west to Sliankell Lough on the 
 south- east is 45 statute miles ; and the 
 greatest breadth, from the Cuilcagh 
 Mountain on the borders of Cavan to 
 Tappaghan Mountain on the frontiers 
 of Tyrone, is 29 statute miles. One 
 authority estimates the area at 736 
 square miles, or 471,348 English acres, 
 of which 320,599 are cultivated, 101,952 
 are unimproved mountain and bog, 
 and 48,797 are under water ; but the 
 Ordnance Survey reduces the area to 
 456,531 acres, of which 409,783 are 
 land, and 46,783 are water, of the latter 
 of which, according to the same Sur- 
 vey, 36,348 are included in the Upper 
 and Lower Lakes of Lough Erne. 
 
 The county is divided into nearly 
 two equal portions by Lough Erne, 
 the tract south of the Upper Lake be- 
 ing waste and mountain, bounded on 
 the south by Lough Melvin and by 
 the Upper and Lower Lough Macnean, 
 the former discharging itself into the 
 426 
 
 Atlantic, and the two latter into Up- 
 per Lough Erne by the Arney river. 
 The principal hills and mountains in 
 this tract on the north are, Glena- 
 long, 793 feet; Tiranagher, 875 feet; 
 Bolusty, 1064 feet; Shean North, 1175 
 feet ; Shean East, 1030 feet ; Blackslee, 
 1026 feet; all in acontinued range from 
 west to east overhanging the Upper 
 Lough Erne. In the central tract are 
 Drumbad, 1009 feet; Knockmore, 919 
 feet; Glenkeel, 1223 feet; Belmore, 
 1312 feet. On the south are Slap- 
 ragh, 845 feet ; Ora More, 854 feet ; 
 and Aghamore, 1249 feet. The whole 
 of this tract abounds with small lakes, 
 cavities, holes in the rocks, caverns, 
 and subterraneous cavities traversed 
 by streams, of which the most remark- 
 able is the Roogagh river, conveying 
 the water of several small lakes to 
 Lough Melvin, and dipping under- 
 ground before it emerges. Through- 
 out the central parts of the county 
 caves and deep holes occur, and on 
 the east the land slopes to the fertile 
 district extending from Enniskillen 
 up the vales of the Arney and Silees 
 rivers. South of the Arney rises the 
 Cuilcagh Mountain, the highest in the 
 county, 2188 feet, at the base of which 
 is Florence Court, the splendid seat 
 of the Earl of Enniskillen. In this 
 quarter also abound rocky holes, ca- 
 verns, natural arches, and subterra- 
 neous cavities traversed by streams. 
 The county north of Upper Lough 
 Erne is less mountainous, the chief 
 eminences being Glenvannan, 730 feet, 
 and Tappaghan, 1110 feet. This dis- 
 trict is adorned by Castle Code, the 
 seat of the Earl of Belmore, and con- 
 sidered the most splendid modern 
 residence in Ireland, close to the town 
 of Enniskillen. The county is divid- 
 ed into eight Baronies — 1. Lurg on 
 the north, containing the town of 
 Irvinestown ; 2. Tyrkenedy on the 
 north-east, in which are the small 
 town of Lisbellaw. and part of Ennis- 
 killen; 3. Magherastephena on the 
 east, with the town of Maguire’s 
 Bridge and the village of Lisnaskea ; 
 4. Clankelly on the east ; 5. Coole on 
 
FER OF IRELAND. „ FER 
 
 the south-east, with the village of 
 Newtown. Butler ; 6. Knockinny on 
 the south ; 7. Glenawly, or Clenawly, 
 on the south-west ; 8. Magheraboy on 
 the west^ 
 
 The rivers are small, and the prin- 
 cipal are the Arney and Silees, which 
 run into Lough Erne from the south- 
 west; the Claddagh, or Swanlinbar 
 river, which flows into Lough Erne 
 south-east of the Cuilcagh Mountain ; 
 the Woodford, separating the county 
 from a part of Cavan, and entering 
 Lough Erne ; and the Drumany or 
 Colebrooke river, a branch of which 
 passes Tempo, and flows into the lake 
 from the north. Sandstone and grit 
 are the principal geological appear- 
 ances, but limestone occurs in the 
 mountains, and in the islands of Lough 
 Erne. The soil of the county is natu- 
 rally cold and moorish, but it has been 
 brought into a good state of cultiva- 
 tion in the arable districts. Much of 
 the agricultural produce is consumed 
 within the county, and the external 
 traffic is limited. The linen manu- 
 facture is carried on, but to no such 
 extent as to form a considerable 
 branch of commerce. The climate 
 is cold and moist ; and this quarter of 
 Ireland is much exposed to violent 
 winds iu winter, which render the 
 navigation of Lough Erne dangerous. 
 
 Fermanagh is greatly cut up or 
 subdivided into small farms, which 
 are very imperfectly tilled. The fol- 
 lowing observations on the state of 
 the county by Mr Inglis appear judi- 
 cious, and are deserving of attention : 
 — “ The condition of the land occu- 
 piers in the Baronies of Fermanagh is 
 superior to that of the same classes in 
 most other parts which I had visited ; 
 but at the same time, looking merely 
 to externals, and especially judging by 
 the houses in which the people live, 
 one would certainly form too favour- 
 able conclusions. The love of a neat 
 exterior, which is observable in this 
 district, and in other districts of the 
 North, is not so much the result of 
 superior condition as of other causes, 
 the chief of which is, that very many 
 427 
 
 of the landholders are Scotish and 
 English by descent, and that the force 
 of example has prevailed. Another 
 reason is, that there are many resident 
 gentry, most of whom are unembar- 
 rassed in their circumstances. From 
 attentive observation and anxious in- 
 quiry, I have reason to say that rents 
 throughout this county are from 5s. 
 to 8s. an acre too high, with the ex- 
 ception of the old takes. The utmost 
 industry is required in order that a 
 man may pay his rent, and live in any 
 thing like comfort ; but in order that 
 there should be an accumulation of 
 capital among farmers, rents would 
 require to be lower. I should cer- 
 tainly say, however, that any industri- 
 ous farmer occupying a fair-sized farm 
 may be comfortable in this county 
 though he may not be able to get rich. 
 The produce of an acre of good land 
 here may be worth L.8, and at 25s. rent 
 a fair profit is received. I found all 
 admit — both Protestant and Catholic 
 farmers — that they could afford to eat 
 meat three times a week, and as much 
 milk and butter as were required for 
 their families ; or, if they chose to live 
 more abstemiously, they could lay 
 aside a little money. One individual, 
 paying 30s. an acre for a moderate- 
 sized farm, but of which the land was 
 of the best quality, told me he could 
 afford to eat meat every day. The 
 wages of labour here is usually lOd. 
 without diet, or 6d. with diet, but day- 
 labourers are not common. The 
 usual practice is to keep farm-ser- 
 vants, who get from L.3to L.5a-year. 
 
 I found a good many small cotters, 
 owning a quarter of an acre or so, 
 and a cabin. These small holdings 
 were under the farmers, and the agree- 
 ment generally was to give for their 
 holding four days’ labour. This is 
 exorbitantly high ; it leaves little more 
 than a hundred days’ labour for all 
 that life requires, beyond the produce 
 of a quarter of an acre of potatoe land. 
 The con-acre system is also common 
 in most parts of Fermanagh, and the 
 rent per acre is from L.8 to L.10.*’ 
 Fermanagh was first constituted a i 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 county by the statute of 11th of Eli- 
 zabeth, and it was finally brought 
 under civil government in the reign 
 of James I. at the time of the Planta- 
 tion of Ulster. The forfeitures of 
 1641 considerably affected the county, 
 and increased the possessions of the 
 English and Scotish settlers. The 
 public expenses are defrayed by Grand 
 Presentments, and the cost of the 
 constabulary force establishment is 
 upwards of L.4709. The county re- 
 turns two members to the Imperial 
 Parliament; constituency in 1840-1, 
 1640. Population in 1831, 149,763. 
 
 FERMOY, a Barony in the county 
 of Cork, which, with the Baronies of 
 Condons and Clongibbons, extends on 
 the north of the Black water ; and very 
 high hills on the north and east 
 boundaries of the combined Baronies 
 separate the county of Cork from 
 those of Limerick, Tipperary, and Wa- 
 terford. This is chiefly a limestone 
 district, and therefore fertile ; the in- 
 closures are good, the hedgerows 
 numerous, and much natural wood is 
 on the mountain slopes. The want 
 of fuel is among the disadvantages of 
 the district, and turf-bog is only found 
 in the vicinity of the mountains. In 
 agriculture many improvements have 
 been effected, clover is now cultivated 
 to a considerable breadth, and turnips 
 have been introduced extensively in 
 the neighbourhood of the town of 
 Fermoy, which has a spirited Agri- 
 cultural Society. The Awbeg and 
 the Blackwater traverse the district, 
 and itincludes the towns of Doneraile. 
 Castletown-Roche, and the fashion- 
 able watering-place of Mallow. The 
 Barony was anciently known as the 
 Sacred Plant , from the vast number 
 of Druidical altars erected on it du- 
 ring the third century. 
 
 FERMOY, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy in the Barony of Condons and 
 Clongibbons, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne. The handsome 
 town of Fermoy, 142 English miles 
 from Dublin, on the great southern 
 road from that city to Cork, is si- 
 tuated on the right or north side of 
 428 
 
 FER 
 
 the Blackwater, which is here crossed 
 by a stone bridge of 13 arches. Al- 
 though a Cistertian Abbey, founded 
 in 1270, under the invocation of the 
 Virgin Mary, occupied the site of the 
 parish church, the town is altogether 
 modern, and owes its origin to its late 
 proprietor, John Anderson, Esq., who 
 introduced mail coach travelling into 
 the Province of Munster. The origin 
 of the town is thus described by a 
 writer in the “ Quarterly Journal of 
 Agriculture” for September 1840: — 
 “ Mr Anderson came from Scotland 
 to Fermoy in 1791, and purchased the 
 greater part of the manor of Fermoy. 
 The town itself w r as at that time a mi- 
 serable assemblage of straggling and 
 dilapidated houses, with only one car- 
 riers’ inn for the accommodation of 
 travellers of any class. These he 
 soon levelled to the earth, on their 
 site he laid down uniform streets, and 
 built commodious and substantial 
 houses, with a hotel establishment, 
 and all its adjuncts of stables, coach- 
 houses, and coachmakers’ sheds, which 
 astonished the natives of every de- 
 gree. Fortunately for Mr Anderson, 
 the situation of Fermoy, 20 miles 
 from Cork, and on a river with few 
 bridges, and not easily fordable, ren- 
 dered it an eligible position for the 
 military during the war with France 
 and the rebellion at home ; and the 
 Government closed with the over- 
 tures of Mr Anderson for erecting 
 Cavalry and Infantry Barracks on a 
 grand and extensive scale. He gave 
 an area of 16 acres for the purpose, 
 and as long as troops occupied the 
 Barracks, which were soon fit for the 
 purpose, the town of Fermoy flourish- 
 ed, and Mr Anderson grew rich. 
 House rent became high ; every roof 
 was in demand; families connected 
 with the numerous military then al- 
 ways stationed there, and artizans and 
 shopkeepers crowded into the town, 
 and rendered it a place of bustling 
 occupation and amusement. Old roads 
 w'ere repaired, new lines opened, 
 mail coaches established, and a noble 
 bridge was then built over the river 
 
FER 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 FER 
 
 from the main street on the mail- 
 coach road between Dublin and Cork, 
 and the proprietor erected a very 
 handsome mansion for himself on 
 some flat alluvial land adjoining. 
 When foreign and domestic peace 
 were happily for the empire re-esta- 
 blished, Fermoy lost its military, and 
 with them the source of employment 
 for the numerous train of tradesmen 
 who administered to their wants. Mr 
 Anderson most deservedly obtained a 
 Baronetcy in 1813.” This latter state- 
 ment, however, is incorrect. Mr 
 Anderson himself did not obtain the 
 Baronetcy, but his eldest son, James 
 Caleb Anderson, born in 1792, was 
 created a Baronet in 1813, by George 
 IV., then Prince Regent, “ as a mark 
 of His Royal Highness’s approbation 
 of the services rendered to Ireland by 
 Sir James’s father, John Anderson, 
 Esq. of Fermoy.” The family seat is 
 Buttevant Castle. 
 
 To the preceding notices of this 
 pretty town it may be stated, that 
 an act was obtained for providing 
 it with police ; and various manu- 
 factures, including a brewery, paper- 
 mill, and bolting-mill, were establish- 
 ed by Mr Anderson. The trade of 
 the town, however, has very material- 
 ly declined, and it will never become 
 a place of commercial importance, as 
 the Blackwater is not navigable. Ale 
 brewing and the grain trade are still 
 carried on, and the staple of the whole 
 surrounding district is corn, butter, 
 and dairy produce. There is nothing 
 original in Fermoy, as in the old Irish 
 towns ; no cabins almost roofless ; no 
 dunghills, dirt, or abject and squalid 
 wretchedness, though want of em- 
 ployment is severely felt! The ap 
 pearance of the town is imposing. It 
 extends on each side of an elegant 
 square fronting the northern end of the 
 bridge. The parish church is a much 
 admired edifice, and was designed by 
 Mr Hargrave. In the town are a Roman 
 Catholic chapel, and meeting-houses 
 for Wesleyan Methodists and other 
 Dissenters. The Market House is 
 spacious, and the butcher market is 
 429 
 
 held in an inclosure appropriated to 
 the purpose. The Classical School is 
 partly endowed ; the Fermoy National 
 School was established in 1833, and in 
 1834 there were 16 schools in the 
 town and parish. In the town is a 
 Branch of the National Bank of Ire- 
 land. Fermoy ale is in great repute. 
 
 A line of navigation has been sug- 
 gested to extend from the town to 
 Lismore, but a railway from that 
 town, or from Mallow, will likely be 
 adopted. Near the town is a great 
 extent of nursery lands, and the sur- 
 rounding country is rich and diver- 
 sified, the reaches of the Blackwater 
 between the town and Mallow are 
 beautiful, and the banks are adorned 
 with mansions of some of the princi- 
 pal proprietors. Population in 1831, 
 6976; but this number included the 
 military. 
 
 FERN (LOUGH), a small lake in 
 the county of Donegal, about a mile 
 from the town of Melford. 
 
 FERNS, a Diocese in the Archi- 
 episcopal Province of Dublin, includ- 
 ing the whole of the county of Wex- 
 ford, and a small part of Wicklow. In 
 1834 it contained 140 parishes, consti- 
 tuting 57 benefices, and the parochial 
 edifices of the Church of Ireland were 
 62 ; chapels-of-ease, 2 ; Roman Catho- 
 lic chapels, 91 ; Presbyterian, 1 ; other 
 Dissenters, 14. In that year the gross 
 population of the Diocese was 197,780 ; 
 of whom 24,67-2 were members of the 
 Church of Ireland, and 172,780 were 
 Roman Catholics. There were also 
 301 daily schools, educating 15,970 
 young persons, 19 of which schools 
 were in connection with the National 
 Board of Education. The Chapter 
 consists of the Dean, Precentor, Chan- 
 cellor, Treasurer, Archdeacon, and 
 ten Prebendaries. The See was 
 founded about A.D. 598 by St Edan, 
 alias Moedoc, and during his life it 
 ranked as an Archbishopric, being the 
 head of the ecclesiastical Province of 
 Leinster. It was annexed to the See 
 of Leighlin in 1600, and by the act of 
 1833 to that of Ossory, all of which 
 Dioceses are now under one Bishop. 
 
 — — — ... ■— ■ ■ ~ — a . 
 
FER THE GAZETTEER FET 
 
 The Right Rev. Thomas Elrington, 
 D.D., was the last Bishop of Ferns 
 and Leighlin, before the annexation 
 to Ossory, which was effected by his 
 death in 1835. His Lordship was con- 
 secrated Bishop of Limerick in 1820, 
 and translated to the See of Ferns in 
 1822. Bishop Elrington is well known 
 to the literary world by several very 
 learned theological works. 
 
 FERNS, an old episcopal town, or 
 rather village, parish, and vicarage, in 
 the Baronies of Gorey and Scare- 
 walsb, county of Wexford, 75 miles 
 from Dublin. It is a place of con- 
 siderable antiquity, but greatly decay- 
 ed. The Cathedral is a plain edifice, 
 used as the parish' church, but the 
 episcopal palace, erected by Bishop 
 Cope, is an elegant and commodious 
 ; mansion, in a fine demesne adjacent 
 | to the Cathedral. Here are some re- 
 mains of an abbey founded by Der- 
 mod MacMurrough, King of Leinster, 
 and a ruined castle, said to have been 
 his residence at the arrival of the 
 English. It is alleged that he founded 
 the abbey as an atonement for firing 
 the town in 1166, and he endowed it 
 with considerable possessions. The 
 Diocesan School was founded in the 
 reign of Queen Elizabeth, and endow- 
 ed with a salary of L.21 per annum. 
 One of the schools on Erasmus 
 Smith’s foundation is in the parish. 
 Population of the town in 1831, 571 ; of 
 the parish, 4038. 
 
 FERRARD, a Barony forming the 
 i south part of the county of Louth, 
 divided into 21 parishes, and contain- 
 ing the small towns of Clogber, Col- 
 lon, and Dunleer, and the villages of 
 Anagassan, Termonfeckin, and Beg- 
 of-Rath. It is a fertile district, of a 
 singularly undulating surface, but in- 
 | differently supplied with water. It 
 gives 'the title of Viscount, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Skeffington-Foster. Margaret- 
 Araelia, daughter of Thomas Burgh, 
 Esq. of Bert, county of Kildare, mar- 
 ried, in 1764, the Right Hon. John 
 Foster, last Speaker of the Irish House 
 of Commons, by whom she had Tho- 
 430 
 
 mas Henry, first Viscount, and a 
 daughter married to Lord Dufferin. 
 She was created Baroness Oriel in 
 1790, and Viscountess Ferrard in 1797. 
 Her Ladyship died in 1824, and was 
 succeeded by her only son, the first 
 Viscount, who also became Baron 
 Oriel of Ferrard at the death of his 
 father in 1828. This nobleman was 
 created Baron Oriel of Ferrard, in the 
 Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 
 1821 . The chief seats are Oriel Tem- 
 ple in the county of Louth (see Col- 
 lon), and Antrim Castle in the coun- 
 ty of Antrim. 
 
 FERRITER ISLANDS, several 
 lonely islands near the Blaskets, off 
 the coast of Kerry, near the north en- 
 trance of Dingle Bay, tenanted only 
 by myriads of sea-fowl, which nestle 
 on these forbidding and frowning 
 cliffs. 
 
 FERRYBANK, a small village in 
 the parish of Gaulskill, county of Kil- 
 kenny, on the north side of the Suir, 
 across which was formerly a regular 
 ferry to the city of Waterford. 
 
 FERTIANA, or Fartiana, a parish 
 and entire rectory in the Barony of 
 Eliogarty, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Emly. Population in 1831, 
 1168. Post-town, Thurles. 
 
 FETHARD, or Feathard, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Middlethird, county of Tipper- 
 ary, and Diocese of Cashel. The 
 small tow-n of Fethard, anciently a 
 borough, which returned two mem- 
 bers to the Irish Parliament, is usual- 
 ly written Fethard - Tip , a contraction 
 of Tipperary, to distinguish it from 
 the other Fethard in the county of 
 Wexford. This town is 13 Irish 
 miles from Callan, and 109 English 
 miles from Dublin; and is situated in 
 one of the most fertile parts of Tipper- 
 ary, about tw’o miles west from the 
 base of the mountain Slievenaraan. 
 It was formerly a place of defence, 
 and the gates and fragments of the 
 embattled walls still remain. There 
 is no trade beyond that of retail 
 The large ancient church of the Au- 
 gustinian Friary is used as the Roman 
 
FEW 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 FIN 
 
 Catholic chapel, and there is a small 
 Presbyterian meeting-house. The 
 old mansion of the Everard family, 
 formerly proprietors of the town, has 
 been long converted into the Infantry 
 Barrack. Near the town are the 
 pleasant and picturesque residences 
 of Grove and Kiltinan Castle, and the 
 surrounding scenery is agreeably di- 
 versified. Several fairs are held in 
 this decayed place, and the inhabitants 
 are a singularly inactive community. 
 Population of town in 1831, 3400 ; of 
 the parish, 3962. 
 
 FETHARD, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Shelburne, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, on 
 the shore. The small fishing village 
 of Fethard is three miles from Tin- 
 tern, opposite Bannow, from which it 
 is separated by the narrow channel, 
 which is the inlet to Bannow Bay. 
 About a mile below the village is 
 the Bag-and-Bun, vulgarly Bagenbon 
 Head , at which the Anglo-Normans 
 under Strongbow first landed in 1171. 
 A point is known as Strongbow’s 
 Camp. In this parish are the ruins 
 of three castles. Three miles below 
 Fethard is Loftus Hall, a seat of the 
 Marquis of Ely — a very plain edifice 
 in the centre of the narrow peninsula 
 of Hookhead, at the extremity of 
 which is the Hook Lighthouse, an an- 
 cient round tower 100 feet high, and 
 35 feet in diameter, converted into 
 this useful purpose. Near it is the 
 village of Churchtown. Population 
 in 1831, 2153. 
 
 FEWS, a Barony in the county of 
 Armagh, anciently the territory of 
 the O'Neils, containing the lofty chain 
 called the Few Mountains, of which 
 Dangry, north of the town of New- 
 town-Hamilton, is 1093 feet in height. 
 From these mountains issue nume- 
 rous streams, of which the principal 
 are the Blackwater, the Whitewater, 
 and the Callan Water, which flow 
 northward. The Barony comprises 
 six parishes, and includes the towns 
 of Markethill and Newtown-Hamil- 
 ton, and the villages of Hamilton’s 
 Bawn, Belleck, and Crossmeglin. 
 
 431 
 
 Tracts of bog and numerous small 
 lakes abound. 
 
 FEWS, a parish, impropriate rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Decies-without-Drum, county of Wa- 
 terford, and Diocese of Lismore, on 
 the Mahon river. Population in 1831, 
 1247. Post-town, Kilmacthomas. 
 
 FIDDOWN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Iverk, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, with a small village of its 
 name, in which several fairs are held, 
 on the river Suir. In the parish 
 church is a splendid monument to the 
 memory of Brabazon, second Vis- 
 count and first Earl of Besborough, 
 who died in 1758. A charity school 
 is supported in the village by the Earl 
 of Besborough. Population in 1831, 
 4296. Post-town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 FIELDSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Clonmethon, county of Dub- 
 lin, twelve miles north-west of the 
 city of Dublin, on the banks of a 
 streamlet crossed by a stone bridge. 
 It is only noted for the show of ex- 
 cellent horses exhibited at its annual 
 fair, which is held on Whit-Monday. 
 
 FINDONAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony and coun- 
 ty of Monaghan, Diocese of Clogher, 
 in the vicinity of the town of Mo- 
 naghan. 
 
 FINE A, a neat village, at which a 
 number of fairs are held, in the coun- 
 ty of Westmeath, not far from Castle- 
 Pollard, situated on a stream which 
 connects Lough Sheelin with Lough 
 Inny. This stream is the boundary 
 between the counties of Cavan and 
 Westmeath, and is here crossed by a 
 stone bridge. 
 
 FINGAL, the name of a large part 
 of the county of Dublin, inhabited 
 both on the shore and inland by peo- 
 ple who have a peculiar dialect, and 
 are different in features, voice, and 
 customs, from the peasantry in other 
 parts of the county. The Fingalians 
 are represented as industrious fisher- 
 men and farmers, but they are truly 
 originals in their w’ay, and display 
 curious traits of Irish character. The 
 
FIN THE GAZETTEER FIN 
 
 district gives the title of Earl, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Plunket, alleged to be of 
 Danish origin, but of very remote 
 settlement in Ireland. John Plunket, 
 from whom Lord Dunsany is descend- 
 ed, was located at Beaulieu, or Bew- 
 ley, in the county of Meath, the con- 
 stant residence of the elder branch of 
 his descendants. Of this branch was 
 Sir Christopher Plunket, who married 
 the only daughter of Sir Lucas Cusack, 
 feudal Lord of Killeen, Dunsany, and 
 Geraldstown, in Meath, and became 
 in her right proprietor of the Barony 
 of Killeen. Lucas, tenth Lord, was 
 created Earl of Fingal in 1 G28. Peter, 
 fourth Earl, was outlawed for his ad- 
 herence to James II., but this sen- 
 tence was reversed in 1697. The 
 chief residence of this Noble Family 
 is Killeen Castle, Meath. 
 
 FINGLASS, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Nether- 
 cross, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, in the valley traversed by the 
 small winding river Tolka. The vil 
 lag© of Finglass is about three and a 
 half miles from Dublin, on the ruad 
 to Ashbourne, on the Tolka, which 
 is here crossed by a bridge. The 
 situation is agreeable and pictur- 
 esque. Here are a Protestant and a 
 Roman Catholic school. In the vici- 
 nity are numbers of neat villas and 
 elegant residences. Population in 
 1831, 2110. 
 
 FINGLASS, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Clonlisk, King’s 
 County, and Diocese of Killaloe, in 
 the Union of Dunkerrin. Post-town, 
 Moneygall. 
 
 FINN, a stream which issues from 
 Lough Finn, amid the county of Do- 
 negal, a very narrow lake upwards of 
 three miles in length. During its 
 course to Lough Erne through the 
 valley it receives several streams, and 
 forms some small lakes in the grounds 
 of the fine seat of Castle-Saunderson, 
 where the road enters the comity of 
 Fermanagh. 
 
 FINNTOWN, a post- village in the 
 parish of Iniskeel, county of Donegal, 
 432 
 
 about 16 miles from Stranorlar, near 
 the shore of Lough Finn. Fairs are 
 held on the 16th of May, 3d of July, 
 3d of September, and 3d of November. 
 
 FINOE, or Fyxough, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Killaloe. Population 
 in 1831, 1399. Post-town, B orris- o- 
 Kane. 
 
 FINOUGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Bunratty, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 1021. Post- 
 town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 FINTONA, a post-town in the pa- 
 rish of Donaghcavey, county of Ty- 
 rone, about nine miles from Cloglier, 
 in a fertile valley, surrounded by a 
 bleak though improving hilly tract. 
 This town is a straggling, ill-built, 
 curious-looking place, at which the 
 weaving of linen is carried on to a 
 considerable extent, and the weekly 
 markets and fairs are well attended. 
 The latter are held on the 22d of each 
 month. Here are the parish church, 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, and a Pres- 
 byterian and a Methodist meeting- 
 house. Close to the town is the re- 
 sidence of Ecclesville, a mile east is 
 that of Derrabard, two miles south is 
 that of Lake Mount, and five miles 
 west is the village of Droraore, on the 
 cross road from Omagh to Enniskil- 
 len. Population in 1831, 1714. 
 
 FINTRAGH BAY, a bay about 
 two miles west from Killybegs, on the 
 coast of Donegal. 
 
 FINVARRA, a village on the Bay 
 of Galway, in the county of Clare, on 
 a peninsula of its name. A martello 
 tower is erected on this point. 
 
 FINUGE, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Clanmaurice, county 
 of Kerry, and annexed Diocese of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe, on the river 
 Feale. Population in 1831, 1431. Post- 
 town, Listowel. 
 
 FINYOY, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Kilconway, county of 
 Antrim, and Diocese of Connor. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 6093. Post-town, 
 Ballymoney. 
 
FLU 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 FOR 
 
 FIRMOUNT, a parochial cbapelry 
 and village in the Barony of Granard, 
 county of Longford, and Diocese of 
 Ardagh. Firmount, in the demesne 
 of Lissard, was the residence of the 
 Abbe Edgeworth, who was confessor 
 to Louis XVI., and attended that un- 
 fortunate and murdered monarch to 
 the scaffold. The post-town of Edge- 
 worthstown is in the neighbourhood. 
 
 FIVE-FINGERS-ROCK, a rock 
 near the entrance to Trawbreaga Bay, 
 off the coast of Donegal. 
 
 FIVE-MILE-BRIDGE, a village in 
 the parish of Carrigaline, county of 
 Cork, five miles from Cork, on the 
 Conbury stream. Near it is a strong 
 chalybeate spring, and fairs are held 
 in May and October. 
 
 FIVE-MILE-TOWN, a post vil- 
 lage, also called Blessingbum, in the 
 ; Barony and Diocese of Clogher, coun- 
 ty of Tyrone, on the road from Lis- 
 , uaskea to Enniskillen. Near it is the 
 | villa of Blessingbum Cottage. Fairs 
 are held on the 19th of January, 21st 
 i of March, 4th and 7th of June, 15th of 
 | August, and 22d of November. 
 
 FLESK, a stream which traverses 
 j the valley to which it gives its name, 
 i and enters the Lower Lake of Killar- 
 j ney, in the county of Kerry. It is 
 i remarkably serpentine, and receives 
 | numerous tributary rivulets. On its 
 banks, about two miles from the town 
 of Killarney, is the villa called FJesk 
 i Priory. 
 
 FLESK, a stream in Kerry con- 
 nected with the Maine river. See 
 ! Main. 
 
 FLORENCE- COURT, a small vil- 
 lage in the parish of Cleenish, county 
 of Fermanagh, which contains the 
 church and a post-office, about seven 
 I miles from the town of Enniskillen. 
 The splendid demesne of Florence- 
 Court, the seat of the Earl of Ennis- 
 killen, occupies the northern slopes 
 , of the Dowbally Mountains, and dis- 
 plays a vast extent of wood. The 
 mansion is spacious, and has a grand 
 baronial appearance. 
 
 FLURRY, a small stream in the 
 county of Louth, which meanders 
 433 
 
 through the romantic demesne of 
 Ravensdale Park, in the valley be- 
 tween the Hill of Feede and Clare- 
 mont Carn, the latter 1674 feet in 
 height, and in its course supplies a 
 small picturesque artificial sheet of 
 water. This stream rises in the 
 Slieve-Gullion Mountains, and enters 
 Dundalk Bay. The hamlet of Flurry- 
 Bridge, with its post-office, about five 
 miles from Dundalk, is at the branch- 
 ing off of the roads to Carlingford 
 and Rosstrevor. 
 
 FLYNN’S INN, or HALF-WAY 
 HOUSE, a road-side house of enter- 
 tainment near the shore of Lough- 
 Onard, about ten miles from Ougliter- 
 ard, and the first met on the route 
 from that town to Clifden. 
 
 FOATY, an island occupied by the 
 fine demesne of its name, formed by a 
 narrow branch of a Bay near Carrig- 
 tohill, in Cork Harbour. The man- 
 sion is a neat Grecian edifice, and the 
 entrance gates at each' end of the 
 island are spacious and unique. 
 
 FOHANA, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Kilconnel, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Clonfert. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1968. Post-town, 
 Castle-Blakeney. 
 
 FOLEY, a small island in Cork 
 Harbour. 
 
 FOLLISTOWN, or Folnestown, a 
 small impropriate curacy in the Ba- 
 rony of Skreene, county and Diocese 
 of Meath. 
 
 FONSTOWN. SeeBALLJNTOBRER. 
 
 FONTSTOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Na- 
 ragh, Rheban, and West Ophaly, coun- 
 ty of Kildare, and in the Barony of 
 Upper Philipstown, Archdiocese of 
 Dublin. Population in 1831, 1043. 
 Post-town, Kilcullen. 
 
 FOOK’S-MILL, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Taghman, county of Wexford, 
 on a tributary of the Bannow, near 
 which are the ruins of Rathgourey 
 Castle. 
 
 FORBES (LOUGH), one of the 
 numerous enlargements of the Shan- 
 non, in the county of Longford, be- 
 tween Tarmonbarry and Dromod. 
 
 2 o 
 
I 
 
 FOR THE GAZETTEER FOX 
 
 FORE, or Fowre, a parish and cu- j 
 racy in the Barony of Demifore, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. The poor village of Fore, 
 once a corporate town, which sent 
 two members to the Irish Parliament, 
 is romantically situated on the north 
 side of the hill, called the Ben of 
 Fore, bounding Lough Lane. A sub- 
 terraneous stream from that lake 
 turns a small mill in the village. Fore 
 is the very personification of loneli- 
 ness, but the ruins of its ancient ab- 
 bey and monastery, and the remains 
 of its gates and walls, indicate its for- 
 mer importance. It is said that the 
 monastery, which was founded by St 
 Feighan, was at one time inhabited by 
 no fewer than 3000 monks, but tradi- 
 tion does not inform us in what man- 
 ner such a phalanx employed their 
 time, or how they could even subsist. 
 Population of parish in 1831, 2447. 
 Post-town, Castle-Pollard. 
 
 FORGNEY, a parish and chapelry 
 in the county of Longford, and Dio- 
 cese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 2241. Post-town, Ballymahon. 
 
 FORKHILL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Orior, 
 county and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 at the base of the Slie ve-Gullion Moun- 
 tains, on the Mullybawn river. In the 
 parish are several endowed schools, 
 two of which are under the Trustees 
 of Mr Richard Jackson, and two are 
 under the Trustees of the Forkhill 
 Charities. The residences of Fork- 
 hill House and Forkhill Lodge are in 
 the vicinity. Fairs are held at Fork- 
 hill on the 1st of May, 1st of August, 
 29th of September, and 8th of Decem- 
 ber. Population of village in 1S31, 
 152 ; of parish, 7063. 
 
 FORSET, a stream of the county 
 of Clare, where it forms a most pic- 
 turesque rapid as it leaves the town 
 of Ennistymon, and enters the At- 
 lantic in Liscanor Bay. 
 
 FORTH, a Barony of the county of 
 CaTlow, divided into six parishes, in 
 which are several populous villages. 
 This district is fertile, and is almost 
 exclusively agricultural. 
 
 434 
 
 FORTH, a Barony of the county of 
 Wexford, divided into 22 parishes. 
 It stretches along the shore from 
 Carnsore Point to Bannow, and con- 
 tains about 50 square miles. The 
 coast is flat, and greatly exposed to 
 sea storms ; but the Barony, including 
 that of Bargy, is considered one of the 
 most fertile tracts in the South of Ire- 
 land. The surface is not very pic- 
 turesque, but it is fertile, in good cul- 
 tivation, and the tenantry industrious 
 and comfortable. The inhabitants are 
 of Welsh origin, and the language of 
 Wales was long spoken. At the pre- 
 sent time it is a dialect of the Anglo- 
 Saxon, unmixed with Irish, and they 
 retain many customs which distin- 
 guish them from their neighbours. 
 The Barony of Forth Mountains are 
 a low ridge of rocky hills four miles 
 in length on the north-west, separat- 
 ing the Barony from the rest of the 
 county, and prominent in this gene- 
 rally flat district. 
 
 FOSSE Y, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Baronies of Cullinagh and Mary- 
 borough, Queen’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Leighlin. Population in 1831, 
 1810. Post-town, Stradbally. 
 
 FOULKSMILL, a village on the 
 road from Taghmon to Fetliard by 
 Tintern, in the county of Wexford. 
 
 FOUR-MILE-WATER, a small vil- 
 lage in the parish of Kilronan, county 
 of Waterford, five miles from Clon- 
 mel, on the Suir, which is here crossed 
 by a stone bridge. It has a neat and 
 commodious Roman Catholic chapel. 
 
 FOXALL, or Foxhall, a parish 
 and vicarage in Ihe Barony and Dio- 
 cese of Ardagh, county of Longford, 
 in the Union of Killglass. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1125, Post-town, Edge- 
 worthstown. 
 
 FOXFORD, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Gallen, county of Mayo, 
 and Diocese of Killala, watered by 
 the Moy river. The small town of 
 Foxford is pleasantly situated on the 
 Moy, nine Irish miles from Swineford, 
 and seven miles from Ballina, near the 
 southern end of Lough Conn, at the 
 western extremity of the Lurgan Hills, 
 
FRA OF IRELAND. FRE 
 
 which reach from Lough Gill to Lough 
 Conn. It has an elegant parish church, 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, a Market- 
 House, a Military Barrack, and some 
 linen trade. The Moy is here ob- 
 structed by a fall of nine feet. Seve- 
 ral fairs are held, but it is a very in- 
 considerable town. Population in 
 1831, 1068. 
 
 FOYLE, a river which first assumes 
 that name at Strabane in the county 
 of Tyrone, where it forms the bound- 
 ary with the county of Donegal, and 
 consists of the Finn, Derg, Cammin, 
 Mourne,0 wenrea, and numerous other 
 mountain streams, which it conveys 
 to Lough Foyle. It is a large tidal 
 stream, and is navigable for vessels of 
 800 tons up to the city of Londonderry, 
 four miles below which it enters 
 Lough Foyle ; but it is naturally navi- 
 ■ gable nine miles above Londonderry 
 to St Johnstown, from which a navi- 
 gation was carried to the town of Stra- 
 bane, a distance of about four miles, 
 by the Marquis of Abercorn. At 
 Londonderry the Foyle has a noble 
 appearance, and varies from 300 yards 
 to half a mile in breadth. 
 
 FOYLE (LOUGH), a capacious bay 
 or inlet, which receives the Foyle on 
 the north coast of the county of Do- 
 negal, a lew miles west of the Giant’s 
 Causeway. It is only a mile in width 
 at the entrance, between Magilligan 
 Point on the east and Green Castle on 
 the west, but in the middle it is about 
 nine miles broad, and extends from 
 south-west to north-east near fifteen 
 miles. This inlet is much encumber- 
 ed with shoals, and the navigation in 
 consequence requires some attention. 
 In front of the entrance is a sand- 
 bank known as the Tuns, over which 
 the sea often rolls with great violence. 
 The deepest water is along the west 
 , side. In 1841 considerable embank- 
 i ments were in progress in Lough 
 Foyle. The w’ork was divided into 
 two sections, and the upper embank- 
 ment extended from the mouth of the 
 Faughan to Ballykelly. 
 
 FRANKFORD, a small town in the 
 j parish of Ballyboy, King’s County, 
 435 
 
 about ten Irish miles from Tullamore, 
 on the road to Birr, or Parsonstown. 
 It is situated on the stream called the 
 Silver River, which also passes the- 
 village of Ballyboy. It contains no 
 object of particular importance. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1112. 
 
 FRANKFORT, a demesne in the 
 county of Kilkenny, which gives the 
 title of Viscount Frankfort de Mont- 
 morency,^ the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the head of that Noble Family. Lodge 
 Evans Morres, Esq., descended from 
 Hervey de Monte Mariscoe, nephew 
 of Earl Strongbow, whom he accom- 
 panied in his expedition to Ireland, 
 was created Baron Frankfort of Gal- 
 moy in IsOO, and advanced to the dig- 
 nity of Viscount Frankfort de Mont- 
 morency in 1816. In that year his 
 Lordship obtained the royal permis- 
 sion to adopt the ancient family sur- 
 name of Montmorency only, his an- 
 cestor, the nephew of Strongbow, 
 having been descended from the Du- 
 cal House of Montmorency, and came 
 to England with William the Con- 
 queror. 
 
 FREDERICKSTOWN, a village in 
 the parish of Strabane, county of Ty- 
 rone, at which fairs are held on the 
 3d of Jauuary, March, June, and Oc- 
 tober. 
 
 FRENCH-PARK, a small town in 
 the Barony of Boyle, county of Ros- 
 common, which bears the name of the 
 proprietor of the demesne of French- 
 Park in the vicinity. It is situated 
 on flat ground, and has a mean ap- 
 pearance, but several good houses 
 have been erected, and as the roads 
 are greatly improved, and encourage- 
 ment is given to builders by Mr French, 
 the proprietor, the town is likely to 
 increase very considerably. Sili- 
 
 cious sandstone is found within a 
 quarter of a mile, and limestone even 
 in the streets. “ Whisky shops,” says 
 Mr Weld in 1830, “abound here, as 
 they do in other towns, to the degra- 
 dation of the people, and signs swing- 
 ing before houses pretending to be 
 inns, promise accommodation to the 
 traveller they are unable to affoid.” 
 
FRI 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 It is probable that the redoubtable 
 Father Mathew has favoured the in- 
 habitants of French-Park with a visit, 
 and made a clean sweep of their she- 
 beens. In an open space is the Roman 
 Catholic chapel ; fronting it are the 
 School-House, and Sessions’ House for 
 the meetings of the Magistrates, with 
 an office for the receiver of the rents 
 of the estate. A Market House is also 
 now erected, and fairs are held on the 
 21st of May, 12th of July, and 21st of 
 September. French-Park is also a 
 post-town. The roads from Elphin, 
 Boyle, Castlerea, and Ballaghaderreen 
 in Mayo, join at the town, and the 
 great road entering the county at 
 Tannonbarry, and crossing it to the 
 westward, passes through the place. 
 The demesne of French-Park is said 
 to contain 1458 English acres, and the 
 gently undulating grounds are pleas- 
 ingly ornamented with fine timber. 
 The mansion is in rather a low posi- 
 tion, and is a brick building in the old 
 massive style. The central compart- 
 ment, slightly advanced, is surmount- 
 ed by a pediment, and the entrance is 
 gained by a broad flight of steps. The 
 wings, somewhat detached, advance 
 beyond the line of the mansion, and 
 form almost a court in front, the 
 offices extending behind. 
 
 FRESHFORD, a large village in thd 
 Queen’s County, ten Irish miles from 
 Castlecomer on the road to Kilkenny, 
 which is nine Irish miles distant. It 
 is pleasantly situated in the fertile 
 tract extending from the Nore west- 
 ward to the Bog of Allen at Urling- 
 ford. The surrounding country is 
 fertile and picturesque, and adjoining 
 the village are the residences of Lodge 
 Park, Kilrush, and the extensively 
 wooded demesne of Upper Court. 
 Population in 1831, 2175. 
 
 FRIAR ISLE, an island off the coast 
 of Galway, on which are some monas- 
 tic old ruins, near Cleggan Bay. 
 
 FRIENDSTOWN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Upper Tal- 
 botstown, county of Wicklow, and 
 436 
 
 FYO 
 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, on the road to 
 Stratford- upon- Slaney, three miles 
 from Dunlavan. Population in 1831, ; 
 324. 
 
 FUERTY, a parish and vicarage in 1 
 the Barony of Athlone, county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 on the Suck river, at the village of 
 Fuerty. Fairs are held on the 16th 
 of May, 4th of August, and 21st of 
 November. In this parish is also the 
 village of Emla. Population in 1831, 
 5611. Post-town, Roscommon. 
 
 FUNCHEON (LOUGH), a lake in 
 the Barony of Athlone, county of Ros- 
 common, also called Ballagh, nearly 
 in the centre of the Barony, about 
 two miles in length, containing some 
 islands, and a large promontory occa- 
 sionally surrounded by water. East- 
 ward the lake is bounded by hills, but 
 all the other shores are flat and marshy, 
 totally divested of wood, and having a 
 bleak and uninviting appearance, as 
 is the surrounding district, only vari- 
 ed by the groves at the residence of 
 Lysterfield, about a mile from the 
 lake. Lough Funcheon receives two 
 small streams from the north-west, 
 and its surplus waters are supposed 
 to pass through subterraneous chan- 
 nels at its southern extremity. 
 
 FUNCHEON, a small river in the 
 county of Cork, noted for its excellent 
 salmon and trout, which enters the 
 Blackwater below Kilworth. At Mit- 
 chelstown it traverses the extensive 
 and beautiful demesne of the Earl of 
 Kingstown. 
 
 FURNAUCE, a small and little fre- 
 quented sheet of water in the wild and 
 romantic Glendahurk, in the county 
 of Mayo, two miles from the road be- 
 tween Newport and Molyrany, which 
 skirts the shores of Clew Bay. 
 
 FURNISH, or Furinish, an inhabit- 
 ed island, comprising about eighty 
 acres, off the coast of Galway, on the 
 south side of Casheen Bay. 
 
 FYOUGH (LOUGH), a small lake 
 in the same valley of Glendahurk, in 
 the vicinity of Lough Furnauce. 
 
GAL OF IRELAND. GAL 
 
 G. 
 
 GALBALLY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Coshlea, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly. The ancient village of Gal- 
 bally, near which are the residences 
 of Castle-Creagh, Riversdale, and 
 | Stagdale, is situated in the upper end 
 of the Gleriy as it is usually designated, 
 or more properly in the Vale of 
 Aherlo, which may be included with- 
 in the environs of the town of Tipper- 
 ary. The ruins of a monastery found- 
 ed by the O’Briens for Grey Friars, 
 and of other religious houses, still re- 
 main. Fairs are held in May and 
 October. Population in 1831, 5563. 
 Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 GALE, a parish and entire rectory 
 in the Barony of Middlethird, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 Population in 1831, 707. Post-town, 
 Cashel. 
 
 GALE, a stream which rises in the 
 county of Limerick, and flowing into 
 Kerry, enters the picturesque river 
 Feale, a few miles below Listowell, 
 and both join the Casliin, under which 
 name they enter the Atlantic. 
 
 GALEY, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Iraghticonnor, county 
 of Kerry, and Diocese of Ardfert and 
 Aghadoe, with a village of its name. 
 Population in 1831, 2920. Post-town, 
 Tralee. 
 
 GALGORM, a village in the parish 
 of Ahoghill, county of Antrim, on the 
 Maine river. About a mile west of 
 the village of Ahoghill is Galgorm 
 Castle, a seat of the Earl of Mount - 
 cashel. Post-town, Ballymena. 
 
 G ALLEN, or Galen, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Garrycastle, King’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Meath, on the Brosna river. 
 Here are some interesting ruins, and 
 a cemetery held in great veneration. 
 Population in 1831, 5021. Post-town, 
 Ferbaue. See Clochan. 
 
 437 
 
 GALLOON, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Dartry, 
 county of Monaghan, aud Diocese of 
 Cloglier, forming the corps of the 
 Chancellorship of the Diocese. 
 
 G ALLOW, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Upper Deece, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Population 
 in 1831, 640. Post-town, Kilcock. 
 
 GALTEES, a conspicuous and pic- 
 turesque range of mountains in the 
 Barony of Clanwilliam, county of Tip- 
 perary, and Barony of Coshlea, county 
 of Limerick. The Galtees extend 
 from the Seefin Mountain, near Charle- 
 ville, to the Suir river, occupying an 
 area of 25 miles in length by about 
 nine miles in breadth, and rise to up- 
 wards of 2400 feet. On the north lies 
 the celebrated Golden Valley, and to 
 the south extend the extensive estates 
 of the Earl of Kingstown. 
 
 GALT RIM, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Lower Deece, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Population in 
 1831, 716. Post-town, Trim. 
 
 GALWAY, a large maritime coun- 
 ty in the Province of Connaught, and 
 the second in point of superficial ex- 
 tent, is bounded on the north by the 
 county of Mayo ; on the north-east by 
 the county of Roscommon, from which 
 it is for the most part separated by 
 the river Suck ; on the east by por- 
 tions of Westmeath, the King’s Coun- 
 ty, and Tipperary; on the south by 
 Clare ; and on the w r est by the Atlan- 
 tic Ocean. The county is computed 
 to extend 164 English miles in length 
 from east to west, and 52 English 
 miles in breadth from north to south, 
 having a very irregular and singularly 
 indented coast of 400 miles. The 
 Shannon, from the debouch of the 
 Suck at Shannon Bridge to above 
 Scariff on Lough Derg, is a kind of 
 natural boundary. The area is given 
 in the Ordnance Survey as 2360 square 
 
GAL THE GAZETTEER GAL 
 
 miles in extent, or 1,510,592 acres, of 
 which 955,713 are cultivated, 476,957 
 are unimproved mountain and bog, 
 and 77,922 are under water, having the 
 greatest number and extent of lakes 
 of any county in Ireland. The county 
 is divided into 17 Baronies. The three 
 Baronies of Ross — nearly co-extensive 
 with the district called the Joyce 
 Country ; and Ballynahinch — nearly 
 co-extensive with Connemara, and 
 Moycullen, or the district of Iar-Con- 
 naught, are west of Loughs Corrib 
 and Mask. East of these lakes, bor- 
 dering on Mayo, are the Baronies of 
 Clare, Dumnore, and Tyaquin; the 
 Baronies of Ballymoe and Killian, 
 Kilconnell and Clonmacroon, extend 
 along the boundary with Roscommon. 
 On the Shannon are the Baronies of 
 Longford and Leitrim; and the dis- 
 trict stretching from the centre of the 
 | county to the head of Galway Bay, 
 and to the boundary with Clare, con- 
 tains the Baronies of Athenry, Lough- 
 j rea, Dunkellin, Kiltartan, and Kin- 
 i varra. The islands of Arran at the 
 mouth of Galway Bay constitute a 
 separate Barony and parish. 
 
 In Galway Bay are several islets, 
 the largest of which are Mutton Island 
 and Eddy Island. The south side of 
 the Bay is unfavourable to the con- 
 struction of harbours, and there is no 
 place of shelter except at Durus, op- 
 posite the town of Galway, and Kil- 
 laney in Arran. The north side of 
 the Bay contains some small creeks, 
 and the road is carried along the shore 
 from Galway to Cashleigh, from 
 which extends inland the district of 
 lar-Connaught, or the Barony of Moy- 
 cullen. North-westward from Scalp 
 Point, and round the entire coast of 
 lar-Connaught and Connemara, is a 
 succession of magnificent harbours 
 for vessels of the largest class, not 
 i excelled by any similar extent of coast 
 | in Europe. The first of these is 
 Cashleigh or Costello Bay, which re- 
 : ceives the fishing stream of its name ; 
 and here is a pier erected in 1822 for 
 merchant vessels and fishing craft, 
 but the harbour can admit large ships, 
 438 
 
 and is defended by a martello tower. 
 Next is Greatman’s Bay, and farther 
 west is Kilkerran Bay, separated by 
 narrow peninsulas, and protected by 
 several islands. Kilkerran Bay is 
 said to contain 100 miles of shore ; 
 a pier, 500 feet in length, was con- 
 structed in it in 1822. North-west of 
 this noble Bay, which can admit ves- 
 sels of the largest class, are several 
 creeks and inlets, but the shore is ut- 
 terly destitute of roads, the want of 
 which has rendered the pier in Kil- 
 kerran Bay of comparatively little 
 use. A peninsula ten miles in length 
 and seven in breadth, interspersed 
 with lakes, and without any roads, 
 occurs between Kilkerran Bay and 
 Birterbuy Bay. This latter Bay runs 
 inland upwards of five miles, and is 
 not a mile wide at the entrance, but 
 from two to three miles wide within, 
 having deep water and fine anchorage 
 ground. The next Bay is Round- 
 stone, separated from Birterbuy by a 
 narrow peninsula, and is a capacious 
 inlet, often mentioned as the termina- | 
 tion of the Great Western Railway of 
 Ireland. At the head of this Bay the 
 waters of Lough Ballynahinch are 
 discharged into the lakes, and at its 
 entrance is a large island. From 
 Roundstone Bay (see Rouxdstone) 
 to Slyne Head, the most western point 
 of the county, are several anchorages, 
 of which the largest is Benown Bay. 
 Numbers of islands, having navigable 
 sounds between them, lie off Slyne 
 Head, which were never even noticed 
 in maps, and only locally known till 
 Mr Nimmo made the survey of the 
 coast of Galway for the Commission- 
 ers of Irish Fisheries, and it may be 
 safely stated, that if these navigable 
 sounds had been known, numerous 
 shipwrecks might have been prevent- 
 ed. North from Slyne Head occur 
 several inlets, and Mannin and Clif- 
 den, or Ardbear Bays (see Clifden). 
 Farther north from Clifden is Achris 
 Point, or the Dog’s Head, north-east 
 of which is the excellent roadstead of 
 Cleggan, with a pier built in 1822, to 
 which a branch of the coast road is 
 
GAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ; GAL 
 
 ! extended. Between Cleggan Bay and 
 j Renvyle Point is Ballinakill Harbour, 
 I well sheltered by an island, and capa- 
 | ble of receiving the largest vessels. 
 East of Renvyle Point is an open bay, 
 from the head of which the two inlets 
 of the Great and Little Killeries run 
 eastward between steep mountains. 
 See Killery. 
 
 The fisheries along this great ex- 
 tent of coast yield a considerable an- 
 nual produce In 1836 about 85,000,000 
 of herrings were sold to resident 
 curers and country dealers in the 
 town of Galway, which, at 10s. the 
 long thousand, brought the fisher- 
 i men L.31,500. In the same year the 
 I number of hands employed was 8539 ; 
 
 | one decked vessel, 116 half decked, 
 i 479 open boats, and 1376 row boats, 
 j Cod, ling, whiting, turbot, mackerel, 
 bream, and all kinds of deep sea fish 
 abound, and the supplies of oysters, 
 lobsters, and crabs, are ample. But 
 valuable and productive as the fish- 
 eries along the coast of Galway are, 
 they could be rendered the sources 
 of inexhaustible profit by the intro- 
 duction of capital, the use of substan- 
 tial vessels and boats, and the con- 
 struction of good roads through the 
 inland wild districts of Iar- Connaught, 
 Connemara, and Joyce Country. In 
 particular, the sun-fish deep sea fish- 
 ery is peculiar to the coast of Galway. 
 The sun-fish, or basking shark, a 
 harmless species of shark, is so called 
 because about sunrise and sunset it 
 appears protruding its tail and back 
 fins from the water. Its average 
 bulk is 30 feet in length, and six tons 
 in weight, and it can only be killed by 
 a harpoon. At least five men are re- 
 quired to kill one of these fish, and the 
 oil yielded by the liver of one of ave- 
 rage size is worth about L.50 ; but 
 this fishery can only be advantageous- 
 ly carried on by decked vessels from 
 80 to 120 tons, with 80 or 100 tons of 
 cask well built, and capable of re- 
 maining at sea in ordinary weather. 
 The Galway fishermen have no such 
 , vessels, and this branch of industry 
 is almost entirely neglected. In 1799 
 439 
 
 
 
 from 40 to 50 boats were employed in 
 this fishery in Galway, but in 1823 the 
 number was reduced to six. The 
 spear or harpoon used for killing the 
 basking shark is a steel spear barbed, 
 grooved for almost half its length at 
 one side, and an iron handle turns on 
 a strong rivet through this side. At 
 the end of this handle is a socket for 
 the reception of a wooden pole, to 
 which a strong rope line is made fast, 
 and the spear is launched with the 
 handle closed upon the groove. The 
 fish when wounded swims away rapid- 
 ly and rows the boat after him, until, 
 being quite tired, he is killed, the 
 liver taken out, and the carcase thrown 
 adrift into the sea. According to Mr 
 Dutton, the herring- fishing is greatly 
 mismanaged, and there is always 
 something wrong or wanting. Dur- 
 ing the season all other fishing is al- 
 most abandoned, and 5000 are con- 
 sidered a tolerable night’s work. The 
 decline in the price of barilla has 
 diminisned the manufacture of kelp 
 on the shores, which was another 
 source of profit to the inhabitants, 
 but the use of sea-weed as a manure 
 will prove more beneficial. 
 
 The whole of Galway east of Lough 
 Corrib is generally flat, and though it 
 contains a due proportion of bog, it 
 is in good cultivation. The only ele- 
 vations are a part of the Slieveboughta 
 Mountains, running from Clare on the 
 south-east towards Loughrea, and the 
 Burrin range on the south-west. That 
 part of this district traversed by the 
 Suck is greatly encumbered with bogs, 
 as is also the side of the tract next the 
 Shannon. There, is however, much 
 improved land, especially in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Ahascragh and Ballinas- 
 loe. The richest part of the county 
 is the tract extending east of Galway 
 Bay; that east of Lough Corrib is 
 diversified with hill and dale, and is 
 considerably improved. The districts 
 west of Loughs Corrib and Mask are 
 elsew’here noticed (see Connemara 
 and Joyce Country). The rivers of 
 Galway are small, and are either feed- 
 ers of the Shannon and the Suck, or 
 
 I 
 
GAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 GAL 
 
 flow in short courses to the Atlantic. 
 The lakes are noble expanses of water 
 (see Loughs Corrib and Mask). Be- 
 fore 1813 the roads were wretched, 
 if, indeed, dangerous pathways over 
 rocks and bogs deserved the name of 
 roads, but since 1822 great improve- 
 ments in this important department 
 have been effected, and are constantly 
 in progress, under Government. The 
 climate is mild, and the cattle in the 
 wild districts are never under shelter, 
 but the summers are wet, and those 
 who reside on the coast experience 
 tremendous storms from the Atlantic. 
 The useful minerals are limestone ; 
 copper and lead at Oughterard, and 
 indications of these in the Binabola 
 group ; ironstone at Woodford, Gort, 
 and Lawrencetown ; manganese in 
 Slieve-an-orr, or Gold Mountain , in 
 the district of Gort; potter’s clay and 
 ochre in the country about Dunmore ; 
 and black and variegated marble near 
 the town of Galway. Marl abounds 
 in many places, particularly in and on 
 the banks of the Shannon, and in most 
 of the low grounds between Portum- 
 na, Marble Hill, and Eyreeourt. 
 
 As it respects agriculture, consider- 
 able quantities of fine wheat are pro- 
 duced in the Baronies of Athenry 
 and Dunkellin, and in the neighbour- 
 hood of Gort, Ardrahan, Kirvara, and 
 other places. Much more grain is 
 raised than a cursory view of the 
 county would indicate, and green 
 crops are now appreciated by some of 
 the resident proprietors. The dry 
 stone wall is the prevailing fence 
 throughout the county, with the ex- 
 ception of demesnes. Pasture occu- 
 pies by far the greater part of the 
 lands, particularly in the Baronies of 
 Ballynahincli, Ross, and Moycullen. 
 In these Baronies the breed of cattle 
 are middle-horned, but those in other 
 districts are almost entirely long- 
 horned. Connemara was long famous 
 for its breed of small hardy horses. 
 The improvement of sheep lias been 
 rapid, and myriads of pigs are reared. 
 
 The principal manufacture of Gal- 
 way is coarse linen, but knit woollen 
 410 
 
 stockings were at one time sold in 
 Connemara to the extent of L. 10,000 
 per annum. “ It is a curious circum- 
 stance,” says Mr Dutton, “ that in the 
 mountains of Connemara the sheep 
 are gradually sheared as the wool is 
 wanted ; and frequently you will see 
 one side only entirely shorn, another 
 sheep with one shoulder or a thigh 
 shorn. When a woman wants a lit- 
 tle wool to finish a stocking, she trips 
 away to the mountains, claps the 
 sheep’s head between her knees, and 
 shears just as much as she judges will 
 complete her work. The same sheep 
 is often shorn three times in the year. 
 As this operation is not confined to 
 the summer months, the shelter is 
 great, and the climate near the sea 
 mild, it is thought the animal suffers 
 little from this singular practice. This 
 frequent clipping has been assigned 
 as a reason for the superior texture 
 
 of Connemara stockings There is a 
 
 considerable quantity of feathers ex- 
 ported from the islands of Arran, and 
 the naked appearance of the poor 
 geese, plucked three times a-year, 
 shows how much they contribute to 
 the comfort of our weary bones.” 
 The other manufactures are white 
 friezes, blankets, flannels, coarse yarn 
 and linen for canvass bags, tobacco- 
 pipes, coarse pottery ware, felt and 
 straw hats and bonnets, black marble 
 chimney-pieces, and very extensive 
 flour-mills. The general condition 
 of the people of this county is some- 
 what better than those of many other 
 districts of Connaught, yet the habita- 
 tions of the lower ranks are often 
 wretched. The fuel, with few excep- 
 tions, is turf or peat. The manners 
 of the people west of Loughs Corrib 
 and Mask are remarkably primitive, 
 and some of the septs residing in the 
 mountainous tract north of Oughter- 
 ard and Binabola, or the Twelve Pins, 
 are noted for their great stature and 
 personal strength. The present 
 proprietors are for the most part of 
 English descent, but the great mass 
 of the population are the offspring of 
 the old Irish. The family of Joyce, 
 
GAL OF IRELAND. GAL 
 
 who still form the chief inhabitants of 
 the Barony of Ross, or Joyce Coun- 
 try, though Irish both in language 
 and manners, are said to be the de- 
 scendants of English adventurers who 
 settled there in the reign of Edward I. 
 
 The state of education in Galway 
 is elsewhere noticed (see Tuam). 
 The county is rich in antiquities, and 
 contains the old episcopal towns of 
 Clonfert, Kilmacduagh, and Tuam. 
 Cromlechs and stone circles abound ; 
 numerous ruined castles of the early 
 Anglo-Norman lords ; round towers ; 
 raths, or earthen fortresses of the 
 old Irish; and remains of religious 
 houses, of which the Abbey of Knock- 
 moy is the most interesting. 
 
 The county disbursements are levied 
 by Grand Jury Assessments, and may 
 average about L.44,000. The total 
 expense of the constabulary force 
 is probably about L. 25, 000 annually, 
 and that of the police force L. 27, 000, 
 of which one-half is defrayed by the 
 county. Galway returns two mem- 
 bers to the Imperial Parliament ; con- 
 stituency in 1840-1, 3074 ; population 
 in 1831, 381,564. 
 
 GALWAY BAY extends from 
 Black Head on the south, to Slyne 
 Head on the north, and abounds with 
 all kinds of fish. From the great 
 abundance of hakes, this Bay has been 
 called the Bay of Hakes. At the en- 
 trance of this capacious Bay are the 
 South Arran Islands, and, as the au- 
 thor of the Sportsman in Ireland 
 observes — “ There can be little doubt 
 that these islands once formed a long 
 neck of land at the mouth of the Bay, 
 and stretching to the coast of Clare. 
 The Atlantic atlastburst through, and 
 the remnants of the highest lands may 
 now be viewed as the three islands of 
 Arran. The remains of wood, which 
 are still to be seen, favour this no- 
 tion.” — “ The usual approach of the 
 herrings to the Bay of Galway,” says 
 Mr Dutton, in his Statistical Survey 
 of the County, published in 1824, “ is 
 known by various signs, such as the 
 appearance of vast numbers of those 
 fowl that feed on herrings, and their 
 441 
 
 making an unusual noise ; by a great 
 take of cod, hake, or black pollock, 
 which follow the herrings; by the 
 luminous appearance of the sea at 
 night ; and other signs known to the 
 fishermen. When the appearance of 
 the fish has been ascertained, the 
 Admiral of the fishermen dispatches 
 boats, to prevent any boats in the Bay 
 from going out without his permis- 
 sion. Any persons presuming to act 
 contrary to his orders are punished 
 with the loss of boats and nets, and 
 probably a sound drubbing. When 
 it is his pleasure an evening is ap- 
 pointed, and all the boats in the sur- 
 rounding Bay assemble at the Clad- 
 dagh, near Galway, or meet them on 
 the way, to the number of 500 or 
 upwards, and sail out together, pre- 
 serving a profound silence until they 
 arrive on the fishing ground, and a 
 charming sight it is. Upon a signal 
 given by the Admiral's boat, they all 
 at once drop their nets. As the 
 great scull of herrings divide shortly 
 after they enter the Bay, and fill every 
 creek and inlet, much time is lost by 
 this nonsensical and tyrannical parade, 
 for it is well known by the owners of 
 small boats in these creeks that many 
 days elapse before the Admiral sig- 
 nifies his high and mighty pleasure, 
 but they dare not fish. Government, 
 w ell aware of this abuse, has appoint- 
 ed an officer to prevent the ill effects 
 of such arbitrary nonsense, and they 
 can now, I believe, fish when it suits i 
 their purpose.” 
 
 GALWAY is an important towD, 
 130 English miles from Dublin, on 
 the land between the south end of 
 Lough Corrib and an inlet at the head 
 of the north side of the Bay of Gal- 
 way, which receives the surplus wa- 
 ters of that lake. The county of the 
 town of Galway was erected into a se- 
 parate jurisdiction by charter of James 
 I. in 1611, and with the exception of 
 the site of the County Jail and Court 
 House, comprises a tract of 23,000 
 acres, including the parish of St Ni- 
 cholas, and parts of the parishes of 
 Rahoon and Oranmore. The river 
 
gal the gazetteer gal 
 
 which discharges the waters of Lough 
 Corrib into the Bay divides this low- 
 lying tract into nearly two equal parts, 
 and the town is built on both sides 
 and on two islands in this river, but 
 the main town is situated on the east- 
 ern side. On the west side is the 
 fishing village of Claddagh, subse- 
 quently noticed, inhabited by as ori- 
 ginal and comical a community as can 
 be found in Ireland. 
 
 The appearance of Galway excites 
 the attention of all strangers, and 
 there are numerous indications of 
 its Spanish origin, especially in the 
 old part of the towm, where antique 
 residences are still to be seen, which 
 are generally square castellated build- 
 ings, with an interior court-yard and 
 arched gateway opening to the street, 
 in the Spanish taste. “ Galway,” 
 says Mr Inglis, “ the capital of the 
 Wild West, is a large and on many 
 accounts an extremely interesting 
 town. I found the wide entries and 
 broad stairs of Cadiz and Malaga ; the 
 arched gateways, with the outer and 
 inner railing, and the court within, 
 needing only the fountain and flower 
 vases to emulate Seville.” 
 
 The origin of Galway was proba- 
 bly a fortress erected on its site in 1 1 24 
 by one of the O’Flaherty s of Iar- Con- 
 naught, which was destroyed by Co- 
 nor, King of Munster, in 1132. This 
 castle was rebuilt, and a second time 
 destroyed by Furlough O’Brien, the 
 successor of Conor, in 1149. The 
 town had become a place of some 
 note at the time of the invasion of the 
 English, when it was put in a state of 
 defence by the O’Flahertys, from 
 whom it was taken by Richard de 
 Burgh in 1232 ; and in 1270 the walls 
 and fortifications were in progress of 
 erection. During that period Gal- 
 way became a considerable seat of fo- 
 reign merchandise, and the trade was 
 carried on by several families of settlers 
 whose descendants are still known as 
 the Tribes of Galway , a term of re- 
 proach first used by Cromwell’s sol- 
 diers against the inhabitants on ac- 
 count of their attachment to each 
 442 
 
 other in those excited times, but 
 which was afterwards adopted by 
 themselves as an honourable mark of 
 distinction. The walls erected to- 
 wards the sea were designed to pre- 
 vent any invasion from the western 
 parts of the Provinces of Connaught 
 and Munster, and the other defences 
 were intended to guard against incur- 
 sions from the interior in the direc- 
 tion of Lough Corrib. After the 
 erection of the fortifications the fo- 
 reign trade of Galway increased, and 
 a chief named Dermod More O’Brien, 
 who resided at Tromra in Clare, re- 
 ceived in 1277 twelve tuns of w ine an- 
 nually from the merchants, as a tri- 
 bute for protecting the harbour and 
 trade from all pirates and privateers, 
 by maintaining a suitable force for the 
 purpose. The power of the new set- 
 tlers was confirmed by their victory 
 at Athenry over the Irish, who had 
 risen in aid of Edward Bruce, at the 
 invasion of the Scots in 1315. The 
 tow'n in consequence continued to 
 prosper, notwithstanding the obstacles 
 caused by the revolt of the De Burghs 
 in 1333 against the English, to re- 
 venge the murder of their chief, Wil- 
 liam third Earl of Ulster, in the castle 
 of Carrickfergus. Previous to this, 
 in 1320, the Church of St Nicholas had 
 been founded, and the Abbey of St 
 Francis had been built and endowed 
 by Sir William Leigh de Burgh, in 
 which he w as interred that year. The 
 Church of St John, which belonged 
 to the Knights Templars, and stood 
 near the old chapel of St Nicholas, 
 was suppressed in 1324. The mur- 
 dered Earl of Ulster left an only 
 daughter to inherithis vast estates, and 
 dreading that all his possessions 
 would fall into the hands of a stranger 
 by marriage with the heiress, two 
 chiefs of the junior branch of the De 
 Burghs formed an alliance, declared 
 themselves independent, and seized 
 the property. The lady, however, 
 married Lionel Duke of Glouces- 
 ter, who in her right became Earl 
 of Ulster, and from her descended 
 Edward IV. of England. The Duke 
 
GAL OF IRELAND. GAL 
 
 laid claim to the town and the other 
 possessions of his wife, but though the 
 troubled state of the times rendered 
 his representations ineffectual, the 
 town soon returned to its allegiance. 
 
 In 1342 the west bridge was built 
 under the direction of Edmond Lynch 
 Fitz-Thomas, who was known by the 
 soubriquet of Emon-a - Tuane , on ac- 
 count of the quantity of foreign wines 
 he annually imported. The prosperity 
 of the town caused the inhabitants to 
 be involved in various fierce alterca- 
 tions with the citizens of Limerick, 
 arising from mercantile rivalry ; yet 
 the trade steadily increased, and se- 
 veral important charters w r ere grant- 
 ed, one of which was confirmed in 
 1402 by Henry IV. A mint was esta- 
 blished in the towm by letters patent 
 of Edward IV. in 1461, and not long 
 | afterwards it was ordered that Eng- 
 i lish money should advance a fourth 
 more in value in Ireland than in Eng- 
 land, which was the first time any 
 difference was made in the value of 
 money between the two countries. 
 In June 1473 the town was nearly 
 destroyed by fire, but this disaster 
 was soon repaired by the exertions of 
 the industrious and opulent inhabit- 
 ants. In 1484 Archbishop 0‘Murray 
 of Tuam erected the Church of St 
 Nicholas into a collegiate church, 
 without his jurisdiction, to be govern- 
 ed by a Warden and eight Vicars, 
 which was confirmed by Pope Inno- 
 cent VIII. About the same period 
 the inhabitants solicited Richard III. 
 for a new charter, requesting the 
 power of electing their own Mayor 
 and Bailiffs, and that no person should 
 be allowed to enter the town without 
 licence. This charter was granted to 
 the fullest extent in December 1484, 
 and the first election of the Mayor and 
 Bailiffs took place on the 1st of Au- 
 gust 1485. 
 
 In 1493 the Mayor of Galway was 
 James Lynch Fitzstephen, who built 
 the choir of St Nicholas* Church, and 
 put stained glass in the windows. This 
 gentleman’s name is celebrated for an 
 act of Roman justice seldom paral- 
 443 
 
 leled in the history of any country, 
 and still less in the annals of a pro- 
 vincial town. He actually hanged 
 his only son from his window for 
 murdering and defrauding strangers, 
 to show a good example to posterity. 
 The Story of the Mayor of Galway 
 has been often dressed up in a roman- 
 tic style; and Mr Hardiman, in his 
 “ History of the Town and County of 
 the Town of Galway,” published in 
 1820, has wrought this melancholy 
 transaction into a very interesting 
 tale, and to give the better effect in- 
 troduces a young lady as the cause of 
 the tragedy. He acknowledges, how- 
 ever, that “ most of the minor inci- 
 dents are the offspring of fancy,” and 
 that the narrative is taken from the 
 work entitled, “ George the Third,” 
 said to have been written by Edward 
 Mangin. There are many imitators 
 of this tale, and the author of the 
 Sportsman in Ireland could not re- 
 sist trying his powers of description 
 on the subject. The history of the 
 affair seems to be, that the Mayor of 
 Galway sent his only son to Spain for 
 commercial purposes, and returning 
 with Gomez, the son of his father’s 
 Spanish friend, and a valuable cargo, 
 young Fitzstephen conspired with 
 the crew, and murdered the young 
 stranger, threw the dead body over- 
 board, and converted the property to 
 their own use. When the vessel ar- 
 rived at Galway one of the party dis- 
 closed the horrid transaction to the 
 Mayor, who tried and condemned his 
 son to death, and appointed a day for 
 his execution. The greatest inter- 
 cession was made by the relatives, 
 and friends of the unhappy culprit, 
 and by the inhabitants of the town, in 
 consideration that he was an only son, 
 but the resolute father merely told 
 them to come to him on a certain day, 
 and he w r ould give them his deter- 
 mination. Early on the morning of 
 that day the son was discovered hang- 
 ing from one of the windows of his • 
 father’s house in Lombard Street — a 
 house which is now carefully pre- 
 served. Another versionis,tliat young 
 
GAL THE GAZETTEER GAL 
 
 Fitzstephen was sent to Spain in com- 
 mand of one of his father’s ships for a 
 cargo of wine — that he squandered 
 part of the money — that he availed 
 himself of his father’s credit to con- 
 ceal for a time the deficiency — that 
 the Spanish merchant, who supplied 
 him with the money, sent his own 
 son with young Fitzstephen to Gal 
 way, to receive the debt and establish 
 a farther correspondence — that he was 
 thrown overboard — and that the mur- 
 der was made known to the Mayor 
 by one of the crew on the day his son 
 was to have been married to the 
 beautiful daughter of a neighbour. 
 The truth of the whole story has been 
 doubted, but tradition stoutly main- 
 tains it, though another account 
 states that the affair happened in 1526, 
 when Stephen Lynch FitzJames was 
 Mayor. Be this as it may, in Lom- 
 bard Street, which leads from Cross 
 Street and Watergate Street to Ab- 
 beygate Street, from which diverge 
 Bridge Street, the Main-Guard, and 
 several lanes, is a house said to be 
 that of the stern Mayor. In a locality 
 known as Dead Man's Lane, now 
 taken into the churchyard, is the house 
 already alluded to, above a door in 
 the front of which is a flagstone of 
 black marble, with a carved skeleton 
 head and cross-bones, having the date 
 1624, and the inscription — Remember 
 deathe — Vanitie of vanitie, all is but 
 vanitie, and is supposed to have been 
 put up by some of the family to com- 
 memorate the transaction. The in- 
 scription, however, is too vague, and 
 may mean anything ; and it is rather 
 surprising that 131 years should have 
 elapsed before it was thought proper 
 to put up a memorial of this affair. 
 Archbishop King mentions a horrid 
 murder committed by a person in the 
 town, who killed his wife, son, and 
 nephew, in 1625, and this stone, though 
 there is a mistake in the date, may 
 allude to that tragedy. The author 
 of the Sportsman in Ireland, who 
 makes the Mayor act as executioner, 
 says — “ It was his last public act ; the 
 father was never again seen but by 
 444 
 
 j the members of his secluded family.” 
 This pathetic conclusion is contra- 
 dicted by the fact, that James Lynch 
 Fitzstephen was a second time Mayor 
 of Galway in 1510, and a third time 
 in 1515; and in the former year he 
 erected a chapel in what was called 
 the New Fort. 
 
 A t the end of the fifteenth century 
 several useful works were undertaken 
 by the Corporation to improve the 
 town. In 149S, during the Mayoralty 
 of Andrew Lynch Fitzstephen, a com- 
 munication was begun from Lough 
 Athalia to Poulavourline, which 
 would have opened an easy passage 
 from Lough Corrib to the sea. This 
 most desirable object was never com- 
 pleted, and the remains of it are still to 
 be seen, ironically designated Lynch's 
 Folly. In 1500 an accidental fire de- 
 stroyed a great part of the town, but 
 this disaster was soon repaired, and a 
 number of the present massive and 
 Spanish-looking houses were erected. 
 The town was seized in 1504 by Wil- 
 liam de Burgh and other chiefs then 
 in rebellion, but they were defeated 
 with great slaughter by Gerald Earl 
 of Kildare, Lord Deputy, at the hill of 
 Knock-tuadh, about seven miles north- 
 west of Galway, and the town surren- 
 dered. In 1505 some of the streets were 
 paved by Stephen Lynch Fitz-Domin- 
 ick, then Mayor, who erected a Poor 
 House or Hospital in the High Street, 
 and finished the Augustinian Monas- 
 tery on Fort Hill founded by his wife. 
 He also drew a deep fosse round the 
 walls on the east, into which a branch 
 of the river was turned, completely 
 insulating the town. For these use- j 
 ful works the Mayor was rewarded j 
 by the Corporation with a consider- ! 
 able portion of the adjacent ground. 
 In 1508 the Corporation enacted that j 
 every householder should clean his 
 or her door once a-week — that no 
 dunghills would be allowed on the 
 streets— -and that every man, woman, 
 or child, found prowling about the 
 streets or walls be fined twopence. On 
 the following year their Worships is- 
 sued an edict against pigs and goats. 
 
GAL 
 
 prohibiting them from being kept 
 longer in the town than fourteen days ! 
 In 1513 the religious house for poor 
 women, near the church of St Nicho- 
 las, which in 1 824 belonged to the nuns 
 of the Third Order of St Francis, was 
 built by Walter Lynch Fitz-Thomas 
 the Mayor. 
 
 Several curious notices occur in the 
 local annals of Galway in the earlier 
 part of the sixteenth century, which 
 1 strikingly illustrate the state of the 
 town and district. The Corporation 
 enacted, that no cattle were to be 
 purchased from persons in the coun- 
 try except they were true men — that 
 no boats were to be lent or sold to 
 the Irish — that no gunpowder and 
 military arms were to be given or sold 
 ; to them — that no O's nor Macs were 
 to be allowed to strut or swagger 
 through the streets — that no man was 
 to be free of the Corporation unless 
 i he spoke English, and shaved his upper 
 lip weekly — and that no freeman was 
 to leave the town without the Mayor’s 
 permission. They also took upon 
 them to regulate the wages of trades- 
 men, assigning to the Galway carpen- 
 ters and masons only twopence a day, 
 with meat and drink, and prohibit- 
 ing young men from wearing gaudy 
 clothes. 
 
 In 1537 Lord Grey, then Lord De- 
 puty, afterwards beheaded for mis- 
 conduct in the government of Ire- 
 land, arrived in Galway, to compel the 
 Irish to acknowledge the King’s su- 
 premacy. Several of the chiefs sub- 
 mitted, but Henry VIII. intimated to 
 the Lord Deputy that their oaths 
 were “ not worth one farthing, since 
 they did not give hostages.” On this 
 occasion the fortifications were re- 
 paired and mounted with guns, which 
 latter circumstance was one of the 
 articles of impeachment against Grey, 
 who brought the artillery in a small 
 vessel, and made the town pay L.34 
 for carriage. His Lordship also 
 thought proper to confiscate the uten- 
 sils and ornaments of St Nicholas’ 
 Church. About this time the Hos- 
 pital of St Bridget for the poor of the 
 445 
 
 GAL 
 
 town was founded in the east suburbs, 
 and each burgess was compelled in 
 turn to send a servant to collect alms 
 every Sunday for its support — a cus- 
 tom long afterwards observed. In 
 1538, John French, the Mayor, built 
 the north side of St Nicholas’ Church 
 from the north pinnacle to the chapel 
 of the Blessed Sacrament, and also a 
 chapel on the south side of St Fran- 
 cis’ Abbey. Lynch’s Aisle in St Ni- 
 cholas’ Church was built by Nicholas 
 Lynch Fitzstephen. 
 
 During this century Galway was 
 considerably affected by the excite- 
 ment of the Reformation and the 
 feuds of the surrounding chiefs, yet 
 the town increased in mercantile pro- 
 sperity till the middle of the seven- 
 teenth century. In 1630 the ground, 
 since called Meyrick Square, was in- 
 closed and planted for the recreation 
 of the citizens, and the streets were 
 considerably improved. The great 
 Earl of Strafford, Lord Deputy, visit- 
 ed Galway in 1634. His entrance was 
 splendid, and the inhabitants received 
 him in the most enthusiastic manner. 
 He resided in a house then occupied 
 by Sir Richard Blake, and when he 
 departed for Dublin he expressed his 
 satisfaction at the opulence and ap- 
 pearance of the town. When the re- 
 bellion broke out in 1641, the Earl of 
 Clanricarde, governor of the county, 
 occupied the town after some oppo- 
 sition for the King. The concourse 
 of persons who took refuge in the 
 town during the succeeding troubles 
 caused a fatal epidemic, which carried 
 off 3700 of the inhabitants between 
 April and July in 1649. At the final 
 success of the Parliamentarians in 
 1652, Galway submitted to Sir Charles 
 Coote after a blockade of some months. 
 The inhabitants soon suffered severely 
 from Cromwell’s soldiers under the 
 command of Colonel Stubbers, who 
 had been appointed military governor 
 of the town. This wretch, under 
 pretence of apprehending vagrants 
 and idle persons, seized upwards of a 
 thousand persons, many of whom he 
 took out of their beds at night, and 
 
 2 p 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
GAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 GAL 
 
 sold them for slaves to the West In- 
 dies. A contribution, at the rate of 
 L.400 monthly, was imposed on the 
 inhabitants after the surrender, which 
 was obliged to be paid at a certain 
 hour every Saturday by beat of drum 
 or sound of trumpet, under pain of 
 immediate death, so that, according 
 to an eye-witness, the return of Satur- 
 day seemed to the inhabitants to real- 
 ize the idea formed of the day of judg- 
 ment, the sounding of the trumpets 
 striking them with almost equal terror. 
 The Mayor and Aldermen, though 
 expressly protected by the articles of 
 surrender, were repeatedly abused 
 and dragged to prison for daring to 
 remonstrate with the licentious sol- 
 diery, who set no bounds to their 
 brutality and violence. 
 
 Galway was reduced to a most de- 
 plorable state by these and subse- 
 quent proceedings, but the Restora- 
 tion of Charles II. in some respects 
 altered the state of affairs, though the 
 inhabitants were ungratefully treated 
 for the miseries they endured from 
 Cromwell's soldiers. It appears that 
 the King intended a visit to the tow n, 
 and a large temporary residence was 
 constructed for his reception, which 
 occupied the ground from the corner 
 of Shop Street, opposite Lynch’s Cas- 
 tle, or the Four Corners, to the house 
 in which the meetings of the Amicable 
 Society were held. Charles never 
 found it convenient, however, to ac- 
 complish this expedition. The citi- 
 zens declared for James II. at the Re- 
 volution in 1688, and remained faith- 
 ful to his cause till the defeat of the 
 Irish forces at Aughrim, after which 
 General Ginckel marched to the town 
 with a force of 1400 men, and it was 
 surrendered on honourable terms on 
 the 26th of July 1691. In the follow- 
 ing century, although the town was 
 often in a very depressed state, and 
 its commercial importance had de- 
 clined, Galway was noted for attach- 
 ment to the constituted authorities, 
 and the inhabitants rendered some 
 important services during the Rebel- 
 lion of 1798. In one hour the mer- 
 446 
 
 chants collected 1500 guineas, which 
 they presented to General Hutchin- 
 son, who commanded in the town, 
 and it is said that without this supply 
 he could not have joined General 
 Lake to meet the French at Killala. 
 
 The principal public buildings of 
 Galway are the Borough Jail, erected 
 in 1810 on one of the three islands 
 formed by the river ; the County Jail 
 adjoining ; the County Court House, 
 an elegant edifice, having a portico of 
 four Doric columns ; and the Tholsel, 
 or Exchange, a respectable structure 
 built in 1641, the under part being an 
 extensive piazza. Opposite the Thol- 
 sel, in the middle of the only plot of 
 ground within the limits of the old 
 city walls, which have now disappear- 
 ed, is St Nicholas’ Church, founded 
 in 1320 — a splendid edifice in the 
 pointed Gothic style, of a cruciform 
 shape, 152 feet in length by 126 feet in 
 breadth, including the side aisles. 
 The tower rises from the intersection 
 of the circles, and the steeple was 
 added in 1683. The streets within 
 the limits of the old city walls are 
 very irregular, but those of the mo- 
 dern portion of the town, especially 
 in the direction of the County Court 
 House, are well built, uniform, and of 
 good breadth. A bridge is thrown 
 over the river from the Court House 
 to the County Jail, and farther dowm 
 the West Bridge connects the towm 
 with the west suburbs, consisting of 
 the Nuns’, Ballymana, and Madeira 
 Islands, the lands of Boherbradagh, 
 and the fishing village of the Clad- 
 dagh. The Linen Hall and the Char- 
 ter School are on the west side of 
 Nuns’ Island. The County Infirmary 
 is beyond the east suburbs, at Bo- 
 hermore, a short distance from Mey- 
 rick Square and the Corn and Potatoe 
 Market. 
 
 The collegiate church of St Ni- 
 cholas, already mentioned, is connect- 
 ed with the ecclesiastical body called 
 the Royal College of Galway, consist- 
 ing of a Warden and eight Vicars 
 Choral, who are elected and presented 
 solely by the Corporation; but by the 
 
GAL 
 
 OF IRELAND, 
 
 GAL 
 
 act of 11th Geo. IV. the patronage is 
 confined to the Protestant members 
 of that body. The Wardenship of 
 Galway extends over the parishes of 
 St Nicholas, Oranmore, Clare-Galway, 
 Moycullen,Kilcommon, Ballinacourty, 
 and Shruel. This ecclesiastical insti- 
 tution originated in the desire of the 
 inhabitants to free themselves from 
 the diocesan jurisdiction of the Arch- 
 bishop of Tuam, and it is previously 
 stated that it was carried into effect 
 by a release executed in 1484 by Arch- 
 bishop Donat O’Murray, which was 
 confirmed by Pope Innocent IV. Be- 
 fore the Reformation the Warden and 
 Vicars were elected under the Bull of 
 Pope Innocent, and after that period 
 under the charter of Edward VI. by 
 the Corporation. The principal en- 
 I trance to St Nicholas’ Church is in 
 the west front; a small elegantly 
 arched door leads into the North or 
 French’s Aisle, a portion of which, 
 and of the adjoining transept, is occu- 
 pied by the organ gallery, nearly 
 parallel with the pulpit, and the South 
 Porch, curiously groined, entering 
 into Lynch’s Aisle, built by James 
 Lynch Fitzstephen, the Mayor who 
 doomed his only son to death for 
 murder. In French’s Aisle are a few 
 handsome monuments, and in the south 
 transept is Joyce’s marble altar, plac- 
 ed in an arched recess. In Lynch’s 
 Aisle is a window of splendid work- 
 manship, and the polished marble al- 
 tar is one of the principal ornaments. 
 Here are numbers of sculptured tombs 
 and monuments of branches of the 
 ancient family of Lynch and others. 
 Near the opening is the plain grave- 
 stone of Elisha Cole, a native of 
 Northamptonshire, at first usher of 
 : Merchant Taylors’ School, and after, 
 wards master of Erasmus Smith’s 
 Free School in Galway, who died in 
 1680, author of several useful books in 
 his day, among which was his English 
 and Latin Dictionary. The prin- 
 cipal monuments, however, are in the 
 Choir, and those commemorating the 
 Eyre family are most conspicuous. 
 There are spacious vaults in various 
 447 
 
 parts of the church, but they are sel- 
 dom opened, having been abandoned 
 after the Reformation by the Roman 
 Catholic families, who resorted to the 
 Franciscan Abbey, where their monu- 
 ments are very extensive. The ceme- 
 tery round St Nicholas’s Church is 
 extensive, but it is said that none ex- 
 cept members of the Established 
 Church are interred in it even at the 
 present day. The College House, or 
 former residence of the Warden and 
 Vicars, is a large edifice within 50 
 feet west of the church, and is now 
 inhabited by several families. It has 
 a subterraneous passage to the high 
 altar, w hich has long been closed. 
 
 The Roman Catholic Warden of 
 Galway is connected with the colle- 
 giate chapel of St Nicholas. He is 
 vested with episcopal authority, and 
 exercises jurisdiction over an exten- 
 sive district, but subject to the trien- 
 nial visitation of the Roman Catholic 
 Archbishop of Tuam, who must gene- 
 rally finish his official duties within a 
 limited time. The Franciscan Friary, 
 founded by Sir William de Burgh in 
 1296, was without the north gate of 
 the town, on the site of the present 
 edifice, the chapel of which, though 
 externally plain, is within elegant and 
 commodious, and can contain at least 
 2000 persons, having an altar-piece 
 and some side paintings. The friars 
 reside in a large tenement contigu- 
 ous to the chapel. The Dominican 
 Friary is on an elevated spot near 
 the shore in the west suburbs of the 
 
 towm, occupying the site of the an- 
 cient convent of St Mary of the Hill, 
 and the present neat chapel, the inte- 
 rior of which is elegantly ornamented, 
 was erected in 1800. The Augus- 
 tinian Friary, founded in 1508, for- 
 merly stood on an eminence near the 
 beach in the south suburbs of the 
 
 town, but every vestige of it has dis- 
 appeared, and about the middle of the 
 eighteenth century the Friars remov- 
 ed to a commodious house in Middle 
 Street, where they erected the present 
 handsome chapel. A large burying - 
 ground is connected with tills Friary. 
 
. r 
 
 GAL THE GAZETTEER &AL 
 
 In the town are the Franciscan Nun- 
 nery, or Convent of St Clare, the 
 Dominican Nunnery, the Augustinian 
 Nunnery, and two Presentation Con- 
 vents. Chapels are attached to these 
 Nunneries, in which are fine paintings, 
 and other decorations. The Presby- 
 terians and Methodists have each a 
 small meeting-house. 
 
 There are several schools in Gal- 
 way, the principal of which, Erasmus 
 Smith’s Free School, is one of the ori- 
 ginal free grammar schools endowed 
 by the founder, and sanctioned by 
 charter of Charles II. in 1666. The 
 present edifice is elegant and spacious, 
 on an elevated site east of the town, 
 commanding a fine view of the Bay. 
 Some of the schools are assisted by 
 the National Board of Education, and a 
 large one is superintended by the Nuns 
 of the Presentation Convent. The 
 Charitable Institutions are the Coun- 
 ty Infirmary, the Fever Hospital, 
 the Lunatic Asylum, Female Orphan 
 Asylum, the Workhouse, and the 
 Charity School under the patronage 
 of the Roman Catholic Warden and 
 Vicars. In 1841 four newspapers 
 were published weekly in the town. 
 Of these the Connaught Journal, the 
 first newspaper printed in the Pro- 
 vince, was published on the 8th of 
 October 1754 at Galway, and it states 
 that “ this paper is the first attempt 
 of the kind in this part of Ireland.” 
 The Theatre is small, but well ar- 
 ranged in the interior. The Assem- 
 bly Room is in Middle Street. There 
 are Subscription News Rooms, and a 
 Library, but it is singular that a 
 town of such importance as Galway 
 had no regular bookseller’s shop in 
 1834. The Amicable Literary Society 
 was formed in 1791, and the Mercan- 
 tile Coffee-Room in 1792. 
 
 The Old Bridge, called the West 
 Bridge, was built in 1342, and was 
 thoroughly repaired at the beginning 
 of the present century ; the other 
 bridge leading from the County 
 Court House to the Jail was built in 
 1819, and is an elegant structure. 
 The Castle, or Upper Citadel Bar- 
 448 
 
 rack, near William’s Gate, was erect- 
 ed in 1734, and the Shamble and 
 Lombard Street Barracks in 1749. 
 In 1798 the old Charter-House was 
 converted into an Artillery Barrack, 
 but it is now a convent. 
 
 The port and harbour are under 
 the control of Commissioners consti- 
 tuted under the act 1 and 2 William 
 IV. In 1838 the harbour dues were 
 let for L.1260, and on security of this 
 revenue the Commissioners borrow- 
 ed L. 17, 000 from the Board of Pub- 
 lic Works for various improvements, 
 especially in the construction of the 
 Docks, which occupy about nine 
 acres, and contain water for vessels 
 of 500 tons. These docks are on 
 the south side of the town, in a creek 
 of the Bay which forms a natural 
 harbour. The land which separates 
 them from the river is quayed for 
 1300 feet, and terminates in a return 
 pier. On the river side of the town 
 are two small docks, which were the 
 quays of the merchants in former 
 times, and an open space adjoining is 
 called Spanish Place. The Custom- 
 House was erected in 1807, and is a 
 small plain building. A very consi- 
 derable export trade is carried on in 
 flour, oats, and wheat. There are 
 numbers of large flour, oat, malt, and 
 fulling mills ; breweries, distilleries, an 
 extensive paper-mill, and a bleach- 
 mill and green, on Nuns’ Island. Be- 
 sides flour, the exports are marble, 
 wool, and provisions ; the imports 
 are timber, iron, slates, coal, hemp, 
 tallow, salt, wine, and groceries. 
 From September 1833 to July 1834 
 the exports of grain were — wheat, 6018 
 tons, chiefly to Liverpool; oats, 7212 
 tons, chiefly to London ; flour, 1554 
 tons; barley, 406 tons; oatmeal, 50 
 tons. In 1835 the number of register- 
 ed vessels belonging to the port was 
 only ten ; tonnage, 649 ; but the ship- 
 ping has since considerably increased. 
 In that year the vessels inward were 
 135 ; tonnage, 12,915; vessels outward, 
 145; tonnage, 15,53! ; and the custom 
 duties of the district had increased 
 from L.27,755 in 1834 to L.31,133; the 
 
GAL 
 
 GAL OF IRELAND. 
 
 excise duties for the district amount- 
 ed to L. 50, 154 ; value of the exports 
 in 1835, L.251,864 ; of the imports, 
 L. 88, 268. In the town are branches 
 of the Provincial Bank of Ireland, of 
 the Bank of Ireland, and of the Na- 
 tional Bank of Ireland. There is also 
 a Chamber of Commerce , composed of 
 the respectable merchants and trad- 
 ers. 
 
 Some attention is now paid to the 
 pavement of the streets, which were 
 long shamefully neglected, and were 
 at night unprotected by any police. 
 The town is now lighted with gas. 
 The expenses of the county of the 
 town are defrayed by Grand Jury 
 Assessments, which in 1840 probably 
 averaged L.6000. Quarter-Sessions 
 for the borough are held four times a- 
 year, and petty sessions every week. 
 By the Municipal Bill the town is di- 
 vided into the West, South, and 
 North Wards, each Ward to return 
 two Aldermen and six Councillors ; 
 the style of the Corporation is, the 
 Mayor, Sheriffs, Free Burgesses, and 
 Commonalty of the County of the 
 Town of Galway ; and the other offi- 
 cers are the Recorder and Town- 
 Clerk. The Mayor is ex officio Admi- 
 ral of the coast of Galway Bay as far 
 as the Islands of Arran. The cor- 
 porated authorities have exclusive 
 criminal jurisdiction within the town, 
 and civil jurisdiction to any amount 
 for debts contracted within the same 
 limits. Galway is a parliamentary bo- 
 rough, returning two members ; con- 
 stituency in 1840-1, 2084; population 
 in 1831, 33,120. It gives the title of 
 Viscount, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the Noble Family of Monckton- 
 Arundell, descended from the Monck- 
 tons of Monckton in the county of 
 York. John Monckton, Esq., was 
 created Baron Killard and Viscount 
 Galway in 1727. Among the distin- 
 guished natives of Galway may be 
 noticed Sir George Leonard Staun- 
 ton, Bart., who accompanied the Earl 
 of Macartney as Secretary of Lega- 
 tion in the well known embassy to 
 China, of which he published an ac- 
 449 
 
 count, and died in 1801 ; and the cele- 
 brated preacher Walter Blake Kirwan, 
 Dean of Killala, originally a Roman Ca- 
 tholic priest, and nephew of Dr An- 
 thony Blake, titular Primate of Ire- 
 land. This distinguished pulpit ora- 
 tor, on whom an eloquent and justly 
 merited eulogium was pronounced 
 by Grattan in the Irish Parliament 
 in 1792, conformed to the Established 
 Church in 1787. His brother, who 
 was a Roman Catholic priest in the 
 town of Galway, is said to have died 
 of grief from this circumstance, but 
 the old Archbishop his uncle took it 
 more philosophically. Richard Kir- 
 wan, Esq., distinguished for his talents 
 and scientific discoveries, was born 
 near Galw ay in 1734; and Park, also 
 near the town, was the birth-place of 
 the learned Irish antiquary O'Flaher- 
 ty about 1630, who is buried in a field 
 in the vicinity. 
 
 Off the town, in Galway Bay, are 
 Mutton Island and Hare Island, on 
 the former of which is a Light- Hou^e 
 and some other erections. The 
 Light-House, which is 45 feet high, 
 was built in 1815, on the site of an old 
 Franciscan Abbey, and is of great 
 use to vessels entering the Bay, and 
 especially fishing-boats. Mutton Is- 
 land is not within the county of the 
 town. But it is impossible to leave 
 the “ Metropolis of Connaught,” as 
 Galway is often designated, without 
 noticing its suburb of the Claddagh , 
 which means the sea-shore, or a dirty 
 place , according to Mr Dutton, and 
 was literally so until 1803, when Cap- 
 tain Hurdis, R.N., then stationed on 
 the coast, persuaded the fishermen, 
 by whom it is exclusively occupied, to 
 set apart some of their earnings to 
 pave and clean the streets, and the 
 Claddagh is now in this respect not 
 inferior to many parts of the town. 
 “ It is irregularly built,” says the 
 SroRTSMAN in Ireland, in 1839, “ and 
 intersected by several narrow lanes. 
 It has, like every part of this curious 
 town, strong characteristics of anti- 
 quity, and by some is assumed to have 
 been the original site of the earliest set- 
 
GAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 GAL 
 
 tiers’ first habitations. It constitutes 
 a perfect colony, and has time imme- 
 morial been ruled by one of their own 
 body, periodically elected, who is 
 dignified with the title of Mayor, and, 
 though a ragged representative of 
 the municipal power, satisfactorily 
 settles all disputes, and propounds 
 laws by which the whole population 
 are governed. To him are all dis- 
 putes referred, civil as well as crimi- 
 [ nal, and by him are they generally de- 
 I cided without any apparent disobe- 
 1 dience to his decree. It appears 
 j they still remain exempt from all Go- 
 vernment taxes, have no party feeling, 
 and never interfere in politics. In 
 short, so perfect a specimen of the 
 imperium in imperio will no where 
 else be found. The forms of mar- 
 riage among these singular people are 
 worthy of notice. They have no con- 
 nection with the town’s people, to 
 whom they appear to entertain a de- 
 cided dislike, and their own marriages 
 generally take place at a very early 
 age, fifteen being the usual age re- 
 cognised for the man. Having made 
 his choice, the young couple elope, 
 and having been two or three days 
 absent, return, are pardoned, as- 
 signed a dwelling, and commence as 
 independent members of the com- 
 munity. The fortune of the wife is 
 the share in a boat. The dress of 
 the females, as among those of the in- 
 habitants of Galway and Connemara, 
 still retains the characteristic of their 
 Spanish origin — the blue mantle and 
 red body gown, petticoat of the same 
 colour, and a blue or red cotton 
 handkerchief bound round the head. 
 Sometimes the gaudy ribbon may be 
 observed, but the regulation among 
 the Claddagh people is strict, that 
 | none shall be allowed the use of this 
 ; ornament who cannot speak English, 
 j There is no difficulty in selecting the 
 ) lady one would address, although I 
 I should by no means advise any brother 
 j sportsman to cultivate any particular 
 i admiration of the Claddagh damsels ; 
 the consequences might be more di- 
 rect than those of damages in an ac- 
 450 
 
 tion duly recovered. The respect 
 shown to the departed friend is ma- 
 nifested in an especial manner by ad- 
 journment to the whisky shop, and 
 the measure of grief is ordinarily es- 
 tablished by that of the inspiring 
 liquor served out to the survivors. 
 The lamentations continue the whole 
 of the night, which is consumed in 
 carousal with the party attending the 
 funeral. — In the summer of 1832 the 
 Claddagh was more than any other 
 spot in Ireland the resting place of 
 the destructive and horrific cholera. 
 — The Claddagh men look upon the 
 Bay of Galway as their inheritance, 
 one which they have defended with a 
 courage which speaks better for their 
 determination and spirit than for their 
 knowledge of law. — They are a noble 
 race of independent fellows, innocent 
 in their lives, and determined in cha- 
 racter. Of their honesty generally 
 there can be no suspicion, and if they 
 do not possess the polish of citizens, 
 they at least are not deficient in the 
 sterner virtues.” 
 
 The people of the Claddagh of Gal- 
 way will not permit strangers to set- 
 tle or reside among them. Such in- 
 terlopers are designated transplanters, 
 and are held in great contempt ; but 
 in reality they are never troubled on 
 that score. St Patrick’s night is 
 usually set apart for weddings, and 
 the months in which the young couples 
 elope are those of May and September. 
 The fish is carried to market by the 
 women, who pay for every thing, and 
 have the complete control of the 
 purse. They have a patron saint, to 
 whom they pray on all occasions of 
 distress or perplexity. They are said 
 to drink amazing quantities of whisky, 
 and the women enjoy a due share of 
 these libations. They speak a harsh 
 dialect of the Irish language, scarcely 
 intelligible even to their town neigh- 
 bours, and are in a state of deplorable 
 ignorance, having a decided aversion 
 to schools or instruction. In 1836 
 their open sailing boats amounted to 
 105, employing 500 men, and they had 
 80 row boats, employing 320 men 
 
GAR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 GAR 
 
 The population was then estimated at 
 about 6000. 
 
 GALWAY, a stream which falls 
 into the Upper Lake of Killarney at 
 Derricunihy. Midway between Ken- 
 mare and Killarney, in the centre of 
 this stream, is an ancient Rocking 
 Stone, weighing between eight and 
 ten tons, and put in motion on the 
 application of the slightest force. In 
 the vicinity the road is cut through 
 a mass of rock forming a short tunnel 
 15 paces in length, seven in breadth, 
 and of considerable height. Crou- 
 magloun, or the Curve or Bend of the 
 Mountain , lies betwen the Turk and 
 Derricunihy Mountains, and the Gal- 
 way, which is a considerable stream, 
 rolls in the centre, over a steep chan- 
 nel impeded by rocks, and forming a 
 series of picturesque waterfalls. See 
 Killarney. 
 
 GAR A (LOUGH), a lake surrounded 
 by dreary bogs, on the borders of the 
 counties of Roscommon, Mayo, and 
 Sligo, not far from the town of Boyle. 
 It is about six miles in length by 
 three miles in breadth in some places, 
 and covers about 4736 English acres. 
 Lough Key receives its surplus wa- 
 ters. The streams Breeogue and Lung 
 enter Lough Gara. The former has 
 three principal sources, one near Be- 
 lanagar, a second near Clonshanville, 
 the third is Lough Bally, and the 
 course is only ten miles. At Balia 
 Bridge is a fall of 2£ feet in 100 perches, 
 but when the lake rises this fall dis- 
 appears, and the backwater occasions 
 floods for six miles upwards from the 
 mouth. The only mode of remedying 
 the mischief occasioned by such floods 
 is by lowering Lough Gara. The Lung 
 has a variety of sources, and one of 
 its principal tributary streams issues 
 from Lough Errit, which discharges 
 its water into Lough Orler in Mayo, 
 and returns it back into the county of 
 Roscommon through Lough Cloon- 
 agh. The Lung is a dull and slug- 
 gish stream, and is said to be affected 
 much more than the Breeogue by the j 
 rising of the lake. The Mill of Lung, 
 upwards of three miles above its de- 
 451 
 
 bouch, is frequently stopped by the 
 backwater, and a considerable extent 
 of the low grounds inundated. The 
 eastern side of Lough Gara is indent- 
 ed by numerous deep and narrow 
 bays, between which are correspond- 
 ing long promontories, composed of 
 limestone ridges, of no great eleva- 
 tion, and if well wooded the scenery 
 would be beautiful. Some of the 
 sides of these ridges are cultivated, 
 and some plantations have been form- 
 ed, yet the shores of this lake are 
 generally tame. On the northern or 
 Sligo side the Curlew Hills rise to a 
 considerable height. The lake dis- 
 charges itself by the Gara or Boyle 
 Water, which has a very rapid course 
 towards the town of Boyle in its pro- 
 gress to Lough Key, from which it 
 issues under the name of the Boyle. 
 
 GARADICE (LOUGH), a lake in 
 the county of Leitrim. It receives 
 the Dale, which passes through it to 
 Lough Erne, and between the moun- 
 tains of Bencroy and Lugnacuillagh, 
 respectively 1707 and 1494 feet high, 
 the Yellow River descends into it by 
 a broad and precipitous channel. On 
 the banks of this lake is the demesne 
 of Garadice. 
 
 GARDENHILL, a parochial cha- 
 pelry in the Barony of Glenawly, 
 county of Fermanagh, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. 
 
 GARE. See Ballingarry. 
 
 GARFINAGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Corkaguiney, 
 county of Kerry, and united Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Population 
 in 1831, 938. Post-town, Dingle. 
 
 GAROGUE, a stream which issues 
 from the beautiful Lough Gill iu the 
 county of Sligo, and enters Sligo Bay 
 at the town of Sligo. 
 
 GAROMNA, an island off the coast 
 of Galw r ay, inhabited by fishermen, 
 forming the south entrance of Kil- 
 kerran Bay. It is of considerable 
 extent, and has two Roman Catholic 
 chapels. 
 
 1 GARRANEKENEFICK, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Imokil- 
 ly, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 
GAR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER GAR 
 
 Cloyne, on Cork Harbour. It con- 
 tains the villages of Saleen and Ratli- 
 courcy. Population in 1831, 1033. 
 
 G A RRISSON, a small village in the 
 parish of Ennismacsaint, county of 
 Fermanagh, about five miles from 
 Belleek, on the cross-road to Manor- 
 Hamilton. This village is roman tic- 
 I ally situated in a mountainous dis- 
 ; trict at the head of Lough Melvin, 
 where the Roogagh river is discharged 
 into that extensive lake. The ad- 
 I jacent country is dreary and uncul- 
 tivated. Coal abounds in the vicinity, 
 but in 1841 no effort had been made 
 to raise this valuable mineral. Fairs 
 are held on the 21st of May, 30th of 
 June, 19th of July, 19th of October, 
 and 21st of December. 
 
 GARRISTOWN, a parish and vi- 
 j carage in the Barony of Balrothery, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 with a village of its name, in the cen- 
 tre of an extensive bog and common, 
 traversed by the Garristown stream. 
 Population in 1831, 2081. Post-town, 
 Balbriggan. 
 
 GARROMEN (LOUGH), a lake in 
 the Connemara district, county of 
 Galway, on the route from Oughter- 
 j ard to Clifden, to the right of which 
 is the Vale of Ina, which sweeps along 
 the eastern base of the Binabola group, 
 or the Twelve Pins. See Connemara. 
 
 GARRON-GIBBON, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Slieve- 
 hardagh, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel, in the Union of 
 Grange-Mockler. Post-town, Carrick- 
 on-Suir. 
 
 GARRON POINT, a conspicuous 
 promontory near the village of Glen- 
 arra, county of Antrim. Near it is a 
 Coast Guard Station, and here is also 
 the rock of Dunmaul. The mineral 
 formation of the cliffs is worth the 
 attention of the tourist in this quarter, 
 and from the high promontory a mag- 
 nificent view is obtained. Garron 
 Point is on the romantic route from 
 Glenarm to the neat and picturesque 
 villages of Cusheudalland Cusliendun. 
 
 GARRYCLOYNE, or Blarney. 
 See Blarney. 
 
 452 
 
 GARRYNOE, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Carbery, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, on the 
 Bandon river. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 GARRYNOE, or Garrynow, a vil- 
 lage in the parish of St Peter and St 
 Paul, county of Limerick, in the Li- 
 berties of Kilmallock. See Kilmal- 
 lock. 
 
 GARRY VOE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Imokilly, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on 
 the coast. Population in 1831, 813. 
 Post-town, Castle-Martyr. 
 
 GARTAN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kilina- 
 crenan, county of Donegal, and Dio- 
 cese of Raphoe, noted as being the 
 alleged birth-place of the celebrated 
 St Columb, the disciple of St Finian 
 of Clonard. A part of the old mo- 
 nastery is now the parish church. 
 Lough Gartan is a romantic lake about 
 two miles in length, in one of the 
 numerous glens which diversify the 
 surface of this quarter, and is bounded 
 on the north by a range of hills of 
 considerable height. On the shore is 
 a beautifully situated demesne. The 
 Gartan stream issues from it, and 
 enters the Leanan a few miles below 
 the bridge. The glebe-house occu- 
 pies a neck of land between Lough 
 Gartan and another small lake called 
 Lough Akibbon. Population in 1831, 
 2109. Post-town, Letterkenny. 
 
 GARVAGH, a neat little town in 
 the parish of Errigall, county of Lon- 
 donderry, on the Aghivey river, which 
 is crossed by two stone bridges, and 
 enters the Bann about five miles be- 
 low. This town is nine miles from 
 Maghera on the road to Coleraine, 
 and contains the parish church, Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel, a Presbyterian 
 meeting-house, and several schools. 
 The vicinity is ornamented by the de- 
 mesne of Lord Garvagh, who is con- 
 stantly improving the place. Adjoin- 
 ing this demesne is the vale of Glen- 
 ullen ; and on the north side of the 
 town are several villas. George Can- 
 ning, Esq., descended from an English 
 gentleman of the same name, who ob- 
 
OAU 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 GEA 
 
 tained a grant of the manor in the 
 early part of the seventeenth century, 
 was created Baron Garvagh, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, in 1818. This 
 nobleman, who was succeeded by his 
 son Charles, second Lord, in 1840, 
 was the grandson of Stratford Can- 
 ning, Esq., of Garvagh, whose eldest 
 son, George, entered of the Middle 
 Temple, having incurred the dis- 
 pleasure of his father, and the pe- 
 nalty of disinheritance, on account of 
 his marriage, died in 1771, leaving an 
 only child then an infant, who after- 
 wards was the distinguished states- 
 man and Prime Minister of Great 
 Britain — the Right Hon. George Can- 
 ning. This great man died a few 
 months after his elevation in 1827, 
 having previously filled some of the 
 higher offices of the Government, be- 
 fore he became First Lord of the Trea- 
 sury. The visitor of the little town 
 of Garvagh cannot fail to take an in- 
 terest in the paternal demesne of one 
 of the prominent public men and 
 most eloquent Parliamentary orators 
 of his day. Mr Canning's uncle, Strat- 
 ford Canning, Esq., the third son, was 
 the father of the Right Hon. Sir Strat- 
 ford Canning, G. C. B., in 1841 M. P. 
 for Lyme Regis, and other children. 
 Fairs are held at Garvagh on the 
 first Friday in January, the last Fri- 
 day in February, 23d of May, 19th of 
 June, 20th of July, 21st of August, 
 and 5th of November. 
 
 GARVAGH Y, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Iveagh, county 
 of Down, and Diocese of Dromore. 
 Population in 1831, 5036. Post-towTi, 
 Dromore. 
 
 GARYTOGUE, a stream in the 
 county of Sligo, which issues from 
 Lough Gill, runs through the town 
 ! of Sligo, and enters the Bay. A dam 
 is thrown across the outlet for the 
 use of the large flour-mills, and gives 
 it the appearance of a deep and broad 
 river. 
 
 GAULSKILL, or Kiltolegax, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Ida, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. In the churchyard is an 
 453 
 
 ancient monument of the family of 
 De Burgh, formerly the proprietors 
 of the demesne of Gaulstown. This 
 seat passed to the Earls of Belvidere, 
 and now belongs to Lord Kilmaine. 
 
 “ Gaulstowm,” says the author of a 
 Tour ix Cora aught, “ is, without any 
 grand feature, as pretty as good land, 
 a good house, and fine trees can make 
 it ; yet, when considered as the prison 
 of a lovely woman — as the lock-up- 
 house of a man who was instigated by 
 more than Spanish jealousy, and lived 
 and died under the influence of more 
 than Spanish revenge, I could not but 
 consider it a dismal place. Robert, 
 first Earl of Belvidere, married in 1736, 
 as his second wife, Mary, daughter of 
 Lord Viscount Molesworth. She was 
 wondrous beautiful, and bore him 
 four children, but for some cause that 
 excited to jealousy his determined 
 spirit, he had his Countess locked up 
 in Gaulstown House for nearly twenty 
 years, allowing her only the attend- 
 ance of a confidential servant; and 
 this most admired woman of her day 
 lingered away the prime of her life, 
 neither the world forgetting, nor by 
 the world forgot, but unknown and 
 unknowing, guarded with a vigilance 
 that knew no intermission, until by 
 her Lord’s desire she was liberated 
 from her thraldom. During the 
 Earl’s life no one ventured to call his 
 severe and illegal act into question, 
 for he was too useful to the Govern- 
 ment for them to interfere ; and the 
 personal courage of this clever and 
 handsome Bluebeard was of that ex- 
 orbitant and reckless character, that 
 no preux chevalier was found hardy 
 enough to attempt the rescue of the 
 lovely dame from durance vile.” Po- 
 pulation in 1831,448. 
 
 G A VO URN A, an inhabited island 
 near the mouth of Galway Bay. 
 
 GEALE. See Gale. 
 
 GEASHILL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of its name. 
 King’s County, and Diocese of Kil- | 
 dare. The Earl of Digby is the pro- ; 
 prietor of the whole Barony. Tlie 
 church, parsonage, and old castle of 
 
Geashill, occupy the summit of a long: i 
 ridge ou the right of the road from | 
 Edenderry to Tullamore. The vil- I 
 lage of Geashill was formerly a place 
 of some note. The ancient Irish an- 
 nals mention a battle fought here be- | 
 tween Helier and Heremon, sons of 
 Milesius, in which the former was 
 defeated. Fairs are held here in May, 
 October, and December. Population 
 of the village in 1831, 467; of parish, 
 13,253. 
 
 GEES ALA, anarrow isthmuswhich 
 separates Tulloghaan Bay from Black- 
 sod Bay, in the county of Mayo. 
 
 GENEVA, a village in the parish 
 of Crook, county of Waterford, on 
 Waterford Harbour. It was built at 
 the expense of Government for the 
 reception of the expatriated citizens 
 of Geneva in Switzerland, who re- 
 quested a settlement in Ireland, but 
 they never took advantage of the prof- 
 fered kindness. Here is a spacious 
 Barrack. 
 
 GERARD’S-TOWN, a small vil- 
 lage in the parish of Trevet, county 
 of Meath, near the post-town of Na- 
 van. 
 
 GERNONSTOWN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Ardee, coun- 
 ty of Louth, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh, on the Bay of Dundalk. Post- 
 town, Castle-Bellingbam. 
 
 GERNONSTOWN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Upper Slane, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 925. Post-town, Slane. 
 
 GIANT’S CAUSEWAY is the 
 celebrated basaltic promontory in the 
 county of Antrim, which, with the 
 surrounding scenery, is probably un- 
 equalled in Europe. The two great 
 j promontories of Bengore and Fair- 
 head, eight miles distant from each 
 other, form the leading features of 
 this grand display of basalt, both on a 
 most extensive scale, abrupt towards 
 j the sea, ( and exhibiting stupendous ar- 
 i range ments of the different species of 
 j columnar basalt. The former of these, 
 when seen at a distance from sea in 
 ij profile, appears an immense headland 
 j : running out from the coast a consider- 
 454 
 
 able length into the ocean, but is in 
 reality a combination of a number of 
 capes and bays, each known by its pe- 
 culiar name. At the base of one of 
 these capes, to the west, is the Giant’s 
 Causeway. 
 
 This extraordinary production of 
 nature first attracted notice about the 
 latter end of the seventeenth century, 
 when Sir Richard Bulkeley gave an 
 account of it from a gentleman of 
 Cambridge who had seen it, in a let- 
 ter to Dr Lyster, preserved among 
 the papers of the Royal Society. Se- 
 veral queries were drawn up by Sir 
 Richard, and these, with the answers 
 by Dr Foley, are printed in the Philo- 
 sophical Transactions of the Society, 
 but neither the answers nor the draw- 
 ings which accompanied them appear 
 to have been satisfactory. Dr Thomas 
 Molyneux was the next who attempt- 
 ed to obtain information respecting 
 the Giant's Causeway, and he dis- 
 covered that the strata of basalt was 
 not confined to it exclusively, but ex- 
 tended into the county. By his in- 
 fluence the Dublin Society employed 
 a painter of some eminence to make 
 a general sketch of the coast, and this 
 person thought proper to introduce 
 many objects altogether unconnected 
 with the subject The curiosity sub- 
 sided till 1740, when Mrs Susanna 
 Drury made two very correct paint- 
 ings of the Causeway, for which she 
 obtained the premium for the encour- 
 agement of the Arts in Ireland. These 
 drawings were engraved and publish- 
 ed, and attention once more directed 
 to the subject. Dr Pococlce took a 
 general view of the coast during his 
 tour through the county of Antrim, 
 of which he has given a description, 
 and formed a theory about the forma- 
 tion of basaltic columns. Subsequent- 
 ly the Earl of Bristol, Lord Bishop of 
 Derry, brought a painter with him 
 from Italy, who took views in Indian 
 ink of the most striking objects on 
 the coasts of Antrim and Derry, which 
 give a good idea of the Causeway, and 
 are considered valuable. In 1784 Dr 
 Hamilton published his “ I.ettcrs con- 
 
GIA OF IRELAND. GIA 
 
 cerning the Coast of Antrim,** of which 
 a new edition appeared in 1790. These 
 works increased the geological in- 
 terest connected with basaltic forma- 
 tion, on which many theories were 
 : formed. These speculations brought 
 , Dr Richardson into the field of con- 
 ! troversy, but while he combated the 
 opinions of others, he formed no 
 i theory of his own. The arguments 
 brought forward to explain the forma- 
 tion of basalt are respectively called 
 i the Neptunian , which attributes the 
 i Giant’s Causeway to an aqueous ori- 
 gin ; — the Vulcanic , an igneous ori- 
 gin ; — and the Volcanic, which decides 
 it to be the production of a volcano. 
 
 Before proceeding to the Causeway 
 itself, it may be proper to point out 
 the road to the reader. One road is 
 from Coleraine by Bushmills, from 
 i which the Causeway is within two 
 miles distance, in all about nine miles 
 , from Coleraine, and this is the short- 
 est and easiest road. At both of 
 these places are good inns, and con- 
 veyances can easily be obtained at 
 Coleraine. A second road is by 
 Glenarm, Cushendall, Cushendun, Bal- 
 lycastle, and Ballintoy, and is alto- 
 gether about 17 miles longer than 
 the road by Bushmills. It is chiefly 
 preferred by tourists who wish to see 
 the line of coast, and conveyances can 
 be obtained at the different towns. A 
 third route is from Ballymoney by 
 Bushmills, which is only ten miles to 
 the Causeway, and is a convenient 
 road to those travelling by the An- 
 trim route. 
 
 The Giant’s Causeway is so desig- 
 nated from a tradition that it was 
 formed by giants, as the commence- 
 ment of a road across the channel to 
 Scotland. The leader of those giants 
 was “ Ould Fin MacCoul,” and the 
 Causeway w'as constructed for the 
 “ honour and glory of Ireland.” In 
 a popular publication of 1832, an An- 
 trim farmer is introduced as enlighten- 
 ing Mr Trussellbags,a rider, bagman, 
 or traveller, for the Manchester firm 
 of Twist, Bobbin, Ball, & Co., on this 
 tradition. “ Pray, my good fellow',” 
 455 
 
 quoth Mr Trussellbags, “for what j 
 purpose did this Fin MacCoul make | 
 the Causeway ? Perhaps you can tell 1 
 us.” — “ With all my heart,” replied 
 the Patlander. “You see, Sir, a big 
 Scotch giant, one Benandouner, used 
 to brag that he would lick Fin Mac- 
 Coul any day ; and he used to go over 
 the Highlands crowing like a cock on 
 its own dunghill that all he wanted 
 was a fair field and no favour. So, 
 by my souks, Fin MacCoul went to 
 the King of Ireland — Ould Cormack, 
 may be ye’ve heerd o’ him — there 
 were no Grand Jury presentments in 
 them days — and he says to his Majes- 
 ty, * I want to let Benandouner come 
 over to Ireland without wetting the 
 sole o’ his shoe, and if I don’t lather 
 him as well as ever he was lathered 
 in his life, it’s not meeself that’s in it.* 
 So Fin MacCoul got lave to build the 
 Causeway, and sure he did all the 
 road clane and nate to Scotland, and 
 Benandouner came over wid his broad 
 sword and his kilt, and right glad he 
 was to get a dacent excuse for laving 
 his oun cunthry. He was bate, of 
 coorse, though he stuck up like a 
 Trojan, and then he settled in the 
 place, and became obedient to King 
 Cormack, and got a purty dacent girl 
 to be his wife, and they say that the 
 great Earls of Antrim are descended 
 from them.” In the entire Cause- 
 way the number of pillars is comput- 
 ed at from 30,000 to 40,000, the largest 
 measuring about 33 feet, and the 
 whole are included in that part of the 
 coast westward from Benbane Head 
 to the termination of the cliffs at the 
 Black Rocks, a distance of probably 
 three English miles. Among other 
 wonders are the Giants' Well, aspring 
 of pure fresh water forcing its way 
 up between the joints of two of the 
 columns, the Giants' Chair , the Gi- 
 ants' Bagpipes , the Giants' Theatre , 
 and the Giants' Organ — a magnifi- 
 cent colonnade of pillars 120 feet in 
 length, so called from a fancied re- 
 semblance to the pipes of an organ. 
 The range of the coast of the Cause- 
 way between Benbane Head and the 
 
GIA 
 
 Black Rocks, is worn, like other parts 
 of the coast, into numerous sinuosi- 
 ties, locally called ports, by the action 
 of the ocean, the principal of which 
 are Port-na-Plaiskin, Port-na-Tobber, 
 Port-na-Collian, Port-na-Spania, Port- 
 na-Reortan, Port-na-Noffer, Port-na 
 Ganniay, and Port-na-Baw. All 
 these names have their respective 
 derivations, and it may be mentioned 
 that Port-na-Spania is so designated 
 on account of the wreck of a number 
 of ships of the ' Spanish Armada in 
 1587, the Spaniards, according to tra- 
 dition, having mistaken the pillars of 
 the Causeway for the chimneys of a 
 town. The Giant’s Causeway, how- 
 ever, properly so called, is the promon- 
 tory which separates Port-na-Noffer 
 and Port-na-Ganniay, the length from 
 the base of the cliff td the sea about 
 700 feet, and the breadth 350 feet, oc- 
 cupying an area of two English acres. 
 The columnar basalt of which it is 
 composed is separated into three 
 divisions by whin dykes — the divi- 
 sions termed the Eastern, Middle, and 
 Western Causeway, of which the last 
 is the largest, and the whole are sup- 
 posed to comprise about 35,000 distinct 
 dark-coloured basaltic columns, of 
 from one foot to thirty feet in height, 
 for the most part of a pentagonal and 
 hexagonal form. The appearance of 
 the Causeway resembles huge un- 
 finished masonry. The cliffs from 
 Weir’s Snout, where the pathway de- 
 scends by the Stookans Rocks to the 
 Causeway, extend nearly two miles to 
 the Plaiskins, and the most conspi- 
 cuous columnar formations are the 
 Aird’s Snout, the Shepherd's Path, 
 the Chimney Tops, which caused the 
 wreck of the Spanish ships, very high 
 and isolated, and the Giants' Organ, 
 Theatre, and other objects previously 
 mentioned. The Plaiskins is the 
 highest cliff (395 feet), and decidedly 
 the most beautiful in its mineral for- 
 mation. The headlands of Benbane 
 and Bengore are a short distance east 
 of the Plaiskins, and at two miles are 
 the impressive ruins of Dunseverick 
 Castle. The present footpath from 
 456 
 
 GIA 
 
 Weir’s Snout to the Causeway was 
 made by the Earl of Bristol, Bishop 
 of Derry. Nearly half a mile west 
 of the Causeway is the cave of Port- 
 coon, and half a mile farther is that 
 of Dunkerry. The castle of Dunluce, 
 two miles distant from the Causeway, 
 is one of the finest ruins in Ireland. 
 A magnificent cavern perforates the 
 rock on which this peninsular fortress 
 is perched, and is entered by a huge 
 dark arch. In this cavern is a land- 
 ing place which leads to the Castle. 
 
 The best view of the Causeway and 
 the adjoining cliffs is from the water, 
 and boats and guides are easily pro- 
 cured. “ We had now arrived,” says 
 the author of Sketches in the North 
 and South of Ireland, “ at the pro- 
 montories of the Causeway. Port-na- 
 Coan, Port-na-Spania, Plaiskins, and 
 Bengore, all stood out before us, ar- 
 resting our admiration and attention. I 
 have certainly seen caves much more 
 capacious, and promontories much 
 grander, than the Plaiskins or Ben- 
 gore, but beyond a doubt the Plais- 
 kins is the prettiest thing in nature 
 in the way of a promontory ; it looks 
 as if it were painted for effect, its ge- 
 neral form so beautiful, its storied 
 pillars, tier over tier, so architectural- 
 ly graceful, its curious and varied 
 stratifications supporting the colum- 
 nar ranges, I certainly could form in 
 my imagination some conception of 
 what the platform specially called the 
 Causeway was, and I think a picture 
 or print may convey a very fair re- 
 presentation of what it is. Conceive 
 a pavement of pillars set together like 
 the comb of a bee-hive, or rather that 
 of a wasx>’s nest ; but nothing I have 
 ever seen, I think, so much exceeded 
 my expectation for very beauty as the 
 promontory of Plaiskins. Rowing 
 towards the Causeway, we noticed, as 
 we sailed along, whin dykes, and pil- 
 lars, and massive basalt. The whin 
 dykes, as geologists call those perpen- 
 dicular walls, which separate the stra- 
 tifications on either side, protrude to 
 form the respective promontories of 
 this line of coast, and where they 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
meet the sea present many curious 
 forms — here resembling a battered 
 castle, there a stack of chimneys, and 
 here again the head and hat of a man 
 with a hooked nose and wide mouth, 
 the oehreous rock giving withal a 
 red face, very like the later busts of 
 George III.” 
 
 It is already observed that the 
 greater number of the many thou- 
 sands of columns of the principal 
 Causeway are of a pentagonal and 
 hexagonal figure. Some, however, 
 have seven, and a few eight sides ; 
 several have four, but only one has 
 been found with three sides. The 
 dark rock is nearly as hard as marble, 
 and the pillars are so closely compact- 
 ed together, that though perfectly 
 ! distinct, the water which falls upon 
 , them can scarcely penetrate. Not 
 one of the pillars exactly corresponds 
 with the other, having sides and an- 
 gles of the same dimensions. It is a 
 most singular circumstance that each 
 pillar is formed of several distinct 
 joints closely articulated into each 
 other, the convex end of the one 
 closely fitting into the concave end of 
 the other, and sometimes the conca- 
 vity and convexity uppermost. A 
 section of the cliff at Bengore Head, 
 near the Causeway, gives the follow- 
 ing geological arrangement ; 1 . Ba- 
 salt, rudely columnar, 60 feet ; 2. Red 
 ochre or bole, 9 feet ; Basalt, irregu- 
 larly prismatic, 60 feet ; 4. Columnar 
 basalt, 7 feet; 5. Intermediate, be- 
 tween bole and basalt, 8 feet; 6. 
 Coarsely columnar basalt, 10 feet ; 
 7. Columnar basalt ; the upper range 
 of the pillars at Bengore Head, 54 
 feet ; 8. Irregular prismatic basalt, 
 in the bed of which the wacke and 
 wood-coal of Port-na-Noffer are situ- 
 ated, 54 feet; 9. Columnar basalt, the 
 stratum of which forms the Causeway 
 by its intersection with the plane of 
 the sea, 44 feet; 10. Bole or red ochre, 
 22 feet ; 11. Tabular basalt, divided by 
 seams of bole, 80 feet ; and the same, 
 occasionally containing zeotile, 80 
 feet ; in all 488 feet. 
 
 The trap district with which the 
 457 
 
 formation of the Giant's Causeway is 
 connected occupies almost the whole 
 of the county of Antrim, and a consi- 
 derable portion of the eastern part of 
 Londonderry, comprising an area of 
 800 square miles on both sides of the 
 valley of the Bann. This is the most 
 important trap district in Ireland ; but 
 basaltic formations of columnar 'fa- 
 cades are not altogether peculiar to it, 
 some of these occurring in the county 
 of Limerick. “ Though the Giant’s 
 Causeway,” says the Rev. John Du- 
 bourdieu, in his “ Statistical Survey 
 of the County of Antrim,” published 
 in 1812, “ was the first assemblage of 
 pillars which attracted notice, and is 
 still admitted to be the most perfect 
 group hitherto discovered, yet in 
 point of magnificence that particular 
 spot is inferior to many others on the 
 same coast; and Mr Pennant, pro- 
 bably knowing of no other columns 
 in the North of Ireland, pronounced 
 that the basalt pillars in the island of 
 Staffa far exceed the Irish in grandeur. 
 He was not aware that our coasts ex- 
 hibit many miles of vast perpendicu- 
 lar precipices, lined with basalt co- 
 lumns in parallel ranges, with a mag- 
 nificence unrivalled in any other part 
 of the world. The pillars at Fair 
 Head are 250 feet, nearly five times 
 as long as at Staffa.” A fair is held 
 at the Giant’s Causeway on the 13th 
 of August. 
 
 GIANTS’ GRAVE, properly Pit- 
 mave, a townland in the parish of 
 Glenavy, county of Antrim, at which 
 acollection of human bones was found 
 of enormous dimensions. 
 
 GIANTS’ STAIRS, a succession of 
 steep rocks rising abruptly in the 
 form of steps from the river Lee in 
 the neighbourhood of Cork. The 
 road from Passage to Monkstown, one 
 mile in length, carried along the shore, 
 and skirting the grounds of Carrig- 
 mahon, is carried through the Giants’ 
 Stairs. According to popular tradi- 
 tion the giant Mahoney is here en- 
 thralled by enchantment, and confined 
 within the bowels of the hill. The 
 depth of water is considerable at the 
 
 2 Q 
 
GIL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 GLA 
 
 base, and in 1758 a vessel commanded 
 by Captain Cole foundered under the 
 Stairs. 
 
 G1LCAH. or Gilco, a parish, im- 
 propriate rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Upperthird, county of Wa- 
 terford, and Diocese of Lismore, on 
 the Clolough stream. Population in 
 1831, 826. Post-town, Carrick on-Suir. 
 
 GILFORD, a post-town in the pa- 
 rish of Tullylish, county of Down, 62£ 
 Irish miles from Dublin, and four 
 miles from Loughbrickland on the 
 road to Portadown. It is pleasantly 
 situated on the Bann, and has a very, 
 extensive linen, flax spinning, and 
 bleaching trade. The banks of the 
 Bann are adorned with handsome vil- 
 las and bleach-greens, and adjoining 
 the town is the fine seat of Gilford, 
 Castle (Johnston, Bart.) Factories 
 are seen in various directions, and the 
 town may be considered a branch of 
 Bannbridge, from which it is only 
 four miles distant. Fairs are held in 
 Gilford on the 21st of June and No- 
 vember, and on the second Tuesday 
 of each month. The town gives the 
 title of Baron to the Earl of Clan- 
 william. 
 
 GILL (LOFGH), a beautiful lake 
 in the county of Sligo, principally sup- 
 plied by the Bonnet river. This lake 
 lies between Lough Allen and the 
 town of Sligo, and is five miles in 
 length by two miles in breadth, con- 
 taining two large islands, and eighteen 
 smaller ones, several of which are 
 mere rocky islets, all covered with 
 wood. The Church Island comprises 
 25 acres, containing some ecclesiasti- 
 cal ruins, and the Cottage Island is 
 about eight acres. Lough Gill is con- 
 sidered inferior only to Killarney in 
 point of scenery. On the south side 
 the wooded hills rise abruptly from 
 the water’s edge to the height of about 
 800 feet, and excellent walks and 
 drives are carried round the deeply 
 indented shores of the lake. The 
 beautiful demesne of Hazlewood, in- 
 cluding Holywell, is on one side, and 
 near the lower end is the fine resi- 
 dence of Cleveragh. Percymount 
 458 
 
 (Gethin, Bart.) is between Hazlewood 
 and Holywell, and on the shore of the 
 lake are the ruins of Newton-Gore, 
 once the residence of the ancestors of 
 the family of Gore-Booth. Booth 
 Gore, Esq. of Lissadell, in the county 
 of Sligo, was created a Baronet in j 
 1760. He died in 1773, and was suc- 
 ceeded by his sons Booth and Robert 
 as second and third Baronets. j 
 
 GILLTOWN, a parish and perpe- 
 tual curacy in the Barony of South i 
 Naas, county of Kildare, and Arch- | 
 diocese of Dublin, annexed to the 
 curacy of Tubber. The seat of Gill- J 
 tow r n and some other villas ornament 
 this quarter. Population in 1831, 981. 
 Post-town, Kilcullen. 
 
 G1RAHE (LOUGH), a desolate 
 lake among the Kerry mountains, 
 which, with Lough Yogher, supplies 
 Lough Currane. 
 
 GIRLEY, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Upper Kells, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, in the Union of 
 Athboy. Population in 1831, 1480. 
 Post-town, Louth. 
 
 GL ACKMORE, a mountain which ; 
 overhangs Lough Foyle in the county 
 of Londonderry. 
 
 GLANB ANE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Clanwilliam, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel, 
 being a constituent part of the corps 
 of the Deanery of Emly. It is said 
 to comprise only one farm. Post- 
 town, Tipperary. 
 
 GLANBETRY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Iveragh, 
 county of Kerry, and united Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Population 
 in 1831, 1821. Post-town, Kenmare. j 
 GLANDALOUGH (bOUGH), a : 
 lake in the county of Wicklow. See j 
 Glendalough. 
 
 GLANDINE,alocality in the King’s 
 County which gives the title of Vis- 
 count to the Earl of Norbury. 
 
 GLANDORE, a small village on the 
 coast of the Barony of Carbery in the 
 county of Cork, five miles from Ross- 
 carbery . It is situated on the east side 
 of Glandore Harbour, at the head of 
 which are the hamlet and demesne of 
 
GLA 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 GLA 
 
 “ The Leap,” surrounded by the most 
 picturesque scenery. On the east side 
 of the Bay copper ore is found, and; 
 slate quarries are wrought, from 
 which considerable quantities are ex- 
 ported. 
 
 GLANEALY, a parochial district 
 forming a chapelry, with a village of 
 its name, in the Baronies of Arklow 
 and Newcastle, county of Wicklow, 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. The pa- 
 rish church occupies a most romantic 
 situation, at the base of a lofty and 
 finely wooded hill. Population in 
 1831*1531. Post-town, Wicklow. 
 
 GLANEOLA, a picturesque moun- 
 tain stream which enters Glendalough 
 lake in the county of Wicklow', be- 
 tween the LugdufF Mountain and Co- 
 maderry. 
 
 GLANINAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bur- 
 ren, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Kilfenora, constituting a part of the 
 corps of the Treasurer ship of that 
 Diocese. It extends along the south- 
 ern coast of Galway Bay. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 545. Post-town, Ennis- 
 tymon. 
 
 GLANESORLE AN, a tributary 
 stream of the Bray, in the county of 
 I Dublin, which forms the fine water- 
 fall in the deer park of the demesne 
 of Powerscourt. It tumbles over a 
 rocky precipice 300 feet in height, and 
 the surrounding scenery is most ro- 
 mantic. This fall is of course inter- 
 esting in proportion to the quantity 
 ; of water, which is very variable, and 
 l depends on the season. 
 
 GL ANKEEN, a parish, rectory and 
 j vicarage, in the Barony of Kilnema- 
 | nagh, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 6585. Post-town, Burros-Ileigh. 
 
 GLANMIRE, a parish in the Ba- 
 rony of Barrymore, county and Dio- 
 cese of Cork, divided into Upper and 
 Lower, also called Calierlog. The 
 valley of Glanmire is a part of the 
 beautiful environs of the city of Cork, 
 and is watered by the Glanmire 
 6tream, which meets an arm of the 
 river Lee about two miles below the 
 459 
 
 village. The Glanmire is crossed 
 about three miles from Cork by a 
 draw-bridge, and in this quarter is the 
 Little Island, about two miles in length 
 and one mile in breadth, covered with 
 modern villas. Three miles from 
 Carrigtohill is the hamlet of Little 
 Glanmire, near which is the fine resi- 
 dence of Rockgrove ; ana a short dis- 
 tance beyond the demesne of Foatv, 
 on the margin of the Great Island, is 
 the beautiful seat of Marino. Among 
 the numerous mansions and villas in 
 this quarter are those of Lota, now 
 divided into several elegant residences, 
 >Lotabeg, and Dunkittle. The south- 
 ern slopes of the Glanmire hills are 
 also studded with villas. The village 
 of Glaumire is adorned by the hand- 
 'some parish church with a neat spire, 
 and is situated in a romantic seques- 
 tered glen. Population in 1831, 2780. 
 Post-town, Cork. 
 
 GLANOGRA, or Glenogra, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage, with a hamlet of 
 its name, in the Barony of Small 
 County, county and Diocese^of Li- 
 merick. Fairs are held at the village j 
 in May and October. Population in 
 1831, 1610. Post-town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 GLANORE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Ferinoy, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Post- 
 town, Fermoy. 
 
 GLANTON, or Glexton, a vil- 
 lage in the parish of Ballyclougli, 
 county of Cork, about five miles from 
 Mallow. 
 
 G LAN T WORTH, a parish, rectory 
 and prebend, in the Baronies of Fer- 
 moy and in those of Condons and Clon- 
 gibbons, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne. The small and decayed 
 town of Glantworth is situated on the 
 Puncheon river, which is here crossed 
 by a stone bridge. It was formerly 
 a corporate borough, but its pri- 
 vileges are now extinct. A Domini- 
 can Friary was founded by the family 
 of Roche in 1227, and here are the 
 extensive ruins of a once regularly 
 and strongly fortified castle. About , 
 a mile from Glantworth is the curious 
 sepulchral monument of Labacally, 
 
! GLA THE GAZETTEER GLA 
 
 | or the Hag's Head. Glantworth or 
 j Glentworth gives the title of Baron 
 to the Earl of Limerick. Population 
 of the town in 1831, 1098 ; of the pa- 
 rish, 4455. Fairs are held in March, 
 May, August, September, and Novem-» 
 her. Post-town, Mitchelstown. 
 
 GLA SHANE, or Gleshane, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of. 
 Galmoy, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory. Population in 1831, 
 619. Post-town, Rathdowney. 
 
 GLASNE VIN, a parish and curacy 
 in the Barony of Coolock, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. The village 
 of Glasnevin, two miles from Dublin, 
 is pleasantly situated on an eminence 
 overlooking the Tolka stream, and 
 has been long a favourite suburban 
 residence. At the entrance to the 
 village from the Dublin side are the 
 spacious Botanical Gardens belong, 
 ing to the Royal Dublin Society, the 
 costly gates of which were erected 
 at the expense of Mr Pleasants, a gen- 
 i tleman justly distinguished for his 
 numerous charitable and useful dona- 
 tions. The demesne occupied by the 
 Gardens belonged to Tickel the Poet, 
 and was purchased from his repre- 
 sentatives for the sum of L.2000, sub- 
 ject to a ground rent. The Gardens 
 j and their appendages comprise thirty 
 i acres, the Tolka forming a sweeping 
 boundary on one side. The Lecture 
 Room is small, and can accommodate 
 only 120 persons. Dr Wade may be 
 said to be the founder of the Botanic 
 Gardens atiGlasnevin. He drew up a 
 memorial, which was presented to 
 the Irish Parliament, and several 
 sums of money have been granted. 
 Dr Wade published his Catalogue in 
 1794, and subsequently the Gardens 
 were established, a Professor appoint- 
 ed, and the public resorted to the lec- 
 tures. In the neighbourhood of Glas- 
 nevin once resided, either permanent- 
 ly or transiently, Addison, Swift, De- 
 lany, Sheridan, Steele, and Parnell. 
 i Dr Delany’s mansion of Delville ad- 
 joins the Palace of the Bishop of Kil- 
 dare. In this quarter the villas and 
 mansions are numerous and elegant. 
 
 460 
 
 Here is an institution for the educa- 
 tion of poor deaf and dumb children, 
 and an ornamental cemetery is laid 
 out, which contains some fine monu- 
 ments, one of w’hich is to the me- 
 mory of Curran, and is a very hand- 
 some and chaste design, by Mr J. T. 
 Papworth, A. R. H. A., architect of 
 the Dublin Royal Society. It is a fac- 
 simile of the celebrated antique known 
 as the tomb of Scipio Barbaticus, and 
 is of the Doric order, richly sculptur- 
 ed, erected so as to appear on a tu- 
 mulus. The plinth is 11 feet 2| inches 
 by 5 feet 6£ inches ; the clado, 8 feet 1 1 
 inches by 3 feet 8£ inches ; the height 
 8 feet 2 inches; and the blocks of 
 granite, of which the tomb is formed, 
 are thought to be the largest used in 
 Ireland, each weighing from four to 
 five tons. The joints between the 
 blocks are so managed as to make the 
 whole appear one entire mass of gra- 
 nite. Curran died in London in 1817 
 in the sixty-eighth year of his age, and 
 was interred in one of the vaults of 
 Paddington Church, London. The 
 Managers of the Cemetery of Glas- 
 nevin, however, were successful in 
 reclaiming for Ireland the remains of 
 their illustrious countryman, and they 
 now rest under the monument above 
 described. Lord Cloncurry had the 
 honour of originating the subscrip- 
 tion for this memorial, and also for 
 the other in St Patrick’s Cathedral, 
 the foundation of which is granite, 
 and the structure marble, fronting the 
 monument to the late Sergeant Ball. 
 Among the recent memorials in St 
 Patrick’s— the ‘ f Westminster” of Ire- 
 land in this respect — are those to the 
 memory of Chief Baron Joy, Mr Se- 
 cretary Drummond, Lord Clements, 
 the Dean of St Patrick’s, and others. 
 The name Glasnevin is a corruption of 
 Glaseeneven, or the pleasant little field, 
 and it is now a truly beautiful locality. 
 
 GLASSLOUGH, a small thriving 
 town in the parish of Donagh, county 
 of Monaghan, which has been greatly 
 improved by the Leslie family, to 
 whom it belongs. It is about two and 
 a half miles south-east of Emyvale, on 
 
GLE OF IRELAND. GLE 
 
 the road to Tynan. Here are mills 
 for grinding corn, scutching and 
 spinning flax, weaving, and other 
 works. The fine seat of Leslie Castle, 
 now modernized and enlarged, is 
 near the town, and the extensive de- 
 mesne includes two beautiful natural 
 lakes. Fairs are held on the third 
 Friday of each month, except Decem- 
 ber, when the fair is held on the last 
 Friday of that month. 
 
 GLASSON, a small village in the 
 county of Roscommon, about five 
 miles from Athlone, and two miles 
 from Lishoy, or Auburn, the reputed 
 birth-place of Goldsmith. 
 
 GLASSTOOLE, a little village on 
 i the Bay of Dublin, in the parish of 
 Monkstown, six miles from Dublin. 
 
 GLEN (LOUGH), a small lake in 
 the county of Londonderry, which re- 
 i ceives the Owencarro w stream, not far 
 \ from the remote town of Dunfanaghy. 
 
 The village of Glen is in this quarter, 
 j in the vicinity of Lough Salt Moun- 
 j tain, and in descending to the village 
 a view is obtained of the Bays of 
 Sheephaven and Mulroy, and their 
 sandy barren coasts. 
 
 GLENA, a lofty peaked mountain 
 in Kerry, one of the chain which 
 stretches about 40 miles from Mill- 
 street past Killarney towards Valen- 
 tia. It belongs to the Purple range, 
 which forms the southern boundaries 
 of the Lower Lakes of Killarney. 
 
 GLENADE (LOUGH), a small lake 
 about five miles from the town of 
 Manor-Hamilton in the county of 
 Leitrim, from which issues the Bon- 
 net river. On its banks is Glcnade 
 House, and the vale itself is one of 
 the finest of the Irish mountain glens. 
 
 I GLENAH. See Killarney. 
 
 i GLENALONG, a mountain in the 
 
 county of Fermanagh, blending with 
 that of Skean and numerous other 
 j ridges. 
 
 GLENARIFF, a beautiful vale in 
 the county of Antrim, on the route 
 from Glenarm to the Giant’s Cause- 
 way by Cushendall. It was watered 
 by the little river Acre, and near it 
 are the caves and castle of Red Bay. 
 
 4G1 
 
 GLENARM, a Barony of the county 
 of Antrim, in which is the town of 
 Glenarm, 133 miles from Dublin, si- 
 tuated in a romantic glen opening on 
 the sea-coast, and separating the moun- 
 tains connected with Collon Top and 
 Slemish. It is a small sea-port, and 
 carries on a little trade with Scotland 
 in corn, provisions, and coals. Glen- 
 arm is probably the most interesting 
 of all the little towns on the northern 
 coast of Ireland, and has all the ap- 
 pearance of comfort. It has a Mar- 
 ket-House, an elegant parish church, 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, a Presby- 
 terian meeting-house, and a neat stone 
 bridge. Here are the remains of a 
 Franciscan Friary, founded in 1465 by 
 Robert Bisset, who had been com- 
 pelled to fly from Scotland. The 
 park, connected with the stately castle 
 of the Earl of Antrim, extends three 
 miles up the glen, and is traversed by 
 the romantic stream, which is crossed 
 by the fine bridge, near the approach j 
 to the massive gateway of the de- 1 
 mesne. Fairs are held at Glenarm 
 on the 26th of May, 30th of August, 
 and 29th of October. A line of road 
 is opened from Larne to Glenarm by 1 
 the 'shore, by which a steep hill is ; 
 avoided. Population in 1831, 880. 
 
 GLENAVY, a parish and vicar- 1 
 age in the Barony of Massareene, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, annexed to the vicarage of 
 Camlin and Tullyrusk. The united 
 parishes are bounded on the north 
 and east by the river Crumlin and ; 
 the parish of Belfast, and on the west ! 
 by Lough Neagh, and in figure re- j 
 semble a crescent, about 4£ English 
 miles in breadth and 12 miles long at 
 the extreme points, containing 17,889 
 English acres. The surface is a de- 
 clivity from the base of the Black 
 Mountain to the shores of Lough 
 Neagh. In the Tullyrusk district the 
 surface is mountainous and bare, but 
 Glenavy and Camlin, which extend 
 along Loch Neagh, are more level, 
 fertile, and well cultivated. On the 
 banks of the Glenavy and Camlin 
 streams the soil is sandy. The former 
 
GLE 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 GLE 
 
 river rises in the mountains of Bally- 
 muckelward, and discharges itself in- 
 to Lough Neagh. It abounds with 
 trout, eels, bream, pike, and perch. 
 At Aghaness, near the mouth of this 
 river, is a bed of petrifaction which 
 had been covered to a depth of 19 
 feet. The Crumlin, which rises at 
 the base of the Black Mountain, also 
 enters Lough Neagh, and contains si- 
 milar fish as the Glenavy. The water 
 of Lough Neagh was long ignorantly 
 supposed to cure diseases, and to 
 have the property of petrifying wood 
 and other substances. The names of 
 Lough Sidney and Lough Chichester 
 have been respectively applied to this 
 vast body of fresh-water, iu honour of 
 the Lords-Deputies Sir Henry Sidney 
 and Sir Arthur Chichester, but the 
 ancient designation is pertinaciously 
 retained. It abounds with salmon, 
 trout, eel, pike, bream, roach, shad, 
 or fresh-water herring , and a fish pe- 
 culiar to the lake known as the fresh- 
 water whiting . The species of trout 
 called dolachan is also said to be pe- 
 culiar to Lough Neagh, and the bud - 
 dagh is a large trout. The gilaroo 
 trout, noted for its stomach resem. 
 bling the gizzard of a fowl, is found in 
 Sandy Bay on the shores of Glenavy. 
 Upwards of a mile from this shore is 
 Ram’s Island, of seven acres, beauti- 
 fully wooded, and inhabited by one fa- 
 mily. Here is an ancient round tower. 
 The island is the property of Earl 
 O’Neil. In 1814, when Lough Neagh 
 was completely frozen, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Heyland accomplished the ha- 
 zardous exploit of riding on horse- 
 back from the debouch of the Crum- 
 lin to this island. That gentleman 
 rode round the lake for a consider- 
 able wager in 1804, and performed the 
 feat in less than five hours, being a 
 circuit of 80 English miles. Near 
 Lough Neagh, and separated only by 
 the narrow neck of land termed the 
 Deer Park, is the beautiful oval 
 formed sheet of water called Lough 
 Beg, or the Little Lake, covering up- 
 wards of 600 acres, and stored with 
 fish and a great variety of wild fowl. 
 
 462 
 
 In 1740 an attempt to drain this lake 
 w r as made by Arthur Dobbs, Esq., 
 then agent to Lord Conway, who 
 erected a windmill on the narrowest 
 part of the isthmus, which acted on 
 buckets, and threw the water into 
 Lough Neagh. The lake was emptied, 
 but the water returned either through 
 springs, or, as was believed, by a 
 subterraneous communication with 
 Lough Neagh, and the scheme was 
 relinquished. In the sequestered 
 Sally Island in this lake Bishop Je- 
 remy Taylor composed some of his 
 works, and probably the celebrated 
 “ Ductor Dubitantium,” the Preface 
 of which is dated from his f ‘ study” 
 at Portmore in Killultagh, on the 
 banks of Lough Beg. 
 
 The plantations in this district are 
 limited, the soil being either under 
 cultivation or in pasture, but exten- 
 sive forests covered the surface in the 
 seventeenth century. The Deer Park 
 has been long completely clear of wood, 
 and is now arable. Here grew the 
 Broad Oak and the Royal Oak, two 
 immense trees, the latter noticed in 
 Evelyn’s Silva. It was 42 feet in cir- 
 cumference; the principal arm was 
 sold for an axis of a mill ; the other 
 branches built a vessel of 50 tons, call- 
 ed the Royal Oak ; the bark brought 
 40 guineas ; the trunk Is. 6d. per foot, 
 and the whole tree producedL.121, 10s. 
 There is no waste ground except the 
 Brown Moss, nearly 100 acres of turf 
 bog, in Tullyrusk. The most re- 
 markable of the minerals are the 
 beautiful stones found on the shore 
 of the lake, and even two miles inland, 
 called Lough Neagh Pebbles , of differ- 
 ent colours, some being white, yellow, 
 red, and variegated. The red pebbles 
 are the rarest and most beautiful, and 
 are like the largest and most valuable 
 stones, generally found in the land. 
 Another pebble is called the Brilliant 
 from its lustre, but it is exceedingly 
 rare. The other minerals are quartz, 
 or felts, mica, silex, stones of various 
 kinds, a rude kind of basalt near the 
 mouth of the Glenavy river, and indi- 
 cations of coal. 
 
GLE OF IRELAND. GLE 
 
 The Glenavy and Crumlin rivers 
 are crossed by several bridges, all in 
 good repair. There are numerous 
 country seats, among which may be 
 noticed Glendarragh, near the town 
 of Crumlin, Thistleborough, Cherry- 
 valley, Lakefield, Goremount, Glen- 
 conway, Gobrana, Ben Neagh, and 
 Cider Court. “ The county,” says 
 the Rev. Edward Cupples, Vicar, in 
 1814, “presents an agreeable surface 
 of hill and dale, watered by frequent 
 rivulets, and variegated by the hand 
 of industry. The scenery along the 
 banks of Lough Neagh is particularly 
 pleasing, exhibiting rich and highly 
 cultivated grounds resembling gar- 
 dens, fringed with luxuriant hedge- 
 rows, and covered with neat farm- 
 houses, comfortable cottages often em- 
 bosomed in orchards, elegant man- 
 sions, and handsome demesnes of 
 country gentlemen ; these objects re- 
 flected in the glassy surface of the 
 lake, and enriched by its surrounded 
 beauties. The prospect from the 
 high grounds is interesting and ex- 
 tensive.” 
 
 As it respects antiquities, the old 
 parish church of Glenavy was super- 
 seded by the present edifice, which 
 occupies a low situation, in 1812. The 
 parish church of Caralin is a vener- 
 able ruin, overgrown with ivy, on the 
 verge of a precipitous bank over- 
 looking the Crumlin river. It is al- 
 leged that it was dilapidated during 
 the war of the Revolution by the 
 troops of William III., to dislodge a 
 body of Irish who had taken posses- 
 sion, for the purpose of annoying an 
 English garrison in the vicinity. Bi- 
 shop Jeremy Taylor held an ordina- 
 tion in this church on the 1st of De- 
 cember 1661. Some vestiges of the 
 foundations of the parish church of 
 Tullyrusk still remain. The silver 
 chalice of the communion table has 
 an inscription, purporting that it was 
 given by the officers of the Queen’s 
 Regiment of Horse, in 1690, command- 
 ed by the Hon. Major-General Sir 
 John Lanier, in honorem Ecclesice An- 
 glicancc , probably as an acknowledg- 
 463 
 
 ment for the kindness of the inhabit- 
 ants to a detachment of the Duke of 
 Schomberg’s army quartered at Glen- 
 avy, when the Duke was stationed at 
 Lisburn. On Ram’s Island in Lough 
 Neagh is the round tower already 
 mentioned, and it is said that a paved 
 causeway extends from the mainland 
 at Gartree Point to this island. There 
 are several cromlechs and Danish 
 raths or mounds. The Giants’ Grave, 
 on the townland of Pitmave, is an in- 
 closed vault 35 feet long, 4£ feet broad, 
 and 2 feet deep, composed of large 
 square stones, having two vaults of 
 smaller dimensions on each side; and 
 at the head of the ancient cemetery 
 long stood a venerable thorn of re- 
 markable size. 
 
 Throughout the district are several 
 schools. Agriculture is greatly im- 
 proved, and a few of the farms are 
 large. The principal trade is in brown 
 linen, yarn, butter, pigs, grain, and 
 potatoes. Messrs Forsyth and Co. es- 
 tablished a cotton manufactory at 
 Glenavy ; a flax spinning-mill was 
 erected at Cider Court, near Crumlin, 
 by Mr Ferguson; Mr Ashcroft built 
 a manufactory for stamping cotton at 
 Knockairn ; and on Glenavy river were 
 at one time eight bleach-fields. Se- 
 veral vessels ply on Lough Neagh. 
 
 The small town of Glenavy is 74 
 miles from Dublin, seven miles from 
 Lisburn, twelve miles from Belfast, 
 and three miles from the village of 
 Ballinderry. This town is situated 
 on two eminences, between which 
 flows the river, dividing the town into 
 tw o parts. Half a mile distant, on the 
 townland of Ballymacricket, is the 
 Roman Catholic chapel, a neat edifice 
 erected about 1800. Fairs are held 
 at Glenavy on the first Wednesday of 
 every month. Crumlin is a neat lit- 
 tle town (see Crumlin). Population 
 of the united parishes in 1831, 3390. 
 
 GLENBAY, a remote harbour on 
 the coast of Donegal, 15 miles from 
 Killybegs, on the shore of the Atlan- 
 tic, reached by a very indifferent road 
 through a wild mountain district. 
 The parish church and Roman Ca- 
 
GLE THE GAZETTEER GLE 
 
 tholic chapel are at the poor fishing 
 village of Glenbay. 
 
 GLENBEGH, or the Glen of the 
 Begh, or Birchen river, a large wild 
 tract at the entrance of the Iveragh 
 Mountains, on the shores of the Bay 
 of Castlemaine, county of Kerry. It 
 comprises about 15,000 acres, most of 
 which is rocky, boggy, and mountain 
 ground. Steep and rugged moun- 
 tains rise in the form of an amphi- 
 theatre, except towards the sea, and a 
 line of hills extends along the shore. 
 The whole is a sheltered vale, through 
 which the small river Begh takes its 
 rapid course from the lakes among 
 the eminences to the ocean. Previous 
 to 1807 this romantic and picturesque 
 valley had a peculiarly wild andsavage 
 aspect, and could only be entered by a 
 pass between the river and a frown- 
 ing cliff. The inhabitants were noted 
 for their ferocity, murderous quarrels, 
 and plundering propensities, when 
 shipwrecks occurred on the coast. 
 This glen was a safe retreat to every 
 offender who fled from justice, for 
 here all pursuit terminated; no person 
 was allowed to be conducted through 
 it as a prisoner ; and it was the boast 
 of those mountaineers that none were 
 ever punished who took refuge on 
 I their fastnesses. As to taxes, cess, 
 j and other public dues, the collection 
 was out of the question, even although 
 the officers appointed to that duty 
 were protected by the military. This 
 precious community inhabited the 
 most wretched hovels, which scarcely 
 afforded room to the inmates, and 
 were quite inadequate to the purpose 
 of shelter. They were literally cover- 
 ed with rags, and miserably fed ; and 
 their scanty potatoe crop was often 
 shared with their stunted cows, other- 
 wise the poor hawkies must have 
 starved. The very idea of labour 
 w r as offensive to those gentry, and 
 work of any kind considered slavery, 
 yet they w r ere a remarkably robust, 
 active, and enterprising race, hospita- 
 ; ble and obliging to all who asked their 
 assistance. “ Many of them,” says Mr 
 Wiggens, agent to Lord Headley, in a 
 4G4 
 
 pamphlet entitled, “ Hints to Irish 
 Landlords,” &c. published in 1822, 
 “ possessed almost chivalrous ideas of 
 courage, ancestry, and adventure, and 
 exhibited symptoms of acuteness and 
 intelligence, and a remarkable fond- 
 ness for legal subtleties and historical 
 tradition. Such were the people of 
 that country when Lord Headley, hav- 
 ing recently come of age, for the first 
 time visited this portion of the exten- 
 sive family estate in Ireland. His 
 Lordship at once saw that the de- 
 plorable state of those people was 
 chiefly owing to a long course of ne- 
 glect, and he therefore resolved to 
 cultivate their good qualities without 
 being at first very eager to punish 
 their bad ones, which he wished to 
 subdue by the progress of improve- 
 ment, so that the culture of the peo- 
 ple might keep pace with that of the 
 soil. He succeeded in establishing 
 within eighteen years a degree of civi- 
 lization and improvement, which, 
 without those efforts, must have re- 
 quired a century.” This worthy 
 nobleman was the Right Hon. Charles 
 Winn, second Lord Headley, eldest 
 son of George, first Lord, created 
 Baron Headley of Aghadoe, in the 
 county of Kerry, in 1797. His Lord- 
 ship died in 1840, and was succeeded 
 by his son Charles, third Lord. The 
 small inn of Glenbegh is situated near 
 the head of the bay, which is bounded 
 by the long sandy ridge of Rossbeg, 
 and forms the commencement of the 
 improvements effected by Lord Head- 
 ley, consisting of planting large tracts 
 of high grounds, embanking sea-flood- 
 ed lands, forming roads, and building 
 comfortable cottages. The inn is 
 reached by proceeding two miles along 
 the high moory tract after crossing 
 the Carragh stream. Beyond this the 
 road is carried along the sides of the 
 steep hill which overlooks the sea, and 
 commanding a noble view of the Bay 
 of Dingle — a road which, says Mr In- 
 glis, “ in the magnificence of its moun- 
 tain and sea views is little inferior to 
 any of the celebrated roads along the 
 shores of the Mediterranean, and is 
 
OLE OF IRELAND. GLE 
 
 •every way superior to the road from 
 Bangor to Conway in North Wales.” 
 
 GLENBOWER, a beautiful ravine 
 on the road from Kilkenny to Callan, 
 at the termination of which the mag- 
 nificent valley of the Suir is entered. 
 
 GLENCAR, a range of mountains 
 in the county of Kerry, a few miles 
 from Killorglin, in the direction of 
 M‘Gillicuddy’s Reeks, overlooking the 
 fine angling Upper and Lower Lakes 
 of Carragh. 
 
 GLENCAR, a beautiful lake in the 
 sequestered glen of its name in the 
 vicinity of Sligo, lying among the Ben- 
 ulbin and Cope Mountains. 
 
 GLENCASTLE, a small village on 
 the road from Newport through Bal- 
 lycroy, in Mayo, at which is a Roman 
 Catholic chapel. It is about seven 
 miles from Tulloghaan Ferry, and 
 here the road is joined to Belmullet. 
 In the ravine of Glencastle is the 
 Danish fort of Doondonnell. 
 
 GLENCO, a narrow valley continu- 
 ous with that of Ballymonnelly, form- 
 ed by the mountains of Croghan and 
 Slieve-Fyough, in Mayo, traversed by 
 the Owenmore river, noted for the 
 quantity and excellence of its salmon. 
 Many parts of these vales, through 
 which the road is carried, are pictur- 
 esque, though bare of wood, except 
 the willow and the hazel. 
 
 GLENCOLLUMBKILL, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Bannagh, county of Donegal, and 
 ! Diocese of Raphoe. Population in 
 1831, 3752. Post-town, Killybegs. 
 
 GLENCREE, a stream which is 
 formed by the surplus waters of the 
 small Lough Bray and other sources 
 in the county of Wicklow, and enters 
 | the Bray river. This stream tra- 
 verses the glen of its name, the head 
 of which extends to Powerscourt deer 
 park, nine miles from Dublin. About 
 a mile distant, close to the road, are 
 Glencree Barracks, in the valley at 
 the base of the Kippure Mountain, in 
 the parish of Stagonil, and are ad- 
 jacent to the great line of road which 
 passes through the Wicldow Moun- 
 tains as far as Aughavanagh, con- 
 465 
 
 | structed by the military in 1799. In 
 the immediate vicinity of Glencree 
 Barracks is Lough Bray. 
 
 GLENCYLE, a valley traversed by 
 the Cyle stream in the county of An- 
 trim, two miles from Glenarm, on the 
 road to Cushendall, and about a mile 
 from the village of Cairn Lough. 
 
 GLENDAHURK, a wild, rugged, 
 and romantic ravine, one of those 
 which deeply indent the Maum Tho- 
 maus Mountains, on the route from 
 Castlebar and Newport to Molyrany 
 in Mayo. Two miles from the road, 
 in this glen, are the fine little unfre- 
 quented Loughs Furnauce and Fy- 
 ough. 
 
 GLENDA LOUGH, an ancient Bi- 
 shopric, in the county of Wicklow, 
 founded by St Kevin, or St Coemgen, 
 who was the friend of St Columb and 
 other holy men, and who is said to 
 have died in A.D. 618, at the age of 
 120. It is not a little remarkable that 
 all the early Irish saints are famous 
 for their reputed longevity, and seem 
 to have w r alked through life in very 
 easy and comfortable circumstances. J 
 The worthy St Kevin, however, did 
 not retain the Bishopric which he 
 founded, but bestowed it on his 
 nephew, called Molibba, or Libba, 
 keeping it of course in the family, and 
 reserving to himself the Abbacy, 
 which he held to his death. A suc- 
 cession of eleven Bishops is given, 
 some of whom bore the thundering 
 names of Dungall MacBaithen, Cor- 
 mac MacFitzbran, Gilda na Naomh, 
 and Kinad O’Ronan. The See of 
 Glendalough was united to that of 
 Dublin in 1214 at the death of William 
 Piro. This annexation has never been 
 disjoined, and the Archbishops of Dub- 
 lin are also Bishops Glendalough. 
 There is also an Archdeaconry in the 
 united Archdiocese. The Cathedral 
 was dedicated to St Peter and St 
 Paul. 
 
 GLENDALOUGH, a parish in the 
 Barony of Ballinacor, county of Wick- 
 low, chiefly comprising the valley so 
 called, in which is the beautiful lake 
 of Glendalough. The valley was for- j 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 GLE 
 
 GLE 
 
 merly named Glenade, but now Glen- : 
 dalough, or tbe Glen of the Two Lakes , 
 and more frequently tbe Seven 
 Churches. It is 23£ Irish miles from 
 Dublin by Rathfarnham, Glencree 
 Barracks, and Sallygap ; and the 
 same distance by Enniskerry and 
 Roundwood. The valley of Glen- 
 daiough is surrounded by majestic 
 and lofty mountains, one of which, 
 called the Church Mountain, rises 
 conspicuously upwards of 2200 feet 
 above the level of the sea. Here is a 
 poor hamlet, occupying the alleged 
 site of an ancient city. The ruins 
 of the Seven Churches are about half 
 j a mile west of the village of Laragh 
 j Bridge, at which meet all the streams 
 ; issuing from Loughs Tay, Dan, Na- 
 | lianagan, Ouler, Glendalough, and the 
 1 rivulets from the numerous glens and 
 ravines, and assuming the name of 
 | Avonmore, meander through the 
 j vale of Clara, which commences at 
 ( Glendalough, whence they wind past 
 Rathdrum and through Avondale, to 
 I the junction with the Avoca at the 
 I residence of Castle-Howard (see Avo- 
 I ca). At the meeting of all the 
 i above-mentioned streams, and at the 
 j base of the Derrybawn Mountain, is 
 ! the neat modern seat of Derrybawn, 
 
 ; connected with extensive plantations, 
 and the low grounds of the demesne 
 greatly improved. The village of 
 Laragh contains some rather respect- 
 able hostelries at which pilgrims and 
 tourists to the Seven Churches — 
 
 “ men and horses” can be “ enter- 
 tained,” unless Father Mathew has 
 had sufficient influence to get them 
 closed, or transformed into tee- 
 | total bivouacks. The Barrack of 
 | Laragh, which is near the intersection 
 j of the military road from Dublin to 
 Aughavaugh, is now occupied by a 
 | detachment of Police. 
 
 The Seven Churches of Glenda- 
 lough are simply fragments of what 
 were, with one or two exceptions, 
 small rude buildings of no architec- 
 tural pretensions. The principal 
 group consists of the Cathedral , 
 
 ; Our Lady's Church , St Kevin's Kit- 
 40S 
 
 : chen, and a Round Tower, which oc- 
 cupy an eminence above a little sheet 
 of water called Poolanass, detached 
 from the lake of Glendalough. The 
 cemetery which surrounds the Cathe- 
 dral is entered by a ruined archway, 
 and is one of those places of sepul- 
 ture so densely tenanted by the dead 
 that interment in it is probably 
 thought to ensure the salvation both 
 of body and soul. The Cathedral is 
 a paltry ruin, only interesting on ac- 
 count of the traditions and legends 
 connected with it, and apparently to 
 have been about 50 feet in length by 
 30 feet in breadth. The walls of Our 
 Lady’s Church are standing, faced 
 with cut stone, and from the tena- 
 cious quality of the cement are likely 
 to endure many years. St Kevin’s 
 Kitchen is entire, roofed with stone, 
 and having a small round tower on 
 the western end. The interior is 
 lighted by one window, which is richly 
 carved, and at the eastern end is a 
 small apartment ten feet long by nine 
 feet broad. The other ruins are scat- 
 tered along the road-side and shores 
 of the lake, and are respectively term- 
 ed the Ivy Church, Rhefeart Church, the 
 Abbey and. Team-pull-na- Skelig. These 
 are now masses of mouldering walls, 
 with no architectural features, and 
 seem to be unnecessarily pressed into 
 the list with the others to complete 
 the mystical number of seven. Rhe- 
 feart signifies the Sepulchre of Kings, 
 and here was, and probably still is, 
 the tomb of the MacTooles, or 
 O’Tooles, the ancient chiefs of the 
 district, having an inscription in the 
 Irish language, purporting that King 
 Macthuil died in Christ A.D. 1010. 
 St Kevin is believed to be buried in 
 the Abbey. The round or pillar 
 tower is 110 feet high, and is in good 
 condition. A small cavern, connect- 
 ed with the life of St Kevin, is in the 
 front of the lofty Lugduff Mountain, 
 and is an excavation in the front of 
 the perpendicular rock called St Ke- 
 vin’s Bed, the entrance to which is 
 30 feet above the surface of the lake. 
 This is pretended to have been the 
 
GLE OF IRELAND. GLE 
 
 retreat of St Kevin, in which he per- 
 formed acts of bodily mortification 
 when assailed by the “ thorns of the 
 flesh.” The approach to this holy 
 couch, which may contain three per- 
 sons, is by a narrow and dangerous 
 pathway along the steep side of the 
 Mountain; and at a ledge called the 
 Lady's Rock the cave is gained with 
 very great difficulty, as the slightest 
 trip would precipitate the pedestrian 
 into the lake. The local guides pre- 
 tend that since the fate of the fair 
 Cathleen, when St Kevin prayed that 
 no one should ever find a watery 
 grave in Glendalough, no mortal has 
 ever been drowned. The reader 
 must understand that this Cathleen 
 was a real sweetheart of St Kevin, 
 who repeatedly visited his reverence, 
 and to avoid temptation he withdrew 
 to this rocky couch. Cathleen, 
 
 however, discovered his retreat, and 
 when the holy man awoke one morn- 
 ing, he perceived the beautiful female 
 leaning over him. He immediately 
 flung her from the rock into the lake, 
 and the next morning she was seen 
 for a moment on the margin of the 
 lake wringing her flowing locks, and 
 was never heard of again. This tra- 
 dition is the theme of one of Moore’s 
 Melodies, beginning — “ By that lake 
 whose gloomy shore.” The lake of 
 Glendalough is about a mile in length 
 and a fourth of a mile in breadth, and 
 is supplied by the Poolanass brook 
 and the Glaneola, which run down 
 the sides of the mountains. The 
 whole scenery is sterile and melan- 
 choly, devoid of majestic features, and 
 the very personification of solitude 
 and sombreness. The range of hills 
 in the north side of the vale, as far as 
 the entrance to the valley of Glena- 
 sane, are called Brocagh and Glena- 
 sane, beyond which is the huge Cou- 
 raderry Mountain, separating Glena- 
 
 I sane from the Glen of the upper Lake. 
 
 1 On the southern side are the hills 
 of Derrybawn and Lugduff, between 
 which is a stream peculiarly cold, 
 completely obscured from the rays 
 of the sun, and in which it is very 
 467 i 
 
 dangerous to bathe. A little east- 
 ward is an extraordinary fissure, 
 known as the “ Giant’s Cut,” and said 
 to have been the work of Fian Mac- 
 Comhal, who cleft the mountain with 
 one stroke of his sword, and formed 
 the hill Derrybawn. Not far from 
 the village is St Kevin’s Keeve, a rivu- 
 let believed to possess miraculous 
 properties on St Kevin’s Day, Sundays, 
 and Thursdays, when unhealthy chil- 
 dren are dipped in it before sunrise. 
 The guides who volunteer their ser- 
 vices to the lovers of the picturesque, 
 the inquisitive tourist, the antiquary, 
 and others who visit this wild and 
 sequestered locality, find the retreat 
 and exploits of St Kevin sources of 
 constant profit, and numerous legends 
 are connected with the wonderful 
 Seven Churches of Glendalough, 
 which are in as great local repute as 
 were the celebrated Seven Churches 
 of Asia in ancient times. Crosses, holy 
 wells, and other relics, occur through- 
 out the vale, and numerous are the 
 cures, miracles, and visions connect- 
 ed with these objects. Of more im- 
 portance than this mass of tradition- 
 ary nonsense are the extensive lead 
 mines in the neighbouring glen of 
 Anafane, leased, with 30,000 acres, 
 from the Archbishop of Dublin by 
 the Mining Company of Ireland, and 
 advantageously in operation. The 
 road adjoining the great Dublin and 
 Wexford line is carried through the 
 glen, and this, with other roads, has 
 been of great advantage to the dis- 
 trict. 
 
 GLENDASON, or Glenasawe, a 
 stream which rises about four miles 
 from Glendalough in the small pool 
 called Lough Nahanagan, and after 
 traversing the valley of Glenasane, is 
 one of the branches of the Avon- , 
 more at Laragh or Derrybawn Bridge. 
 
 GLENDERGAN, a stream in the 
 county of Tyrone, which enters the 
 Derg River, after it issues from 
 Lough Derg in its course to the | 
 Strule. 
 
 GLENEALY, a hamlet in the 
 county of Wicklow, about three miles j 
 
GLE THE GAZETTEER GLE j 
 
 from Rathnew, on the road from 
 Dublin to Rathdrum and Arklow. 
 
 GLENGAD HEAD, a wild pro- 
 montory on the coast of Donegal, two 
 miles west of Magheryard. 
 
 GLENGARIFF, or the Rocky Glen, 
 a most romantic glen, three miles 
 in length and of variable breadth, in 
 the county of Cork, at the head of the 
 narrow arm of the sea which branch- 
 es off from the northern end of Ban- 
 try Bay, and usually designated Glen- 
 garriff Harbour. The splendid scen- 
 ery of this quarter has made it a fa- 
 vourite resort of tourists in their 
 way to and from Killarney. Glen- 
 garriff can be reached by means of 
 good and safe boats from Castletown, 
 
 | a distance of nine miles across the 
 Bay, or 16 miles by land; and the 
 . road from Bantry in the opposite di- 
 rection is eleven miles, along a range 
 of hills rising from the bay, doubling 
 numerous indenting inlets, and cross- 
 ; ing the Moyalagh, Ouvane, and Coor- 
 loum rivers. This road is remark- 
 ably hilly, and by no means well 
 adapted for vehicles, but it will pro- 
 bably be obviated by the level line 
 marked out along the shore. 
 
 On the shore of Glengariff Harbour 
 is Glengariff Castle, from which an 
 excellent view is obtained of the Har- 
 bour and its islets, the principal of 
 which, crowned by a Martello tower, 
 is Ganish. This is a very beautiful 
 residence, the castle being of a fanciful 
 architecture. The solitary inn and the 
 Police Barrack are in the vicinity, at 
 the former of which poneys, cars, and 
 boats can be obtained; and two miles 
 farther is the Lodge of the Earl of 
 Bantry. The vale df Glengariff is in- 
 closed by lofty mountains, of varied 
 and picturesque outline, and the road 
 through it can only be traversed on 
 foot. At the head of the glen, about 
 two miles from the Earl of Bantry’s 
 Lodge, is a cliff called the Eagle's 
 Nest , and near it are two mountain 
 lakes, the sources of the stream which 
 waters the valley. Returning to the 
 beautiful bay of Glengariff, with its 
 wooded heights and rocky mountains, 
 468 
 
 it is so land-locked by headlands and 
 islands as to give it the appearance of 
 a lake. On one side is a Martello ] 
 tower, erected after the French inva- 
 sion of 1796. In one part of the shore j 
 is Cromwell's Bridge in ruins, said to j 
 have been built by him ; beyond it is 
 the new bridge on the Castletown 
 road ; and in the back ground is the 
 rocky mountain of Shorn. The most 
 striking feature in this bay is the 
 Sugarloaf Mountain, so called from 
 its form, and seen in all directions. 
 
 It is traditionaly believed to have 
 been the residence of a celebrated fe- 
 male fairy named Stranagown. On 
 the road to Kenmare the traveller 
 passes under a tunnel, a very elegant ' 
 work finished in 1839. “ To visit 
 
 Glengariff,” observe Mr and Mrs S. C. 
 Hall, “ the tourist may proceed either 
 by land or by water across the bay : — 
 it is obvious that the best mode will 
 be to go by one way and return by the 
 other, both offering strong tempta- 
 tions to the lover of the picturesque. 
 Those, however, who take it in their 
 route to Killarney, and do not design 
 to make any stay at Bantry, had bet- 
 ter continue the road, for the Bay 
 may be seen fully from the hills above 
 either Bantry or Glengariff, or at all 
 events by talcing a boat a mile or two 
 from the shore of either.” 
 
 GLENHAGAN, a deep glen in the 
 Connemara district, in the centre of 
 the Binabola Mountains, which dis- 
 charges its waters into Lough Bally- 
 nahinch. 
 
 GLENMACANASS, a narrow' shel- 
 tered valley, three and a half miles in 
 length, in the county of Wicklow, in 
 the vicinity of Glendalough or the 
 Seven Churches, five miles from Sal- 
 lygap. The sides are in many places 
 fertile and cultivated, and the valley 
 is watered by the Avonmore, the 
 banks of which are finely wooded to 
 the village of Clarabeg. The vale of 
 Glenmacanass is the only one on the 
 w-hole line of the military road of 
 which the engineer could take advan- 
 tage. The road divides in front of 
 Laragh Barracks, the right branch 
 
GLE OF IRELAND. GLE 
 
 leading to Annamoe and Roundwood, 
 and that on the left being a continua- 
 tion of the military road. At the 
 head of the vale is a waterfall, part- 
 ly formed by the surplus waters of 
 Lough Ouler, which lies about a mile 
 from the cascade. It rushes down 
 the perpendicular front of a moun- 
 tain, the side of which, by a curva- 
 ture, forms an extensive natural basin. 
 Here are found imbedded crystals of 
 beryl, garnet, and tourmaline, in the 
 coarse-grained rocks of granite, and 
 there is much to interest the geolo- 
 gist in this locality. 
 
 GLENMALURE, or the Glen oj 
 much Ore, a great defile in the Wick- 
 low Mountains, parish of Rathdrum, 
 traversed by the Avonbeg. This glen 
 is singularly wild and desolate, al- 
 though enlivened by its comfortable 
 inn and the Drumgoff Barrack. It 
 is one of the routes to the Seven 
 Churches, is four and a half miles in 
 length, and is inclosed by lofty and 
 almost inaccessible mountains, from 
 which egress is excluded except at 
 the remote extremity by a pass over 
 a high and rugged hill. Behind the 
 mansion of Ballinacor is Drumkitt 
 Hill, from the road at the foot of 
 which is the first view of Glenmalure, 
 remarkably impressive, and display- 
 ing this wild and remote tract to great 
 advantage. Midway up Drumkitt 
 Hill is a mineral spa of some local re- 
 pute. The mountains, some of which 
 are known by most unpronounceable 
 names, are in perfect continuation on 
 either side, and in the chasm between 
 the Table Mountain on the south-east 
 and that of Cumavally on the north- 
 east, near the splendid cascade called 
 the Ess, the Donard road winds its 
 serpentine course. Drumgoff Bar- 
 rack, built shortly after the Rebellion 
 of 1798, is in the centre of the glen, 
 and must have been a most repulsive 
 station to military men. Near it, at 
 the intersection of the Donard and 
 Aughavanah roads, is the inn. From 
 this quarter the ascent is made to 
 i Lugnaquilla, the highest mountain in 
 j Wicklow, 3039 feet, the summit of 
 469 
 
 which, with the exception of a few ! 
 spots covered with mica-slate, is soft 
 as a level grass park. The highest 
 point of Lugnaquilla is marked by a 
 large stone resting on small low sup- 
 porters, and called Pierce's Table. 
 The view, as may be imagined, is most 
 extensive and magnificent. On the 
 north side of the mountain is an enor- 
 mous chasm forming the termination 
 of the Glen of Imail, and designated 
 the North Prison , to distinguish it 
 from a similar hollow of the South 
 Prison , on the other side. From the 
 grand waterfall of the Ess, or the 
 Donard road at the head of the glen, 
 the lead mines of Ballinafinchogue 
 may be reached, which are well worthy 
 of a visit. During the Rebellion of 1798, 
 Glenmalure was the scene of many 
 bloody deeds. 
 
 GLENNAMADDA, a wild rugged 
 ravine, which pierces the steep sides 
 of the Maum Thomaus Mountains in 
 Mayo. , 
 
 GLENO, a beautiful and romantic 
 vale in the county of Antrim, near 
 the road from Carrickfergus to Glen- 
 ann. 
 
 GLEN OF THE DOWNS, a glen 
 about four miles from Bray, in the 
 county of Wicklow, on the route to 
 the Seven Churches, formed by two 
 abrupt hills from 1200 to 1300 feet in 
 height, and clothed with wood from 
 the base to their summits. Near the 
 north entrance of the glen is an ele- 
 gant rustic cottage, and on the sum- 
 mit of the hill behind are a Banquet- 
 ing Room and Octagon Temple. The 
 distance between the two opposite 
 sides of this glen only admits a car- 
 riage way, and the high road is conti- 
 nued through the bottom to the gate 
 of Belle-View demesne, and thence to 
 the village of Delgany. j 
 
 GLENPATRICK, a ravine which [ 
 extends a considerable distance across 
 the hills in the neighbourhood of 
 Clonmel. 
 
 GLENTHOMAUS, one of the rug- 
 ged ravines in the Maum Thomaus 
 Mountains in Mayo. 
 
 GLENTIES, a village in the parish 
 2 b 
 
GOR THE GAZETTEER GOR ' 
 
 of Iniskeel, county of Donegal, five 
 miles equally distant from Ardara 
 and Narin. A fair is held on the 
 19th of dune. 
 
 GLIN, or Glynn, a village in the 
 parish of Kilfergus, county of Lime- 
 rick on the Shannon, twelve Irish 
 miles from Askeaton, on the road 
 from Limerick to Tralee by Tarbert, 
 Ballylongford, and Listowell. It con- 
 tains the parish church, a large Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel, and a strong 
 Bridewell. About a mile beyond the 
 village is Glin Castle, the seat of those 
 Fitzgeralds who are commonly called 
 the Knights of Glin. 
 
 GLYDE, a small river which runs 
 through the county of Louth, and en- 
 ters the sea below Anagassan House 
 and corn-mills. 
 
 GLYNN, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Belfast, county of An- 
 trim, and Diocese of Connor, on the 
 bay called Lough Larne. It has a 
 small village of the same name. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1668. Post-town, 
 Larne. 
 
 GOBBINS ROCKS, a range of trap 
 rock cliffs off the coast of Island- 
 magee, county of Antrim. 
 
 GOLDEN, a village in the parish 
 of Religmurry, county of Tipperary, 
 three miles from Cashel, pleasantly 
 situated on the Suir. In the vicinity 
 are the residences of Castle Park, 
 Liskeen Abbey (Fitzgerald, Bart.), 
 and Suir Castle ; and about a mile dis- 
 tant are the interesting ruins of Atha- 
 nassel Abbey. 
 
 GOLDEN-BRIDGE. See Dublin. 
 
 GORE’S-BRIDGE, a village in the 
 parish of Grange-Silva, county of Kil- 
 kenny, on the river Barrow. Near 
 it is the old castle of Ballyellan, and 
 on the grounds rising from the river 
 is Mount Loftus (Loftus, Bart.) 
 
 GOREY, a market and borough 
 town in the parish of Kilmachealogue, 
 county of Wexford, 48 Irish miles 
 from Dublin, on the road to Wex- 
 ford. It consists principally of one 
 street, which has rather a neat ap- 
 pearance, and several good houses, 
 but with the exception of the week- 
 470 
 
 ly markets it has no trade. The 1 
 surrounding country is fertile and 
 well cultivated. About three miles ! 
 from it is Courtown, on the shore, the 
 fine marine residence of the Earl of 
 Courtown, near which is a small fish- 
 ing harbour. By the Municipal Bill 
 the style of the Corporation of Gorey 
 is the Sovereign, Burgesses, and Free 
 Commons of the Borough and Town 
 of Newborough. Population in 1831, 
 3044. 
 
 GORMANSTOWN, a village in the 
 Barony of Duleek, county of Meath, 
 two miles from Balbriggan. In the 
 vicinity is Gormanstown Castle, the 
 seat of Lord Viscount Gormanstown. 
 Sir Robert Preston, appointed De- 
 puty to Richard Duke of York, young- 
 est son of Edward VI., who was no- 
 minated Lord Deputy of Ireland dur- 
 ing his minority, was created Vis- 
 count Gormanstown in 1478. Jenico, 
 seventh Viscount, adhered to James 
 II., and w r as indicted and outlawed for 
 high treason in April 1691, though he 
 died in March preceding. He was 
 succeeded by his nephew, Jenico, but 
 the title was not acknowledged till 
 1800, when Jenico, twelfth Viscount, 
 obtained permission from the Crown 
 to institute proceedings for the re- 
 versal of the outlawry, and his Lord- 
 ship received a writ of summons to 
 take his seat in the House of Peers. 
 
 GORT, a market and post town 
 in the parishes of Kiltartan and Kil- 
 macduagh, county of Galway, 124 
 English, or 99 Irish, miles from 
 Dublin, and 12 miles from Lough- 
 rea. It is a thriving, well-built, and 
 prettily situated town, in a plaip lying 
 between the hills of Burren on the 
 west, and those of Loughrea Barony 
 on the east, and is watered by a stream 
 which is discharged from several 
 small lakes above the town into the 
 Bay of Galway at Kinvara Harbour. 
 There are numbers of good houses 
 and shops, and the retail trade is con- 
 siderable. Gort is the great thorough- 
 fare from Galway into Roscommon 
 and Clare, and has a good inland 
 traffic. The parish church is a neat 
 
edifice, and there is an Infantry Bar- 
 rack. About two miles distant, on 
 the road to Ennis, is the fine castel- 
 lated mansion of Loughcooter Castle, 
 in an extensively wooded demesne, 
 the seat of Lord Viscount Gort, the 
 proprietor of the town. John Pren- 
 dergast Smyth, Esq., grandson of Dr 
 Thomas Smyth, Lord Bishop of Li- 
 merick in 1695, was created Baron 
 Kiltartan, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 with remainder to his nephew, Charles 
 Vereker, Esq., of Roxborough, in the 
 county of Limerick, in 1800. His 
 Lordship was advanced to the dignity 
 of Viscount Gort, with the same re- 
 version, in 1816; and, dying in 1817, 
 was succeeded by his nephew as se- 
 cond Viscount. Population in 1831, 
 3627. 
 
 GORTIN, a small town in the pa- 
 rish of Lower Badoney, county of 
 Tyrone, on the stream of its name. 
 It is four and a half miles from New- 
 town-Stewart, and adjoins tbe de- 
 mesne of Beltrim, romantically situ- 
 ated between the mountains of Mun- 
 terlowney and the Hill called Mary 
 Gray, and watered by the Owenreagh, 
 a tributary of the Strule. Numerous 
 cultivated and densely inhabited glens 
 diverge several miles among the moun- 
 tains from Gortin, each watered by 
 its own stream, and traversed by roads 
 leading to the easterly towns in Derry 
 and Tyrone. These extensive glens 
 display much interesting scenery. 
 Gortin contains the parish church ; 
 and the produce of a distillery in the 
 place has given it a considerable local 
 repute. Fairs are held at Gortin on 
 the first Wednesday of each month. 
 
 GORTROE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Barry- 
 more, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. Population in 1831, 2$56. 
 Post-town, Rathcormack. 
 
 GOSFORD, an extensive demesne, 
 in which is the fine seat of the Earl of 
 Gosford — a large stately pile in the 
 early castellated style of architecture, 
 in the vicinity of the town of Market- 
 j hill, county of Armagh, and six miles 
 from the city of Armagh. Archi- 
 471 
 
 bald Acheson, Esq., of Gosford, in the 
 county of Haddington — a Barony now 
 belonging to the Earl of Wemyss — 
 obtained large grants of land in the 
 counties of Antrim and Cavan in 1611 
 and 1612, was created a Baronet of 
 Nova Scotia in 1628. He died at Let- 
 terkenny in 1634, and was succeeded 
 by his eldest son, who died without 
 issue, and the title and estates devolv- 
 ed to Sir George, second son. This 
 gentleman’s descendant, Sir George 
 Acheson, was created Baron Gosford of 
 Markethill, in the county of Armagh, 
 in 1776, and Viscount Gosford in 1785. 
 His son Arthur, second Viscount, was 
 advanced to the dignity of Earl of 
 Gosford in 1806. His Lordship died ! 
 in 1807, and was succeeded by his son j 
 Archibald, second Earl, created Baron j 
 Worlingham, in the Peerage of Great | 
 Britain, in 1835. This nobleman was 
 Governor-General of Canada, when 
 the rebellion broke out in that Pro- 
 vince in 1835. 
 
 GOUGANE BARRA, a lake in the 
 county of Cork, which is the source | 
 of the river Lee, above Lough Allua, 
 an expansion of that river, the latter 
 wdthin one mile of the village of Incha- 
 geelah, and Gougane Barra six miles 
 above that village, which is 26 Irish 
 miles from Cork. The road to Gou- 
 gane Barra from Inchageelah is rug- 
 ged, and only suited for pedestrians. 
 The lake is about one mile in length 
 by half a mile in breadth, and occu- 
 pies a deep circular basin open to- 
 wards the east, and environed by 
 lofty, rugged, and almost perpendicu- 
 lar mountains, down the sides of which 
 numerous rills are poured into the 
 lake after rains. On a small wooded 
 islet, in the middle of the lake, are the 
 ruins of various buildings, and the 
 hermitage of St Finbarr, founder of 
 Cork Cathedral, and certainly that 
 holy man could scarcely have selected 
 a more appropriate spot for solitary 
 devotion, the whole surrounding 
 scenery being peculiarly wild and 
 gloomy. This lake has long been a 
 place of pilgrimage during summer. 
 
 “ Gougane, or Geig- abhan, the ‘ gorge I 
 
of the river,’ ” says Mr Windele, “ is a 
 very deep mountain recess or hollow, 
 about a mile and a half long, environ- 
 ed, save at the east side, by steep and 
 lofty hills covered with heath and 
 rock, the surface abrupt and broken, 
 and sweeping down on every side with 
 the greatest boldness and variety. The 
 centre of this hollow is occupied by a 
 lake of considerable extent, which 
 spreads itself under the shadow of the 
 lofty cliffs of Faoilte on the north, 
 and stretches westerly towards the 
 deep recesses through which the in- 
 fant Lee struggles. It is rather of an 
 oblong form, its length lying from 
 north-east to south-west, and is sup- 
 posed to cover about 800 acres. Its 
 sanctified character has, according to 
 some, preserved it from that legen- 
 dary pest of Irish lakes, the 4 worm,’ 
 or ‘enchanted eel.* A monster of 
 this description, however, has been 
 known to have inhabited it in past 
 ages. It is said that at times he was 
 accustomed to leave the waters, and 
 go marauding along the green shores, 
 and yet, though he had the ears and 
 mane of a horse, and was of enormous 
 dimensions, he was never known to 
 do harm. But he caused his own ex- 
 pulsion by an act of wanton daring, 
 not to be tolerated by gods or men. 
 A priest had been one day celebrating 
 mass on the island, and was in the 
 act of dismissing the congregation by 
 flinging the ‘ holy water* over them, 
 when up popped the marvellous eel 
 from the lake, and caught the ‘ lo- 
 neen,’ an instrument or vessel used 
 for the holy water, in his mouth, with 
 which he escaped into the water. 
 Alarm and horror seized the whole 
 congregation, who, at once excited by 
 the impiety, and despising the fear of 
 contact with the mysterious animal, 
 rushed to the water’s edge, and with 
 stones and missiles pursued the plun- 
 derer round the lake, and finally down 
 the rocky pass where the Lee breaks 
 out in its course to Incliageela. Near- 
 ly opposite the pass of Kaimaneigh, 
 at a fall called ‘Aosach Loneen,’ so 
 hot was the pursuit that he let go his 
 472 
 
 prize, and with the utmost rapidity 
 pursued his course to the east. He 
 rested for a while in Lough Allua, 
 and again under ‘ Relig-Barra,* or 
 the Cathedral, at Cork, and finally 
 swam to the sea, since which time he 
 has never been seen, and the lake has 
 continued free from the appearance 
 of the monster ! On every side, ex- 
 cept the south-east, mountains of gi- 
 gantic proportions, and furrowed by 
 torrents, rise in vast and almost per- 
 pendicular masses. — Between the base j 
 of these mountains and the margin of j 
 the lake, at the east and north-east I 
 sides, the green fields and scattered j 
 hamlet of ‘Rosalucha,’ or the ‘plea- ! 
 sant place by the lake,’ afford a re- j 
 lief to the eye, and redeem the soli- 
 tude of the scene. — Near the landing- j 
 place from the island, on the eastern 
 shore, is a small slated fishing lodge, 
 and here a few lonely graves point out 
 the simple burying-place of the dis- 
 trict. — A rude artificial causeway leads 
 to the Holy Island, at the entrance 
 of which stands a square narrow stone 
 inclosure, flagged overhead, and filled 
 with the water of the lake, which 
 finds admission beneath. In the busy 
 season of the ‘pattern,’ this well is 
 frequented by pressing crowds of 
 men, women, and — cows ! the lame, 
 the blind, the sick, and the sore, the 
 barren and unprofitable. The stout 
 ‘ boccaughs ’ of either gender repair 
 to its healing water in the sure hope 
 of not getting rid of those lamentable 
 maims and afflictions of person which 
 form their best source of profit, and 
 interest the charity of the peasantry.” j 
 To the west of the lake of Gou- j 
 gane Barra is a valley of considerable 
 length, the bottom of which is a wide 
 rushy moor, traversed for about a 
 rnife by a streamlet considered by 
 some the infant Lee before it enters j 
 the lake. On the right is the moun- j 
 tain called in English the “ Eagle’s 
 Nest,” about half way up which is the 
 source of the rivulet, held in great ; 
 veneration by the peasantry. The 
 mountains Dereen and Coomroe, pre- 
 cipices of enormous height, close the 
 
GOW 
 
 GOU OF IRELAND. 
 
 upper extremity of the glen to the 
 south and West. A number of small 
 lakes occupy the summit of Coomroe, 
 one of which is known in English by 
 the name of the “ Lake of the Red 
 Women,” its shores wild and boggy. 
 It derives its name from a tradition 
 that three women, dressed in red, were 
 surprised by a herdsman while view- 
 ing the surrounding solitude, and 
 they entered the lake and instantly 
 disappeared. It discharges itself by 
 a streamlet which may be with pro- 
 priety considered the genuine source 
 of the Lee, though the peasants of Gou- 
 gane Barra assign it to be the two ac- 
 cessible streams which issue from the 
 side of Coomroe. Near the Red Wo- 
 men’s Lake is a long and narrow one 
 called Lough Caol, separated from the 
 former by a slight elevation of the 
 mountain. Other lakes, or small 
 tarns, lie among the neighbouring 
 hollows, two of which on the Kerry 
 side are in deep shade and seclusion, 
 and guarded by terrific overhanging 
 precipices, furrowed by the winter tor- 
 rents. Nothing can exceed the wild, 
 desolate, and lonely aspect of this 
 savage region — “ all sky, and water, 
 and mountains,” as Mr Windele ob- 
 serves, “ the silence only disturbed at 
 times by the whistle of the plover and 
 other wild fowl, or the lowing of the 
 cattle, thinly scattered over the rough 
 pasturage.” The only mode of as- 
 cending to the summit of either the 
 Foyloch or Cummeen Mountain is by 
 the steep channels of torrents dry in 
 summer, the passage a regular esca- 
 lade. The easiest ascent is by the 
 side of “ Dereen-na-glasha,” or “ the 
 “ little oak wood of streams,” and the 
 summit is designated “ Farbreagach’ ’ — 
 an immense square stone like a Druid- 
 ical altar resting on a mass of rock. 
 It has the appearance of a human 
 form from the opposite mountains, 
 and hence its name, which signifies 
 the “ Man of Deceit.” The view 
 from this elevation is of great mag- 
 nitude and variety, embracing the 
 Killarney Mountains on the north- 
 west in all their purple grandeur, and 
 473 
 
 visible almost from their base in a long 
 and magnificent range from Clara to 
 the peaks of the Reekach. On the 
 south-west are the mountains of Bere- 
 haven, beyond which is the Atlantic, 
 and inland is Bantry Bay with' its 
 islands. The road winds to Bantry 
 through the Pass of Kaimaneigh, or 
 the (l Pass of the Deer,” so narrow 
 that the road is of very moderate 
 breadth, and the sides of the huge 
 dreary mountains rugged and per- 
 pendicular. “ This place,” says Mr 
 Windele, “is well calculated to awaken 
 in the mind vivid and picturesque 
 recollections of times when Creagli - 
 adoir and Bonnoght , Kern, and Gal- 
 lowglass, Tory , and Rapperee , swept 
 through the encumbered pass, driv- 
 ing their prey of lordly cattle down 
 the defile — times when were heard 
 the hostile shouts of the wild O’Sul- 
 livans and the O’Learys, their fierce 
 hurras, and farraghs and aboos ming- 
 ling with the ringing of their swords 
 and their lusty strokes on helms and 
 shields. It is with associations of spoil, 
 adventure, and daring — of chasing the 
 red deer, the wolf, or the boar, with 
 horn and hound, that this place is 
 properly connected.” 
 
 GOUNA (LOUGH), a lake the 
 greater part of which is in the county 
 of Cavan, four miles from Granard, 
 on the cross-road leading to Kille- 
 shandra. It is five miles in length, and 
 of variable breadth, the shores re- 
 markably sinuous, forming long pro- 
 jecting headlands. On the small 
 island of Inchmore are some church 
 ruins, and opposite is the residence of 
 Ernehead. At the head of the lake 
 is the mansion of Frankfort, and a 
 little lower down is the pretty cottage 
 of Woodville. On the north-west shore 
 are Cornadrung and Rossduff. Lough 
 Gouna is the head of the river Erne, 
 and is the most picturesque of the 
 lakes of Leinster. 
 
 GOWRAN, a Barony in the east of 
 the county of Kilkenny, containing 
 the towns of Thomastown, Graigue, 
 Gowran, Innistioge, Gore’s-Bridge, 
 and part of Bennet’s Bridge. 
 
GRA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 GRA 
 
 GOWRAN, a parish, rectory and j 
 vicarage, in the Barony of its name, 
 Diocese of Ossory. The small town 
 of Gowran is 53 Irish miles from 
 Dublin by Carlow, Leighlin Bridge, 
 and Royal Oak, and is situated on a 
 rivulet which falls into the Barrow 
 three miles below, at Gore’s- Bridge. 
 The parish church is near the ruins 
 of a fine abbey, and here are also the 
 remains of an old castle built by the 
 third Earl of Ormond, in the beauti- 
 ful demesne of Gowran, the seat of 
 Viscount Clifden, which is close to 
 the town. The neighbouring dis- 
 trict is in excellent cultivation. Po- 
 pulation of town in 1831, 1009 ; of pa- 
 rish, 2783. 
 
 GRACEHILL, a village and Mo- 
 ravian settlement in the parish of 
 Ahoghill, county of Antrim, 20 miles 
 from Belfast, and two miles from 
 Ballymena, on the Maine river. The 
 Moravian institution was effected in 
 1755, though its origin may be dated 
 from 1746, and is well conducted and 
 worthy of inspection. The principal 
 buildings are the chapel, the academy, 
 the single women’s residence, widows’ 
 house, the boarding-school for young 
 ladies, the shop, and the inn. Va- 
 rious trades are carried on by the 
 male and female inhabitants of this 
 singular community, and each family 
 has land sufficient to keep a cow and 
 raise potatoes. Opposite the chapel 
 is the square, surrounded with a 
 hedge and double row of trees, be- 
 tween which is a fine gravel walk, 
 and within is a smaller square, having 
 a fish-pond in the centre. Gardens 
 are attached to all the houses. The 
 Right Hon. Earl O’Neill is the pro- 
 prietor of the townland of Ballyken- 
 nedy, in which this village is situated, 
 under whom it is held on a lease re- 
 newable for ever, and the profit rent 
 is applied to the maintenance of the 
 inhabitants and improvement of the 
 place. “ When the first colonists,” 
 says Mr Samuel Blenade, the minister 
 ' of the community in 1814, “ were set- 
 tled in this quarter of the country, 
 they found the land in a rude and un- 
 j 174 
 
 cultivated state, and the natives were 
 so ignorant of husbandry, that they 
 could scarcely afford to pay four shil- 
 lings rent per Irish acre, nor had they 
 any idea of housing their potatoes, 
 and securing them from the winter 
 frosts, till they learned it from these 
 colonists, who are still giving their 
 neighbourhood a good pattern of in- 
 dustry, and exciting them to emula- 
 tion by their improvements. For the 
 rest, the mode of cultivation does not 
 differ much from that generally adopt- 
 ed by judicious farmers. — Church 
 government and discipline are regu- 
 lated by the principles of the consti- 
 tution of the United Brethren. The 
 police of the place is conducted by a 
 small number of intelligent and ex- 
 perienced men, under the superin- 
 tendence of the ministers and elders. 
 The burial-place is on the summit of 
 a rising ground, inclosed with a hedge 
 and lofty trees. Every tenant of these 
 subterraneous abodes has peaceable 
 possession of his tenement, and a stone 
 on his grave recording his name, the 
 day of his birth and departure, and 
 the number of years spent in this 
 mortal vale.” In the neighbourhood 
 is Galgorm Castle, the seat of the Earl 
 of Mountcashel ; and a mile west- 
 ward is the village of Ahoghill, the 
 neighbourhood of which is ornament- 
 ed by several neat villas. 
 
 GRACE’S COUNTRY, an ancient 
 district, including the Baronies of 
 Crannagh, Galmoy, and Shillelogher, 
 in the county of Kilkenny, extending 
 north from the Liberties of Kilkenny 
 and the Nore to the borders of the 
 Queen’s County. This was the pro- 
 perty of the Grace family, and many 
 localities are still known by the affix 
 or prefix of their name. 
 
 GRAIG, a small town in the parish 
 of Killeshin, Queen’s County, on the 
 river Barrow. It is a kind of suburb 
 of the town of Carlow, with which it 
 is connected by a bridge. Population 
 in 1831, 1976. 
 
 GRAIGUE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Gowran, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Dicrcese of Leighlin. 
 
OR A OF IRELAND. GRA 
 
 1 The town of Graigue is situated on 
 i the Barrow river, which is here tidal, 
 though 25 miles from the sea, and is 
 i crossed by a bridge. In the vicinity 
 are the ruins of an abbey and of a 
 stately castle. Population of the town 
 in 1831, 2130; of parish, 4745. 
 
 GRALLAGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Balrothery, 
 county and Diocese of Dublin, annex- 
 ed to the vicarages of Hollywood and 
 Naul. Post-town, Balbriggan. 
 
 GRANARD, a parish, vicarage, and 
 , small town, in the Barony of its name, 
 
 ■ county of Longford, and Diocese of 
 Ardagh, not far from the line of the 
 Grand Canal. The town of Granard 
 is 53£ Irish miles from Dublin, by 
 I Athboy, Castletown-Delvin, and Cas- 
 tle-Pollard, and is advantageously situ- 
 ated, but its central position and its 
 distance from rival towns have not 
 improved its trade. There are a large 
 : weekly market for agricultural pro- 
 i duce, a considerable manufacture of 
 i coarse linen, two tolerable inns, and 
 several good houses have been lately 
 built. The beautiful and picturesque 
 Lough Gouna is only four miles dis- 
 tant (see Gouna). Granard is a mili- 
 tary station, and here is a remarkable 
 rath called the Moat of Granard, on 
 the summit of which stood formerly 
 a fortalice. This moat is 593 feet 
 above the level of the sea, of easy as- 
 cent, and rises boldly over the town at 
 the western end of the main street. 
 A splendid view is obtained from the 
 summit, including Loughs Gouna, 
 Sheelin, Kennail, Derevaragh, Glore, 
 and Iron. Granard gives the title of 
 Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 ! Noble Family of Forbes, descended 
 from the Hon. Patrick Forbes of 
 Corse, in Aberdeenshire, younger son 
 of James, second Lord Forbes, in the 
 Peerage of Scotland. Sir Arthur For- 
 bes, Knight, settled in Ireland in 1620, 
 and was created a Baronet of Nova 
 Scotia in 1628. He was killed in a 
 duel at Hamburgh in 1623, whither 
 he had accompanied his regiment, of 
 which he was Lieutenant-Colonel, to 
 assist the great Gustav us Adolphus, 
 475 
 
 King of Sweden, and was succeeded j 
 by his son, Sir Arthur, who zealously j 
 maintained the Royal cause in Scot- 1 
 land, and at the Restoration was made j 
 a Privy Councillor of Ireland and 
 Marshal of the Army. He was nomi- i 
 nated one of the Lords Justices of ! 
 Ireland in 1671, and again in 1673, j 
 when he was created Baron Clane- 
 hugh and Viscount Granard, and Earl 
 of Granard in 1684. George, sixth 
 Earl, was created a Peer of Great Bri- 
 tain in 1806, by the title of Baron 
 Granard of Castle-Donnington, in the 
 county of Leicester. The seat of this 
 Noble Family is Castle- Forbes, in the 
 county of Longford, near the village 
 of Newtown-Forbes. Population of 
 Granard in 1831, 2069. 
 
 GRAN A UGH, a small stream which 
 enters the Shannon in the neighbour- 
 hood of Athlone. 
 
 GRANEY, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Kilkea and Moone, 
 county of Kildare, and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin. Population in 1831, 1135. 
 
 GRANEY, a village near the city 
 of Waterford, but in the county of 
 Kilkenny, at which several fairs are 
 held. Here are the ruins of the cas- 
 tle, said to have been built by the 
 celebrated Margaret, Countess of Des- 
 mond. 
 
 GRANGE, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy in the Barony of O’Neilland, 
 county and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 in the vicinity of the city of Armagh. 
 
 GRANGE, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Connello, county and 
 Diocese of Limerick, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of the city of Limerick. 
 
 GRANGE, a fishing village on the 
 north side of Sadare Bay, in the pa- 
 rish of Ahamlish, county of Sligo, 
 seven miles from the town of Sligo, 
 on the road to Ballyshannon. 
 
 GRANGE, a village in the parish 
 of Derryloran, county of Tyrone, also 
 called Mount-Hamilton. 
 
 GRANGE, or Lisgenan, a parish, 
 impropriate rectory and vicarage, in 
 the Barony of Decies- without- Drum, 
 county of Waterford, and Diocese of 
 Lismore, on the river Licky, near the 
 
GRA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER GRE 
 
 sea-coast. Population in 1831, 2195. 
 Post-town, Dungarvan. 
 
 GRANGEFORTH, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Catherlough, 
 county of Carlow, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin. Population in 1831, 926. 
 Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 GRANGE-GAETH, a parochial 
 district in the Barony of Upper Slane, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. 
 
 GRANGE-GORMAN. See Dub- 
 lin. 
 
 GRANGE-MOCKLER, or Nine- 
 Mile- House, a parish and impropriate 
 rectory in the Barony of Slievardagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Lismore. Population in 1831, 666. 
 Post-town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 GRANG E-MON A CHORUM, 
 otherwise Grangernosilvin and Gran- 
 gerosnolvin, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Kilkea and Moone, 
 county of Kildare, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, in the Union of Castle- 
 Dermot. 
 
 GRANGE-MONK, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Catherlough, 
 county of Carlow, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin. Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 GRANGEMORE, a village in the 
 parish of Killucan, county of West- 
 meath. 
 
 GRANGE OF ST JOHN BAP- 
 TIST, a parish, impropriate rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore. See Cahir. 
 
 GRANGE-SYLViE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Gowran, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin, on the Barrow river, along 
 which it extends four miles by three 
 in breadth. The river is navigable 
 from Athy to Ross by locks. The 
 surface is diversified by small hills 
 which are either arable or in pasture, 
 and the mansions of Barrowmount, 
 Salisbury, and Mount- Garnet, orna- 
 ment the district. The parish church 
 is a beautiful edifice, erected in 1811, 
 from a design of Francis Johnston, 
 Esq., President of the Royal Hiber- 
 nian Academy. Gore’s-Bridge, over 
 the Barrow, connects the counties of 
 476 
 
 Kilkenny and Carlow, and near it is 
 the post-town so called (see Gore’s- 
 Bridge). Population in 1831, 1496. 
 
 GRAN SHAW, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kilcoleman, county of Kerry. 
 
 GRAY-ABBEY. See Grey- Ab- 
 bey. 
 
 GRAYSTONES, or Greystones, a 
 fishing village in the parish of Kilna- 
 carig, county of Wicklow, on a head- 
 land composed of slate rock, and hav- 
 ing a considerable depth of water near 
 the shore. Close on the beach are 
 the ruins of Rathdown Castle, and at 
 a short distance is a roofless chapel 
 called St Crispin’s Cell. 
 
 GRAYSTOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Sliev- 
 ardagh, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, a part of the corps of 
 the Precentorship of Cashel. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2190. Post-town, Kille- 
 naule. 
 
 GREAN, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Baronies of Coonagh 
 and Clanwilliam, county of Limerick, 
 and Diocese of Emly. See Pallas- 
 Green. 
 
 GREAT ISLAND. See Cove of 
 Cork. 
 
 GREAT ISLAND, an island on the 
 north side of Wexford Harbour, near 
 Breast Island. 
 
 GREAT MAN’S BAY, a Bay on 
 the coast of Galway, which contains a 
 good harbour, constructed by the 
 Fishery Board. 
 
 GREAT SKELLIGS ISLAND. See 
 Skelligs. 
 
 GREELAGH. See Culdaff. 
 
 GREENACH, a parish and curacy 
 in the Barony of Balrotliery, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin, in the 
 Union of Clonmethon. 
 
 GREENAGH, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Barretts, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 5043. Post-town, 
 Cloyne. 
 
 GREENAGUE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Rataoth, county 
 and Archdiocese of Meath. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 291. Post-town, Dub- 
 lin. 
 
GRE OF IRELAND. GRE 
 
 GREENAN,ahill about three miles 
 west of Londonderry, on the shores of 
 Lough Swilly, upwards of 800 feet in 
 height. On the summit is the Aileach, 
 one of the most extensive monuments 
 of the ancient Irish kings. See Ai- 
 leach. 
 
 GREENCASTLE,aharbour on the 
 edge of Lough Foyle, county of Done- 
 gal, about three miles from Moville. 
 Here are the ruins of a castle, for- 
 merly one of the strongholds of the 
 O’Doghertys, the ancient chiefs of the 
 district. 
 
 GREENCASTLE, a village in the 
 parish of Kilkeel, county of Down, at 
 the entrance to Carlingford Bay. The 
 ruins of Greencastle, a strong fortress 
 erected by De Burgh, Earl of Ulster, 
 and believed to have been among the 
 first erected by the English to guard 
 the entrance to the Bay, are two miles 
 from Cranfield Point, the Lighthouse 
 of Haulbowling, and the Coast Guard 
 Station. In this castle was celebrated 
 the marriage of Maurice Fitz-Thomas 
 to Catherine, daughter of the Earl 
 of Ulster, on the 5th of August 1312, 
 and on the 16th of the same month 
 another daughter of that powerful 
 nobleman was married to Thomas 
 Fitz-John. In 1343 the fortress was 
 dilapidated by the Irish, hut it was 
 soon repaired, and at the accession of 
 Henry IV. was governed by a con- 
 stable, to secure the intercourse with 
 the English in Lecade, whose salary 
 was L.20. Of such importance was 
 this castle considered, that in 1495 an 
 act was passed declaring an English- 
 man by birth could only be competent 
 to be governor. It was garrisoned in 
 1641, and was found to be most ad- 
 vantageous in repressing the disaffect- 
 ed in that district. 
 
 GREEN-ISLAND, an island in the 
 harbour of Donaghadee, county of 
 Down. 
 
 GREENMOUNT, a village near the 
 demesne of its name, in the county of 
 Louth, on the road from Drogheda to 
 Dundalk. Near it is a remarkable 
 Danish mound. 
 
 GREEN< >RE POINT, a headland 
 47? 
 
 directly opposite Greencastle, on Car- 
 lingford Bay, at which is a Lighthouse. 
 
 GRENANE, a small village in the 
 county of Wicklow, about three miles 
 from DrumgofF, in Glenmalure. 
 
 GREY-ABBEY, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Ardes, county and Diocese of Down, , 
 on Lough Strangford. The village } 
 of Grey-Abbey is five miles from New- 
 townards, and derives its name from 
 the ruins of the Cistertian monastery, 
 founded in 1192 by the wife of John 
 de Courcy, who was interred here. 
 These venerable ruins are interesting 
 to the stranger, and in the Abbey ' 
 gardens is a holy well inclosed within 
 an arch of richly carved freestone. | 
 Fairs are held at Grey-Abbey on the : 
 28th of March, 22d of June, 29th of 
 October, and 4th of December. 
 
 GREYMAN’S PATH. See Giant’s 
 Causeway. 
 
 GRIANAN OF AILEACH. See 
 Aileach. 
 
 GRIESE, a small rivulet near Bal- 
 lylore. 
 
 GROOMSPORT, a village in the 
 parish of Bangor, county of Down, on 
 a little bay on the south side of Bel- 
 fast Lough. It is a coast-guard sta- 
 tion. The Duke of Schomberg cast | 
 anchor here on the 13th of August 
 1689. 
 
 GUILLAMORE, or Caher-Guil- 
 l a mo re, a seat in the county of Li- 
 merick, which gives the title of Vis- 
 count, in the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the Family of O’Grady. The Right 
 Hon. Standish O’Grady, Lord Chief 
 Baron of the Exchequer of Ireland, 
 was created Viscount Guillamore 
 and Baron O’ Grady in 1831. His J 
 Lordship’s father was Darby O’Grady, ! 
 Esq., of Mount Prospect, county of j 
 Limerick, who had nine sons, of I 
 whom the first Viscount Guillamore 
 was the eldest. 
 
 GUISHDEN, a tributary of the 
 Moy near Foxford in Mayo. 
 
 GULLY, a small stream which 
 enters the Nore in the county of Kil- 
 kenny. 
 
 GUR (LOUGH), a romantic lake 
 
HAR 
 
 HAG THE GAZETTEER 
 
 four miles in circumference, nine miles 
 from Limerick, containing several 
 islands on which are numerous ruins. 
 
 GURRANE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Imokilly, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on 
 Cork Harbour. Post-town, Cloyne. 
 
 G WEE BARR A, a desolate and 
 sterile tract of the north-west coast 
 of Donegal, so lonely as to preclude 
 all idea of habitation. The Gwee- 
 barra river falls into the dreary bay 
 of its name. South extends the great 
 granite plain of Boylagh. 
 
 GWEEDORE, a stream in the 
 county of Donegal, at which the dis- 
 trict of the “ Rosses” commences, and 
 extends southerly 30 miles. The 
 coast of the little Bay of Maghera 
 northwards to the estuary of the 
 Gweedore is, including the sinuosi- 
 ties, upwards of 20 miles in length, 
 and presents vast accumulations of 
 sand constantly drifting and advanc- 
 ing inland by the action of the Atlan- 
 tic. Annagarry hill, 338 feet in height, 
 near the head of the Gweedore es- 
 tuary, is the principal elevation. 
 
 H. 
 
 HACKETSTOWN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Baronies of Rathvilly, 
 county of Carlow, and of Ballinacor, 
 county of Wicklow, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin. The village of Hacketstown, 
 which is 35 Irish miles from Dublin, 
 on the direct road leading through 
 Baltinglass, six miles from that town, 
 is of considerable extent, and is situ- 
 ated near the base of the hills which 
 connect the Wicklow Mountains with 
 those of Blackstairs in Carlow. Se- 
 veral fairs are held throughout the 
 year. Near the village are the resi- 
 dences of High Park, Humewood, and 
 other villas. Population of parish in 
 1831, 4434. 
 
 HAG’S GLEN, a wild romantic 
 glen in the vicinity of the Gap of 
 Dunloe, so called from a legendary 
 enchantress of the olden time. Here 
 are the “ Hag’s Rock,” the “ Hag’s 
 Lough,” a pool having an islet, and 
 the “ Devil’s Lough,” a tarn of a si- 
 milar description. In summer these 
 wilds are pastured by large herds of 
 cattle. 
 
 HAG’S HEAD. See Glanwortii. 
 
 HAGGARD’S-TOWN, a parochial 
 curacy in the Barony of Upper Dun- 
 dalk, county of Louth, and Arch- 
 
 diocese of Armagh, on Dundalk Bay. 
 Post-town, Lurgan-Green. 
 
 HAMILTON’S BAWN, a village 
 in the parish of Mullabrack, county 
 of Armagh, four miles east of the 
 city of Armagh, and a mile and a 
 half from the small town of Ricli- 
 hill. This village was the scene of 
 some horrid cruelties perpetrated 
 in 1641, and is the subject, connected 
 with its ruinous barrack, of some 
 humorous verses by Dean Swift. 
 Fairs are held on the 26th of May and 
 26th of November. 
 
 HARE ISLAND, an island in the 
 enlargement of the Shannon called 
 Lough Ree, which has been greatly 
 improved and ornamented by Vis- 
 count Castlemaine, the proprietor. 
 
 HARE ISLAND, an island oppo- 
 site the Harbour of the town of Gal- 
 way. 
 
 HAROLD’S CROSS. See Dub- 
 lin. 
 
 HARRISTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Rathmore, county of Kil- 
 dare, formerly a burgh, which re- 
 turned two members to the Irish 
 Parliament, and was governed by a So- 
 vereign, Recorder, and Town-Clerk. 
 It is three miles from Kilcullen, and 
 
HEA OF IRELAND. HIL 
 
 near it is the extensive demesne of 
 its name, traversed by the Liffey. 
 Post-town, KilcuUen. 
 
 HARRISTOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, forming the corps of a 
 Prebend in the Barony of Philips- 
 town, King’s County, but locally in 
 the Barony of Ophaly, county of Kil- 
 dare. Population in 1831, 1020. Post- 
 town, Kildare. 
 
 HAULBOWLING, a Light-House 
 near Cranfield Point, at the entrance 
 of Carlingford Bay. See Carling- 
 ford. 
 
 HA WLBOLINE, an island in Cork 
 Harbour, having an extensive Dock- 
 yard and Naval Stores. See Cork. 
 
 HAZLEHATCH, a village in the 
 parish of Newcastle, county of Dub- 
 lin, about ten English miles from 
 that city, and the first stage on the 
 Grand Canal to Ballinasloe. 
 
 HEADFORD, a thriving town in 
 the parishes of Killursa and Kilkil- 
 very, county of Galway, 108£ Irish 
 miles from Dublin, nine miles from 
 Tuam, and ten miles from Cong, on 
 one of the routes from Dublin to 
 the latter place near the east bank 
 of Lough Corrib. Headford is the 
 chief pass from Tuam into Conne- 
 mara, and has a linen and wool- 
 len manufacture, encouraged by Mr 
 St George, the proprietor, whose ele- 
 gant seat in the Elizabethan style 
 adjoins the town in a beautiful de- 
 mesne of 2000 acres. Here are an ele- 
 gant parish church, a Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel, and a Poor House. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1441. 
 
 HEADFORT, a township in the 
 parish and Barony of Kells, county 
 of Meath, on the Blackwater, con- 
 taining Headfort House, the seat of 
 the Marquis of Headfort, a very large 
 plain and substantial mansion, in 
 a most extensive and beautiful de- 
 mesne, traversed by the Blackwater, 
 which forms a fine artificial lake. 
 Sir Thomas Taylour, M.P., descend- 
 ed from a Sussex gentleman, whose 
 son went to Ireland in the train of 
 Sir William Petty about the mid- 
 dle of the 17th century, and was 
 479 
 
 created a Baronet in 1704, was ele- 
 vated to the Peerage in 1760 by the 
 title of Baron Headfort, Viscount 
 Headfort in 1762, and Earl of Bective 
 in 1766. His Lordship died in 1795, 
 and w r as succeeded by his eldest son, 
 created Marquis of Headfort in 1800, 
 and Baron Kenlis in the Peerage of 
 Great Britain in 1831. 
 
 HELEN'S (St), a parochial chapel- 
 ry in the Barony of Forth, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Feme, on 
 the coast. Post-Office, Broadw r ay. 
 
 HEYNSTOWN, or Hainstown, a 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Dundalk, county of Louth, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh. Population in 
 1831. 442. Post-town, Dundalk. 
 
 HILLBROOK, a small village con- 
 nected with that of Coolboye, on the 
 road from Aughrim to Carnew. 
 
 HILLSBOROUGH, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Lower 
 Iveagh, county and Diocese of Down. 
 The town of Hillsborough, formerly 
 a borough, and under the government 
 of a sovereign and his deputy, is 70 
 Irish miles from Dublin, 3£ miles 
 from Lisburn, and ten miles from 
 Belfast. It is a well-built town, 
 pleasantly situated on the slope of a 
 considerably elevated hill, and con- 
 tains the parish church and Market 
 House, both very elegant edifices, the 
 former adorned with three spires, 
 erected by the Marquis of Downshire 
 and his predecessors, the Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel, a Presbyterian, Mora- 
 vian, and Quaker meeting-houses, 
 which are very plain buildings. A 
 considerable linen and cotton manu- 
 facture is carried on in the town and 
 neighbourhood. Here are a large 
 distillery and brewery, and the Lag- 
 gan Canal, from Lough Neagh to 
 Belfast, passes within a mile of the 
 town. Fairs are held on the third 
 Wednesday of each month, and races 
 are exhibited annually on the Maze, 
 a well-known course two miles west. 
 Altogether Hillsborough is one of the 
 most agreeable little towns to be seen 
 in Ireland. But its great attraction is 
 the mansion of Hillsborough, the seat 
 
HOG 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 of the Marquis of Downshire, one 
 front of which faces the main street, 
 and, with the garden and lawn, which 
 are extensive, and kept in the finest 
 order, is separated by the town from 
 the park. The seat is a plain edifice. 
 In the park on the east end of the 
 town are the ruins of the castle erect- 
 ed by Sir Arthur Hill, ancestor of the 
 Marquis of Downshire, in the reign 
 of Charles I., which was constitut- 
 ed a royal fort, and Sir Arthur ap- 
 pointed hereditary keeper, by letters 
 patent, dated the 21st December, 12 
 Charles II., with power to appoint 
 officers and wardens, his heirs and 
 assigns for ever. William IH. occu- 
 pied this castle while his army was 
 encamped on Blarismoor in the neigh- 
 bourhood. Among the villas in 
 the vicinity are those of Culcary, 
 Eglantine, Carnbane, and Shamrock 
 Vale. Hillsborough gives the title 
 of Earl to the Marquis of Downshire. 
 Population of town in 1831, 1453 ; of 
 parish, 6386. 
 
 HILLTOWN, a village in the coun- 
 ty of Down, about two miles south of 
 Newry, at which the roads from New- 
 ry to Bryansford and from Rathfri 
 land to Rosstrevor meet. The village 
 is situated near the base of the Eagle 
 Mountain, one of the highest of the 
 Mourne range, the Upper Bann issu- 
 ing from it, and watering the bleach- 
 greens at the village. Fairs are held 
 at Hilltown on the second Tuesday 
 of each month, and on the 2d of No- 
 vember. 
 
 HINE, a stream w-hich waters the 
 extensive demesne of Moate Park, the 
 seat of Lord Crofton, three miles from 
 the town of Roscommon. 
 
 HOG ISLAND, an island opposite 
 Scattery Island, in the estuary of the 
 Shannon, off the Clare shore. 
 
 HOG ISLANDS, a cluster of seven 
 islands, called the Seven Hogs, in the 
 parish of Killagheny, county of Kerry, 
 also called the Magheries , in front of 
 Tralee Bay, and serve as a break- 
 water to the swell of the Atlantic 
 rushing into a sheltered creek run- 
 ning in off Ballinskelligs Bay, on the 
 480 
 
 HOL 
 
 shore of which creek is the far-famed 
 residence of Darrynane Abbey. 
 
 HOLLYMOUNT, a post- village in 
 the parish of Kilcommon, county of 
 Mayo, watered by the Robe, five miles 
 from the town of Claremorris, eleven 
 and a half miles from Tuam, and 111 | 
 Irish miles from Dublin. In this i 
 quarter are the demesnes of Holly- ! 
 mount, Clooncormac, Bloomfield, and f 
 Lehinch. 
 
 HOLLYWOOD, a parish, rectory ; 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower j 
 Talbotstown, county of Wicklow, and ' 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. The village j 
 of Hollywood is near the demesne of j 
 Hollywood, from which a good road j 
 is constructed to Rathdrum by the 
 Seven Churches. The village is about 
 six miles from Blessington, and up- 
 wards of one mile from the romantic 
 fall of Phoul-a-Phuca. Population in 
 1831, 2850. 
 
 HOLLYWOOD, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Balrothery, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 on the road from that city to Naul. 
 Population in 1831, 1022. Post-town, 
 Balbriggan. 
 
 HOLYWOOD, a parish andimpro- 1 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Castle- | 
 reagh, county and Diocese of Down, ! 
 extending along the south-eastern , 
 shore of Belfast Lough. The surface j 
 is diversified, and the hills are arable 
 to near the summit. These hills ex- 
 tend from the townlands of Strands- 
 town and Bally cloghan to that of Bal- 
 lydavy, and the two highest are called 
 Barbadoes and Standard Hill, the for- 
 mer very steep. The plantations are 
 extensive, and limestone is found in 
 the vicinity of Holywood, Cultra, and 
 Ballymahon. Among the numerous 
 seats and villas may be mentioned 
 Holywood House. Conn’s Brook, Bal- 
 lymeecban, Richmond Lodge, Clifton, j 
 Westbrook, Ballymena, Cultra, Crag- j 
 avad, Rockport, Castlehill, Belmont, j 
 Greenville, and Bloomfield. The pa- j 
 rish church is an old edifice, and here | 
 was an ancient Franciscan monastery, j 
 every vestige of which has disappear- , 
 ed. The thriving little town of Holy- j 
 
HOL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 HOR 
 
 wood, about five miles from Belfast, 
 is a favourite sea-bathing summer re- 
 sort, close on the shore of Belfast 
 
 • Lough, the situation extremely beau- 
 I tiful. It contains numbers of good 
 j houses, and has excellent accommo- 
 dation for visitors. Near this town 
 
 • are several places where vessels of 
 i from 40 to 100 tons can float at high 
 
 water, but lower down, at Cultra, 
 Rockport, and Effy’s Port, vessels of 
 I from 200 to 300 tons can anchor. Po- 
 1 pulation in 1831, 1288 ; of parish, 4693. 
 
 | HOLMPATRICK, a parish and 
 impropriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Balrothery, county and Archdiocese 
 ! of Dublin, on the coast. St Patrick 
 is supposed to have landed here after 
 his repulse at Anat-Cul train, and on 
 ! the island of Inis-Patrick, upwards of 
 a mile from the shore, a Priory for 
 ! Canons Regular was founded by Si- 
 tric, which was removed to Holm- 
 ! Patrick in the beginning of the thir- 
 teenth century. It contains the vil- 
 ' lage of Skerries. Population in 1831, 
 3109. Post-town, Balbriggan. 
 
 HOLY CROSS ABBEY, on the 
 banks of the Suir, four miles from 
 j Thurles on the road to Tipperary by 
 i Dundrum, was founded by Donald 
 O’Brien, King of Munster, in 1182, 
 and is said to have been erected in 
 honour of a piece of the true Cross 
 sent by Pope Pascal II. to Murtough, 
 King of Ireland, in 1110, and which 
 wonderful relic is still in the posses- 
 sion of the Roman Catholic priests of 
 the place. The Abbey is one of the 
 finest remains of the pointed Gothic 
 architecture in the kingdom, and the 
 extent of the ruins, and the splendour 
 of the workmanship of the towers and 
 arches, render the edifice a most in- 
 teresting object. Several chapels and 
 much of the principal buildings, the 
 erection of different periods, are in 
 tolerable preservation. Two chapels, 
 ten feet square, on the south side of 
 the choir, are quite entire, arched, and 
 supported by double Gothic arcades, 
 with curiously twisted pillars of black 
 marble. Here is the magnificent tomb 
 of Lady Eleanor Butler, fourth Count- 
 481 
 
 ess of Desmond, which is erroneously 
 called the tomb of Donald O’Brien, 
 the founder. The Countess died in 
 1392, and is supposed to have rebuilt 
 the Abbey church. William O’Dwyer 1 
 was the last Abbot, and this noble ! 
 Abbey and its extensive possessions 
 were granted by Queen Elizabeth, in 
 the fifth year of her reign, to Thomas 
 Earl of Ormond in capite , at the annual 
 rent of L.15, 10s. 4d. It appeal’s from 
 Camden and other writers, that the 
 possession of the piece of the true 
 Cross caused an incredible number of 
 persons of all ranks to resort to the 
 Abbey, to view the holy relic. In j 
 1559 the great O’Neil made a pilgrim- 
 age thither, as did one of the Des- 
 monds in 1579. Dr Milne describes 
 this relic as being about two and a 
 half inches long, and half an inch 
 broad, but very thin. It is inserted 
 in the lower shaft of a curiously form- 
 ed wooden archiepiscopal cross, and ; 
 inclosed in a gilt case. The poor vil- 
 ' lage of Holy Cross is in the parish of 
 | its name, which is a perpetual curacy | 
 
 I in the Diocese of Cashel, Barony of 
 Eliogarty, and county of Tipperary, j 
 Several fairs are held here. Popula- 
 tion of parish in 1831, 2935. Post- 
 town, Thurles. 
 
 HOLY ISLAND. Sec Lough Derg. \ 
 
 HOLY ISLAND, an island in the j 
 expansion of the Shannon called Lough 
 Derg, half a mile from the shore, on 
 which are an ancient church tower 
 and some church ruins. This island 
 also has its Patrick's Purgatory, and 
 is a great resort of devotees. 
 
 HOOK-HEAD, a peninsula in the 
 parish of Fethard, county of Wicklow, 
 on which is a lighthouse, an ancient 
 pillar tower being converted to that 
 purpose. See Fethard. 
 
 HORE ABBEY, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, in which are the ruins 
 of a splendid abbey founded for Bene- 
 dictine monks, and afterwards con- 
 ferred on the Cistertians. See Ca- 
 shel. 
 
 HORETOWN, a parish and rectory 
 2 s 
 
HOW 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 HOW 
 
 in the Barony of Shelmalier, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. 
 Population in 1831, 1149. Post-town, 
 Taghmon. 
 
 HORN-HEAD, a dreary headland 
 in the parish of Clondahorkey, county 
 of Donegal, bounded on the east by 
 Sheephaven, and on the west by the 
 Atlantic. The highest summit is 830 
 feet above the sea. See Dunfanaghy. 
 
 HORSE (Glen of the). See Kil- 
 
 | LARNEY. 
 
 HORSE ISLAND, an island in Cas- 
 tlemaine Harbour, county of Cork, 
 comprising about 60 acres of excellent 
 ! arable land. A tower is erected as a 
 land mark for vessels. 
 
 HORSE ISLAND, an island off the 
 coast of Cork, in Roaring-Water Bay, 
 consisting of upwards of 90 acres, and 
 containing copper mines of consider- 
 able value. 
 
 HORSE-LEAP, a locality three 
 miles from Kilbeggan, near which 
 the road enters a narrow point of the 
 King’s County. 
 
 HORSE-PASS-BRIDGE, a village 
 in the Barony of Talbotstown, on the 
 Liffey, five miles from Blessington, 
 on the boundary line of the counties 
 of Dublin and Kildare, but in the 
 county of Wicklow. 
 
 HORTLAND, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Ballysculloge, county of Kil- 
 dare, six miles from Kilcock. See 
 Cloncurry. 
 
 HOSPITAL, a village noted for its 
 cattle and horse fairs, three miles east 
 of the town of Bruff, in the county of 
 Limerick. Population in 1831, 1131. 
 
 HOWTH, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Coolock, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. The little 
 town of Howth, nine English miles 
 from Dublin, and a great resort of 
 the citizens for recreation and amuse- 
 ment, extends along the north side of 
 the Hill of Howth, and consists of one 
 long street, chiefly inhabited by fisher- 
 men, who supply the Dublin markets. 
 The parish church is at the entrance 
 of the town, and in this street are the 
 Roman Catholic chapel and Hotel. 
 Races are annually held, and from the 
 482 
 
 heights splendid views are obtained 
 of the Bay of Dublin, the city, and its 
 environs. In the centre of the town 
 are the venerable ruins of Howth 
 Abbey, founded in the thirteenth cen- 
 tury, and inclosed by a battlemented 
 wall, within which are the remains of 
 an edifice called the College. George 
 IV. landed at Howth on the 12th day 
 of August 1821. The peninsula of 
 Howth contains about 1500 acres, and 
 except towards the low isthmus con- 
 necting it with the mainland stands 
 in deep water. The sound between 
 this peninsula and the island of Ire- 
 land’s Eye on the north side, well 
 sheltered, and having a good depth of 
 water, was selected by Government 
 for an Asylum and Packet Harbour in 
 1807; and the works, which were 
 completed under the direction of Mr 
 Rennie, consist of two piers, that on 
 the east 2493 feet long, and that on the 
 west 2020 feet. On the extremity of 
 the eastern pier is a Lighthouse. The 
 entrance between the piers is 300 feet, 
 and the space inclosed is 52 English 
 acres. The entire amount expended 
 on Howth Harbour, from July 1807 to 
 January 1832, was L. 420,472, and pro- 
 bably since 1832, with the additional 
 sums, may now be stated generally at 
 L.500,000. It is provoking to know, 
 that notwithstanding the expenditure 
 of this large sum, this Harbour is 
 never likely to answer for large ves- 
 sels, as immense quantities of rock 
 occur not only within it, but even at 
 the entrance. It is moreover rapidly 
 filling up with mud, and is now aban- 
 doned as a Packet Station. The deep- 
 est and best anchorage is left outside 
 of the piers ; one-half of the space in- 
 closed is dry at half ebb, and two- 
 thirds at low water. 
 
 On a detached rock at the south- 
 eastern extremity, called the Bailey 
 of Howth, is a Lighthouse, marking 
 the northern entrance of the Bay of 
 Dublin ; and a little to the north, on 
 the brow of the promontory above, is 
 another Lighthouse now disused, from 
 the greater loftiness of its situation, 
 which caused it to be often obscured 
 
IBR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 IFF 
 
 by mists. The Bailey rock is a cor- 
 ruption of Bally, from Ballium, a 
 town or habitation , a name applied to 
 the ancient circular fortress which 
 crowned its summit, said to have been 
 erected by the Danes, and supplanted 
 by the Lighthouse buildings, which 
 stand out boldly among the waves, on 
 the lofty and precipitous conical rock, 
 connected with the land by a bridge. 
 In this quarter are two remarkably 
 pointed rocks, on the south side of the 
 promontory, known as the Needles , 
 and also as the Candlesticks. The 
 Hill of Howth contains much to in- 
 terest the geologist, and is generally 
 composed of quartz rock and clay 
 slate, between which is frequently in- 
 terposed a stone of an intermediate 
 character. A huge bed of porphyritic 
 greenstone is also visible on the south 
 side. It is supposed that the Hill was 
 anciently covered with wood, and that 
 it was a chief seat of the Druids, one 
 of whose altars is still seen in a se- 
 questered glen. 
 
 The whole peninsula is the pro- 
 perty of the Earl of Howth, and has 
 been in possession of that Noble Fa- 
 mily since it was granted to Sir Amo- 
 rey Tristram by right of conquest in 
 1177. His Lordship’s residence near 
 the Harbour is an old plain embattled 
 edifice flanked by towers, and situ- 
 ated in a small demesne. The an- 
 
 Howth was Tristram, and was changed 
 to that of St Lawrence in consequence 
 of a member of the family defeating 
 a body of invaders on St Lawrence’s 
 Day near Clontarf. Sir Amorey 
 Tristram was the brother-in-law of 
 Sir John de Courcy. He was killed 
 in 1189, in a battle with O’Connor, 
 King of Connaught, and was succeed- 
 ed by his eldest son as second Baron, 
 from whom descended Sir Robert St 
 Lawrence, the 15th Baron, appointed 
 Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1483. 
 Thomas, the 27th Baron, was created 
 Viscount St Lawrence and Earl of 
 Howth in 1 767. Christopher, the 20th 
 Baron, was generally known as the 
 Blind Lord. 
 
 HUGGINSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Aughaviller, county of Kil- 
 kenny, at which several cattle fairs 
 are held. 
 
 HUNGRY HILL, a stupendous and 
 most conspicuous mountain in the 
 county of Cork, 2248 feet high, down 
 which a stream is precipitated 700 feet, 
 and can be distinguished from the 
 high grounds above the town of Ban- 
 try, a distance of fourteen Irish miles 
 See Bantry. 
 
 HUNTLY GLEN, a glen below the 
 town of Bannbridge in the county of 
 Down, in which is a large thread- spin- 
 ning factory ; and near it, at Sea-Pa- 
 trick, is an extensive establishment 
 
 cient family name of the Earl3 of ' for weaving cloth by machinery. 
 
 IAR-CONNAUGHT. See Conne- 
 mara. 
 
 IBERIUS (ST), a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Forth, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, near Lough Salt. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 543. Post-town, 
 Broadway. 
 
 IBRICKEN, a Barony of the coun- 
 ty of Clare, between the Atlantic and 
 the Barony of Islands, almost entirely 
 occupied -by mountains, and divided 
 483 
 
 into three parishes. Several inhabited 
 islands belong to it. 
 
 IDAGH, a Barony of the county of 
 Kilkenny, almost entirely agricultural, 
 divided into 13 parishes. 
 
 IDRONE, a fertile Barony of the 
 county of Carlow, divided into 13 pa- 
 rishes, bounded on the west by the 
 river Barrow, and on the east by the 
 Blackstairs Mountains. 
 
 IFF A and OFF A, an extensive and 
 populous united Barony of the county 
 
IN A THE GAZETTEER INC 
 
 of Tipperary, comprising 29 parishes, 
 and the towns of Clonmel, Carrick-on- 
 Suir, and Cahir. It is fertile, and is 
 a great agricultural district, watered 
 by the Suir. 
 
 IGHTERMTJRROGH, a parish in 
 the Barony of Imokilly, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Clyne, on the 
 Phoenix river. Post-town, Castle- 
 Martyr. 
 
 IKEATHY, a Barony in the north 
 part of the county of Kildare, divided 
 into eight parishes, and containing the 
 market-town of Kilcock. It is a fer- 
 tile district, traversed by the Black- 
 water and several of its tributaries. 
 It includes the old Barony of Ough- 
 ' terony. 
 
 IKERRIN, a populous Barony of 
 ! the county of Tipperary, divided into 
 j nine parishes, and containing the 
 market-town of Roscrea. The sur- 
 i face is generally level and fertile, 
 though considerably incumbered with 
 ! bog. It gives the title of Viscount to 
 , the Earl of Carrick. 
 
 IMOKILLY, a very extensive, po- 
 1 pulous, and fertile Barony of the 
 county of Cork, extending along the 
 coast, divided into 18 parishes, and 
 containing the market-towns of Cas- 
 i tle-Martyr, Middletown, Youghal, and 
 j the old decayed episcopal city of 
 ! Cloyne. The eastern limits of this 
 j Barony are in a superior condition, 
 but the dwellings of the peasantry, in 
 the districts remote from the sea, are 
 in a most discreditable state. The 
 | soil of the low grounds is inferior to 
 j none in the richest southern coun- 
 ; ties, and rests upon a substratum of 
 limestone. One of the great disad- 
 vantages is the scarcity of fuel. Se- 
 j veral large proprietors reside in this 
 i Barony. 
 
 INA (LOUGH), a beautiful lake in 
 i the county of Galway, which receives 
 ! the numerous streams which issue 
 from the slopes of Binabola, or the 
 j Twelve Pins. It is the most northerly 
 of the chain of lakes which lie at the 
 j base of the Pins. On the south side 
 : the mountain cliffs are magnificent, 
 and rise in one place to the height of 
 484 
 
 1200 feet, displaying a grand perpen- : 
 dicular naked precipice. The vale of i 
 Ina sweeps along the eastern bound- 
 ary of the Binabola Mountains, and 
 at its mouth is the insulated hill of j 
 Coolnacarton, 900 feet high, from the ! 
 summit of which are seen Loughs i 
 Ballynahinch, DerrycJare, and Ina. 
 The two distinct ranges of Binabola 
 are connected by the elevated Pass of 
 Maam Ina. 
 
 INCH, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of Imokilly, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on 
 the sea-coast. Post-town, Cloyne. 
 
 INCH, a parish and rectory in the ! 
 Barony of Lecale, county and Dio- 
 cese of Down, which, with the rectory 
 of Ardkeen and vicarage of Witter, 
 constitutes the corps of the Prebend 
 of St Andrews. The old abbey of 
 Inch, or Inniscourcy, now a very di- 
 lapidated ruin, was erected by John | 
 de Courcy for monks of the Cister- 
 tian Order in 1180, and occupies an 
 island or peninsula in Strangford 
 Lough, nearly opposite Downpatrick. 
 
 It was in the form of a cross, and had 
 a lofty belfry on the south side, of 
 which there are no remains, except the 
 elegantly constructed arch on which 
 it stood. Little is to be seen of the 
 church, except the east end or chan- 
 cel, which has three noble lancet win- 
 dows, upwards of 20 feet high in the 
 east wall, and two windows of a simi- 
 lar form in each of the side walls. 
 
 On the south side of the altar are the 
 vestiges of the seats for the admini- 
 stering priest and his assistants. The 
 south door is embellished with a piece 
 of ancient sculpture representing 
 Christ on the cross, and a person 
 kneeling, in the attitude of praying, 
 with uplifted hands. The sepulchral 
 monuments are completely obscured 
 by weeds and rubbish. In this church 
 was buried Sir James Melville, sup- 
 posed to be a descendant of the fa- 
 mous Knight who was Secretary to 
 the Scotish Queen Mary, and author 
 of the Memoirs which pass under his 
 name. The date over the scutcheon of 
 the arms is 1628. Although De Courcy 
 
INC OF IRELAND. INC 
 
 founded this abbey, there appears to 
 have been a more ancient one on the 
 peninsula. Population in 1831, 2746. 
 Post-town, Downpatrick. 
 
 INCH, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of Gorey, county 
 of Wexford, and Archdiocese of Dub- 
 lin, including the village of Coolgrany. 
 Population in 1831, 1487. Post-town, 
 Arklow. 
 
 INCH, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Shelmalier, county of Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 407. Post-town, Tagh- 
 mon. 
 
 INCH. See Inch-Island. 
 
 INCHAGEELAH, a village in the 
 parish of Eveleary, or Iucliageclah, 
 county of Cork, on the river Lee, 
 near the lakes of Allua and Gougane 
 Barra, in the centre of a most ro- 
 mantic and mountainous district. It 
 i is a poor, small, straggling place, half- 
 ; way from Macroom to Gougane, with- 
 out trade or manufactures, and con- 
 | tains the plain white-washed parish 
 ; church, a parsonage, a Roman Catlio- 
 i lie chapel, a Police Barrack, and a lit- 
 i tie public-house, or hostelry, at which 
 : those pilgrims to and from St Fin- 
 bar’s hermitage in Gougane (see Gou- 
 i gane), whose exchequer is not ex- 
 ! hausted, quench their drouth , and 
 | may perchance procure some kind of 
 accommodation if their desires are 
 moderate, which is doubtless invari- 
 1 ably the case, for Pat when on his 
 ! pilgrimages is generally as poor as a 
 ' l rat ; but as he does penance for his 
 ; sins by these eccentric peregrinations, 
 he probably thinks he obtains a suf- 
 ! ficient equivalent. At all events, if 
 i the pilgrims to St Finbar’s hermitage 
 ] cannot afford to regale themselves in 
 the shebeen of Inchageelah, they will 
 receive advice as to their route. Near 
 the village is the lofty tower of Car- 
 rignacurra, or the Weir Rock, from 
 an ancient weir which here crosses 
 the Lee. The castle is situated on a 
 gentle eminence over the river, and 
 tradition assigns the erection to the 
 MacCarthys, and also to Saibh O’Car- 
 rol. It was subsequently held by the 
 485 
 
 O’Learys, but was forfeited by Der- 
 mod Oge O’Leary, who thought pro- 
 per to join in the wars of Desmond 
 and Tyrone. The tower is lighted 
 by a few loopholes and lancet win- 
 dows, and is now used as a cow-house 
 and granary. It is surrounded by 
 thriving plantations, which vary the 
 monotony of the surrounding scenery. 
 
 INCHCLORIN, Inchcloyne, Inch- 
 enagh, and Inchgarra, islets in the 
 expansion of the Shannon called Lough 
 Ree. 
 
 INCHCRON ANE, an island formed 
 by a rivulet in the Barony of Bun- 
 ratty, county of Clare, on which an 
 abbey for Canons Regular was found- 
 ed by Donald O’Brien, King of Mun- 
 ster, in 1190. 
 
 INCHICRONANE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Bunratty, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 4G03. Post- 
 town, Ennis. 
 
 INCHIHOLOGIIAN, or Castle- 
 Incii, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Shillelogher, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 forming, with the vicarage of Tullo- 
 hambrogue and the prebend of Out- 
 rath, the corps of the Chancellorship 
 of the Diocese. Population in 1831, 
 472. Post-town, Kilkenny. 
 
 INCHINABRACKY, or Rocks- 
 borough, a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Barrymore, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne, forming part 
 of the corps of the Treasurership of 
 that Diocese. Population in 1831, 515. 
 Post-town, Castle-Martyr. 
 
 INCHIQUJN, an inland Barony of 
 the county of Clare, divided into seven 
 parishes. This district abounds with 
 limestone, which is of the greatest 
 advantage in reclaiming bogs. The 
 eastern part is level, having a rather 
 light soil, and the western part is 
 moory and hilly, but containing nu- 
 merous fertile valleys. The principal 
 place in this Barony is the small poor 
 town of Curofin, near the lakes of 
 Inchiquin and Tedano. There are 
 numerous lakes of less magnitude 
 and numerous pools. Close to Lough 
 
INC 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 INI 
 
 Inehiquin are the ruins of a castle 
 once the residence of that branch of 
 the ancient and Noble Family of 
 O’Brien, now Marquises of Tliomond, 
 to whom the Barony gives the title of 
 Earl. The O’Briens are descended 
 from the famous Brien Boromhe, Mo- 
 narch of Ireland, killed at the battle 
 of Clontarf in 1014. William O’Brien, 
 sixth Baron of Incliiquin, was ad- 
 vanced to the dignity of Earl of Inchi- 
 quin in 1654. This Nobleman was dis- 
 tinguished in the military affairs of 
 ] Ireland during the domination of 
 Cromwell, first serving under the Re- 
 publican banners and then becoming 
 a Royalist. See Thomond. 
 
 INCH-ISLAND, an islandin Lough 
 Swilly, belonging to the Barony of 
 Ennishowen, county of Donegal, and 
 a parochial chapelry in the Diocese of 
 Derry. This is the only island in 
 Lough Swilly, and comprises about 
 3040 acres, which are chiefly under 
 pasture and tillage, the surface rising 
 at Inch Top to 737 feet. It is of a 
 conical shape, and lies a mile off 
 Churchtown, and is separated by a 
 deep and narrow chanuel from Rath- 
 mullen. The shortest ferry is up- 
 wards of a mile from Burnfoot Bridge, 
 at a locality called Quingley’s Point. 
 On the island are the residence of 
 Inch House, the village of Inch, in 
 which are the small parish church, 
 Roman Catholic chapel, and Presby- 
 terian meeting-house, and Down Fort 
 on the north side, a barrack occasion- 
 ally garrisoned. Population in 1831, 
 1135. Post-town, Buncrana. 
 
 INCH-ISLAND, or Innis-Courcy. 
 See Inch. 
 
 INCH-ISLAND, a small island at 
 the entrance of the Shannon into 
 Lough Allen, county of Leitrim, on 
 which are the ruins of a religious 
 house said to have been erected by 
 one St Beorg. The cemetery adjoin- 
 ing is a favourite burying-place. 
 
 INCHKENNY, or Lnis-Kenny, a 
 parish and rectory in the county of 
 the city and Diocese of Cork, forming 
 the corps of a prebend in the Cathe- 
 dral. Post-town, Cork. 
 
 486 
 
 INCHMORE, a small island in 
 Lough Gouna, county of Cavan, on 
 which are some uninteresting church 
 ruins. 
 
 INCHMORE, a peninsula almost in- 
 sulated by the Nore, about four miles 
 from Kilkenny, containing the mag- 
 nificent ruins of Inchmore Castle, con- 
 sisting of a strong square keep of con- 
 siderable antiquity, attached to which 
 is what was a fine mansion of the 
 Elizabethan style. This edifice was 
 built by Robert Grace, Baron of 
 Courtstown, who died in 1639 or 1640, 
 and was inhabited by his eldest son, 
 Oliver Grace, who died before him in 
 1637. The situation of Inchmore 
 Castle is remarkably beautiful. 
 
 INIS, Innis, or Ennis, in Irish de- 
 notes an island, and is the prefix to 
 the names of numerous islands and 
 localities, of which the subjoined are 
 examples. 
 
 INIS-BEG, an island off the coast of 
 Donegal. The name Inis-beg signi- 
 fies the little island, and is applied to 
 many in different parts of Ireland. 
 
 INISBEGAL, an island off the 
 coast of Mayo, in the direction of Clew’ 
 Bay. 
 
 INISBOFIN, an island due south of 
 Tory Island, and west of Horn Head, 
 county of Donegal. 
 
 INISBOFIN, an island in Lough 
 Ree, county of Longford, on which it 
 is alleged a nephew of St Patrick 
 founded an abbey, plundered by the 
 Danes in 1089. 
 
 INISCALTRA, an island in the 
 Bay of Scariff, county of Clare. It 
 belongs to the parish of Iniscultra, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 2198. Post- 
 town, Killaloe. 
 
 INISCARAGH, a small inhabited 
 island belonging to the parish of 
 Templecroan, cdunty of Donegal. 
 
 INISCARRA, a parish, prebend 
 and rectory, in the Barony of Bar- 
 retto, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, on the Lee. The charter- 
 school w as founded in 1760 by Sir J. 
 C. Colthert, Bart., and endowed with 
 a grant of land. Post-town, Cork. 
 
INI OF IRELAND. INI 
 
 INISCATERY. See Scattery. 
 
 INISCATERY, or Stoney Isle, an 
 island on Lough Ree, county of Long- 
 ford. 
 
 INISDONEY, or Inchidoney, a 
 small island in the lower division of 
 Lough Erne, county of Fermanagh. 
 
 INISFALLEN, a beautiful and ro- 
 mantic little island in the parish of 
 Killarney, county of Kerry, in the 
 Lower Lake of Killarney, finely wood- 
 ed, and abounding with undulating 
 lawns and shady groves. A monas- 
 tery was founded here near the end of 
 the sixth century by St Finian, sur- 
 named the Leper , son of Alild, King 
 of Munster, and a disciple of St Bren- 
 dan. The inhabitants of the sur- 
 rounding district usually deposited 
 their valuables in the Abbey of Innis- 
 fallen, which caused the massacre of 
 the monks and the destruction of the 
 edifice by the MacCarthys in 1180, who 
 seized and carried off whatever they 
 found. The ruins of the Abbey are 
 insignificant, but the doorway of a 
 small chapel now used as a banquet- 
 ing room for visitors, is a beautiful 
 specimen of ornamental Saxon. The 
 Annals of Innisfallen are considered 
 valuable in the illustration of ancient 
 Irish history. They were composed 
 in the fourteenth century, and are 
 now in Trinity College, Dublin. This 
 copy, however, is less ancient than 
 the one in the Duke of Buckingham’s 
 Library at Stowe, and that in the 
 Bodleian Library at Oxford is the 
 oldest. This latter is on parchment, 
 and contains 57 leaves. The earlier 
 part consists of extracts from the Old 
 Testament, and a compendium of 
 universal history much mutilated, 
 down to the arrival of St Patrick in 
 A.D. 432, after which Irish affairs are 
 solely treated, terminating in 1319. 
 This island is the subject of Moore’s 
 beautiful song — “ Sweet Inisfallen, 
 fare thee well.” Among the objects 
 pointed out to strangers, besides the 
 Abbey, oratory, and others, are the 
 Bed of Honour , a hawthorn rearing 
 itself in a singular spot, a large holly 
 tree, and a wonderful crab tree called 
 487 
 
 the Eye of the Needle . This name is 
 given from a hole caused by the tree 
 rising with a double trunk, and again 
 uniting. If a gentleman thrusts him- 
 self through this aperture he is en- 
 sured of long life , and ladies who are 
 in a certain way may rely on safety in 
 childbirth ! The hawthorn grows in 
 the Abbey ruins, in the fracture of an 
 old uninscribed gravestone, thought 
 to cover the grave of one of the 
 friars. The Bed of Honour is at the 
 north-westextremity, looking towards 
 Rabbit Island. It is a shady recess 
 above the rocks forming the shore, on 
 a ledge of one of which Mr Hallam, 
 the distinguished author of the “ His- 
 tory of the Middle Ages,” broke his 
 leg in 1825. Some allege that the 
 name originated from the Duke of 
 Rutland, Lord Lieutenant, who visit- 
 ed the island, and here reclined after 
 a night’s carousal. Another story is 
 that a Limerick heiress of L.5000 per 
 annum fled thither with her lover, to 
 escape the infliction of a Baronet ac- 
 ceptable to her father. They here 
 passed the night, but with honour un- 
 tarnished, and on the following morn- 
 ing were discovered by the lady’s 
 father and the Baronet. The lover, 
 imagining that the latter would no 
 longer persist in his addresses, rashly 
 offered to resign his claims if the Ba- 
 ronet was willing to accept the lady 
 as his wife after what had passed, and 
 to his mortification a hearty assent 
 was given, the Baronet gallantly de- 
 claring that he had u too much confi- 
 dence in his rival’s honour to have 
 doubted it for an instant.” Mr Inglis 
 thus notices Inisfallen : — “ Never saw 
 I such ash trees as are here — never 
 such magnificent hollies. A walk 
 round this little paradise well repays 
 one. Although the island contains 
 scarcely 20 acres, it offers a wonder- 
 ful variety of scenery — little emerald 
 lawns, forest glades in miniature, syl- 
 van amphitheatres, groves, bowers, 
 and thickets of evergreens and flower- 
 ing shrubs, and magnificent single 
 trees, worthy of a primeval forest. 
 Lord Kenmare is the owner of Inis- 
 
INI THE GAZETTEER INI 
 
 fallen, and also of Ross Island, another 
 large and beautiful island in the 
 Lower Lake.” 
 
 INISFREE, an island about three 
 miles west of Dungloe, in the parish 
 of Templecroan, county of Donegal. 
 
 INISFREE, or Inis-Gloria, a rocky 
 islet in the parish of Kilmore, county 
 of Mayo, at the entrance of Broad 
 Harbour, in the Mullet. 
 
 INISGOULA, an island in Clew 
 Bay, county of Mayo. 
 
 INISHANNON, or Inishonan, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 ronies of Carbery and Kinnalea, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Cork. The post- 
 town of Inishannon, about ten miles 
 from Cork, is pleasantly situated on 
 the Bandon, here a tidal river, and 
 navigable for vessels of considerable 
 burden from Kinsale. The town 
 contains some good houses, and some 
 business is done in the bleaching and 
 linen trade. The neighbourhood is 
 adorned by numerous villas on the 
 banks of the river, both above and 
 below the town. Population of town 
 in 1831, 653 ; of parish, 3840. 
 
 INISHARK, or Sark, an inhabited 
 island near the entrance to the Kil- 
 lery Harbour, county of Mayo. 
 
 INISHEGIL, an island off the Erris 
 coast of Mayo, in Bullan Bay. 
 
 INISHERK, a small island off the 
 coast of Galway. 
 
 1NISHERKIN, or Sherkin, a large 
 island off the coast of Cork, between 
 Clare Island and Baltimore Bay, on 
 which a Franciscan Friary was found- 
 ed in the fifteenth century by O’Dris- 
 col. In 1537 the citizens of Water- 
 ford thought proper to despoil this 
 island and demolish the village. Post- 
 town, Bandon. 
 
 INISHOWEN, or Ennishowen, a 
 Barony of the county of Donegal, of a 
 peninsular form, four miles in breadth, 
 being the tract between the inlets of 
 Loughs Foyle and Swilly. It is divid- 
 ed into twelve parishes, and contains 
 the post-town of Buncrana. The sur- 
 face is mountainous, and it is by no 
 means either an inviting or interest- 
 ing district. Before the revenue po- 
 488 
 
 lice force was established, smuggling 
 was carried on to such an extent that 
 most of the grain raised in the dis- 
 trict was consumed for that purpose. 
 Inishowen Head is 133£ Irish miles 
 from Dublin, and 1 1 miles from Car- 
 rowkeel by Moville. The village, 
 church, and demesne of Culdaff, are 
 between Inishowen Head and Malin 
 Head, eight miles from Moville. In 
 August 1831 the Earl of Belfast, eldest 
 son of the Marquis of Donegal, was 
 created a British Peer by the title of 
 Baron Ennishowen. 
 
 INISKEA, two islands, one of which 
 comprises 140 acres, and the other 
 about 20 acres, in the parish of Kil- 
 more, county of Mayo. 
 
 INISKEANE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kinnagh, county of Cork, 
 seven miles from Bandon, on the road 
 to Dunmanway and Bantry, pleasantly 
 situated in a flat and fertile tract 
 stretching along the Bandon river. 
 
 INISKEEL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Boylagh, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 Raphoe, on the sea-coast. The island 
 of Iniskeel belongs to this parish. 
 Population in 1831, 8266. See Narin. 
 
 INISKEEN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Donagh- 
 moyne, county of Monaghan, and Dio- 
 cese of Clogher, on the Fane river. 
 Post-town, Carrickmacross. 
 
 INISKERRY, also called Mutton 
 Island, an island belonging to the pa- 
 rish of Kilmurry, county of Clare. 
 
 INISKERRY. See Enniskerry. 
 
 INISKILLING. See Enniskillen. 
 
 INISKTRAVA, an island in the 
 parish of Moyrus, county of Galway. 
 
 INISLACKEN, an island belonging 
 to the parish of Moyrus, county of 
 Galway. 
 
 INISLEAGUE, a small island in 
 Clew Bay, county of Mayo. 
 
 INISLIRE, one of the alleged three 
 hundred islands in Clew Bay. 
 
 INISLOUGH, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Iffa and Offa, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Lismore, on the Suir, and partly in 
 the Barony of Glenaheiry, county of 
 
INI OF IRELAND. INI 
 
 Waterford. One St Mochoemoc found- 
 ed an abbey here in the seventh cen- 
 tury, and there is a holy well in great 
 | repute for the miraculous properties it 
 ! is said to possess. Population in 1831, 
 1550. Post-town, Clonmel. 
 
 INISMACSAINT, an island in 
 Lough Erne, county of Fermanagh. 
 
 INISMAKEERAGH, an island in 
 the parish of Templecroan, county of 
 Donegal. 
 
 INISMORE, an island in Lough 
 Gill, county of Sligo, about two miles 
 in length and one in breadth, former- 
 ly called Church Island. It contains 
 the picturesque ruins of a church said 
 to have been founded by St Loman, 
 the contemporary of St Columb. The 
 holy well has been long a resort of 
 pilgrims on the patron day ; and a ca- 
 vity of a rock near the church door, 
 called Our Lady's Bed , is believed to 
 possess the miraculous property of 
 preserving women from the dangers 
 of childbirth, if during pregnancy they 
 turn themselves round thrice within 
 it and repeat certain prayers ! 
 
 INISMOUTHY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Slane, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 382. 
 
 INISMURRAY, an island noted for 
 the smuggling propensities of its in- 
 habitants, belonging to the parish of 
 Ahamplish, county of Sligo, a few 
 miles off the shore, in the Atlantic. 
 It contains the ruins of a chapel, and 
 of several cells and stations for the 
 observance of penance and pilgrim- 
 ages. The approach to this remote 
 and singular island, of which Lord 
 : Palmerston is the proprietor, is re- 
 markably difficult, and it is a tolerable 
 . prison , as it is often almost impossible 
 , to leave it for weeks. It is inhabited 
 by persons who are all related to each 
 other, and bear the same name. They 
 j consider their island as one of great 
 sanctity, and dole out numerous ab- 
 j surd traditions of the miraculous 
 powers of an wooden figure which 
 ! they hold in the utmost veneration. 
 They have three burial places — one 
 for drowned persons and unbaptized 
 489 
 
 children, a second for men, and a third 
 for women, belonging to the island, 
 probably on the principle that as their 
 connection was close enough during 
 life, there should be a separation of 
 graves at death. 
 
 INISTIOGE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Gowran, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. The improved village of 
 Inistioge, formerly a borough, is plea- 
 santly situated on the Nore, four 
 miles below Thomastown, and the 
 banks of the river both above and be- 
 low are remarkably beautiful. The 
 Nore is here a tidal river, broad and 
 deep, and is crossed by an elegant 
 bridge of ten arches, erected from a 
 design by Mr G. Smith, architect. 
 The cottages of which this village is 
 composed are remarkably neat, and 
 the surrounding scenery is most pic- 
 turesque, enriched by the plantations 
 of the demesne of Woodstock, which 
 extend a considerable distance along 
 the high banks of the Nore. Several 
 fairs are held during the year. One 
 of the schools is supported by the 
 Tighe family, proprietors of Wood- 
 stock. Population of the parish in 
 1831, 3221. 
 
 INISTR AHULL, an island belong- 
 ing to the parish of Cloncah, county 
 of Donegal, about six miles off Mai in 
 Head. It is the most northerly of the 
 Irish islauds, and is about a mile in 
 length. A Lighthouse is erected on 
 it, to prevent the entrance of Lough 
 Swilly from being mistaken for Stra- 
 brogagh Harbour. 
 
 INISTUSKAR, an island belonging 
 to the parish of Donquin, county of 
 Kerry. 
 
 INISTURK, an island connected 
 with the parish of Kilgiven, county of 
 Mayo, at the entrance of Clew Bay, 
 adjacent to Clare Island. It possesses 
 an excellent natural harbour, having 
 a breakwater, behind which vessels of 
 from 100 to 200 tons can find safe i 
 shelter. 
 
 INISTURK, an island belonging to 
 the parish of Moyrus, county of Gal- 
 way. 
 
INNY, a river which traverses the 
 Barony of Rathcline, county of Long- 
 ford. Two miles beyond the village 
 of Cool it forces its way from Lough 
 Sheelin, its source, to Lough Dere- 
 varagh, amid deep and dreary hogs, 
 and at Cammagh Bridge the county of 
 Longford is entered. Boats pass along 
 this sluggish river, which could be 
 rendered navigable during its entire 
 course. The Inny enters Lough Ree 
 about three miles below the small 
 town of Ballymahon, forming a broad 
 j estuary called the Mouth of the Inny. 
 
 1 INVER, a parish and rectory in the 
 
 Barony of Belfast, county of Down, 
 forming part of the corps of the Dean- 
 ery of Down. 
 
 INVER, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 i carage, in the Barony of Bannagli, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 Raphoe, on the Atlantic, watered by 
 the stream of its name, which enters 
 Inver Bay, the chief seat of the her- 
 ring fishery on this coast. This Bay 
 is separated on the east from the inlet 
 which runs up to the town of Donegal 
 by the promontory of Doorin, and 
 from M’Swine’s Bay on the west by 
 the narrow peninsula of St John’s. 
 About a mile from the parish church 
 is the sea-port village of Inver, at 
 which is a small pier, erected to en- 
 courage the fishing of whales, which 
 then frequented the coast. The Inver 
 issues from a lake on the top of a 
 mountain at the eastern extremity, 
 and after precipitating itself down the 
 j side, and forming a cataract of several 
 1 hundred feet, called the Grey Mare's 
 : Tail, has a course of six miles to In- 
 ver Bay. The Turris Hill Lough 
 near Mountcharles, Tawyer Lough 
 near the Binbawn Mountain, and 
 Lough Braddon, from which issues 
 ; the Oyley stream, and several others, 
 are small lakes. The Binbawn Moun- 
 tain, barren and heathy, is of great 
 extent, and is a continuation of the 
 chain which begins at the promontory 
 of Glen Head, and after stretching 
 eastward about 20 miles, bends south- 
 ! erly towards Lough Erne. The small 
 town of Mountcharles is in this parish 
 490 
 
 (see Mountcharles), and half a mile 
 from it on the road to Killybegs is 
 the Hall, a small lodge and demesne 
 of the Marquis of Conyngham, to 
 whom the greater part of the district 
 belongs, pleasantly situated on the 
 Bay of Donegal. Farther onwards 
 is Sea- View, a seat of the Earl of Bel- 
 more, adjoining which is the villa of 
 Salt-Hill. The other residences in I 
 the district are Bonnyglen, Cloverhill, | 
 and Kilmacredan. The villages of '■ 
 the Port and Inver are chiefly inhabit- 
 ed by fishermen. Population in 1831, 
 9364. Post-town, Killybegs. 
 
 INVER, a village in the parish of 
 Kileommon, county of Mayo, on the 
 isthmus which connects the peninsula 
 of the Mullet to the mainland, and 
 midway between Broadhaven and 
 Blacksod Bay. This is an excellent 
 fishing station, and has been vastly 
 improved by the line of road formed 
 through Erris, between Belmullet and 
 Castlebar. 
 
 IRELAND’S EYE, a rocky pic- 
 turesque island of upwards of 48 sta- 
 tute acres, about a mile off the north 
 side of the promontory of Howth, 
 county of Dublin. It forms a natural 
 breakwater to Howth Harbour, and is 
 cf a pyramidal form. Some singular 
 rocks on it have a castellated form as 
 seen from the mainland. On the east 
 side are the dangerous rocks called 
 the Stags, and on the south-west are 
 the ruins of an ancient chapel. About 
 A.D. 570 an abbey was founded on 
 this island by St Nessan, in which was 
 preserved the book of the Four Gos- 
 pels, called the “ Garland of Howth.” 
 The island abounds with rabbits. 
 
 IRISHTOWN, a small village and 
 parochial district at the extremity of 
 Dublin Bay, qear the debouch of the 
 Liffey and Dodder, and a sea-bathing 
 resort during summer. 
 
 IRON (LOUGH), alake in the coun- 
 ty of Westmeath, about two miles in 
 length and three-fourths of a mile in 
 breadth, upwards of a mile west of 
 Ballinamuck. It is one of a chain of 
 lakes formed by the Inny, and from it 
 that river proceeds by the town of 
 
ISL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 IVE 
 
 Ballymahon to the Shannon. On the 
 western side are the beautiful planta- 
 tions of Baronstown, and near thelake 
 is the old seat of Tristernagh Abbey 
 (Piers, Bart.) 
 
 IRVINSTOWN, a small improving 
 I town about nine miles from Ennis- 
 j killen, near Lough Erne, near which 
 ; is the residence of Necarn. Popula- 
 , tion in 1831, 1147. 
 
 ISERTKELLY, or Dysertkelly, 
 j a parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 i Loughrea, county of Galway, and Dio- 
 j cese of Kilmacduagh, on the Gartna- 
 : muckin river. Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 ! ISERTKERRIN, or Dysertker- 
 rin, a parish, rectory and vicarage, in 
 j the Barony of Slieveardagh, county 
 | of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 
 | Post-town, Callan. 
 
 ISERT-LAURENCE, a parish, rec- 
 : tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 | Clanwilliam, county of Limerick, and 
 \ Diocese of Emly. Population in 1831, 
 j 1009. Post-town, Killenaule. 
 
 ISHARTMON, a parish and im- 
 I propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Forth, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, on the coast. Post- 
 town, Broadway. 
 
 ISLAND, or Inchdoney, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Baronies of Car- 
 bery, and of Ibawne and Barryroe, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Ross, 
 on the Cloyne of Cloghnakilty. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1445. Post-town, 
 Cloghnakilty. 
 
 ISLAND OF ALLEN. See Al- 
 len. 
 
 ISLANDBAWN, an inhabited 
 island in Lough Strangford. 
 
 ISLAND BRIDGE. See Dublin. 
 
 ISLANDINE, an extensive parish 
 and vicarage in the Baronies of Bur- 
 rishoole and Carra, county of Mayo, 
 and Diocese of Tuam. Population in 
 1831, 8564. Post-town, Castlebar. 
 
 ISLANDKANE, or Island of 
 Kane, a parish and entire rectory in 
 the Barony of Middlethird, county 
 and Diocese of Waterford, on the sea- 
 coast, including the three inhabited 
 islands of Kane. Population in 1831, 
 
 I 1018. Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 ISLAND-MAGEE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Belfast, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, being the peninsula bounded 
 on the east by the sea, and on the west 
 by Lough Larne, on the north side of 
 Belfast Lough. It derives the name 
 of Magee from the family who were 
 its proprietors in the reign of Eliza- 
 beth, and occupies a melancholy posi- 
 tion in the annals of the seventeenth 
 century, as the scene of a barbarous 
 massacre committed on the inhabit- 
 ants, who were surprised, murdered, 
 and thrown into the sea from the ba- 
 saltic cliffs called the Gobbins, by a 
 party of military quartered in Car- 
 rickfergus in 1642. Island-Magee is a 
 bleak but very fertile peninsula, about 
 eight miles in length by one in 
 breadth, and may be said to commence 
 at Ballycarry. The substratum is 
 basalt ; chalk emerges at the northern 
 extremity, and there is a bed of red 
 ochre 200 feet thick. The antiquities 
 are the ruins of two churches and two 
 castles, some cromlechs and rocking 
 stones. Population in 1831, 2610. 
 Post-town, Larne. 
 
 ISLANDS, a Barony of the county 
 of Clare, divided into six parishes. 
 See Clare. 
 
 IVEAGET, the largest Barony of 
 the county of Down, the upper half 
 of which is open and hilly, and the 
 lower is level. The whole is well 
 cultivated, and agriculture is now 
 skilfully conducted in connection with 
 the linen manufacture. This Barony 
 contains several towns and villages, 
 and is divided into 29 parishes, exclu- 
 sive of the See of Dromore. The 
 Lordship of Newry locally belongs to 
 the Barony of Iveagh, though possess- 
 ing a distinct jurisdiction. 
 
 IVER AGH, a Barony of the county 
 of Kerry, and one of its wildest dis- 
 tricts, entirely occupied by mountain 
 and bog. It is divided into seven j 
 parishes. 
 
 IVERK, a Barony of the county of 
 Kilkenny, bounded by the Suironthe 
 north and w est, and the northern half 
 of it encumbered by a group of lofty 
 
JOG 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 JOH 
 
 hills. It is divided into fifteen pa- 
 rishes. 
 
 IVERNOON, or St John’s, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Ath- 
 lone, county of Roscommon, and Dio- 
 cese of Elphin. A Priory was found- 
 ed here for Knights Hospitallers in 
 the reign of King John. Ballinhedge 
 is the largest village in the parish. 
 
 J. 
 
 JAMES (ST), a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Shel- 
 burne, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, near Waterford Har- 
 bour. Population in 1831, 4122. Post- 
 town, Fetliard. 
 
 JAMESTOWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kiltoghart, county of Leitrim, 
 on the Shannon, and formerly one of 
 the fortified towns on that river. It 
 is three miles from Carrick-on-Shan- 
 non, on the road to Drumsna and 
 Dromod, and was formerly a borough. 
 
 In 1623 Sir Charles Coote erected here 
 a strong castle, which was taken by 
 Lord Carlingford in 1645, and by the 
 Enniskilleners under Colonel Lloyd 
 in 1689. There is a canal upwards of 
 a mile in length auxiliary to the river 
 navigation. Adjoining this village is 
 the residence of Jamestown Lodge. 
 
 JAMESTOWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Taghboy, county of Roscom- 
 mon, near the road to Athlone. 
 
 JERPOINT (EAST), a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Knock- 
 topher, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory, near the Nore. Post- 
 town, Thomastown. 
 
 JERPOINT (WEST), or Jerpoint 
 Abbey, a parish in the county of Kil- 
 kenny, in which are the ruins of Jer- 
 point Abbey, founded for Cistertians 
 in 1180 by Donald, Prince of Ossory. 
 These interesting ruins sufficiently in- 
 dicate the former architectural beauty 
 of the Abbey. Here are several ancient 
 tombs. Post-town, Thomastown. 
 
 JOGGINSTOWN. See Naas. 
 
 492 
 
 Population in 1831, 3135. Post-town, 
 *Athlone. 
 
 IVERUS, or Iverossa, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Kenry, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick, on 
 the Deel and Shannon rivers. It is 
 ornamented by several neat villas, and 
 the country round Milltown is beau- 
 tiful. Population in 1831, 1884. 
 
 JOHN’S (ST). See Ivernoon. 
 
 JOHN’S (ST). See Sligo. 
 
 JOHN’S (ST), a parish and vicarage 
 in the county of the town of Kilkenny, 
 Diocese of Ossory, in which is the Lin- 
 town Factory, ‘sustained by an endow- 
 ment of the learned Bishop Pococke, 
 to instruct boys in the linen manufac- 
 ture during an apprenticeship of seven 
 years. Population in 1831, 5604. Post- 
 town, Kilkenny. 
 
 JOHN’S (ST), a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Bantry, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, on the Slaney river, forming 
 part of the Union of St Mary’s-Ennis- 
 corthy. Population in 1831, 636. 
 
 JOHN’S (ST). See Wexford. 
 
 JOHNSTOWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Taughboyne, county of Done- 
 gal, on the navigable river Foyle. 
 Fairs are held in April, October, and 
 November. 
 
 JOHNSTOWN, a small village in 
 the parish of Urlingford, county of 
 Kilkenny. 
 
 JOHNSTOWN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Naas, county and 
 Diocese of Kildare. The neat village 
 of Johnstowivis two miles from Naas, 
 and near it is Palmerstown, the seat 
 of the Earl of Mayo. 
 
 JOHNSTOWN, or Balnaree, a 
 village, formerly a borough, which 
 returned two members to Parliament, 
 in the parish of Clonbroney, county 
 of Longford. Fairs are held in May, 
 November, and December. 
 
 JOHNSTOWN, or Scaddanstown, 
 
KAN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KEA 
 
 a parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Middlethird, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Population in 
 1831, 772. Post-town, Killenaule. 
 
 JOHNSTOWN-BRIDGE, a small 
 village in the parish of Cadamstown, 
 county of Kildare, on the Blackwater. 
 
 JOHNSWELL, a village in the pa- 
 rishes of Rathcool and Kilderry, coun- 
 ty of Kilkenny. 
 
 JONESBOROUGH, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Orior, county 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh. The 
 village of Jonesborough, which was 
 burnt in 1798, is a little to the left of 
 the post village of Flurry Bridge, on 
 the old road to Dundalk. In this 
 quarter the Slievegullion Mountain is 
 most conspicuous. Fairs are held on 
 the 4th of June, 14th of August, 21st 
 of October, and 3d of December. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1598. Post-town, 
 Newry. 
 
 JOYCE COUNTRY, a mountain 
 
 district adjoining Connemara, consist- 
 ing of flat topped hills from 1300 to 
 2000 feet in height, interspersed with 
 deep and narrow valleys. The Joyce 
 Mountains rise in wild grandeur from 
 the shores of Lough Mask. The 
 Joyce Country, so called from the 
 sept or clan Joyce, its ancient inhabit- 
 ants, is the tract between the head of 
 Killery Harbour and Lough Corrib. 
 
 JULIANSTOWN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Lower Du- 
 leek, county and Diocese of Meath, in 
 the valley traversed by the Nanny 
 Water. The small village of Julians- 
 town is about four miles from Drogh- 
 eda. Population in 1831, 736. 
 
 JUSTRYFOGARTY, also called 
 Inch and Inchyanly , a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Eliogarty, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, constituting with other bene- 
 fices the corps of the Chancellorship 
 of Cashel cathedral. 
 
 K. 
 
 KAIMANEIGH, a wild mountain 
 pass in the county of Cork, about two 
 English miles in length, being a part 
 of the road from Macroon to Bantry, 
 winding through a deep and narrow 
 rocky defile. See Gougane Barra 
 and Inchageelah. 
 
 KANTURK, a town in the parishes 
 of Clonfert and Kilbrin, county of 
 Cork, four miles from Newmarket, 
 and ten miles from Mallow, near the 
 junction of the Alluo and Dalluo, 
 which enters the Blackwater three 
 1 miles below. Though this town is in 
 a very out-of-the-way situation, it has 
 a much more respectable appearance 
 than most of places which are inland, 
 and removed from the principal line 
 of road. It has a considerable retail 
 trade ; wool-combing, 6erges, bolting 
 mills, and porter brewing, are carried 
 on ; and coals of the non-flaming kind 
 are obtained in the vicinity. The ex- 
 493 
 
 tensive and fine old castle of Kanturk, 
 now repaired, the seat of the Earl of 
 Egmont, is near the town. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1349. 
 
 KEADUE, a village in the parish 
 of Kilronan, county of Roscommon, 
 about seven miles from Carrick, on 
 the road from that town to Ballyfar- 
 non. It has a Market House erect- 
 ed at the expense of Colonel Tenison 
 of Castle-Tenison, in the vicinity, the 
 proprietor ; and the Arigna Coal and 
 Iron Works have been of some advan- 
 tage, but it is a poor place, though 
 the only post village in the county 
 north of Boyle. About 1830 a very 
 great event occurred in the annals of 
 Keadue. This was the establishment 
 of a cloth shop , in rivalship to Drum- 
 shambo. 
 
 KEADY, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Baronies of Armagh and 
 Turaney, county and Archdiocese of 
 2 T 
 
KEL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ! Armagh, watered by a stream which 
 flows from Lough Clay, and consider- 
 ed by some to be the chief source of 
 the Callen. This parish is in the cen- 
 i tre of the linen manufacturing dis- 
 j trict, and the banks of the Callen are 
 j for miles occupied by bleach -greens. 
 
 The small town of Keady is seven 
 ! miles from Castleblaney, and six miles 
 1 from Armagh, and in the vicinity are 
 j the flax-spinning-mills of New Hol- 
 i land. Fairs are held here on the 
 second Friday of every month. Po- 
 pulation of the town in 1831, 896 ; of 
 the parish, 9082. 
 
 KEEL, the principal village of the 
 i Island of Achill. See Achill. 
 
 KEEM, a small village near Achill 
 Head, eleven miles from the Ferry. 
 
 KEENAGH, a stream which joins 
 ! the Carnlin, and forms Cloondragh 
 Island, in the Shannon, at the bridge 
 over the river connecting the coun- 
 ties of Longford and Roscommon. 
 
 KEEPER MOUNTAIN, an elevat- 
 ed dome-formed mountain in the 
 county of Tipperary, 2265 feet in 
 height, in the direction of Newport, 
 Tipperary, remarkable for the verdure 
 5 and smoothness of its surface. 
 
 KELLS, a village in the parish of 
 Connor, county of Antrim, on a tri- 
 j butary of the Glenwherry stream. It 
 j is situated adjacent to the little epis- 
 ! copal town of Connor (see Connor), 
 on one of the roads from Antrim to 
 Ballymena, six miles from the former. 
 A monastery is said to have been 
 i founded in this place at the beginning 
 of the ninth century. Fairs are held 
 on the 8th of January, 1st of March, 
 27th of May, 10th of June, and 12th of 
 September. 
 
 KELLS, a Barony on the south- 
 west of the county of Kilkenny, con- 
 taining a part of the town of Callan, 
 the town of Kilmagauny, the village 
 Kells, and numerous hamlets. 
 
 KELLS, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of its name, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory. The 
 poor village of Kells is situated on the 
 River, a few miles from Bennet’s 
 Bridge. It is now chiefly remarkable 
 494 
 
 KEL | 
 
 for the beautifully situated ruins of 
 the Augustinian Friary, founded by 
 Geoffrey Fitz-Robert, who accom- 
 panied Strongbow to Ireland. About 
 a mile from the village is the ancient 
 round tower of Kilrea. 
 
 KELLS (UPPER and LOWER), j 
 two Baronies in the north-west of the 
 county of Meath, of considerable ex- 
 tent, and divided into 18 parishes. It 
 is a fertile agricultural district, tra- 
 versed by the Blackwater. Popula- 
 tion of Upper Kells in 1831, 20,462 , of 
 Lower Kells, 13,666. 
 
 KELLS, a parish and rectory in 
 the Upper Barony of its name, coun- ; 
 ty and Diocese of Meath, and a part 
 of the corps of the Archdeaconry. 
 The town of Kells, anciently Kenlis , 
 
 31 Irish, or 40 English, miles from 
 Dublin by Clonee, Blackbull, Dun- 
 shaughlin, and Navau, is a place of 
 great antiquity. This town is plea- 
 santly situated on the south bank of 
 the Blackwater, the principal street 
 broad and spacious, the other streets 
 clean, containing numbers of good 
 houses, and the whole presenting an 
 appearance of neatness, with the ex- 
 ception of the older parts, which dis- 
 play narrow lanes formed of wretched j 
 cabins. A church dedicated to St ! 
 Senan stood near the pillar tower, and 
 a monastery for Canons-Regular was 
 founded by St Columbkill, A.D. 510. , 
 The cell of this saint is still pointed 
 out, constructed on the principle both 
 of seclusion and security, for it seems 
 that though St Columb was in great 
 repute for his piety, he was not with- 
 out his enemies. The entrance was 
 formerly by the top, and some small 
 niches, sufficient to hold the toes, still 
 indicate the steps. Below Is an apart- i 
 ment occasionally inhabited, which, 
 however, has no apparent access to 
 the cell above. The Saint is be- 
 lieved to have lodged in the cell, and 
 made this under apartment his kit- 
 chen, some say his chapel. A subter- I 
 raneous passage led to the monastery j 
 and palace, now entirely destroyed, at ; 
 the rear of which the church is situ- 
 ated, through which those passed who j 
 
KEL 
 
 ,0F IRELAND. 
 
 KEN 
 
 were to confess their sins, and their 
 confessions were here heard by the 
 Saint from a square hole cut in stone. 
 This cell is now overgrown with the 
 ash and the sycamore. Near this cell, 
 in the churchyard, are the old tower 
 and a cross, and in the centre of the 
 town is another cross richly carved. 
 In 1152 a Synod was held in Kells, at 
 which the Cardinal John Pupara pre- 
 sided. In 1156 the town, with all its 
 ecclesiastical edifices, was destroyed 
 by fire. In 1178 a strong castle was 
 erected on ground now occupied by 
 the Market House, and in front of it 
 was an enormous sculptured cross of 
 one stone, containing inscriptions in 
 the Irish language. In the succeed- 
 ing centuries the town suffered severe- 
 ly from wars and hostile incursions, 
 and scarcely a vestige of the old reli- 
 gious houses remains, though in the 
 reign of Richard I. there were an 
 Augustinian Hospital, and a perpetual 
 chantry of three priests to celebrate 
 mass daily, one in the Rood Chapel, a 
 second in St Mary’s, and a third in 
 the chapel of St Catherine the Virgin. 
 Kells was the See of one of those 
 small Bishoprics into which the coun- 
 ty of Meath was divided, and was an- 
 nexed to the See of Meath in the thir- 
 teenth century. The town returned 
 two members to the Irish Parliament, 
 from the reign of Elizabeth to the 
 Union. It is still a corporate town, 
 enjoying considerable privileges, and 
 governed by a Sovereign and Bur- 
 gesses. By the Municipal Bill the 
 Corporation is styled the Sovereign, 
 Provosts, Burgesses, and Commonalty 
 of the Borough of Kells. The public 
 buildings are the large parish church, 
 an elegant Roman Catholic chapel, 
 which has an admired altar-piece, a 
 Market House, Court House, Bride- 
 well, Fever Hospital, and Workhouse. 
 Considerable quantities of produce 
 are sold at the weekly markets, and 
 the retail trade is good, though infe- 
 ' rior to Navan. There is also a small 
 lace factory. Several schools are in 
 : the town. In the vicinity are nume- 
 | rous country residences and villas, 
 495 
 
 and the fine hedge-rows increase the 
 pleasing and picturesque scenery. 
 Headfort House, the seat of the Mar- 
 quis of Headfort (see Headfort), is a 
 large and substantial edifice in a beau- 
 tifully arranged demesne of great ex- 
 tent. The Hill of Loyd, on part of 
 the corporate lands, is conspicuous 
 on the west of the town, beautifully 
 formed and fertile, rising upwards of 
 420 feet, and surmounted by an ele- } 
 gant pillar at least 100 feet in height, i 
 erected by Thomas, first Earl of Bec- 
 tive. From the lantern at the top is 
 a magnificent view of the surround- 
 ing country. Population in 1831,4326. 
 
 KELLYSTOWN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony and county of Car- 
 low, and Diocese of Leighlin, on the 
 Burrin river. Here are the ruins of 
 a church said to have been founded 
 by St Patrick. Population in 1831, 
 662. Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 KELPOLE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Arklow, county of 
 Carlow, and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 on the coast, in the Union of Wick- 
 low. See Wicklow. 
 
 KENAGH, a village in the parish 
 of Kilcommock, county of Longford, 
 on the Royal Canal, seven miles from 
 Richmond Harbour. 
 
 KENAUGHT, an extensive moun- 
 tainous Barony in the county of Lon- 
 donderry, divided into eight parishes, 
 and including the market- town of 
 Newtown-Limavady, the villages of 
 Dungiven, Ballykelly, and others. 
 
 KENBANE HEAD, a conspicuous 
 promontory, composed of chalky 
 cliffs mixed with basalt, two miles J 
 west of Ballycastle, and the basaltic ; 
 rock of Carrick-a-rede, in the county 
 of Antrim. Near it are the ruins of j 
 Kenbane and Dunniny Castles. 
 
 KENE, Kaine, or Lmschaoin, a 
 parish and rectory in the Baronies of 
 Dundalk, county of Louth, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh. Population in 
 1831, 373. Post-town, Dundalk. 
 
 KENMARE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Glaner- 
 ought, county of Kerry, and united 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe. The 
 
KEN 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KEN 
 
 small town of Kenmare, 16 Irish miles 
 from Ballyvourney, and the same 
 distance from Killarney, is situated at 
 the mouth of a small rivulet called 
 the Roughty, which enters the capa- 
 cious estuary called the Kenmare 
 river. This town is called Neddeen 
 by the Irish, or more correctly Nad- 
 Fion, the Cave or Nest of Fion or 
 Fingal , and a cave in the vicinity is 
 still pointed out as the retreat of that 
 hero of antiquity. , In 1780, Kenmare 
 contained only three or four good 
 houses, but in 1841 it possessed a neat 
 parish church, built in 1814, a Roman 
 Catholic chapel, a small Methodist 
 meeting-house, a Market-House, Pet- 
 ty Sessions House, Bridewell, News- 
 Room, Hotel, excellent lodgings for 
 sea-bathers, and is a constabulary sta- 
 tion. It appears as if occupying the 
 centre of a dreary plain inclosed by 
 wild mountains, the river flowing 
 through a bleak moory valley. Ad- 
 joining is the small lodge of the Mar- 
 quis of Lansdowne, the proprietor of 
 the town, and of the principal part of 
 the surrounding country. The com- 
 munication with Kenmare is much 
 improved by a fine line of road formed 
 from Killarney. According to the 
 Sportsman in Ireland — “ The most 
 unfrequented, yet by far the most 
 magnificent, scenery lies between Kil- 
 larney and Kenmare. The latter is a 
 small town, containing a good inn, 
 seldom, however, boasting any other 
 guests than the t poorer attendants of 
 the markets and the occasional visits 
 of the tourist. Although, on arrival 
 at the town, little beyond a wild and 
 barbarous country meets the eye, the 
 road will amply repay the journey. 
 One miserable cot alone, designated 
 by the name of a halfway house , 
 breaks in upon the general impres- 
 sion which steals over the mind, that 
 the traveller is passing through an 
 uninhabited country. The succes- 
 sion of mountains, displaying all the 
 varied grandeur which forms so dis- 
 tinguishing a characteristic of Kerry, 
 is here incessant, till having traversed 
 the now well planned road 14 miles, 
 496 
 
 the sea bursts suddenly and beauti- 
 fully upon the view.’* The town of 
 Kenmare is in progress of improve- 
 ment. The inlet of the Kenmare 
 river is navigable to the quays, and 
 an elegant Suspension Bridge is now 
 thrown over it at the joint expense of 
 the Marquis of Lansdowne and the 
 Board of Works. This bridge, which 
 cost L.5000, saves a distance of three 
 or four miles to travellers from Glen- 
 gariff, and nearly double to persons 
 proceeding to or from Castletown and 
 its vicinity. The foundation-stone of 
 this bridge, called Lansdowne Bridge, 
 was laid by the Marquis in 1838, and 
 it crosses the Sound , as that part of the 
 bay is called from its great contraction, 
 near the town. It has the honour of 
 being the first structure of the kind 
 in Ireland. The Blackwater is care- 
 fully preserved from poachers, but 
 is open to visitors. About four miles 
 east of Kenmare are the copper and 
 lead mines of the Kenmare Mining 
 Association— the copper mines at Ard- 
 trilly, the lead mines at Shonagarry. 
 They have been in operation, with 
 limited success, since 1838, and give 
 employment to about 120 persons. 
 The principal shaft is sunk 17 or 18 
 fathoms, and a steam engine is erect- 
 ed. The levels of the copper mine 
 extend from east to west upwards of 
 60 fathoms, and the vein is generally 
 about five feet wide, partly in a bed of 
 limestone. Kenmare gives the title 
 of Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, t© 
 the Family of Browne. Sir Valen- 
 tine Browne of Crofts, in the county 
 of Lincoln, represented the county of 
 Sligo in Parliament in 1 586, in which 
 year he purchased all the lands in the 
 counties of Kerry and Cork which 
 were in the possession of Teige Mac- 
 Dermot MacCormac and Rorie Do- 
 noghoemore. His grandson was made 
 a Baronet of Ireland in 1622, and 
 the grandson of that gentleman was 
 created Baron Castlerosse and Vis- 
 count Kenmare, in 1689, by James II. 
 subsequent to his abdication. His 
 Lordship forfeited his estates for his 
 attachment to that Monarch, and the 
 
KEN OF IRELAND. KER 
 
 Peerage never was acknowledged. 
 His son and grandson continued un- 
 der the attainder, but Valentine, fifth 
 Viscount of King James’ patent, was 
 created Viscount Kenmare and Baron 
 Castlerosse in 1798, and Earl of Ken- 
 mare in 1800. Valentine, second Earl, 
 was created Baron Kenmare, in the 
 Peerage of Great Britain, in August 
 1841. Population of the town in 1831, 
 1072. 
 
 KENMARE RIVER, a noble es- 
 tuary on the coast of Kerry, about 32 
 miles in length from the town of 
 Kenmare to the sea. It is diversified 
 by islands and promontories, and is 
 deep, navigable, and unobstructed as 
 far as Ardea Castle, at which is the 
 sunken rock called the Maiden. The 
 entrance is between the Bull, Cow, 
 and Calf Islands on the south, and 
 ’ the Skelligs on the north. The 
 breadth, during the entire extent, 
 varies from between three and four 
 miles to two hundred yards, and the 
 1 whole estuary has the appearance of a 
 magnificent river. At the head of 
 this arm of the sea is a long and nar- 
 row valley watered by the Roughty, 
 at the lower extremity of which the 
 town of Kenmare is situated, in a fer- 
 tile though confined tract, from which 
 the Glanerought Mountains rise on 
 one side towards Cork, and the Man- 
 gerton group on the other towards 
 that extensive mountain tract which 
 | occupies the entire peninsula between 
 the northern shore of the Kenmare 
 river and the Bay of Dingle, the ex- 
 tremity of which comprises the Ba- 
 rony of Inveragh and part of that of 
 Dunkerrin. 
 
 KENNAIL (LOUGH), a small lake 
 in the county of Longford, one of the 
 chain connected by the Inny river, 
 
 KENRAMER HILL, the highest 
 summit of the Island of Rathlin, off 
 the coast of Antrim. See Rathlix. 
 
 KENRY, a Barony west of that of 
 Pubblebrien, in the county of Limer- 
 ick, containing the small town of Pal- 
 laskenry, and divided into six pa- 
 rishes. 
 
 KENTSTOWN, a parish and rec- 
 497 
 
 tory in the Barony of Duleek, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Population in 
 1831, 500. Post-town, Slane. 
 
 KERMANSTOWN, a townland in 
 the Barony and county of Carlow, re- 
 turned as a distinct parish in the 
 Parliamentary Reports, but not dis- 
 tinct in the ecclesiastical divisions of j 
 the county. 
 
 KERRY, a maritime county of the 
 Province of Munster, bounded on the 1 
 east by the counties of Limerick and 
 Cork, on the south by the county of 
 Cork and the Kenmare river inlet, 
 on the west by the Atlantic, and on 
 the north by the estuary of the Shan- j 
 non, which separates it from the 
 county of Clare. This county, with 
 a part of that of Cork, forms the south- 
 western extremity of Ireland. The 
 greatest length, in a direct line north 
 and south from the Priest’s Leap 
 Mountain on the Cork boundary to 
 Carrigfoyle on the Shannon, is 54£ sta- 
 tute miles ; and the greatest breadth, 
 in a direct line east and west from 
 the Cork boundary at Lisheen to 
 Dunmore Head, the most westerly 
 point of the mainland of Ireland, is 
 58 statute miles. The distance is 
 about 70 miles between Bolus- Head 
 and the Limerick boundary at Tar- 
 bert, in a direct line from south-west 
 to north-east. The coast line, in- 
 cluding the numerous indentations, 
 is upwards of 220 miles. The area is 
 estimated at 1795 square miles, or 
 1,148,720 English statute acres, of 
 which 581,189 are cultivated, 552,862 
 are unimproved mountain and bog, 
 and 14,669 are under water. The 
 county is divided into the following 
 Baronies: — 1. Iveragh on the south- 
 west, containing the town of Caherci- 
 veen ; 2. Dunkerrin, in the same di- 
 rection, a part of the peninsula form- 
 ed by the Kenmare River and Dingle 
 Bay; 3. Glanerought, on the south, 
 east, in which is the town of Ken- 
 mare; 4. Magonihy in the centre, 
 having the town of Killarney; 5. 
 Trughenackmy, north of Magonihy, in 
 which are the borough of Tralee, and 
 the towns of Castle-Island, Miltown, 
 
KER THE GAZETTEER KER 
 
 Killorglan, Blennerville, and Castle- 
 maine; 6. Corkaguiney, occupying 
 the peninsula between Dingle and 
 Tralee Bays, containing the towns of 
 Dingle, Castle-Gregory, and Strad- 
 bally; 7. Clanmaurice on the north- 
 west, in which is the old episcopal 
 town of Ardfert; 8. Iraghticonnor, 
 on the north and north-east, having 
 the towns of Listowell, Ballylong- 
 ford, and Tarbert. 
 
 The coast on the north side of the 
 Kenmare river is indented by numer- 
 ous bays, off which are the Skelligs 
 and other islets, near the mouth of 
 Ballinskelligs Bay. Rounding the 
 promontory is St Finan’s Bay, to the 
 north of which is Puffin Island. Va- 
 lentia Island and Harbour are on the 
 south of the entrance of Dingle Bay 
 (see Dingle). Off Dunmore Head 
 are the Blackets and other islands, 
 and on the south side of the penin- 
 sula of Dingle is Smerwick Harbour, 
 east of which, passing Brandon Head, 
 are Brandon and Tralee Bays. Kerry 
 Head is the northern point of Bally- 
 heigh Bay, and here commences the 
 estuary of the Shannon. The de- 
 bouch of the Cashin river forms an 
 inlet, and Tarbert beyond Ballylong- 
 ford is on the boundary of the county 
 with Limerick on the Shannon. 
 
 The peninsulas between the arms 
 o* the Atlantic are occupied by moun- 
 tain ridges, which extend along the 
 whole South of Ireland. The valleys 
 in these ranges are deep, and contain 
 extensive tracts of bog. The Iveragh 
 Mountains are bounded on the north- 
 east by the lateral valley of Glencare, 
 in the lower part of which is Lough 
 Carra. Opposite the extremity of the 
 central ridge is the great group call- 
 ed MacGilli cuddy’s Rocks, extending 
 ten miles from north-west to south- 
 east, and separated by the Gap of 
 Dunloe from the range of Tomies and 
 Glenaw. Caran-Tual, the most ele- 
 vated of the Reeks, was long consi- 
 dered the highest ground in Ireland, 
 but it must yield to Brandon in the 
 same county, to Donald Hill in Lon- 
 donderry, and to Errigal in Donegal. 
 
 493 
 
 In the quarter occupied by the Reeks 
 are the far-famed Lakes of Killarney 
 (see Killarney). The valley of the 
 Maine is bounded on the north by the 
 Stack Mountains, which towards the 
 sea sink into comparatively low hills, 
 leaving an open communication with 
 Tralee from the south, westward of 
 which the lofty ridge of Slievemish 
 occupies the entire neck of the penin- 
 sula which forms the Bay of Dingle 
 on the north. The Slievemish ridge 
 is interrupted by a lateral valley, be- 
 yond which rises the conical moun- 
 tain of Cahirconree. It is impossible, 
 however, in a mere sketch like the 
 present, to describe minutely the 
 mountains, vales, glens, and plains of 
 this county, which display scenery of 
 every description, from the most ro- 
 mantic and magnificent to the most 
 dreary and repulsive. “ The en- 
 trance to the county of Kerry, the 
 Kingdom of Kerry , as it was anciently 
 called, from that of Cork,” observe 
 Mr and Mrs S. C. Hall, “ is through a 
 tunnel of about 200 yards in length, a 
 very short distance from which are 
 two others of much more limited ex- 
 tent. As the traveller emerges from 
 comparative darkness, a scene of strik- 
 ing magnificence bursts upon him, 
 very opposite in character to that 
 which he leaves immediately behind; 
 for while his eye retains the rich and 
 cultivated beauty of the wooded and 
 watered glen, he is startled by the 
 contrast of barren and frightful pre- 
 cipices along the brinks of which he 
 is riding, and gazes with a shudder 
 down into the far off valley, where a 
 broad and angry stream is diminish- 
 ed by distance into a mere line of 
 white. T^e road, of which there is a 
 view almost the whole way to the 
 Kenmare River, is a gradual descent, 
 so admirably constructed, and kept so 
 carefully in repair, that it is smooth 
 and finished enough to be the entry 
 to a demesne, and is classed by uni 
 versal consent among the best roads 
 of the kingdom. The whole district, 
 we believe, belongs to the Marquis of 
 Lansdowne, and a better ordered es- 
 
KER OF IRELAND. KER 
 
 tate, or a more flourishing tenantry, 
 are not to be found in any mountain 
 district of Ireland. Such was not 
 always the case ; at one time it was 
 proverbial for the poverty of the land, 
 and the wretchedness of its inhabit- 
 ants. The misery of the soil has been 
 illustrated by a saying, that * a Kerry 
 cow never looks up at a passing strang- 
 er, for fear it would lose the bite 
 and it was asserted that at stated sea- 
 1 sons his Lordship’s agents stationed 
 themselves at the old entrance into 
 the county, to meet the beggars as 
 they were returning homeward from 
 Cork to Kerry, and received the rents 
 of their cabins by taking from them 
 the halfpence they had collected. This 
 is on doubt humorous exaggeration, 
 but it is certain that about twenty or 
 thirty years ago (1820 and 1810), gold 
 and even silver were so scarce in this 
 district that its inhabitants rarely saw 
 either. A circumstance related to us 
 by the person to whom it actually 
 occurred may bear out the assertion. 
 He left his home on horseback to col- 
 lect the county cess— an acreable tax 
 on land — through a large and wild 
 tract of country, expecting his jour- 
 ney to last two or three days ; he was 
 so long absent that his family became 
 | alarmed, and sent his servant to ascer- 
 tain the cause. Every one of the te- 
 ; nants had paid him in pence and half- 
 pence, which he was unable to get 
 | exchanged; the weight had increased 
 as he advanced ; until he found it so 
 j great as to prevent the possibility of 
 i his returning to his home, without 
 leaving a large portion of it behind 
 him, and he preferred remaining at 
 one of the cabins until the event he 
 anticipated occurred, and his friends 
 sent him assistance.” 
 
 Previous to 1820 the roads in the 
 south-west part of Kerry were almost 
 impassable for wheel carriages ; and 
 some tracts along the coast, between 
 ! Kenmare and Cahirciveen, can onlj 
 ! be traversed on foot or horseback. In 
 | 1807 Lord Headley commencedthe con- 
 j struction of an eligible road through 
 his property, to obviate the old steep 
 i 499 
 
 and difficult access from Cahirciveen 
 to the Glandehy district by the sea- 
 ward side of Drung Mountain, 800 feet 
 above the level of the sea. An im- 
 portant line of 32 statute miles con- 
 nects the town of Listowell and the 
 northern parts of the county with 
 Newmarket in Cork. Before the road 
 was formed from the south-west divi- 
 sion of Cork into the county, already 
 alluded to in the extract from “ Ire- 
 land, its Scenery, Character,” &c. tra- 
 vellers to Killarney and Bantry were 
 compelled to order their carriage from 
 Kenmare to meet them on the Kerry 
 side of the mountain, or hire some 
 stout peasants from Glengariff to car- 
 ry the car on their shoulders over 
 dangerous rocks and precipices. The 
 Marquis of Lansdowne contributed 
 L.3200 to the suspension bridge at 
 Kenmare, which unitea this road with 
 that across the mountains of Bere and 
 Bantry. This completes the line of 
 communication between the Shannon 
 at Tarhert, and the south coast of 
 Cork near Skibbereen. The new road 
 to Killarney is excellent, and the old 
 road between Mangerton and Tork is 
 now almost deserted. The road from 
 Castle-Island to Newcastle in Lime- i 
 rick, 25£ statute miles, greatly dimi- j 
 nishes the distance from Killarney 1 
 and the southern parts of Kerry to 
 the city of Limerick. Various other 
 roads are constantly in progress, 
 which are constructed and kept in 
 repair by Grand Jury Presentments. 
 
 There are no rivers of any import- 
 ance in Kerry. The Cashin, formed 
 by the rivers Feale, Gale, and Brick, 
 which join near Listowell about five 
 miles from the sea, after a united 
 course of 50 miles. The Lakes of 
 Killarney are discharged by the Laune, 
 which enters Dingle Bay. The plain 
 between Killarney and the mountains 
 south of Tralee is drained by the 
 Maine, which enters Castlemaine Har- 
 bour, the estuary at the head of Din- 
 gle Bay. North of Tralee the rich 
 and greatly improved plain of Ard- 
 fert, stretching to the high grounds 
 towards Kerry Head, is drained by 
 
KER 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KER 
 
 insignificant streams. Many of the 
 harbours are badly protected from 
 westerly and northerly winds. Piers 
 for fishing-boats and small vessels are 
 erected at Kenraare, Ballinaskelligs, 
 Cahirciveen, Brandon, Barra, Bally- 
 longford, Tarbert, and other places. 
 
 The geological structure of the chief 
 mountain chains is a red or grey con- 
 glomerate and sandstone supporting 
 siliceous flags, overlaid in the low dis- 
 tricts by floetz limestone. The prin- 
 cipal limestone fields are in the val- 
 leys of the Feale, Maine, and Rough- 
 ty ; but the most extensive limestone 
 formation extends a distance of 30 
 miles, from the magnificent caves in 
 the cliffs near the sea-bathing village 
 of Ballybunion to Baltard Point in 
 Clare county. The Glanbehy Moun- 
 tains abound with iron ore, which 
 was formerly smelted at Blackstones 
 in works erected by Sir William Petty, 
 ancestor of the Marquis of Lansdowne, 
 but given up in 1750 on account of the 
 deficiency of timber. Iron was also 
 smelted at Killarney, which was noted 
 for its mines even in the ninth cen- 
 I tury. Copper mines were in occa- 
 I sional operation at Mucross and Ross 
 Islands in the Lower Lake ; lead ore 
 has been found in the vicinity of the 
 [ lake, and copper ore has been found 
 at Ardfert and in Glanerought Ba- 
 i rony. The copperas works near 
 Castle-Island are now relinquished. 
 The slate quarry in Valentia Island, 
 the property of the Knight of Kerry, 
 
 1 on which is his residence, produces 
 slates worth L.500 annually, and flags 
 of the most superior land to the 
 amount of L.1800. 
 
 Although vast improvements have 
 been effected by the Marquis of Lans- 
 downe, Lord Headley, and other pro- 
 | prietors, agriculture is in several re- 
 i mote districts in a backward state, 
 
 ! green crops are unknown, and even 
 ! grass seeds are little in use. Excel- 
 lent crops of grain are raised in many 
 parts, and there are several extensive 
 dairy farms. Oats and butter are the 
 chief exports of the county ; linen is 
 manufactured near Dingle, and a 
 500 
 
 coarse woollen throughout the coun- 
 ty for home use. The fisheries, which 
 could be made sources of immense 
 wealth, are shamefully neglected, many 
 of the men often emigrating, and leav- 
 ing their families to beg. In 1836 
 there were only one decked boat, 44 
 half-decked boats, 421 sail boats, and 
 610 open row boats, manned by 6311 
 fishermen. 
 
 This county is entirely within the 
 united Diocese of Ardfert and Agha- 
 doe, and it is said that the proportion 
 of Roman Catholics in that Diocese is 
 nearly 40 to one. It is said that the 
 peasantry have a turn for the larning y 
 and several of them have a tolerable 
 knowledge of the Latin language. In 
 some of the districts they are a most 
 original race, and possess all the pe- 
 culiarities of the Irish character. 
 The Sportsman in Ireland asserts 
 that “ a more peaceful and inoffensive 
 race does not exist than that inhabit- 
 ing Kerry,” which if correct is very 
 gratifying. — “ I cannot say,” observes 
 the same lively writer, “ that the pea- 
 santry are unhappy. Their wants are 
 of the simplest order, and they appear 
 perfectly content when those are sup- 
 plied. The proximity of this county 
 to the lively inhabitants of the Conti- 
 nent has also had its influence, and I 
 was at first somewhat surprised to 
 find men and women, without shoes 
 and stockings, submitting to the in- 
 structions of the dancing-master and 
 piper evening after evening. I found 
 indeed that the former was a regu- 
 larly paid official, and his labours were 
 in continual demand through the sum- 
 mer. /The Sunday evening is of course 
 a general jubilee, in which all passers 
 by are requested to join.” A Kerry 
 wedding must be a most amusing 
 treat, and the fees exacted by the 
 Roman Catholic clergy are so consi- 
 derable, that it is amazing how the 
 poorer classes continue to raise the 
 money. “ When the match is made,” 
 according to Mr and Mrs S. C. Hall, 
 “ it becomes necessary for the bride- 
 groom to obtain a certificate (it is al- 
 ways written in Latin) from his parish 
 
KER OF IRELAND. KER 
 
 priest, that he is free to contract mar- 
 riage with any woman equally free 
 from canonical bonds or impediments; 
 to this a fee is always attached, we be- 
 lieve five shillings. He must also 
 procure from his bishop or vicar-ge- 
 neral a licence to marry, to which also 
 a fee is attached of seven shillings 
 and sixpence. This being done, he 
 repairs with his bride to the house of 
 her parish priest, accompanied by his 
 and her friends, as many as they can 
 muster, and before she is married, 
 pays down to the priest the marriage 
 fee according to his circumstances. 
 The friends of both parties are called 
 upon to pay down something, and be- 
 tween their reluctance to meet the 
 demand, and the priest’s refusal to 
 marry them till he is satisfied, a scene 
 sometimes humorous and sometimes 
 discreditable often arises. If the 
 bride's father or brother be a ‘ strong’ 
 farmer, who can afford to furnish a 
 good dinner, the marriage takes place 
 at the bride’s house, the bridegroom 
 bringing with him as many of his 
 friends as choose to accompany him. 
 The same process as to money takes 
 place here, and it is not uncommon 
 for the collection to amount to L.20, 
 L.30, andsometimes L.40 or L.50, when 
 parties are comfortable, and have a 
 long line of followers. The ceremony 
 is in Latin what, or nearly what, the 
 Church of England service is in Eng- 
 lish, and the priest closes it by saying 
 — * Give your wife the kiss of peace.’ 
 A struggle often ensues for this kiss 
 (the first kiss?) between some young 
 wag of the party and the bridegroom, 
 the latter generally surrendering it 
 good-humouredly. The priests in 
 some instances discountenance, and 
 in others overlook, the practice. The 
 time most in favour for celebrating 
 weddings is just before Lent. The 
 guests are always numerous, and con- 
 sist of all ranks, from the lord and lady 
 of the manor through the interme- 
 diate grades of gentlemen, squireens, 
 farmers, down to the common labour- 
 er, wives of course included. Per- 
 fect equality prevails on this occasion, 
 501 
 
 and yet the natural courtesy of the 
 Irish character prevents any disturb- 
 ance of social order — every one keeps 
 his place, while at the same time the 
 utmost freedom reigns. The dinner 
 is usually at the expense of the bride’s 
 family, and as nothing is spared in pro- 
 curing the materials, and the neigh- 
 bouring gentry allow their cooks and 
 others to assist, and lend dinner ser- 
 vices, &c., it is always got up in the 
 best style. The priest sits at the head 
 of the table ; near him the bride and 
 bridegroom, the coadjutors of the 
 clergyman, aud the more respectable 
 guests ; the other guests occupy the 
 remainder of the table, which extends 
 the whole length of the barn — in which 
 the dinner generally takes place. Im- 
 mediately on the cloth being removed, 
 the priest marries the young couple, 
 and then the bride-cake is brought in 
 and placed before the priest, who, 
 putting his hand on his stole, blesses 
 it, and cuts it up into small slices, 
 which are handed round on a large 
 dish among the guests, generally by 
 one of the coadjutors. Each guest 
 takes a slice of the cake, and lays 
 down in place of it a donation for the 
 priest, consisting of pounds, crowns, 
 or shillings, according to the ability 
 of the donor. After that, wine and 
 punch go round, as at any ordinary 
 dinner party. In the course of an 
 hour or so, a part of the range of 
 tables is removed, and the musicians 
 (consisting usually of a piper and a 
 fiddler), who during the dinner had 
 been playing some of the more slow 
 and plaintive of the national airs, now 
 strike up, and the dance immediately 
 commences. First single parties dance 
 reels, jigs, and doubles. Country 
 dances now succeed, in which, as in 
 the single dances, priest and laic, old 
 and young, rich and poor, the master 
 and his maid, the landlord and his te- 
 nant’s daughter, as well as the land- 
 lord’s daughter and his tenant’s son, 
 all join together without distinction.” 
 The antiquities of Kerry consist of 
 Cyclopean stone fortresses at Cahir- 
 conree, Cahir-Donnell, and Staigue; 
 
KER THE GAZETTEER KID 
 
 sepulchral stones ; stone cells at Ven- 
 try, Smerwick, and on the greater 
 : Skellig, probably of the sixth or 
 | seventh century ; a fe w round towers ; 
 and the remains of old castles and 
 religious buildings. The county 
 originally formed part of the kingdom 
 of Desmond or South Munster, of 
 which the MacCarthys were sove- 
 reigns. Dermond MacCarthy invited 
 Raymond le Gros, one of the early 
 Anglo-Norman adventurers, to assist 
 him in suppressing the rebellion of 
 his son Cormac, and assigned him a 
 large tract round Lixnaw. Raymond 
 settled his son Maurice in that dis- 
 ( trict, and from him descended the 
 | Fitzmaurices, Lords of Kerry, and the 
 Barony of Clanmaurice derived its 
 name. The Fitzgeralds established 
 themselves in the south of the county, 
 and on the downfall of the Mac- 
 Carthys rose to such power, that in 
 J 1295 Thomas Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald 
 was Lord of all Desmond, which in- 
 cluded Kerry, Cork, and Waterford, 
 and was also Lord-Justice of Ireland. 
 His two sons, John and Maurice, were 
 respectively created Earls of Kildare 
 and Desmond in 1329. The exclu- 
 1 sive powers the successors of those 
 noblemen enjoyed with their terri- 
 tories frequently brought them into 
 collision with the Crown, and at the 
 rebellion of Gerald, sixteenth Earl of 
 Kenmare, in the reign of Elizabeth, 
 the forfeited lands were granted to 
 English knights and gentlemen. 
 
 1 When the Rebellion broke out in 1641 
 ! the native Irish embarked in it, and 
 extensive confiscations, amounting to 
 90,116 acres, followed its suppression. 
 Among the new proprietors was Sir 
 William Petty, who planted a colony 
 of Protestants at the head of the Ken- 
 mare River, where they continued till 
 1688-9, when they were attacked by 
 the Irish, under arms for James II., 
 and compelled to retire from their 
 possessions; but Brigadier Levison 
 entered the county with a detach- 
 ment of King William’s troops, and 
 completely reduced the natives to 
 subjection. The fort on Valentia 
 502 
 
 Island was erected in consequence of 
 the French pirates who harassed the 
 coast about 1710. Kerry gives the 
 title of Earl to the Marquis of Lans- 
 downe. The “ Knight of Kerry,” as 
 one of the principal proprietors is de- 
 signated, is the representative of an 
 old branch of the Fitzgeralds. The 
 descendants of the MacCarthys, O’Sul- 
 livans, and other chiefs, reside in the 
 county, and have been long in the 
 condition of labourers. 
 
 The county expenses are defrayed 
 by Grand Jury Presentments. Kerry 
 returns two members to the Imperial 
 Parliament ; constituency in 1840-1, 
 1218. Population in 1831, 263,126. 
 
 KE3H. See Kish. 
 
 KEY (LOUGH), a beautiful lake 
 in the Barony of Boyle, four miles in 
 length by three miles in breadth. It 
 has numerous wooded islands., one of 
 which, called Trinity Island, contains 
 some romantic ruins, and on another 
 known as Castle Island the old fort- 
 ress of M’Dermot’s Castle is now re- 
 built and inhabited. This lake is con- 
 nected with Rockingham, the mag- 
 nificent demesne of Lord Viscount 
 Lorton. West of the lake rise the 
 Curlew Mountains, at the south base 
 of which is the town of Boyle. Lough 
 Key receives the Boyle Water, which 
 issues from Lough Gara, and flows 
 past the town, and after leaving the 
 lake enters Oakport Lough in its 
 course to the Shannon. The shores 
 of the lake are diversified by beauti- 
 ful bays and promontories, and the 
 islands form most picturesque objects. 
 Nearly twenty of them are laid down 
 in the great county map of Roscom- 
 mon^ and the names of some of them, 
 such as Church, Trinity, Hamlet, Cas- 
 tle, Stag, and Orchard Islands, suf- 
 ficiently intimate their former inha- 
 bitants. The Abbey or Trinity Island, 
 which is said to have existed as early 
 asA.D. 700, and was refounded by Cla- 
 rus MacMoylin O'Moilchonry, Arch- 
 deacon of Elphin, in 1215, was destroy- 
 ed in 1466 by fire, occasioned by the 
 carelessness of a woman. 
 
 KID, an island belonging to the 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 parish of Kilcommon, county of Mayo, 
 north of the entrance into Broad- 
 haven. 
 
 KILBAHA, a fishing village in the 
 parish of Kilballyhone, county of 
 Clare, at the mouth of the Shannon, 
 eastward of Loop Head. It has a boat 
 pier erected by the Fishery Board. 
 
 KILBALLYHONE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Moyarta, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe, on the Atlantic, at the mouth of 
 the Shannon. Populationin 1831, 3695. 
 Post-town, Kilrush. 
 
 KILB ARRACK, a parochial cha- 
 pelry, in which is the village of its 
 j name, in the Barony of Coolock, 
 
 ■ county and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 i annexed to the rectory of Howth and 
 vicarage of Baldoyle. The village is 
 situated in Dublin Bay, about a mile 
 from Howth Harbour, and contains 
 the ruins of an ancient abbey. 
 
 KILBARRON, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Tyrhugh, county 
 of Donegal, and Diocese of Raphoe. 
 It adjoins Bally shannon on the north- 
 west, and a church is said to have 
 been founded by St Columb, of which 
 one St Barrina was bishop in the sixth 
 century. The old seat of Wardtown 
 is on the sandy beach which sweeps 
 round the bar north of Ballyshannon, 
 and a short distance beyond, on the 
 rocky shore of Kildoney, are the ruins 
 of Kilbarron Castle completely over- 
 hanging the ocean. It is supposed to 
 have been erected by the M’Skim- 
 mins. The land in this quarter is 
 fertile and agreeably diversified. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 10,521. Post-town, 
 Ballyshannon. See Ballyshannon. 
 
 KILBARRON, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Lower Ormond, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe, on the Shannon. Population 
 in 1831, 2590. Post-town, Borris- 
 okane. 
 
 KILBARRY, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the county of the city 
 and Diocese of Waterford. In this 
 parish a house was founded for the 
 Knights Templars, which was after- 
 wards granted to the Kniglits of St 
 503 
 
 John of Jerusalem, and the lands were 
 subsequently conveyed to Thomas 
 Earl of Ormond. Population in 1831, 
 587. 
 
 KILB ARRYME ADEN, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Upperthird, but locally in the Ba- 
 rony of Decies-without-Drum, coun- 
 ty of Waterford, and Diocese of Lis- 
 more. The rectory forms part of 
 the corps of the Precentorship of 
 Waterford Cathedral. Population in 
 1831, 2416. Post-town, Kilmactliomas. 
 
 KILBE ACON, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Knocktopher, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 KILBEAGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Costello, county 
 of Mayo, and annexed Diocese of 
 Achonry. Population in 1831, 8790. 
 Post-town, Ballyhaunis. 
 
 KILBE G, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Kells, county and Dio- 
 cese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 1544. Post-town, Kells. 
 
 KILBEGG AN, a parish and curacy 
 in the Barony of Moycashel, county 
 of Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath. 
 The town of Kilbeggan is situated 
 on the Upper Brosna, here a small 
 stream, 56 English miles from Dublin 
 on the road to Athlone. It was once 
 a borough, and sent two members 
 to the Irish Parliament. A great part 
 of the town is well built, containing 
 slate roofed houses, but there is also 
 a due proportion of hovels. The pa- 
 rish church was originally a part of 
 the Cistertian Monastery founded in 
 1200 by the Dalton family, and desig- 
 nated the Abbey of the River of God, 
 under the invocation of the Virgin 
 Mary. In the reign of Queen Eliza- 
 beth the Daltons obtained possession 
 of the suppressed abbey and lands, 
 which in the following reign were ac- 
 quired by Oliver Lord Lambert. An 
 abbey is alleged to have been founded 
 by St Becan, a holy man of royal ex- 
 traction, and contemporary of St 
 Columb. The Market-House is a neat 
 edifice, the Roman Catholic chapel is i 
 large and elegant, and there is a Me- 
 
KIL 
 
 thodist meeting-house. The trade 
 of this town is considerable, and has 
 been greatly increased by a branch of 
 the Grand Canal. The corn trade is 
 extensive ; distilling, brewing, milling, 
 and snuff manufacture, are carried 
 on; great quantities of butter are 
 sold at the weekly market held on 
 Saturdays, and there are four annual 
 fairs. Kilbeggau was incorporated 
 by James I., in favour of a Portreeve, 
 twelve Burgesses, and an unlimited 
 number of Freemen. The Portreeve 
 has jurisdiction in the borough con- 
 jointly with the county magistrates. 
 A Kilbeggan innkeeper was once ac- 
 tually made a Knight by a Lord-Lieu- 
 tenant, and the titled landlady long 
 survived her worthy husband as host- 
 1 ess of the inn. Lord Townshend, 
 Lord-Lieutenant from 1767 to 1772, a 
 nobleman who is said to have been 
 addicted to the most dissolute habits, 
 and who appears to have been utterly 
 regardless of pomp, dignity, or parade, 
 was compelled by an accident which 
 occurred to his equipage to stop at 
 Kilbeggan for the night, and partake 
 of such accommodation as Mr Cuffe 
 the innkeeper could afford. *• In 
 I those days,” says the author of a 
 Tour in Con.yaught, “ good claret 
 was not an unusual thing to be had 
 even in small country inns, and it so 
 happened that Mr Cuffe was able to 
 send up some fowl and fish well cook- 
 ed and well served, and that the claret 
 was in its bouquet and flavour well 
 adapted to his Excellency’s taste. Ac- 
 cordingly, the great man unbent him- 
 self among his boon companions so as 
 while losing sobriety he forgot de- 
 corum; and as he on another occa- 
 sion introduced his fox hounds into 
 the Council Chamber, now as a half- 
 witted bacchanalian he ordered the 
 host to make his appearance, and 
 j when he came into the Presence , the 
 Viceroy, in an affected grave speech, 
 ; returned him thanks for his excellent 
 ; cheer, and announced that he could 
 not repay the obligation in any other 
 : manner but in conferring the honour 
 ! of Knighthood. In opposition to some 
 504 
 
 U 
 
 KIL I 
 
 — 
 
 of the more sober of the party, who j 
 remonstrated against this act of whim- j 
 sical licentiousness, he forced mine 
 host to kneel down, and duly dubbing 
 him in proper phrase and form, said 
 — ‘ Rise up, thou mirror of innkeepers, 
 and be from henceforth Sir Joseph 
 Cuffe !’ The astonishment of the inn- 
 keeper may be well supposed, as he 
 returned to his wife to inform her of 
 her new honours. The Viceroy re- 
 tired to rest as usual, utterly reck- 
 less of what he had done, and rose in 
 the morning altogether forgetful un- 
 til reminded of the transaction, of 
 which, when informed, he was not a 
 little annoyed, but plucking up cou- 
 rage, he said to his aid-de-camp — ‘ It 
 certainly teas carrying the joke too 
 far, but curse the fellow, surely he will 
 not take any advantage of it. Callhim 
 before me, and I will persuade him to 
 hush up the matter.* The man was 
 accordingly introduced. * Mr Cuffe,’ 
 says his Excellency, ‘ a circumstance 
 occurred last night, which I am sure 
 you understood in the proper light. 
 
 It was, it is true, carrying the joke 
 too Jar. I hope, Sir, you will feel as 
 becomes you, and that you will say 
 no more about it, nor let the thing 
 get wind.’ * Oh ! indeed, my Lord,’ 
 replied Mr Cuffe, ‘ the honour you 
 have conferred on me, though I am 
 right sensible of its importance, is ; 
 still what I for one would have no 
 objection to forego under a proper 
 consideration ; but, please your Excel- 
 lency, what will my Lady Cuffe say?’ 
 The innkeeper and his wife were Sir 
 and my Lady all their lives. The man 
 died long before I passed through 
 Kilbeggan, but I perfectly remember 
 Lady Cuffe.” Kilbeggan was the 
 scene of a conflict, during the Rebel- 
 lion of 1798, between a party of the 
 insurgents and the Northumberland 
 militia. Population of the town in 
 1831, 1985; of the parish, 4039. 
 
 KILBELFAD, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Tyrawley, county 
 of Mayo, and Diocese of Killala, on 
 Lough Conn. Population in 1831, 
 3798. Post-town, Ballina. 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
KIL 
 
 KILBEGNET, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Half Barony of Ballymoe, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Elphin. Population in 1831, 4577. 
 Post-town, Roscommon. 
 
 KILBEHENNY, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Coshlea, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly, on the Funcheon river, consti- 
 tuting a part of the corps of the pre- 
 bend of Killenelick. Population in 
 1831, 3507. Post-town, Mitchelstown. 
 
 KILBENAN, or Kilbannon, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Baronies of 
 Clare and Donaghmore, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tuam, in the 
 Union of Tuam. Population in 1831, 
 2561. Post-town, Tuam. 
 
 KILBERRY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Narragh and Rheban, 
 county of Kildare, and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, on the Barrow river. The 
 village of its name is three miles from 
 Athy, and in the vicinity are some 
 remains of an old abbey. Population 
 in 1831, 1732. Post-town, Athy. 
 
 KILBERRY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Morgallion, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. The poor vil- 
 lage of Kilberry is four miles from 
 Navan, on the road to Nobber, and 
 near it is the residence of Arch-Hall. 
 Population in 1831, 2002. Post-town, 
 Navan. 
 
 KILBIXY, a parish and curacy in 
 the Barony of Moygoish, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath, on 
 the banks of Lough Iron. The school- 
 house for the education of a certain 
 number of poor boys and girls was 
 founded by Baron Sunderlin. This 
 parish once contained a town govern- 
 ed by a sovereign, all vestiges of which 
 have disappeared. It was also the 
 residence of Sir Geofiry Constantine, 
 one of the English settlers introduced 
 by Henry II. Population in 1831, 2279. 
 Post-town, Mullingar. See Ballina- 
 CARRY. 
 
 KILBOLANE, a parish and perpe- 
 tual curacy in the Barony of Orrery 
 and Kilmore, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne, annexed to the 
 rectory of Knocktemple. The ruined 
 505 
 
 KIL 
 
 castle of Kilbolane is alleged to have 
 been built by the Cogans shortly after 
 the arrival of Earl Strongbow, and 
 was afterwards in the possession of 
 the Earls of Desmond. Population 
 in 1831, 4014. Post-town, Charleville. 
 
 K1LBONANE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Muskerry East, 
 county and Diocese of Cork. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1740. Post-town, Cork. 
 
 KILBONANE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Magonihy, coun- 
 ty of Kerry, and annexed Diocese of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe, on the Main 
 river. Population in 1831, 3305. Post- 
 town, Milltown. 
 
 KILBRACKAN. See Bally- 
 brack an. 
 
 KILBRAGH, or Kilbreagh, a pa- 
 rish and part of the corps of a prebend 
 in the Barony of Middlethird, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 Post-town, Templemore. 
 
 KILBREEDY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Tyrawley, coun- 
 ty of Mayo, and Diocese of Killala. 
 Population in 1831, 2023. Post-town, 
 Killala. 
 
 KILBREEDY- MAJOR, a parish 
 and entire rectory in the Barony of 
 Coshma, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick, in the Union of Kilmallock. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1137. Post-town, 
 Kilmallock. 
 
 KILBREEDY- MINOR, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Coshma, county and Diocese of 
 Limerick. Population in 1831, 600. 
 Post-town, Bruff. 
 
 KILBRENNAN, a part of the pa- 
 ; rish of Graystown, in the county of 
 Tipperary. See Graystown. 
 
 KILBREW, or Kilbrue, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Rataoth, 
 county and Diocese of Meath, annexed 
 to the rectory and vicarage of Try vett. 
 Population in 1831, 351. Post-town, 
 Dunshaughlin. 
 
 KILBRIDE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Upper Half of the Ba- 
 rony and county of Antrim, Diocese 
 of Connor. Population in 1831, 2463. 
 Post-town, Ballyclare. 
 
 KILBRIDE, a parish and vicarage 
 2 u 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
KIL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KIL 
 
 in the Barony of Ida, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese Of Ossory. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 896. Post-town, New 
 Ross. 
 
 KILBRIDE, a parochial chapelry 
 in the Barony of Dunboyne, county 
 and Diocese of Meath . Population in 
 1831, 285. Post-town, Dublin. 
 
 KILBRIDE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ballintobber, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 Population in 1831, 5997. Post-town, 
 Roscommon. 
 
 KILBRIDE, a parish in the Ba- 
 ronies of Scarewalshand Gorey, coun- 
 ty of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, 
 in the Union of Ferns. Population in 
 1831, 1094. Post-town, Ferns. 
 
 KTLBRIDE, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Middlethird, 
 county and Diocese of Waterford. 
 Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 KILBRIDE, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Shel- 
 malier, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns. Population in 1831, 
 4638. Post-town, Taghmon. 
 
 KILBRIDE, a parish and curacy in 
 the Barony of Arklow, county of 
 Wicklow, and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 on the Avoca river. Population in 
 1831, 1192. Post-town, Arklow. 
 
 KILBRIDE-LANGAN, a parochial 
 chapelry in the Barony of Kilcoursy, 
 King’s County, and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 4337. Post-town, 
 Clara. 
 
 KILBRIDE-PIL ATE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Fartullagh, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 574. Post- 
 town, Kinnegad. 
 
 KILBRIDE-VASTON, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Fartullagh, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. The village of Kilbride-Pass 
 is eight miles from Kinnegad, and near 
 it are the ruins of two castles and of 
 an old church. Population in 1831, 
 923. 
 
 KILBRIN, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Duhallow, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4292. Post-town, Kanturk. 
 
 506 
 
 KILBRIN, or Kilbryan, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Boyle, 
 county of Roscommon, and Diocese of 
 Elphin, on Lough Key. Population 
 in 1831, 1349. Post-town, Boyle. 
 
 KILBRITTON, a parish and pre- 
 bend in the Barony of East Carbery, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, on the 
 Arigadeen river. A splendid mansion 
 occupies the site of the ancient castle 
 of Kilbritton. In the village is an 
 annual fair, at which turkeys are the 
 principal articles of sale. Population 
 in 1831, 1607. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 KILBRODERAN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Lower Con- 
 nello, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. Population in 1831, 829. Post- 
 town, Rathkeale. 
 
 KILBROGAN, or KNOCKBROGAN,a 
 parish and prebend in the Barony of 
 Kinalmeaky, county and Diocese of 
 Cork, on the Bandon river, and con- 
 taining part of the town of Bandon 
 Bridge. Population in 1831, 5710. 
 See Bandon. 
 
 KILBRONEY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Orrery and Kil- 
 more, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. Population in 1831, 661. 
 Post-town, Mallow. 
 
 KILBRONEY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Upper Iveagh, 
 county of Down, and Diocese of Dro- 
 more, part of the mountainous and 
 picturesque district in Carlingford, 
 adjoining Rosstrevor. Population in 
 1831, 2672. 
 
 KILBURNE, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Middlethird, 
 county and Diocese of Waterford, 
 partly in the corps of the Deanery, 
 and partly constituting the corps of 
 the Precentorship of Waterford Ca- 
 thedral. Population in 1831, 725. Post- 
 town, Waterford. 
 
 KILCARN, a parochial chapelry in 
 the Barony of Skreene, county and 
 Diocese of Meath, on the Boyne river. 
 Population in 1831, 546. Post-town, 
 Navan. 
 
 KIL CARR, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Bannagh, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 Raphoe, on Teelin Harbour. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 4319. Post-town, Killy- 
 begs. 
 
 KILCARRAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Clan- 
 maurice, county of Kerry, and Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on the Brick 
 river, and containing part of the small 
 village of Lixnaw. See Lexnaw. 
 
 KILCARRAGH, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Gualtier, 
 county and Diocese of Waterford, on 
 the Suir river. Post-town, Water- 
 ford. 
 
 KILCARRICK, a small village on 
 the Barrow river, two miles from 
 Leighlin Bridge, in the parish of Old 
 Leighlin, county of Carlow. 
 
 KILCASH, a parish, impropriate 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Iffa and Offa, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Lismore. The village 
 of Kilcasli is eight miles from Clonmel, 
 and has an annual fair. Population 
 in 1831, 1333. Post-town, Clonmel. 
 
 KILCASHEL, a parish and curacy 
 in the Barony of Arklow, county of 
 Wicklow, and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 comprising a part of the mountainous 
 district of the Ballymurtagh mines, 
 on the Avoca river. Post-town, Rath- 
 drum. 
 
 KILCASKIN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Bere, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Ross, containing a num- 
 ber of hamlets. Population in 1831, 
 4000. Post-town, Bautry. 
 
 KILCASY, or Kilkeasy, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Knocktopher, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 612. Post-town, Knock- 
 topher. 
 
 KILCATERN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bere, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Ross, 
 on the little bay of Kilcatern. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 6042. Post-town, Castle- 
 town. 
 
 KILCHRIST, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Clonderlaugh, coun- 
 ty of Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe, 
 containing the village of Ballinacally. 
 It lies at the confluence of the Fergus 
 507 
 
 with the Shannon, and includes Deer ; 
 Island. Population in 1831, 2569. 
 
 KILCHRIST, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Baronies of Dunkellin and 
 Loughrea, county of Galway, and Dio- 
 cese of Kilmacduagh, on the Gortna- 
 macky stream. The village of Kil- 
 christ, or Kilchreest, is romantically 
 situated on the road from Loughrea 
 to Gort, in the vicinity of the beauti- 
 tiful demesne of Roxborough, and the 
 adjoining residences of Castleboy and 
 Castledaly. Population in 1831, 1703. 
 Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILCLEAGH,aparish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Clonlonan, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath, containing the post-town of 
 Moate. Population in 1831, 6160. 
 
 KILCLIEF, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Lecale, county and Dio- 
 cese of Down, on Lough Strangford, 
 forming part of the corps of the Arch- 
 deacoury of Down. The ruined castle 
 of Kilclief was one of the twenty-seven 
 fortalices built by De Courcy round 
 Lough Strangford at the conquest of 
 Ulster, and is near the entrance of the 
 channel. It was in after times the 
 residence of the Bishops of Down. 
 Population in 1831,841. Post-town, 
 Strangford. 
 
 KILCLOGHAN. See Temple- 
 town. 
 
 KILCLONBROOK, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Stradbally, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of Leigh- 
 lin, in the Union of Tiinogue. Post- 
 town, Stradbally. 
 
 KILCLONE, also Kilcloan and Kil- 
 cloone, a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Upper Deece, county and Dio- 
 cese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 332. Post-town, Kilcock. 
 
 KILCLONEY, a parish and perpe- 
 tual curacy in the Barony of Lower 
 Fews, county and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh. Post town, Markethill. 
 
 KILCLONEY, or Kilclonagh, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Eliogarty, county of Tip- 
 perary, and Diocese of Cashel. Post- 
 town, Thurles. 
 
 KILCLONFERT, a parish, rectory 
 
KIL 
 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Phi- 
 lipstown, King’s County, and Diocese 
 of Kildare. Population in 1831, 1734. 
 Post-town, Philipstown. 
 
 KILCLUNEY, or Kilclooney, an 
 extensive parish in the Baronies of 
 Clare and Clonmacnoon, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tuam, on the 
 sluggish river Suck. The inhabit- 
 ants of this parish, like those of many 
 others in the county, are miserably 
 poor, and appear to derive their prin- 
 cipal subsistence from the sale of turf 
 and milk at Ballinasloe. In this pa- 
 rish are the wretched villages of Kil- 
 cluney and Poolboy. There are se- 
 veral schools in the district for gra- 
 tuitously educating the children. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 7280. Post-town, 
 Ballinasloe. 
 
 KILCOAN, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Barrymore, county and 
 Diocese of Cork. Population in 1831, 
 1418. Post-town, Rathcormack. 
 
 KILCOAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ida, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Ossory, united 
 to the vicarage of Kilbride. Post- 
 town, Callan. 
 
 KILCOCK, a parish and vicarage 
 in the united Baronies of Ikeath and 
 Oughterany, county and Diocese of 
 Kildare. The straggling, irregularly- 
 built, little town of Kilcock is situ- 
 ated on a tributary of the Liffey, in 
 the centre of a peculiarly fertile and 
 well cultivated district, 15 Irish miles 
 from Dublin, on the road from May- 
 nooth to Leixlip. This town is a sta- 
 tion on the Royal Canal, about the 
 same distance as by the post-road from 
 Dublin. The parish church and Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel are spacious edi- 
 fices, without any architectural pre- 
 tensions. This eccentric-looking place 
 is said to derive its name from a cer- 
 tain virgin named St Cocha, who 
 founded a monastery in the vicinity, 
 and who is honoured on the 6th of 
 June annually. On the south of the 
 town are the seats of Hortland (Hort, 
 Bart.),Donadea Castle (Aylmer, Bart.) 
 Whitesto wn, and Pritchar dstown; and 
 on the north are those of Dolinstown 
 508 
 
 KIL 
 
 and Waterstown. The author of a 
 Tour in Connaught gives an amus- 
 ing account of the origin of the name 
 of this town : — 44 We now drew near 
 Kilcock — it is undoubtedly a very poor 
 and ugly place, in the midst of a very 
 fertile soil ; strange, that this should 
 so often occur in Ireland, when the 
 richer the country is the poorer is the 
 town. 4 Is this a great place for cock- 
 fighting,’ says the English rider, * that 
 it is called Kilcock ? Ha, ha ! I to be 
 sure am not the first who have had a 
 fair hit at the number of places in 
 Hireland that by their names denote 
 the pugnacious character of your peo- 
 ple — Kil this, and Knock that, and 
 Slew here, and Drum there — at all 
 events, preserve me from this here 
 place, for I am sure it would well 
 nigh break the heart of a better cock 
 than lam to sojourn here one week !’ 
 4 Gentlemen,* said I, 4 as you are in a 
 merry mood, perhaps I may add to 
 your humour, if I tell you that this 
 town is called after a worthy dame 
 who was abbess of a monastery here, 
 and her name was St Cocca, aunt, as 
 some say, of St Patrick, the nurse, as 
 others have it (dry, I suppose), of St 
 Keeran.’ — * Well, now,’ cries the bag- 
 man, 4 if ever there was a practical 
 bull this here is one, to have an abbess 
 and a woman called Mrs Cock.’ ” Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1730 ; of parish, 2235. 
 
 KILCOCKAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Coshmore and 
 Coshbride, county of Waterford, and 
 Diocese of Lismore, on the Black- 
 water. Population in 1831, 1461. Post- 
 town, Youghal. 
 
 KILCOE, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of West Carbery, county 
 ‘ of Cork, and Diocese of Ross, on the 
 sequestered coast of Roaring- Water 
 Bay. Population in 1831, 3110. Post- 
 town, Skibbereen. 
 
 KILCOE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Upper Iveagh, county 
 and Diocese of Down. Population in 
 1831, 2316. Post-town, Castle wellan. 
 
 KILCOLA, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Boyle, coun. 
 ty of Roscommon, and Diocese of El- 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 phin. Population in 1831, 2363. Post- 
 town, Elphin. 
 
 KILCOLEMAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bar- 
 retts, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. Here are the ruins ofKilcole- 
 man Castle, erected by the Earls of 
 Desmond, the former residence of the 
 illustrious Poet Spencer, and most 
 erroneously stated in some works to 
 have been his birth-place. The au- 
 thor of the Faf.ry Queen was born in 
 East Smithfield, London, about 1533, 
 and proceeded to Ireland in 1580, with 
 Arthur Lord Grey of Wilton, Lord 
 Deputy, and was the secretary of that 
 Viceroy. By the interest of Lord 
 Grey and other noblemen, Spencer 
 obtained a grant of 3028 acres of the 
 forfeited estates of the Earl of Des- 
 mond in 1586; but this good fortune 
 was embittered by the death of one of 
 his patrons, the gallant Sir Philip Sid- 
 ney, at the battle of Zutphen that 
 year. As the royal patent expressly 
 ordered those who received grants of 
 the forfeited lands to reside on their 
 respective properties, Spencer went 
 to Kilcoleman, the neighbourhood of 
 which was then little better than a 
 region of barbarians. Here he was 
 cheered by a visit from Sir Walter 
 Raleigh, and here he wrote the Faery 
 Queen, the three first Books of which 
 were published in 1590; and the Poet 
 was afterwards introduced by Raleigh 
 to Queen Elizabeth, who conferred on 
 him an annual pension of L.50 ster- 
 ling, at that time no despicable sum. 
 In 1596 Spencer presented his “ View 
 of the State of Ireland” to the Queen, 
 a treatise written in the form of a 
 dialogue, and containing some pro- 
 found political views, but for reasons 
 not clearly ascertained, it was not 
 printed till 1636, thirty-five years after 
 the author’s death. Spencer was ap- 
 pointed sheriff of Cork by the Queen 
 in 1598, but the rebellion of Tyrone 
 finished the Poet’s hopes of dignity 
 and emolument. To escape the fury 
 of the insurgents he tied from Kilcole- 
 man Castle, leaving behind him one 
 of his children, who had been forgot - 
 509 
 
 ten in the terror of the moment. The 
 rebels, after pillaging the castle, set 
 fire to it, and the infant perished* in 
 the flames. Spencer did not long sur- 
 vive these calamities, and he died soon 
 after his arrival in England in King 
 Stre et, W estminst er, in J an uary 1 598-9 . 
 Hugoline, the grandson of the Poet, 
 was restored to the estate of Kilcole- 
 man Castle by Charles II., but as he 
 chose to adhere to James II., he was 
 outlawed after the Revolution for 
 high treason. The lands, however, 
 were bestowed on his cousin William, 
 the son of Sylvanus, eldest son of the 
 Poet, through the interest of Mr Mon- 
 tague, afterwards Earl of Halifax, to 
 w'hom he was introduced by Con- 
 greve. In the time of Spencer the 
 Castle of Kilcoleman stood on the 
 margin of a beautiful lake, which w as 
 in the centre of the present spacious 
 plain, the view terminated on the east 
 by the mountains of Waterford coun- 
 ty, and on the north by the Ballyliowra 
 Hills, designated by the Poet the 
 Mountains of Mole. The Nagle Moun- 
 tains form the western boundary, and 
 the lofty ranges of Kerry close in the 
 west. These interesting ruins are 
 within three miles of Doneraile. 
 
 KILCOLEMAN, a parish and im- 
 propriate rectory in the Barony of 
 Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and 
 united Diocese of Ardfert and Agha- 
 doe, including the post-tow r n of Mill- 
 town and the village of Braclchill. 
 A short distance beyond Milltown is 
 Kilcoleman Abbey (Godfrey, Bart.) 
 Population in 1831, 4970. 
 
 KILCOLEMAN, a parish in the 
 Baronies of Ballybrit and Clonlisk, 
 King’s County, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 2199. Post- 
 town, Birr. 
 
 KILCOLEMAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Connello, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. Population in 1831, 465. Post- 
 town, Rathkeale. 
 
 KILCOLEMAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Clanmaurice, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuarn. . 
 Population in 1831, 8388. 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 KILCOLEMAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Costello, county 
 of Mayo, and Barony of Coolavin, 
 county of Sligo, Diocese of Achonry. 
 Population in 1831, 5021. Post-town, 
 Ballaghadireen. 
 
 KILCOLEMANBANE, also Kille- 
 kellmanbane, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of East Mary- 
 borough, Queen’s County, andDiocese 
 of Leighlin. Population in 1831, 1223. 
 Post town, Maryborough. 
 
 KILCOLGAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Dunkellin, Kil- 
 tartan, and Loughrea, county of Gal- 
 way, and Diocese of Kilmacduagh, in 
 which was an ancient Abbey under 
 the government of St Colgan. The 
 village of Kilcolgan is near that of 
 Clara Bridge, in the vicinity of the 
 Cornamart stream, which falls into 
 the Bay of Ballinacourty between the 
 demesnes of Tyrone House and Kil- 
 cornan. Population in 1831, 1240. 
 Post-town, Oranmore. 
 
 KILCOLM, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ida, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Ossory. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2139. Post-town, 
 Waterford. 
 
 KILCOMACK, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Abbey- 
 shruel, Moydow, and Rathcline, county 
 of Longford, and Diocese of Ardagh. 
 Population in 1831, 3008. Post-town, 
 Ballymahon. 
 
 KILCOMB, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of *Scare- 
 walsh and Gorey, county of Wexford, 
 and Diocese of Ferns. Population in 
 1831, 1791. Post-town, Gorey. 
 
 KILCOMENTY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of O wney 
 and Arra, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Populktion in 1831, 
 2447. Post-town, Newport. 
 
 KILCOMIN, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Clonlisk, 
 King’s County, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe, on ihe Brosna river. In ancient 
 times there was a monastery in this 
 parish which boasted of many relics 
 of the Apostles St Peter and St Paul, 
 preseutcd by a holy man named St 
 510 
 
 Comin or Cumene, who died in the 
 seventh century, but the fate of the 
 said relics is unknown. Population in 
 1831, 1791. Post-town, Shinrone. 
 
 KILCOMMADAN HEIGHTS, an 
 elevated tract adjoining the village of 
 Aughrim, county of Galway, on which 
 was fought in 1691 the decisive battle 
 between the forces of William III. 
 under General Ginckel, and those of 
 James II. under General St Ruth, 
 when the latter were totally routed, 
 and their leader killed. 
 
 KILCOMMON, an extensive parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Moycul- 
 len, and Diocese of Tuam. It is bound- 
 ed by the Atlantic on the west, and 
 by Lough Corrib on the east, and is 
 one of the eight rectories which con- 
 stitute the Wardenship of Galway. 
 In this parish is the post-town of Ough- 
 terard, and five inhabited islands be- 
 long to it. Population in 1831, 9488. 
 See OUG-HTERARD. 
 
 KILCOMMON, an extensive parish 
 and vicarage in the Half Barony of 
 Erris and Barony of Tyrawly, county 
 of Mayo, and Diocese of Killala. It 
 lies along the coast of the Atlantic, is 
 indented by Broadhaven, and in- 
 cludes the island of Inisbeagle. This 
 district is remarkably wild and pic- 
 turesque, and the inhabitants are chief- 
 ly engaged in rearing cattle and fishing. 
 Population in 1831, 13,667. Post-town, 
 Killala. See Erris. 
 
 KILCOMMON, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Kil- 
 maine, and Diocese of Tuam, on the 
 Robe river, including the post-town 
 of Hollymount. Population in 1831, 
 6507. See Hollymount. 
 
 KII^COMMON, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Bantry, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, con- 
 stituting with the rectory of Cross- 
 patrick the corps of a prebend. Post- 
 town, Enniscorthy. 
 
 KILCOMMON, a parochial chapelry 
 in the Baronies of Newcastle and Bal- 
 linacor, county of Wicklow, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin, one of the eight be 
 nefices constituting the corps of a 
 prebend. Population in 1831, 3611. 
 
KEL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 KILCONDUFF, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Gallen, county 
 of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 5951. Post-town, 
 Swineford. 
 
 KILCONEY, also Killowen, a pa- 
 rish and entire rectory in the Barony 
 of Kinalmeaky, county and Diocese of 
 Cork. Population in 1831, 369. Post- 
 town, Kinsale. 
 
 KILCONICKNY, a parish and vi- 
 carage respectively in the Baronies of 
 Athenry, Loughrea, and Dunkellin, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Tuam. Population in 1831, 2149. 
 Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILCONIR AN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Athenry, Lough- 
 rea, and Dunkellin, county of Galway, 
 and Diocese of Confert. Population 
 in 1831, 2480. Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILCONLA, or Kilconly, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Do- 
 naghmore or Dunmore, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tuam. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2180. Post-town, 
 Tuam. 
 
 KILCONLY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Iraghti- 
 connor, county of Kerry, and united 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, at 
 the mouth of the Shannon. From 
 Kilconly Point a magnificent view is 
 obtained of the w hole debouch of the 
 Shannon, and the opposite coast of 
 Clare. The celebrated caves of Bal- 
 lybunian are between the estuary of 
 the Cashin and this Point. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1G60. Post-town, Tar- 
 bert. 
 
 KILCONLY, a village, and accord- 
 ing to Beaufort and others, a parish 
 and rectory, in the Barony of Iveragh, 
 county of Kerry, and Diocese of Ard- 
 fert and Aghadoe, but not specified 
 in the Ecclesiastical Register and Po- 
 pulation Returns. Post-town, Cahir- 
 civeen. 
 
 KILCONNELL, a Barony of the 
 county of Galway, divided into twelve 
 parishes, and traversed by the Suck 
 river. 
 
 KILCONNELL, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of its name, Diocese 
 511 
 
 of Clonfert. St Connell, a contem- 
 porary of St Patrick, founded a mo- 
 nastery here ; and a Franciscan Friary 
 was established [about 1400, the fine 
 old ruins of which still remain near 
 the village of Kilconnell, which is up- 
 wards of six Irish miles from Bal- 
 linasloe, on the road to Athenry and 
 Galway. Near it is the residence of 
 Carrowmanagh. Population in 1831, 
 1910. 
 
 KILCONNELL, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 691. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 KILCONRY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Bunratty, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe, on the Shannon. Population 
 in 1831, 793. Post-town, Six-Mile- 
 Bridge. 
 
 KILCONWAY, a Barony of the 
 county of Antrim, divided into eight 
 parishes. The river Main rises in it, 
 and the Bann bounds it on the west. 
 
 KILCOO, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Upper Iveagh, county 
 and Diocese of Down. The village of 
 Kilcoo is a short distance from the 
 post-town of Ratlifriland. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 6520. 
 
 KILCOOL, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Newcastle, county 
 of Wicklow, and Archdiocese of Dub- 
 lin. The village of Kilcool is 16 Irish 
 miles from Dublin, and six miles from 
 Bray on the road to Arklow, and con- 
 tains a good inn. Between the vil- 
 lage and the shore is the salt marsh 
 of Cooldross, said to be efficacious 
 in curing surfeited horses. Near the 
 shore is the residence of Ballygannon. 
 Population in 1831, 2359. 
 
 KILCOOLEY, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Slieveardagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. In the modern demesne of 
 Kilcooley Abbey are the ruins of the 
 Cistertian Abbey founded about 1200. 
 The village of Kilcooley is three miles 
 from Urlingford, on the road to Kil- 
 lenaule. Population in 1831, 3667. 
 Post-town, Freshford.J 
 
KIL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KILCOOLY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Leitrim, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Kilmacduagh. 
 Population in 1831, 644. Post-town, 
 Loughrea. 
 
 KILCOOLY, a parish and curacy 
 in the Barony of Upper Navan, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, forming part 
 of the Union of Trim, or St Mary’s- 
 Trim. 
 
 KILCOOLY, or Kilhooly, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony and 
 county of Roscommon, and Diocese of 
 Elphin. Population in 1831, 1779. 
 Post-town, Strokestown. 
 
 KILCOONAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Clare, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Tuam, on Lough Corrib. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1281. Post-town, Head- 
 ford. 
 
 KILCOP, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Gualtier, county 
 and Diocese of Waterford, on Water- 
 ford Harbour. 
 
 KILCOR, or Kilcarr, a village in 
 the parish of its name, county of Do- 
 negal, five miles from Killybegs. See 
 Kilcarr. 
 
 KILCORBAN, a village in the Ba- 
 rony of Dunkellin, county of Galway, 
 at which are the ruins of a chapel de- 
 dicated to St Corban, and alleged to 
 be as ancient as A.D. 732. In this 
 chapel was an image of the Virgin, 
 to which miraculous powers were 
 ascribed, and this image is still pre- 
 served by a branch of the Burgh fa- 
 mily, but it has long ceased to be con- 
 nected with the marvellous. Post- 
 town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILCORCORAN, a small parish 
 and impropriate curacy in the Barony 
 of Duhallow, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne. Population in 
 1831, 506. 
 
 KILCORKEY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bal- 
 lintobber, county of Roscommon, and 
 Diocese of Elphin, having a village of 
 its name at w'hich fairs are held on 
 the 17th of March, 3d of August, and 
 29th of September. Population in 
 1831, 2897. Post-town, Castlerea. 
 
 512 
 
 KILCORMUCK. See Frankford. 
 
 KILCORMUCK, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Ballaghkeen 
 and Gorey, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns. Population in 1831, 
 2500. Post-town, Ferns. 
 
 KILCORMUCK, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Fassadining, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. See Ballyragget. 
 
 KILCORNAN, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Kenry, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Limerick. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3840. Post-town, As- 
 keaton. 
 
 KILCORNAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Emly. The village and 
 demesne of Kilcornan are three miles 
 from Oranmore, on the cross-road to 
 Gort, near the debouch of the Moy- 
 villa stream into Ballinacourty Bay. 
 Population in 1831, 153. 
 
 KILCORNEY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of West Mus- 
 kerry, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. Populationinl831, 1257. Post- 
 town, Millstreet. 
 
 KILCORNEU, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bur- 
 rin, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Kilfenora. Population in 1831, 335. 
 Post-town, Ennistymond. 
 
 KILCOUKSIE, a Barony of the 
 King’s County, divided into four pa- 
 rishes, and containing the small town 
 of Clara. It gives the title of Vis- 
 count to the Noble Family of Lam- 
 bert Earls of Cavan. 
 
 KILCOWAN, or Kilcoan, a pa- 
 rish and impropriate rectory in the 
 Barony of Bargie, county of Wexford, 
 and Dfocese of Ferns, on the coast. 
 Population in 1831, 557. 
 
 KILCOWANMORE, a parish and 
 impropriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Shelraalier, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, connected with 
 Horetown. Post-town, Taghmon. 
 
 KILCREA, a very small hamlet 
 about twelve miles from Cork, at 
 which is the ruined Friary or Abbey 
 of Kilcrea, occupying a beautiful and 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 retired situation on a green bank 
 above the Bride stream, at the ex- 
 tremity of a long valley which ex- 
 tends several miles to the west. An 
 avenue of tall elms and ash trees 
 leads from the hamlet to the church, 
 and the Bride is crossed by a very an- 
 cient narrow bridge of several small 
 arches. The ruined abbey is sur- 
 rounded by a cemetery inclosed by 
 low walls of stones and earth, and, 
 says Mr Windele, “ nearer to the build- 
 ing, of human bones and skulls, the 
 latter displaying in their toothless- 
 ness the visits and researches of den- 
 tists. The whole pile is divided into 
 two principal parts — the convent and 
 the church, the latter, as do in ge- 
 neral all our Irish structures of a 
 similar character, standing at the 
 south side of the former, 150 feet in 
 length, and consisting of the nave, 
 choir, and south transept. At the 
 intersection of the nave and choir 
 stands the steeple or belfry, a plain 
 spireless tower, about 80 feet high, 
 surmounted by a parapet.” In the 
 north wall of the choir a low pointed 
 door leads into what is called the 
 Earl's Chamber , and some other apart- 
 ments shown by the local guides. This 
 monastery was founded about 1470 or 
 1478 for Franciscans, and with the 
 exception of the south wall of the 
 nave and the west wall of the transept, 
 the ruins are in tolerable preserva- 
 tion. The Franciscans in Cork still 
 claim this monastery. Among the 
 numerous tombs is a low altar, one 
 in the south-east angle of the nave, 
 covering the grave of Arthur O’Leary 
 the Outlaw, who was killed in an en- 
 counter with the military in 1773. A 
 short distance west of the Friary is 
 the Castle of Kilcrea, a square tower 
 70 feet high, having a fortified area 
 50 feet long by 40 feet broad, on the 
 east side, and defended by curtain 
 walls and two square vaulted towers, 
 now greatly dilapidated. This Castle 
 was built by Cormac, Lord of Mus- 
 kerry, the founder of the Monastery, 
 and is nearly in the centre of the val- 
 ley, a short distance from the Bride. 
 513 
 
 The peasantry believe that this Castle 
 is haunted by zphooka, or mischievous 
 spirit, in the form of a black crow. 
 The gold-seekers have left numerous 
 traces of their villanous labours both 
 in the Castle and Abbey, but an iron 
 door now protects the former. The 
 stately oaks and other trees which 
 surrounded Kilcrea Castle have long 
 disappeared, and though a few shrubs 
 and trees are planted, the tower stands 
 in sequestered and ruined loneliness. 
 
 KILCREDAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Imo- 
 killy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, on the coast. Population in 
 1831, 634. Post-town, Castle-Martyr. 
 
 KILCREDAN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Barrymore, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Post- 
 town, Rathcormack. 
 
 KILCREDAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Magonihy, 
 county of Kerry, and united Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Post-town. 
 Milltown. 
 
 KILCROAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Half Barony of Ballymore, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Elphin. Population in 1831, 2329. 
 Post-town, Roscommon. 
 
 KILCROGHAN, or Kilcokhan, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Coshbride, county of Waterford, and 
 Diocese of Lismore, on the Black- 
 water. Population in 1831, 1461. 
 Post-town, Dungarvan. 
 
 KILCROHANE, an extensive pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Dunkerrin, county of Kerry, 
 and united Diocese of Ardfert and 
 Aghadoe. It comprises the district 
 bounded on the east by the Black- 
 water River, on the south by the Ken- 
 mare River or estuary, and on the 
 west by the ocean. In this parish is 
 shown St Kieran’s Hermitage, an ex- 
 cavated cave, in which it is alleged he 
 composed his rules for monks. The 
 ruins of an abbey, founded for Canons 
 Regular of St Augustine in the seventh 
 century, are at Aghamore, on the 
 western extremity of the parish ; and 
 at Cahirdonnel is an old circular 
 
K1L 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KIL 
 
 building, conjectured by some to have 
 been an amphitheatre, but about 
 which nothing is accurately known. 
 Population in 1831, 9468. Post-town, 
 Cahirciveen. 
 
 KILCROHANE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of West Car- 
 bery, county and Diocese of Cork. 
 Population in 1831, 4317. Post-town, 
 Bantry. 
 
 KILCRONAGHAN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Loughinsholin, county of London- 
 derry, aud Diocese of Derry. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 4185. Post-town, Tub- 
 bermore. 
 
 KILCRUMPER, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the united Baronies of Clon- 
 dons and Clongibbons, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne, near the 
 Funcheon River. Population in 1831, 
 1408. Post-town, Kilworth. 
 
 KILCULLEN, a small Barony in 
 the eastern part of the county of Kil- 
 dare, divided into the parishes of Kil- 
 cullen and Tully. 
 
 KILCULLEN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of its name, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. The town of 
 Kilccllen-Bridge is upwards of 21 
 Irish miles from Dublin by Rathcoole 
 and Naas, and is pleasantly situated on 
 the banks of the Liffey, which here 
 flows through a deep, winding, and 
 beautiful vale, dividing the town into 
 two portions. Several fairs are held 
 throughout the year, but the town 
 has no trade or manufactures. It is, 
 however, a considerable market for 
 grain. Two miles from it are the 
 ruins of Old Kilcullen — a very ancient 
 place, formerly inclosed by walls, and 
 entered by seven gates, the vestiges of 
 one of which still remain. The mo- 
 nastery or abbey was founded about 
 the middle of the fifth century, and 
 the ruins, with a round tower, are 
 conspicuous objects on the summit of 
 a hill. In the vicinity is a stone cross 
 | ornamented with curious sculptures. 
 
 ; This town and abbey were plundered 
 I by the Danes in A.D. 936, 944, and 
 1037. The erection of the bridge 
 over the Liffey in 1319, which began 
 514 
 
 the present town of Kilcullen-Bridge, 
 greatly injured this now deserted 
 place. In 1798 the rebels obtained a 
 temporary advantage here, but were at 
 length finally defeated. In this quarter 
 are the residences of Castle Martin, 
 Sallymount, several villas, and the 
 ruins of New Abbey. Population of 
 town in 1831, 699; of parish, 2918. 
 
 KILCULLIHEEN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Ida, county of Waterford, and Diocese 
 of Ossory, on the Suir. Post-town, 
 Waterford. 
 
 KILCULLY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarge, in the county of the city and 
 Diocese of Cork. Population in 1831, 
 418. Post-town, Cork. 
 
 KILCUMMER, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Fer- 
 moy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, having a village of its name 
 three miles from Doneraile. 
 
 KILCUMMIN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Magonihy, coun- 
 ty of Kerry, and uuited Diocese of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe, annexed to the 
 vicarage of Killarney. Population in 
 1831, 6637. See Killarney. 
 
 KILCUMMIN BAY, a creek be- 
 tween Rathlacken Point and Kilcum- 
 min Head, county of Mayo, six miles 
 north of Killala, at which place about 
 1000 French, under General Humbert, 
 effected a hostile landing in 1798. 
 
 KILCUMNEY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Delvin, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 870. Post- 
 town, Castletown-Delvin. 
 
 KILCUMRIRAGH, also Kilcfm 
 reagh, a parochial chapelry in the 
 Baronies of Clonlonan and Moycashel, 
 county of Westmeath, and a part in 
 the Barony of Kilcoursie, King’s Coun- 
 ty, and Diocese of Meath. Population 
 in 1831, 3787. Post-town, Kilbeggan. 
 
 KILCURFIN, a parochial division 
 in the Barony of Barrymore, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on 
 the north shore of Cork Harbour. 
 
 KILDACOMOGE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Baronies of Carragh 
 and Gallen, county of Mayo, aud Dio- 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 cese of Tuam. Population in 1831, 
 2956. Post-town, Castlebar. 
 
 KILDALKY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Lune, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. The village 
 of Kildalky is near the cross-road to 
 Athboy, and near it is Moyrath Castle. 
 Population in 1831, 2931. Post-town, 
 Trim. 
 
 KILDALLEN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Tullaghonolio, 
 county of Cavan, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more. Population in 1831, 4246. Post- 
 town, Ballyconnell. 
 
 KILDALLOCK, a parochial grange 
 within the Liberties of the town of 
 Coleraine. See Coleraine. 
 
 KILDANGAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Ophaly, county 
 and Diocese of Kildare, having a vil- 
 lage of its name, five miles Irom the 
 town of Kildare. Population in 1831, 
 122 . 
 
 KU.DARE, a Bishop’s See in the 
 Arcliiepiscopal Province of Dublin, 
 comprising parts of the three coun- 
 ties of Kildare, King’s County, and 
 Queen’s County, extending from east 
 to west 46 statute miles, and from 
 north to south 29 miles. In 1834 the 
 Diocese included 80 parishes, consti- 
 tuting 41 benefices; and the parochial 
 edific es of the Church of Ireland were 
 35; Roman Catholic chapels, 110; 
 Dissenting meeting-houses, 4. The 
 population of the Diocese in that year 
 amounted to 134,536, of whom 13,907 
 were members of the Church of Ire- 
 land, 120,056 were Roman Catholics, 
 and the rest were Dissenters of vari- 
 ous denominations. There w r ere also 
 215 daily schools, educating 12,633 
 young persons, of which 44 were in 
 connection with the National Board 
 of Education. The Chapter of Kil- 
 dare consists of the Dean, Precentor, 
 Chancellor, Treasurer, Archdeacon, 
 four Prebendaries, and four Minor 
 Canons. This See is said to have 
 been founded by St Conlaeth, a fol- 
 lower of St Bridget, whose death is 
 dated A.D. 519. He was succeeded 
 by St Aid or St Aodli Dubh, who had 
 been King of Leinster before he re- 
 515 
 
 tired from secular affairs He died 
 A.D. 638, but the names of the Bishops 
 between St Conlaeth and St Aid are 
 not preserved. Most of their suc- 
 cessors, down to the thirteenth cen- 
 tury, had most extraordinary names ; 
 and three in the ninth and tenth cen- 
 turies are recorded as having been 
 killed in battle with the Danes. 
 Bishop Edmund Lane, the sixty-fifth 
 in succession from St Conlaeth, was 
 induced by the Earl of Kildare to as- 
 sist at the mock coronation of the im- 
 postor Lambert Simnel, but was after- 
 wards pardoned. Thomas Lancaster 
 was the first Protestant Bishop of 
 Kildare, and w r as consecrated by 
 Archbishop Browne of Dublin in 
 July 1550. His successor, Bishop 
 Liverous, was deprived for refusing 
 the oath of supremacy ; and Bishop 
 Craik, who held the See from 1560 to 
 1564, greatly impoverished it, by ex- 
 changing most of the lands and ma- 
 nors of the Bishopric with c/ne Sars 
 field, taking some tithes of little valu 
 in return. This so greatly reduced 
 the revenues, that since 1681 the 
 Bishops of Kilda e have always held 
 the Deanery of Christ Church, Dub- 
 lin, and the Preceptory of Tully in 
 commendam. In 1841 the income of 
 the See was stated to be L.6278 ; but 
 the gross annual revenue on an aver- 
 age of three years, ending 31st De- 
 cember 1831, was L.6451. By the 
 act of 1833 this Bishopric was united 
 to the See of Dublin by avoidance; 
 the Deanery of Christ Church and the 
 Preceptory of Tully were annexed to 
 the Deanery of St Patrick’s, Dublin ; 
 and the temporalities, including 911 
 acres, vested in the Ecclesiastical 
 Commissioners. There is no episco- 
 pal residence within the Diocese, and 
 the choir is the only portion of the 
 Cathedral now in use, the fabric hav- 
 ing been reduced to ruins in the Par- 
 liamentary War. 
 
 KILDARE, an inland county of the 
 Province of Leinster, is ‘bounded on 
 the west by King’s and Queen’s Coun- 
 ties, on the south by the county of 
 Carlow, on the east by those of Dub- 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 lin and Wicklow, and on the north by 
 Meath. The greatest length from 
 north to south is stated to be 40A Eng- 
 lish miles, and the greatest breadth 
 from east to west is 26f English miles. 
 The area is computed to be 61 3 square 
 miles, or 392,435 English acres, . of 
 which 325,988 are cultivated, and 66,447 
 are unimproved mountain and bog. 
 The county is divided into the follow- 
 ing Baronies 1. Carbery on the 
 north-west ; 2. Ikeathy and Oughter- 
 any on the north ; 3. Salt North on the 
 north-east; 4. Salt South; 5. Naas 
 North on the east; 6. Naas South ; 7. 
 Kilcullen on the east ; 8. Narragh and 
 Rheban East; 9. Kilkea and Moone 
 on the south; 10. Ophaly East; 11. 
 Ophaly West; 12. Clane, in the centre ; 
 13. Connell, in the southern centre. 
 The county is intersected by the 
 Grand Canal and its branches to Athy 
 and the town of Kildare ; and on the 
 north partly by the Royal Canal. The 
 Railway from Dublin, for which an 
 act of Parliament has been obtained, 
 passes in two branches through the 
 county. 
 
 Kildare is probably the most level 
 of the Irish counties. The only con- 
 siderable elevations are the Hills of 
 Rathcoole, which form the western 
 extremity of the Dublin Mountains ; 
 and a detached group, consisting of 
 the Red Hill, Dunmurry Hill, Grange 
 Hill, and the Hill of Allen, which oc- 
 cupy part of the southern margin of 
 the Bog of Allen in the central north- 
 ern division of the county. A kind 
 of open table land stretches from the 
 southern base of this group to the 
 acclivities of the Wicklow Mountains, 
 dividing the central and southern 
 parts of the county into districts, one 
 of which slopes towards the Liffey on 
 the east, and the other towards the 
 Barrow on the west. The southern 
 boundary of the basin of the Boyne 
 on the west is formed by the upland 
 tract which spreads east and v^est 
 north of the Dunmurry group, and is 
 the north and west boundary of the 
 valley of the Liffey. Upwards of 
 50,000 acres of the vast peat bog dis- 
 516 
 
 trict of Allen is in this quarter, which 
 is traversed by the Grand and Royal 
 Canals in nearly parallel lines. 
 
 The principal river is the Liffey, 
 which enters the county from Wick- 
 low not far from Blessington, and 
 leaves it at Leixlip. This river re- 
 ceives several tributary streams in its 
 picturesque course through the val- 
 ley formed by the western slope of 
 the Dublin Mountains and the table 
 land of Kildare. The western bank 
 of the river, from the point, at which 
 it enters the county, to Leixlip on the 
 Dublin boundary, is adorned by a 
 succession of splendid demesnes and 
 residences of the first class, such as 
 Killadoon, the seat of the Earl of Lei- 
 trim ; Castletown, on the opposite side 
 of the river, near the line of the Grand 
 Canal ; and Lyons Castle, the seat of 
 Lord Cloncurry. At Leixlip the 
 banks of the Liffey are steep and fine- 
 ly wooded, and the river for a consi- 
 derable distance forms a series of 
 rapids. A ledge of rock, about ten 
 feet in height, called the Salmon Leap, 
 stretches across the channel, and is a 
 great object of attraction. 
 
 The district which slopes towards 
 the Barrow comprises the western 
 part of the county from the Bog of 
 Allen to the county of Carlow, and is 
 divided into three open vales by low 
 parallel ranges of undulating ground. 
 The most northern of these vales is 
 watered by the Feagile and Little 
 Barrow or Rathangan streams, which 
 unite at the lower extremity of the 
 valley, and join the Barrow where 
 that river becomes the Kildare boun- 
 dary. The north side of the valley 
 is boggy, but the south side is open 
 and arable. The Barrow is crossed 
 at the town of Monasterevan, near 
 this junction, by the branch of the 
 Grand Canal. In this quarter the 
 country is well improved, and is or- 
 namented by Moore Abbey, the splen- 
 did demesne of the Marquis of Drog- 
 heda. The Finnery traverses an open 
 tract of country eight miles square, 
 including a series of low detached 
 hills, extending in a north-easterly 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KIL 
 
 direction from Athy to Old Kilcullen. 
 The district surrounding the Curragh 
 of Kildare is under tillage, except the 
 Curragh itself, a common including 
 upwards of 3000 Irish acres, which ex- 
 tends six English miles between the 
 towns of Kildare and Kilcullen. The 
 fertile tract watered by the Greece 
 and Leir, which join the Barrow at 
 the southern extremity of the county, 
 stretches south and east from the 
 range of hills whlfch successively oc- 
 cur between Athy and Kilcullen. The 
 north-west part of the county, extend- 
 ing from the Bog of Allen to the 
 Boyne, is open, and is chiefly in pas- 
 tured 
 
 The soil is for the most part a rich 
 loam resting on limestone or clay 
 slate, and great quantities of grain are 
 sold by sample at the different mills 
 and corn stores, or sent by the canals 
 to Dublin. The milling trade is most 
 extensively carried on, but the manu- 
 factures are limited, and in 1841 ap- 
 pear to have been confined to Inchy- 
 guire near Ballytore, which is the 
 seat of a cotton factory, and to Cel- 
 bridge, where woollens are produced. 
 The condition of the peasantry is de- 
 scribed as better than in most of the 
 neighbouring counties. Immense 
 quantities of peat are cut along the 
 line of the Grand Canal for sale in Dub- 
 lin (see Allem). The useful mine- 
 rals of this county are comparatively 
 few. On Dunmurry Hill indications 
 of copper have been observed, but no 
 mining operations were carried on 
 within the county in 1841. 
 
 Kildare contains numerous memo- 
 rials of antiquity, and earthen w orks 
 partly military and partly sepulchral. 
 Of the former may be noticed the 
 rath of Knockawley, the Palace of 
 Allen about a mile west of Kilcullen, 
 the Moat of Mullamast, the ancient 
 Cannon near Ballytore ; of the latter 
 several mounds are on the Curragh. 
 Pillars of large dimensions are at 
 Mullamast, Kilgowan, Forenaughts, 
 Punch's Town, and Harristown ; 
 round towers at Kildare, Taghadoe, 
 Kilcullen, Castledermot, and Oughter- 
 517 
 
 ard, and many ancient castles, of which 
 those of Donadea, Kilkea, and Leix- 
 lip, are still habitable. The eccle- 
 siastical ruins are also numerous. 
 
 The former history of the county is 
 connected with the Fitzgerald family, 
 now represented by the Dukes of 
 Leinster, the Knight of Kerry, and 
 others of that illustrious House. Dur- 
 ing the Rebellion of 1641, and the 
 troubles which ensued, the county 
 was the scene of several important 
 military operations, particularly the 
 battle of Kilrusb, fought in April 1642 
 between the Royalists under the Earl 
 of Ormond, and the Roman Catholic 
 army commanded by Lord Mount- 
 garret, when the latter w ere complete- 
 ly defeated. During the war subse- 
 quent to the Revolution of 1 688, the 
 Kildare Fitzgeralds, who had been 
 active in promoting the Restoration 
 of Charles II., zealously supported 
 William III. and the Protestant cause. 
 Several sanguinary engagements took 
 place between the military and the 
 rebels in this county during the Rebel- 
 lion in 1798. 
 
 The assizes are held alternately at 
 Athy and Naas, and general quarter- 
 sessions at those towns, Maynooth, and 
 Kildare. The Lunatic Asylum for 
 the county is at Carlow, and the In- 
 firmary at Kildare, but Dispensaries 
 are in all the towms and large villages. 
 The cost of maintaining the constabu- 
 lary force is between L.9000 and 
 L. 10,000, one-half of which is defrayed 
 by the county, and the other expenses 
 by Grand Jury presentments. Kil- 
 dare returns two members to the Im- 
 perial Parliament ; constituency in 
 1840-1, 1244 ; population in 1831, 
 108,424. 
 
 KILDARE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of East Ophaly, county 
 and Diocese of its name. The little 
 episcopal town of Kildare, upwards 
 of 25 Irish miles from Dublin by Naas 
 and Newbridge, is a place of consi- 
 derable antiquity, situated on an ele- 
 vated tract at the end of the plain 
 called the Curragh. This town was 
 constituted a borough by James I., 
 2 x 
 
KIL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KIL 
 
 and it returned two members to the 
 Irish Parliament, but was disfranchis- 
 ed at the Union. The public build- 
 ings are the Cathedral, Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel, Market House, and parish 
 schoolhouse. The Cathedral was 
 long for the most part in ruins, the 
 choir being used as the parish church, 
 but the walls of the whole edifice are 
 still standing, and the whole has been 
 repaired in the most wretched taste. 
 The former steeple is said to have 
 been beaten down by a volley of can- 
 non in 1641. This church was dedi- 
 cated to St Bridgid, the alleged ille- 
 gitimate daughter of an Irish chief, 
 said to have been born A.D. 453. 
 While only in her fourteenth year 
 this damsel received the veil from the 
 hands of the great St Patrick, and 
 soon afterwards made a pilgrimage to 
 Glastonbury in Somersetshire. Pre- 
 vious to A.D. 484, she founded a nun- 
 nery at Kildare, which she very con- 
 veniently placed under the same roof 
 with an abbey for monks, built about 
 the same time ; but to avoid all cause 
 of scandal, the holy men were sepa- 
 rated from the pious sisterhood by a 
 wall. The church was common to 
 both, and was entered by the monks 
 on one side, and by the nuns at a door 
 opposite. Both monks and nuns were 
 subject to the Abbess many years 
 after the death of St Bridgid, and that 
 event is dated A.D. 523, in her 70th 
 year. She was interred in the Abbey 
 at Kildare, but her body was after- 
 wards removed to Downpatrick, and 
 laid beside those of St Patrick and St 
 Columb. Near the very perfect round 
 tower, 130 feet high, are the remains 
 of a small building of great antiquity 
 called the Fire House , in which it is 
 supposed the nuns of St Bridgid kept 
 the unextinguisliable fire. This super- 
 stitious folly was suppressed by Arch- 
 bishop Henry de Loundres in the 
 thirteenth century, but was after- 
 wards revived, and only ceased’ finally 
 at the Reformation. In the vicinity 
 of the pillar tower, which is in the 
 churchyard, are fragments of sculp- 
 tured crosses. Some of the ruins are 
 *18 
 
 still seen, on the south side of the 
 town, of the Grey Abbey, founded in 
 1260 for Grey Friars, or Franciscans, 
 by Lord William de Vesey, and com- 
 pleted by Gerald Lord Ophaly. A 
 CaTmelite Friary was also founded 
 here by Lord William de Vesey in 
 1290. The town contains the remains 
 of an ancient castle, which occupies 
 a conspicuous place in the history of 
 the Civil Wars, and other times of- 
 trouble. A College was founded at 
 Kildare by one of the Bishops in the 
 sixteenth century for the residence 
 of the members of the Chapter, which 
 was allowed to decay, and a canon re- 
 sidentiary represents that body. The 
 Diocesan School was founded in con- 
 formity to the Act 12th Elizabeth, and 
 the salary of the master, who is ap- 
 pointed by the Bishop, is L.60. 
 
 The large plain already mentioned, 
 known as the Curragh of Kildare, and 
 including 3000 Irish, or according to 
 some, 4858 statute acres, is the pro- 
 perty of the Crown, and is under the 
 charge of a ranger, who is appointed 
 by Government. It extends six sta 
 tute miles along the crest of the table 
 land between Kildare and Kilcullen, 
 and is intersected by the road from 
 Naas upwards of two miles. The 
 Curragh is a celebrated race-ground, 
 the turf throughout being close and 
 elastic, and the surface smoothly un- 
 dulating ; but the vast plain has never- 
 theless a bleak appearance, and con- 
 trasts strongly with the naturally rich 
 and improved country between it and 
 Naas. Though the property of the 
 Crown, the neighbouring proprietors 
 have the right, under certain restric- 
 tions, of grazing sheep ; and the Cur- 
 ragh is the principal sheep walk in the 
 county of Kildare ; but there are rich 
 fattening lands in the Baronies of 
 Carbery, Clane, and North and South 
 Salt, in the north-western and north- 
 eastern portions of the county. On 
 the Curragh are still to be seen sepul- 
 chral remains, and if we are to credit 
 the statement of Giraldus Cambrensis, 
 it contained in his time a monument 
 similar to the famous Stonehenge. 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KIL 
 
 The district between Kildare and 
 Monasterevan, a distance of five Irish 
 miles, contains no objects of particular 
 interest. It is bounded on the right 
 by the low hilly range called the Hill 
 of Allen, the Chair of the Earl of 
 Kildare, and the Red Hills ; and on the 
 left by a great tract of bog and low 
 land stretching towards Athy. 
 
 The town of Kildare is a poor and 
 insignificant place — a miserable me- 
 morial of its former importance. It 
 consists chiefly of one rather good 
 street with diverging lanes. In the 
 vicinity are the residences of Rath- 
 bride, Dunmurry, Maddenstown, and 
 Moortown. Kildare gives the title 
 of Marquis to the Duke of Leinster. 
 John Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald, sixth 
 Lord Ophaly by creation, but seventh 
 Lord by tenure, was created Earl of 
 Kildare in 1316. James, twentieth 
 ! Earl, was advanced to the dignity of 
 Marquis of Kildare in 1761, and Duke 
 of Leinster in 1766. Population of 
 the town in 1831, 1753. 
 
 KILD AVIN, a village in the parish 
 of Barragh, county of Carlow, six 
 miles from Tullow, on the road to 
 Newtownbarry, pleasantly situated in 
 the valley near the junction of the 
 Derry stream with the Slaney river. 
 The road in this direction from the 
 village to Newtownbarry lies over a 
 part of the high grounds connected 
 with the Mount Leinster and Black- 
 stairs Mountains. A mile from Kil- 
 davinis the neat post-village of Clone- 
 gal, and in the vicinity are the villas 
 of Huntingdon, Sandhills, and Pros- 
 pect. 
 
 KILD AVIN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Forth, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 513. Post-town, 
 Wexford. 
 
 KILDECAMOGUE, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Carra and Gallen, county of Mayo, and 
 Diocese of Tuam. Population in 1831, 
 3642. Post-town, Castlebar. 
 
 KILDEEMO, a parish and entire 
 rectory, having a village of its name, 
 in the Barony of Keni'y, county of 
 519 
 
 Limerick, forming part of the corps 
 of the Archdeaconry of that Diocese, 
 near the Maize river. Population in 
 1831, 3357. Post-town, Adair. 
 
 KILDELLIG, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Upper Ossory, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Ossory. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 432. Post-town, 
 Borres-in- Ossory. 
 
 KILDEMOCK, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ardee, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. Population in 1831, 815. 
 Post-town, Ardee. 
 
 KILDERRY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Gowran, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. Post-town. Kilkenny. 
 
 K1LDERRYDADRUM. See Agh- 
 
 NAMADJ.E. 
 
 KILDORRERY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in a detached part of the Baronies 
 of Condons and Clongibbons, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. The 
 village of Kildorrery is four Irish 
 miles from Mitchelstown, and six 
 miles from Doneraiie, on the road 
 between these towns, through a fertile 
 valley watered by the Funcheon in its 
 course to the Black water. Between 
 Mitchelstown and the village, half- 
 way, are the ruins of Carriganoura 
 Castle ; and in the vicinity of Kildor- 
 rery are the residences of Clogher 
 and Bowenscourt. Several fairs are 
 held during the year. Population in 
 1831, 1986. 
 
 KILDRESS, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Dungannon, county 
 of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh. Population in 1831, 7062. 
 Post-town, Cookstown. 
 
 KILDROUGHT. See Celbridge. 
 
 KILDRUM, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Corkaguiney, county 
 of Kerry, and annexed Diocese of Ard- 
 fert and Aghadoe. Population in 
 1831,1090. Post-town, Dingle. 
 
 KILDRUMFERTON, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Mohill, 
 county of Leitrim, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more. Post-town, Mohill. 
 
 K1LDYSART, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Clanderlagh, 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe, extending along the Shannon. 
 The Coscory, Inisturhet, Low, Inis- 
 herk, Horse, and Canon Islands, all 
 inhabited, belong to the parish. The 
 improving post-village of Kildysart is 
 twelve miles from Ennis on the road 
 to Kilrusb. This is one of the old 
 lines of road, ill-constructed and hilly, 
 and seldom travelled except by per- 
 sons who have business in that part 
 of the country. Near the village is 
 the residence of Cahircon, in a beau- 
 tiful and romantic demesne on the 
 Shannon. Population in 1831, 4501. 
 
 KILFANE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Gowran, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 898. Pest-town, 
 Thomastown. 
 
 KILFARBOY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ibrick- 
 an, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe, near the sea- coast. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 6389. Post-town, En- 
 nis tymon. 
 
 KILFAUGHNAGHBEG, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Car- 
 bery, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Ross, on Glandore Harbour. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2461. Post-town, Ross- 
 carbery. 
 
 KILFEACLE, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Population in 1831, 2033. 
 Post-towr., Tipnerary. 
 
 KlLFEDANE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Clanderlaugh, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe, on the Shannon. Population in 
 1831, 4165. Post-town, Kildysart. 
 
 KILFEIGHNEY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Clanmaurice, 
 county of Kerry, and annexed Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Population 
 in 1831, 1918. Post-town, Listowell. 
 
 KILFENNY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Upper Con- 
 nello, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick, being a part of the corps of the 
 Precentorship of the Cathedral. Se- 
 veral fairs are held on the Common 
 of Kilfenny. Population in 1831, 1918. 
 
 520 
 
 KILFENORA, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cor- 
 comroe, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of its name. The poor village of Kil- 
 fenora is four miles from Ennisty- 
 mon, on the road to Burrin, sur- 
 rounded by land of good quality, in ra- 
 ther good cultivation. In the church- 
 yard is a fragment of the old abbey, 
 recorded in the Annals of Munster to 
 have been burnt by Murrough O’Brien, 
 who killed several persons in it in 
 1055 ; and in the entrance are several 
 ancient stone crosses. In the nave of 
 the church are some old monuments 
 and devices ; and in the choir is the 
 tomb of the patron, St Fachnan, a dis- 
 ciple of St Bar, who flourished in the 
 seventh century. Near the village are 
 the Deanery House and the residence 
 of Bally kale. The Bishopric of Kil- 
 fenora, otherwise Tenabore, was 
 founded in the twelfth or thirteenth 
 century, at least the first Bishop on 
 record is Christian, who died in 1254; 
 but some allege that the origin of the 
 See may be ascribed to St Fachnan. A 
 succession of thirteen Bishops is given 
 from the episcopate of Christian to 
 1602; and Bishop Bernard Adams of 
 Limerick held the See by dispensa^ 
 tion from 1606 to 1617, when he re- 
 signed it, and Bishop Steele, after- 
 wards translated to Ardfert, was ap- 
 pointed. Kilfenora remained a dis- 
 tinct See until after the Restoration, 
 when it was annexed to the Diocese 
 of Tuam, and continued under the 
 jurisdiction of the Archbishops to 
 1741, when it was given in commendam 
 to the Bishop of Clonfert ; but in 1752 
 it was transferred to the Bishops of 
 Killaloe,/ with whom it now remains, 
 in conjunction with Clonfert and Kil- 
 macduagh. The arrangements, how- 
 ever, are different in the Roman Ca- 
 tholic hierarchy. The See of Kilfe- 
 nora is the smallest and poorest in 
 Ireland. It comprises only thirteen 
 parishes in the ancient district of 
 Thomond, now the Barony of Cor- 
 comroe, and its revenues were so in- 
 considerable that Bishop Richard 
 Betts, who was appointed in the reign 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 of James I., would not accept. The 
 Chapter consists of the Dean, Pre- 
 centor, Chancellor, Treasurer, and 
 Archdeacon. Population of village 
 in 1831, 588 ; of the parish, 2752. Post- 
 town, Ennistymon. 
 
 KILFERA, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Shillilogher, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 in the Union of Burnchurch. Post- 
 town, Kilkenny. 
 
 KILFIAN, or Kilflix, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Tyrawley, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala. Population in 1831, 5656. Post- 
 town, Killala. 
 
 KILFIERNAGH, also Kilfieragh 
 and KVfearmagh, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Moy- 
 fertagh, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of KUlaloe, on the Atlantic. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 6239. Post-town, Kil- 
 rush. 
 
 KILFINAGIITY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Tal- 
 lagh, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe, in the Union of B unrat tv, 
 one mile from the post- village of Six- 
 Mile-Bridge. Population in 1831, 4132. 
 See Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 KILFINNAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Coshlea, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick. The vil- 
 lage of Kilfinnan is upwards of six 
 miles from the decayed town of Kil- 
 mallock, among the Castle Oliver Hills. 
 Near it is the residence of Spa-Hill; 
 and a little farther on the road from 
 Limerick to Cork by Kildorrery, are 
 the remains of Castle Oliver demesne, 
 once a fine mountain seat. In the 
 village are several schools, and fairs 
 are held in May, August, and Octo- 
 ber. Population of the village in 1831, 
 1752; of parish, 4437. Post-town, Kil- 
 mallock. 
 
 KILFINTINAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Bunratty, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 2856. Post-town, Six- 
 Mile-Bridge. 
 
 KILFITHMONE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Elio- 
 garty, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 
 521 
 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 655. Post-town, Teraplemore. 
 
 KILFLIN. See Kilfian. 
 
 KILFLIN, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Clanmaurice, county of 
 Kerry, and annexed Diocese of Ao*d- 
 fert and Agliadoe. Population in 1831, 
 1072. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 KILFLIN, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Coshlea, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick. Population 
 in 1831, 1562. Post-town, Ivilmallock. 
 
 K1LFREE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Coolavin, county of 
 Sligo, and Diocese of Achonry. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 5103. Post-town, 
 Boyle. 
 
 KILFRUSH, or Dunmoon, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Small 
 County, county of Limerick, and Dio- 
 cese of Emly. Population in 1831, 
 402. Post-town, BrufF. 
 
 KILGALLIGAN HEAD, a wild 
 and lofty headland on the road to 
 Rossferry, in the district of Erris. 
 See Erris. 
 
 KILGARUFF, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of East Carbery, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Ross. 
 Population in 1831, 6273. See Clogh- 
 nakiltv. 
 
 KILGARVAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Barrymore, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 
 being a part of what is called the 
 Great Island. Post-town, Cove. 
 
 KILG A R Y AN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Glanerought, county 
 of Kerry, and annexed Diocese of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe, ontheRoughty 
 stream. Population in 1831, 3443. 
 Post-town, Kenmare. 
 
 KILGARVAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Shelmalier, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831,898. Post- 
 town, Taghuron. 
 
 KILGARVEY, or Kilnagarvan, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Gallen, county of Mayo, and Dio- 
 cese of Killala. Population in 1831, 
 4230. Post-town, Ballina. 
 
 KILGARRYLANDER, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 of Trughenackmy, comity of Kerry, 
 and annexed Diocese of Ardfert and 
 Aghadoe, on Castlemaine Harbour. 
 Population in 1831, 2793. Post-town, 
 Milltown. 
 
 KILGAVOJiVER, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Morusk, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, 
 on Newport Bay. Post-town, West- 
 port. 
 
 KILGEFFIN, or Kilgrtffin, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of Bal- 
 lintobber, county of Roscommon, and 
 Diocese ofElphin. Population in 1831, 
 4420. Post-town, Lanesborough. 
 
 KILGERRIE, or Kilgerrill, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Clonmacnoonj county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Clonfert. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1432. Post-town, 
 Ballinasloe. 
 
 KILGLASS, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Ardagh, 
 Abbeyshruel, and Moydow, county of 
 Longford, and Diocese of Ardagh. 
 Population in 1831, 4354. Post-town, 
 E dge worth stown . 
 
 KILGLASS, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Tyreragli, county of 
 Sligo, and Diocese of Killala. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 4275. Post-town, Bal- 
 lina. 
 
 KILGLASS, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ballintobber, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 on the river Shannon. Population in 
 1831,9118. Post-town, Strokestown. 
 
 KILGI.ASSAN, a small village in 
 the parish of Kilcommon, county of 
 Mayo, four miles from Hollymount. 
 
 KILGOBANE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of East Carbery, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, on the 
 Bandon river, part of the corps of 
 the Treasurersliip of the Diocese. 
 Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 KILGOBBAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cork- 
 aguiney, county of Kerry, and an- 
 nexed Diocese of Ardfert and Agha- 
 doe, on Tralee Bay. Population in 
 1831, 2378. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 KILGOBBIN, a parish and curacy 
 in the Half Barony of Rathdown, 
 522 
 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 annexed to the curacy of Kilternan. 
 The village of Kilgobbin, with its old 
 castle and church ruins, is situated 
 in the low grounds at the base of the 
 Three Rocks Mountain, about eight 
 English miles from Dublin. The 
 village of Kilternan is a mile distant. 
 The modern parish church is an ele- 
 gant edifice, built after the ingenious 
 design of Mr Semple. Population in 
 1831, 1149. 
 
 KILGOBNET, a pan’sh, rectory 
 and vicarage, with a village of its 
 name, in the Barony of Decies-with- 
 out-Drum, county of Waterford, and 
 Diocese of Lismore. The village is 
 within three miles of the post-town 
 of Dungarvan, and fairs are held in 
 February, May, June, November, and 
 December. Population in 1831, 2683. 
 
 KILGOGHLIN, a parish and pre- 
 bend in the Barony and county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 
 KILGOLAGH, a poor village on 
 the Inny, near Lough Sheelin, on the 
 borders of Cavan and Meath. 
 
 KILGORMAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Gorey, county 
 of Wexford, and Archdiocese of Dub- 
 lin, on the sea-coast. Population in 
 1831, 1465. Post-town, Arklow. 
 
 KILGOWEN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kilcullen, county of Kildare. 
 Fairs are held at it in May and July. 
 
 KILGRANT, or Powerstown, a 
 parish and impropriate rectory in the 
 Baronies of Iffa and Offa, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Lismore. 
 Population in 1831, 1186. Post-town, 
 Clonmel. 
 
 KILGUAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Longford, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Clonfert. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1377. Post town, 
 Ejrecourt. 
 
 KILGULANE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Con- 
 dons and Clongibbons, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1174. Post-town, 
 Mitchelstown. 
 
 KILKENNY, or Killeany, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KIL 
 
 rony of Burren, county of Clare, and 
 Diocese of Kilfenora. Post-town, 
 Ennistymon. 
 
 KILKEA, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of its name, county of 
 Kildare, and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 in the Union of Castle-Dermot. The 
 village of Kilkea is 43 English miles 
 from Dublin on the route to Castle- 
 Dermot. Here is Kilkea Castle, 
 erected by one of the ancient Earls of 
 Kildare, now completely repaired and 
 inhabited. Population of the parish 
 in 1831, 395. Post-town, Castle-Der- 
 mot. 
 
 KILKEARY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Upper Ormond, 
 county of Tipperary, in the Diocese 
 of KiUaloe, being part of the corps of 
 the Deanery of the Diocese. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 662. Post-town, Ne- 
 nagh. 
 
 KILKEDY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Inchquin, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 3321. Post- 
 town, Gort. 
 
 KILKEE, a town 140 Irish miles 
 from Dublin, eight miles from Kil- 
 rush, and 28 miles from Ennis, in the 
 county of Clare, on the coast of the 
 Atlantic. It is on the estate of the 
 Marquis of Conyngham, and is now a 
 watering-place of considerable resort 
 of the citizens of Limerick, and of 
 families from the inland parts of the 
 county. The town is situated on the 
 shore of a little creek which runs in 
 off Malbay, where the swell of the 
 Atlantic is broken by a ledge of rocks 
 which run across the entrance. Here 
 are numerous neatly built lodging- 
 houses, a hotel, parish church, and 
 Roman Catholic chapel. Cars run to 
 and from Kilrush daily in connection 
 with the Limerick steamers. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1051. 
 
 KILKEEL, an extensive parish, in- 
 cluding the entire Barony of Mourne, 
 county and Diocese of Down. The 
 surface rises into lofty granite moun- 
 tains, which display the most majestic 
 landscapes. The town of Kilkeel is 
 64± Irish miles from Dublin, and 14£ 
 523 
 
 miles from Newry by Warren’s Point 
 and Rosstrevor. It is the last little 
 town on this line of road, and the 
 only one between Rosstrevor and New- 
 castle, situated within half a mile of 
 the coast. It contains a small parish 
 church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and 
 several Dissenting meeting-houses. 
 There are a few shops for the supply 
 of the inhabitants of the adjacent 
 mountain district, and fairs are held 
 on the 3d of February, 3d of May, 4th 
 of August, and 3d of November. The 
 Earl of Kilmorey, whose extensive 
 and beautiful demesne of Mourne 
 Park is in the vicinity, supports a free 
 school in the town. Population of 
 the town in 1831, 1039; of the parish, 
 14,806. 
 
 KILKEEL, or Kilteel, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of South 
 Salt, county of Kildare, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. The village of 
 Kilkeel is about 6£ English miles from 
 Naas, and fairs are held in May, June, 
 September, and November. 
 
 KILKELLANE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Small County, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly. Population in 1831. 679. Post- 
 town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 KILKELLY, a village in the Barony 
 of Costello, county of Mayo, 1 1 miles 
 from Bally haunis. Near this place is 
 a very remarkable echo. 
 
 KILKENNY is an inland county of 
 the Province of Leinster, bounded on 
 the north by Queen’s County, on the 
 east by the counties of Carlow and 
 Wexford, on the south by the county 
 of Waterford, and on the west by the 
 county of Tipperary, forming the 
 south-west extremity of the Province. 
 An insulated portion of the Queen’s 
 County is annexed, and considered to 
 be part of the Barony of Galmoy. The 
 greatest length from the Slievemargie 
 Hills on the north to the river Suir, 
 which separates it from Waterford 
 county on the south, is 36 Irish or 46 
 statute miles, and the breadth varies 
 from 15 to 24 statute miles. Accord- 
 ing to one estimate it includes 733 
 statute square miles, or 469,170 acres; 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KTL 
 
 but the Ordnance Survey makes the 
 area 803 square miles, or 513,686 Eng- 
 lish acres, of which 417,117 are culti- 
 vated, and 96,569 are unimproved bog 
 aud mountain. It is divided into the 
 Baronies of Fassadining on the north- 
 east, Galmoy on the north-west, Gow- 
 ran on the east, Cranagh on the west, 
 Shillelogher also on the west, Kells 
 on the south-west, Knocktopher on 
 the southern centre, Ida on the south- 
 east, and Iverk on the south. The 
 county of the city of Kilkenny is a 
 separate division, comprising four pa- 
 rishes. 
 
 The Suir separates this county on 
 the south from that of Waterford, and 
 the Barrow on the east from the 
 counties of Wexford and Carlow. 
 Both rivers are navigable, and are of 
 great importance to the districts they 
 traverse. The partly navigable river 
 Nore has its course through the en- 
 tire length of the county from north 
 to south-east, and the district between 
 this river and the Barrow is hilly, ex- 
 tending 15 statute miles in length by 20 
 miles in breadth. The principal val- 
 ley is watered by the Dian, which, 
 after being joined by the Dineen and 
 Dubhglass streams, enters the Nore 
 within five miles of the city of Kil- 
 kenny. There are numerous other 
 tributary streams to the principal 
 rivers. 
 
 This -county contains comparative- 
 ly little ground unfit for tillage, and 
 it may be considered one of the chief 
 grain counties of Ireland. The sur- 
 face, with some exceptions, is gene- 
 rally level, and the slope is to the 
 south-east, w’hich is the best aspect 
 for sun and shelter. As there is little 
 bog, the waters run off rapidly, and 
 the air is dry and healthy. The sub- 
 stratum is for the most part either 
 limestone or brittle schist, either of 
 W’hich forms a light mellow soil, and 
 causes early vegetation. Above one- 
 third of the level districts in Kilkenny 
 is in tillage, and the sales of grain in 
 the market towns are very consider- 
 able. The numerous mills for grind- 
 ing flour are chiefly on the Nore, and 
 524 
 
 KIL 
 
 the most of them between Durrow 
 and Innistioge. The districts of the 
 Walsh Mountains and of the southern 
 part of Castlecomer are almost occu- 
 pied by dairy farmers. As it respects 
 manufactures, those of carpets, dia- 
 pers, and tapestry, were introduced 
 in the middle of the fourteenth cen- 
 tury by Elizabeth, Countess of Or- 
 mond, daughter of Sir John D’Arcy, 
 Lord-Justice ef Ireland, and wife of 
 James, second Earl of Ormond, who is 
 known as the Nuble Earl , on account 
 of his having been great-grandson of 
 Edward I. James, twelfth Earl of 
 Ormond, created Duke of Ormond 
 at the Restoration, established and 
 encouraged linen and woollen manu- 
 factures at a great expense, and about 
 the close of the same century the 
 Noble Family of Ponsonby, now Earls 
 of Besborough, introduced the linen 
 manufacture into the southern parts 
 of the county ; but unfortunately none 
 of these brauclies succeeded to any ex- 
 tent. The manufacture of blankets 
 and some weaving are still carried on 
 in some districts to a limited extent, 
 and a coarse frieze for home con- 
 sumption is made by the peasantry. 
 
 The principal minerals are lime- 
 stone and coal, and the latter, in the 
 Castlecomer district, is in several 
 workable beds of different thickness, 
 arranged above each other. The up- 
 permost beds, which are free from sul- 
 phur, are the most valuable, but in 
 1841 were said to be almost exhaust- 
 ed. The three lowest beds, which 
 contain an abundant supply, had not 
 been worked up to 1841, except near 
 the surface. The coal is somewhat 
 slaty, apd, though it varies in quality, is 
 generally good. A considerable quan- 
 tity of culm is also w rought at Feroda 
 and other places. The general colour 
 of the limestone is a bluish grey, and 
 the best for burning is of a blackish 
 colour, found near Kilkenny and Tho- 
 mastown. Iron, manganese, and silex, 
 are generally diffused through the 
 limestone rock towards the borders 
 of the coal tract, and prevent it from 
 burning. In tire vicinity of Kilkenny 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 the mineral formation passes into a 
 fine black marble, which is manufac- 
 tured into chimney-pieces, tomb- 
 stones, &c., bears a high polish, and 
 can be raised in large blocks. The 
 hall at Besborough, about three miles 
 from Carrick-on-Suir, the seat of the 
 Earl of Besborough, is supported by 
 four Ionic columns, the shafts of which 
 are each formed of a single block of 
 this black marble, ten feet six inches 
 l in diameter. Marl is found in large 
 quantities in various parts of the 
 j county, and clayslate and sandstone 
 are abundant in the Slievenaman 
 group, the Walsh Mountains, and be- 
 yond the valley of the Argula, from 
 j which it extends eastward to the Ross 
 river, and northward beyond the Nore, 
 constituting the Coppinagh range. 
 The clayslate also occupies the tract 
 between that range and the western 
 declivities of the Brandon group, the 
 only considerable extent of rough land 
 in the county, and rising 1696 feet 
 above the level of the sea. There are 
 several chalybeate spa3. 
 
 The civil history of the county is 
 chiefly connected with the feuds of 
 the Noble Family of Butler, Earls of 
 Ormond, and the Fitzgeralds of Des- 
 mond and Kildare, which were carried 
 to such a height that their respective 
 war-cries of Butler-aboo and Crom- 
 aboo were abolished by Act of Parlia- 
 ment in 1494. The Grace family dur- 
 ing the same period were engaged in 
 perpetual hostilities with the Fitz- 
 patricks, Kavanaghs, and other Irish 
 families, of which numerous tradi- 
 tions are preserved by the peasantry 
 in the district still called Grace’s Coun- 
 try. At the breaking out of the Re- 
 bellion in 1641, the county fell into 
 the hands of Lord Mountgarret, a 
 member of the Butler family, who 
 joined the insurgents, and was one of 
 their influential leaders ; but the great 
 bulk of the Butler possessions was 
 preserved for a time by James, the 
 first Duke of Ormond, who conduct- 
 ed the Royal cause during the Civil 
 War with the greatest ability, and was 
 very instrumental in facilitating the 
 525 
 
 Restoration. At the Revolution the 
 adherence to James II. was very gene- 
 ral, and the new Government forfeited 
 numbers of landed proprietors to the 
 extent of 30,152 profitable acres, of 
 the estimated value at the time of 
 L. 68, 161 . The Marquis of Lansdowne, 
 the Earls of Ormond, Cork, and Os- 
 sory, Carrick, Besborough, and Cour- 
 town, Viscounts Mountmorres, Clif- 
 den, and Ashbrooke, are the principal 
 Noble proprietors. The remains of 
 antiquity are cairns, cromlechs, raths, 
 monastic ruins, and old castles. 
 
 Kilkenny is included in the Dio- 
 ceses of Cashel, Leighlin, and Ossory. 
 The county expenses are defrayed by 
 Grand Jury Presentments, and the 
 amount levied may average L.30,000 
 annually for the public roads, roads 
 under the baronial charge, police, 
 public establishments and salaries, and 
 repayment of loans advanced by Go- 
 vernment. The assizes are held at 
 Kilkenny, and the general quarter- 
 sessions at Kilkenny, Castlecomer, 
 and Tliomastown. The district Lu- 
 natic Asylum is at Carlow. The 
 County Infirmary and Fever Hospital 
 are at Kilkenny, but Fever Hospitals 
 are also at Freshford, Kells, Kilma- 
 ganny, and Rossbercon, and Dispen- 
 saries in all the towns and principal 
 villages. The county returns two 
 members to the Imperial Parliament ; 
 constituency in 1840-1, 1314; popula- 
 tion in 1831, 169,945. 
 
 KILKENNY, a city and county of a 
 city, comprising 24,140 statute acres 
 on both sides of the Nore, about mid- 
 way between Durrow and Thomas- 
 town, 58 Irish or 74 English miles 
 from Dublin, by Ratlicoole, Naas, Bal- 
 lytore, Carlow, Leighlin Bridge, and 
 Royal Oak. By Athy and Castle- 
 comer the distance is only a mile 
 shorter, and the former road is that 
 generally travelled. This ancient 
 town derives its name from St Kenny, 
 or St Canice, to whom was dedicated 
 the Cathedral Church of the Diocese 
 of Ossory, founded in it at the end of 
 the twelfth, or beginning of the thir- 
 teenth, century. The Bregagh, a tri- 
 
K1L 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 butary of the Nore, separates the Ca- 
 nice, or Irish Town , from Kilkenny, or 
 English Town , local distinctions now 
 most properly obsolete, and the river 
 is crossed by two elegant bridges. 
 Four parishes are included within the 
 Liberties — those of St Mary, St John, 
 St Canice, and St Patrick, all in the 
 Diocese of Ossory. St Mary’s is a 
 perpetual curacy, St John’s is a vicar- 
 age annexed to that of Clarah, and St 
 Canice’s and St Patrick’s are rectories 
 and vicarages. The Deanery in the 
 parish of St Canice is part of the 
 corps of the Deanery of Ossory. 
 
 Kilkenny was selected by the early 
 Anglo-Normans for the site of a cas- 
 tle, which when partly built was de- 
 stroyed by Donald O’Brien, King of 
 Thomond, in 1193. Being part of the 
 territory acquired by Earl Strongbow 
 in consequence of his marriage to the 
 daughter of Dermot MacMurrough, 
 King of Leinster, the city and neigh- 
 bourhood devolved to William Mar- 
 shal, Earl of Pembroke, who married 
 the only daughter and heiress of 
 Strongbow. Five daughters were the 
 issue of this marriage, among whom 
 the Principality or Province of Lein- 
 ster was divided in 1247, and the coun- 
 ty and city of Kilkenny were allotted 
 to Isabella, the third daughter, who 
 married Gilbert de Clare, Earl of 
 Gloucester and Hertford. The Earl 
 of Pembroke, father of this lady, 
 founded the present Castle in 1195, 
 occupying a commanding site on the 
 west bank of the Nore, and of this 
 Castle three massive towers remain 
 connected with large additions in the 
 French style of architecture, built by 
 James, Duke of Ormond, in 1682. 
 The Cathedral Church of St Canice is 
 on the same side of the river, at the 
 northern or opposite extremity of the 
 city, and midway between these points 
 the small stream Bregagh enters the 
 Nore. The city of Kilkenny Proper, 
 or English Town , was originally a de- 
 pendency of the Castle, and the sepa- 
 rate corporation of St Canice, or Irish 
 Town , was connected with the Cathe- 
 dral. The large suburb on the oppo- 
 526 
 
 KIL 
 
 site side of the river is connected by 
 the bridges. 
 
 In addition to the Castle, the Earl 
 of Pembroke founded in John’s Street 
 the Hospital and Abbey of St John in 
 1211, and his son founded the Domi- 
 nican or Black Abbey in St Canice in 
 1225. The same family also instituted 
 the Franciscan Abbey, which was 
 completed in 1347. The ruins of the 
 Franciscan Abbey are still to be seen, 
 but the Dominican or Black Abbey is 
 now repaired, and is used as a Roman 
 Catholic chapel ; and St John’s parish 
 church is built on the ruins of St 
 John’s Abbey. About this period of 
 its local history Kilkenny was a place 
 of such importance as a frontier towm 
 of the English Pale, that councils of 
 the nobility and Parliaments were 
 often held within its walls. In the 
 Parliament held in it in 1367, before 
 Lionel, Duke of Clarence, the Brehon 
 Law was legally abolished by the cele- 
 brated Kilkenny Statute , though it 
 continued practically in operation till 
 the reign of James I. The Castle and 
 manor w'ere purchased in 1391 from 
 Thomas le Spenser, grandson of 
 Eleanor, daughter of the Earl and 
 Countess of Gloucester already men- 
 tioned, who had married Hugh le 
 Despenser the younger, by James 
 Butler, third Earl of Ormond, and 
 the title and estate still continue in 
 that Noble Family. This Earl enter- 
 tained Richard II. fourteen days in 
 the Castle with great splendour in 
 1399. On the following year Richard 
 Talbot, his nephew, fortified the 
 tow r n. The annals of Kilkenny pre- 
 sent a succession of Parliaments and 
 vice-^egal courts held in it till the Re- 
 bellion of 1641, when it became the 
 head-quarters of the Confederated 
 Roman Catholics, and the seat of their 
 Council, which consisted of two deli- 
 berative bodies resembling the Houses 
 of Peers and Commons, though both 
 sat in the same chamber. The house 
 in which they held their meetings 
 was standing in 1802 in the Coal Mar 
 ket. In 1652 Cromwell’s first High 
 Court of Justice occupied that same 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 apartment. The Parliamentary army 
 appeared before the town in 1650, and 
 the Roman Catholic garrison under 
 Colonel Walter was summoned to 
 surrender. This was refused, and an 
 attempt was made next day to carry 
 the place by assault, but it failed, and 
 a battery was opened on the Castle. 
 A breach was effected, and an assault 
 was twice unsuccessfully attempted 
 in the evening, the breach having 
 been speedily repaired. Cromwell 
 was about to raise the siege, when his 
 forces were admitted into St Canice, 
 or Irish Town ; but he was again re- 
 pulsed while attempting to force his 
 way into Kilkenny Proper through 
 the Franciscan Abbey. Two days 
 afterwards Ireton came up with a re- 
 inforcement of 1500 men, and the gar- 
 rison submitted on honourable terms, 
 with a compliment from Cromwell on 
 their gallantry. Kilkenny seems to 
 have escaped the troubles of the Revo- 
 lution and of the Rebellion in 1798. 
 
 The Cathedral Church of St Canice 
 is the chief object of antiquity. It is 
 cruciform, extending from east to 
 west 226 feet, and from north to south 
 123 feet, being of greater dimensions 
 than any other cathedral church in 
 Ireland except St Patrick’s and Christ 
 Church, Dublin, and as an ecclesias- 
 tical structure it is only excelled by 
 those cathedrals. It consists of a 
 choir, transepts (including the Lady 
 Chapel), and nave, with lateral aisles, 
 presenting a range of arches resting 
 on columns of black marble, which 
 are most outrageously white-washed, 
 in the most wretched taste. In this 
 beautiful nave are numerous altar 
 monuments, and here are buried the 
 Butlers, Purcells, Marshalls, Graces, 
 and other old families. Here is also 
 interred Bishop Walsh, who was as- 
 sassinated in open court in 1585 by 
 one James Dullard, whom he had cit- 
 ed to appear before him for adultery. 
 This wretch was tried and hanged, 
 but his connections had sufficient in- 
 fluence to prevent the record of his 
 crimes on marble, and on the tomb it 
 was merely said that the Bishop died 
 527 
 
 on the 14th of December 1585. The 
 choir within the chancel, which is 77 
 feet, is fitted up with varnished oak, 
 and has a noble east window. The 
 whole edifice was thoroughly repaired 
 by Bishop Pococke in 1756, and is in 
 excellent preservation. The chapel 
 of St Mary in the north transept is 
 used as a parish church. A stone 
 chair is preserved, said to have been 
 that of St Kiaran, the Patron of the 
 Diocese of Ossory. From the top of 
 the low tower of the Cathedral an in- 
 teresting view is obtained. Close be- 
 side the church is one of the finest 
 round towers in the kingdom, at least 
 six centuries older than any of the 
 surrounding buildings ; adjoining are 
 the Episcopal Palace and Library. The 
 Cathedral is reached by a flight of 
 steps leading to the platform on which 
 it stands, and to the west is a fine ter- 
 race walk with trees, from which is 
 also an extensive view of the sur- 
 rounding country. The Franciscan 
 Abbey is near the Nore, at the end of 
 the town wall, and the ruins consist 
 of an elegant light tower supported 
 on a beautiful arch, and a few other 
 remains. Some allege that William 
 Earl Marshal, who died in Kilkenny 
 of the wound he received at the Cur- 
 ragh of Kildare, was buried in this 
 Abbey ; but Hanmer alleges that he 
 was interred in that of the Domini- 
 cans, and that. his tomb, with many 
 others, was destroyed when the mo- 
 nasteries were suppressed. The 
 Augustinian Monastery, or Priory of 
 St John, called from the number of 
 its windows the Lantern of Ireland, is 
 now fitted up as a parish church in 
 such a manner as to destroy its archi- 
 tectural beauty, half the windows be- 
 ing closed up apparently to save glass ! 
 The architecture of the now rebuilt 
 or restored Dominican Abbey, espe- 
 cially of the western portion and south 
 transept, is one of the best specimens 
 of the modified pointed style of the 
 fourteenth century in Ireland. 
 
 The ancient Market Cross of Kilken- 
 ny, an interesting Gothic edifice, with 
 openarches,wasremovedinl771. The 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 other antiquities of this interesting 
 city are generally the remains of old 
 religious structures. The Parliament 
 House, from which issued the Kil- 
 kenny Statutes, still exists, but greatly 
 altered. The Butts Cross in the out- 
 let of the city derives its name from 
 the targets or butts, at which the citi- 
 zens were compelled to shoot by order 
 of the Kilkenny Parliament. Outside 
 the town is Bennet’s Bridge, where 
 the Duke of Ormond held his famous 
 Review in 1704. So great was the 
 concourse of persons from all parts of 
 Ireland, that tents were erected in the 
 fields for the gentry. An old officer 
 was obliged to give a crown for a truss 
 of straw as a bed, and an innkeeper 
 made as much in a few days as paid 
 his rent for seven years. This affair 
 was long remembered by the Kilkenny 
 men, who, when expressing their ad- 
 miration of any thing, were in the 
 habit of saying that they had not seen 
 any thing like it since the Review at 
 Bennet’s Bridge. 
 
 The Castle of Kilkenny, the seat of 
 the Marquis of Ormond, is already 
 noticed as having been originally 
 erected by William Earl Marshal and 
 Earl of Pembroke in 1195, on the site 
 of a fortalice destroyed by Donald 
 O’Brien, King of Thomond, in 1193. 
 From 1391, when this Castle and the 
 manor were purchased by the third 
 Earl of Ormond from Thomas le 
 Spenser, Lord of Glamorgan and Kil- 
 kenny, it has been the chief residence 
 of the head of the Noble and illus- 
 trious family of Butler (see Ormond). 
 In its former state the edifice was an 
 oblong square of magnificent propor- 
 tions, with four lofty and massive 
 round towers at its angles, three of 
 which still remain. The Castle was 
 mostly rebuilt by the first Duke of 
 Ormond towards the end of the 
 seventeenth century, in the absurd 
 style which then prevailed on the 
 Continent. The entire edifice was 
 completely altered and improved by 
 James, the first Marquis of Ormond, 
 and by his son the second Marquis, 
 who succeeded in 1838. It occupies 
 528 
 
 three sides of a square, having a gar- 
 den and fountain in front, and a lofty 
 terrace towards the Nore. The prin- 
 cipal apartment is the Picture Gallery, 
 180 feet in length, which contains nu- 
 merous portraits of historical interest, 
 and commands magnificent views of 
 the city and the valley of the river. 
 The architect of the present Castle, 
 and who had the taste to restore the 
 three ancient towers to something 
 like their original form, was Mr Ro- 
 bertson of Kilkenny. The demesne 
 of Dunmore, formerly a residence of 
 the Noble Family of Butler, is now 
 the Deer Park and outfarm of Kil- 
 kenny Castle, the other grounds be- 
 ing too limited from their vicinity to 
 the city. A short distance to the left 
 of the Deer Park are the limestone 
 caves of Dunmore, containing cham- 
 bers of considerable dimensions, a 
 subterranean rill, and other objects 
 of interest. These caves are finely 
 described by Mr Banim, in his work 
 of fiction entitled Crohoore of the 
 Bill- Hook. “ After you enter the 
 mouth of the cave,” says this writer, 
 “ your torch shows you that vast 
 masses of rock protrude overhead, 
 ready at every step to crush, and held 
 in their place as if by miracle alone. 
 A short distance on two separate pas- 
 sages branch to the right and to the 
 left. To explore the one, a barrier 
 of steep rocks, made dangerous by the 
 damp slime that covers them, should 
 be scaled ; then you proceed along 
 a way of considerable length, some- 
 times obliged, from the lowness of the 
 heading, to stoop on hands and knees, 
 still over slipping rocks, and over 
 deep holes formed by the constant 
 dripping of the roof, till at last you 
 suddenly enter a spacious and lofty 
 apartment known by the name of the 
 Market Cross , from its containing a 
 petrified mass that has some likeness 
 to the ancient and curious structure 
 so called. Indeed, throughout the 
 whole chamber the awful frolic of 
 Nature bears comparison with art. 
 Ranges of fluted columns, which seem 
 the production of the chisel, .only 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KIL 
 
 much dilapidated by time, rise almost 
 at correct distances to the arching 
 roof. This is the regal fairy hall, and 
 the peasants say that when the myriad 
 crystallizations which hang about are 
 on a gala evening illuminated, and 
 when the for-ever falling drops sparkle 
 in the fairy light, the scene becomes 
 too dazzling for mortal vision. The 
 other passage winds in equal distance, 
 and leads to the subterranean rill.” 
 These caves are three miles from Kil- 
 kenny, and opposite, on the other side 
 of the Nore, is the residence of Three 
 Castles. 
 
 The public buildings of the city are 
 the parish churches, four Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapels, a few small Dissenting 
 meeting-houses, an Infantry Barrack, 
 the Tholsel, Market House, city and 
 county Jails and Court Houses, the 
 County Infirmary and Fever Hospital, 
 the Union W orkhouse, and the bridges . 
 The appearance of the town as seen 
 from the higher bridge is peculiarly in- 
 teresting — trees, towers, and steeples, 
 all as if intermingled, and from the 
 lower bridge Kilkenny Castle has an 
 imposing effect. The public prome- 
 nade called the Mall, about a mile in 
 length, is remarkably beautiful, and 
 the environs in the direction of the 
 river are very picturesque. The city 
 is irregularly but well built, and has 
 a busy and cheerful aspect, especially 
 that part of it called Kilkenny Proper. 
 The Kilkenny men are very proud of 
 their city, and must have been flatter- 
 ed by the statement of the Persian 
 nobleman Mirza Abu, who, when he 
 visited it, and observed its delightful 
 situation, compared it to a paradise. 
 
 The principal manufactures of Kil- 
 kenny are blankets, coarse woollen 
 cloth, and linens. The Ormond 
 Factory has considerable w aterpower, 
 and in 1841 sixty looms were in opera- 
 tion on blankets and coarse cloths. 
 The chief trade is in grinding, malt- 
 ing, brewing, and distilling. Tan- 
 ning and the provision trade are also 
 extensively carried on, and the sales 
 of agricultural produce are very im. 
 portant. In 1836, the barrels of wheat, 
 629 
 
 of 20 stone per barrel, disposed of 
 amounted to 36,350; of barley, 16 
 stone per barrel, 1909; of oats, 14 
 stone per barrel, 36,800. There are 
 great fairs twice a-year for the sale of 
 wool and black cattle. Those lines 
 of the Railway from Dublin by Athy 
 on the east, and Maryborough on the 
 west, for which an act of Parliament 
 was obtained, meet at Kilkenny. The 
 city contains Branches of the National 
 Bank of Ireland, of the Bank of Ire- 
 land, and of the Provincial Bank of 
 Ireland; a Savings’ Bank; a Mechanics’ 
 Friend Society, established in 1835, 
 which has a library and public lecture- 
 room; a Subscription Library, of se- 
 veral thousand volumes, with a news- 
 room attached ; various schools and 
 asylums, some endowed, and others 
 supported by subscription ; and seve- 
 ral newspapers are published weekly. 
 The Grammar School, or College of 
 Kilkenny, is situated opposite the Cas- 
 tle, on the other side of the Nore, and 
 is a neat edifice. It was founded by 
 Pierce Earl of Ormond and Ossory, 
 and his Countess, Lady Margaret Fitz- 
 gerald, in the 16th century, and further 
 endowed by the Duke of Ormond in 
 1684 ; and by the charter then granted, 
 the retainers of his Grace were to be 
 instructed in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, 
 Poetry, and Oratory, gratis ; the chil- 
 dren of the citizens at half price, and 
 of others according to the rates of the 
 chief schools in Dublin. At the at- 
 tainder of James, third Duke, the pri- 
 vilege of presentation was vested in 
 Trinity College, Dublin, but the head 
 master receives an annuity of L.140 
 from the Ormond Family. Many 
 eminent and distinguished men have 
 been educated at Kilkenny School, 
 among whom may be mentioned Dean 
 Swift and Bishop Berkeley. Mr Ba- 
 nim, the celebrated Novelist, is a na- 
 tive of Kilkenny. 
 
 This city was in ancient times noted 
 for witchcraft, and there is a story of 
 a Lady Alice Kelter who was sum- 
 moned to appear before the Bishop 
 of Ossory on a charge of practising 
 magic, sorcery, and witchcraft, in or 
 2 Y 
 
KIL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KIL 
 
 about 1325. Her Ladyship’s accom- 
 plices were called Petronilla and Ba- 
 silia, and they were accused of hold- 
 ing conferences during the night with 
 a certain imp named Robin Artisson, 
 to whom they sacrificed nine red 
 cocks in the middle of the highway, 
 and offered the eyes of nine peacocks, 
 when they wanted him to be obedient 
 to their commands. Mr Artisson’s 
 vocation, however, as the servant of 
 her Ladyship, was very unusual for 
 gentlemen of his infernal pretensions. 
 It was literally that of a scavenger, and 
 the imp and his associates swept the 
 streets every night between the hour 
 of what is called complin prayer and 
 day-break. But it may be asked — 
 What did Lady Alice do with the 
 dung ? That fortunately is recorded 
 also, which shows that her Ladyship 
 was wise in her generation. It was 
 not to make the town agreeable, al- 
 though it certainly had that result, 
 but to enrich a greedy son — a worthy 
 who, it is said, monopolized all the 
 town parks, and had most extensive 
 possessions. The cunning mother 
 caused all the filth of the city to be 
 raked to her son’s door for the ma- 
 nure of his meadows ; and such of the 
 inhabitants as ventured to go out at 
 night saw unearthly brooms plying 
 over the causeway, wielded by fear- 
 ful-looking scavengers, who carried 
 on their dirty work chanting the dog- 
 grel chorus — 
 
 “ To the house of William my son 
 Hie all the wealth of Kilkenny town.” 
 
 Lady Alice frequently took a pleasure 
 ride on an oiled broomstick, with Pe- 
 tronilla and Basilia, through the air, 
 during the night, to the Devil’s Bit 
 Mountain in Tipperary, to hold a con- 
 ference with other enchanters, and it 
 was believed that she performed the 
 journey in one minute ! Her exploits 
 made a great noise at the time, and 
 she was thrown into prison along 
 with her accomplices. Her Ladyship 
 had friends sufficiently powerful to 
 procure her release, and she retired 
 to foreign parts ; but her son suffered 
 i a long imprisonment, and Petronilla 
 530 
 
 was burnt at the Cross of Kilkenny. 
 When Lady Alice’s closet was search- 
 ed there were found, according to 
 Hollingshed, a sacramental wafer hav- 
 ing the devil’s name stamped on it, 
 and a pipe of ointment with which she 
 greased her broomstick when she set 
 out on her nocturnal excursions. 
 
 In addition to witches, Kilkenny 
 has a notoriety in the case of its cats, 
 which are celebrated as having two 
 tails. But the “ Boys” of Kilkenny, 
 immortalized in the well-known song 
 as “ right roving blades,” are the most 
 distinguished in the annals of cudgel 
 fighting, as having a sort of innate 
 propensity to break each other’s pates 
 for pure love and pleasure. Next to 
 the Tipperary Boys , the Boys of Kil- 
 kenny bear the best fighting charac- 
 ter, and at their races, which are held 
 about four miles from the city, “one’ll 
 see the fightin’ that’ll do his heart 
 good.” They all carry shillelahs, and 
 were accustomed to drink oceans of 
 whisky in the booths, enlivened by 
 Irish pipes and Irish jigs, but pro- 
 • bably Father Mathew’s itinerating ex- 
 peditions have put an end to those 
 fighting exhibitions. 
 
 The entrance to Kilkenny is im- 
 posing, and the visitor enters at once 
 into a broad street by a spacious high- 
 way, adorned by a double row of trees, 
 over which rise the towers of Kil- 
 kenny Castle. But the city is not 
 without its genuine filthy localities. 
 “ The suburbs,” says Mr Inglis, “ I 
 found more wretched than any I had 
 yet seen in any town; pigs were by 
 no means a universal possession ; and 
 the chief wealth of the poor seemed 
 to be 4ung-lieaps before their doors. 
 I do not speak in jest — the dung, heap 
 insures a certain quantum of subsist- 
 ence, in this way : — The con-acre sys- 
 tem prevails here, and it is usual for 
 the possessor of the land to let it out 
 in small patches, rent free for one 
 season, on condition of the patch be- 
 ing manured by the person who takes 
 it. Thus a poor man may insure to 
 his family the produce for a season of 
 as much land as he is able to put into 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 | a sufficiency of manure ; so that I had 
 now advanced a step farther, and was 
 not only gratified by seeing a pig in a 
 cabin, but also by the spectacle of a 
 large dunghill close to the door.” 
 Kilkenny was first incorporated by 
 the elder Earl of Pembroke, and Irish 
 i Town by Edward IV., but the govern- 
 ing charters are those of James I. 
 
 1 By those charters the Corporation 
 ' consists of the Mayor, Aldermen, and 
 j 36 Common Councilmen, by favour of 
 whom the freemen were admitted; 
 but freemen were also entitled to that 
 privilege latterly by birth, servitude, 
 and marriage. The Recorder is elect- 
 ed by the Corporation, and his Court 
 has a jurisdiction unlimited in amount, 
 in causes arising within the limits. 
 1 he annual revenue of the Corpora- 
 tion of Kilkenny Proper, which is de- 
 rived from tithes, lands, and customs, 
 is upwards of L.2000. By the Muni- 
 cipal Act the style of the Corporation 
 is now the “ Mayor and Citizens of the 
 City of Kilkenny.” The Corporation 
 of Irish Town or St Canice consists of 
 a Portreeve and Burgesses, the tormer 
 having been long virtually appointed 
 by the Bishop of Ossory, though no- - 
 minally elected by the burgesses, and 
 this Corporation is now styled by the 
 Municipal Act the “ Portreeve, Bur- 
 gesses, and Commons of the Borough 
 of Irishtown.” The revenue in 1836 
 was only L.15. Before the Union the 
 city and Irish Town returned two 
 members to the Irish Parliament ; but 
 the representation in the Imperial 
 Parliament is limited to one member ; 
 constituency in 1840-1, 603. The city 
 gives the title of Earl, in the Peerage 
 of Ireland, to a branch of the great 
 and Noble Family of Butler, descend- 
 ed from the Hon. Pierce Butler, se- 
 cond son of Pierce, eighth Earl of 
 Ormond and first Earl of Ossory, 
 who was created Viscount Mount- 
 garret in 1550; Edmund, twelfth Vis- 
 count, was advanced to the dignity of 
 Earl of Kilkenny by patent in 1793. 
 The family seat is Ballvconra, near 
 the village of Bally ragget, about five 
 miles from Castlecomer, and six miles 
 531 
 
 from Freshford, in the county of Kil- 
 kenny. Population of the city in 
 1831, 23,741. 
 
 KILKENNY- WE ST, a Barony in 
 the west part of the county of West- 
 meath, which gives the title of Lord 
 Kiikenny-West to the Earls of Ros- 
 common. Sir James Dillon, the first ! 
 Earl of Roscommon, was elevated to 
 the Peerage in 1619 as B:u*on of Kil- 
 kenny-West and Lord Dillon. See 
 Roscommon. 
 
 KILKENNY-WEST, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of its name, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Here was a Priory founded 
 in the twelfth century under the in- 
 vocation of John the Baptist, and a 
 holy well was dedicated to the Virgin 
 Mary. Population in 1831, 3609. Post- 
 town, Ballytore. 
 
 KILKERRAN BAY, the largest of 
 the bays which indent the coast of 
 Galway, south-east of Birterbuy Bay 
 on the Connemara district. It runs 
 ten Irish miles into the country, and 
 is in many places six miles in breadth. 
 
 It has numerous arms and branches, 
 i which inclose the large inhabited 
 ■■ islands of Garomna and Letterraore, 
 and several small islands. Great im- 
 I provements have been effected in the 
 ' navigation and pass of Bealdangan, 
 j one of the upper arms of the Bay, by 
 the Board of Works, which are of 
 immense advantage to this hitherto 
 almost inaccessible and remote dis- 
 trict. The extraordinary ramifica- 
 tions of Kilkerran Bay render great 
 tracts of land very difficult to be ap- 
 proached. At the head of the Bay is 
 the fishing lodge of Invermore. 
 
 KILKERRANMORE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ibawne, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Ross, 
 on the Bay of Cloghnakilty. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2575. Post-town, Clogh- 
 nakilty. 
 
 KILKERRIL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Knockto- 
 pher, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Post-town, Knocktopher. 
 
 KILKERRIN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Tyaquin, county of 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tnam. It 
 contains a picturesque lake covering 
 upwards of 80 acres, near which are 
 the massive ruins of a strong castle. 
 Population in 1831, 5012. Post-town, 
 Ballinamore. 
 
 KILKEVAN, a parish in the Ba- 
 rony of Gorey, county of Wexford, 
 and Diocese of Ferns, one of those 
 which constitute the Union of Gorey, 
 and the corps of the Deanery of Ferns. 
 Population in 1831, 2593. Post-town, 
 Gorey. 
 
 KILKEVAN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Bargie, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 726. Post-town, 
 Wexford. 
 
 KILKE VAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Eallintobber, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 containing the town of Castlerea. See 
 Castlerea. 
 
 KILKILVERY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Clare, county 
 of Galway, and Diocese of Tuam, in- 
 cluding part of the town of Headford. 
 See Headford. 
 
 KILKYRAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Gowran, county of 1 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, an- 
 nexed to the vicarage of Rathcoole. 
 See Rathcoole. 
 
 KILL, or Kill of the Grange , a pa- 
 rish and curacy in the Half-Barony of 
 Rathdown, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, intersected by the road from 
 Dublin, seven miles distant, to Bray. 
 Here are the ruins of a very ancient 
 church. Populationinl831, 1305. Post- 
 town, Dublin. 
 
 KILL, a parish and vicarage, with 
 a village of its name, in the Baronies 
 of Salt and Naas, county and Diocese 
 of Kildare. Population in 1831, 2493. 
 Post-town, Naas. 
 
 KILL ACONENAGH, also Killagli- 
 I anenagh , a parish and rectory in the 
 united Baronies of Bere and Bantry, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Ross, 
 on Berehaven Harbour. Population 
 in 1831,6159. Post-town, Castletown. 
 
 KILLADERRY. See PHiLirs- 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 KILLADOON, or Killadown, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Salt, county of Kildare, 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. In this 
 parish is Killadoon, the elegant villa 
 of the Earl of Leitrim, near the small 
 town of Celbridge ; and two miles to 
 the south on the banks of the Grand 
 Canal are Lord Cloncurry’s fine seat 
 of Lyons, and the residence of Castle 
 Baggot. See Celbridge. 
 
 KILLADOON, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Tiraghrill, coun- 
 ty of Sligo, and Diocese of Elphin, on 
 Lough Arrow. Population in 1831, 
 1525. Post-towm, Boyle. 
 
 KILLADREENY, a parochial clm- 
 pelrv in the Barony of Newcastle, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, about a mile from the vil- 
 lage of Newtown-Kennedy. 
 
 KILLAG, a small retired parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Bargie, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, on the sea-coast. Population 
 in 1831, 356. Post-town, Taghmon. 
 
 KILLAGAN, a parochial district 
 in the Barony of Kilconway, county 
 of Antrim, and Diocese of Connor, 
 traversed by the Main, which rises in 
 this quarter. Post-towm, Ballymoney. 
 
 KILLAGII, or Killead, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Massa- 
 reene, county of Antrim, and Diocese 
 of Connor. Population in 1831,7183. 
 Post-town, Glenarry. 
 
 KILLAGH, or Kill aha, a parish 
 in the Barony of Magonihy, county 
 of Kerry, and Diocese of Ardfert and j 
 Aghadoe, near the Flisk river. Po- \ 
 pulation in 1831, 2567. Post-town, j 
 Killarney. 
 
 KILLAGH, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Delvin, county of ' 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath, j 
 Population in 1831, 373. Post-town, 
 Castletown-Delvin. 
 
 KILLAGHIN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Clanmaurice, 
 county of Kerry, and Diocese of Ard- 
 fert and Aghadoe. Population in 1831, J 
 1180. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 KILLAGHTAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Cion- 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KIL 
 
 macnoon and Kilconnell, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Clonfert, con- 
 taining the villages of Ballinakella, 
 Sillane, and Ardress. Population in 
 1831, 2879. 
 
 KILLAGHTY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ban- 
 nagh, county of Donegal, and Diocese 
 of Raphoe. Population in 1 831, 4760. 
 Post-town, Killybegs. 
 
 KILLAGHY, a chalybeate spring 
 in the parish of Donaghadee, county 
 of Down. See Donaghadee. 
 
 KILLAGHY, a parish and impro- 
 priate rectory in the Barony of Cran- 
 nagh, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory. Post-town, Kilkenny. 
 
 KILLAGHY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Knocktopher, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. Population in 1831, 1639. Post- 
 town, Knocktopher. 
 
 KILLAGHY, a parish and vicar- 
 age iu the Barony of Balliboy, King’s 
 County, and Diocese of Meath. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 4019. Post-town, 
 Balliboy. 
 
 KILLAHINY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Iraghticonnor, 
 county of Kerry, and annexed Dio- 
 cese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on the 
 sea-coast. Population in 1831, 2316. 
 Post-town, Tarbert. 
 
 KILLAHURLER, or Kilmain, a 
 parish and curacy in the Barony of 
 Arklow, county of Wicklow, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, in which are 
 the famous Wicklow gold mines. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 662. Post-town, 
 Arklow. 
 
 KILLALA, a Diocese and Bishop’s 
 See, comprises a large part of the 
 county of Mayo and a portion of the 
 county of Sligo, extending from east 
 to west 57 statute miles, and from 
 north to south 27 miles. The See is 
 said to have been founded by St Pa- 
 trick, who appointed one St Muredach 
 to be the first Bishop, about A.D. 440. 
 Kellacli, his successor, was murdered 
 by his foresters near Addergoole, and 
 it is recorded that the assassins were 
 torn in pieces by wild horses. The 
 third Bishop of Killala rejoiced in the 
 633 
 
 thundering name of O’Maelfogamair, 
 and after him was a succession of ge- 
 nuine Milesians, such as Imar O’Rua- 
 dan, Donat O’Beoda, Cormac O’ Tar- 
 paid, Donat O’ Flaherty, and in the 
 fifteenth century a prelate who had 
 the formidable names and surnames 
 of Manus -Fity Fultagli O’Dowda. 
 Bishop Owen O’Connor, who was ap- 
 pointed in 1591, filled the See sixteen 
 years, and at his death the celebrated 
 Myler Magrath, Archbishop of Cashel, 
 held it in commendam with the See of 
 Achonry nearly fifteen years. At his 
 death Bishop Archibald Hamilton suc- 
 ceeded in 1630. He was deprived in 
 1640, though afterwards made Bishop 
 of Waterford, and continued to hold 
 Achonry in commendam , which prac- 
 tice continued till the death of Bishop 
 Verschoyle in 1833, when the Dioceses 
 were annexed to the See of Tuam, 
 according to the provisions of the 
 act 3 and 4 William IV. The cele- 
 brated Dr John Maxwell, Bishop of 
 Ross in Scotland, a most distinguish- 
 ed public man of his day, succeeded 
 Bishop Hamilton in 1640, and held the 
 Diocese till his translation to the 
 “Archbishopric of Tuam in 1645. At 
 the death of Bishop Verschoyle the 
 See lands, comprising 33,668£ statute 
 acres, were vested in the Ecclesiastical 
 Commissioners. The gross annual 
 value, on an average of three years 
 ending December 1833, was L.2600. 
 The Chapter consists of the Dean, 
 Precentor, Archdeacon, and five Pre- 
 bendaries. In 1834 the number of 
 parishes in the Diocese of Killala was 
 27, constituting 13 benefices; parochial 
 edifices of the Church of Ireland, 13; 
 Roman Catholic chapels, 30 ; Dissent- 
 ing meeting-houses, 2. In that year 
 the gross population of the Diocese 
 was 144,289, of which 7729 were mem- 
 bers of the Church of Ireland, 136,383 
 were Roman Catholics, only 38 were 
 Presbyterians, and 139 were Dissent- 
 ers of other denominations. There 
 were in that year 129 schools, educat- 
 ing 74 13 young persons, four of which 
 were in connection with the National 
 Board of Education. Killala is still 
 
kil the gazetteer kil 
 
 a distinct Diocese in the Roman Ca- 
 tholic division, as is also Achonry. 
 The Diocese of Achonry extends from 
 north-east to south-west 35 statute 
 miles, and is 27 statute miles in breadth. 
 It bounds the Diocese of Killala on 
 the south and east, and comprises a 
 large portion of the county of Sligo 
 and a part of Mayo. The Chapter 
 consists of the Dean, Precentor, Arch- 
 deacon, and three Prebendaries. In 
 1834 the parishes were 25, constituting 
 
 13 benefices; parochial edifices of the 
 Church of Ireland, 1 1 ; Roman Catho- 
 lic chapels, 35. In that year the gross 
 population of the Diocese was 1 14,422 ; 
 of whom 5417 were members of the 
 Church of Ireland ; 108,835 were Ro- 
 man Catholics ; only 143 were Presby- 
 terians, and 27 were other Dissenters. 
 The schools then in the Diocese were 
 107, educating 8498 young persons, and 
 
 14 of these schools were in connection 
 with the National Board of Educa- 
 tion. The See lands comprise 11,784 
 acres, and the annual average income 
 is about L.1500. Achonry is now a 
 poor village, and the Cathedral is used 
 as the parish church. 
 
 KILLALA, an ancient episcopal 
 town, is situated at the mouth of the 
 Moy. It is in the Barony of Tyraw- 
 ley, county of Mayo, and the benefice 
 is a rectory and vicarage, forming the 
 corps of the Deanery. The town is 
 133 Irish miles from Dublin, and 6£ 
 miles from Ballina. It never was a 
 place of much importance, though it 
 has a little trade in the export of grain 
 and the manufacture of coarse linen, 
 but it has declined on account of its 
 vicinity to the thriving town of Bal- 
 lina. In 1835 the value of the exports 
 was estimated at L.26,396; imports, 
 L.3188. About 300 persons are em- 
 ployed in the fishery. The Cathedral, 
 an old plain edifice, repaired in 1817, 
 is used as the parish church. In the 
 town are a round tower on an emi- 
 nence, a commodious Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a parochial school, and a num- 
 ber of retail shops ; and some neat vil- 
 las are in the vicinity. Population 
 of the town in 1831, 1125. 
 
 534 
 
 KILLALA BAY is a capacious in- 
 let on the west side of which the old 
 episcopal city of Killala is situated. 
 It is bounded by Kinnisharragh Point 
 on the east, and Kilcummin Head on 
 the west, and is considerably indented 
 by bold headlands. In the creek of 
 Kilcummin Bay, six miles north of 
 Killala, a body of French troops made 
 their hostile landing in 1798, under 
 General Humbert, and marched to 
 the town of Killala, of which they 
 took possession, and occupied the 
 Bishop’s Palace thirty-two days. Dr 
 Joseph Stock then held the See. The 
 French squadron consisted of three 
 frigates, and as they displayed Eng- 
 lish colours two of the Bishop’s sons 
 and the port-surveyor were induced 
 to visit them, when to their surprise 
 they were made prisoners. Humbert 
 gave Bishop Stock considerable trou- 
 ble, and at first conducted himself to- 
 wards his Lordship with great inso- 
 lence. The details of that unhappy in- 
 surrection are given in various works 
 of the period, particularly the “ Me- 
 moirs of the Different Rebellions in 
 Ireland," by Sir Richard Musgrave, 
 Bart., published in 1801, and in the 
 “ Historical Review of the State of 
 Ireland,” in three quarto volumes, by 
 Francis Plowden, Esq., published in 
 1803. 
 
 KILLALIATHAN, also Killaha- 
 lehan, and Killonehan, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Baronies 
 of Coshma and Pubblebrien, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick. Population 
 in 1831, 1138. Post-town, Croome. 
 
 KILLALIATHAN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Connello, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick, on 
 the Awmallow river. Post-town, 
 Cbarleville. 
 
 KILL ALLAN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Demifore, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. The hamlet 
 of Killallan is seven miles from Ath- 
 boy. Population in 1831, 1838. Post- 
 town, Athboy. 
 
 KI LL ALOE, a Diocese and Bishop’s 
 See, which extends upwards of 100 
 statute miles, and varies in breadth 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 from ten to thirty miles, through the 
 counties of Clare and Tipperary into 
 the King’s County, including a small 
 part of Queen’s County, Galway, and 
 Limerick. In 1834 the parishes were 
 108, constituting 56 benefices ; paro- 
 chial edifices of the Church of Ireland, 
 56 ; Roman Catholic Chapels, 111; Dis- 
 senting meeting-houses, 5. In that 
 year the gross population of the Dio- 
 cese was 379,076, of whom 19,149 were 
 members of the Church of Ireland, 
 359,585 were Roman Catholics, and 
 only 326 were Dissenters of various 
 denominations. In the same year the 
 schools were 349, educating 23,452 
 young persons, and 13 of these schools 
 were in connection with the National 
 Board of Education. The Chapter 
 consists of the Dean, Precentor, Chan- 
 cellor, Treasurer, Archdeacon, and 
 five Prebendaries. In 1841 the re- 
 venue of the Bishop was stated to be 
 L.3800, but this included the annexed 
 Dioceses of Clonfert, Kilfenora, and 
 Kilmacduagh. The See is supposed 
 to have been founded by St Lua, I 
 called Mo-Lua, who was Abbot about 
 the beginning of the sixth century, 
 and his disciple St Flannan was the* 
 first Bishop. This St Flannan was 
 the son of a king named Tlieodoric, 
 and was consecrated at Rome by Pope 
 John IV. about A.D. G39. He was 
 succeeded by Carmacan O’Muilcasliel, 
 O’Gernidider, Teig O’Teigs, and other 
 prelates of regular Milesian names, 
 surnames, and origin. Near the end of 
 the twelfth century the ancient See of 
 Rosscrea, said to have been founded 
 by St Cronan in the seventh century, 
 was annexed, but the year 1195 is also 
 given as the date of the union, when 
 the Bishopric of Inniscathy, or Innis- 
 catterv, an island in the mouth of the 
 Shannon, was annexed. Terence 
 O’Brien, the twenty-eighth Bishop in 
 succession from St Flannan, was bar- 
 barously murdered by Brien O’Brien 
 in 1460. Maurice O’Brien, the thirty- 
 sixth Bishop, received the profits of 
 the See six years before he was con- 
 secrated in 1570; and he voluntarily 
 resigned in 1612, when he was suc- 
 535 
 
 ceeded by John Ryder, Dean of St 
 Patrick’s. Edward Worth, Dean of 
 Cork, was promoted to the See after 
 the Restoration. In 1752 the See of 
 Kilfenora w r as annexed, and those of 
 Clonfert and Kilmacduagh by the act 
 of 3 and 4 William IV. The See lands 
 of the Diocese comprise 7528 acres, 
 yielding an average value in 1831 of 
 L.4532. 
 
 KILLALOE, the small episcopal 
 town, and seat of the Cathedral, in the 
 parish of its name, Barony of Tul- 
 lagh, and county of Clare, is 86 Irish 
 miles from Dublin, about a mile from 
 the southern extremity of the Lough 
 Derg expansion of the Shannon. The 
 Cathedral, used as the parish church, 
 is a plain massive building of consi- 
 derable length, originally erected by 
 Donald O’Brien, King of Munster, in 
 1160 ; and near it are the ruins of the 
 mausoleum of the great King Brien 
 Boromhe, and of the Oratory of St 
 Mo-Lua. The Episcopal Palace, some- 
 times called Clarisford House, erect- 
 ed during the incumbency of Bishop 
 Fowler, is said to be the most elegant 
 ecclesiastical residence in Ireland. It 
 is situated on the west bank of the 
 Shannon, in a splendid demesne. 
 There are several schools, and the 
 town, though small, is thriving. It is 
 easily and conveniently reached by 
 boats which ply daily along the Grand 
 Canal and Lough Derg. Those on 
 the latter are steamers of consider- 
 able power, and the tourist is thus 
 enabled to view the beauties of that 
 magnificent lake. The Shannon, as it 
 issues from that lake, dashes over 
 rapids in its approach to the tow r n, 
 and is crossed by a bridge of 15 arches 
 to the village of Ballina, on the op- 
 posite side in the county of Tipperary. 
 Killaloe w r as in 1814 the head-quarters 
 of the Inland Steam Navigation Com- 
 pany, who have fitted up a commodi- 
 ous Hotel, and built quays and ex- 
 tensive stores. On the arrival of the 
 steamers at Killaloe, which by w r ater 
 is 93 Irish miles from Dublin, the 
 passengers proceed by cars to Lime- 
 rick, or wait for the Canal Boats, the 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 navigation between the towns being 
 partly river and partly canal. This 
 mode of conveyance between Dublin 
 and Limerick occupies two days. 
 Killaloe is also the starting point for 
 a regular communication up the Shan- 
 non. About 100,000 tons are annually 
 exported from the extensive slate 
 quarries in the neighbourhood; a 
 large mill for sawing marble is erect- 
 ed; and new level lines of road are 
 formed through the surrounding 
 country, of which the presentbeautiful 
 and most romantic road made by the 
 Board of Works from Killaloe to 
 Scariff, between the shores of Lough 
 Derg and Slieveberagh, and round 
 the Point of Aguish, displays the 
 finest lake and mountain scenery in 
 this quarter of Ireland. The road to 
 Ennis is along the right bank of the 
 Shannon, under the Crag Mountain, 
 which is cultivated almost to the sum- 
 mit. Killaloe was long an important 
 military pass, and here, in 1691, Ge- 
 neral Sarsfield intercepted the artil- 
 lery of William III., then on the route 
 to assist in the siege of Limerick. 
 The wool trade is of some advantage 
 to Killaloe, and the salmon and eel 
 fisheries are valuable. This old town 
 is likely to be benefited by the im- 
 provements in the navigation of the 
 Shannon. In the Second Report of the 
 Commissioners it is stated : — “ At Kil- 
 laloe we propose to erect a weir across 
 the river for the regulation of the 
 waters as far as Meelick. A constant 
 and regular water power will thus be 
 created, to which extensive and power- 
 ful machinery may be applied. In 
 winter, or times of heavy rains, there 
 will be an overfall adequate to the 
 discharge of the superfluous waters, 
 so as to prevent the evils arising from 
 the overflowing of vast tracts of land 
 adjoining the river and lake, which 
 are inundated during the whole of 
 the winter months, and frequently 
 during the autumn. The weir at 
 Killaloe, according to calculation, will 
 be of sufficient extent to prevent these 
 heavy floods, and to keep the waters 
 of the river from rising over its na- 
 53 6 
 
 tural banks, though there may still be 
 short periods when very high winds, 
 blowing in certain directions over so 
 large an expanse of water as Lough 
 Derg, combined with a full river, may 
 partially impede the discharge of the 
 waters ; but the extent of the evil, and 
 its duration, will, even under those 
 circumstances, be much reduced, and 
 the quarter part of the lands adjoin- 
 ing the river will be considerably 
 improved.” The estimate for im- 
 proving the third division of the Shan- 
 non, which extends from Killaloe, a dis- 
 tance of 85 miles, is calculated to cost 
 L. 188,507, with L.4000 additional for 
 steam-engine, vessel, and machinery 
 for dredging shoals, but the first men- 
 tioned sum includes the bridges at 
 Banagher and Athlone. The works 
 at Killaloe are stated to cost L.27,000. 
 Four of the arches of the bridge at 
 the Ballina end are to be reduced and 
 widened to three, the level of the pa- 
 rapet to be raised, and the road into 
 the county of Tipperary greatly ele- 
 vated. On the Clare side the canal 
 to Limerick is crossed by an arch be- 
 tween the bridge and the town. This 
 canal commences at the City of Dub- 
 lin Steam Company’s Station, in the 
 vicinity of the Pier Head and wet 
 and graving docks, behind which is 
 the reservoir. The stripe of land be- 
 tween this and the river above the 
 bridge is to be cleared away. In the 
 vicinity of the wet and graving docks 
 is the mall dock ; and the lands beyond 
 this, between the river and the road 
 to Scariff, belonging to the Bishops 
 of Killaloe, are subject to floods which 
 the improvements of the river will 
 rectify^ The Limerick Packet Sta- 
 tion is on that part of the Canal be- 
 hind the Cathedral, near the marble 
 mills, graving-dock, and slate yard, 
 which lie between the Canal and the 
 river. The Roman Catholic chapel 
 is at the other end of the town, on the 
 Green, a spacious width between the 
 High Street and Fish Lane. Popula- 
 tion of the town in 1831, 1411 ; of the 
 parish, 8587. 
 
 KILLALOE, a parish, rectory and 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Shillelog- 
 her, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Post-town, Callen. 
 
 KILLALOGUE, or St Tullogde, 
 a small parochial district in the Union 
 of Wexford, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns. See Wexford. 
 
 KILLALONE, a parish, impro- 
 priate rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 ronies of Ufa and Offa, county of Tip- 
 perary, and Diocese of Lismore. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1150. Post-town, 1 
 Clonmel. 
 
 KILL ALTON, or Telltown, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Kells, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 on the Blackwater. Population in 
 1831, 1308. Post-town, Kells. 
 
 KILLAMEEN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Moycullen, coun- 
 ty of Galway, and Diocese of Tuam. 
 Population in 1831, G219. Post-town, 
 Oughterard. 
 
 KILLAMERY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Kells, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, on 
 the Nore. Population in 1831, 1849. 
 Post-town, Kilkenny. 
 
 KILLAN, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Cloncliee, 
 county of Cavan, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more. It contains the village of 
 Shercock, by which the parish is also 
 sometimes designated. Population in 
 1831, 3902. See Shercock. 
 
 KILLAN, or Killin, a village in 
 the perish of Skirts, county of Ty- 
 rone, on the Derg river, not far from 
 the post-town of Omagh. A fair is 
 held here on the 17th of October. 
 
 KILLANCOOLEY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, on the Irish sea. Population 
 in 1831, 1204. Post-town, Gorey. 
 
 KILLANE, a parish in the Barony 
 of Bantry, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, on the Bove river. 
 The hamlet of Killane is about three 
 miles from the village of Kilteely, and 
 opposite to it is the residence of 
 Grange. Population in 1831, 2485. 
 Post-town, Enniscorthy. 
 
 KILLANE, a parish, rectory and 
 537 
 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kilconnell. 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Clonfert. Population in 1831, 1317. 
 Post-town, Kilconnell. 
 
 KILLANEAR, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Trughanackmy, 
 county of Kerry, and annexed Dio- 
 ceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe, con- 
 stituting a part of the corps of the 
 Deanery of Ardfert. Population in 
 1831, 1776. Post-town, Milltown. 
 
 KILL ANEY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Castlereagh, county 
 and Diocese of Down. Population in 
 1831, 1298. Post-town, Saintfield. 
 
 KILLANULLY, or Killingley, a 
 parish and prebend in the Barony of 
 Kerricurriby, county and Diocese of 
 Cork. 
 
 KILLANY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Farney 
 and Ardee, county of Monaghan, and 
 Diocese of Clogher. The Rev. Sir 
 Harcourt Lees, Bart., long known as 
 a political writer, was many years in- 
 cumbent of this parish. Population 
 in 1831, 4823. Post-town, Ardee. 
 
 KILLARAGHT, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Coolavin, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of Ach- 
 onry, on Lough Garragli. Population 
 in 1831, 1986. Post-town, Boyle. 
 
 KILLARD, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ibrickan, county of 
 Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe, on the 
 Atlantic. Killard Point forms the 
 western side of Dunbeg Bay. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 5619. Post-town, Kil- 
 rush. 
 
 KILLARD POINT, a headland in 
 the vicinity of Ardglass Light-house, 
 on the south-west side of Strangford 
 Lough, county of Down. 
 
 KILLARD Y, or Killadriff, a pa- 
 rish and entire rectory in the Barony 
 of Clanwilliam, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Cashel. Population 
 in 1831, 2272. Post-town, Cahir. 
 
 KILLARE, also Gave and Tham- 
 pheliun , a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Rathconrath, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath. It 
 had the privilege to possess three 
 churches, to each of which was a holy 
 
kil the gazetteer kil 
 
 well. Population in 1831, 3882. Post- 
 town, Ballymore. 
 
 KILLARGY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Dromahaire, county 
 of Leitrim, and Diocese of Kilmore, 
 having a village of its name five miles 
 from Manor-Hamilton. Population 
 in 1831, 4409. 
 
 KILLARNEY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Magonihy, coun- 
 ty of Kerry, and united Dioceses of 
 Ardfert and Agliadoe. The town of 
 Killarney is finely situated about a 
 mile from the Lower of the far-famed 
 Killarney Lakes, on a flat tract of land 
 which stretches along its northern 
 and eastern shores. It is a market 
 and post town, distant from Dublin 
 147 Ix*ish or 187 statute miles, by Li- 
 merick, Patricksw ell, Adare, Rath- 
 keale, Newcastle, Abbeyfeale, and Cas- 
 tle-Island. This town owes its origin 
 to Sir William Petty, ancestor of the 
 Marquis of Lansdowne, who estab- 
 lished iron-works on the eastern shore 
 of the Lower Lake, but ibcontinued a 
 small place till the middle of the 
 eighteenth century, when Thomas, 
 fourth titular Viscount Kenmare, 
 father of Valentine, first Earl of Ken- 
 mare, induced several respectable fa- 
 milies to settle in it, and introduced 
 the linen manufacture into the vici- 
 nity. This caused the erection of the 
 present High Street, and of the com- 
 modious Hotel for the convenience of 
 the numerous visitors who resort an- 
 nually to enjoy the magnificent sce- 
 nery of the Lakes during summer and 
 autumn. The working of the copper 
 mines at Ross and Mucross contribut- 
 ed to its increasing prosperity, and 
 the town is now r the permanent resi- 
 dence of many inhabitants of affluence. 
 Killarney consists chiefly of three 
 streets, the principal of which is the 
 High Street, built parallel to the lake, 
 from w'hich diverge a street of un- 
 equal length and several lanes and 
 narrow alleys. The best part of the 
 tgwn is Kenmare Place, at the south 
 end of the High Street, which is part 
 of the road to Tralee and Castle- 
 Island, and here is the beautiful de- 
 538 
 
 mesne of the Earl of Kenmare, extend- 
 ing between the town and Ross Bay 
 in the Lower Lake, watered by the 
 Deanagh stream on the north, while 
 the Flesk enters the Lake on the 
 south. In this quarter, on the east 
 side of the street, is the parish church ; 
 farther along the street on the same 
 side is the Market House ; and in New 
 Street, which runs west in front, on 
 the road to Milltown, are the Roman 
 Catholic chapel and a Presentation 
 convent or nunnery. In the town 
 are some Protestant and Roman Ca 
 tholic free schools, tw r o reading-rooms, 
 a fever hospital, dispensary, and alms- 
 houses for aged women, supported by 
 the Countess of Kenmare. The Court 
 House is a substantial stone edifice, 
 having a Bridewell attached; and the 
 old Court House is converted into a 
 theatre. Balls are occasionally given 
 in the upper part of the Market 
 House, which is an old building, now 
 chiefly appropriated to the sale of 
 linen. Boats, ponies, guides, and 
 every requisite for seeing the lakes, 
 and exploring the surrounding coun- 
 try, can be procured at the King’s 
 Arms and Kenmare Arms Hotels. 
 During summer and autumn Killar- 
 ney has a peculiarly gay and animated 
 appearance, occasioned by the con- 
 stant arrival and departure of visitors, 
 but during the winter and spring 
 months it is the very personification 
 of dulness, little business beirtg car- 
 ried on beyond the retail trade of the 
 poor district. The High Street is 
 the one of shops and business, and the 
 dirty narrow lanes are the abodes of 
 the poor and labouring classes. 
 
 In /the parish church, a plain edifice 
 with a low tower and slate covered 
 spire, erected in 1802, are several 
 mural tablets, some of which are above 
 the family vault of the Earls of Ken- 
 mare. Within the transept of the 
 Roman Catholic chapel is the tomb 
 of Lieutenant-Colonel Barry of the 
 Irish Brigade, who died in 1819; and 
 in the chapel yard is the monument 
 to the memory of the Right Rev. Dr 
 Gerald Teran, who died in 1777. The 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 Wesleyan Methodists possess a small 
 meeting-house, which is a very plain 
 structure. In the High Street are two 
 Hotels, the Club House, and the Read- 
 ing-Room, the latter open to subscrib- 
 ers and strangers, and the Market 
 House and Assembly Rooms already 
 mentioned. The Inn, called the Ken- 
 mare Arms, washonouredin the sum- 
 mer of 1825 by the sojourn of Sir Wal- 
 ter Scott, Miss Edgeworth, and other 
 distinguished literary persons who 
 formed that party. Their autographs 
 are shown in the Visitors’ Book kept 
 in the Hotel. In 1839 Mr Finn, the pro- 
 prietor, had a Hotel at Prospect, about 
 a mile west of the town, adjoining the 
 Lake, and overlooking the beautiful 
 island of Innisfallen and its enchant- 
 ing scenery. Beyond this is the Vic- 
 toria Hotel. The Hibernia Hotel was 
 the head-quarter3 of Mr Crofton 
 Croker in 1828, when preparing his 
 “ Legends of the Lakes and here is 
 also a Visitors’ Book, which is a cu- 
 rious registry of strange names, eccen- 
 tric opinions, and stale wit. Another 
 Hotel is at Clohereen, two miles south 
 of the town, in the vicinity of the 
 Mucross demesne. At all these Ho- 
 tels the accommodations are excel- 
 lent, and the far°s moderate, “com- 
 petition and arrangement,” says Mr 
 Windele, “ having removed thd very 
 serious complaints of extravagantly 
 high charges, formerly so frequent 
 and injurious. Tourists are readily 
 provided with all needful requisites 
 for their comfort and convenience. 
 Boats for the lakes, which are in ge- 
 neral large and in good order, horses 
 and ponies, or shelties, jaunting cars, 
 and other vehicles for land excursions, 
 can always be had at brief notice, and 
 on reasonable terms.” The arrange- 
 ments of the Bonifaces of Killarney, 
 however, excited the ire of the Sports- 
 man in Ireland, who has delineated 
 them according to his experience in 
 | 1839. “Although arrived at Killar- 
 ney,” he says, “ so kindly has the 
 main landlord dealt by the inhabitants 
 and visitors, that from no part of the 
 town can the lakes be seen. The great 
 539 
 
 charm which the view of those lovely 
 waters are calculated to create is effec- 
 tually extinguished by the high walls 
 and inclosed domain of the Earl of 
 Kenmare, the proprietor of nearly the 
 whole of this side of the lake. This 
 he has walled in, wholly depriving the 
 town of Killarney of any peep at the 
 waters, which I suppose his Lordship 
 deems his own. On my alighting at 
 the inn I found tolerable accommoda- 
 tion. I was surrounded at the door 
 by a host of fly-mongers. Crowds of 
 fishermen and boatmen beset the inn 
 at the news of an arrival, and many 
 with books of flies, which there could 
 be no hesitation in pronouncing the 
 greatest impositions on the unsus- 
 pecting stranger. Pestered with this 
 posse comitatus , not to mention.the ad- 
 ditional annoyance of the windows 
 and doors surrounded with beggars, 
 from whom escape were hopeless, in 
 endeavouring to see the town, I was 
 glad to excuse myself by ringing for 
 the landlord, w f ho did not think the 
 intrusion of so many applicants for 
 my patronage at all unseemly or un- 
 common.” — “ Faith,” said the Sports- 
 man’s friend, a gallant Major who 
 domiciled at Clohereen, on the banks 
 of the lake, and who opportunely arriv- 
 ed, “ and ye may thank me for saving 
 ye from the train of locusts which in- 
 fest the place. Not a boat goes up 
 the lakes (for they are all in the hands 
 of the two innkeepers and their lub- 
 berly idle crew) for less than L.2 
 a-day, what w r ith aiting and drinking* 
 bugling and bungling. Those fel- 
 lows play into one another’s hands, 
 and get a dishonest livelihood, bad 
 luck to ’em .” — i( As I purposed to 
 stay at Killarney some time, I did 
 what I strongly recommend all so- 
 journers there at once to do. I en- 
 gaged very comfortable private apart- 
 ments at 18s. per week, including at- 
 tendance, fire, and cooking. I then 
 visited the Market House, which was 
 well supplied with abundance of sea- 
 fish and meat. The prices were as 
 follows : — pork, 2d. per lb. ; beef, 3d. 
 to 3£d. ; mutton, 4d. ; a cod-fish, six 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 lbs. Is. ; fowls, lOd. a pair; chickens, 
 from 6d. to 6£d. ; potatoes, 4§d. per 
 stone. With all the necessaries of 
 life, therefore, at so cheap a ratio, it 
 is rather surprising that the inn 
 charges should be as large at Killarney 
 as in London, and it shows how neces- 
 sary it is that strangers, by their ar- 
 rangements, should defeat such un- 
 fair imposts. My next step was to 
 secure a boat, and agreed with a man 
 at Ross Island, at 4s. per week, for a 
 small but very convenient one for 
 fishing. I am particular in all these 
 matters, because without this informa- 
 tion English anglers and tourists will 
 be deceived by the persuasions of per- 
 sons that the lakes can only be pro- 
 perly visited in one of the inn boats, 
 at a charge for crew and all of L.2 
 per day — an amount very ill suited to 
 the real amusements of the sports- 
 man. The fisherman indeed requires 
 privacy, and fishing from a boat with 
 a crew of teu or twelve would be use- 
 less.” 
 
 The vast number of beggars in the 
 town of Killarney arrests the atten- 
 tion of all visitors of the beautiful 
 lakes. Idleness is here displayed in 
 its most intense degree, and the poor 
 may be said to be the chief inhabitants 
 in point of population ; but the Poor 
 Law Act will likely have a beneficial 
 effect on this grand head-quarters of 
 beggars. “ On our arrival at Finn’s 
 Hotel,” says our Sportsman, “we were 
 surrounded by a host of human be- 
 ings covered with rags, or rather hav- 
 ing rags of all possible variety of co- 
 lour and fashion hanging from their 
 bodies than covering their bodies, the 
 nether limbs of the more juvenile be- 
 ing absolutely naked. — Hundreds of 
 men, women, and children, flocked 
 round the coach, and beggars of all 
 descriptions impeded the entrance into 
 the inn. All seemed bent on one de- 
 termined purpose— that of robbing 
 the unfortunate traveller, some by 
 prayers for long life to him, others by 
 offers of assistance to see the lakes, 
 others by the display of the most 
 trumpery specimen of shells, little 
 540 
 
 boxes made of the arbutus tree which 
 abounds on the islands, the offer of 
 flies, &c. It is their object to appear 
 as poor and destitute as possible. 
 They fully expect you to open your 
 purse the moment you look into their 
 cabin, and have no notion but that 
 every visitor’s business is to give 
 something to them. If you ask a 
 wretched Killarney man to hold your 
 horse for five minutes, he expects you 
 will throw him at least a sovereign 
 for the trouble, and looks with won 
 der at a few halfpence. Every man 
 of this class expects in the smallest 
 service most enormous gains.” Mr 
 Windele thinks that the introduction 
 of the Poor Law system may consider- 
 ably lessen the number of beggars 
 who swarm in the streets and about 
 the inn doors, but “ that measure will 
 not affect motley groups of guides 
 and gillies, runners, drivers, boatmen, 
 and others.” Mr Inglis bears his 
 testimony to the bad alleys, close 
 filthy lanes and yards, “large pauper 
 population, and vast numbers of idle 
 persons” in Killarney; and Mr and 
 Mrs S. C. Hall, in their interesting 
 work on Ireland, the first volume of 
 which was published in 1841, give a 
 graphic description of the Killarney 
 beggys. 
 
 Four general quarter- sessions of 
 the peace are held annually in January, 
 April, July, and October; the Senes- 
 chal’s Court for the recovery of small 
 debts is held monthly, and a court of 
 petty sessions every Tuesday. Fairs 
 are also held ou the 6th of July, 10th 
 of August, 7th of October, 11th and 
 30th of November, and 29th of Decem- 
 ber* and the weekly market is on Sa- 
 turday, when the town is often con- 
 siderably crowded. The trade of the 
 town is iu groceries, salt, wines, 
 spirits, timber, coarse linens, and 
 other articles ; and here are two brew- 
 eries and an extensive flour-mill and 
 stores. Population in 1831, 7910, of 
 whom 6715 were in the parish of Kil- 
 larney, and 1195 in that of Aghadoe. 
 
 KILLARNEY (LAKES) are three 
 in number, but several others are 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KIL 
 
 in their immediate neighbourhood, 
 though all of minor importance and 
 inferior note. The romantic district 
 in which they lie forms a small por- 
 tion of that long mountain range 
 which stretches with few interrup- 
 tions from near the borders of Water- 
 ford county to the Atlantic, on the 
 western coast. This district was 
 known in ancient Irish history as the 
 Eoganacht, or Onaght , and afterwards 
 Ibheachcich. The Lakes of Killamey 
 are called the Lower Lake , the Mid- 
 dle, or Turk Lake , and the Upper 
 Lake ; the Lower Lake estimated as 
 covering 5000 statute acres, the Turk 
 Lake 1000 statute acres, and the Upper 
 Lake 1200 statute acres. The Lower 
 and the Middle Lakes are separated by 
 the narrow peninsula projecting west 
 from the mainland at Mucross Abbey 
 and Castle, and traversed by a road 
 which branches off from the road 
 from Killarney to Kenmare, near the 
 village of Clohereen and the Mucross 
 Hotel. In this peninsula is a small 
 lake called Doolagh ; on the south side 
 are the mines formerly in operation ; 
 and on both sides are numerous beau- 
 tiful bays. The road is carried by a 
 bridge across one of the narrow chan- 
 nels communicating between the two 
 lakes, over Briskeen Island ; and be- 
 tween it and the mainland, on the 
 south-west, is Dinis Island. On this 
 west side of the Lower Lake is Glena 
 Cottage, overlooking that part of the 
 Lake called Glena Bay, terminated on 
 the north by Glena Point. The Upper 
 Lake is two miles distant from the 
 Lower and Turk Lakes in a direct 
 line, and about three miles following 
 the windings of the river which de- 
 bouches from it into the Lower Lake 
 at Dinis Island. 
 
 The beautiful Upper Lake, nearly 
 three miles in length by three-fourths 
 of a mile in breadth, is inclosed on all 
 sides by mountains which rise from 
 2000 to 3000 feet, the most prominent 
 of which are the Long Range and the 
 Eagle’s Nest, on the north side of the 
 river which discharges the surplus 
 waters into the Lower Lake, and tra- 
 541 
 
 versing the valley between the south- 
 ern declivities of the Long Range and 
 the Eagle’s Nest, and the precipitous 
 side of Turk Mountain, a portion of the 
 Mangerton group. The Upper Lake is 
 fed by various mountain streams, one 
 of which is crossed ou the road to 
 Kenmare, and is called the Galway 
 river, forming a splendid cascade at 
 Derricunihy, near which is an ancient 
 rocking stone, weighing between eight 
 and ten tons, which can be moved by 
 the mere touch. In the same vicinity 
 the road is cut through a mass of 
 rock forming a short tunnel ; and on 
 emerging from this a sudden view is 
 obtained of the Upper Lake, which 
 spreads itself deeply inclosed by the 
 lofty mountains. The glens and hill 
 sides are partially wooded, and the 
 road, which has been of great advan- 
 tage to the surrounding district, is 
 carried along the sides of the moun- 
 tains, overhung by crags and woods, 
 and winds some distance along the 
 eastern shores of the Lake. Another 
 of the mountain streams which enter 
 the Upper Lake flows out of several 
 lakes in the adjoining dark valley of 
 Comme Dhuv, passing under what is 
 still called Lord Brandon’s Cottage. 
 In the Upper Lake are several wooded 
 islands, and the luxuriant foliage forms 
 a fine contrast to the general sterility 
 of the surrounding mountains, though 
 there is a considerable tract of natu- 
 ral oak towards the southern extre- 
 mity, and the defile traversed by the 
 river to the Lower Lake is thickly 
 wooded. In this quarter is the beau- 
 tiful promontory, or rather peninsula, 
 formed by the Lake and the river, 
 called Coleman’s Eye, which contains 
 a small pool. Near the south end of 
 this neck of land, on the side of the 
 new road between Killarney and Ken- 
 mare, is the Police Barrack. The 
 Coffin Point is a long and narrow 
 stripe of land jutting out from an- 
 other peninsula near the Cascade of 
 Derricunihy. The echoes are of un- 
 usual continuance and distinctness at 
 the Eagle’s Nest already mentioned — 
 a detached mass of rock overhanging 
 2 z 
 
KIL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KIL 
 
 the defile of the river, and 1100 feet in 
 height. 
 
 The Middle, or Turk Lake, in addi- 
 tion to the surplus waters of the Upper 
 Lake, receives the discharges of the 
 Devil’s Punch Bowl, and other streams 
 from theMangerton Mountains, which 
 are precipitated over a high ledge of 
 rocks, a little above Turk Cottage, on 
 the south-east shore of the lake. The 
 circumference of the Middle Lake is 
 about seven miles, its greatest length 
 two miles, and the breadth one mile. 
 It lies at the base of Turk, or Tork 
 Mountain, and though at first view, 
 from its limited extent, and its being 
 divided from the Lower Lake by the 
 richly wooded promontory of Mu- 
 cross nearly two miles in length, it 
 is rather of a tame appearance, pos- 
 sesses many striking features, and 
 its shores, as Mr Inglis observes, are 
 “hollowed out into numerous tiny 
 bays and coves, beautiful in form, and 
 offering to the eye of the painter the 
 most exquisite combinations of colour, 
 arising from the infinite variety of 
 ferns, lichens, and mosses, that over- 
 spread its banks.” It contains the 
 Devil’s Island and Geese Island, both 
 of which are in bays on the south side 
 of the Mucross promontory. The en- 
 trance to this Lake is guarded by the 
 Brickeen and Dinis Islands already 
 mentioned, the former connected with 
 the promontory by a bridge of a sin- 
 gle pointed arch, and the latter con- 
 taining a neat cottage. Both of these 
 islands are beautifully wooded. The 
 narrow channel from Glena into the 
 Turk Lake elicited the enthusiastic 
 admiration of Sir Walter Scott, when 
 he visited the Lakes of Killarney with 
 his family, accompanied by Miss Edge- 
 worth, in 1825. M»* Windele says 
 
 that the Dinis and Brickeen channel 
 is seldom selected by the boatmen for 
 a passage between the two lakes, that 
 between the latter island and Mucross 
 being more frequent. It seems that 
 the Devil’s Island is called by that 
 ominous name because it lies opposite 
 the estuary and cascade of the Devil’s 
 Stream, which descends from the 
 542 
 
 Devil’s Punch Bowl; and the Geese 
 or Goose Island lies within the little 
 bay of Dundag. The Devil’s Island 
 is small, lofty, and of difficult access, 
 its rocky and caverned shores fringed 
 with trees, but the surface is not 
 thickly wooded. The high road be- 
 tween Killarney and Kenmare in this 
 quarter passes along the base of Turk 
 Mountain on both sides of the cascade, 
 crossing the stream by a Gothic 
 bridge. The new road winds round 
 the north-west side of the mountain, 
 and enters the defile of the Eagle’s Nest, 
 where views are obtained of many of 
 the interesting features of the scenery 
 Tbe Lower Lake lies at the base of 
 the Glena, Purple, and Tomies Moun- 
 tains, over which tower the lofty Mac 
 Gillicuddy’s Reeks, the highest eleva- 
 tion of which is Curran Tual. This 
 Lake is computed to be seven miles in 
 length by three miles in breadth, and 
 the Tomies and Glena Maintains de- 
 scend abruptly to the western verge 
 of the lake, clothed with the richest 
 natural woods of oak, ash, pine, alder, 
 and beech, intermixed with hazel, 
 whitethorn, yew, holly, and arbutus, 
 from a height of several hundred feet 
 down to the water’s edge, through a 
 continuous distance of six miles. On 
 this side of the Lower Lake the most 
 remarkable object is O’Sullivan’s Ri- 
 ver, which descends from the moun- 
 tains by a thickly wooded ravine, and 
 forms a cascade 80 feet high close to 
 the shore, but numerous other moun- 
 tain rills pour down their tributary 
 waters. O’Sullivan’s Cascade is op- 
 posite the lovely island of Innisfallen, 
 about a mile and a half distant. The 
 Turfy and Derricunihy Cascades are 
 considered by some to be inferior to 
 this, which during the winter rolls 
 with impetuous velocity, and flings 
 itself in wild force over the cliffs, but 
 even in summer it is an abundant 
 flood, gushing out copiously from its 
 mountain source, and leaping and 
 dashing over the broken rock in three 
 distinct falls, following each other in 
 quick succession. A rude quay has 
 been formed at the cascade for the 
 
EIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 convenience of landing, beyond which 
 a pathway leads along the margin of 
 ; a romantic meandering streamlet. 
 Beneath a projecting rock is a recess, . 
 fringed and overhung with shrubs, 
 called O' Sullivan's Grotto , containing 
 : a rustic bench for the accommoda- 
 tion of the visitors to this fairy land, 
 and protected from the spray. 
 
 Off Glena Point, two miles south- 
 east of O’Sullivan’s Cascade, are the 
 Stag Island, Burnt Island, both noted 
 for their echoes, and the island called 
 Darby's Garden. Rounding what is 
 known as the Minister's Bock and 
 Glena Point, is the Bay of Glena, or 
 the Glen of Good Fortune, the scenery 
 of which is exquisite, and, indeed, of 
 surpassing loveliness. Nothing can 
 excel the picturesque, luxuriant, and 
 romantic beauties of this Bay, of the 
 entrance into which the Killarney 
 boatmen give due notice by awaken- 
 ing its fine echoes. It is appropri- 
 ately said of this quarter of the Lower 
 Lake, that if “ Killarney were de- 
 prived of all its other attractions, this 
 alone would be sufficient to repay the 
 curiosity of the stranger.” The shores 
 are clothed with the finest forest trees, 
 intermingled with the never-failing 
 holly and arbutus, all beautifully 
 blending their different shades of va- 
 ried verdure, and in front is the pas- 
 sage into the Middle or Turk Lake, 
 the islands of Dinis and Brickeen, the 
 peninsula of Mucross stretching in 
 front, the fine Castle Lough Bay in 
 full sweep on the east side of the 
 Lake, and direct east the magnificent 
 mountain back-grounds of Turk and 
 the Mangerton range. On landing 
 a vegetable wonder is to be seen in 
 the form of a remarkable holly tree, 
 from the stem of which shoot out an 
 oak, ash, hazel, birch, arbutus, and 
 thorn, all so curiously and ingeniously 
 grafted as if so many branches of the 
 same tree. Pleasure-walks are formed 
 along the beach, and a cottage, called 
 the Banqueting Home, erected by the 
 Earl of Kenmare for the accommoda- 
 tion of strangers, is placed in a beauti- 
 ful forest glade near the shore. Here 
 543 
 
 the tourists of the lake will find re- 
 freshments prepared for them, and a 
 salmon fresh from the water is usually 
 laid before the visitor, roasted on 
 skewers of arbutus wood, which is 
 supposed at Killarney to impart a fine 
 flavour to the fish. A private cottage 
 of the Kenmare family is a short dis- 
 tance from this “ ball of shells,” de- 
 lightfully situated amid the most syl- 
 van scenery, its environs well stocked 
 with game, and the resort of the red 
 deer, when roused from their retreats 
 by the sportsman, and compelled to 
 descend from the Killarney Moun- 
 tains, or in their progress to their fa- 
 vourite pasture islands, Dinis and 
 Brickeen, and the verdant promon- 
 tory of Mucross. The salmon-fish- 
 ing of Glena is the property of the 
 Earl of Kenmare. 
 
 Leaving Glena and the west side 
 of the Lake, the opposite or eastern 
 shore consists of low alluvial banks, 
 everywhere broken into promontories 
 and islands, from Mucross northward 
 to beyond the island of Innisfallen. 
 There are upwards of thirty islands in 
 the Lower Lake, varying in size and 
 appearance, and as if scattered in the 
 most studied irregularity. These 
 islands are mostly covered with foli- 
 age. In the Castle Lough Bay, be- 
 tween the Mucross promontory and 
 the debouch of the Flesk river, are 
 the Friar Island, Sugar Island, Osprey 
 Rock, Horse Island, Ash Island, Cow 
 and Yew Islands. Farther west are 
 the Juniper Island, the Gun and Otter 
 Rocks, off the headland in Mucross 
 called Camillan Point. A principal 
 group he in front of the junction of 
 the Flesk, and are severally known 
 as the Hen and Chickens, Coarse 
 Island, O’Donoghue’s Table, Jackdaw, 
 Crow, and Pigeon Islands, and Ele- 
 phant Rock. North-west of this 
 group are the Ross and Innisfallen 
 Islands, the largest and the only two 
 entitled to special notice, most of the 
 others being masses of protruding 
 rock. Ross Island, which forms part 
 of the Earl of Kenmare’s demesne, is 
 connected with the mainland by a 
 
KIL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KIL 
 
 causeway and bridge, and the inter- 
 vening morass is generally dry in 
 summer, but completely flooded in 
 winter. The island comprises 100 
 Irish acres, jutting considerably into 
 the Lake, abounds with natural wood, 
 and its shores finely varied. It is 
 kept in the best order, and its walks 
 and drives are laid out to show the 
 principal features of the Lake. On 
 the south shore of the island are the 
 lead and copper mines formerly in 
 operation ; and near the morass and 
 bridge are the ruins of Ross Castle, 
 which held out obstinately against the 
 English in 1652. This Castle and the 
 island give the title of Baron Castle- 
 ross to the Earl of Kenmare. Close 
 to the Castle is the principal harbour 
 on the Lower Lake, and the usual 
 place of embarkation, about a mile 
 distant from the town of Killarney ; 
 and in this quarter, on one of the 
 gates, is a thundering denouncement, 
 and horribile helium declared against 
 all trespassers, whether men or dogs. 
 Ross Castle is a tall embattled square 
 structure built on a limestone rock, 
 and sustained on the land side by a 
 plain massive buttress. It formerly 
 stood within a fortified court, the east 
 wall of which still remains, flanked by 
 two ruined circular towers, and at- 
 tached to the west side of the Castle 
 was a modern house formerly occupied 
 as a military Barrack — a most unpic- 
 turesque appendage, now purposely 
 changed into a harmonizing ruin co- 
 vered with ivy. Ross Castle was 
 fouuded in the fourteenth century by 
 one of the O’Donoghues of the Glen, 
 whose territories comprised the wild 
 and uncultivated valleys watered by 
 the Flesk, and as their lives were 
 turbulent their deaths were generally 
 violent. Roderick or Rorie O’Do- 
 noghue of Ross >vas forfeited for his 
 share in the great rebellion against 
 James I. raised by the Earl of Tyrone, 
 and a considerable portion of his estate 
 was granted to the ancestor of the 
 Earl of Kenmare. The family is now 
 supposed to be extinct, but the repre- 
 sentative of O’Donoghue of the Glen 
 544 
 
 is still possessed of some portions of 
 the old paternal domains. In 1841 
 the O’Donoghue of the Glen was an 
 infant, the grand-nephew of the re- 
 doubtable Daniel O’Connell, M. P. 
 The upper or state room of the Castle, 
 called O' Donoghue's Dining-Room , 
 contains a capacious fire-place, with a 
 plain marble mantel-piece, and the 
 staircase is spiral of cut stone. Many 
 romantic traditions and ridiculous 
 legends of those ancient chieftains are 
 current among the peasantry, and 
 firmly believed ; and the war- tune of 
 the family, called the Eagle's Whistle , 
 or O' Donoghue's Call , is given by Mr 
 Crofton Croker, in his “ Legends of 
 the Lakes.” The very origin of the 
 Lake is ascribed to one of the chiefs 
 specially known as the Great O'Do- 
 noghue , full of glory and renown. The 
 tract covered by the Lake was a noble 
 park, in which were the chieftain’s 
 palace and a rich and splendid city. 
 In the park was an enchanted foun- 
 tain kept carefully covered, on ac- 
 count of a prophecy that if ever it was 
 left open, even for a night, its waters 
 would rise and deluge the palace, city, 
 inhabitants, and surrounding district. 
 O'Douoghue one night got gloriously 
 drunk, and in defiance of the tradi- 
 tion, which he treated with scorn, he 
 announced, to the horror of all pre- 
 sent, that he would attest its truth. 
 He caused the stone to be removed 
 from the fountain and brought to his 
 palace, and all waited the result with 
 trembling, except one who fled to the 
 mountains, and on the following morn- 
 ing, instead of the city, palace, and 
 smiling domains, he saw the broad 
 Lake of Killarney ! The peasantry 
 believt that the city and palace still 
 exist in all their ancient glory in the 
 depth of the Lake, and glimpses of 
 them have often been obtained by the 
 boatmen. Even the great O’Donoghue 
 himself is permitted to revisit the 
 scene of his former glory once in 
 seven years, and make a progress over 
 the Lake on horseback. His appear- 
 ance indicates great prosperity to the 
 lucky wight who happens to get a 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 sight of him, and there are not a few 
 who pretend to have seen him, but it 
 also predicates a coming storm. At 
 one time he tries the green sward on 
 the shores, where he is the foremost 
 among contending hurlers, or is seen 
 engaging in the long dance, but he is 
 generally mounted on a milk-white 
 steed, followed by a long train of at- 
 tendants, who career swiftly over the 
 surface of the Lake. The rock called 
 O’ Donoghue’s Horse , or Crebough, 
 close towards the Mucross shore, is 
 believed to disappear during this ima- 
 ginary revelry, and the attire of the 
 chieftain is the most outrageous which 
 can be conceived — being gold and 
 scarlet, with a three-cocked hat , the 
 brim of which is amply adorned with 
 gold lace. Many of the rocks and 
 islets are traditionally connected with 
 this chieftain. The boatmen point 
 out his Library , which is an insulated 
 mass of rocks, his Pigeon House, his 
 Table, his Horse, a grotesque -looking 
 rock bearing a very fancied resem- 
 blance to a horse in the attitude of 
 drinking, his Prison, the surface of 
 which is peat bog, and other names. 
 The other islands rejoice in the de- 
 signations of animals and trees. Be- 
 tween Ross and Innisfallen is the 
 Mouse islet. See Innisf allen. 
 
 The north-west side of the Lake is 
 known as Mac Car thy More’s Country , 
 and here the river Laune enters the 
 Lake below Dunloe (see Dcnloe). 
 On its banks are the residences of 
 Tomies and Grinagh. On the north 
 side of the road from Killarney to 
 Milltown is the parish church of Agha- 
 doe (see Aghadoe) ; and between the 
 road and the Lake are the Victoria 
 Hotel, not far from Mahony’s Point, 
 and a number of villas. The demesne 
 of Mucross near the village of Clohe- 
 reen, about two miles south of Killar- 
 ney, is well worthy of a visit, and 
 comprises the entire peninsula of its 
 name (see Mucross). The road from 
 the town of Killarney as far as Flesk 
 Bridge is finely wooded, and the pic- 
 turesque grounds on each side orna- 
 mented by several elegant residences, 
 545 
 
 among which may be noticed Wood- 
 lawn and Flesk Priory. Between the 
 bridge and Mucross is the beautiful 
 demesne of Cahirnane; and onwards, 
 near the head of Castlelough, is the 
 residence so called — a modern seat 
 near the few vestiges of an ancient 
 castle erected by the MacCarthys, de- 
 stroyed in the Civil Wars, and nearly 
 razed to the ground by Ludlow in 
 1652. 
 
 The Lakes of Killarney present 
 scenery totally distinct from each 
 other. The Lower Lake, studded 
 with wooded islands and rocks cover- 
 ed with evergreens, is distinguished 
 for its beauty, and the Upper Lake 
 for wild sublimity and grandeur, while 
 the Middle Lake combines in a great 
 degree the characteristics of both. 
 Much could be written about these 
 Lakes and the surrounding district, 
 but, after all, they must be seen and 
 explored to be properly understood 
 and appreciated. The various loca- 
 lities are minutely pointed out by the 
 guides, who are a truly original race 
 of worthies, full of humour, and lay 
 many of the scenes of their superna- 
 tural tales of this region of legends in 
 the Glen of the Horse, a deep cliff in 
 the Mangerton range, entered by a 
 narrow pass, its gloominess increased 
 by two small dark pools. Numerous 
 other objects are in the neighbour- 
 hood of these magnificent Lakes. “Kil- 
 larney,” says the Sportsman in Ire- 
 land, “ is beautiful, and deserves to 
 be visited. In liberal hands it would 
 be the most delightful of watering- 
 places. Its proximity to the sea, its 
 native attractions, its cheapness, all 
 combine to render it the most delight- 
 ful retreat to families seeking retire- 
 ment, economy, and health. And 
 amid all the faults of the population, 
 it should be observed that a people 
 more free from crime, and more peace- 
 able, cannot be found.” 
 
 KILLARNEY, or Killary, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Slane, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 2062. Post-town, 
 Nobber. 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 KILLASHEE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Moy- 
 doe and Longford, county of Long- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ardagh. The 
 town of Killashee is four miles from 
 Lanesborough, and upwards of 60 
 Irish miles from Dublin, by Mullin- 
 gar, Ballinacargy, Colehill, and Kee- 
 nagh. It is a stage on the Royal Ca- 
 nal, three miles from Richmond Har- 
 bour. Close to this little town is 
 Templeton glebe. Several fairs are 
 held here during the year. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4140. 
 
 KILLASHER, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Glen- 
 awley, county of Fermanagh, and Dio- 
 cese of Kilmore. Population in 1831, 
 4651. Post-town, Enniskillen. 
 
 KILLASNET, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Rossclogher, 
 county of Leitrim, and Diocese of 
 Kilmore. Population in 1831, 5743. 
 Post-town, Mauor-Hamilton. 
 
 KTLLASPICKBROWN, also writ- 
 ten Killaspugbrone, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Carbery, county 
 of Sligo, and Diocese of Elphin, on 
 Sligo Bay. The two inhabited islands 
 called Coney and Oyster belong to 
 this parish. Population in 1831, 1312. 
 Post-town, Sligo. 
 
 KILLASPUGLENANE, also Kil- 
 laspugmullen , a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Corcomroe, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 fenora, on the coast. Population in 
 1831, 1454. Post-town, Ennistymon. 
 
 KILLASPUGMULLANE, a parish 
 and prebend in the Barony of Barry- 
 more, county and Diocese of Cork. 
 Post-town, Rathcormack. 
 
 KILLASSER, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Gallen, county 
 of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 6581. Post-town, 
 Foxford. 
 
 KILLATHY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Fermoy, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Post- 
 town, Fermoy, 
 
 KILLAVALLANE, a small village 
 five miles from Mallow, county of 
 Cork, on the Blackwater. Near it 
 546 
 
 are the ruins of the castle of Carrig- 
 nacorry and the church of Monanimy. 
 
 KILLEA, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Raphoe, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 Raphoe, on the Foyle river. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 986. Post-town, Der- 
 ry- 
 
 KILLEA, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Gualtier, county and 
 Diocese of Waterford, on Waterford 
 Harbour. In this parish is the property 
 of Leperstown, anciently bequeathed 
 to the poor of Waterford, and stated 
 in the Down Survey to comprise 419 
 acres. Population in 1831, 2519. Post- 
 town, Passage- East. 
 
 KILLEA, or Kilslew, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Ikerrin, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 1491. Post-town, Templemore. 
 
 KILLEAGH, or Killeigh, a parish 
 and entire rectory in the Barony of 
 Imokilly, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne. The village of Killeagh is 
 situated on a fine bleaching rivulet six 
 miles from Youghal, neVr Youghal 
 Bay. Population in 1831, 2763. Post- 
 town, Youghal. 
 
 KILLEAGH, also Killagh and Moy- 
 nene , a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Demifore, county and Diocese 
 of Meath. Population in 1831, 2137. 
 Post-town, Oldcastle. 
 
 IvILLE A GH, a village in the King’s 
 County, about four miles from Tul- 
 lamore, on the road to Mountmellick. 
 Near it is the residence of Quarry- 
 mount. 
 
 KIL LEAK, a parochial curacy in 
 the Barony of Coolock, county and 
 Archdi6cese of Dublin. 
 
 KILLEANY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Stradbally, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Leighlin. Post- 
 town, Stradbally. 
 
 KILLEARY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Slane, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 2343. 
 
 KILLEAVY, or Kilsleve, an ex- 
 tensive and populous parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Upper and 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 Lower Orior, county and Archdiocese 
 of Armagh, constituting the corps of 
 the Precentorship. A chapel-of-ease 
 is at Camlough. The linen manufac- 
 ture combined with agriculture is the 
 sole occupation of the inhabitants. 
 Population in 1831, 14,462. Post-town, 
 Newry. 
 
 KILLEBANE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Bal- 
 lyadams and Slievemargie, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Leighlin. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 9776. Post-town, 
 Athy. 
 
 KILLEDAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Gallen, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Achonry, on the 
 Guistidin, containing the village of 
 Clerky. Population in 1831, 5741. 
 Post-town, Swineford. 
 
 KILL-EDMUND, a small village 
 in the parish of Iviltennel, county of 
 Carlow, on one of the tributaries of 
 the Barrow. See Tullow. 
 
 KILLEEDY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Upper Con- 
 nello, county and Diocese of Limerick. 
 Population in 1831, 5420. Post-town, 
 Rathkeale. 
 
 KILLEEDY, Kilheady, or Kil- 
 keedy, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of Pubblebrien, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick, and 
 extending into the county of the city 
 of Limerick. Population in 1831,4160. 
 Post-town, Limerick. 
 
 KILLEELY. or Killely, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Bunratty, county of Clare, and 
 Diocese of Limerick. Population in 
 1831, 5141. Post-town, Limerick. 
 
 KILLEEN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Skryne, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. Near the village 
 of Killeen, the manor of which gives 
 the title of Baron Killeen to the Earl 
 of Fingal (see Fingal), is the large 
 castellated mansion of Killeen, the 
 seat of the Earl of Fingal. Dunsany 
 (Lord Dunsany) and Warrenstown 
 are residences in the vicinity, and are 
 situated in a rich valley four miles 
 from Dunsbaughlin. The magnifi- 
 cent church, erected in the thirteenth 
 547 
 
 century, is completely ruined, but 
 several tombs, bearing figures in the 
 episcopal habits and mitred, may still 
 be seen. Population in 1831, 588. 
 Post-town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 K1LLEENY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Upper Ossory, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of Os- 
 sory, in the Union of Aughamacart. 
 Population in 1831, 632. Post-town, 
 Durrow. 
 
 KILLEEN Y. See Killiney. 
 
 KILLEGALLY, or Killygally, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Garrycastle, King’s County, 
 and Diocese of Armagh. Population 
 in 1831, 5587. Post-town, Ferbane. 
 
 KILLEGAN, or Kiltegan, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Talbotstown, county of Wicklow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. Population in 
 1831,3815. Post-town, Ballinglass. 
 
 KILi-EGLAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Rata- 
 oth, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 
 KILLEGNY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Bantry, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1616. Post-town. 
 Enuiscorthy. 
 
 KILLE1GH, a village five miles 
 from Youghal on the road to Castle 
 Martyr, adjoining which is the finely 
 wooded and romantic glen of Ahadda, 
 with its neat small cottage, the occa- 
 sional residence of Sir Arthur Brooke, 
 Bart. Opposite is the seat of Kil- 
 leigh Lodge. 
 
 KILLEILAGII, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cor- 
 comroe, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of Kilfenora. Population in 1831, 
 2459. Post-town, Ennistymon. 
 
 KILLEINY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Corka- 
 guiney, county of Kerry, and annexed 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, 
 on Tralee Bay. Population in 1831, 
 2804. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 KILLELAGH, or Killelay, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Loughinsholin, county of London- 
 derry, and Diocese of Derry, in which 
 rises the Clydagh stream. Popula- 
 
kil the gazetteer kil 
 
 tion in 1831, 3045. Post-town, Mag- 
 hera. 
 
 KILLELEA, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Tynan, county of Armagh. 
 Fairs are held here on the last Friday 
 of each month. Post-town, Armagh. 
 
 KILLELLY, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Bal- 
 laghkeen, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, near the sea- coast. 
 Population in 1831, 641. Post-town, 
 Enniscorthy. 
 
 KILLEMLAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ive- 
 ragh, county of Kerry, and annexed 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on 
 the Atlantic. This is a peculiarly 
 wild and remote district, opposite the 
 Island of Valentia, and said to be the 
 most western point of land in Ireland, 
 though Dunmore Point may dispute 
 this opinion. At the end of the dan- 
 gerous estuary of St Finan’s Bay are 
 the ruins of St Finan’s church. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2548. Post-town, 
 Cahirciveen. 
 
 KILLEN. See Kilcarr. 
 
 KILLEN, a village in the parish of 
 Strabane, county of Tyrone, at which 
 a fair is held on the 17th of October. 
 
 KILLENAGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831, 706. Post- 
 town, Gorey. 
 
 KILLEN ANE, or Killinane, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Iveragh, county of Kerry, 
 and annexed Diocese of Ardfert and 
 Aghadoe, on the Atlantic, and tra- 
 versed by the Fartagh stream. On 
 the coast are the small harbours of 
 Lough Key and Lough Kells. The 
 district is mountainous, and Knock- 
 na-Nobber and the Hag’s Tooth are 
 upwards of 2000 feet in height. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3215. Post-town, 
 Cahirciveen. 
 
 KILLEN AULE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Slievehardagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. The post village of Kille- 
 naule, 96 English or 74 Irish miles 
 from Dublin, on the mail road to 
 548 
 
 Cork by Clonmel, and seven miles 
 from Fethard. Though in a very 
 fertile district of the county, and 
 pleasantly situated, it is a poor place. 
 Near it is the residence of Ballyphilip, 
 and within two miles of it, on the 
 road to Fethard, is the glebe-house of 
 Upham. In the town is a charity 
 school for a limited number of boys 
 and girls, supported by a bequest of 
 the Rev. Philip Cahil. Population of 
 the town in 1831, 1578; of the parish, 
 3464. 
 
 KILLENELLICK. See Galbally. 
 
 KILLENEY, or Killiney, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Baronies of Dun- 
 kellin and Kiltartan, county of Gal- 
 way, and Dioceses of Clonfert and 
 Kilmacduagh, in the Union of Kil- 
 colgan. Population in 1831, 611. Post- 
 town, Gort. 
 
 KILLENICK, or Killinick, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Forth, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, near Wexford Haven. 
 The village of its name is five miles 
 from Wexford. Population in 1831, 
 591. 
 
 KILLENOMER, a parish and rec- 
 tory, constituting the corps of a pre- 
 bend, in the Barony of Barrymore, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. 
 Population in 1831, 197. Post-town, 
 Rathcormack. 
 
 KILLEN OR, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Gorey, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1326. Post-town, 
 Arklow. 
 
 KILLENTERNA, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Trug- 
 henackmy, county of Kerry, and an- 
 nexed Diocese of Ardfert and Ag- 
 hadoe, extending between the rivers 
 Mang and Brown-Flesk. Population 
 in 1831, 1913. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 KILLENUMURRAY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Droma- 
 haire, county of Leitrim, and Diocese 
 of Ardagh. Population in 1831, 41 15. 
 Post-town, Dromahaire. 
 
 KILLEN YOY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Athlone, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KIL 
 
 containing the small village of Knock- 
 croghery. Population in 1831, 2250. 
 Post-town, Roscommon. 
 
 KILLENY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Clare, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Tuam. Population in 1831, 1572. 
 Post-town, Headford. 
 
 KILLENY, a fishing village in the 
 island of Arran, county of Galway. 
 The pier was erected by the Fishery 
 Board. 
 
 KILLERERAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Clare, Dun- 
 more, and Tyaquin, county of Gal- 
 way, and Diocese of Tuam, on the 
 Moy river, containing several hamlets. 
 Population in 1831, 4307. Post-town, 
 Tuam. 
 
 KILLERIES (The), or the Kil- 
 ler y Bay, a long narrow inlet which 
 runs ten miles inland from the At- 
 lantic, and so far separates the coun- 
 ties of Mayo and Galway, and also the 
 district of Morisk, from those of Con- 
 nemara and Joyce Country. The 
 breadth varies from a quarter of a 
 mile to nearly one mile, and the inlet 
 is an excellent harbour even for large 
 vessels, as there is a depth of water 
 from ten to twelve fathoms. The 
 salmon -fishing in the Kiilery Bay is 
 valuable, and cod, haddocks, and her- 
 rings abound. The Owen-Erive river 
 is precipitated into the Kiilery a lit- 
 tle above the assemblage of huts call- 
 ed Leenane, or Jack Joyce's , and two 
 miles below this locality the Bunda- 
 rough, which drains the Morisk dis- 
 trict, enters the inlet. About two 
 miles above the confluence of this 
 stream, in Morisk, is Delphi, the moun- 
 tain lodge of the Marquis of Sligo — a 
 plain building amid peculiarly wild 
 and grand scenery, the forms of the 
 mountains strikingly varied. At the 
 mouth of the Kiilery is the arm of 
 the inlet called Little Kiilery, run- 
 ning three miles inland. The Muil- 
 rea group, which rises to the height 
 of 2670 feet, guards the entrance of 
 the Kiilery Bay, and the whole scenery 
 is admitted to be the most magnifi- 
 cent of the kind in Ireland. The finest 
 549 
 
 view is from the water, hut this is 
 hazardous, as the Bay is liable to sud- 
 den and dangerous squalls. A splen- 
 did view is obtained from the hill of 
 Sallruck of the harbour and entrance. 
 A road, which in many places is mere- 
 ly a bridle path, runs along the Gal- 
 way side, passing the harbour of Bun- 
 owen, the Little Kiilery, and rouud 
 the coast to Renvyle, on the new 
 road to Clifden, which passes the head 
 of the solitary and romantic Lough 
 Feogh. Leaving this, the mountain 
 road of Maam Turk is joined near the 
 large lake Kylemore. Mr Inglis ob- 
 serves of the scenery in this district : 
 — “ I do not hesitate for a moment to 
 say that the scenery, in passing from 
 Clifden to the Killeries and Leenane, 
 is the finest in Ireland. In boldness 
 of character nothing at Killamey 
 comes at all near it, and although the 
 deficiency of wood excludes the pos- 
 sibility of a competition with Kil- 
 larney in picturesque beauty, I am 
 certainly of opinion that this part of 
 Connemara, including especially the 
 Killeries, which are in Joyce’s Coun- 
 try, is entitled to rank higher than 
 the more praised because better 
 known scenery of Killarney. — Be it 
 known, too, that this is a country of 
 lakes — lakes with as fine mountain 
 boundaries as are to be found in the 
 three kingdoms. — The Kiilery is of 
 an entirely novel character, and re- 
 sembles more the scenery of a Nor- 
 wegian Fiord than anything I know 
 nearer home. There is no scene in 
 England of the same character as the 
 Kiilery, nor another in Ireland either, 
 on so grand a scale. If the mountain 
 sides of the Kiilery were wooded, it 
 would be almost unnecessary to travel 
 into Norway in search of scenery.” 
 
 KILLER1G, or Killerick, a pa 
 rish and impropriate curacy in the 
 Barony and county of Carlow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin, on the Slaney. 
 Population in 1831, 1261. Post-town, 
 Carlow. 
 
 KILLERMOGH, or Kildermoy, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Upper Ossory, Queens 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 County, and Diocese of Ossory. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1078. Post-town, 
 Durrow. 
 
 KILLEROAN, or Killararan, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Killian, county of Galway, and Dio- 
 cese of Elphin. Population in 1831, 
 4777. Post-town, Mount-Talbot. 
 
 KILLERSRERDINY, also written 
 Kildrumsherdan, an extensive and 
 populous parish in the Barony of 
 Tullaghgarvey, county of Cavan, and 
 Diocese of Kilmore, the inhabitants 
 of which are engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of yarn and webs. There are 
 several villages, in which are schools. 
 One of these, for 60 boys, is supported 
 by a bequest of Mr Moore. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 6997. Post-town, Coote- 
 hill. 
 
 KILLER Y, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Tiraghril, county of 
 Sligo, Diocese of Ardagh, and united 
 to the vicarage of Kilenumurry. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2969. Post-town, 
 Dromahaire. 
 
 KILLESHANDRA, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Tullaghonoho, county of Cavan, and 
 Diocese of Kilmore. The town of 
 Killeshandra, 61 Irish miles from 
 Dublin by Black Bull, Trim, Athy, 
 Oldcastle, and Mount Nugent, and 22 
 miles from Enniskillen, is beautifully 
 situated on a gently elevated ridge, 
 surrounded by a chain of romantic 
 lakes fed by the Crogban stream, 
 which are discharged into Lough 
 Oughter. In the town are the ele- 
 gant parish church, a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a Presbyterian and Methodist 
 meeting-house, a small Sessions-House, 
 and several good schools. The pic- 
 turesque demesne of Castle-Hamilton 
 adjoins the town, within which are 
 several natural lakes, and the little 
 lakes of Croghan surround it. The 
 wooded peninsula of Gartinoul and 
 other localities in the grounds of this 
 demesne exhibit romantic combina- 
 tions of wood and water. The neigh- 
 bourhood of Killeshandra is naturally 
 beautiful and diversified, but greatly 
 defaced by wretched cabins, ill culti- 
 550 
 
 vation, and numerous absurd divi- 
 sional ditches. The town has little 
 trade, but considerable quantities of 
 agricultural produce and coarse linens 
 are sold at the weekly markets, and 
 fairs are held on the 28th of March, 
 9th of May, 22d of June, second Wed- 
 nesday of August old style, and 8th 
 of November. Three miles from Kil- 
 leshandra, on the cross-road to Mo- 
 hill, is the beautiful seat of Killegar, 
 romantically situated between Loughs 
 Laheen and Glasshouse, and adjoin- 
 ing Lord Farnham’s wood of Duna- 
 weel. These lakes are two of the 
 long chain of lakes fed by the Crog- 
 han. Population in 1831, 1137; of the 
 parish, 14,532. 
 
 KILLE SHILL, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Dungannon, 
 county of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. Population in 1831, 4615. 
 Post-town Dungannon. 
 
 KILLE SK, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Bal- 
 laghkeen, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns. Population in 1831, 
 1036. 
 
 KILLE SK, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Shel- 
 burne, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns. Population in 1831, 
 1009. Post-town, Arthurstown. 
 
 KILLE SKIN, or Killeshin, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Slievemargie, Queen’s County, 
 and Diocese of Leighlin, on the Bar- 
 row. It contains the suburb of Car- 
 low called Graigue. Population in 
 1831, 5152. Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 KILLE SKY, a parish and chapelry, 
 with a village of its name, in the Ba- 
 rony ofv Newcastle, county of Wick- 
 low, and Archdiocese of Dublin. The 
 elegant parish church at Nun’s Cross, 
 for the part of the Union of Wick- 
 low, was erected in 1817, at the private 
 expense of Francis Synge, Esq. Popu 
 lationin 1831, 2196. Post-town, Wick- 
 low. 
 
 KILLE SOLAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Kilconnell, coun- 
 | ty of Galway, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 but the village of its name is in the 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 Barony of Tyaquin. Population in 
 1831, 3812. 
 
 KILLETER, a village near the 
 town of Strabane, in the parish of 
 Leckpatrick, county of Tyrone, at 
 which fairs are held on the 21st of 
 May, 21st of July, 26th of October, and 
 19th of November. 
 
 KILLEYAN, or Killeevan, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 ronies of Dartry and Monaghan, on 
 the Finn river. Population in 1 831, 
 7273. Post-town, Clones. 
 
 KILLIAN, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Forth, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, on Wexford Haven. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 231. Post-town, Wex- 
 ford. 
 
 KILLIAN, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Killian, county of Gal- 
 way, and Diocese of Elphin. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 5386. Post-town, Bal- 
 linamore. 
 
 KILLICONIGAN, also Killoghco- 
 noghan , a parish and perpetual curacy 
 in the Barony of Lune, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 2329. Post-town, Trim. 
 
 KILLIGARVAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Kil- 
 macrenan, county of Donegal, and 
 Diocese of Raphoe, on Lough Swilly. 
 Population in 1831, 3643. Post-town, 
 Ramelton. 
 
 KILLIGNY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Bantry, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1531. Post-town, 
 Wexford. 
 
 KILLIHAN, or Killian, a Barony 
 of the county of Galway, divided into 
 seven parishes, bounded on the east 
 by the Shannon. It contains no town 
 of any consequence. 
 
 KILLIKEEN, one of the numerous 
 sheets of water scattered over a sur- 
 face of sixty square miles, which are 
 the principal feeders of the Erne. 
 Killikeen is one of the most beautiful 
 of these lakes, and on a small island 
 on the estate of Lord Farnham are 
 the ruins of Cloughoughter Castle, in 
 which the rebels confined Bishop 
 551 
 
 Bedell in 1641. The numerous lakes 
 alluded to extend between Farnham 
 in the county of Cavan and Kilmore 
 in Down. The woods of Killikeen 
 are very beautiful. See Cavan. 
 
 KILLIKINEEN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Dunkellin, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of Kil- 
 macduagh. Population in 1831, 1335. 
 Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILLIL ANE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Forth, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, one 
 of the parishes constituting the corps 
 of the Chancellorship of that Diocese. 
 Post-town, Broadway. 
 
 KILLILEA, a village in the parish 
 of Tynan, county of Armagh. Fairs 
 are held here on the last Friday of 
 each month. 
 
 KILLILEA, a village in the county 
 of Tyrone, two miles from the town 
 of Caledon, in a finely wooded and 
 undulating district. Near it is Elm 
 Park, the seat of the Earl of Charle- 
 mont ; and in the vicinity is the resi- 
 dence of Knappa. 
 
 KILLILEAGH, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Dufferin, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Down, on Lough 
 Strangford. The post-town of Kil- 
 lileagh, five miles from Downpa- 
 trick, on the western shore of Lough 
 Strangford, was formerly a borough, 
 incorporated by James I. The Castle 
 of Killileagh was erected by De Cour- 
 cey about A. D. 1180, at which time 
 the town was of some note, and was 
 the scene of much bloodshed in the 
 subsequent centuries, till it was dila- 
 pidated in 1648 by General Monk. 
 It was afterwards repaired, and in 
 1841 was the property of the grandson 
 of the celebrated Archibald Hamilton 
 Rowan. This town is interesting as 
 the birth-place of the distinguished 
 physician and naturalist, Sir Hans 
 Sloane, on the 16th of April 1660. He 
 was of Scotish extraction, his father, 
 Alexander Sloane, having been at the 
 head of the Scotish colony settled in 
 the North of Ireland by James I. He 
 was created a Baronet by George I., 
 a hereditary title never before con- 
 
K1L THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 ferred on any English physician, but 
 since that occasion not uncommon. 
 The town contains an elegant parish 
 church, a Presbyterian meeting. house, 
 and a Market-House. The linen trade 
 and the cotton manufacture are suc- 
 cessfully carried on; the small port 
 has been much improved by Lord 
 Dufferin, the principal proprietor ; 
 and considerable imports of cotton, 
 wool, iron, timber, and other articles, 
 and exports of grain and provisions 
 of various kinds, are effected. Fairs 
 are held on the 10th of April, 3d and 
 15th of June, 11th of October, and 11th 
 of December. In the vicinity are 
 Delamont, Ardigan, Ringdufferin, and 
 other villas. Population of town in 
 1831, 1147 ; of parish, 1147. 
 
 KILLILEAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lougli- 
 insholin, county of Londonderry, and 
 Diocese of Derry, on the Clody stream. 
 Population in 1831, 2392. Post-town, 
 Tubbermore. 
 
 KILLILY, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Dunkellin, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Kilmacduagh, 
 on the Carnamart stream. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1443. Post-town, Lough- 
 rea. 
 
 KILLIMOR-BOLLOGE, a parish 
 and vicarage, with a village of its 
 name, in the Barony of Longford, and 
 Diocese of Clonfert. Population in 
 1831, 4284. 
 
 KILLIMORD A LY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, extending into the 
 Baronies of Athenry, Kilconnell, and 
 Tyaquin. Population in 1831, 1945. 
 Post-town, Athenry. 
 
 KILLINAGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Tullaghagh, 
 county of Cavan, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more, on Lough Macnean. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 5383. Post-town, Manor- 
 Hamilton. 
 
 KILLINANE, aparish and vicarage 
 in the Baronies of Dunkellin, Kiltar- 
 tan, and Loughrea, county of Galway, 
 and Diocese of Kilmacduagh, on the 
 Gortnamuckin stream. Population 
 in 1831, 886. Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILLINANE, a parish and rectory 
 552 
 
 in the Barony of Idrone East, county of 
 Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin, con- 
 stituting the corps of the Chancellor- 
 ship. Population in 1 831, 899. Post- 
 town, Leighlin Bridge. 
 
 KILLINCHY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Baronies of Castlereagh and 
 Dufferin, county andDiocese of Down, 
 on Strangford Lough, to which Bawn 
 Island in that inlet belongs. The 
 little village of Killinchy is about 
 four miles from Killileagh, and nine 
 miles from Downpatrick, on the road 
 from the former town to Comber. It 
 is a short distance inland from Strang- 
 ford Lough, and grain and provisions 
 are shipped at Whiterocks Pier in 
 vessels of considerable burden about 
 a mile from the town. Fairs are held 
 at Killinchy on the first Wednesday of 
 February, May, August, and Novem- 
 ber. The parish church is an elegant 
 edifice, built in 1830. Near the village 
 are the residences of Ardview, Holly, 
 park, and Rockmount, aud the seat of 
 Florida is to the west of it, on the 
 road to Belfast. Population of town 
 in 1831, 199 ; of parish, 7820. 
 
 KILLINCOOLE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony and county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 Population in 1831, 801. Post-town, 
 Ardee. 
 
 KILLING OR, a parochial chapelry 
 in the Barony of Geashill, King’s 
 County, and Diocese of Kildare. Post- 
 town, Phiiipstown. 
 
 KILLINEEDY, or Killinelly, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Connello, county and Dio- 
 cese of Limerick. Post-town, New- 
 castle. v 
 
 KILLINE Y, a parish and curacy in 
 the Half Barony of Rathdown, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin, four miles 
 from Bray and twelve miles from Dub- 
 lin, on the road to Ashford by Del- 
 gauy. The village of Killiney con- 
 sists of a steep and narrow street, at 
 the base of the rugged and picturesque 
 hill overlooking the beautiful bend on 
 the shore, called Killiney Bay. Num- 
 bers of marine residences are scatter- 
 ed over the hill. The Killiney range 
 
KIL of IRELAND. KIL 
 
 consists of three hills, all rising very 
 abruptly from the sea; and on the 
 summit of the centre one, upwards 
 of 470 feet above the sea, stands an 
 obelisk, erected by Colonel Mapas in 
 1741, to give employment to the poor, 
 and thus a monument of that gentle- 
 man’s benevolence. The panoramic 
 view from this obelisk is of uncom- 
 mon beauty, and must be seen to be 
 appreciated. It includes, among other 
 objects, the Bays of Dublin and Kil- 
 liney, the amphitheatre of mountains 
 extending from Bray Head on the 
 south to the extremity of the Dublin 
 chain, the richly cultivated country 
 round Dublin, the Islands of Dalkey, 
 Ireland’s Eye, and Lambay, and the 
 Peninsula of Howth. In a field be- 
 hind Mount- Druid demesne, near the 
 Martello Tower, is a Druidieal circle, 
 with the chair of the high priest and 
 the sacrificing stone, all carefully pre- 
 served within an inclosure, but per- 
 mission is granted by the proprietor 
 to inspect these valuable memorials 
 of Pagan times. On the side of the 
 hill overlooking Leighlinstown is a 
 pyramidal pillar erected to the me- 
 mory of George, fourth Duke of Dor- 
 set, who was here killed by a fall from 
 his horse while hunting with Lord 
 Powerscourt’s hounds on the 14th of 
 February 1815. His Grace, who was 
 only tw r enty-two years of age, was on 
 a visit to his mother, who had married 
 Charles Earl Whitworth, then Lord 
 Lieutenant. The death of this young 
 nobleman was universally regretted 
 by the Irish people. At the foot of 
 the Killiney Hills, on the south bank 
 of the Leighlinstown river, are the 
 ruins of Shangana Castle, the remain- 
 ing walls in a good state of preserva- 
 tion, near which is a fine cromlech. 
 The ivy-covered ruin of the old pa- 
 rish church is a curious specimen of 
 the religious edifices erected by the 
 Irish after their conversion to Chris- 
 tianity. Numerous human skeletons 
 have been discovered between the 
 road and the sea, several sepulchral 
 stone circles are now removed, and 
 six large runs of baked clay, contain- 
 553 
 
 ing burnt bones, were dug up while 
 sinking the foundations of a cottage 
 between the Killiney and Rochestown 
 Hills. These memorials of antiquity 
 prove that this quarter was early in- 
 habited, though till a very recent pe- 
 riod the now finely cultivated and 
 thickly inhabited shores continued 
 nearly in a state of nature. Killiney 
 is also an interesting locality for the 
 explorations of the naturalist, and 
 more particularly of the geologist. 
 The road from Dalkey Common lies 
 up Killiney Hill towards the Tele- 
 graph. This Hill was once higher, 
 but a great part of it was cut and car- 
 ried to construct the pier at Kings- 
 town. As the locality is a favourite 
 resort of sea-bathers, who can here 
 find water at any state of the tide, it 
 was proposed in 1840 to found a town 
 called Queenstown, in honour of her 
 Majesty Queen Victoria, and in 1841 
 proposals were issued to form a Joint 
 Stock Company for that purpose, the 
 site of the town being on the east 
 side of Malpas Hill, one of the Killi- 
 ney group-i-a situation of unrivalled 
 beauty and grandeur. It is stated in 
 a popular periodical, published in 
 Dublin, in June 1841, but since unfor- 
 tunately discontinued — “ Plans most 
 satisfactory, and views prospective as 
 well as perspective, of this as yet non- 
 existent Brighton or Clifton, have 
 been laid before the public, with a 
 view to obtain the necessary ways 
 and means to give it a more substan- 
 tial reality ; but, alas for the uncer- 
 tainty of human wishes, Queenstown, 
 despite the popularity of our Sove- 
 reign, is not likely for some time at 
 least to present a rivalry in any thing 
 but its romantic and commanding site 
 to the busy, bustling, and not very 
 symmetrically built town erected in 
 honour of her august eldest uncle. 
 The good people of Kingstown may 
 therefore rejoice ; their glory will not 
 for some time at least be eclipsed. 
 But however this may be, the first 
 stone of the new town has been laid, 
 nay, the first building — no less a build- 
 ing than Victoria Castle has been ac- 
 3 a 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 tually erected. Like most modern 
 would-be castles, it has towers and 
 crenellated battlements, andlarge win- 
 dows in abundance, and is upon the 
 whole as unlike a real old castle as 
 such structures usually are. It is, 
 however, a picturesque and imposing 
 structure of its kind, and, what is of 
 more consequence to its future occu- 
 pants, a cheerful and commodious ha- 
 bitation, which is more than can be 
 said of most genuine castles, and its 
 situation on a terrace, on the south 
 side of Killiney Hill, is one as com- 
 manding and beautiful as could pos- 
 sibly be imagined.” It appears, how- 
 ever, that this town really will rise 
 into existence. In September 1841 it 
 was advertised that the Queenstown 
 Joint Stock Building Company, capi- 
 tal L. 150,000, in 15,000 shares of L.10 
 each, had completed the surveys for 
 carrying out the original design of the 
 proposed erection of this watering- 
 place on Killiney Hill. Population in 
 1831, 495. 
 
 KILLINKENE, also written Kil- 
 linskene and Killencare, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Baronies of Castle - 
 raghan and Upper Loughtee, county 
 of Cavan, and Diocese of Kilmore. 
 Population in 1831, 7600. Post-town, 
 Bailieborough. 
 
 KILLINSERE, or Killinore, a 
 parish, vicarage, and village, within 
 the county of the town of Drogheda, 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh. See 
 Drogheda. 
 
 KILLINVARRA, a parish and vi- 
 carage, including the village of Bally- 
 deery, in the Barony of Dunkellin, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Kilmacduagh. Population in 1831, 
 646. Post-town, Gort. 
 
 KILLISHY, also written Killishee 
 and Killossy , a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Naas and 
 East Ophaly, county and Diocese of 
 Kildare. Population in 1831, 791. 
 Post-town, Naas. 
 
 KILLOAH, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Delvin, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath, 
 united to the rectory of Killalon. Po- 
 554 
 
 pulation in 1831, 1619. Post-town, 
 Athboy. 
 
 KILLODIERNAN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Killaloe, on the Shan- 
 non. Population in 1831, 1348. Post- 
 town, Borris-o-keane. 
 
 KILLOFIN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Glanderlough, coun- 
 ty of Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe, 
 on the Shannon. Population in 1831, 
 4073. Post-town, Kildysart. 
 
 KILLOGLIN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Dunkellin and 
 Loughrea, county of Galway, and Dio- 
 cese of Kilmacduagh, in the Union of 
 Killinane. Population in 1831, 974. 
 Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILLOKENNEDY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Tullagh, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of Killaloe and Kilfenora. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 3586. Post-town, Kil- 
 laloe. 
 
 KILLON AGHAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bur- 
 ren, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Kilfenora, on the Atlantic. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1115. Post-town, Ennis- 
 tymon. 
 
 KILLONE, or Killoen, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Islands, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 2109. Post- 
 town, Ennis. 
 
 KILLONEHON, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Pubble- 
 brien, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Limerick. Population in 1831, 1085. 
 Post-town, Limerick. 
 
 KILLQRA/a parish and vicarage 
 in the Baronies of Dunkellin and Kil- 
 tartan, county of Galway, and Diocese 
 of Kilmacduagh. Population in 1831, 
 16S3. Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILLORAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Longford, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Kilmacduagh. 
 Population in 1831, 1835. Post-town, 
 Eyrecourt. 
 
 KILLORAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Leney, county of 
 Sligo, and Diocese of Achonry, an- 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 nexed to the vicarage of Kilvarnet. 
 Population in 1831, 3699. Post-town, 
 Ballymote. 
 
 KILLORGLIN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Dunkerrin, 
 Magonihy, and Trughenackmy, coun- 
 ty of Kerry, and annexed Dioceses of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe. The village 
 of Kiilorglin is on the banks of the 
 Lane, or Laune, a short distance 
 above its debouch into Castleinaine 
 Harbour, county of Kerry, ten miles 
 from Killarney, on the road to Ca- 
 hirciveen and Valentia, and two miles 
 from Milltown by the road from Cas- 
 tle-Island by Valentia. The Lane, 
 which receives the Lishaddin gtream, 
 is here of considerable breadth. About 
 six English miles from Kiilorglin are 
 the Uppgr and Low’er Lakes of Car- 
 ragh, well known to anglers (see Car- 
 ragh). “ I pushed on,” says the 
 Sportsman in Ireland, “ to the little 
 town of Kiilorglin. All the civiliza- 
 tion of Killarney had vanished ; I was 
 now approaching the wildest part of 
 Kerry, where no intercourse with 
 England existed, and where the Irish 
 language was in its native purity. 
 Most, how’ever, of the peasantry un- 
 derstood something of English, and 
 had little difficulty in directing my 
 route. At Kiilorglin will be found a 
 very humble but not uncomfortable 
 inn ; and, above all, I recommend the 
 anglers to spend one evening here for 
 a very essential purpose, that of pro- 
 curing flies of a gaudy feather, exact- 
 ly suited to the fresh run salmon, 
 among which he may anticipate abun- 
 dant sport. There is a very ingenious 
 artist at Kiilorglin, the only fly-fisher 
 of the place. — The Lake Carragh is a 
 splendid though utterly neglected 
 lake, and in visiting it the sportsman 
 must lay his account with the loss of 
 all the usual comforts. He should 
 provide himself with necessaries at 
 Kiilorglin, and, among other prepara- 
 tions, he must ask leave of the renter 
 of the river to fish the stream up to 
 the lake. This permission, although 
 granted by a person who pays a heavy 
 sum annually for the river fishing, I 
 555 
 
 KIL 
 
 believe to Lord Headley, is never 
 denied. The only house on the road 
 towards Cahirciveen, which presents 
 any accommodation, is about seven 
 miles from Kiilorglin, and very in- 
 vitingly situated between two rivers, 
 each about half a mile from the house. 
 One is the Carragh river, the other a 
 mountain stream of considerable vo- 
 lume ; and there is this peculiarity at- 
 tached to them — up the Carragh is 
 found nothing but salmon ; I believe 
 there is scarcely an instance of the 
 white trout making up that river ; 
 the other is crow'ded with white trout, 
 and not a salmon disturbs them. Both 
 these rivers fall into the sea within a 
 mile of each other ; yet, as by a ma- 
 rine arrangement, the fish never in- 
 vade each other’s dominions.” Po- 
 pulation of village in 1831, 893 ; of pa- 
 rish, 7919. 
 
 KILLOSCOBE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Tya- 
 quin, county of Galway, and Diocese 
 of Tuam, containing the villages of 
 Cross and Maylough. Population in 
 1831, 2033. Post-town, Castle-Blake- 
 ney. 
 
 KILLOSCULLY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the united Baronies 
 of Owney and Arra, county of Tipper- 
 ary, and Diocese of Cashel. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2993. Post-town, Ne- 
 nagh. 
 
 KILLOSKEHAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Elio- 
 garty, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, in the Union of Kil- 
 fithmore. Population in 1831, 601. 
 Post-town, Templemore. 
 
 KILLOSORY, a parish and curacy 
 in the respective Baronies of Balroth- 
 ery, Coolock, and Nethercross, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 380. Post-town, Swords. 
 
 KILLOTERAN, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county and Diocese of Water- 
 ford, on the Suir. It contains a char- 
 ter school, founded in 1744, and en- 
 dowed with 42 acres for 999 years at 
 what is called a pepper- corn rent, by 
 the Corporation of Waterford. Po- 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 pulation in 1831, 504. Post-town, Wa- 
 terford. 
 
 KILLOUGH, a beautiful and ver- 
 dant hill on the route from Dublin to 
 Cork, between the village of Urling- 
 ford and the episcopal city of Cashel, 
 at the base of which are the remains 
 of the old castellated houses of Kil- 
 lough and Macarky, near the resi- 
 dences of Shanbally and Spring Gar- 
 dens. The Hill of Killough is a con- 
 spicuous feature in the surrounding 
 flat country, and from the richness of 
 its surface is locally designated the 
 Garden of Ireland. It is of easy as- 
 cent, and as it is higher than the Rock 
 of Cashel, it commands a better and 
 more extensive view. 
 
 KILLOUGH, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy in the Barony of Lecale, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Down, on Killough 
 Bay, an inlet between Strangford 
 Lough and Dundalk Bay. The little 
 town of Killoogh is at the head of a 
 creek running off that Bay, a mile 
 and a half from Ardglass, and about 
 seven Irish miles from Downpatrick. 
 It is a considerable port for the grain 
 and coal trade, and has a number of 
 small vessels. There is an extensive 
 manufacture of salt, and the inhabit- 
 ants are actively engaged in the fish- 
 eries on the coast, which render it 
 the resort of many vessels for the sale 
 and purchase of fish. The pier and 
 quays were designed by Mr Nimmo, 
 and erected at the expense of Nicholas 
 second Viscount Bangor, the proprie- 
 tor of the town, who died in 1827. 
 Fairs are held at Killough on the 15th 
 of February, 5th of June, 15th of Au- 
 gust, and 15th of November. Near 
 the Charter School is amineral spring, 
 said to be both purgative and emetic ; 
 and Scor din’s Well is in repute for the 
 remarkable light quality of the water. 
 In the vicinity of the town are several 
 curious eaves. About two miles from 
 Killough is the bold rocky promon- 
 tory called St John’s Point; near the 
 headland is the residence of Jane- 
 ville ; and on the road to Downpatrick 
 is that of Oakley. Population of the 
 town in 1831, 1162 ; of the parish, 2742. 
 
 556 
 
 KILLOUGHTER, a parochial cha- 
 pelry in the Barony of Newcastle, 
 county of Wicklow, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin. Post-town, Newtown- 
 M‘Kennedy. 
 
 KILLOWEN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Half Barony of Cole- 
 raine, county of Londonderry, and 
 Diocese of Derry, on the Bann river. 
 Fairs are held here on the 12th of 
 May and 5th of July. See Cole- 
 raine. 
 
 KILLOWEN POINT, a safe har- 
 bour on the coast of the Barony ot 
 Iveagh, county of Down, on the north- 
 east side of the entrance to Carling- 
 ford Bay, two and a half miles south 
 of Rosstrevor, and a mile north-west 
 of Point Barry, north of Carlingford 
 Light-House. 
 
 KILLO WER, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Clare, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tuam. Po 
 pulation in 1831, 828. Post town, 
 Tuam. 
 
 KILLUCAN, a parish and rectorj 
 in the Barony of Farbill, county o 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath 
 The small post village of Killucan 
 34 Irish miles from Dublin by Dun 
 boyne, Suminerhill, and Ballivor, and 
 nearly seven miles from Mullingar, is 
 pleasantly situated, and contains a 
 comfortable inn, at which good post- 
 horses can be obtained. St Lucan 
 founded an abbey here, and his festival 
 is probably still observed on the 27th 
 of July. One of the schools is on the 
 foundation of Erasmus Smith. Fairs 
 are held in March and November. 
 Population of village in 1831, 206 ; of 
 parish, 5989. 
 
 KILLtJKEN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Boyle, county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 one of the parishes which constitute 
 the corps of the Archdeaconry. This 
 parish stretches down to the Shannon 
 at Carrick, that part of the post-town 
 of Carrick-on-Shannon which is on 
 the Roscommon side of the river be- 
 ing within its boundary. It is water- 
 ed by the Killuken stream, which 
 issues from the small lake of Knock- 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 roe in Creeve parish, and after a north- 
 easterly course, passing near the pa- 
 rish church, falls into the Shannon 
 below Carrick. The surface is diver- 
 sified by numerous hills, which are 
 all arable. Some moorish hogs are 
 on the road from Carrick to Croghan, 
 four and a half miles distant, the only 
 village in the parish, near which are 
 the residences of Hermitage, Fair- 
 view, Croghan, and some others. Se- 
 veral marshy lands, which are flood- 
 ed during winter, are used as meadow 
 and pasture in summer. The only 
 curiosity is a stone set up obliquely 
 between Carrick and Croghan, which 
 is a reputed Druidical altar, called by 
 the peasantry Clogh-Con, or the Crook- 
 ed Stone , and traditionally believed to 
 have been thrown there by the giant 
 Fin-Mac-Cool, the print of whose fin- 
 gers it bears, from a place in the coun- 
 ty of Leitrim seven miles distant. 
 This is the worthy who is said to have 
 formed the Giant’s Causeway, and it 
 appears from this veracious tradition 
 that he had wandered into the Pro- 
 vince of Connaught. Some weaving 
 is carried on, but there is great want 
 of employment, and the peasantry are 
 very poor. Schools are numerous 
 throughout the parish. Population 
 in 1831, 2948. 
 
 KILLUKEN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony and county of Roscom- 
 mon, and Diocese of Elphin. It has 
 a charity school for 50 girls. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 3498. Post-town, Strokes- 
 town. 
 
 KILLUMOD, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Boyle, county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 Population in 1831, 1978. Post-town, 
 Carrick- on- Shannon. 
 
 KILLURAN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Tullagh, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 2959. Post- 
 town, Killaloe. 
 
 KILLURE, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Gualtier, county 
 and Diocese of Waterford, in which a 
 Preceptory of Knights Templars was 
 founded in the twelfth century. 
 
 557 
 
 KILLURIN, or Killure, a parish 
 and vicarage, with a village of its name 
 in the Barony of Shelmalier, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, on 
 the Slaney river. Population in 1831, 
 638. Post-town, Enniscorthy. 
 
 KILLURSA, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Clare, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tuam, on 
 Lough Corrib. Population in 1831, 
 4612. Post-town, Headford. 
 
 KILLURY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Clanmau- 
 rice, county of Kerry, and annexed 
 Dioceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe. 
 Population in 1831, 4974. Post-town, 
 Tralee. ! 
 
 KILLYBEGS, aparish, rectory and 
 vicarage, divided into Upper and 
 Lower Killybegs, county of Donegal, 
 and Diocese of Raphoe. The town 
 of Killybegs is 126 Irish miles from 
 Dublin, by Bally shannon, Donegal, 
 Mount-Charles, and Drinkaneely ; and 
 123 miles by Enniskillen, Kish, Petti - 
 goe, and Donegal. It is situated on a 
 beautiful and capacious bay, round 
 which the hills rise to a considerable 
 elevation, literally studded with small 
 cabins, and diversified by patches of 
 tillage among the rocks, rendering 
 the scenery picturesque. The har- 
 bour of Killybegs is the best on the 
 coast, but the trade is trifling, and the 
 exports very limited, which may be 
 ascribed to the dreary and uncultivat- 
 ed surrounding country. The fishing 
 and curing of herrings engage nearly 
 all the coast inhabitants. Whales are 
 not unfrequently seen in the bay, and 
 some are occasionally taken. Killy- 
 begs is a place of considerable anti- 
 quity, and belonged to the former 
 Earls of Tyrconnell, who possessed 
 the greater part of this side of the 
 county. It was latterly a parliamen- 
 tary borough, but was disfranchised 
 at the Union, though it still enjoys 
 extensive privileges. The town is 
 said to be improving in its trade, and 
 some tolerably good houses have been 
 recently erected, but it is an irregu- 
 larly built, rigmarole-looking place, 
 the streets narrow, and all regard to 
 
kil the gazetteer kil 
 
 arrangement or convenience set at 
 defiance. Weekly markets are held 
 on Tuesdays, ana fairs on the 19th 
 of April and 12th of November. A 
 mile and a half west of the town is 
 Fintragh Bay. Population of the 
 town, 724 ; of the parish, 4287. 
 
 KILLYBEGS, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Clane, county and 
 Diocese of Kildare. Population in 
 1831, 1294. Post-town, Naas. 
 
 KILLYGORDON, a village in the 
 Barony of Raphoe, county of Done- 
 gal, four miles from Castlefinn. Fairs 
 are held here on the 3d of March, 31st 
 of May, 31st of August, 29th of Sep- 
 tember, 10th of November, and 1st of 
 December. 
 
 KILLY LE A . See Killile a. 
 
 KILLYXEAGH. See Killileagh. 
 
 KILLYMAN, or Killiman, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Dungannon, county of Tyrone, and 
 Barony of O’Neilland-West, county 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh, on the 
 Blackwater. In 1841 the celebrated 
 controversialist, the Rev. Mortimer 
 O’Sullivan, had been several years 
 rector of this parish. Population in 
 1831, 7579. Post-town, Moy. 
 
 KILLYMAR, a small tributary of 
 the Shannon near the town of Por- 
 tumna, county of Galway. 
 
 KILLYMARD, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ban- 
 nagh, county of Donegal, and Diocese 
 of Raphoe, on Donegal Bay, forming 
 the corps of a prebend. Population 
 in 1831, 4798. Post-town, Donegal. 
 
 KILLYMER, a small stream which 
 waters the demesne of Hearnsbrook, 
 six miles from Eyrecourt. 
 
 KILLYMORE (LOUGH), a beauti- 
 ful branch of the Shannon expansion 
 of Lough Ree. 
 
 KILLYNAULE. See Killenaule. 
 
 KILL YON, a parish and curacy in 
 the Barony of Upper Moyfenragh, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 818. Post-town, doll- 
 ar d. 
 
 KILLYSHANDRA. See Kille- 
 
 SHANDRA. 
 
 KILLYVARNEN, a beautifull hill, 
 
 558 
 
 ! finely wooded, in the neighbourhood 
 of Rathdrum. 
 
 KILM A CAB E A, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Carbery, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Ross. 
 Here are two small lakes called Lough- 
 drine and Ballinlough, the former 
 containing several islets which are be- 
 lieved to have positions, and the latter 
 abounds with trout of a peculiarly fine 
 flavour. Population in 1831, 5800. 
 Post-town, Cloghnakilty. 
 
 KILMACAHILL, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Gowran, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831, 1391. 
 Post-town, Gowran. 
 
 KILM AC ALLEN, a parish, pre- 
 bend and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Tiraghril, county of Sligo, and Dio- 
 cese of Elphin, on the Arrow river. 
 Population in 1831, 4262. Post-town, 
 Boyle. 
 
 KILMACALOGE, a village in the 
 parish of Toyista, county of Kerry, on 
 an inlet of the Kenmare estuary, hav- 
 ing a harbour said to be eight fathoms 
 deep at low water. 
 
 KILM A CDONOUGH, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the .Barony of 
 Imokilly, county of Cork, and Dio. 
 cese of Cloyne. Population in 1831, 
 3446. Post-town, Youghal. 
 
 KILMACDUAGH, a Bishop’s See 
 in the former Archiepiscopal Pro- 
 vince of Tuam, included entirely with- 
 in the county of Galway, along the 
 south-western boundary of which it 
 extends 23 statute miles, by' 15 statute 
 miles in breadth. In 1834 the Diocese 
 consisted of 21 parishes, forming four 
 benefices, and four parish churches ; 
 Roman Catholic chapels, 14 ; and only 
 one Protestant Dissenting meeting- 
 house. In that year the gross popu- 
 lation of the Diocese was 46,132, of 
 whom 656 were members of the 
 Church of Ireland, and 45,476 were 
 Roman Catholics ; the schools were 
 53, educating 3551 young persons, but 
 none of these schools were that year 
 in connection with the National Board 
 of Education. The Chapter of Kil- 
 macduagh consists of the Dean, Pro- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 : kil 
 
 KIL 
 
 vost, Chancellor, Archdeacon, and 
 two Prebendaries. By the act of 1833 
 the Bishopric was annexed to those 
 of Killaloe and Kilfenora, in conjunc- 
 tion with Clonfert, and the See lands, 
 consisting of 3950£ acres, producing 
 an average income of L.875, vested 
 in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. 
 The See was annexed to Clonfert in 
 1602, to which Bishop Roland Lynch 
 was translated, and has ever since 
 been held in commendcim. An imper- 
 fect list is given of 20 Bishops who 
 filled the See in succession, including 
 the founder, StColman, son of Duagh 
 (hence the name Kil- Mac- Duagh ), a 
 near relative of Guair, King of Con 
 naught, who endowed the Bishopric 
 with large possessions about the end 
 of the sixth century. The St Col- 
 man, who founded this Bishopric, was 
 usually designated Mac- Duagh, or the 
 son of Duagh , to distinguish him 
 from other holy men of the same 
 name who were his contemporaries. 
 He was fond of an ascetic life, and is 
 said to have resided seven years in a 
 wilderness in the south parts of Con- 
 naught with only one companion, but 
 whether jriale or female the legend 
 does not particularize. At the termi- 
 nation of this seclusion the holy man 
 was made Bishop, and founded the 
 See, which was dedicated after his 
 surname. His festival is kept on the 
 3J of February. 
 
 KILMACDUAGH, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Kiltartan and 
 county of Galway, united to the vicar- 
 ages of Kilbeaconty and Kiltartan, all 
 of which constitute the Deanery. 
 Three miles from the town of Gort, 
 on the road to Curofin, are the ruins of 
 the tower and alleged Seven Churches 
 of Kilmacduagh, which must needs 
 have its imaginary Seven Churches in 
 imitation of Glendalough and Clon- 
 macnoise. The round tower is in 
 tolerable preservation, and is consider- 
 ably off the perpendicular; but the 
 Cathedral , as it is called, is a paltry 
 ruin, and of the other churches, which 
 must have been miserable huts, only 
 vestiges are discernible. An exten- 
 559 
 
 sive cemetery is connected with these 
 ruins. There is an indescribable 
 loneliness connected with Kilmac- 
 duagh, and an immense plain of lime- 
 stone extends in all directions as far 
 as the eye can reach. Close to the 
 ruins is the residence of Rockville, 
 and two miles westward is the seat of 
 Bindon Blood, Esq., a gentleman well 
 known in Edinburgh, for his antiqua- 
 rian enthusiasm, where he has been 
 domiciled several years. Population 
 in 1831, 1854. Post-town, Gort. 
 
 KILMACDUANE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Moyfertagh, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Killa- 
 loe, in the Union of Kilmorey. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 5738. Post-town, 
 Kilrush. 
 
 KILMACENOGUE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Half Barony of Rath- 
 down, county of Wicklow, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. Population in 
 1831,2131. Post-town, Bray. 
 
 KILM ACE VOGUE, a parish in the 
 Barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory. Population 
 in 1831, 1027. Post-town, Ross. 
 
 KILMACLASSEN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Moyrisk, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, 
 on the Atlantic. Post-town, West- 
 port. 
 
 KILM ACLE AGUE, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Gualtier, county and Diocese of Wa- 
 terford, on the sea-coast, the rectory 
 forming part of the Chancellorship of 
 the Diocese. Population in 1831, 1000. 
 Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 KILMACLENY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Orrery and 
 Kilmore, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, forming the corps of a pre- 
 bend. Population in 1831, 325. Post- 
 town, Doneraile. 
 
 KILMACNEVIN, a parish and cu- 
 racy in the Barony of Moygoish, coun- 
 ty of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 2604. 
 Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 KILMACOE, or Kilmacow, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Arklow, county of Wicklow, and 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, in the vicinity 
 of the Cronebane and Ballymurtagh 
 copper mines. Population in 1831, 
 481. Post-town, Rathdrum. 
 
 KILM A COE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Iverk, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, having a village of its name. 
 Population in 1831, 1996. Post-town, 
 Waterford. 
 
 KILMACOEN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Carbery, county 
 of Sligo, and Diocese of Elphin. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2296. Post-town, 
 Sligo. 
 
 KILMACOMB, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Gual- 
 tier, county and Diocese of Water- 
 ford, on Waterford Harbour, the rec- 
 tory constituting part of the corps of 
 the Deanery. Population in 1831, 
 785. Post town, Passage-East. 
 
 KILMACOMMOGE, au extensive 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Bantry, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 including the town of Bantry and the 
 islands in the Bay. See Bantry. 
 
 KILMACREAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Tyaquin, county 
 of Galway, and Diocese of Tuam. 
 Population in 1831, 1907. Post-town, 
 Ballinamore. 
 
 KILMACREDA, a village in the 
 parish of Templecroan, county of 
 Donegal. 
 
 KTLMACREE, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Forth, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, on Wexford Haven. 
 Population in 1831, 203. 
 
 KILM ACRE H Y, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cor- 
 comroe, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of Kilfenora, on the sea-coast. The 
 Fishery Board erected the pier here 
 to facilitate the valuable fishings. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3343. Post-town, 
 Ennistymon. 
 
 KILMACREN AN, a Barony of the 
 county of Donegal, divided into twelve 
 parishes, and containing the towns of 
 Letterkenny, Ramelton, Dunfanaghy, 
 and several villages. The district is 
 mountainous, but large quantities of 
 560 
 
 oats are raised. Lough Swilly, Sheep- 
 haven, and Mulroy, are the principal 
 harbours, but the coast contains nu- 
 merous minor inlets. 
 
 KXLMACRENAN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of its 
 name, and Diocese of Raphoe. The 
 village of Kilmacrenan is five miles 
 from Letterkenny, and 121 Irish miles 
 from Dublin, on the road to Dun- 
 fanaghy by Lough Salt, Glen, and 
 Creeslough. It is prettily situated in 
 a valley watered by the Leanan. Near 
 it are the ruins of an ancient abbey, 
 and the rock on which the O’Don- 
 nells, Princes of Tyrconnell, were in- 
 augurated. On ahill is the pool called 
 Lough Salt, surrounded by moun- 
 tains, amid wild and lonely scenery. 
 Population in 1831, 9251. Post-town, 
 Letterkenny. 
 
 KILMACSHALGAN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Tyreragh, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala. Population in 1831, 3330. Post- 
 town, Sligo. 
 
 KILM ACTALWAY, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Newcastle, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 Population in 1831, 472. 
 
 KILMACTEIGHE, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Leney, county of Sligo, and Diocese of 
 Achonry, watered by the Moy, in 
 which are valuable salmon-fishings. 
 Population in 1831, 7654. Post-town, 
 Foxford. 
 
 KILMACTHOMAS, a decayed vil- 
 lage in the parish of Rossmire, county 
 of Waterford, twelve miles from the 
 city of Waterford, on the road to 
 Cork by Dungarvan, Youghal, and 
 Castlemartyr. It is romantically si- 
 tuated on the side of a deep valley 
 watered by the Mahon. The road is 
 so constructed as to avoid the steep 
 ascents connected with the village. 
 
 KILMACTRANY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Tiraghril, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 Population in 1831, 4008. Post-town, 
 Boyle. 
 
 KILM A CUD, a parochial curacy in 
 the Half Barony of Rathdown, county 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KIL 
 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin, united 
 to Stillorgan. Kilmacud House is a 
 splendid mansion erected by Lord 
 Redesdale. 
 
 KILMACUMSEY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Boyle, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 Population in 1831, 2396. Post-town, 
 Elphin. 
 
 KILMACUNNA, or Lusmagh, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Garrycastle, King’s County, and Dio- 
 cese of Clonfert, on the Little Brosna. 
 Population in 1831, 3420. Post-town, 
 Banagher. 
 
 KILMADEMOGE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Fassadining, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, on the Dining or Dinin river. 
 Population in 1831, 679. Post-town, 
 Castlecomer. 
 
 KILMAGANY, a parish and per- 
 petual curacy in the Barony of Kells, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. The village of Kilmagany 
 is 69 Irish miles from Dublin by 
 Thomastown and Aughaviller, and 
 seven miles from Carrick-on-Suir, at 
 the junction of the principal roads 
 leading from Dublin to Carrick-on- 
 I Suir, at the entrance of a pass cross- 
 ing a low chain of hills which com- 
 mence at Graig near the Barrow. 
 Post-town, Knocktopher. 
 
 KILMAGUE, or Kilmaoge, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Connell, county and Diocese 
 of Kildare. Population in 1831, 3904. 
 Post-town, Kildare. 
 
 KILMAHON, a parish, rectory and 
 I vicarage, in the Barony of Imokilly, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 
 on the sea-coast. Population in 1831, 
 1658. Post-town, Cloyne. 
 
 KILMAIN. See Killahurler. 
 
 KILMAINBEG, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Kil- 
 maine, county of Mayo, and Diocese 
 of Tuam. Population in 1831, 1343. 
 Post-town, Ballinrobe. 
 
 KILMAINE, a Barony of the coun- 
 ty of Mayo, divided into eleven pa- 
 rishes, and containing the towns of 
 Ballinrobe and Shruel. It gives the 
 561 
 
 title of Baron, in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land, to the Noble Family of Browne, 
 descended from a common ancestor 
 with the now extinct family of Browne, 
 YiscountsMontagueinEngland. John 
 Browne, Esq. of the Neale, county of 
 Mayo, was advanced to the dignity of 
 a Baronet of Nova Scotia in 1632. He 
 married Mary, daughter of Sir Do- 
 minick Browne, of Castle-Margaret 
 in Galway, by whom he had three 
 sons and seven daughters. He was 
 succeeded by his eldest son, and his 
 second son was ancestor of the Mar- 
 quises of Sligo. Sir John Browne, 
 descended from Sir George the se- 
 cond Baronet, was created Baron Kil- 
 maine, in the Peerage of Ireland, in 
 1789, and was succeeded in 1794 by 
 his eldest son as second Lord. 
 
 KILMAINE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Athlone, county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 containing the villages of Ballinphal 
 and Brackna. Population in 1831, 2392. 
 Post-town, Roscommon. 
 
 KILMAINEMORE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Kilmaine, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Tuam. Population in 1831, 4176. Post- 
 town, Ballinrobe. 
 
 KILMAINHAM. See Dublin. 
 
 K1LMAINHAMBEG. See Kil- 
 
 BEG. 
 
 KILMAINHAM- WOOD, a parish 
 and vicarag«, with a village of its 
 name, in the Barony of Lower Kells, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. The 
 village k about four miles from the 
 post-town of Nobber. Population in 
 1831, 1454. 
 
 KILMAKEA, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Shelburne, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Post- 
 town, New Ross. 
 
 KILMALCADY, the most eastern 
 of four tracts of bog in the King’s 
 County, extending from the field 
 drained by the Blackwater to the 
 north of the town of Clara. It is now 
 known as the Moving Bog , because in 
 1821 it hurst its bounds, and flowed a 
 mile and a half into an adjoining val- 
 ley. 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KIL 
 
 KILMALEERY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage,, in the Barony of Bun- 
 ratty, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. Population in 1831,519. Post- 
 town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 KILMALLOCK, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cosh- 
 lea, county and Diocese of Limerick, 
 forming part of the Liberties of Kil- 
 mallock. The town of Kilmallock is 
 110 Irish miles from Dublin, and 16 
 miles from Limerick, on the road by 
 Bruff to Charleville. It is situated on 
 the Cammogue stream, and had long a 
 most desolate appearance. This town, 
 which has an extraordinary collec- 
 tion of ruins of castles, abbeys, old 
 stone mansions, and fortifications, was 
 built by the Earl of Desmond, and 
 demolished during the wars of the 
 Commonwealth. Here the antiqua- 
 rian and the lover of the picturesque 
 will find abundant objects of interest. 
 A charter was first granted to the 
 inhabitants by Edward VI. ; and their 
 privileges were extended by Queen 
 Elizabeth. In 1598 the town was in- 
 vested by the Irish, and relieved by 
 the Earl of Ormonde. In 1641 and 
 1642 several battles were fought in 
 the vicinity, and the town severely 
 suffered. The ancient corporation 
 was governed by a Sovereign and his 
 deputy, and previous to the Union 
 two members were returned to Par- 
 liament for the borough. A Domi- 
 nican Abbey was erected in the thir- 
 teenth century by the Sovereign, Bur- 
 gesses, and Commonalty; and it is 
 said that the parish church occupies 
 the site of an abbey for regular canons 
 founded by one St Mochoallog, or St 
 Mallocb, in the sixth century, of which 
 the original round tower remains. 
 Outside of the town, on the banks of 
 the Cammogue, are the ruins of two 
 fine monasteries, in which are several 
 curious and interesting sepulchral mo- 
 numents. Dr Campbell designates 
 Kilmallock the Irish Baalbec , and this 
 epithet is not undeserved, if under- 
 stood as only applying to a great as- 
 semblage of ruins, but utterly devoid 
 of the splendour of the renowned Ori- 
 562 
 
 ental city. The town is said to have 
 been walled before the arrival of the 
 Anglo-Normans, but its history is 
 chiefly connected with the Desmoiid 
 branch of the Geraldines, the ancient 
 lords of the place, and it ranked as 
 their chief town. Two of the four 
 great entrance gateways, of lofty and 
 imposing appearance, still remain, and 
 some small towers are in the sur- 
 rounding town-wall. The principal 
 street consists of stone built houses, 
 many of them three storeys high, 
 having mullion windows and door- 
 ways of cut stone, the latter usually 
 arched. These houses, which in 
 former times were the residences of 
 the nobility and gentry of the county, 
 are built in the castellated style, and 
 were so many fortalices, having curi- 
 ous and grotesque spouts, and fre- 
 quently an ornamented architrave 
 above the first storey. None of these 
 houses are earlier than the reign of 
 Elizabeth, and most of them are of 
 James I.’s time, but several of the 
 ruined castles, the gates, and the sur- 
 rounding walls, are connected with 
 the Desmonds. Kilmallock was long 
 inhabited by some wretched peasants, 
 who resided here and there in mud 
 cabins on the corners of the deserted 
 mansions, from which they issued the 
 very personification of poverty, aud 
 their appearance only increased the 
 sadness and desolation of the place. 
 The tow T n, however, has now revived, 
 and some good houses and shops are 
 in the main street. The remains of 
 the C&stle are in the centre. The 
 abbey is now used as the parish 
 church, and in the ruined Dominican 
 Friary is the tomb of Fitzgerald the 
 White Knight. Near the town are 
 the seats of Ash-Hill, Mount-Coote, 
 Fairymount, and other residences. 
 Population in 1831, 1213; of parish, 
 2834. 
 
 KILMALLY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Islands, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 4296. Post- 
 town, Ennis. 
 
 KILMALODA, a parish, rectory 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Car- 
 bery, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Ross. Population in 1831,3317. Post- 
 town, Bandon. 
 
 KILMALOG, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831, 1159. Post- 
 town, Enniscorthy. 
 
 KILMANAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cran- 
 nagh, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Population in 1831, 1663. 
 Post-town, Callan. 
 
 KILMANAGH, or Ktlnamanagh, 
 a parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Bere, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Ross, on the Atlantic, of 
 which Dursey Island is a part. In 
 this parish is a valuable copper mine. 
 Population in 1831, 5612. Post-town, 
 Castletown. 
 
 KILMANAGHAN, a parish and 
 chapelry in the Barony of Kilcoursie, 
 King’s County, and in the Barony of 
 Clonlonan, county of Westmeath, and 
 Diocese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 3414. Post-town, Clara. 
 
 KILMANAHEEN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Corcomroe, county of Clare, and Dio- 
 cese of Kilfenora, constituting a part 
 of the corps of the Archdeaconry. 
 Population in 1831, 5475. Post-town, 
 Ennistymon. 
 
 KILMANAN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Bargie, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 794. Post-town, 
 Wexford. See Robertstown. 
 
 KILM AST ULLA, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Owney 
 and Urra, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Emly. The village of 
 Kilmastulla is eight Irish miles from 
 Nenagh, and twelve miles from Lime- 
 rick, and beyond it is the residence 
 of Birdhill, below which, near the 
 roads branching off to Killaloe and 
 Newport, is a small inn. The Kil- 
 mastulla stream waters a vale, on the 
 left of which in the hills are silver 
 mines. Population in 1831, 2834. Post- 
 town, Killaloe, three miles distant. 
 
 563 
 
 KILMEADEN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of ]\Jid- 
 dlethird, county and Diocese of Wa- 
 terford, on the navigable part of the 
 Suir. Here is a strong chalybeate 
 spa. The seat of Kilmeaden House 
 occupies the site of an ancient castle. 
 A new road branches off to Car- 
 rick and P or flaw. Population in 1831, 
 2621. Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 KILMEAGUE, a village six miles 
 from Clane, in the county of Kil- 
 dare, in the vicinity of which are the 
 residences of Mayfield and Punches 
 Grange, at the base of the Hills of 
 Allen, in the arable tract called the 
 Island of Allen , surrounded by bog. 
 
 KILMEEN, or Kilvine, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Leitrim, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Tuam. Population in 1831, 
 852. Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILMEEN, or Kilmine, a parish 
 and rectory in the Baronies of East 
 Carbery and of Ibawne andBarryroe, 
 on the Aghadeeu river. Population 
 in 1831, 3980. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 KILMEGHAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Upper Iveagh, 
 Lecale, and Kinelearty, county and 
 Diocese of Down, in the Lordship of 
 Newry, constituting apart of the corps 
 of the Treasurership of the Cathedral. 
 Population in 1831, 6921. Post-town, 
 Castle- Wellan. 
 
 KILMELCUEDOR, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Corkagui- 
 ney, county of Kerry, and Diocese of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe. Population 
 in 1831, 2288. Post-town, Dingle. 
 
 KILMENAN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Fassadin- 
 ing, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Population in 1831, 316. 
 Post-town, Ballinakill. 
 
 KILMESSIN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Low’er Heece, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Meath. Near the 
 village of Kilmessin is the old de- 
 mesne of Swanstown. Population in 
 1831,812. Post-town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 KILMICHAEL, a parish, impro- 
 priate rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of West Muskerry, county and 
 
KIL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Diocese of Cork, on the Toone river. 
 Population in 1831, 6166. Post-town, 
 Macrootn. 
 
 KILMICHAEL, or Kilmihill, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Clanderlaw, county of Clare, and 
 Diocese of Killaloe. Population in 
 1831, 3974. Post-town, Kildysart. 
 
 KILMICHAEL POINT, a head- 
 land in the parish of Arklow, county 
 of Wicklow, east of which are the 
 fishing hanks of Kilmichael and Kil- 
 gorman. 
 
 KILMILCON, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Baronies of Owney and 
 Arra, or, according to another state- 
 ment, the Barony of Clan william, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Population in 1831, 165. 
 Post-town, Newport. 
 
 KILMINA, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Borrishoole, county 
 of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, on 
 Newport Bay. A number of the in- 
 habited islands in Clew Bay belong to 
 this parish. Population in 1831, 9000. 
 Post-town, Newport. 
 
 KILMOCAR, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Fassadining, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory. 
 Population in 1831, 1413. Post-town, 
 Castlecomer. 
 
 KILMOCRISH, a parish, impro- 
 priate curacy, and village, in the Ba- 
 rony of Ballaghkeen, county of Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns, on the 
 sea-coast. Population in 1831, 1334. 
 Post town, Oulart. 
 
 KILMODEEN, or Kilmodum, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Fassadining, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory, on the Dining or 
 Dinan river. Population in 1831, 
 900. Post-town, Castlecomer. 
 
 KILMOE, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of West Carbery, county 
 and Diocese of Cork. It is the pen- 
 insula stretching into the Atlantic 
 on which the town of Crookhaven is 
 situated, and which is within the pa- 
 rish. Population in 1831, 6889. 
 
 KILMOIL AN, or Kilmoylan, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Clare, county of Galway, and Diocese 
 564 
 
 of Tuam. Population in 1831, 1788. 
 Post-town, Tuam. 
 
 KILMOIL Y, or Kilmayly, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Clan- 
 maurice, county of Kerry, and united 
 Dioceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe. 
 Population in 1831, 3255. Post-town, 
 Listowel. 
 
 KILMOLARA, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Kil- 
 maine, county of Mayo, and Diocese 
 of Tuam. Population in 1831, 1350. 
 Post-town, Ballinrobe. 
 
 KILMOLASH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of De- 
 cies-without and Decies-within-Drum, 
 county of Waterford, and Diocese of 
 Lismore. Population in 1831, 1397. 
 Post-town, Lismore. 
 
 KILMOLERAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Upper- 
 third, county of Waterford, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore, on the Suir. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2896. Post-town, Car- 
 rick-on-Suir. 
 
 KILMOLINOGE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Long- 
 ford, county of Galway, and Diocese 
 of Clonfert, on the Shannon. Fost- 
 town, Portumna. 
 
 KILMONEY, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Ker- 
 ricurrihy, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 on the Awinbeg river. Population 
 in 1831, 7161. Post-town, Cork. 
 
 KILMONOGE, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Kennalea, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, on the 
 coast. ^Population in 1831, 1217. Post- 
 town, Kinsale. 
 
 KILMOON, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Burren, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 fenora. Population in 1831, 1088. Post- 
 town, Ennistymon. 
 
 KILMOON, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Duleek, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 825. Post-town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 KILMORE, a Bishop’s See in the 
 Archiepiscopal Province of Armagh, 
 comprising portions of the counties 
 of Fermanagh, Cavan, and Leitrim, 
 and a small part of the county of 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 .Meath. It is estimated to extend 74 
 statute miles in length, by from 13 to 
 25 miles in breadth. The Diocese 
 has a Dean and Archdeacon, hut no 
 Chapter. In 1834 the See of Kilmore 
 included 37 parishes, constituting 38 
 benefices; parish churches, 45; Ro- 
 man Catholic chapels, 76; Dissenters 
 of various kinds, 5. In that year 
 the gross population of the Diocese 
 amounted to 296,305, of whom 46,879 
 were members of the Church of Ire- 
 land, and 240,593 were Roman Catho- 
 lics. The schools were 446, educat- 
 ing 39,623 young persons, and 23 of 
 these schools were in connection with 
 the National Board of Education. 
 Previous to 1484 the Bishops of Kil- 
 more took their title from Triburna, 
 an obscure village in the district an- 
 ciently called Brefne. Florence O’Co- 
 narty, who died in 1231, is the first on 
 the list as Bishop of Triburna or 
 Brefne. In 1484 Bishop Andrew Mac- 
 brady, by the consent ot Pope Nicholas 
 V., erected the parish church of St 
 Felimy of Kilmore into the Cathedral, 
 and placed in it 13 Canons, which was 
 confirmed on the following year by 
 his successor, and the Deanery of 
 Kilmore is supposed to have been 
 constituted at the same time, but the 
 See never appears to have had a Chap- 
 ter or Prebendaries, and the Canons 
 have long ceased to be appointed. 
 John Garvey, Dean of Christ Church, 
 Dublin, was the first Protestant Bishop 
 of this See, which he held from 1585 
 to 1589, when he was translated to the 
 Archbishopric of Armagh, after which 
 the See w r as vacant till 1603. The 
 most celebrated Prelate who filled the 
 See of Kilmore was the truly pious 
 Bishop Bedell, from 1629 to 1641-2, 
 with the See of Ardagh in commendam. 
 He was advanced to these Sees by the 
 influence of Archbishop Laud, then 
 Bishop of London, and by the interest 
 of Sir Thomas Jermyn, and w as con- 
 secrated in St Peter’s church, Drog- 
 heda, when in the 59th year of his 
 age. Bishop Burnet, in his Life of 
 Bedell, says that on going to his Dio- 
 cese he found it under so many dis- 
 565 
 
 orders, that there was scarce a sound 
 part remaining. He resigned Ardagh 
 in 1630. When the Rebellion broke 
 out in October 1641, Bishop Bedell 
 was so popular in his neighbourhood, 
 that he did not at first feel its effects, 
 and his house was the only one in the 
 county of Cavan which remained un- 
 touched, though it, the outbuildings, 
 the church, and churchyard, were fill- 
 ed with people who had fled to him 
 for shelter. In December, however, 
 he was seized by the rebels, who car- 
 ried him, his two sons, and a gen 
 tleman who had married his step- 
 daughter, to the castle of Clough- 
 boughter, and all were put in irons, 
 except the Bishop. Rude and bar- 
 barous though the rebels w r ere, they 
 offered no disturbance to their prison- 
 ers in the performance of divine ser- 
 vice, and they often told the Bishop 
 that they had no quarrel with him, 
 but that the sole cause of his confine- 
 ment was his being an Englishman. 
 After being kept in this manner for 
 about three w r eeks, the Bishop and his 
 family were exchanged for two of the 
 O’Rourkes, and sent to the house of 
 the Rev. Dennis Sheridan, a convert 
 to the Protestant religion. The See 
 lands of the Diocese comprise 28,531 
 acres, producing an annual average 
 income of L.7478. These lands are 
 now, by the act of 1833, vested in the 
 Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the 
 Diocese is annexed by avoidance to 
 that of Elphin. 
 
 KILMORE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Baronies of Clonmahon and 
 Upper Loughtee, county of Cavan, and 
 Diocese of Kilmore. The small vil- 
 lage of its name is four miles from 
 the town of Cavan, and the inhabitants 
 are chiefly engaged in the linen ma 
 nufacture. The Diocesan residence 
 of the Bishops of Kilmore is a modern 
 substantial edifice, about midway be- 
 tween the town of Cavan and the 
 village of Crossdoney. The mensal 
 lands belonging to the Palace are ex- 
 tensive, finely undulating, and con- 
 spicuous for their fertility and su- 
 perior cultivation. The surrounding 
 3 r 
 
kil the gazetteer kil 
 
 district displays pleasing rural «ce- 
 nery. Danesfort, the residence of 
 the Dean of Kilmore, adjoins the epis- 
 copal demesne. The Cathedral, which 
 is also the parish church, is a plain 
 ancient edifice. The grave of Bishop 
 Bedell is still pointed out. As soon 
 as that excellent Prelate had been 
 seized by the rebels, and seat with his 
 family to Cloughboughter Castle as 
 prisoners, Dr Surney, then Roman 
 Catholic Bishop of Kilmore, whose 
 brother had been converted by Bishop 
 Bedell, took possession of the then 
 episcopal residence, and on the follow- 
 ing Sunday said mass in the church. 
 Bishop Bedell died shortly after he 
 was released from confinement on the 
 7th of February 1641-2, his death hav- 
 ing been accelerated by his imprison- 
 ment and grief. He was buried, by 
 his own desire, in the churchyard of 
 Kilmore, close beside his wife’s grave. 
 As the interment could not take place 
 without the permission of the Roman 
 Catholic Bishop, wiio had intruded 
 into the episcopal residence, when ap- 
 plication was made by Bishop Bedell’s 
 friends leave was granted, though 
 they found Dr Surney in a state of 
 gross intoxication, and a sad change 
 in the house. The rebels gathered 
 their forces to pay honours to the 
 funeral, and discharged a volley over 
 the grave, exclaiming in Latin — “ May 
 the last of the English rest in peace.” 
 Edmund Farilly, a priest, is said to 
 have cried out — “ 0 sit anima mea 
 cum Bedello t* The Bishop’s epitaph, 
 as ordered by himself, was simply — 
 “ Depositum Gulielmi quondam Epis- 
 copi Kilmorensis." Population of the 
 parish in 1831, 7161. 
 
 KILMORE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Baronies of O’Neilland and Lower 
 Orior, county and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh, on the Tall water. It con- 
 tains several villages and hamlets, and 
 the inhabitants are chiefly engaged in 
 the linen manufacture. Population 
 in 1831, 14,037. See Richhill. 
 
 KILMORE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Baronies of Castlereagh and 
 Kinelearty. The village of Kilmore 
 566 
 
 is five miles from Ballinahinch, and 
 fairs are held on the 4th of February, 
 14th of March, 1st of May, 3d of June, 
 5th of August, 29th of September, 5th 
 of November, and 16th of December. 
 Population in 1831, 6602. 
 
 KILMORE, a parish in the Barony 
 of Carbery, county and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare, the benefice of w r hich is identi- 
 cal with Carbery parish. Post town, 
 Edenderry. 
 
 KILMORE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Upper Deece, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Population in 
 1831, 1266. Post-tow'n, Summerhill. 
 
 KILMORE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony and county of 
 Monaghan, and Diocese of Clogher. 
 Population in 1831, 5095. Post-town, 
 Monaghan. 
 
 KILMORE, a parish and vicarage, 
 with a village of its name, in the Ba- 
 rony of Ballintobber, county of Ros- 
 common, and Diocese of Elphin. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 5086. Post-towm, 
 Carrick-on-Shannon. 
 
 KILMORE, a parochial chapelry in 
 the Barony of Kilnamanagh, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel, 
 constituting part of the corps of the 
 Archdeaconry. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 KILMORE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Upper Ormond, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. Population in 1831, 4717. 
 Post-town, Nenagh. 
 
 KILMORE, a parish, impropriate 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Bargie, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, on the sea-coast. 
 Population in 1831, 1796. Post-town, 
 Broadway. 
 
 KILMORE-ERRIS, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Erris, coun- 
 ty of Mayo, and Diocese of Killala, on 
 Blacksod Bay. Though in a wild and 
 sequestered district, it is capable of 
 great improvement. It includes the 
 principal part of the peninsula called 
 the Mullet. Three islands are annex- 
 ed to this parish, the inhabitants of 
 which are engaged in fishing. Popu- 
 | lation in 1831, 9159, Post-town, Cross- 
 malina. 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 KILMOREMOY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Tyrawley, 
 county of Mayo, and in the Barony of 
 Tyreragh, county of Sligo, Diocese of 
 Killala, on the Moy, where the river 
 navigation could he vastly improved, 
 which would be of great advantage to 
 the district. Population in 1831, 14,586. 
 See Ardnaree and B allin a. 
 
 KILMOREY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Clanderlaw, coun- 
 ty of Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe, at 
 the mouth of the Shannon, which 
 gives the titles of Earl and Viscount, 
 in the Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble 
 Family of Needham, of ancient Eng- 
 lish descent. Sir Robert Needham, 
 Knight, was created Viscount Kil- 
 morey in 1627. Francis, twelfth Vis- 
 count, was elevated to the dignity of 
 Earl of Kilmoreyand Viscount Newry 
 and Mourne in 1822. The seat of this 
 Noble Family in Ireland is Mourne 
 Park, county of Down. 
 
 KILMORGAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Corran, county 
 of Sligo, and Diocese of Achonry. 
 Population in 1831, 2229. Post-town, 
 Ballymote. 
 
 KILMO VEE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Costello, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Achonry. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 4248. Post-town, 
 Ballaghadireen. 
 
 KILMOYLAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Connello, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick, near the Shannon. Population 
 in 1831, 3326. Post-town, Rathkeale. 
 
 KILMUD, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Castlereagh, county and 
 Diocese of Down. Population in 1831, 
 2219. Post-town, Clumber. 
 
 KILMURRY. See Kilmorey. 
 
 KILMURRY, or Kilmurry-Ibricli- 
 en , a parish and rectory in the Barony 
 of Ibricken, county of Clare, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe, with a village of its 
 name. This parish forms part of the 
 dangerous coast called the Malbay. 
 Population in 1831, 8433. Post-town, 
 Ennis tyra on. 
 
 KILMURRY, a parish and impro- 
 priate rectory in the Barony of West 
 567 
 
 Muskerry, county and Diocese of 
 Cork. The village of its name is 
 about sight miles from Macroom, and 
 several fairs are held. Population in 
 1831, 4147. Post towm, Macroom. 
 
 KILMURRY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, near the Shannon, in the 
 county of the city and Diocese of Li- 
 merick. Population in 1831, 1859. 
 
 KILMURRY, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Iflfa and Offa 
 East, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore. Population in 1831, 
 2220. Post-town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 KILMURRY, near Thomastown, 
 Kilkenny, the birth-place of the Right 
 Hon. Charles Kendal Bushe, in 1841 
 Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. 
 
 KILMURRY-ELY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Clonlisk, King’s County, and Diocese 
 of Killaloe. Population in 1831, 1504. 
 Post-town, Shinrone. 
 
 KILMURRYNEGAUL, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Tullagh, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of Killaloe. Population in 1831, 980. 
 Post-town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 KILNADEEMA, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Loughrea, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of Clon- 
 fert, on Loughrea. Population in 
 1831, 3554. Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILNAGARIFF, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, partly in the Barony of 
 Clanwiliiam, and partly within the 
 county of the city and Diocese of Li- 
 merick. Population in 1831, 2361. 
 Post-town, Castle- Connel. 
 
 KILNAGIITIN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Iraghticonnor, 
 county of Kerry, and annexed Dio- 
 ceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on the 
 Shannon river, including the town 
 and island of Tarbert. Population in 
 1831, 4371. See Tarbert. 
 
 KILN A GLORY, a parish and rec- 
 tory partly in the Barony of Barretts, 
 and partly within the county of the 
 city of Cork, on the Bride river. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1213. Post-town, 
 Cork. 
 
 KILNAGROSS, aparish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of East Carbery, 
 
K1L THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Ross. 
 Population in 1831, 2068. Post-town, 
 Bandon. 
 
 KILNAHUE, or Lamogue, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Gorey, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, one of the parishes constitut- 
 ing the corps of the Deanery of Ferns. 
 Population in 1831, 3363. Post-town, 
 Gorey. 
 
 KILN A MAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Tinnehinch, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Kildare. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2709. Post-town, 
 Balliboy. 
 
 KILN AM ANA, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Boyle, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 Population in 1831, 2815. Post-town, 
 Boyle. 
 
 KILNEMANA, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, on the Awinbana river. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 756. Post-town, 
 Enniscorthy. 
 
 KILNEMANAGH,a Barony of the 
 county of Tipperary, divided into ten 
 parishes. 
 
 KILNAMARTERY, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Mus- 
 kerry West, county of Cork, and Dio- 
 cese of Cloyne, on the Toone river. 
 Population in 1831, 2604. Post-town, 
 Macroom. 
 
 KILNAMONA, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Inchi- 
 quin, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. Population in 1831, 1767. 
 
 KILNANEAVE, or Killinaffe, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Upper Ormond, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Killaloe. 
 Population in 1831, 2136. Post-town, 
 Nenagh. 
 
 KILNATAI.OON, the smallest Ba- 
 rony of the county of Cork, is divided 
 into seven parishes. It is watered by 
 the river Bride, and is altogether an 
 agricultural district. 
 
 KILNE ADY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Knockto- 
 pher, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Post-town, Knocktoplier. 
 
 568 
 
 | KILNEBOY, or Kilnaboy, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Inchiquin, county of Clare, 
 and Diocese of Killaloe. Population 
 in 1831, 3578. Post-town, Ennis. 
 
 KILNERATH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Owney 
 and Arra, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 2749. Post-town, Newport. 
 
 KILNESOOLAGH, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Bunratty, county of Clare, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe, near the Shannon. 
 Population in 1831, 1319. Post-town, 
 Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 KILNOE, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Tullagh, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 3314. Post- 
 town, Killaloe. 
 
 KILPATRICK, a parish and im- 
 propriate rectory in the Baronies of 
 Kerricurrihy and Kinnalea, county 
 and Diocese of Cork, near the coast. 
 Population in 1831, 1142. Post-town, 
 Cork. 
 
 KILPATRICK, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Morgallion, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1211. Post-town, Nob- 
 ber. 
 
 KILPATRICK, a parish and cu- 
 racy in the Barony of Demifore, coun- 
 ty of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 416. Post- 
 town, Castletown- Delvin. 
 
 KILPATRICK, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Shelmalier, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, near the Slaney river. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 852. Post town, Ennis- 
 corthy. 
 
 KILPATRICK, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Kiftie- 
 managh, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 1483. Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 KILPATRICK, or Fews, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Car- 
 bery, county and Diocese of Kildare. 
 Population in 1831, 1023. Post-town, 
 Edenderry. 
 
 KILPEACON, a parish and rec- 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 tory in the several Baronies of Cosh- 
 ma, Pubblebrien, and Small County, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick. That 
 part in the Barony of Coshma is said 
 to be ten miles distant from the por- 
 tions in the other two Baronies. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 947. Post-town, 
 Limerick. 
 
 KILPHELAN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Condons and Clon- 
 gibbons, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne. Post-town, Mitchelstown. 
 
 KILPIPE, a parish and vicarage 
 partly in the Barony of Ballinacor, 
 county of Wicklow', and in the Barony 
 of Gorey, county of Wexford, Diocese 
 of Ferns. Population in 1831, 3377. 
 Post-town, Rathdrum. 
 
 KILQUANE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Bunratty, county of 
 Clare, and Diocese of Limerick. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2028. Post-town, 
 Limerick. 
 
 KILQUANE, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Corkaguiney, 
 county of Kerry, and united Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on the At- 
 lantic. Population in 1831,1982. Post- 
 town, Dingle 
 
 KILRAGIITIS, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bun- 
 ratty, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. Population in 1831, 1866. 
 Post-town, Ennis. 
 
 KILRAGIITIS, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Upper Half of the Barony 
 of Dunluce, county of Antrim, and 
 Diocese of Connor. Population in 
 1831, 1873. Post-town, Ballymoney. 
 
 KILRANE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Forth, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831, 782. Post- 
 town, Taghmon. 
 
 KILRANE LAGH, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Upper Tal- 
 botstown, county of Wicklow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. Population in 
 1831, 1831. Post-town, Baltinglass. 
 
 KILREA, or Kilree, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Kells, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory. 
 Population in 1831,611. Post-town, 
 Knocktopher. 
 
 569 
 
 KILREA, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Loughin- 
 sholin, county of Londonderry, and 
 Diocese of Derry, on the Bann river. 
 The town of Kilrea is 104 Irish miles 
 from Dublin, eight miles from Port- 
 glenone, and upwards of seven miles 
 from Maghera. It forms part of the 
 large and improving estates which be- 
 long to the Mercers’ Company of Lon- 
 don, and is situated near the Bann 
 river. The Mercers’ Company are 
 doing much to renew, as it. were, the 
 town, and it now possesses a Market 
 House, a Hotel, Police Barrack, and 
 Public School. The trade consists in 
 weaving, the sale of agricultural pro- 
 duce, and the conveyance of goods 
 along the Bann. New lines of road 
 are opened, and fairs are held on the 
 second Wednesday of each month. 
 It is the intention of the Mercers* 
 Company to carry on extensive agri- 
 cultural improvements in the sur- 
 rounding large and dreary tract of 
 country as the leases expire. Popu- 
 lation of the town in 1831, 1215; of 
 parish, 4262. 
 
 KILREEN Y, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Carbery, county and 
 Diocese of Kildare. Population in 
 1831, 608. Post-town, Kinnegad. 
 
 KILRICLE, or Kilrickhill, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Baronies of 
 Athenry and Loughrea, county of Gal. 
 way, and Diocese of Clonfert. The 
 small village of Kilricle is seven miles 
 from Aughrim, on the road to Lough- 
 rea ; and close to it are the residence 
 of Dartfield and the ruins of Walis- 
 court. St Patrick is said to have 
 erected a religious house here for his 
 sister St Richella. Large quantities 
 of pike and eels are taken in Lough 
 Scudance. Population in 1831, 2003. 
 Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 K1LROAN, a parish and curacy in 
 the Barony of Courcy, county and 
 Diocese of Cork. Population in 1831, 
 641. Post-towm, Kinsale. 
 
 KILRONAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Boyle, county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Ardagh. 
 It forms the northern corner of the 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 county, between the boundary with 
 Sligo county on the west, and Lough 
 Allen on the east, the surface moun- 
 tainous and picturesque, diversified 
 by small lakes. The little village of 
 Kilronan, near Lough Meelagh, con- 
 sists of straggling houses near the 
 road- side, and several towards the 
 base of the mountains, and the inha- 
 bitants are chiefly connected with the 
 neighbouring coaleries. The greater 
 number of houses are located about 
 the old church, chiefly because it hap- 
 pens to be in the vicinity of a holy well 
 near Lough Meelagh, which, on the 
 pattern , or day of the patron saint, is 
 visited by thousands of both sexes, 
 who pass the day in gaiety, and often 
 conclude it with broken heads, not to 
 speak of scenes of licentiousness. The 
 old church of Kilronan, long in ruins, 
 is between the road and the moun- 
 tain, and has a Saxon door in tolerable 
 preservation on the side next the lake. 
 Every part of the interior is filled 
 with grave-stones, and from the ap- 
 pearance of the adjoining cemetery, 
 the desire for sepulture in Kilronan 
 churchyard must be most intense in 
 the district. Here was interred Ca- 
 rolin, one of the last and most distin- 
 guished of the Irish bards, who died 
 at the seat of Alderford, a few miles 
 distant, in 1741, at a very advanced 
 age. This personage passed his life 
 roaming from house to house among 
 the gentry of Roscommon, by whom 
 he was much caressed and hospitably 
 entertained, though he was a native of 
 the county of Meath. His name is 
 familiar to the inhabitants of the dis- 
 trict, and the spot is pointed out 
 where he was interred, but his bones 
 have long been jostled out of the grave, 
 to make room for similar accommo - 
 dation for other claimants. “ Still,” 
 says Mr Weld, “some respect had 
 been shown to his remains ; they were 
 not absolutely scattered to the winds ; 
 and a skull, supposed to have been 
 the identical one that had been the 
 seat of music and of verse, was placed 
 in a niche within the walls of the old 
 church, where, decorated as a mark 
 570 
 
 of distinction with a black riband, it 
 received in grim and ghastly state for 
 many years the adoration of the gap- 
 ing crowds at the annual patterns . 
 But oh ! most foul of deeds ! the skull 
 was snatched away at last by the dar- 
 ing hand of a monger of curiosities. 
 This was before the times of phreno- 
 logy, so that the theft had not even 
 the pretence of scientific research to 
 palliate it. Whether, however, the 
 cranium had ever actually stood on 
 the shoulders of Carolin seems alto- 
 gether problematical, though the offi- 
 ciating grave-digger swore to its iden- 
 tity of his own special knowledge.” 
 The kindness lavished on this old son 
 of Irish song was very much misplac- 
 ed, and he at last became a confirm- 
 ed drunkard. A day seldom passed 
 without intoxication; he drank whisky 
 without any admixture of water ; and 
 as he had lost the use of his limbs by 
 his intemperance, he passed almost 
 the whole of the latter years of his 
 life in bed. Carolin had a good life 
 rary education, and diligently pur- 
 sued his studies to his eighteenth 
 year, when he lost his eye-sight by the 
 small-pox. “On his death,” says Mr 
 Weld, who collected some traditional 
 notices of him from a person whose 
 father intimately knew him, “ the 
 most splendid wake was held which 
 had ever been remembered in the 
 country. Ten harpers attended duy 
 and night, who afterwards followed 
 in the funeral procession, and per- 
 formed a dirge over his grave. All 
 the carriages of the country were as- 
 sembled on the occasion, and ladies of 
 distinction were emulous in their 
 efforts to do honour to his remains.” 
 Population in 1831, 6940. 
 
 KILRONAN, a parish, impropriate 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Glanehiry, county of Waterford, 
 and Diocese of Lismore. Population 
 in 1831, 3843. Post-town, Clonmel. 
 
 KILROOT, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Lower Belfast, county 
 of Antrim, and Diocese of Connor, on 
 the sea-coast. Population in 1831, 
 536. Post-town, Carrickfergus. 
 
KIL OF IRELAND. KIL 
 
 KILROSS, or Kilrass, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Tiragh- 
 ril, county of Sligo, and Diocese of 
 Elphin. Population in 1831, 1669. 
 Post-town, Colooney. 
 
 KILROSSANTY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Decies- 
 without-Drum, county of Waterford, 
 and Diocese of Lismore. Population 
 in 1831, 2411. Post-town, Kilmac- 
 thorpas. 
 
 KILRUSH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Moyfer- 
 tagh, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. The town of Kilrcsh, 132 
 Irish miles from Dublin, and 20 miles 
 from Ennis ; and 139 Irish miles from 
 Dublin by Kildysart and Knock, 
 stands on a small creek or inlet of the 
 Shannon, into which steamers and 
 other vessels can run. It is a thriv- 
 ing sea-port, the trade consisting of 
 the exportation of grain, pigs, butter, 
 provisions, flag-stones, and slates. 
 There is a commodious quay, large 
 corn stores are erected, and the streets, 
 which are wide, contain numbers of 
 good houses. In 1835 the exports 
 from Kilrush amounted to L. 36,158; 
 imports, L.2768. Here are a Union 
 Workhouse, under the Irish Poor Law 
 Bill, and a District Bridewell. Petty 
 Sessions are statedly held, at some of 
 which the most amusing and ludi- 
 crous scenes often occur between the 
 pursuers and defenders, and at the 
 examination of witnesses. There is 
 a regular steam communication be- 
 tween Kilrush and Limerick, and the 
 improvements in the navigation of the 
 Shannon will greatly benefit this thriv- 
 ing town. The estimated sum of 
 L.8600 is stated in the Second Report 
 of the Commissioners to be expended 
 at Kilrush Pier. They propose to 
 lengthen this pier 150 feet, but in a 
 different direction, for the purpose of 
 giving the prolongation the most fa 
 vourable position, “as well for the 
 present object, as for such further ex- 
 tension as may hereafter be required.” 
 Near the Pier are the Boat House and 
 Coast Guard Station ; and adjoining is 
 the fine demesne of Crofton Moore 
 571 
 
 Vandeleur, Esq., the proprietor of the 
 town. On the heights, a short dis- 
 tance west, is the residence of Mount 
 Pleasant. 
 
 The creek of Kilrush can only be 
 entered at high tide, and the incon- 
 venience of having the port only then 
 accessible caused the erection of the 
 Pier outside the creek, under cover of 
 Hog Island, which the Commissioners 
 in their Report propose to extend, 
 Scattery Island is also opposite Kil- 
 rush, and its lee is the first good an- 
 chorage from the westerly gales near 
 the mouth of the Shannon ; but the 
 roadstead cannot be reckoned secure 
 to screen shipping from the westerly 
 winds till the Pier is carried forward 
 towards Hog Island. “I W'ill here 
 observe,” says Captain Mudge, in his 
 Report, 1831-2, “ that this part of the 
 Shannon is exposed to the whole 
 ocean swell ; the sea, which sets in 
 such a continuance of southerly or 
 westerly winds, baffles all description, 
 especially when accompanied by the 
 rollers — a periodical visitation.” East- 
 ward from Kilrush the Shannon be- 
 gins to contract. Lucrative fishing 
 establishments could be formed along 
 the coast from Kilrush to the Bay of 
 Galway. A tract of bog, containing 
 24,000 English acres, extends from 
 the Shannon at the town, to Moore 
 Bay and Dunbeg on the Atlantic, 
 supplying abundance of fuel, large 
 quantities of which are annually ex- 
 ported to Limerick. It was once 
 proposed to cut a canal through this 
 bog, and the expense of reclaiming it 
 has been estimated at L.31,728. Near 
 Kilrush is the creek of Poolnasherry, 
 much frequented by boats, w hich con- 
 vey the turf from the adjacent bogs 
 to Limerick. 
 
 The weekly markets of Kilrush are 
 well attended, and in the towm is a 
 Branch of the Limerick National 
 Bank. Altogether this is one of the 
 most thriving places in Clare, and is 
 next to Ennis in trade and import- 
 ance. Population in 1831, 3996 ; of the 
 parish, 9732. See Scattery. 
 
 KILRUSH, a parochial chapelry 
 
KIL THE GAZETTEER KIL 
 
 in the Barony of Balrothery, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. Post- 
 town, Balbriggan. 
 
 KILRUSH, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of West Ophaly, 
 county and Diocese of Kildare. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 704. Post-town, Kil- 
 cullen. 
 
 KILRUSH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Crannagh, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. Population in 1831, 754. 
 Post-town, Freshford. 
 
 KILRUSH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Decies- 
 without-Drum, county of Waterford, 
 and Diocese of Lismore, forming a 
 part of the corps of the Archdeaconry. 
 Population in 1831, 724. Fost-town, 
 Dungarvan. 
 
 KILRUSH, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Scare walsh, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2731. Post-town, 
 Clonegal. 
 
 KIL-ST LAWRENCE, a parish 
 and entire rectory in the Barony of 
 Gualtier, county and Diocese of Wa- 
 terford. Population in 1831, 277. Post- 
 town, Waterford. 
 
 KIL-ST NICHOLAS, a parish and 
 entire rectory, partly in the Barony 
 of Gualtier, and in the county of the 
 city and Diocese of Waterford, on the 
 Barbour. 
 
 KILSCANLAN, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Bantry, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns. Population in 1831, 
 333. Post-town, Ross. 
 
 KILSCANNEL, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Con- 
 nello, county and Diocese of Limerick, 
 constituting part of the corps of the 
 Chancellorship of that Diocese. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1031. Post-town, 
 Rathkeale. 
 
 KILSCOR AN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Forth, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, one 
 of the seven parishes which constitute 
 the corps of the Chancellorship of 
 that Diocese. Population in 1831, 626. 
 Post town, Broadway. 
 
 572 
 
 KILSEILY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Tullagh, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe. Population in 1831, 4227. Post- 
 town, Killaloe. 
 
 KILSHALVY, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Corran, county 
 of Sligo, and Diocese of Achonry. 
 Population in 1831, 2034. Post-town, 
 Boyle. 
 
 KILSHANNICK, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Du- 
 hallow, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, on the Blackwater. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 8057. Post-town, Mal- 
 low. 
 
 KILSHANNY, a parish and impro- 
 priate rectory in the Barony of Cor- 
 comroe, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of Kilfenora. Population in 1831, 
 2013. Post-town, Ennistymon. 
 
 KILSHARVAN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Duleek, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Meath, on the Nanny 
 Water. Population in 1831, 488. Post- 
 town, Drogheda. 
 
 KILSHILAN, a parish, impropriate 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Iffa and Offa, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Lismore, near the Suir 
 river. Population in 1831, 1531. Post- 
 town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 KILSIIINANE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Clanmaurice, 
 county of Kerry, and annexed Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Ag'hadoe. Population 
 in 1831, 1668. Post-town, Listowell. 
 
 KILSHINE, or Kilsawney, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Morgallion, county and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 655. Post- 
 town, Navan. 
 
 KIL SILL AH, a parish and rectory 
 in the Baronies of Ibawne and Barry- 
 roe, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Ross, on St George’s Channel. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 166. Post-town, 
 Cloghnakilty. 
 
 KIL SKERRY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, forming the corps of a pre- 
 bend, in the Barony of Omagh, coun- 
 ty of Tyrone, and Diocese of Clogher. 
 Population in 1831, 8790. Post-town, 
 Enniskillen. 
 
KIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 KIL 
 
 KILSKYRE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Kells, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 4537. Post-town, Athboy. 
 
 KILSOLAGHAN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Castleknock, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 Post-town, Swords. 
 
 KILSORRAN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Ardee, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 on Dundalk Bay. Population in 1831, 
 3254. Post-town, Castle-Bellingham. 
 
 KILTALE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, iu the Barony of Lower 
 Deece, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 405. Post-town, 
 Derrypark. 
 
 KILTALLAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Trug- 
 hanackmy, county of Kerry, and unit- 
 ed Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe. 
 Population in 1831, 1727. Post-town, 
 Mill town. 
 
 KILTARTAN, a Barony of the 
 county of Galway, divided into 14 pa- 
 rishes. It is bounded on the east by 
 Loughrea Barony, on the south by the 
 county of Clare, on the west by Gal- 
 way Bay, and on the north by the 
 Barony of Dunkellin. 
 
 KILTARTAN, a parish, vicarage, 
 and village, in the Barony of its name, 
 a part of the corps constituting the 
 ' Deanery of Kilmacduagh Diocese. 
 Population in 1831, 2930. Post-town, 
 Gort. 
 
 KILTEAL, a parish, vicarage, and 
 village, in the Barony of Maryborough, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of Leigh- 
 lin. Population in 1831, 1116. Post- 
 town, Stradbally. 
 
 KILTEEL, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the several Baronies of Clan- 
 william, Coonagh, and Small County, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly, constituting a part of the corps 
 of the Precentorship of that Diocese. 
 The village of Kilteel is about eight 
 miles from the post-town of Six-Mile- 
 Bridge. 
 
 KILTEELY, a small village about 
 six miles from Nevvtownbarry, on the 
 cross road from Enniscorthy to Borris 
 573 
 
 by the Scollagh Gap, which much re- 
 sembles a mountain valley. 
 
 KILTEEVOGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony and Dio- 
 cese of Raphoe, county of Donegal, 
 on the Finn river, constituting part 
 of the corps of the Deanery of Raphoe. 
 Population in 1831, 4365. Post-town, 
 Stranorlas. 
 
 KILTENNELL, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Idrone, county 
 of Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin, 
 united to the vicarage of Clongoose. 
 Population in 1831, 3206. Post-town, 
 Graigue. 
 
 KILTENNELL, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Ballaglikeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831, 1389. Post- 
 town, Gorey. 
 
 KILTERAGHT, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Cor- 
 comroe, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of Kilfenora. Population in 1831, 
 1145. Post-town, Ennistymon. 
 
 KILTERNAN, a parochial curacy 
 in the Half Barony of Rathdown, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The village of Kilternan is about a 
 mile from the old castle, ruined church, 
 and village of Kilgobbin, on one of the 
 routes from Dublin to Glendalough 
 by Enniskerry. Near the village is 
 the seat of Kilternan House. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 913. Post-town, Bray. 
 
 KILTESKIL, a parish and vicar- 
 age, forming the corps of a prebend, 
 in the Baronies of Leitrim and Lough- 
 rea, county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Clonfert. Population in 1831, 900. 
 Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 KILTEVAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ballintobber, county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 Population in 1831, 3244. Post-town, 
 Castlerea. 
 
 KILTHOMAS, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Loughrea and 
 Kiltartan, county of Galway, and Dio-, 
 cese of Kilmacduagh. Population in 
 1831, 3066. Post-towm, Gort. 
 
 KILTIGAN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Iffa and 
 Offa, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 KIL 
 
 KIL 
 
 cese of Lismore. Population in 1831, 
 190. Post-town, Clonmel. 
 
 KILTINAN, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Middlethird, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Population in 1831, 1216. 
 Post-town, Fethard. 
 
 KILTOGHART, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony and coun- 
 ty of ^eitrira, and Diocese of Ardagh. 
 This parish is very extensive, and 
 contains a number of villages. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 16,434. Post-town, 
 Carrick-on-Shannon. 
 
 KILTOMB, or Milltown-Pass, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Athlone, county of Roscommon, and 
 Diocese of Elphin, containing several 
 villages, the largest of which is Cur- 
 naseer. Population in 1831, 4514. 
 Post-town, Athlone. 
 
 KILTOOMY, also Kiltorney and 
 Kiltomer , a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Clanmaurice, county of 
 Kerry, and united Diocese of Ardfert 
 and Aghadoe. Population in 1831, 
 1728. Post-town, Listowell. 
 
 KILTORA, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Corran, county of 
 Sligo, and in the Barony of Costello, 
 county of Mayo, Diocese of Achonry. 
 Population in 1831, 2481. Post-town, 
 Bally mote. 
 
 KILTOllKIN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Knockto- 
 pher, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Population in 1831, 176. 
 Post-town, Knocktopher. 
 
 KILTORMER, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Longford, coun- 
 ty of Galway, and Diocese of Clon- 
 fert. Population in 1831, 2133. Post- 
 town, Eyrecourt. 
 
 KILTRISK, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Gorey, county of Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns, on the 
 Awin-Barra stream. Population in 
 1831, 690. Post-town, Gorey. 
 
 KILTRUST AN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony and county of Ros- 
 common, and Diocese of Elphin. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3543. Post-town, 
 Strokestown. 
 
 KILTUBRID, a parish, rectory and 
 574 
 
 vicarage, in the Barony and county of 
 Leitrim, and Diocese of Clonfert. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 6508. Post-town, 
 Ballinamore. 
 
 KILTULLAGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Athenry and 
 Kilconnell, county of Galway, and Dio- 
 cese of Clonfert. Population in 1831, 
 3069. Post-town, Athenry. 
 
 KILTULLAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ballin- 
 tobber, county of Roscommon, and 
 Diocese of Tuam. Population in 1 831, 
 7106. Post-town, Castlerea. 
 
 KILTURK, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Bargie, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, on the coast. Population in 
 1881, 817. Post-town, Broadway. 
 
 KILTYMON, aromantic glen, about 
 two miles from the village of Newtown- 
 Mount-Kennedy, on the route from 
 Dublin to Wexford through Bray. 
 
 KILVARNET, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Leney, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of Achon- 
 ry, on the mountain road between 
 Sligo and Ballina. Here are the seats 
 of Temple House and Annaghmore. 
 Population in 1831, 2360. 
 
 KILVEMNON, a parish, rectory 
 • and vicarage, in the Barony of Sliev- 
 ardagh, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 4530. 
 
 KIL VINE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Clanmorris, 
 oounty of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam. 
 Population in 1831, 1925. 
 
 KILVONEY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony’of Owney and 
 Arra, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, containing the post- 
 town of Newport. See Newport. 
 
 KILWATERMOY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Coshbride, county of Waterford, and 
 Diocese of Lismore, in a mountainous 
 district. Population in 1831, 2527. 
 
 KILWAUGHTER, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Upper Glen- 
 arm, county of Antrim, and Diocese 
 of Connor. Population in 1831, 2016. 
 
 KILWEILAGH, or Killoulagh, a 
 
KIN OF IRELAND. KIN 
 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Delvin, county of 'West- 
 meath, and Diocese of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1313. 
 
 KIL WORTH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Condons and 
 Clongibbons, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne. The small town 
 of Kilworth, 20 miles from Cork on 
 the Dublin road, is situated on the 
 Funcheon river, which is here crossed 
 by a neat bridge of six arches, about 
 a mile above its confluence with the 
 Blackwater. It consists chiefly of one 
 long street, in which are several good 
 houses. The Market-House is a neat 
 building near the parish church. The 
 Maryville flour-mills are extensive, 
 and several others are in the vicinity. 
 Moore Park, the seat of the Earl of 
 Moimtcashel, to whom the town gives 
 the title of Baron, within the grounds 
 of which is the old fortaliceof Clogh- 
 lea Castle, and Maryville, Woodview, 
 and Rushmount, ornament the neigh- 
 bourhood. Population of the town in j 
 1831, 1963; of the parish, 3038. 
 
 KINALMEAKY, a Barony of the 1 
 county of Cork, divided into seven 1 
 parishes, and including the market 
 and parliamentary borough of Ban- j 
 don. It is a fertile agricultural dis- j 
 trict 
 
 KINAWLEY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Tullag- 
 hagh, Glenawley, and Knockinny, 
 county of Cavan, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more, containing numerous villages. 
 Population in 1831, 16,077. Post-town, 
 Florence-Court. 
 
 KINEAGH, a parisn and vicarage 
 in the Baronies of Kilkea and Moone, 
 county of Kildare, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin. Population in 1831, 1441. 
 Post-town, Castledermot. 
 
 KJNELEARTY, a Barony of the 
 county of Down, divided into six pa- 
 rishes. See Dowx. 
 
 KINGSALE. See Kixsale. 
 
 KING’S COUNTY, an inland coun- 
 ty of the Province of Leinster, bound- 
 ed on the east by the county of Kil- 
 dare, on the south by Queen’s County 
 and the county of Tipperary, and on 
 575 
 
 the west by the Shannon, which sepa- 
 rates it from Galway and Roscom- 
 mon. The length from near Eden- 
 derry on the east to the Shannon at 
 Shannon Bridge is 41 statute miles, 
 and from near Moneygale on the south 
 to the vicinity of Clara on the north 
 the breadth is 39£ statute miles. The 
 county is estimated to comprise 825 
 English square miles, or 528,166 sta- 
 tute acres, of which 394,569 are culti- 
 vated, 133,349 are unimproved moun- 
 tain and bog, and 248 are under water. 
 The Baronies are, 1. Warrenstown, on 
 the north-east; 2. Coolestown, on the 
 east; 3. Lower Philipstown, on the 
 north; 4. Upper Philipstown ; 5. G$as- 
 1 hill in the centre ; 6. Kilcoursey, on 
 the north-west; 7. Ballycowen, west 
 of Geashill ; 8. Ballyboy, south of Bal- 
 lycowen ; 9. Garrycastle, on the west ; 
 10. Eglish, south of Garrycastle; 11 
 Bally brit, south of Eglish ; 12. Cion 
 1 lisk, on the south-west. The county 
 is ecclesiastically included in the Dio- 
 ceses of Meath, Kildare, Killaloe, Clon- 
 | fert, and Ossory. The Grand Canal 
 enters the county near Edenderry. 
 and is carried through it nearly east 
 and west to Shannon Harbour. 
 
 The outline of King’s County is 
 , very irregular, extending east aud 
 west from the boundary with Kildare 
 to the Shannon, and southward be- 
 tween that river and the Siieve Bloom 
 i range of mountains. From the north- 
 ern extremity of this range by Geas- 
 hill is a succession of low limestone 
 hills, which divide the northern part 
 of the county into districts of unequal 
 area, the one, the waters of which enter 
 the Barrow, be ng half the extent of 
 the other district, which is drained by 
 the Shannon. None of the elevations 
 in this quarter are of great height, the 
 conical hill of Croghan, which is the 
 highest, being little more than 500 
 feet. From this hill on the north 
 and east the ground slopes towards 
 the Boyne, and is traversed by the 
 Yellow River, which issues from the 
 small lake called Lough Rusnel. This 
 portion is fertile and well cultivated- 
 The district between the heights of ' 
 
KIN THE GAZETTEER KIN 
 
 Geashill and the boundary with Kil- 
 dare, south from the Grand Canal, 
 extending upwards of twelve miles 
 every way, is for the most part peat 
 bog, and is a continuation of the great 
 Bog of Allen. The Philipstown and 
 Cusina streams divide this tract into 
 two principal valleys, the former hav- 
 ing a very serpentina course between 
 undulating banks, generally arable for- 
 about half a mile on each side, from 
 its source on the east of the peat bog 
 of Ballycommon, a tract which occu- 
 pies the summit level of the central 
 northern district of the county, and 
 the highest part of which is said to be 
 *286*feet above the level of the sea. 
 This bog and the detached bogs of 
 Down, Esker, and Cloncrane, which 
 extend between the Philipstown river 
 and the Grand Canal, cover an area of 
 at least 9500 acres. The bogs of Bal- 
 lykeane, Clonsast, and Mount Lucas, 
 between the Philipstown and Cusina 
 rivers, and south of the former, are 
 estimated to cover 16,592 acres ; and 
 the bog of Portarlington extends over : 
 a tract of 4916 acres, between the Cu- 
 sina and the Barrow. The average 
 expense of draining all the bogs in 
 this quarter of the heights of Geashill 
 is stated to be L. 50, 000. The valley 
 of the Barrow in the King’s County 
 is finely cultivated, and ornamented 
 by various demesues. Some miles 
 above the debouch of the Little Bar- 
 row into the Barrow (see Barrow) i&, 
 the town of Portarlington, but situ- 
 ated chiefly in Queen’s County. Agri- 
 culture is in a wretched state in the 
 neighbourhood of the town of Geas- 
 hill, north- west of Portarlington, near 
 the head of the Cusina river. Phi- 
 lipstown, formerly Dangin, and once 
 the assize town of the county, is sur- 
 rounded by the Bog of Ballycommon 
 already mentioned, the waters issuing 
 from the eastern and western borders 
 of which run to the Barrow and the 
 Shannon. 
 
 The surface slopes to the valley of 
 the Brosna west from the Geashill 
 range, and the line of the Grand Ca- 
 nal is nearly parallel to the course of 
 576 
 
 that river after its junction with the 
 Clodagh. In this quarter is the now 
 assize town of Tullamore (see Tulla- 
 more), the bogs on the western side 
 of which, and extending along the 
 southern side of the Grand Canal, 
 cover 11,588 acres. These bogs com- 
 prise three principal tracts, separated 
 by low limestone gravel hills, and are 
 bounded on the south by the Hill of 
 Clodagh, which divides the bogs im- 
 mediately bordering on the Canal, 
 from the extensive tract stretching 
 between the southern declivity and 
 the Slieve Bloom range, consisting of 
 five principal fields, in all of 23,896 
 acres, the drainage affording the chief 
 supply of the Frankford, or Silver 
 River, which rises on the north-west- 
 ern declivity of Slieve Bloom, near 
 the small town of Kinnity. The val- 
 ley of the Brosna is the best cultivat- 
 ed part of this district of the county, 
 and is generally free from bog. The 
 tract between that river and the coun- 
 ty of Westmeath is almost entirely 
 bog, of greatest extent towards the 
 Shannon, and occupying 17,800 acres 
 along its banks. The Blackwater 
 drains this district, and gives its name 
 to the principal bog tract, covering 
 upwards of 12,100 acres. The other 
 fields of bog of this district comprise 
 11,055 acres. The Bog of Kilmaleady, 
 the most eastern of the four tracts in 
 the district, is called the Moving Bog ; 
 and in 1821 it actually peregrinated a 
 mile and a half down into an adjoin- 
 ing valley. That part of the county 
 included between the western decli- 
 vities of the Slieve Bloom Mountains, 
 the county of Tipperary, and the 
 Shannon, has a general slope towards 
 the Little Brosna River, which is the 
 boundary with Tipperary. This divi- 
 sion, with the exception of the tract 
 immediately bordering on the Shan- 
 non, has comparatively little rough 
 land or morass ; but the portion which 
 slopes immediately to the Shannon, 
 north of the junction of the Little 
 Brosna with that river, is bleak and 
 moory, comprising a large tract of the 
 bogs extending south of Cloghan Hill. 
 
KIN OF IRELAND. KIN 
 
 It will thus be seen from the above 
 sketch, that bogs occupy a very great 
 extent of King’s County. The peat 
 is most retentive of water, and nu- 
 merous pools are within short dis- 
 tances of each other at different levels. 
 The cabins of the peasantry in these 
 boggy districts are of the most wretch- 
 ed description; but the condition of 
 the working classes in the northern 
 and central divisions of the county 
 are described as somewhat better than 
 in most of the neighbouring parts, 
 and there are numbers of comfortable 
 farmers. The English language is 
 universally spoken, and the people 
 are generally decent and industrious. 
 Good crops are raised in the arable 
 districts, by manuring with the lime 
 and bog stuff, which is obtained in 
 abundance. The chief grazing dis- 
 tricts are on the borders of West- 
 meath, and the best ground in the 
 county is said to be in the north-west 
 division, extending to the boundary 
 with Meath, from Croghan Hill — a 
 hill almost all under cultivation, and 
 yielding excellent white and green 
 crops without manure. The useful 
 minerals, as far as the geology of the 
 county was known up to 1841, appear 
 to be limited. The manufactures are 
 unimportant ; that of linen having de- 
 clined ; and those of friezes, stuffs, and 
 serges, being for home use. 
 
 King’s County was constituted a 
 county in the reign of Mary, but it 
 was partially included in the other 
 shires at a much earlier period. Be- 
 fore the reign of Mary this county 
 was generally designated Western 
 Glenmalery, to distinguish it from 
 Eastern Glenmalery, now Queen’s 
 County. It received its name of 
 King’s County in compliment to Ma- 
 ry’s husband, Philip of Spain, after 
 whom the village of Philipstown is 
 designated. It also includes a part 
 of the ancient district of Ophaly. In 
 1600 the Lord-Deputy Mountjoy and 
 Sir Oliver Lambert succeeded in re- 
 ducing the native chieftains, after a 
 melancholy destruction of life and 
 property. The county had its own 
 577 
 
 share of military operations, caused 
 by the Rebellion of 1641 ; and the for- 
 feitures consequent on that disaster 
 and the war of the Revolution were 
 very extensive. On the latter occa- 
 sion 30,459 acres of profitable land, 
 valued at the time at L. 89,321, were 
 confiscated. The antiquities are chief- 
 ly the ruins of religious houses, and of 
 feudal castles which, with few excep- 
 tions, were of the reign of Elizabeth. 
 
 The county expenses are defrayed 
 by Grand Jury Presentments, and 
 some idea may be formed of the sum 
 levied from that of 1 835, which amount- 
 ed to L. 2 1,061, for public works, roads, 
 buildings, churches, police and admi- 
 nistration ofjustice,and other objects. 
 The assizes are held at Tullamore, 
 since 1833 the county town. Here is 
 the County Infirmary, but the District 
 Lunatic Asylum for King’s County is 
 at Maryborough in Queen’s County. 
 Two members are returned to the 
 Imperial Parliament ; constituency in 
 1840-1, 1449. Population in 1831, 
 144,225. 
 
 KINGSCOURT, a post and market 
 towm in the parish of Enniskeen, 
 county of Cavan, upwards of 37 Irish 
 miles from Dublin, and 15 miles from 
 Navan by Nobber. It consists chiefly 
 of a long straggling street, in which 
 are the neat parish church, the Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel, the Market- 
 House, and the Inn. The Presbyterian 
 meeting-house is about two miles dis- 
 tant. There are several well-built 
 and respectable houses in this plea- 
 sant little town, and it is a kind of 
 summer resort of persons who wish 
 to enj oy the waters of the Healing Lake, 
 which is about three miles from the 
 place. The weekly markets for the 
 sale of agricultural produce are well 
 attended, and fairs are held on the 
 23d of May, 18th of June, 1st of Au- 
 gust, 19th of October, 8th of Novem- 
 ber, and 4th of December. Adjoin- 
 ing is the beautiful residence of Cabra 
 Castle, in a most extensive and finely 
 wooded demesne, in the centre of 
 which is the romantic Glen of Cabra. 
 Population in 1831, 1616. 
 
 3 c 
 
KIN THE GAZETTEER KIN 
 
 KINGSTON, the title of an Earldom 
 in the Peerage of Ireland enjoyed by 
 the Noble Family of King, descended 
 from Sir John King, Knight, a gen- 
 tleman of Yorkshire extraction, who 
 was rewarded for his military services 
 with a lease of the Abbey of Boyle 
 in Roscommon, by Queen Elizabeth, 
 and who received numerous valuable 
 grants of land from James I. His 
 grandson, Sir John King, was created 
 Baron Kingston, in the Irish Peer- 
 age, by Charles II., in 1660, which be- 
 came extinct in the person of James 
 fourth Lord, in 1761. Robert King, 
 Esq., another grandson of the first 
 Sir John King, was created a Baronet 
 in 1682, and his grandson, the fourth 
 Baronet, was elevated to the Peerage 
 by the title of Baron Kingsborough 
 in 1748. His Lordship died unmar- 
 ried in 1755, when that title also be- 
 came extinct, but the Baronetcy de- 
 volved upon his brother, who was 
 created Baron Kingston in 1764, Vis- 
 count Kingsborough in 1766, and Earl 
 of Kingston in 1768. George, third 
 Earl, was created Baron Kingston in 
 the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 
 in 1821 . His brother, a distinguished 
 military officer, was created Baron 
 Erris in 1800, and Viscount Lorton 
 in 1806. The family seat of the Earl 
 of Kingston is Mitchelstown Castle, 
 county of Cork. 
 
 KINGST O WN, formerly D unle ary^ 
 is the most important of the suburban 
 towns, five miles from Dublin by the 
 road, and five and a half miles by the 
 Railway. It obtained its present 
 name of Kingstown in honour of the 
 visit of George IV., who landed here 
 in 1821. The town or sea-port con- 
 sists of Upper and Lower or Old Dun- 
 leary and Kingstown, and comprises 
 regular and irregular streets, elegant 
 seats and villas, hotels, a neat parish 
 church, handsome Roman Catholic 
 chapel, and several meeting-houses. 
 Kingstown previous to 1816 was a 
 poor village, but in that year the Asy- 
 lum Harbour was commenced, which, 
 in 1838, had cost L. 600,000, and the 
 additional sum of L. 200, 000 was then 
 573 
 
 calculated to be required to finish it. 
 The Obelisk, surmounted by a crown, 
 commemorative of the landing and 
 departure of George IV., is near the 
 Harbour, on the summit of a rude 
 mass of granite rock. The fronts of 
 the pyramidal shaft are decorated with 
 sunk pannels, and the whole Obelisk 
 rests on four large balls, the granite 
 on which it stands surrounded by an 
 elegant oval-formed iron rail. The 
 inscription records that his Majesty 
 in person graciously named this Asy- 
 lum Harbour the Royal Harbour of 
 George the Fourth, Earl Talbot Lord- 
 Lieutenant, and that it was erected in 
 1823, during the Lieutenancy of the 
 Marquis Wellesley, whose name is on 
 one of the pannels; while on the 
 others are those of the Harbour Com- 
 missioners, and of John Rennie, Esq., 
 engineer of the works ; also the inti- 
 mation that the first stone of the East 
 Pier was laid by Lord Whitworth, 
 Lord-Lieutenant, on the 31st of May 
 1817. The insecurity of the Bay of 
 Dublin, and the failure of the works 
 at Howth (see Howth), led to the 
 erection of this splendid Asylum Har- 
 bour, on the site of the old harbour 
 of Dunleary, the small pier of which 
 is included within the present works, 
 and with its former tide-harbour is 
 now crossed by the Dublin and Kings- 
 town Railway. The new harbour is 
 entirely artificial, and has a depth of 
 24 feet at the pier head at the lowest 
 spring tides. The Dublin and Kings- 
 town Railway, the property of a Com- 
 pany incorporated by 1 and 2 William 
 IV., with a capital stock of L. 200, 000, 
 extends from Westland Row in Dub- 
 lin to the jetty opposite the main 
 street of Kingstown, called the Forty 
 Foot Road (see Railway). The vi- 
 cinity of Kingstown is every where in- 
 teresting (see Dalkey and Killiney), 
 and it is a favourite resort of the 
 citizens of Dublin (see Dublin). 
 
 KING’S RIVER, a tributary of the 
 Liffey, in the county of Wicklow, in 
 the vicinity of Blessington. 
 
 KING WILLIAM’S TOWN, a small 
 village in the county of Cork, on the 
 
KIN OF IRELAND. KIN 
 
 % 
 
 crown lands of Pobble-O’Keefe, the 
 road to which is up the valley of the 
 Blackwater. 
 
 KINLOUGH, a small village in the 
 county of Leitrim about two miles 
 from Bundoran, on the road leading 
 to Manor-Hamilton through Glenade. 
 Near it is the residence of Kinlough, 
 the grounds of which stretch along 
 the head of Lough Melvin, and up the 
 beautiful hill of Dartree. 
 
 KINNAIL (LOUGH), an expansion 
 of the Inny river. See Im»Y. 
 
 KINNALEA, and KINNALMEA- 
 KY, Baronies in the south of the coun- 
 ty of Cork. 
 
 KINNARD, a Barony, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Corkaguiney, 
 county of Kerry, and united Dioceses 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on Dingle 
 Bay. Population in 1831, 1261. Post- 
 town, Dingle. 
 
 KINNEGAD, a parish and perpe- 
 tual curacy in the Barony of Farbill, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. The small post-town of Kinxe- 
 gad, 30 Irish miles from Dublin by Lu- 
 can, Leixlip, Maynooth, Kilcock, En- 
 field, and Clonard, chiefly consists of 
 one street. The fair is well attended, 
 and the dairy produce is in some re- 
 pute. The town forms a kind of ter- 
 mination to the great Connaught line 
 of road, which here branches, the one 
 road leading to the principal towns in 
 Westmeath, Longford, Roscommon, 
 Leitrim, and Sligo ; the others by 
 Rochfort Bridge, Tyrrell’s Pass, Kil- 
 beggan, Athlone, Ballinasloe, Lough- 
 rea, and Oranmore, to Galway. This 
 is probably one of the causes of Kin- 
 negad swarming with beggars, who 
 crowd round the arrival of a stage 
 coach, and assail the passengers with 
 the most original and complimentary 
 importunities. The Bog of Allen ex- 
 tends close to the town. Population 
 of town in 1831, 670; of parish, 2812. 
 
 KINNEIGH, also written Kineigh , 
 Kenneigh, and Kineth, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 East Carbery, county and Diocese of 
 Cork. Here is a curious tower, which 
 claims the antiquity of the beginning 
 579 
 
 of the eleventh century. Population 
 in 1831, 5708. Post-town, Fandon. 
 
 KINNETTY, a parish, half rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bally- 
 but, King’s County, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. The neat village of Kin- 
 netty is upwards of 56 Irish miles from 
 Dublin, on the route to Birr or Par- 
 sonstown, by Monastereven, Portar- 
 lington, Mountmellick, and Clonaslie, 
 and six miles from Birr. The neigh- 
 bourhood is naturally beautiful and 
 much improved, and greatly orna- 
 mented by the plantations of the fine 
 demesne of Castle Bernard in the vi- 
 cinity. Population in 1831, 2567. 
 
 KINNURE, a parish and impropri- 
 ate rectory in the Barony of Kinna 
 lea, county and Diocese of Cork, on 
 the coast. A headland here is known 
 as Kinnure Point. Population in 
 1831, 1095. Post-town, Kinsale. 
 
 KINS ALE, a small Barony of the 
 county of Cork. Either the Barony 
 or the town of Kinsale gives the title 
 of Baron, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the ancient and Noble Family of De 
 Courcey, Premier Barons of Ireland 
 descended from the celebrated John 
 De Courcey, Earl of Ulster, from 
 whom they derive the privilege , if it 
 may be so called, of remaining covered 
 in the presence of the Sovereign. This 
 Noble Family, whose patrimonial pos- 
 sessions are now considerably curtail- 
 ed, claim alliance with most of the 
 Royal Houses of Europe paternally 
 through the Dukes of Lorraine, and 
 maternally through those of Norman- 
 dy. Louis IV., King of France, mar- 
 ried the daughter of Henry I., Empe- 
 ror of Germany, by whom he had 
 two sons ; and the younger, Charles 
 Duke of Lorraine, was the immedi- 
 ate ancestor of Robert De Courcey, 
 Lord of Courcey in Normandy. His 
 eldest son, Richard, accompanied his 
 relative, William the Conqueror, to 
 England, and distinguished himself at 
 the Battle of Hastings, for which he 
 was rewarded with several Lordships, 
 among which was that of Stoke in the 
 county of Somersetshire, called Stoke- 
 Courcey. Sir John De Courcey, the 
 
KIN THE GAZETTEER KIN 
 
 fourth in lineal descent from Richard 
 De Courcey, was sent to Ireland by 
 Henry II., in 1177, to assist William 
 Fitz-Adelm in the government, and 
 attached the Province of Ulster to the 
 English Monarchy. For his import- 
 ant services he was created Earl of 
 Ulster, and was the first Englishman 
 dignified with an Irish title of honour. 
 He continued in high favour during 
 the reign of Henry II., and performed 
 many valiant achievements in Ireland, 
 but at the accession of King John he 
 fell into disgrace by the envious mis- 
 representations of Hugh De Lacy, and 
 was seized while performing penance 
 in the churchyard of Downpatrick, on 
 Good Friday, A.D. 1203, sent to Lon- 
 don, and confined in the Tower, where 
 he was condemned to perpetual impri- 
 sonment, with all his possessions as • 
 signed to his rival, Hugh De Lacy. 
 After enduring this confinement about 
 one year, he was induced to meet a 
 French champion in single combat, to 
 decide a dispute between King John 
 and Philip Augustus of France re- 
 specting the Duchy of Normandy. 
 His opponent fled on the day of com- 
 bat, and the victory was decided in 
 his favour. King John restored all 
 his possessions, and desired him to 
 ask any favour within his gift, which 
 lie assured him would be conferred. 
 De Courcey replied, that having ho- 
 nours and estates enough, he request- 
 ed that his successors should have the 
 privilege of remaining covered in the 
 Royal Presence, after having paid their 
 obeisance, and this eccentric request 
 was immediately conceded, the King 
 probably thinking that he had got 
 very easily off. This warrior died in 
 France in 1210, and was succeeded by 
 his only son Miles, upon whom Henry 
 III. had conferred theBarony of Kin- 
 sale in 1181, as a compensation for the 
 Earldom of Ulster, which was retained 
 by the De Lacy Family. The honours 
 descended regularly for five centu- 
 ries to Almericus the twenty-second 
 Lord, who was outlawed in 1691, but 
 he was soon restored, and his Lord- 
 ship took his seat in Parliament in 1692. 
 
 580 
 
 When this nobleman first appeared 
 covered in the presence of William 
 III., he thus addressed the King: — 
 “ Sire, my name is Courcey ; I am 
 Lord of Kinsale in your Maj esty’s king- 
 dom of Ireland, and the reason of my 
 appearing covered in your Majesty’s 
 presence is to assert the ancient privi- 
 lege of my Family, granted to Sir John 
 De Courcey, Earl of Ulster, and his 
 heirs, by John, King of England.” 
 The King acknowledged the privi- 
 lege, which was asserted by Gerald 
 twenty-fourth Lord, when he was pre- 
 sented to George I. John, twenty- 
 eighth Lord, succeeded his uncle, who 
 was in holy orders in the Established 
 Church, in 1832. 
 
 KINSALE, a parliamentary bo- 
 rough and sea-port, in the Barony of 
 its name, county and Diocese of Cork : 
 living, a rectory and vicarage. The 
 town is situated on the river Bandon, 
 at the extremity of the deep, narrow, 
 well-sheltered estuary of Kinsale Bay, 
 T86 Irish miles from Dublin and ten 
 miles from Cork, the Harbour pro- 
 tected by Charles Fort, close to which 
 all vessels must pass, and on this Fort 
 are a strong battery and very exten- 
 sive Barracks. The Harbour, which 
 forms the estuary of the Bandon, 
 though smaller than Cove, is remark- 
 ably secure, and this curious old town 
 is, two miles from its entrance, built 
 on the side of Compass Hill, the streets 
 and houses appearing as if all huddled 
 together. The principal street is by 
 the river side, and several steep lanes 
 ascend the Hill, exclusive of some 
 houses and other buildings at the head 
 of the Harbour. Many of the houses 
 have balconies in the Spanish style. 
 The town is tolerably well paved, and 
 has a good supply of water, though 
 several of the lanes are dirty and nar- 
 row. Kinsale, from its fine situation, 
 could be made an elegant town, if a 
 regular plan for its improvement were 
 adopted. It contains the parish 
 church, Roman Catholic chapels, and 
 Dissenting places of worship, and the 
 offices and buildings peculiar to a sea- 
 port town, while the cheapness of pro- 
 
KIN 
 
 visions and the salubrity of the cli- j 
 mate make it the constant residence 
 of many respectable families. 
 
 Kinsale is a town of considerable 
 antiquity, and soon became a place of 
 importance to the early English set- 
 tlers. Sir John De Courcey acquired 
 possession of the surrounding district 
 by intermarriage with the Cogan fa- 
 mily, and built a castle on the pro- 
 montory called the Old Head of Kin- 
 sale in the twelfth century. This 
 probably induced the erection of the 
 town farther up the Bandon, where 
 the capacious land-locked creek offered 
 the advantages of a good roadstead. 
 In subsequent times Kinsale was the 
 scene of many engagements, both by 
 sea and land. Here De Courcey de- 
 feated the Irish under MacCarthey 
 More with great slaughter; and in 
 1380 a battle was fought in the Har- 
 bour between the English fleet and 
 the combined fleets of France and 
 Spain, when the former completely 
 triumphed. On the 23d of September 
 1601, a body of Spaniards, under Don 
 Juan D’Aquila, landed at Kinsale, and 
 seized the town for the Roman Catho- 
 lic party, then in rebellion under the 
 Earl of Tyrone and other chieftains. 
 The English under the Lord- Deputy 
 Mountjoy and Sir George Carew arriv- 
 ! ed before the town on the 17th of Oc- 
 ! tober, and invested it on both sides of 
 the Bandon. The Spaniards surren- 
 dered on the 28th of December, in 
 consequence of the complete defeat 
 of the Irish army under O’Neill and 
 O’Donnell, five days previous, before 
 ' the town, when 1200 men were killed, 
 and 800 were wounded. Kinsale be- 
 came a refuge of the Protestants of 
 the district during the Civil Wars of 
 ! 1641. At the Revolution it was pos- 
 • sessed by a combined French and Irish 
 garrison for King James from March 
 1689 to the latter end of 1690, when 
 it surrendered to Brigadier-General 
 Churchill, afterwards the great Duke 
 of Marlborough. 
 
 During the Continental War there 
 was a Government Dockyard at Kin- 
 sale, and the Harbour was a great re- 
 581 
 
 KIN 
 
 J sort of ships of war, which caused a 
 considerable circulation of money, but 
 these advantages have ceased since 
 the Peace of 1814, and the town is in 
 a declining condition. With all the 
 advantages of a fine harbour there is 
 little trade, and its contiguity to Cork 
 is not likely to improve it in this re- 
 spect. The town is now chiefly a sea- 
 bathing summer resort, as are also 
 the neighbouring villages of Cove and 
 Scilly. The imports are coals, some 
 iron, corn, flour, salt, and other arti- 
 cles ; the exports are grain, potatoes, 
 feathers, some cattle, sheep, and pigs. 
 In 1835 the value of the exports was 
 L. 13, 479; imports, L.18,262. The 
 principal source of employment to 
 a large proportion of the population 
 is the fishing, at which they are very 
 expert. Their boats are termed 
 hookers, and are well built vessels of 
 twenty tons, which go to sea in all 
 weathers. Between 400 and 500 boats 
 are constantly employed, and supply 
 the markets of Bandon and Cork. 
 
 A charter of incorporation was 
 granted to the inhabitants in 1333, and 
 the governing charters are those of 
 7th Edward III. and 31st Elizabeth. 
 By the Irish Municipal Act the Cor- 
 poration consists of the Sovereign, 
 Burgesses, and Commonalty. The 
 criminal jurisdiction extends to all 
 cases except high treason, and the civil 
 jurisdiction of the Recorder’s Court 
 is unlimited in all personal actions. 
 The Borough and Liberties consti 
 tute the Barony of Kinsale. The 
 Borough returns one Member to the 
 Imperial Parliament ; constituency in 
 1841-2, 300. Population in 1831, 7312. 
 
 KINSALEBEG, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Decies-within- 
 Drum, county of Waterford, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore, on the Blackwater. 
 Population in 1831, 2780. Post-town, 
 Youghal. 
 
 KINSEALY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Coolock, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, near Mala- 
 hide. On Feltrim Hill are the re- 
 mains of an encampment, and in the 
 parish are the residences of Abbeville, 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
KNI THE GAZETTEER KNO 
 
 Greenwood, Auburne, Feltrim, Clare- 
 ville, and Kinsealy. The church of 
 St Nicholas is a picturesque ruin. 
 Population in 1831, 650. 
 
 KINVARRA, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Kiltartan, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Kilmacduagh. 
 The village of Kinvarra is nine miles 
 from Gort. The small rocky har- 
 bour affords bad anchorage, and is 
 dry at low water. Population in 1831, 
 4610. Post-town, Gort. 
 
 KIPPURE MOUNTAINS, a lofty 
 range on the borders of the counties 
 of Dublin and Wicklow, the highest 
 of which is 2473 feet according to the 
 Ordnance Survey, and 2527 by other 
 statements. At the base of the high- 
 est of the range is the romantic seat 
 of Kippure Lodge. 
 
 K1RKCUBBIN, a thriving village 
 in the parish of St Andrews, county 
 of Down, on the shore, about two 
 miles from Grey- Abbey. This town 
 is of recent origin, having been erect- 
 ed since 1790. Fairs are held here on 
 the 28th of April, May, August, and 
 November, and on the last Wednes- 
 day of the other months. 
 
 KIRKINRIOLA. See Ballymena. 
 
 KISH, or Kesh, a village in the 
 parish of Drumkeeran, county of Fer- 
 managh, on the eastern side of Lough 
 Erne, and on a small tributary of the 
 lake which conveys to it numerous 
 rivulets from the hills of Tyrone. It 
 is about twelve Irish miles from Ennis- 
 killen, and six miles fromPettigoe, on 
 one of the roads from the former 
 town to Killybegs. A fair is held on 
 the fourth day of each month. 
 
 KISHCARRXGAN. See Cash- 
 
 CARRIGAN. 
 
 RISK, a sand-bank outside the Bay 
 of Dublin, on the north end of which 
 is a floating-light ship, having three 
 lanterns, one at each mast head. 
 
 KNARESTOWN, or Knavens- 
 town, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Ophaly, county of Kildare, 
 constituting the corps of the Precen- 
 torship of the Diocese. Post-town, 
 Kildare. 
 
 KNIGH, a parish, rectory and vi* 
 582 
 
 carage, in the Barony of Lower Or- 
 mond, county Of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe. Population in 1831, 
 1447. Post-town, Nenagh. 
 
 KNOCK, a village in the county of 
 Clare, eight miles from Kildysart and 
 seven miles from Kilrush, the woods 
 of which stretch along the banks of 
 the Shannon a considerable distance, 
 and ornament that river. 
 
 KNOCK, or Knockbreda, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Castle- 
 reagh, county and Diocese of Down, 
 on the Lagan river. See Belfast. 
 
 KNOCK, or Knough, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Morgallion, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 499. Post-town, Nob- 
 ber. 
 
 KNOCKADERRY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Upper Connello, county and Diocese 
 of Limerick. Several fairs are held 
 at the village of Knockaderry, in 
 which is a Roman Catholic chapel. 
 Population in 183!, 3328. Post-town, 
 Rathkeale. 
 
 KNOCKALLA, a mountain over- 
 looking Lough Swilly, in the county 
 of Donegal, said to be 1200 feet above 
 the level of the sea. 
 
 KNOCKANE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Dunkerrin, county 
 of Kerry, and annexed Dioceses of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe. Population 
 in 1831, 4716. Post-town, Milltown. 
 
 KNOCKANESS, a mountain in the 
 county of Clare, 1305 feet in height. 
 
 KNOCKANURE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Iraghticon- 
 nor, county of Kerry, and united Dio- 
 ceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1246. Post-town, 
 Listowell. 
 
 KNOCK AYILLY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Kinnalea and East Muskerry, county 
 and Diocese of Cork. Population in 
 1831, 2184. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 KNOCKAVILLY, a village in the 
 Barony of Kinalmeaky, county of 
 Cork, in the neighbourhood of Inis- 
 honan. 
 
 KNOCKBRIDE, a parish, rectory 
 
KNO OF IRELAND. KNO | 
 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Clon- 
 chee, county of Cavan, and Diocese of 
 Kilmore. Population in 1831, 9746. 
 Post-town, Baillieborough. 
 
 KNOCKCOMMON, or Knock- 
 moon, a parochial curacy in the Ba- 
 rony of Lower Duleek, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. Post-town, Slane. 
 
 KNOCKCROGHERY, a village in 
 the parish of Killenvoy, county of 
 Roscommon, ten miles from Athlone 
 and five miles from Roscommon, at 
 which is held a very extensive sheep 
 fair annually on the 25th of October, 
 
 . and here is a small tobacco-pipe ma- 
 nufactory. The village is about a 
 mile from Lough Ree, on the banks 
 of a stream which enters that lake in 
 Galy Bay. It is situated on a decli- 
 vity, and the street is spacious and 
 airy, the best houses being near the 
 Fair Green, which occupies the crest 
 of the hill. A new parish church and 
 schoolhouses add to the improved 
 appearance of the place. 
 
 KNO CKDRUMC ALLY, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Baronies of Cos- 
 tello and Clanmorris, county of Mayo, 
 and Diocese of Tuam. Post-town, 
 Ballyhaunis. 
 
 KNOCKGRAFFON, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Mid- 
 dlethird, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Population in 
 1831, 3520. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 KNOCKLADE, a mountain in the 
 county of Antrim, 1685 feet above the 
 level of the sea. 
 
 KNOCKLINE, a mountain in the 
 county of Kerry, 2160 feet above the 
 level of the sea. 
 
 KNOCKLONG, or Long, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Cosh- 
 lea, county of Limerick, and Diocese 
 of Emly. Population in 1831, 2842. 
 Post-town, Bruff. 
 
 KNOCKMAHON, or Bonmahon, a 
 stream in the county of Waterford, 
 on the banks of which are copper- 
 mines, leased by the Bishop of Water- 
 ford and the Marquis of Waterford to 
 various Companies. 
 
 KNOCKMARK, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Lower Deece, 
 583 
 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 724. Post-town, 
 Dunshaughlin. 
 
 KNOCKMELEDOWN MOUN- 
 TAINS are a range in the south of 
 the county of Tipperary, 2700 feet in 
 height, north of which are the Gal- 
 tees, and farther north are the Slieve- 
 namanagh range, the Keeper, Arragh, 
 and a portion of the Devil’s Bit Moun- 
 tains. 
 
 KNOCKMORE, a hill in the county 
 of Mayo, 1518 feet in height. 
 
 KNOCKMOURNE, a parish and vi- 
 carage, with a village of its name, in 
 the Barony of Kinnataloon, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3144. Post-town, Tal- 
 low. 
 
 KNOCKMOY, or Abbey-Knock- 
 moy, a parish in the county of Galway, 
 in which are the ruins of the Abbey of 
 Knockmoy, founded in the end of the 
 twelfth century by Cathal O’ Conor, 
 King of Connaught, surnamed Red - 
 Hand, in commemoration of a victory j 
 gained by him near the spot over a 
 body of English under Almeric St 
 Lawrence. The ruins are consider- 
 able, and the tomb of the founder is 
 pointed out, adorned with fresco paint- 
 ings, which are certainly of the thir- 
 teenth or fourteenth century. These 
 paintings are on the north side of the ! 
 chancel of the Abbey, and are fast 
 hastening to decay. They represent 
 three as if living and three skeleton 
 kings, and a youth is delineated quite 
 naked, tied to a tree, and in the act of 
 being shot to death by arrows. Knock- 
 moy Abbey is about six miles from 
 Tuam. 
 
 KNOCKMUILAN, a village in the 
 parish of Knocktopher, county of Kil- 
 kenny. 
 
 KNOCKNAGAUL, a parish, rec- 
 tory and viearage, in the Barony of 
 Pubblebrien, county and Diocese of 
 Limerick. Population in 1831, 1381. 
 Post-town, Limerick. 
 
 KNOCKNINNY, a Barony of the 
 county of Fermanagh, divided into 
 three parishes, hut containing no town 
 or village of any importance. 
 
LAB 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 LAB 
 
 KNOCKTEMPLE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Duhallow, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne . 
 Population in 1831, 1801. Post-town, 
 Charleville. 
 
 KNOCKTOPHER, a Barony in the 
 southern centre of the county of 
 Kilkenny, containing the villages of 
 Knocktopher and Stoneyford. The 
 Barony is populous, and in improved 
 cultivation. 
 
 KNOCKTOPHER, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 its name, and Diocese of Ossory. The 
 village of Knocktopher, formerly a 
 parliamentary borough of the most 
 approved pot-walloping kind, is four 
 miles from Thomastown, on the road 
 from Carlow to Waterford. The vi- 
 cinity is ornamented by the demesne 
 of Langrishe, Bart., and a mile dis- 
 tant is the little village of Bally hale. 
 
 KYLE. See Clonfert-Mtjlloe. 
 
 KYLE, a village in the Barony of 
 Ballaghkeen, county of Wexford, on 
 the Awin-Banna. Near it is the seat 
 of Kyle House ; and below this resi- 
 dence, on the banks of the Slaney, are 
 the ruins of Deep’s Castle, near which 
 is the villa of Percy Lodge, and on 
 the opposite side of the river the 
 truly picturesque seat of Carrickman- 
 non. 
 
 KYLEMORE, a lake in the Conne- 
 mara district of Galway, about two 
 miles in length, embedded among the 
 hills which stretch from the northern 
 side of Binabola, or the Twelve Pins. 
 It is a most beautiful, romantic, and 
 sequestered mountain lake, about 
 three miles from the descent of the 
 steep and rugged Maam Turk, its 
 banks covered with oak, birch, holly, 
 and copsewood. 
 
 L. 
 
 LABBIG-OWEN, the place of con- 
 cealment of a certain Outlaw called 
 Owen, who flourished in former times 
 in the vicinity of Glenflesk, and neigh- 
 bourhood of Killarney. “ Nearly at 
 the southern extremity of Glenflesk,” 
 says Mr Windele, “ opposite to that by 
 which we have entered it from the 
 Killarney side, and near the com- 
 mencement of the Flesk, after the 
 junction of the Looah and Glyde, the 
 principal legendary mark of the glen 
 is pointed out. This is the celebrated 
 Phil-a- Dhaoun, or Cliff of the Demon. 
 It is a succession of precipitous rocks 
 covered with foliage, thinly distribut- 
 ed along the acclivities, and forms the 
 face of the Crochawn Mountain. At 
 its foot the river winds a narrow rapid 
 stream under high banks, and be- 
 tween it and the base of the rocks 
 runs the old Kenmare road. About 
 midway up the ascent a ledge or fis 
 sure is shown in the face of the per- 
 584 
 
 pendicular rock, bearing the name of 
 Labbig Oioen, or Owen's Bed. The 
 passage to this is intricate and labo- 
 rious, but not impracticable even to a 
 stranger, though it requires a guide. 
 The way is encumbered with huge 
 masses fallen from the upper crags. 
 The only access to the Outlaw’s bed is 
 by a ladder which leads to a kind of 
 rough plateau, overhung by a higher 
 elevation of the cliff, which shelters 
 and keeps it dry. Owen’s fire-place, 
 table, stool, &c., formed in or of the 
 rock, are carefully pointed out. This 
 Owen, the hero of Fileadoun, was of 
 the race of the Mac- Carthys, and, as 
 in fealty bound, a follower of the 
 O’Donoghue of the Glens. The cause 
 which led him to adopt the wild ma- 
 rauding life during a long period of 
 proscription is differently mentioned. 
 Mr Crofton Croker states that it arose 
 out of certain cattle-lifting propensi- 
 ties less in disrepute in the Glens, into 
 
LAD 
 
 OF IRELAND. LAG 
 
 which the King’s writ did not run, 
 than in the more open country north 
 of the mountains.” 
 
 LABASHEEDA. See Pound- 
 street and Killofin. 
 
 LACKAGH, a stream in the Ba- 
 rony of Kilmacrenan, county of Done- 
 gal. 
 
 LACKAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Clare, coun- 
 ty of Galway, and Diocese of Tuam. 
 Population in 1831, 2190. Post-town, 
 Galway. 
 
 LACKAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of West 
 Ophaly, county and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare. Here are the ruins of a church 
 surrounded by an ancient cemetery, 
 and of a castle, said to have been 
 erected by a lady belonging to the 
 Noble Family of Fitzgerald. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1450. Post-town, Kil- 
 dare. 
 
 LACKAGH, a mountain in the 
 county of Leitrim, 1448 feet above the 
 level of the sea. It abounds with 
 bituminous coal, in strata upwards of 
 1150 feet above the town of Manor- 
 Hamilton. 
 
 LACK AN, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Tyrawley, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Killala. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2911. Post-town, Kil- 
 lala. 
 
 LACKEEN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Orrery, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 89. Post-town, Charle- 
 ville. 
 
 LACKIN, a parochial curacy in the 
 Barouy of Corkery, county of West- 
 meath, and Diocese of Meath. Post- 
 town, Mullingar. 
 
 LACKOWRAN, or Loscoran, a 
 parish, impropriate rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of Decies-without- 
 Drum, county of Waterford, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore. Post-town, Dun- 
 garvan. 
 
 LADY’S BRIDGE, a village in the 
 parish of Ightermurragh, county of 
 Cork. Here is a Roman Catholic 
 chapel. 
 
 LADY’S ISLAND, or St Mary's, a 
 585 
 
 parish and impropriate curacy in the 
 Barony of Forth, county of Wexford, 
 and Diocese of Ferns, not exceeding 
 380 acres, between Lough Tay and St 
 George’s Channel. The peninsula of 
 Lady’s Island contains a ruined castle 
 or keep, erected about 1238 by Rodolph 
 de Lambert, 61 feet high, and 40 by 30 
 feet square, with a large arched and 
 fortified gateway, the whole of coarse 
 compact granite, without any archi- 
 tectural pretensions. A small body 
 of Cromwell’s troops obtained posses- 
 sion of this Castle in September 1649, 
 and those worthies also plundered a 
 convent of Augustinian Friars, and 
 killed the inmates. The present small 
 village of Lady’s Island contains a 
 Roman Catholic chapel. This place 
 was long a resort of pilgrims, and is 
 still so to a considerable extent. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 239. Post-town, 
 Broadway. 
 
 LADY-TOWN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Connell, county 
 and Diocese of Kildare, on the Liffey. 
 Population in 1831, 402. Post-town, 
 Naas. 
 
 LAGAN, anciently Locha , a river 
 in the county of Down, has its source , 
 in two rivulets issuing from the 
 Slievecroob and Slievenaboly Moun- 
 tains in the Barony of Upper Iveagh, 
 which unite about two miles south- 
 east of the old episcopal town of Dro- 
 more. The source of the Lagan in 
 the Slievecroob range is said to be 1250 
 feet above the level of the sea. The 
 Lagan has a course of about 30 miles 
 to Belfast Lough. Throughout near- 
 ly half its course it has a direction 
 nearly parallel to the Bann, and turns 
 eastward at Magheralin, four miles 
 north-east of which it becomes the 
 county boundary. The Lagan Canal 
 connects Lough Neagh with Belfast 
 Lough, and gives a line of communi- 
 cation to the entire northern boun- 
 dary of the county. See Belfast 
 and Canal. 
 
 LAGHY, a small village three miles 
 from Ballintra, and about the same 
 distance from Donegal, in a hilly, fer- 
 tile, and densely populated district. 
 
LAN THE GAZETTEER LAN 
 
 A fair for the sale of flax-seed is held 
 here on the 29th of April. 
 
 LAHINCH, a village in the parish 
 of Kilmanaheen, county of Clare, on 
 Liscanor Bay. It is a summer sea- 
 bathing resort, and there is an unin- 
 terrupted drive from Milltown-Mal- 
 bay to the cliffs of Mohir. In the 
 vicinity are the natural curiosities 
 called the Puffing Holes and the Drop- 
 ping Well. Population in 1831, 1033. 
 
 LAMBAY, a rocky island, having 
 good anchorage round it, in five to 
 eight fathoms water clear ground, off 
 the creek of Malahide, north of the 
 Bay of Dublin. It has a small pier 
 and harbour. Lobsters, crabs, and 
 oysters, are taken on the shores in 
 abundance for the Dublin market. 
 The island lies about three miles from 
 the shore, and is considered to belong 
 to the parish of East Lusk. One autho- 
 rity assigns to it 650 acres. It was an- 
 ciently the property of Christ Church, 
 Dublin, and in the reign of Edward IV. 
 it was assigned to John Chalenor, who 
 erected a castle, in which Lord Talbot 
 de Malahide, the present proprietor, 
 occasionally resides. Part of it is 
 cultivated, and the inhabitants are 
 upwards of 100. 
 
 LAMBEG, a parish and rectory in 
 the Baronies of Belfast and A^assa- 
 reene, county of Antrim, and in the 
 Barony of Castlereagh, county of 
 Down, Diocese of Connor. The vil- 
 lage of Lambeg is three miles from 
 Lisburn, where the old or Malone road 
 from Lisburn to Belfast branches off 
 the post line. Here are numerous 
 bleachfields, factories, and other 
 works, on the banks of the Lagan, 
 which, as it approaches Belfast Lough, 
 is a broad, muddy, and tidal river. 
 In the vicinity are Lambeg House, 
 Chrome House, Drum House, Will- 
 mount, and other residences. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1537. 
 
 LANE (LOUGH), a most beautiful 
 and picturesque lake in the county of 
 W estmeath, about two miles long and 
 half a mile broad, on the road from 
 Castletown-Delvin to Castle-Pollard. 
 A subterranean stream from this lake 
 586 
 
 turns a mill in the village of Fowre, 
 on the north side of the hill. On the 
 southern shore is the villa of Lough 
 Park, beautifully situated within the 
 demesne of Kinturk, which surrounds 
 the small town of Castle-Pollard. 
 
 LANE, a river in the county of 
 Kerry which issues from the Lower 
 Lake of Killarney, and enters Castle- 
 maine Harbour in the Bay of Dingle. 
 The Lishaddin increases it to a con- 
 siderable breadth, and its banks are 
 high, diversified, and fertile. It has 
 been proposed to render the Lane 
 navigable from its debouch to Killar- 
 ney, the surface of which is said to be 
 only fifty feet above the level of the 
 sea. 
 
 LANESBOROUGH, a poor strag- 
 gling town in the parish of Rathcline, 
 county of Longford, on the banks of 
 the Shannon, where the river expands 
 itself into Lough Ree, and a bridge 
 connects the counties of Longford 
 and Roscommon. The best part of 
 the town is on the Longford side of 
 the river, that on the Roscommon side 
 being a miserable collection of cabins 
 known as Ballyleague. Lanesborough 
 has a considerable corn market, and 
 some traffic in dairy produce, which 
 is sent to Killashee, four miles dis- 
 tant, and thence conveyed by the 
 Royal Canal to Dublin. This town 
 will likely be much benefited by the 
 improvement of the Shannon navi- 
 gation. The works in this loca- 
 lity are estimated to cost L. 10,500. 
 The mansion of Rathcline is near the 
 town, on the banks of Lough Ree. 
 This town derives its name from the 
 family of Lane, to whom it gave the 
 title of Viscount, extinct in 1727. It 
 now gives the title of Earl, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Butler, descended from Sir 
 Stephen Butler, Knight, who settled 
 in Ireland in the reign of James I. 
 Theophilus Butler, Esq. was created 
 Baron Newtown-Butler in 1715, and 
 was succeeded in 1723 by his brother, 
 Brinsley Butler, Esq., who was ad- 
 vanced to the dignity of Viscount 
 Lanesborough in 1728. Hisson Henry, 
 
LAR 
 
 OF IRELAND. LAR 
 
 second Viscount, was created Earl of 
 Lanesborough in 1756. The family 
 seat is Belvidere, in the county of 
 Westmeath. 
 
 L ANEY, a tributary of the Sullane, 
 or Macroom river, which augments 
 the Lee within three miles of the 
 town of Macroom. The Laney rises 
 in the Muskerry Mountains north-east 
 of Macroom, and joins the Sullane 
 near a bridge still called Newbridge, 
 though erected in the beginning of 
 the eighteenth century. The low 
 meadow ground between this stream 
 and the Sullane is memorable as one 
 of the battle-fields of Brien Boromhe, 
 and three upright stones still indicate 
 the graves of the slain. 
 
 LANGFIELD (East or Upper, and 
 West or Lower), two parishes and 
 rectories in the Barony of Omagh, 
 county of Tyrone, and Diocese of 
 Derry. The greater part of the dis- 
 trict is mountainous. In Lower Lang- 
 field are several lakes, and the Poe 
 traverses the district in its course to 
 the Foyle. In Upper Langfield is the 
 market-town of Drumquin. Popula- 
 tion of both parishes in 1831, 7784. 
 The parish in which Drumquin is si- 
 tuated is also called Drumragh. See 
 DRUMQrry. 
 
 LARACOR, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Movfenragh, county and Diocese of 
 Meath. This is the native parish of 
 the Duke of Wellington, of whose 
 paternal mansion of Dangan, the seat 
 of his father, the Earl of Mornington, 
 a very few vestiges now remain. 
 While this quarter of the neighbour- 
 hood of Trim will always be interest- 
 ing as the birth-place of the most 
 illustrious man of his time, the pa- 
 rish of Laracor is connected with the 
 history of Dean Swift, who was vicar 
 for several years in early life, after 
 his debut in Ireland as chaplain and 
 secretary to the Earl of Berkeley, 
 Lord-Lieutenant. A gentleman nam- 
 ed Bushe had persuaded his Lordship 
 that his chaplain was not profession- 
 ally a fit person to be his secretary, 
 
 ■ and actually superseded Swift. The 
 587 
 
 future Dean of St Patrick’s had set 
 his wistful eyes on the Deanery of 
 Derry, and when it was vacant he was 
 told by Bushe that he would obtain 
 the preferment if he would give a 
 douceur of one thousand guineas, at 
 which he ran out of Dublin Castle, ; 
 exclaiming to Bushe — u God con- ; 
 found you both for a couple of 
 scoundrels,” meaning Bushe, and his 
 master the Lord-Lieutenant. The 
 Earl, however, was in dread of his 
 chaplain’s powers of pasquinade, and 
 endeavoured to silence him by the 
 presentation to the vicarage of Lara- 
 cor and other preferments. It was 
 in the parish church of Laracor that, 
 on account of the non-attendance of 
 any of the parishioners on one occa- 
 sion, Swift commenced divine service 
 in the manner related in the jest 
 books, by personally including the 
 clerk, and reading “ Dearly beloved 
 Roger,” instead of “Dearly beloved 
 Brethren.” Population in 1831, 2418. 
 See Summerhill. 
 
 LARAGR, or Larah, a parish in 
 the Baronies of Loughtee and Tulla- 
 garvey, county of Cavan, and Diocese 
 of Kilmore. Population in 1831, 7808. 
 Post-town, Cavan. 
 
 LARAGH, a village in the parish 
 of Glendalough, county of Wexford, 
 half a mile from the celebrated Seven 
 Churches. The former military bar- 
 rack of Laragh is now occupied by a 
 detachment of police. The military 
 road from Dublin by Glencree, and 
 the road from that city by Round- 
 wood, meet at this place. See Glex- 
 
 DALOUGH. 
 
 LARGAY, formerly Bed-Lion , a 
 village in the county of Cavan, on the 
 borders of Fermanagh, two miles 
 from Belcoo Bridge, on the road from 
 Enniskillen to Manor-Hamilton. 
 
 LARGAY, a remote poor fishing 
 village three miles from Killybegs, 
 county of Donegal. 
 
 LARNE, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy in the upper half of the Ba- 
 rony of Glenarm, county of Antrim, 
 and Diocese of Connor. The little 
 sea- port town of Larne, upwards of 
 
LAU 
 
 THE GAZETTEER LEA 
 
 97 Irish miles from Dublin, 18 miles 
 from Belfast, and 10 miles from Car- 
 rickfergus, is finely situated in a shel- 
 tered bay at the mouth of the inlet 
 called Lough Larne, which forms the 
 promontory of Island-Magee at the 
 north entrance of Belfast Lough. 
 Larne consists of an old and a new 
 town, the former consisting of nar- 
 row, dirty, and wretchedly paved 
 streets and poor houses, but the latter 
 has some pretensions to neatness, and 
 the tenements are comfortable and 
 well arranged. Larne is noted in 
 history as the scene of frequent in- 
 cursions from its position on the 
 coast, and here Edward Bruce landed 
 his Scotish forces for the conquest of 
 Ireland. Near the town, on a small 
 headland, are the remains of Older- 
 fleet Castle, erected by a Scotsman 
 named Bisset. Lough Larne is an 
 excellent harbour for small vessels, 
 and numbers of sloops are at all times 
 in it for cargoes of lime from the 
 works of Magheramorne in the vici- 
 nity. Formerly Larne possessed a 
 considerable trade, but it is now 
 swamped by Belfast, to which port it 
 is a kind of subsidiary. In 1835 the 
 exports were valued at L. 66, 309; im- 
 ports, L.7255. The exports are chief- 
 ly lime and provisions. Some weav- 
 ing is carried on, and a few cotton- 
 mills are in the vicinity. The Agnews 
 Hill, said to be 1558 feet in height, 
 rises over this little sea-port, and 
 commands extensive views, including 
 the Mull of Cantyre and other parts 
 of the Argyllshire coast. In the 
 neighbourhood of the town are seve- 
 ral neat villas. Population in 1831, 
 2616; of parish, 3182. 
 
 LATTERAGH, a parish, rectory, 
 and hamlet, in the Barony of Upper 
 Ormond, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Killaloe. Population in 
 1831, 995. Post-town, Borris-o-leigh. 
 
 L AT TIN, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Emly. Population in 1831, 1423. 
 Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 LAUNE (RIVER). See Lane. 
 
 588 
 
 LAURENCETOWN, a village in 
 the parish of Clonfert, county of Gal. 
 way, six miles from Ballinasloe, on 
 the road to Eyrecourt. Fairs are held 
 in May, August, and December, and 
 there is a considerable manufacture of 
 earthenware and furniture carried on. 
 Here are a Roman Catholic chapel 
 and a Wesleyan Methodist meeting- 
 house. In the vicinity are the resi- 
 dences of Bellevue, in the demesne of 
 which are numbers of fine cedars of 
 Lebanon and evergreen oaks, Gortna- 
 mona, Somerset House, and Bally- 
 more Castle. 
 
 LAVA STRAND, a small village 
 nine miles from Virginia, on the road 
 to Cavan, close to the little Lough 
 Lava, and in the vicinity is the beauti- 
 ful demesne of Stradone. 
 
 LAVAY, or Lowey, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Upper 
 Loughtee, county of Cavan, and Dio- 
 cese of Kilmore, on the road to Vir- 
 ginia. Population in 1831, 6305. 
 
 LAYDE, or Laid, a parish annexed 
 to Ardclinis, in the county of An- 
 trim, and Diocese of Connor, bounded 
 on the east by the Irish Channel. It 
 extends along the shore about six 
 miles, and nearly the same inland. 
 See Ardclinis. 
 
 LAYDE. See Cushendall. 
 
 LEA, or Ley, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Portnehinch, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Kildare, tra- 
 versed by the Barrow, and intersected 
 by the Grand Canal. About three 
 miles from Monastereven, on the Bar- 
 row, are the ruins of Lea Castle, a 
 strong feudal fortress erected by the 
 Fitzgeralds in 1260, burnt by Edward 
 Bruce in 1315, subsequently repair- 
 ed, and dilapidated in 1650. The 
 stump of what was long considered 
 the largest ash-tree in Ireland still re- 
 mains in the churchyard, near the Cas- 
 tle. Population in 1831, 5506. See 
 
 PORTARLINGTON. 
 
 LEAN CAPE, or Loop-Head. See 
 Loop-Head. 
 
 LEANANE, a beautiful stream 
 which flows from Lough Gartan,, 
 passes the town of Rathmelton, or 
 
1 LEE OF IRELAND. LEI ; 
 
 1 Ramelton, and after traversing a pic- 
 1 turesque and finely wooded glen en- 
 ters Lough S willy, in the county of 
 Donegal. 
 
 LEAP, a village in the parish of 
 Roscarbery, county of Cork, at the 
 head of Glandore Harbour, near the 
 romantic demesne so called. Post- 
 town, Roscarbery. 
 
 LEAP, a greatly improved village 
 in the Barony of Ballybrit, King’s 
 County. 
 
 LEAR, a stream which, with the 
 Griese, falls into the Barrow a few 
 miles above Carlow. 
 
 LECALE, a Barony of the county 
 of Down, divided into twelve parishes, 
 and containing the towns of Down- 
 patrick, Dundrum, Killough, and Kil- 
 clief. It is a rich, fertile, and popu- 
 lous district, the inhabitants generally 
 engaged in the linen manufacture, 
 agriculture, fishing, and mercantile 
 pursuits. This Barony is a peninsula 
 formed by the sea on the south, the 
 inner Bay of Dundrum, and Strang- 
 ford Lough, extending a little west of 
 the former bay, and including a tract 
 on the north of the latter inlet. 
 
 LECK, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of Raphoe, county 
 of Donegal, and Diocese of Raphoe, 
 near the head of Lough Swilly. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 4046. Post-town, 
 Letterkenny. 
 
 LECKARROW, a village in the 
 parish of Boyle, county of Roscom- 
 mon. 
 
 LECKNOWE, or Piercetown- 
 Landy, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Upper Duleek, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Meath. Population 
 in 1831, 572. Post-town, Slane. 
 
 LECK-PATRICK, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Strabane, county of Tyrone, and Dio- 
 cese of Derry, containing part of the 
 town of Strabane. See Strabane. 
 
 LEE, an important river in the 
 county of Cork, which issues from the 
 ■mall secluded lake of Gougan e-Barra, 
 and enters Cork Harbour. It divides 
 into two unequal branches above the 
 city of Cork. The whole coirse of 
 589 
 
 this fine river is upwards of 40 miles, | 
 during which it receives numerous | 
 streams. See Gougane-Barra. 
 
 LEENANE, a poor village at the 
 head of Killery Bay. See Kili ery. 
 
 LEIGHLIN, a Diocese in the Archie- 
 piscopal Province of Dublin, including 
 the county of Carlow, and extending 
 into the counties of Wicklow, Wex- 
 ford, King’s County, and Kilkenny. 
 The Chapter consists of the Dean, 
 Precentor, Chancellor, Treasurer, 
 Archdeacon, and four Prebendaries. 
 In 1834 the Diocese comprised 82 pa- 
 rishes, constituting 56 benefices ; 
 churches, 49; Roman Catholic chapels, 
 64. In that year the gross population 
 of the Diocese was 190,852, of whom 
 20,391 were members of the Church 
 of Ireland, 169,982 were Roman Ca- ' 
 tholics, and 479 were Dissenters of 
 various denominations. There were 
 279 daily schools, educating 20,755 
 young persons, 61 of which schools 
 were in connection with the National 
 Board of Education. St Laserian, 
 who defended the Roman mode of 
 celebrating Easter at the Synod of 
 Whitefield, or Leighlin, A. D. 630, is 
 the reputed founder of the See, pre- 
 vious to whom the church at Leigh- 
 lin had been governed by an Ab- 
 bot. Little is known of his successors 
 till after the arrival of the English. 
 Burchard, the Norwegian, is enume- 
 rated among the principal benefactors 
 of this church, and he either founded 
 or endowed the Priory of St Stephen 
 of Leighlin, the lands of which were 
 afterwards annexed to the Deanery. 
 Several of the Bishops are also noticed 
 as benefactors. Maurice Doran, the 
 28th Bishop of Leighlin, was murder- 
 ed, in 1523, by Maurice Kavenagh, his 
 Archdeacon, who was hanged for the 
 crime on the spot. In 1600 the See 
 was annexed to Ferns, and Robert 
 Grave, Dean of Cork, was consecrated 
 Bishop. The first Protestant Bishop 
 was Robert Travers, advanced to the 
 See in 1550, but deprived at the ac- 
 cession of Queen Mary. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Thomas Field, a Franciscan 
 Friar, and he in turn by Daniel Ka- 
 3 D 
 
LEI THE GAZETTEER LEI 
 
 venagh, the second Protestant Bishop, 
 who is said to have greatly impo- 
 verished the See. The lands com- 
 prise 12,924 statute acres, producing 
 the average annual income of L.2667. 
 By the act of 1833 the See of Ossory is 
 annexed, by avoidance, to the united 
 Dioceses of Leighlin and Ferns. 
 
 LEIGHLIN (OLD), a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Idrone W est, 
 county of Carlow, near the Barrow. 
 The little village of Old Leighlin, 
 three miles from Leighlin-Bridge, 
 contains the cathedral of the Diocese, 
 a small edifice used as the parish 
 church, and the ruins of the former 
 cathedral are in the vicinity. Al- 
 though Old Leighlin now consists of 
 a few cabins, it is recorded that in the 
 episcopate of Richard Rocorab, who 
 died in 1420, it could number 86 bur- 
 gesses, and was in a flourishing con- 
 dition. The Abbey for Canons-Re- 
 gular, in which was held the Synod, 
 in 630, to regulate the observance of 
 Easter, was founded by St Gobban. 
 
 LEIGHLIN-BRIDGE, a small town 
 in the parish of Old Leighlin, six Irish 
 miles from Carlow, on the road to 
 Waterford. It is situated on the 
 Barrow, and its principal street is re- 
 gularly built. The corn and butter 
 market is improving, and in the vi- 
 cinity are very extensive mills and 
 corn stores. Here are a parish church, 
 Roman Catholic chapel, small friary, 
 and the ruins of an old castle ; the re- 
 sidence of Stewart Lodge ; and several 
 villas. Population in 1831, 2035. 
 
 LEIGHLINSTOWN, a village in 
 the parish of Killiney, county of Dub- 
 lin, about four miles from Bray. It 
 is picturesquely situated in a small 
 glen watered by the Shangana stream. 
 
 LEIGHMONEY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Kin- 
 nalea and Kerricurrihy, county and 
 Diocese of Cork, on the Bandon. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 855. Post-town, 
 Bandon. 
 
 LEINSTER, one of the four Pro- 
 vinces of Ireland, is bounded on the 
 north by Ulster ; on the west by the 
 Shannon, which separates it from the 
 590 
 
 Province of Connaught, and by part of 
 Munster ; on the south by St George's 
 Channel ; and on the east by the Irish 
 Sea. The counties included in the 
 Province are Dublin, Carlow, Kil- 
 dare, Kilkenny, King’s County, Long- 
 ford, Louth, Meath, Queen’s County, 
 Westmeath, Wexford, and Wicklow, 
 the county of the town of Drogheda, 
 and the separate jurisdictions of the 
 cities of Dublin and Kilkenny. This 
 Province possesses great advantages 
 beyond the other Irish Provinces, be- 
 ing comparatively little encumbered 
 with mountains, except in the county 
 of Wicklow. Leinster formed what is 
 usually designated the English Pale — 
 the line of demarcation drawn by the 
 English settlers between their ac- 
 quired possessions and the remoter 
 districts, which were permitted to re- 
 main with the original proprietors. 
 After the arrival of the English, Earl 
 Strongbow was Lord of Leinster, in 
 right of his Countess, Eva, daughter 
 of MacDermod Murrogh, King of 
 Leinster. The Province gives the title 
 of Duke, in the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the ancient and Noble Family of Fitz- 
 gerald, descended from Maurice Fitz- 
 gerald, through whose exertions the 
 possession of Ireland was chiefly ac- 
 complished by Henry II. James, 
 twentieth Earl of Kildare, was created 
 Viscount Leinster, in the Peerage of 
 Great Britain, in 1746-7 ; in 1761, Mar- 
 quis of Kildare ; and in 1766 Duke of 
 Leinster. That Nobleman was the 
 only Duke and the premier Marquis 
 and Earl in Ireland— a high and ex- 
 clusive rank which his successors still 
 enjoy. 
 
 LEITRIM, a county in the Pro 
 vince of Connaught, bounded on the 
 north by Donegal Bay and a part of 
 that county, on the north- east by Fer- 
 managh, on the east by Cavan, on the 
 south-east and south by Longford, 
 and on the south-west and west by 
 the counties of Roscommon and Sligo, 
 from the former of which it is sepa- 
 rated by the Shannon. According to 
 the Ordnance Survey the county from 
 north-north-west to south-south-east 
 
LEI OF IRELAND. LEI 
 
 is 5 I 5 statute miles, and varies from 5} 
 to 21 miles in breadth, having an ex- 
 tent of 657 square miles, or 420,375 
 English acres, of which 266,640 are 
 cultivated, 128,167 are unimproved 
 mountain and bog, and 25,568 are un- 
 der water. The county is divided 
 into the Baronies of Rossclogher and 
 Dromahaire on the north, Carigallen 
 on the south-east, Leitrim on the 
 south-west, and Mohill on the south. 
 The county is partly in the Diocese of 
 Ardagh, but chiefly in that of Kil- 
 more. 
 
 The outline of Leitrim is very irre- 
 gular, and the surface remarkably di- 
 versified. Numerous valleys, lakes, 
 and streams, abound throughout the 
 county. The principal lake is Lough 
 Allen — an expansion of the Shannon, 
 from the southern extremity of which 
 that river issues as a noble stream, 
 and in its course to the extremity of 
 the county has a fall of 30 feet, prin- 
 cipally occurring in the first seven 
 miles after leaving the lake. The 
 difficulty of the navigation is obviated 
 by the construction of the canal from 
 Drumshanbo to Battle- Bridge. An- 
 other canal about a mile in length 
 avoids the rapids between Jamestown 
 and Drumsna. The Shannon is cross- 
 ed by several bridges within the 
 county. 
 
 Many of the valleys of Leitrim are 
 picturesque, but the county i 3 gene- 
 rally bare of wood. There are no ex- 
 tensive demesnes of the nobility, and 
 the mansions of the resident gentry 
 are comparatively fewer than in the 
 adjoining counties. The neighbour- 
 hoods of Carigallen, Drumsna, Dro- 
 mahaire, and Manor-Hamilton, are the 
 best situated as it respects the coun- 
 try seats of the higher classes ; and 
 the shores of Loughs Melvin and Mac- 
 nean are ornamented by several beau- 
 tiful demesnes. The soil of Leitrim 
 is for the most part stiff, cold, and re- 
 tentive of wet even in the limestone 
 districts. The most fertile arable tracts 
 are along the Shannon, and the Rinn 
 and Bonnet rivers. Agriculture is in 
 a most primitive state; the loy , or 
 591 
 
 narrow-bladed spade, is used in the 
 remote districts ; and the potatoes are 
 frequently dibbled in with a pointed 
 stick called a stcveen. Leitrim is 
 chiefly a grazing county, and great 
 numbers of young stock of horned 
 cattle are reared on the plains of the 
 southern districts. The county is rich 
 in minerals, particularly iron and lead, 
 but in 1841 not a single mine was in 
 operation. The peasantry general- 
 ly speak the English language, and 
 are described as decent, industrious, 
 and peapeable; but they are very poor, 
 and inferior in physical advantages to 
 those of the midland counties. The 
 spinning and weaving of linens is 
 actively carried on; there area few 
 bleach-greens ; and the manufacture ! 
 of friezes, flannels, and woollen stuffs 1 
 for home consumption, is very con- | 
 siderable. The other trade consists 
 almost entirely in the sale of grain, 
 live stock, and dairy produce. The 
 remains of antiquity are comparative- 
 ly few and uninteresting. 
 
 The assizes for the county are held 
 at Carrick on- Shannon, at which is 
 the County Infirmary; and general 
 quarter -sessions are held at the same 
 town, Ballinamore, and Manor-Hamil- 
 ton, in all which places are Sessions- 
 Houses, Court-Houses, and Bride- 
 wells. Dispensaries are in all the 
 towns and villages. The county ex- 
 penses are levied by Grand Jury pre- 
 sentments, and the amount in 1835 
 was L. 15, 638. Leitrim returns two 
 Members to the Imperial Parliament ; 
 constituency in 1840-1, 1338; popula- 
 tion in 1831, 141,524. . j 
 
 LEITRIM, a Barony of the county 
 of its name, divided into five parishes, 
 and including the shire town of Car- 
 rick-on-Shannon, the favourite water- 
 ing place of Drumsna, and the village 
 of Cashcargin. This Barony gives 
 the title of Earl, in the Peerage of 
 Ireland, to the Noble Family of Cle- 
 ments, said to be descended from Al- 
 bert Clements, Marshal of France 
 about the end of the twelfth century. 
 Robert Clements, Esq., eldest son of 
 the Right Hon. Nathaniel Clements, 
 
LEI THE GAZETTEER LET 
 
 M.P., and Deputy Vice-Treasurer of 
 Ireland, was created Baron Leitrim of 
 Manor-Uamilton in 1783, Viscount 
 Leitrim in 1793, and Earl of Leitrim 
 in 1796. The family seats are Manor- 
 Hamilton in the county of Leitrim, 
 and Killadoon in Kildare county. The 
 poor village of Leitrim is three miles 
 from Carrick-on. Shannon, on the road 
 to Manor-Hamilton. Above this vil- 
 lage the Shannon is so narrow that 
 the canal cut was formed to complete 
 the navigation. 
 
 LEITRIM, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Condons and Clongib- 
 bons, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. Population in 1831, 2032. 
 
 ! Post-town, Kilworth. 
 
 LEITRIM, a parish, vicarage, and 
 ! village, in the Barony of its name, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Clonfert. Population in 1831, 1679. 
 Post-town, Portumna. 
 
 LEITRIM, a former military sta- 
 tion in the parish of Glendalough, 
 
 I county of Wicklow. 
 
 LEITRIM, a stream which enters 
 the sea north of the town of Wicklow 
 through the flat sandy tract called the 
 Murrough. This river is the Vartry, 
 which, after passing Ne wrath-Bridge, 
 and receiving a few minor streams, is 
 known as the Leitrim. 
 
 LEIXLIP, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of North Salt, county of 
 Kildare, and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The small town of Leixlip is delight- 
 fully situated on the Liffey, upwards 
 of eight Irish miles from Dublin on 
 the road to Maynooth. The Rye 
 falls into the Liffey at the head of the 
 town. Leixlip consists principally of 
 a good row of houses on each side of 
 the road, and the scenery from the 
 bridge is remarkably beautiful. The 
 situation of the Castle of Leixlip is 
 picturesque, on the densely wooded 
 banks of the Liffey, which is precipi- 
 tated over rocky ledges called the 
 Salnion Leap. Access to this roman* 
 tic locality lies through the fine 
 grounds of Weston. There are seve- 
 ral villas in the neighbourhood, the 
 i most conspicuous of which is Castle- 
 592 
 
 town, in the pleasure-grounds of 
 which is said to be the finest cedar of 
 Lebanon in Ireland. This mansion 
 is marked by the obelisk which crowns 
 the summit of an adjoining height. 
 The road crosses the Grand Canal a 
 little beyond Leixlip, and the Canal is 
 carried across the valley of the Rye 
 by an extensive aqueduct. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1159. 
 
 LENE (LOUGH), a lake in the 
 county of Westmeath. 
 
 LENEY, a Barony of the county 
 of Sligo, divided into seven parishes, 
 and abounding with mountains and 
 bogs. 
 
 LENEY, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy in the Barony of Corkaree, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 1479. 
 Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 LEOGHMACKIVOGE, a paro- 
 chial chapelry in the Barony of Elio- 
 garty, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. 
 
 LERHA. See Abbey-Laragh. 
 
 LERRIGS, a village in the parish 
 of Kilmoiley, county of Kerry, seven 
 miles from Tralee. 
 
 LESKINFERE, or Clough, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of Go- 
 rey, county of Wexford, and Diocese 
 of Ferns. Population in 1831, 1213. 
 
 LETTERFRACK, a poor strag- 
 gling village in the rocky district of 
 Galway, where the numerous little 
 valleys open into the Bay of Ballina- 
 kill. 
 
 LETTERKENN Y, a thriving town 
 in the parish of Conwall, county of 
 Donegal, chiefly consisting of a long 
 straggling street perched on the side 
 of a steep hill, about one mile from its 
 small harbour at the head of Lough 
 Swilly. This town is a kind of little 
 capital for the more northerly parts 
 of the county of Donegal, and carries 
 on a considerable export trade. Here 
 are the parish church, Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel, and three Presbyterian 
 meeting-houses. Fairs are held at 
 Letterkenny on the 2d and 30th of 
 January, 13th of March, 17th of April, 
 12th of May, 10th of July, 14th of Au- 
 
LIC OF IRELAND. LIF 
 
 gust, and 8th and 13th of November. 
 The Letterkenny Union Workhouse 
 was erected in 1842. Population in 
 1831, 2168. 
 
 LETTERLUNA, or Letter, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Ballybrit, Bang’s County, and 
 Diocese of Eallaloe. Population in 
 1831, 1000. 
 
 LETTERMACWARD, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Boylagh, county of Donegal, and Dio- 
 cese of Raphoe, on the Gweebarra 
 river. Population in 1831, 2039. Post- 
 town, Narin. 
 
 LETTERMORE, an inhabited 
 island off the coast of Galway in Kil- 
 kerran Bay. 
 
 LETTERMULLEN, an inhabited 
 island near Lettermore Island, coast of 
 Galway. 
 
 LET TER Y, a mountain in Galway 
 forming the front of the Binabola 
 group, rising on the north side of 
 Lough Ballynahinch. See Binabola. 
 
 LETTIKEEN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Burrishoole, county of Mayo. 
 
 LICKBLAGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Demifore, coun- 
 ty of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath, bounded on the north by 
 Lough Sheelin, and on the west by 
 Lough Kinnail and the Inny. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2066. Post-town, Cas- 
 tle-Pollard. 
 
 LICKERIG, or Lickrigg, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Baronies of 
 Athenry, Dunkellin, and Loughrea, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Clonfert. Population in 1831, 1161. 
 Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 LICKEY, a small tributary of the 
 Blackwater, in the county of Cork. 
 
 LICKFINN, also Lickflinn and 
 Godart' s-town , a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Slievar- 
 dagh, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 464. Post-town, Killenaule. 
 
 LICKMOLASSY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Long- 
 ford, county of Galway, and Diocese 
 of Clonfert, on the Shannon. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 5396. See Portumna. 
 
 593 
 
 LICKORAN, or Lawcoran, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba 
 rony of Decies- without- Drum, county 
 of Waterford, and Diocese of Lis- 
 more. Population in 1831, 529. 
 
 LIFFEY, or Anna-Liffey, rises on 
 the northern side of the Wicklow 
 Mountains, and running in a westerly 
 direction enters the county of Kildare 
 beyond Phoul-a-Phouca. It traverses 
 that county in a beautiful serpentine 
 course in a north direction, and en- 
 ters the county of Dublin at Leixlip. 
 The entire course of this picturesque 
 river is about 40 miles'. See Dub- 
 lin. 
 
 LIFFORD, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Raphoe, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 Derry. Lifford, the county town of 
 Donegal, is about two miles from Stra- 
 bane, and consists of two streets. 
 Although it contains the Court House, j 
 Jail, and other public offices of the 
 county, it is a poor place, and com- 
 pletely swamped by Strabane. It is 
 most inconveniently situated, as it re- 
 spects shire purposes, on the verge 
 of the county, on the banks of the 
 Foyle, below the junction of the Finn 
 and Mourne. This town, with 500 
 acres adjoining, was granted by James 
 1. to Sir R. Hansard, to whose de- 
 scendants a portion of the original 
 conveyance still belongs; but it was 
 the misfortune of Lifford to be always ! 
 neglected, and it was never a place of 
 any importance. A canal from Lough 
 Erne to the Foyle has been projected, 
 passing through Lifford, but it is not j 
 likely that such a public work will j 
 now be constructed. The road from 
 Lifford to Letterkenny is through the 
 finest parts of Donegal. The town 
 gives the title of Viscount, in the Peer- 
 age of Ireland, to the Noble Family of j 
 Hewit, descended from James Hewit, 
 Esq., an eminent member of the Eng- 
 lish Bar, and Judge of the Court of 
 King’s Bench. He was appointed 
 Lord High Chancellor of Ireland in 
 1767, on the following year he was 
 created Baron Lifford, and in 1781 
 Viscount Lifford. The family resi- 
 I 
 
LIM THE GAZETTEER LIM j 
 
 dence is Santry House, county of Dub- 
 lin. Population in 1831, 1096. 
 
 LIGANE, or Legane, a part of the 
 carps of the prebend of Glanworth, in 
 the Barony of Fermoy, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Post- 
 town, Mitchelstown. 
 
 LIGAYREGRA, or Slieve-Rus- 
 sel, a mountain in the county of Fer- 
 managh, which rises 1300 feet, at the 
 base of which is the small town of 
 Ballyconnell, very romantically situ- 
 ated. This mountain is termed Li- 
 gavregra in the Ordnance Survey. 
 
 LIGFORD-DRUM, a mountain in 
 the county of Londonderry, 1332 feet 
 above the level of the sea, near the 
 town of Strabane. 
 
 LIMBRICK, a village in the parish 
 of Kilkevan, county of Wexford. 
 
 LIMERICK, a Diocese in the Ar- 
 chiepiscopal Province of Dublin, com- 
 prises a large portion of the county 
 of Limerick and a part of the county 
 of Clare. It is computed to extend 
 34 statute miles in length, by 21 sta- 
 tute miles in breadth. This Diocese 
 is not affected by the act of 1833, which 
 annexed sundry of the Bishoprics. 
 The Chapter consists of the Dean, 
 Chanter, Chancellor, Treasurer, Arch- 
 deacon, and eleven Prebendaries, and 
 the Diocese is divided into five Rural 
 Deaneries. After the translation of 
 Bishop Edward Singe to Cork, the 
 united Sees of Ardfert and Aghadoe 
 were annexed to Limerick in 1663, 
 and have since continued under the 
 jurisdiction of the Bishop. The Dio- 
 cese of Limerick contains 88 parishes, 
 constituting in 1834 sixty-five bene- 
 fices ; parish churches, 42; Roman 
 Catholic chapels, 78 ; Dissenting meet- 
 ing- houses, 7. In that year the po- 
 pulation of the entire Diocese was 
 257,700, of whom 11,122 were mem- 
 bers of the Church of Ireland, and 
 246,302 were Roman Catholics; the 
 schools in the Diocese were 231, edu- 
 cating 11,475 young persons, five of 
 which schools were in connection 
 with the National Board of Educa- 
 tion. The See of Limerick is said to 
 have been founded by St Munchin, 
 594 
 
 who is respectively referred to the 
 sixth and seventh centuries, but none 
 of his successors are mentioned be- 
 fore the incumbency of Gille, or Gil- 
 bert, in the twelfth century, who is 
 alleged to have been the first who 
 exercised Legantine authority in Ire- 
 land, and who died Bishop of Lime- 
 rick about 1140. This Prelate is said 
 to have been the active agent in assi- 
 milating the Church of Ireland to the 
 Church of Rome. Three of his suc- 
 cessors, Harold, Torgesius, and Bric- 
 tius, are described as “ Ostmen.” 
 William Casey, deprived in 1556 and 
 restored in 1571, was the first Pro- 
 testant Bishop. One of the most dis- 
 tinguished of the Prelates who have 
 filled this See was Dr John Jebb, born 
 at Drogheda in 1775, a collateral de- 
 scendant of John De Witt, the cele- 
 brated Grand Pensionary of Holland. 
 He passed some of his juvenile years 
 at Leixlip, and was sent to a school at 
 Celbridge, two miles distant, from 
 which he was transferred to the Dio- 
 cesan School of Londonderry, and 
 afterwards to Trinity College, Dub- 
 lin. Bishop Jebb was consecrated to 
 the See of Limerick, in the Cathedral 
 of Cashel, in January 1823, and died 
 near London in December 1833. He 
 was buried in St Paul’s churchyard, 
 Clapham. A meeting was held at the 
 Palace, Limerick, in July 1834, for the 
 purpose of considering the best means 
 of perpetuating the memory of Bishop 
 Jebb, his successor, the Hon. and 
 Right Rev. Edmund Knox, D.D. in 
 the Chair. The works which Bishop 
 Jebb contributed to theological litera- 
 ture are well known. The Diocese 
 of Aghadoe comprehends the entire 
 county of Kerry and a part of Cork. 
 In 1834 it included 86 parishes, consti- 
 tuting 49 benefices ; parish churches, 
 35 ; Roman Catholic chapels, 88 ; 
 Dissenting meeting-houses, 8. The 
 See lands of the united Dioceses com- 
 prise 6720 acres, and the average an- 
 nual value of the three years preced- 
 ing 1832 was given at L.5368. In 1841 
 the episcopal income was stated to be 
 L.4973. The Palace is in the new 
 
LIM 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 LIM 
 
 part of the city of Limerick, overlook- 
 ing the Shannon. 
 
 LIMERICK, an inland county of 
 the Province of Munster, is bounded 
 on the west by the county of Kerry, 
 on the south by the county of Cork, 
 on the east by the county of Tipper- 
 ary, and on the north by the Shan- 
 non, which separates it from Clare, 
 except at the city of Limerick. It 
 extends from Abbey feale on the west, 
 to the boundary with Tipperary at 
 Gaultybeg, 54 statute miles ; and from 
 O’Brieu’s Bridge on the north, to 
 Knockea on the frontier of Cork, 35 
 statute miles. According to the 
 Ordnance Survey, the area is 1054 
 square miles, or 674,783 acres, of which 
 582,802 are cultivated, aud 91,981 are 
 unimproved mountain and bog. The 
 county is divided into the following 
 Baronies : — 1. Owneybegonthe north- 
 east ; 2. Clan william, south of Owney- 
 beg ; 3. Coonagh, south-east ; 4. Small 
 County ; 5. Coshma, south of Small 
 County ; 6. Coshlea, in the south- 
 eastern extremity of the county ; 7. 
 Pubblebrien, west of Clanwilliam ; 8. 
 Kenry, west of Pubblebrien ; 9. Lower 
 Connello ; 10. Upper Connello. Be- 
 sides these districts the county con- 
 tains the Liberty of Kilmallock, in 
 which is the old, long decayed, but 
 now revived town of that name. See 
 Kilmallock. 
 
 The county of Limerick consists 
 generally of an extensive undulating 
 plain, sloping towards the Shannon 
 on the north, and the southern and 
 western borders surrounded by con- 
 spicuous mountain groups and hilly 
 ranges. The rivers Maigue and Deel 
 traverse this plain from north to south 
 in nearly parallel courses, the basin 
 of the former embracing the eastern 
 and south-eastern division of the 
 county, and its chief feeders rising 
 among the mountains in the south- 
 eastern division of the county, which 
 are a continuation of the Gualtees 
 range, including the detached group 
 of the Castle-Oliver Hills, rising at a 
 short distance from the western ex- 
 tremity of the Gualtees. The Looba, 
 595 
 
 Star, Camogue, and other tributaries 
 of the Maigue, also water this plain. 
 One of the most striking features in 
 this extensive tract is Lough Gur, 
 midway between Six-Mile-Bridge and 
 BrufF ; and from the summit of Knock- 
 fennel, a hill rising from the basin of 
 the lake, a magnificent view is obtain- 
 ed of the surrounding plain, includ- 
 ing the greatest extent of arable 
 ground unencumbered with bog in 
 Ireland, bounded by a truly grand 
 amphitheatre of mountains. The 
 district w'est of the Maigue is of a si- 
 milar appearance, except a mountain- 
 ous tract which stretches westward 
 into Kerry. It is watered by the 
 Deel, and the lower courses of that 
 river and of the Maigue are through 
 a tract so flat that their respective 
 valleys are scarcely distinguishable ; 
 but much hilly land intervenes be- 
 tween their sources, especiiilly near 
 the town of Ballingarry, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of which are the steep ele- 
 vations of Knockfeemha and Kil- 
 meedy. The mountains rising in a 
 continuous ridge towards the valley 
 of the Deel are backed by groups run- 
 ning east and west, the valleys of 
 which are traversed by tributaries of 
 the Geale and Feale rivers, running 
 westward into Kerry. The valley of 
 the Deel upwards is between the 
 heights of Knockfeernha and Kilteery 
 on the east, and the high grounds of 
 Kerry county on the west ; and at the 
 northern extremity of the mountain 
 range is the detached hill of Knock- 
 patrick, between the small town of 
 Shanagolden and the Shannon. From 
 that town the surface westward is 
 rough and hilly, rising a few miles 
 distant from the Shannon into sterile 
 tracts of mountain and bog, which 
 extend south and west into the coun- 
 ties of Cork and Kerry, and computed 
 to form an area of not less than 900 
 square miles. Nearly in the centre of 
 this mountainous region, and in the 
 extreme south-west of the county, is 
 the village of Abbey feale. 
 
 In the north-eastern extremity of 
 the county is a mountain tract, be- 
 
LIM THE GAZETTEER LIM 
 
 tween which and the mountains on 
 the south the plain stretches west- 
 ward into Tipperary. The group on 
 the north-east is the eastern extre- 
 mity of the range which commences 
 at the Keeper Mountains, and its in- 
 ferior elevations in this county and 
 Tipperary, and terminates in the 
 Slievebloom range in the King’s 
 County. The Slieve-Phelim and Bil- 
 boa Mountains are those subordinate 
 portions of the Keeper group which 
 extend into the county and Tipperary, 
 their declivities, limiting the level dis- 
 trict, uniting both counties on the 
 north. The Slieve-Phelim Hills ge- 
 nerally extend from north-east to 
 south-west, and this is also the direc- 
 tion of the streams which issue from 
 them and enter the Bilboa, which 
 traverses the base of the Bilboa Moun- 
 tains, and all from the Mulkern, a 
 large stream entering the Shannon a 
 short distance above the city of Lime- 
 rick. Between the western declivity 
 of the Slieve-Phelim Hills and the 
 Shannon the surface is flat and boggy, 
 except on the banks of the Mulkern, 
 where it is fertile and picturesque. 
 The valley of the Shannon, in the di- 
 rection of the neat town of Castle- 
 Connell, is contracted by the Slieve- 
 Baughta range on the one side, and the 
 Keeper group on the other, and their 
 outlines and scenery are singularly 
 grand and impressive. 
 
 The Shannon retains its river ap- 
 pearance till it passes the bounds of 
 the county; nevertheless, it is conve- 
 nient for commercial purposes to an 
 equal length of sea-coast from Glin to 
 Limerick, a distance, including the 
 windings, of 35 miles. The improve- 
 ments of the Shannon will be of great 
 advantage to this county. According 
 to the Second Report of the Commis- 
 sioners, the sum to be expended from 
 Glin to the Maigue river, including 
 the works at Glin, Foynes Island, 
 Kilteery, Cahercon, or Kildysart, 
 Clare, Deel or Askeaton rivei’, and 
 the Maigue river, is L. 28, 270, which 
 is to be supplied by the public, the 
 proprietors, and the adjacent districts. 
 
 596 
 
 From Arthur’s Ferry, or Ilan-arone, 
 in the Limerick city part of the na- 
 vigation to Castle-Connell, and be- 
 yond that to O’Brien’s Bridge, the 
 Parteen Rapid, and other shoals in the 
 river between Errina and Cusane 
 Locks, the estimated sum is L.22,200, 
 supplied by the public and the adja- 
 cent counties and Baronies. See Shan- 
 non. 
 
 The principal roads diverging from 
 Limerick city to Clonmel, Cork, and 
 Tralee, are carried nearly in straight 
 lines over the great plain of the coun- 
 ty. Several new roads are formed, 
 especially one by Croom to Chari e- 
 ville and Cork, and those formed by 
 Government in 1829, through the 
 mountainous district of Abbeyfeale, 
 have been of great advantage to the 
 inhabitants. A railway from Dublin 
 through the city of Limerick to Tar- 
 bert in Kerry, along the southern 
 bank of the Shannon, is recommended 
 by the Commissioners appointed to 
 consider a general system of railways 
 for Ireland ; and a line is also propos- 
 ed, extending along the Suir, connect- 
 ing Limerick with Cahir and Clonmel, 
 on the great Railway from Dublin to 
 Berehaven in Bantry Bay. 
 
 The mountainous district on the 
 west of the county belongs to the 
 Munster coal tract, probably the most 
 extensive in Ireland. Iron, copper, 
 and lend, are found in various trap 
 protrusions, but in 1841 no mining 
 operations were in progress. Lime- 
 stone abounds, and several useful 
 minerals. As it respects agriculture, 
 the Golden Yale is a tract of remark- 
 able fertility, stretching westward out 
 of the county of Tipperary, from the 
 sources of the Maigue to the Mulkern, 
 and said to include an area of 160,000 
 statute acres, occupying the greater 
 part of the western plain of the coun- 
 ty. This valuable tract is equally 
 suited to grazing and tillage, but is 
 chiefly in pasture, and one acre is 
 considered sufficient to fatten the j 
 largest bullock and a sheep. But a 
 still richer soil is that of the tract ; 
 called the Corkasses, extending 15 
 
i LIM OF IRELAND. L1M 
 
 miles along the southern bank of the 
 Shannon, from below Limerick to the 
 debouch of the Deel. In this quarter 
 the greatest wheat crops grown in 
 Ireland are produced, and the potatoe 
 crops are often remarkably prolific. 
 In 1835 the number of barrels of 
 wheat, of 20 stone per barrel, sold in 
 the city of Limerick, Kilfinnan, New- 
 castle, Rathkeale, Shanagolden, Kil 
 mallock, Cahirass, Bruff, Greenville, 
 and Askeaton, amounted to 178,722; 
 oats, 337,491 barrels, of 14 stones per 
 barrel; barley, 37,477 barrels, of 19 
 stones per barrel. These sales did not 
 include Glin and Croom, for which no 
 returns were made, and even those 
 of Askeaton were deficient. The soil 
 of the remainder of the limestone 
 plain of the county is light, sweet, 
 well adapted for tillage, and yielding 
 1 the finest pasture for dairy cattle and 
 sheep ; but probably little more than 
 a fourth of the level district is under 
 cultivation, pasture and dairy farm- 
 ing being the principal avocations of 
 the inhabitants. Large quantities of 
 butter are made throughout the coun- 
 ty, and are sent to Limerick, and even 
 to Cork, for exportation. The Lime- 
 rick county butter is considered supe- 
 rior in the London market to that of 
 Cork, though it does not bring so 
 high a price as the butter of Belfast 
 and Carlow. The making of cheese 
 is greatly neglected, which is most 
 extraordinary, considering the advan- 
 tages of the county and the pursuits 
 of the people. The store farmers are 
 comparatively a wealthy class, and 
 some of them have often stocks of 
 from 400 to upwards of 600 head of 
 cattle, which they usually purchase 
 at Ballinasloe, and sell at the fairs 
 throughout the county attended by 
 the Cork buyers. Immense numbers 
 of pigs are reared by the dairy farm- 
 ers. Some localities of the county 
 are in repute for the excellence of the 
 cider, particularly that made from the 
 apple called the cackagee. 
 
 The manufactures of this county are 
 limited. Coarse woollens are made 
 for home consumption, and some 
 597 
 
 bleaching is carried on ; there are se- 
 veral paper-mills, and very large and 
 powerful corn-mills at Cahirass, As- 
 keaton, Corbally, Croom, Rathkeale, 
 Kilmallock, Greenville, and other 
 places. The condition of the pea- 
 santry is described as being much bet- 
 ter in the grazing than in the agricul- 
 tural districts, especially in the north 
 and south-east of the county, where 
 the subdivision of farms and the con- 
 acre system have a serious and pal- 
 pable effect in preventing improve- 
 ment. Although the absentee pro- 
 prietors are numerous, there are 
 nevertheless many resident landlords, 
 several of whom manage their own 
 farms, and practise the most approved 
 methods of green-cropping and stall- 
 feeding. The example of these gen- 
 tlemen has caused a considerable ad- 
 vance in the state of agriculture, and 
 in the breed and quality of stock. The 
 farms called the Palatines , in the 
 neighbourhood of Rathkeale, occu- 
 pied by the descendants of German 
 settlers, form a pleasing contrast to 
 the appearance of Irish farms in gene- 
 ral. Except about the seats and de- 
 mesnes of the higher classes this 
 county is very destitute of timber, 
 which evinces gross negligence, there 
 being plenty of waste land on which 
 fine plantations could be formed. 
 
 The antiquities of the county of Li- 
 merick are numerous and interesting. 
 On the western pinnacle of the hill of 
 Knockfennel, near Loch Gur, are ex- 
 tensive Cyclopean remains, and others 
 of a similar kind are in the vicinity. 
 Earthen raths, round towers, ruined 
 castles, and religious houses, stone 
 circles, and various supposed Druidi- 
 cal remains, abound in all parts. The 
 civil history is connected with the 
 O’Briens, and subsequently, after the 
 arrival of the English, wdth the Fitz- 
 geralds, Earls of Desmond. The final 
 forfeiture of the latter family took 
 place in 1586, in the person of Gerald 
 sixteenth Earl, whose estates in this 
 county alone consisted of 96,165 acres, 
 which were divided and given to 
 twelve English gentlemen, The >var 
 
LIM THE GAZETTEER LIM 
 
 which ensued throughout the Pro- 
 vince of Munster is detailed in the his- 
 torical work, entitled Hibernia Paca- 
 ta, generally ascribed to Sir George 
 Carew, afterwards Earl of Totness, 
 who minutely narrates the reduction 
 of the several strongholds of the in- 
 surgents in the county. When the 
 Rebellion broke out in 1641, the city 
 of Limerick, and all the castles, with 
 the exception of those of Lough Gur 
 and Askeaton, were easily possessed 
 by the rebels, who retained most of 
 them till the capture of Limerick by 
 the Parliamentary forces under Ireton 
 in 1651. The forfeitures which en- 
 sued almost changed the whole pro- 
 prietary, and the war of the Revolu- 
 tion terminated in farther forfeitures, 
 comprising 14,188 acres, of the esti- 
 mated value of L.61,470. The pea- 
 santry appeared in open insurrection 
 in 1762, 1786, and 1793, excited by se- 
 vere exactions of rack-rents, and num- 
 bers of the ringleaders were executed. 
 The county was quiet during the Re- 
 bellion of 1798, though the inclination 
 to agrarian disturbance still conti- 
 nued ; but in 1815, 1817, 1821, and 1822, 
 the peasantry rose in arms, and com- 
 mitted the most dreadful excesses. 
 These insurrections were finally sup- 
 pressed by the vigorous conduct of 
 the magistracy, assisted by a special 
 commission, after several conflicts 
 with the military, and a considerable 
 loss of life on both sides. Numbers 
 of the offenders were executed or 
 transported ; the failure of the crops 
 in 1823, in addition to the summary 
 justice rigorously inflicted, complete- 
 ly depressed the riotous tendencies of 
 the peasantry ; and the construction 
 of roads since 1829 in the mountain 
 districts has added to the public tran- 
 quillity. “ Limerick,” as Mr and Mrs 
 S. C. Hall appropriately observe, “ is, 
 in many respects, the most interest- 
 ing and important county in Munster, 
 not only in reference to the number 
 and magnificence of its ancient re- 
 mains, and its grand and picturesque 
 scenery, but also as regards those mo- 
 dern improvements in agriculture, 
 598 I 
 
 manufactures, and commerce, by 
 which it is rendered honourably con- 
 spicuous among the counties of the 
 south of Ireland.” 
 
 The county expenses are defrayed 
 by Grand Jury presentments, and the 
 assessment for 1835 was L.32,083, to 
 defray the public establishments, sa- 
 laries, the police, the construction cf 
 roads, and other works. The county re- 
 turns two members to the Imperial 
 Parliament; constituency in 1840-1, 
 2813 ; population in 1831, 248,801. 
 
 LIMERICK, the city, within the 
 county of the city, as the jurisdiction 
 is designated, is 94 Irish miles from 
 Dublin by Naas, Newbridge, Kildare, 
 Emo, Maryborough, Roscrea, Money- 
 gall, and Nenagb. By the Grand 
 Canal, Shannon Harbour, Banagher, 
 Portumna, and Killaloe, the city is 105 
 Irish miles from Dublin, and 12 miles 
 from Killaloe, between which the na- 
 vigation is partly river and partly 
 canal. The county of the city, exclu- 
 sive of the site of the town, includes 
 26,650 statute acres, of which the 
 North Liberties, comprising 1714 
 acres, are north of the Shannon, on 
 the Clare side; and the South Li- 
 berties, consisting of 14,753 acres, are 
 on the south side of the river sur- 
 rounded by the county of Limerick. 
 
 The City is situated on the north 
 side of the Shannon, at the head of 
 the estuary, and about 60 miles from 
 the Atlantic. It consists of the Old 
 Town, or English Town, the New 
 Town, or Irish Town, and the suburb 
 of Newtown-Pery, built in the 18th 
 century, the two latter separated from 
 the former by an arm of the Shannon. 
 The Old Town of Limerick is on 
 King’s Island, formed by the Shan- 
 non, about a statute mile in length 
 by from a fourth to half a mile in 
 breadth, lying nearly north and south. 
 The main stream of the Shannon, 
 nearly 500 yards broad, is on the west 
 side, and the smaller branch on the 
 east and south is called the Abbey 
 River. The site of Limerick was pro. 
 bably selected on account of it being 
 the first place at which the Shannon 
 
LIM OF IRELAND. LIM 
 
 is fordable above its debouch into 
 the Atlantic. It is now the third 
 city of importance in Ireland, rank- 
 ing next to Cork and Belfast ; and by 
 the inland navigation of the Upper 
 Shannon, it commands a water com- 
 munication with Dublin and all the 
 districts along the course and expan- 
 sions of that river — a distance, includ- 
 ing windings, of nearly 180 miles, ex- 
 clusive of the estuary of the Lower 
 Shannon. Vessels of 800 and even 
 1000 tons can approach within four 
 miles of the city, and those of 300 and 
 400 tons can load and discharge at its 
 quays. Parliament granted a large 
 sum for the improvement of these 
 quays, and the commerce of the city 
 will be considerably increased, when ■ 
 the alterations in the whole course of 
 the Shannon, as recommended by the 
 Commissioners, are effected. “ The 
 Port of Limerick,” the Commissioners 
 observe in their Second Report, “ even 
 in the present state of the navigation, 
 is accessible to vessels of considerable 
 burden, but the difficulties and dan- 
 gers to which they are subjected are 
 numerous, and ought, for the benefit 
 of the trading interests, to be remov- 
 ed. This is a question that affects 
 general considerations connected with 
 the Port itself, and the local, trading, 
 and shipping interests have deemed 
 increased accommodation at the city 
 to be of more importance than any 
 improvements in the sailing channels 
 leading to it. — Immediately below 
 Thomond Bridge, in the city of Li- 
 merick, the tidal waters of the Shan- 
 non meet an obstruction which occa- 
 sions a fall ; the river, therefore, from 
 Limerick partakes of the usual cha- 
 racter of an internal fresh water na- 
 vigation, with this one peculiarity, 
 that, excepting at certain falls and 
 shoals, very few of which are of great 
 magnitude, its whole course consists 
 of wide and deep waters, with banks 
 generally low, and subject to inunda- 
 tions.” 
 
 Limerick, long celebrated for its 
 gloves, lace, fishing-hooks, and, though 
 last, not least, its beautiful women, is 
 599 
 
 a place of great antiquity, and is said 
 to have been of some note in the fifth 
 century, when it was visited by St 
 Patrick. The Danes first attacked 
 it in A. D. 812, and in the middle of 
 that century, after being repeatedly 
 repulsed, they obtained possession of 
 the city. They appear to have been 
 active and enterprising, and carried 
 on some trade. The first fortifica- 
 tion of the island on which English 
 Town is situated is ascribed to the 
 Danes, and they were reduced and 
 rendered tributary to the kings of 
 Munster, by the celebrated monarch 
 Brien Boromhe. The first provost, 
 after the introduction of the English 
 government, was appointed in 1195. 
 King John visited Limerick in 1210, 
 and caused Thomond Bridge to be 
 erected over the Shannon, which was 
 still standing in 1838. The King also 
 ordered a castle to be built, and a mint 
 was established, to which he granted 
 by a charter very considerable privi- 
 leges. The city now began to pros- 
 per by the influx of English settlers, 
 but it received a check from Edward 
 Bruce and the Scotish invaders, who 
 burnt the suburbs in 1314, and it was 
 the rendezvous of Bruce’s Irish allies 
 in the winter of 1316. During this 
 century the suburb of Irish Town was 
 partly inclosed by walls, and in 1495 
 the fortifications were completed by 
 the erection of St John’s Gate. The 
 Tholsel, or Town House, had been 
 erected in 1449, and a vaulted pier, 
 which served both as a quay and a 
 battery, in 1500. The castle of Drom- 
 core, in Irish Town, consisted oft welve 
 towers, connected by high walls, and 
 surrounded by a fosse and outworks, 
 while towers defended the several 
 gates of this suburb. In addition to 
 King John’s Castle, which command- 
 ed the bridge into Clare county, the 
 wall which surrounded English Town 
 was strengthened by 24 towers in the 
 angles. 
 
 The city appears to have had its 
 own share of the vicissitudes caused 
 by the feuds, disturbances, and con- 
 flicts induced by the rebellions of the 
 
LIM THE GAZETTEER LIM 
 
 Earls of Desmond and other power- 
 ful chiefs in the fifteenth and six- 
 teenth centuries, during which it was 
 a well built and flourishing place. 
 Several religious houses, however, 
 had been founded at an early period. 
 The venerable Cathedral, dedicated 
 to St Mary, was founded by Donald 
 O’Brien, King of Munster, about the 
 time of the arrival of the English, 
 aud the same King built a house for 
 Black Nuns about 1174. A Friary, 
 under the invocation of St Alary and 
 St Edward the King, was founded by 
 a citizen named Simon Minor for 
 Canons-Regular of the Augustine 
 Order ; and a Dominican Friary was 
 built by Donagh Carbjreagli O’Brien, 
 King of Thomond, who was either 
 interred in it, or a cenotaph was 
 erected to his memory, on which his 
 statue was placed. One of the O’Bri- 
 ens also erected a Grey Friary in 
 Henry III.’s reign, the site of which 
 is now occupied by the County Court- 
 House and Infirmary. An Augusti- 
 nian Friary, called the House of the 
 Holy Cross, fouuded by an O’Brien 
 in the thirteenth century, stood near 
 Quay Lane; the Knights Templars 
 had a house in the city; and it is 
 said that a Franciscan Friary was also 
 erected on King’s Island. There 
 were several other religious establish- 
 ments in tii e vicinity. 
 
 At the Rebellion of 1641, Limerick 
 was seized by the Confederated Ro- 
 man Catholics under Lords Muskerry 
 and lkerrin, and in 1643 the fortifi- 
 cations of Irish Town were greatly 
 strengthened by the erection of tow- 
 ers and ramparts within St John’s 
 Gate. The Supreme Council of that 
 party removed to Limerick in 1646, 
 and constituted the city their head- 
 quarters. Here occurred those com- 
 motions, outrages, and displays of 
 bigotry and folly, on the part of the 
 adherents of the measures proposed 
 by the Papal Nuncio named Rinuc- 
 cini — a personage who established 
 printing-presses at Waterford and 
 Kilkenny for the purpose of disse- 
 minating those doctrines which he 
 600 
 
 conceived to be essential to the in- 
 terests of his master, and designated 
 by Dr O’Connor “ vile publications.” 
 As much of the proceedings of this 
 and subsequent periods belongs to 
 the public history of the times, it may 
 be merely stated that the Parliament- 
 ary army under Ireton appeared be- 
 fore the city early in 1651. The gar- 
 rison was then commanded by Gene- 
 ral O’Neil, who acquired considerable 
 military reputation for his defence of 
 Clonmel, and who fully sustained his 
 skill and courage during a close siege 
 of nearly six months. Ireton suc- 
 ceeded in taking the city, which was 
 surrendered, it is said, through the 
 treachery of Colonel Fennel, an offi- 
 cer of the garrison, who at a most 
 critical part of the siege enabled the 
 Parliamentary general to take posses- 
 sion of the forts of St John’s Tower 
 and Price’s Mill, and the cannon there- 
 on were turned against the town. 
 Fennel had previously betrayed the 
 important pass of Killaloe to the Par- 
 liamentary forces, by whom, notwith- 
 standing his services in their cause, 
 he was some months afterwards tried 
 for several murders, and hanged in 
 the city. Ireton signed the treaty on 
 the 27th of October 1651, granting to 
 the inhabitants their lives and pro- 
 perty, with the exception of 24 indi- 
 viduals specially named, among whom 
 was the Governor O’Neil. It is said 
 that the sufferings of the garrison and 
 citizens during the siege were most 
 severe ; and Ludlow states that the 
 troops who marched out of the city 
 had more the appearance of skeletons 
 than men, and that several of them 
 fell dead of the plague as they stag- 
 gered along, while many of the bo- 
 dies were left unburied in St Mary’s 
 churchyard, where the soldiers had 
 been ordered to deposit their arms. 
 On the 29th of November 1651 the 
 Parliament approved of the Articles 
 of Limerick, and they were so much 
 delighted with the result of the siege, 
 that they gave the messenger who 
 brought the tidings L.100, and order- 
 ed the following Sunday to be ob- 
 
L1M 
 
 served as a day of thanksgiving. On 
 the surrender of the city a search was 
 made for the prominent leaders of the 
 Roman Catholic party, who were ex- 
 empted from the protection of the 
 treaty. O’Dwyer, titular Bishop of 
 Limerick, escaped in the disguise of 
 a common soldier, and the brave Ge- 
 j neral O’Neil was saved by a majority 
 [ of only one in a second court-martial. 
 Terence Albert O’Brien, titular Bi- 
 shop of Emly, General Purcell, and 
 j one Francis Woulfe, a friar, were 
 I found concealed in the pest-house, 
 
 I tried by court-martial, and executed. 
 
 I Bishop O’Brien w r as one of the most 
 zealous “ soldiers” of the garrison. 
 “ He was,” says Dr Bourke, in his Hi- 
 bernia Dominic ana, “ so active in per- 
 suading the Irish to hold out against 
 Cromwell’s forces, that Ireton during 
 the siege offered him LAO, 000 to de- 
 sist from his exhortations, and quit 
 the city with a passport to any other 
 kingdom. He bore the sentence with 
 resignation, and behaved to his last 
 moments with manly fortitude. He 
 addressed Ireton with a prophetic spi- 
 rit, accusing him of the highest injus- 
 tice, threatening him with life for life, 
 and summoning him to the tribunal 
 of God in a few days. He was exe- 
 cuted on the eve of All-Saints’ Day, 
 and his head was fixed on a spike at 
 the top of a tower near the centre of 
 the city.” He died with great forti- 
 tude, but General Purcell was so weak 
 that two soldiers were obliged to sup. 
 port him at the place of execution. 
 Ireton himself caught the plague a 
 few days afterwards, and died at Lime- 
 rick on the 26th of November 1651. 
 
 The re-establishment of the Eng- 
 lish Government after this siege re- 
 stored tranquillity to Limerick, and 
 a considerable number of Protestants 
 settled in it; but the accession of 
 James II. deprived them of influence, 
 and induced many of them to retire. 
 After the battle of the Boyne the Duke 
 of Tyrconnel established his vice-regal 
 court in the city, which was sum- 
 moned to surrender by William III. 
 early in August 1690. Limerick was 
 601 
 
 LIM 
 
 on this memorable occasion well for- 
 tified by walls, batteries, and ram- 
 parts, defended by its castle and cita- 
 del ; and the English Town in parti- 
 cular was considered impregnable. 
 The flower of the Irish army was in 
 the city and neighbourhood, a French 
 fleet was in the Shannon below the 
 town, and the counties of Clare and 
 Galway were completely open for 
 supplies. The Duke of Berwick and 
 General Sarsfield commanded for King 
 James, and the French General Boi- 
 leau was at the head of the garrison, 
 which, notwithstanding their num- 
 bers, were little disposed to act in 
 concert, from the jealousy of the 
 French and Irish commanders, which 
 extended to the French and Irish 
 troops, whose contempt and hatred 
 of each other were openly avowed. 
 The garrison, however, refused to 
 surrender, and William III., who had 
 arrived at Cahirconlish on the 7th 
 of August, opened his fire, after some 
 skirmishing, on the 9th. Sarsfield, 
 whom King James had created Earl 
 of Lucan, and who was intimately ac- 
 quainted with every pass in the moun- 
 tains, had previously intercepted and 
 destroyed King William’s heavy ar- 
 tillery on their way from Dublin by 
 Cashel, by filling the guns with pow- 
 der to the muzzle, half burying them 
 in the earth, and, collecting the other 
 stores around them, he formed an im- 
 mense pile, to which a train was laid, 
 and the shock produced by the explo- 
 sion was felt in the camp of William. 
 This exploit was achieved by a force 
 of only 500 men, and prevented the 
 construction of an effective battery 
 till the 17th, by which day artillery 
 had been obtained from Waterford. 
 A practicable breach was made on the 
 26th, between St John’s Gate and the 
 Black Battery ; and on the following 
 day the besiegers, led by the British 
 grenadiers, twice gained the counter- 
 scarp, and were as often driven back ; 
 but at the third attempt a consider- 
 able body of William’s troops forced 
 their way into the town. One divi- 
 sion of them, however, was disorgan- 
 3 E 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
LIM 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 LIM 
 
 ized, and almost entirely destroyed by 
 the intentionally blowing up the Black 
 Battery, in which was a magazine, 
 and among its ruins lay the bodies of 
 an entire regiment of Brandenburgh- 
 ers. The other division was assailed 
 with dreadful fury by a mixed mass 
 of soldiers, citizens, and women, and 
 was almost to a man exterminated. 
 After a struggle of four hours the 
 besiegers were forced to retire to 
 their trenches, with from 1700 to 2000 
 killed and wounded, and on the 30th 
 of August they dismantled their bat- 
 teries, raised the siege, and retreated 
 to Clonmel. Rapin the Historian was 
 a lieutenant in General Douglas’ re- 
 giment at this siege, and was wounded 
 in the shoulder on the day before the 
 siege was raised. His brother was 
 shot through the body. 
 
 King William shortly afterwards 
 embarked for England at Duncannon 
 Fort, and left the conduct of the war 
 to Generals Solmes and Ginckel. The 
 successful siege of Athlone, and the 
 decisive victory at Aughrim over St 
 Ruth, enabled General Ginckel to 
 turn his attention to Limerick; and on 
 the 25th of August he concentrated 
 his forces on the south side of the 
 river before the city, now the only 
 place which held out for King James 
 in Ireland. On the 30th General Ginc- 
 kel opened his batteries, the fire 
 against the English Town being di- 
 rected from one of ten field pieces 
 for hot shot on the left, by another 
 of 25 heavy cannon on the right, and 
 by eight mortars on the centre. A 
 fort, taken early in the siege, and a 
 battery on the south-west, cannon- 
 aded the Irish Town. The siege last- 
 ed six weeks, and Ginckel’s troops 
 gained comparatively little advantage, 
 the empty boast of General Lauzun 
 being completely exposed — that he 
 would take the city with roasted ap- 
 ples ! On the 15th of September a 
 force was detached by a pontoon 
 bridge over the Shannon, to cut off all 
 communication with the county, of 
 Clare, which was successfully effect- 
 ed. The only remarkable incident 
 602 
 
 which occurred during this second 
 siege, at which Dean Story, who wrote 
 an account of it, was actively engag- 
 ed as chaplain to the army, was the 
 slaughter of 600 Irish on Thomond’s 
 Bridge on the 22d of September, oc- 
 casioned by the treachery or incapa- 
 city of a French major. In addition 
 to that loss, 150 were drowned in at- 
 tempting to reach the walls by swim- 
 ming. This misfortune contributed to 
 the surrender of the city, combined 
 with the want of provisions, the non- 
 arrival of succours from France, and 
 the works of the besiegers every- 
 where pushed close to the walls. On 
 the 23d of September a cessation of 
 hostilities took place, and articles of 
 capitulation were sanctioned after a 
 few days. On the 3d of October the 
 celebrated Treaty qf Limerick, which 
 consisted of two parts, civil and mi- 
 litary, was signed. The civil articles 
 were thirteen in number ; the first 
 and ninth of which have since caused 
 much discussion. The ninth gua- 
 ranteed to the Roman Catholics the 
 same privileges they enjoyed in the 
 reign of Charles II. It is said by tra- 
 dition that this famous document was 
 signed by both parties on a large stone 
 near Thoraond Bridge, on the Clare 
 side of the river, which is locally de- 
 signated the Treaty Stone , and is an 
 object of interest both to the citizens 
 and strangers. A medal was struck 
 to commemorate the surrender, 
 which, among other curious devices, 
 represented the city closely besieged, 
 with bombs flying into it ; the busts 
 of William and Mary, a figure of Fame 
 sounding a trumpet, and appropriate 
 Latin inscriptions round it, one of 
 which is, “ Limerica capta, Hibernia 
 subacta, Octobris 1691.” The garri- 
 son were allowed to march out with 
 arms, baggage, and colours flying, 
 and were tendered the option of enter- 
 ing King William’s service or retir- 
 ing to France. Of 14,000 men thus 
 situated, 11,000 went on board the 
 French fleet, which arrived two days 
 after the signing of the treaty, and 
 these formed the nucleus of the Irish 
 
LIM OF IRELAND. LIM 
 
 Brigade, afterwards celebrated in the 
 wars of Europe. The articles of the 
 treaty were ratified by King William 
 in February 1692, and on the 3d of 
 March it was announced by procla- 
 mation that peace was restored to Ire- 
 land. But for upwards of 50 years 
 afterwards Limerick was an object of 
 distrust to the British Government. 
 Even in 1750 the city had seventeen 
 gates, and several regiments were al- 
 ways stationed in it. In the state- 
 ment of the military arrangements of 
 Ireland transmitted from Dublin to 
 the secretary of the Chevalier St 
 George, or the Pretender, as he was 
 called, in 1726, twenty-two companies 
 of English Protestant soldiers and fo- 
 reigners are mentioned as the garrison 
 of Limerick, 
 
 On the 4th of October 1691, when 
 General Talmash marched in and took 
 possession of Irish Town, he found it 
 almost a mass of ruins — “ the works 
 exceedingly strong, and the town 
 dirty.” The city, however, slowly re- 
 covered the disasters of the sieges ; 
 in 1696 the streets were lighted with 
 lamps at the expense of the mayor ; 
 on the following year the castle in 
 Irish Town was taken down, and a 
 Market-House erected on its site ; and 
 in 1717, the Abbey River branch of the 
 Shannon was partly quayed, the south 
 side of which was farther extended in 
 1766. About 1760 several new roads 
 were formed, and the canal was com- 
 menced rendering the Shannon navi- 
 gable to Killaloe. The Irish Parlia- 
 ment granted the sum of L.19,500 to 
 this work, which in 1768 was com- 
 mitted to the management of a Com- 
 pany, with an additional sum of 
 L.10,000. At this period the walls of 
 the city were taken down to make 
 room for its increase and extension. 
 As the communication between Eng- 
 lish Town and Irish Town had long 
 been by a narrow bridge encumbered 
 with houses, a commodious bridge 
 was erected between them, in 1761, 
 by a Dutchman named Usulle; and 
 near it, in 1769, was built the Custom 
 House, a handsome structure, which 
 603 
 
 cost L.8000, at the end of the bridge 
 leading from English Town into New- 
 town-Pery, fronting the main river on 
 the south side. In 1769 the houses of 
 the Irish Town began to extend in this 
 quarter, on an elevated tract called 
 South Prior’s Land, now Newtown- 
 Pery, the best built part of Limerick, 
 and one of the most elegant towns in 
 Ireland, forming, at the present time, 
 the most important portion of the city. 
 This division receives its name of New- 
 town-Pery in compliment to the Noble 
 Family of Pery, Earls of Limerick. 
 The contrast between it and English 
 Town and Irish ^own is so striking, 
 that tlie stranger would almost ima- 
 gine himself in different cities — the 
 one all elegance, and the other decay 
 and misery. English Town has been 
 deserted by the wealthier classes, and 
 is daily becoming more squalid. Irish 
 Town is better built and inhabited, 
 but it has no frontage to the river, 
 which gives Newtown-Pery its great 
 advantage in locality and external ap- 
 pearance. There is a considerable sub- 
 urb on the Clare side of St John's 
 Bridge, at that end which was defend- 
 ed by the old Castle of Thomond. 
 Within the remains of King John’s 
 Castle is the Barrack, consisting of 
 three sides of a square, and containing 
 accommodation for 400 men. In Irish 
 Town are the Artillery and Infantry 
 Barracks for about 1600 men. 
 
 Although English Town, or the Old 
 Town of Limerick, has been deserted 
 by the wealthier citizens, and its streets 
 are very narrow and irregular, it con- 
 tains several important public build- 
 ings. St Mary’s Cathedral is a vene- 
 rable huge heavy-looking structure, 
 on the site of the Castle of O’Brien, 
 King of Munster. It measures 156 feet 
 by 114 feet, having a square embattled 
 tower, 120 feet high, from the summit 
 of which is the only magnificent view 
 of the various objects of interest in the 
 neighbourhood, as there are no hills ad- 
 jacent. A romantic tradition is con- 
 nected with the bells of this Cathedral, 
 the substance of which is, that they 
 were cast in Italy by a native, who sold 
 
LIM THE GAZETTEER [LIM 
 
 them to the prior of a convent in his 
 vicinity, and the maker had the plea- 
 sure of hearing them daily toll, hav- 
 ing taken up his abode in a cottage 
 near the convent, where he spent 
 many years of happiness. In his old 
 age he became a sufferer in one of 
 those civil or foreign broils, which 
 were long the scourge of his country, 
 the convent was destroyed, and the 
 bells carried off to a foreign land. The 
 Italian discovered that his favourite 
 chimes were in Limerick Cathedral, 
 and embarked in a vessel for the 
 Shannon. He arrived near the city 
 on a beautiful evening, and procured 
 a boat to land, -in which he placed 
 himself. “ On a sudden,” according 
 to the legend, “ amid the general still- 
 ness, the bells tolled from the Cathe- 
 dral ; the rowers rested on their oars ; 
 and the vessel went forward with the 
 impulse it had received. The aged 
 Italian looked towards the city, cross- 
 ed his arms, and lay back on his seat ; 
 home, happiness, early recollections, 
 friends, family — all were in the sound, 
 and went with it to his heart. When 
 the rowers looked round, they beheld 
 him with his face still turned towards 
 the Cathedral, but his eyes were clos- 
 ed, and when they landed they found 
 him dead.” 
 
 In the north of English Town, on 
 an elevated open platform overlook- 
 ing the Shannon, is St Munchin’s 
 Church, supposed to have been the 
 former Cathedral. The Exchange, 
 built in 1778, has a commodious hall 
 and elegant portico. The City Court 
 House is near the Abbey River, and 
 the County Court House, a very hand- 
 some quadrangular edifice, of hewn 
 stone, with a fine portico of four Ro- 
 man Doric columns, erected in 1808, 
 at the expense of L.12,000, is near the 
 main stream of the Shannon. The 
 City Jail is also in this quarter. 
 
 The chief public buildings in Irish 
 Town are the Corn and Butter Mar- 
 kets, the Linen Hall, and the Fever 
 Hospital. The Custom House, erected 
 in 1769, is already mentioned. The 
 Chamber of Commerce was built in 
 604 
 
 1805 ; and on Charlotte Quay, east of 
 the new bridge leading intoNewtown- 
 Pery, is the Assembly House, erect- 
 ed in 1770, at the cost of L.4000, and 
 latterly used as a Theatre. An ele- 
 gant square stands at the northern ex- 
 tremity of Harrington Street, and 
 between George Street and the Mili- 
 tary Walk is a fine crescent. In the 
 southern suburbs are the Coupty Jail 
 and Lunatic Asylum. The former 
 was erected in 1821, at the expense of 
 L.25,000, and consists of a central 
 polygonal tower 60 feet high, sur- 
 rounded by five diverging ranges of 
 prison buildings, and having an ele- 
 gant Doric entrance in front. The 
 Lunatic Asylum was opened in 1821, 
 and is an extensive though plain radi- 
 ating collection of edifices, erected at 
 the cost of L. 29,856. 
 
 Thomond Bridge has been rebuilt 
 by the Corporation since 1838, at the 
 cost of L. 12,600, of which the sum of 
 L.9000 was procured as a loan from 
 the Board of Works. The former 
 old bridge, which was a complete level, 
 consisted of fourteen arches, and ac- 
 cording to tradition, the original ex- 
 pense was only L.30. It is said that 
 marks of the hurdles on which it was 
 erected were long, and probably still 
 are, visible. The present renovated 
 bridge crosses the main arm of the 
 Shannon from English Town. Wel- 
 lesley Bridge, a magnificent structure, 
 uniting the New Town with the Clare 
 side of the river, from designs by the 
 late Mr Alexander Nimmo, was com- 
 menced in 1824, and cost L.60,000. It 
 has five elliptic arches, each 70 feet 
 span, and the level roadway is pro- 
 tected by an open balustrade. Ball’s 
 Bridge is now replaced by one of a 
 beautiful single arch. Park Bridge 
 crosses the Abbey River higher up. 
 Athlunkard Bridge is from designs of 
 Messrs Paine. 
 
 West of the New Bridge, as it is still 
 called, though built in 1761, the quays 
 extend from the area in front of the 
 Custom House, round a basin, be- 
 tween the confluence of the Abbey 
 River with the main stream of the 
 
LIM OF IRELAND. LIM 
 
 Shannon and Wellesley Bridge. The 
 passage for vessels is by a lateral cut 
 at the south end of the bridge. West 
 of Wellesley Bridge the quays extend 
 three quarters of a mile, terminating, 
 in 1841, at Kelly's Quay beside the 
 Gas Works. Behind this, the New 
 Town stretches, in a series of wide and 
 elegant streets, crossing each other at 
 right angles, to the confines of Irish 
 Town, on the one side, and to the ele- 
 vated site of the new Barracks on the 
 other. It is intended to construct a 
 weir at Kelly’s Quay, with locks on 
 each side, and a foot-bridge above, 
 which would give a depth of from 16 
 to 18 feet in that part of the river, ex- 
 tending from a little below Thomond 
 Bridge to the projected dam. It is* 
 also proposed to deepen the Shannon 
 along its southern bank, west of the 
 Wellesley Bridge, and to convert the 
 irregular series of wharfs into a con- 
 tinuous line of quays, at the estimated 
 expense of L.53,730. The Port of 
 Limerick is under the control of Com- 
 missioners appointed by the Act of 
 1823, and they have already obtained 
 loans, amounting to L.55,384 from Go- 
 vernment, for the purpose of improv- 
 ing the river by the construction of 
 floating docks. Their revenue, in 
 1840, averaged upwards of L.1500 per 
 annum. 
 
 The city of Limerick consists of the 
 parishes of St Mary, St Michael, St 
 Munchin, St Nicholas, and St John. 
 The churches, Roman Catholic cha- 
 pels, and Dissenting meeting-houses, 
 are numerous. In 1834 there were 37 
 day schools in the parishes, educating 
 2635 young persons, one of which is a 
 Diocesan School, supported by the 
 clergy of the Diocese ; four were paro- 
 chial, seven were free schools, and two 
 were in connection with the National 
 Board of Education ; but since that year 
 several large schools have been open- 
 ed. The Nuns of the Presentation Con- 
 vent, and the Monastic Society called 
 the Christian Brothers, support, re- 
 spectively, a school, the former for 
 females, and the latter for males. 
 The Dominican, Augustinian, and 
 605 
 
 Franciscan Friaries, are prominent 
 objects in the city. The Limerick 
 Institution was founded in 1809, and 
 has a Library of several thousand vo- 
 lumes. In 1841 four newspapers 
 were published weekly in the city, one 
 of which, the Limerick Chronicle , is 
 considered a great authority both in 
 Great Britain and Ireland, in military 
 movements, and other affairs connect- 
 ed with the Army. 
 
 The Charitable Institutions of Lime- 
 rick are very numerous, and under 
 excellent management. Besides the 
 Free Schools, County Hospital, and 
 Lunatic Asylum, there are the House 
 of Industry, founded in 1774; the Fever 
 and Lock Hospital, said to be the first 
 Institution of the kind in the United 
 Kingdom, founded by Lady Harstonge 
 in 1781 ; the Lying-in Hospital, open- 
 ed in 1812 ; the Alms-Houses, endow- 
 ed by Dr Jeremy Hall in the early 
 part of the eighteenth century ; the 
 Corporation Alms-Houses, for reduced 
 Widows ; the St George’s Widows’ 
 Asylum; Mrs Villiers’ Alms-Houses 
 for Widows, erected in 1826 ; Dispensa- 
 ries, and numerous minor Charities. 
 The Protestant Orphan Friend’s So- 
 ciety was founded in 1833, and the Re- 
 port of 1840 stated the income at L.769, 
 the expenditure at L.720, supporting 
 215 orphans of clergymen, physicians, 
 schoolmasters, and of persons of al- 
 most every profession in the city and 
 county. The children are located 
 with respectable matrons in various 
 parts of the city and neighbourhood, 
 who receive monthly payments, and 
 are superintended in every parish by 
 a committee of ladies. Barrington’s 
 Hospital and City of Limerick Infir- 
 mary was founded and erected by Sir 
 Joseph Barrington, Bart., and his 
 sons, Matthew (Crown-Solicitor, from 
 whom the funds were principally de- 
 rived), Daniel, Croker, and Samuel 
 Barrington, at their sole expense, for 
 the poor of their native city. This 
 commodious building was completed 
 in 1829, incorporated by Act of Parlia- 
 ment in 1830, by which it is consider- 
 ed to be the City of Limerick Infirmary, 
 
LIM THE GAZETTEER LIM 
 
 and opened for patients in 1831. The 
 Barrington family and their heirs-male 
 are Governors for life, as are also do- 
 nors of L.21 ; subscribers of I..3, 3s. are 
 annual Governors, and from all these 
 a Committee of thirteen are chosen. 
 In 1 832 the ravages of the cholera in- 
 duced the Board of Health to apply for 
 it to the Governors for the use of pa- 
 tients ; but in 1833 it again reverted to 
 its original purposes, for medical and 
 surgical treatment. The Hospital 
 cost the Barrington family nearly 
 L. 10,000. It is not very creditable to 
 the citizens, however, that this truly 
 excellent institution, a splendid mo- 
 nument of private munificence, should 
 languish for want of funds, although 
 there is no other City Infirmary. In 
 1840 the available resources were only 
 L.600, of which the sum of L.200 was 
 obtained from Grand Jury present- 
 ments, L.89 by a Government grant, 
 L.lll by subscriptions, and L.200 by 
 occasional sermons. The Infirmary 
 was also L.I500 in debt. “In a so 
 flourishing city,” observe Mr and Mrs 
 S. C. Hall, “ hundreds are turned 
 from the door of this benevolent In- 
 stitution, chiefly heads of families, 
 whose deaths send an increase of pau- 
 pers over the country. If the houses 
 of the New Town of Limerick would 
 subscribe but ten shillings each house 
 per annum, incalculable good could 
 be rendered by this valuable Institu- 
 tion.” 
 
 The establishment in Limerick 
 called the Mont de Piete , or Chari- 
 table Pawn Office, deserves a distinct 
 notice, because, although now extend- 
 ed to many towns of Ireland, it origi- 
 nated in this city. Matthew Barring- 
 ton, Esq., Crown-Solicitor, son of Sir 
 Joseph Barrington, Bart., and the 
 principal founder of the Hospital and 
 Infirmary, resolved to introduce the 
 system of Monts de Piete, successfully 
 practised in many of the principal ci- 
 ties and towns on the Continent, into 
 Ireland. The objects of these Insti- 
 tutions are to protect the poor from 
 enormous exactions of pawnbrokers, 
 by lending money upon pledges at a 
 60S 
 
 very low rate of interest, and abolish- 1 
 ing the charge for tickets; and also, in ' 
 the particular case of Limerick, to dis- 
 tribute among the poor the sums thus 
 raised, by extending the benefits of 
 the Hospital and Infirmary for their 
 relief. Mr Barrington explained his 
 views to some of the leading citizens in 
 1836, and the project was unanimous- 
 ly adopted. A joint stock capital was 
 formed by the issue of debentures, 
 bearing the legal interest in Ireland of 
 six per cent., and varying from L.5 to 
 L.500 ; and in 1837 a very elegant edi- 
 fice, one of the principal ornaments of 
 the city, was erected for conducting 
 the business of the new company. 
 Some idea may be formed of the ex- 
 tent of the transactions of this excel- 
 lent institution from the following 
 statement. In 1837 the amount lent 
 in pledges was L. 14, 130; amount re- 
 ceived for released articles, nearly 
 L.9668; gross profits, L.335. In 1838, 
 sum lent, L.17,885; amount released, 
 L. 16,923; gross profit, L. 1074. In 1839, 
 sum lent, L.21, 091 ; amount released, 
 L. 20, 727 : gross profit, L.l 172. In 1840, 
 amount lent, L.25,488; amount releas- 
 ed, L.71,005; gross profit, L.1357. 
 Total of amount lent, L.78,594; of 
 sum released, L.7l,003; of gross profit, 
 L.3940. As no tickets are charged at 
 this establishment, it is calculated 
 that the sum of L.2431 was saved to 
 the very poorest of persons on the 
 bare item of tickets during those four 
 years. Respecting the ticket system, 
 the following note in Mr and Mrs S. 
 C. Hall’s Ireland admirably explains 
 the whole matter, and it is purposely 
 transferred into the present work to 
 give it additional publicity. “ In order 
 to test this source of profit, Mr Bar- 
 rington, on the 15th of October 1836, 
 pawned twenty- five articles at the 
 offices of twenty-five pawnbrokers of 
 Limerick. In one office he found the 
 number to be 92,119 ; and on the 22d 
 he also pledged in the same office, and 
 it was then 93,400, which, if he de- 
 ducted the first number from the last, 
 leaves the number taken in one week 
 to be 1281, or 65,612 pledges in one 
 
LIM 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 LIM 
 
 year, leaving to the pawnbroker, for 
 | tickets alone, in one year, the sura of 
 I L.277, 1 Is., and this was counting each 
 I ticket at hut one penny. He pawned 
 ! again on the 28th of October, at the 
 | same office, and found the numbers 
 j increased to 94,560, giving to that 
 office from Saturday to Friday (five 
 days) 1160 pledges, or L.4, 16s. 8d. for 
 tickets alone. The price of the ticket 
 varies according to the value of the 
 article, from one penny to fourpence, 
 and he had calculated the price of the 
 tickets in this one pawn office alone 
 to amount in the year to L.277, 11s., 
 counting each ticket at but one penny. 
 The deposits in a week, in twenty-five 
 offices, amounted to 14,153, and in the 
 year to 735,956, making L.3066 profit 
 for tickets only. The cost for paper 
 and printing all these tickets was not 
 more than L.37 ! — Since the founda- 
 tion of the Institution, although its 
 profits have been considerable, the ef- 
 fects it has produced upon the social 
 and moral condition of Limerick city 
 and county, for persons apply to it from 
 distant parts, is already prodigious ; 
 the saving to the poor has been im- 
 mense ; and even the money they do 
 pay for assistance will be hereafter 
 returned to them in their time of still 
 greater need, when disease aggravates 
 the evils of poverty.” 
 
 In 1841 the Branch Banks in Lime- 
 rick were those of the Bank of Ire- 
 land, the Provincial Bank of Ireland, 
 and the National Bank of Ireland. A 
 Savings’ Bank is also in operation. 
 The Port of Limerick is the grand 
 national outlet for the produce of the 
 greater part of the counties of Lime- 
 rick, Clare, Tipperary, Cork, and 
 Kerry. The exports chiefly consist 
 of grain, provisions, feathers, spirits, 
 and other commodities ; the principal 
 imports are tobacco, sugar, fish, tea, 
 iron, and coals. In 1835 the total 
 value of the exports amounted to 
 L. 726, 430 ; imports, L.323,740. In 1836 
 the return of goods carried from Lime- 
 rick and shipped at Dublin by the 
 Shannon and Grand Canal for Liver- 
 pool, was, wheat, 289 tons (in 1834 it 
 607 
 
 I was 1218 tons); flour, 7158 tons; oat- 
 meal, 1156 tons; butter, 12,796 firkins. 
 In 1837 the total quantity of agricul- 
 tural produce carried by inland con- 
 veyances into Limerick was estimated 
 at 232,000 tons, of which 60,000 tons 
 were for exportation; and the total 
 quantity conveyed from the city 
 amounted to 32,400 tons, including 
 
 15.000 tons of imported goods. In 
 1841 nearly 100 vessels were registered 
 belonging to the port; in 1835 the 
 number of vessels entered inwards 
 was 548; tonnage, 66,184; cleared out- 
 wards, 592; tonnage, 70,327. Inthatyear 
 the customs amounted to L. 142,636, 
 and the excise duties to L. 71,616 ; at 
 the year ending December 5, 1840, the 
 customs increased to L.169,490. The 
 chief fuel is turf, of which, in 1841, 
 nearly 70,000 tons were consumed, 
 and the annual import of coals and 
 culm may probably be estimated at 
 
 40.000 tons, of which a great quantity 
 is for country consumption. The 
 trade through the Shannon and Grand 
 Canal is extensive and increasing, and 
 the passenger traffic on the same line, 
 as well as from the city downwards, is 
 very considerable, and annually im- 
 proving. 
 
 Limerick contains several brewer- 
 ies, distilleries, small iron-foundries, 
 cooperages, tanneries, paper-mills, 
 shipbuilding-yards, and other me- 
 chanical establishments. The glove 
 trade, formerly celebrated in the city, 
 has now declined, and those articles 
 sold as Limerick gloves are actually 
 manufactured at Cork. Some busi- 
 ness is done in the making of fishing- 
 hooks, which are of prime steel, and 
 each hook separately is so complete- 
 ly tempered that it does not bend, 
 and very rarely is broken. These 
 hooks have been greatly improved, 
 bring a high price, and are exported 
 in large quantities to America. Lime- 
 rick lace has now obtained a high 
 celebrity. This beautiful manufac- 
 ture was introduced into the city in 
 1829 by Mr Walker, an English gen- 
 tleman. In 1840 there were three ex- 
 tensive lace factories in the city, in 
 
 
LIM 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 LIS 
 
 which about 1700 females, from eight 
 to thirteen years of age, were employ- 
 ed in the various branches as tarn- 
 bourers, runners, darners, menders, 
 washers, muslin embroiderers, fram- 
 ers, lace open- workers, and finishers. 
 In the city is also a large provision 
 establishment, the buildings of which 
 cover three acres, and at least the 
 sum of L. 200, 000 is annually expended. 
 The powerful and extensive Lock- 
 Mills, in which were the first machines 
 used in Ireland for separating bran 
 from flour, and also for separating 
 each qualitjkof flour, are close to the 
 city, on the banks of the Canal. 
 
 The expenses of the county of the 
 city are defrayed by Grand Jury Pre- 
 sentments, but the parish of St Munch- 
 in, which contains the whole of the New 
 Town, is exempted from Grand Jury 
 assessments, and its proportion of the 
 general taxation is levied under the 
 acts 47 and 51 George III. The Cor- 
 poration is governed chiefly by the 
 Act 4 George IV. By the Irish Mu- 
 nicipal Act, the style of the Corpora- 
 tion is the Mayor, Sheriffs, and Citi- 
 zens of Limerick, and the city is di- 
 vided into the five Wards of Thomond- 
 Bridge, John Street, Patrick Street, 
 Glentworth Street, and Richmond 
 Place, each Ward to return two Al- 
 dermen and six Councillors. The 
 Recorder is elected by the Common 
 Council, and his civil jurisdiction ex- 
 tends to all personal actions of unli- 
 mited amount. His Court and that 
 of the Court of Conscience are held 
 weekly, and Petty Sessions twice a 
 week. The criminal jurisdiction is 
 exclusive, and includes all offences. 
 The revenue of the Corporation is 
 derived chiefly from tolls, and is va- 
 riable, though considerably upwards 
 of L.4000 ; the expenditure, exclusive 
 of reduction of debt, averages at least 
 L.3000. The city gives the title of 
 Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 Noble Family of Pery, whose ancestors 
 are said to have been originally from 
 Brittany. Edmund Sexton Pery, Esq., 
 Speaker of the Irish House of Com- 
 mons from 1771 to 1785, was created on 
 608 
 
 his retirement Viscount Pery of New- 
 town-Pery ; but the Peerage became 
 extinct in 1806 by the death of his 
 son, second Viscount, without issue. 
 The Right Rev. William Cecil Pery, 
 brother of the first Viscount, conse- 
 crated Bishop of Killaloe in 1781, and 
 translated to the See of Limerick in 
 1784, was created Baron Glentworth 
 of Mallow in 1790. His Lordship 
 died in 1794, and was succeeded by his 
 only son, advanced to the dignity of 
 Viscount and Earl of Limerick in 
 1813, and created a Peer of Great 
 Britain by the title of Baron Foxford 
 in 1815. The city returns two mem- 
 bers to the Imperial Parliament ; con- 
 stituency in 1840-1, 2803; population 
 in 1831, 66,554. 
 
 LINA AN, a tributary stream of the 
 Suir, which, in the direction of the 
 village of Kilmagany, bounds the 
 counties of Waterford and Tipperary. 
 
 LISADIEL, or Liffadil, a village 
 on the sea-coast, in the parish of Drum- 
 cliff, county of Sligo. It is locally 
 noted for a bed of excellent oysters off 
 the shore. 
 
 LISANE, or Lissan, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Loughin- 
 sholin, county of Londonderry, and 
 partly in the Barony of Dungannon, 
 county of Tyrone. The village of 
 Lisane is within four miles of the 
 post-town of Cookstown, and fairs are 
 held on the 1st of January, 8th and 
 12th of May, 12th of August, and 26th 
 of November. In the vicinity is 
 the beautiful seat of Lisane (Staples, 
 Bart.), the demesne of which, watered 
 by the Loughry stream, is at the base 
 of the Slievegallion range, which com- 
 mences here. Population in 1831, 6163. 
 
 LISBELLAW, a small improving 
 town in the parish of Clenish, county 
 of Fermanagh, near the road from 
 Lisnaskea to Enniskillen. Fairs are 
 held here on the 11th of May, 20th of 
 June, 20th of July, 18th of August, 
 12th of October, 10th of November, 
 and 23d of December. 
 
 LISBUNNY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Upper Or- 
 mond,, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 
LIS OF IRELAND. LIS 
 
 cese of Killaloe. Population in 1831, 
 1442. Post-town, Nenagh. 
 
 LISBURN, a parish, parliamentary 
 borough, and rectory, in the (Upper 
 Half) Barony of Massareene, county of 
 Antrim, and Diocese of Connor. It is 
 80 Irish miles from Dublin, and within 
 seven Irish miles of Belfast, on the 
 Lagan, the Navigation from which to 
 Lough Neagh commences above the 
 town. The Railway from Belfast by 
 Armagh passes the town. Lisburn, or, 
 as it was formerly called, Lisnagarry , 
 and the parish Blares , originated in 
 the erection of a fortified residence in 
 1610 by Lord Conw’ay, who had ob- 
 tained a grant of the territory of 
 Kilultagh from James I. In that and 
 the succeeding reign great numbers ofi 
 English and Welsh were induced to 
 settle in Lisburn, and the town soon 
 became a place of importance. The 
 inhabitants successfully and gallantly 
 defended the town against the Irish 
 under General O'Neil in November 
 1641, and it remained, with the Castle, 
 in the possession of the Royalists un- 
 til 1650, when it was taken by Sir 
 Charles Coote. It was constituted 
 the Cathedral Seat of the Diocese of 
 Down and Connor by Charles II. in 
 1662, and the inhabitants were em- 
 powered to return tw r o members to 
 the Irish Parliament. The revoca- 
 tion of the edict of Nantes induced 
 numbers of French Protestants to 
 emigrate to Lisburn, by whom the 
 linen and damask manufactures, which 
 began the prosperity of the place, were 
 introduced. In 1707 the Castle and a 
 great part of the town were destroyed 
 by fire, but the latter was soon rebuilt in 
 a more handsome and substantial man- 
 ner, and the Castle gardens were then 
 formed into a public promenade. 
 Lisburn was in a prosperous state, and 
 greatly increased from the time of 
 the Irish Volunteers to the Rebellion 
 of 1798 ; but at present, or since that 
 period, it has rather declined, though 
 its manufactures and other trade are 
 still very extensive, notwithstanding 
 its proximity to Belfast. 
 
 The houses of Lisburn are built of 
 609 
 
 brick, and have a neat, comfortable, ' 
 and commodious aspect. The town 
 chiefly consists of one principal street, 
 long and spacious, diverging into large j 
 avenues, from which run minor streets. 
 The parish church, which is the Ca- 
 thedral of the United Diocese of Down 
 and Connor, is a spacious edifice, with 
 a steeple and lofty spire, on each side ; 
 of which the two streets leading to- 
 wards Belfast and the old bridge 
 over the Lagan diverge. Near the 
 church, in an open space in the centre 
 of the town, w here the three diverg- 
 ing streets meet, is the Market-House, 
 an elegant building ornamented by a 
 cupola. In this vicinity are the Castle 
 gardens, the walks and terrace of 
 which overlook the river, and com- 
 mand a beautiful prospect. The Ma- 
 nor Court-House, formerly a chapel of 
 the French Protestants, and the Linen- 
 Hall, are commodious structures. The 
 County of Antrim Infirmary is at Lis- 
 burn, which is also the Head of the 
 Poor-Law Union Work-House; and 
 here are Alms-Houses for 14 females, 
 supported by bequests amounting to 
 L.2750. The town has a Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel, and a Methodist and 
 Presbyterian meeting-house. The 
 streets are well paved, and the inha- 
 bitants are amply supplied with water 
 by pipes to the houses. The western 
 end of Lisburn is not so well built 
 as the other parts, and the suburb 
 towards Moira has a mean appear- 
 ance. In the vicinity of Lisburn are 
 numerous villas. 
 
 The principal manufacture of Lis- i 
 burn is linen, connected with which i 
 are the most extensive bleach-greens j 
 in the North of Ireland. There are 
 factories for printing, bleaching, and 1 
 dyeing muslins, and the diaper and 
 damask fabrics are justly celebrated 
 for their beauty. On an island form- | 
 ed by the Lagan, in the eastern sub- ! 
 urb, is a large vitriol work. The j 
 general retail trade is very extensive, | 
 and great quantities of provisions and 
 manufactured goods are sold at the 
 weekly markets. Fairs are held on 
 the 21st of July and 5th of October. 
 
LIS THE GAZETTEER LIS 
 
 In the town is a Branch of the North- 
 ern Banking Company. There are 
 several public and private schools; 
 and altogether Lisburn is as pleasant 
 and agreeable a place as is in the Pro- 
 vince of Ulster. 
 
 The town gives the title of Earl, in 
 the Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble 
 Family of Vaughan, descended from 
 a Welsh family of remote antiquity. 
 John Vaughan, Esq., was created Vis- 
 count Lisburn in 1695. William, 
 fourth Viscount, was advanced to the 
 dignity pf Earl of Lisburn and Lord 
 Vaughan in 1766. The family seats 
 are Lisburn House, Devonshire, and 
 Crosswood House, Cardiganshire. 
 The town returns one Member to the 
 Imperial Parliament, and by Act 2d 
 and 3d William IV. the right of elec- 
 tion is vested in L.5 householders; 
 constituency in 1840-1,97, the smallest 
 in Ireland, though in 1834 the num- 
 ber was 134. The Seneschal of the 
 manor of Kilultagh is the returning 
 officer. Population in 1831, 5745. 
 
 LIS C A NOR, a poor village in the 
 parish of Kilmacrehy, county of Clare, 
 on the coast, near the Cliffs of Moher. 
 The pier was erected by the Fishery 
 Board. Near the mouth of the Oyne 
 stream are the ruins of Liscanor Cas- 
 tle. In the vicinity of the village is 
 the residence of Birchfield. 
 
 LISCARROL, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Orrery and 
 Lismore, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne. The village of Liscarrol 
 is four miles from Buttevant, and 
 seven miles from Doneraile. Close 
 to it are the ruins of a large castle de- 
 molished in 1646, and within two miles 
 those of Burton and Egmont Castles, 
 ancient seats of the Percivals, who 
 take from the latter their title of Earl 
 of Egmont. Lord Kinalmeaky was 
 killed in a battle fought near Liscarrol 
 in 1648. Fairs are held in May, Au- 
 gust, and November. Population of 
 village in 1831, 666 ; of parish, 2046. 
 
 LISCARTIN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Lower Navan, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. The 
 Castle, a part of which is still habit- 
 610 
 
 able, was the birth-place of the first 
 Lord Cadogan, the companion in 
 arms of the Duke of Marlborough, 
 and his successor as Commander-in- 
 Chief of the Army. Population in 
 1831, 256. Post-town, Navan. 
 
 LISCLEARY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kerricur- 
 rihy, county and Diocese of Cork, on 
 the Awinboy river. Population in 
 1831, 2804. Post-town, Cork. 
 
 LISCOLEMAN, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Shillelagh, county of Wicklow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin, constituting a 
 part of the corps of the prebend of 
 Aghold. Population in 1831, 854. 
 Post-town, Tullow. 
 
 LISCORMUCK, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Coonagh, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly, constituting part of the corps 
 of the Precentorship of that Diocese. 
 Post-town, Pallas Green. 
 
 LISDOWNEY, a small village in 
 the parish of Aharney, on the con- 
 fines of the Queen’s County, three 
 miles from Durrow\ 
 
 LISELTIN, or Lislaghtin, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Iraghticonner, county of Kerry, and 
 annexed Diocese of Ardfert and Agha- 
 doe, having a village of its name. 
 The ruins of the Franciscan Friary, 
 founded by O’Connor, Prince of Kerry, 
 are still to be seen. Population in 
 1831, 2148. Post-town, Listowel. 
 
 LISGENAN. See Grange. 
 
 LISGOOLD, a parish, vicarage, and 
 village, in the Barony of Barrymore, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, constituting part of the corps 
 of the Precentorship. Population in 
 1831, 893. Post-town, Middleton. 
 
 LISHADDIN, a tributary stream 
 of the Lane, in the county of Kerry. 
 
 LISHOY, now generally called Au- 
 burn, a reputed birth-place of Gold- 
 smith, in the county of Roscommon. 
 See Auburn. 
 
 LISKEENY, or Liskeeavy, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Donaghmore, county of Gal- 
 way, and Diocese of Tuam, the rec- 
 
LIS OF IRELAND. LIS 
 
 tory forming part of the corps of the 
 Deanery. Population in 1831, 2806. 
 Post-town, Tuam. 
 
 LISKINMORE, an extensive rabbit 
 warren on the road from Ardara to 
 Narin, on the dreary north-west coast 
 of the county of Donegal. 
 
 LISLE, or Lislee, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Barryroe, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Ross, 
 on Courtmacsherry Bay. This pa- 
 rish probably gives the title of Baron, 
 in the Peerage of Ireland, to the Fa- 
 mily of Lysaght, descended from an 
 officer in the army of Lord Inchiquin, 
 in 1641 and 1647. His grandson, 
 John Lysaght, Esq., of Mountnorth, 
 in the county of Cork, was created 
 Baron Lisle of Mountnorth in 1758. 
 Population in 1831, 1786. Post-town, 
 Cloghnakilty. 
 
 LISMAKEERY, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Con- 
 nello, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. Population in 1831, 1268. Post- 
 town, Rathkeale. 
 
 LISMALIN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Slievardagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Population in 1831, 1392. 
 Post-town, KUlenaule. 
 
 LISMORE, a Diocese now in the 
 Archiepiscopal Province of Dublin, 
 formerly in that of Tuam, which it 
 still is in the Roman Catholic Divi- 
 sion, and now annexed to the Sees of 
 Cashel and Emly by the Act 3d and 
 4th William IY. The Diocese in- 
 cludes portions of the counties of 
 Tipperary and Waterford, and extends 
 38 by 37 statute miles. The Chapter 
 consists of the Dean, Precentor, Chan- 
 cellor, Treasurer, Archdeacon, and 
 eight Prebendaries. In 1834 the Dio- 
 cese was divided into 73 parishes, 
 constituting in all 35 benefices ; parish 
 churches, 36; Roman Catholic cha- 
 pels, 65; Dissenting meeting-house, 
 only one. The total population of the 
 Diocese was that year 216,236, of whom 
 5970 were members of the Church of 
 Ireland, 209,720 were Roman Catho- 
 lics, 164 were Presbyterians, and 382 
 were Dissenters of various persua- 
 611 
 
 sions. The Diocese then contained 
 236 daily schools, educating 17,609 
 young persons, and 12 of these schools 
 were in connection with the National 
 Board of Education. The See of 
 Ardmore, so called from its situation 
 on an eminence at the mouth of the 
 Blackwater, founded by St Declan at 
 a very early period, was united to 
 Lismore soon after the arrival of the 
 English. St Carthag, also called Mo- 
 chuda of Ratheny, in Westmeath, is 
 the reputed founder of the cathedral 
 and school of Lismore, about A.D. 
 631. The date of his death is A.D. 
 637, and one of his successors, named 
 Cormac MacCulenan, who flourished 
 .in the end of the ninth century, is 
 designated “ Prince of Defies” in 
 Munster. In the middle of the four- 
 teenth century, during the episcopate 
 of Thomas Reeve, the See of Lismore 
 was annexed to that of Waterford, 
 which has since continued. The tem- 
 poralities of Cashel and Emly are 
 vested in the Ecclesiastical Commis- 
 sioners. 
 
 LISMORE, the seat of the Diocese 
 of its name, is situated in the Barony 
 of Coshmore and Coshbride, county 
 of Waterford, on the southern bank 
 of the Blackwater, upwards of three 
 miles from Cappoquin, near which 
 the river changes its course from east 
 to west. The Owenshad, a rapid 
 stream from the Knockmeledown 
 Mountains, which are conspicuous ob- 
 jects in the surrounding district, joins 
 the Blackwater at Lismore. This 
 old episcopal town is 111 Irish miles 
 from Dublin, and 4£ miles from Tal- 
 low, and is entered on one side by an 
 elegant bridge built by the Duke of 
 Devonshire a little above the point of 
 junction, the centre arch having a 
 span of 100 feet. This bridge cost his 
 Grace, who is the proprietor, and has 
 greatly improved the town, L.9000. 
 In the seventh and eighth centuries 
 the school of Lismore was in great 
 repute for the number of its students, 
 and it seems to have been almost ex- 
 clusively inhabited by ecclesiastics. 
 An old author, quoted by Beatson in 
 
LIS THE GAZETTEER LIS 
 
 his Political Index, says — u Lismore 
 is a famous and holy city, half of 
 which is an asylum into which no 
 woman dare enter; but it is full of 
 cells and holy monasteries, and reli- 
 gious men in great numbers abide 
 there. Thither holy men flock to- 
 gether from all parts of Ireland.” 
 
 The town occupies the summit of 
 the southern bank of the Blackwater, 
 at the eastern extremity on the slope 
 of the hill, a plain elegant edifice in a 
 state Qf complete repair, the interior 
 beautifully fitted up, and ornamented 
 by a fine tower and spire. This 
 church, which is in the later English 
 style, was built in 1653 by the Earl of 
 Cork. There are several remains of 
 antiquity, but the great object of at- 
 traction is the Castle of Lismore, 
 perched on a perpendicular rock ris- 
 ing from the river. Three sides of 
 the square of this huge quadrangular 
 edifice were completely repaired by 
 the Duke of Devonshire, and are in- 
 habited by his Grace’s agent. This 
 grand and imposing structure was 
 originally founded by King John, 
 when Earl of Moreton,in 1185, during 
 his first visit to Ireland. In 1189 it 
 was taken by surprise and dilapidated 
 by the Irish, and the garrisou, with 
 their commander, named Barry, were 
 put to the sword. It was subsequent- 
 ly restored, and continued the episcopal 
 residence until the celebrated Myler 
 Magratb, Archbishop of Cashel and 
 Bishop of Lismore, who some time be- 
 fore his resignation in 1589 granted to 
 the celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh the 
 manor and other lands, by consent of 
 the Dean and Chapter, at the yearly 
 rent of L.13, 6s. 8d. Raleigh sold the 
 Castle and lands, with his other estates 
 in the South of Ireland, to Sir Richard 
 Boyle, first Earl of Cork, who en- 
 larged and ornamented the Castle at 
 considerable expense, and made it his 
 residence. Some of those additions 
 were destroyed in the war of the Re- 
 bellion of 1641. At the commence- 
 ment of that unhappy w 7 ar Lismore 
 Castle w T as closely besieged by 5000 
 men under Sir Richard Belling, and J 
 612 
 
 was defended by the young Lord Brog- 
 hill, third son of the first Earl of Cork. 
 By his conduct and bravery he com- 
 pelled the Irish to raise the siege. 
 The Castle was attacked in 1643 by a 
 superior force of Irish under General 
 Purcell, when they were again forced 
 to raise the siege ; but it was taken 
 in 1645 by Lord Castlehaven. Major 
 Power, with about 100 of the Earl of 
 Cork’s teuants, then defended it, and 
 before they surrendered they are said 
 to have killed 500 of the besiegers, 
 till their powder was spent, and they 
 obtained honourable terms of capitu- 
 lation. The Castle was again repair- 
 ed, and became the residence of the 
 Noble Family of Boyle till 1753, when 
 at the death of Richard, third Earl of 
 Burlington and fourth Earl of Cork, 
 the most considerable part of that 
 nobleman’s estates both in England 
 and Ireland devolved to his daughter, 
 Lady Charlotte Boyle, who married 
 in 1748 William, fourth Duke of De- 
 vonshire. William, sixth Duke, re- 
 stored and beautified this magnificent 
 pile. The Earl of Clarendon, known 
 as the ‘‘Noble Historian,*’ passed a 
 night in Lismore Castle during his 
 progress through Munster in 1686, 
 and King James II. dined in it in 1689, 
 on w hich occasion, going to the win- 
 dow now knowm by his name, which ■ 
 overlooks the river, he started back 
 with dismay at the fearful height. 
 Robert Boyle, the celebrated philoso- 
 pher, and Congreve, the poet, were 
 born in the Castle ; and in it the 
 Duke of Rutland, Lord- Lieutenant, 
 held a Council in 1785, issuing pro- 
 clamations. A description of the 
 Castle is given in the Rev. Mr Ry- 
 land’s “ History of Waterford,” to 
 which the reader is referred. Under 
 the rock on which it stands is a sal- 
 mon-fishing. A great part of the 
 beautiful grounds are on the opposite 
 bank of the river, and blend with 
 those of the residence of Ballysag- 
 gartmore. Opposite are the seats of 
 Fort- William, Glencairn, and Glen- 
 beg, and several handsome villas are 
 in the vicinity of the town. 
 
LIS 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 LIS 
 
 Lismore contains a Court-House, a 
 good inn, large Roman Catholic cha- 
 pel, and a small Presbyterian meet- 
 ing- house, and a classical and other 
 schools. Two of these schools are 
 supported chiefly by the Dean and 
 Chapter, one by an annual grant from 
 the Duke of Devonshire, one by an 
 endowment from the Earl of Cork, 
 and one by a grant from Sir Richard 
 Musgrave. In 1834 the whole parish 
 had 22 schools, educating 1203 young 
 persons. The living is a rectory and 
 vicarage, of which the Dean and Chap- 
 ter are incumbents. The Blackwater 
 is tidal to within a mile of the tower, at 
 which a canal, constructed at the ex- 
 pense of the Duke of Devonshire,, 
 conveys lighters to the bridge. There 
 is a small export of grain and flour, 
 but the imports are trifling, chiefly 
 coal and timber brought in lighters 
 from Youghall. Fairs are held in 
 May, September, and November. Lis- 
 more gives the title of Viscount, in 
 the Peerage of Ireland, to the ancient 
 Noble Irish family of O’Callaghan of 
 Shanbally Castle, county of Tipperary, 
 one of the few native families digni- 
 fied with the Peerage of Ireland. Cor- 
 nelius O’Callaghan, Esq., was created 
 Baron Lismore in 1785, and his son 
 Cornelius, second Lord, was advanced 
 to the dignity of Viscount Lismore in 
 1806. His Lordship was created Baron 
 Lismore, in the Peerage of Great Bri- 
 tain, in 1838. The brother of this 
 latter nobleman, the Hon. Major- 
 General Sir Robert William O’ Callag- 
 han, G.C.B., born in 1777, was well- 
 known in Scotland, where he was for 
 several years Commander-in-Chief. 
 Population in 1831, 2894; of parish, 
 14,938. 
 
 LISMULLEN, a parochial chapelry 
 in the Barony of Skreene, county and 
 Diocese of Meath, in which is the fine 
 seat of Lismullen (Dillon, Bart.) The 
 Dillons of Lismullen, created Baronets 
 of Ireland in 1801, are descended from 
 a common ancestor with the Earls of 
 Roscommon and the Viscounts Dil- 
 lon. Post-town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 LISNADILL, a parish and perpe- 
 613 
 
 tual curacy in the Baronies of Fcwes 
 and Armagh, county and Archdiocese 
 of Armagh. The elegant parish church 
 is one of those erected by Lord Roke- 
 by during his Primacy. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 7699. Post-town, Ar- 
 magh. 
 
 LISNAKILL, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Middletliird, 
 county and Diocese of Waterford. 
 Population in 1831, 667. Post-town, 
 Waterford. 
 
 LISNARRICK, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Derryvollen, county of Fer- 
 managh, nine Irish miles from Ennis- 
 killen, adjoining which is the splen- 
 did demesne of Castle-Archdall, near 
 Lough Erne. Fairs are held at Lis- 
 narrick on the 22d of each month. 
 
 LISNASKE A, a small town in the 
 parish of Aghalurcher, county of Fer- 
 managh, on the mail road from Dub- 
 lin to Enniskillen. It has been con- 
 siderably improved by John Creigh- 
 ton, Esq., the heir and representative 
 of the Earl of Erne, the proprietor. 
 The town contains several good houses 
 and shops, and a comfortable inn. It 
 is about three miles from Maguire’s 
 Bridge. Fairs are held on the 13th 
 of April, 1st of June, and 10th of Oc- 
 tober. 
 
 LISONUFFY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony and county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 Population in 1831, 4599. Post-town, 
 Tulsk. 
 
 LISPOLE, a parish in the Barony 
 of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry, and 
 annexed Dioceses of Ardfert and 
 Aghadoe. Post-town, Dingle. 
 
 LISRONAGH, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Baronies of Iffa and 
 Offa, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore. Population in 1831, 
 981. Post-towm, Fethard. 
 
 LISSAN. See Lisane. 
 
 LISSYWOOLLEN, a poor hamlet 
 near the branch of Lough Ree, called 
 Lough Kylemore, on the Ballymahon 
 road, county of Roscommon. 
 
 LISTERLING, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ida, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 3 r 
 
LON 
 
 LIX THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Ossory. Population in 1831, 1551. 
 Post-town, Ross. 
 
 LISTOWELL, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Iraghticonnor, 
 county of Kerry, and annexed Dio- 
 ceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe. The 
 town of Listowell is 134 Irish miles 
 from Dublin, 1 1 miles from Tarbert, 
 and 18 miles from Tralee. It is agree- 
 ably situated on the Feale river, which 
 meets the Gale a few miles below, 
 and both form the Cashin. The town 
 is greatly improved, and is now a con- 
 siderable thoroughfare. Here are a 
 neat parish church, a Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel, the ruins of a castle, 
 and a good inn- The Feale is crossed 
 by an elegant bridge. In the vicinity 
 are the plantations of Ballinruddery, 
 the seat of Fitzgerald, “ Knight of 
 Kerry.” William Hare, Esq., eldest 
 son of Richard Hare. Esq., of Ennis- 
 more, was created Baron Ennismore 
 in 1800, Viscount Ennismore and Lis- 
 towell in 1816, and Earl of Listowell 
 in 1822. Population of town in 1831, 
 2289 ; of parish, 4957. 
 
 LITTER, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Condons 
 and Clongibbons, and in that of Fer- 
 moy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, on the Blackwater. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1926. Post-town, Fer- 
 moy. 
 
 LITTLE ISLAND, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Barrymore, county and Diocese of 
 Cork, on Cork Harbour. Population 
 in 1831, 1013. Post-town, Cork. 
 
 LITTLE ISLAND, an inhabited 
 island about a mile in length, formed 
 by the Suir, in the parish of Ballina- 
 kill, county of Waterford. 
 
 LITTLETON, a hamlet about eight 
 Irish miles from Urlingford, on the 
 road from Johnstown to Cashel. 
 
 LIXNAW, a village in the parishes 
 of Kilcara and Kiltorney, county of 
 Kerry, on the Brick river, southward 
 of its junction with the Feale. Six 
 miles from Listowell are the ruins of 
 Lixnaw Castle, the former residence 
 of the Fitzmaurices, Earls of Kerry, 
 now represented by the Marquis of 
 614 
 
 Lansdowne. Opposite is the resi- 
 dence of Crotto. 
 
 LOCKEEN, or Loughreen, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Lower Ormond, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Killaloe, 
 on the Brosna. Population in 1831, 
 2691. 
 
 LOGHAN, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Castlerahan, county of 
 Cavan, and in the Barony of Upper 
 Kells, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 on the Blackwater. It contains the 
 villages of Loghan, Rathendrick, Der- 
 ver, and Castlekerran. Population 
 in 1831, 3795. 
 
 LONDONDERRY, a county in the 
 Province of Ulster, bounded on the 
 north by the Atlantic Ocean, on the 
 east by the county of Antrim and a 
 part of Lough Neagh, on the south 
 by the county of Tyrone, and on the 
 west by that of Donegal. According 
 to the Ordnance Survey, the length 
 from New Bridge on the Ballinderry 
 river, at the Tyrone boundary on the 
 south, to Portrush on the north, is 
 40£ statute miles ; and from the Done- 
 gal boundary near the city of Lon- 
 donderry on the west, to the Antrim 
 boundary at Kilrea Bridge, the breadth 
 is 34 statute miles. The surface is es- 
 timated to comprise 810 square miles, 
 or 518,270 acres, of which 372,667 are 
 cultivated, 136,038 are unimproved 
 mountain and bog, and 9565 are under 
 water. The county is divided into, 
 1. The Half Barony of Coleraine on 
 the north-east ; 2. Kennaught on the 
 east and centre ; 3. Loughinsholin on 
 the south-east; and, 4. Tyrkerin on 
 the west. Exclusive of these are the 
 Liberties of Coleraine and the Liber- 
 ties of the city of Londonderry. 
 
 Although this is often designated a 
 maritime county, there is in reality a 
 very limited line of coast, commencing 
 atPortrush, andincluding the debouch 
 of the Bann and the eastern and south- 
 ern shore of Lough Foyle; the western 
 shore, north-eastward from the town 
 of Muff, being in the county of Done- 
 gal. The eastern line of the county 
 may be considered to be formed by 
 
LON 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 Lough Neagh and the river Bann, 
 which issues from it in a northerly 
 direction; the south-western by the 
 Tyrone boundary; and the north- 
 western by the Foyle, the whole in- 
 closing an irregular triangular area. 
 The tracts between the rivers Bahn 
 and Foyle are often judiciously view- 
 ed as the districts of the Bann, the 
 Foyle, and Lough Neagh. The sur- 
 face gradually rises westward ten or 
 twelve miles from the Bann, and forms 
 a hilly range bounding the valley of 
 that river on the west, presenting 
 steep and in some places precipitous 
 embankments in that direction, and 
 overlooking the undulating district 
 extending from their base to the east- 
 ern shore of Lough Foyle, but sloping 
 with gentle declivity north and east. 
 The tract between Lough Neagh and 
 the southern extremity of this range 
 is comparatively level. In the dis- 
 trict of Coleraine the elevations are 
 inconsiderable, and the country gene- 
 rally bleak and uninteresting. The 
 shore is rocky and indented, and the 
 debouch of the Bann is encumbered 
 by sand-banks. West of these sand- 
 banks the coast exhibits a bold out- 
 line, rising in precipitous cliffs over 
 the beach, which extend between two 
 and three miles in a series of basaltic 
 formations, at the northern boundary 
 of which the elevations are from 350 
 to 400 feet. 
 
 The greater part of this county 
 consists of mountains, hills, and val- 
 leys, watered by numerous streams, 
 and enlivened by towns and villages. 
 The roads are in general excellent 
 except in the western district, where 
 only one road crosses the rough coun- 
 try between the lines of the Upper 
 and Lower Faughan riveys, connect- 
 ing Dungiven near the former, and 
 Newtown-Limavady by the southern 
 shore of Lough Foyle ; and the valley 
 of the Lower Faughan with London- 
 derry city. The valley of the Roe is 
 well provided with roads, and there 
 are several mountain passes into Ty- 
 rone county between the valley of the 
 Foyle and that of Ballinasereen. 
 
 615 
 
 LON 
 
 Basalt abounds in the northern part 
 of the county. The geological features 
 are in general interesting, but the 
 useful minerals are very limited, and 
 no mines are in operation. There 
 are comparatively few plantations. 
 Agriculture is in an improving state, 
 and has been greatly promoted by the 
 Agricultural School near Muff, esta- 
 blished by the Grocers* Company of 
 London, who hold large estates in 
 that district under the Crown. A 
 farm of 130 acres is attached to this 
 School for experimental operations. 
 Some wheat is raised, but the princi- 
 pal grain crops are oats and barley. 
 The system of green cropping is al- 
 most exclusively practised by the re- 
 sident proprietors. As there is little 
 land in pasture, the breed of cattle is 
 rather neglected, and pigs, of which 
 immense numbers are reared, are the 
 favourite objects of attention because 
 they are the most lucrative. The 
 condition of the labouring classes is 
 said to be in some respects superior 
 to those of the same avocation even 
 in the North of Ireland, and they are 
 to a considerable extent of English 
 and Scotish descent. The native race 
 occupy the mountainous and remote 
 districts, and are a simple and inter- 
 esting people, preserving vivid tradi- 
 tions of former ages, living on the 
 most friendly terms with the rest of 
 the population, and generally speak- ! 
 ing the Irish language. The manu- 
 facture and bleaching of linens is I 
 the staple trade of the county, and 
 the most extensive bleach-greens are 
 along the Roe and Faughan rivers. 
 From the village of Claudy, near the ! 
 sources of the latter river, to where 
 it turns northward, a distance of about 
 twelve miles, the valley is occupied 
 by improved grounds and numerous 
 bleach-greens. 
 
 The first commencement of a per- 
 manent settlement in the county was 
 made in 1600 by Sir Henry Dockura, 
 who arrived with a force of 4000 foot 
 and 200 horse in the Foyle river. 
 The rebellion of Sir Cahir O’Dogher- 
 ty in 1608, and the flight of Tyrone 
 
LON ' THE GAZETTEER LON 
 
 and O’Donnell in 1609, placed this 
 and five other counties at the disposal 
 j of the Crow n. Negotiations were im- 
 i mediately commenced between James 
 I. and the Corporation of London, to 
 j settle the terms on which the forfeit- 
 ed lands were to be conveyed to the 
 j latter for the purpose of colonizing 
 ; them with Protestants, and it was first 
 agreed that the Londoners should 
 ! spend L. 20, 000 on the “ plantation,” 
 for which the Bang granted them the 
 i old county and town of Coleraine, the 
 ; woods of Glanconkene and Killeigh- 
 tra, and the town and Liberties of 
 Derry, with the exception of the 
 church lands. The Common Council 
 ! of London elected a body of twenty- 
 six persons to manage their newly ac- 
 quired extensive estates, and in 1619 
 this body was incorporated by royal 
 charter, when the estates were con- 
 i stituted a separate county under the 
 j name of Londonderry. It may be 
 here observed that this Corporation 
 still exists as regulated by the charter 
 : of 'Charles II. after the Restoration, 
 
 | and is generally known as the Irish 
 ; Society. The division of the coun- 
 i ty took place immediately after the 
 granting of the first charter. To the 
 i Company of Goldsmiths were assigned 
 | the south-eastern Liberties of Derry ; 
 
 | to the Grocers’ Company the precinct 
 I of Muff; the Fishmongers acquired 
 j Ballykelly ; Aghadoe was granted to 
 ! the Ironmongers; Moy vanaway to the 
 j Mercers; Moyoosquin to the Merchant 
 Taylors ; Boevagh to the Haberdash- 
 ers; part of Coleraine to the Cloth- 
 workers ; Dungiven to the Skinners ; 
 Bellaghy to the Vintners ; Money- 
 more to the Drapers ; and Maghera- 
 felt to the Salters. Of these twelve 
 London Companies, the Goldsmiths, 
 Haberdashers, Vintners, and Mer- 
 chant Taylors, have from time to 
 time disposed of their proportions in 
 perpetuity to various wealthy fami- 
 lies, of whom the principal are Beres- 
 ford, Richardson, Ponsonby, Conolly, 
 and Alexander. Five of the Com- 
 panies have under -leased their lands ; 
 but the Drapers, Grocers, and Mercers, 
 616 
 
 retain in their own hands their es- 
 tates, which they manage by resident 
 agents. The lands not assigned to 
 the several Companies belong to the 
 Irish Society. Previous to the intro- 
 duction of the colony the whole coun- 
 try was one of the most desolate dis- 
 tricts in Ireland, but the aspect was 
 entirely changed by the settlers ; and 
 the Companies sent over artizans in 
 all the branches of trade and manu- 
 facture, by whom habits of industry 
 were fixed among the population. 
 The native Irish retired to the fast- 
 nesses, but they returned by degrees, 
 and are now nearly as numerous as 
 the descendants of the settlers, though 
 far behind them in comfort and intel- 
 lectual attainments. 
 
 The antiquities are some remains 
 of a Cyclopean fortress at the Giant’s 
 Sconce, on the road from Newtown- 
 Limavady to Coleraine. The artificial 
 caves and tumuli are numerous, and 
 there are several supposed Druidical 
 remains, of which the largest is at 
 Slaught-Manus. Among the most 
 remarkable of the many earthen fort- 
 resses which abound is the circular 
 mount of Dungorkin, surrounded by 
 a wet ditch, near Claudy. The only 
 remaining military edifices are those 
 of Dungiven, Salterstown, Muff, and 
 Killoloo, but these w r ere the erections 
 of the Londoners, and are consequent- 
 ly of no more ancient date than the 
 reign of James I. The site of O’Ca- 
 han’s Castle is at the Dog's Leap, or 
 Limavady, on a rock surrounded by 
 woods overhanging the Roe. The 
 old Abbey of Dungiven is the princi- 
 pal interesting ruin in the county. 
 Of modern edifices the chief man- 
 sion-house in the county is that of 
 Downhill (Bruce, Bart.), built by the 
 Earl of Derry, Bishop of Bristol, near 
 Coleraine, an imposing architectural 
 pile about a mile and a half west of 
 the mouth of the Bann, on the brow 
 of the basaltic field rising over the 
 Atlantic. Ballyscullion-House, erect- 
 ed by that Noble Prelate, was, as it 
 stood in 1802, probably the most mag- 
 nificent residence in the North of Ire- 
 
LON 
 
 land. The site having been found 
 unfavourable to the formation of a de- 
 mesne corresponding to the architec- 
 tural grandeur of the mansion, it was 
 taken down at the death of the Earl, 
 and the materials sold. 
 
 The expenses of the county are de- 
 frayed by Grand Jury Presentments, 
 and the amount levied for roads, 
 bridges, buildings, charities, salaries, 
 and other purposes, may average 
 L. 24, 000 per annum. The county re 
 turns two members to the Imperial 
 Parliament; constituency in 1840-1, 
 2716. Population in 1831, 222 ,012. 
 
 LONDONDERRY, a city in the 
 Barony of Tyrkerin, and county of its 
 name, 113f Irish miles, or 144 statute* 
 miles, from Dublin, by Ashbourne, 
 Slane, Drumconra, Carrickmacross, 
 Castle- Blayney, Monaghan, Aughna- 
 cloy, Omagh, Newtown-Stewart, and 
 Strabaue. Between the Lower Faug- 
 han is a range of undulating ground 
 crossed by a valley through which is 
 carried the high road from D ungiven 
 to Waterside suburb, where a bridge 
 completes the communication with 
 Londonderry, or Derry, as it is com- 
 monly abbreviated. The city occupies 
 boldly rising ground on the west bank 
 of the Foyle, here a broad and noble 
 river (see Foylk), and is five miles 
 above the point where it expands into 
 the harbour of Lough Foyle. The 
 area of the hill on which the old part 
 of the city is built is nearly 200 acres, 
 and the municipal boundary by which 
 the jurisdiction of the Corporation is 
 virtually limited includes an irregular 
 area of 31,713 acres, of which 12,615 
 are on the west, and 19,098 are on the 
 east side of the Foyle. 
 
 The ancient name of this city was 
 Derry- Calgach, or the oak-grove oj 
 Calgach , which in early times cover- 
 ed the hill, and regarded as a pecu- 
 liarly sanctified locality for many ages. 
 The origin of Derry was the monas- 
 tery founded by St Columba about 
 A.D. 546, which stood on the decli- 
 vity of the hill towards the south- 
 west, and round it a small town gra- 
 dually clustered. The early history 
 617 
 
 LON 
 
 of this ancient city consists of records 
 of burnings and pillagings by the Irish 
 and Danes. In 1162, eighty houses 
 which had encroached on the old 
 Abbey church were pulled down, and 
 the area inclosed. On the follow- 
 ing year a new church, called Tem- 
 plemore, or the Great Church, was 
 built by the assistance of Murtagh 
 O’Loughlin, King of Ireland. Derry 
 was easily taken by John de Courcy j 
 in 1198, at which period it was a place 1 
 of no military strength, but he was 
 compelled to abandon his conquest 
 on account of Hugh O’Neill of Tyrone * 
 having made a descent at Larne, and 
 defeating the English there. In 1311 
 Edward II. granted Derry- Columb- 
 kill, as it was called, to Richard de 
 Burgh, but the great rebellion in the 
 succeeding reign of Edward III. ren- 
 dered this gift ineffectual, until it had 
 reverted to the Crown in the reign of i 
 Henry VII. Up to the accession of j 
 Queen Elizabeth the history of Derry I 
 is chiefly ecclesiastical. In 1566 the j 
 first English garrison appeared in the 
 city; in 1568 the town and fort were 1 
 destroyed by the accidental explosion 
 of the powder magazine, when it was 
 deserted by the English, but it was 
 re-occupied in 1600 by Sir Henry Doc- 
 kura, who describes it as “ a place in 
 maner of an island, comprehending 
 within it 40 acres of ground, wherein 
 are the ruins of an old abbey, of a bi- 
 shop’s house, of two churches, and at 
 one of the ends of it an old castle, the 
 river called Loughfoyle compassing it 
 all on one side, and a bog, most com- 
 monlie wett, and not easilie passable 
 except at two or three places, dividing 
 it from the maine land.” 
 
 Sir Henry Dockura erected the ad- 
 joining Fort of Culmore near the 
 mouth of the Foyle, and James I. 
 granted to him the first charter for 
 the government of the town. The 
 English also constructed a fort which 
 appears to have occupied the north- 
 eastern declivity of the hill, and con- ; 
 taining within it a considerable town, 
 a straggling suburb extending from 
 the gate to the river side, where the j 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
LON 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 LON 
 
 wharf was protected by another strong 
 ; faction. In 1608 the fort and town of 
 Derry were burnt, and the garrison put 
 to the sword, by Sir Cahir O’Dogherty, 
 whose rebellion forms a memorable 
 era in Irish history. In 1613, when 
 the Irish Society was formed, a new 
 charter of the town, under the name 
 of Londonderry, was granted to the 
 i( Society of the Governors and As- 
 sistants, London, of the Plantation of 
 Ulster,^ who were bound to inclose 
 the city. An extended plan was now 
 adopted for its reconstruction; the 
 fortress included the entire crest of 
 the hill, and was surrounded with a 
 strong wall and rampart, protected 
 by seven bastions and three demi- 
 bastions. The four principal streets, 
 laid out at right angles, were entered 
 from as many gates, and a spacious 
 square for the Town-House or Cor- 
 poration Hal!, which was erected in 
 1622, occupied the centre. The pro- 
 gress of the city was so rapid, that up 
 to 1629 the London Companies had 
 expended the large sum of L.27,197 in 
 building and fortifying the walls, 
 erecting houses, quays, and wharfs, 
 making roads, and other public im- 
 provements. The Cathedral was com- 
 pleted in 1633. 
 
 The cancelling of the charter of the 
 London Companies in 1637, and the 
 breaking out of the Rebellion in 1641, 
 prevented any farther increase of the 
 city for some years. Derry now be- 
 came the asylum of the distressed 
 Protestants of the adjoining counties. 
 In 1649 Sir Christopher Coote and 
 his Parliamentary garrison endured a 
 siege of four months by the Royalists 
 under Sir Robert Stewart; but the 
 defeat of the Roman Catholic forces, 
 commanded by the titular Bishop 
 MacMahon, at Skirfolas in Donegal, 
 on the following year, left the Par- 
 liamentarians in peaceable possession 
 of the city till the Restoration of 
 Charles II. In 1662 the charter was 
 renewed by letters patent, and Derry 
 prospered till 1685, when there was a 
 stagnation of trade and commerce ; and 
 in 1687 the Government of James II. 
 
 618 
 
 thought proper to deprive the Corpo- 
 ration of their charter. This was one 
 of the many unfortunate acts which 1 
 distinguish the unhappy reign of that ! 
 monarch, and the subsequent pro- j 
 ceedings of his advisers with regard to 
 Derry were quite sufficient to alarm 
 the citizens. A rumour of an intend- 
 ed massacre having reached them 
 about the end of 1688, they positively 
 refused admission to the Earl of An- 
 trim’s regiment, sent by the Earl of 
 Tyrconnel as a garrison, and the gates 
 were closed, on the 7th of December, 
 by some resolute young men at the 
 moment when the advanced guard of 
 the regiment appeared on the oppo- 
 site side of the Foyle. This celebrated 
 exploit, which is annually commemo- 
 rated, was principally achieved by 
 about thirteen Apprentice Boys, as they 
 are called, a designation which has 
 ever since distinguished sundry asso- 
 ciations in the city. Derry now be- 
 came the principal rendezvous of the 
 Protestants of Ulster, who now ge- | 
 nerally took up arms. Lord Mount- j 
 joy, a Protestant nobleman, who held ! 
 a commission in the army of King 
 James, was with difficulty admitted 
 into the city, and he stipulated that 
 one-half of any force he might intro- 
 duce should be Protestants, and that 
 the citizens themselves should mount 
 guard till a pardon was procured for 
 their recent commotion. Mountjoy 
 was soon afterwards sent to Paris, and 
 the command was bestowed on Colonel 
 Lundy, who professed to be strongly 
 attached to the Protestant cause. 
 Meanwhile arms and ammunition 
 were provided, and applications made 
 I to the Londou Companies for assist- 
 ance. 
 
 King James landed at Kinsale on 
 the 12th of March 1689, and proceeded 
 by way of Cork to Dublin, where it 
 was resolved by his advisers to make 
 the reduction of Derry the first great 
 object. An army of 20,000 men, 
 headed by James in person, advanced 
 against the city. Governor Lundy 
 evinced his cowardice and treachery 
 by declaring the defence of the place 
 
LON 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 LON 
 
 impossible, dissuading some English 
 forces who had arrived in Lough 
 Foyle from landing, and leaving the 
 city in disguise. The heroic inha- 
 bitants seized the gates, fired on the 
 advanced guard of the Irish, and elect- 
 ed the Rev. George Walker, rector of 
 Donoghmore, and Major Baker, to be 
 the governors. They also formed 
 themselves into eight regiments, 
 amounting in all to 7020 men and 41 
 officers. Eighteen clergymen of the 
 Church of Ireland and seven Dissent- 
 ing ministers also joined their ranks. 
 After the first eleven days of the siege 
 King James retired, and left the com- 
 mand to Marshal Rosen. On the 13th 
 of July, after the citizens had been 
 reduced to the necessity of eating 
 dogs, cats, horse-flesh, hides, and tal- 
 low, and when even these dainties 
 were failing, two ships laden with pro- 
 visions, under the protection of an 
 English frigate, entered Lough Foyle. 
 The foremost victualling ship passed 
 Culmore Fort and the batteries on 
 either side uninjured, and broke the 
 boom which the besiegers had thrown 
 across the river at the former to 
 prevent the arrival of supplies. It 
 is impossible in this sketch to enter 
 into details of this most celebrated 
 siege, which lasted 105 days, from the 
 18th of April to the 1st of August, 
 and in which the brave garrison lost 
 3200 men, while upwards of 1000 men 
 were unfit for duty of the 4300 who 
 remained. The loss of the assailants 
 during the siege and the retreat, in- 
 cluding those who died from disease 
 in their camp, was at least 8000 men. 
 The sufferings of the garrison, their 
 unparalleled bravery and resolution, 
 and the proceedings of the besiegers, 
 are minutely detailed in the Diarp of 
 the Rev. George Walker, published in 
 1689, and in the valuable and interest- 
 ing volume entitled the “ History of 
 ! the Siege of Londonderry, and Defence 
 of Enniskillen, in 1688 and 1689,” by 
 the Rev. John Graham, M.A., several 
 editions of which have been published 
 since the first in 1823. On the repre- 
 sentations of the brave Governor 
 619 
 
 Walker, each of the London Com- ! 
 panies advanced L.100 for the repairs j 
 of the city, wood was supplied by the 
 Irish Society, abatements were made ' 
 in the rents, and the terms of many j 
 leases were rendered more favourable 
 to the tenants. The Town Hall, which ! 
 had been destroyed during the siege, 
 was rebuilt in 1692. A s to Walker him- 
 self, he received a public grant of a sum 
 of money, was thanked by the House 
 of Commons, and had the honorary 
 degree of Doctor of Divinity conferred 
 upon him by the University of Ox- 
 ford. His death, at the battle of the 
 Boyne, prevented his consecration as 
 Bishop of Londonderry, to which See 
 he had been appointed by King Wil- 
 liam. “ Sir Godfrey Kneller, at the 
 King’s command,” says Mr Graham, 
 u drew his picture, and copperplates 
 struck off from it were dispersed 
 through the three kingdoms. In some 
 of the prints he is represented with a 
 Bible open at the 20th chapter of 
 Exodus in one hand, and a drawn 
 sword in the other. His garment of 
 a purple colour, anda large old-fashion- 
 ed band, form a strong contrast to the 
 military sash appearing in crimson 
 fold3 about his waist.” The elegant 
 Monument, or Testimonial, erected to 
 his memory in the city, was completed 
 and opened to the public on the 12th 
 of August 1828, amid the most enthu- 
 siastic rejoicings and ceremonial. It 
 was designed by James Henry, Esq., 
 architect, and is a composition from 
 the Greek and Roman Doric. The 
 Monument consists of a shaft, 80 feet 
 in height, resting on a beautiful pe- 
 destal, and surmounted by a colossal 
 statue of Walker, cut by Mr Smith. 
 The figure looks towards the Foyle, 
 and the outstretched hand points to 
 the spot where the boom was placed 
 across the river to intercept all re- 
 lief from sea, and very impressively 
 reminds the spectator of the single 
 event on which the issue of the siege 
 depended. The Testimonial is erect- 
 ed on the central western bastion. It 
 may be here stated, that at the cen- 
 tury commemoration of the shutting j 
 
LON THE GAZETTEER LON 
 
 of the gates on the 7th of December, 
 Old Style, in 1788, a man was present 
 who had been almost miraculously 
 preserved, when an infant, in a cellar 
 during the siege. The 1st of August, 
 Old Style, the day of the relief of the 
 city, is also annually celebrated. 
 
 The walls, gates, and some of the 
 bastions of the old city, still remain, 
 and a few of the guns used during the 
 siege are still preserved in their origi- 
 nal positions. The others, about forty 
 in number, serve as posts for fasten- 
 ing cables, protecting the corners of 
 streets, and other purposes. Within 
 the walls the streets are little changed 
 either in form or name, since they 
 were first built. The central square 
 is called the Diamond, in which is the 
 Corporation Hall. From this square 
 the four principal streets, some of 
 which are remarkably steep, radiate 
 at right angles, towards the four ori- 
 ginal gates. The city, however, is 
 greatly extended beyond the walls, and 
 its suburbs are in many places well 
 built. The houses of the old city rise 
 one above the other from the water 
 side to the apex of the hill, on which 
 stands the Cathedral, ornamented by a 
 stately spire, rising 178 feet from the 
 churchyard. The Foyle is crossed by 
 a wooden bridge 1068 feet in length by 
 40 feet in breadth, constructed by Le- 
 muel Cox, an inhabitant of Boston in 
 New England, which was begun in 
 1798, and completed in 1791, at the ex- 
 pense of L. 16,294. It has been fre- 
 quently repaired, and the sums requir- 
 ed were much greater than the origi- 
 nal cost. A turning bridge near the 
 western end admits the passage of ves- 
 sels up the river. The greatest depth 
 of the Foyle here at low water is tbirty- 
 onefeet, and the rise of tide is from five 
 to nine feet. The quays extend from 
 the bridge northward nearly a mile, 
 and terminate at the patent slip, con- 
 structed in 1830, at the expense of 
 L.4000, which answers all the pur- 
 poses of a dry-dock for vessels of 
 300 tons. A general ship-yard is at- 
 tached, in which vessels of upwards of 
 200 tons can be built. The depth of 
 620 
 
 water at the quays is from twelve to 
 fourteen feet at low water of neap 
 tides. Outside the walls, facing the 
 river, is the Custom House, a hollow 
 square of buildings. The walls and 
 ramparts are kept in repair, and form 
 a delightful promenade for the citi- 
 zens. 
 
 The three principal gates were re- 
 built between 1 803 and 1 808. Bishop’s- 
 gate, the entrance at the side occupied 
 by the Cathedral and Court House, 
 is an elegant triumphal arch, erected 
 by the Corporation in 1789, the year 
 of the centennial commemoration of 
 the siege. The Episcopal Palace is 
 within the walls, at the south-western 
 extremity of the city, near the Cathe- 
 dral. Between the Palace and the 
 Cathedral is the Court House, a fine 
 edifice, having a fapade of 126 feet, 
 with an Ionic portico of four columns, 
 with wings ornamented by Doric pi- 
 lasters, and surmounted by statues of 
 Justice and Peace. This building 
 was commenced in 1813, and cost 
 L.30,479. Outside the wal ! s is the 
 County Jail, a strong and spacious 
 building, which cost a similar sum, 
 completed in 1824. The Lunatic 
 Asylum for the counties of London- 
 derry, Donegal, and Tyrone, is a large 
 and handsome building. The reli- 
 gious edifices, exclusive of the Ca- 
 thedral, are the Free Church and 
 chapel of Ease, belonging to the Es- 
 tablishment, a Roman Catholic Cha- 
 pel, four Presbyterian, one Independ- 
 ent, and two Methodist meeting- 
 houses. 
 
 In 1836 there were in the city, sub- 
 urbs, and liberties, thirty-one daily 
 schools, supported entirely by the pu- 
 pils, and twelve daily schools support- 
 ed wholly or partly by subscriptions 
 and bequests. The Diocesan and 
 Free Grammar School, maintained by 
 the Bishop of Derry, the Irish So- 
 ciety, and the London Companies, has 
 an income of L.600 per annum ; and 
 Glyn’s Charitable Institution has an 
 annual income of L. 1870. In 1841 there 
 were upwards of eighty boys in this 
 establishment. The Irish Society 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 LON 
 
 contributes to the support of several | 
 schools, and two were in connection 
 with the National Board of Educa- 
 tion in 1834. There is a News-Room, 
 connected with which is a Public Lib- 
 rary, in the building partly occupied 
 by the Chamber of Commerce. The 
 Literary Society was established in 
 1834. In 1841 two weekly newspapers 
 were published. The Savings’ Bank 
 was instituted in 1816. The Branch 
 Banks in 1841 were those of the Bank 
 of Ireland, the Northern Banking 
 Company, the Provincial Banking 
 Company, and the Belfast Banking 
 Company. 
 
 The principal Charitable Institutions 
 of Londonderry are the Lunatic Asy- 
 lum, already mentioned, which was. 
 opened in 1829, and cost L. 29, 678 ; the 
 County Infirmary and Fever Hospital, 
 opened in 1810; the Dispensary, es- 
 tablished in 1819 ; the Mendicity So- 
 ciety, instituted in 1825, by Bishop 
 Knox ; the Poor Shop, for providing 
 the indigent with clothing and bedding 
 at prime cost ; and the Ladies’ Penny 
 Society, established in 1815, for the 
 -ilief of sick and indigent house-keep- 
 ers. The funds for the support of 
 the Lunatic Asylum were advanced 
 by Government, and repaid by the 
 counties of the District; and the Infir- 
 mary and Dispensary are supported 
 by annual subscriptions and Grand 
 Jury presentments. The value of the 
 Dispensary may be inferred from the 
 fact, that, during the year ending 30th 
 November 1831, no fewer than 2691 
 persons were relieved; dispensations, 
 15,000; vaccinations, 470; visits, 776; 
 midwifery cases, 135. Londonderry 
 is the seat of a Poor Law Union, and 
 during the first four weeks of the 
 opening of the Workhouse, ending in 
 November 1840, the number of per- 
 sons admitted was 299. 
 
 The Port of Londonderry is under 
 the control of a Committee constitut- 
 ed by the Act 2d and 3d William IV., 
 which also regulates the tonnage du- 
 ties. The quays were, previous to 
 1831, the property of the Corporation, 
 but now belong to companies and pri- 
 621 
 
 I vate individuals. In 1835 the number 
 of registered vessels connected with the 
 port was 43 ; tonnage, 6237. Several 
 steamers also belong to the port. In 
 1837 the number of vessels employed 
 in the foreign trade entered inwards 
 was 46; tonnage, 6237 ; outwards, 15; 
 tonnage, 4886 ; coastwise shipping, en- 
 tered inwards, 687 ; tonnage, 79,935 ; 
 outwards, 543; tonnage, 66,260. The 
 chief articles of import are sugar, 
 spirits (mostly whisky from Scotlaud) 
 tea, flax-seed, haberdashery, and wear 
 ing apparel, herrings, and other fish, 
 tallow, glass and earthenware, tobac- 
 co, coal, and culm ; total estimated 
 value of the imports in 1835, L. 708, 054. 
 The exports are meal and flour, provi- 
 sions, butter, flax and tow, spirits, 
 linen, cattle, sheep, pigs, eggs, untan- 
 ned hides and calf skins, and other 
 articles, the value of which, in that 
 year, is given at L. 1,040,774. Of this 
 large sum is that of L. 3 14,749, the value 
 of 5,035,992yards of linen, and L.55,094, 
 the value of not less than 33,056,000 
 eggs. In 1841 the quantity of goods 
 of all kinds carried out of the city 
 was upwards of 70,000 tons, including 
 between 50,000 and 60,000 tons of 
 goods imported; and the goods car- 
 ried into the city by inland convey- 
 ances exceeded 60,000 tons, of which 
 more than one half is exported. The 
 customs of the port for 1837 amount- 
 ed to L. 99,652 ; for 1840, L.103,900. It 
 will thus be seen that Derry ranks 
 next to Belfast in extent of general 
 trade in the north of Ireland. Exten- 
 sive business is done at the weekly 
 markets, and fairs are held on the 4th 
 ! of March, 30th of April, 17th of June, 
 4th and 18th of September, and 17th 
 of October. The grinding of corn, 
 chiefly oats, is carried on to a great 
 extent in the city and suburbs, and 
 there are extensive distilleries, a brew- 
 ery, large copper works, and metal 
 foundries. The salmon-fishery in the 
 Foyle belongs to the Irish Society, 
 and the produce has greatly increased 
 since the introduction of stake-nets. 
 The Gas Works were established by a 
 joint stock company in 1830. The 
 
LON 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 LON 
 
 city is supplied with water from a 
 tank on the opposite side of the river, 
 and is conveyed across the bridge by 
 pipes, which close by the same ma> 
 chinery that opens the turning plat- 
 form for the passage of vessels. Turf 
 fuel is procured from the bogs of Clon- 
 dermot, on the eastern side of the 
 Foyle. 
 
 By the Irish Municipal Act the 
 stylejof the Corporation is the Mayor, 
 Commonalty, and Citizens of Lon- 
 donderry ; and the city is divided into 
 the North, East, and South Wards, 
 each Ward returning two Aldermen 
 and six Councillors. The charter of 
 18th Charles II. constituted the Cor- 
 poration to consist of twelve Aider- 
 men, including the Mayor, twenty- 
 four chief Burgesses, and two She- 
 riffs. In February 1833 the Corpora- 
 tion owed a debt of L.66,444, of which 
 the sum of L.34,690 was paid off by 
 the sale of their then remaining pro- 
 perty, and they had only the annual 
 rent of L.2'71 of market tolls to pay 
 the balance, which, in 1838, had in- 
 creased to L. 32, 971 — by no means a 
 comfortable prospect for the credi- 
 tors. The city returns one Member 
 to the Imperial Parliament ; constitu- 
 ency in 1840 41, 698. Londonderry 
 gives the title of Marquis, in the Peer- 
 age of Ireland, to the Noble Family of 
 Stewart, said to be descended from a 
 common ancestor with the Earls of 
 Galloway in Scotland, viz. Sir William 
 Stewart of Garlies, whose second son, 
 Sir Thomas Stewart, was the ancestor 
 of John Stewart, Esq. of Ballylawn 
 Castle, the first of the family who set- 
 tled in Ireland, and received a terri- 
 torial grant from James I. in the 
 county of Donegal. Robert Stewart, 
 Esq. of Ballylawn Castle, in Donegal, 
 and Mount Stewart in Down, his li- 
 neal descendant, was created Baron 
 Stewart in 1789, Viscount Castlereagh 
 in 1795, and Marquis of Londonderry 
 in 1816. This nobleman, who died in 
 1821, was the father of the celebrated 
 statesman better known as Lord Vis- 
 count Castlereagh, who succeeded at 
 his father's death as second Marquis. 
 
 622 
 
 His Lordship died in a paroxysm of 
 mental derangement, at his English 
 residence of North Cray, on the 12th 
 of August 1822, while George IV. 
 was in Scotland, at which period he 
 held the office of Secretary of State 
 for Foreign Affairs, and was succeeded 
 by his half-brother, Lord Stewart, a 
 gallant soldier and diplomatist. Po- 
 pulation of the city in 1831, 10,130 ; in 
 1834, 13,285; in 1841, 17,590. 
 
 LONDONDERRY (Diocese). See 
 Derry. 
 
 LONG (LOUGH), a small lake in 
 the county of Monaghan, near the lit- 
 tle town of Drum, on the road from 
 Cootehill to Clones. On its shore is 
 the residence of Minore House. 
 
 LONGFORD, an inland county of 
 the Province of Leinster, bounded on 
 the north-west by the county of Lei- 
 trim, on the north-east by Cavan, on 
 the south east by Westmeath, and on 
 the south-west by Roscommon, from 
 which it is separated by a part of 
 Lough Ree and the Shannon. Ac- 
 cording to the Ordnance Survey, the 
 length from the Leitrim boundary 
 at Lough Gulladoo, on the north, to 
 the Westmeath boundary, is twenty- 
 nine statute miles; and the breadth 
 from the Shannon at Tarmonbarry 
 Bridge, on the west, to the Inny near 
 Lough Kinale, is twenty-two statute 
 miles. The area is estimated at 412 
 square miles, or 263,645 English acres, 
 of which 192,506 are cultivated, 192,506 
 uncultivated, and 15,892 under water. 
 The Baronies are, 1. Longford, on the 
 north-west ; 2. Granard, on the north- 
 east ; 3. Ardagh, on the east ; 4. Ab- 
 beyshruel, on the south ; 5. Rathcline, 
 on the south-west ; 6. Moydow, on the 
 west and centre. 
 
 The soil in the western parts is 
 comparatively inferior, on account of 
 the great tracts of bog and extent of 
 surface water ; but the tract towards 
 the valley of the Inny is rich and fer- 
 tile, consisting of a rich vegetable 
 mould, and producing either heavy 
 grain crops or sweet fattening pas- 
 ture. The district of Ballinamuck is 
 perhaps the least fertile part of the 
 
LON OF IRELAND. LON 
 
 county, though there are several fine 
 demesnes and good tracts of pasture- 
 land on the banks of Lough Ree. The 
 district between the Keenagh and the 
 Shannon is, next to Ballinamuck, the 
 least productive, and towards Lough 
 Ree is flat and boggy, and liable to 
 extensive winter floods. The angle 
 included between the Shannon and 
 the Rinn, which latter flows out of 
 Leitrim, is much encumbered with 
 bog; but the thriving town of New- 
 town-Forbes is situated in an open well 
 cultivated tract, between the western 
 termination of the Cairn Clonhugh 
 Hills and the Shannon. These hills 
 form one side of the Camlin, a river 
 which winds its course to the Shan- 
 non at Tarmonbarry through an open 
 and well improved country, its south- 
 ern bank ornamented by numerous 
 seats and luxuriantly planted de- 
 mesnes. The valleys of the Camlin 
 and the Inny are separated by a low 
 table-land, which only rises conspicu- 
 ously between 600 and 700 feet at 
 Slieve-Goldry. 
 
 The Shannon, between the points 
 where it is the boundary of the coun- 
 ty, has a coast line including windings 
 of about 50 miles, and the improve- 
 ment of its navigation must be of great 
 advantage to the whole district. The 
 Inny could also be rendered navigable. 
 The Royal Canal enters the county 
 near Abbey shruel, and is carried near- 
 ly parallel till it turns northward at 
 Ballymahon, from which it is parallel 
 to the course of the Keenagh. At 
 Abbeyshruel its elevation is 223 feet 
 above the level of the sea, and from 
 this point to Cloondara, where it is 
 139 feet, the descent is made by eight 
 locks. A branch of six miles is from 
 near Killashee across the Keenagh and 
 Ardagh rivers to the town of Long- 
 ford. The roads and highways are 
 kept in good repair. 
 
 In the district watered by the Inny 
 great quantities of butter are made by 
 the farmers and cottars, and immense 
 numbers of pigs are reared. Little 
 attention is comparatively paid to 
 sheep, though the Cairn Clonhugh 
 623 
 
 Hills, extending ten miles from north- 
 east to south-west between Lough 
 Gouna and the Shannon, offer many 
 pastoral advantages. There are brisk 
 markets for wheat, oats, and barley, 
 but green crops are neglected. The 
 condition of the peasantry is said to 
 be very poor, and they live almost en- 
 tirely on vegetable food. The linen 
 manufacture is carried on at New- 
 town-Forbes, and that of coarse flan- 
 nels and friezes for home consump- 
 tion throughout the county. 
 
 The expenses are defrayed by Grand 
 Jury presentments, and may be esti- 
 mated at probably L. 13,000 per an- 
 num, one half of which is for roads, 
 bridges, public buildings, charities, 
 salaries, and other general purposes. 
 The county returns two members to 
 the Imperial Parliament; constitu- 
 ency in 1840-1, 1465. Population in 
 1831, 112,558. 
 
 LONGFORD, a town in the county 
 and Barony of its name, and parish of 
 Temple-Michael, is finely situated in 
 a plain on the south bank of the Cam- 
 lin, about 60 Irish miles from Dublin 
 by Kinnegad, Mullingar, Rathowen, 
 and Edgeworthstown. This town, 
 which is the principal one in the 
 county, is well built, and has a cheer- 
 ful and animated appearance ; and in 
 extent and trade, both wholesale and 
 retail, is probably the most important 
 and thriving place between Dublin 
 and Sligo. It is environed by a plain 
 in which bogs, swamps, pastures, and 
 tillage lands, prevail alternately. The 
 principal streets are well built; and 
 there are large stores, corn-mills, tan- 
 yards, and breweries. The extension 
 of the Royal Canal to Longford in 1830 
 has been of great advantage. The 
 town has an elegant parish church, a 
 commodious Roman Catholic chapel, 
 and a small Presbyterian and Method- 
 ist meeting-house. The County Court- 
 House and Jail, and the Cavalry and 
 Artillery Barracks, are on the opposite 
 side of the Camlin. The Earl of 
 Longford, who died in 1835, was a 
 great benefactor to the town, and 
 built the butter market and shambles. 
 
LOR THE GAZETTEER LOU 
 
 Markets are held for the sale of yarn 
 and brown linens, and fairs in June, 
 August, and October. The district 
 school for the Dioceses of Ardagh and 
 Meath, and a charter school for 43 
 boys, founded and endowed by Lord 
 Longford in 1753, are in the town. 
 The Branch Banks in 1841 were those 
 of the Bank of Ireland and of the Na- 
 tional Bank of Ireland. Longford 
 was incorporated by charter 20th of 
 Charles II., and the governing body 
 are styled the Sovereign, Bailiffs, and 
 Burgesses. The paving and cleaning 
 are under the control of commission- 
 ers under the Act 9th George IV. 
 Longford gave the title of Earl to the 
 family of Aungier. Thomas Paken- 
 ham, Esq., married in 1739 the niece 
 of Ambrose Aungier, second and last 
 Earl of Longford of that family, the 
 Earldom having become extinct at his 
 death in 1704. This gentleman was 
 created Baron Longford in 1756, and 
 his lady was advanced to the dignity 
 of Viscountess in 1785. His grand- 
 son Thomas, third Lord, inherited 
 the Earldom of Longford at the death 
 of his grandmother the Countess Eli- 
 zabeth, in 1794, and was created Baron 
 Silchester in the Peerage of Great 
 Britain in 1821. Edward, second Lord 
 Longford, was the father of the Hon. 
 Catherine, who married in 1806 the 
 Duke of Wellington, and died in 1831. 
 The seats of the Noble Family of 
 Pakenham in Ireland are Longford 
 Castle, county of Longford, and Pa- 
 kenham Hall in Westmeath. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4516. 
 
 LONG-ISLAND, an inhabited island 
 belonging to the parish of Skull, coun- 
 ty of Cork, on a harbour forming one 
 side of Roaring- Water-Bay. It is two 
 miles long by half a mile broad, and 
 is tolerably well cultivated. This 
 island is a station for a detachment of 
 the Coast Guard. It was formerly 
 called Misfadda, or the Isle of Dogs. 
 
 LONG WOOD, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Clonard, county of Meath. 
 
 LORRAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Lower Or- 
 mond, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 624 
 
 cese of Killaloe. The village of Lor- 
 ragh is ten miles from Birr. Here 
 was an Abbey of Canons-Xtegular 
 founded by one St Ruadan in the 
 sixth century, who is said to have 
 presided over a garrison of 150 monks, 
 and after his death he very consider- 
 ately continued his services to the 
 holy men as their patron saint. His 
 hand was preserved in the Abbey, in- 
 closed in a silver case, until the sup- 
 pression of the religious houses. Wal- 
 ter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, founded 
 a Dominican Friary here in 1269. A 
 grand gathering of Dominican Friars, 
 150 in number, clothed in their pecu- 
 liar habits, was convened here in 1688, 
 but the result of the war of the Revo- 
 lution gave a very different turn to 
 affairs from what they anticipated. 
 Population of the parish in 1831, 4004. 
 
 LORUM, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Idrone East, county of 
 Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1507. Post-town, 
 Leighlin Bridge. 
 
 LOUGHANLEAGH, a mountain 
 in the county of Cavan, 1100 feet in 
 height, near the base of which are the 
 hamlet of Muff, and the residence of 
 Heath Lodge on the road from King’s 
 Court to Cootehill. 
 
 LOUGH-A-PREAGHAN, a small 
 lake in the vicinity of those of An- 
 derrow and Shindella, on the route 
 from Oughterard to Clifden, county 
 of Galway. 
 
 LOUG H BR ACC AN. See Nobber. 
 
 LOUGHBRICKLAND, a village 
 in the parish of Aghaderg, coun- 
 ty of Down, 59 Irish miles from Dub- 
 lin, and about nine miles from Newry, 
 on the road from Dublin to Belfast. 
 It is near the lake of its name, which 
 covers 145 acres. It is a place of lit- 
 tle trade, but the linen manufacture 
 is extensively carried on, and fairs are 
 held on the third Tuesday of each 
 month, and annually on the 28th of 
 March. Close to the village is Lough- 
 brickland House. The English, un- 
 der William III. and Prince George 
 of Denmark (consort of Queen Anne), 
 had their first rendezvous at this 
 
LOU 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 LOU 
 
 place after landing, and the camp ex- 
 tended in two lines, one occupied by 
 the cavalry and the other by the in- 
 | fantry, as far as Scarvagh and Poyntz- 
 Pass. Population in 1831, 618. 
 
 LOUGHCREW, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Demi- 
 fore, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 on the road from Athboy to Oldcastle. 
 Here is the seat of Loughcrew House, 
 a splendid modern Grecian mansion 
 erected from designs by Mr Cockerell 
 of London, situated on a beautiful na- 
 tural terrace, and commanding fine 
 picturesque views of the rising plan- 
 tations which sweep round the adja- 
 cent hills. This mansion and demesne 
 are in the centre of a hilly district, 
 and the grounds and plantations are 
 j skilfully arranged, forming a striking 
 I contrast to the flat district between 
 the hills and Dublin. Population in 
 | 1831, 1394. Post-town, Oldcastle. 
 
 LOUGHFAY, a tributary of the 
 ! Lagan, which traverses the beautiful 
 demesne of Loughfay, in which is the 
 fine mansion, in the Elizabethan style, 
 erected by E. J. Shirley, Esq., the 
 proprietor, two miles from the village 
 and church of Ballymacknay, and ad- 
 joining the town of Carrickmacross. 
 
 LOUGHGALL, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Ar- 
 magh and O’Neilland West, county 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh. The 
 prettily situated village of Loughgall 
 is about four miles from Armagh, on 
 the road to Dungannon by Charle- 
 mont, and near it are the demesnes of 
 Loughgall and Drumilly, a small lake 
 in the former giving its name to the 
 parish. Population in 1831, 5934. 
 
 LOUGHG1LL, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Dun- 
 luce (Upper Half) and Kilconway. It 
 is a very extensive district, contain- 
 ing several villages. Here is Lissa- 
 nour Castle, the residence of the late 
 Earl Macartney, on the picturesque 
 shores of Loughgill. Fairs are held 
 at the village of Loughgill on the 19th 
 February, June, August, and Novem- 
 ber. Population in 1831, 6379. 
 
 LOUGHGILLY, a parish and rec- 
 625 
 
 tory respectively in the Baronies of [i 
 Fewes and Upper and Lower Orior. 
 The seat of Loughgilly. House, and 
 small village so called, are six miles 
 from Newry, on the road to Armagh 
 by Marketliill. Population in 1831, 
 10,198. See Mountmorris. 
 
 LOUGHGLYN, a small village and 
 lake in the parish of Taughboyne, 
 county of Roscommon, six miles from 
 Castlerea, on the cross-road to Fox- 
 ford. The cabins of this village are 
 superior to those generally seen in 
 this quarter, and some have preten- 
 sions to be comfortable houses. Here 
 are a Roman Catholic chapel and a 
 Dispensary, and a short distance west 
 of the village is the parish church » 
 Formerly Loughglyn stood much i 
 nearer the lake from which it receives j 
 its name, and the site is marked by j 
 two gigantic ash -trees, which, accord- 
 ing to tradition, grew in the centre of 
 the street. The present village is 
 separated from Lord Viscount Dillon’s 
 demesne of Loughglyn by a thick 
 screen of plantations. The demesne 
 is almost surrounded by bogs and 
 lakes, yet it is remarkably romantic, 
 aud contains fine hanging woods. His 
 Lordship’s mansion, a large and mas- 
 sive edifice, is on the north side of 
 the lake. Among the woods on the 
 southern side of the lake are the re- 
 mains of the old castle of Loughglyn, 
 founded by one of the Fitzgeralds of 
 Mayo, descended from Honora, daugh- 
 ter of Hugh O’ Conor, titular King of 
 Connaught. It was a building of con- 
 siderable strength, defended at each 
 angle by a tower, and the western one 
 was in such tolerable preservation at 
 the end of the eighteenth century as 
 to be used for the custody of prisoners 
 till they were conveyed to the County 
 Jail. The lake in the demesne is 
 nearly an Irish mile in length. “ Its 
 scenery,” says Mr Weld, u is all of the 
 softer kind ; smooth green banks slop- 
 ing down to the water’s edge, or in- 
 termingled with trees; one island 
 covered with wood, which breaks the 
 continuous view of the lake, and gives 
 considerable variety tO'the outlines.” 
 3a. 
 
LOU THE GAZETTEER LOU 
 
 Roads branch off from the village into 
 the county of Mayo, as also to different 
 parts of Roscommon. North-east of 
 Loughglyn is the hill of Fairymount, 
 of no very great height, and cultivat- 
 ed almost to the summit. Branches 
 of the rivers Lung and Suck take their 
 course from its base. 
 
 LOUGHILL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Lower Con- 
 nello, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick, bn the Shannon. The village of 
 Loughill is on the road from the little 
 town of Askeaton to Tarbert and Lis- 
 towell, and near it is Mount-Tren- 
 chard, the seat of the Right Hon. 
 Thomas Spring Rice, created Lord 
 Monteagle in the Peerage of Great Bri- 
 tain. It is curious that his Lordship 
 should have chosen the very title by 
 which the Marquis of Sligo sits in the 
 House of Peers as a Baron of Great 
 Britain. Population in 1831, 1849. 
 Post-town, Shanagolden. 
 
 LOUGHIN-ISLAND, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Kinalearty, 
 county and Diocese of Down, forming 
 the corps of the Precentorship of that 
 Diocese. The lake which gives its 
 name to the parish is about three 
 miles west of the village of Clough, 
 near the road from Castlewellan to 
 Downpatrick. Population in 1831, 
 6574. Post-town, Clough. 
 
 LOUGHINSHGLIN, a Barony of 
 the county of Londonden*y, divided 
 into 17 parishes, and containing seve- 
 ral towns and villages. The surface 
 is remarkably uneven, and abounding 
 with sudden elevations, intervening 
 lakes, and a vast extent of bogs. 
 
 LOUGHLINSTOWN, a pleasantly 
 situated village, in a valley watered by 
 two streams, eight miles from Dublin, 
 on the road to Bray. 
 
 LOUGH-MASK, a village on the 
 eastern bank of the noble lake of its 
 name. See Mask. 
 
 LOUGHMOE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Eliogarty, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel, 
 divided into East and West Lough- 
 moe. Population in 1831, 2878. Post- 
 town, Templemore. 
 
 626 
 
 LOUGHMORE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Mungret, county of the city 
 and Diocese of Limerick, at which are 
 some remains of Mungret- Abbey. 
 
 LOUGHREA, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of its name, 
 county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 Clonfert. The town of Loughrea, 
 87 Irish miles from Dublin, and about 
 eleven miles from Athloneto Galway, 
 is pleasantly situated on the banks of 
 the lake so called, in the centre of a 
 very fertile part of the county. It is 
 a straggling, ill-built, and neglected 
 place, of which the Marquis of Clan- 
 ricarde is the proprietor. It contains 
 a very neat parish church designed by 
 Mr Paine, a Roman Catholic chapel, 
 the Liben and Yarn Hall, built in 1802 
 by Lord Clonbrock, and small Bar- 
 racks for Cavalry and Infantry. Here 
 are a Carmelite Friary and Nunnery, 
 to the former of which is attached a 
 neat chapel, the ruins of an abbey in 
 good preservation, and a singularly 
 beautiful promenade, overshadowed 
 with very old trees. Much of the 
 produce of the surrounding district 
 is sold at Loughrea, and carried to 
 Galway ; narrow linens and coarse 
 diapers are exposed for sale at the 
 w r eekly markets ; brewing and tanning 
 are carried on ; and the retail trade is 
 considerable. Here are several neat 
 private residences. Adjoining the 
 town is the seat of Mount-Pleasant, 
 and to the south is that of Mason- 
 brook. The town is governed by a 
 seneschal. The country northwards, 
 though the soil is good, has a most 
 desolate aspect, and is a most exten- 
 sive plain. Loughrea is a lake about 
 five miles in circumference. The 
 water is considered unfit for culinary 
 purposes. The only fish are pike. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 6268 ; of parish, 7876. 
 
 LOUGH-REE. See Ree. 
 
 LOUGH-ROS-BEG, and Lough- 
 ros-more, two small bays on the coast 
 of Donegal, which bound the Barony 
 of Bannagh on the north. 
 
 LOUGH-SHINNY, a small harbour 
 in the parish of Lusk, county of Dub- 
 lin. 
 
LOU 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 LOU 
 
 LOUGHTEE, a Barony of the 
 county of Cavan, divided into Upper 
 and Lower, comprising eleven pa- 
 rishes, and of a generally level sur- 
 face, interspersed with bog. The in- 
 habitants are chiefly occupied in agri- 
 culture and the linen manufacture. 
 
 LOUISB r RGH, a small village in 
 the county of Mayo, ten miles from 
 the town of Westport, on the coast of 
 Killery Harbour. 
 
 LOUTH, the smallest county in 
 Ireland, in the Province of Leinster, 
 is bounded on the north by the county 
 of Armagh, and by the Bay of Car- 
 lingford, which latter separates it 
 from the county of Down; on the 
 west by the county of Monaghan ; on 
 the south and south-west by Meath*; 
 and on the east by the Irish Channel. 
 The length from the Mattock river 
 on the south, to the Armagh boun- 
 dary on the north, is 25 statute miles ; 
 and from Dunany Point on the east 
 to Meath boundary 15 statute miles; 
 but from the sea at Dundalk Bridge to 
 the Monaghan boundary the breadth 
 is only between six and seven miles. 
 The surface is estimated to comprise 
 322 square miles, or 206,261 acres, of 
 which 191,345 are cultivated, and 
 14,916 are unimproved mountain and 
 bog. The county is divided into the 
 Baronies of Lower Dundalk, contain- 
 ing the town of Carlingford; Upper 
 Dundalk, in which is the parliamen- 
 tary borough of Dundalk ; Louth, 
 which has the town of Louth ; Ardee, 
 in which are the towns of Ardee and 
 Castle-Bellingharn ; and Ferrard, con- 
 taining the towns of Collon, Dunleer, 
 and several villages. The Barony of 
 Lower Dundalk comprises the north- 
 east part of the county ; Upper Dun- 
 dalk the north-west ; Louth the cen- 
 tre; Ardee the south-west and cen- 
 tre; and Ferrard the south. 
 
 This county is the north-eastern 
 portion of the great central plain of 
 Ireland. From the Boyne to Dun- 
 dalk, the highest of the eminences is 
 Belpatrick, near the Meath boundary, 
 and this elevation is not 800 feet. A 
 low hilly range, cultivated to the top, 
 627 
 
 extends from Collon to the promon- 
 tory of Clogher Head; the highest 
 ground is Tullyesker Hill, 620 feet, 
 and the promontory is upwards of 180 
 feet above the Irish Channel. The 
 county between these heights and the 
 Boyne, except on the banks of that 
 river, is comparatively devoid of in- 
 terest. The northern slope of this 
 hilly range spreads into an open undu- 
 lating plain, almost entirely under til- 
 lage, extending, without any conspi- 
 cuous eminence, as far as the river of 
 Dundalk, and traversed from west to 
 east by the Dee, the Glyde or Clyde, 
 and the Fane. The surrounding dis- 
 tricts are, for the most part, in fine 
 cultivation, especially the level lands 
 towards the coast. The principal ele- 
 vations are in the direction of Carling- 
 ford Lough (see Carlingford) and 
 the Armagh boundary. A consider- 
 able level tract extends from these 
 mountains to the sea along the side 
 bounded by Dundalk Bay, towards 
 the extremity of the peninsula. This 
 tract terminates in the low points of 
 Ballagan, which is the southern bound- 
 ary of Carlingford Lough, the valley 
 of the mountain region traversed by 
 the Big and Little Rivers, and the 
 highest elevation being Baruavave on 
 the east, and Slieve-na-Gloch, on the 
 west, respectively 1142 and 1024 feet. 
 
 The principal crops are wheat, 
 oats, and barley, and farming in gene- 
 ral is carried on in a superior manner : 
 the fences are usually of quickset, and 
 the lands are well drained. Green 
 crops are grown by all the gentlemen 
 farmers. In the hilly districts, how- 
 ever, the condition of the peasantry is 
 very poor, and agriculture in the 
 most wretched state. The principal 
 manufacture is linen ; and the fisher- 
 ies give employment to between 1000 
 and 2000 persons. Iron and lead ore 
 are the only useful minerals hitherto 
 observed, but nowhere in sufficient 
 quantities to induce mining opera- 
 tions. The numerous antiquities of 
 the county are detailed in the vo- 
 lume entitled Louthiana, published 
 at Dubliu in 1758, to which the reader 
 
LUC THE GAZETTEER LUG 
 
 is referred. The forfeitures which 
 resulted from the Rebellion of 1641 
 extended over nearly the whole coun- 
 ty ; and those caused by the Revolu- 
 tion of 1688 included 22,508 acres, of 
 the estimated value at the time of 
 L. 82, 310. 
 
 The county expenses are defrayed 
 by Grand Jury presentments, and the 
 levied amount averages about L. 12,000 
 per annum. Louth returns two Mem- 
 bers to the Imperial Parliament ; con- 
 stituency in 1840-1, 914. Population 
 in 1831, 107,481. 
 
 LOUTH, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony and county of 
 its name, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 The insignificant village of Louth is 
 about five miles from Ardee, not far 
 from the hamlet of Mullacrew, at which 
 latter place fairs are held. The small 
 village of Mills-of-Louth is in the vici- 
 nity. According to the traditionary 
 and ecclesiastical records, Louth was 
 a town of considerable importance 
 in the eleventh and twelfth centu- 
 ries. It gives the title of Baron, in 
 the Peerage of Ireland, to a branch of 
 the Plunket Family, descended from 
 a common ancestor with the Earls of 
 Fingal and the Barons Dunsany. Sir 
 Oliver Plunket, Knight of Kilfaran, 
 was created Baron Louth in 1541. 
 Oliver, sixth Lord, was outlawed in 
 1641, but Thomas, eleventh Lord, was 
 restored to his rank in 1798. The fa- 
 mily seat is Louth- Hall, three miles 
 from Ardee, in the neighbourhood of 
 Louth village. Population in 1831, 
 613; of parish, 9721. 
 
 LOWEY or Lavy, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Loughtee, 
 county of Cavan, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more. Population in 1831, 6305. Post- 
 town, Cavan. 
 
 LOWTHERSTOWN, also Irvines- 
 town, a village in the parish of Derry- 
 vollen, county of Fermanagh. 
 
 LOYD HILL. See Kells. 
 
 LUCAN, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Newcastle, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The town of Lucan is about seven 
 Irish miles from Dublin, on the road 
 628 
 
 to Maynooth, in a beautiful and ro- 
 mantic glen, traversed by the Liffey. 
 This is one of the many delightful en- 
 virons of the city of Dublin, the banks 
 of the Liffey, being adorned with neat 
 villas, rustic cottages, gardens, planta- 
 tions, and extensive fields of strawber- 
 ries. Lucan House is a fine resi- 
 dence, the wooded grounds stretching 
 a considerable way on both sides of 
 the river. Half a mile from Lucan is 
 the chalybeate spa, in great repute, 
 connected with which is a neat and 
 commodious hotel. “ Below the 
 
 hotel,” says the author of a Tour in 
 Connaught, “and on the other side of 
 the road by the river’s bank, is the 
 spa, impregnated as strongly, perhaps, 
 as any other natural spring, with car- 
 bonate of lime and sulphurated nitro- 
 gen gas. There, as at Harrowgate, 
 citizens who, because they were good 
 livers, have now lad livers, hope to 
 have their visceral obstruction re- 
 moved ; and Connaught squires, whose 
 noses are rubicund with the juices of 
 the grape and the limpid distilleries of 
 John Barleycorn, find the roses re- 
 moving from the unseemly portion 
 of their noses, and retiring to the 
 | more natural and seemly station of 
 1 their cheeks.” Lucan gives the title 
 ! of Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the Noble Family of Bingham, so cre- 
 ated in 1795. Population in 1831, 
 
 1229. 
 
 LUDDENBEG, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly. Population in 1831, 837. Post- 
 town, Limerick. 
 
 LUGDUFF, a mountain in the 
 county of Wicklow, separated from the 
 Derrybawm Mountain by the Poola- 
 nass rivulet. See Glendalough. 
 
 LUGNAQ.UILLA, a mountain in 
 the county of Leitrim, about 1500 feet 
 above the level of the sea. It abounds 
 with coal of good quality, and a pit is 
 open at a place called Meneask, up- 
 wards of 1000 feet above the level of 
 Lough Allen. 
 
 LUGNAQUILLA, the highest of 
 the Wicklow Mountains, in the direc- 
 
LUR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 LYN 
 
 tion of Balhuglass, 3039 feet above the j 
 level of the sea. 
 
 LULLIAMORE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Carbery, county 
 and Diocese of Kildare. The exten- 
 sive Bog of Lulliamore is part of the 
 great Bog of Allen. Post-town, Eden- 
 derry. 
 
 LUMFORD, a romantic glen near 
 the town of Fintona, in the county of 
 Tyrone. 
 
 LUNE, a Barony of the county of 
 Meath, in the western division of the 
 county, divided into four parishes. 
 
 LUNG, a stream which drains a 
 considerable portion of the more east- 
 erly parts of the county of Mayo, and 
 is one of the principal feeders of Lough 
 Gara. 
 
 LURGAN, a town in the parish of 
 Shankill, county of Armagh, seven 
 miles from Bannbridge, on the road 
 to Antrim, and two miles from the 
 extremity of Lough Neagh. It is si- 
 tuated in a flat district, at the north- 
 ern end of the county, and is a re- 
 markably neat, clean, and pleasant 
 little town. The linen manufacture 
 is extensively carried on, as also cam- 
 brics, lawns, diapers, damasks, and 
 cottons ; a good corn-market is esta- 
 blished, and fairs are held on the 5th 
 and Gth of August, and the 22d and 
 23d of November. The public build- 
 ings are the parish church, Court 
 Hall, and Bridewell. Lurgan is a 
 great thoroughfare, and is greatly in- 
 debted to the Brownlow Family, its 
 proprietors, whose elegant residence 
 of Lurgan House is in the vicinity — a 
 fine specimen of the Elizabethan style, 
 built of Scotish freestone, from a de- 
 sign by Playfair. Charles Brownlow, 
 Esq., of Lurgan, was created Baron 
 Lurgan, in the Peerage of the United 
 Kingdom, in 1839. Population in 1831, 
 2842. 
 
 j LURGAN, a parish, rectory and 
 I vicarage, in the Barony of Castlerahan, 
 county of Cavan, and Diocese of Kil- 
 more. Population in 1831, 6337. 
 Post-town, Virginia. 
 
 LURGANBOY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Killasnet, county of Leitrim, 
 about three miles from Manor-Hamil- 
 ton. The demesne of Lurganboy is 
 romantically situated at the base of 
 the Benbo Mountain, watered by the 
 Bonnet river. 
 
 LURG AN-GREEN ; a village in the 
 parish of Dromiskin, county of Louth, 
 three miles from Castle-Bellingham, 
 near the Fane stream. 
 
 LURGE, a Barony of the county of 
 Fermanagh, divided into eight pa- 
 rishes. 
 
 LUSK, a parish and vicarage, di- 
 vided into East, West, and Middle 
 Lusk, in the Baronies of Nethercross 
 and Balrothery, county and Archdio- 
 cese of Dublin. The ancient village 
 of Lusk is four miles from Swords, 
 and contains a spacious church and 
 elegant Roman Catholic chapel. An 
 abbey was founded here in very early 
 times, and there is still remaining an 
 old pillar tower. Population in 1831, 
 3420. 
 
 LUSMAGH. See Kilmacunna. 
 
 LYN ALLY, or Lin ally, a parish 
 and impropriate rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Ballycowan, King's County, 
 and Diocese of Meath. Here are the 
 seats of Charleville, Screggan, Lyn- 
 ally, Cluna, and Rosse. The Roman 
 Catholic chapel is at Mucknow. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1846. Post-town, 
 Tullamore, in the vicinity. 
 
 LYNN, a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Fartullagh, county of West- 
 meath, and Diocese of Meath, on 
 Lough Ennel. Population in 1831, 
 1227. Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 629 
 
MAC 
 
 MAC 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 M. 
 
 MAAM, or Corrib Lodge, in the 
 county of Galway, is nearly 131 Irish 
 miles from Dublin, and twelve miles 
 from Cong. It is in the Connemara 
 district. See Connemara. 
 
 MAAM IN A, an elevated pass in 
 the group of Binahola, or the Twelve 
 Pins, county of Galway. See Bina- 
 bola. 
 
 MAAM TURC, a rugged moun- 
 tain on the route from Oughterard- 
 by the Halfway-House to Kenvyle, 
 which commands a splendid view of 
 the northern sides of the Binahola 
 group. 
 
 MACART’S FORT, a large mound 
 on the summit of the Divis Mountain 
 near Belfast. See Belfast. 
 
 MACETOWN, a parochial chapel- 
 ry in the Barony of Skreene, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Post-town, 
 Dunshaughlin. 
 
 MACGILLIGAN, or Tamlagh- 
 tard, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Kenauglit, county 
 of Londonderry, and Diocese of Der- 
 ry, on the sea-coast, and entrance 
 to Lough Foyle. The shore in this 
 quarter is peculiarly dreary. Here is 
 a rabbit warren, comprising upwards 
 of 2400 acres, and the fur of the ani- 
 mals is said to be very superior, caus- 
 ed by the ample supply of pasture, 
 bent, and moss. St Columb is said to 
 have founded a monastery here, which 
 was designated his Shrine , and became 
 eventually rich, but was plundered 
 by one Dermot Hua Lochiuin in 1203. 
 Macgilligan Point is a prominent cape 
 at the east entrance into Lough Foyle, 
 and a vast sandy plain extends at its 
 base at low water. Population in 1831, 
 7353. Post-town, Newtown-Lima- 
 vady. 
 
 M A CGILL Y CUDDY’ S REEKS, a 
 chain of lofty, rugged, and pict uresque 
 mountains in the county of Kerry, se- 
 630 
 
 parated from the Tomies and Glena 
 range by the Gap of Dunloe. The 
 highest of the Reeks is Carran-Tual, 
 or the Inverted Reaping-Hook , the 
 several parts of which are 2499 feet, 
 2250 feet, and 1715 feet above the le- 
 vel of the sea. The outline of the 
 summits of this stupendous moun- 
 tain range is much dentated, and the 
 sides present a succession of dark 
 mural cliffs. The Reeks extend ten 
 miles from north-west to south-east, 
 subsiding into the plain at the head of 
 Dingle Bay on the north. “ The 
 Irish name,” says Mr Windele, “ is 
 Cruacha dhuMac Gilli cuddy, the Black 
 Reeks of Mac Gillicuddy. The latter 
 portion of the name is derived from 
 an ancient sept of the O’Sullivans, 
 distinguished by the adoption of a 
 patronymic, signifying the son of a 
 servant of Cuddy or Coda.” It seems 
 that the chiefs of this sept lost their 
 patrimonial property by forfeitures, 
 but a portion of it was recovered by 
 petition, and the residence of Mac- 
 Gillicuddy of the Reeks is Whitefield, 
 in the vicinity of his own mountains. 
 This vast range was covered to a 
 great height with wood, to the middle 
 of the seventeenth century, when the 
 Iron Works erected near the Carra 
 by Sir William Petty caused their de- 
 struction for fuel. 
 
 MACKNO (LOUGH), a lake in the 
 county of Monaghan, which discharges 
 itself into the smaller Lough Ross, 
 one of the feeders of the Fane river, 
 traversing the centre of Louth, and 
 falling into Dundalk Bay at Lurgan- 
 Green. 
 
 MACLONEIGH, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of West Mus- 
 kerry, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 on the Lee river. Population in 1831, 
 1520. Post-town, Macromp. 
 
 MACNEAN (LOUGHS), two lakes 
 
MAC 
 
 MAC OF IRELAND. 
 
 in the county of Fermanagh, called 
 Upper and Lower Macnean, separated 
 from each other by a neck of land 
 half a mile in breadth. The Upper 
 Lake is about four miles long by from 
 one and a half to half a mile broad, 
 bounded on the north by the wild, 
 hilly, and uncultivated tract which 
 extends westward to Lough Melvin. 
 The Lower Lake is about two and a 
 half miles in length by one mile in 
 breadth, the northern shores varied 
 by the grounds of Marie Bank, which 
 are part of the splendid demesne of 
 Florence Court. 
 
 MACOLLOP, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Coshmore, 
 county of Waterford, and Diocese of. 
 Lismore, on the Blackwater. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3710. Post-town, Lis- 
 more. 
 
 MACOSQUIN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Coleraine, county of 
 Londonderry, and Diocese of Derry, 
 on the Bann river . The small village 
 of its name is on the road to Garvagh. 
 Population in 1831, 6339. 
 
 MACROMP, or Macroom, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of West Muskerry, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. The 
 old market and post-town of Macromp 
 is upwards of 146 Irish miles from 
 Dublin, and 20i miles from Cork, on 
 the road to Inchageelah, the Glen of 
 Kaim-an-eigh, and Bantry. It stands 
 on a neck of land formed by the con- 
 fluence of the Sullane and the Lee 
 rivers, and is a place of considerable 
 extent, but straggling and irregularly 
 built. The town has been compared 
 to an irregular spindle, large in the 
 middle and small in the extremities, 
 having Brogue- Maker's Street on the 
 south, and Boher-na- Sup, or Wisp 
 Lane , on the north side of the river. 
 The centre is the principal part of 
 the town, in which are the houses of 
 the traders and shopkeepers, and of 
 the resident families. In front of a 
 tenement used as an inn is the new 
 Market-House, and on the east side 
 of the street was the old Bridewell, 
 which was long ornamented with the 
 631 
 
 spiked heads of a number of wretches 
 who were executed shortly before the 
 Rebellion of 1798, for murdering an 
 old gentleman who inhabited a lonely 
 mansion on the north side of the river. 
 Near the site of this dismal edifice is 
 the beautiful small parish church of 
 St Coleman, from a design of Mr G. 
 R. Pain ; and the Roman Catholic 
 chapel is a plain edifice on the hill- 
 side, in a conspicuous situation. Be- 
 yond the river are the handsome new 
 Sessions-House and Bridewell. The 
 Castle of Macroom, which is entered 
 by a castellated gateway in the town, 
 and the beautiful grounds ornament- 
 ed by some fine old trees, occupies a 
 gentle elevation at the extremity of 
 the demesne watered by the Sullane. 
 It consists of a huge square of mason- 
 ry, all the other parts having been re- 
 moved, and is still inhabited after a 
 renovation, during which several 
 large church-looking Gothic windows 
 were introduced. King John, the 
 Carews, and the Daltons, are severally 
 alleged as the founders, but it was 
 more probably the erection of the 
 O’Flyns, from whom it derives its 
 name of O’Flyn’s Castle. It was 
 burnt in 1641, and vtas repaired by the 
 Earl of Macarty. During the wars 
 of the Revolution, it was occupied in 
 turns by the forces of James II. and 
 William III. It is said that Admiral 
 Sir William Penn, father of the cele- 
 brated founder of Pennsylvania, was 
 born in Macromp Castle, but this is a 
 mistake, if the inscription on his 
 tomb at Bristol is correct, which 
 states that he was a native of that 
 city. The market-day in Macromp is 
 Saturday, and fairs are held on the 
 12th of May, July, September, and 
 November. The country round the 
 town is varied and diversified. To 
 the north is the commencement of 
 the extensive mountain range which 
 bounds the counties of Cork and 
 Kerry, and stretches westward to the 
 ocean. Several villas are in the vi- 
 cinity of the town. Population of 
 the town in 1831, 2058 ; of the parish 
 in 1834, 6043. 
 
MAG 
 
 MAG 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 MACRONY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Condons and Clon- 
 gibbons, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne. Population in 1831, 2786. 
 Post-town, Kilworth. 
 
 MACSWINE’S BAY, an inlet in 
 the Bay of Donegal, separated on the 
 east from Inver Bay by the narrow 
 peninsula of St John’s. Bruekless 
 Harbour is a minor inlet in Mac- 
 Svviue^s Bay, which receives the moun- 
 tain stream called the Corker, and on 
 the shore are the ruins of MacSwine’s 
 Castle. 
 
 MACSWINE’S GUN, a great na- 
 tural curiosity in the neighbourhood 
 of the town of Dunfanaghy, county 
 of Donegal. It is a remarkable per- 
 foration of the ocean on that dreary 
 headland of Horn Head, exposed to the 
 fury of the Atlantic, against which, 
 impelled by the winds, the sea rushes 
 with irresistible fury into the low 
 cavern, and is forced up the connect- 
 ed vertical aperture to the height of 
 between 200 and 300 feet. The noise 
 is heard several miles inland. 
 
 MAGAUNAH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Tyrawley, coun- 
 ty of Mayo, and Diocese of Killala, on 
 the Owenmore river. Population in 
 1831, 1981. Post-town, Killala. 
 
 MAGE A, an inhabited island in 
 Lough Strangford. 
 
 MAGEE. See Island-Magee. 
 
 MAGH A REE, a cluster of islands, 
 called also the Seven Hogs, to the 
 north-east of St Brandon’s Bay, coun- 
 ty of Kerry. 
 
 MAGHERA, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Upper Iveagh, 
 county and Diocese of Down, on the 
 Castle wellan river, near its junction 
 with the sea. Near the village are 
 the ruins of a church, amid a densely 
 tenanted cemetery. Population in 
 1831, 1514. Post-town, Castlewellan. 
 
 MAGHERA, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Lougliinsholin, 
 county of Londonderry, and Diocese 
 of Derry. The market-town of Mag- 
 hera is six Irish miles from Mag. 
 herafelt, and upwards of eight miles 
 from Garvagh, on the road to Cole- 
 632 
 
 raine. This is a very ancient place 
 both in ecclesiastical and historical 
 annals, and the ruins of the old church 
 are interesting. Considerable quan- 
 tities of linen and agricultural pro- 
 duce are sold at the weekly markets, 
 and fairs are held on the last Tuesday 
 of every month, and on the 12th of 
 May. The Drapers* Company of 
 London support a school for boys and 
 one for girls. Population in 1831, 
 1154; of parish, 14,091. 
 
 MAGHERABOY, a Barony of the 
 county of Fermanagh, divided into 
 seven parishes, including part of the 
 town of Enniskillen and of Lough 
 Erne. 
 
 MAGHER ACLOONY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Farney, 
 county of Monaghan, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. Population in 1831, 8444. 
 Post-town, Carrickmacross. 
 
 MAGHERACREGAN, a village in 
 the parish of Ardstraw, county of 
 Tyrone, at which fairs are held on 
 the 6th of May, 4th of June, 13th of 
 August, 15th of October, 24th of No- 
 vember, and 17th of December. Post- 
 town, Newton-Stewart. 
 
 MAG HERA CROSS, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Tyrkennedy, county of Fermanagh, 
 and Diocese of Clogher, on the Tul- 
 lyclea stream. Population in 1831, 
 5313. Post-town, Enniskillen. 
 
 M AGHERACULMONLY, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Lurge, county of Fermanagh, and 
 Diocese of Clogher. Population in 
 1 83 ! , 645 1 . Post-to wn, Kish . 
 
 MAGHER ADROLL, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Kinalearty, 
 county of Down, and Diocese of Dro- 
 more, in a remote and barren dis- 
 trict. Population in 1831, 753Q. Post- 
 town, Ballynahinch. 
 
 MAGHERAFELT, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Lougliin- 
 sholin, county of Londonderry, and 
 Diocese of Derry. Th$ improving 
 town of Magherafelt Is four miles 
 from Money more, on the road to Cole- 
 raine by Maghera. The linen ma- 
 nufacture is here most extensively 
 
MAG OF IRELAND. MAG 
 
 carried on ; at the markets immense 
 quantities of linen, agricultural pro- 
 duce, and retail goods, are sold; its 
 cattle fairs, considered the largest in 
 the district, are held on the last 
 Thursday of each month ; also fairs 
 on the 25th of May and August ; and 
 branches of the Belfast Banking 
 Company, and of the Northern Bank- 
 ing Company, are in the town. Here 
 is a small Court or Market- House. 
 This place is the seat of a Presbytery, 
 belonging to the “ General Assembly 
 of the Presbyterian Church in Ire- 
 land.” The town belongs to the 
 Salters’ Company of London, but the 
 Marquis of Londonderry and Sir Ro- 
 bert Bateson, Bart., M. P., hold it and 
 the surrounding lands by lease under* 
 them. As the leases expire, however, 
 the Company take the farms into 
 their own hands, and improve or let 
 them on favourable terms. Popula- 
 tion of the town in 1831, 1436. 
 
 MAGHERAGALL, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Upper Half Barony of 
 Massareene, county of Antrim, and 
 Diocese of Connor. The village of 
 its name is seven miles from the post- 
 town of Morra. Population in 1831, 
 3102. 
 
 MAGHERAHAMLET, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 O’Neilland West, county of Armagh, 
 and Diocese of Dromore. Post-towm, 
 Lurgan. 
 
 MAGHERALIN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Lower Iveagh and O’Neilland East, 
 county of Armagh, and Diocese of 
 Dromore, on the Lagan river. The 
 village of Magheralin is two miles 
 from Lurgan on the Lisburn road, 
 and near it is the residence of Grace- 
 Hall. In the vicinity is a chalybeate 
 spring. The inhabitants of this vil- 
 lage and parish are actively engaged 
 in the linen manufacture. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 5058. 
 
 MAGHERALLY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Lower 
 Iveagh, county of Down, and Diocese 
 of Dromore. Population in 1831, 
 3189. Post-town, Bannbridge. 
 
 633 
 
 MAGHERAMESK, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Massareene, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, intersected by the Belfast 
 Canal, which in this quarter crosses 
 the Lagan river. Population in 1831, 
 1700. Post-town, Morra. 
 
 MAGHERASTEPHANA, a Ba- 
 rony of the county of Fermanagh, 
 divided into four parishes, and con- 
 taining the small towns of Lisnaskea, 
 Maguire’s Bridge, and Brookborough. 
 
 MAGHERAYOOLY, a small vil- 
 lage in the parish of Clecnish, county 
 of Fermanagh, at which fairs are held 
 on the 29th of May and 2d of October. 
 
 MAGHEROSS. See Carrickma- 
 cross. 
 
 M AGHERY, a village in the county 
 of Armagh, at which fairs are held 
 on the 31st of January, 30th of April, 
 24th of June, and 31st of October. 
 
 MAGHERYARD, a headland two 
 miles west of Glengad Head, coast of 
 Donegal, where the land rises 839 
 feet, the highest point on the northern 
 shore of the peninsula of Innishowen. 
 
 MAGLASS, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Forth, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, the rectory forming part of 
 the corps of the Deanery. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1012. Post-town, Wex- 
 ford. 
 
 MAGONIHY, a Barony of the coun- 
 ty of Kerry, divided into eleven pa- 
 rishes, and comprising the mountain- 
 ous district of the Lakes of Killarney. 
 
 MAGOURNEY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Bar- 
 retts and East Muskerry, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on the 
 Dupsey stream. Population in 1831, 
 2397. Post-town, Macroom. 
 
 MAGOWREY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 456. Post-town, Killenaule. 
 
 MAGUIRE’S-BRIDGE, a small 
 town or village in the parish of Agha- 
 lurcher, county of Fermanagh, tw'o 
 and a half miles from Lisnaskea, on 
 the cross-road leading to Clogher. 
 
MAJ THE GAZETTEER MAL 
 
 Fairs are held here on the first Wed- 
 nesday of each month, and also on the 
 17th of January and 2d of October. 
 
 MAHON, a stream which rises in 
 the Bog of Monevallagh, and flowing 
 through a deep valley in the county 
 of Waterford, enters St George’s 
 Channel in Bonmahon Bay. On its 
 banks are two districts abounding 
 with copper ore, one of which is leas- 
 ed b£ the Marquis of Ormonde to the 
 Hibernian Mining Company, and the 
 other by the Bishop of Waterford to 
 the Mining Company of Ireland. 
 
 MAHOUNAGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, with a village so called, 
 in the Barony of Upper Connello, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3846. Post-town, 
 Newcastle. 
 
 MAIDENS, also Whillans and 
 Hulins, a group of rocks off the coast 
 of Down, at Ballygelly Head, and 
 north-ea^t of the entrance to Lough 
 Larne. Two Lighthouses are erect- 
 ed in this quarter. 
 
 MAIG, a stream which rises on the 
 borders of the county of Cork, and, 
 flowing in a north-westerly direction, 
 enters the Shannon below the town 
 of Adare, at which place its navigation 
 terminates. 
 
 MAINE, a tributary of Lough 
 Neagh, which traverses the most ex- 
 tensive demesne of Shane’s Castle, the 
 seat of Earl O’Neill. 
 
 MAINE, a stream in Kerry, which 
 with the Laine enters Castlemaine 
 Harbour, discharging the surplus wa- 
 ters of the Lakes of Killarney. 
 
 MAINE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Fethard, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 on the Irish Sea. Population in 1831, 
 360, Post-town, Drogheda. 
 
 MAIN HAM, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Ikeathy 
 and Oughterany, county and Diocese 
 of Kildare. Population in 1831, 738. 
 Post-town, Maynooth. 
 
 MAJOR (LOUGH), a small lake 
 beautifully wooded, on the banks of 
 which is Ballibay House, near the 
 town of Ballibay. 
 
 634 
 
 MALAHIDE, a parochial curacy 
 in the Barony of Coolock, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. The little 
 village of Malahide, seven Irish miles 
 from Dublin, is situated on the shore 
 of Malahide Bay, and contains the pa- 
 rish church, Roman Catholic chapel, 
 and a small silk-factory. The Mala- 
 hide contract on the Dublin and Drog- 
 heda Railway consists of an excava- 
 tion a mile in length through Mala- 
 hide Hill, partly consisting of rock, 
 and an embankment across Malahide 
 estuary, also about a mile in length. 
 The average depth of the cutting is 26 
 feet ; average height of embankment, 
 20 feet ; average depth of estuary at 
 low water, about eight feet ; and dry at 
 low water, except at the channel of 
 the Malahide river. In the estuary of 
 that river are extensive oyster beds, 
 from which large supplies are sent to 
 the Dublin market. A sandy beach 
 extends along the flat shores from 
 Malahide to the little estuary of Port- 
 marnock. In the vicinity of this vil- 
 lage is the Castle of Malahide, a state- 
 ly edifice in a beautiful demesne, the 
 seat of Lord Talbot de Malahide, and 
 which appears to have been in posses- 
 sion of this Noble Family since the 
 reign of Henry II. The original 
 buildings are now much improved 
 and enlarged, but the ancient style is 
 strictly preserved both in the external 
 additions and interior arrangements, 
 and the whole is a very fine and im- 
 posing baronial residence. Richard 
 Talbot, Esq., was created Lord Tal- 
 bot de Malahide in 1831. His Lord- 
 ship d!ed in 1834, and was succeeded 
 by his eldest son Richard, second 
 Lord, who was created Baron Fur- 
 nival, in the Peerage of Great Britain, 
 in 1839. Near Malahide Castle are 
 the ruins of a church, and near it a 
 stone-inclosed well, dedicated to the 
 Virgin. 
 
 MAL-BAY, a spacious and open 
 though dangerous bay on the Clare 
 coast, extending from the Hag’s Head 
 to Dunbeg, and including Iniskerry, 
 Mutton, and other islands. The en- 
 tire coast, however, from Loophead, 
 
MAN 
 
 MAL OF IRELAND. 
 
 the northern point of the mouth of 
 the Shannon, to Hag’s Head, fully 
 thirty Irish miles in length, is desig- 
 nated Mai-Bay, and the only chances 
 of saving vessels are on the northern 
 sides of the small inlets of Dunbeg 
 and Liscanor. The town of Kilkeeis 
 about midway in this range of coast, 
 which from Loophead to Dunbeg pre- 
 sents numerous caverns, fearful pre- 
 cipices, bold headlands, chasms, and 
 islet rocks. 
 
 MALIN-HEAD, a cape in the pa- 
 rish of Cloncah, county of Donegal, 
 and is the most northern point in 
 Ireland, presenting a rocky front to 
 the Atlantic. Although it does not 
 rise 230 feet from the sea, it is con- 
 ! spicuous to mariners by the Admiralty 
 Signal Tower. Here are numerous 
 precipices, cliffs, bays, caverns, and 
 fissures, which render the scenery 
 very impressive when the Atlantic 
 billows strike against them during a 
 storm. At the head of the adjacent 
 inlet of Trawbreaga Bay is the village 
 of Malin, and near it are the residences 
 of Malin Hall and Goorey Lodge, the 
 most northerly in Ireland, as it re- 
 spects situation. Fairs are held at 
 Malin on the 24th of June, 21st of 
 July, 1st of August, and 3d of Oc- 
 tober. 
 
 MALLA-MAST, some old forts be- 
 yond the demesne of Bally tore. See 
 Ballytore. 
 
 MALLARDSTOWN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Kells, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Population in 1831, 549. 
 Post-town, Kilkenny. 
 
 MALLOW, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Fermoy, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. The 
 town of Mallow is pleasantly situated 
 on the Blackwater, in a fertile dis- 
 trict, 116£ Irish miles from Dublin, 
 and 16£ miles from Mitchelstown, on 
 the road to Newmarket by Kildorrery 
 and Doneraile. The distance from 
 Cork is abont 17 Irish miles, and from 
 Limerick 34 miles. There are no 
 manufactures, but the retail trade is 
 good, as the town is a great resort on 
 635 
 
 account of its mineral w-aters, which 
 are recommended to consumptive pa- 
 tients. The principal street has an 
 unique appearance, and the houses are 
 of a grotesque construction. The town 
 contains an elegant parish church, a 
 Roman Catholic chapel, some Dissent- 
 ing meeting-houses, a Court-House, 
 Market - House, Spa - House, Public 
 Reading-Room, and Library. Mal- 
 low is literally embosomed among 
 plantations and gardens, and the beau- 
 tiful banks of the Blackwater are stud- 
 ded with residences and villas. Close 
 to it is the seat of the proprietor of 
 the manor, with the ruins of the little 
 old castle ; and opposite is Ballyellis, a 
 seat of the Earl of Listowell ; near it 
 is Bearforest ; and below the latter is 
 Rockforest (Cotter, Bart.) Mallow 
 returns one member to the Imperial 
 Parliament; constituency in 1840-1, 
 563. Population in 183), 5229. 
 
 MALONE, a romantic hamlet in 
 the vicinity of Belfast, on the Antrim 
 side of the Lagan. Tn the vicinity are 
 Malone House, Lakefield, Ballydrane, 
 Lismoyne, and other residences ; and 
 on the opposite side of the Lagan the 
 villas of Belvidere, New Grove, and 
 Edenderry. See Belfast. 
 
 MANGE RTON, a mountain of the 
 county of Kerry, according to the 
 Ordnance Survey 2754 feet above the 
 level of the sea, separated from the 
 conical mountain Crohaune by a nar- 
 row glen, and from the conical detach- 
 ed mountain Turk by the valley in 
 which is the old road from Killarney 
 to Kenmare. The Mangerton Moun- 
 tain presents an immense outline, and 
 its northern sides are broken by nu- 
 merous deep hollows, the more re- 
 markable of which are the Devil’s 
 Punch Bowl and the Glen of the 
 Horse. See Killarney. 
 
 MAN-OF-WAR, a small decayed 
 village in the parish of Balrothery, 
 county of Dublin, three miles from 
 the little sea-port town of Balbriggan, 
 near the road from Dublin to Drog- 
 heda. It occupies the summit of the 
 high grounds beyond Lusk village. 
 
 MANOR-CON YNGH AM, a village 
 
MAR 
 
 MAR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 in the parish of All Saints, county of 
 Donegal, on an inlet of Lough Swilly, 
 five miles from Letterkenny. It is 
 romantically situated on the elevated 
 and picturesquely broken grounds 
 stretching eastward to Londonderry, 
 the parish church and Presbyterian 
 meeting-house conspicuous among the 
 cottages. Fairs are held on the 7th of 
 July and 6th of November. 
 
 MANOR-H AMILTON, a post-town 
 in the parishes of Cion clare and Kil- 
 lasnet, county of Leitrim, 99£ Irish 
 miles from Dublin, 19£ miles from 
 Enniskillen by Black Lion, and 23 
 miles from Carrick-on-Shannon by 
 the foot of Lough Allen and Drum- 
 keerin. Although situated in the 
 centre of the most beautiful part of 
 the county of Leitrim, on the Owen- 
 more stream, w r hich falls into the Bon- 
 net river below the town, it is a small 
 and poor place. A stately castle was 
 erected here by Sir Frederick Hamil- 
 ton during the reign of Elizabeth. 
 Near the town are the residences of 
 Skreeny and Rockwood. The sur- 
 rounding country is varied by dark 
 moorland hills, winding glens, narrow 
 ravines, craggy slopes, and fertile val- 
 leys. Fairs are held in May, July, 
 October, and November. Population 
 in 1831, 1348. 
 
 MANSFIELDTOWN, aparish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony and 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. The village of Mansfield- 
 town is three miles from Castle-Bel- 
 lingham. Near it are the demesne of 
 Braganstown and the old seat of 
 Bawn, the grounds of the latter con- 
 taining a magnificent elm. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1061. 
 
 MAPER ATH, a small village in the 
 parish of Dulane, county of Meath, 
 two miles from Kells, on the road to 
 Moynalty. 
 
 MAPLESTOWN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Ardee, coun- 
 ty of Louth, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh, on the Glyde river, about three 
 miles from Ardee, on the road to 
 Dundalk. Population in 1831, 458. 
 
 MARGARET’S (ST), a parochial 
 636 
 
 chapelry in the Barony of Cooloek, or 
 Castleknock, according to Dr Beau- 
 fort, county and Archdiocese of Dub- 
 lin, a part of the corps of the Chan- 
 cellorship of St Patrick’s Cathedral. 
 The village of St Margaret’s is about 
 eight miles from Dublin, and is noted 
 for the excellent show of horses at its 
 annual fair. Here are the ruins of an 
 ancient church, and near the village 
 are those of Dunsaughly Castle, once 
 a seat of the Plunket Family. 
 
 MARGARET’S (ST), a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Shelmalier, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, on the north side of Wexford 
 Harbour. From the south of this 
 parish stretches the remarkable pro- 
 montory of Raven’s Point, bounding 
 the north side of the narrow entrance 
 to Wexford Harbour. Population in 
 1831, 325. Post-town, Wexford. 
 
 MARGARET’S (ST), a small pa- 
 rish and impropriate curacy in the 
 Barony of Forth, county of Wexford, 
 and Diocese of Ferns, on the sea-coast, 
 a part of the corps of the Chancellor- 
 ship of that Diocese. 
 
 MARHIN, or Marhyr, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Corka- 
 guiney, county of Kerry, and annexed 
 Dioceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe, 
 south of Smerwick Harbour. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 978. Post-town, Dingle. 
 
 MARKE THILL, an improving 
 town in the parish of Mullaghbrack, 
 county of Armagh, ten Irish miles 
 from Newry, and nearly six' miles 
 from Armagh. This is athriving lit- 
 tle town, on the post road from Newry 
 to Armagh, and has a neat Sessions- 
 House and numbers of well-built 
 houses. The large demesne of the 
 Earl of Gosford,the proprietor of the 
 town, enriches this neighbourhood; 
 and Gosford Castle, his Lordship’s 
 seat, is a large castellated baronial- 
 looking pile. A short distance west 
 of the town is the remarkable hill 
 called the Vicar’s Cairn, 814 feet high. 
 Fairs are held at Markethill on the 
 third Friday of each month. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1043. 
 
 MARLINSTOWN, a parish and 
 
MAR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 MAR 
 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ferrard, 
 County of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. Population in 1831, 213. 
 Post-town, Dunleer. 
 
 MARSHALSTOWN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Condons 
 and Clongibhons, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Cloyne, on the Funcheon 
 river. Population in 1831, 6760. Post- 
 town, Mitchelstown. 
 
 MARTIN’S (ST), a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Gowran, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, connected with the parish of 
 St Canice. See Kilkenny. 
 
 MARTRY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Lower Navan, comi- 
 ty and Diocese of Meath, on the 
 Blackwater. Population in 1831, 1128. 
 Post-town, Navan. 
 
 MARYBOROUGH, the county 
 town of Queen’s County, is in the 
 Barony of East Maryborough, parish 
 of Borris, and Diocese of Leighlin. It 
 derives its name from Mary Queen of 
 England, in whose reign the county 
 was constituted shire ground, and the 
 assize formed by the Act 3d and 4th of 
 Philip and Mary. The town occupies 
 a central situation in the county, 40£ 
 Irish miles from Dublin by Naas, 
 Newbridge, Kildare, and Monaster- 
 even. Maryborough contains the 
 County Court House, Jail, Infirmary, 
 the District Lunatic Asylum, a neat 
 parish church, a large and elegant 
 Roman Catholic chapel, a Nunnery 
 adjacent to the chapel, three Dissent- 
 ing meeting-houses, and a splendid 
 range of Infantry Barracks. The 
 County Jail is a spacious and well 
 arranged prison on the radiating prin- 
 ciple ; and the Lunatic Asylum, which 
 stands in the centre of an inclosed 
 area of 22 acres, finely laid out and 
 planted, has a front of hewn stone 365 
 feet in length, and can accommodate 
 160 patients. In the centre of the 
 town are a bastion and part of the 
 walls of the Castle which existed when 
 it was made the county town. The 
 principal street is on the road from 
 Dublin to Limerick ; the other streets 
 are narrow, irregularly built, and 
 637 
 
 very inconvenient, many of the houses 
 being miserable cabins. The weekly 
 market is held on Thursdays, when 
 wheat is sold in considerable quanti- 
 ties, and there are eight annual fairs, 
 at which a good deal of business is 
 done. A branch of the cotton manu- 
 facture is carried on, and shoemaking 
 employs numbers of the inmates of 
 the cabins ; but generally speaking, 
 though Maryborough is a great tho- 
 roughfare, the trade is by no means 
 what is expected in a county town. 
 In 1840 there was neither benefit so- 
 ciety, savings’ bank, nor house of in- 
 dustry, in the town and parish, but 
 the whisky shops mustered to no less 
 than 40, and one pawnbroker’s shop. 
 The*e are several schools for boys 
 and girls. The quarter and the coun- 
 ty assizes are held in this town, and 
 it is also the place of election for the 
 county. Maryborough was disfran- 
 chised at the Union, previous to which 
 it returned two members to the Irish 
 Parliament. The town was incorpo- 
 rated in 1570 by charter of 12th Eliza- 
 beth, and the limits of the borough 
 extend to the distance of 8000 feet 
 from the walls of the Castle in the 
 centre of the town, comprising an 
 extensive rural district, but the Muni- 
 cipal Commission recommended a 
 more contracted boundary. In the 
 Irish Municipal Act the Corporation 
 is styled the Burgomaster, Bailiffs, 
 Burgesses, and Commonalty. The 
 Burgomaster is a justice of peace 
 within the district, and petty sessions 
 are held weekly by the county magi- 
 strates. The country round Mary- 
 borough is remarkably flat, and the soil 
 intermixed with large fields of bog. 
 To the left of the town are the plan- 
 tations of Rathleague, the seat of Sir 
 Henry Parnell, Bart., created Lord 
 Congleton, in the Peerage of Great 
 Britain, in August 1841, shortly before 
 the resignation of Lord Melbourne’s 
 Ministry. Maryborough gives the 
 title of Baron, in the Peerage of Great 
 Britain, to a branch of the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Wellesley. The Hon. William 
 Wellesley Pole, second son of Garrett 
 3 H 
 
MAS 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 MAT 
 
 first Earl of Mornington, and elder 
 brother of the Duke of Wellington, 
 was created Baron Maryborough in 
 182 1 . Population in 1831, 3223. 
 
 MARY GRAY, a hill 835 feet in 
 height, in the county of Tyrone. See 
 Aed straw and Newton-Stewart. 
 
 MARY’S (ST). See Lady Island. 
 
 MARY’S (ST), or St Mary-de- 
 Fore, a parish and impropriate rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Demifore, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Meath, near Lough 
 Bawn, a lake deeply inclosed by hills, , 
 and having no visible outlet. Popula- 
 tionin 1831, 1217- Post-town, Castle- 
 Pollard. 
 
 MASK (LOUGH), an extensive lake, 
 partly in the county of Galway, but 
 chiefly in Mayo, lying between Loughs 
 Corrib and Carragh, and extending by 
 two long indentations into the Joyce 
 Country in Galway, toward the Killery 
 Harbour. The surplus waters of this 
 lake are discharged by a subterrane- 
 ous channel, until, close to Cong on 
 Lough Corrib, they are forced up in a 
 basin of great depth, and turn a corn- 
 mill. The waters are visible in seve- 
 ral places in their course, but the most 
 remarkable opening is the Pigeon Hole , 
 upwards of a mile from Cong. The 
 descent is about 60 feet, by no means 
 difficult, and the course of the stream 
 in its subterranean bed can be traced 
 a considerable distance by the light of 
 a torch. The scenery in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Lough Mask is very strik- 
 ing, from the extent of water on all 
 sides, and the grand mountain bound- 
 aries rising immediately over the 
 western shores of both Loughs Mask 
 and Corrib. The Furmamore and 
 Partry Mountains extend in a north- 
 easterly direction from the head of 
 the Killery, forming a conspicuous 
 range of 15 miles, rising abruptly over 
 the western shores of Loughs Mask 
 and Carragh. The elevation of Fur- 
 mamore, which rises about midway 
 between the Killery Harbour and 
 Lough Mask, is 2210 feet ; Bengorriff, 
 near its southern extremity, 2038 feet ; 
 and Slieve-Bohaun, terminating it on 
 the north, 1294 feet. South from 
 638 
 
 Lough Carragh and Hollymount an 
 open fertile tract extends along the 
 eastern shore of Lough Mask, stretch- 
 ing inland without any incumbrance 
 of unprofitable land to the border of 
 Galway. This tract contains numer- 
 ous private residences, and the small 
 towns of Ballinrobe, Corig, and Shruel. 
 Altogether, the scenery of Lough 
 Mask consists of every variety— ro- 
 mantic, picturesque, mountainous, 
 wild, and desolate. 
 
 MASON ISLAND, an island be- 
 longing to the parish of Moyrus, off 
 the coast of Galway. The male inha- 
 bitants are engaged in fishing, and 
 the women in knitting and spinning. 
 Abundance of kelp is found on the 
 shores. 
 
 MASSAREENE, a Barony of the 
 county of Antrim, partitioned into 
 Upper and Low-er, and comprising 
 twelve parishes and the Parliamentary 
 borough of Lisburne. Sir John Clot- 
 worthy, a very eminent person in the 
 reign of Charles I., and who was in- 
 strumental in forwarding the resto- 
 ration of Charles II., was in Novem- 
 ber 1660 created Viscount Massareene 
 and Baron Loughneagh, with remain- 
 der to Sir John Skeffington, husband 
 of his only daughter Mary, and their 
 children. Clotworthy Skeffington, 
 fifth Viscount, was created Earl of 
 Massareenein 1756. Chichester, fourth 
 Earl, died in 1816, when the Earldom 
 became extinct, but the Viscounty 
 and the Barony of Loughneagh de- 
 volved on his only daughter and sole 
 heiress Harriett, who married in 1810 
 Thomas Viscount Ferrard (see Fer- 
 raro). The Viscountess died in 1831, 
 and was succeeded by her eldest son 
 John, tenth Viscount, born in 1812. 
 
 MASSAREENE, a village in the 
 parish of Muckamore, county of An- 
 trim, at which a Franciscan Friary 
 was founded by O’Neill in the fifth 
 century. 
 
 MASSEYTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Macroom, county of Cork. 
 Fairs are held here in June, August, 
 October, and December. 
 
 MATTEHY, a parish, rectory and 
 
MAY OF IRELAND. MAY 
 
 vicarage, in the Barony of WestMus- 
 kerry, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, on the Dripsey stream. 
 Population in 1831, 2156. Post-town, 
 Cork. 
 
 MAUDLIN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Forth, within the 
 Liberties of the town of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, on Wexford Haven. 
 See Wexford. 
 
 MAYCOMB, or Moyacomb, a pa- 
 rish and entire rectory in the Baronies 
 of Scarewalsh, county of Wexford, St 
 Mullins, county of Carlow, Shillelagh, 
 county of Wicklow, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831, 4887. See 
 Clonegal. 
 
 MAYNE, or Moyne, a parish con- 
 stituting the corps of a prebend in the 
 Barony of Fassadining, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Ossory, on the 
 Dining or Dinan river. Population 
 in 1831, 633. Post-town, Castlecomer. 
 
 MAYNE, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy in the Barony of Demifore, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath, near Lough Dereveragh. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2366. Post-town, 
 Castle-Pollard. 
 
 MAYNOOTH, a parish, prebend, 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of North 
 Salt, county of Kildare, and Archdio- 
 cese of Dublin. The town of May- 
 nooth, about twelve Irish miles from 
 Dublin, by Lucan and Leixlip, is small 
 but regularly built, situated on a lit- 
 tle tributary of the Liffey, and near 
 the Royal Canal. The streets are re- 
 gularly laid out, and contain numbers 
 of handsome private residences. It 
 is said that the town received its name 
 from Maghnuadhat, pronounced Mau- 
 ri oo-ath, the maternal grandfather of 
 Fion-MaeCumhail, the Fingal of Os- 
 sian, and this is probably as ancient a 
 derivation as national vanity could 
 desire. The Castle of Maynooth was 
 fortified by Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, 
 called Silken Thomas, when he broke 
 out into rebellion in the sixteenth 
 century, and constituted his foster- 
 brother, Christopher Parese, or Paris, 
 the governor. Sir William Skeflfing- 
 ton, Lord Deputy, laid siege to the 
 639 
 
 Castle, planted his batteries on the 
 park hill on the north side of the 
 fortress, and summoned the garrison 
 to surrender. We are told that a 
 “ scoffing and ludicrous answer was 
 returned after the Irish manner,” and 
 the siege proceeded, but with no suc- 
 cess ; and it is probable that it would 
 have held out against the Gunner , as 
 the Lord Deputy was designated, 
 from his having been Master of the 
 Ordnance, until the return of Silken 
 Thomas, if Paris had not betrayed 
 the garrison to the English, and the 
 reward of this exploit was the chop- 
 ping off his head by command of the 
 Lord Deputy. An officer named Hol- 
 land was the first to scale the walls of 
 the Castle, and plunged into a mass of 
 feathers. Sir William Bereton met 
 with a similar accident, and roused 
 one of the guards by shouting, St 
 George ! St George ! The soldier, ob- 
 serving Captain Holland floundering 
 among the feathers, fired at him, but 
 without effect, and was himself killed 
 by the assailants. The garrison were 
 put to the sword, with the exception 
 of two singing men, w r ho prostrated 
 themselves before the Lord Deputy, 
 warbling a complimentary sonnet, 
 which saved their lives. Maynooth is 
 now chiefly celebrated as containing 
 the great Roman Catholic College, 
 called the Royal College of St Patrick, 
 an extensive series of very plain edi- 
 flees, resembling more a military bar- 
 rack than an Academical Establish- 
 ment, erected without any view to 
 uniformity, and continually receiving 
 additions. The centre building is 
 said to have been erected by the but- 
 ler of the second Duke of Leinster, 
 out of his savings, as a private resi- 
 dence, and, as it is well observed, “ he 
 little thought of all the Latin, and 
 Logic, and dogmatic Theology, it 
 would contain.” The Royal College 
 of St Patrick was founded in 1795, in 
 conformity to an Act of Parliament 
 then passed for the education of per- 
 sons destined for the Roman Catholic 
 priesthood, and principally consists of 
 a centre and wings, extending 400 feet J 
 
MAY 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 MAY 
 
 in length, and containing the Chapel, 
 Library, Refectory, Dormitories, and 
 other accommodation. The original 
 cost was L. 32, 000. The College con- 
 sists of two departments, lay and ec- 
 clesiastical. The officers are the Pre- 
 sident, Vice-President, Dean, two Ju- 
 nior Deans, Bursars, Treasurer, Se- 
 cretary to the Board of Trustees, three 
 Professors of Dogmatic and Moral 
 Theology, and Professors of Sacred 
 Scripture, Natural Philosophy, Logic, 
 Rhetoric, Greek and Latin, English 
 Rhetoric, and of the Irish language. 
 Five years are generally allotted as the 
 time for completing the course of 
 study, and examinations of the stu- 
 dents are held twice a year. The lay 
 College depends chiefly on subscrip- 
 tions, and was opened in 1502. An 
 annual grant is voted by Parliament 
 to the Establishment, which never 
 passes without some opposition in 
 the House of Commons, and the 
 sum voted in the estimates for 1841-2 
 was L.4460. The discipline which the 
 students undergo at Maynooth is said 
 to be most severe. The town of May- 
 nooth, and a considerable tract of the 
 surrounding country, belong to the 
 Duke of Leinster. At the entrance 
 are the ruins of the old residence of 
 that family, destroyed by Cromwell, 
 and one of the gateway to the mag- 
 nificent seat and demesne of Carton, 
 a residence of the Duke, adjoins the 
 town. The mansion was originally 
 erected by General Oglethorpe, but 
 the third Duke of Leinster changed 
 the front, and built large additions, 
 yet it is a poor edifice in an architec- 
 tural point of view for such a demesne 
 and such a property. Carton con- 
 tains a valuable collection of pictures 
 and a noble library. Before the hall 
 door of the eastern front, amid odo- 
 rous plants and parterres of dahlias 
 and roses, is the ancient cut stone 
 council-table of the Earls of Kildare, 
 when the old Castle of Maynooth 
 was their stronghold. It long lay 
 buried among rubbish, after the sack- 
 ing of the Castle by the Lord Deputy 
 Skeffington, in Henry VIII.’s reign. 
 
 640 
 
 I Maynooth was almost rebuilt by the 
 first Duke of Leinster, to make it re- 
 semble an English market town, and 
 it certainly, unlike most Irish towns, 
 is minus cabins, but there is no trade. 
 Fairs are held in May, September, and 
 October. Population in 1831, 2053. 
 
 MAYO, a maritime county of the 
 Province of Connaught, bounded on 
 the west and north by the Atlantic 
 Ocean, on the south by the county of 
 Galway, and on the east by the coun- 
 ties of Roscommon and Sligo, from 
 the latter of which it is separated by 
 the Moy river. According to the Ord- 
 nance Survey, this county extends 
 from Achil Head on the west to Bal- 
 laghadireen on the Sligo and Roscom- 
 mon boundaries, seventy-two statute 
 miles; and from the centre of Lough 
 Corrib on the south to Downpatrick 
 Head on the north, fifty-eight statute 
 miles. The area is stated to be 2117 
 square miles, or 1,355,048 acres, of 
 which 871, 083 are cultivated, 425,124 
 are improved mountain and bog, and 
 57,940 are under water. Mayo ranks 
 after Cork and Galway as the third 
 largest county in Ireland. The coun- 
 ty is divided into the following Baron- 
 ies : — 1. Erris (Half Barony), on the 
 north-west; 2. Tyrawley, on the north ; 
 3. Gallen, on the north-east ; 4. Costel- 
 lo, on the east : 5. Clantnorris, on the 
 south-east; 6. Kilmaiue, on the south ; 
 7. Carr a, in the centre ; 8. Murrisk, or 
 Morisk, on the south-west; 9. Bur- 
 rishoole, on the west. 
 
 The length of the coast, from the 
 mouth of the Moy river, in Killala 
 Bay, on the north-east, to the head of 
 Killery Harbour, on the south-west, 
 exclusive of the minor indentations, 
 is about 250 statute miles. On the 
 west side of Killala Bay are nume- 
 rous inlets, and Kilcummin is a pro- 
 minent headland. The next is Down- 
 patrick Head, between which and 
 Benwee Head on the west are seve- 
 ral inlets or bays. Off Benwee Head, 
 to the north-east, are the rocks called 
 the Stags of Broadhaven ; south-west 
 is Kid Island ; and farther south the 
 Harbour of Broadhaven. Between 
 
I I 
 
 MAY OF IRELAND. MAY 
 
 Broadhaven and Blacksod Bays is the 
 remarkable promontory called the 
 Mullet (see Bellmullet and Mullet), 
 connected with the mainland by the 
 narrow neck of land on which is the 
 town of Belrnullet. Off the Mullet 
 are numerous small islands. South 
 of Blacksod and Tulloghawn Bays is 
 the large island of A chill (see Achill), 
 and farther south is Clew Bay, stud- 
 ded with islets, in the mouth of which 
 is Clare Island. From this the coast 
 is indented to the Killery Harbour 
 (see Killeries). 
 
 Mayo comprises a part of the great 
 inland plain which extends across the 
 centre of Ireland, and the Plains of 
 Mayo are in a fine pastoral district, 
 traversed by the road from Holy- 
 mount to Castlebar, diversified by a 
 low range of undulating eminences, 
 the waters of one tract running north- 
 ward by the Moy river to Killala Bay, 
 and those of the other southward to 
 Loughs Mask and Corrib. The valley 
 of the Moy, from the sea to Foxford, 
 about fifteen miles above the mouth 
 of the river, is open, and contains 
 much improvable land. As the level 
 part of the county is also open towards 
 the east and south, and has a great 
 barrier mountain range of protection 
 from the prevailing west winds, the 
 climate is mild ; but that of the west- 
 ern districts is damp and ungenial, 
 from the vicinity of the Atlantic, and 
 the quantity of wet surface exposed. 
 The only navigable river is the Moy, 
 but the streams are numerous. Por- 
 tions of Loughs Mask and Corrib be- 
 long to this county, and it contains 
 the large Loughs Conn and Carragh, 
 and the smaller but beautiful lakes of 
 Castlebar, Sky, Beate, and others. 
 
 Between the western verge of the 
 level district and the Atlantic is a 
 large extent of wild and mountainous 
 country, consisting of two principal 
 districts separated by the capacious 
 inlet of Clew Bay. The tract sur- 
 rounding the head of this Bay con- 
 tains the towns of Newport and West- 
 port, and between these towns the 
 head of the Bay is literally studded 
 641 
 
 with green pasture islands, varying 
 from half an acre to a mile in length, 
 and said to be 170 in number. The 
 shore exhibits numerous peninsulas 
 and low promontories, many of them 
 wooded, and the whole scenery is re- 
 markably picturesque. The moun- 
 tain groups rising south of Clew 
 Bay cover the entire Barony of Mur- j 
 risk, and stretch into Joyce Country 
 and Connemara in Galway. They 
 cover an area within the limits of the 
 county of about 15 by 20 miles, and 
 the most easterly are the Furma- 
 more and Partry Mountains. On 
 both sides of the chains are bold ra- 
 vines traversed by streams descend- 
 ing on the one side into Lough Mask, 
 and on the other into the valleys of 
 the Ayle,andofthe Owen-Errive river, 
 which runs into the head of Killery 
 Harbour. West of the valley of the 
 latter river is the Muilrea group, 
 rising immediately over the northern 
 entrance to the Harbour to the height 
 of 2(580 feet, and is the highest ground 
 in the county. Benberry rises next 
 in the range eastward 2610 feet, be- 
 tween which and Bengorm are the 
 lakes of Doolough and Delphi. East- 
 ward these mountain heights are 
 broken by lateral valleys, the most 
 considerable of which is Glen Laur, 
 watered by a branch of the Owen- ’ 
 Errive river. Northward from the 
 Mulrea group the centre of Mur- 
 risk rises into mountains of from 900 
 to 1200 feet. The range of Croagh- 
 patrick (see Croaghpatrick) occu- 
 pies the northern verge of Murrisk 
 bordering on Clew Bay, extending ten 
 miles along the shore, and the general 
 aspect sterile, though not deficient in 
 coarse pasture. 
 
 The other mountainous district 
 north of Clew Bay extends upwards 
 of 40 miles from east to west, by 30 
 miles from north to south, separated 
 from the range of the Ox Mountains 
 in Sligo by the valley of the Moy and 
 the low basin of Lough Conn. The 
 Croagh Moyle Mountains appear as 
 a continuation of those of Sligo, 
 stretching from north-east to south- 
 
MAY 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 MAY 
 
 west from the valley of the Moy to 
 the head of Clew Bay at Newport. In 
 a similar direction extends the Ne- 
 phiu group, from Lough Fyough, 
 near the northern shore of Clew Bay, 
 to the western shore of Lough Conn. 
 In this quarter the chief summits are 
 Buckorgh, Bereen-Curragh, and Ne- 
 phin. North from this range lies a 
 large tract of desolate moorland, 
 bounded by the valley of the Moy to- 
 wards the east, and westward by the 
 nearly semicircular amphitheatre of 
 the Tyrawley and Nephin Beg Moun- 
 tains. In all this region, especially the 
 tract between Blacksod and Broad- 
 liaven Bays, the bleakness and sterility 
 are most striking. Between Tul- 
 laghawn Bay and the Nephin Beg 
 Mountains is the district of Bally- 
 croy (see Bai.lycroy). The wild 
 tract of Erris is connected with the 
 dreary Mullet region by the Belmul- 
 let isthmus. 
 
 The useful minerals of the county 
 are very limited. Iron ore is abundant 
 in some districts, and bloomeries, now 
 given up for want of fuel, were in ope- 
 ration near Tullaghawn Bay and in the 
 valley of the Deel. The coast fishing, 
 which could be rendered very pro- | 
 ductive, is much neglected. Black- 
 sod Bay and Clew Bay contain ex- 
 tensive fishing-banks, and vast quan- 
 tities of oysters may be taken on the 
 shores of both. Throughout the 
 mountain districts north and south 
 of Clew Bay, cultivation only occurs 
 in patches, but in the arable parts ex- 
 cellent oats are produced, which are 
 the chief crop. Extensive tracts of 
 upland pasture, which are well adapt- 
 ed for the breeding of young cattle, 
 though not for fattening stock, are in 
 Murrisk and Tyrawley Baronies. The 
 condition of the peasantry in the 
 north-eastern parts is very bad, and 
 even in the western mountain dis- 
 tricts, which are rather better pro- 
 vided with the necessaries of life, 
 there is much wretchedness and mi- 
 sery. 
 
 The history of the county in former 
 times is of no great general interest. 
 
 642 
 
 Many of the old families of Mayo em- 
 barked in the Rebellion of 1641 and 
 subsequent wars, and the forfeitures 
 at the Revolution extended to 19,294 
 acres, valued at the time at L.37,598. 
 The antiquities are chiefly ecclesias- 
 tical ; and the military remains are of 
 comparatively little importance. 
 
 Mayo gives the title of Earl, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Bourke, descended from a 
 common ancestor with the Earls and 
 Marquises of Clanricarde, but more 
 immediately from an elder branch 
 of the Family of Bourke, Viscounts 
 Mayo, so created in 1627, and extinct 
 in the person of the eighth Viscount 
 in 1767. John Bourke, Esq., was 
 created Baron Naas in 1776, Viscount 
 Mayo in 1781, and Earl of Mayo in 
 1785. 
 
 The county expenses are defrayed 
 by Grand Jury presentments. Two 
 members are returned to the Imperial 
 Parliament; constituency in 1840-1, 
 1569. Population in 1831, 366,328. 
 
 MAYO, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Baronies of Clanmorris 
 and Kilmaine, county of Mayo, and 
 Diocese of Tuarn. The small village 
 of Mayo, near the decayed hamlet of 
 Ball, is about nine Irish miles from 
 Holy wood. Here are some fragments 
 of a monastery and of an old round 
 tower, which are quite in unison with 
 the miserable cabins of the peasantry, 
 in a fertile but wretchedly cultivated 
 district. This poor village was form- 
 erly a place of ecclesiastical import- 
 ance, and a city containing a college 
 and several monastic institutions is 
 mentioned as founded . about A. D. 
 664 by Colman, an Englishman, in the 
 great plain a little to the south of 
 Lough Conn. Colman was accom- 
 panied by a number of English monks, 
 and it is pretended that Alfred the 
 Great was educated at his College. 
 The town was called Mayo of the 
 Saxons , in consequence of the esta- 
 blishment of the English monks. Tur- 
 gesius the Dane destroyed the church 
 in A.D. 835. Population in 1831, 3121. 
 Post-town, Hollyraount. 
 
ME A 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 M A YOWL A, a stream which passes 
 the small town and demesne of Castle- 
 Dawson, in the county of London- 
 derry, and two miles below it enters 
 Lough Neagh. 
 
 MAZE, a village in the parish of 
 Maghergall, county of Antrim, on the 
 Lagan river. 
 
 MEATH, a Diocese in the Archie- 
 piscopal Province of Armagh, com- 
 posed of several ancient small Bishop- 
 rics, such as Clonard, founded by St 
 Finian about A.D. 520; Duleek, or 
 Damleagh, founded by St Xenan ; 
 Kells, or Kenlis, founder uncertain ; 
 Fore, founded by St Fechan ; Trim, 
 founded by St Seoundin, or Sechnall, 
 nephew of St Patrick ; Dunshaughlin, 
 founded by St Luraan, another ne- 
 . phew of St Patrick ; Slane, founded by 
 St Eyre ; and Ardbracan, founded by 
 j St Ultan. At the end of the twelfth 
 century all those Bishoprics were 
 merged into one under the general 
 name of Meath, and in 1558 the Dio- 
 cese was farther augmented by the 
 addition of Clonmacnois. The Dio- 
 cese includes nearly the whole of the 
 counties of Meath, Westmeath, a con- 
 siderable part of the King’s County, 
 small portions of Cavan, Kildare, and 
 Longford, and a division of the county 
 of the town of Drogheda. It extends 
 from east to west, from the Atlantic 
 to the Shannon, 80 English miles, 
 and the medium breadth is 25 miles. 
 In 1834 the parishes were 220, con- 
 stituting 105 benefices, 47 of which 
 were unions of two or more bene- 
 fices; parish churches, 100; other edi- 
 fices connected with the Church of 
 Ireland, 6 ; Roman Catholic chapels, 
 156 ; Presbyterian meeting- houses, 3; 
 other Dissenting meeting-houses, 18. 
 In that year the population of the 
 Diocese was 404,059, of whom 25,626 
 were members of the Established 
 Church, 377,562 were Roman Catlio 
 lies, 672 were Presbyterians, and 199 
 other Protestant Dissenters. The 
 schools were then 578, educating 
 28,885 young persons, 45 of which 
 schools were in connection with the 
 National Board of Education. The See 
 643 
 
 ME A 
 
 lands comprise 29,269 statute acres, of 
 which 20,266 are arable, and the aver- 
 age revenue of the Bishopric for the 
 three years preceding 1832 was L.5220. 
 
 In 1840, when Dr Charles Dickenson 
 was appointed, the revenue was stated i 
 at L. 4068. The Bishops of Meath have 
 precedence of all the other Bishops, 
 ranking after the Archbishops, and 
 are styled Most Reverend. The Dio- i 
 ceseis not affected by the Act of 1833, 
 but there is no Cathedral, and the 
 Episcopal residence is at Ardbracan 
 near Navan. There is also neither 
 Dean nor Chapter, the only dignities 
 being the Deanery of Clonmacnois 
 and the Archdeaconry of Meath. The ' 
 w r aut of the Chapter is supplied by a 
 Synod, of which every incumbent is j 
 a member, and the Archdeacon is ! 
 President. There are twelve rural J 
 Deaneries. The Roman Catholic 
 Bishop of Meath is a suffragan of the ( 
 Roman Catholic Archbishop of Ar- , 
 magh, and the Cathedral is at Mul- j 
 lingar. In 1834 there were 66 priests 
 in the Diocese, including the Bishop, 
 and 60 coadjutors or curates. 
 
 MEATH, or East Meath, a'county 
 in the Province of Leinster, of very 
 irregular form, bounded on the east 
 by the Irish Sea, on the north-east by 
 Louth, on the south-east by Dublin, j 
 on the south-west by King’s County, j 
 on the south by Kildare, on the west j 
 by Westmeath, on the north-west by 
 Cavan, and on the north by Monag- 
 han. The greatest length, from the 
 coast near Gormanstown on the east, 
 to Lough Sheelin on the west, is 
 47 statute miles, and the greatest 
 breadth from the borders of Monag- 
 han on the north, to the junction of 
 Kildare and King’s County, is 40 
 miles. One authority gives the area 
 as nearly 764 square miles, or 438,758 
 acres; a second states the acres at 
 575,413 ; a map published by the Grand 
 Jury of the county in 1817 makes the 
 area 566,657 statute acres; and a 
 fourth assigns tire area to be 886 j 
 square miles, or 567,127 statute acres, | 
 of which 561,527 are cultivated, and ! 
 5600 are unimproved bog and mouu- j 
 
 
MEA 
 
 tain. The Baronies are, 1. Lower 
 Deece, in the centre ; 2. Upper Deece, 
 on the south ; 3. Demifore, or on the 
 west ; 4. Lower Duleek, on the east ; 
 5. Upper Duleek ; 6. Dunboyne, on the 
 south-east ; 7. Lower Kells, and 8. 
 Upper Kells, both in the north-west ; 
 9. Lune, in the west; 10. Morgallion, 
 in the north and centre; 11. Lower 
 Moyfenragh, on the south; 12. Upper 
 Moyfenragh, on the south-west; 13. 
 Lower Navan, and, 14. Upper Navan, 
 both central; and, 15. Eatoath, on the 
 south-east ; 16. Skreene, or Skryne, 
 central ; 17. LowerSlane, in the north ; 
 18. Upper Slane, on the north-east. 
 In the ancient division Meath was 
 bounded on the east by the sea; on 
 the west by that part of the Shannon 
 from Lough Bofin to the river of 
 Birr ; on the south by a part of the 
 Liffey, and a line passing through 
 Clonard, Geashill, and Birr, till it met 
 the Shannon; and on the north by 
 the districts of Brefne and Oriel. 
 
 The line of coast is n ot of great extent, 
 extending tolerably straight south by 
 east, from the mouth of the Boyne to 
 near Gormanstown at the boundary 
 with Dublin. The shores are low, 
 and abound with sand-banks or hills. 
 Various parts of the county are hilly, 
 but the chief elevations are in the 
 west, towards the Cavan boundary, 
 where the principal elevation is Slieve- 
 nallsagh, between Oldcastle and Cross- 
 akeel ; and in the north-east part of 
 the county, about Slane and Newton- 
 Fortescue, on the north bank of the 
 Boyne. The great proportion of 
 Meath is included in the central lime- 
 stone district of Ireland, comparative- 
 ly low and flat. Limestone and marl 
 abound, but no coal worth working 
 has been discovered. 
 
 Meath belongs almost exclusively 
 to the Baron of Boyne, the southern 
 part to the Baron of the Dee ; and 
 the southern and south-eastern bor- 
 ders are watered by the tributaries of 
 the Liffey, and those streams which 
 flow into the sea between that river I 
 and the sea. The Nobbor, a tribu- 
 tary of the Dee, issues from some , 
 614 ( 
 
 MEA 
 
 small lakes and bogs near Kilmainham, 
 where it expands into a lake about a 
 mile in length and a fourth of a mile in 
 breadth, and has a course in this coun- 
 ty of nearly eighteen miles. Lough 
 Sheelin, five miles long and two and 
 a half broad, separates the counties of 
 Meath and Westmeath from Cavan. 
 Lough Bawn is a narrow lake, a mile 
 and a half in length ; and some smaller 
 lakes are on the western border. 
 
 The Royal Canal enters the county 
 at Kilcock in Kildare, and although 
 occasional portions of it are in the lat- 
 ter county, there are about fifteen 
 miles of it in Meath, opening a com- 
 munication Avith Dublin and the Shan- 
 non. It is carried by aqueducts over 
 the smaller Black water and the Boyne, 
 before it enters Westmeath. The rail- 
 way from Dublin to Drogheda crosses 
 the county near the shore from nearly 
 south to north, and the railways from 
 Dublin to Armagh and Enniskillen 
 also respectively cross the county, 
 the main line, common to both 
 branches, entering at Dunboyne. Sur- 
 veys have been made for a railway be- 
 tween Dublin and Sligo and Galway, 
 through the county from Kilcock, 
 nearly parallel to the Royal Canal into 
 Westmeath. A branch from this by 
 Trim passes to the Enniskillen line 
 at Kells, and a branch from that line 
 westward through Westmeath, join- 
 ing the Sligo at Longford. A line 
 collateral to that of Armagh passes 
 to the east of it near Ratoatb, and 
 another line extends from Navan to 
 Drogheda. 
 
 The greater part of Meath is flat 
 rich pasture land, and grazing is fol- 
 lowed on a most extensive scale. The 
 farms vary in size from two acres to 
 3000, and agriculture, though still very 
 defective, is considerably improved. 
 Green crops are limited, and turnips 
 are chiefly grown by the wealthier 
 farmers, who combine grazing with 
 tillage, and are used for feeding sheep. 
 The cultivation of clover and vetches 
 is increasing. Flax is generally grown 
 in •small patches for domestic use, 
 and a strong kind of dowlas and sheet- 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
ME A 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 MEL 
 
 ings are made from it in the rural 
 districts. The grazing of cattle and 
 sheep, however, is the principal avo- 
 cation. Many fatten from 300 to 500 
 cows, exclusive of bullocks and sheep, 
 during the season, and large flocks of 
 sheep are kept by the wealthier farm- 
 ers. Pigs are a good breed, and im- 
 mense numbers are reared. Poultry 
 of all kinds are abundant, and remark- 
 ably cheap. The condition of the 
 peasantry is' described as wretched, 
 their cabins being miserable hovels, 
 and the worst are in the suburbs of 
 the towns and round bogs. They 
 have scarcely any furniture, their bed- 
 ding is straw rushes, or sometimes a 
 coarse sack filled with chaff, and their 
 coverings for the night are old worn- 
 out blankets, pieces of carpet full of 
 holes, or their body-clothes worn dur- 
 iug the day. 
 
 The antiquities are earthen works at 
 Tara, once the seat of Irish monarchs ; 
 the ruins of the Castles of Scurlogs- 
 town, Dunmoe, Athlumley, Asigh, 
 and others ; round towers at Kells 
 and Donaghmore ; monastic remains, 
 and stone crosses. A considerable 
 part of the county w*as involved in 
 the Rebellions of 1641 and 1 793, and the 
 battle of the Boyne, which decided 
 the war of the Revolution, was fought 
 close upon the border, between Drog- 
 heda and Slane. Meath gives the 
 title of Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the Noble Family of Brabazon, de- 
 scended from Jaques le Brabanzon, 
 surnamed the Great Warrior , one of 
 the companions in arms of William the 
 Conqueror. Sir Edward Brabazon 
 was created Baron Brabazon of Ar- 
 dee in 1616, and his son was elevated j 
 to the dignity of Earl of Meath in 
 1727. John, tenth Earl, was created 
 Baron Chaw’orth in the Peerage of 
 Great Britain in 1631. The Family 
 seat is Kilruddery House, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Bray, county of Wick- 
 low'. 
 
 The county returns two Members 
 to the Imperial Parliament; constitu- 
 ency in 1840-1, 1571. Population in 
 le31, 176,826. 
 
 645 
 
 MEATH (WEST). See West- 
 meath. 
 
 MEELAGH (LOUGH), a small 
 lake near Lough Skeen, in the county 
 of Roscommon, on the picturesque 
 banks of which is the beautiful de- l 
 mesne of Castle-Tenison. 
 
 MEELICK, or Meylick, a parish ; 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Long- s 
 ford, county of Gajway, and Diocese 
 of Clonfert, on the Shannon. A mo- 
 nastery was founded near the village of 
 Meelick for Conventual Franciscans. 
 The dilapidated ruins of Meelick Ab- 
 bey are opposite a large island formed 
 by the Shannon, on which is a Martello 
 Tower at the point where the Little 
 Brosna enters the river. The works 
 at Meelick connected with the im- ! 
 provement of the Shannon navigation ! 
 are estimated to cost LAO, 000. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1643. Post-town, 
 Eyrescourt. 
 
 MEELICK, a parish, impropriate 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of G alien, county of Mayo, and Dio- 
 cese of Achonry, on the Moy river. 
 Here are the residences of Oldcastle 
 and Newcastle, a round tow’er in good 
 preservation, though roofless, and a 
 Roman Catholic chapel, erected in 
 1835. Population in 1831, 3493. Post- 
 town, Swineford. 
 
 MEIGH, a parochial district and 
 perpetual curacy, formed from the 
 parish of Killevy, in the Barony of 
 Upper Orior, county and Archdiocese 
 of Armagh, at the foot of the moun- 
 tain Slievegullion. Here are the re- 
 sidences of Killevy Castle, Heath Hall, 
 Carrickbrede, and Hawthorn Hill. 
 Population in 1831, 7164. Post-town, 
 j Newry. 
 
 MELLIFONT, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Fer- 
 rard, county of Louth, and Archdio- 
 cese of Armagh, annexed to the im- 
 propriate curacy of Tullyallen. The 
 ruins of Mellifont Abbey are pic- 
 turesquely situated in a most romantic 
 valley watered by the Mattock, a tri- 
 butary of the Boyne, which is here the 
 boundary of the counties of Louth 
 and Meath, four miles from Drogheda, 
 
MEL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 MIC 
 
 and a mile and a half west of the road 
 to Collon (see Collon). This Abbey 
 was founded in 1142 by O’Carrol, for 
 Canons-Regular of St Augustine, and 
 a Synod was held in it in 1157. At the 
 dissolution of the Monasteries it was 
 granted to Sir Edward Moore, ances- 
 tor of the Marquis of Drogheda, who 
 fortified a part of the buildings. It 
 was often subsequently injured by 
 sieges, though it continued to be the 
 residence of the Noble Family of 
 Moore until their removal to Monas- 
 tereven in Kildare. All which now 
 remains of this fine structure are parts 
 of the gateway, a defence tower, and 
 St Bernard’s chapel, the effect of which 
 is greatly lessened by a flour-mill and 
 offices, the machinery of which is 
 driven by the Mattock rivulet. The 
 lofty abbey gateway is now appropri- 
 ated to the humble purpose of a mill- 
 dam. The chapel of St Bernard was, 
 when entire, a fine specimen of the 
 pointed architecture of the twelfth 
 and thirteenth centuries. It had a 
 noble eastern window, and three 
 smaller ones on each side, nearly all 
 now destroyed, together with the ex- 
 quisitely carved doorway, considered 
 one of the finest specimens of the kind 
 in Ireland. Scarcely inferior in ele- 
 gance to this chapel was the ruined 
 octagonal building, supposed to be 
 the baptistery, on the top of which 
 was a large cistern for supplying the 
 different offices of the Abbey by means 
 of pipes. Only four sides of this 
 octagon building now remain. The 
 doorways are arched and pillared, and 
 are semicircular, of exquisite work- 
 manship. Within a few feet of this 
 ruin are two vaults or dungeons, hav- 
 ing a small aperture in each for the 
 admission of light, and small recesses 
 on the walls. In the vicinity is Our 
 Lady's Well , re-opened by Mr Arm- 
 strong in 1833. Beyond this to the 
 left are the foundations of a large 
 quadrangular building. Several cabins 
 nestle among these ruins, inhabited by 
 poor peasants. The village, new 
 church, and glebe house of Mellifont, 
 are in the rear of the demesne of 
 646 
 
 Townly Hall. In the neighbourhood 
 are the Commons of Mellifont, the 
 round tower and ruined chapels of 
 Monasterboice,the Hill of Slane crown- 
 ed by its lofty abbey tower embosom- 
 ed in wood, and the finely planted Hills 
 of Collon. Within two miles, at the 
 Boyne, are the remarkable cave of 
 New Grange, the Druldical monu- 
 ments, and the Danish tumuli and en- 
 campments of Dowth. The Hill of 
 Louth, which rises 400 feet above the 
 level of the sea, marks this interesting 
 locality for miles around. 
 
 MELVIN (LOUGH), a lake prin- 
 cipally in the county of Leitrim, 6£ 
 miles long by one and a quarter broad, 
 bounded by the Dartree Hills, which 
 rise 1600 feet above the surface of the 
 lake. Towards the base of these hills 
 the scenery is interesting, but the 
 shore on the north is tame and boggy. 
 The principal islands are Inisheher, 
 Inishmean, Inishtemple, and Inish- 
 keen, which contain some wood. The 
 surplus waters of the lake are dis- 
 charged by the Drowes stream into 
 the Bay of Donegal. 
 
 MENLOUGH, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Killiscobe, county of Galway. 
 Menlough Castle (Blake, Bart.) is an 
 old romantic residence. 
 
 MEVAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kilmacre- 
 nan, county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 Raphoe, on Mulsoy Bay. Population in 
 1831, 4794. Post-town, Ramelton. 
 
 MEW-ISLAND, a low and unin- 
 habited island off Donaghadee, county 
 of Down. 
 
 MIALLOCH, a small stream which 
 enters Bantry Bay, county of Cork, 
 and forms a beautiful cascade at Du- 
 namark, as it enters the Bay. 
 
 MICHAEL’S (ST), or Temple- 
 Miciiael, a parish, rectory and corps 
 of a prebend, in the Barony of Barry- 
 more, extending into the Liberties of 
 the city of Cork. 
 
 MICHAEL’S (ST), a parish and 
 impropriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Forth, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, on Wexford Haven. 
 Post-town, Wexford. 
 
MID OF IRELAND. MIL 
 
 MIDDLETON, a small village in 
 the county of Armagh, on the road 
 to the little town of Monaghan. Fairs 
 are held on the first Thursday of each 
 month. 
 
 MIDDLETON, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Imo- 
 killy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, a part of the corps of the 
 Treasurership of that Diocese. The 
 neat, well-built, and thriving town of 
 Middleton, 131 Irish miles from 
 Dublin, and 101 miles from Cork, is 
 situated near the eastern extremity of 
 one of the estuaries of Cork Harbour, 
 and by an extension of the navigation, 
 or by a railway, might' become an im- 
 portant sea-port. At present vessels 
 can only approach within about two 
 miles of the town. The principal 
 street contains numerous commodious 
 houses, and in the town and neigh- 
 bourhood are two large distilleries, 
 breweries, and corn stores. Middle- 
 ton is in great repute for possessing 
 one of the best conducted schools in 
 Ireland, at which Curran received 
 part of his education. It was found- 
 ed in 1696 by Elizabeth Countess of 
 Orkney, eldest daughter of Sir Ed- 
 ward Yilliers, Knight Marischal of 
 England, sister of the first Earl of 
 Jersey, and Countess of Lord George 
 Hamilton, fifth son of William and 
 Anne, Duke and Duchess of Hamil- 
 ton, who was created Earl of Orkney 
 and Viscount Kirkwall in 1693. This 
 lady, though not particularly ugly, had 
 no personal charms, all her attractions 
 being those of the mind; and no less a 
 person than Dean Swift gave her the 
 unqualified praise of being the wisest 
 woman he ever saw. Her Ladyship 
 was so high in favour with William 
 III. that in May 1695 she actually ob- 
 tained from his Majesty a grant, un. 
 der the Great Seal of England, of all 
 the private estates of King James II. 
 in Ireland, comprising 95,649 acres, 
 then worth L. 25, 996 annually, and 
 valued at L.337,943, subject to the 
 payment of L.2000 per annum to Lady 
 Susan Belasyse, and L.1000 to Mrs 
 Godfrey, during their respective lives ; 
 
 647 
 
 but this grant was resumed for the 
 public use by Parliament in Decem- 
 ber 1699. The Free School of Middle- 
 ton is endowed with a rent charge of 
 L.200 per annum, and the Patrons are 
 eight Trustees under the will of the 
 Countess. The ancient name of the 
 parish was Castrachore, and an abbey 
 was founded here in 1180, either by 
 the Fitzgeralds or Barrys, called the 
 Abbey of St Mary of Chore, or of the 
 Chore of St Benedict. The present 
 name of Middleton is derived from the 
 town being considered half way be- 
 tween Cork and Youghal. Fairs are 
 held here in May, July, October, and 
 November. Near the small quay be- 
 low the town, where the principal 
 stores are situated, is the residence of 
 Ballinacurra House, and in the vici- 
 nity are some beech trees and remains 
 of buildings indicating the mansion of 
 Ballyanan, now removed, the seat of 
 Viscount Middleton, the proprietor 
 of the town, whose large and valuable 
 estates surround it on all sides. Allan 
 Broderick, Esq., a distinguished law- 
 yer, was appointed Lord High Chan- 
 cellor of Ireland, and created Baron 
 Broderick of Middleton in 1715, and 
 Viscount Middleton in 1717. George, 
 fourth Viscount, was created Baron 
 Broderick, in the Peerage of Great 
 Britain, in 1796. Population in 1831, 
 2034. 
 
 MIDTOWN-ARDMALIN, a village 
 in the parish of Cloncah, county of 
 Donegal. 
 
 MILLBROOK, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Aughnish, county of Donegal. 
 
 MILLENLAGH, or Melina, a pa- 
 rish and impropriate curacy in tne 
 Barony of Ballaghkeen, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. Post- 
 town, Gorey. 
 
 MILLFORD, a village in the parish 
 of Kilbolane, county of Cork. Fairs 
 are held in March, May, August, and 
 November. 
 
 MILLFORD, a small thriving town 
 in the parish of Tully, county of Do- 
 negal, upwards of eight Irish miles 
 from Letterkenny, and six miles from 
 Rosnakill, on the route to Fannet 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Point, the extremity of the district 
 locally called the Fannet, at the mouth 
 of Lough Swilly. Millford is situated 
 about half a mile from Mulroy Bay, 
 up to which small trading vessels sail. 
 A road branches off by Bunlin Bridge 
 to Carrigart along the west shore of 
 Mulroy Bay, and that to Eossnakil is 
 along the eastern shore, through a 
 wild, dreary, and little cultivated dis- 
 trict. The roads in this quarter are 
 very hilly and ill kept, and the accom- 
 modations for refreshments in the 
 town for travellers are public-houses. 
 
 MILL-ISLES, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Donaghadee, county of Down, 
 on the coast. 
 
 MILL-OF- LOUTH, a village in the 
 parish of Louth, county of Louth, on 
 the Glyde stream. 
 
 MILLMOUNT, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Clontebrit, county of Monag- 
 han, six miles from Castle-Blayney, on 
 the road to the town of Monaghan. 
 Near it is the residence of Millmount, 
 and a mile distant is the fine seat of 
 Castle Shane. 
 
 MILLSTREET, a small town in 
 the parish of Drishane, county of 
 Cork, 10£ Irish miles from Macroom, 
 and 17| miles from Killarney, the only 
 stage betw een these two places. It is 
 situated on the Blackwater, which in 
 the neighbourhood joins the boun- 
 dary between Cork and Kerry coun- 
 ties. In the town are a few shops, an 
 inn, and an Infantry Barrack. The 
 neighbourhood is surrounded by lofty 
 hills, but the arable land is consider- 
 able, and along the Blackwater are 
 some fertile tracts. Near it is Dri- 
 shane Castle, the demesne of which is 
 finely wooded, also the residences of 
 Dr omagh, Mount Leader, and Coom- 
 lagane. Population in 1331, 1935. 
 
 MILL TOWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Derryaghy, county of Antrim, 
 three miles from Lisburn. 
 
 MILLTOWN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ards, 
 county and Diocese of Down. The 
 village of Millto wn is three miles from 
 Portaferry, on a creek in Lough 
 Strangford. The benefices form 
 648 
 
 MIL 
 
 part of the corps of the Chancellor- 
 ship of the Diocese of Down. 
 
 MILLTOWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of St Kevin’s, county of Dublin, 
 on the banks of the Dodder, which is 
 crossed by a handsome bridge, about 
 three miles from Dublin. Here are 
 a woollen factory and large flour- 
 mills, and several elegant residences 
 adorn the picturesque vicinity. This 
 village gives the title of Earl, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Leeson, descended from Hugh 
 Leeson, Esq., of Northamptonshire, a 
 military officer who served in Ireland 
 about 1680, and settled in Dublin. 
 Joseph Leeson, Esq , his grandson, of 
 the Irish Bar, successively created Ba- 
 ron and Viscount Russborough, and 
 advanced to the dignity of Earl of 
 Millto wn in 1763. The chief family 
 seat is Russborough House, county of 
 Wicklow. 
 
 MILLTOWN, a small town in the 
 parish of Kilcoleman, county of Kerry, 
 on the Maine river, which is navigable 
 to it for vessels of 50 tons. Near it is 
 Kilcoleman Abbey (Godfrey, Bart.), 
 the seat of the proprietor of the town, 
 who has done much for its improve- 
 ment. Population in 1831, 1429. 
 
 MILLTOWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of RathgrofF, county of West- 
 meath. 
 
 MILLTO WN-MALB AY, a village 
 in the parish of Kilfarboy, county of 
 Clare, on a small inlet of the danger- 
 ous estuary of Maibay, 21 Irish miles 
 from Ennis by Ennistymond and La- 
 hinch. This village is a favourite 
 watering-place, and contains an ele- 
 gant parish church, a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a large hotel, and hot and cold 
 baths, It is also an excellent fishing 
 station, and is rapidly improving un- 
 der the fostering care of Mr Molony, 
 the proprietor, whose residence of 
 Milltown House is in the vicinity, as 
 is also the villa of Scarrew. Num- 
 bers of private lodges are erected. 
 The old town of Milltown is about a 
 mile from the splendid hotel. The 
 country round Milltown, and along 
 the coast towards Kilkee, has a most 
 
MIT OF IRELAND. MIT 
 
 desolate aspect. Fairs are held in 
 February, June, and October. 
 
 MILLTOWN-PASS, a village in the 
 parish of Xiltomb, county of Roscom- 
 mon. 
 
 MINARD, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Corkagui- 
 ney, county of Kerry, and united 
 Dioceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on 
 the north side of Dingle Bay. Here 
 are the ruins of Minard Castle, near 
 which is the residence of Minard. 
 Population in 1831, 1474. Post-town, 
 Dingle. 
 
 MINISH, or Moynish, an inhabited 
 island off the coast of Galway, between 
 Birterbuy and Kilkerran Bays. 
 
 MINOLA, a villnge in the parish of 
 Ballagh, county of Mayo. 
 
 MITCHELSTOWN, a well-built 
 town in the parish of Brigown, coun- 
 ty of Cork, on the Puncheon river, 
 close to the demesne of the Earl of 
 Kingston, the proprietor. It is 101 
 Irish miles from Dublin, 17 miles 
 from Cashel, eight miles from Fermoy, 
 and 25 miles from the city of Cork. 
 The principal streets are regularly 
 laid out, and that part of the town 
 along the Cork road, which has a very 
 dilapidated aspect, is to be removed 
 when the existing leases expire. No 
 trade is carried on in this town, but a 
 considerable retail business is done, 
 and the markets and fairs are well a1> 
 tended. Here are a neat parish 
 church, Roman Catholic chapel, and a 
 Branch Bank. In the spacious square 
 are some good houses, the inn, the 
 entrance to the demesne of Mitchels- 
 town Castle, and the buildings called 
 Kingston College, founded and en- 
 dowed by George third Earl of Kings- 
 ton, for the support of twelve reduced 
 gentlemen and sixteen reduced gen- 
 tlewomen, who have each a house, 
 garden, and L.40 per annum. It was 
 originally intended for the support of 
 the decayed Protestant tenantry on 
 the Kingston estates, but the objects 
 of the charity are now more enlarged. 
 The College is a large square of neat 
 dwelling-houses, and a chaplaiu and 
 medical attendant are attached, the 
 649 
 
 former having L.120 per annum, with 
 house and garden. Mitchelstown Cas- 
 tle is a large and magnificent castel- 
 lated mansion built from designs by 
 Messrs Paine of Cork in 1823, and com- 
 mands most extensive views of the 
 splendid mountain scenery and vast 
 estates of the Earl of Kingston. The 
 park, which is watered by the Fun- 
 cheon, the gardens, offices, and other 
 appendages, are all on a scale corre- 
 sponding to this grand seat, which 
 cost upwards of L. 160,000. Visitors 
 are liberally allowed to inspect both 
 the grounds and the interior of the 
 mansion, by application at the gate. 
 The celebrated caves of Mitchelstown 
 are about equal distance from the 
 town, Cahir, and Clogheen. Although 
 seven miles from Mitchelstown, they 
 are called by its name, as they are on 
 the estate. They are stalactite, and 
 have various eccentric appellations, 
 such as the House of Lords, Four 
 Courts, Court of Chancery, Kingston 
 Hall, &c., and are connected with each 
 other by narrow, rugged, and winding 
 passages. It is singular that, though 
 close to the cavern of Skeheewrinkie, 
 which has been long w r ell known, they 
 were discovered only in 1833 by a man 
 named Condon. The entrance is 
 about midway up a grey limestone 
 eminence, which rises about 100 feet 
 above the level of the mail road. Those 
 persons who visit the caves provide 
 themselves with a suitable dress, and 
 lights are kept in an adjoining public- 
 house. Nothing can exceedthe beauty 
 of the fantastic forms which the spar 
 has assumed in its descent from the 
 vaulted roof, and no description — not 
 even drawings^—can convey any ade- 
 quate idea of this extraordinary 1 pro- 
 duction of Nature, W'hich must be seen 
 to be appreciated. The prismatic 
 blocks in many instances unite with 
 the stalactites, and form the most 
 graceful pillars, while the crystalliza- 
 tions along the walls assume the soft 
 folds of the finest drapery. Here the 
 geologist has ample scope for investi- 
 gation, and it requires two hours to 
 inspect these caves even in the most su* 
 3 I 
 
MOD THE GAZETTEER MOK 
 
 perficial manner. About a mile from 
 the caves are the ruins of Burntcourt 
 and the little village of Shanbally. 
 Population of the town in 1831, 3545. 
 
 MITCHELSTOWN, or Strokes- 
 tow.v, a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Slane, county and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 303. Post- 
 town, Nobber. . 
 
 MIZEN-HEAD, a rocky headland 
 in the parish of Kiltnoe, county of 
 Cork, said to be the most southern 
 point of land in Ireland, on which is a 
 signal station. 
 
 MOATE, a small and neat town in 
 the parish of Killeleagb, county of 
 Westmeath, eight miles from Kilbeg- 
 gan, and 7| miles from Athlone, on 
 the road to Ballinaslee. Numbers of 
 Quakers reside in this town, and carry 
 on various branches of trade. Near 
 the town is the seat of Moate Castle, 
 and beyond it the residences of Lisse- 
 node, Fore, and Sherrock. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1785. 
 
 MOBLUSK, or Moylusk, a paro- 
 chial grange in the Half Barony of 
 Lower Belfast, county of Antrim, and 
 Diocese of Connor, one of the parishes 
 which constitute the .corps of the 
 Deanery of that Diocese. , 
 
 MOCOLLOP, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Coshmore, 
 county of Waterford, and Diocese of 
 Lismore, on the Blackwater. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3503. Post-town, Lis- 
 more. 
 
 MO CURRY, a village in the parish 
 of Moynarty, county of Wexford, on 
 the Urrin stream. 
 
 MODELIGO, or Modelridge, a 
 parish, rectory and corps of a pre- 
 bend, in the Barony of Decies-without- 
 Drum, county of Waterford, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore, on the Finisk stream. 
 The village of its name is eight miles 
 from Lismore. Here are the ruins of 
 Mountain and Sledy Castles, formerly 
 the property of the Magraths. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2116. Post-town, 
 Lismore. 
 
 MODEREENY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Ormond, county of Tipperary, and 
 650 
 
 Diocese of Killaloe. Post-town, Bor- 
 ris-o-Keane. 
 
 MODE SHILL, parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Slieve- 
 ardagh, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, forming a part of the 
 corps of the Archdeaconry of that 
 Diocese. Population in 1831, 998. 
 Post-town, Callan. 
 
 MOGEALY, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Kinataloon, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on the 
 Bude river. Population in 1831, 
 3047. 
 
 MOGEALY, also Imogeely, and 
 Macalue, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of Imokilly, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Po- 
 pulation iu 1831, 3095. Post-town, 
 Castle-Martyr. 
 
 MOGEASAH, also Mogeesy and 
 Imogeesy, a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Barrymore, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne, on the north 
 side of Cork Harbour. Population 
 in 1831, 1985. Post-town, Middle- 
 ton. 
 
 MOGORBANF,, a parish and per- 
 petual curacy in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 1405. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 MOHER CLIFFS are stupendous 
 precipices, deep ravines, caverns, aw- 
 fully impending masses, and detached 
 island rocks, arched and pinnacled 
 in innumerable grotesque forms, on 
 the coast of Clare, between Liscanor 
 Bay on the south, and Black Head 
 Bay in the Bay of Galway on the 
 north, to the south-east of the South 
 Arran Islands. The Cliffs of Moher 
 are 130 Irish miles from Dublin by 
 Ennis and Ennistymond; 135 Irish 
 miles from that city by Gort, Curofin, 
 and Ennistymond; and three miles 
 from the village of Lahinch, forming 
 a part of the South Sound between 
 Hag’s Head Point and Black Head, and 
 extend from the former to Doolin 
 Bay, a distance of five Irish miles. 
 They rise perpendicularly to up- 
 wards of 1000 feet above the ocean. 
 The cliff on which the signal tower 
 
MOI OF IRELAND. MOI 
 
 is erected is ascertained by measure- 
 ment to be 909 feet, and the rock 
 eastward 1009 feet. The view from 
 the summit is most magnificent and 
 impressive, especially when the bil- 
 lows of the Atlantic break and foam 
 against these cliffs with uncontrol- 
 lable fury, or the deep sounds of the 
 surge are heard from the awe-in- 
 spiring heights. Such is the force of 
 the waves, that cubes of limestone ten 
 and twelve feet have been found on 
 ledges on the rocks near Doolin. My- 
 riads of sea-fowl inhabit the towering 
 precipices, and are seen plunging into 
 the waves, or soaring aloft in all di- 
 rections. Various walks and drives 
 are constructed along the Cliffs for 
 the convenience of the visitor. Birch- 
 field, the residence of Mr O’Callaghan, 
 the proprietor, is passed on the road 
 leading from the village of Liscanor 
 to the Cliffs, and at Doolin Bay ; on 
 the north side of the perpendicular 
 and rugged masses is the mansion of 
 Doolin Castle, about five miles from 
 Lahinch. 
 
 MO HILL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony and county of 
 Leitrim, Barony and county of Long- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ardagh. The 
 small town of Mohill is 72 Irish miles 
 from Dublin, and three miles from 
 Dromod, on the cross-road leading to 
 Ballinamore. An abbey was found- 
 ed here in the beginning of the seventh 
 century. Here is a school for a li- 
 mited number of poor boys and girls, 
 but the town contains no object of 
 importance, and is chiefly noted for 
 its numerous fairs throughout the 
 year. Near the town, in the vicinity 
 of Lough Rynn, are the residences of 
 Rynn (Viscount Clements), Cloonca- 
 hir (Crofton, Bart.), Lakefield, and 
 Drumard. Population of the town in 
 1831, 1606; of the parish, 16,664. 
 
 MOINTAGLIS, or Moyxtaghs, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 O’Neilland East, county of Armagh, 
 and Diocese of Lismore, on Lough 
 Neagh. Population in 1831, 2891. 
 Post-town, Lurgan. 
 
 MOIRA, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 661 * 
 
 carage, in the Barony of Lower Iveagh, 
 county of Down, and Diocese of Dro- 
 more. The village of Moira is three 
 and a half miles from Lurgan, on the 
 road to Lisburn, and is the seat of a 
 considerable linen manufacture. Its 
 ancient name was Moyrath, and it was 
 the scene of a bloody battle in the 
 seventh century between two Irish 
 chiefs. The town gives the title of 
 Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 Noble Family of Campbell- Rawdon- 
 Hastings, Marquis of Hastings in the 
 Peerage of England, and Earls of 
 Loudon in that of Scotland. Sir John 
 Rawdon was created Baron Rawdon 
 in 1750, and Earl of Moira in 1761. 
 His Lordship died in 1793, and was 
 succeeded by his son Francis, a dis- 
 tinguished soldier, and an eloquent 
 and popular statesman, who married 
 Flora Countess of Loudon in her own 
 right, and was father of the lamented 
 Lady Flora Hastings, who died in 1810, 
 universally regretted as the victim of 
 Court slander. The remains of the 
 demesne of the Earls of Moira near 
 the town are now included in the 
 estate of another proprietor (Bate- 
 son, Bart.) Fairs are held at Moira 
 on the first Thursday of every month. 
 Population in 1831, 3801. 
 
 MOIRUS, a very extensive parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Ballinahinch, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Tuam, including ten in- 
 habited islands. It is a wild, solitary, 
 and picturesque district, bounded by 
 an extensive kelp shore. The females 
 are busily engaged in knitting and 
 spinning, and there are valuable sal- 
 mon and herring fisheries. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 9792. Post-town, Ough- 
 terard. 
 
 MOISTA SOUND, four miles west 
 ofBalderig,onthenorth coast of Mayo, 
 is one of those striking objects of 
 marine scenery which abound in this 
 part of the wild district of Erris. It 
 is so narrow that a boat’s oar must 
 be laid aside in passing through it, 
 and it is bounded by perpendicular 
 rocks said to be 500 feet high. 
 
 MOIVORE, or Moyvore, a parish 
 
MON THE GAZETTEER MON 
 
 and impropriate rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Rathconrath, connty of West- 
 meath, and Diocese of Meath. See 
 Temple-Patrick. 
 
 MOLAHIFFE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Magonihy, coun- 
 ty of Kerry, and united Dioceses of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe, on the Maine 
 river. Population in 1831, 3708. Post- 
 town, Milltown. 
 
 MOLUSK. See Moblcsk. 
 
 MOLYRANY, a hamlet in the 
 county of Mayo, upwards of eight 
 Irish miles from Newport-Mayo, on 
 the road from Castlebar to Belmul- 
 let by Tulloghaan Ferry and Clen- 
 castle. It is on the shore of an inlet 
 from the Sound of Achill, the road to 
 it from Newport skirting the shore of 
 Clew Bay, and here a road branches 
 to Achill. Molyrany is a mere clachan, 
 or group of cabins. 
 
 MOLYSCAR, orMoLEscAR, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Rathconrath, county of Westmeath, 
 and Diocese of Meath, on Lough En- 
 nel. Population in 1831, 282. Post- 
 town, Mullingar. 
 
 MONAGHAN, a county in the Pro- 
 vince of Ulster, bounded on the east 
 by the county of Armagh, from which 
 in one part it is separated by the Fane 
 river } on the north by the county of 
 Tyrone, of which towards the north- 
 east the Blackwater is the boundary ; 
 on the south-east by Louth ; on the 
 south by Meath; and on the south- 
 west by Cavan, from which counties 
 it is partly or altogether separated by 
 the Lagan, a feeder of the Clyde; and 
 on the west and north-west by the 
 county of Fermanagh. The outline 
 is that of an irregular quadrangle, 
 and from the banks of the Blackwater 
 to the Lagan the greatest length dia- 
 gonally from north by west to south 
 by east is thirty-seven miles, while 
 the other, from the vicinity of Clones 
 to near Inniskeen, is twenty-three 
 miles. The area is estimated to com- 
 prise 511 square miles, or 327,048 sta- 
 tute acres, of which 309,968 are culti- 
 vated, 9236 unimproved mountain and 
 bog, and 7844 are under water. Mo- 
 652 
 
 naghan, next to Meath, has the least 
 tract of uncultivated ground of any 
 county in Ireland, and in 1831 was 
 the most densely peopled, next to 
 Dublin, Armagh, and Down. The 
 county is divided into five Baronies of 
 Cremorne, central and east ; Dartry, 
 central and west; Farney, south; Mo- 
 naghan, central; and Trough, north. 
 
 The surface is hilly, but there are 
 no continued ranges or chains. The 
 principal heights are the Slieve-Beagh 
 Mountains, which form a sterile and 
 uninteresting w aste on the boundary 
 with Tyrone. This part of the coun- 
 ty is included in the great limestone 
 district of the north and centre of Ire- 
 land. Limestone of excellent quality 
 is obtained in abundance, but the 
 useful minerals are limited ; no coal 
 has been found vvhioh would defray 
 the expense of working ; the ironstone 
 hitherto discovered is of an inferior 
 quality ; and the extensive premises 
 erected for melting lead ore are aban- 
 doned. 
 
 The principal rivers, none of which 
 are navigable, are the Fane, the Glyde, 
 and the Finn. The Blackwater has a 
 course of ten or twelve miles along 
 the north-eastern boundary, and re- 
 ceives several streams from the Slieve- 
 Beagh Mountains. The Finn has a 
 course of twenty miles within the 
 county, in its progress to the Erne. 
 Loughs Neagh and Erne are united by 
 the Ulster Canal, crossing the county 
 in a south-west direction, having 
 20 miles out of its 46 miles of length 
 within its boundaries. There are se- 
 veral lakes, none of which are of any 
 great extent, such as Lough Muokno, 
 near Castle Blayney; Lough Inner, 
 near Rockcorry; Lough Emy, near 
 Emy vale ; Glaslougb, near the town 
 so called ; Lough Leesborough, be- 
 tween Rockcorry and Newbliss; and 
 a number of others. 
 
 This county generally possesses 
 few features of interest. The soil is 
 of every variety, and the principal 
 crops are oats, barley, potatoes, and 
 red wheat of an inferior quality. Flax 
 is grown to a great extent, and is most 
 
MON OF IRELAND. MON 
 
 valuable as a source of industry and 
 profit, though that of Armagh is con- 
 sidered superior. Clover and vetches 
 are grown in abundance, and green 
 crops are annually increasing. The 
 want of good pasturage prevents the 
 fattening of cattle, except a few on 
 the demesnes of the gentry. They are 
 generally of the native Irish breed, 
 and are turned out to graze on the 
 mountains. Pigs are reared in vast 
 numbers for the Belfast market. 
 
 The condition of the peasantry is 
 described by the Commissioners ap- 
 pointed for inquiring into the condi- 
 tion of the Irish poor as being most 
 wretched. According to their Third 
 Report tenpence per day is the aver- 
 age rate of wages annually, but the 
 able-bodied labourers can only get 
 employment about 180 days in the 
 year, or little more than three days in 
 the week. Though in this condition 
 they marry early, without caring any- 
 thing about the future, and pay their 
 rent by work done to the farmer, under 
 whom they hold their con-acre and 
 cabins. In this manner they drag out a 
 most unenviable existence, their wives 
 and children occasionally earning a 
 mere pittance by spinning, rearing a 
 fewmelancholy-lookingfowls, weeding 
 or looking after the cattle, for which 
 latter occupation they get threepence 
 per day, without diet. Their con- 
 stant food is potatoes, sometimes sea- 
 soned, but not often, by a drink of but- 
 ter-milk. Their habitations are most 
 wretched hovels, the windows rarely 
 glazed, and to some of these cabins are 
 attached holes for keeping pigs. Their 
 clothing, as may be anticipated, is lit- 
 tle better than rags, which they bor- 
 row from each other, some going out 
 in the morning, others in the even- 
 ing, in the same deplorable habili- 
 ments. 
 
 The political history of the county 
 is unimportant ; ecclesiastically it is 
 wholly included in the Diocese of 
 Clogher (see Clogher), and for legal 
 and judicial purposes it forms a part 
 of the North-East Circuit. The 
 county returns two Members to Par- 
 653 
 
 liament; constituency in 1840-1, 2151. 
 Population in 1831, 195,536. 
 
 MONAGHAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony and coun- 
 ty of its name, and Diocese of Clogher. 
 The county town of Monaghan is 
 about sixty-one Irish miles from Dub- 
 lin by Ashbourne, Slane, Drumcon- 
 ra, Carrickmacross, and Castle- Blay- 
 ney, on the road to Emy vale, Newtown. 
 Stewart, and Londonderry. The own- 
 consists of a cluster of very irregular- 
 ly built streets, the three principal 
 ones meeting in the square called the 
 Diamond, in the centre of which are 
 good houses. Another square in the 
 south-east side of the town is call- 
 ed Shamble Square. Some ancient 
 walls near the Diamond are said to 
 be the remains of a monastery of Con- 
 ventual Franciscans founded in 1462, 
 on the site of an ancient reli gious house, 
 of which one Moeledius was Abbot, 
 from one or other of which the town 
 was called Monaghan, a corruption of 
 Monkstown ; and an earthen mound 
 marks the fort occupied by Sir Ed- 
 ward Blayney, in the reign of James 
 I. ; but there are no antiquities of any 
 importance. 
 
 The public buildings are the 
 County Court House, a very elegant 
 modern edifice, in the centre of the 
 town; the County Infirmary, on the 
 east side; the County Jail, on the 
 north side, and the Diocesan School 
 of Clogher, on the west. The parish 
 church is a large and handsome new 
 Gothic structure ; one Romau Catho- 
 lic Chapel is in the town, and two 
 others in the parish ; and Presbyterian, 
 Independent, and Methodist meeting- 
 houses. Here are also a Market 
 House, a Linen Hall, and an Infantry 
 Barrack. The principal trade is the 
 linen manufacture, and the disposal 
 of the agricultural produce of the 
 surrounding district. There are 
 branches of the Provincial Bank of 
 Ireland, of the Belfast Banking Com- 
 pany, and of the Ulster Bat; King Com- 
 pany, also a Savings Bank; and the 
 townis considered tobe thriving, being ! 
 greatly benefited by the Ulster Canal, 
 
MON 
 
 THE GAZETTEER MON 
 
 which passes close to it. The mar- 
 k -r: day for linen and pigs is Monday, 
 and great numbers are slaughtered, 
 and sent to Belfast for exportation; 
 on Tuesday the market is held for all 
 kinds of grain except oats ; on Wed- 
 nesday for oats, and on Saturday for 
 oats and potatoes. Fairs are held on 
 the first Monday of each month. The 
 corn and potatoe market is held in 
 the Diamond Square, and the meal 
 market in Shamble Square. Consi- 
 derable quantities of flax, yarn, but- 
 ter, and provisions of all kinds, are 
 also sold. 
 
 The town of Monaghan sent two 
 members to Parliament before the 
 Union, when it was disfranchised, and 
 Lord Rossmore, the patron, received 
 L. 15,000 as compensation. The streets 
 are w'atched and lighted. There are 
 numerous public and private schools, 
 a Dispensary, Mendicity Society, an 
 Association for the Relief of the Poor, 
 and the Union Poor Law Workhouse. 
 The Corporation was constituted by 
 James I. in 1613, by whose charter it 
 consists of a Provost, twelve Free 
 Burgesses, and an indefinite number 
 of Freemen. By the Irish Municipal 
 Bill the style of the Corporation is 
 the Provost, Free Burgesses, and Com- 
 monalty of the Borough of Monaghan. 
 A district surrounds the town, extend- 
 ing in every direction three-fourths 
 of a mile, called the “Corporation,” 
 divided into ten townlands. About a 
 mile and a half south of the town are 
 the villas of Camla and Ballyleck, and 
 the fine demesne of Rossmore Park, 
 the seat of Lord Rossmore. In the 
 western suburbs are Cornacossa, Ross- 
 field, Raconnell, and other villas. Po- 
 pulation of the town in 1831, 3843; of 
 the parish, 11,875. 
 
 MONALTY (LOUGH), a lake near 
 the village of Carrickmacross, in the 
 county of Monaghan, on the banks of 
 which is the residence of Monalty, on 
 the cross-road leading to Dundalk. 
 
 MON ANIMY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Fermov, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. 
 Near the hamlet of Killavallane, five 
 654 
 
 miles from the post-town of Mallow', 
 are the ruins of the old church of 
 Monanimy, and of the Castle of Car- 
 rignacorry, the latter, which are very 
 extensive, on the summit of a steep 
 bank overlooking the Blackwater. 
 Population in 1831, 2751. 
 
 MONASTERBOICE, a parochial 
 curacy in the Barony of Ferrard, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. The sequestered ruins of 
 Monasterboice are four miles from 
 Drogheda, and a mile west from the 
 public roads, in a tract of rough pas- 
 ture. These lonely ruins consist of 
 the walls of two chapels, an ancient 
 round tower, and two large stone 
 crosses, the one usually termed St 
 Boyne’s Cross, considered by many to 
 be one of the most ancient religious 
 relics in Ireland. It contains an in- 
 scription in the Irish character, in 
 which the name Muredach, probably 
 the monarch of that name who died 
 A.D. 534, was long perfectly legible. 
 An abbey is said to have been found- 
 ed here by one St Bcetius in A.D. 
 521. Near the ruins is the residence 
 of Monasterboice House. Population 
 in 1831, 705. 
 
 MONASTEREYAN, a parish, per- 
 petual curacy, and thriving market 
 and post-town, in the Barony of West 
 Ophaly, county and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare. The town of Monasterevan is 
 situated on the boundary of the coun- 
 ty of Kildare with Queen’s County, 
 five miles from the town of Kildare, 
 on the road to Maryborough. The 
 Barrow is crossed by two bridges 
 close to the town, and a branch of the 
 Grand Canal here separates, one run- 
 ning through the town to Athy, the 
 other to Mountmellick and Portarling- 
 ton. The town, which is the pro- 
 perty of the Marquis of Drogheda, 
 though erected without any apparent 
 plan, has an agreeable aspect ; the 
 principal street, built only on one 
 side, fronts the river; and the Mar- 
 ket-House is in an open area. The 
 elegant parish church was built by 
 Charles, first Marquis of Drogheda, 
 and is adorned with a lofty square 
 
MON 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 MON 
 
 tower. The town contains a Roman 
 Catholic chapel, and several schools, 
 one of which is under the control of 
 the Incorporated Society. Eere are 
 extensive stores for goods intended 
 for conveyance on the Grand Canal, 
 and a large distillery and brewery ; 
 the weekly markets are well attended, 
 and considerable quantities of grain 
 and provisions are forwarded along 
 the Canal. A short distance from the 
 town, amid extensive and beautiful 
 plantations, is Moore Abbey, the fine 
 seat of the Marquis of Drogheda, 
 erected by the first Marquis in the 
 Gothic or Abbey style of architecture, 
 on the site of an ancient Franciscan 
 Abbey of the twelfth century. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1441 ; of parish, 4336. 
 
 MONASTERNENAGH, a parish 
 and vicarage extending into the Ba- 
 ronies of Coshma, Pubblebrien, and 
 Small County, county and Diocese of 
 1 Limerick. A Cistertian Abbey was 
 , founded here in 1148, which was grant- 
 ed to Sir Henry Wallop, ancestor of 
 the Earl of Portsmouth, at the sup- 
 pression of the religious houses. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2800. Post-town, 
 Croom. 
 
 MONEA, a village in the parish of 
 Ennismacsaint, county of Fermanagh, 
 in the vicinity of which are extensive 
 quarries of limestone and freestone, 
 and valuable beds of marl. Fairs are 
 held on the 10th of February, 8th of 
 June, 7th of July, 26th of August, 
 13th of October, and 12th of Novem- 
 ber. 
 
 MONEGEA, or Monegay, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Upper Connello, county and Dio- 
 cese of Limerick. See Newcastle. 
 
 MONEMOINTER, or Ballyclog- 
 h y , a parish and entire rectory in the 
 Barony of Gualtier, county and Dio- 
 cese of Waterford, constituting apart 
 of the corps of the Chancellorship of 
 the Diocese. 
 
 MONEYGALL, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Templeharry, King’s County, 
 three miles from the ancient town of 
 Roscrea. About a mile distant is 
 Laughton, the seat of Lord Bloom- 
 655 
 
 field, the finely improved demesne ex- 
 tending on the rising grounds which 
 unite with the southerly hills. 
 
 MONEYMORE, a village at the 
 base of the Arrigal Mountain, in the 
 county of Donegal. 
 
 MONEYMORE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Oranmore, county of Galway. 
 
 MONEYMORE, a thrh'ing market 
 and post-town in the parishes of Ard- 
 trea and Desertlin, county of London- 
 derry, situated on a streamlet four 
 miles from Lough Neagh, and 25 Irish 
 miles from Armagh by Charlemont 
 and Cookstown, on the road to Cole- 
 raine by Magherafelt and Maghera. 
 This neat town has been, and still is, 
 greatly improved by the Drapers’ 
 Company of London, who are pro- 
 prietors of a large tract of the sur- 
 rounding district, in which the linen 
 manufacture is most extensively car- 
 ried on. It has a parish church, a 
 Roman Catholic chapel, Presbyterian 
 and other meeting-houses, Court and 
 Market-Houses, a Linen Hall, and a 
 good hotel. The ruins of its ancient 
 castle were removed in 1760. The 
 weekly markets are well attended, 
 and large quantities of linen, grain, 
 butter, and other provisions, are sold 
 at the fairs, which are held on the 
 12th of April and 21st of every month. 
 In the vicinity are several neat villas. 
 Population in 1831, 1025. 
 
 SlONIVE A, a parish, perpetual cu- 
 racy, and village, in the Barony of 
 Tyaquin, county of Galway, and Dio- 
 cese of Tuara. The village of Monivea 
 is three miles from Athenry, and near 
 it are the residences of Monivea 
 House, Cassane, and Belleville. See 
 Athenry. 
 
 MONKNEWTOWN, a parochial 
 chapelry in the Barony of Upper 
 Slane, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 
 MONK’S GRANGE, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ballyadams, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of Leigh- 
 lin. Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 MONKSLAND, or Monkstown, 
 parish and entire rectory belonging 
 to the Barony of Upperthird, though 
 in the Barony of Decies- without- 
 
MON 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 MOR 
 
 Drum, county of Waterford, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore, on the Mahon river. 
 Population in 1831, 1024. Post-town, 
 Kilmacthomas. 
 
 MONKSTOWN, a parish in the 
 Barony of Kerricurrihy, county and 
 Diocese of Cork, on Cork Harbour. 
 The pretty, romantic, and straggling 
 village of Monkstown, in Irish called 
 Ballymonoch, is about a mile from 
 Passage, skirting the plantations of 
 Carrigmahon and the cut through 
 the Giant’s Stairs. The older por- 
 tions of the village are in the gorge 
 of a deep glen. Above this glen 
 rises the old castle, originally known as 
 Castle-Mahon, or O Mahony’s Castle, 
 a quadrangular structure flanked by 
 four square towers, and still partly 
 roofed, but uninhabited since it was 
 used as a Barrack during the French 
 War. The views from this Castle 
 are of great beauty. To the west 
 are the ruins of the old church of 
 Monkstown. The recent dwellings 
 erected in this picturesque locality 
 are scattered along the shore stretch- 
 ing to the north, on a verdant slope. 
 Behind these, on the ascent of the hill, 
 is the parish church, a neat edifice in 
 the pointed style, with a light and 
 graceful spire, endowed in 1831 by the 
 Earl of Longford and Viscount De 
 Vesci, the joint proprietors of the 
 place. Population in 1831, 2199. 
 
 MONKSTOWN, a parish and cu- 
 racy in the Baronies of Uppercross 
 and Half Rathdown, county and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. The improving 
 and fashionable town of Monkstown 
 is situated on the Bay of Dublin, four 
 Irish miles from that city on the road 
 to Kingstown, and the vicinity is stud- 
 ded with elegant seats, villas, and de- 
 mesnes, the residences of the wealthy 
 citizens of Dublin. Monkstown is a 
 gem of a place — pleasant, fashionable, 
 and gay, containing the most elegant 
 and first-rate society. See Blackrock 
 and Kingstown. 
 
 MONKSTOWN, or Mountown, a 
 parochial lay impropriation in the Ba- 
 rony of Skreene, county and Diocese 
 of Meath. 
 
 656 
 
 MONMOHEM ACK, or Dunmanoge, 
 a parish, half rectory and vicarage, in 
 the Baronies of Kilkea and Moone, 
 county of Kildare, part of the corps 
 of a prebend in St Patrick’s Cathe- 
 dral, Dublin. Post-town, Castleder- 
 mot. 
 
 MONOMOLING, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Ballaghkeen 
 and Gorey, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, a part of the corps 
 of the Treasurership of the Diocese, 
 on the Aurn-Banna river. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 2032. Post-town, Gorey. 
 
 MONSEA, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Lower Or- 
 mond, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe, on the eastern bank 
 of the Shannon. Population in 1831, 
 1753. Post-tow’n, Nenagh. 
 
 MOONE, a parish, vicarage, and 
 village, in the united Baronies of Kil- 
 kea and Moone, county of Kildare, 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. Here 
 are the ruins of a monastery of Con- 
 ventual Franciscans, near which is a 
 large stone cross. Post-town, Bally- 
 tore. 
 
 MOORE, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Moycarne, 
 county of Roscommon, and Diocese of 
 Tuam. Population in 1831, 4376. Post- 
 town, Athlone. 
 
 MOORE-CHURCH, or Mora, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Upper Duleek, county and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 1009. 
 Post-town, Balbriggan. 
 
 MOOREGAGA, or Moregaga, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Kilmaine, county of Mayo, 
 and Diocese of Tuam. Population in 
 1831, 566. Post-town, Headford. 
 
 MOOREFIELD, a village upwards 
 of a mile from Newbridge, on the road 
 to Kildare, near the residence of 
 Moorefield. 
 
 MORA, a parish, extra rectory and 
 corps of a prebend, in the Barony of 
 Middlethird, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Lismore. Post-town, 
 Fethard. 
 
 MOR ELL, a small tributary of the 
 Liffey which runs through the vil- 
 
I MOK OF IRELAND. MOU 
 
 I lage of Johnston, in the county of Kil- 
 dare. 
 
 MORGANS, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Lower Connell o, 
 county and Diocese of Limerick, a 
 part of the corps of the Precentorsliip 
 of that Cathedral. Population in 
 1331, 470. Post-town, Askeaton. 
 
 MORISK, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of its name, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, on Clew 
 Bay. The district of Morisk is sepa- 
 rated from Connemara by the narrow 
 Killery Harbour or Bay, and in ap- 
 pearance resembles Connemara and 
 Joyce Country, but the mountains are 
 higher. Mount Browne, a seat of 
 the Marquis of Sligo, is situated, with 
 its plantations and deer park, among 
 the heath-covered mountain slopes of 
 Morisk. The whole district exhibits 
 a succession of high hills, boggy plains, 
 dells, and ravines, traversed by their 
 several streams. At the base of 
 Croagli-Patrick are the ruins of Mo- 
 risk Abbey, near the village. See 
 Croagh-Patrick and Westport. 
 
 MORNING STAR, a tributary 
 stream of the Maig in the county of 
 Limerick, which passes the small town 
 of BrufF. 
 
 MORNINGTON, a parish and cu- 
 racy, with a small village of its name, 
 in the Barony of Lower Duleek, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Thi9 
 parish gives the title of Earl to the 
 Marquis of Wellesley. Richard Cow- 
 ley, Esq., descended from Walter 
 Cowley, Esq., Solicitor-General of 
 Ireland in 1537, succeeded his cousin 
 Garret Wellesley, Esq., of Dangan, ir. 
 his estates, at the death of that gen 
 tleman in 1728 without issue, and as 
 sumed the surname and arms of Wel- 
 lesley. In 1746 he was created Baron 
 of Mornington, in the Peerage of 
 Ireland, and at his death in 1758 he 
 was succeeded by his son Garret, se- 
 cond Lord, who was advanced to the 
 dignity of Earl of Mornington in 1760. 
 His Lordship married, in 1757, Anne, 
 eldest daughter of the Right Honour- 
 able Arthur Hill, first Viscount Dun- 
 gannon, by whom he had Richard 
 657 
 
 Marquis Wellesley, William Lord | 
 Maryborough, Arthur Duke of Wei- J 
 lington, Gerald Valerian (in holy or- 
 ders), Henry Lord Cowley, and one 
 daughter, Lady Anne, married first to 
 the Hon. Henry Fitzroy, who died in 
 1794, and second to Culling Charles 
 Smith, Esq. 
 
 MORRISTOWN-BILLER, a pa- 
 rish and entire rectory in the Barony 
 of Connell, county and Dioceso of 
 Kildare. In this quarter are the de- 
 mesnes of Morristown and Yeomans- 
 town. Post-town, Naas. 
 
 MORTLETSTOWN, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Iffa 
 and Offa, oounty of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Lismore. Population in 
 1831, 574. Post-town, Cahir. 
 
 MOSSIDE, a village in the parish 
 of Drumtullagh, county of Antrim. 
 Here is a Presbyterian meeting-house, 
 and fairs are held on the 1 3th of Feb- 
 ruary, 21st of May, 21st of July, and 
 21st of November. 
 
 MOSSTOWN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Ardee, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 Population in 1831, 1229. Post-town, 
 Dunleer. 
 
 MOTHIL, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Fassadining, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. Population in 1831, 2029. 
 Post-town, Castlecomer. 
 
 MOTHIL, a parish and impropriate 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Upperthird, county of Waterford, 
 and Diocese of Lismore. Here are 
 the ruins of an ancient monastery, 
 which w'as granted at the dissolution 
 of the religious houses to Sir Walter 
 Raleigh. Population in 1831, 2427. 
 Post-town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 MOUNTAIN RIVER, a stream 
 which waters the beautiful demesne 
 of Anketell’s Grove, four miles from 
 the town of Monaghan. 
 
 MOUNT-BELLEW, a village in the 
 parish of Killasolan, county of Gal- 
 way, six mibs from Castle-Blakeney. 
 Near it are the demesne of Mount- 
 Bellevv, artificial lake, family chapel, 
 schools, and monastery. 
 
MOU THE GAZETTEER MOU 
 
 MOUNT-BOLUS, "a small village 
 near Mount-Pleasant, on the road from 
 Portarlington to Parsonstown (Birr) 
 by Killeagh, King’s County. 
 
 MOUNTCASHEL, a locality near 
 the ancient city of Cashel, which 
 gives the title of Earl, in the Peerage 
 of Ireland, to the Noble Family of 
 Moore, descended from Thomas de 
 Moore, a knight who accompanied 
 William the Conqueror into England, 
 and held an important command at 
 the Battle of Hastings. George Moore, 
 Esq., of Kilworth, was created Baron 
 Kilworth in 1764, and Viscount Mount- ( 
 cash el in 1766. His son, the second 
 
 Viscount, was advanced to the dig- 
 nity of Earl of Mountcashel in 1781. 
 
 MOUNTCHARLES, a village in 
 the parish of Inver, county of Done- 
 gal, about four miles from the town 
 of Donegal, which gives the title of 
 Viscount to the Marquis of Conyng- 
 ham. Fairs are held here on the 18th 
 of January, 28th of March, 10th of 
 May, 9th of June, 22d of July, 20th of 
 August, 22d of September and October, 
 and 18th of November. This small 
 town is stragglingly built on the sum- 
 mit of a rocky elevated ridge, in as- 
 cending to which from the town of 
 Donegal, on the road to Killybeggs, 
 is passed the Hall, a small lodge and 
 demesne belonging to the Marquis of 
 Conyngham. Three Irish miles dis- 
 tant is Inver Bay. 
 
 MOUNTEAGLE, a village in the 
 parish of Ventry, county of Kerry, on 
 Ventry Harbour. 
 
 MO QNT-HIL ARY, a lofty hill in 
 the county of Cork, forming a part of 
 the Bogra range, on the left of the 
 road from Mallow to Kanturk. 
 
 MOUNT-LEINSTER, a mountain 
 in the county of Carlow, 2604 feet in 
 height, connected with the Blackstairs 
 Mountains, near the route from Dub- 
 lin to Wexford by Blessington, Tul- 
 low, Newtownbarry,and Enniscorthy. 
 
 MOUNT-ME CLICK, a thriving lit- 
 I tie town in the parish of Rosenallis, 
 Queen’s County, 6£ Irish miles from 
 Portarlington, on the road to Birr. 
 
 ' It is almost surrounded by rivers, of 
 658 
 
 which the Barrow is the principal, 
 and the branch of the Grand Canal 
 from Monasterevan by Portarlington 
 extends to it, along which consider- 
 able quantities of goods are conveyed. 
 This town has been greatly benefited 
 by a settlement of Quakers, who 
 carry on cotton-spinning and various 
 branches of trade. The streets are 
 regular, and the houses well built. 
 In addition to the cotton and coarse 
 woollen weaving, in this thriving 
 town are an iron and brass foundry 
 for the manufacture of machinery, a 
 tan- yard, breweries, soap-houses, pot" 
 teries, a distillery, and corn-mills. 
 The branch of the Grand Canal has 
 greatly increased the trade in agri- 
 cultural produce and general mer- 
 chandise. There are two weekly 
 markets, and ten fairs are held an- 
 nually. In the parishes of Rosenallis 
 and Coolbanagher, in which the town 
 is situated, besides the churches, and 
 a chapel-of-ease, there are four Roman 
 Catholic chapels, four Methodist, and 
 one Quaker meeting-house. The 
 number of . schools in 1835 was 26, 
 seven of which were in connection 
 with the National Board of Education ; 
 ten are supported either by the Lon- 
 don Hibernian Society, the London La- 
 dies’ Hibernian Society, or by Erasmus 
 Smith’s fund, and a Quaker’s board- 
 ing school. Population in 1831, 4577. 
 
 MOUNTMORRES, or Castlemor- 
 res, in the county of Kilkenny, gives 
 the title of Viscount, in the Peerage 
 of Ireland, to a branch of the family 
 of Morres, descended from the Ba- 
 rons of Montmorency in France. 
 Hervey Morres, Esq., of Castle-Mor- 
 res, was created Baron and Viscount 
 Mountmorres in 1756 and 1763. This 
 family have resumed their ancient 
 name of De Montmorency. 
 
 MOUNTNORRIS, a castle in the 
 county of Armagh, w'hich gives the 
 title of Earl, in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land, to the Noble Family of Annes- 
 ley. Sir Francis Annesley, Knight, 
 was created Baron Mountnorris in 
 1628. Arthur Viscount Valentiawas 
 created Earl of Mountnorris in 1793. 
 
MOU 
 
 MOU 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 The hamlet of Mountnorris, about 
 seven Irish miles from Newry, on the 
 road to Armagh, derives its name 
 from a fort erected at it by General 
 Norris in the reign of Elizabeth, to 
 guard the pass between Newry and 
 Armagh. Charles I. granted a large 
 tract of land to found a college here, 
 
 J the rent of which now belongs to the 
 College of Armagh. 
 
 MOUNT-NUGENT, a village in the 
 ; parish of Kilbride, county of Cavan, 
 five miles from Oldcastle. The beau- 
 tiful Lough Sheelin lies a little to the 
 south of Mount-Nugent. Fairs are 
 held on the 1st of June and 21st of 
 October. 
 
 MOUNTR ATH, a town in the pa- 
 | rish of Clonenagh, Queen’s County, 
 47 Irish miles from Dublin, on the 
 | road to Limerick by Naas, Kildare, 
 Monasterevan, and Maryborough, and 
 the same distance from Limerick by 
 Rosscrea and Nenagh. Mountrath is 
 watered by a small stream which en- 
 ters the Nore a short distance below 
 it, here a river of very considerable 
 breadth and depth. The town has 
 many advantages for an extensive in- 
 land trade. Some cotton and worsted 
 manufactures are carried on, and 
 much business is done in the sale of 
 agricultural produce. Here are also 
 an extensive brewery, malthouse, and 
 oil-mill ; a large weekly market, and 
 six annual fairs. Quarter-sessions 
 are held twice a-year, and petty ses- 
 sions weekly. The Market- House is 
 a respectable edifice, and the Court- 
 House and Bridewell were erected 
 since 1838. The parish church is a 
 handsome building, and the town has 
 a large Roman Catholic chapel, a con- 
 vent of the Order of St Patrick, the 
 monk of which superintend a classi- 
 cal scaool, and a Bridgetine Nunnery, 
 to which two schools are attached, one 
 for the education of children of the 
 higher order, and the other for the 
 poor. In the town is a large school- 
 house erected by Sir C. H. Coote, 
 Bart., and in the entire parish the 
 number of schools in 1835 was 19. 
 Here is also a Dispensary. The town 
 659 
 
 was begun in the seventeenth century 
 by Sir C. Coote, who obtained a grant 
 for two fairs and two markets in 1628, 
 and established a linen and fustian 
 manufactory. Ballyfinn House, the 
 seat of the proprietor of the town 
 (Coote, Bart.), i9 a splendid mansion 
 in a most beautiful and finely wooded 
 demesne adjoining Mountrath. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2593. 
 
 MOUNT- SHANNON, a village in 
 the parish of Iniscaltra, county of 
 Galway, on the Lough Derg expan- 
 sion of the Shannon, eight Irish miles 
 from Woodfort, and four miles from 
 Scariff, in Clare county. 
 
 MOUNT-TALBOT, a village in the 
 parish of Tessaragh, county of Ros- 
 common, on the Suck river. Fairs 
 are held here in May, June, Novem- 
 ber, and December. The fine old 
 seat of Mount- Talbot, the improved 
 residence of Rookwood, and the ex- 
 tensive demesne of Castle-Kelly, are 
 in the vicinity, a few miles from the 
 village of Ballinamore. 
 
 MOUNT-TEMPLE, a village in 
 the parish of Ballyloughloe, county 
 of ’Westmeath, four miles from the 
 post-town of Moate. 
 
 MOURNE, a Barony of the county 
 of Down, containing the town of Kil- 
 keel. The Mourne Mountains, the 
 highest of which are Slieve-Donard, 
 2796 feet, Slieve-Bingian, 2449 feet, and 
 the Eagle Mountain, 2084 feet, occupy 
 the southern portion of the county 
 from Carlingford Lough to Dundrum 
 Bay, and cover a surface eleven miles 
 in length by eight miles at the greatest 
 breadth, which is between Hilltown 
 and Kilkeel. Mourne Park, the seat 
 of the Earl of Kilmorey, is six miles 
 from Rosstrevor, on the road to Kil- 
 keel. 
 
 MOURNE (LOUGH), a small lone- 
 ly lake at the eastern end of the Gap 
 of Barnsmore, county of Donegal, 
 which discharges itself into the Finn 
 at Ballybofey, by a stream called the 
 Mourne-beg. 
 
 MOURNE, a name applied to the 
 Strule river, a little below the con- 
 fluence of the Derg, in the county of 
 
MOY 
 
 MOY THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Tyrone, after receiving the Dinglas 
 stream. 
 
 MOVIDDY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of East Mus- 
 kerry, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 on the Bride river. Population in 
 1831,2718. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 MOVILLE (LOWER), a parish, 
 rectory and corps of a prebend, in the 
 Barony of Inishowen, county of Done- 
 gal, and Diocese of Derry, on Lough 
 S willy. The little town of Moville, 
 upwards of six miles from Carrow- 
 keel, and four miles from Inishowen 
 Head, is clean and regularly built, 
 and contains a small inn, and good ac- 
 commodation for lodgers. This town 
 has many inducements and advan- 
 tages to make it a summer sea-bath- 
 ing resort, by the facility of steam 
 communication with Londonderry, 
 and the strength and efficacy of the 
 sea in Lough Foyle, while the breadth 
 of that inlet, its interesting shores, 
 and the extent and elevation of the 
 surrounding mountains, render the 
 district very picturesque. The town 
 is sheltered from the westerly gales 
 by the mountains of Squire’s Cairn 
 and Craignamaddy, 1050 feet high. 
 Moville contains the parish church, 
 a Presbyterian meeting-house, and 
 other places of worship. Weekly 
 markets are held, and stated fairs 
 throughout the year Population in 
 1831, 5785. 
 
 MOVILLE (UPPER), a parish and 
 rectory in the same Barony, county, 
 and Diocese with Lower Moville, at the 
 sea entrance into Lough Foyle. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 4902. 
 
 MO WNY, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Slievear- 
 dagh, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, forming part of the 
 corps of the Archdeaconry. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 400. Post-town, Kil- 
 lenaule. 
 
 MOY, a river which rises in the 
 Ox Mountains, issuing from the de- 
 tached hill of Knocknashee near the 
 village of Banada, county of Sligo, 
 forming the western boundary of that 
 county, and separating it from Mayo. 
 
 660 
 
 It traverses the valley of its name, 
 and blends with Lough Conn, whence 
 it issues increased in size, and enters 
 the sea in Kill&la Bay, passing the 
 town of Ballina, to which it is navi- 
 gable, six miles from its mouth, for 
 vessels drawing ten feet water. The 
 Moy receives numerous tributaries 
 in its course, and is one of the prin- 
 cipal of the Irish rivers. It is said to 
 be the principal salmon stream, though 
 Sir Humphry Davy in his Salmonia 
 gives the preference to the Erne at 
 Ballysliaunon, as now the first river 
 for 6almon-fishing from the banks 
 with a rod in the British Dominions. 
 “ The Moy at Ballina,” he says, “ is 
 likewise an admirable salmon river, 
 and sport, I believe, may almost al- 
 ways be secured there in every state 
 of the w’ater, but the best fishing can 
 only be commanded by a boat. I 
 have taken in the Erne two or three 
 large salmon in the morning, and in 
 the Moy three or four grilses, or, as 
 they are called in Ireland, grauls, and 
 this was in a very bad season for sal- 
 mon-fishing.” 
 
 MOY, a town in the parisn of Clon- 
 feakle, county of Tyrone, separated by 
 the Blackwater from Charlemont in 
 the county of Armagh. They may 
 both be considered as one town, but 
 Moy is the larger and more import- 
 ant, carrying on some trade in grain, 
 coals, timber, slates, and retail articles. 
 Here are large bleach-greens and a 
 considerable manufacture of linen. 
 The Blackwater is navigable for 
 barges down to Lough Neagh, and 
 the Ulster Canal joins that river near 
 the town. Fairs are held on the first 
 Friday of every month. See Ch able- 
 
 MONT. 
 
 MOYACOMB, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Shillelagh, county of 
 Wicklow', and Diocese of Ferns, ex- 
 tending into the Barony of Scare- 
 walsh, county of Wexford, and into 
 that of St Mullin’ s, county of Carlow, 
 on the Derry river. It contains the 
 villages of Clonegal and Johnstown. 
 Population in 1831, 4877. 
 
 MOYAGHER, a parish and rectory 
 
MOY OF IRELAND. MOY 
 
 in the Barony of Lune, county and 
 Diocese of Meath, in the Union of 
 Athboy. Post-town, Athboy. 
 
 MOYALIFFE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kilne- 
 managh, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Population in 
 1831, 2928. Post-town, Thurles. 
 
 MOY ALL A, a stream about a mile 
 from the town of Bantry, county of 
 Cork, which falls into Bantry Bay from 
 a height of 20 feet, at the cascade and 
 picturesque cove of Dunemarc. See 
 Bantry. 
 
 MOYALLON, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Tullylish, county of Down, 
 one mile from Gilford, near the Bann, 
 on which are extensive bleach-greens. 
 It is said to have originated with a 
 settlement of Quakers about 1698, and 
 is in a finely cultivated and beautiful 
 district. Here are a Quaker and 
 Methodist meeting-house, and Moy- 
 allon House, the villa of Moyallon, and 
 other residences, are in the vicinity. 
 
 MOYBOLOGUE. See Bailiebo- 
 rough. 
 
 MOYCARKEY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Elio- 
 garty, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, forming part of the 
 corps of the Chancellorship. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1373. Post-town, Thurles. 
 
 MOYCULLEN, a Barony, parish, 
 and rectory, in the county of Galway, 
 and Diocese of Tuam. Population in 
 1831, 5965. Post-town, Galway. 
 
 MOYDOE, or Moydow, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of its name, county of Longford, and 
 Diocese of Ardagh. The village of 
 Mnydoe is six miles from Longford. 
 Population in 1831, 1750. 
 
 MOYFERTA, a parish and vicar- 
 age, with a village of its name, in the 
 Barony so called, county of Clare, and 
 Diocese of Killaloe, at the mouth of 
 the Shannon. Population in 1831, 
 7441. Post-town, Kilrush. 
 
 MOYGLARE, or Moyclare, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Upper Deece, county and Dio- 
 cese of Meath. Post-town, Kilcock. 
 
 MO YH ANN A, or Mo y anna, a pa- 
 661 
 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Stradbally, Queen's County, 
 and Diocese of Leighlin, in the vi- 
 cinity of the town of Stradbally. 
 
 MOYLAGH, a parish and perpe- 
 tual curacy in the Barony of Castle- 
 raghan, county of Cavan, and Diocese 
 of Kilmore. The village of Moylagh, 
 or Mullagh, is six miles from Kells. 
 Quilca House, in which Dean Swift 
 wrote “ Gulliver's Travels” and the 
 “ Tale of a Tub," was the residence of 
 Mr T. Sheridan, father of the celebrat- 
 ed R. B. Sheridan. Post-town, Kells. 
 
 MOYLAGH, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Demifore, county and 
 Diocese of Meath, on the Inny river. 
 Population in 1831, 2401. Post-town, 
 Oldcastle. 
 
 MOY L A G H, a parochial district and 
 village in the United Baronies of Iffa 
 and Offa, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Lismore, on the Suir. Post- 
 town, Clonmel. 
 
 MOYLARY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ferrard, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. Population in 1831, 1183. 
 Post-town, Dunleer. 
 
 MOYLE, a small village and castle 
 near Newtown-Stewart, county of Ty- 
 rone. 
 
 MO YLISKER, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Fartullagh, county 
 of Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath, 
 on the eastern shore of Lough Innel. 
 Here is Belvidere, the seat of the 
 Earl of Lanesborough, and adjoin- 
 ing is the fine residence of Rochfort 
 House. Population in 1831, 255. Post- 
 town, Mullingar. 
 
 MOYLOUGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Tyaquin 
 and Killian, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Tuam. The village of 
 Moylough is in the vicinity of Castle- 
 Blakeney,near the demesne of Mount- 
 Bellew, eight miles from Ballinamore. 
 
 MOYMART FOREST, one of the 
 most extensive remnants of natural 
 wood in the South of Ireland, is about 
 four miles from Enriiscorthy, county 
 of Wexford, in the centre of which is 
 the residence of Killoughram House. 
 
 3 K 
 
MOY 
 
 MOYMETj a parish and rectory in j 
 the Barony of Upper Navan, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Population in 
 1831,634. Post-town, Trim. 
 
 MOYNALTY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Lower Kells, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. The pic- 
 turesque village of Moynalty is about 
 four miles from Kells, on the road to 
 Bailieborough, pleasantly situated on 
 the Owenroe tributary of the Black- 
 water. It consists of neat cottages, 
 parish church, and Roman Catholic 
 chapel, surrounded by the plantations 
 of John Farrell, Esq., the proprietor, 
 whose agreeable residence is at the 
 upper end of the village. In the vi- 
 cinity are the villas of Westland, Don- 
 ore, Walterstown, and Petersville, and 
 the surrounding district is fertile and 
 well cultivated. A weekly market is 
 held at Moynalty for the sale of wheat, 
 barley, and oats, the first on Thursday 
 the 30th cf September 1841, and con- 
 sequently the market-day is Thurs- 
 day. Population of village in 1831, 
 220 ; of parish, 5918. 
 
 MOYNE, a village in the parish of 
 Ballisakeery, county of Mayo, on the 
 estuary of the Moy, about a mile from 
 Killala. Here are the extensive ruins 
 of Moyne Abbey, founded in the fif- 
 teenth century for Franciscans of the 
 strict order. The cloisters are of 
 exquisite workmanship, and, with the 
 walls of the church, still remain en- 
 tire ; but the tower, which is of easy 
 ascent, and commands a fine view, is 
 roofless. This Abbey stands in a very 
 beautiful and sequestered pastoral dis- 
 trict on the banks of Killala Bay, 
 watered by a streamlet which disap- 
 pears under the limestone, and rises 
 again near the convent. 
 
 MOYNE, a small tributary to Thur- 
 loughmore lake, within two miles of 
 Tuam, county of Galway. It issues 
 from the lake, and enters Lough Cor- 
 rib near the ruins of Ross Abbey. 
 This stream is noted for its subter- 
 raneous course. 
 
 MOYNE, Mayne, or Mathin, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Eliogarty, county of Tipper- 
 662 
 
 MUC 
 
 j ary, and Diocese of Cashel. The vil- 
 lage of Moyne, or Temple-Moyne, is 
 five miles from Thurles. Population 
 in 1831, 224. 
 
 MOYNOE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Tullagh, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe, on the Shannon. Population 
 in 1831, 1268. Post-town, Killaloe. 
 
 MOYRUS. See Moirus. 
 
 MOY VILLA, a stream near Clara 
 Bridge, county of Galway, which en- 
 ters an upper arm of Galway Bay. 
 
 MOYVORE, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Rathconrath, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese 
 of Meath. The miserable village 
 of Moyvore is ten Irish miles from 
 Mullingar, on the road to Ballyma- 
 hon. Fairs are held in May, August, 
 and December. Population in 1831, 
 765. 
 
 MUCKAMORE, a parochial grange 
 in the Lower Half Barony of Massa- 
 reene, county of Antrim, and Diocese 
 of Connor. Here are the residences 
 of Muckamore Abbey, Summerhill, 
 and others, about three miles from 
 Antrim, on the Belfast road. 
 
 MUCKISH, a mountain in the coun- 
 ty of Donegal, 2190 feet high, in the 
 vicinity of the Arrigal Mountain, of 
 steep and difficult access to the sum- 
 mit. The wild, dreary, and solitary 
 Glen of Muckish, through which the 
 road is carried, displays magnificent 
 mountain scenery. 
 
 MUCKNOE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Cremorne, 
 county of Monaghan, and Diocese of 
 Clogher, in the vicinity of Castle- 
 Blaney. Population in 1831, 97l7. 
 See Castle-Blaney. 
 
 MUCROSS, or Muckrtjss, a part 
 of the demesne comprising the pen- 
 insula which separates the Lower 
 and Middle Lakes of Killarney, county 
 of Kerry, containing the Abbey of 
 Mucross, founded in 1340. The ham- 
 let of Mucross is about two miles 
 from the town of Killarney, and a 
 little beyond the peninsula are the 
 hamlet and inn of Clohereen. The 
 ruins of Mucross Abbey are neither 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
MUF 
 
 MUC OF IRELAND. 
 
 extensive nor of any pretensions to 
 architecture, nevertheless the beauti- 
 ful situation, seclusion, surrounding 
 trees, and the scenery in general, 
 render these finely preserved relics 
 most interesting. The buildings 
 comprise the convent and church. 
 The latter is divided into the choir, 
 nave, and south transept, at the in- 
 tersection of which rises a square 
 massive tower, of very inconsiderable 
 height. The old bell of this tower was 
 found in the Lake of Killarney on the 
 20th of January 1750 — “ the circum- 
 ference whereof,” says the Cork Re- 
 membrancer of the time, “ is as big as 
 a table that will hold eight people to 
 dinner; the clapper was quite eaten 
 away with rust, it had been so long 
 under water, and they are now mak- 
 ing a steeple for it at Killarney.” The 
 length of the church is 100 feet ; the 
 breadth 24 feet; length of the tran- 
 sept 36 feet; and the entrance is by 
 a rather elegantly decorated door of 
 the pointed style, deeply moulded, 
 surmounted by a weather cornice, 
 aud by the western window. A large 
 pointed arch opens into the transept 
 at the south side, opposite to which 
 is a small door leading into the clois- 
 ters. The choir is a plain oblong 
 compartment, the eastern window 
 consisting of five lights. There are 
 numerous tombs in the other parts of 
 the church, but the choir is particu- 
 larly crowded, and a large modern 
 altar one occupies the centre, cover- 
 ing the vault in which the MacCarthy 
 Mores and the O’Donoghues of the 
 Glens were interred. In the walls 
 are also some altar tombs. On the 
 J south side of the choir is a small chan- 
 try or oratory, entered by a rather 
 elegant arched door-way. The clois- 
 ter, a quadrangle of moderate sise, ad- 
 joins the north side of the church, 
 and round its area, entered by several 
 doors, are the habitable portions of 
 the Abbey, such as the dormitories, 
 i kitchen, refectories, cellars, infirm- 
 ary, and other offices, the walls in 
 good preser vation,the basement cham- 
 bers, generally arched, but the upper 
 
 apartments roofless and grass-grown. 
 The cloister consists of an arcade of 22 
 arches, ten semicircular and twelve 
 pointed, and the ambulatory, a vault- 
 ed gallery, running round the whole. 
 A parapeted walk is carried above the 
 arches, which commands some pictur- 
 esque views of the Lake. In the centre 
 of the area is a splendid old yew tree, 
 the trunk ten feet in circumference, 
 which throws its fantastic branches 
 round the broken parapets, and is re- 
 garded with peculiar veneration by 
 the peasantry. The demesne of Mu- 
 cross is one of the most romantic lo- 
 calities in Ireland, varied by open 
 lawns, and dark clustering groves, di- 
 versified by glimpses of the Lake on 
 both sides. The grounds are covered 
 with the finest timber, and the little 
 headland of Dindag is deservedly ad- 
 mired. On the south side is a valu- 
 able marble quarry. Iron and copper 
 ore have been discovered, and a mine 
 of the latter was opened, and wrought 
 for several years, but the vein is now 
 exhausted. The modern mansion of 
 Mucross Abbey is an elegant resi- 
 dence, beautifully situated near the 
 site of the old house now removed. 
 
 MUCKULLY, or Mackalee, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Fassadining, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory, on the Dining 
 river. Post-town, Castlecomer. 
 
 MUFF, a village in the county of 
 Cavan, about a mile and a half from 
 Kingscourt, on the road to Bailie- 
 borough, near the base of Loughan- 
 lee Hill. In the vicinity are the ruins 
 of a castle, and the residence of Heath 
 Lodge. A fair is held on the 12th of 
 August. 
 
 MUFF, a village in the parish of 
 Templemore, county of Donegal, at 
 the head of Lough Foyle, four and a 
 half Irish miles from Londonderry, 
 on the road to Carrowkeel, Carn, and 
 Main Head. Adjoining is the resi- 
 dence of Kilderry. Fairs are held on 
 the 4th of May, 5th of August, 25th 
 of October, and 11th of December. 
 
 MUFF, a village in the parish of 
 Faughanvale, county of Londonderry, 
 
MUL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 MUL 
 
 six miles from Newtown-Limavady, on 
 the road to Londonderry. Near it 
 are Grocer’s Hall, the Agricultural 
 School of Templemoyle, the residence 
 of Coolafinny, and several villas. Fairs 
 are held on the first Thursday of Feb- 
 ruary, May, August, and November. 
 
 MUILREA, a mountain in the dis- 
 trict of Morisk, county of Mayo, 2680 
 feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 MUKISK, a mountain in the county 
 of Kerry, in the direction of the Caha 
 and Glengariff Mountains. 
 
 MULCAIR, a small tributary of the 
 Shannon, in the county of Limerick, 
 which enters that river between the 
 city of Limerick and Castle- Connell, 
 under the ruins of Castle-Troy. The 
 Mulcair issues from the Keeper Moun- 
 tains, and passes the town of Newport 
 in Tipperary. 
 
 MULLACHMORE, a small village 
 and harbour in the neighbourhood of 
 Cliffoney, county of Sligo, erected by 
 Lord Viscount Palmerston. 
 
 MULLACREW, a village and well 
 known fair place, about a mile north 
 of Tallanstown, in the immediate vici- 
 nity of the now insignificant village of 
 Louth, county of Louth. 
 
 MULLAGH. See Moylagh. 
 
 MULLAGHBRACK, an extensive 
 and populous parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, forming the corps of a pre- 
 bend, in the Baronies of Fewes, 
 O’Neilland West, and Lower Orior, 
 county and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 The inhabitants are chiefly engaged 
 in the linen manufacture. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 16,099. Post-town, Mar- 
 kethill. 
 
 MULLAGHCARN, a mountain 
 1778 feet high, about four miles north- 
 east of Omagh, county of Tyrone, 
 which is the commencement of the 
 mountainous and moorland district, 
 stretching on the east towards Lough 
 Neagh, on the north to Lough Foyle, 
 and on the west to the high lands of 
 Donegal. Several of the streams 
 which flow down its western sides fall 
 into the Cammin river, above Omagh, 
 and form the Strule. See Omagh. 
 
 MULLAGHVILLY, a parish and 
 664 
 
 perpetual curacy, in the Barony of 
 Orior, county and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh. Post-town, Tanderagee. 
 
 MULLAHIDDART, a parish, rec- 
 tory and corps of a prebend, in the 
 Barony of Castleknock, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. Population 
 in 1831, 478. 
 
 MULLANGORE WOODS, exten- 
 sive natural woods on the banks of 
 Lough Veagh, county of Donegal. 
 
 MULLET, a remote peninsula of 
 the county of Mayo, connected with 
 the mainland by the narrow isthmus, 
 on which is the town of Belmullet. 
 On the north side of this neck of 
 land is Broadhaven Bay, and on the 
 south side is Blacksod Bay. It is 
 considerably indented, and off the 
 coast are several small islands. The 
 Mullet constitutes the parish of Kil- 
 more, and is ten Irish miles in length, 
 by two miles average breadth, contain- 
 ing 18,000 Irish acres, of which 2800 
 are sandy plains, and the remainder 
 either arable or improvable hill and 
 bog land. Few of the farms are di- 
 vided, the roads are bad, and the dwell- 
 ings of the inhabitants are wretched. 
 Binghamstown, the largest village in 
 the district, is little better than an as. 
 6emblage of miserable huts. From 
 Surgeview northward to Tarmon- 
 Carra the shore is sandy, and during 
 storms the sand is drifted over the in- 
 land district, sometimes rising in 
 clouds to the height of 50 and 60 feet. 
 The shores are bold and rocky from 
 Tarmon-Carra, north by Erris Head 
 to Blind Harbour, and in this direc- 
 tion is Eagle Island, on which is 
 a Light-house. See Belmullet and 
 
 BlNGHAMSTOWy. 
 
 MULLINACUFF, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Shillelagh, county of Wicklow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. Population in 
 1831, 2144. Post-town, Tinehelv. 
 
 MULLIN A HONE, a village in the 
 parish of Kilvemnon, county of Tip- 
 perary, at which fairs are held in May, 
 July, September, and December. 
 
 MULLINA VAT, a village in the 
 parish of Knocktopher, county of Kil- 
 
MUL 
 
 MUN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 kenny, on the road from Thomastown 
 to Waterford. 
 
 MULLINGAR, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Fartullagh, 
 Moyashel, and Magheradernan, coun- 
 ty of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Mullingar, the assize and 
 county town, is 39 Irish miles from 
 Dublin, by Maynooth and Clonard ; 
 nine miles from Kinnegad, in the 
 centre of the county ; and about mid- 
 way between Loughs Ennel and 
 Owhel, two miles distant from each of 
 these well known lakes. This town 
 was founded by the English settlers of 
 Meath. In 1227 a Priory was erected 
 for Canons Regular of St Augustine, 
 and in 1237 a Dominican Friary, but 
 the Franciscan Monastery was never 
 completed. Considerable remains of 
 those edifices are still to be seen. In 
 the war of the Revolution the town was 
 fortified by General Ginckel, and was 
 the head- quarters of his troops before 
 the siege of Athlone. Mullingar is 
 surrounded on three sides by the 
 Royal Canal, which gives it the bene- 
 fit of water carriage. The bouses in 
 the town are chiefly of stone. The 
 public buildin gs ar e th e spaciou s parish 
 church, surmounted by a handsome 
 tower and spire, an elegant Roman 
 Catholic chapel, the County Court 
 House, a neat and commodious Mar- 
 ket House in the centre of the town, 
 the new County Tail, an old prison 
 used for females, the County Infirm- 
 ary, Hospital, and Poor Law Union 
 Work-house. Mullingar is an import- 
 ant military station, and the large In- 
 fantry Barracks, a short distance from 
 the town, can accommodate 1000 men. 
 The assizes for the county, and petty 
 sessions for the district, are held 
 here. The market day is Thursday, 
 when considerable business is done in 
 grain, butter, provisions, and farm 
 produce; and fairs are held on the 6th 
 of April, 4th of July, 29th of August, 
 and lithof November. These fairs 
 are for horses and cattle, and are only 
 inferior to those of Ballinasloe. Po. 
 
 ! pulation in 1831, 4295; of the parish, 
 i 8845. 
 
 665 
 
 MULLIN’S (ST), a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of its 
 name, county of Carlow, and in theBa- 
 ronyof Bantry, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin, on the Barrow. 
 The village of St Mullin’s is roman- 
 tically situated about four miles from 
 Graig, and fairs are held on the 17th 
 of June, 8th of September, and 1st of 
 November. Population in 1831, 5895. 
 
 MULLOCHMEEN and MULLOCH- 
 MORE, two hills which stretch to- 
 wards the shores of Lough Sheelin, 
 county of Cavan. 
 
 MULLYASH, a mountain on the 
 confines of Monaghan and Armagh 
 counties, which rises to the height of 
 1035 feet. 
 
 MULRANCON, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bargie, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831, 996. Post- 
 town, Broadway. 
 
 MULTIFARNHAM, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Corkaree, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. The village of Multifarnliam 
 is nine English miles from Mullingar, 
 near the shores of Lough Derever- 
 agh, and two miles from the Hospital 
 founded under the will of Mr Andrew 
 Wilson for Protestant orphans and old 
 men. The ruins of the once beautiful 
 Abbey of Multifarnham, founded in 
 1261, for Conventual Franciscans, are 
 in the boggy plain on the shores of the 
 lower part of Lough Dereveragh. Ac- 
 cording to Sir Henry Piers the Re- 
 bellion of 1641 was concocted in this 
 Abbey. The Abbey was dilapidated 
 about the beginning of the eighteenth j 
 century, and the appearance of the 
 ruins is much injured by a part of 
 them being roofed, and used as a Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel, for som'e Fran- 
 ciscan Friars. Adjoining the Abbey 
 lands is the beautiful Grecian man- 
 sion of Donore (Nugent, Bart.), in a 
 romantic demesne. Population in 
 1831, 1473. Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 MUNAVOULAGH MOT NTAINS, 
 also called the Cummerngli Moun- 
 tains, extend from Kilmacthomas to 
 Dungarvan. See Cummeragh. 
 
MUR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 MYS 
 
 MUNGRET, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Pubble- 
 brien, and county of the city and Dio- 
 cese of Limerick. Here are the in- 
 significant ruins of an ancient Abbey. 
 Population in 1831, 475* Post-town, 
 Limerick. 
 
 MXJNHIN, a stream of the county 
 of Mayo, which joins theOwenmore 
 river, before its reaching Tulloghawn 
 Bay. 
 
 MUNSTER, the most southern of 
 the four Provinces of Ireland, com- 
 prising the counties of Clare, Cork, 
 Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, and Wa- 
 terford. It is bounded on the west, 
 south, and south-east, by the Atlantic 
 Ocean. The greatest length from the 
 banks of the Shannon below Banagher 
 to Mizen. Head is 144 miles ; and the 
 greatest breadth, at right angles, to 
 the length, from Black Head in Galway 
 Bay to the mouth of Waterford Har- 
 bour, is 115 miles, having an area of 
 8141 square miles, or 5,210,472 statute 
 acres. For ecclesiastical purposes 
 Munster is nearly co-extensive with 
 the Ar chi episcopal Province of Cashel, 
 now united to Dublin, and contains 
 the Dioceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe, 
 Cashel, Cork, Cloyne, Emly, Kilfen- 
 ora, Killaloe, Limerick, Lismore, and 
 Waterford. Munster gives the title 
 of Earl, in the Peerage of Great Bri- 
 tain, to the eldest son of William IV. 
 by Mrs Jordan, the celebrated actress, 
 who takes the surname of Fitzclarence, 
 created first Earl in 1831 ; and the Peer- 
 age, in remainder to his brothers in 
 the order of primogeniture, in default 
 of his own male issue. 
 
 MUNSTER- CONNAUGHT, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Castleraghan, county of Cavan, 
 and Diocese of Kilmore. Population 
 in 1831, 2969. Post-town, Oldcastle. 
 
 MUNTERLOWNEY, a mountain 
 range in the direction of Newtown- 
 Stewart, county of Tyrone. 
 
 MURHIR, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Iraghticonner, county 
 of Kerry, and annexed Diocese of Ard- 
 fert and Aghadoe. Population in 
 1831, 2978. Post-town, Tarbert. 
 
 636 I 
 
 MURRAGH, or Moragh, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Kinalmeaky, county and Dio- 
 cese of Cork. Population in 1831, 
 2978. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 MURROE, a village three miles from 
 Newport, in the county of Tipperary, 
 adjoining Capercullen, formerly a seat 
 of the Lords Carbery, the only me- 
 morial of which now remaining is the 
 splendid deer park. Adjoining are 
 the mansion and romantic glen of Bel- 
 videre. 
 
 MURROGHKELLY, a village in the 
 parish of Glaninagh, county of Clare. 
 
 MURROGHT WOH Y, a village in 
 the parish of Glaninagh, county of 
 Clare. 
 
 MURROUGH, a flat sandy tract, 
 partly insulated by the Leitrim river 
 and the sea, near the town of Wick- 
 low. See Wicklow. 
 
 MUSKERRY (East and West), 
 two Baronies of the county of Cork, 
 which conjunctly give the title of Ba- 
 ron, in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 Noble Family of Deane, who settled 
 near Dromore, in the county of Cork, 
 and acquired considerable estates. 
 Sir Robert Tilson Deane, Bart., was 
 created Lord Muskerry in 1781. 
 
 MUTTON ISLAND, an island in 
 Galway Bay opposite the town of Gal- 
 way, on which is a Light-house. 
 
 M.YLERSTOWN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Carbery, 
 county and Diocese of Kildare. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 874. Post-town, Kin- 
 negad. 
 
 MYNISHMORE, an island, which 
 is a coast-guard station, near the islet 
 of Mynishbeg. 
 
 MYROSS, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of West Car- 
 bery, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Ros3. Population in 1831,3459. Post- 
 town, Rosscarbery. 
 
 MYSHALL, a parish, rectory and j 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Forth, 
 county of Carlow, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin. Near the village of its 
 name are the residences of Myshall 
 Lodge and Clonburrin. Population 
 in 1831, 2874. 
 
NAN OF IRELAND. NAR 
 
 N. 
 
 NAAS, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Baronies of North Naas and South 
 Salt, county and Diocese of Kildare. 
 The market and post town of Naas is 
 about 16 Irish miles from Dublin by 
 Rathcoole, and is a place of consider- 
 able thoroughfare, being the point 
 where the roads to Cork, Limerick, 
 Waterford, and other places, diverge. 
 The town principally consists of one 
 long street, forming a part of the mail 
 road. The spring assizes for the 
 county of Kildare are held at Naas ; 
 and the town contains a Court House 
 and Jail, a Sessions House, and a Mar- 
 ket House ; and an Infantry Barrack 
 in the vicinity. The Moat of Naas is 
 a curious object at the upper end of 
 the town, but the principal antiquity 
 is the old parish church incorporated 
 with the modern one. Here is a Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel. The trade is 
 facilitated by a branch of the Grand 
 Canal, and considerable quantities of 
 provisions are sold at the weekly mar- 
 kets. Naas gives the title of Viscount 
 to the Earl of Mayo. Population in 
 1831, 3808. 
 
 NACHORE HILLS, a range of no 
 great height connected with the pro- 
 montory of Garron Point, and pro- 
 tecting the little sea-port of Glenarm. 
 
 NACUNG (LOUGH), a lake in the 
 county of Donegal, connected with 
 the small lake of Dunlewy, both ex- 
 tending about four miles in length, 
 by half a mile in breadth, and form- 
 ing the source of the Clady. They 
 stretch to the southern base of the 
 lofty Arrigal Mountain, and finely 
 blend with the surrounding scenery. 
 
 NAGLE MOUNTAINS, a range 
 in the county of Cork, not far from 
 Fermoy, the sides of which are beau- 
 tifully wooded. 
 
 NANNY WATER, a stream which 
 runs through the marshes in the east 
 667 
 
 of the county of Meath, and enters 
 the sea between Drogheda and Bal- 
 briggan. Beyond Ballygarth it flows 
 in tortuous windings. 
 
 NANTINAN, a parish, entire rec- 
 tory, and village of its name, in the 
 Barony of Lower Connello, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick, constituting 
 part of the corps of the Precentorship 
 of that Cathedral. Population in 183 1 , 
 2869. Post-town, Rathcale. 
 
 NAPPAH, an inhabited island be- 
 longing to the parish of Kilcummin, 
 county of Galway. 
 
 NARIN, a village consisting of mi- 
 serable cabins, inhabited by fisher- 
 men on the coast of Trawenagh Bay, 
 which receives the Gweebara stream. 
 It is 13 Irish miles from Inver by Ar- 
 dara, and about 38 miles from Stra- 
 bane, by Castlefinn, Stranorlar, Finn- 
 towm, Shalagan Bridge, and Glenties. 
 It has a church and glebe house, 
 and a Methodist chapel is in the vici- 
 nity. On the island of Iniskeel are 
 some monastic ruins. The sea sets 
 in here with great force, and the 
 drifted sands and rocks render the 
 shore peculiarly wild and desolate. 
 
 NARR AGH, a Barony of the county 
 of Kildare, divided into five parishes, 
 and containing the small town of Bal- 
 lytore. This Barony is united to East 
 Rheban. 
 
 NARRAGHMORE, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Naragh and Rheban, and those of Kil- 
 kea andMoone, county of Kildare, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. Population 
 in 1831, 3125. Post-town, Ballytore. 
 
 NARROW-WATER, a village in 
 the parish of Clonallan, county of 
 Down, on the Newry river, above its 
 debouch into Carlingford Bay. A 
 rapid at this place for centuries ob- 
 structed the navigation of the river, 
 and injured the trade at Newry, but 
 
NAY 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 it was completely removed in 1831. 
 This locality is a ferry, and boats re- 
 gularly ply, connecting the roads from 
 Carlingford and Flurry Bridge with 
 those on the other side of the river. 
 The ruins of Narrow-water Castle, 
 erected by the Duke of Ormond after 
 the Restoration, occupy a picturesque 
 situation, and completely command 
 the Pass, contracting the river by 
 the protruding rock. Narrow-water 
 House is a beautiful mansion in the 
 Elizabethan style, in a demesne, the 
 ground of w'hich extends two miles 
 along the banks of the river. This 
 village is five English miles from 
 Newry, and one mile and a half from 
 Warren’s-Point village. 
 
 NASH, a small village in St Mary’s 
 parish, county of Wexford, at which 
 fairs are held on the 24th of June and 
 20th of November. 
 
 NATENENE, a village in the parish 
 of Kilcolman, county of Kerry. 
 
 NATHLASH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the United Baronies 
 of Condons and Clongibbons, on the 
 Funcheon river. Post-town, Mit- 
 chelstown. 
 
 NAUL, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Balrothery, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. The little 
 village of Naul is near the town of Bal- 
 briggan, on a stream which forms the 
 county boundary from Garristown 
 Bog to the sea. It contains the pa- 
 rish church and a Roman Catholic 
 chapel. The Glen of Naul is a rocky 
 defile, watered by a rivulet which 
 forms a beautiful cascade, called the 
 Roches. In the limestone rocks are 
 numerous dark caverns, and the sur- 
 rounding scenery is very romantic. 
 Coal abounds in this quarter. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 758. 
 
 at the confluence of the Boyne and 
 Blackwater, both of which are here 
 crossed by bridges, in the centre of 
 the county of Meath, and surrounded 
 by rich fertile lands. The canal 
 termed the Boyne Navigation passes 
 in the vicinity, and it is the point 
 from which the railway from Dublin 
 to Enniskillen and Armagh branches. 
 The town consists of three main 
 streets, which are kept in repair by 
 the county, and several diverging 
 lanes. The houses in the principal 
 streets are very irregularly built; 
 those in the lanes are very poor ha- 
 bitations ; and those in the suburbs 
 are most wretched hovels. The pub- 
 lic buildings are the elegant parish 
 church, spacious Roman Catholic 
 chapel of Grecian architecture, a 
 Court House, County Infirmary, Fe- 
 ver Hospital, Bridewell, Tholsel or 
 Town Hall, and a Military Barrack. 
 The School of Navan was founded in 
 1686 by Alderman John Preston, who 
 bequeathed the estate of Cappalough- 
 lin in the Queen’s County, for the 
 maintenance of it and the school of 
 Ballyroan. This estate comprises 
 790 acres, and produces an annual in- 
 come of L.1200. The salary of the j 
 master is L.100 per annum, and the 
 appointment is vested in the repre- I 
 sentatives of the founder. There are 
 several other schools, and a Roman 
 Catholic seminary for young men de- 
 signed for the priesthood, or for either 
 of the learned professions. The mar- 
 ket days are Wednesday and Saturday; 
 and as Navan is in the centre of a great 
 corn district, large quantities of grain 
 and other agricultural produce are 
 sold at these markets and at the four 1 
 annual fairs. Much business is also 
 done in the manufacture of flour. 
 Here are large flour mills, several flax 
 spinning-mills, a distillery, brewery, 
 paper and frieze manufactories, and 
 premises for the weaving of sacking. 1 
 The greater part of the grain and 
 other provisions is sent along the 
 Boyne Navigation to Drogheda. 1 his 
 town sent two Members to the Irish 
 Parliament from the time of Elizabeth 
 
 NAVAN, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Lower Navan, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. The town of 
 Navan, the first borough established 
 by the English in this quarter, is 22 
 Irish miles from Dublin by Clonee, 
 Blackbull, and Dunshaughlin ; and 
 nine miles from Kells, on one of the 
 routes to Enniskillen. It is situated 
 668 
 
NEA 
 
 NEN 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 to the Union. It received various 
 privileges from Edward IV., Henry 
 VII., and James I. ; and the Corpora- 
 tion consists of a Portreeve, who acts 
 as a Justice of Peace for the borough, 
 and twelve Burgesses, with a Town- 
 Clerk and other officers. By the Mu- 
 nicipal Bill the Corporation is styled 
 the Portreeve, Burgesses, and Free- 
 men of the Borough or Town of Na- 
 van. Adjoining the town are the re- 
 sidences of Black castle, Greenmount, 
 Athumley, near the latter of which are 
 the ruins of a castle, and several villas. 
 The round tower, and ruined church of 
 Donahgmore, are two miles from Na- 
 van on the road to Slane. On the west 
 side of the town is a large high Danish 
 fort. Population in 1831, 4416. 
 
 NEAGH (LOUGH), the largest 
 lake in the British Islands, is respec- 
 tively connected with the counties of 
 Antrim, Down, Armagh, Tyrone, and 
 Londonderry, by all of which it is 
 surrounded. It is 20 English miles 
 in length from north to south, 12 miles 
 broad from east to west, and about 
 80 miles in circumference. Accord- 
 ing to the Ordnance Survey, the lake 
 contains 98,255$ statute acres, and is 
 48 feet above the level of the sea at 
 low-water. Its principal feeders are 
 the Upper Bann, the Blackwater, 
 with their numerous tributaries the 
 Maine, Six-Mile-Water, Ballinderry, 
 Crumlin, Glenavy, and Mayowla ; but 
 the only discharging river is the 
 Lower Bann (see Bann). Ram's Island 
 is the largest island in Lough Neagh, 
 though containing only seven sta- 
 tute acres (see Glenavy). On the 
 shores are several small bays, such as 
 Antrim Bay, forming the north-east- 
 ern angle, Sandy Bay and Bartiu’s 
 Bay on the east side, and Washing 
 Bay on the south-western angle. The 
 promontories or juttings are Ard- 
 more and Lignabeg Points on the east 
 side, Mulloch Point on the west side, 
 and Ranskin Point on Washing Bay. 
 The shores are low and flat, in some 
 parts marshy, liable to floods, and 
 without any picturesque scenery or 
 beauty. The lake is navigated by 
 660 
 
 small vessels, and communicates with 
 Lisburn and Belfast, and also with 
 Newry, by Canals. A steam-boat 
 tows vessels across. 
 
 NEALE, a hamlet in the parish of 
 Ballincalla, county of Mayo, near the 
 village of Kilmaine, at which are the 
 seats of The Neale (Lord Kilmaine) 
 and of Ellistrom. 
 
 NEDDAN, or Neddins, a parish, 
 impropriate rectory and vicarage, in 
 the Baronies of Iffa and OfFa, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Lismore, 
 on the Suir. Population in 1831, 616. 
 Post-town, Clonmel. 
 
 NENAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Upper 
 and Lower Ormond, county of Tip- 
 perary. The market-town of Nenagh 
 is situated on the Nenagh river, a 
 short distance south of its debouch 
 into the Lough Derg expansion of the 
 Shannon, 75 Irish miles from Dublin, 
 and about 20 Irish miles from Lime- 
 rick. The principal streets are well 
 built and regularly laid out, and the 
 public buildings are the parish church, 
 Roman Catholic chapel, Town-House, 
 and other edifices and institutions 
 peculiar to a provincial town, and a 
 large Infantry Barrack. It possesses 
 some trade in brewing, tanning, and 
 agricultural produce, and a Branch 
 of the National Bank of Ireland. The 
 town is situated in the centre of a 
 populous and well cultivated district 
 of Tipperary, and many of the sur- 
 rounding gentry are resident. In 
 1200 an Hospital was founded here 
 for Augustinian Canons, who were 
 obliged at all times to admit the sick 
 and the infirm. It was called St John’s 
 House, and would not be often with- 
 out a goodly squad of inmates, as it 
 was the rule that each sick person 
 should have a daily allowance of a 
 good loaf, a plentiful libation of ale 
 from the cellar, and a dish of meat from 
 the kitchen. Theobald Walter, the 
 first Butler of Ireland, granted large 
 possessions to this Hospital. The 
 ruins of a rich Franciscan Convent, 
 founded either by the Butlers or the 
 O'Kennedys, are still standing, in 
 
RE W 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 NEW 
 
 which a Provincial Chapter of the 
 Order was held in 1344. The Castle 
 of Nenagh, or Nenagh Round, is sup- 
 posed to be of Danish origin. In the 
 war of 1641 it was seized by the Irish 
 under Owen Roe O’Neill, from whom 
 it was taken by Lord Inchiquin. When 
 Ireton was on his march to the siege 
 of Limerick, he battered this Castle 
 from the high ground on the east, 
 caused the garrison to surrender, and 
 according to local tradition he ordered 
 the governor to be hanged from the 
 highest window of the Keep. The 
 Castle, though greatly dismantled, 
 was occupied as one of the Duke of 
 Ormond’s Castles till 1688, when it 
 fell into the hands of Anthony Carrol, 
 a most enterprising partizan of that 
 time, when Ireland was kept in a fer- 
 ment by the Protestant Enniskilleners 
 and the Roman Catholic Rapparees. 
 Since that period it has been much 
 dilapidated by the townsmen. Nu- 
 merous villas surround Nenagh, and 
 it has some advantages from its vi- 
 cinity to the Shannon navigation. In 
 1841 one weekly newspaper was pub- 
 lished in the town, entitled th eNenagh 
 Guardian. Population in 1831, 8466 ; 
 of the parish, 9159. 
 
 NEPHIN, a mountain in the county 
 of Mayo, 2369 feet above the level of 
 the sea. A chain of mountains ex- 
 tend from Nephin to Achill Head, 
 from the northern sides of which 
 stretches a dreary waste towards the 
 sea. The half of this district, nearly 
 360 English square miles, or 142,000 
 Irish acres, belong to the wild, deso- 
 late, and remote district of Erris. 
 Glen Nephin separates the Nephin 
 Mountains on the east from those of 
 Bereen Conough on the west. 
 
 NETHERCROSS, a Barony of the 
 county of Dublin, divided into six pa- 
 rishes, and comprising a rich agri- 
 cultural district. 
 
 NEWBAWN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Bantry, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, con- 
 stituting, with the rectory of Adams- 
 town, the corps of the Archdeaconry 
 of Ferns. Post-town, New Ross. 
 
 670 
 
 NE W-BIRMINGHAM, a small vil- 
 lage and post station, in the parish of 
 Kilcooley, county of Tipperary, near 
 extensive coaleries, in the vicinity of 
 the route from Urlingford to Kille- 
 naule and Fethard. 
 
 NEWBLISS, a small and neat town 
 in the parish of Killevan, county of 
 Monaghan, three miles from Drum, 
 on the road from Navan to Clones. 
 It contains a good inn, and the weekly 
 markets are well attended. Fairs are 
 held on the last Saturday of each 
 month. Near the town is the resi- 
 dence of Newbliss House. 
 
 NEWBRIDGE, a village in the 
 parish of Ballyclough, county of Cork, 
 on the Blackwater, eight miles from 
 Mallow. 
 
 NEWBRIDGE, a village in the 
 parish of Great Connell, county of 
 Kildare, upwards of five Irish miles 
 from Naas, and four Irish miles from 
 the town of Kildare. It is on the 
 banks of the Lifiey, and is chiefly re- 
 markable for its large Cavalry Bar- 
 rack. Near it are the residence of 
 Connell, adjoining Great Connell Ab- 
 bey, and the demesne of Rosetown. 
 Upwards of a mile distant are the 
 hamlet and demesne of Moorefield. 
 
 NEWBRIDGE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Rathkeale, county of Limerick, 
 on the Deel river. 
 
 NEWBRTDGE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Castle Macadam, county of 
 Wicklow, on the Avoca river, which 
 is here crossed by an elegant stone 
 bridge, six miles from Rathdrum. 
 
 NE WBUILDINGS, a village within 
 the Liberties of the city of London- 
 derry, from which it is distant five 
 miles, on the Foyle river. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a sea-port village 
 in the parish of Maghera, county of 
 Down, about tw r o miles north of 
 Briansford, and four milesfrom Castle- 
 wellan. It is situated at the southern 
 extremity of the Mourne Mountains, 
 and at the western point of Dundrum 
 Bay. The name originated from a 
 castle erected about 1588 by Felix 
 Magennis, which is now removed, and 
 the site occupied by a comfortable inn 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 built by the Earl of Annesley, the 
 proprietor, whose bathing villa of 
 Donard Lodge is in the vicinity. 
 This place is a favourite summer re- 
 sort, and its trade has been much 
 augmented by the construction of a 
 pier. In 1835 the value of the ex- 
 ports at Newcastle creek was L.3681 ; 
 imports, L.3158. Here are several 
 places of worship. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a small village in 
 the parish of Portaferry, county of 
 Down, on the coast of St George’s 
 Channel, above which are the ruins of 
 a once strong castle, on a little penin- 
 sula boldly overlooking the sea. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a Barony of the 
 county of Dublin, divided into eleven 
 parishes, and containing the towns of 
 Lucan, Kilmainham, and Rathfarn- 
 ham. It is watered by the Liffey and 
 Dodder. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a parish, rectory 
 and corps of the Archdeaconry of 
 Glendalough, in the Barony of its 
 name, county of Dublin. The vil- 
 lage of Newcastle, formerly a borough, 
 is three miles from Rathcoole. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1100. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Up- 
 per Connello, county and Diocese of 
 Limerick. The town of Newcastle is 
 six Irish miles from Rathkeale, and 
 four Irish miles from Abbeyfeale, on 
 the road from Limerick by Patricks- 
 well and Adare to Killarney. It is 
 situated in the centre of a fertile dis- 
 trict, and is watered by a beautiful 
 tributary of the Deel. This town has 
 a pleasing rural appearance, and its 
 environs are adorned by the fine old 
 plantations in the demesne of the Earl 
 of Devon. The Castle is a part of 
 the old buildings which belonged to 
 the Knights Templars, and was fitted 
 up by Lord Courtney, who also erect- 
 ed the neat parish church near it. 
 The town contains a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a spacious Market-House, and 
 *an Infantry Barrack. In the vicinity 
 are the residences of Rathcahill, Bal- 
 lintubber, and Gardenfield. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 2908; of parish, 4433. 
 
 671 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a village in the 
 parish of Abbeyshruel, county of 
 Longford, near the Inny, two miles 
 from Ballymahon. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a village in the 
 parish of Nobber, county of Meath, 
 four miles from the post-town of Nob- 
 ber. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Iffa 
 and Offa, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Lismore, on the Suir, a 
 part of the corps of the Treasurer- 
 ship of the Diocese. Population in 
 1831, 2455. Post-town, Clonmel. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a parish, impro 
 priate rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Middlethird, county of 
 Waterford, and Diocese of Lismore. 
 Population in 1831, 1124. Post-town, 
 Kilmacthomas. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a Barony of’ the 
 county of Wicklow, divided into eight 
 parishes, and containing the towns of 
 Wicklow and Newtown-Mount-Ken- 
 nedy. It contains every variety of 
 surface, and some most romantic 
 scenery. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, a parish divided 
 into Upper and Lower, in the Barony 
 of its name, county of Wicklow, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. The village 
 of Newcastle is situated on a rivulet, 
 which enters the Irish Sea. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4517. Post-town, New- 
 town-Mount-Kennedy. 
 
 NEWCESTOWN, or Nucetown, a 
 village in the parish of Moragh, coun- 
 ty of Cork. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 NEWCHAPEL, a parish, entire 
 rectory and corp3 of a prebend, in 
 the Baronies of Iffa and Offa, county 
 of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 Population in 1831, 1544. Post-town, 
 Clonmel. 
 
 NEWCHURCH, a village in the 
 parish of Lea, Queen’s County, three 
 miles from Mountmellick. 
 
 NE W-FERRY, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Ballyscullen, county of Lon- 
 donderry, on the Bann river, near 
 Lough Beg. 
 
 NEW-GENEVA. See Geneva. 
 
 NEW-GRANGE, one of the four 
 
NEW THE GAZETTEER NEW 
 
 great sepulchral mounds on the hanks 
 of the Boyne, between Drogheda and 
 Slane, county of Meath, and the only 
 one the interior of which is opened 
 to public inspection. Though now 
 a ruin of what it originally was when 
 it was 100 feet high, this extraordinary 
 monument covers two acres, and is 
 about 70 feet in height, formed of small 
 stones covered with earth, and its 
 base was encircled by a line of enor- 
 mous stones from four to eleven feet 
 above the ground, the presumed 
 weight varying from ten to twelve 
 tons. Nine of these stones still re- 
 main. The interior of the tumulus 
 was first explored in 1699 by a gen- 
 tleman named Campbell, who then 
 resided in the village of New-Grange, 
 and discovered the entrance to the 
 gallery or passage leading to the ir- 
 regular circular chamber, when car- 
 rying away stones to repair a road, 
 since which the whole mound has 
 unfortunately been too much used 
 as a quarry. The entrance was about 
 50 feet from the original side of the 
 tumulus, and is placed due south, 
 running northward. The length of the 
 passage is about 58 feet, the breadth 
 at the opening three feet, the height 
 only one foot six inches. At the dis- 
 tance of 18 feet from the entrance the 
 passage narrows till a stone is reach- 
 ed, which is laid across in an inclined 
 position as if to impede farther pro- 
 gress; but persons of moderate size 
 can overcome this obstacle by turn- 
 ing on their sides, and edging their 
 bodies round by the assistance of the 
 elbow and foot. The gallery after 
 this extends to six feet high and three 
 feet wide, which gradually increases 
 to 10£ feet at the entrance to the prin- 
 cipal chamber, which is covered with 
 a dome of a bee-hive form construct- 
 ed of massive stones. Here is a vase 
 or urn three feet eight inches in di- 
 ameter. Altogether the sepulchral 
 tumulus of New-Grange is one of the 
 most remarkable memorials of anti- 
 quity in Ireland. 
 
 NEW INN, a village in the parish 
 of Kilconnell, county of Galway. 
 
 672 
 
 NEW INN, a village in the Barony 
 of Moyfenragh, county of Meath, near 
 the Blackwater, and the Royal Canal. 
 Post-town, Kilcock. 
 
 NEW INN, a village in the parish 
 of Knockgriffon, county of Tipperary, 
 at which is a Military Barrack. Post- 
 town, Cashel. 
 
 NEWMARKET, a small town in 
 the parish of Clonfert, county of Cork, 
 four miles from the post-town of Kan- 
 turk, adjoining to which is the fine 
 demesne of Mr Aldwortb, the proprie- 
 tor. Here is a small barrack. New- 
 market was the birth-place of the 
 celebrated Curran in 1750. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1437. 
 
 NEWMARKET, a village in the 
 parish of Aughaviller, county of Kil- 
 kenny, in the neighbourhood of Knock- 
 topher. 
 
 NEWMARKET-ON-FERGUS, a 
 small town in the parish of Tomfin- 
 lough, county of Clare, on the Fergus, 
 about twelve Irish miles from Lime- 
 rick, and six and a half miles from 
 Ennis. In the vicinity is the fine 
 seat of Carrigeran (Fitzgerald, Bart.), 
 the magnificent mansion of Dromo- 
 land (O’Brien, Bart.), the residences of 
 Caherbane, Ballycar, and Carrigarry. 
 Population in 1831, 1118. 
 
 NEWMILLS, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Rosscarbery, county of Cork. 
 
 NEWMILLS, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Pomeroy, county of Tyrone. 
 
 NEW-PIER, a village in the parish 
 of Kilraacrehy, county of Clare, on 
 the coast. See Liscanor. 
 
 NEWPORT, a stream which issues 
 from Lough Beltra, and enters Clew 
 Bay. 
 
 NEWPORT, also Newport-Mayo, 
 or Newport-Pratt, a little sea-port 
 town in the parish of Burrishoole, 
 county of Mayo, eight Irish miles from 
 Castlebar, on the road to Belmullet, 
 by Molyrany, Tulloghaan Ferry, and 
 Glencastle. It is situated on an in- 
 let in the west quarter of Clew Bay, 
 surrounded by the most romantic 
 mountain, woodland, and marine scen- 
 ery, near the debouch of the Beltra 
 stream, which issues from the little 
 
NEW 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 NEW 
 
 Lough Beltra. Newport is an advan- 
 tageous place for trade, and a naviga- 
 tion could be opened at a compara- 
 tively small expense to Killala Bay 
 through Lough Conn; the land in its 
 vicinity is fertile, and it is the only 
 town between Belmullet and Castle- 
 bar ; yet it is a poor neglected place, 
 consisting of a main street and some 
 diverging lanes. There are, how- 
 ever, several good houses, and the 
 town is extending, though most of 
 its qprn trade is now removed to 
 Westport. The Bay is safe, afford- 
 ing shelter to vessels of every class, 
 and the quays are commodious and 
 well-built. In the town are a neat 
 par .h church and Roman Catholic 
 chapel, but according to Mr Fraser’s 
 account, in his Guide through Ire- 
 land, published in 1838,“ with all the 
 advantages of soil and situation, the 
 town does not contain a house in 
 which a traveller can stop, nor are 
 there in the vicinity many spots to 
 please the eye of an agriculturist.” In 
 its vicinity the wild mountainous re- 
 gion of Mayo commences, and near 
 the town is Newport House, the seat 
 of Sir Richard O’Donel, Bart., a gen- 
 tleman who is descended from the 
 O’Neills, Earls of Tyrone, and the 
 O’Melaghans, Rings of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1235. 
 
 NEWPORT, also St John’s-New- 
 port, a small town in the parish of 
 Kilvellane, county of Tipperary, near 
 the Mulcair river. It is commonly 
 called Newport- Tip, to distinguish it 
 from Newport in Mayo. Here is a 
 small Barrack, and the town is great- 
 ly benefited by the opening of Lhe 
 Anglesey Road, formed by Govern- 
 ment to Thurles thr ; h the Keeper 
 and Slieve-Phelim Mou:.:ains. In 
 the vicinity are the residences of Castle 
 Waller, New Ross, Oakhampton, Fox 
 Hall, Mount Philips, Kiltean, Mount 
 Rivers, Ballymackeogh, and Ashroe, 
 and the ruins of Derryliagh Castle. 
 Population in 1831, 852. 
 
 NEW-QUAY, a small village and 
 harbour, near the valley of Burr in, 
 county of Clare, on the southern 
 673 
 
 shore of Galway Bay. Excellent 
 roads are now constructed in this re- 
 mote quarter, from New-Quay to En- 
 nis and Ballyvaughan. 
 
 NEWRATH BRIDGE, at which is 
 an excellent inn, delightfully situated 
 on the Vartrey river, as it leaves the 
 demesne of Rosanna, two miles from 
 the town of Wicklow', five miles from 
 Newtown-Mount-Kennedy, and one 
 mile from the hamlet of Ashford. Ro- 
 sanna is the seat of the Tighes, an an- 
 cient family in the county of Wicklow. 
 Mrs Tighe, the late proprietress, was 
 a lady conspicuous for her nume- 
 rous private charities. She educated, 
 clothed, and supported a number of 
 destitute females, to each of whom 
 she gave a gratuity of L.27 at mar- 
 riage. This lady was also an enthu- 
 siastic agriculturist. Rosanna w*as 
 the residence of Mrs Henry Tighe, the 
 distinguished authoress of Psyche. 
 The demesne is at all times open to 
 persons residing at Newrath Inn, and 
 in the villages of Bonnalea and Ash- 
 ford. 
 
 NEW ROSS. See Ross. 
 
 NEWRY, a parish, vicarage, and 
 independent Lordship, on the New-ry 
 river, county of Down, but extending 
 into the Baronies of Upper Orior, 
 and O’Neilland West, county of Ar- 
 magh, and Diocese of Dromore. The 
 parliamentary borough of Newry is 
 situated on the Newry river, w'hich 
 divides it into two portions, 64 English 
 miles from Dublin by Drogheda and 
 Dundalk, and 38 English miles from 
 Belfast. The greater part of the 
 town is on the east or Down side of 
 the Newry Water, and the other por- 
 tion is in the county of Armagh, con- 
 nected by several bridges over the 
 Newry Water and Newry Canal. 
 
 A Cistertian Abbey was founded 
 at Newry about 1160, by Maurice Mac- 
 Loughlin, King of Ireland, in honour 
 of the Virgin Mary and St Patrick. 
 The charter is printed in its original 
 form in Dr O’Conor’s “ Rerum Hiber- 
 nicarum Scriptores,” and was taken by 
 him from a MS. in the British Mu- 
 seum (Clarendon). In that charter 
 3 L 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Newry is written Nyvor-cintracta. 
 The first witness to it is Gilbert Arch- 
 bishop of Armagh, holding the staff of 
 Jesus in his hand, as the crozier of St 
 Patrick was then designated. Newry 
 is said to signify the place of yew trees , 
 and tradition alleges that two large yew 
 trees once grew within the precincts of 
 the Abbey. In the Annals of the Four 
 Masters, under the date 1162, it is stat- 
 ed — “ The Monastery of the Monks 
 of Newry was burnt, with all its fur- 
 niture and books, and also the yew 
 tree which St Patrick himself had 
 planted .” This latter statement, as 
 far as St Patrick is concerned, is very 
 apocryphal. A mitred Abbot for- 
 merly possessed the Lordships both of 
 Newry and Mourne, and exercised 
 therein episcopal jurisdiction, which 
 after the Dissolution was awarded to 
 the lay proprietor; and the Earl of 
 ; Kilmorey, to whom the town and mar 
 ; nor belong, enjoys an exempt episcopal 
 jurisdiction within these Lordships. 
 
 ; The seal represents a mitred Abbot 
 in his albe, seated in a chair, and sup- 
 ; ported by two yew trees, 
 j A castle was erected by De Courcey, 
 which was destroyed by the Scotish 
 forces under Edward Bruce, at their 
 invasion of Ireland. It was rebuilt, 
 and again dilapidated during the Re- 
 bellion of Shane O’Neill, but a third 
 time restored by Bagnal, Marshal of 
 Ulster, who also rebuilt the town, and 
 peopled it with Protestant settlers. 
 Newry suffered severely during the 
 wars of the Rebellion of 1641, and was 
 destroyed by the army of James II. 
 under the Duke of Berwick, in their 
 retreat from the North of Ireland in 
 1689. On this occasion only the Castle 
 and six houses were left standing, so 
 that the present town is altogether of 
 modern erection. 
 
 The streets of Newry on the low 
 grounds are wide, and contain good 
 houses and shops. The main street 
 consists of substantial tenements ; 
 four of the bridges are of stone ; and 
 the public buildings are St Mary’s 
 parish church, of Gothic architecture, 
 which cost L, 12,000, surmounted by a 
 674 
 
 tower 190 feet high; a chapel-of-ease, 
 which was formerly the parish church ; 
 two Roman Catholic chapels, one of 
 which is considered to be the DiocesaH 
 chapel of the Roman Catholic Bishop 
 of Dromore ; a Friary, which is also 
 a preparatory seminary to the Col- 
 lege of Maynooth ; two Presbyterian 
 meeting-houses, one of which is large 
 and elegant ; several other Dissenting 
 meeting-houses ; a neat Custom House; 
 spacious Assembly Rooms ; the Town- 
 Hall, or Market- House ; a Reading- 
 Room ; the Infantry Barracks, which 
 can accommodate 800 men ; some Hos- 
 pitals; the Union Workhouse; seve- 
 ral schools, and a number of comfort- 
 able hotels. The Corry Monument, 
 now completed, is an ornament. The 
 town is a great thoroughfare, and 
 conveyances of all kinds can be ob- 
 tained. The manufactories of Newry 
 are linen, yarn, and cotton-mills, along 
 the river ; an extensive linen trade ; 
 iron foundries, and forges for making 
 shovels, spades, and other goods ; salt 
 works ; a brewery and distillery ; flint 
 glass and cordage works; various 
 minor branches of manufactures con- 
 nected with ship-building; and very 
 extensive flour and oatmeal mills in 
 and around the town. The stores 
 extend along the line of the Canal, 
 and impart to the place much of the 
 appearance of a sea-port. The retail 
 trade is most important, as is also the 
 export of agricultural produce, that 
 of butter alone being upwards of 3300 
 tons annually. In 1834-5 the sales in 
 Newry markets were as follows: — 
 wheat, 7710 tons; oats, 23,850 tons; 
 barley, 3610 tons, and the business 
 annually increasing ; but it ought to 
 be stated that the grain market is sup- 
 plied from Armagh and other coun- 
 ties, as well as from Down. The im- 
 portation of flax-seed employs a con- 
 siderable capital. In 1835 the exports 
 amounted to L.616,836 ; the imports, 
 L. 558,7 1 1 . In 1 836, the gross receipts at 
 the Custom House exceeded L. 58, 806. 
 The chief trade of the port is with 
 Great Britain; several steamers sail 
 regularly to Liverpool and Glasgow ; 
 
NEW 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 NEW 
 
 but vessels also trade to the United 
 States and British North America, 
 the Mediterranean, Odessa, the Bal- 
 tic, and Archangel. The exports are 
 Irish produce, especially grain, and 
 cattle and manufactures, sent to Li- 
 verpool and Glasgow ; the imports are 
 coals from Lancashire and Scotland, 
 timber, tea, sugar, salt, hardware, and 
 other goods. The steam vessels go 
 no nearer Newry than Warren Point, 
 where the large trading vessels also dis- 
 charge, about six miles below the town, 
 at the head of Carlingford Lough, from 
 which the communication is by a ship 
 canal. In 1836 the registered vessels 
 belonging to the port were 161 ; ton- 
 nage, 9060 ; but the shipping has since 
 considerably increased. Markets are 
 held on Tuesday, Thursday, and Sa- 
 turday, the first for grain, the last for 
 meat ; and fairs on the 20th April and 
 29th of October. In the town are 
 Branches of the Bank of Ireland and 
 of the Ulster Banking Company. In 
 1841 two newspapers were published 
 weekly. Most of the schools are sup- 
 ported by endowments or donations. 
 
 Newry communicates with Lough 
 Neagh by the Canal forming a union 
 with the Ban», by the bed of which it 
 enters the lake. This Canal, which 
 is under the control of the Board of 
 Works, admits vessels of 50 tons 
 through the centre of Ulster. The 
 average breadth at the top is 40 feet ; 
 the locks are 15, and 22 feet in the 
 clear. The Newry river near Rath- 
 friland, and flowing westward by the 
 northern declivities of the Mourne 
 range, turns above the town, and after 
 a short course falls into the head of 
 Carlingford Lough. There is here a 
 chalybeate spa of some repute. 
 
 Newry was incorporated by James 
 I., but the Corporation became extinct, 
 though the town retained its privi- 
 lege of returning two .Members to 
 Parliament, which at the Union was 
 limited to one ; constituency in 1840-1, 
 1 193. The Seneschal of the Manor is 
 the returning officer. Petty sessions 
 are held weekly ; the quarter sessions, 
 for this division of Down county, 
 675 
 
 twice a year ; and also twice a year in 
 the Armagh portion of the town. 
 The Earl of Kilmorey, as lay abbot, 
 holds ecclesiastical courts, and grants 
 probates of wills and licences of mar- 
 riage, subject only to the metropolitan 
 jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Ar- 
 magh. The town gives the title of 
 Viscount to the Earl of Kilmorey. 
 Population in 1831, 13,065. 
 
 NEWTOWN, a parochial chapelry 
 and village in the Barony of Upper- 
 cross, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, four miles from Dublin. 
 
 NEWTOWN, a parish and curacy 
 in the united Baronies of Kilkea and 
 Moone, county of Kildare, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. Post-town, Bal- 
 lytore. 
 
 NEWTOWN, a parochial chapelry 
 belonging to Mellifont Abbey, in the 
 Barony of Ferrard, county of Louth, 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh. Post- 
 town, Drogheda. 
 
 NEWTOWN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Lower Kells, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Post-town, 
 Kells. 
 
 NEWTOWN, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Upper Navan, county 
 and Diocese of Meath, on the Boyne, 
 near the town of Trim. Here are 
 some old ecclesiastical ruins. 
 
 NEWTOWNARDES, a parish and 
 impropriate curacy in the Baronies of 
 Ardes and Castlereagh, county and 
 Diocese of Down. The town of New- 
 townardes, eight Irish miles from 
 Belfast, and seven miles from Donag- 
 hadee, is situated at the head of 
 Strangford Lough, and is the property 
 of the Marquis of Londonderry. It 
 is a neat, well-built, and comfortable- 
 looking town, having an elegant pa- 
 rish church, several Presbyterian 
 meeting-houses, a Quaker’s meeting- 
 house, a number of schools, a small 
 Court-House, Town-Hall, and Market 
 Square. Muslin weaving and em- 
 broidering is the principal manufac- 
 ture. In the town is a brewery; 
 the retail trade is extensive ; and large 
 quantities of produce are sold a,t the 
 weekly markets. Fairs are held on 
 
NEW 
 
 NEW 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 the second Saturday of each month, 
 and on the 23d of January, 14th of 
 May, and 23d of September. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4442. 
 
 NEWTOWN- BARRY, or Bon- 
 cloady, a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Scarewalsh, county of Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns. The 
 beautiful village of Newtown-Barry, 
 48 Irish miles from Dublin by Tallaght, 
 Blessington, Baltinglass, and Tullow, 
 and twelve Irish miles from Wexford, 
 is situated in a deep wooded valley, tra- 
 versed by the Slaney, which is in this 
 quarter the boundary between Carlow 
 and Wexford counties. A frieze and 
 linen manufacture is here carried on, 
 and in the vicinity is a slate quarry. 
 The beautifully planted grounds of 
 Lord Farnham are adjoining, and the 
 surrounding scenery is very pictur- 
 esque. Among the villas are Rains- 
 ford Lodge, Ballina Park, and Clo- 
 hamon Lodge. Population in 1831, 
 1430. 
 
 NEWTOWN-BELLEW, a village 
 in the parish of Abbey, county of Gal- 
 way, at which are the ruins of Castle- 
 Blakeney. 
 
 NEWTOWN-BREDA, a pictur- 
 esque village iu the parish of Knock- 
 breda, county of Down, three miles 
 from Belfast, near the Lagan. It 
 contains a neat parish church, and the 
 houses have sloping gardens in the 
 rear, which give the place a romantic 
 aspect. This is one of the agreeable 
 environs of Belfast. In the vicinity 
 are Ormeau, the seat of the Marquis 
 of Donegal, and Belvoir (Bateson, 
 Bart.) 
 
 NEWTOWN-BUTLER, a village 
 in the parish of Drumully, county of 
 Fermanagh, about a mile off the road 
 from Cavan to Enniskillen, near Lough 
 Erne. This place gives the title of 
 Baron to the Earls of Lanesborough. 
 Fairs are held on the 12th of May, and 
 on the second Friday of all other 
 months. 
 
 NEWTOWN -CONYNGH AM, a 
 village in the parish of All Saints, 
 county of Donegal, eight miles from 
 Londonderry, surrounded by roman- 
 676 
 
 tic hills. Fairs are held on the 12th 
 of February, 1st of June, 25th of Au- 
 gust, 29th of October, and 16th of No- 
 vember. 
 
 NEWTOWN-FARTULLAGH, a 
 parish and rectory in the Baronies of 
 Fartullagh and Moycashel, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 2752. Post-town, 
 Kilbeggan. 
 
 NEWTOWN-FORBES, a village 
 in the parish of Clongeesh, county of 
 Longford, within three Irish miles of 
 the town of Longford, and seven 
 miles from Dromod. Near it is the ex- 
 tensive and finely wooded demesne of 
 Castle- Forbes, the seat of the Earl of 
 Granard, bounded on the west by the 
 smaller expansion of the Shannon 
 called Lough Forbes. A tract to the 
 south of the village is known as the 
 Scotch Quarter , from a number of per- 
 sons from Scotland who settled on it 
 in the seventeenth century. Near it 
 is the residence of Brianstown. 
 
 NEWTOWN-FORTESCUE, a vil- 
 lage four miles from Slane, county of 
 Meath. 
 
 NEWTOWN-GORE, a village in 
 the parish of Carrigallen, county of 
 Leitrim. 
 
 NEWTOWN- HAMILTON, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Fevves, county and Archdio- 
 cese of Armagh. The small town of 
 Newtown-Hamiltox, 12£ Irish miles 
 from Dundalk, and 9£ miles from Ar- 
 magh, is prettily situated amid the 
 Fewes Mountains, and has sprung up 
 6incc 1770. It carries on no trade, 
 but the town and surrounding dis- 
 trict are improving ; there are weekly 
 markets, and fairs are held on the 
 last Saturday of each month. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1020; of parish, 7253. 
 
 NEWTOWN-LENAN, a parish 
 and entire rectory in the Baronies of 
 Iffa and Offa, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Cashel. Population 
 in 1831, 1931. Post-town, Carrick-ou- 
 Suir. 
 
 NEWTOWN-LIMAVADY, a neat 
 thriving town in the parish of Druma- 
 chose, county of Londonderry, 7$ 
 
, ■ ... ... r . . . 
 
 NEW OF IRELAND. NOB 
 
 — 
 
 Irish miles from Dungiven, on the 
 Roe river, which is here crossed by a 
 stone bridge. Some of its streets 
 are well built, and others are of the 
 cabin style ; but the town is inhabited 
 by numbers of respectable families, 
 and is of such importance as to have 
 Branches of the Northern Banking 
 Company and of the Belfast Banking 
 Company. There are two Distille- 
 ries, a Market House, an elegant parish 
 church, some Presbyterian meeting- 
 houses, aud a commodious inn. Its 
 weekly markets are well attended, 
 and fairs are held on the 9th of Feb- 
 ruary, 28th of March, 13th of June, 
 17th of July, and 29th of October. In 
 the vicinity are the residences of Roe 
 Park and Fruit Hill. Population in 
 1831, 2428. 
 
 NEWTOWN-LOWE, a small vil- 
 lage about two miles from Tyrrell’s 
 Pass, county of Westmeath. 
 
 NEWTOWN-MOUNT-KENNEDY, 
 a village in the parish of Upper New- 
 castle, county of Wicklow, 17 Irish 
 miles from Dublin, on the road to 
 Wicklow. This village is surround- 
 ed by the most delightful mountain 
 scenery, and is much frequented by 
 tourists. There are several residences 
 in the vicinity, and the sea is within a 
 short distance. Pleasant short ex- 
 cursions can be made from this village 
 to the glen and demesne of Dunran, the 
 Devil’s Glen, Glenmore Castle, Kilty- 
 mon Glen, the demesne of Newtown- 
 Mount-Kennedy, Altadore, Hermit- 
 age, and others. The demesne of 
 Newtown - Mount - Kennedy was re- 
 claimed from a wild and barren waste 
 by the first Lord Rossraore, who ex- 
 pended on it and the farms L.64,000. 
 The mansion is a large square edifice 
 of great simplicity and elegance, of 
 the Ionic order. 
 
 NEWTOWN-SAYILLE, a village 
 I in the parish of Clogher, county of 
 I Tyrone. Fairs are held on the first 
 j Tuesday of each month. 
 
 NE WTO WN-ST EWART, a small 
 | town in the parish of Ardstraw, coun- 
 ty of Tyrone, eight Irish miles from 
 Armagh, and almost the same dis- 
 677 
 
 tance from Strabane, on the road to J 
 Derry. It is delightfully situated on ! 
 the Strule, below its confluence with I 
 the Owenreagh river. This town, 
 which was a military post, was origi- j 
 nally called Lislas, and was granted by j 
 Charles I. to Sir William Stewart, : 
 from whom it derives its name. It j 
 was burnt by order of James II. and 
 was not rebuilt till 1722. Though 
 somewhat irregular in its plan, the 
 centre of the town contains some good 
 houses, and has a parish church, Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel, and Presbyterian • 
 and Methodist meeting-houses, At the 
 foot of Main Street is the house in 
 which James II. resided when on his 
 way to Derry, and a short distance 
 from the town are the ruins of a round 
 castle. The hills called Bessy Bell 
 and Mary Gray are about two miles in 
 the interior, and three miles distant is 
 Baron’s Court, the splendid seat and j 
 demesne of the Marquis of Abercorn. ; 
 Considerable business is done at the 
 weekly mavkets, and at the fairs, j 
 which are held on the last Monday of 
 each month, on the 2d of June, 10th 
 of October, and 11th of December. I 
 Population in 1831, 1737. 
 
 NICHOLAS (ST), a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. 
 
 NICHOLASTOWN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Kilkea and Moone, county of Kil- 
 dare, and Archdiocese of Dublin, near 
 Athy. 
 
 NINE-MILE-HOUSE, a small post- 1 
 ing establishment six miles from Cal- 
 lan, on the road to Carrick-on-Suir. | 
 
 NOBBER, a parish and perpetual 
 curacy, in the Baronies of Morgailion 
 and Low r er Slane, county and Diocese 
 of Meath. The ancient village of 
 Nobber is ten Irish miles from Navan 
 on the road to Kingscourt, and con- 
 tains a neat parish church and Roman 
 Catholic chapel. In the cemetery 
 are the vestiges of a Priory. The ce- 
 lebrated Irish harper Carolan was a 
 native of this village (see Kilronan). 
 In the vicinity is the fine old de- 
 
NOR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 NUR 
 
 mesne of Brittas. Population in 1831, 
 4445. 
 
 NOGGINSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Kilrule, county of Galway. 
 Post-town, Loughrea. 
 
 NOGHAVAL, or Nohoval, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Kinnalea, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 on the coast, forming the corps of the 
 Archdeaconry. Population in 1831, 
 1260. Post-town, Kinsale. 
 
 NOGHAVAL, a small parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Burrin, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of Kilfenora, forming parts of the 
 corps of the Precentorship of the Dio- 
 cese. Population in 1831, 408. Post- 
 town, Ennistymon. 
 
 NOGHAVAL, a parish and curacy, 
 partly in the Barony of Kilkenny- 
 West, but extending into that of Ab- 
 beyshruel, county of Longford, and 
 Diocese of Meath. Population in 
 1831,4154. Post-town, Ballymore. 
 
 NOGHAVAL-DALY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Duhallow, 
 county of Cork, and United Dioceses 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 3229. Post-town, Mill- 
 street. 
 
 NOGHAVAL-KERRY, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Trug- 
 henackmy, county of Kerry, and united 
 Dioceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe. 
 Population in 1831, 853. Post-town, 
 Tralee. 
 
 NONANE, or Temple-Mologgy, a 
 parish and entire rectory in the United 
 Baronies of Condons and Clongib- 
 bons, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, forming part of the corps of 
 the Chancellorship of that Diocese. 
 Population in 1831, 1875. Post-town, 
 Mitclielstown. 
 
 NORE, a river which rises at the 
 base of the Slieve-Bloom Mountains, 
 according to some in the county of 
 Tipperary, andto others inthe Queen’s 
 County, and after flowing southward 
 through the county of Kilkenny joins 
 the Barrow about two miles above 
 New Ross. Its principal tributaries 
 are the King’s River, the Dian, the 
 Erkin, and the Owenree. This river 
 678 
 
 has a most violent and rapid current 
 which impedes navigation, but at 
 Thomastown barges can ply, and 
 larger vessels at Inistioge. The Nore 
 passes the city of Kilkenny, and thence 
 till its junction with the Barrow its 
 banks are most attractive, but much 
 rural scenery in the midst of a plea- 
 sant and fertile district is also ex- 
 hibited before it approaches that city. 
 In the vicinity of Castletown, two 
 miles from Mountrath, are several 
 large corn-mills on the banks of the 
 river. The valley of the Nore, from 
 i the northern extremity of the county 
 of Kilkenny to the point where it is 
 joined by the Dian, augmented by the 
 Dinane and the Dubhglass, is con- 
 fined between the declivities of the 
 Castlecomer Hills. Near Kilkenny 
 city the river enters an open district, 
 dividing the plain into nearly two 
 equal portions. The steep banks of the 
 river near Thomastown are orna- 
 mented by the extensive wooded de- 
 mesne of Mount-Juliet, the seat of the 
 Earl of Carrick ; and at Inistioge the 
 river is crossed by an elegant bridge 
 having Ionic pilasters. From this 
 place the banks are covered for se- 
 veral miles with the woods of the 
 beautiful demesne of Woodstock, and 
 the whole scenery from Thomastown 
 to the Barrow, a distance of 13 miles, 
 is most picturesque. A tongue of 
 alluvial land called the Roer, about 
 two miles in length, occupies the 
 south-eastern portion of the district at 
 the junction with the Barrow. The 
 united rivers are subsequently known 
 as the Ross Rover in the course to 
 Waterford Harbour. 
 
 NUN’S CROSS, or Kilfea, a vil- 
 lage in the parish of Killeskey, county 
 of Wicklow, on the Vartrey river, in 
 the neighbourhood of Ashford and 
 Newrath-Bridge. Here is an elegant 
 church, erected for the parish of Kil- 
 leskey, by Francis Synge, Esq., in 1817. 
 
 NURNEY, a parish, rectory and 
 corps of the Precentorship of the Dio- 
 cese of Leighlin, in the Barony of 
 Idrone East, county of Carlow. The 
 old village of Nurney is about three 
 
OFF OF IRELAND. OLD 
 
 English miles from Leighlin Bridge. 
 Population of parish in 1831, 795. 
 NURNEY, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 
 carage, in the Baronies of Carbery 
 and West Opbaly, county and Diocese 
 of Kildare. Post-town, Kildare. 
 
 o. 
 
 OAKPORT (LOUGH), an expan- 
 sion of the Boyle river in the county 
 of Roscommon, on the shore of which 
 is the residence of Oakport House. 
 
 O’BRENNAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Truglie- 
 nackiny, county of Kerry, and United 
 Diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 847. Post town, 
 Tralee. 
 
 O’BRIEN’S BRIDGE, a village in 
 the parish of Killaloe, county of Clare, 
 on the western bank of the Shannon, 
 deriving its name from a bridge across 
 the river, about two miles above 
 Castle-Connell. 
 
 ODDER, an impropriate rectory in 
 the Barony of Skryue, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. 
 
 ODOGH, or Three-Castles, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Cranagh, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory. Population in 1831, 
 1367. Post-town, Castlecomer. 
 
 O'DORNEY, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Clan- 
 maurice, county of Kerry, and an- 
 nexed Dioceses of Ardfert and Agha- 
 doe, near the Brick river. The vil- 
 lage of O’dorney, or Mountnagee, is 
 six miles from Tralee. A portion of 
 the lands, belonging to a religious 
 house at this place, was granted to 
 Trinity College, Dublin, by Queen 
 Elizabeth. Population in 1831, 2986. 
 
 OFFA, a Barony in the county of 
 Tipperary annexed to Ufa, divided into 
 fifteen parishes. 
 
 OFFER LANE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Upper 
 Ossory, Queen's County, and Diocese 
 of Ossory, on the Nore river. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 9915. Post-town, 
 Mountrath. 
 
 OGASHIN. See Quin. 
 
 OGONILLOE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Tullagh, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Kil- 
 laloe, on the Shannon. Population 
 in la31, 2966. Post-town, Killaloe. 
 
 OGULLA. See Tulsk. 
 
 OLD ABBEY, a small village in 
 the parish of Waterfall, seven miles 
 from Cork. 
 
 OLD-BAWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Tallagh, five miles from Dublin. 
 
 OLDBRIDGE. See Boyne. 
 
 OLDCASTLE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Demifore, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. The small 
 town of Oldcastle, 41$ Irish miles 
 from Dublin by Blac k Bull, Trim, and j 
 Athboy, is surrounded by the greatly j 
 improved estates of Mr Naper, and j 
 has a good inn and posting establish- 
 ment. Here are the parish church, a 
 Roman Catholic chape), a Primitive 
 Methodist meeting-house, and a large 
 school-house capable of containing 
 1000 children, which has an endow- 
 ment of L.8«»0 per annum. Exten- 
 sive corn-mills are near the town ; 
 the weekly market, held on Monday, 
 is one of the largest for yarn in the 
 countv, and three considerable an- 
 nual fairs are held. Population in 
 1831, 1531; of parish, 4718. 
 
 OLD-CONNAUGHT, a parish and 
 curacy in the Half Barony of Rath- 
 down, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin. The village of Old-Con- 
 naught, about a mile from Bray, is an 
 agreeable summer retreat. Here are 
 the ruins of a chapel with an ancient 
 cemetery. Old- Connaught House is 
 
 the seat of Lord Plunket. 
 
 OLDHE AD, a fishing station south- 
 ward of Clew Bay, in the county of 
 
 679 
 
OME 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ORM 
 
 Mayo, at which are a small boat har- 
 bour and pier, the latter erected by 
 the Fishing Board. 
 
 OLD-MERRION, a bathing village, 
 containing many elegant villas, in the 
 parish of Donnybrook, three miles 
 from Dublin, on Dublin Bay. Here 
 are the ruins of a church, and some 
 vestiges of a castle. 
 
 OMAGH, a Barony in the county 
 of Tyrone, divided into ten parishes. 
 
 OMAGH, the county town of Ty- 
 rone, in the Barony of its name, pa- 
 j rish of Drumragh, is 87 Irish miles 
 j from Dublin, and eight miles from 
 | Newton-Stewart, on the road to Lon- 
 j donderry, is situated on one of the 
 ! numerous eminences near the broken 
 mountain ranges in this quarter of 
 the county, on the Drumragh or 
 Strule stream, a tributary of the Foyle. 
 It consists of one very steep street, 
 in which are the principal shops and 
 houses, and lanes branching off. The 
 elegant Court-House occupies an ele- 
 vated situation at the diverging of 
 the main street, and the Jail is a large 
 modern edifice on the north side of 
 the town. The other public buildings 
 are the parish church, Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel, four Dissenting meeting- 
 houses, Infirmary, Hospital, a Bar- 
 rack, and Union Workhouse. The 
 County Assizes, General Sessions of 
 the Peace, and Petty Sessions are held. 
 Omagh was burnt in 1689 by the gar- 
 rison left in it by James II., to render 
 it useless to the troops of William III., 
 and again accidentally in 1743, when 
 only two houses were left standing. 
 It rose from these calamities greatly 
 improved, and is now remarkable for 
 | its general neat appearance. The town 
 I is one of the markets for brown 
 | linens; the weekly markets are well 
 attended, the retail trade is consider, 
 able; and fairs are held on the first 
 Tuesday of every month. Population 
 | in 1831, 2211. 
 
 OME Y, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 I age, in the Barony of Ballinahinch, 
 j county of Galway, and Diocese of 
 ; Tuam, on the sea-coast, including the 
 islands of Omey, Tarbert, Inisturk, 
 
 i 680 
 
 and others. The parish is also called 
 Omay, Umma , and Umond. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 6721. Post-town, Ough- 
 terard. See Clifden. 
 
 OMULLOD. See Clonlea. 
 
 O’NEILL AND, EAST and WEST, 
 two Baronies of the county of Ar- 
 magh, divided into thirteen parishes, 
 and containing the towns of Loug- 
 hall, Lurgan, Portadown,andRichhill. 
 
 OONAGH (LOUGH), a lake on 
 the border of the county of Monaghan 
 with Fermanagh, on the road to 
 Swithsborough. 
 
 OPHALY, EAST and WEST, two 
 Baronies of the county of Kildare, di- 
 vided into twenty-two parishes. 
 
 ORAN, a parish, rectory and corps 
 of a prebend, in the Half Barony of 
 Ballymoe, county of Roscommon, and 
 Diocese of Elphin, on the Suck. Po. 
 pulation in 1831, 1560. Post-town, 
 Roscommon. 
 
 ORANMORE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the county of the 
 town of Galway and Barony of Dun- 
 kellin, Diocese of Tuam. The con- 
 siderable village of Oranmore is at 
 the head of one of the upper arms 
 of Galway Bay, about six English 
 miles from Galway. The small old 
 edifice of Oran Castle is in the vil- 
 lage, near it the residence of Rinville, 
 and beyond it, on the point of the 
 long narrow peninsula, is Ardfry, the 
 marine villa of Lord Wallscourt. The 
 village of Oranmore gives the title of 
 Baron, in the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the ancient Family of Browne of 
 Castle-MacgarretinMayo. The Right 
 Hon. Dominick Browne was created 
 Baron Oranmore and Browne in 1835. 
 
 ORIOR, a populous Barony of the 
 county of Armagh, consisting of Up- 
 per and Lower, and divided into 
 eleven parishes. 
 
 ORITOR, a village in the parish of 
 Kildress, county of Tyrone, four miles 
 from Cookstown. Fairs are held on 
 the 6th of July, 3d of August, 10th of 
 October, and 18th of November. 
 
 ORMOND,, a Barony of the county 
 of Tipperary, consisting of Upper and 
 Lower, and dividedintothirtyparishes. 
 
ORM 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ORM 
 
 This Barony gives the title of Mar- j 
 quis, in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 ancient and Noble Family of Butler. 
 The office of Hereditary Chief Butler 
 of Ireland was conferred by Henry II., 
 in 1177, on Theobald Fitz waiter, who 
 accompanied him to Ireland in 1171. 
 His son Theobald, who succeeded him 
 in 1206, was the first who assumed 
 the surname of Le Botilier, now But- 
 ! ler. Edmund, sixth feudal Lord, was 
 created Earl of Carrick-mac-Griffin 
 in 1315, and had three sons, from the 
 second of whom the Earls of Carrick 
 descend. He was succeeded in 1321 
 by his eldest son, second Earl and 
 seventh Butler of Ireland, who mar- 
 ried Eleanor, grand-daughter of Ed- 
 ward I., and was created Earl of Or- 
 mond by Edward III. in consequence 
 of his alliance with royalty. His 
 eldest son by this marriage, who suc- 
 ceeded as second Earl of Ormond, 
 was usually designated the Noble Earl. 
 James fourth Earl, the grandson of 
 this Nobleman, was designated the 
 White Earl, and was considered a 
 personage of great learning. His son, 
 James fifth Earl, was created Earl of 
 Wiltshire, in the Peerage of England, 
 in 1449, for his fidelity to the interests 
 of the House of Lancaster; but having 
 been taken prisoner by the adherents 
 of the rival House of York after the 
 battle of Towton, he was attainted 
 and beheaded at Newcastle in 1161. 
 Edward IY. removed the attainder 
 from his brother and successor the 
 sixth Earl of Ormond, a Nobleman of 
 whom that monarch declared, that 
 ** if good breeding and liberal quali- 
 ties were lost in the world, they might 
 all be found in the Earl of Ormond.” 
 He died in the Holy Land, whither he 
 had repaired in a fit of devotion in 
 1478, and was succeeded by his brother 
 Thomas, who had been summoned 
 to the English House of Peers by the 
 title of Lord Rochford. At his death 
 iu 1515 the Earldom reverted to Sir 
 Pierce Butler, eighth Earl, descended 
 from the second son of the third Earl, 
 who, however, was obliged to re- 
 linquish it to Thomas Viscount Roch- 
 681 I 
 
 j ford, son of Lady Margaret, second 
 daughter of the seventh Earl by Sir 
 William Boleyn. This Viscount 
 Rochford was the elder brother of 
 the unfortunate Anne Boleyn, Queen 
 of Henry VIII., and mother of Queen 
 Elizabeth. Sir Pierce Butler, in 
 consequence of thus relinquishing the 
 Earldom of Ormond, was created Earl 
 of Ossory. He was succeeded in 1539 
 by his eldest son James, who had been 
 created Baron Thurles in 1535, and 
 who was subsequently restored to the 
 Earldom of Ormond as ninth Earl, by 
 Act of Parliament in 1541 . His Lord- 
 ship was poisoned at a supper at 
 Ely House iu Holborn, London, in 
 1543, and was succeeded by his son 
 Thomas as tenth Earl, commonly 
 called the Black Earl y from his com- 
 plexion, the first of this Noble Family 
 who conformed to the Protestant 
 Church, and a great favourite of Queen 
 Elizabeth. He died without male issue 
 in 1614, and the Earldom reverted to 
 Sir Walter Butler of Kilcash, grand 
 son of the ninth Earl, who died in 
 1632, and was succeeded by his grand- 
 son James twelfth Earl, created -Mar- 
 quis of Ormond in 1642, and Duke of 
 Ormond in 1661, and also the same 
 rank in England in 1682. This was 
 the celebrated Duke of Ormond, Lord- 
 Lieutenant from 1661 to his death in 
 1688, and distmguished for his loyalty 
 in the history of Irelaud. He was 
 succeeded by his grandson, as second 
 Duke, who in right of his mother was 
 great-grandson of Maurice Prince, of 
 Orange ; but this Nobleman w as at- 
 tainted soon after the accession of 
 George I., and retired to the Conti-; 
 nent, where he died in 1745 without 
 male issue, and the Irish dignities of 
 Earl of Ormond and Viscount Thurles 
 remaiued dormant till restored in 
 1791 to John Butler, Esq. of Garry- 
 ricken, descended from the eleventh 
 Earl, it having been decided that the 
 attainder of the second Duke only af- j 
 fected the English titles. The 18th 
 Earl was created Baron Ormond in 
 the Peerage of Great Britain, and 
 Marquis of Ormond in 1825. 
 
ORR THE GAZETTEER OSS 
 
 ORRERY, a Barony of the county 
 of Cork, divided into eleven parishes. 
 It gave the title of Earl to a branch of 
 the Noble Family of Boyle, now con- 
 joined with the Earldom of Cork. 
 Roger, fifth son of Richard first Earl 
 of Cork, •ommonly known as the 
 Great Earl , was created Lord Brog- 
 hill by Charles I. while in his infancy, 
 and is known by that title in the wars 
 of the Rebellion of 1641 and of Crom- 
 well, under whom he served as a ge- 
 I neral officer. He long resided in 
 i Scotland, and at Cromwell’s death, 
 perceiving the confusion which pre- 
 vailed, he exerted himself in the Re- 
 storation of Charles II., and was cre- 
 ated Earl of Orrery. He died in 
 1679, and was succeeded by his eldest 
 son Roger, second Earl, who died in 
 1682, and was succeeded by his eldest 
 son Lionel. At the death of this 
 Nobleman in 1703, the Earldom re- 
 verted to his brother Charles, fourth 
 Earl, a personage of considerable 
 learning and celebrity in his day, who 
 in the latter years of his life amused 
 himself with philosophical subjects, 
 and patronised George Graham, an 
 ingenious watchmaker, who con- 
 structed the well known curious ma- 
 chine, or mechanical instrument, re- 
 presenting the motions or phases of 
 the planetary bodies, and in gratitude 
 to his benefactor called it an Orrery , 
 which it has ever since retained ; but 
 according to Dr Johnson, the whole 
 merit of inventing it belongs to Row- 
 ley, a mathematician of Litchfield. 
 
 ; Mr Desaguliers, in his “ Course of 
 j Experimental Philosophy,” published 
 1 in 1734, is, however, of a different 
 j opinion. After stating his belief 
 j that Graham, about the year 1700, 
 
 1 first invented the movement for exhi- 
 biting the motion of the earth round 
 the sun, at the same time that the 
 moon revolved round the earth, he 
 observes — “ This machine being in 
 the hands of an instrument-maker, to 
 be sent with some of his own instru- 
 ments to Prince Eugene, he copied it, 
 and made the first for the late Earl 
 of Orrery, and then several others, 
 682 
 
 with additions of his own. Sir Richard 
 Steele, who knew nothing of Mr 
 Graham’s machine, in one of his lu- 
 cubrations, thinking to do justice to 
 the first encourager, as well as the 
 inventor, of such a curious instru- 
 ment, called it an Orrery, and gave 
 Mr J. Rowley the praise due to Mr 
 Graham.” Be this as it may, the 
 Irish Barony of Orrery has thehonour 
 to give its name to this celebrated in- 
 strument. The Earl of Orrery was 
 succeeded by his only son John, fifth 
 Earl, in 1731, who was also much ad- 
 dicted to literary pursuits, and ac- 
 quired the Earldom of Cork in 1753. 
 
 OSSORY, a Bishop’s See included 
 in the Ar chiepiscopal Province of D ub- 
 lin, comprehending nearly the whole 
 county of Kilkenny, a considerable 
 part of King’s County, and small por- 
 tion of Queen’s County. It takes its 
 name from the ancient district of 
 Ossory, long ruled by its native > 
 Princes, and there being no town called 
 Ossory, Kilkenny, or rather Irish 
 Town, is the episcopal seat, where is 
 the Cathedral, dedicated to St Canice 
 (see Kilkenny ), successively removed 
 from Saigair, now St Kyran, and from 
 Aghaboe, or Aghavoe, the latter in 
 the Barony of Upper Ossory. The 
 estimated length of the Diocese is 
 about 62 English miles, and the breadth 
 22 miles. The Chapter consists of the 
 Dean, Precentor, Chancellor, Trea- 
 surer, Archdeacon, seven Preben- 
 daries, and three Vicars- Choral. In 
 1837 the number of parishes was re- 
 turned at 128; benefices, 59 ; of which 
 32 were single parishes, and 27 were 
 unions. There were 46 parochial 
 churches, and three chapels -of ease. 
 In 1834 the population of the Diocese 
 amounted to 222,326, of whom 12,361 
 were members of the Established 
 Church, and 209,848 were Roman Ca- 
 tholics. In that year there were 308 
 schools, of which 220 were supported 
 entirely by the parents of the pupils, 
 and 18 were in connection with the 
 National Board, the whole educating 
 20,976 young persons. 
 
 The Bishopric of Ossory was found- 
 
OWE 
 
 OUG 
 
 OP IRELAND. 
 
 ed early in the fifth century, and the 
 first prelate on record is St Kiaran. 
 He was succeeded by a line of genuine 
 Milesians, as their names indicate, 
 who are also designated Abbots. John 
 Bale was the first Protestant Bishop. 
 By the Act of 1833, the Diocese is 
 now annexed to the adjacent Sees of 
 Leighlin and Ferns. The gross yearly 
 income of the Bishopric, on the aver- 
 | age of three years ending 1831, was 
 L.3859 ; the net income, L.3322. The 
 See lands comprise 21,730 profitable 
 acres, and are now vested in the Ec- 
 ; clesiastical Commissioners. 
 
 OSSORY (UPPER), a Barony of 
 j the Queen’s County, divided into nine 
 parishes. 
 
 OUGARNIE, a stream in the 
 county of Clare, which enters the 
 Shannon in the neighbourhood of the 
 old castle of Bunratty. 
 
 OUGHAVAL, or Atjghaval, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Morisk, county of Mayo, and Diocese 
 of Tuam, on Clew Bay. See West- 
 port. 
 
 OUGHTER (LOUGH), one of a 
 chain of lakes in the centre of the 
 county of Cavan. This lake is re- 
 markably picturesque, exhibiting pro- 
 jecting wooded promontories, bold 
 headlands, and large fertile islands. 
 The road from, Crossdoney to Kille- 
 shandra is near the western shore. 
 
 OUGHTER AGH, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore. Population in 1831, 
 317. Post-town, Cahir. 
 
 OUGHTER ARD, a small town in 
 the parish of Kilcommon, county of 
 Galway, through which is carried the 
 road from Galway to Clifden. It is 
 14 Irish miles from the former town, 
 delightfully situated on Lough Corrib, 
 and watered by the Feogh, which 
 forms a series of small rapids called 
 the Salmon Leap , and traverses, before 
 it reaches the lake, a natural limestone 
 tunnel. Here are the parish church, 
 Roman Catholic chapel, and an Infan- 
 try Barrack. Oughterard is a strag- 
 glingplace, but the wild and romantic 
 683 
 
 surrounding district is greatly improv- 
 ed. Near the Salmon Leap is the resi- 
 dence of Clareville, the lodge of Mr 
 St George, the proprietor of the town. 
 
 OUGHTERARD, a parish, rectory, 
 and small village, in the Barony of 
 South Salt, county and Diocese of 
 Kildare. Population in 1831, 223. 
 
 OUGHTERLEAGUE, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Kilnamanagh, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Cashel, in the Union 
 of Ballintemple. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 OUGHTMANNA, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Burrin, county of Clare, and Diocese 
 of Kilfenora, forming part of the 
 corps of the Chancellorship of that 
 Diocese. Population in 1831, 793. 
 Post-town, Corofin. 
 
 OULART, a post village in the 
 parish of Millenagh, or Templesban- 
 non, county of Wexford, twelve Irish 
 miles from Gorey, and nine miles 
 from Wexford. 
 
 OUTRAGH, or Ougatragh, a 
 parish, vicajrage, and village, in the 
 Barony of Carrigallen, county of 
 Leitrim, and Diocese of Kilmore. 
 Population in 1831, 8149. Post-town, 
 Ballinamore. 
 
 OUTRAGH, or Outrath, a parish 
 and prebend in the Barony of Shilli- 
 logher, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory, forming a constituent 
 part of the corps of the Chancellor- 
 ship of that Diocese. Post -town, Kil- 
 kenny. 
 
 OUVANE, a stream which enters 
 the harbour of Ballylickey, in Bantry 
 Bay. SeeBANTRV. 
 
 OVEN’S. See Owen’s. 
 
 OVOCA. See Avoca. 
 
 OWBEG, a stream which enters 
 the Feale, about three miles from 
 Wellesley Bridge, in the county of 
 Limerick, in the direction of Abbey- 
 feale. 
 
 OWENBEG, a stream discharging 
 itself into the Maine at Ballisodare, 
 four miles above Sligo, previous to 
 which it forms a singularly beautful 
 and picturesque cascade. 
 
 OWENC ARROW, a stream which | 
 
OWE 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 enters Lough Glen, in the vicinity of 
 Sheephaven, county of Donegal. 
 
 OWENCOCKER, a stream which 
 enters the Bay of Loughrosbeg, a 
 short distance below the village of 
 Ardara. 
 
 OWENDUFFE, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of Shel- 
 burne, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns. Post-town, Taghmon. 
 
 OWEN’S (ST), or Athnowen, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 ronies of Barretts and East Muskerry, 
 and county of the city of Cork, forming 
 part of the corps of a Prebend in Cork 
 Cathedral. The hamlet of Owen’s, or 
 Oven’s, is situated on the Bride, eight 
 miles from Cork, and two miles from 
 Ballincollig. Several curious caves oc- 
 cur in the limestone rock in this quar- 
 ter, which the peasantry allege to ex- 
 tend to Carrigrohan, four miles dis- 
 tant, under ground. “ The caves,” 
 observes Mr Windele, “ are numerous, 
 and branch off in a great variety of 
 directions, but their long exposure 
 has deprived them, at least those most 
 accessible, of all their spars, stalac- 
 tites, &c.” The entrances are in the 
 quarry near the bridge, and in that 
 near the parish church, opposite the 
 Roman Catholic chapel. Population 
 in 1831, 1^53. 
 
 OWENEA, a stream in the county 
 of Donegal, which enters the Bay of 
 Loughrosbeg, upwards of a mile north 
 of the yijlage of Ardara. 
 
 OWENERRIVE, a stream which 
 traverses Joyce Country, and falls 
 into the Rillery Harbour. See Kil- 
 lery. 
 
 OWENMORE, a name designating 
 many tributary streams throughout 
 the whole Province of Connaught. 
 One of these rivers enters Tulloghawn 
 Bay, county of Mayo. , 
 
 OYS 
 
 OWENROE, a tributary of the 
 Blackwater, county of Meath, on which 
 is the improving town of Moynalty. 
 
 OWEY, an inhabited island off the 
 coast of Donegal, near Mullaghderg. 
 
 OWHEL (LOUGH), a lake three 
 miles from Mullingar, in the county 
 of Westmeath, the discharge of which 
 is the priacipal supply of the Royal 
 Canal. This lake is upwards of three 
 miles in length, by one mile and a half 
 in breadth, and is a deep, clear, and 
 beautiful sheet of water. 
 
 OWINASS, a stream which enters 
 the Barrow, below thetown ofMount- 
 Mellick, Queen’s County. 
 
 OWNING. See Beaulieu. 
 
 O WREGARE, or Uregare, a parish 
 and rectory in the Baronies of Cosh- 
 ma and Small County, county and Dio- 
 cese of Limerick. Population in 1831, 
 1874. Post-town, Bruff. 
 
 OXMANTOWN. See Dublin. 
 
 OX MOUNTAINS, a range of rug- 
 ged hills, the broken slopes of which 
 are diversified by tillage, in the county 
 of Sligo. 
 
 OYLGATE, a small village in the 
 parish of Edermine, county of Wex- 
 ford, upwards of four miles from En- 
 niscorthy. 
 
 OYNA, a most picturesque stream 
 which enters Liscanor Bay, near the 
 little town of Ennistymon. 
 
 OYNE, a stream which enters Lis- 
 canor Bay, near the ruins of Liscanor 
 Castle. 
 
 OYSTER-HAVEN, afishing village 
 and narrow deep bay east of Kinsale 
 Harbour, off the entrance to which 
 are the dangerous rocks, covered by 
 the tide, called the Sovereigns . The 
 Bay is noted for its excellent oyster- 
 fishing. 
 
 OYSTER-ISLAND, a small island 
 off the coast of Sligo. 
 
 684 
 
PAL OF IRELAND. PAR 
 
 P. 
 
 PAINSTOWN, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony and 
 county of Carlow, and in the united 
 Baronies of Kilkea and Moone, coun- 
 ty of Kildare, and Diocese of Leigh - 
 lin, on the Barrow, forming part of 
 the corps of the Treasurership of that 
 Diocese. Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 PAINSTOWN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Lower Duleek, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Post- 
 town, Slane. 
 
 PALE (ENGLISH), a designation 
 which often occurs in Irish history. 
 The Pale was the line of demarcation 
 drawn by the English settlers between 
 their acquired possessions and the 
 more remote districts, which were 
 still permitted to remain with the an- 
 cient proprietors. This boundary 
 was the Debateable Ground of Ireland, 
 and was the scene of constant raids, 
 skirmishes, and bloodshed. Nume- 
 rous are the wild traditions connected 
 with this dangerous border. 
 
 PALLAS, a village in the parish of 
 Killesolan, county of Galway, four 
 miles from Castle-Blakeney. 
 
 PALLAS-GREEN, a village in the 
 county of Limerick, on a road from 
 Tipperary to the city of Limerick, 
 romantically situated among hills 
 finely wooded, and considered excel- 
 lent pasture lands. It contains a neat 
 parish church. 
 
 PALLAS-KENRY, a village in the 
 county of Limerick, On the road from 
 Limerick to Tralee, near the Shan- 
 non. Near it is the demesne of Shan- 
 non Grove, the fine seat of the Earl of 
 Charleville, in the vicinity of the vil- 
 lage of its name. 
 
 PALMERSTOWN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and village, in the Barony of 
 Newcastle, four miles from Dublin, 
 pleasantly situated on the Liffey, and 
 noted for its horse fair. In the vici- 
 685 
 
 nity is the seat of the Earl of Do- 
 •noughmore. This village gives the 
 title of Viscount, in the Peerage of 
 Ireland, to the Noble Family of Temple, 
 said to be descended from Edwin, 
 styled Earl of Leicester and Coventry, 
 grandson of Algar, Earl of Mercia, 
 who lived before the Norman Con- 
 quest. Henry Temple, Esq., was cre- 
 ated Baron Temple and Viscount Pal- 
 merston in 1722. Henry, third Vis- 
 count, in 1841 Secretary of State for 
 Foreign Affairs, succeeded to the title 
 in 1802. 
 
 PALMERSTOWN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Balrothery, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 Population in 1831, 321, Post-town, 
 Swords. 
 
 PALMERSTOWN, a poor village 
 two miles from Killala, in the county 
 of Mayo, on the banks of a rivulet 
 which enters the small bay of Rath- 
 fran. 
 
 PARBLES, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Coshlea, county 
 and Diocese of Limerick, near Kilmal- 
 loch. This parish is not noticed by 
 this name in the Ecclesiastical Regi- 
 ster. 
 
 PARK, a village in the parish of 
 Tullylish, county of Down. 
 
 PARKGATE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Donegore, county of Antrim, 
 at which fairs are held bn the 7th of 
 February, 7th of May, second Monday 
 of June, 7th of August, and 4th of 
 November. 
 
 PARSONSTOWN. See Birr. 
 
 PARSONSTOWN, a parish, vicar- 
 age, and village, in the Barony of 
 Ferrard, county of Louth, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh. Population in 
 1831,303. Post-town, Dunleer. 
 
 PARTEEN, a small village three 
 miles from Limerick, on the Shannon. 
 
 PARTREE, a village five Irish 
 3 m 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 PAS 
 
 miles from Ballinrobe, on the road to 
 Westport, near Loughs Mask and 
 Carra. 
 
 PASSAGE, a village within the 
 Liberties of the town of Kinsale, on 
 the east shore of Kinsale Harbour, 
 county of Cork. 
 
 PASSAGE (EAST). See East 
 Passage. 
 
 PASSAGE (WEST), or Passage, 
 a parish and curacy in the Barony of 
 Kerricurrihy, county and Diocese of 
 Cork. The small sea-port town of 
 Passage is about five miles from 
 Cork, in the vicinity of the picturesque 
 village of Monkstown. Here heavy 
 laden vessels for Cork are relieved of 
 part of their cargoes. This town 
 chiefly consists of two central irregu- 
 larly built streets, about a mile in 
 length, and possesses a parish church, 
 erected in 1684, a new Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel, and a small Wesleyan Me- 
 thodist meeting-house. The quay, at 
 which the steamers land passengers, is 
 a solid structure, built in 1836 ; near it 
 is a dock- yard ; and at the south of the 
 town are large and convenient baths. 
 As Passage is the principal point of 
 communication between Cork and 
 Cove, it is a busy thoroughfare, and 
 a favourite summer resort. “ The 
 disadvantages and difficulties of the 
 navigation of the river between Pas- 
 sage and Cork,” says Mr Windele, 
 “ are much in favour of the former. 
 In the channel the greatest depth is 
 16 feet, but at the neap tides it falls to 
 13 feet, and sometimes 11$ feet. It 
 cannot be generally used with a north- 
 east wind, and very frequently sail- 
 ing vessels are detained at Passage by 
 the tides. To reach Cork from Pas- 
 sage after the first hour of ebb would 
 require a fast vessel, and after the 
 tide has retired a couple of hours, the 
 transit becomes very doubtful. The 
 upper part of the river is not, there- 
 fore, practicable at all for large ves- 
 sels, 'or vessels exceeding 150 tons 
 burthen; while, on the contrary, at 
 Passage there is a great depth of 
 water in front of the town, with a 
 safe channel, which, added to the ne- 
 
 PHI 
 
 cessity of large vessels unloading 
 there, are facilities from which Pas- 
 sage derives considerable advantages.” 
 Population of the town in 1831, 2141. 
 
 PASS-IF-YOU-CAN, a village in the 
 parish of St Margaret’s, county of 
 Dublin. Also a village in the parish of 
 Rathconnel, county of Westmeath. 
 
 PATRICK’S (ST), a parish and 
 rectory, in the county of the city and 
 Diocese of Limerick, close to that city, 
 constituting part of the corps of the 
 Treasurership of that Cathedral. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2331. See Lime- 
 rick. 
 
 PATRICK’S WELL, a straggling 
 village in the parish of Kilkeedy, about 
 five miles from Limerick, on the road 
 to Adare and Rathkeale. Near it are 
 the residences of Attyflin, Green- 
 mount, Fort Etna, Richmond, and 
 Jockey Hall. 
 
 PEPPERSTOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Middle- 
 third, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 1156. Post-town, Fethard. 
 
 PETER’S (ST), a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy adjoining the town 
 of Wexford. 
 
 PETTIGOE, a small town in the 
 county of Donegal, 4$ Irish miles from 
 Bash, and 16 miles from Enniskillen, 
 on the road to Killybegs, on the Tar- 
 mon river. The town is upwards of 
 a mile from that quarter of the shore 
 of Lough Erne, near which is Boa 
 Island. It is a great halting place of 
 the pilgrims to Lough Derg. This 
 town is improving, and contains the 
 parish church, Roman Catholic chapel, 
 and a Presbyterian meeting-house. 
 Lough Derg is upwards of four Irish 
 miles distant. A fair is held on the 
 20th day of every month. 
 
 PHIBSBORO UGH, a suburban vil- 
 lage on a branch of the Royal Canal, 
 Dublin. 
 
 PHILIPSTOWN, a Barony in the 
 King’s County, divided into Upper 
 and Lower, comprising 13 parishes. 
 
 PHILIPSTOWN, or Killaderry, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of its name, King’s County, and Dio- 
 
POM 
 
 PIL OF IRELAND. 
 
 cese of Kildare, adjoining the Grand 
 Canal. The village is designated 
 Philipstown in honour of Philip II. of 
 Spain, consort of Queen Mary of Eng- 
 land, and was long the county town, 
 till its poverty and want of accommo- 
 dation rendered it necessary to confer 
 that distinction on Tullamore, 7£ Irish 
 miles distant, on the road to Frank- 
 ford and Birr. Forth Castle, in which 
 King Philip resided during his visit 
 to this part of Ireland, is now repaired 
 and inhabited. Population in 1831, 
 1454. 
 
 PHILIPSTOWN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Ardee, county 
 of Louth, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh. Population in 1831, 1659. Post- 
 town, Dundalk. 
 
 PHILIPSTOWN-NUGENT, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Upper Dundalk, county of Louth, and 
 Archdiocese of Armagh. Population 
 in 1831, 459. Post-town, Dundalk. 
 
 PHOUL-A-PHOUCA, a celebrated 
 waterfall of the river Liffey, four miles 
 from Blessington, in the county of 
 Wicklow, and one mile from the village 
 of Ballymore-Eustace. The meaning 
 of the name is the Demon’s Hole. The 
 height of this magnificent cataract is 
 variously stated at 150 and 180 feet, 
 and it forms a series of three falls. 
 A bridge is thrown across the chasm, 
 from a design by Mr Nimmo. The 
 span of the arch is 65 feet, altitude of 
 the chord above the Upper Fall 47 
 feet, height of the key- stone of arch 
 above the bed of the river 150 feet. 
 The side of the glen belonging to the 
 Earl of Milltown is finely planted. 
 
 PHOUL-A-PHOUCA, a rocky dell 
 in the county of Fermanagh, in the 
 picturesque range of Shean, near 
 Lower Lough Erne. 
 
 PIERCETOWN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Rathconrath, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 1089. Post- 
 town, Ballymore. 
 
 PIERCETOWN. See Lecknow. 
 
 PILLTOWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Fiddown, county of Kilkenny, 
 on a creek called the Pill, connected 
 687 
 
 with the Suir, nine Irish miles from 
 Aughavillar, and 15£ miles from 
 Thomastown, in the neighbourhood 
 of Carrick-on-Suir. It is of consider- 
 able size, and respectably inhabited. 
 Near it is the residence of Belleisle. 
 
 PILLTOWN, a village in the parish 
 of Kinsalebeg, county of Waterford, 
 on the Black water, near Youghall. 
 This place was the residence of the 
 infamous Judge Walsh, the concocter 
 of the forged commission in favour of 
 the rebels in the reign of Charles I., 
 which was the cause of many of the 
 calamities of that unfortunate Mo- 
 narch, connected with Irish affairs. 
 The atrocious conduct of this man 
 was not discovered till after the Re- 
 storation. 
 
 PLAISKIN8, the highest and most 
 beautiful of the cliffs, about a mile 
 and a half from Giant’s Causeway. 
 See Giant’s Causeway. 
 
 POBBLEBRIEN, a Barony in the 
 county of Limerick, bounded by the 
 Shannon, and divided into eleven pa- 
 rishes. 
 
 POBBLE-O’KEEFE, the name of 
 an extensive tract, consisting of 9000 
 statute acres, on the confines of the 
 counties of Cork, Limerick, and Kerry, 
 nearly midway between Millstreet, 
 Castle Island, and Newmarket. Ex- 
 tensive works have been carried on by 
 Government in reclaiming the waste 
 lands of thi* district since 1822. 
 
 POE, a tributary of the Strule, in 
 the county of Tyrone, two miles from 
 Ormagh. 
 
 POLEROAN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Iverk, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, on 
 the Suir. Population in 1831, 1245. 
 Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 POLLARDSTOWN, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of East 
 Ophaly, county and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare. Population in 1831, 278. Post- 
 town, Kildare. 
 
 POMEROY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Dungannon, county 
 of Tyrone, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh . The village of Pomeroy is four 
 miles from Dungannon, county of Ty- 
 
POR THE GAZETTEER POR 
 
 rone, on the outskirts of an extensive 
 tract of mountain, bog, and moor. 
 Near it is the residence of Pomeroy 
 House. Fairs are held on the 1st of 
 June, 11th of November, and second 
 Tuesday of each month, except No- 
 vember. 
 
 PONTOON, a neck of land which 
 separates Loughs Conn and Cullen, 
 county of Mayo, six miles from Bal- 
 lina, on the road to Castlebar. The 
 Inn here was erected by the Earl of 
 Lucan for the accommodation of 
 tourists in this wild mountain district. 
 
 POOLANASS. See Glendalough. 
 
 POOLNASHERRY, a creek near 
 Kilrush, in the county of Clare, much 
 frequented by boats for procuring 
 fuel from the adjacent bogs of Lime- 
 rick. 
 
 PORT, a parish, vicarage, and vil- 
 lage, in the Barony of Ferrard, county 
 of Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 on the coast. Population in 1831, 809. 
 Post-town, Dunleer. 
 
 PORTACLOY, a small fishing vil- 
 lage in the parish of Kilcommon, 
 county of Mayo, opposite the Stags 
 of Broadhaven. It is a coast-guard 
 station. 
 
 PORTADOWN, an improving 
 town in the parish of Drumcree, 
 county of Armagh, upwards of three 
 Irish miles from Gilford, on the Up- 
 per Bann, and communicating with 
 the Newry Canal, which is about a 
 mile distant. This town is a con- 
 siderable thoroughfare, and has the 
 advantage of a fine bridge over the 
 Bann. Here is a large distillery, and 
 extensive sales of grain and agri- 
 cultural produce are effected at the 
 weekly markets. Fairs are held on 1 
 the 8th of June, and on the third Sa- 
 turday of each month. The Bann is 
 here navigable for vessels of 60 tons. 
 Population in 1831, 1591. 
 
 PORTAFERRY, a sea-port in the 
 parish of Ba'.lyphilip, county of Down, 
 on the east shore of the entrance to 
 Strangford Lough, and a regular 
 ferry to the village of Strangford, 
 which is less than a mile broad. 
 This improving place carries on a 
 688 
 
 considerable trade with Glasgow and 
 Liverpool. Portaferry owes its ori- 
 gin to the castle now in ruins, erected 
 by DeCourcy, in the demesne of Porta- 
 ferry House. Population in 1831, 
 2203. 
 
 PORTARLINGTON, a market 
 town and parliamentary borough in 
 the Barony of Portnehinch, parish of 
 Lea, Queen’s County, and partly in 
 the Barony of Upper Philipstown, 
 parish of Geashill, of which Clone- 
 horke is a dependency, King’s Coun- 
 ty, and Diocese of Kildare. The town 
 derives its name from Lord Arlington, 
 who received a grant of the estate 
 from Charles II., and the word Port 
 was prefixed in consequence of its 
 having been a small landing place on 
 the river Barrow, which divides it 
 into unequal parts, the larger on the 
 right bank being in Queen’s County. 
 Portarlington is 44 English miles 
 south-west from Dublin by Naas and 
 Monastereven, and about twelve Eng- 
 lish miles north-east of Maryborough. 
 Few Irish towns present such a re- 
 spectable appearance in the regularity 
 and cleanliness of the streets, the 
 comfortable circumstances of the in- 
 habitants, the numerous villas, gar- 
 dens and pleasant parks in the vicinity. 
 This town is the constant residence of 
 numbers of genteel private families ; 
 and many of the houses are built of 
 stone and slated, though upwards of 
 two-thirds are still thatched. The 
 Barrow is crossed by two bridges, 
 and the town principally consists of 
 one main street about two miles in 
 length, the centre of which is occu- 
 pied by the parish church, the houses 
 on each side large and well built, and 
 in some parts paved or flagged by pri- 
 vate subscript’ on. There are two 
 parish churches, or more properly 
 chapels, those of St Michael and St 
 Paul, or as they are sometimes desig- 
 nated, the English and the French , 
 from having been used by English 
 and French settlers, and both erected 
 by Rou vigny Earl of Galway, to whom 
 the estates held by Lord Arlington 
 had reverted. The English church 
 
POR OF IRELAND. POR 
 
 has a very elegant spire, as has also 
 the commodious Roman Catholic 
 chapel, its spire being 140 feet high, 
 and there is a Methodist meeting- 
 house. The largest of three rooms 
 over the Market or Town-House is 
 occasionally appropriated to assem- 
 blies. Numbers of the inhabitants of 
 Portarlington are descended from 
 French and German emigrants settled 
 here by Lord Arlington after the Re- 
 storation, When the town took its 
 rise, and William III. also moved a 
 colony of French hither from Hol- 
 land. A branch of the Grand Canal 
 passes near, but there is little trade 
 or commerce, the town being a gen- 
 teel place, and the inhabitants appar- 
 ently caring little for the hazards of 
 mercantile pursuits. Among the few 
 works carried on are a tan-yard, and 
 tobacco, soap, and candle manufac- 
 tories, the rest of the trade being re- 
 tail; the corn and general market is 
 on Wednesday, the meal market on 
 Saturday; and* eight annual fairs are 
 held for the sale of horned cattle, 
 
 | horses, sheep, and pigs. Portarling- 
 ton is noted for its extraordinary 
 • number of public-houses and whisky- 
 shops; and if they-are all*equally en- 
 couraged, the people of the neigh- 
 bourhood must be devoted followers 
 of Sir John Barleycorn, unless Father 
 Mathew has made a visitation of the 
 town. There are a very excellent 
 Savings Bank, a Loan Fund, and a 
 Mendicity Society. The town is in 
 great repute for its schools, at which 
 many eminent men have received the 
 rudiments of their education, among 
 whom maybe mentioned the Duke of 
 Wellington, and his eldest brother 
 the Marquis Wellesley. In 1835 the 
 number of schools in the parishes of 
 Lea and Geashill was 35, educating 
 1108 boys and 872 girls, and an adult' 
 school of 129 scholars. Five of the 
 schools were then in connection with 
 the National Board of Education, four 
 were partly supported by the London 
 Ladies’ Society or London Hibernian 
 Society, and six were partly supported 
 by private subscription. Three of 
 689 
 
 the private schools were classical 
 schools for boys, and two were of a 
 superior kind for girls. Portarling- 
 ton was incorporated in 1667 ; court 
 leets, and baron and record courts, 
 are held under the Lord of the Manor, 
 petty sessions by the county magi- 
 strates ; and a small party of the coun- 
 ty constables are generally stationed 
 here. By the Municipal Act, the 
 style of the Corporation is the Sove- 
 reign, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of the 
 Borough and Town of Portarlington. 
 The town returned two members to 
 the Irish Parliament before the Union, 
 and it is now represented by one mem- 
 ber in the Imperial Parliament, the 
 franchise having been extended, and 
 the limits of the borough defined, by 
 the Irish Reform and Boundary Acts ; 
 constituency in 1841-2, 188. Portar- 
 lington gives the title of Earl, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Dawson, a part of whose beau- 
 tiful demesne of Emo and large 
 estates environ the town. William 
 Henry Dawson, Esq., M.P. for Portar- 
 lington, lineally descended from Mar- 
 mad uke D’Ossone, a Norman noble- 
 man in the train of William the Con- 
 queror, and grandson of Wiiliam 
 Dawson, Esq., the first of the family 
 who resided in Ireland, was created 
 Baron Dawson, of Dawson’s Court, 
 Queen’s County, in 1770, and Viscount 
 Carlow in 1776. He was succeeded 
 by his eldest son John, second Vis- 
 count, who was advanced to the dig- 
 nity of Earl of Portarlington in 1785. 
 Population in 1831, 3091. 
 
 PORTCOON, a remarkable cave 
 about a quarter of a mile west of the 
 Giant’s Causeway. 
 
 PORTERIN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Athlone, county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin, 
 on Lough Ree. Post-town, Roscom- 
 mon. 
 
 PORTGLENONE, a small town in 
 the parish of Ahoghill, county of An- 
 trim, on the Bann river, which is 
 crossed by an elegant bridge, uniting 
 the counties of Antrim and London- 
 derry. It qhiefiy consists of one 
 
p0R THE GAZETTEER POR 
 
 street terminated by this bridge, and 
 containing several well-built houses. 
 Some weaving is carried on in the 
 town and neighbourhood, and a little 
 trade on the Bann by lighters, which 
 convey grain, slates, timber, and other 
 articles; but Portglenone might be- 
 come a thriving place by the removal 
 of the impediments in the naviga- 
 tion of the river, which retard its 
 prosperity, and injure the adjacent dis- 
 trict. In the vicinity is Portglenone 
 House, a splendid mansion, and built 
 by the Most Reverend Nathaniel Alex- 
 ander, D.D„ Bishop of Meath, cousin 
 bf the Right Hon. Dupre Alexander, 
 second Earl of Caledon, and the seat 
 of his son, Nathaniel Alexander, Esq., 
 in 1841 Member of Parliament for 
 the county of Antrim. Fairs are held 
 at Portglenone on the first Tuesday 
 of each month, and also on the last 
 Tuesday but one in May. The 
 town is upwards of nine * Irish miles 
 from Randalstown, and eight miles 
 from Kilrea. Population in 1831, 
 773. 
 
 PORTL AW, a village in the parish 
 of Guilcagh, county of Waterford, near 
 Curraghmore, which is four miles 1 
 from Carrick-on-Suir, the large man- | 
 sion of the Marquis of Waterford, j 
 one of the finest demesnes in Ireland. 
 The mountain stream called the 
 Clodagh runs through the park, and 
 at Portlaw gives impulse to the ma- 
 chinery of Messrs Malcomson’s cot- 
 ton, spinning, and weaving factory, 
 one of the most extensive in this 
 quarter of the kingdom, at which 900 
 persons are constantly employed. The 
 village of Portlaw is straggling, and 
 chiefly inhabited by persons connected 
 with the factory. Near it is the re- 
 sidence of Mayfield House. Popula- 
 ' tion in 1831, 1618. 
 
 PORTLEMON, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Corkaree, coun- 
 ty of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath, on the banks of Lough Owhel. 
 On the shore of the lake is Portle- 
 mon, the residence of Lord de Bla- 
 quiere. The remains of the old de- 
 mesne of Portneshangan are also on 
 690 
 
 i 
 
 the lakes. Population in 1831, 412. 
 Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 PORTLICK, a beautiful locality on 
 the Lough Ree expansion of the 
 Shannon, county of Roscommon. 
 
 PORTMAGEE, a village and head- 
 land bounding the southern entrance 
 of the noble harbour of Valentia, 
 county of Kerry. 
 
 PORTMARNOCK, a parish and 
 curacy in the Barony of Coolock, 
 county of Dublin. From the little 
 estuary of Portmarnock a sandy beach 
 extends along the flat shore to Mala- 
 hide. Population in 1831, 448. Post- 
 town, Dublin. 
 
 PORTMORE (LOUGH). See Bal- 
 
 LINDERRY. 
 
 PORTNEHINCH, a Barony of the 
 Queen’s County, divided into three 
 parishes, and containing part of the 
 town of Portarlington. 
 
 PORTNEHINCH BRIDGE, a small 
 village four miles from Portarling- 
 ton, in the parish of Lea, on the Bar- 
 row, which is here crossed by a 
 bridge. In the vicinity is the resi- 
 dence of Portnehinch. 
 
 PORTNE SCULLY, a parish and 
 1 vicarage in the Barony of Iverk, 
 j county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 1 Ossory, on the Suir. Population in 
 1831, 1084. Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 PORTNESHANGAN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Corkaree, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese ol 
 Meath, on Lough Owhel, adjoining 
 the parish of P or tlemon. Population 
 in 1831, 463. Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 PORTNORR1S, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Mullabrack, county of Ar- 
 magh, about eight miles from Newry. 
 on the road to Armagh. A fair is 
 held on the second Monday of each 
 month. 
 
 PORTRANE, a parish and curacy, 
 with a small fishing village and quay, 
 in the Barony of Nethercross, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. In the 
 vicinity is the residence of Portrane 
 House* Population in 1831, 725. Post- 
 town, Swords. 
 
 PORTRUE, a village in the parish 
 of Castletown- Arra, county of Tip- 
 
j p0R OF IRELAND. pow 
 
 perarv, six miles from Nenagh. Se- 
 veral fairs are held, and here is the 
 Roman Catholic parochial chapel. 
 
 PORTRUSH, a small sea-port in 
 the parish of Ballywillan, county of 
 Antrim, two miles east of Port-Stew- 
 art, and four miles from Coleraine, 
 the property of a company of mer- 
 chants in the latter town, to which it 
 may he considered an outport. It is 
 picturesquely situated on a small creek 
 protected by a rocky peninsula of ba- 
 ; salt running into the sea, and is a fa- 
 vourite summer bathing resort. The 
 
 harbour is greatly enlarged, and se- 
 veral steamers sail from this port to 
 Derry, Liverpool, and Glasgow. Ves- 
 ! sels of the largest class can load and 
 discharge in safety, under shelter of 
 j the piers, in 20 feet low- water at 
 spring-tides. The harbour is inclosed 
 i by two piers, the northern 402 feet and 
 | the southern 230 feet. The exports 
 and imports of Portrush are included 
 1 in those of Coleraine. From the pro- 
 : menade on the rocks extensive views 
 are obtained of the Giant’s Causeway 
 on the*east, and Macgilligan Point and 
 Ennishowen Head on the west. 
 
 PORT-STEW ART, a pleasant and 
 agreeable sea-bathing little town, 
 i about four Irish miles from Coleraine, 
 
 and two miles west of Portrush. This 
 
 i place is now well frequented, and has 
 ' good summer accommodation for vi- 
 sitors. Adjoining is the demesne of 
 Cromore, the residence of one of the 
 i principal proprietors. The celebrated 
 Wesleyan Methodist preacher, Dr 
 Adam Clarke, was born in the neigh- 
 bourhood. A fair is held on the first 
 Monday of August. 
 
 PORTUMNA, a small town in 
 the parish of Lickmolashy, county of 
 Galway, on the Shannon, eleven miles 
 from Parsonstown, on the road to 
 Scariff. The river is crossed from 
 1 Tipperary county into that of Galway 
 by a wooden bridge, including the 
 causeway, 820 feet long. Portumna 
 is a most extraordinary assemblage of 
 long lines of cabins, and is a great 
 1 thoroughfare, though it has little 
 trade. It has a parish church, which 
 691 
 
 was the choir of an old friary church, 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, and an In- 
 fantry Barrack. The baronial castle 
 of Portumna, of great antiquity, was 
 accidentally burnt in 1826. The de- 
 mesne of the Marquis of Clanrickarde, 
 the proprietor of the town, extends 
 along the shores of Lough Derg. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1122. 
 
 PORT-TURLING, a coast-guard 
 station near Balderig, on the north- 
 west coast of Mayo. 
 
 POWERSCOURT, a magnificent 
 seat and demesne in the county of 
 Wicklow, which give the title of Vis- 
 count, in the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the Noble Family of Wingfield, ten 
 Irish miles from Dublin, near Ennis- 
 kerry, on the road to Glendalough. 
 This demesne, which is justly cele- 
 brated for its beautiful scenery, ex- 
 tends over a space of about 1400 acres, 
 700 of which surround the mansion, 
 500 are in the glen of the W aterfall, and 
 the remainder in the vale of the Dargle. 
 The chief entrance is by a lofty gate- 
 way of cut stone on the summit of 
 Enniskerry Hill. The mansion of 
 
 Powerscourt-House is on an eminence 
 overlooking the river, and is a large 
 and stately edifice of cut stone, from 
 a design by Mr Cassels. In the splen- 
 did and princely hall George IV. was 
 entertained at dinner by Viscount 
 Powerscourt, on the day of his em- 
 barkation at Kingstown in 1821. Be- 
 hind the mansion is afield of 64 planta- 
 tion acres of tillage called Hampshire , 
 reclaimed and laid down as a race- 
 course by a former Viscount, when 
 famine was ravaging the district, that 
 he might afford employment to the 
 starving poor. The Waterfall in this 
 delightful demesne is an object of 
 great attraction. Sir Richard Wing- 
 field, Knight, descended from an an-^ 
 cient and honourable family in Suf- 
 folk, fourth in lineal descent from Sir 
 John Wingfield, who is said to have 
 served under the Black Prince, mar- 
 ' ried the only daughter of Sir William 
 Fitzwilliam of Milltown, and sister of 
 Sir William Lord-Deputy of Ireland. 
 Sir Richard, the elder son of this mar- 
 
POY 
 
 PUR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 riage, commenced his military ca- 
 reer under his uncle against the Irish 
 rebels, and was appointed Marshal of 
 Ireland by Queen Elizabeth in 1600. 
 This office was confirmed to him by 
 James I., and he was created Viscount 
 Power scourt in 1618. His Lordship 
 died without issue in 1634, and the 
 Peerage became extinct ; but the 
 estates devolved to his cousin, Sir 
 Richard Wingfield, in the person of 
 whose grandson the Peerage was re- 
 vived by patent in 1665. This No- 
 bleman also died without issue in 
 1717, the Peerage became extinct, and 
 the estates passed to his cousin, Ed- 
 ward Wingfield, Esq., Barrister-at- 
 Law, whose only son Richard was 
 created BaronWingfield and Viscount 
 Powerscourt in 1743. 
 
 POWERSCOURT, in which is the 
 above demesne, formerly Stagonill, 
 a parish, rectory and corps of a pre- 
 bend, in the Half Barony of Rath- 
 down, county of Wicklow, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. Population in 
 1831, 4375. 
 
 PO WERSTO WN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Gow- 
 ran, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Leighlin. The village of its name 
 is five miles from Gowran. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1718. 
 
 POYNTZ-PASS, or Fenwick’s 
 Pass, a small town partly in the pa- 
 rishes of Aghaderg, county of Down, 
 and Ballymore, county of Armagh, 
 three miles from Loughbrickland, on 
 the banks of the Newry Canal. This 
 neighbourhood was formerly an en- 
 cumbered pass through bogs and 
 woods, but it is now beautiful and 
 fertile. This was anciently an im- 
 portant position, and derives its name 
 from Lieutenant Poyntz, who here 
 fought a desperate action at the head 
 of a few English troops against a nu- 
 merous body of Tyrone’s forces, for 
 defeating whom he was rewarded with 
 500 acres in the Barony. The town 
 consists of a principal street inter- 
 692 
 
 sected by a shorter one, and contains 
 the parish church for the Union of 
 Acton, enlarged and improved in 1829, 
 and a Roman Catholic chapel and 
 school. That part of the town in the 
 county of Armagh was built in 1790 
 by Mr Stewart, then proprietor, who 
 obtained a grant of a market and fairs, 
 the latter only observed, and held 
 on the first Saturday of every month. 
 These fairs are well attended, and 
 numbers of sheep and cattle are sold. 
 To the south of the town is the ele- 
 gant residence of Drumbanagher 
 Lodge ; A cton House is a handsome 
 villa ; and Union Lodge is in a beau- 
 tifixl demesne bounded by Lough 
 Shark. Fairs are held at Poyntz- 
 Pass on the first Saturday of every 
 month. 
 
 PREBAUN, or Preban, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Balli- 
 nacor, county of Wicklow, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns. Population in 1831, 
 1095. Post-town, Tinahely. 
 
 PRIEST’S LEAP, a conspicuous 
 mountain in the county of Kerry, 
 from which a chain of hills stretches 
 eastward to the valley of the Flesk. 
 
 PRIOR, a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Iveragh, county of Kerry, 
 and united Dioceses of Ardfert and 
 Aghadoe, on the north side of Bal- 
 linaskelligs Bay. Population in 1831, 
 3176. Post-town, Cahirciveen. 
 
 PRIOR, a small village in the pa- 
 rish of Castle-Conway, six miles from 
 Milltown, county of Kerry. 
 
 PROSPEROUS, a poor decayed 
 village, which ought rather to be 
 named Misery, in the parish of Kil- 
 lybegs, county of Kildare, two miles 
 from Clane. The cotton-factory, esta- 
 blished by Captain Brook in 1780, is 
 abandoned. Population in 1831, 1038. 
 
 PUCKANE, a village in the parish 
 of Killiodiernan, county of Tipperary, 
 five miles from Nenagh, near the 
 Shannon. 
 
 PURPLE MOUNTAIN. SeeKiL- 
 
 LARNEY. 
 
QUE OF IRELAND. QUE 
 
 Q. 
 
 QUAKER’S ISLAND, or Inch- 
 clorin, a small island in the Lough 
 Ree expansion of the Shannon. This 
 picturesque Island lies off the Long- 
 ford shore of the lake, and contains 
 the ruins of seven churches and mo- 
 nasteries, in one of which the clois- 
 ters and refectory are in tolerable 
 preservation, and some of the win- 
 dows are in beautiful proportion. 
 The ruins are for the most part 
 clustered together among trees to- 
 wards the southern end of the Island, 
 but one church with a square steeple 
 occupies an eminence in the centre. 
 The Island derives its local name of 
 Quaker Island, from its having been 
 for several years the residence of a 
 Quaker, who held a profitable farm 
 on it, and was wont to eulogize the 
 salubrity of the climate. 
 
 QUEENSBOROUGH, a neat vil- 
 lage on the banks of the Boyne, about 
 three miles from Drogheda, near 
 which is the residence of Beaulieu. 
 
 QUEEN’S COUNTY, a county in 
 the Province of Leinster, bounded on 
 the north-west and north by King’s 
 County, on the east by a detached 
 portion of that county and by Kildare, 
 on the south-east by the county of 
 Carlow, on the south by the county of 
 Kilkenny, and on the south-west by 
 the county of Tipperary. The greatest 
 length from opposite the town of Car- 
 low, east by south and west by north 
 to the neighbourhood of Rosscrea in 
 Tipperary, is 37 English miles ; and the 
 greatest breadth, from the vicinity of 
 Killeigh village in King’s County to 
 the junction with the counties of 
 Tipperary and Kilkenny, is 33 miles. 
 The area is estimated at 744 English 
 miles, or 476,181 acres ; but another 
 authority reduces the area to 620 
 English miles, or 396,810 acres, of 
 which 313,935 are cultivated, and 55,982 
 693 
 
 are unimproved bog and mountain. 
 The county, which is comprehended 
 in the Dioceses of Leighlin, Ossory, 
 and Kildare, is divided into nine Ba- 
 ronies— 1. Ballyadams, in the east; 
 2. Stradbally, also in the east; 3. 
 Portnehinch, in the north-east ; 4. 
 Slievemargy, in the south-east; 5. 
 Cullinagh, in the south ; 6. Mary- 
 borough East, in the centre ; 7. Mary- 
 borough West, also in the centre ; 8. 
 Tinnehinch, in the north-w r est ; 9. Up- 
 per Ossory, in the west and south- 
 west. The county and assize town is 
 Maryborough. The county was form- 
 ed at the time the adjacent district of 
 Ophaly was made shire ground, and 
 both were named respectively Queen’s 
 County and King’s County, in honour 
 of the then sovereign Queen Mary, 
 and her husband Philip of Spain, and 
 the towns designated Maryborough 
 and Philipstown. 
 
 The Slieve-bloom range of moun- 
 tains occupy the north-western por- 
 tion of the county, and partly form 
 the boundary with King’s County. 
 They also separate the basin of the 
 Shannon from those of the Barrow 
 and the Suir. The frontiers of the 
 group which extend from south-west 
 to north-east are known as the Gar- 
 rinbawn Mountains, the Glandine 
 Mountains, through which is the nar- 
 row defile into King’s County called 
 the Pass of Glandine, and the Capard 
 Mountain. The Dysart Hills, which 
 occupy the south-eastern part of the 
 county, and consist of isolated hills 
 picturesquely wooded at the base, se- 
 parate the valley of the Barrow from 
 that of its tributary the Nore, which, 
 however, does not enter the Barrow 
 till long after it has left the county. 
 With the exception of a small portion 
 on the wfest belonging to the basin of 
 the Shannon, the greater part of 
 
QUE THE GAZETTEER QUE 
 
 Queen’s County, generally flat, or va- 
 ried by undulations, belongs to the 
 oasin of the Barrow, which has a 
 course through it and on the border 
 of about 55 miles. Most of the coun- 
 ty is also included in the great lime- 
 stone district of Ireland ; and the coal 
 field, which occupies a portion of 
 this limestone formation, by which It 
 is surrounded, extends into Kilkenny. 
 The coal burns with little flame, con- 
 suming slowly, but emitting a strong 
 heat. It is described as not well 
 adapted for domestic use, but excellent 
 for malting purposes, forges, and iron- 
 works. The rivers, exclusive of the 
 Barrow and the Nore, are the Little 
 Brosna and its tributary the Clodagh. 
 Lough Annagh, a small lake on the 
 northern border, is the only sheet of 
 water. 
 
 A branch of the Grand Canal en- 
 ters the county at Monastereven, 
 where it divides into two branches, 
 one running westward to Mountmel- 
 lick, and the other, known as the Athy 
 Canal, carried southward to Athy. 
 The projected railway from Dublin 
 to Limerick passes through the coun- 
 ty by Maryborough, and also that to 
 Kilkenny from Dublin by Naas and 
 Athy, keeping the west bank of the 
 Barrow, and connected by a line across 
 the county from Kilkenny to Mary- 
 borough by Ballyragget. The roads 
 are numerous, and those leading to 
 the several market towns are well laid 
 out and in good condition ; but some 
 of the cross-roads, and those in the 
 remote parts, are very indifferent. 
 Great improvements are, however, 
 in progress. The bridge at Tinne- 
 hinch, in the Barony so called, was 
 rebuilt in 1841. In that year a 
 bridge was erected at Gardendenny ; 
 another on the road from Mary- 
 borough to Carlow, across the Bar- 
 row, at the cost of L.2000, between 
 the Barrow Company’s yard and Bra- 
 ganza ; and a third on the road from 
 Stradbally to Castlecomer, all in the 
 Barony of Slievemargy. 
 
 Between the Slieve-bloom Moun- 
 tains and the Dysart Hills, in the cen. 
 
 694 
 
 tral part of the county, are numerous 
 bogs and much cold wet ground, most 
 of which could be profitably reclaim- 
 ed, were it not for the poverty of 
 the tenants, and the want of any as- 
 sistance from the landlords. These 
 causes also operate against the proper 
 draining of considerable tracts under 
 cultivation. Yet great improvements 
 have been effected by some of the pro- 
 prietors. The system of con-acres is 
 very prevalent throughout the coun- 
 ty, but the number of middlemen is 
 diminishing. Grazing farms are not 
 numerous, and the land is not con- 
 sidered to be adapted for that pur- 
 pose. Cattle, however, are fattened 
 for exportation, and the breed of sheep, 
 a cross between the Leicester and the 
 native Irish, is considerable. The 
 increased intercourse with England 
 has greatly improved the dairy pro- 
 duce. Most of the farm buildings 
 are in a wretched state, and the ca- 
 bins of the peasantry are in some parts 
 truly miserable. Many have no win- 
 dows, and others only an unglazed 
 opening, blocked up in cold or wet 
 weather by straw or a shutter. The 
 inmates often sleep on straw, hay, or 
 rushes, and have little or no furni- 
 ture. Their dress is generally of the 
 worst description, and many of the ! 
 children, especially the boys, are half j 
 naked, and go barefooted. Wages are , 
 very low, constant labourers getting 
 only about sixpence a-day with diet , 
 which consists of potatoes and milk, 
 and sometimes stir-about , or oatmeal 
 porridge. The labouring population 
 far exceed the means of employment, 
 and great distress prevails among 
 them from the beginning of June till 
 the harvest, during which the shifts 
 they adopt to sustain existence are 
 almost incredible. 
 
 Queen’s County is included in the 
 Home Circuit. The history and an- 
 tiquities of the district are of no great 
 general interest. The expenses are 
 defrayed by Grand Jury present- 
 ments, which may average L. 20, 000 
 i per annum. The county returns two 
 members to Parliament ; constituency 
 
RAG OF IRELAND. RAH 
 
 in 1841-2, 1657. Population in 1831, 
 145,851. 
 
 QUEENSTOWN. See Killi. 
 
 NEY. 
 
 QUIN, or Ogashin, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Bunratty, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Killa- 
 loe. The village of Quin is five miles 
 from Ennis on the Quin, a tribu- 
 tary stream of the Fergus. Here 
 are the beautiful and very entire 
 ruins of Quin Abbey founded in the 
 fifteenth century, the remains of an 
 old church, a modern parish church, 
 and a Roman Catholic chapel. Near 
 the Abbey is the residence of Quin- 
 ville, on the estate of which valuable 
 lead mines were opened in 1835 ; and 
 in the neighbourhood of Quin are the 
 villas of Hazlewood, Dangan, and 
 Knockpogue. Population of parish 
 in 1831,2918. 
 
 QUINCE, or Squince, an inhabited 
 island belonging to the parish of My- 
 ross, county of Cork, near the en- 
 trance of Glendore Harbour. 
 
 QUINTON BAY, a bay on the coast 
 of Down east of Tara Bay, about four 
 miles from Portaferry. On the shore 
 are the trifling remains of a castle 
 built by some of the followers of De 
 Courcy. 
 
 QUOILE, a stream in the county 
 of Down, which enters Lough Strang- 
 ford about a mile below the town of 
 Downpatrick. A quay is constructed 
 at the mouth of this river, at which 
 vessels of considerable burden load 
 and discharge cargoes. 
 
 QUOLAGII, a village in the parish 
 of Kilcotarn, county of Cork, on the 
 bay of its name, at the south side of 
 the entrance of the Kenmare River. 
 Post-town, Castletown. 
 
 R. 
 
 RABBIT ISLAND, a small fertile 
 inhabited island belonging to the pa- 
 rish of Myross, county of Cork, in 
 Glandore Harbour. 
 
 RAC AVAN, or Rathcavan, a pa- 
 rish and rectory in the Barony and 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor. Population in 1831, 4479. 
 Post-town, Ballymena. 
 
 RACKLEBIRN, or Rackibirn, 
 an Island belonging to the parish of 
 Glen-Columbkill, county of Donegal , 
 in the Atlantic, on the north side of 
 the entrance into Donegal Bay. 
 
 RADDONSTOWN, also Balrad- 
 dan, a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Upper Deece, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. Population in 1831, 
 C51. Post-town, Kilcock. 
 
 RAGHAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Fermoy, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on the 
 Blackwater. Population in 1831,3781. 
 Post-town, Mallow. 
 
 RAGHAN, a parish and vicarage 
 695 
 
 in the Barony of Ballycowan, King’s 
 County, and Diocese of Meath. The 
 small village of Raghan is four miles 
 from Tullamore. Here are two Je- 
 suit seminaries. Population in 1831, 
 4032. 
 
 RAGHTINMORE, the highest of 
 the bleak and sterile mountains on 
 the east side of Lough Swilly, county 
 of Donegal, rising 1656 feet above the 
 level of the sea. 
 
 RAHARROW, or Raparagh, a 
 parish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Athlone, county of Roscommon, and 
 Diocese of Elphin, in which is the 
 village of Gurtnamansagh. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1630. 
 
 RAHELTY, a parish and impro- 
 priate rectory in the Barony of Elio- 
 garty, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 1174. Post-town, Thurles. 
 
 RAHENY, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Coolock, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. The pictu- 
 
RAI THE GAZETTEER RAL ! 
 
 resque village of Raheny, or Raheny- 
 Strand, four miles from Dublin, on 
 the road to Howth Harbour, is a fa- 
 vourite bathing resort, at the mouth 
 of a rivulet which enters Dublin Bay. 
 It consists of numbers of neat cot- 
 tages, and contains the parish church 
 and an elegant school-house. In the 
 vicinity are several beautiful demesnes 
 and villas, particularly those desig- 
 nated Violet Hill and Swan’s Nest. 
 Population in 1831, 612. 
 
 R A HILL, a parish and impropriate 
 curacy in the Barony of Rathville, 
 county of Carlow, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin. Post-town, Baltinglass. 
 
 RAHINE, or Raheen, a village 
 near Bruff, county of Limerick. 
 
 RAHINE (LOUGH). See Castle- 
 bar. 
 
 RAHOLP, a village three miles 
 from Downpatrick, on the road to 
 Strangford. 
 
 RAHOON, a parish and rectory 
 partly in the Barony of Moycullen, 
 but chiefly in the county of the town 
 of Galway, on Galway Bay. A large 
 school for girls is here conducted by 
 nuns. Population in 1831,14,135. Post- 
 town, Galway. 
 
 RAHUE, or Rathugh, a parochial 
 chapelry in the Barony of Moycashel, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. 
 
 RAILWAY (Belfast and Cave- 
 hill), extends from Belfast Harbour 
 to the stone quarries at Cavehill, a 
 distance of two miles. The Act was 
 passed in 1832, and the Railway was 
 opened in September 1840. Loco- 
 motive engines are allowed, and the 
 guage is 4 feet 8£ inches. This Rail- 
 way is chiefly used for the conveyance 
 of stone. The original capital was 
 L. 10,000, increased in 1841 toL.38,200. 
 
 RAILWAY (Cork and Passage), 
 extends from the city of Cork to Pass- 
 age, at the entrance of Cork Harbour, 
 a distance of 6£ miles. Locomotive 
 engines allowed. The original capital 
 is L. 266,000. This Railway is prin- 
 
 cipally designed for the conveyance 
 of passengers to a steam-packet pier 
 to and from Cork, but it w as not in 
 y., 696 
 
 progress in November 1840. The Act 
 was passed in 1837. 
 
 RAILWAY (Dublin and Drog- 
 heda), was authorised by Act of Par- 
 liament in 1836, and extends from the 
 Custom-House Quay, Dublin, to Drog- 
 heda, a distance of 32 miles. Loco, 
 motive engines are allowed. The 
 original capital was L. 800, 000, re- 
 duced by Act of Parliament in 1840 to 
 L. 600, 000. This Railway is for pas- 
 
 sengers and general traffic. 
 
 RAILWAY (Dublin and Kings- 
 town), was authorised by Act of Par- 
 liament in 1831, and opened in De- 
 cember 1834. It extends 5f miles, 
 and is for passengers and general traf- 
 fic. Locomotive engines are allowed, 
 and the guage is 4 feet 8£ inches. 
 The original capital is L.270,000. 
 
 RAILWAY (Dundalk), was au- 
 thorised by Act of Parliament in 1837, 
 and commenced in May 1839. It ex- 
 tends from Dundalk, in the county of 
 Louth, to Ballibay, in the county of 
 Monaghan, . a distance of 24 miles. 
 This Railway is worked by horses, 
 and is intended for passengers and 
 general traffic. The original capital 
 is L. 132, 000. 
 
 RAILWAY (Great Leinster and 
 Munster), was authorised in 1837, 
 and the land required was agreed for 
 in 1840. It extends from Dublin by 
 Naas, Athy, and Carlow, to Kilkenny, 
 a distance of 73£ miles, and is intend- 
 ed for passengers and general traffic. 
 Locomotive engines allowed. The 
 original capital is L.1,085,000. 
 
 RAILWAY (Ulster), was autho- 
 rised in 1836, and partly opened in 
 1839. It extends from near Durham 
 Street, Belfast, by Lisburn and Porta- 
 down to Armagh, a distance of 36 
 miles. Locomotive engines allowed. 
 This Railway is intended for passen- 
 gers and general traffic. The original 
 capital is L.800,000. The traffic on 
 the portion opened for the w eek end- 
 ing 6th December 1840 was L.153, Is. ; 
 passengers, 5645. 
 
 RALOO, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Belfast, county of An- 
 trim, and Diocese of Connor, constitut- 
 
RAM 
 
 OP IRELAND. 
 
 RAN 
 
 in g part of the corps of the Deanery. 
 Population in 1831, 2171. Post-town, 
 Larne. 
 
 RAMELTON, or Rathmelton, a 
 small town in the parish of Aghnish, 
 county of Donegal, six Irish miles 
 from Letterkenny on the road to Ra- 
 mullen, on the Leanane, which at a 
 short distance enters Lough Swilly. It 
 contains a neat parish church, a Me- 
 thodist and two Presbyterian meet- 
 ing-houses. The Roman Catholic 
 chapel is at some distance. The linen 
 manufacture is the chief avocation, 
 and there are extensive corn-mills, 
 stores, a brewery, and bleach-greens. 
 Ramelton is a thriving little town, 
 picturesquely situated in a romantic 
 locality. It contains several good 
 houses, and two inns at which cars 
 can be hired. Some exports are made 
 in such small vessels as can sail up 
 the harbour. Fairs are held on the 
 10th of March, 19th of May, 17th of 
 July, 13th of October, 15th of Novem- 
 ber, and 22d of December. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1783. 
 
 R AMO AN, or Ramoran, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Carey, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, a part of the corps of the 
 Chancellorship of that Diocese, on the 
 coast. Population in 1831, 4739. Post- 
 town, Ballycastle. 
 
 RAMOR (LOUGH), a lake on the 
 south-east boundary of the county of 
 Cavan, of a semicircular form, four 
 English miles in length by one in 
 breadth, the surface diversified by 
 islets, most of which are planted. 
 Near the centre of the shore of the 
 lake is the small town of Virginia, and 
 the western shores are ornamented by 
 the plantations of the Marquis of 
 Headford’s deer-park, which stretch 
 two miles around. 
 
 RAMSGRANGE, a village in the 
 parish of St James, county of Wex- 
 ford, nine miles from New Ross. 
 
 RAM’S ISLAND. See Glenavy 
 and Lough Neagh. 
 
 RAMULLEN, a small town in the 
 parish of Kilgarvan, county of Done- 
 gal, five Irish miles from Ramelton, 
 697 
 
 j the road between which is on the 
 j shore of Lough Swilly, passing the 
 demesne of Fort- Stewart (Stewart, 
 Bart.), near the ferry on Lough Swilly, 
 in which demesne are the ruins of 
 Killydonell Abbey. Ramullen con- 
 sists of a single street, and contains 
 the parish church, a kind of modern 
 battery, and a few ecclesiastical and 
 castellated remains. Some hundreds 
 of boats belong to this place. In the 
 vicinity are the residences of Glen- 
 alla and Hollymount, and below the 
 town those of the Lodge, Fort-Royal, 
 Drumalla House, and Killygarvan 
 Glebe. Fairs are held on the 21st 
 of August and 21st of November. 
 
 RAMULLEN. See Killough. 
 
 RANDALSTOWN, a small town in 
 the parish of Drumaul, county of An- 
 trim, four miles from Antrim on the 
 road to Coleraine. This is a neat 
 well-built place, pleasantly situated on 
 the banks of the Maine, not far from 
 its debouch into Lough Neagh, and 
 contains the parish church, two Pres- 
 byterian meeting-houses, a Market- 
 House, and a comfortable inn. Cot- 
 ton-spinning and calico-weaving are 
 the principal manufactures. Large 
 quantities of agricultural produce are 
 sold at the weekly markets, and ex- 
 tensive sales of linen at the fairs, 
 which are held on the 16th of July 
 and 1st of November. This town ad- 
 joins the demesne of Shane’s Castle, 
 finely planted, and extending some 
 miles along Lough Neagh. Shane’s 
 Castle, the Baronial residence of the 
 family of the Earls of O’Neil for cen- 
 turies, was accidentally destroyed by 
 fire in 1816, while a magnificent addi- 
 tion to the stately old mansion was 
 in progress of erection. This fine de- 
 mesne is worthy of inspection, and 
 strangers are liberally admitted. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 618. 
 
 RANELAGH, a suburban village 
 of Dublin, in the parish of St Kevin’s- 
 Without, consisting of many well- 
 built and substantial bouses inhabit- 
 ed by respectable families. Here is 
 a Nunnery erected on the site of the 
 public gardens, where formerly stood 
 3 N 
 
EAP 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 RAP 
 
 an elegant mansion of the Bishop of | 
 Derry. This village gives the title of 
 Viscount, in the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the family of Jones, descended from 
 the Most Reverend Thomas Jones, 
 D.D., Lord Bishop of Meath, in 1584, 
 and subsequently Archbishop of Dub- 
 lin and Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 
 son of Sir Richard Jones of Middle- 
 ton in Lancashire. Ilis son, Sir Roger 
 Jones, of Durham’s-town in West- 
 meath, was created Viscount Rane- 
 lagh and Baron Jones in 1628. 
 Richard, third Viscount, was advanc- 
 ed to the dignity of Earl of Ranelagh 
 in 1674, but dying without male issue 
 in 1711, the Earldom became extinct, 
 and the other titles reverted to 
 Charles Jones, Esq., as fourth Vis- 
 count, in 1759, after remaining dor- 
 mant nearly half a century. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1988. 
 
 RAPHOE, a Diocese in the Archi- 
 episcopal Province of Dublin, bound- 
 ed on the north and west by the At- 
 lantic, and on the east by the Diocese 
 of Derry, from which it is separated 
 partly by Lough Swillyandthe Foyle. 
 It comprehends part of the county of 
 Donegal. The Diocese is said to ex- 
 tend 56 English miles in length by 40 
 English miles in breadth. The Chap- 
 ter consists of the Dean, Archdeacon, 
 and four Prebendaries. In 1835, the 
 number of benefices was 34 ; parish 
 churches, 34; chapels- of-ease, 7 ; Ro- 
 man Catholic chapels, 36; Presby- 
 terian meeting- houses, 27 ; other Dis- 
 senting meeting-houses, chiefly Me- 
 thodist, 14. In 1834 the Diocese was 
 estimated to contain 33,507 members 
 of the Church of Ireland; Roman 
 Catholics, 145,385 ; Presbyterians, 
 28,914. In 1835 there were 263 schools, 
 educating 14,500 scholars, 127 of which 
 schools were supported by the pay- 
 ments of the pupils, 136 were wholly 
 or partly supported by endowments 
 or subscriptions, and only four were 
 in connection with the National Board 
 of Education. 
 
 The date of the foundation of this 
 Diocese is unknown, but it is of great 
 antiquity. St Eunau is mentioned as 
 698 
 
 the first Bishop in the ninth century, 
 and his successors up to Donat Mac- 
 gonail, who assisted at the Council of 
 Trent and died in 1589, are character- 
 ized by eccentric Milesian surnames. 
 Andrew Knox, Bishop of Orkney, 
 was translated to this See in 1611, and 
 another Scotish Prelate, Archbishop 
 Cairncross of Glasgow, was appointed 
 Bishop of Raphoe by William III. 
 after the Revolution. By the Act of 
 1833 the See is annexed to Derry. 
 The gross revenue of the Bishopric 
 for the three years ending December 
 1831 was L.5787, and the net revenue 
 L.5052. The Roman Catholic Dio- 
 cese of Raphoe is nearly co-extensive 
 with that of the Established Church, 
 and the Cathedral and Bishop’s resi- 
 dence are at Letterkenny. 
 
 RAPHOE, a Barony in the county 
 of Donegal, divided into twelve 
 parishes. It contains a variety of 
 soil, and the surface is diversified by 
 mountains and valleys. The princi- 
 pal proprietors are the Marquises of 
 Abercorn and Conyngham, the Earls 
 of Erne and Wicklow, Viscount Lif- 
 ford, and the representatives of the 
 Earls of Blessington. 
 
 RAPHOE, a rectory and vicarage, 
 constituting part of the corps of the 
 Deanery of the Diocese. The ancient 
 episcopal city of Raphoe, in the 
 parish and Barony of its name, is 145 
 English miles north-west of Dublin, 
 by Drogheda, Monaghan, Omagh, and 
 Lifford. The town derived its ori- 
 gin or early importance from a mo- 
 nastery said to have been founded by 
 St Columb, which was afterwards the 
 See of the Bishopric. The present 
 town consists of some small well-built 
 streets meeting in the market place, 
 in which is the neat Market-House. 
 The Cathedral, which is used as the 
 parish church, is a plain cruciform 
 edifice, the date of the erection un- 
 known, with a square tower added in 
 the 18th century. There is a Roman 
 Catholic chapel; the Presbyterians 
 have a meeting-house, and it is the 
 seat of one of their “Presbyteries,” 
 comprising in 1841 nine congrega- 
 
RAS OF IRELAND. RAT 
 
 tioDS. The former Episcopal Palace 
 is an elegant and spacious edifice in a 
 fine park adjoining the town, and the 
 Deanery-House is at a short distance. 
 The Free School of Raphoe was 
 founded by Charles I., and endowed 
 with 2305 acres of pasture and arable 
 land, and 8729 acres of bog and moun- 
 tain, within the county of Donegal. 
 The head 'master has an annual sa- 
 lary of L.350, the assistant has L.150, 
 and the appointment is vested in the 
 Lord Lieutenant. A school is main- 
 tained by the London Hibernian So- 
 ciety, and another by Robertson's 
 Fund. A certain number of poor 
 girls also receive instruction in a free 
 school in the town. The Widows’ 
 House was endowed by Bishop Foster 
 in 1732, with funds for the support 
 of four clergymen's widows of the 
 Diocese ; and a school for the cloth- 
 ing, instructing, and apprenticing to 
 trades, of 20 poor boys, was erected by 
 the same benevolent Prelate. Bishop 
 Foster also founded the Library, but 
 the most valuable collection of books 
 it contains was the gift of Bishop Hall 
 of Dromore. The average gross 
 yearly income of the rectory of Ra- 
 phoe for three years, ending Decem- 
 ber 1831, was L.1050, including the 
 glebe of 210 statute acres, but exclu- 
 sive of the fines on the renewal of 
 leases. The weekly markets for the 
 sale of agricultural produce are well 
 attended, and fairs are held on the 
 1st of May, 22d of June, 27th of Au- 
 gust, and 4th of November. Popu- 
 lation of the town in 1831, 1408 ; of 
 the parish, 4819. 
 
 RASHARKAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Kilcomray, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor. Population in 1831, 7481. 
 Post-town, Kilrea. 
 
 RASHEDAG, a village five miles 
 from Letterkenny, in the connty of 
 Donegal, on the Swilly, at which fairs 
 arc held on the 15th of June, 8th of 
 August, 15th of September, and 11th 
 of December. 
 
 RASHEE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony and county of Antrim, 
 699 
 
 Diocese of Connor. Post-town, Bal- 
 lyclare. 
 
 RATASS, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Trughenackmy, 
 county of Kerry, and united Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe. Population 
 in 1831, 2365. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 RATEYNE, or Rathyne, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Lower 
 Navan, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 370. Post-town, 
 Trim. 
 
 RATH, a parochial district in the 
 Barony of Rathvilly, county of Car- 
 low, and Diocese of Leighlin, six miles 
 from Baltinglass, not specified in the 
 Ecclesiastical Register or Parliamen- 
 tary Returns. 
 
 RATH, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Inchiquin, 
 county of Clare, and Diocese of Killa- 
 loe. The rectory forms the corps of 
 a Prebend; and the vicarage also 
 forms part of the corps of the Prebend 
 of Dysart. The village of Rath is about 
 six miles from Ennis. Population 
 of parish in 1831, 2521. 
 
 RAT HANG AN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, and corps of a Prebend, 
 in the Baronies of East and West 
 Ophaly, county and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare, intersected by the Grand Canal. 
 The small town of Rathangan is 29 
 Irish miles from Dublin by Lucan, 
 Celbridge, and Clare; and 27 miles by 
 the Grand Canal, which passes the 
 place. This town is well situated for 
 business, and is improving. It con- 
 tains the parish church, Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel, and a Methodist and 
 Quakers' meeting-house. On the 
 Little Barrow, which runs through 
 the town, are large flour-mills. In 
 May 1798, Rathangan was entered by 
 the Rebels, who perpetrated a cruel 
 massacre of a number of the inhabit- 
 ants. They were expelled from the 
 town with considerable loss, and se- 
 veral of their leaders were taken and 
 executed. Population in 1831, 1165; 
 of parish, 2911. 
 
 RATHASPECK, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Baronies of Bal- 
 lyadams and Slieve-Margy, Queen’s 
 
RAT 
 
 RAT THE GAZETTEER 
 
 County, and Diocese of Leighlin. The 
 coaleries of Dunane in this quarter 
 undermined the glebe land, and the 
 former parish church was abandoned 
 as insecure. Population in 1831, 4032. 
 Post-town, .Castlecomer. 
 
 RATHASPECK, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Moygoish, county of Westmeath, and 
 Diocese of Ardagh. Population in 
 1831, 2170. Post-town, Edgeworths- 
 town. 
 
 RATHASPECK, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Forth, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, 
 three miles from Wexford, not speci- 
 fied in the Ecclesiastical Register. 
 
 RATHBARRY, a parish and vic- 
 arage in the Baronies of Ibawne and 
 Barryroe, county of Cork, and Dio- 
 cese of Ross, on Ross Harbour. In 
 this parish is the splendid mansion of 
 Castle-Freke, the seat of Lord Car- 
 bery, commanding a fine view of Ross 
 Bay, and the various projections to 
 the Toe Head, and the coast along the 
 southern boundaries of the demesne 
 is remarkably varied, and particular^ 
 ly bold at Gaily Head. Population 
 in 1831, 2748. Post-town, Rosscar- 
 bery. 
 
 RATHBEAGH BANNAGH, or 
 Castleclough, a parish and rectory, 
 with a village of its name, in the Ba- 
 rony of Crannagh, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory, forming part 
 of the corps of a Prebend. The Nore 
 river is in the vicinity. Copper and 
 silver were found here in very ancient 
 times, and it is said that the first 
 money coined in Ireland was issued 
 from this locality. Population in 1831, 
 736. Post-town, Freshford. 
 
 R ATHBEGGAN, a small parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ratoath, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 282. Post-town, Dun- 
 shaughlin. 
 
 RATHBOURNEY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, and constituent part 
 of the corps of the Treasurership, in 
 the Barony of Burren, county of 
 Clare, and Diocese of Kilfenora. Post- 
 town, Ennistymond. 
 
 700 
 
 R ATHBOYNE, a parochial chapel- 
 ry in the Baronies of Upper Kells and 
 Lower Navan, county and Diocese of 
 Meath, forming part of the corps of 
 the Archdeaconry. 
 
 RATHBRAN, Rathfran, or Rath- 
 rea, a parish, vicarage, and village, 
 near the sea coast, in the Barony of 
 Tyrawley, county of Mayo, and Dio- 
 cese of Tuam. A Dominican Monas- 
 tery was founded here about 1274, in 
 which Edmund Burke of Castlebar 
 was assassinated by his nephews in 
 1513. Population in 1831, 1851. Post- 
 town, Klllala. 
 
 RATHBRIE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Tully, county of Kildare, three 
 miles from the town of Kildare. 
 
 RATHCLARE, a village in the 
 neighbourhood of Buttevant, county 
 of Cork. 
 
 RATHCLAREEN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, and part of the 
 corps of the Prebend of Kilbrittain, 
 in the Barony of East Carbery, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Cork, on the Arrig- 
 hadeen river. Population in 1831, 
 2775. Post-town, Bandon. 
 
 RATHCONDRA, a village six 
 miles from Mullingar, county of West- 
 meath, where the cross-road from 
 that town to Athlone, on the road to 
 Athlone, branches, on the road to 
 Rosscommon by Ballymahon and 
 Lanesborough. Near this village is 
 the residence of Mount-Dalton. 
 
 R ATHCONNELL, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the united Baronies of Moy- 
 cashel and Magheradernan, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath. 
 The extensive Bog in this quarter is 
 intersected by the summit of the 
 Royal Canal. Population in 1831, 
 2946. Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 RATHCONRATH, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of its name, 
 county of Westmeath, and Diocese of 
 Meath. Here are two irregular rocks 
 designated by the peasantry the Cat 
 and the Mouse, and near these a cu- 
 rious subterranean river. In this pa- 
 rish are the village of Rathcondra and 
 the demesne of Mount D’Alton, in 
 which is a fine pyramidal monument 
 
RAT 
 
 RAT OF IRELAND. 
 
 erected in honour of the Empress Maria 
 Theresa, the Emperor Joseph II., and 
 George III. See Rathcondra. 
 
 RATHCOOLE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Uppercross, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The small town of Rathcoole is 
 eight Irish miles from Dublin on the 
 road to Naas. It consists of one long 
 street, in which are several good 
 houses. The rectory forms part of 
 the corps of the Deanery of St Pa- 
 trick’s, Dublin. The effects of the 
 Rebellion of 1798 were crushed at 
 Rathcoole, at the general rising, but 
 the rebels on the 22d of June contriv- 
 ed to poison a number of the mili- 
 tary there. Population of parish in 
 1831, 1409; of town, 602. 
 
 RATHCOOLE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Gowran, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 united with the vicarage of Kilkyran. 
 Population in 1831, 1225. Post-town, 
 Kilkenny. 
 
 RATHCOOLE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Mid- 
 dlethird, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Population in 
 1831,1611. Post-town, Fethard. 
 
 RATHCOONEY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the north Liberties of 
 the city and Diocese of Cork, on the 
 Glanmore river. Population in 1831, 
 2988. 
 
 RATHCOR, a village in the parish 
 of Carlingford, county of Louth, 
 about four miles from Carling ord, on 
 Dundalk Bay. 
 
 RATHCORE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Ratoath and 
 Upper Deece, county and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 3455. 
 Post-town, Summerhill. 
 
 RATHCORMACK, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Barry- 
 more, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. The small town, formerly a 
 parliamentary and corporate borough, 
 of Rathcormack, is near the Bride 
 river, within four Irish miles from 
 Fermoy, on the road to Cork. Close 
 to it is the fine manorial mansion of 
 Lisnagar, the seat of Lord Riversdale, 
 701 
 
 on the banks of the river, the planta- 
 tions of which greatly ornament the 
 district. Population of the town in 
 1831, 1574; of parish, 5143. 
 
 RATHCORMACK, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Upperthird, 
 county of Waterford, and Diocese of 
 Lismore. Population in 1831, 1861. 
 Post-town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 RATHDOWLA, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of East Carbery, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, forming 
 part of the corps, of the Treasurer- 
 ship of the Diocese. Post-town, Ban- 
 don. 
 
 RATHDOWN, a Haif Barony of 
 the county of Dublin, extending along 
 the shore, and including the most ad- 
 mired and valuable portion of that 
 county. It is divided into twelve pa- 
 rishes, and contains the towns of Black- 
 rock, Kingstown, Old Drumleary, 
 Little Bray, and several villages. 
 
 RATHDOWN, a Half Barony of 
 the county of Wicklow, chiefly on the 
 coast. It is divided into five parishes, 
 and includes the town of Bray. The 
 village of Rathdown, which stood 
 near the little headland called the 
 Grey Stones, has disappeared, but some 
 vestiges of the Castle may still be 
 traced. The ground plan is distinct- 
 ly indicated by the heaps of grass- 
 grown masonry, regularly and artifi- 
 cially arranged in various architectu- 
 ral forms, and the basement of a 
 large square tower is still seen, the 
 walls four feet thick, with the archi- 
 trave of a circular-headed window in 
 the eastern side. This Castle occupied 
 a deep ravine, near a streamlet on 
 the shore, and in the vicinity of its 
 site, on the right of the road leading 
 to Grey Stones, is the small roofless 
 ivy-covered cell or chapel of St Cris- 
 pin. The parish church and village 
 were a short distance from the Castle. 
 Colonel Tarrant, then proprietor, 
 erased the village and the church, re- 
 moved the tomb- stones, disinterred 
 the bones in the burial-ground, and 
 threw them all into a pit dug for 
 ' the purpose. Mr Nimmo surveyed 
 the coast at Grey Stones, and esti- 
 
RAT 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 RAT 
 
 mated the expense of a serviceable 
 pier for trading^ vessels, and steam- 
 ers of 200 tons, at L.4000, inclosing 
 an area of two acres in the outer 
 harbour, and one acre in the inner, 
 with a depth of ten feet at low 
 water. An asylum-harbour is much 
 wanted on this desolate coast, as there 
 is no shelter from Waterford to 
 Kingstown. Rathdown gives the 
 title of Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the Noble Family of Monck, de- 
 scended from a common ancestor 
 with the celebrated General Monck, 
 Duke of Albemarle. Charles Stan- 
 ley Monck, Esq., was created Baron 
 Monck in 1797, and Viscount March 
 in 1800. His son and successor was 
 elevated to the dignity of Earl of 
 Rathdown in 1806. 
 
 RATHDOWNEY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Upper Ossory, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of Os- 
 sory. The small town of Rath- 
 downey is about eight Irish miles 
 from Mountrath, on the road to 
 Thurles by Templemore, and near the 
 source of the Erkin. Near this town, 
 which contains no object of interest, 
 are the residences of Ballyedmund, 
 Lovally, Middlemount, Knockfinn, 
 Mount Oliver, and Castlegrogan. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1214; of parish, 6654. 
 
 RATHDRUM, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Balli- 
 nacor, county of Wicklow, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. The town of 
 Rathdrum, 30 Irish miles from Dub- 
 lin, on the road to Arklow, is situated 
 on the summit of a rather steep hill 
 overlooking the beautifully wooded 
 valley traversed by the Avonmore. 
 The town is of considerable extent, but 
 the elevated ground which it occupies 
 is a barrier to improvement, and the 
 introduction of the flannel manufac- 
 ture, by Earl Fitzwilliam, the. princi- 
 pal proprietor, has almost been un- 
 successful. His Lordship erected the 
 elegant Hall on the summit of Rath- 
 drum Hill for the sale of flannels; 
 and here are the parish church, Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel, and a good inn. 
 A market-day is held monthly, and 
 702 
 
 fairs on the first Thursday in Febru- 
 ary, 5th of April, 5th of July, and llth 
 of December. Rathdrum is a poor, 
 melancholy-looking and unfortunate 
 town ; the monthly sales of flannel 
 are very limited. Population in 1831, 
 1054 ; of the parish, 2688. 
 
 RATHDRUMMIN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Ferrard, county of Louth, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh. Population in 
 1831, 640. Post-town, Dunleer. 
 
 RATHELTY. See Rahelty. 
 
 RATHE RNON, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Great 
 Connel, county and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare, forming part of the corps of the 
 Prebend of Lilliamore. Post-town, 
 Naas. 
 
 RATHFARNE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Killucan, county of W estmeath. 
 
 RATHFARNHAM, a village and 
 parochial chapelry in the county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, three miles 
 from Dublin, pleasantly situated on 
 the Dodder river, here crossed by an 
 elegant bridge. In the vicinity is 
 Rathfarnham Castle, a seat, of the 
 Marquis of Ely, now in a state of de- 
 cay, in consequence of none of that 
 Noble Family having resided in it 
 for many years. Bushy Park (Shaw, 
 Bart.), and several seats and villas, 
 are in the vicinity. The village pos- 
 sesses a well-built parish church, a 
 Roman Catholic chapel, and two 
 schools for poor girls, endowed by | 
 Lady Shaw. The Rebellion of 1798 
 broke out at Rathfarnham, where the 
 Earl of Ely had the command of a 
 yeomanry corps of cavalry, on the 23d 
 of May. A skirmish ensued, in which 
 the rebels were successful, and caused 
 the yeomanry to retreat. Population 
 in 1831, 1572; of the parish, 4573. 
 
 RATHFAYGHT, or Rathfeigh, 
 a parochial chapelry in the Barony of 
 Skreene, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Post-town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 RATHFRAN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Lacken, county of Mayo, on a 
 little harbour of its name, on the west- 
 ern shore of Killala Bay. 
 
 RATHFRILAND, a town in the 
 
RAT 
 
 RAT 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 parish of Drumgath, county of Down, 
 seven miles from Newry, on the road 
 to Downpatrick. It occupies elevat- 
 ed ground, down which the streets 
 diverge to meet five public roads 
 leading from different points into the 
 town. On the summit of the little 
 hill round which the town is clustered, 
 are some vestiges of the ancient castle 
 of the Magennis family, the former 
 chieftains of the district. Here are 
 the parish church, several Dissenting 
 meeting-houses, and numbers of good 
 tenements. A very considerable trade 
 is carried on in the linen manufacture, 
 and fairs are held on the second Wed- 
 nesday in February and April, old 
 style, the first Wednesday after Trini- 
 ty Sunday, the third Wednesday in 
 July, second Wednesday in Septem- 
 ber, and last Wednesday in Novem- 
 ber, all old style. The town and sur- 
 rounding manor were granted by 
 Charles II. to Alderman Hawkins 
 of London, as a reward for certain 
 services he had rendered to Protest- 
 ant refugees, and are still the pro- 
 perty of the Meade family, his de- 
 scendants. Population in 1831, 2001. 
 
 RATHGAR, a village and large 
 extensively wrought quarry in the 
 neighbourhood of Dublin, which 
 yields calpe and its accompanying 
 black flinty limestone. Here are 
 Rathgar House, numerous villas, 
 ranges of neat houses, an extensive 
 bleach-green, and print works for 
 muslins, calicoes, and silks. 
 
 RATHGROGGIN. See Charle- 
 
 VILLE. 
 
 RATHJORDAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Limerick, and Dio- 
 cese of Emly, forming part of the 
 corps of the Precentorship. Post- 
 town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 RATHKEALE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Lower Connel- 
 lo, county and Diocese of Limerick, 
 forming part of the corps of the Chan- 
 cellorship of that Diocese. The town 
 of Rathkeale, six miles from Adare, 
 and 14 Irish miles from Limerick, is 
 situated on the Deel river, and is the 
 * 703 
 
 best town between Limerick and Kil- 
 larney. The principal street, about a 
 mile in length, contains many good 
 houses and shops, and the retail trade 
 is considerable. In the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth this town sustained 
 a siege by the English troops. The 
 Noble Family of Southwell, Viscounts 
 Southwell, introduced a colony of 
 German Protestants into this town, 
 who greatly contributed to its im- 
 provement and prosperity; and the 
 farms of the Palatines , as their de- 
 scendants are designated, exhibit a 
 pleasing contrast to the slovenly ap- 
 pearance of small Irish farms in gene- 
 ral. These Palatine farms have each 
 for the most part an orchard and gar- 
 den attached to the dwelling-house. 
 Excellent cider is made in the dis- 
 trict about Rathkeale. Castle-Mat- 
 tress, the seat of Lord Viscount South- 
 well, erected in the reign of Elizabeth, 
 is the principal seat in the vicinity. 
 John Southwell, Esq., of Barham, a 
 gentleman of an ancient English fa- 
 mily, removed into Ireland in the 
 reign of James I., and his grandson, 
 Sir Thomas Southwell, Knight, of 
 Castle-Mattress, was created a Ba- 
 ronet in 1662. Sir Thomas South- 
 well, his grandson, was created Baron 
 Southwell of Castle-Mattress in 1717 ; 
 and Thomas, third Lord, was advanced 
 to the dignity of Viscount in 1776. 
 Near Rathkeale are the residences of 
 Beechmount, Mount Brown, and The 
 Wood. Population in 1831, 4972; of 
 the parish, 8800. 
 
 RATHKENNAN, a parish and 
 perpetual curacy in the Barony of 
 Kilnemanagh, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Cashel. Post-town, 
 Thurles. 
 
 RATHKENNY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Lower Navan, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1995. Post-town, 
 Slane. 
 
 RATHKYRAN, or Alish, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Iverk, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory. Population 
 in 1831, 1408. Post-town, Waterford. 
 
RAT THE GAZETTEER RAT 
 
 RATHLACKEN, a hamlet, or 
 rather a post station, in the parish of 
 Lacken, county of Mayo, on the coast, 
 upwards of five miles from Killala. 
 It is situated at the terminus of the 
 public roads between Downpatrick 
 and Kilcummin Heads. 
 
 RATHLIN, a basaltic island off the 
 coast of Antrim, forming a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Carey, county 
 of Antrim, and Diocese of Down and 
 Connor. It is about six miles north 
 from Ballycastle, and is estimated 
 to comprise 3398 statute acres, but 
 the nearest point is not above four 
 English miles from the shore. The 
 form of this island is rectangular, 
 and its shores, except on the east 
 side, are rugged and precipitous, 
 exhibiting masses of chalky cliffs, 
 trap-rock, columnar basalt, and old 
 sandstone. The basaltic columns at 
 Doon Point resemble in position the 
 ribs of a ship. The surface is diversifi- 
 ed by hills and valleys, and the highest 
 elevation is Kenrames Point, said to 
 be about 450 feet above the level of 
 the sea. The valleys and sheltered 
 places are fertile, yielding good crops 
 of oats and barley, of which consider- 
 able quantities are exported; also 
 numbers of horned cattle, sheep, and 
 a breed of small horses. The houses 
 are scattered throughout the Island, 
 and the inhabitants, who are upwards 
 of 1000, are employed in fishing and 
 farming. The island contains the 
 parish church and a Roman Catholic 
 chapel. On the eastern side of the 
 Island is the fragment of a wall of an 
 ancient fortalice designated Bruce's 
 Castle, from a tradition that the cele- 
 brated Scotish King Robert Bruce here 
 found refuge during his misfortunes. 
 The strait between this crescent- 
 shaped Island, the principal landing- 
 place of which is Church Bay, is called 
 Slunk-na-marra , and the passage is 
 often dangerous from the heavy swell. 
 Rathlin is sometimes denominated 
 Raghery. 
 
 RATHLINE, or Rathcline, a Ba- 
 rony of the county of Longford, di- 
 vided into six parishes. 
 
 701 
 
 RATHLINE, or Rathcline, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of its 
 name, and Archdiocese of Armagh, 
 in the vicinity of the town of Lanes- 
 borough. The massive Castle of Rath- 
 line, a building of great antiquity, 
 stands at the base of a verdant hill 
 on the Shannon. It was dismantled 
 by Cromwell, and dilapidated in the 
 reign of James II. Population in 1831, 
 3036. See Lanesborough. 
 
 RATHLOGAN, a parish united 
 with Fartagh, in the Barony of Gal- 
 way, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Post-town, Durrow. 
 
 RATHLYNAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel. Population in 1831, 
 1354. Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 RATHMACNEE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Forth, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns. Population in 1831, 549. Post- 
 town, Wexford. 
 
 RATHMACVEOGE, or Rathna- 
 veoge, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 in the Barony of Ikerrin, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Killaloe. 
 Population in 1831, 1387- Post-town, 
 Roscrea. 
 
 RATHMELTON. See Rameltox. 
 
 RATHMICHAEL, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, and corps of a Pre- 
 bend, in St Patrick’s Cathedral, in the 
 Half Barony of Rathdown, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. Population 
 in 1831, 1297. Post-town, Bray. 
 
 RATHMINES, a suburban village 
 one mile south-west of Dublin, in the 
 parish of St Kevin’s- With out, noted 
 for the salubrity of the climate, which 
 has attracted numbers of wealthy re- 
 sidents. The whole is occupied by 
 villas, and by streets of private re- 
 sidences. The elegant parish church 
 is erected from a design by Mr Semple, 
 and the Roman Catholic chapel is also 
 a handsome architectural edifice. At 
 this place the Duke of Ormond w as 
 defeated, in 1649, by Colonel Jones the 
 Parliamentary general, with the loss 
 of 4000 men killed, and 3000 taken 
 prisoners. Population in 1831, 1600. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 RAT 
 
 RATHMOLYON, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Lower Moy- 
 fenrath, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 The village of Rathmolyon, greatly 
 improved by the Lord Bishop of Os- 
 sory the proprietor, is two and a half 
 miles from the small town of Sum- 
 merhill, on the road to Mullingar. 
 Population of parish in 1831, 2674. 
 
 RATHMORE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Rathvilly, county of 
 Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin, on 
 the Slaney. Here is the residence of 
 Rathmore. Population in 1831, 1477. 
 Post-town, Baltinglass. 
 
 RATHMORE, a parish, impropri- 
 ate rectory and vicarage, chiefly in 
 the Barony of North Naas, county of 
 Kildare, and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 Population in 1831, 1473. Post-town, 
 Naas. 
 
 RATHMORE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Lune, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. The demesne 
 of Rathmore, a seat of the Earl of 
 Darnley, is in this parish. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1070. Post-town, Ath- 
 boy. 
 
 RATHMOYLAN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Gualtier, 
 county and Diocese of Waterford, on 
 St George’s Channel. Several spa- 
 cious caves are in the limestone cliffs 
 of the coast in this quarter. Popula- 
 tion in 1831,789. Post-town, East 
 Passage. 
 
 RATHMULLEN. See Ramul- 
 lejt. 
 
 RATHMULLEN. See Killough. 
 
 RATHNEW, a village and paro- 
 chial chapelry in the Barony of New- 
 castle, county of Wicklow, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin, on a stream of its 
 name which here enters the sea, two 
 miles from Wicklow. 
 
 RAT HO WEN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Rathaspeck, county of West- 
 meath, three miles from Ballinalack, 
 and the same distance from the vil- 
 lage of Street. Rathowen contains a 
 comfortable inn and good posting. 
 Near the village is the residence of 
 Newpass, and in the neighbourhood 
 are Loughs Iron, Dereveragh, Ken- 
 705 
 
 nail, and Sheelin, and the small Lough 
 Glyn. 
 
 RATHPATRICK, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Ida, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, on 
 the navigable river Suir. Population 
 in 1831, 1882. Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 RATHREA, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ardagh, county of 
 Longford, and Diocese of Ardagh. 
 Population in 1831, 1054. Post-town, 
 Edgeworthstown. 
 
 RATHREA. See Rathbran. 
 
 RATHREGAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Rat- 
 oath, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 forming part of a fertile agricultural 
 district. Population in 1831, 325. Post- 
 town, Dunsliaughlin. 
 
 RATH HOE, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Shel- 
 burne, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns. Post-town, Artliurs- 
 town. 
 
 RATHRONAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Conello, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. Population in 1831, 3012. Post- 
 town, Rathkeale. 
 
 RATHRONAN, a parish, impro- 
 priate rectory and vicarage, in the 
 united Baronies of Iffa and Offa, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Lismore, in the vicinity of the town 
 of Clonmel. On the road from that 
 town to Thurles are Rathronan House 
 (Gougb, Bart.), and Darling Hill, the 
 seat of Baron Pennefather, in October 
 1841 appointed Lord Chief-Justice of 
 the Queen’s Bench in Ireland, at the 
 resignation of the Right Hon. Charles 
 Kendal Bushe. The parish church 
 was erected by Lady Meadows, who 
 bequeathed the interest of L.1800 to 
 the vicar of the parish. Population 
 in 1831, 1010. 
 
 RATHSALLAGH, a parochial cu- 
 racy and village in the Barony of Up- 
 per Talbotstown, county of Wicklow, 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. The de- 
 mesne of Rathsallagh is about two 
 miles from the village of Dunlavin, on 
 the road through the valley of Bless- 
 ington to Baltinglass. 
 
RAT THE GAZETTEER RAU 
 
 RATHSARRAGH, a parish and 
 entire rectory, in the county of the 
 city of Limerick, forming part of the 
 corps of the Deanery of the Diocese. 
 
 RATHS ARRAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Upper 
 Ossory, Queen’s County, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Population in 1831, 863. 
 Post-town, Rathdowney. 
 
 RATHTOOLE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Newcastle, coun- 
 ty and Archdiocese of Dublin, but lo- 
 cally in the Barony of Talbotstown, 
 county of Wicklow. Post-town, Bal- 
 tinglass, 
 
 RATHVERE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Killucan, county of West- 
 meath, six miles north-west from Kkn- 
 negad- 
 
 RATHVILLY, a Barony of the 
 county of Carlow, divided into eleven 
 parishes. This is altogether an agri- 
 cultural district. 
 
 RATHYILLY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of its name, Dio- 
 cese of Leighlin, on the Slaney river. 
 The small village of Rathvilly is four 
 miles from Baltinglass. Here are the 
 schools founded and endowed by Mr 
 D’ Israeli, and near it the residence of 
 Rickardstown and the demesne of 
 Beechy Park. Fairs are held in Ja- 
 nuary, March, June, August, and No- 
 vember. Population of parish in 1831, 
 3187. 
 
 RATHWIRE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Killucan, county of West- 
 meath, three miles from Kinnegad. 
 
 R ATOATH, a Barony of the coun- 
 ty of Meath, divided into twelve pa- 
 rishes. This is a fertile agricultural 
 district. 
 
 RATOATH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of its name. 
 Diocese of Meath. The small town 
 of Ratoath is 15 miles from Dublin, 
 and about three miles from the town 
 of Ashbourne, on the cross-road to 
 Dunshaughlin, and contains the neat 
 parish church and a large Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel. The Manor of Ratoath 
 adjoins the village, and also the Danish 
 mound called the Moat of Ratoath, on 
 which Malachy the first monarch of 
 706 
 
 t Ireland is alleged to have held a eon- 
 f vocation of the petty princes. This 
 was a Parliamentary borough before 
 the Union. Three annual fairs are 
 held, and a small manufacture of sack- 
 ing and linen is carried on. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 552 ; of parish, 1779. 
 
 RATORP, a village in the parish of 
 Kiltartan, county of Galway, three 
 miles from Gort. 
 
 RATTOO, a parish and impro- 
 priate curacy in the Barony of Clan- 
 maurice, county of Kerry, and an- 
 nexed Dioceses of Ardfert and Agha- 
 doe. An ancient town is said to have 
 been in this parish, in which were 
 seven churches and an episcopal pa- 
 lace. In the churchyard is a lofty 
 round tower. A Commandery of the 
 Knights Hospitallers was founded 
 here, which Was subsequently made 
 a monastery dedicated to St Peter and 
 St Paul. In the vicinity of the round 
 tower is the residence of Rattoo, and 
 in the neighbourhood those of Bally- 
 horgan and Ballyconra. Population 
 in 1831, 3117. Post-town, Tralee. 
 
 RAUGHLY, a small fishing vil- 
 lage and harbour in the county of 
 Sligo, between the town of Sligo 
 and the hamlet of Cliffoney. Near 
 the village, and on the -western side 
 of the small peninsula of Raughly, 
 are some curious caverns in the lime- 
 stone rock known as the Pigeon 
 Holes. At high tides, during west- 
 erly gales, the sea rushes by various 
 subterranean channels into a large 
 and deep open basin with tremendous 
 fury. In the vicinity of what is call- 
 ed the Island of Raughly, the once 
 fertile plains are now covered with 
 drifting sand to a melancholy extent, 
 and hundreds of valuable acres are 
 destroyed. “ Instead of endeavour- 
 ing to check the progress of the 
 sand,” says Mr Fraser, “ as has been 
 successfully done in many parts of the 
 British coast, and in this very neigh- 
 bourhood by Lord Palmerston, both 
 landlord and tenant here retreat as it 
 advances ; the latter, however, cling- 
 ing to their wretched hovels so long 
 as the roofs sustain the superincum- 
 
RAY OF IRELAND. RED 
 
 bent mass in which they are embedded. 
 There are few more desolate scenes 
 in our Island than that which the 
 once fertile plains of Raughly now 
 present. The remains of many houses 
 can still be traced, and at least a 
 hundred yet inhabited huts nearly 
 overwhelmed, resembling more the 
 appearance of dens , of wild animals 
 than the habitations of human beings. 
 The fragments of the ancient church, 
 with the taller of the rude tombs, are 
 still seen peeping over the accumu- 
 lated sand, and the ruins of Artar- 
 mon Castle, the former seat of the 
 ancestors of Sir Robert Gore Booth, 
 Bart., the proprietor, still preside 
 over the desolate scene. At the west- 
 ern point of this district the small 
 but beautifully verdant Knock Lane 
 rises to a height of several hundred 
 feet from the water’s edge, and from 
 it the whole of the adjoining tract 
 can be distinctly traced, as also the 
 mouth of Sligo Bay and the subjacent 
 coast. Along the latter, from the nu- 
 merous scattered rocks, the broken 
 waves dash and foam with incon- 
 ceivable fury against the low beet- 
 ling headlands.” 
 
 RAVENSDALE, a village in the 
 parish of Ballymascanlan, county of 
 Louth, near Flurry Bridge. In the 
 vicinity are the residences of Ana- 
 verna and Ravensdale Park, which 
 ornament the lovely valley between 
 the Slievegullion and Carlingford 
 Mountains; and also the plantations 
 of Bellurgan Park and Ballymascan- 
 lan House, and the villas of Strand- 
 field, Mount Pleasant, and Faughart. 
 Fairs are held on the first Friday after 
 Good Friday, and in July, October, and 
 November. 
 
 RAY, or Raymochy, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony and 
 Diocese of Raphoe, county of Done- 
 gal, on Lough Swilly. Population 
 in 1831, 5756. Post-town, Letter- 
 kenny. 
 
 RAYLESTOWN, or Villareale, 
 a small parish and entire rectory in 
 the Barony of Middlethird, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 
 707 
 
 Population in 1831, 290. Post-town, 
 Cashel. 
 
 RAYMUNTERDONY, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Kilmacrenan, county of Donegal, 
 and Diocese of Raphoe, on the sea 
 coast. Population in 1831, 2193. Post- 
 town, Dunfanaghy. 
 
 RED BAY, a Bay and village on the 
 road from Glenarm to Cushendall and 
 the Giant’s Causeway, on the Antrim 
 coast, near the beautiful Vale of Glen- 
 ariff. The shores are rugged, but the 
 surrounding scenery is interesting. 
 Here are the ruins of a castle and some 
 small caves. 
 
 RED-CITY, also Demelloge and 
 Kilmillock , a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Littlethird, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Population in 1831,364. Post- 
 town, Fethard. 
 
 REDCROSS, a parochial district 
 and village in the county of Wicklow, 
 five miles from Rath drum, pleasantly 
 situated in the old hilly road to Ark- 
 low. 
 
 REDHILLS, a village in the parish 
 of Armagh, county of Cavan, at which 
 fairs are held on the 1st of January, 
 19th of March, and 24th of May, July, 
 and October. The demesne of Red- 
 hills is in the vicinity. 
 
 RED-ISLAND, an island in Lough 
 Mahon, below the seat of Oldcourt 
 (Goold, Bart.) It is now generally 
 known as Hop-Island , in allusion to 
 its having been at one time in the pos- 
 session of a family of the name of De- 
 lamain, some of whom w r ere “ profes- 
 sors” of dancing in the adjacent city 
 of Cork. 
 
 RED-ISLAND, an inhabited island 
 in Lough Strangford, county of Dow n. 
 
 RED-ISLAND, one of a group of 
 small rocky islets opposite the fishing 
 town of Skerries, county of Dublin. 
 
 REDWOOD CASTLE, a ruined 
 castle in the county of Tipperary, 
 near Portumna Bridge, on the Shan- 
 non, at which are the boat stations 
 and harbours of the Inland Steam 
 Company, and the place where the 
 steam-packets to and from Dublin 
 
REE THE GAZETTEER REE 
 
 through Lough Derg to Limerick 
 meet. 
 
 REE (LOUGH), a large expansion 
 of the Shannon, at the east end of 
 which is the town of Athlone, and at 
 the west end that of Lanesborough. 
 It lies between the county of Roscom- 
 mon on the west, and the counties of 
 Westmeath and Longford on the east. 
 The length of this noble expanse in a 
 direct line from Athlone to Lanes- 
 borough is 16 Irish miles, and some 
 parts of its shores are varied and in- 
 teresting. The marshy shore on the 
 east side of Lough Ree prevents the 
 construction of a road for any dis- 
 tance along the water’s edge, and a 
 boat is the best means of conveyance 
 for those inclined to explore this large 
 and almost unknown river-lake. On 
 this side are St John’s Promontory 
 and Hare Island, the latter greatly 
 improved by Viscount Castlemaine, 
 the proprietor. Many of the islands 
 in Lough Ree are large and under cul- 
 tivation. The western or Roscom- 
 mon side of the lake is best inspected 
 in a boat from Athlone to Lanes- 
 borough, which can easily be obtained 
 at the former town. The Inny en- 
 ters Lough Ree three miles below 
 Ballymahon on the eastern side, where 
 the lake is broadest, and at least five 
 Irish miles across. From this estu- 
 ary, called the Mouth of the Inny, to 
 Lanesborough, are hold headlands, 
 sinuous bays,' and numerous islands, 
 among which are Inchclorin, or 
 Quaker Island, having the remains of 
 churches and of a monastery, Inch- 
 enagh, Inchcloyne, and Inchgarra. 
 This is the Longford side of the lake, 
 along the shore of which are some 
 beautiful demesnes and good tracts of 
 pasture lands, though this quarter is 
 the least productive in that county. 
 The district is here flat and boggy, 
 and the shores are liable to extensive 
 winter floods. These inundations ma- 
 terially alter the coast line of the lake, 
 submerging several large peninsulas, 
 and converting others into islands. 
 The level of the lake in summer is 
 122 feet, but in the winter it rises to 
 708 
 
 129 feet above the level of the sea at 
 low water. The inlet called the 
 Mouth of the Inny runs about four 
 miles eastward from the main sheet 
 of the lake, and near the shore in 
 that direction are the small lakes of 
 Derry and Derrymacar, the latter be- 
 coming in winter a portion of the en- 
 larged expanse of Lough Ree. The 
 Shannon is not navigable for passen- 
 ger-boats above Lanesborough. 
 
 The Westmeath shore of Lough 
 Ree is broken and irregular. The 
 islands in this quarter are Innismore, 
 or Inchmore, once the site of a monas- 
 tery, comprising 104 acres ; Hare 
 Island, already mentioned, 57 acres, 
 with the ruins of an abbey ; Innis- 
 boffin, or Inchboffin, formerly the site 
 of an abbey, 27 acres; Inisturk, or 
 Inchturk, 24 acres ; and a number of 
 smaller ones. Most of these islands 
 are finely wooded. An inlet at the 
 southern extremity of Lough Ree is 
 connected by a narrow strait, almost 
 constituting another lake. This sub- 
 ordinate sheet is about two miles in 
 length from east to west, and in one 
 part above a mile and a half broad, 
 having the large Friar’s Island, finely 
 wooded, on the western extremity. 
 
 On the Roscommon side, towards 
 the head of the lake, the bogs extend 
 to the water’s edge, but as they are 
 generally backed by rising grounds, 
 it is only when passing close in under 
 shore that these dreary flats are par- 
 ticularly seen. The greatest defi- 
 ciency is the vrant of wood, and the 
 rugged headlands, which are in a state 
 of rough pasturage, seem peculiarly 
 adapted for the growth of timber. 
 Some young plantations, however, 
 cover parts of the shores; a few 
 groves of full grown trees remain; 
 and clumps or belts are on the distant 
 hills. On both sides of the lake 
 are the ruins of castles and towers, 
 but there are no villages ; and 
 the only habitations are clusters of 
 cabins, at which the boatmen land to 
 procure illicitly sold whisky. Along 
 the Roscommon shore not one quay 
 is constructed for boats of burthen, 
 
REI OF IRELAND. RHE 
 
 though some localities are naturally 
 favourable for loading and discharg- 
 ing. The lower or Athlone district 
 of Lough Ree is best inhabited, and 
 here pleasure-sailing is a common pas- 
 time, little fleets of boats occasionally 
 starting from Athlone, and rendez- 
 vousing at some agreeable spot on an 
 island or the mainland. 
 
 The length of Lough Ree is about 
 15 Irish or 18 English miles ; the 
 greatest breadth about five Irish or 
 six and a half English miles ; the 
 depth does not exceed 75 feet, but this 
 refers only to hollows in the bottom, 
 as the general depth is much shallower. 
 The navigation is difficult and danger- 
 ous to those unacquainted with the 
 sunken rocks and shoals, and the depth 
 of water is liable to considerable varia- 
 tion. For trading boats of burden 
 the worst part of the passage is near 
 Lauesborough, at the entrance into 
 the first bay or inlet going downwards 
 from the town, where the channel is 
 narrow and tortuous. The whole 
 traffic of Lough Ree is almost con- 
 fined to the intercourse between 
 Lanesborough and Athlone, but cattle 
 boats are now established on the lake 
 by the Inland Steam Navigation Com- 
 pany. Lough Ree terminates in a 
 broad and regular river, which flows 
 with a smooth swift current down tc 
 Athlone, in its course to Lough Derg. 
 See Shannon. 
 
 REENASKIDDY, or Skiddy’s 
 Headland , a village on the shore of 
 Cork Harbour, nearly opposite Cove, 
 A martello tower surmounts the ad= 
 jacent heights. 
 
 REENDONEGAN, or O’ Donegan's 
 Headland , a sheet of water probably 
 half a mile long, one mile and a half 
 from Dunamark, and separated from 
 the head of Bantry Bay by a narrow 
 neck of land. The adjoining grounds 
 are finely planted. Near it are the 
 residences of Gurtenroe and Reen- 
 donegan House; the latter in 1840 
 the seat of Daniel O’Sullivan, Esq., 
 brother-in-law of Mr Daniel O’Con- 
 nell, M.P. 
 
 REISK,a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 709 
 
 age, in the Barony of Middlethird, 
 county and Diocese of Waterford, the 
 rectory forming part of the corps of 
 the Deanery, and the vicarage of the 
 Chancellorship of that Diocese. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 734. Post-town, 
 Waterford. 
 
 RELIGMURRY, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Cashel. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 RENVYLE, a narrow headland 
 in the parish of Oranmore, which 
 lies between the harbours of Ballina- 
 kill and Killery, on the coast of Gal- 
 way, in the Connemara district. The 
 demesne of Renvyle is within a mile 
 of the small village of Tully, and 
 though much exposed to the Atlantic 
 storms, many improvements have 
 been effected by the perseverance of 
 Henry Blake, Esq., the proprietor. 
 The mansion is small but commodi- 
 ous, and so near the sea that the 
 walls are slated to protect it trom the 
 effects of the sea spray. Mr Blake 
 has effected many useful alterations 
 in this remote district, which may be 
 traced for miles along the roads. The 
 detached hill of Renvyle commands a 
 magnificent view of marine and land 
 mountain scenery. A small pier is 
 erected at the village of Renvyle, 
 which is a favourite sea-bathing re- 
 sort. 
 
 REOGHTY, a stream which runs 
 into the Kenmare River in the county 
 of Kerry. See Kenmare. 
 
 REYNAGH, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Garrycastle, King’s 
 County, and Diocese of Meath. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 4271. See Ban- 
 agher. 
 
 RHEBAN, a Barony united to that 
 of Narragh in the county of Kildare, 
 and both divided into ten parishes. 
 Rheban is distinguished by East and 
 West portions. The Castle of Rhe- 
 ban, which commanded the ford over 
 the Barrow, erected by Richard de 
 St Michael, created Baron of Rheban 
 by King John, was taken by Edward 
 Bruce in 1315. It was seized by the 
 Marquis of Ormond in 1642, and in 
 3o 
 
RIN THE GAZETTEER R1N 
 
 1648 by Owen Roe O’Neill, who was 
 expelled by Lord Incbiquin and Co- 
 lonel Preston. 
 
 RICHARDS TOWN, a village near 
 the town of Castle-Dermot, county of 
 Kildare. 
 
 RICHARDSTOWN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ardee, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. Population in 1831, 637. 
 Post-town, Ardee. 
 
 RICHARDSTOWN, a village in 
 the parish of Drangan, county of Tip- 
 perary. 
 
 RICHHILL, a small but improving 
 town in the parish of Kilmore, coun- 
 ty of Armagh, about four Irish miles 
 from the city of Armagh, and within 
 two miles of Hamilton’s Bawn village. 
 It is a neatly built place, having an 
 elegant market house, a parish church, 
 and some Dissenting meeting-houses. 
 The weekly linen and yarn market is 
 well attended, and fairs are held on 
 the 12th of January, 3d of March, 26th 
 of July, and 15th of October. The 
 vicinity of Richhill is ornamented by 
 the old plantations on the grounds of 
 the Richardson family, the proprietors 
 of the town. Within two miles is 
 Castle-Dillon (Molyneaux, Bart.), in 
 a finely wooded demesne, containing 
 many stately trees, a beautiful sheet 
 of water, and an obelisk 60 feet high, 
 erected by Sir Capel Molyneaux, Bart., 
 to commemorate the Irish Legislative 
 independence, obtained by the Volun- 
 teers in 1782. The same gentleman 
 also erected a column in honour of 
 the foundation of the Order of St 
 Patrick. Adjoining this demesne is 
 that of Hockley Lodge. Population in 
 1831, 937. 
 
 RICHMOND, a beautiful and well- 
 known suburban village of Dublin, 
 in the parish of Clonturk. See Dub- 
 lin. 
 
 RICHMOND HARBOUR, in the 
 parish of Killashee, the terminus 
 at one point of the Royal Canal, 
 five miles from the town of Long- 
 ford, where, through the medium of 
 the Camlin river, it joins the Shannon. 
 
 RINAGONAH, or Ringoonah, a 
 710 
 
 parish and vicarage in the Baronies 
 of Decies-Within and Decies-With- 
 out-Drum, county of Waterford, and 
 Diocese of Lismore, on the Bay of 
 Dungarvan. Population in 1831, 2425, 
 Post-town, Dungarvan. 
 
 RINCORAN, or Rincurran, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Baronies of Kinnalea and Kinsale, 
 county and Diocese of Cork. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 3758. Post-town, 
 Kinsale. 
 
 RIN CREW, a village in the parish 
 of Tempi emichael, county of Water- 
 ford, at which were an abbey and a 
 castle, the latter once belonging to the 
 Knights of St John of Jerusalem. 
 The lands belonging to the abbey 
 were granted to Sir Walter Raleigh, 
 who sold them to the first Earl of 
 Cork. Post-town, Tallow. 
 
 RING, a fishing village in the pa- 
 rish of Temple-omalis, county of Cork, 
 on the eastern shore of Cloghnakilty 
 Bay, and in the neighbourhood of the 
 town of Cloghnakilty. Tt has a small 
 pier and boat harbour. 
 
 RINGA-ROGA, or Dunnegal Is- 
 land, an island belonging to the pa- 
 rish of Creagh, county of Cork, in the 
 Harbour of Baltimore, now connected 
 with the mainland by an excellent 
 causeway and bridge constructed 
 across the channel by Sir W. Becher, 
 Bart., the proprietor. It is three 
 miles in length by one in breadth, 
 comprising about 790 acres. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 786. 
 
 RINGRONE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, with a village of its name, 
 two miles from Kinsale, in the Ba- 
 ronies of Courcey, Kinsale, and East 
 Carbery, in the county and Diocese 
 of Cork, on the Bandon river. Here 
 are the ruins of an ancient castle. 
 Population in 1831, 4813. 
 
 RINGSEND, a parochial chapelry 
 and village in the Half Barony of 
 Rathdown, county and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, on the north bank of the 
 Dodder, which is here spanned by a 
 handsome elliptic stone arch. The 
 parish church is in the adjoining vil- 
 lage of Irishtown. At Ringsend are 
 
ROB OF IRELAND. ROC 
 
 the Wet Docks belonging to the 
 Grand Canal Company, and Graving 
 Docks capable of accommodating six 
 vessels of 500 tons each. See Dublin. 
 
 RIVERSTOWN, a village in the 
 vicinity of the city of Cork, in the 
 parishes of Templeusque and Cahirlog, 
 not far from Watergrass Hill, near 
 which is the seat of Riverstown, the 
 grounds containing some magnificent 
 old trees. 
 
 RIVERSTOWN, a village halfway 
 between the towns of Sligo and Boyle, 
 near which is the residence of Cooper’s 
 Hill. 
 
 RIVERSTOWN, a hamlet near the 
 Big River, seven Irish miles from 
 Dundalk, on the road to Carlingford. 
 
 ROACH, or Roche, a small pa- 
 rochial curacy in the Barony of Up- 
 per Dundalk, county of Louth, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. Here are 
 the massive ruins of Roche Castle, 
 supposed to have been erected in the 
 reign of Henry II. 
 
 ROAD, a small village in the pa- 
 rish of Ballymacwilliam, King’s Coun- 
 ty, near Edenderry. 
 
 RO AMISH, or Ronanish, an island 
 belonging to the parish of Iniskeel, 
 county of Donegal, west of the en- 
 trance into Gweebarra Bay. 
 
 ROAR, a village on the borders of 
 the county of Carlow, on the road 
 from Boms to Ross. 
 
 ROARING-WATER-BAY, a spa- 
 cious bay on the south-west coast of 
 the county of Cork, east of Dunmanus 
 Bay. The shores are diversified 
 by projecting points, headlands, and 
 deep indentations, several of the for- 
 mer being crowned by old castles; 
 and the surface studded with numer- 
 ous islands, some of which are inha- 
 bited. Merchant vessels can obtain 
 good anchorage in the various inlets 
 of Roaring-Water-Bay. At its south- 
 eastern entrance is the island of Cape 
 Clear and its Lighthouse. 
 
 ROBE, a stream in the county of 
 Mayo, which passes Hollymount, and 
 enters Lough Mask below the town of 
 Ballinrobe. 
 
 ROBEEN, a parish, rectory and 
 711 
 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kilmaine, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, 
 on the Robe. Population in 1831, 
 3193. Post-town, Hollymount. 
 
 ROBERTSTOWN, a parochial 
 chapelry in the Barony of Barrymore, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 
 near Rathcormack. 
 
 ROBERTSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Kilmaogue, county of Kil- 
 dare. It is a stage on the Grand 
 Canal, between Sallins and Ticknevin, 
 and is 20± Irish miles from Dublin. 
 
 ROBERTSTOWN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Lower Kells, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. Post- 
 town, Nobber. 
 
 ROBERTSTOWN. See [Castle- 
 Roberts. 
 
 ROBINSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Kilskyre, county of Meath. 
 
 ROCHESTOWN, a picturesque 
 village in the parish of Killiney, coun- 
 ty of Dublin, four miles from Dublin, 
 near the base of the beautiful Killi- 
 ney Hills, four miles from Bray. 
 
 ROCHESTOWN, or Ballywil- 
 liam, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Clanwilliam, county of 
 Limerick, and Diocese of Emly. 
 Post-town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 ROCHESTOWN, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Baronies of IfFa 
 and Offa, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese Qf Lismore, on the Suir. Post- 
 town, Cahir. 
 
 ROCHFORT-BRIDGE, a village 
 three miles from the town of Tyrrell’s 
 Pass, on the road to Kinnegad, coun- 
 ty of Westmeath. This village was 
 formerly known as Beggar’s Bridge. 
 
 ROCKCORRY, a village five miles 
 from Cootebill, county of Monaghan, 
 at which a fair is held on the last 
 Wednesday of each month. 
 
 ROCK ISLAND, a village in the 
 parish of Kilmoe, county of Cork, on 
 a rocky peninsula off Crookhaven. 
 
 ROCKVILLE, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Affane, county of Waterford, 
 on the Finesk, seven miles from Lis- 
 more. 
 
 ROCKY ISLAND, an immense 
 mass of limestone rock one mile from 
 
3 , ■■■ - — 
 
 ROS THE GAZETTEER ROS 
 
 Cove in Cork Harbour, rising abrupt- 
 ly from high water mark between 40 
 and 50 feet. The surface was levelled 
 for the erection of the Powder Maga- 
 zine, and on the summit is a watch- 
 tower. 
 
 RODEN, a locality in the county of 
 Tipperary which gives the title of 
 Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 ancient and Noble Family of Jocelyn, 
 said to be descended from Sir Gil- 
 bert Jocelyn, whose father Egidius, a 
 nobleman of Brittany, settled in Eng- 
 land in the reign of Edward the Con- 
 fessor. Robert Jocelyn, Esq., a dis- 
 tinguished lawyer, who filled the of- 
 fices of Solicitor-General and Attor- 
 ney-General in the reigns of George 
 I. and George II., was appointed 
 Lord High Chancellor of Ireland in 
 1739. He was created Baron New- 
 port in 1743, and Viscount Jocelyn in 
 1755. His Lordship died in 1756, and 
 was succeeded by his only son Robert, 
 second Viscount, who was advanced 
 to the dignity of Earl of Roden, of 
 High Roden, in 1771. Robert, third 
 Earl, was created Baron Clanbrassil, 
 in the Peerage of Great Britain, in 
 1821. 
 
 ROE, a stream which rises in the 
 Londonderry mountains, above the 
 town of Dungiven, and enters Lough 
 Swilly below Newtown-Limavady. 
 
 ROE ISLAND, an inhabited island 
 in Clew Bay, county of Mayo. 
 
 ROGERSTOWN HARBOUR. See 
 Rush. 
 
 ROODSTOWN, or Eootstown, a 
 village in the parish of Strabannon, 
 county of Louth, four miles from Ar- 
 dee. 
 
 ROOGAGHY, a river which con- 
 sists of the numerous streams issuing 
 from the eastern and western moun- 
 tain districts of the county of Ferma- 
 nagh, and is one of the principal feed- 
 ers of Lough Melvin. 
 
 , ROSBERCON. See Ross. 
 
 ROSCOMMON, an inland county 
 of the Province of Connaught, bound- 
 ed on the north and north-east by the 
 county of Leitrim, on the east by that 
 of Longford, on the south-east by those 
 712 
 
 of Westmeath andKing's County, from 
 all of which it is separated by the Shan- 
 non ; on the south-west by the county 
 of Galway, on the west by Mayo, and on 
 the north-west by Sligo. The river 
 Suck separates the county for the 
 greater part from Galway, and the 
 Curlew Mountains for a short dis- 
 tance are theboundary with Sligo. The 
 greatest length from the border of 
 the county of Leitrim on the north, 
 west of Lough Allen, to the junction 
 of the Suck with the Shannon, is 60 
 English miles ; and the greatest 
 breadth, at right angles to the length, 
 from the junction of the county with 
 those of Galway and Mayo, to Lough 
 Forbes near Tarmonbarry, is 40 miles. 
 The breadth of the county, however, 
 is very unequal, and' diminishes to a 
 narrow angle both at the north and 
 south. The area is estimated at 952 
 square miles, or 609,405 English acres, 
 of which 453,555 are cultivated, 131,063 
 are unimproved mountain and bog, 
 and 24,787 are lakes. This is the 
 statement of Mr Griffiths, Engineer, in 
 the table he furnished to the Commit- 
 tee of the House of Lords on Tithes; 
 but Mr Weld, in his Statistical Sur- 
 vey, drawn up under the direction of 
 the Royal Dublin Society, and pub- 
 lished in 1832, limits the area to S32 
 square miles, or 596,821 acres English 
 measure, of which 453,515 are arable, 
 80,908 unimproved mountain and bog, 
 and 12,249 under water. The county is 
 divided into six Baronies, or Half-Ba- 
 ronies, viz., Athlone and Moycarne, 
 Half-Barony, in the south ; Ballintob- 
 ber, in the west; Ballymoe Half-Ba- 
 rony, in the south-west; Boyle, in the 
 north and north-west; and Roscom- 
 mon, in the centre. Portions of the 
 towns of Athlone, Ballinasloe, Car- 
 rick-on-Shannon, and James-tovvn, 
 chiefly in the county of Leitrim, and 
 of Lanesborough in the county of 
 Longford, are within the border. 
 
 The county belongs to the basin 
 of the Shannon, with the exception of 
 a small portion drained by the Moy 
 in its course to Ballina Bay. Al- 
 though the length in a direct line from 
 
ROS OF IRELAND. ROS 
 
 north to south is 60 miles, at least 
 double that extent may be assigned 
 to the frontier line by the windings 
 of the Shannon, and the sinuosities of 
 its expansions, Loughs Allen, Bo- 
 darig, Boffin, and Ree. The surface 
 of the county is partly undulating, 
 but along the banks of the Shannon 
 and the Suck, and in several other 
 parts, it is very flat. The principal 
 groups of mountains are the Brau- 
 lieve and the Slieve-Curkagh ranges, 
 rising from 1000 to 1200 feet, which 
 enter from the .counties of Leitrim 
 aud Sligo on the north-west, and ex- 
 tend a short distance into the county 
 west of Lough Allen ; the Curlew 
 Mountains already mentioned, on the 
 borders of Sligo, near Boyle ; the 
 Slievebawn range, parallel to the 
 Shannon, and not far distant their 
 eastern side gradually sloping down 
 to the bogs in the valley of the river 
 at their base ; the hills between the 
 Shannon and the Suck; and the 
 Slieve-Aelwyn, between Castlerea and 
 Ballinlough on the west. 
 
 The principal rivers are the Shan- 
 non and the Suck, the latter navi- 
 gable for barges. Canals are cut in 
 several places on these rivers, to 
 avoid the rapids and other difficulties. 
 By the termination of the Royal Ca- 
 nal in the Shannon opposite Tarmon- 
 barry, the county enjoys the advan- 
 tages of an intercourse with Dublin. 
 The rivers Breeogue and Lung, which 
 fall into Lough Gara, are streams of 
 no great importance and of limited 
 course. The lakes are very nume- 
 rous, the largest of which is Lough 
 Key, into which are sent the surplus 
 waters of Lough Gara. “ Some of 
 the lakes,” says Mr Weld, “neither re- 
 ceive nor discharge any stream, un- 
 less it be by subterranean courses; 
 these are probably fed by surface water 
 from the adjacent lands, or by springs 
 or land drains. Others, fed in the 
 same way, discharge streams; and 
 others, again, both receive and dis- 
 j charge streams. In many instances 
 I streams pass from lough to lough, 
 connecting them into a chain of lakes 
 713 
 
 for several miles. These streams, 
 however, are rarely navigable, though 
 no doubt exists that some of them 
 might be rendered so, and made to 
 contribute essentially to the conveni- 
 ence and improvement of the coun- 
 ty.” The furloughs, or temporary 
 lakes, which generally commence in 
 winter, and disappear in summer, 
 but varying considerably in different 
 years, are also numerous. They 
 usually occupy shallow basins in lime- 
 stone districts, where fissures in the 
 rocks and holes commonly occur. 
 When the bottom of the turlough is 
 grassy, luxuriant crops are obtained 
 if. the waters soon disappear, but if 
 they remain serious losses ensue. 
 These furloughs are found most fre- 
 quently in the western and central 
 parts of the county. 
 
 Among the minerals are beds of coal, 
 the produce of which answers well 
 for smelting iron, and is used at the 
 Arigna Iron Works (see Arigna). 
 The soil in the limestone district is 
 fertile, but there is abundance of bog 
 or other waste ground, and the ex- 
 tent of pasture land is considerable. 
 The bogs are dispersed over the sur- 
 face in patches of various sizes, and 
 in almost every situation, from the 
 bottoms of the valleys, and banks 
 of the lakes and rivers, to the tops of 
 the highest mountains. Something 
 has been done to reclaim several por- 
 tions of the great extent of waste 
 land, but merely by private individu- 
 als, and not either on a large scale or 
 on any plan of co-operation. Many 
 of the estates are large, some belong- 
 ing to resident landlords, and others 
 to absentees. Rents vary from 20s. 
 and 25s. to 35s. and even L.3 and L.4 
 per acre. Tillage has been extended, 
 but the state of agriculture is wretch- 
 ed, especially on the smaller farms. 
 There are extensive grazing farms, 
 yet even these require much improve- 
 ment. The condition of the peasantry 
 is described as very miserable ; their 
 cabins literally hovels built of mud 
 and sods, with scarcely any furniture, 
 and their clothing deplorable. 
 
1 ROS THE GAZETTEER ROS 
 
 ] The principal antiquities are ruin- 
 
 I ed castles and monastic buildings, 
 
 ! which are elsewhere noticed, along 
 with the political affairs connected 
 with the county (see Athlone, Bal- 
 lintobber, &c.) Roscommon is in- 
 cluded in the Connaught Circuit, and 
 the greater part of the parishes are in 
 the Diocese of Elphin (see Elphin). 
 The amount of Grand Jury Present- 
 ments for 1837 was L.27,052, for re- 
 pairing roads and bridges, jails, bride- 
 wells, houses of correction, police ex- 
 penses, salaries of officers, public 
 charities, and other purposes. The 
 county returns two Members to the 
 Imperial Parliament ; constituency 
 in 1841-2, 1059. Population in 1831, 
 249,613. 
 
 ROSCOMMON, a Barony in the 
 county of its name, divided into 14 
 parishes, and including the towns of 
 Elphin and Strokestown. It is com- 
 puted to contain 57,103 Irish, or 
 94,153 English acres. The highest 
 land in the Barony is Slievebawn, or 
 the White Mountain , pronounced 
 Slee-bon , the accent on the latter syl- 
 lable. It probably derives its name 
 from the whiteness of the silicious 
 sandstone of which it is composed, 
 though this is not observable at a 
 distance, the surface towards the 
 summit being covered with bog, 
 heath, and coarse herbage, and partly 
 cultivated. The loughs are numer- 
 ous, and are almost all connected with 
 the streams. The large turlough of 
 Mantua lies at the north-western ex- 
 tremity of the Barony, and is said to 
 cover upwards of 600 English acres. 
 The greatest extent of bog in any one 
 place is on the base of Slievebawn, on 
 the side next the Shannon. This 
 Barony is agreeably diversified by hill 
 and dale, and by several mansions and 
 well planted demesnes, of which the 
 finest is the seat of Lord Uartland at 
 Strokestown. 
 
 ROSCOMMON, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Baronies of Ballintobber 
 and Athlone, county of its name, and 
 Diocese of Elphin. The county town 
 of Roscommon is 80 English miles in 
 714 
 
 a direct line west by north from Dub- 
 lin, or 95 English miles by the road 
 through Mullingar, Longford, and 
 Lanesborough, or by Mullingar, Bal- 
 ly mahon, and Lanesborough. It ap- 
 pears to have derived its origin and 
 its name, which signifies the Pleasant 
 Place of Coman, from an abbey found- 
 ed in A.D. 540, or 550, by St Coman. 
 Another abbey of greater ^magnifi- 
 cence for Preaching Friars was found- 
 ed in 1257 by O’ Conor, King of Con- 
 naught, and a few years afterwards a 
 strong castle was erected by Sir Ro- 
 bert de Ufford, one of the early Eng- 
 lish adventurers. There are consi- 
 derable remains of these two edifices. 
 The Abbey is on the south side of 
 the town, and contains the tomb 
 of the founder on the north side 
 of the chancel, near the high altar- 
 place, sadly mutilated. The Castle, 
 an obloug quadrangle, with a tower 
 at each angle and two additional 
 towers to defend the gateway, is on 
 the east side, and the town occupies 
 the slopes of au intervening eminence. 
 Roscommon is an ill-built, straggling, 
 and squalid-looking place, entered by 
 miserable and dirty streets, composed 
 of cabins of the poorest description. 
 The streets diverging from the main 
 one are all repulsive, and even the 
 best of them, which leads to the new 
 Court-House, is winding and narrow. 
 The only improved and tolerable part 
 of the town is that lying* on the slope 
 below the Court-House, where are 
 numbers of excellent houses of three 
 storeys erected by Mr Richards, the 
 builder of the Court-House. In this 
 quarter are also several substantial 
 villas, with full grown trees and or- 
 chards. These form a striking con- 
 trast to the old and wretched hovels 
 in the other suburbs, especially in the 
 outlets on the road to Lanesborough. 
 Mr Weld gives the following delecta- 
 ble description of the manner in which 
 the inmates of these cabins revel in 
 filthiness. “ Nothing in the shape of 
 human habitation can be conceived 
 more abject ; no chimneys ; no win- 
 dows; roofs sunken, and apparently 
 
ROS 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ROS 
 
 ready to fall in ; rags, misery, and 
 filth within; and without, dunghills 
 up to the very door, deposited in 
 trenches hollowed out in lines parallel 
 and close to the walls of the houses, 
 and which by successive scraping are 
 rendered deeper and wider year after 
 year. When cleared of the manure, 
 these become so many receptacles for 
 stagnant putrid water, emitting the 
 most loathsome effluvia, doubtless in 
 an eminent degree prejudicial to the 
 health of the poor people who are ex- 
 posed to breathe the contaminated 
 air. Yet the nuisance is one of their 
 own creating, for the sake of the 
 trifling gain which attends the collec- 
 tion of manure ; and I was informed 
 that but few years have elapsed since 
 the same practice extended to the 
 main street of the town, and that it 
 was only abated by the earnest efforts 
 of a few’ individuals, principally of 
 Mr Richards, aided in some degree, 
 but mildly, by the constabulary po- 
 lice. The inhabitants of the poorer 
 class of houses exclusively carry on 
 this business, and when I mention 
 that within the streets of Roscommon 
 there are no less than 400 thatched 
 cabins, of which 61, according to my 
 reckoning, were without chimneys, it 
 may easily be conceived to what a 
 noxious extent this system of collect- 
 ing manure may have been carried.” 
 In addition to the above pestiferous 
 nuisance, the tow n is ill supplied with 
 water. 
 
 A building called the Old Jail is 
 on the summit of the eminence on 
 which the town is situated, but is now 
 used as a Lunatic Asylum, and near 
 this is the former Court-House, con- 
 verted into a Roman Catholic chapel. 
 The new Court-House and County 
 Jail are commodious edifices, without 
 any architectural pretensions ; and 
 near the former is the County Infir- 
 mary, a plain brick building erected j 
 at the sole expense of Mrs Mary Wall- 
 cott, sister of Lord Chief Justice I 
 Caulfield, in 1783. The parish church 
 is a neat structure, with a square 
 tower. It is respectably and very 
 715 
 
 numerously attended, and contains a 
 tolerably good organ. Near the 
 town is a military barrack. The as- 
 sizes for the county are held here, 
 and also the Epiphany and Midsum- 
 mer quarter-sessions for the division, 
 w’hich comprises the Baronies of Ath- 
 lone, Ballymoe, Moycarne, and part 
 of Ballintobber ; and petty sessions 
 for the district. In 1835 six of the 
 eighteen schools in the town were 
 connected with the Kildare Place So- 
 ciety, the London Hibernian, the Lon- 
 don Ladies’ Hibernian Society, or 
 supported by endowment or contri- 
 bution, and one was a Classical school. 
 There is a branch of the National Bank 
 of Ireland. The weekly market is 
 on Saturday, which is generally well 
 attended, and grain and articles of and 
 materials for clothing are sold to a 
 considerable extent. The corn mar- 
 ket has greatly increased, in conse- 
 quence of the improvement of the 
 roads,' and the facilities afforded by 
 the continuation of the Royal Canal 
 to the Shannon. Purchasers of corn 
 are never wanting, and the prices 
 seldom vary much from those of 
 Lanesborough, seven miles distant on 
 the Shannon. In the vicinity is a 
 manufacture of coarse pottery. The 
 shops are numerous, but on the whole 
 the town presents a melancholy ap- 
 pearance of wretchedness and decay. 
 Vast numbers of beggars congregate 
 in Roscommon, and to a stranger the 
 place appears as the head-quarters of 
 mendicity. It is also lamentable to 
 state that prostitution prevails to a 
 frightful extent. 
 
 A daily diligence plies between 
 Roscommon and Killashee, a distance 
 of twelve miles, the nearest point at 
 which the Royal Canal boats pass on 
 the trip to Dublin, and a stage car j 
 runs daily to Athlone, at which tow n i 
 there is a choice of public coaches to ; 
 all parts of the country. The town j 
 is on the estate of the Earl of Essex, 
 whose possessions within the county 
 are said to comprise 36,000 acres, ge- 
 nerally leased for long terms at very 
 low rents, but which, if out of lease, ! 
 
would bring, it is supposed, L.30,000 
 per annum. Mr Weld thinks it ne- 
 cessary to express himself in the fol- 
 lowing severe language respecting 
 the Noble proprietor : — “ Whoever 
 enters the town of Roscommon may 
 learn, from the first person he meets, 
 that the whole of it belongs to the 
 Earl of Essex, and the inference is 
 naturally drawn, that the wretched , 
 hovels without chimneys or windows 
 which he sees before him contribute 
 their miserable pittance, and so in fact 
 they do, to swell the income of an 
 absentee landlord.” The Earl of 
 Essex appoints a seneschal, who holds 
 a manor court, and can take cognis- 
 ance of debts not exceeding L.5. Be- 
 fore the Union Workhouse was erect- 
 ed no corporation for the relief of the 
 poor existed, and there were no hos- 
 pitals or houses of industry. 
 
 Roscommon gives the title of Earl 
 to the Noble Family of Dillon, said to 
 be descended from Logan Delune, or 
 the Jaliant, the third son of O’Neal, 
 King of Ireland, who fled to the Con- 
 tinent in consequence of killing his 
 father’s nephew, Coleman, in single 
 combat ; and marrying the heiress of 
 Aquitaiue, his descendants became 
 sovereign princes of that Dukedom. 
 Sir Henry Delion, son of Thomas 
 Duke of Aquitaine, accompanied the 
 Earl of Moreton, afterwards King 
 John, to Ireland in 1185, and receiv- 
 ed the extensive territorial grants in 
 the counties of Longford and West- 
 meath then designated Dillon's Coun- 
 try, but altered, by the statute of 34 
 Henry VIII., to the Barony of Kil- 
 kenny West. Sir James Dillon was 
 created Baron Dillon and Kilkenny- 
 West in 1619, and Earl of Roscommon 
 in 1622. Wentworth, fourth Earl, 
 nephew of the great Earl of Strafford, 
 was a distinguished poet of his age, 
 and is celebrated both by Dryden and 
 Pope. He died in 1684, and w’as 
 buried in Westminster Abbey. Mi- 
 chael James Robert Dillon, Esq., de- 
 scended from the Hon. Patrick Dillon 
 of Rath, seventh son of James first 
 Earl, succeeded as twelfth Earl by de- 
 716 
 
 cision of the House of Lords in 1S2S, 
 after the titles had been iu abeyance 
 since the death of James eleventh 
 Earl, in 1816. In 1841, however, two 
 rival claimants of the Earldom, both 
 in very humble circumstances, were 
 on the field. Population of the town 
 in 1831,3306; of the parish, 8374. 
 
 ROSCOMROE, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Ballybrit, King’s 
 County, and Diocese of Killaloe. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1287. Post-town, 
 Birr. 
 
 ROSCON, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Dunkellin, county of 
 Galway, and Diocese of Tuam, not 
 specified by this name in the Eccle* 
 siastical Register or Population Re- 
 turn. Post-town, Galway. 
 
 ROSCOXNELL, a parish and rec- 
 tory partly in the Baronies of Fassa- 
 dining, county of Kilkenny, and partly 
 in that of Upper Ossory, Queen’s 
 County, and Diocese of Ossory. Post- 
 town, Ballinakill. 
 
 ROSCREA, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ikerrin, 
 couuty of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. The town of Roscrea, the 
 principal thoroughfare between Tip- 
 perary and King's County, is 59 Irish 
 miles from Dublin by Naas, New- 
 bridge, Kildare, Monastereven, Mary- 
 borough, Mountrath, and Borris-in- 
 Ossory, and seven miles from Money- 
 gall, on the road to Limerick, in a de- 
 lightful district on the northern 
 verge of a part of the couuty, and be- 
 tween the Slievebloom and Devil’s- 
 Bit range of mountains. It is a place 
 of great antiquity, and was constituted 
 a Bishopric in the seventh century, 
 which merged into the See of Killaloe 
 in the twelfth century. The founder 
 of it is said to have been St Cronan, 
 who flourished about A.D. 620, but 
 no record of its Bishops is preserved. 
 Some remains of the Cathedral are 
 still to be seen in the west front of 
 the old church, in the beautiful style 
 of the ninth century. Near it is a 
 large stone cross, and iu the vicinity 
 an ancient round tower. The Shrine 
 of Si Cronan, who is the patron of 
 
ROS 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ROS 
 
 , Roscrea, and who died here after the 
 ; performance of many alleged miracles, 
 i is a large effigied stone. O’Carrol, 
 i King of Munster, founded a Francis- 
 can Friary about 1490, and consider- 
 able ruins of it remain. The old 
 ; Castle of Roscrea, erected by the 
 Noble Family of Ormond, and now 
 attached to the Infantry Barracks, is 
 a striking object in the centre of the 
 town, but a former Castle was erected 
 here by King John in 1213. The pub- 
 lic buildings are the parish church, 
 Roman Catholic chapel, several Dis- 
 senting meeting-houses, the Infant- 
 ry Barracks, Court-House, Market- 
 Hbuse, Union- Workhouse, and other 
 edifices, all very plain. The Roscrea 
 Union includes Bourna, Moneygall, 
 Shinrone, Erril, Rathdowney, and 
 Borris-in-Ossory. The town, though 
 a straggling place, is of considerable 
 extent, and considerable business is 
 done in grain and the retail trade. 
 In the vicinity are the seats of Birch 
 Hill, Corville, and several villas, and 
 two miles distant are the extensive 
 plantations of the Earl of Norbury. 
 Population in 1831,5512; ofthe parish, 
 9096. 
 
 ROSENELLIS, or Gregan, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Tinnehinch, Queen’s County, 
 and Diocese of Kildare, is three miles 
 from Mountmellick, picturesquely si- 
 tuated at the base of the Slievebloom 
 Mountains. See Mountmellick. 
 
 ROSHIN, a headland on the coast of 
 the county of Donegal, on the shore 
 of the Gweebara estuary, three miles 
 below Bally nacarrick, near which are 
 the church and glebe-house of Ro- 
 shin. 
 
 ROSINAN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Knocktopher, coun- 
 ty of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory. 
 Post-town, Inuistioge. 
 
 ROSKEEN, or Ruskeen, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Du- 
 hallow, county of Cork, and Diocese 
 of Cloyne, on the Blackwater. Ros- 
 keen Bridge, over the Blackwater, is 
 on the road from Mallow to Mill- 
 street. Pcst-town, Clonmell. 
 
 717 j 
 
 ROSLARE, a sandy peninsula four 
 miles in extent, forming one of the 
 boundaries of the Bay of Wexford. 
 On one side it has a remarkably sterile 
 appearance. Numbers of cottages 
 are erected on it for sea-bathing ac- 
 commodation. 
 
 ROSNAKILL, a hamlet between 
 Knockalla and Mulroy Bay, county of 
 Donegal, two miles from Ballymas- 
 tocker Bay, one of the numerous in- 
 lets of Lough Swilly. 
 
 ROSS, an ancient See in the county 
 of Cork, said to have been founded in 
 the sixth century, the episcopal seat 
 of which w r as at Rosscarbery. St 
 Fuchnan is mentioned as the first 
 Bishop, but little is known of the 
 early prelates till after the arrival of 
 the English. A succession of twenty- 
 eight Bishops of Ross is given, from 
 St Fachnan to Bishop William Lyon, 
 who held the See with those of Cork 
 and Cloyne in 1533, and it w r as after- 
 wards finally annexed to Cork. The 
 Chapter consists of the Dean, Chan- 
 cellor, Chanter, Treasurer, Arch- 
 deacon, and five Prebendaries. The 
 Diocese includes 33 parishes, con- 
 stituting 28 benefices, and extends 
 about 32 miles in length by an average 
 breadth of eight miles. It is con- 
 siderably intermingled with the Dio- 
 cese of Cork, and a detached part lies 
 among the mountains of Bere and 
 Bantry. The Diocesan School is an- 
 nexed to that of Cork, and the salary 
 of the master, whose appointment is 
 vested in the Lord-Lieutenant, is L.30 
 per annum. 
 
 ROSS, a Barony of the county of 
 Galway, divided into three parishes. 
 
 ROSS, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of its name, and 
 Diocese of Tuam, on Lough Mask. A 
 Monastery for Conventual Francis- 
 cans was founded here in 1431, which 
 the Observantines remodified in 1470. 
 Population in 1831, 4361 . Post-town, 
 Ballinrobe. 
 
 ROSS, a peninsula in the Lower 
 Lake of Killarney, county of Kerry, 
 formerly a military station, garrisoned 
 during the Civil Wars, and the last 
 
EOS THE GAZETTEER EOS 
 
 place of strength in the Province of 
 Munster which held out against the 
 Parliamentary Army, before it was 
 taken by General Ludlow. The an- 
 cient castle was formerly a seat of 
 the O’Donoghues. Copper mines 
 have been wrought here by the Hi- 
 bernian Mining Company. The pen- 
 insula is often called Ross Island, but 
 it is only an island in winter, and is con- 
 nected with the mainland by a cause- 
 way and bridge. See Killarney. 
 
 ROSS FERRY, a locality 15 Irish 
 miles from the Coast Guard Station 
 of Balderig, on the shore of Mayo. In 
 this quarter is much magnificent cliff 
 and marine scenery on the iron-bound 
 coast. 
 
 ROSS (LOUGH), a small detached 
 lake in the county of Galway, near 
 Lough Corrib, on the road from Gal- 
 way to Oughterard, round the banks 
 of which extends the demesne of the 
 handsome mansion of Ross. 
 
 ROSS (LOUGH), a small lake in 
 the county of Monaghan, which re- 
 ceives the stream from Lough Mack- 
 no, in its passage to the Fane river. 
 
 ROSS (NEW), a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, called St Mary’s, New 
 Ross, in the Barony of Bantry, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. 
 The town of Ross, or New Ross, is 
 an improving parliamentary borough 
 on the Barrow, which is here deep and 
 navigable, two miles above its junction 
 with the Nore, 16 Irish miles from En- 
 niscorthy,by Stone Pound, and 19 Irish 
 miles from Newtowubarry. The 
 banks of the Barrow here rise rather 
 abruptly to a considerable height 
 above the stream, and the higher 
 parts of the town are steep and of 
 difficult access, the lower and level 
 streets extending along the river ad- 
 joining the quay. The Barrow, 
 which is often marked in charts as 
 the Ross River, is navigable to the 
 quay for vessels of 500 tons, but the 
 vicinity to Waterford, where almost 
 all the agricultural produce is con- 
 veyed and reshipped, operates against 
 the town as a place of direct export. 
 The trade, however, is improving, and 
 718 
 
 there is daily steam communication 
 to Waterford for passengers and 
 goods. New lines of excellent roads 
 are opened in all directions round the 
 town, which must tend greatly to its 
 comfort and prosperity. New Ross 
 is one of the principal markets for 
 grain and flour in the county. The 
 town is on the verge of the county of 
 Wexford, being separated from that 
 of Kilkenny by the Barrow, which is 
 crossed by a wooden bridge of 609 
 feet in length, on the opposite side of 
 which is the suburb of Rosbercon. 
 The modern parish church is. a neat 
 edifice faced with cut stone, and con- 
 nected with the ruined monastery of 
 St Saviour. There are two Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapels, one of them a Priory 
 erected after spirited designs ; exten- 
 sive store-houses line the river side ; 
 the quays on both sides of the river 
 are commodious ; and there are seve- 
 ral comfortable inns, one of which, 
 fronting Bridge Street, is a large edi- 
 fice. New Ross in former times 
 contained a number of religious 
 houses, among which was the Crouch- 
 ed Friary, on the summit of an emi- 
 nence within the town ; but one of the 
 brotherhood having slain a towns- 
 man, the inhabitants rose in furious 
 indignation, killed the friars, and de- 
 stroyed their buildings. A monastery 
 for Conventual Franciscans was found- 
 ed by Sir John Devereux on the site 
 of the above Friary, and a house for 
 Augustinians in the reign of Edward 
 III. 
 
 The town was formerly walled and 
 fortified, but it made a feeble resist- 
 ance to Cromwell’s troops when it 
 was defended by Lord Taaffe and a 
 numerous garrison. An obstinate 
 engagement occurred here in 1798 
 between the military and the rebels, 
 at which unhappy period the town 
 was considerably injured, and the 
 buildings since added are erected in 
 a most irregular manner. At the 
 time of that rebellion the town ap- 
 pears to have been walled and 
 strengthened by several towers. On 
 the north side near the river was the 
 
ROS 
 
 North Gate; on the east side were j 
 successively the Maiden Tower, Mar- 
 ket Gate, Bunnion Gate, Weavers’ 
 Tower, and Broguemakers’ Tower, 
 the Market Gate leading from Market 
 Street, on the north side of St Mary’s 
 Church, and parallel with Maiden 
 Lane to the Inchtown road to Ennis- 
 corthy and Wexford ; and on the 
 south side were the Three Bullet 
 Gate, where Lord Mountjoy was kill- 
 ed on the 3d of June 1798, leading to 
 Wexford by Foulk’s Mill on the east, 
 and to Fethard and Slievehilta, direct 
 south where the rebels were encamp- 
 ed ; Mary’s Tower ; and the Priory, 
 or South Gate, leading from South 
 Street and Friary Street to the Wa- 
 terford road. The rebels approached 
 the town by Lacken Hill, and after- 
 wards on Corbet Hill. General John- 
 son was summoned to surrender by 
 their leader, Bagenal Harvey. At 
 five in the morning of the 5th of June 
 about 30,000 of the rebels approached 
 the town with terrific yells, and ex- 
 cited by numbers of Roman Catholic 
 priests, who moved through their 
 ranks clad in their vestments, with 
 crucifixes in their hands. They were 
 repulsed in their first attack at the 
 Three Bullet Gate, and they fled pre- 
 cipitately before a detachment of the 
 5th Dragoons under Captain Irvine, 
 but they at length succeeded in en- 
 tering the town, and obliged the main 
 body of the royal troops to retire by 
 the bridge to the Kilkenny or Rosber- 
 con side. By the heroic conduct of 
 General Johnson, however, they were 
 at last expelled with the loss of 2600 
 men, besides numbers whom they 
 carried off in cars, and they made the 
 best of their way to the rock of Car- 
 rickbyrne, beyond Lacken Hill and 
 Old Ross, on the road to Wexford. 
 Numbers of them encamped on the 
 steep and lofty Slievehilta Mountain, 
 about four miles from New Ross, be- 
 yond Corbet Hill, whence they re- 
 moved to Lacken Hill, where they re- 
 mained till dislodged by General J ohn- 
 son on his march to Vinegar Hill. Half 
 of the houses in the Cross Lane, almost 
 719 
 
 ROS 
 
 | every one in Friary Street, several in 
 Michael Street, Neville Street, and 
 Mary Street, and a great part of Irish- 
 town, w'ere fired by the rebels ; but a 
 party of them were burnt to death in 
 a house at the upper end of Mary 
 Street, to which the military set fire. 
 Mr Tottenham, the proprietor of the 
 town, employed six carts and a great 
 many men two days in collecting the 
 bodies of tbe slain, many of whom 
 found in the streets and lanes were 
 thrown into the river and carried 
 down by the tide ; *ctnd the remainder 
 were buried in a fosse outside the 
 town wall. The royal troops lost a 
 colonel, an ensign, four sergeants, and 
 84 men, among whom was Lord 
 Mountjoy. 
 
 The Rosbercon or Kilkenny sub- 
 urb, which has also extensive stores 
 and quays, is in the parish of Ida, and 
 Diocese of Ossory, and is capable from 
 its situation of great improvement. 
 Some ruins of a monastery dedicated 
 to the Virgin Mary still exist. Al- 
 though, as already stated, much of 
 the trade of New Ross is monopolised 
 by Waterford, there is a considerable 
 business in the export of wool, butter, 
 bacon, and agricultural produce. In 
 1835 the value of the exports was 
 L. 59,074; imports, L. 28,007. The 
 
 town returns one Member to the Im- 
 perial Parliament; constituency in 
 1841-2, 277. New Ross obtained char- 
 ters from Henry IV., Richard II., 
 Henry V., Henry VI., James I., and 
 James II., and the government of the 
 town was vested in a Sovereign, De- 
 puty-Recorder, Bailiff, and Town- 
 Clerk ; but by the Municipal Act for 
 Ireland this corporation is dissolved, 
 and provision made for its recon- 
 struction under the title of the Sove- 
 reign and Burgesses of New Ross, 
 which came into operation in Novem- j 
 berl841. An ancestor of the Totten- j 
 ham family endowed a Classical 
 school to a limited extent ; the for- 
 mer Corporation supported one at 
 their own expense; and the town j 
 contains a charter school, a girls’ 
 school in the convent of the Carmelite : 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
ROS THE GAZETTEER ROS 
 
 Nuns, and several others. .The en- 
 virons of New Ross are very beauti- 
 ful. Close to the town is the man- 
 sion of Macmurragh, the seat of Mr 
 Tottenham , opposite are the villas of 
 Woodville and Rosemount, on the 
 rising grounds above which are the 
 ruins of Mountgarret Castle; below 
 the town, on the river, are the de- 
 mesnes of Oatlands and Stokestown ; 
 about a mile on the Wexford road is 
 Talbot Hall ; two miles south is the 
 mansion of Carnagh ; and at the con- 
 fluence of the Barrow and the Nore 
 is Ringwood, the seat of Viscount 
 Clifden. Population in 1831, 5011. 
 
 ROSS (OLD), a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Bantry, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, adjoining New Ross. The 
 village of Old Ross is five miles from 
 the borough of New Ross, a short 
 distance beyond Lacken Hill, at the 
 branching of the roads to Ennis- 
 corthy and Wexford. Population in 
 1831,2402. 
 
 ROSSCARBERY, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of East Car- 
 bery, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Ross. The ancient town of Ross- 
 carbery, once the seat of the Bishop- 
 ric of Ross, is about seven miles from 
 Cloghnakilty, and ten miles from Skib- 
 bereen, on the road from Cork by 
 Bandon to Bantry. It is situated at 
 the head of a narrow* creek of the sea 
 west of Cloghnakilty Bay, and its 
 Cathedral, adorned with a spire, and 
 embosomed among trees, forms a 
 beautiful landscape, combined with 
 the wooded banks of Ross Bay. The 
 town consist of a square, from the 
 four angles of which issue as many 
 narrow lanes. The Market Hall and 
 Roman Catholic chapel are the chief 
 public edifices, in addition to the Ca- 
 thedral, now used as the parish 
 church. On the road side are the Post- 
 Office, Inn, Court-House, and corn- 
 stores. The harbour is filled with 
 sand, and though several fairs’ are 
 held the town is in a decayed state. 
 “ The approach to Rosscarbery," says 
 Mr Inglis, “is extremely picturesque. 
 
 720 
 
 It stands on an elevation at the head 
 of a long narrow inlet of the sea, 
 flanked by wooded banks, and itself 
 half hidden in wood. We skirted 
 J the town, and Stopped opposite the 
 | Court-House, where a petty sessions 
 had been held. The court had just 
 broken up, and the room emptied it- 
 self of as ragged a population as I had 
 yet anywhere seen. I scarcely saw 
 one woman or girl with shoes or 
 stockings, and here for the first time 
 I observed a considerable number of 
 the men also barefooted. The Court- 
 House is certainly not the place 
 where any one would have gone bare- 
 footed from choice. After leaving 
 this town the country becomes ex- 
 tremely picturesque. We passed 
 along and round the heads of deep 
 winding wooded inlets of the sea, re- 
 minding one in some degree of the 
 Norwegian scenery on a small scale." 
 In the vicinity are the residences of 
 Derry and Downeen Castle. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 1522; of parish, 8714. 
 
 ROSSCLOGHER, a mountainous 
 Barony, divided into three parishes, 
 in the county of Leitrim. 
 
 ROSSCLOGHER, a village in the 
 Barony of its name, at the base of the 
 Dartree Mountains, on the banks of 
 Lough Melvin, and in the vicinity of 
 Bally shannon. 
 
 ROSSDAGH, aparish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne, on the Black- 
 water. Post-town, Castletown-Roche. 
 
 ROSSDROIT, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Bantry, county of 
 Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, on 
 the Bovey stream. Population in 
 1831, 1976. Post-town, Enniscor- 
 
 thy. 
 
 ROSSDUFF, a very small parish 
 and entire rectory in the Barony of 
 Gualtier, county and Diocese of 
 Waterford, on Waterford Harbour. 
 Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 ROSSE, or Ross, a village and 
 townland in the parish of Skreene, 
 county of Meath. This is probably 
 the locality which gives the title of 
 Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 
ROS OF IRELAND. EOS 
 
 ROSSGUIL, a wild peninsula of 
 
 Noble Family of Parsons, descended 
 from Sir William Parsons, created a 
 Baronet in 1620, and the members of 
 which have at different times filled 
 high official situations in the state, 
 while they have been also eminent at 
 the bar and in the senate. Sir Rich- 
 ard, great-grandson of the first Ba- 
 ronet, was created Baron Oxmantown 
 and Viscount Rosse in 1681 ; his son, 
 the second Viscount, was elevated to 
 the dignity of Earl of Rosse in 1718. 
 This nobleman wa3 succeeded by his 
 son Richard second Earl, at whose 
 death, in 1746, the honours became ex- 
 tinct, and the representation of the 
 family devolved upon Sir William 
 Parsons, Bart., of Birr, descended 
 from Laurence Parsons, Esq., brother 
 of Sir William Parsons, first Baronet, 
 already mentioned, whose grandson 
 had been created a Baronet in 1677. 
 Laurence, eldest son of Sir William 
 Parsons, Bart., succeeded to the Ba- 
 ronetcy at the death of his father in 
 1791, and to the Peerage in 1807, as 
 second Earl, at the death of his uncle, 
 who had been created Earl of Rosse in 
 1806. Another authority assigns the 
 town of New Ross in Wexford as giv- 
 ing the title of this Earldom. 
 
 ROSSES (The), a remote part of 
 the Barony of Boylagh, county of Do- 
 negal, extending along the shore op- 
 posite the island of North Arran, and 
 including the island of Rutland and 
 the numerous islands off the coast. 
 This district, which is the property 
 of the Marquis of Conyngham, is pe- 
 culiarly wild, desolate, and uninvit- 
 ing, yet it is now frequently visited 
 by tourists, and has a considerable 
 population scattered along its shores. 
 Some attempts have been made at 
 cultivation on the bleak swamps and 
 wastes, which here abound in all di- 
 rections. 
 
 ROSSES (Upper and Lower), two 
 villages in the parish of Drumcliffe, 
 county of Sligo, on the peninsula be- 
 tween the Pool of Sligo and the Bay 
 of Drumcliffe. At Bomore, in the 
 vicinity, subscription races are occa- 
 sionally held. 
 
 721 
 
 the county of Donegal, extending from 
 the village of Carrigart, which is 
 situated on the narrow neck of land 
 between Sheephaven and Muiroy 
 Bays. In this quarter, about a mile 
 north of Carrigart, stood in 1784 the 
 mansiqn of Rosapenna House, the 
 seat of Lord Boyne, now completely 
 covered with sand. “ Northward of 
 Dow Castle,” says the author of 
 Sketches in the North and South i 
 of Ireland, “ lie the sands of Rosa- 
 penna, a scene that almost realizes in 
 Ireland the sandy deserts of Arabia — 
 a line of coast and country extending 
 from the sea deep into the land, un- 
 til it almost meets the mountain on i 
 which we stood, and exhibiting one 
 wide waste of red sand ; for miles not 
 a blade of grass, not a particle of ver- 
 dure, hills and dales, and undulating 
 swells, smooth, solitary, desolate, re- 
 flecting the sun from their polished 
 surface of one uniform and flesh-like 
 hue. Fifty years ago (in 1784) this 
 line of coast was as highly improved 
 in its way as Ards on the opposite 
 side of the Bay now is. It was the 
 much ornamented demesne of Lord 
 Boyne, an old-fashioned manorial 
 house and gardens, planted and laid 
 out in the taste of that time, with 
 avenues, terraces, hedges, and statues, 
 surrounded with walled parks, and 
 altogether the first residence of a i 
 nobleman — the country around a 
 great sheep walk. Now not a ves- 
 tige of all this is to be seen ; one com- ; 
 mon waste of sand, one undistinguish- i 
 ed ruin, covers all. Where is the 
 house ? — under the sand. Where the 
 trees, the walks, the terraces, the 
 green parks, and sheep walks ? — all 
 under the sand. Lately the top of 
 the house was visible, and the coun- 
 try people used to descend by the 
 roof into some of the apartments that 
 were not filled up, but now nothing 
 is to be seen.” This melancholy pic- 
 ture is perhaps without a parallel in 
 the British dominions, except the 
 Sands of Culbin on the Moray Frith j 
 in Scotland, and the Goodwin Sands j 
 
KOS THE GAZETTEER ROS 
 
 in England ; yet something should have 
 been done to prevent such a desolation 
 occurring in the end of the 18th cen- 
 tury. It is well known that the sea 
 reed, or bent grass, is capable, even 
 when unassisted by human skill, of 
 fastening the sand, and preventing the 
 encroachments of the ocean. In a 
 popular Irish publication in 1832, it 
 is stated — “ A most successful expe- 
 riment of this nature is going on at 
 Lifibney, one of Lord Palmerston’s 
 estates in the county of Sligo, situat- 
 ed on Donegal Bay, midway between 
 Sligo and Bally shannon. Along the 
 coast the sea sets in very heavily, and 
 not a single headland presents itself 
 to break the fury of the storm, as it 
 blows across the vast Atlantic. The 
 sand was rapidly covering great por- 
 tions of valuable land, and Lord Pal- 
 merston, to check the progress of the 
 invasion, commenced to plant the sea 
 bent on a small promontory adjoining 
 the harbour of Mullachmore.” The 
 experiment was completely success- 
 ful, and several hundred acres of this 
 tenacious grass, which extends its 
 roots in every possible direction, and 
 pushes through many feet of the 
 sand, is now converted from a path- 
 less waste to a verdant pasture, on 
 which cattle are grazed during the 
 : summer months. It is said that the 
 desolation of Rosapenna demesne was 
 caused by permitting rabbits to bur- 
 row under the bent grass, which 
 loosened the sand, and exposed it to 
 be drifted before the wind. 
 
 ROSSINVER, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Rossclogher, 
 county of Leitrim, and Diocese of 
 Kilmore, extending into the Lower 
 Half-Barony of Carbery, county of 
 I Sligo. Population in 1831, 13,370. 
 Post-town, Ballyshannon. 
 
 ROSSLARE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Forth, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns on the coast, the rectory form- 
 iug part of the corps of the Diocese 
 of Ferns. Population in 1831, 897 
 Post-town, Wexford. 
 
 ROSSLEE, a parish, rectory and 
 722 
 
 vicarage, with a hamlet of its name, 
 in the Barony of Carragh, county of 
 Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 88S. Post-town, Hol- 
 lymount. 
 
 ROSSMANOGUE, a parish and 
 rectory in the Baronies of Gorey and 
 Scarewalsh, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, on the Bawn. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1211. Post-town, 
 Gorey. 
 
 ROSSMERE, a parish, impropriate 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Baronies 
 of Decies-without-Drum and Upper- 
 third, county of Waterford, and Dio- 
 cese of Lismore. Population in 1831, 
 2484. Post-town, Kilmacthomas. 
 
 ROSSMORE, a demesne and ele- 
 gant seat about two miles from the 
 town of Monaghan, on the’ road to 
 Newbliss, which gives the title of 
 Baron, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the Noble Family of Westenra, 
 General Robert Cunningham was 
 created Baron Rossmore of Rossmore 
 Park in 1796, with reversion to the 
 lieirs-male of two of the sisters of his 
 lady, who was the daughter and co- 
 heiress of John Murray, Esq., by 
 whom he had no issue. One of those 
 ladies was the wife of Henry Wes- 
 tenra, Esq., member for Monaghan, 
 in the Irish Parliament, descended 
 from Warner Westenra, Esq., a gen- 
 tleman who emigrated to Ireland in 
 the reign of Charles I. Warner Wil- 
 liam Westenra succeeded in virtue of 
 the patent, as second Lord, at the 
 death of the first Baron in 1801. 
 
 ROSSORY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Glen- 
 awly and Magheraboy, county of Fer- 
 managh, and Diocese of Clogher. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 4338. Post-town, 
 Enniskillen. 
 
 ROSSTREVOR, properly Rose- 
 trevor, a town in the parish of Kil- 
 broney, county of Down, 57 Irish 
 miles from Dublin, seven miles from 
 Newry by Warren’s Point, and about 
 eight miles from Kilkeel. The name 
 of Rose- Trevor was applied to the 
 place at the marriage of Rose, 
 youngest daughter of Sir Marmaduke 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 ROU 
 
 Whitchurch, with the Viscount Dun- 
 gannon, whose family seat of Iveagh 
 Castle was always designated Rose- 
 trevor. The former name was Cas- 
 tle-Rory, from Rory, one of the 
 Magennis family, its founder. The 
 town is delightfully situated at the 
 head of a small cove in Carling- 
 ford Bay, and at the base of Slieve- 
 Bane, one of the lower summits 
 of the southern termination of the 
 Mourne Mountains, rising to the 
 height of nearly 2000 feet. Rosstrevor 
 is a neat well-built little town, con- 
 taining a handsome parish church, 
 Roman Catholic chapel, a market- 
 hall, a good inn, and comfortable ac- 
 commodation for sea-bathers, by 
 whom it is a favourite summer resort, 
 a reading-room, and library. Near 
 the beach is the monumental obelisk, 
 erected to the memory of General 
 Ross, who fell in the battle of Bla- 
 densburg near Baltimore, in Septem- 
 ber 1814. The residence called the 
 Lodge, the seat of Mr Ross, the pro- 
 prietor of the town, is surrounded by 
 an extensive and beautiful demesne 
 finely planted. The vicinity of Ross- 
 trevor is remarkably picturesque, 
 and the scenery is justly admired. 
 Almost every eminence is occupied 
 by a villa, displaying every kind of 
 rustic architecture, and roads are 
 j carried round the mountains and pe- 
 netrate the glens in all directions, 
 j Near the parish church of Kilbroney, 
 which is in ruins, is a large bleaching- 
 : mill. Rosstrevor has no trade beyond 
 an occasional coal sloop sailing up to 
 it, and a few fishing boats. Fairs are 
 held on the 18th of February, 21st of 
 April, 9th of June, 1st of August, 19th 
 of September, 1st of November, and 
 11th of December. Population in 
 1831, 996. 
 
 ROSSTRUNE, a small island in 
 Clew Bay, county of Mayo. 
 
 ROSTELLAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Imo- 
 killy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, on the eastern side of Cork 
 Harbour. In this parish, near Far- 
 sit, is Rostellan, the splendid seat of 
 723 
 
 the Marquis of Thomond, on a tongue 
 of land about a mile broad between 
 the creeks of Farsit and Saleen. It 
 is a modern mansion, occupying the 
 site of an ancient castle of the Fitz- 
 geralds, Seneschals of Imokilly, and 
 the demesne is of unrivalled beauty 
 ^as it respects situation and scenery, 
 commanding, in addition, the finest 
 views of Cork Harbour, its shores, 
 islands, and shipping. In the man- 
 sion is a, small armoury, and a sword 
 alleged to have been that belonging 
 to the great King Brien Boromhe, the 
 hero of Clontarf, and reputed ancestor 
 of the Noble Family of Thomond, is 
 shown to strangers. In 1648 the fa- 
 mous Lord Inchiquin obtained a 
 grant of this property, “ to the preju- 
 dice, v says Mr Windele, “of its right- 
 ful owner, Richard Fitzgerald of Ros- 
 tellan, the descendant of the Senes- 
 chals of Imokilly — a house now re- 
 presented by the Fitzgeralds of Cas- 
 tle-Richard, which grant was further 
 confirmed to him in the 18th year of 
 Charles II.” On the terrace above 
 the water is the statue of Lord Hawke, 
 his back turned to the element on 
 which he gained his fame. The ex- 
 | planation of thi? is, that it was order- 
 j ed by the Corporation of Cork, whose 
 I zeal evaporated before it was com- 
 pleted, and they positively refused to 
 take it from the artist. It was pur- 
 chased by the Noble proprietor of , 
 Rcstellan, who placed it in such a si- 
 tuation that the hero’s back is turn- 
 ed towards the city. The hamlet of | 
 Rostellan is about three miles from j 
 Cloyne. See Cork and Cloyne. 
 
 ROUGH AN (LOUGH), a small lake j 
 in the county of Tyrone, on the road 
 from Dungannon to Coleraine, be- i 
 yond the mansion of Lisdhue. On its 
 banks is Roughan Castle. 
 
 ROUGHFORT, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Templepatrick, county of An- 
 trim, at which fairs are held on the 
 31st of May and 29th of November. 
 
 ROUNDFORT, a small village in 
 the county of Mayo, near the post-vil- | 
 lage of Hollymount. 
 
 ROUNDSTONE, a village in the 
 
ROU THE GAZETTEER RUS 
 
 county of Galway, about five Irish 
 miles from Bally nahinch, on the Bay 
 of its name, consisting of a number of 
 well-built two storey houses, a small 
 inn, and having a rude pier. It was 
 built by the late Mr Nimmo, who leased 
 the lands from Mr Martin of Ballyna- 
 hinch, and carries on some trade, par- 
 ticularly in fishing. Behind it rises 
 the mountain of Urrisbeg, the view 
 of Connemara from the summit of 
 which is singular and interesting, the 
 whole of its western coast, with its 
 numerous bays and islets, being laid 
 open, while northward is seen the 
 extensive flat moorland district stud- 
 ded with small lakes, through which 
 the excellent new road from Round- 
 stone to Clifden is carried. The 
 prospect also includes the Twelve 
 Pins, and the river, lake, and demesne 
 of Ballynaiiinch. The harbour of 
 Roundstone is safe and commodious, 
 having excellent anchorage, and suf- 
 ficient depth of water for vessels of 
 the largest class at any state of the 
 tide. Eastward is the Bay Harbour, 
 or Bay of Birterbuy, a part of Round- 
 stone, studded with islands, the largest 
 of which, called Cruanakeely, is used 
 as a deer-park. A road is carried 
 along the coast from Roundstone to 
 Slyne Head. <c The exports from 
 Roundstone,” says Mr Inglis, “ are 
 oats, turf, and sea-weed for Galway 
 and the ports of Clare. Many intel- 
 ligent persons are of opinion that the 
 site was ill chosen, and that it will 
 never rise to any great prosperity.” 
 i( The harbour of Roundstone,” says 
 the Sportsman in Ireland, “ now 
 opened to us, in all the majesty of a 
 fine deep bay, well protected from the 
 Atlantic gales by numerous islands of 
 rocks forming a natural breakwater. 
 The passage up to the rude quay 
 which the natives had erected was 
 easy, the regret which accompanied 
 the view of a harbour, by nature’s 
 hand alone constructed, capable of 
 receiving ships of almost every bur- 
 den, but uncheered by a single mast 
 save the wretched turf boats, was in- 
 expressible. A lew straggling houses 
 724 
 
 along the quay form the town of 
 Roundstone, the capital of this im- 
 mense tract, where, from the park 
 gates to the house of the proprietor, it 
 is boastingly put forth that fifty miles 
 may be numbered.” 
 
 ROUNDTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Rathfarnham, county of 
 Dublin, about two miles and a half 
 south from the Post-Office in Sack- 
 ville Street. It is a remarkably neat 
 and pleasant village, built in the form 
 of a circle, and in the vicinity are 
 numerous elegant seats and villas. 
 Bushy Park. (Shaw, Bart.) is a spa- 
 cious brick mansion in a fine demesne, 
 and Fortfield, Kimmage, and Tere- 
 nure, are delightful residences, sur- 
 rounded by pleasure-grounds of great 
 beauty. Among the villas are Fort- 
 field Lodge, Fanny ville, Elm Grove, 
 Wainsfort, St John’s, Willow Mount, 
 Tallant House, Ashfield, Mountain 
 View, Prospect, ' Rathgar House, 
 Mount Saville, Everton, &c. 
 
 ROUND WOOD, a small village in 
 the parish of Derrylossory, county of 
 Wicklow, on the Vartry river, eight 
 Irish miles from Enniskerry and five 
 miles from Glendalough. Here are a 
 Roman Catholic chapel and two good 
 inns, the latter erected for the accom- 
 modation of anglers, and of tourists 
 to the Seven Churches, no other inn 
 being nearer. In the neighbourhood 
 are Loughs Dan and Tay. The pa- 
 rish church of Derrylossory is a mile 
 distant from the village. 
 
 ROWER, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Ida, county 
 of Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, 
 at the confluence of the Nore and 
 Barrow. Population in 1831, 35a9. 
 Post-town, Innistioge. 
 
 ROYAL OAK, a village in the 
 parish of Killinane, county of Carlow, 
 two miles from Leighlin Bridge, on 
 the road from Carlow to Waterford. 
 Near it is the residence of Malcolm- 
 ville. 
 
 RUSH, a small sea-port and fishing 
 village in the parish of East Lusk, 
 county of Dublin, 13 Irish miles from 
 Dublin, and six miles from Swords, 
 
SAG 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 SA1 
 
 on the Irish Sea, directly opposite 
 the Island of Lambay. It is situated 
 at the head of Rogerstown Ray, and 
 the Harbour of that name is about a 
 mile from the town. Rush consists 
 of one long street nearly jjarallel to 
 the shore, the houses of which are 
 of the homeliest kind, and has a Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel. The place was 
 once in great repute for its fisheries, 
 and for the curing of ling, but the 
 harbour has become of difficult ac 
 cess, and the inhabitants of the neigh- 
 bouring village of Skerries have con- 
 trived to steal a march on the less 
 enterprising fishermen of Rush. On 
 the headland beyond the town are 
 martello towers, and one at Drum- 
 nough Point, about a mile north. The 
 surrounding country is fertile, and 
 great quantities of early potatoes are 
 raised for the Dublin market on tbe 
 sandy shores in the vicinity. Near 
 the town are Rush House and Kin- 
 nure Park (Palmer, Bart.) Popula- 
 tion in 1831,2144. 
 
 RUSKEY, or Rooskey Bridge, 
 a large village in the county of Lei- 
 trim on the Shannon, on the road 
 from Newtown-Forbes to Drumsna, 
 but the principal part of it is with- 
 in the county of Roscommon. The 
 Shannon is here crossed by a bridge 
 
 of nine arches, one of which is larger 
 than the rest, though not in the cen- 
 tre. Ruskey has a share in the river 
 trade. 
 
 RUSSAGH, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Moygoish, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Ardagh, 
 on the Inny. Population in 1831, 778. 
 Post-town, Edgeworthstown. 
 
 RUTLAND ISLAND, an Island off 
 the coast of Donegal, about a mile 
 from North Arran Island. It belongs 
 to the parish of Templecroan, and is 
 considered to be included in the wild 
 and desolate district called The Rosses. 
 This Island is upwards of a mile in 
 length by half a mile in breadth. 
 
 A considerable sum of money was ex- 
 pended on it, about 1786, to encourage 
 the fisheries, but the project failed, 
 the herrings having left the coast, 
 and drifting sands now cover the 
 greater part of the Island. A neat 
 town was then designed, and quays 
 and extensive stores were construct- | 
 ed. Some of the buildings are still 
 occupied by the revenue police, fisher- 
 men, and others. 
 
 RYE, a small tributary of the Liffey, 
 entering it at the head of the town of 
 Leixlip, county of Kildare. 
 
 RYNN (LOUGH), a small lake in 
 tbe vicinity of the town of Mohill. 
 
 s. 
 
 SAGGARD, or Tassagard, a pa- 
 rish, curacy, and prebend in St Pa- 
 trick’s Cathedral, in the Barony of 
 Newcastle, and county of Dublin. The 
 village of Saggard, at which are ex- 
 tensive paper-manufactures, is six 
 miles from Dublin and one mile from 
 Rathcoole. It is agreeably situated, 
 and fairs are held on the Thursday 
 after Trinity Sunday, the 10th of Oc- 
 tober, and 8th of November. Here 
 are free schools for Roman Catholic 
 children, and the ruins of an old 
 church said to have been founded by 
 725 
 
 St Molacre in the seventh century. 
 The road from Dublin to Blessington 
 passes through the defile called the 
 Slade of Saggard, near which the sce- 
 nery is very interesting. 
 
 SAINT-CATHERINE’S, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of New- 
 castle, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, on the Liffey. Post-ton n, 
 Leixlip. 
 
 SAINT-CUNNING, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Glenarin, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of Con 
 nor, on the shore. Post-town, Larne 
 
SAL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 SAL 
 
 SAINTFIELD, or Tonlaghnieve, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Castlereagh, county and Diocese of 
 Down. The post-town of Saintfield, 
 which was founded by General Price, 
 is four miles from Ballynahinch, and 
 eight miles from Dromore. It has a 
 parish church and Presbyterian meet- 
 ing-house, and, considering its size, 
 carries on a considerable trade in 
 linen, weaving, calicoes, and other ma- 
 nufactures. In the vicinity is the 
 elegant mansion of Saintfield House. 
 A battle was fought at Saintfield in 
 J une 1 798, bet ween abody of the rebels 
 and detachments of the York Fenci- 
 bles and Yeomanry Cavalry under 
 Colonel Stapleton, in which the for- 
 mer were repulsed with the loss of 360 
 men. Fairs are held on the 26th of 
 January, the second Thursday of 
 February and March old style, the 
 third Thursday of April and May old 
 style, 2Gth of June, 30th of July, 26th 
 of August, third Thursday of Sep- 
 tember, 26th of October, third Thurs- 
 day of November old style, and first 
 Thursday after Christmas. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1053 ; of the parish, 7154. 
 
 SAINT-GREGORY’S ISLAND, 
 the central of the Arran Islands, at the 
 mouth of Galway Bay. See Arran. 
 
 SAINT-JOHN’S POINT, a bold 
 rocky promontory two miles from 
 Killough, bounding Dundrum Bay 
 on the east, county of Down. 
 
 SAINT-JOHN’S POINT. See Ree 
 (Lough). 
 
 SAINT-JOHN’S RIVER, a stream 
 which runs through the city of Water- 
 ford. 
 
 SALEEN, a picturesque and retir- 
 ed village in the vicinity of Cloyne, 
 county of Cork, on a creek of Cork 
 Harbour. It is almost embosomed 
 among trees, and is as pretty a rural 
 retreat as any one could desire. In 
 the vicinity are the residences of 
 Jamesbrook and Castlemary. In a 
 field in the latter demesne, beyond the 
 long antique avenue of sycamore and 
 ash trees leading to the mansion, is a 
 Druidical altar, a huge mass of lime- 
 stone in its natural state, covered with 
 726 
 
 lichens, moss, and wild geraniums. 
 The incumbent stone is supported 
 at the west end by two large upright 
 ones, and the inclination is from east 
 to west. About five feet distant is a 
 smaller cromlech. The grove in 
 which these memorials of antiquity 
 once stood has long disappeared, but 
 a group of trees is judiciously planted 
 in a circle round them. 
 
 SALLINS, or Sallans, a village in 
 the parishes of Bowdenstown and Or- 
 berstown, county of Kildare, on the 
 Grand Canal, 15 Irish miles from Dub- 
 lin, and the first stage after leaving 
 Hazelhatch. Here are a large inn and 
 extensive stores erected by the Canal 
 Company. 
 
 SALLRUCK, a hill at the head of 
 the Killery Harbour. See Killeries. 
 
 SALLYGAP, a locality thirteen 
 miles from Dublin, on the cross-road 
 from Blessington to Roundwood. It 
 is one of the old mountain passes, 
 now considerably improved. 
 
 SALT (NORTH and SOUTH), a 
 Barony of the county of Kildare, di- 
 vided into fifteen parishes, and con- 
 taining the towns of Celbridge and 
 Maynooth. 
 
 SALTHILL, a bathing village in 
 the vicinity of the town of Galway. 
 
 SALT (LOUGH), a small lake en- 
 compassed among the mountains of 
 Donegal, four miles from Kilmac- 
 renan, its surface 815 feet abi;ve the 
 level of the sea, and the depth up- 
 wards of 200 feet. Lough Salt Moun- 
 tain rises to the height of 726 feet 
 above the shore of the lake, and com- 
 mands an extensive view. 
 
 SALTEE ISLANDS are islets off 
 the coast of Wexford, three miles from 
 the shore. See Wexford County. 
 
 SALTERSTOWN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ferrard, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh, on Dundalk Bay. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 354. Post-town, Dun- 
 leer. 
 
 SALT-MILLS, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Tintern, county of Louth, on 
 the western side of the inlet of Ban- 
 now Bay. It represents the former 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 village of Tintern, near the Abbey. 
 That village was Liken down since 
 1810, and erected on the townland of 
 Salt-Mills. 
 
 SANDFORD, a village within two 
 miles south of the Dublin Post-Office, 
 which derives its name from Lord 
 Mount-Sandford, who, although pos- 
 sessing no property in the neighbour- 
 hood, most liberally erected the 
 church, parsonage, and school-houses, 
 at the expense of L.5000, with an en- 
 dowment of L.50 per annum to the 
 incumbent. The buildings are neat 
 and well situated. 
 
 j SANDYCOVE,a village at the head 
 | of a little bay of its name, two miles 
 j from Kinsa'e, parish of Ringrone, 
 j county of Cork. 
 
 SANDYFORD, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Tully, five miles from Dublin. 
 
 SANDYMOUNT, a village in the 
 parish of St Mary, Donnybrook, two 
 miles south-east of the Dublin Post-Of- 
 fice, on the shore of Dublin Bay. It is 
 a favourite summer resort, well built, 
 and surrounded by elegant villas. 
 
 SANTRY, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Coolock, and Archdio- 
 cese of Dublin. The picturesque vil- 
 lage of Santry, in w hich is a Roman 
 Catholic chapel, is nearly four miles 
 north of Dublin, and consists of a 
 number of remarkably neat cottages. 
 Near it is Santry House (Domville, 
 Bart.), formerly the residence of the 
 Noble Family of Barry, created Barons 
 Santry in 1660, and forfeited in 1739, 
 but apparently dormant in 1680. In 
 this neighbourhood are numerous ele- 
 gant villas connected with the environs 
 of Dublin. Population in 1831, 1159. 
 
 SAUL ABBEY, a parish, rectory 
 and perpetual curacy, in the Barony 
 of Lecale, county and Diocese of 
 Down, on Strangford Lough. Here 
 are the ruins of Saul Abbey, said to 
 have been founded by St Patrick, 
 A.D. 432, and where he is believed to 
 have died. See Downpatrick. 
 
 S A WELL, a mountain in the coun- 
 ty of Londonderry, which rises 2236 
 feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 SCALP, a remarkable ravine near 
 
 727 
 
 SCA 
 
 the border of the county of Dublin 
 with that of Wicklow. 
 
 SCALP, a mountaiu in the county 
 of Donegal, 1590 feet above tl^e level 
 of the sea, near Lough Svvilly. 
 
 SCALP, a village in the parish of 
 Ardrahan, county of Galway, seven 
 miles from Loughrea, on' the road to 
 Gort. 
 
 SCARE WALSH, a Barony of the 
 county of Wexford, divided into 
 seventeen parishes, and containing the 
 market-towns of Newtoubarry and 
 Enniscorthy, besides numerous vil- 
 lages. 
 
 SCAREWALSH BRIDGE, a vil- 
 lage and bridge across the Slaney, in 
 the neighbourhood of Ferns, on the 
 j oad from that old episcopal town to 
 Enniscorthy. 
 
 SC A RIFF, a village in the parish of 
 Tonigrany, county of Clare, on the 
 picturesque Bay of Scariff, near the 
 debouch of the Shannon. This small 
 place is four Irish miles from Mount- 
 Shannon, on the Terroig stream, 
 which issues from a lake of its name 
 in the Slieveboghta range rising be- 
 hind. Scariff is a poor village, con- 
 taining scarcely one good house, but 
 the surrounding country is romantic, 
 and roads now connect it with Gort 
 and Ennis. 
 
 SCAHIFF, an island within three 
 miles of Hog Head, which forms the 
 southern side of Ballinskelligs Bay. 
 It is the larger of the tw o Hog Islands, 
 is inhabited by one family, and is held 
 by Daniel O’Connell, Esq., M.P., from 
 the Earl of Cork. 
 
 SCARTAGLIN, a village in the 
 parish of Castle -Island, county of 
 Kerry, near the Brown Flesk river, 
 which is here crossed by a neat stone 
 bridge. It contains a Roman Catho- 
 lic chapel. 
 
 SCARVAGH, a village in the 
 county of Down on the New'ry Canal, 
 a short distance below Loughbrick- 
 land, on the Tanderagee road In the 
 vicinity are the residence of Scarvagh 
 House and Lisnagrade. The Pass of 
 Scarvagh was fortified by General 
 Monck. Fairs are held on the 21st of 
 
SCU TEE GAZETTEER SEA 
 
 March, 19th of June, 5th of Septem- 
 ber, and 14th of November. 
 
 SCATTERY, an Island off the 
 shore of Clare county, near the little 
 sea-port of Kilrush, on which a small 
 fort is now erected. It is noted as a 
 great resort of pilgrims on certain 
 festivals. St Senan is traditionally 
 said to have constructed a religious 
 edifice here even before the arrival of 
 St Patrick, and there are still the frag- 
 ments of some small churches, also an 
 ancient round tower 120 feet high, in 
 tolerable preservation. 
 
 SCHEAMES, two small islands in 
 Roaring-Water Bay, off the coast of 
 Cork. 
 
 SCILLY, a fishing village in the 
 vicinity of Kinsale, county of Cork, 
 on the east shore of Kinsale Harbour. 
 The inhabitants are said to be the 
 descendants of an English colony set- 
 tled here in the reign of Queen Eli- 
 zabeth. 
 
 SCOTSHOUSE, a village in the 
 parish of Curran, county of Monagh- 
 an, about six miles from Cootehill. 
 Near it is the elegant residence of 
 Hilltown House. 
 
 £ COT ST OWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Clones, county of Monaghan, 
 three miles from Drum, on the road 
 to the little town of Clones. Fairs are 
 held on the 17th of each month. 
 
 SCOURLOUGHSTOWN, a paro- 
 chial curacy in the Barony of Low er 
 Deece, county and Diocese of Meath, 
 on the Boyne river. Post-town, 
 Trim. 
 
 SCRABBY, a village in the parish 
 of Killeshandra, county of Cavan, on 
 the.north-east shore of Lough Gouna. 
 Fairs are held on the 10th of February, 
 28th of May, 1st of August, and 11th 
 of December. The town of Kille- 
 shandra is in the vicinity. 
 
 SCRABO-HILL, a hill about a 
 mile from Newtonards, in the county 
 of Down, on the Comber road, 534 
 feet in height. 
 
 SCULL ABOGUE, a village in 
 the county of Wexford, about four 
 miles from Taghmon, on the mail- 
 road to Ross, immediately under the 
 728 
 
 rock of Carrickburn, near which is 
 Carrickburn Lodge. One of the most 
 infamous acts perpetrated during the 
 Rebellion of 1798 took place at Sculla- 
 bogue on the day of the battle of 
 Ross. During the encampment of 
 the rebels on Carrickburn Hill a party 
 of them were posted here, and they 
 converted a barn into a prison for the 
 confinement of those unfortunate 
 persons who fell into their hands. 
 They set fire to this barn, and no 
 fewer than 184 individuals were li- 
 terally burnt alive in the most in- 
 human manner, while 37 others were 
 shot in front. The barn was 34 feet 
 long, 15 feet wide, and only 12 feet 
 high, into which so many persons 
 were crowded together. On most 
 occasions the rebels offered little vio- 
 lence to the female sex, but at Sculla- 
 bogue numbers of those burnt were 
 women and children. Bagenal Har- 
 vey, their commander, was filled with 
 horror w'hen informed of this mas- 
 sacre, and on the following day issued 
 a general order threatening death to ! 
 those who murdered their prisoners, 
 for which act of humanity he was de- 
 posed, and a ferocious priest, named 
 Father Philip Roche, was elected in 
 his stead at the camp of Carrickburn. 
 
 SCURLOGSTOWN, a village in 
 the parish of Burry, county of Meath, 
 two miles from Kells. 
 
 SEAFORDE, a village in the parish 
 of Loughin-Island, county of Down, 
 a mile west from the village of Clough, 
 on the road from Newry by Castle - 
 wellan to Downpatrick. In the vici- 
 nity is the fine demesne of Seaforde. 
 The mountain of Slievecroob rises 
 west of the village, on the summit of 
 which is a large cairn. A fair is held 
 at Seaforde on the first Tuesday of 
 each month. 
 
 SEAGOE, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of O’Neilland East, county 
 of Armagh, and Diocese of Dromore, 
 on the Bann river. Population in 
 1831, 9736. Post-town, Portadown. 
 
 SEAPATRICK, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Upper and Lower 
 Iveagh, county of Down, and Diocese 
 
SIIA 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 SHA 
 
 of Dromore, on the Bann river. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 7583. See Banw- 
 
 B RIDGE. 
 
 SE1RKERAN. a parish and vicar- 
 ape in the Barony of Ballvbrit, King's 
 County, and Diocese of Ossory, which 
 derives its name from a monastery 
 said to have been founded by St Kie- 
 ran in the beginning of the fifth cen- 
 tury. Population in 1831, 1484. Post- 
 town, Birr. 
 
 SESKINAN. a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Decies- 
 without-Drum, county of Waterford, 
 and Diocese of Lismore, the greater 
 part of it mountainous and boggy. 
 Population in 1831, 2732. Post-town, 
 Dungarvan. 
 
 SESKINORE, a village in the coun- 
 ty of Tyrone, at which a fair is held 
 on the second Monday of each mouth. 
 
 SHALLEE, a mountain tract and 
 village in the parish of Nenagh, coun- 
 ty of Tipperary, containing lead mines 
 under lease to the Imperial Mining 
 Company. 
 
 SHALLON, a small village in the 
 parish of Kilsharvan, county of 
 Meath, three miles from Drogheda. 
 
 SHANAGOLDEN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Lower Connello, county and Diocese 
 of Limerick, the rectory forming 
 part of the corps of the Precentor- 
 ship of Limerick Cathedral. The 
 post-village of Shanagolden is 19 
 Irish miles from Limerick, and 
 about two miles to the left of the 
 road from Askeaton to Tarbert. A 
 mile east of the village are the im- 
 pressive ruins of Manister-na- Gillagh, 
 and about the same distance north are 
 the ruins of Shanet Castle, a strong- 
 hold of the Earls of Desmond, from 
 which their followers took their war- 
 cry of Shanet-a-boo. Population of 
 the village in 1831, 847 *, of the parish, 
 3213. 
 
 SHANBALLY, a parish and pre- 
 bend in the Barony of Kerricurrihy, 
 county and Diocese of Cork. The 
 small village of Shanbally is about a 
 mile from the Caves of Mitch elstown, 
 and five miles from Cork. Shanbally 
 729 
 
 Castle, two miles from Clogheen, is 
 the splendid seat of Viscount Lis- 
 more, and is a fine modern specimen 
 of castellated architecture. Popula- 
 tion of parish in 183', 2092. 
 
 SHANBALLYMORE, a village in 
 the parish of Templeroan, county of 
 Cork, near the town of Doneraile. 
 Fairs are held in February, May, Sep- 
 tember, and December. 
 
 SHANBOUGH, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Ida, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory , near 
 the town of New Ross. Population 
 in 1831, 429. 
 
 SHANCOE, or Shancotjgh, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of Ti- 
 rnghrill, county of Sligo, and Diocese 
 ot Elphin. Population in 1831, 1203. 
 Post-town, Colooney. 
 
 SHANDRUM, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, with a village of its 
 name, in the united Baronies of Or- 
 rery and Kilmore, county of Cork, 
 and Diocese of Cloyne. Population 
 in 1831, 4527. Post-town, Charle- 
 ville. 
 
 SHANE'S CASTLE, a small vil- 
 lage in the parish of Antrim, on the 
 banks of Lough Neagh, near the ex- 
 tensive and finely planted demesne of 
 its name, the property of the Earls 
 O’Neil. 
 
 SHANGANO, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Old Connaught, comity of 
 Dublin, on the Shangano streamlet. 
 Near it is an ancient castle in good 
 preservation. 
 
 SHANKILL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of O’Neilland- 
 East, county of Armagh, and Diocese 
 of Dromore, but extending into the 
 Half-Barony of Low er Iveagh, county 
 of Down. Population in 1831, 7758. 
 Post-town, Lurgan. 
 
 SHANKILL, or St Kill, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Gow- 
 ran, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese | 
 of Leighlin. Population in 1831, 
 2313. Post-town, Leighlin Bridge. 
 
 SHANKILL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony and county 
 of Roscommon, and Diocese of El- 
 phin, the rectory forming part of the 
 
SKA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 corps of the Precentorship, and the 
 vicarage of the Prebend of Kilcoo- 
 ley. Population in 1831, 2669. Post- 
 town, Elpliin. 
 
 SHANNON, the largest river in 
 Ireland, is said to have its source from 
 Legnashinna, about four miles from 
 Red Lion or Largay village, county 
 of Leitrim, in the hills to the south 
 of Lough Macnean. This spot can 
 he reached from the village of Red 
 Lion by a path branching off the road 
 to Drumkeerin. The sources of rivers, 
 however, are in many instances 
 matters of opinion, and this is the 
 case with the Shannon. Thepoolfrom 
 which it is commonly considered to 
 issue is near the base of the Culcagh 
 Mountain, about six miles from 
 Lough Allen. This pool is 20 feet in dia- 
 meter, and is said to be of such depth, 
 that no bottom has hitherto been 
 found with aline of 200 yards in length. 
 According to Mr Weld, from the 
 quantity of water which issues from 
 this pool, forming at once a deep and 
 sluggish river, it is supposed that the 
 limestone rocks of the mountain in- 
 close a reservoir fed by subterranean 
 streams. The height of this pool 
 above Lough Allen is 115 feet, and 
 above the sea 275 feet. In its course 
 down to the lake this river receives 
 the Owenmore and the Dowbally, 
 which, as they come from a greater 
 distance and altitude, have also pre- 
 tensions to be considered sources of 
 the Shannon. The proper origin of 
 the river is probably Lough Allen, 
 the first great expansion formed by 
 these streams, which has all the pe- 
 culiarities of an individual lake, and 
 is supplied by various streams de- 
 scending from the steep mountains 
 inclosing it, and which during floods 
 bring down as much water on the ag- 
 gregate as file Shannon itself. Lough 
 Allen is eight English miles in length, 
 its greatest breadth three miles, and 
 the river discharged at its southern 
 extremity is at least the real Shan- 
 non, whatever opinions may be formed 
 of the others which debouch into it 
 from the north. 
 
 730 
 
 SKA 
 
 The Shannon runs from north to 
 south a distance of at least 234 miles, 
 and for the purposes of intercourse it 
 has double that length of coast, sepa- 
 rating the Province of Connaught on 
 the west from those of Leinster and 
 Munster on the east, thus dividing the 
 greater part of Ireland. It may in- 
 deed be said that it runs parallel to 
 the length of the kingdom. It waters 
 in its course the counties of Lei- 
 trim, Roscommon, Galway, and Clare, 
 in the Province of Connaught ; those 
 of Longford, King’s County, and 
 Meath, in Leinster ; and those of Tip- 
 perary, Limerick, and Kerry, in Mun- 
 ster, before it joins its waters to the 
 Atlantic, and is navigable all this 
 distance for the largest vessels. For 
 a distance of 60 miles, from the sea to 
 the city of Limerick, the river forms 
 a magnificent estuary or tide-way, 
 without any bar or impediment, with 
 a flood equal to a height of 20 feet at 
 the quays of Limerick. This part of 
 the river possesses several deep bays 
 or inlets, and receives numerous tri- 
 butaries, some of which enjoy the 
 tide-way for a considerable distance 
 up their channels, and all susceptible 
 of great improvement. In this quar- 
 ter are numerous piers and landing- 
 wharfs, of which those of Kilteerv, 
 Querin, Kilrush, and Kildysart, and 
 the wooden bridge opposite Plassy 
 Mill, all below Limerick, were erected 
 in 1S41 . “ Taking,” says Mr Williams, 
 “ the double length of coast which the 
 ten counties present to the navigation 
 at 500 miles, and which, considering 
 the extent of the bays, inlets, and 
 rivers, is under the fact, it leaves an 
 average of fifty miles of coast to each 
 county. This fact alone is sufficient- 
 ly indicative of what may be done 
 through the instrumentality of this 
 one river.” 
 
 The Shannon is not only of great 
 depth in some places, but the gen- 
 tleness of its current renders it pe- 
 culiarly adapted to the purposes of 
 inland trade. The river issues from 
 Lough Allen, a short distance from 
 the bay which receives the canal 
 
SHA OF IRELAND. SHA 
 
 from the lake to Battlebridge, con- 
 structed to obviate the numerous im- 
 pediments in the navigation, but the 
 quantity of water discharged is small J 
 when compared to the vast reser- 
 voir it leaves. The river is here 
 crossed by its first bridge, called Bal- 
 lintra or Ballintrave, noted for the 
 passage of the French under General 
 Humbert in 1798. In its course to 
 Battlebridge, the Shannon receives 
 the Arigna from the valley of the 
 coal mountains — a swift stream filled 
 with dark mud, and the Fiorish, from i 
 Loughs Skean and Meelagh, on the 
 Roscommon side ; and an inconsi- 
 derable stream on the Leitrim side. 
 The canal, already mentioned, is 
 carried along that side of the river, 
 and unites with the Shannon at the 
 lower side of Battlebridge, a bridge 
 of 130 feet in length, 13 feet wide, and 
 ! consisting of six arches. From Bat- 
 j tlebridge to the next lateral canal, 
 near Jamestown, the course is nearly 
 13 English miles, and the navigation 
 is uninterrupted for boats of burden. 
 Several streams enter it during this 
 part of its course, which do not ap- 
 parently add much to its size, except 
 the Boyle. From Lough Gara, Car- 
 rick, the county town of Leitrim, 
 is passed in this quarter, and here 
 the bridge is 100 yards in length, 15 
 feet wide, and consists of eleven 
 arches. Below Carrick the course 
 of the Shannon is smooth and majes- 
 tic, winding under very high cliffs of 
 gravel on the Roscommon side, form- 
 ing numerous little bays and inlets, 
 and encircling some small islands. 
 The windings of the stream make the 
 navigation so intricate that boats pur- 
 suing the same course often appear 
 as if moving in different directions. 
 The river contracts before it reaches 
 the next lateral canal from James- 
 town to Drumsna, a distance of up- 
 wards of two English miles, and in 
 this part of its course the Shannon 
 becomes shallow, rapid, and unnavi- 
 gable, making a bend to the south- 
 west, winding round a peninsula in 
 the form of a horse-shoe, which is 
 731 
 
 part of a beautiful demesne, and then 
 coming back to the south-east at 
 Drumsna. The bridge at James- 
 town consists of seven arches, and 
 that of Drumsna has eight arches. 
 
 Proceeding down the river, the dis- 
 tance from Drumsnato Ruskey-bridge 
 is upwards of ten English miles. Be- 
 low Drumsna the river flows in circu- 
 lar eddies, and after a course of two 
 miles expands into Loughs Boderig 
 and Boffin, of no great breadth, but 
 their shores indented by deep bays 
 and inlets, and studded with islands. 
 
 In Lough Boderig the Shannon re- 
 ceives another supply of water, under 
 Carnadoe-Bridge. Below Lough Bof- ! 
 fin the river becomes again narrow, 
 shallow, and unnavigable; and to 
 obviate the rapids and falls, a lateral 
 canal, three-fourths of a mile long, 
 is carried on the Roscommon side. 
 The bridge of Ruskey consists of 
 nine arches, one of which, not the 
 central, is larger than the others. 
 The distance from Ruskey-Bridge to 
 Tarmonbarry is 10£ English miles, 
 during which the river has a fall of 
 seven feet. Below Ruskey the cur- 
 rent slackens, the river is dull and 
 sluggish, and the navigation impeded 
 in many places by the reeds and bul- 
 rushes growing on the muddy shoals. 
 Here are extensive tracts of bog, se- 
 veral feet above the level of the Shan- 
 non, on the Roscommon side, extend- 
 ing almost from the banks of the 
 river to the base of the Slievebawn 
 Mountains, a distance of four or five j 
 miles. These bogs, which are sepa- ! 
 rated from the river by a ridge of 
 sound land, could be easily reclaim- 
 ed. They become the immediate 
 boundary at the expansion of Lough 
 Forbes, and the whole district on 
 this side is a most dreary tract of bogs 
 and marshes ; but on the Longford 
 side the banks are enlivened by the 
 woods and plantations of Castle- 
 Forbes. A bridge, or rather two 
 bridges, are thrown across the river 
 at the shoals of Tarmonbarry ; that 
 on the Roscommon side being 60 
 yards in length, and consisting of 
 
SHA THE GAZETTEER SHA 
 
 seven arches; the other on the Long- 
 ford side being 32 yards in length, 
 with four arches, and both are con- 
 nected by an island, on which is an 
 elevated causeway. The centre pas- 
 sage is flat and straight, 126 yards 
 long, and 16 feet wide. These struc- 
 tures have an imposing effect, and are 
 substantial and commodious. In this 
 quarter the Island of Cloondragh is 
 formed by the Shannon and the two 
 branches of the Camlin, which fall 
 into the former, the one above and 
 the other below the bridge ; and the 
 ground on the Longford side is re- 
 markably flat for several miles. The 
 Royal Canal terminates at the Island 
 of Cloondragh in Richmond Harbour, 
 connected with the Shannon through 
 the medium of the Camlin, and here 
 are extensive docks, basins, and ware- 
 houses, belonging to the Canal Com- 
 pany. The river passes through the 
 above bridges with great impetuosity, 
 and the rapids are avoided by using 
 the two branches of the Camlin, and 
 coasting round Cloondragh Island, 
 at which a short canal communicates 
 with the Shannon. 
 
 From Tarmonbarry to Lanesbo- 
 rough the distance is about ten Eng- 
 lish miles by the river, and its course 
 is winding, through bogs and under 
 banks of firm ground. The shoals 
 near the latter town are avoided by a 
 short canal, and a bridge is thrown 
 across a former frequented ford. On 
 the Roscommon side, connected with 
 the canal, is a small basin or dock 
 faced with stone, about 60 yards in 
 length and 24 yards in breadth. The 
 bridge of Lanesborough consists of 
 nine arches, the length about 100 
 yards, and the breadth 15 feet. The 
 expansion of the Shannon into Lough 
 Ree commences a short distance be- 
 low the bridge (see Ree), and termi- 
 nates within two miles above the 
 bridge of Athlone, where the Shan- 
 non again assumes its river-appear- 
 ance (see Athlone). From Lough 
 Ree to the mouth of the Suck river 
 the distance is upwards of 21 English 
 miles, and the fall ten feet. Below 
 732 
 
 the bridge of Athlone several rapids 
 commence, which are sometimes ford- 
 able ; and the army of William III. 
 crossed them in defiance of the troops 
 of King James, who held that part of 
 the town previous to the battle of 
 Aughrim. A canal upwards of a 
 mile in length obviates these obstruc- 
 tions to the navigation, carried entire- 
 ly outside the town of Athlone, and 
 strengthening it as a military posi- 
 tion. Some miles below this the 
 Seven Cb inches of Clonmacnoise, on 
 the King’s County shore, are passed ; 
 and 20 English miles from Athlone 
 the Shannon is crossed by the elegant 
 bridge of its name, 140 yards in length, 
 consisting of 16 arches, besides two 
 others thrown across the Canal, which 
 is carried close along the river. This 
 fine bridge connects King’s County 
 with that of Roscommon, and is on 
 the great road leading to Ballinasloe. 
 From this bridge is seen the sluggish 
 Suck winding its way to the Shannon 
 among bogs, the breadth at its de- 
 bouch little inferior to the river itself. 
 The country from Athlone down to 
 the mouth of the Suck, especially on 
 the Roscommon side, is dreary, thinly 
 inhabited, and without a single road 
 of importance leading down to the 
 water, except at Shannon Bridge, j 
 From the debouch of the Suck to 
 Limerick the distance by water is 47 
 Irish, or 60 English miles, and the I 
 difference in level occasioned by the 
 several falls is calculated at 107 feet 4f 
 inches, while from the mouth of the 
 Suck to Lough Allen the difference 
 of level is only 39 feet 7 inches. A 
 few miles below Shannon Bridge, on 
 the King’s County side, is the junction 
 of the Grand Canal with the Shannon, 
 26 English miles below Athlone ; and 
 farther down the river is the small 
 expansion of Lough Brusna. Near 
 the town of Portumna commences the 
 last grand expanse of the River, called 
 Lough Derg, lying between the coun- 
 ties of Galway and Clare on the one 
 side, and that of Tipperary on the 
 other (see Derg). Between Lough 
 Derg and Limerick, in the vicinity of 
 
SHA 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 Castle-Coimell, are the Rapids of 
 Doonass, where the Shannon pours its 
 immense body of water, which above 
 the rapids is 40 feet deep, and 300 
 yards wide, through and over a vast 
 collection of huge stones and rocks 
 extending nearly half a mile. About 
 two miles above Castle- Connell the 
 i Shannon is crossed by O’Brien’s 
 Bridge. As these rapids completely 
 obstruct tbe navigation, a canal is cut 
 from near Limerick to the river above 
 them. The city of Limerick is situ- 
 ated at the head of the noble estuary 
 of the Shannon, where its important 
 tidal navigation commences, and com- 
 mands a water-communication with 
 Dublin. The appearance of the estu- 
 j ary of the Shannon below Limerick to 
 the Atlantic is elsewhere noticed. 
 
 Such is an outline of this magnifi- 
 cent river, the shores of which lay 
 long desolate and neglected, its navi- 
 1 gation seldom even mentioned as 
 I worthy of improvement, except by 
 local writers and scientific travel- 
 i lers. Some of the counties it touches 
 1 are mountainous, with deep produc- 
 [ tive valleys, on which immense num- 
 bers of cattle and sheep can be reared 
 i and pastured; others are flat and 
 j humid, yet susceptible of great ame- 
 j lioration from the labour of the po- 
 : pulation, guided by skill and encour- 
 i aged by capital. Some of these soils 
 | excel for wheat and potatoes, others 
 , for 'barley, oats, and rape ; natural 
 i manures are abundant through a great 
 ! portion of the course, and the black 
 and white marls are easily raised, ac- 
 cessible and free to all. Turf, a prime 
 necessary of life in Ireland, is inex- 
 haustible in some districts, from 
 which it could be conveyed to others 
 where it is deficient, or inferior in 
 quality; and the extensive reclaim- 
 able bogs, callows, and marshes, are 
 more or less within the means of im- 
 provement. The bog-lands, origin- 
 ally of no value, contiguous to the 
 line of the Grand Canal, between Bal- 
 linasloe and the Grand Canal, now let 
 for 30s. an acre. In many parts, over 
 districts from five to ten miles long, 
 733 
 
 SHA 
 
 rich deep callows, annually submerg- 
 ed by the river, produce abundant 
 crops of hay ; yet in other and easy 
 approached parts, even in many towns 
 on its banks, hay is scarce and ex- 
 tremely dear. During the eighteenth 
 century several large sums were ex- 
 pended on this magnificent river, 
 but either through gross mismanage- 
 ment, misapplication of power, igno- 
 rance of its resources, or want of 
 enterprise, this money has almost 
 been literally thrown away, and its 
 waters allowed to become a source of 
 wide-spreading waste. 
 
 Such was the state of this river 
 and its navigation when the Com- 
 missioners were appointed to in- 
 quire into the means of its im- 
 provement, by the Acts 5 and 6 
 William IV. and 2 Victoria. The 
 First Report, presented to Parliament 
 in 1836, is short, and is chiefly en- 
 grafted on the previous very accurate 
 statements regarding the river by 
 Captain Mudge, also presented to Par- 
 liament in 1832. The Commissioners 
 divided the course of the river into 
 three districts, which was approved 
 by the Lords of the Treasury, viz. — 
 The First Division, from the sea to 
 Limerick, including the river Fergus, 
 navigable at all times of the tide, from 
 the mouth of the estuary at Kilka- 
 drane and Bale Points, to Grass Island, 
 15 miles below Limerick, comprising 
 a distance of 60 miles ; and from Grass 
 Island to Limerick the navigation par- 
 taking more of the usual tidal river 
 character, the channel comparatively 
 confined and shallow, and containing 
 numerous rocky shoals, which, with 
 the rapidity of current occasioned by 
 the great fall at ebb-tide, cause some 
 difficulty in the navigation. Se- 
 cond Division, from Limerick to Kil- 
 laloe, a distance of 15 miles, during 
 which the river, with the exception 
 of falls and shoals, very few of which 
 are of great magnitude, is of the usual 
 fresh-water description, consisting of 
 wide and deep water, the banks gene- 
 rally low, and liable to inundations. 
 Third Division, from Killaloe to 
 3 Q 
 
SHA THE GAZETTEER SHA 
 
 Tarmonbarry, a distance of 85 miles, 
 including Lough Derg ; the distance 
 between that expansion and Lough 
 Ree, an extent of river-course of 36 
 miles, commonly called Middle Shan- 
 non, which was till of late years of 
 little value except as it might become 
 a feeder of the Grand Canal ; and the 
 large upper expansion of Lough Ree. 
 In 1806 the Middle Shannon portion 
 of the river was consigned to the 
 Grand Canal Company. Various 
 parts of the river and its expansions 
 of Lough Ree and Lough Derg are 
 traversed by the steam vessels of the 
 Inland Steam Navigation Company. 
 
 The following abstract of the es- 
 timates for the works proposed be- 
 tween the mouth* of the Shannon 
 and Tarmonbarry is taken from the 
 Second Report of the Commissioners 
 for the Improvement of the Shannon, 
 presented to Parliament in 1838. 1. 
 
 First Division, or Lower Shannon, 
 Kilrush Pier, L.8600 ; Carrigaholt 
 Pier, L.5600 ; Tarbert, L.8600 ; Querin 
 Creek, L. 1160; Balljlongford, L.1839; 
 Glynn, L.5879 ; Foynes Island, L.8500; 
 Kilteery, L.1836 ; Cahercon (Kildy- 
 sart), L.1986 ; Clare, L.4400 ; Deel, or 
 Askeaton River, L.900; Maigue Ri- 
 ver, L.2770; total, L.52,070, to be sup- 
 plied by the public, proprietors, and 
 adjacent districts. 2. Second Di- 
 vision, or Limerick Navigation — Ar- 
 thur’s Ferry, or Illanarone, L.7600; 
 the Shannon River at Plassy, L.3000; 
 Castle-Connell, L.7600 ; O’Brien’s 
 Bridge, Parteen Rapid, and other 
 shoals, between Errina and Cusane 
 Locks, L.4000; total, L.22,000, to be 
 supplied by the public*, and the adja- 
 cent counties and Baronies. 3. Third 
 Division : 1 . From Killaloe to Mee- 
 lick, including Killaloe, L. 27, 000 ; 
 Lough Derg, L.300 ; Derry Island, 
 L.460 ; White’s Ford, L.550 ; total, 
 L .28,310 ; 2. Meelick to Athlone, viz. 
 Works at Meelick, L. 40,000 ; 'Shannon 
 Grove, or Counsellor’s Ford, L.1277 ; 
 Works at Banagher, L. 26, 000 ; Shan- 
 non Harbour Bridge, L.500 ; Lea- 
 hineh, L.550 ; Derryholmes, L.2200 ; 
 Bishop’s Island, L.2200 ; Garryraore, 
 734 
 
 L.950; cut or canal below Shannon 
 Bridge, L.100; improvement in that 
 quarter, L.7000 ; Clerhaun, L.170; 
 Ballynatave, L.350 ; Tullymore Ford, 
 L.2050 ; Calf Island, L.400; Long 
 Island, L.550 ; Ram Island, L.850 ; 
 total, L. 84, 147; 3. Athlone to Tar- 
 monbarry, viz. Works at Athlone, 
 L. 60, 000; Lough Ree, L.500; Curreen 
 Point, L.550 ; Lanesborough, L. 10,500; 
 Kilnacurragb, L.1350; Erragh Ford, 
 L.550 ; Lodge Cut, L.2600 ; total, 
 L. 192,507, also to be supplied by the 
 public, adjacent counties and Baro- 
 nies, to which is to be added the 
 sum to be procured from the same 
 sources, for steam engine, vessels, 
 and machinery for dredging ; general 
 total, L. 266, 777. 
 
 The works connected with the First 
 Division, or Lower Shannon, being 
 distinct operations, and in a great 
 measure depending on voluntary con- 
 tributions, cannot be considered cer- 
 tain ; and the estimate for the Third 
 Division includes new bridges at Ba- 
 nagher and Athlone, the moiety of 
 which to be provided for distinctly by 
 assessment on the adjacent counties. 
 The Commissioners suggested that 
 the works below Limerick should be 
 undertaken solely on the voluntary 
 co-operation of the proprietors with 
 the public ; and supposing that the 
 works of the Second and Third Di- 
 vision above that city will cost 
 L. 200, 000, according to the ^.cts 5 and 
 6 Will. IV. the public defray L. 100,000, 
 and of the other half, two parts to be 
 assessed from the Baronies of Upper 
 and Lower Ormond, county of Tipper- 
 ary ; one part from the Barony of 
 Garrycastle, King’s County ; one part 
 from the Barony of Tullagh, county 
 of Clare ; two parts from the Baro- 
 nies of Leitrim and Longford, county 
 of Galway ; two parts from the Baro- 
 nies of Moycarne, Athlone, and Ros- 
 common, county of Roscommon ; two 
 parts from the Baronies of Brawney 
 and Kilkenny West, county of West- 
 meath ; and one part from the Baro- 
 nies of Rathcline, Moydow, and Long- 
 ford, county of Longford. 
 
SHA 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 SHA 
 
 In a pamphlet published in 1746, it 
 is stated that Dr Bolton, Archbishop 
 of Cashel, frequently declared that he 
 could remove all the difficulties in the 
 navigation between Lough Allen and 
 Killaloe, for vessels of 30 tons, at the 
 expense of only L.3000 ; and Mr Gil- 
 bert estimated that the river might 
 be made navigable between Killaloe 
 and Limerick for L.21,000. The Com- 
 missioners, in reference to these two 
 statements, justly refer to these as 
 “ striking proofs of the deceptive es- 
 timates that may be formed on cur- 
 sory observations, and of the difficul- 
 ties of obtaining given results.” 
 
 The Fourth Report of the Commis- 
 sioners, presented to Parliament, re- 
 fers to the Upper Shannon, viz. — that 
 part of the river from Tarmonbarry 
 to Leitrim, the latter town situated 
 below Lough Allen. This is a dis- 
 tance of 30 miles, and the general ap- 
 pearance of the river is broad and 
 deep, occasionally expanding into 
 small lakes, which bear the names of 
 Lough Forbes, three miles long, and 
 half a mile mean breadth; Lough 
 Boffin, two and a half miles long, and 
 half a mile medium breadth ; Lough 
 8connell, two miles long, and half a 
 mile mean breadth; Lough Boder- 
 ing, two miles long, and three-fourths 
 of a mile mean breadth ; and the smal- 
 ler expansions of Loughs Tap and Nan- 
 ogue ; and Lough Corry, one mile and 
 a half long, by a quarter of a mile 
 mean breadth. The object of the 
 proposed works in this part of the 
 course of the Shannon is to remove 
 shoals, eel-weirs, mill-dams, project- 
 ing points ; to improve or replace the 
 lateral cuts and lochs by substantial 
 works ; to construct dams at the head 
 of the falls, which are to have a sum- 
 mer level of six feet on the loch-sills ; 
 and securing such bridges as may be 
 affected by the operations, enlarging 
 their water-way where necessary, and 
 applying swivel or bascule bridges 
 where the navigation requires a pass- 
 age through them. The locks are to 
 be 130 feet long and 30 feet wide, and 
 the side-canals 80 feet of surface- 
 735 
 
 water. It is expected that a small class ! 
 of steamers will be amply sufficient 
 for the present and prospective wants 
 of the country from Tarmonbarry 
 upwards. In conducting the trade 
 among the works of this division, are 
 the side-cuts or canals at Cloondrah 
 and Jamestown, to connect the navi- 
 gation of the Middle with the Upper 
 Shannon on a scale suitable for steam- 
 ers of considerable size ; but it is sup- 
 posedthat the side-cuts may be found 
 unnecessary, after careful examina- 
 tion, by removing the shoals in the 
 bed of the river, and adhering to the 
 channel, by which the expense will be 
 much lessened, though the length of 
 the navigation be increased. A small 
 landing-quay is recommended to be 
 formed about 400 yards above the town 
 of Leitrim, which is to be the ter- 
 minus of the steam navigation of the 
 Upper Shannon, to which point there 
 will be an uninterrupted steam navi- 
 gation on the river from Killaloe, a 
 distance of 115 miles. From Lei- 
 trim to Lough Allen the course of 
 the Shannon is four and a half miles, 
 and is greatly impeded by shoals, ra- 
 pids, and other obstacles. The pre- 
 sent canal will require to be recon- 
 structed, when the Arigna Iron Works 
 and the adjacent coal-fields are opened 
 and in extensive operation. As the 
 course of the river between Leitrim 
 Harbour and the commencement of 
 Lough Allen Canal is remarkably tor- 
 tuous, and impracticable for steamers 
 unless by incurring great expense, a 
 towing-path can be easily construct- 
 ed, by means of which barges may be 
 tracked by horses. At the entrance 
 of the canal into Lough Allen, a small 
 harbour, or landing-place, is recom- 
 mended, to serve for the general 
 traffic of Lough Allen and the im- 
 proving market of Drumshanbo, half 
 a mile distant. From the site of this 
 harbour to Reilly’s Island there are 
 few shoals, and beyond this the lake 
 is very extensive and deep, with a gra- 
 dually improving district around. 
 The estimated expense of the works 
 on the Fourth Division of the Shan- 
 
SHA THE GAZETTEER SHA 
 
 non, from Tarmonbarry to Leitrim, 
 is L. 161,843, 14s. 8d. ; that of the Fifth 
 Division, from Leitrim to Lough 
 Allen Canal, L. 18,554, 5s., exclusive of 
 L.20OO for steam-dredging vessels, 
 barges, workshops, machinery, and 
 contingencies; general total amount 
 ! for the Shannon, L.531,028,2s. 5$d. ; for 
 the Scarriff River, L.4133, 11s. 6d.; 
 for improving the navigation of the 
 j tributaries between Killaloe and Tar- 
 monbarry, L.500U ; for the Carnadoe 
 Vfater, L.13,8!5, 13s. Id.; for the 
 l Boyle Water, L.30,828, 10s.; grand 
 total for the Shannon and its tribu- 
 taries, L. 584, 805, 17s. 9$d., including 
 L. 40, 000 for bridges on the river. Of 
 J this large sum the public are to de- 
 ’ fray L. 290, 7 16, Is. 4d.; the adjoining 
 i counties and Baronies, L.266,334, 6s. 
 
 ! 2$d.; the proprietors and districts, 
 j L. 27,755, 10s. 3±d. 
 
 The Fifth and final Report of the 
 Commissioners, also presented to 
 Parliament in 1839, is short, and 
 chiefly relates to the valuations of the 
 divisions of the river between Tar- 
 monbarry and Lough Allen. The 
 Commissioners had before them 93 
 cases, and awarded compensation to 
 the extent of L.9702. They farther 
 state that the callows or flooded lands 
 on the Shannon, from Limerick to 
 Lough Allen, had been surveyed, 
 and comprised 32,500 acres. In 1838, 
 W. T. Mulvany, Esq., Civil Engineer, 
 was instructed to examine the coun- 
 try, with a view to the formation of 
 a canal to connect the Shannon near 
 Leitrim or Drumsna with the Erne 
 at Belturbet, or the point near Wat- 
 tle Bridge, where the Ulster Canal is 
 to open into the Erne. Mr Mulvany 
 perambulated the district through the 
 county of Leitrim into that of Long- 
 ford. He designates the lines formed 
 as the Ballinamore Line, the Mohill 
 Line, and the Ballynaninch Line, and 
 his estimated expense is as follows : — 
 For 28$ miles of canal, including 
 locks, bridges, &c., at L.5000 per 
 mile (the full cost per mile of the 
 Ulster Canal), L. 142,500; lock-regu- 
 lating weir at Belturbet, and other 
 736 
 
 works, L. 10,000; shoal between Bel- 
 turbet and terminus of Ulster Canal, 
 L.500; total, L. 153,000; probable cost 
 of removing shoals, altering bridges, 
 and improving navigation for steam 
 vessels from Belturbet, by the Erne 
 and Lough Oughter to Killeshandra, 
 L. 14,000 ; in all, L. 167,000, or in round 
 numbers, L. 170,000. 
 
 Such is a sketch of the great im- 
 provements connected with the Shan- 
 non and the surrounding districts. 
 It is gratifying to state that some of 
 the works were begun in 1841. On 
 the 6th of November that year the 
 first stone of the new bridge at Ath- 
 lone, as recommended by the Com- 
 missioners, was laid by Messrs Long 
 and Buck, Engineers. 
 
 The Shannon gives the title of Earl, 
 in the Peerage of Ireland, to a branch 
 of the Noble Family of Boyle, Earls 
 of Cork and Orrery. Henry Boyle, 
 Esq., of Castle-Martyr, son of the Hon. 
 Henry Boyle, second son of Roger, 
 first Earl of Orrery, better known as 
 Lord Broghill, the confidential coun- 
 cillor of Cromwell, was created Earl 
 of Shannon, Viscount Boyle, and Ba- 
 ron of Castle-Martyr, in 1756, after 
 having filled several of the highest 
 political offices in Ireland, such as 
 Speaker of the House of Commons, 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord 
 Justice, &c. His son Richard, se- 
 cond Earl, was created Baron Carle- 
 ton, in the Peerage of Great Britain, 
 in 1786. 
 
 SHANNON-BRIDGE, a small 
 town in King’s County, 14$ Irish 
 miles from Athlone, near the bridge 
 across the Shannon, on the road to 
 Ballinasloe, afew miles above Shannon 
 Harbour, a short distance above the 
 debouch of the Suck. The fortifica- 
 tions, including the Infantry Bar- 
 racks and Battery, are on the Ros- 
 common side of the river. The Bar- 
 racks are much larger than those of 
 Banagher in the neighbourhood. 
 Shannon-Bridge forms one of the 
 three passes across the Shannon still 
 kept up, the others being Athlone 
 and Banagher. The bridge over the 
 
SHE 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 SHE 
 
 Shannon here is the finest of the old 
 bridges in the upper country it tra- 
 verses — (see Shannon). “ The Ros- 
 common end of the bridge,” says Mr 
 Weld, in 1832, u is occupied by a mili- 
 tary work, which forms a tete-de-pont, 
 capable of accommodating a small 
 garrison. The public road winds be- 
 tween the Barracks and the Fort, pass- 
 ing through a strong gate ; and the 
 places besides being defended by the 
 guns of the fort, is protected on the 
 Connaught side by an advanced re- 
 doubt on arising ground to the north 
 of the highway.” Population in 1831, 
 559. 
 
 SHANNON GROVE, a small vil- 
 lage and townland, in the parish of 
 Askeaton, county of Limerick, on 
 I the Shannon. Near it is the demesne 
 of Shannon Grove, the property of 
 the Earl of Charleville. 
 j SHANNON HARBOUR, a village 
 in the King’s County, at the junction 
 of the Grand Canal with the Shannon, 
 62£ Irish miles from Dublin. See 
 Shannon and Canal. 
 
 SHANOUGH CROSS, a locality 
 ten miles from Killarney, on the road 
 between Mitclielstown and Mallow, 
 
 ! county of Cork. 
 
 SHANRAHAN, a parish, impro- 
 priate rectory and vicarage, in the 
 united Baronies of Iffa and Offa, 
 
 1 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 
 shores greatly adorned and improved 
 by Lord Farnham, the principal pro- 
 prietor, whose occasional residence 
 of Arley Cottage, with its finely 
 wooded grounds, adds greatly to the 
 surrounding scenery. In the vici- 
 nity are the cottage villas of Crover, 
 Fortland, Tara, Kilnahard, and Sum- 
 merville ; on the south shore is the 
 residence of Ross ; and near it a va- 
 luable limestone quarry, from which 
 the cut stone for Lough-Crew House 
 was taken. On a small insulated rock 
 near the eastern shore are the ruins 
 of Crover Castle. The only islands 
 are Derry Sheridan and Church 
 Island, the latter a small islet contain- 
 ing some crumbling remains of build- 
 ings. Lough Sheelin is the source of 
 the Inny, and affords abundance of 
 sport to the angler. 
 
 SHEEPBRIDGE, a village in the 
 Lordship of Newry, county of Down, 
 on the Newry river, which is here 
 crossed by a stone bridge. Fairs are 
 held on the first Friday of February, j 
 May, August, and November. Near 
 it is Sheepbridge House. 
 
 SHEEPHAVEN, a deep bay on 
 the north coast of Donegal, bounded i 
 by Horn Head on the west, and the i 
 peninsula formed by Mulroy Bay on 
 the east, on which are the church and 
 village of Carrigart. The small town j 
 of Dunfanaghy is on an inlet in Sheep- 
 
 Lisraore. Population in 1831, 7002. 
 Post-town, Clogheen. 
 
 SHANTAVNY, the highest sum- 
 mit of the hilly range called the Star- 
 bog Mountains, between Ballygawley 
 and Omagh, county of Tyrone, 1000 
 feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 SHARK (LOUGH), a small lake 
 about two miles from Loughbrick- 
 land, county of Down, near which is 
 the residence of Union Lodge, in the 
 vicinity of the Newry Canal. 
 
 SHEELIN (LOUGH), a lake in the 
 county of Cavan, connected with 
 Loughs Iron, Dereveragh, and Ken- 
 nail by the Inny. It rises south of 
 the village of Mount Nugent, and is a 
 beautiful sheet of water, four miles 
 long by two broad ; the northern 
 737 
 
 haven Bay, which almost peninsulates 
 Horn Head. The shores are dreary, 
 desolate, and choked up with drifting 
 sand. See Rosapenna. 
 
 SHEFFIN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Cranagh, county of 
 Kilkenny, and Diocese of Ossory, con- 
 nected with Freshford. 
 
 SHELBURNE, a Barony of the 
 county of Wexford, divided into 
 eight parishes, and containing part of 
 the town of New Ross and the villages 
 of Ballyhackand Templetown. This 
 Barony gives the title of Earl to the 
 Marquis of Lansdowne. The Hon. 
 John Fitzmaurice, second son of 
 Thomas, first Earl of Kerry, inherit 
 ed the Petty estates at the death of 
 his maternal uncle, Henry, Earl of 
 
SHI THE GAZETTEER SHR 
 
 Shelburne, in 1751, when the Earldom 
 became extinct. He assumed the 
 surname and arms of Petty, and was 
 created Baron Dunkerrin and Vis- 
 count Fitzmaurice in 1751, Earl of 
 Shelburne in 1753; and Baron Wy- 
 combe, in the Peerage of Great Bri- 
 tain, in 1760. He was succeeded by 
 his eldest son, William, second Earl, 
 a general officer in the army, and a 
 celebrated statesman in the reign of 
 Geroge III., filling the office of Secre- 
 tary of State for Foreign Affairs, under 
 the Marquis of Rockingham, and no- 
 minated Prime Minister at the decease 
 of that nobleman in 1782. His Lord- 
 ship was advanced to the British dig- 
 nities of Marquis of Lansdowne, Earl 
 of Wycombe, &c., in 1784. 
 
 SHENLIS, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ardee, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 Population in 1831, 501. Post-town, 
 Ardee. 
 
 SHERCOCK, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, and village of its name, in 
 the Barony of Clonkel, county of 
 Cavan, and Diocese of Kilinore. The 
 village is six Irish miles from Kings- 
 court, and eight from Cootehill, in a 
 hilly district. Adjoining the village 
 are the residence of Shenan, surround- 
 ed by small lakes, and the picturesque 
 Lough Swillan. Fairs are held at 
 Shercock on the second Wednesday 
 of each month. 
 
 SHERLOCK, or Sherlockstown, 
 a parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 North Naas, county and Diocese of 
 Kildare. 
 
 SHEVIN, a tributary of the Suck, 
 in the county of Galway, which enters 
 that river below Mount Talbot. 
 
 SHILLELAGH, a Barony of the 
 county of Wicklow, divided into 
 eight parishes, with the small town 
 of Carnew. One authority gives the 
 area at 47,000 English, and another at 
 27,000 Irish acres, the whole the pro- 
 perty of Earl Fitzwilliam. Shillelagh 
 is a well-known Irish name for a 
 cudgel , and most of this upland dis- 
 trict was anciently covered with 
 wood, which was held in great estima- 
 733 
 
 tion for its durability. Hence cudgels 
 or walking-sticks cut from the woods 
 of Shillelagh were designated by the 
 name of the Barony, and were most 
 formidable weapons when their pos- 
 sessors hit right and left at a general 
 melee , or in a drunken brawl. Other 
 districts in Irelaud, however, furnish 
 right trusty and most excellent shil- 
 lelaghs, which heads and limbs of 
 thousands can corroborate from pain- 
 ful experience. A shillelagh is an 
 indispensable companion ot the Irish 
 peasantry at fairs, when a general 
 battle often terminates the proceed- 
 ings of the day. It is said that Shil- 
 lelagh oak from this Barony is still 
 to be seen in the beautiful roof of 
 Westminster Hall. Coolattin Park, 
 the seat of Earl Fitzwilliam, is within 
 three miles of Carnew, on the road j 
 to Tinehely, and contains much fine 
 timber. It is watered by the Derry 
 river in its course to the Slaney. 
 The hamlet of Shillelagh, containing 
 a neat parish church, and some sub- 
 stantial houses, is near Coolattin inn 
 and school- house, adjoining the de- 
 mesne. 
 
 SHILLELAGHER, a Barony of 
 the county of Kilkenny, divided into j 
 eleven parishes. 
 
 SHINDELLA (LOUGH), a lake 
 in the county of Galway, in the vi- 
 cinity of Lough Anderrow, on the 
 road from Oughterard to Clifden by 
 Flynn’s Inn, or Half-way House. Be- 
 yond Shindella Cross a new road 
 branches off to Kilkerran Bay, and 
 at the Cross the road to Maam di- 
 verges off the Clifden line. 
 
 SHINRONE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Clonlisk, 
 King’s County, and Diocese of Kil- j 
 laloe. The small town of Shinronk j 
 is five miles west of Roscrea. It has 
 a fever hospital, but no object of par- 
 ticular interest. Near the town are 
 the residences of Cangert Park, Cur- 
 ralanty, and Gloster. Population in 
 1831, 1267; of parish, 2517. 
 
 SHRALLA, a mountain stream in 
 the mountains of Morisk, county of 
 Galway, near the town of Westport. 
 
SIL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 SIX 
 
 SHRONEL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Clanwil- 
 liam, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Einly. Population in 1831, 
 1006. Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 SHRUEL, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Baronies of Abbeyshrule and 
 Rathcline, county of Longford, and 
 Diocese of Ardagh, on the Inny, in t 
 the vicinity of Ballymahon. This 
 parish is one of the reputed birth- 
 places of Oliver Goldsmith. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 3848. 
 
 SHRUEL, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Kilmaine, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam, 
 on the stream called the Black River, 
 properly the Moyne, which here se- 
 parates the counties of Mayo and 
 Sligo, and is noted for its subterrane- 
 ous course. The small village of 
 Shruel, with the ruins of its castle 
 and abbey, is three miles from Head- 
 ford, and is reached from Tuam by a 
 branch road between Castle-Hacket 
 and Headford. A dreadful massacre 
 was perpetrated at Shruel in 1641. 
 Near the village is the residence of 
 Dalgan. Fairs are held on Easter- 
 Monday, and in July and Novem- 
 ber, Population of parish in 1831, 
 4167. 
 
 SHRUEL, a parish, prebend and 
 rectory, in the Barony of Slievemar- 
 gie. Queen’s County, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin, on the Barrow, constituting 
 part of the corps of the Treasurership 
 of that Diocese. Population in 1831, 
 183. Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 SHRUEL, a stream on the north 
 border of the county of Galway, which 
 dips under ground near Moycastle, 
 and emerges before it enters Lough 
 Corrib. 
 
 SHYANE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Eliogarty, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel, in 
 the vicinity of Thurles. 
 
 SILLIES RIVER, a tributary of 
 the Erne near Enniskillen. 
 
 SILVER RIVER, a tributary of 
 the Brosna, in the King’s County, 
 watering the valley between Drought- 
 ville and Castle- Bernard. In its 
 739 
 
 course it passes the village of Bally- 
 boy and the town of Frankford. 
 
 SILVERMINES, a village seven 
 miles from Nenagh, in the county of 
 Tipperary, in the vicinity of the Shal- 
 lee lead-mines. It derives its name 
 from a lead-mine, the ore of which 
 contains silver, leased to the Imperial 
 i Mining Company of Ireland. Ad- 
 joining is Kilboy, the demesne and 
 seat of Lord Dunally — the mansion 
 spacious and elegant, and the grounds 
 uniting with beautiful scenery at the 
 base of the hills. Some of the largest 
 oak and ash trees are in this demesne, 
 which contains remarkably rich and 
 fertile lands. Above the village, on 
 the high grounds, are the ruins of 
 Dunally Castle. The mines in this 
 quarter are in successful operation. 
 
 SIMONSTOWN, a paroehial cu- 
 racy in the united Baronies of Kilkea 
 and Moone, county of Kildare, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of the post-village of Bal- 
 lytore. 
 
 SINGLAND, a parish, rectory, and 
 small village, within the county of the 
 city of Limerick, the rectory form- 
 ing part of the corps of the Diocese 
 of Limerick, 
 
 SIX-MILE-BRIDGE, a post-vil- 
 lage in the parishes of Kilfinaghty 
 and Kilfentinan, county of Clare, on a 
 tributary of the Shannon, on the road 
 from Limerick to Ennis. This was 
 formerly a place of some trade, and 
 has a Market-House and several flour- 
 mills. Here is also a district Bride- 
 well. The village is the property of 
 the Earl of Egremont. In the vi- 
 cinity are the residences of Rose- 
 banagher Castle, Mount Ivers, Rale- 
 hine, Castlecrine, and Belvoir. Po- 
 pulation in 1&31, 1491. 
 
 SIX-MILE-BRIDGE, a village in 
 the parish of Fedamore, county of 
 Limerick, on the road from that city 
 to Bruff. 
 
 SIX-MILE-CROSS, a village in the 
 parish of Termonmaguirk, county of 
 Tyrone, at which a fair is held on the 
 19th of each month. 
 
 SIX-MILE- WATER, a small 
 
SKI 
 
 stream which entersLough Neagh near 
 the town of Antrim. 
 
 SKE A, a parochial chapelry in the 
 Barony of Glenawley, county of Fer- 
 managh, and Diocese of Clogher. 
 Five miles south of Enniskillen, on 
 the road to Swanlinbar, is the resi- 
 dence of Skea, and close to it that of 
 Fairwood Park. Post-town, Ennis- 
 killen. 
 
 SKEEN (LOUGH), a small lake 
 near Lough Meelagh, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of the very poor village of 
 Keadue, county of Roscommon, on 
 the Sligo boundary. Between Loughs 
 Skeen and Meelagh is the demesne of 
 Castle-Tenison. “ In this quarter,” 
 says Mr Weld, “ insulated hills, vary- 
 ing considerably in extent and eleva- 
 tion, with bogs and moory bottoms 
 ; at their base, rise on every side, and 
 the roads pass in succession over ra- 
 pid steeps, and dead flats.” 
 i SKEIRKE, or Skirk, a parish and 
 | vicarage in the Barony of Upper Os- 
 sory, Queen’s County, and Diocese of 
 j Ossory, two miles from Borris-in- 
 | Ossory. Here is a pagan temple on 
 the summit of an eminence, having 
 in the centre a pyramidal stone, and 
 surrounded by an intrenchinent. On 
 the east is an ancient cromlech, and to- 
 wards the north an exploratory fort. 
 
 SKELLIGS, three rocky islets 
 which lie ten miles seaward from 
 Ballinskelligs Bay, on the coast of 
 Kerry, south-west of Valentia Island. 
 Two Light-houses are erected on the 
 Great Skellig, a rock of slate which 
 rises high above the Atlantic, and 
 these tall white towers are useful sea- 
 marks, even by day, to those navigat- 
 ing this iron-bound coast. The per- 
 j sons in charge of these Light-houses 
 | are regularly provisioned for six 
 | months. An abbey is said to have 
 ! been founded on the Great Skellig by 
 j St Finian, which was of sufficient 
 j importance to attract the covetous 
 J propensities of the Danes, who plun- 
 j dered it in A. D. 812, and imprisoned 
 and starved the monks. This caus- 
 ed the transference of the establish- 
 | ment to the mainland. 
 
 740 
 
 SKERRIES, a small sea-port In 
 the parish of Holmpatrick, county of 
 Dublin, on the Irish Sea, eight Irish 
 miles from Swords, and 15 miles from 
 Dublin, on a small headland three 
 miles south-east of Balbriggan. This 
 is the largest fishing village on the east 
 coast. Here are the parish church, 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, and two 
 schools. The pier, which is substan- 
 tial, affords shelter to the fishing boats 
 of the place and neighbourhood. 
 Skerries at one time possessed 80 
 fishing smacks and wherries, but that 
 nmnber is now much reduced. The 
 greater part of the male population 
 are engaged in the deep-sea fishing, 
 diversifying that avocation by tilling 
 the little spots of ground attached to j 
 their houses, and the females em- 
 broider muslins for the Belfast and 
 Glasgow manufacturers. Opposite 
 the town are Red Island, Colt Island, 
 and St Patrick’s Island, collectively 
 known as the Skerries. Of these 
 St Patrick’s Island comprises about 
 nine acres, and contains ruins of an 
 ancient church. Near the town are 
 the residences of Milverton and ; 
 Hacketstown. Population in 1831, j 
 2556. 
 
 SKERRIES, a group of islands off ! 
 the coast of the parish of Bally willan, i 
 county of Antrim, north-east of the j 
 harbour of Portrusk. Between the 
 group and the mainland is a good ! 
 roadstead for shipping. 
 
 SKERRY, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Lower Half Barony and county of 
 Antrim, Diocese of Connor, on the j 
 Braid river. Population in 1831, 4405. j 
 Post-town, Ballymena. 
 
 SKIBBEREEN, a post-town in the 
 parishes of Creagh and Abbeystroury, j 
 county of Cork, 168 Irish miles from 
 Dublin, 10 miles from Rosscarbery, 
 and 14 miles from Ban try. That 
 
 portion of the town in Abbeystroury 
 parish is generally called Bridgetown. 
 Skibbereen is situated on the lien, 
 which is navigable to within half a 
 mile of it, and is a thriving place, 
 carrying on an extensive retail trade. 
 Considerable business is done in the 
 
 SKE 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
SKR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 sale of wheat, barley, oats, and other 
 agricultural produce ; and great quan- 
 tities of yarns and coarse linens find 
 purchasers at the fairs. Here are 
 several large flour-mills, and porter 
 and ale breweries. The town contains 
 the parish church, a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a Market-House, and several 
 good tenements, hut its appearance 
 generally is not very prepossessing. 
 
 I According to Mr Inglis, it is “ a small 
 ugly town,” nevertheless, “ a busy and 
 thriving town, enjo>ing an excellent 
 I retail trade, owing to the demand of 
 an extensive surrounding district.” 
 
 | The intercourse with Cork, which is 
 42 Irish miles distant, is chiefly by 
 land, on account of the prevalence of 
 the westerly winds rendering the 
 coasting both tedious and dangerous. 
 Many extensive improvements are in 
 j progress round the town, for which 
 there was great necessity, especially 
 on the road to Bantry. Quarter- 
 sessions are held at Skibbereen once a 
 year. Here are some extensive flour- 
 mills, a large Roman Catholic chapel, 
 the Union Workhouse, and several 
 ' other institutions. Upw ards of a mile 
 ; distant, on the Bantry road, is the re- 
 j sidence of Hollybrook, and two miles 
 below the town, on the lien, is the 
 i villa of Newcourt. About ten miles 
 ' west from the town are the copper 
 minea of Aliahies, first worked in 
 1814. Population in 1831, 4430. 
 
 SKREENE, or Skryke, a Barony 
 of the county of Meath, divided into 
 18 parishes, but containing no town 
 or village of any importance. 
 
 SKREENE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of its name, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. The 
 small village of Skreene is seven 
 ! miles from Dunshaughlin, and was 
 anciently designated the Shrine of St 
 Columb. Population in 1831, 1279. 
 
 SKREENE, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Tyreragh, 
 county of Sligo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala. Population in 1831, 4567. Post- 
 town, Dromore-West. 
 
 SKREENE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, county 
 741 1 
 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. 
 Post-town, Wexford. 
 
 SKULL, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, and village, in the Barony of 
 West Carbery, county and Diocese of 
 Cork, on an inlet in Roaring-Water 
 Bay. This parish is divided into 
 east and west sections. Population in 
 1831, 12,252. Post-town, Skibbereen. 
 
 SLADE, a village on the inlet of 
 Slade Harbour, county of Wexford, 
 on the western shore of the Bay of 
 Ballybeg. 
 
 SLANE, a parochial curacy in the 
 Barony of Ardes, county and Diocese 
 of Down, in which are the ruins of 
 an ancient church, and of a Precep- 
 tory of the Knights of St John of Je- 
 rusalem. Post-town, Portaferry. 
 
 SLANE (UPPER and LOWER), 
 two Baronies of the county of Meath, 
 divided into sixteen parishes. 
 
 SLANE, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of its name, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. The town of Slaite, 
 22 Irish miles from Dublin, and 12 
 miles from Ashbourne, on the road 
 to Drumconra, is situated about a 
 quarter of a mile from the Boyne ri- 
 ver, which is crossed by a stone bridge. 
 This town claims a high antiquity. 
 In the early ages of Christianity it 
 was a Bishopric, one of those nume- 
 rous small Sees which comprise the 
 present Diocese of Meath, and its Ab- 
 bey, the ruins of which are in the 
 plantations above it, was founded at 
 an early period. In the town are the 
 parish church and a Roman Catholic 
 chapel ; and the flour -mills at Slane 
 Bridge are the most extensive and 
 complete in the county, probably not 
 exceeded by any similar establish- 
 ments in Ireland. The houses of 
 Slane are chiefly modern and of neat 
 appearance, an elegant circus of uni- 
 form dwellings ornamenting the cen- 
 tre. Immediately above the town, 
 on the bank of the river, is Slane 
 Castle, the magnificent seat of the 
 Marquis of Conyngham, surrounded 
 by a spacious demesne. This fine 
 mansion was visited by George IV. 
 in 1821, and' his Majesty remained in 
 
SLI THE GAZETTEER SLI 
 
 it several days. Opposite is Beau- 
 park, a delightful residence, the man- 
 sion a plain square edifice on an ele- 
 vated situation, commanding very fine 
 views of the Boyne and the surround- 
 ing picturesque and fertile country, 
 both above and below the town, and 
 displaying most interesting scenery. 
 Slane has the advantage of several 
 schools, and is one of the stations of 
 the county constabulary force. Four 
 miles below the town, on the Boyne, 
 
 » is the remarkable Danish mound of 
 New Grange, having a caverned in- 
 terior built in the form of a cross, 
 and approached by a long low subter- 
 raneous passage. The mound is 70 
 feet high, and has an irregular area 
 of 300 feet in circumference on the 
 summit. Population of the town in 
 1331, 893 ; of the parish, 2516. 
 
 SLANEY, a river which rises in 
 the mountains of Wicklow near the 
 village of Douard, and entering Car- 
 low traverses that county and Wex- 
 ford in its course to Wexford Har- 
 bour, where it enters the sea at Fer- 
 rycarrig Bridge. This river is navi- 
 gable to Enniscorthy, a distance of 
 24 miles, and passes the towns of 
 Stratford, Baltinglass, Newtown-Bar- 
 ry, Enniscorthy, and Wexford. The 
 principal tributaries are the Low, the 
 Boro, Bann, Urn, and Cloddy. The 
 Slaney ranks the fourth in import- 
 ance of the Irish rivers after the 
 Shannon. 
 
 SLATY, or Sletty, a small paro- 
 chial district in the Barony of Slieve- 
 margie, Queen’s County, on the Bar- 
 row. 
 
 SLIEVE, or Sliebh, a name pre- 
 fixed to numerous mountain ranges 
 and hills in many of the Irish coun- 
 ties, such as the Slievebloom chain of 
 lofty mountains, separating the King’s 
 and Queen’s Counties, 1689 feet high ; 
 the Slieveancerin range, or the 
 Heights of Ireland, in the county of 
 Leitrim, 1922 feet ; the Slievebin- 
 gian range, 2449 feet ; Slievecroob, 
 1755 feet ; and Slieve-Donard, 2796 
 feet, all in the county of Down ; 
 the Slieve-Gallion range in Lon- 
 742 
 
 donderry county, 1730 feet; the 
 Slieve-Gullion in Armagh, 1893 feet; 
 the Slieve-League Cliffs, 1965 feet, and 
 Slievesnaght, 2019 feet, in Donegal ; 
 the Slievenakilla in Cavan, 1791 feet ; 
 the Slievenamannan range in Tipper- 
 ary, 2362 feet ; the North and South 
 Slievebon, in Roscommon, respec- 
 tively 839 and 857 feet; the Slieve- 
 bawn, Slieve-Russell, and numerous 
 others mentioned in the sketches of 
 the respective counties to which they 
 belong. 
 
 SLIEVEARDAGH, a Barony of 
 the county of Tipperary, divided into 
 thirteen parishes, including the town 
 of Killenaule and the village of New- 
 Birmingham. 
 
 SLIEVEMARGIE, a Barony of 
 the Queen’s County, comprising six 
 parishes, and the small town of 
 Graigue. 
 
 SLIGO, a county of the Province 
 of Connaught, bounded on the east 
 by the county of Leitrim, on the 
 south by Roscommon, on the south 
 and west by Mayo, and on the north 
 by the great Bay of Donegal. This 
 county is 38 miles in its greatest 
 length, betweenMullaghmore Head on 
 the north, to Lough Gara on the south, 
 and 41 miles in breadth from west to 
 east, between Ardnaree and the 
 boundaries of Roscommon and Lei- 
 trim. The area is estimated at 721 
 square miles, or 461,753 acres. An- 
 other statement reduces the area to 679 j 
 square miles, or 434,188 English acres, ! 
 of which 257,217 are cultivated, 168,71 1 
 are unimproved bog and mountain, 
 and 8260 are under water. The 
 county is divided into the six Baronies 
 of Carbery, Coolavin, Corran, Leney, 
 Tiraghrill, and Tyreragh, comprising 
 39 parishes, 23 of which are in the Dio- 
 cese of Tuam, and 16 in the Diocese 
 of Elphin. 
 
 Sligo has a very extensive line of 
 sea coast exposed to the storms of the 
 Atlantic. Killala Bay, on the west- 
 ern boundary of the county, belongs 
 partly to Mayo, and Kinnisliarragh 
 Point forms its eastern extremity. 
 Farther eastwards are several bays 
 
SLI 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 SLI 
 
 and indentations terminated by Augh- 
 ris Head, which forms the western 
 point of the capacious Sligo Bay, and 
 Knockane Point the southern head- 
 land. Rounding this, after passing 
 the Island of Inismurray, which is 
 separated from the mainland by a pas- 
 sage r extremely dangerous, except in 
 I moderate weather, from the number 
 of reefs under water, the great Bay of 
 Donegal expands, on the south or Sli- 
 go entrance of which are the Bays of 
 Classyvaun and Milkhaven. Sligo 
 Bay stretches, in its more extended 
 bearings, from Rinoran to Gessige 
 Point, a distance of about six miles. 
 It contains the three indentations of 
 Sligo, Drumcliff, and Ballisadare 
 Bays, of which the first is the central 
 and the deepest, its entrance pro- 
 tected from the violence of the At- 
 lantic by the two small Oyster and 
 Coney Islands. At the mouth of the 
 harbour are three Light-houses, and 
 though there is a bar across the 
 main entrance with only ten feet depth 
 at low water, vessels of at least 300 
 tons can approach the quays at the 
 town in spring tides. 
 
 There are several mountain ranges 
 of considerable height, such as the 
 Ox, Slieve, and Gamph mountains, 
 rising nearly 1500 and upwards of 
 1300 feet respectively ; Benulbin, Cul- 
 logherboy, and Truskmore, which are 
 21 13 feet ; Kishcorran and Carriskea ; 
 and the less elevated Curlew Moun- 
 tains on the boundary with Roscom- 
 mon. The principal rivers are the 
 Moy, which separates the county from 
 Mayo ; the Tinned, the Esky, the Bal- 
 lybeg, the Dunneil, the Garvogue, 
 which issues from Lough Gill ; and 
 the Ballysadare, with its branches 
 the Owenmore, Owenbeg, and Arrow. 
 Several of the numerous lakes are re- 
 markably picturesque. A portion of 
 Lough Gill is in Leitrim county; 
 Lough Arrow is in the east quarter of 
 the county ; Lough Gara in the south- 
 east; Lough Talt is in a basin of the 
 Ox Mountains ; Lough Esky is in the 
 same range ; Templebouse, Cloona- 
 leigha, and others, are of limited extent. 
 
 743 
 
 The climate of Sligo is moist, on 
 account of the proximity to the sea 
 and the lofty intersecting mountain 
 tracts. The soil in these districts is 
 a light sandy loam, with large patches 
 of bog, but in the plains and valleys 
 it is often rich and deep, on a sub- 
 stratum of limestone, and adapted 
 to the growth of all kinds of agri- 
 cultural produce. Timber was at 
 one time abundant, but the consump- 
 tion of it in the iron works, and the 
 improvident use of it for domestic 
 and other purposes, rapidly pros- 
 trated the woods, without the slightest 
 regard to the formation of a fresh 
 supply; but this defect is annually 
 diminishing, and there are numerous 
 plantations of forest trees round the 
 mansions of the proprietors and on the 
 borders of the lakes. The prevalence 
 of westerly gales from the Atlantic 
 prevents the growth of any trees near 
 the shore, except the willow and syca- 
 more. 
 
 Although there is ample scope for 
 agricultural improvements both in 
 tillage and pasture, few have been in- 
 troduced; oats and potatoes are the 
 principal crops; but wheat is now 
 raised in considerable quantities on 
 the rich lowland plains, and green 
 crops under the rotation system are 
 obtaining greater attention every year. 
 Ploughing is effected by two horses, 
 and in some light soils by the variety 
 of two asses, the oxen being now dis- 
 carded from this work of labour, but 
 in the mountain districts the natives 
 still carry on their operations with the 
 spade. The tillage farms are from 
 five acres, and even less, to 200 and 
 300 acres in size ; those for pasture 
 are more extensive, and the average 
 rent of land is 10s. 8d. per acre. 
 Horned cattle of the largest size are 
 fattened in the plains ; young cattle 
 are reared in the hilly districts ; 
 flocks of sheep abound in the western 
 Baronies; and pigs throughout the 
 county in prodigious numbers. The 
 coasts afford valuable fisheries, greatly 
 neglected on account of the want of 
 capital, but which could be rendered 
 
SLI 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 SLI 
 
 sources of great wealth. The inland 
 trade consists of coarse cloths, wool- 
 lens, stockings, and the sale of linen, 
 the manufacture of which is again re- 
 viving. Among the projected plans 
 for stimulating industry may be men- 
 tioned the railway from Sligo through 
 Ballisadare, Colooney, and Drumsna. 
 to Longford. The condition of the 
 peasantry in this county is for the 
 most part very wretched. 
 
 The expenses are defrayed by the 
 usual Grand Jury Presentments. Two 
 Members are returned to represent 
 the county in the Imperial Parlia- 
 ment; constituency in 1840-41, 824. 
 Population in 1831, 171,508. 
 
 SLIGO, the county town and a par- 
 liamentary borough, is 104 Irish miles 
 from Dublin by Lucan, Leixlip, May- 
 nooth, Enfield, Kinnegad, Mullingar, 
 Longford, Carrick-on-Shannon, and 
 Boyle. It is the most important com- 
 mercial town in the Province of Con-' 
 naught, and is situated at the head of 
 the bay of its name on the Garvogue 
 river, which runs through the town. 
 Sligo became a place of importance by 
 the erection of a Castle soon after the 
 arrival of the English by the Earl of 
 Kildare, and afterwards by the foun- 
 dation of a Dominican Monastery, but 
 its progress was subsequently stopped 
 by conflagrations, and by the deadly 
 feuds between the English and the 
 natives of the district. It was con- 
 stituted a parliamentary borough in 
 1613, and obtained a charter from 
 James I. in 1621. In the earlier part 
 of the war of 1641 the town was taken 
 by the Parliamentarians under Sir 
 Charles Coote, but it was very soon 
 evacuated, and continued in the pos- 
 session of the Royalists till the war 
 terminated. The inhabitants declar- 
 ed for King James, but the Ennis- 
 killeners seized it for King William. 
 They were expelled by General Sars- 
 field, which was a mere momentary 
 triumph, as the town surrendered to 
 the Earl of Granard. The principal 
 memorial of antiquity is the ruin of 
 the Dominican Monastery, which is a 
 fine specimen of the architecture of 
 744 
 
 the fourteenth century. Near the high 
 altar is the tomb of the O’Conor-Sligo, 
 containing an eflBgy of the chief, and 
 other tombs within exhibit elegance 
 of design. The east window is beau- 
 tiful, and three sides of the cloisters 
 remain entire, having an arched roof 
 supported by pillars of good work- 
 manship. This Monastery, the ruins 
 of which are carefully preserved on 
 that part of the town belonging to 
 Lord Palmerston, was founded in 1322 
 by Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Justice 
 of Ireland. 
 
 The river Garvogue is crossed by 
 two bridges, and the dam thrown 
 across near its debouch for the use of 
 the large flour-mills gives it the ap- 
 pearance of a broad and deep stream. 
 The town is romantically situated, 
 and its environs are uncommonly pic- 
 turesque, especially as seen from the 
 eminence called the Cairns above the 
 new church. In the older parts of 
 the town the streets are narrow, wind- 
 ing, irregularly built, ill paved, and 
 not particularly clean, but some ex- 
 cellent new streets have been formed, 
 and convenient markets and large 
 stores are erected. The public build- 
 ings are situated at some distance 
 from each other, and are prominent 
 in and around the town. These are 
 the County Court House, a large and 
 well arranged Jail, the County Infir- 
 mary and Fever Hospital, two Dis- 
 pensaries, a small Cavalry Barrack, 
 two elegant and commodious parish 
 churches, a Dominican Friary, large 
 Roman Catholic chapel, and Presby- 
 terian, Independent, and Methodist 
 meeting-houses ; also a Library, small 
 Theatre, and the Union Workhouse, 
 which serves for the greater part of 
 the county under the Poor Law Act. 
 The quays are commodious. Here 
 are several breweries and a distillery ; 
 some business is done in the sales of 
 linen; and the retail trade is con- 
 siderable. The manufacture of flour 
 and oatmeal, in connection with the 
 extensive mills of Ballisadare, is very 
 important. Thetown contains Branch- 
 es of the Bank of Ireland, the Provin- 
 
SLI 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 cial Bank of Ireland, and the National 
 Bank of Ireland. There are daily 
 markets, the principal on Thursday 
 and Saturday, well supplied with 
 grain, meat, fish, and vegetables ; and 
 five fairs are held. The paving, 
 lighting, and other departments of 
 the municipal police, are under the 
 direction of Commissioners appointed 
 by several Acts of Parliament, whose 
 jurisdiction extends a mile in every 
 direction from the market-cross. Sligo 
 is also a chief station of the constabu- 
 lary and for the Coast Guard. f ‘ In 
 streets, houses, bustle, and shops,” 
 says Mr Inglis, et Sligo holds a re- 
 spectable rank. The latter, indeed, 
 are scarcely surpassed even by those 
 of Cork or Limerick, and without a 
 due consideration of the geographical 
 situation, one might feel surprise at 
 the very extensive warehouses of 
 groceries, cloths, cottons, cutlery, &c. 
 — In the general aspect of the popula- 
 tion I perceived an improvement. I 
 saw fewer tatters than I had been ac- 
 customed to, and fewer bare feet on 
 market day, when all wear shoes and 
 stockings who can. — Sligo is a cheap 
 town.” 
 
 The trade of Sligo has considerably 
 increased, as has also the shipping, 
 since 1835, when the vessels belonging 
 to the port were 19; tonnage, 1752. 
 In that year the value of the exports 
 amounted to L.359,490; the imports, 
 L. 124, 692 ; but up to 1837 the revenue 
 of customs and excise duties had not 
 increased in the same proportion. 
 The regulations of the port and har- 
 bour are placed under the Commis- 
 sioners of the town police. 
 
 The Corporation of Sligo consists 
 of the Provost, Free Burgesses, and 
 Commonalty ; and the town returns 
 one Member to the Imperial Parlia- 
 ment ; constituency in 1840-1, 639. 
 Two miles from the town, on the road 
 to Manor- Hamilton, is the mansion of 
 Hazlewood, the seat of Mr Wynne, 
 who divides the proprietorship of the 
 town with Lord Palmerston. The 
 beautiful demesne, which contains the 
 finest timber and the most delightful 
 745 
 
 scenery, includes nearly the whole of 
 the large and picturesque Lough Gill, 
 with its two islands and 18 islets all 
 covered with wood. Sligo gives the 
 title of Marquis in the Peerage of 
 Ireland, to a junior branch of the 
 Brownes, Earls of Kilmaine. John 
 Browne, Esq., M.P. for Castlebar, was 
 created Baron Monteagle of West- 
 port in 1760; Viscount Westport in 
 1768 ; and Earl of Altaraont in 1771. 
 Howe-Peter, fourth Earl, was advanc- 
 ed to the dignity of Marquis of Sligo 
 in 1800, and was created Baron Mont- 
 eagle, in the Peerage of Great Britain, 
 in 1806. Population in 1831, 15,152. 
 
 SMALL COUNTY, a Barony of 
 ! the county of Limerick, divided into 
 eighteen parishes. 
 
 SMARMORE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Ardee, county of 
 Louth, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 Post-town, Ardee. 
 
 SMERWICK, a village and har- 
 bour nine miles from Dingle, parish 
 of Donorlin, county of Kerry, on the 
 Atlantic. In the vicinity of Smer- 
 wick Harbour is the Cyclopean or 
 Pelasgo Irish fort of Cahirdorogan. 
 
 SMITHSBOROUGH, a village in 
 the parish of Clones, county of Mo- 
 naghan, five miles from Clones. Here 
 is a small manufactory of spades and 
 agricultural implements, and fairs are 
 held on the 30th of March and 3d of 
 August. 
 
 SNAIVE, a stream which enters 
 Glengariff Bay midway between the 
 Ouvawn and Glengariff. 
 
 SNEEM, a poor village in the coun- 
 ty of Kerry, on the inlet of the Ken- 
 mare River, on the road from Kenmare 
 to Cahirciveen. 
 
 SOLAR, a parish and rectory re- 
 spectively assigned to the Baronies of 
 Antrim (Lower Half) and Kilconnell, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, in the vicinity of Bally- 
 mena. 
 
 SOLOGHODBEG, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Emly. Population in 1831, 
 758. Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 3 R 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 STE 
 
 SOLOGHODMORE, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Clan- 
 william, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Emly. Population in 1831, 
 2791. Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 SOW, a stream in the county of 
 Wexford, which waters the beautiful 
 demesne of Artramont near Castle- 
 Bridge. 
 
 SPANCEL-HILL, a village in the 
 county of Clare, three miles from 
 Ennis, noted for its horse fairs. 
 
 SPIDDLE, a village in the parish 
 of Moycullen, on the north shore of 
 Galway Bay, at which is a boat har- 
 bour, constructed by the Fishery 
 Board. 
 
 SPIKE ISLAND, the largest and 
 most important Island in Cork Har- 
 bour, containing 180 acres, and direct- 
 ly fronting the entrance to the Har- 
 bour, for the defence of which it is 
 strongly fortified. This Island was 
 private property till the commence- 
 ment of the French Revolution, when 
 it was purchased from Mr Nicholas 
 Fitton by Government, and in 1791 
 Fort Westmoreland Battery, intended 
 to mount 100 guns, was commenced 
 under the direction of Colonel, after- 
 ! wards General, Vallancey, well-known 
 for his researches in Irish history 
 and archeology. The Barracks were 
 ; erected in 1806, and since that year 
 1 large sums have been expended in 
 fortifying the Island, though the 
 works are still incomplete according 
 to the original plans. See Cork. 
 
 SQUIRE’S CARN, a mountain in 
 the county of Donegal, w'hich, with 
 that of Cragnamaddy, attains an ele- 
 vation of 1050 feet, and both form the 
 eastern shore of the promontory on 
 which Moville is situated. 
 
 STABANNON, a parish and vicar- 
 age, with a village of its name, in the 
 Barony of Ardee, county of Louth, 
 and Archdiocese of Armagh. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2221. Post-town, Ar- 
 dee. 
 
 STACKALLEN, a parish, rectory, 
 and village of its name, in the Barony 
 of Slane, county and Diocese of Meath. 
 Here is the mansion of Stackallen, the 
 746 
 
 seat of Viscount Boyne. Population 
 in 1831, 837. Post-town, Navan. 
 
 STACUMNIE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Salt, 
 county of Kildare, and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin. Post-town, Leixlip. 
 
 STAGONIL. See Powerscourt. 
 
 STAIGUE, or the Place of Slaugh- 
 ter, a remarkable Cyclopean fort in 
 the parish of Kilcrohan, county of 
 Kerry, twelve miles west of Kenmare. 
 It is a circular stone structure on a 
 hill, wdthin a deep hollow formed by 
 the surrounding mountains, and only 
 open on the south to the sea. The 
 area is 89 feet ; the wall, which is ad- 
 mirably constructed, is 13§ feet thick; 
 the periphery divided into ten com- 
 partments of steps or seats ascending 
 to the top, and the whole surrounded 
 by a moat 26 feet wide and six feet 
 deep. Similar structures are found 
 in the parish. A model of Staigue 
 Fort is in the Dublin Society House, j 
 
 STAMULLEN, a parish and vicar- j 
 age in the Barony of Upper Duleek, | 
 county and Diocese of Meath. The ! 
 village of Stamullen is two miles west i 
 of Gormanstown, and near it is the j 
 demesne of Stedalt. Population of ! 
 parish in 1831, 1322. Post-town, j 
 Drogheda. 
 
 STAPLESTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Ballinacarig, county of Car- 
 low, on the Burrin river, which is ; 
 here crossed by a stone bridge, and 
 upwards of two miles from the town 
 of Carlow. 
 
 STARBOG MOUNTAINS, a high 
 muirland tract so called in the county 
 of Tyrone, between Ballygawley and 
 Omagh, the highest of which is Shan- 
 tavny. Patches of green sward and 
 tillage skirt the dreary sides of this 
 hilly range, and indicate the future 
 improvement of the peat bog and 
 moss. 
 
 STEGFORT, a locality oh the old 
 inland and mountain road from Ken- 
 mare to Cahirciveen, county of Kerry, 
 about midway between the village of 
 Sneem and Mr O’Connell’s residence 
 of Darrynane Abbey, at which are 
 some remarkable ruins. They are in 
 
STO 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ST II 
 
 a dreary mountain valley, are about 
 90 feet iu circumference, and are sup- 
 posed to have been the refuge of pi- 
 rates in ancient times. 
 
 STEWARTSTOWN, a thriving, 
 neat, and well-built little town in the 
 parish of Donaghenry, county of Ty- 
 rone, six miles from Dungannon, five 
 miles from Castletown, on the road 
 by Moneymore, Maghera, and Gar- 
 vagh to Coleraine, and three miles 
 from the western shore of Lough 
 Neagh. Coal Island is two miles 
 
 distant. A very considerable trade 
 is carried on in the manufacture of 
 linen and union cloth, and fairs are 
 held on the 7th and 14th of January, 
 1 8th of February and March, 15th of 
 April, 1st and 13th of May, 17th of 
 June, 15th of July, 12th of August, 
 3th and 16th of September, 14th of 
 October, 1st of November, and 16th 
 and 21st of December. Here are the 
 parish church, a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, and a Presbyterian meeting- 
 house. The town has a remarkably 
 ! cheerful appearance, and the sur- 
 rounding district is fertile and plea- 
 sant. In the vicinity are the resi- 
 ! dences of Mullantain, Bellmount, 
 
 I Barnshill, Belleville, and Donaghenry, 
 
 I and a mile and a half east is Stewart 
 I Hall, the seat of the Earl of Castle- 
 stewart. Population in 1831, 1010. 
 
 I STICKILLEN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Ardee, county 
 of Louth, and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh, about a mile from the post- 
 town of Ardee. 
 
 STILLORG AN, a parochial curacy 
 and picturesque village about six 
 miles from Dublin, surrounded by 
 numbers of splendid residences and 
 elegant villas. 
 
 STONEHALL, a village in the 
 parish of Rathkeale, county of Lime- 
 I rick. 
 
 STONEHALL, a parish, impro- 
 priate rectory and village, in the Ba- 
 rony of Corkaree, county of West- 
 meath, and Diocese of Meath, on 
 Lough Dereveragh. Post-town, Mul- 
 lingar. 
 
 STONEPOUND, a village about 
 747 
 
 six Irish miles from Enniscorthy, on 
 the road to Ross, county of Wexford, 
 about a mile distant from which is 
 Castleboro, the beautiful seat and de- 
 mesne of Lord Carew. 
 
 STONEYFORD, a village in the 
 parishes of Church-Jerpoint and En- 
 nisnag, county of Kilkenny, at Ben- 
 nett’s Bridge, in the vicinity of which 
 is the elegant residence of Flood Hall, 
 and three miles distant is Mount 
 Juliet, the seat of the Earl of Carrick. 
 
 STRABAE, a small parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Rathville, 
 county of Carlow, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin, on the Slaney. 
 
 STRABAE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of East Maryborough, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin. Population in 1831, 2176. 
 Post-town, Mountmellick. 
 
 STRABANE, a populous and fer- 
 tile Barony in the county of Tyrone, 
 divided into nine parishes. 
 
 STRABANE, a thriving town in 
 the parishes of Camus and Leckpa- 
 trick, Barony of its name, and county 
 of Tyrone, about eight Irish miles 
 from Newtowm-Stewart, twelve miles 
 from Londonderry, and 102 Irish 
 miles from Dublin. It is situated on 
 the Mourne, and is surrounded by the 
 loftiest mountains of Tyrone and 
 Derry, among which, in the vicinity, 
 are Ligfordrum, 1343 feet. Strabane 
 is the most important town between 
 Dublin and Londonderry, and is within 
 two miles of Lifford, the assize tow n 
 of Donegal county. The older streets 
 are ill built, and though the modern 
 ones contain good houses and shops, 
 the town is neither clean nor w r ell ar- 
 ranged; but Mr Inglis thinks Stra- 
 bane a remarkably neat and pretty- 
 looking town, with several streets 
 which contain excellent houses and 
 capital shops.” The town contains 
 a parish church, a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, two Presbyterian and two Me- 
 thodist meeting-houses, the Union 
 Workhopse, Fever Hospital, Dispen- 
 sary, and other institutions peculiar 
 to a district county town. It is one 
 of the best linen markets in the pro- 
 
STR THE GAZETTEER STR 
 
 vince of Ulster, a very considerable 
 business is carried on in the export of 
 provisions, and the retail trade is ex- 
 tensive. A canal, about three Irish 
 miles long, connects the town with 
 the deeper parts of the Foyle, and 
 adds much to the facilities for the 
 import and export trade. Here are 
 Branches of the Provincial Bank of 
 Ireland and the National Bank of Ire- 
 land ; the weekly markets are well 
 attended; and fairs are held on the 
 first Thursday of January, March, 
 April, June, July, September, Octo • 
 ber, and December, and on the 1st of 
 ! February, 1 1th of May, 1st of August. 
 
 | and 12th of November. The town is 
 governed by a Provost, Recorder, and 
 Town-Clerk. The residence of Mill- 
 | town Lodge is east of the town, and 
 the whole neighbourhood is interest- 
 ing. The town is the property of the 
 : Marquis of Abercorn, to whom it 
 gives the title of Baron in the Peer- 
 age of Ireland. Population in 1831, 
 47QO. 
 
 | STRABEGAGII, or Trawbeagh, 
 
 a harbour in the Barony of Ennis- 
 howen, south west of Malin Head, 
 
 | county of Donegal, the entrance of 
 1 which is narrow, and obstructed by a 
 | bar, though it admits vessels of 150 
 j tons. As it was often unfortunately 
 mistaken for Lough Swilly, the re- 
 ; volving light at Inistrahul was erect- 
 ed as a beacon. 
 
 STRADBALLY, a parish, vicar- 
 age, and fishing village, in the Ba- 
 rony of Duukellin, county of Galway, 
 and Diocese of Kilmacduagh, on Gal- 
 way Bay. Population in 1831, 1053. 
 Post-town, Oranmore. 
 
 STRADBALLY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Corkaguiney, 
 county of Kerry, and united Dioceses 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe, at the extre- 
 mity of St Brandon’s Bay. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1253. Post-town, Dingle. 
 
 STRADBALLY, a Barony forming 
 the eastern part of the Queen’s Coun- 
 ty, divided into seven parishes. 
 
 STRADBALLY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of its name, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. The town of 
 748 
 
 Stradbally is 40 Irish miles from 
 Dublin, 6£ miles from Athv, and up- 
 wards of nine miles from Abbeyleix. 
 It is pleasantly situated, and sur- 
 rounded by the woods of the demesne 
 of Stradbally Hall, which unite with 
 those of the fine seats of Ballykilca- 
 vin and Brockly Park, but the town 
 is not particularly well built, though 
 it contains some good houses. A 
 small tributary of the Barrow is cross- 
 ed by a bridge of three arches. The 
 principal street is spacious, and the 
 parish church is an elegant edifice. 
 Here are a large Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a Dispensary, a Savings Bank, 
 and a neat Court-House, with a small 
 Bridewell attached. Quarter-Ses- 
 
 sions for the division are held twice 
 in the year, Petty-Sessions once a 
 fortnight; the weekly market is on 
 Saturday ; and there are five annual 
 fairs. The town is a station of the 
 county constabulary. Formerly a 
 Franciscan monastery was in Strad- 
 bally. Population in 1831, 1799. 
 
 STRADBALLY, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Decies-with- 
 out-Drum, county of Waterford, and 
 Diocese of Lismore. The village of 
 Stradbally is about six miles from 
 Kilmactliomas. Population of parish 
 in 1831, 3462. 
 
 STRADE, or Straid, a village in 
 the parish of Ballyeaston, county of 
 Antrim, near Carrickfergus. Fairs 
 are held on the 4th of September and 
 23d of October. 
 
 STRADE, or Templemore, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Gallen, county of Mayo, and Diocese 
 of Achonry, on the Moy. The ruins 
 of the Abbey of Strade, founded for 
 the Franciscans, and afterwards as- 
 signed to the Dominicans, are four 
 miles from Foxford, on the road to 
 Castlebar. Population in 1831, 4135. 
 
 STR A DON, a village in the pa- 
 rishes of Drong and Laragh, county 
 of Cavan, near the hamlet and lake of 
 Lava, and the demesne of Stradon. 
 Fairs are held on the 7th of Febru- 
 ary, 28th of March, 18th of May, 24th 
 1 of June, 16th of August, 10th of Oc- 
 
STR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 tober, 10th of November, and 18th of 
 December. 
 
 STRAFF AN, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of North Salt, county 
 of Kildare, and A rchdiocese of Dublin, 
 on the Liffey. Here is the fine resi- 
 dence of StrafFan, and in the neigh- 
 ! bourhood those of Lodge Park, Bar- 
 berstown, and Racoffey. Population 
 in 1831, 727. Post-town, Leixlip. 
 
 STRANDTOWN, a village about a 
 mile from Belfast, in the parish of 
 ! Knockbreda, county of Down, on Bel- 
 j fast Lough. 
 
 , STRANGFORD, a small sea-port in 
 
 the parish of Ballyculter, county of 
 j Down, on the inlet of Strangford 
 j Lough, 80 Irish miles from Dublin, 
 five miles from Downpatrick, and 
 within one mile of Portaferry, on the 
 opposite side. It is a neat little town, 
 
 | situated near the head and on the 
 j western side of the channel forming 
 I the entrance to the inlet, and contains 
 a chapel-of-ease and a small Methodist 
 meeting-house. Here is a quay for 
 the convenience of fishing sloops, and 
 | of the boats which convey passengers to 
 I and from Portaferry. Strangford has 
 a considerable trade, and in 1835 the 
 value of the exports amounted to 
 L.79,633; imports, L. 20,498. Fairs 
 
 are held on the 8th of June, 12th of 
 August, and 8th of November. The 
 demesne of Castle Ward, the seat of 
 Viscount Bangor, ornaments the vi- 
 cinity of the town and the shores of 
 the inlet. Strangford gives the title 
 of Viscount, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the Noble Family of Smythe. Sir 
 Thomas Smythe was created Viscount 
 Strangford in 1628, and Percy- Clin- 
 ton- Sidney, eighth Viscount, was cre- 
 ated Baron Penshurst, in the Peerage 
 of Great Britain, in 1825. This noble- 
 man was Ambassador to Portugal in 
 1806, to Sweden in 1817, to Turkey in 
 1820, to Russia in 1825, and published 
 a translation of the smaller poems of 
 the Portuguese Poet Camoens. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 533. 
 
 STRANGFORD LOUGH, a well- 
 known inlet on the coast of Down, 
 very erroneously stated by Macken- 
 
 zie in his chart as lying through the 
 narrow intermediate channel called 
 Nelson’s Gut , and several shipwrecks 
 have occurred in consequence. The 
 true entrance to Strangford Lough is 
 west of the Bar Pladdy, between it 
 and Ballard Point on the opposite 
 side ; and the entrance is a d arrow 
 channel, five miles in length by an 
 average breadth of a mile, presenting 
 in many places bold rocky shores and 
 much interesting scenery. At the 
 entrance is the ruined castle of Kil- 
 clief, built by De Courcy. Beyond 
 the long narrow channel the inlet ex- 
 pands into a very extensive sheet of 
 water studded with islands, many of 
 which are pasturable, and six are 
 inhabited, viz., Castle Island, Red 
 Island, Wood Island, Taggart Island, 
 Bawn, and Maghea, varying from 16 
 to 130 acres. Myriads of rabbits are 
 also bred on the Islands. The tide 
 of so large an inlet, making its way to 
 and from the sea, causes a great cur- j 
 rent in the narrow connecting strait j 
 at every ebb and flow, and renders the 
 navigation at such times difficult. 
 The tide in and out also causes a 
 heavy swell when running against the 
 wind, but the passage is not danger- 
 ous to those who are acquainted with 
 it. Across is the ferry from Strang- 
 ford to Portaferry, and the former is 
 supposed to derive its name from the 
 strength of the intervening tide. The 
 true channel at the narrowest part is 
 little more than a quarter of a mile 
 across, and is contracted by rocks, 
 one of which, called the Ranting 
 Wheel , causes a whirlpool dangerous 
 to small craft. On the opposite side 
 is another similar eddy not so danger, 
 ous. There are several good anchor- 
 ages and landing places at Strangford, 
 Portaferry, Killileagh, Downpatrick 
 quay, and Kirkcubbin. Killileagh 
 quay, built by a Parliamentary grant 
 of L.1200 in 1765, is now much decay- 
 ed. The length of Strangford Lough 
 is about twelve Irish miles, and its 
 greatest breadth four miles, exclusive 
 of the channel below Portaferry. The 
 numerous sandy shoals and rocks 
 
STR THE GAZETTEER STR 
 
 which pervade nearly its whole area 
 render the inlet of comparatively lit- 
 tle use for the purposes of navigation, 
 and during ebb-tides the bottom has a 
 most disagreeable aspect from the 
 extent of muddy sand and slob expos- 
 ed to view. De Courcy erected 27 
 castles round Strangford Lough after 
 the conquest of Ulster, two of which 
 are Audley’s, above Viscount Bangor's 
 demesne, and Walsh’s, this latter still 
 inhabited, near the town of Strang- 
 ford. From Killard Point at the en- 
 trance the coast bears south-west, 
 and is rocky and foul as far as Ard- 
 glass. 
 
 STRANOCUM, a village in the 
 parish of Ballymoney, county of An- 
 j trim, near which are the residences 
 of Stranocum, Bush bank, and Clover 
 Hill, four miles from Ballymoney, on 
 the road to Ballycastle. Fairs are 
 held on the 10th of February, 13th of 
 March, 20th of April, 16th of June, 
 14th of July, 8th of August, 28th of 
 September, 6th of November, and 29th 
 of December. 
 
 STRANORLAR, or Stranorlane, 
 a parish, rectory and vicarage, and 
 perpetual curacy, in the Barony of 
 Raphoe, county of Donegal, and Dio- 
 cese of Raphoe, on the Finn river. 
 The town of Stranorlar is 113 Irish 
 miles from Dublin, six miles from 
 Castlefinn, 11 miles from Strabane, 
 and 1 3 miles from Finntown. It is con- 
 nected with the adjacent small town 
 of Ballybofey, half a mile west, by a 
 bridge over the Finn. Stranorlar 
 consists of one irregularly built street, 
 and has little business, the weekly 
 markets being at Ballybofey ; but 
 fairs are held at Stranorlar on the 29th 
 of March, 11th of June, 6th of July, 
 12th of August, 10th of October, and 
 9th of December. Near Stranorlar, 
 and down the valley of the Finn, are 
 several extensive bleachfields. The 
 town is the property of the Marquis 
 of Conyngham, who at one time en. 
 couraged the linen trade, and at 
 whose expense linen cloth sold at the 
 weekly markets was delivered to pur- 
 chasers at any distance not exceeding 
 750 
 
 20 miles from the market. Stranor- } 
 lar and Ballybofey have been suffered 
 to fall into decay by their proprietors, j 
 which is the more to be regretted, as 
 they are the most westerly towns in 
 this quarter of Donegal, and there are | 
 no others in the vast mountain dis- 
 trict towards Finntown and Nariu. 
 Adjoining Stranorlar is the extensive ' 
 and finely planted demesne of Tyrcal- 
 len on the north, and on the south is 
 the residence of Summerhill. In the i 
 town is a school supported by Colonel 
 Robinson’s Fund, and another is on ; 
 the foundation of Erasmus Smith. 
 Population of town in 1831, 641. 
 
 STRATFORD-UPON-SLANEY, a 
 village in the parish of Rathbran, 
 county of Wicklow, on the Slaney 
 river, four miles from Baltinglass, 
 and two miles from Donard. It was 
 built by the Earl of Aldborough about 
 1790, for the encouragement of the 
 woollen manufacture, but the success 
 has not equalled the liberality of the 
 enterprise. The town was intended 
 to consist of four squares and twelve 
 streets, with a large reservoir in the 
 centre, which latter now supplies the 
 inhabitants with water. The church 
 is eudow r ed by the Earl of Aldborough 
 with L.50 per annum. Only a small , 
 part of the town was built. Here 
 are extensive buildings and tall chim- ; 
 neys connected with calico printing 
 works on the river. 
 
 STREAMSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Ardnorcher, county of West- j 
 meath. 
 
 STREAMSTOWN, a village in the 
 Connemarra district of Galway, three 
 miles from Ballanakill Harbour. 
 
 STREET, a parish and viearage 
 in the Barony of Moygoish, county 
 of Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath, 
 and extending into the Barony of Ar- 
 dagli, county of Longford. The vil- 
 lage of Street is three miles from 
 Rathowen, on the road to Granard, 
 and beyond it is the improved de- 
 mesne of Kindevin. Population in 
 1831, 4233. 
 
 STROKESTOWN, a town in the 
 parish of Bumlin or Strokestown, 
 
sue OF IRELAND. SUC 
 
 county of Roscommon, which is the 
 only place of any note between Long- 
 ford and Ballina. It is little better 
 than a village, ten Irish miles from 
 Longford, near the base of the western 
 slopes of the Slievebawn range, and 
 is surrounded by the extensive de- 
 mesne of Lord Hartland. The town 
 consists of two streets running at 
 right angles. The main street, which 
 is 150 feet wide, terminates at the 
 lower end by the entrance into his 
 Lordship’s park, and at the upper 
 end by the parish church. The 
 j other street is regularly laid out, 
 but Strokestown has its due share 
 of poverty, and miserable hovels, 
 though none of the latter are so 
 wretched as in other towns in Ros- 
 common. The town contains a Ses- 
 sions-House, small Bridewell, and Dis- 
 pensary. The market of Strokes- 
 j town is increasing, and several thou- 
 ! sand barrels of wheat are sold annu- 
 ally. The soil in the neighbourhood 
 is considered peculiarly favourable 
 for the growth of wheat, and the 
 country people bring yarn, linen 
 yarn, tow, woollen stockings, flannels, 
 and a peculiar kind of woollen stuff, 
 which is dyed and dressed in the 
 town. Four annual fairs are held. 
 Lord Hartland is the proprietor of 
 the country for five or six miles 
 round the town; aud the demesne 
 contains within the boundary walls 
 1133 English acres, exclusive of a 
 deer park of 323 acres. Population 
 in 1831, 1547. 
 
 STRUEL WELLS, or St Patrick’s 
 Wells, are at the base of Slieve-na- 
 girdle, near the town of Downpa- 
 trick, and are a great resort in Mid- 
 summer of persons from various 
 parts to do penance. 
 
 STRULE, a stream which enters 
 the Foyle river, in its course to 
 Lough Foyle. 
 
 SUBULTER, a parish, rectory and 
 corps of a prebend, in the Barony of 
 Duhallow, county of Cork, and Dio- 
 cese of Cloyne. Post-town, Mallow. 
 
 SUCK, a river which has various 
 sources, some of them in the moun- 
 751 
 
 tains beyond the verge of Roscom- 
 mon county, on the Mayo and Sligo 
 boundaries, and others in the high 
 grounds north, north-west, and north- 
 east of Castlerea, within Roscommon. 
 The course of the Suck to its junc- 
 tion with the Shannon at Shannon- 
 Bridge is upwards of 60 miles, en- 
 tirely within Roscommon, or on its 
 boundary. The navigation of this 
 river commences at Ballinasloe, for 
 light flat-bottomed boats, and small 
 row-boats can proceed higher towards 
 Bally foran-Bridge. A canal is cut 
 
 parallel to the river on the Galway 
 side from Ballinasloe to the Shannon. 
 This canal cost LAO, 000, and it is said 
 that the Suck could have been made 
 navigable to Ballinasloe for half that 
 sum. The river at its junction with 
 the Shannon is little inferior in appear- 
 ance, and is a very considerable stream, 
 traversing bogs of more than a mile 
 in breadth. The Suck is a slow and 
 sluggish river, expauding in several 
 places, particularly in those broad 
 valleys which are boggy and marshy, 
 but it forms no lakes like the Shan- 
 non. Mr Weld alleges that the most 
 interesting parts of the river are 
 about Mount Talbot, Rookwood, 
 Castlestrauge, and Curraghmore, at 
 which the banks, occasionally high, 
 are diversified by considerable reaches 
 and bends, and ornamented by plan- 
 tations. The scenery above Ballin- 
 asloe-Bridge, where the river is seen 
 gliding among tufted islands, is also 
 very picturesque ; but near Donamon 
 Castle, though the valley is broad, it 
 is so overspread with marsh and bog 
 that the stream is nearly lost to view 
 from the Roscommon side, and only 
 distinguishable where it expands into 
 pools. The Suck, in almost every ' 
 part of its course, forms numerous ' 
 windings ; on its banks are several ; 
 extensive flour-mills, such as those 
 of Ballinasloe, Ballyforan, Athleague ; j 
 and Castlecoote, the supply of water ! 
 being abundant; and the principal 
 bridges over it are those of Ballin- 
 asloe, Ballygill, Ballyforan, Mount Tal- 
 bot, Rookwood, Athleague, Castle- ; 
 
SUL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 SWA 
 
 strany, Castlecoote, Donamon, Bally- i 
 moe, Willsbrook, and Castlerea. Se- 
 veral of the smaller ones are above the 
 last mentioned place. The Suck con- 
 veys to the Shannon all the waters of 
 the south-western part of the county 
 of Roscommon, but the longest stream, 
 which may be considered the Suck 
 proper, descends west of Castlerea. 
 The river, however, is comparatively 
 inconsiderable till it receives the Bal- 
 lyheague at Ballymoe, and is fur- 
 ther augmented by the Shevin, below 
 Mount Talbot. Immense quantities 
 of eels are taken in the Suck, which 
 are peculiarly fine, and sent to the 
 Dublin markets. 
 
 SUGAR-LOAF MOUNTAIN, or 
 the Long Hill, in the county of 
 Wicklow, has an elevation of 1651 feet. 
 It is in the quarter of the Glen of the 
 Downs, Bellevue, and Delgany, on 
 the route from Dublin by Ennis- 
 kerry and Roundwood to Glenda- 
 lough. The form of the Sugar-Loaf 
 Mountain is that of a perpendicular 
 cone, the vertex consisting of horn- 
 stone, with quartz rock of a purplish 
 I or pale pink colour. The apex of 
 the cone is extremely pointed, and 
 the mountain itself is altogether insu- 
 lated. The Little Sugar-Loaf, Bray 
 Head, and Shankhill, are all detached 
 masses of quartz. 
 
 SUIR, a river which ranks second 
 I to the Shannon, and in a commercial 
 ; view is one of the most valuable in 
 I Ireland. It rises in the county of 
 | Tipperary, near the source of the 
 ! Nore, in the neighbourhood of Ros- 
 crea in the Slievenamuck Mountains, 
 
 ! and after flowing in a southern direc- 
 tion by Templemore, Thurles, and 
 ' Cahir, it takes a western course by 
 ! Clonmell. Passing through Carrick- 
 j on-Suir it enters the county of Water- 
 ford, and falls into the Atlantic at 
 Waterford Harbour. 
 
 SULL ANE, a stream in the county 
 of Cork, which joins the Lee at the 
 old town of Macroom. It is almost 
 the rival of the Lee, but has a much 
 shorter course. The Lany, which 
 rises in the mountains to the north- 
 752 
 
 | east of Macroom, joins the Sullane 
 at a bridge still called Newbridge , 
 though an erection of the early part 
 of the 18th century. The low mea- 
 dow ground between Sullane and 
 the Lany is memorable as one of I 
 the battle fields of Brien Boromhe ; ' 
 and the graves of some of the war- 
 riors are indicated by three obelis- 
 cal stones, one about five feet high, 
 and the other two nearly three feet 
 high. This battle was fought in con- 
 sequence of a challenge from Brien, i 
 then King of Munster, to revenge the 
 murder of his brother Mahon by j 
 O’Donovan of Carbery. The latter 1 
 solicited the aid of his ally O’Mahony, 
 and with their united forces, strength- 
 ened by 1500 Danish auxiliaries, they 
 encountered Brien and his Munster 
 army, but were completely defeated 
 with great slaughter, after a fierce 
 and sanguinary conflict. 
 
 SUMMERHILL, a small town in the 
 parish of Laracor, county of Meath, 
 about ten Irish miles from Dun- 
 boyne, and nine miles from Ballivor. 
 It is a neat well-built place, but in a 
 state of decay, though in the centre of 
 the richest tract in the county. The 
 demesne of Lord Langford adjoins 
 the town. This was long considered 
 a fine country residence, before the 
 prostration of the stately trees, and 
 even in its present dilapidated state, 
 the mansion, an edifice of Grecian ar- 
 chitecture, is imposing. Adjacent is 
 the demesne of Dangan, in which was 
 the once splendid seat of the Noble 
 Family of Wellesley. 
 
 SUMMER’S COVE, a village in 
 the parish of Riucoran, county of 
 Cork, neiir Kinsale. 
 
 SURGOWNA, a locality in the 
 county of Armagh, at which fairs are 
 held on the 12th of January and 14th 
 of May. 
 
 SWANLINBAR, a small town in 
 the parish of Kinawley, county of 
 Cavan, on the boundary with Fer- 
 managh, about 14 Irish miles from 
 Killeshandra, and nine miles from En- 
 niskillen. It is situated between the 
 Slieve-Russell and Cratty Mountains 
 
SWI OF IRELAND. SWO 
 
 and was long a favourite resort on ac- 
 count of its chalybeate spa. The well 
 is within an ornamented inclosure, 
 laid out with gravel walks and shrub- 
 beries. In the town are a parish 
 church, Roman Catholic chapel, and 
 Methodist meeting-house. Fairs are 
 held at Swanlinbar on the 2d of Fe- 
 bruary, 30th of March, 18th of May, 
 29th of June, 27th of July, 18th of 
 August, 14th of September, 13th of 
 October, 27th of November, and 21st 
 of December. 
 
 SWANTONSTOWN, a village in 
 the parish of East Skull, county of 
 Cork, near akibbereen. 
 
 SWATTERAGH, a village in the 
 parish of Maghera, county of Lon- 
 donderry, on the Clody river. Fairs 
 are held here on the first Thursday of 
 January, February, April, August, Oc- 
 tober, and November ; also on the 3d 
 of March, 17th of May and July, and 
 3d of December. The village is four 
 miles from the town of Maghera, 
 near the Hill of Swatteragh, along the 
 eastern slopes of which the road to 
 Garvagh is carried. 
 
 8WILLAN (LOUGH), a pictur- 
 esque lake in the county of Cavan, in 
 the vicinity of the village of Slier - 
 cock. 
 
 S WILLY (LOUGH), a deep and 
 capacious inlet in the county of Do- 
 negal, which receives the S willy at 
 the tide-water of the estuary a short 
 distance below Letterkenny. The 
 Swilly traverses the romantic glen 
 above that town, and is crossed by the 
 Port Bridge at the point where the 
 navigation ceases. Numerous seats 
 adorn the northern banks of Lough 
 Swilly, and groups of mountains cover 
 the northerly parts of Donegal, from 
 Bloody Foreland to Ennishowen Head. 
 The inlet extends upwards of 20 miles, 
 and forms a spacious and secure har- 
 bour, having an average breadth of a 
 mile and a half, and the inner basin 
 completely land-locked; but the vi- 
 cinity of Lough Foyle, which floats 
 the largest vessels to Londonderry 
 Bridge, renders Lough Swilly of com-h 
 paratively little importance. About* 
 753 
 
 the centre of the inlet is Inch Island, 
 and on the western shore, opposite 
 Buncrana, are the towns of Ramelton 
 and Ramullen. The Swilly brings 
 down a good body of water during 
 its course of 17 miles. In 1841 an 
 English Company reclaimed from the 
 sea, embanked, and completely drain- 
 ed, 2000 acres in Lough Swilly. 
 
 SWINEFORD, a small and poor 
 town in the parish of Kilconduff, coun- 1 
 ty of Mayo, five Irish miles from Bal- 
 laghy, and nine miles from Foxford. 
 
 It has a parish church, in which is an 
 elegant monument to one of the Braba- 
 zon family ; a spacious Roman Catho- . 
 lie chapel ; a Market-House or Linen- 
 Hall, in the second story of which is 
 an Assembly Room ; and a good Inn. 
 This town was a miserable village 
 till 1815, when building-leases were 
 granted by the proprietor, Sir Wil- 
 liam Brabazou, Bart. The corn- 
 market of Swinefordis brisk ; several 
 fairs are held, and a communication ! 
 is opened with Killala. Adjoining is 1 
 the demesne of Brabazon Park. 
 
 SWORDS, a parish, rectory and vi- j 
 carage, in the Barony of Coolock, : 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin. 
 The town of Swords, seven Irish j 
 miles from Dublin by Sautry on the 
 road to Drogheda, is of great anti- 
 quity, having been a place of some 
 importance in the tenth century, and , 
 most appropriately named Swords , as 
 it was the scene of many a feudal bat- j 
 tie. The town is on the small stream | 
 called Swords, which enters Mala- 
 hide Bay about half a mile eastward. 
 The street extends a m : le along the 
 road, and consists chiefly of small 
 houses. Here are an elegant parish 
 church, a Roman Catholic chapel, an 
 Infantry Barrack, and an endowed 
 school. A monastery is said to have 
 been founded at Swords, about A.D. 
 512, by St Columb, who gave it a 
 missal written by himself, blessed the 
 well, and placed over the establish- 
 ment St Finian the Leper. At the 
 extremity of the street are the ruins, 
 still very extensive, of the ancient ; 
 Palace of the Archbishops of Dublin. 
 
TAG 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TAG 
 
 The square belfry of the old church 
 is attached to the modern Gothic 
 edifice, and in the vicinity is the round 
 tower of Swords, a very rude struc- 
 ture of great antiquity, 73 feet high, 
 and having a conical stone capping. 
 The present entrance, level with the 
 ground, is of modern construction, and 
 the original doorway is 20 feet from 
 the ground, and four feet high. The 
 first Irish army of the Roman Catholic 
 Confederates assembled at Swords in 
 November 1641, preparatory to the 
 Civil War; and here, on the 10th of; 
 January following, they were defeated 
 and put to the rout by Sir Charles 
 Coote. The rebels were driven from 
 their fortifications, and lost 200 men, 
 while the victors had few killed. Sir 
 Lorenzo Carey, second son of Lord 
 Falkland, fell in this engagement. 
 Between Swords and Baldoyle, five 
 miles from Dublin, is the hamlet of 
 St Doulagh’s, at which is one of the 
 most remarkable ancient little stone- 
 
 roofed churches in Ireland. The en- 
 tire construction is rude and capaci- 
 ous, and is divided into a nave and 
 choir, which communicate by a nar- 
 row square-headed doorway. Several 
 of the arches are nondescript in 
 shape, and it is perhaps the only edi- 
 fice in the British Empire which ex- 
 hibits the square-headed doorway, the 
 Saxon arch, and trefoil Gothic and 
 lancet window. Near this church is 
 a consecrated well inclosed in an oc- 
 tagon building, the interior of which 
 retains some paintings in fresco of 
 the seventeenth century. Population 
 of Swords in 1831, 2337. 
 
 SYDDAN, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the Barony of Lower Slane, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. The 
 village church and glebe of Syddan 
 are about eight miles from Slane, 
 and beyond are the residences of Ju- 
 lianstown and Rockfield. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1212. Post-town, Nob- 
 ber. 
 
 TACUMSHANE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Forth, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, including the Chapelry of 
 Churchtown. This parish lies be- 
 tween the two land-locked gulfs of 
 Lough Tacumshane and the Lady’s 
 Island Lake, into which flow several 
 streams dry in summer. All kinds 
 of fish, especially herrings, and lob- 
 sters and oysters, are taken on the 
 coast. The inhabitants are noted for 
 their attachment to the locality of 
 their nativity. Here is a Coast Guard 
 Station. Population in 1831, 907. 
 Post-town, Broadway. 
 
 TAGGART, an inhabited island on 
 Lough Strangford. 
 
 TAGGART, an island off the coast 
 of Mayo, in Clew Bay. 
 
 TAGHADOE, also written Teagh- 
 do and Taptoo, a parish and vicarage 
 754 
 
 in the Barony of South Salt, county 
 of Kildare, and Archdiocese of Dub- 
 lin. The parish church is a modern 
 edifice, and here is one of the ancient 
 pillar towers, said to be one of the 
 finest in Ireland, occupying a beauti- 
 ful situation. Population in 1831, 
 467. Post-town, Maynooth. 
 
 TAGHBOY, or Taughboy, a pa- 
 rish and vicarage in the Barony of 
 Athlone, county of Roscommon, and 
 Diocese of Elphin, and extending into 
 the Barony of Killian, county of Gal- 
 way, on the Suck. In this parish is 
 the village of Jamestown. Population 
 in 1831, 3306. Post-town, Roscom- 
 mon. 
 
 TAGHKEEN, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the Barony of Kilmaine, county 
 of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam,on the 
 Robe river. Population in 1831, 2562. 
 Post-town, Holly mount. 
 
! TAL OF IRELAND. TAL 
 
 I TAGHMACONNEL, a parish and 
 
 | vicarage in the Barony of Athlone, 
 
 1 county of Roscommon, Dioceses of. 
 Clonfert and Kilmacduagh, on the 
 Suck river. The largest village is 
 Carrarea. Population in 1831, 4418. 
 
 ! Post-town, Ballinasloe. 
 
 TAGHMON, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Corkaree, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath. 
 Population in 1831, 922. Post-town, 
 Mullingar. 
 
 TAGHMON, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Shelmalier, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns, 
 forming part of the corps of a pre- 
 bend in the Cathedral of Ferns. The 
 small town of Taghmon, formerly a 
 borough which returned two mem- 
 bers to the Irish Parliament, is near 
 a tributary rivulet of the Slaney, 
 eleven Irish miles from Enniscorthy, 
 and nine miles from Bannow, on the 
 cross mail coach line from Wexford 
 to Waterford by Ross. The sur- 
 rounding district has an agreeable as- 
 pect, and is in comparatively good cul- 
 tivation. In the neighbourhood are 
 the residences of Tottenham Green 
 and Horestown. Population in 1831, 
 1109. 
 
 TAGHSHINNOD, also Teighshin- 
 nod, a parish, rectory and vicarage, in 
 the Barony of Moydoe, county of 
 Longford, and Diocese of Ardagh. 
 Population in 1831, 2553. Post-town, 
 
 I Colehill. 
 
 TAGHS HINNY, or Tashiny, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Abbeyshruel, county of 
 Longford, and Diocese of Ardagh, 
 on the Inny. At the village of Tagh- 
 shinny, which is about a mile from 
 Colehill, fairs are held in March, May, 
 July, and September. Population in 
 j 1831,2475. 
 
 TAGHSRARA. See Tessakagh. 
 
 TAGOAT, a village in the parish 
 of Rosslare, county of Wexford, with- 
 in two miles of Broadway, containing 
 a Roman Catholic chapel, several 
 1 schools, and a station of the Consta- 
 bulary Force. 
 
 TALBOTSTOWN, a Barony of 
 755 
 
 the county of Wicklow, divided into 
 Upper and Lower, one half of which 
 is encumbered with mountains, and 
 comprising 22 parishes. 
 
 TALBOTSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Kilranelagh, county cf Wick- 
 low, four miles from Baltinglass. 
 
 TALLAGHT, a parish, rectory 
 and curacy, in the Barony of Upper- 
 cross, county and Archdiocese of ! 
 Dublin. The rectory forms part of 
 the corps of the Deanery of St Pa- ; 
 trick’s Cathedral. The village is five 
 Irish miles from Dublin, on the road 
 to Blessington, and reached either by 
 Rathmines and Roundtown, or by 
 Dolphin’s Burn and Crumlin. Tal- 
 laght was formerly the country re- j 
 sidence of the Archbishops of Dublin. ! 
 Fairs are held in March, July, Sep- ; 
 tember, and November. In the vi- 
 cinity are numerous elegant mansions j 
 and villas. 
 
 TALLANSTOWN, a parish and j 
 vicarage in the Barony of Ardee, 
 county of Louth, and Archdiocese of 
 Armagh. The village of Tallans- 
 town is three and a half Irish miles 
 from Ardee, on the Castle-Blayney 
 road, adjoining Louth-Hall, and a ; 
 mile west from it are the residence of 
 Thomastown and the hamlet of Mills ( 
 of Louth. A mile north is the vil- 
 lage of Mullacrew, in the vicinity of 
 which is the now insignificant village 
 of Louth. Population in 1831, 1074. j 
 
 TALLOW, a parish and entire rec- ! 
 torv in the Barony of Coshbride, j 
 county of Waterford, and Diocese of 
 Lismore. The small town of Tal- 
 low, 116 Irish miles from Dublin, and 
 upwards of three miles from Lismore, 
 is situated in a fine valley on the 
 Bride, about five miles above its con- 
 fluence with the Blackwater, and has 
 a neat modern parish church and 
 several good houses ; but the Market- 
 House, Sessions-House, and other 
 edifices, are plain, and the town has 
 no particular object of interest. 
 Here is a County Fever Hospital. Tal- 
 low was formerly a borough, and re- 
 turned two members to the Irish Par- 
 liament. The great Earl of Cork 
 
TAM 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TAN 
 
 procured a charter of incorporation 
 from James I., extending the Liber- 
 ties one mile in every direction round 
 the parish church. In 1641 his Lord- 
 ship threw up intrenchments, and 
 erected regular gates, to protect the 
 town from the insurgents. Tallow is 
 a military station, but though the 
 Bride is navigable for barges near the 
 town, it has no trade except in flour 
 and corn, the great part of the agri- 
 cultural produce of the neighbour- 
 hood being sent by water to Youg- 
 hal. The ruins of a castle, which be- 
 longed to the Earls of Desmond, are 
 still to be seen. Connected with 
 the Roman Catholic chapel is a large 
 free school. The village of Tallow 
 Bridge is a mile distant on the Bride 
 In the vicinity of the town are the 
 residences of Janeville, Moore Hill, 
 Sapperton, Castleview, Lisnabrin, and 
 the ruins of Lisfinny Castle. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2998. 
 
 TALT (LOUGH), a small and love- 
 ly lake, on the shores of which a e 
 jome villas and plantations, in the 
 county of Sligo, on the road from 
 Boyle by Tubbercurry to Dromore- 
 West. 
 
 TAMLAGHT, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony ofLoughinsholin, coun- 
 ty of Londonderry, and Archdiocese 
 of Armagh, and in the Barony of 
 Dungannon, county of Tyrone, on 
 the Ballinderry river. The linen 
 manufacture is extensively carried on 
 in this parish ; there is a Presbyte- 
 rian meeting-house, and some schools 
 which are supported by private sub- 
 scription ; and Druidical cromlechs, 
 rocking-stones, and altars abound. Po- 
 pulation in 1831,2854. Post-town, 
 Moneymore. 
 
 TAMLAGHT FINL AG AN, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Kennaught, county of Lon- 
 donderry, and Diocese of Derry, on 
 the south side of Lough Foyle. It 
 derives its name from St Finlagan, 
 for whom St Columb founded a mo- 
 nastery here. Population in 1831, 
 7356. Post-town, Newtown - Lima- 
 vady. 
 
 756 
 
 TAMLAGHTARD. See Macgil- 
 
 LIGAN. 
 
 TAMLAGHTOCRILLY, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Lough- 
 insholin, county of Londonderry, and 
 Diocese of Derry, on the west side 
 of the river Lower Bann. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 10,070. Post-town, Port- 
 glenone. 
 
 TANDERAGEE, anciently Tawn- 
 atclee, a market-town in the parish 
 of Ballymore, on the eastern confines 
 of the county of Armagh, about five 
 miles from Loughbrickland, and 63 
 Irish miles from Dublin. It is wa- 
 tered by the Cusher, a tributary of 
 the Bann. James I. granted the 
 castle and estate, forfeited by the 
 O’ Hanlons, to Sir Oliver St John, and 
 the site of the castle is now occupied 
 by the large modern baronial resi- 
 dence erected by Lord Viscount Man- 
 deville, eldest son of the Duke of 
 Manchester, whose fine demesne sur- 
 rounds the town. Tanderagee con- 
 tains a neat parish church, num- 
 bers of well-built houses, several 
 charitable institutions supported by- 
 Lord Mandeville, such as the Female 
 Orphan Society, a Loan and Clothing 
 Fund, Dispensaries, a Monte de Piete 
 on the plan of Mr Barrington of 
 Limerick, and several schools. The 
 linen manufacture is extensively car- 
 ried on in and around the town; in 
 the fertile and well-cultivated neigh- 
 bourhood are flour, meal, and flax 
 mills ; large quantities of flax and of 
 agricultural produce are sold at the 
 weekly markets ; and fairs are held on 
 the first Wednesday of every month. 
 Near the town are the residences of 
 Cooley Hill, Orange Hill, and others. 
 The town is eleven Irish miles from 
 Newry, by the villages of Poyntzpass 
 and Acton, along the Newry Canal. 
 Population in 1831, 1559. 
 
 TANKARDSTOWN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Coshma, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick, in the vicinity of Kilmallock. 
 Population in 1831, 523. 
 
 TANKARDSTOWN, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 
TAR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 TAR 
 
 Biillyadams, Queen’s County, and in 
 the united Baronies of Kilkea and 
 Moone, county of Kildare, and Arch- 
 diocese of Dublin. Population in 
 1831, 1918. Post-town, Athy. 
 
 TAR, a stream which falls into the 
 Suir, a short distance below Ard- 
 finan, in the vicinity of Tipperary, af- 
 ter traversing a fertile and pictur- 
 esque tract. 
 
 TARA, or Taragh, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Skreene, 
 county and Diocese of Meath. 
 The village of Tara is seven miles 
 from Dunshaughlin, on the road to 
 Navan, and the road is carried be- 
 tween the far-famed Hill of Tara and 
 that of Skreene, both fertile, on the 
 former of which is the modern parish 
 church, near the ruins of the old one, 
 and on the summit of the latter some 
 religious ruins and a straggling ham- 
 let. Tara Hill is celebrated in Irish 
 song, and especially in one of Moore’s 
 finest lyrics, as the seat of the Irish 
 monarchs, and here are considerable 
 earth works. Two splendid torques, 
 or collars of pure gold, were dug up in 
 1813. The ancient name was Teagh- 
 mor, or Teagh- morreagh , the Palace 
 of the Great King , but no traces of 
 any edifice are now discoverable, and 
 though this Hill has afforded themes 
 for poetical enthusiastic fancy, it has 
 not equal attractions to the painter, 
 as it is low, round, of uniform ver- 
 dure, and unbroken. The remains 
 of the circular intrenchments are 
 those common to Danish forts. A 
 local writer alleges that there is 
 nothing connected with the Hill 
 which iC can justify the idle reve- 
 ries about Tara’s Castles and Ta- 
 ra’s Halls,” but that the want of 
 these is compensated by the view of 
 the surrounding plain, which, if pro- 
 perly cultivated, would resemble a 
 vast garden. It is stated, though not 
 generally credited even by Irish his- 
 torians, that a triennial convocation 
 < f provincial kings, druids, and bards, 
 was held on Tara Hill, up to the end 
 of the sixth century, for the settle- 
 ment of public affairs, and the election 
 757 
 
 of a supreme ruler, and that the in- 
 auguration stone was conveyed to Scot- 
 land, where it was used for a similar 
 purpose, and in the early history of 
 which it figures as the fabled Pillow 
 of the Patriarch Jacoby till, after a 
 variety of adventures, it was carried to 
 Westminster Abbey, where it is now 
 in the coronation chair. The frag- 
 ment of an Irish MS. is preserved in 
 Trinity College, Dublin, which con- 
 tains a description of the Banqueting 
 Hall of Tara, and whether true or 
 imaginary is curious. According to 
 this authority Tara was the seat of 
 Con of the Hundred Battles, of Art, 
 Cairbre Liffeachar, Cathor Mor, and 
 of every King who reigned before 
 Noall. “ In the reign of Cormac the 
 Palace was 960 feet square ; it contain- 
 ed 150 apartments, 150 dormitories, 
 or sleeping rooms for the guards, 
 with 60 men in each ; the height was 
 27 cubits; there were 160 common 
 drinking horns, 12 porches, 12 doors, 
 and 1 000 guests daily, besides princes, 
 orators, and men of science, engrav- 
 ers of gold and silver, carvers, mo- 
 dellers, and nobles.” The other 
 statements about the enormous quan- 
 tities of provisions consumed are 
 equally veracious. In A. D. 980, the 
 Danes sustained a signal defeat at 
 Tara ; Roderick, the last native King, 
 collected his forces here before he 
 attacked the English in Dublin ; and 
 here, in 1589, O’Niell assembled his 
 followers after laying waste the sur- 
 rounding country. In 1798 a skir- 
 mish took place between the Rebels 
 and the Reay Fencibles at Tara Hill, 
 in which the former were completely 
 defeated, with the loss of 400 men 
 killed and wounded, 300 horses, and 
 all their provisions, arms, ammuni- 
 tion, and baggage. The Reay Fenci- 
 bles had 20 men killed and wounded, 
 and the Upper Kells Infantry one man 
 killed and five wounded. 
 
 TARA BAY, a Bay on the coast of 
 the county of Down, south from 
 Newcastle, and three miles from 
 Portaferry, much frequented by fish- 
 ing vessels. It is capable of great im- 
 3 s 
 
TAR 
 
 TAW 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 provement, and could be rendered an 
 excellent tide harbour, at about 
 L.4Q00, the estimated expense of a 
 breakwater pier. The village of Ta- 
 ra, or Taragb, is in the parish of Bal- 
 lyphilip, on the shore near the en- 
 trance of Strangford Lough. 
 
 TARBERT, an inhabited island off 
 the coast of Galway, on the north side 
 of the entrance into Ardbear Har- 
 bour. 
 
 TARBERT, a small town in the 
 parish of Kilnaghtin, county of Kerry, 
 29 Irish miles from Limerick, and three 
 miles from Glin, on the Shannon. 
 The town is beautifully situated at 
 the head of Tarbert Bay formed by 
 Tarbert Point, opposite Clonderlaw 
 Bay, and ought to command consi- 
 derable trade. Tarbert Bay affords 
 the best anchorage on this side of the 
 capacious estuary, and the steamers 
 from Limerick to Kilrush call regu- 
 larly at the town. About a mile dis- 
 tant, on a bold headland, is Tarbert 
 House, the seat of the proprietor of 
 the town; and nearer are the villas 
 of Pyrmount and Leslie Lodge. Op- 
 posite the demesne of Tarbert is Tar. 
 bert Island, a revenue police station, 
 on which is a small battery. The 
 distance from Limerick to Tarbert is 
 27£ Irish miles, and usually occupies 
 four hours. The steamers convey 
 tourists to and from the Lakes of 
 Killarney. 
 
 T ARMON, a stream in the county 
 of Donegal, which passes, the small 
 town of Pettigoe, conveying the nu- 
 merous rivulets from the high 
 grounds on the north to Lough 
 Erne. 
 
 TARMON, a fishing station in the 
 parish of Kilmore, county of Mayo, 
 at the entrance of Blacksod Bay, on 
 the peninsula of the Mullet. The 
 pier was constructed by the Fishery 
 Board. 
 
 TARMONBARRY, a parish, entire 
 rectory and corps of a Prebend, in the 
 Barony of Ballintobber, county of 
 Roscommon, and Diocese of Elphin. 
 The village of Tarmonbarry is on the 
 western side of the Shannon, im. 
 
 758 
 
 mediately opposite the termination of 
 the locks of the Royal Canal at 
 Richmond Harbour, by which con- 
 veyance it is distant from Dublin 7 1 
 miles. The locks caused the con- 
 struction of a boat harbour. The 
 village of Castletown, on the Long- 
 ford side, is also opposite Tarmon- 
 barry, and both are a miscellaneous 
 assemblage of poor huts, cabins, and 
 houses, but the extensive basins, 
 docks, and warehouses, are on the 
 Longford side. The Shannon here di- 
 vides into two arras, over each of 
 which is a bridge connected by a 
 causeway with the intervening island. 
 The parish of Tarmonbarry extends 
 north along the river, to the Lough 
 Boffin and Lough Boderig expansions. 
 The church and Roman Catholic cha- 
 pel are in Ruskey village. See Shan- 
 non. 
 
 TARTARAGHAN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of O’Neilland 
 West, county and Archdiocese of Ar- 
 magh. Population in 1831, 6321. 
 Post-town, Portadown. 
 
 TASCOFFIN, a parish, rectory and 
 corps of a Prebend, in the Barony of 
 Gowran, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory. Population in 
 1831, 1283. Post-town, Gowran. 
 
 TATTYMOLE, a mountain in the 
 county of Fermanagh, 1030 feet high, 
 in the direction of Clogher. 
 
 TAUGHBOYNE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Ra- 
 phoe, county of Donegal, and Diocese 
 of Raphoe. Population in 1831, 6235. 
 See St Johnstown. 
 
 TAUNAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, the former constituting part 
 of a Prebend, in the Barony of Tiragh- 
 ril, county of Sligo, and Diocese of 
 Elphin, on the banks of the Arrow. 
 Population in 1831, 1568. Post-town, 
 Ballymote. 
 
 TAYNA, an island in the Bay of 
 Galway, belonging to the parish of 
 Ballinacourty. 
 
 TAWNEY, a small harbour fif- 
 teen Irish miles from Killybegs, on the 
 coast of the Atlantic, county of Done- 
 gal. 
 
TEI> 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 TEM 
 
 TAWNEY, a parish and rectory, 
 constituting part of the corps of the 
 Archdeaconry of Dublin, in the Half- 
 Barony of Rathdown, county and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. This paro- 
 chial district, only four miles from 
 Dublin, at the base of the Dublin 
 Mountains, is in great repute for its 
 salubrious climate. The new parish 
 church is situated on an eminence 
 commanding a fine prospect of Dub- 
 lin Bay, and is a landmark to mari- 
 ners. The old church is near the vil- ! 
 lage of Dundrum, at a place called 
 Churchtown. Population in 1831, 
 4020. 
 
 TAXAX, also TAXAXONand Teigh- 
 sasson, a parish and entire rectory in 
 the Liberties of Kinsale, county and 
 Diocese of Cork. Population in 1831, 
 535. 
 
 TAY (LOUGH), a picturesque lake 
 in the county of Wicklow, three 
 miles from Roundwood, the area 
 about 70 Irish acres. It lies in a hol- 
 low among mountains, and discharges 
 itself through a circuitous valley to 
 Lough Dan. The mountains are al- 
 most perpendicular from the still deep 
 water, and the scenery is diversified 
 by the cottage of Luggelaw, with a 
 beautiful lawn in front, and back- 
 ground of wood, on the northern 
 shore. 
 
 TAY, a stream in the county of 
 Waterford. 
 
 TECKMACRAVEN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the lower Half-Barony 
 of Glenarm, county of Antrim, and 
 Diocese of Connor, on the coast. 
 Post-town, Glenarm. 
 
 TECOLME, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Ballyadams, 
 Queen’s County, and Diocese of Leigh- 
 lin. Population in 1831, 228. Post- 
 town, Stradbally. 
 
 TEDANO (LOUGH), a lake in 
 the county of Clare, near Curofin, 
 which connects with Lough Inchi- 
 quin, and a chain of smaller lakes 
 extending towards Kilmacduagh. 
 
 TEDONAGII, an extensive parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 and county of Monaghan, and Diocese 
 759 
 
 of Clogher. Population in 1831, 
 .11,352. Post-town, Monaghan. 
 
 TEELIN, a small harbour on the 
 coast of Donegal, near that of Taw- 
 ney, fifteen miles from Killybegs. 
 
 TEHALLON, or Tyh allan, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 1 
 Baronies of Cremorne and Monaghan, j 
 county of Monaghan, and Diocese of 
 Clogher. Population in 1831, 4846. 
 Post-town, Monaghan. 
 
 TEINAGH, or Tynagh, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, with a village of 
 its name, in the Baronies of Leitrim 
 and Longford, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Clonfert. Population in 
 1831, 5670. Post-town, Portumna. 
 
 TEMPLEADIGAN, also Temple- 
 hadigan, a parish and perpetual cu- 
 racy in the Barony of Bantry, county 
 of Wexford, and Diocese of Ferns. 
 Post-town, Ross. 
 
 TEMPLEBEG, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Kilnemanagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, five miles from Borris-o-leigh. 
 Population in 1831, 1064. 
 
 TEMPLEBELAH, a parish in the 
 Barony of ‘'Kinnataloon, or of Con- 
 dons and Clongibbons, county of 
 Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, on the 
 Blackwater. Post-town, Lismore. 
 
 TEMPLEBODANE, or Dron- !' 
 moyne, a parish and vicarage in the j 
 Barony of Barrymore, county of Cork, i 
 and Diocese of Cloyne. Population i 
 in 1831, 1337. Post-town, Rathcor- ! 
 mack. 
 
 TEMPLEBOY, a parish and vicar- ; 
 age in the Barony of Tyreragh, coun- 
 ty of Sligo, and Diocese of Killala, on I 
 the sea-coast. Population in 1831, 
 3787. Post-town, Dromore-West. j 
 
 TEMPLEBREDIN, a parish and j 
 vicarage in the Barony of Coonagh, | 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 1 
 Emly, and extending into the Barony i 
 of Clanwilliam, county of Tipperary. 
 Population in 1831, 1353. Post-town, ! 
 Pallas-Green. 
 
 TEMPLEBREEDA, also St Mat- 
 thew’s and Temple-Bridget, a pa- 
 rish, rectory and vicarage, in the Ba- 
 rony of Kerricurrihy, county and 
 
TEM 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TEM 
 
 Diocese of Cork, constituting, with 
 the rectories of Cullen and Temple- 
 martin, the corps of the Deanery, on 
 the western side of the sea-entrance 
 of Cork Harbour. This is a very in- 
 teresting district. The white-washed 
 spire of the parish church is a pro- 
 minent object above Cork Head, 
 where the channel of entrance into 
 Cork Harbour is narrow, and defend- 
 ed by Forts Camden and Carlisle, the 
 former on the Templebreeda side. 
 Population in 1831, 1789. Post-town, 
 Passage. 
 
 TEMPLEBRIAN, a parish, and 
 part of the corps of a Prebend in the 
 east division of the Barony of East 
 Carbery, county of Cork, and Dio- 
 cese of Ross. In this parish are three 
 upright pillar stones, a Druidical cir- 
 cle, and a cromlech. Population in 
 1831, 496. Post-town, Cloghnakilty. 
 
 TEMPLECARNAN, also Temple- 
 carne and Templekeeran, a paro- 
 chial chapelry in the Barony of 
 Skreene, county and Diocese of 
 Meath. Post-town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 TEMPLECARNE, also Temple- 
 coin and Temple-Erin-Magrath, 
 an extensive parish in the Barony of 
 Tyrehugh, county of Donegal, and 
 Diocese of Clogher, and extending 
 into the Barony of Lurg, county of 
 Fermanagh. The glebe of Temple 
 carne is pleasantly situated near 
 Lough Erne, and on the lands are 
 the ruins of a castle said to have been 
 the residence of the first Bishop of 
 Clogher. Population in 1831, 5461. 
 Post-town, Ballyshannon. 
 
 TEMPLECORRAN, or Broad- 
 Island, a parish and vicarage, form- 
 ing part of the corps of a Prebend, in 
 the lower Half Barony of Belfast, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, on Lough Larne. Near Bal- 
 lycarry, about five Irish miles from 
 Carrickfergus, are the ruins of the 
 parish church of Templecorran, of 
 which Dean Swift was once incum- 
 bent. In the burying-ground is a 
 monument to the memory of Edward 
 Brice, minister of Drymen in Stirling- 
 shire, who settled here in 1609, and 
 760 
 
 formed the first Presbyterian congre- 
 gation in Ireland. Population in 
 1831, 1338. Post-town, Carrickfer- 
 gus. 
 
 TEMPLECROAN, also Temple- 
 crone and Templecrohan, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Boylagh, county of Donegal, and 
 Diocese of Raphoe, containing the 
 village of Dunloe, and including 
 eleven inhabited islands. Population 
 in 1831, 8198. Post-town, Rutland. 
 
 TEMPLEDERRY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Upper 
 Ormond, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Killaloe. Population in 
 1831, 1857. Post-town, Nenagh. 
 
 TEMPLEDOWNEY, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Upper Or- 
 mond, county of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Killaloe. Population in 1831, 
 475. Post-town, Nenagh. 
 
 TEMPLE-ERRY, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Ikerrin, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Population in 1831, 1415. 
 Post-town, Templemore. 
 
 TEMPLE HARRY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Clonlisk, King’s County, and Diocese 
 of Killaloe. Population in 1831, 1 156. 
 Post-tow’n, Moneygall. 
 
 TEMPLEHAY, also Templethay, 
 Templethiry, and Temple-etny, a 
 parish, impropriate rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of lffa and Offa, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Lismore. Population in 1831, 1437. 
 Post-town, Clonmel. 
 
 . TEMPLEHOUSE, a village in the 
 parish of Killoran, county of Sligo, in 
 the vicinity of Ballymote, on the 
 Owenbeg river, at which fairs are held 
 in May, July, and November. The 
 beautiful seat and demesne of Temple- 
 house, so called from a settlement of 
 the Knights Templars, are two miles 
 west of the finely-improved demesne 
 of Annaghmore. The ruins of their 
 residence are extensive. In this de- 
 mesne is a large natural lake, the dis- 
 charge of which is the principal sup- 
 ply of the Owenbeg river. 
 
 TEMPLE-ICHALLY, also Tf.m- 
 
TEM 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 TEM 
 
 plekelly and Callathamerry, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 united Baronies of Owney and Arra, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Emly, on the Shannon. Population 
 in 1831, 4724. Post-town, Killaloe. 
 
 TEMPLEMALY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of' Bun- 
 ratty, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. Population in 1831, 1554. 
 Post-town, Ennis. 
 
 TEMPLEMARTIN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Kinalmeaky, 
 county and Diocese of Cork, consti- 
 | tuting a part of the corps of the Dean- 
 ery. Population in 1831, 2370. Post- 
 town, Bandon. 
 
 TEMPLEMARTIN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Gowran, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory. Fairs are held at 
 the village in September and Novem- 
 ber, near Kilkenny. 
 
 TEMPLEMICH AEL, a parish, rec- 
 tory and prebend, in the Barony of 
 Kinnalea, county and Diocese of Cork. 
 Population in 1831, 529. Post-town, 
 Bandon. 
 
 TEMPLEMICH AEL, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Ardagh and Longford, county of Long- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ardagh, in the 
 vicinity of the town of Longford. The 
 beautiful plantations of the glebe 
 house, several villas, and comfortable 
 farm-houses, ornament this parish. In 
 the townland of Lisardowling is a 
 moat popularly called and believed to 
 be the centre of Ireland. Population 
 in 1831, 8319. 
 
 TEMPLEMICHAEL, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Slieveardagh, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Lismore. Post-town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 TEMPLEMICHAEL. a parochial 
 curacy and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Arklow’, county of Wicklow, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. Post-town, 
 Arklow. x 
 
 TEMPLEMICHAEL, or Temple- 
 mihill, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Coshbride, county of Wa- 
 terford, and Diocese of Lismore. The 
 castle of Templemichael, which stood 
 761 
 
 on the rising ground called Rhincrew 
 Hill, belonged to the Knights Tem- 
 plars, and was granted to Sir Walter 
 Raleigh, who assigned it to the E:arl 
 of Cork. Population in 1831, 2573. 
 Post-town, Tullow. 
 
 TEMPLEMORE, a parish partly in 
 the Barony of Ennishowen, county of 
 Donegal, and Diocese of Derry, and 
 partly within the Liberties of the city 
 of Londonderry, constituting part of 
 the corps of the Deanery of Derry Ca- 
 thedral. It has four parish churches, 
 two chapels-of-ease, a school on Eras- 
 mus Smith’s foundation, a Diocesan 
 School, several others, and some vil- 
 lages. See Londonderry. 
 
 TEMPLEMORE, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Eliogarty, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. The neat small town of Tem- 
 plemore is nine Irish miles from 
 Rathdowney, and the same distance 
 from Thurles. It contains an ele- 
 gant parish church, a school on the 
 foundation of Erasmus Smith, and a 
 large Infantry Barrack. The line of 
 railway from Dublin to Kilkenny 
 passes near Templeraore. In the 
 vicinity of the town is Templemore 
 House, or the Priory (Carden, Bart.), 
 an elegant seat, in a fine demesne, and 
 in the neighbourhood are the resi- 
 dences of Granagh, Castle Oyne, Kil- 
 laskeane, Lloydsborough, Ash Park, 
 and numbers of handsome villas. The 
 Devil’s Bit Mountains are within a 
 few miles of the town. Numbers of 
 fairs are held throughout the year. 
 Population in 1831, 5218. 
 
 TEMPLEMOYLE. See Muff. 
 
 TEMPLEMURRAY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Tyrawley, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Kil- 
 lala, on Killala Bay. Population in 
 1831, 1868. Post-town, Killala. 
 
 TEMPLENECARIGY, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Barry- 
 more, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, constituting part of the corps 
 of the Treasurership. Population in 
 1831, 1602. Post-towm, Middleton. 
 
 TEMPLENECRY, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Clan- 
 
TEM THE GAZETTEER TEM 
 
 william, eounty of Tipperary, and Dio- 
 cese of Cashel, constituting part of the 
 corps of the Precentorship . Post- 
 town, Tipperary. 
 
 TEMPLE NEIL AN, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the county of Roscommon, 
 according to Dr Beaufort’s map, but 
 is not named either in the Grand Jury 
 County Map, the County Books, or the 
 Ecclesiastical Register. It forms a 
 part of the Union of Kilbride and Kil- 
 teevan, and is now called Roscommon. 
 
 TEMPLENOE, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Dun- 
 lterrin, county of Kerry, and united 
 Dioceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe, 
 on the Kenmare River, including the 
 three small inhabited islands of Gre- 
 nane, Cappanacoss, and Dunkerrin. 
 Population in 1831, 1089. Post-town, 
 Kenmare. 
 
 | TEMPLENOE, or Lisnavilla, a 
 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Clanwilliam, county of Tip- 
 perary, and Diocese of Cashel. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3882. Post-town, 
 Tipperary. 
 
 TEMPLE-OMALIS, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Barry roe, county of Cork, and Dio- 
 cese of Ross, on Cloghnakilty Bay. 
 Population in 1831, 1352. Post-town, 
 Cloghnakilty. 
 
 TEMPLE ORAN, or For an, a pa- 
 rochial curacy in the Barony of Moy- 
 goish, county of Westmeath, and Dio- 
 i cese of Meath. Post-town, Mullingar. 
 
 TEMPLEORUM, a village in the 
 parish of Fiddown, county of Kil- 
 kenny, within five miles of Carrick- 
 on-Suir. 
 
 TEMPLEOUGHTER, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Glenarm, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor. Post-town, Glenarm. 
 
 TEMPLEOUTRAGH. See Tem- 
 
 PLEBEG. 
 
 TEMPLEPATRICK, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Belfast, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, on the Six-Mile Water. The 
 village of Templepatrick is four Irish 
 miles from Antrim, on the mountain 
 road to Carrickfergus ; and near it is 
 732 
 
 Castle-Upton, the fine seat of Lord 
 Templetown, originally built by Sir 
 Robert Norton, in the reign of Eliza- 
 beth. This village was among the 
 earliest settlements of the Scotish 
 [ Presbyterians in Ireland ; and Josias 
 Welsh, a grandson of the celebrated 
 John Knox, is said to have officiated 
 as minister; but Dr Seaton Reid alleges 
 that he succeeded Robert Blair of 
 Bangor at Oldstone. Fairs are held 
 on the 11th of May, 10th of July, and 
 27th of October. Population in 1831, 
 4217. Post-town, Antrim. 
 
 TEMPLE-PETER, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Forth, county 
 of Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin. 
 Population in 1831, 349. Post-town, 
 Tullow. 
 
 TEMPLEPORT, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Tul- 
 laghagh, county of Cavan, and Dio- 
 cese of Kilmore. In this quarter, 
 near the parish church, is the small 
 lake of Templeport and the moun- 
 tain of Slieve- Russell, or Ligavregra, 
 is a conspicuous object ; the base tra- 
 versed by two roads, which meet at 
 the cross-roads of Florence Court. 
 Population in 1831, 10,758. Post-town, 
 Bally connell. 
 
 TEMPLE QUINLAN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the united Baronies of 
 Ibawne and Barryroe. Population in 
 1831, ,1042. Post-town, Cloghnakilty. 
 
 TEMPLEROAN, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Fermoy, county 
 of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1788. Post-town, 
 Doneraile. 
 
 TEMPLEROBIN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in Great Island, Cove of 
 Cork, Barony of Barrymore, and Dio- 
 cese of Cloyne. Post-town, Cove. 
 
 TEMPLE SCOBBIN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Bantry, 
 county of Wexford, and Diocese of 
 Ferns, on the Urrin river. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 405. Post-town, En- 
 niscorthy. 
 
 TEMPLE SHANBOUGH, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, constituting the 
 corps of the Precentorship, in the 
 Barony of Scarewalsh, county of Wex- 
 
TER 
 
 TEM OF IRELAND. 
 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 4196. Post-town, En- 
 niscorthy. 
 
 TEMPLE SHANNON, a parish and 
 entire rectory in the Barony of Bal- 
 laghkeen, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, on the Slaney, 
 forming part of the Union of St 
 Mary’s- Enniscorthy, and about half 
 a mile from that town. 
 
 TEMPLETENNY, a parish and 
 vicarage in the United Baronies of 
 Iffa and Offa, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Lismore, containing 
 the villages of Ballyporeen and Car- 
 rig vistail. Population in 1831, 3785. 
 Post-town, Clogheen. 
 
 TEMPLETOHER, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Half-Barony 
 i of Ballymoe, county of Galway, and 
 I Diocese of Tuam. Population in 
 1831, 4871. Post-town, Ballymoe. 
 
 TEMPLETOHY, or Ballinsin, 
 a parish, rectory and vicarage, and 
 village of its name, Barony of Iker- 
 rin, county of Tipperary, and Diocese 
 of Cashel, forming part of the corps 
 of a Prebend in Cashel Cathedral. 
 Population in 1831, 2653. Post-town, 
 Templemore. 
 
 TEMPLETOWN, a locality in the 
 county of Antrim which gives the 
 title of Baron and Viscount, in the 
 Peerage of Ireland, to the Noble Fa- 
 mily of Upton, descended from Henry 
 Upton, Esq., a captain in the army of 
 the Earl of Essex in 1598, who mar- 
 ried a daughter of Sir John Clot- 
 worthy, and was the first of the fa- 
 mily of Upton of L’ Upton in Devon- 
 shire. Clotworthy Upton, Esq., was 
 created Baron Templetown in 1776, 
 and was succeeded in 1785 by his 
 eldest son John Henry, advanced to 
 the dignity of Viscount Templetown 
 in 1806. 
 
 TEMPLETOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Carlingford, county of 
 Louth, near the town of Carlingford. 
 
 TEMPLETOWN, or Kilcloghan, 
 a parish and impropriate curacy in 
 the Barony of Shelburne, county of 
 W exford, and Diocese of Ferns. The 
 village of Templetown is two miles 
 763 
 
 from Fethard, on Waterford Har- 
 bour. Population in 1831, 1387. 
 
 TEMPLETRINE, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Courcey and 
 East Carbery, county and Diocese of 
 Cork, near the coast. Population in 
 1831, 2180. Post-town, Kinsale. 
 
 TEMPLEUDIGAN, or St Peter’s, 
 a parish and perpetual curacy in the 
 Barony of Bantry, county of Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns, bounded 
 on the west by the Barrow, and sepa- 
 rated from the county of Carlow by 
 the White Mountain. Population in 
 1831, 1773. Post-town, New Ross. 
 
 TEMPLEUSQUE, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory in the Barony of Barry- 
 more, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 constituting part of the corps of a 
 Prebend. Population in 1831, 1289. 
 Post-town, Cork. 
 
 TEMPO, a village in the county of 
 Fermanagh, four miles from Lisbel- 
 law, on the road from Enniskillen to 
 Omagh. Near it is Tempo House. 
 The small stream of Tempo is in the 
 vicinity. 
 
 TERELA, or Tyrela, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Lecale, 
 county and Diocese of Down, forming 
 part of the corps of the Deanery of 
 Dundrum Bay. The small village of 
 its name is four miles from Clough. 
 Population in 1831, 1773. 
 
 TERMONAMONGAN, a parish 
 and rectory in the Baronies of Omagh 
 and Strabane, county of Tyrone, and 
 Diocese of Derry, on the river Derg. 
 Population in 1831,7253. Post-town, j 
 Omagh. 
 
 TERMONANY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Loughinsholin, 
 county of Londonderry, and Diocese 
 of Derry. Population in 1831, 2551. 
 Post-town, Tubbermore. 
 
 TERMONFECKAN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Ferrard, county of Louth, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh. The neat vil- 
 lage of Termonfeckan is four miles 
 from Drogheda near the shore, and 
 was anciently a place of considerable 
 importance. The Palace of the Arch- 
 bishops of Armagh is near it, now in 
 
THO 
 
 THO 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ruins, the last occupant of which was 
 Archbishop Usher. A Monastery was 
 founded here in the seventh century, 
 and a Nunnery for what are called 
 Augustine Canonesses was confirm- 
 ed -.by Celestine III. in 1195. In the 
 vicinity of the village are the resi- 
 dences of Newton-house and Rath. 
 Population in 1331, 3393. Post-town, 
 Drogheda. 
 
 TERMONMAGUIRK, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, in the Barony 
 of Omagh, county of Tyrone, and 
 Archdiocese of Omagh. Population 
 in 1831, 10,307. Post-town, Bally- 
 gawley. 
 
 TERROIG, a river of the county 
 of Clare, which issues from Lough 
 Terroig in Slieveboughta, the highest 
 of the hills north of the town of Sca- 
 riff, and after passing through Loughs 
 Graney, O’ Grady, and other smaller 
 lakes, enters Lough Derg about three 
 miles below Scariff. 
 
 TERRYGLASS, or Tiradglass, a 
 parish, rectory and vicarage, in the 
 Barony of Lower Ormond, county of 
 Tipperary, and Diocese of Killaloe, 
 the vicarage constituting part of the 
 corps of the Deanery. An ancient 
 monastery is noticed at Terryglass, 
 as destroyed by fire in 1162. The 
 first Abbot was St Columba, the son 
 of Cumthan, a disciple of St Finian. 
 This holy man is said to have died of 
 the plague in A. D. 552. Population 
 iu 1831, 2573. Post-town, Borris-o- 
 kane. 
 
 TESSARARAGH, or Taughsrara, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Athlone, county of Roscommon, 
 and Diocese of Elphin. In this pa- 
 rish are the post-village of Mount Tal- 
 bot, and that of Thomas-Street. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3492. 
 
 THOMASTOWN, a parish and en- 
 tire rectory, in the Barony of East 
 Ophaly, county and Diocese of Kil- 
 dare. Population in 1831, 139. Post- 
 town, Kildare. 
 
 THOMASTOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Gow- 
 ran, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. The town of Thomas- 
 764 
 
 town, 60 Irish miles from Dublin by 
 Carlow, five miles from Gowran, 12 
 miles from Ross, and 17 miles from 
 Waterford, derives its name from 
 Thomas Fitz-Anthony, who built a 
 Castle here in the reign of Henry II. 
 
 It is conveniently situated for trade, 
 at the head of the Nore navigation, 
 and is a convenient depot for the city 
 of Kilkenny. Considerable business 
 is carried on in the disposal of agri- 
 cultural produce. The Noreis crossed^ 
 by a handsome stone bridge, and the 
 banks of the river are interesting and 
 beautiful for several miles above and 
 below the town. In the vicinity is 
 the residence of Jerpoint, and one 
 mile distant on the Waterford road 
 are the ruins of Jerpoint Abbey. 
 Above Jerpoint is the Earl of Car- 
 rick’s beautiful seat of Mount-Juliet, 
 and opposite is the villa of Norlands. 
 Greenan, Dangan, and other villas, 
 ornament the neighbourhood. The j 
 ruins of an old monastery are at- 
 tached to the parish church, and some 
 remains of Fitz- Anthony’s Castle are | 
 still to be seen. Although several | 
 proprietors are resident near Thomas- , 
 town, the condition of the peasantry, j 
 as described by Mr Inglis, is very ' 
 wretched. He asserts that the very 1 
 worst inn he found in Ireland was in 
 the town, and that the greatest ex- 
 ample of individual prosperity he ob- 
 served among the poor in the neigh- : 
 bourhood was fiudiug three pigs resi- 
 dent in one cabin. “ I passed,” says i 
 Mr Inglis, “ a Sunday in Thomastown, 
 and had of course an opportunity of 
 seeing the population of a Kilkenny 
 country parish thronging to the Ro- 
 man Catholic chapel. Every woman 
 wears a cloak, and the hood of every 
 cloak is thrown over the head, unless 
 the cap underneath be an extremely 
 smart one, in which case the hood is 
 allowed to fall a little back, or if the 
 cap be a non-such , it is altogether 
 exposed. — Notwithstanding that the 
 weather was dry and warm, almost 
 every man wore a great-coat. The 
 shops were crowded after mass.” Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2871. 
 
THU 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 TIM 
 
 THOMASTOWN, a poor decayed 
 village in the parish of Religmurry, 
 county of Tipperary, about two miles 
 from Golden, on the road between 
 Cashel and the town of Tipperary, 
 which latter is three miles distant. 
 Near the village is the fine castellated 
 mansion of Thomastown, the seat of 
 the late Earl of Llandaff, in a magni- 
 ficent demesne, containing stately old 
 trees. In the vicinity is the residence 
 of Kilfeacle. 
 
 THOMOND, an ancient district, 
 part of which corresponds to the pre- 
 sent county of Clare, giving the title 
 of Marquis, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the ancient and illustrious Family 
 of O’Brien, descended from the cele- 
 brated monarch Brien Boromhe. This 
 is one of the few native Irish families 
 in the Peerage of the Kingdom. Conor 
 O’Brien, who was inaugurated King 
 of Thomond in 1528, died in 1540, 
 when his son wastcset aside, and the 
 principality seized by his brother 
 Murrough, who submitted to Henry 
 
 supplying an extensive inland district, 
 for the produce of which it is the 
 market. A Branch of the National 
 Bank of Ireland is in the town, the 
 markets are well attended, and several 
 fairs are held. Some ancient castel- 
 lated and ecclesiastical ruins are still 
 seen. Here are a neat parish church, 
 a large Roman Catholic College, a 
 spacious Roman Catholic chapel, a 
 Monastery, an Ursuline and a Presen- 
 tation Convent, a commodious Mar- 
 ket-House and Court-House, an Infan- 
 try Barrack, and other establishments 
 Thurles is also the seat of the Roman 
 Catholic See of Cashel, the chapel 
 constituting the Cathedral, and here 
 is the Archbishop’s residence. There 
 are several schools, one in each of the 
 Convents and the Monastery. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 7084. 
 
 TIBRACH, also Tipperaghny and 
 Tybroughny , a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Iverk, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory, on the Suir. This parish is 
 
 VIII., and was created Earl of Tho- said to have contained a town of some 
 mond, with remainder to his deposed i importance at the arrival of the Eng- 
 nephew, in 1543, and Baron of Inchi- lish. An upright stone is alleged to 
 quin to his own heirs-male. Mur- indicate the boundary of the counties 
 rough, fifth Earl of Incbiquin, was of Tipperary and Kilkenny. Post- 
 created Marquis of Thomond in 1800, town, Carrick-on Suir. 
 and Baron Thomond of Taplow, in TICKILLEN, a parish in the Ba- 
 the Peerage of the United Kingdom, rony of Shelmalier, county of Wex- 
 in 1801. His Lordship was killed by ford, and Diocese of Ferns, on the 
 
 a fall from his horse in 1808, and the 
 Irish honours descended to his ne- 
 phew, who succeeded as second Mar- 
 quis, created Baron Tadcaster, in the 
 Peerage of Great Britain, in 1826. 
 
 THURLES, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Eliogarty, county of 
 j Tipperary, and Diocese of Cashel. 
 
 ' The town of Thurles, 70 Irish miles 
 | from Dublin by Johnstown, and 72£ 
 miles by Mountrath, Rathdowney, 
 and Templemore, is inland, watered 
 by the Suir, which is here a small 
 i sluggish stream, and is surrounded by 
 a fertile, flat, and populous district. 
 The Suir divides the town into nearly 
 | two equal parts. The trade of Thurles 
 has greatly increased, and the towm 
 may be said to be in a thriving state, 
 765 
 
 Slaney river. Population in 1831 
 1226. Post-town, Wexford. 
 
 TIMAHOE, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Clane, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Kildare. A most 
 extensive portion of the parish, called 
 Timahoe Bog, is part of the great Bog 
 of Allen, and is said to cover nearly 
 13,000 acres. Population in 1831, 1527. 
 Post-town, Kilcock. 
 
 TIMAHOE, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Stradbally, or, ac- 
 cording to other statements, in the 
 Barony of Cullinagh, Queen’s County, 
 and Diocese of Leighlin. The village 
 of Timahoe, a name derived from 
 Teagh-Mochoe , is four Irish miles 
 from Stradbally, on the old hilly road 
 to Ballinakill. ■ Here are a round 
 
TIM 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TIN 
 
 tower and some church ruins. An 
 abbey was founded here in the tenth 
 century by O’More of Leix, and dedi- 
 cated to an ancient holy man named 
 St Mochoe. It was burnt in 1142. In 
 the reign of Elizabeth the lands were 
 granted to the Loftus Family, and Sir 
 Thomas Loftus died in his Castle of 
 Timahoe in 1635. The Irish under 
 General Preston were defeated by Ge- 
 neral Monck near this place in 1642. 
 Fairs are held in April, July, and 
 October. Post-town, Stradbally. 
 
 TIMOLE AGUE, a parish, rectory 
 and corps of a Prebend, in the Baro- 
 nies of East Carbery and of Ibawne 
 and Barryroe, county of Cork, and 
 Diocese of Ross, on the Arigadeen 
 river, at the western end of Court- 
 macsherry Bay. The small town of 
 Timoleague is about eight miles 
 from Bandon, and is situated at the 
 west extremity of Courtmacsherry 
 shore. Sloops can approach the town, 
 and lighters can sail up the narrow 
 tidal river above it, yet the proximity 
 I to Bandon and Cloghnakilty causes it 
 , to be a place of little trade. The 
 | cotton manufacture, however, is in- 
 troduced, and the neighbourhood is 
 fertile and populous. A Franciscan 
 Friary was founded here in the four- 
 teenth century, the extensive ruins of 
 which adjoin the town, aud in the 
 chapel attached to it was interred that 
 distinguished favourite of Henry 
 VIII., Bishop Edmund de Courcey of 
 Ross, who died in 1518. There are mo- 
 1 numents to the old septs of the Mac- 
 Cartby-Reaghs and the O'Cullines. 
 The patron is the redoubtable St Mo- 
 loga, whose day is the 26th of January, 
 and a holy well, dedicated to the Vir- 
 gin, attracts visitors on the 8th of 
 May. In the vicinity of the town are 
 the ruins of the castles of the Barretts 
 and O’Shaughnasseys ; also Court- 
 I maesherry, the marine villa of the 
 Earl of Shannon; the residences of 
 Kilbritain and Baileyfield ; below the 
 town are the ruins of Abbey-Mahon. 
 
 | Fairs are held in March, July, Au- 
 j gust, and December. Population of 
 town in 1831, 720; of parish, 1829. 
 
 766 
 
 TIMOLIN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Kilkea 
 and Moone, and of Narragh and Rhe- 
 ban, county of Kildare, and Archdio- 
 cese of Dublin, on the Griss or Griese 
 river. The village of Timolin is one 
 mile from Ballytore, on the road from 
 that place to Castle-Dermot. A mo- 
 nastery for Canons-Regular was found- 
 ed here at an early period, and one of 
 the abbots, who died A.D. 927, en- 
 joyed the eccentric name of Doulip 
 M‘Scalvoy. The ruins of a more re- 
 cent religious house are near the re- 
 sidence of Moon ; and a mile distant, 
 on the right, is Belan, the seat of the 
 Earl of Aldborough. Population in 
 1831, 3139. Post-town, Ballytore. 
 
 TIMOOLE. See Tymole. 
 
 TIMOTHAN, a parochial district 
 within the Liberties of the city of 
 Dublin, constituting an unendowed 
 Prebend in St Patrick’s Cathedral. 
 
 TINEHELY, a neat little town in 
 the parish of Kilcommon, county of 
 Wicklow, on the Derry river, about 
 seven Irish miles from Aughrim, two 
 miles from Carnew, and upwards of 
 44 Irish miles from Dublin. Tt lies iu 
 a very beautiful and interesting dis- 
 trict, which is ornamented by Earl 
 Fitzwilliam’s demesne of Coolattin 
 Park and several seats. Fairs are 
 held in January, February, March, 
 May, June, August, and November. 
 
 TINEHINCH, a village in the pa- 
 rish of St Mullin’s, county of Car- 
 low. 
 
 TINEHINCH, a Barony in the 
 Queen’s County, divided into four 
 parishes, and containing the market- 
 town of Mountmellick. 
 
 TINEHINCH, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Kilmanman, Queen’s County, 
 near Clonaslie. 
 
 TINEHINCH, a beautiful and ver- 
 dant valley in the parish of Stagonil, 
 or Powerscourt, county of Wicklow, 
 adjoining Lord Viscount Powers- 
 court’s splendid demesne. Here is 
 the residence of Tinehinch, which 
 was unnoticed and unknown till it 
 became the property aud retreat of 
 the celebrated statesman, the Right 
 
TIP 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 TIP 
 
 Hon. Henry Grattan, as also of his 
 eldest son, James Grattan, Esq. M.P. 
 The house is a plain edifice, close to 
 the road, in an angle of the finely 
 wooded valley, which commences at 
 the Waterfall, and extends to Bray. 
 It is said that Tinehinch was origin- 
 ally erected by the proprietor of 
 Powerscourt as an inn, and Arthur 
 Young, the agricultural tourist, re- 
 mained in it several days in 1776. It 
 is only interesting, however, as having 
 been the residence of Grattan. Be- 
 yond Tinehinch i3 Charleville, the 
 seat of the Earl of Rathdown. 
 
 TINTERN, or Kinneagh, a parish 
 and impropriate curacy in the Barony 
 of Shelburne, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns. The small village 
 of Tintern is three miles from Fethard 
 and ten miles from Taghmon, near 
 the demesne of Tintern, on an arm of 
 the Bay of Bannow. In the parish 
 are the church, two Roman Catholic 
 chapels, and a poor school endowed 
 by the Colclough family, proprietors 
 of the demesne. Here are the ruins 
 of Tintern Abbey, founded by Wil- 
 liam Earl of Pembroke, in conse- 
 quence of a vow he had made when 
 in danger of shipwreck, and dedicated 
 to the Virgin Mary. He brought 
 thither a colony of Cistertian Monks 
 from Tintern Abbey in Monmouth- 
 shire, and granted to them extensive 
 possessions on the Bann river. Part 
 of the old castle adjoining the Abbey 
 is now fitted up and inhabited. The 
 scenery, ruins, bay, and whole aspect 
 of Tintern combine to render it oifte 
 of the most beautiful, rural, and in- 
 teresting localities in Wexford. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2602. 
 
 TIPPER, a parish, rectory and 
 corps of a Prebend, in the Barony of 
 North Naas, county of Kildare, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. Population 
 in 1831, 821. Post town, Naas. 
 
 TIPPERARY, a very large inland 
 county in the Province of Munster, is 
 bounded on the north by the counties 
 of Galway and King’s County; on the 
 east by King’s, Queen’s, and Kilkenny 
 Counties ; on the south by those of 
 767 
 
 Waterford and Cork; and on the west ' 
 by those of Cork, Limerick, and Clare, j 
 It is separated from Galway and Clare | 
 by the Shannon and the Lough Derg 
 expansion of that river. The county 
 extends about 70 miles in its greatest 
 length on a meridional line from the 
 confluence of the Lesser Brosna and 
 the Shannon on the north to the 
 Knockmeledown Mountains on the 
 south ; and 40 miles in breadth from 
 O’Brien’s Bridge on the Shannon 
 west to Urlingford on the east. The 
 area is estimated at 1583 square miles, 
 or 1,013,173 acres, of which 819,618 
 are cultivated, 182,147 are unimprov- 
 ed mountain and bog, and 11,328 are 
 under water. The county is divided 
 into the following Baronies: — 1. 
 Clanwilliam; 2. Eliogarty; 3. Iffa 
 and OfFa East: 4. Iffa and Offa West ; 
 
 5. Ikerrin ; 6. Kilnemanagh ; 7. Mid- 
 dlethird ; 8. Lower Ormond; 9. Upper 
 Ormond; 10. Slieveardagh. These 
 Baronies are subdivided into 189 pa- 
 rishes, of which 96 are in the Diocese 
 of Cashel, 20 in that of Emly, 32 in 
 that of Lismore, and 41 in that of Kil- 
 laloe. Clonmel is the county town, 
 a part of which on the other side of 
 the Suir is in the county of Water- 
 ford. 
 
 The surface of Tipperary i3 re- 
 markably varied. The range of the 
 Knockmeledown Mountains rise to 
 the south, the highest of which is 
 2700 feet above the level of the sea, 
 according to the Ordnance Survey; 
 north of these are the Galtees, of 
 which range Galtimore is upwards of 
 3000 feet. Farther north are the 
 Slievenamanagh Mountains, 2362 feet; 
 Arragh, 1558 feet; and a portion 
 of the Devil’s Bit, 2084 feet ; the 
 Keeper, 2265 feet ; the remainder 
 of the last range extending north- 
 east, and forming the boundary be- 
 tween King’s and Queen’s Counties. 
 These mountains are mostly compos- 
 ed of clay slate, surrounded by or al- 
 together sandstone. The rest of the 
 county is undulating, chiefly a lime- 
 stone district, constituting an extre- 
 mity of the great field of that forma- ; 
 
TIP 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TIP 
 
 tion which spreads over all the central 
 portion of Ireland. The most strik- 
 ing peculiarity is the Rock of Cashel 
 (see Cashel). In some parts of this 
 district the ground rises into hills of 
 considerable elevation, such as the 
 Slieveardagh range, bordering Kil- 
 kenny county and Slievenamuck, near 
 the town of Tipperary. The soil in 
 the comparatively level parts, and in 
 the valleys, is a rich calcareous loam, 
 and the finest crops can be raised with 
 little aid from human industry. The 
 peculiarly fertile tract, stretching be- 
 tween the Galtee and Slievenamanagh 
 i Mountains, having the town of Tip- 
 perary in the centre, and extending 
 from the county of Limerick west- 
 ward to the Golden and Slieveardagh 
 Hills, is most appropriately designat- 
 ed the Golden Vale. Another similar 
 tract, but more limited, lies in the 
 Baronies of Upper and Lower Or- 
 mond. The southern extremity of 
 the Bog of Allen spreads itself into 
 this county in detached portions in 
 the north-eastern quarter, from Ros- 
 crea to Holycross, comprising 35,000 
 acres about 400 feet above the level of 
 the sea, and capable of drainage. 
 The land in the vicinity of the boggy 
 tracts is generally swampy, produc- 
 ing little except reeds and aquatic 
 plants, but several portions near the 
 margin of the bogs have been re- 
 claimed, and this process is extend- 
 ing. There is scarcely any native 
 timber, and though many of the plan- 
 tations in several places are very ex- 
 tensive in the demesnes, and round 
 the residences of the wealthy farmers, 
 the general aspect of the county is 
 that of bareness, which greatly less- 
 ens the many otherwise beautiful 
 landscapes. The only large river is 
 the Suir : the Shannon forms part of 
 the western boundary ; the Lesser 
 Brosnais the northern boundary from 
 Birr to the Shannon; and the Nore 
 traverses a small portion of the north- 
 east district of the county. The lakes 
 are of no great extent. 
 
 The system of agriculture is great- 
 ly regulated by the soil and the face 
 768 
 
 of the country, and the tillage is in 
 many parts on the most improved 
 system. The farms are generally 
 small, and the fences are either stone 
 walls, or mounds of earth eight or ten 
 feet broad at the base, tapering to- 
 wards the top, and surmounted by 
 furze or white thorn. Butter ap- 
 pears to be the principal dairy pro- 
 duce, yet it is singular that cheese 
 should be almost totally neglected. 
 The breed of Irish cows is kept up, 
 and sometimes are reared with a cross 
 of the Holderness or Devon. Good 
 prices are obtained for the native 
 horses of the county ; asses and mules 
 are much used by the small farmers ; 
 pigs abound ; but sheep are less nu- 
 merous. The manufactures of Tip- 
 perary are of no importance, and the 
 only staple trade of the county is that of 
 flour, for which the mills are extensive. 
 
 The lower classes of this county, 
 especially those ironically called Tip- 
 perary Boys , have been long prover- 
 bial for their turbulence, propensity 
 to fighting, and to the use of their 
 formidable shillelaghs against each 
 other, to say nothing of more lethal 
 weapons and atrocious crimes. These 
 unenviable distinctions have been 
 partly ascribed to the neglect of the 
 absentee landlords, and to the almost 
 total want of communication through 
 the mountainous districts. Compe- 
 tition for land and aversion to tithes 
 are alleged as other causes for the 
 frightful examples of ferocity, hatred, 
 and revenge, which have occurred. 
 
 “ There are, however, in this county 
 of Tipperary," says Mr Inglis, “ some 
 few other causes of less frequency. 
 Abduction is one of these, and this 
 is always a source of deadly feud; 
 and there are also factions that are of 
 long standing, existing without any 
 intelligible cause, but which are even 
 inheritances; and although these are 
 not the origin of deliberate murder, 
 they are the occasion of those fights 
 which almost invariably take place at 
 fairs, when persons of different fac- 
 tions meet, and too often terminating 
 in bloodshed.” 
 
TIP OF IRELAND. 
 
 The county expenses are defrayed 
 by Grand Jury Presentments. The 
 Infirmary, Fever Hospital, and Luna- 
 tic Asylum, and a new Prison for the 
 north division of the county, are erect- 
 ed at Nenagh ; and the Workhouses 
 under the Poor Law Act are at Car- 
 rick-on-Suir, Cashel, Clogheen, Clon- 
 mel, Nenagh, Roscrea, Thurles, and 
 Tipperary. The county returns two 
 members to the Imperial Parliament ; 
 constituency in 1841-2, 2463. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 402,538. 
 
 TIPPERARY, a parish and entire 
 rectory in the Barony of Clanwilliam, 
 county of its name, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. The town of Tipperary, 
 89 Irish miles from Dublin, by Cashel 
 and Golden, and 87 Irish miles from 
 the same city by Thurles, Holycross, 
 and Dundrum, is situated in the cen- 
 tre of the Golden Vale, one of the 
 richest tracts in Ireland, bounded on 
 the south by the Galtee Mountains, 
 and surrounded by an agreeable di- 
 versity of scenery. The town con- 
 tains an elegant parish church, a large 
 Roman Catholic chapel, an endowed 
 School, a Market-House, Sessions- 
 House, the Poor Law Union Work- 
 house, and other establishments com- 
 mon in county towns. Here are a 
 Branch of the National Bank of Ire- 
 land and the Tipperary Joint-Stock 
 Bank. u Tipperary,” says Mr Inglis, 
 “ though inconsiderable in size to bear 
 the name of the county, is rather a 
 flourishing place, and is what a mer- 
 cantile traveller would call a good lit- 
 tle town. There is no town westward 
 nearer than Limerick, and there is 
 consequently a busy retail trade, the 
 result of country wants. There is also 
 a good weekly market, which makes 
 Tipperary the depot of agricultural 
 produce for a range of twelve or fif- 
 teen miles round. — Notwithstanding 
 the better circumstances of the trades- 
 men, the condition of the labouring 
 classes I found little better than else- 
 where. Not so large a proportion of 
 the people were out of employment 
 here as in some other places, but 
 wages were only 8d. a day without 
 
 •jczn 
 
 TIP 
 
 diet ; and I ascertained that there is 
 no constant employment for all, or 
 anything approaching to all, the po- 
 pulation. I certainly observed fewer 
 ragged people and fewer beggars in 
 Tipperary than in Cashel and other 
 towms, but in searching the suburbs I 
 found many cabins wretched enough, 
 and enormous rents paid for them. — 
 The con-acre system is very general 
 in the neighbourhood of Tipperary, 
 and very popular. They looked upon 
 it as the only refuge ’which many a 
 man had against starvation. — Many 
 absentee properties are quite as well 
 managed as if the proprietors were re- 
 sident ; and, as one example of this, 
 I may name the large estates of Lord 
 Stanley in this neighbourhood. I 
 found only one opinion as to the ex- 
 cellent management of these estates ; 
 rents are moderate, and the tenantry 
 well treated. — I found every thing per- 
 fectly quiet and orderly in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Tipperary. The very 
 name forces to our recollection images 
 of shillelahs, and broken heads, and 
 turbulence of every kind ; and I found 
 it readily admitted that the fighting 
 propensities of the 4 Tipperary Boys* 
 are somewhat remarkable.” In the 
 vicinity of the town are several fine 
 residences, such as Spring House, 
 Bansbaw Castle, Roesborough, Sad- 
 leir’s Wells, Ballykistane (the seat of 
 Lord Stanley), and others. The beau- 
 tiful and fertile vale of Alierlo, lying 
 between the Galtees and the Tipper- 
 ary Hills, and watered in its whole 
 length of six miles by a tributary of 
 the Suir, is also in the neighbourhood 
 of the town, ornamented with the seats 
 of Aherlo Castle, New Forest, Rivers- 
 dale, and Stagdale. Tipperary gives 
 the title of Earl to his Royal Highness 
 Adolphus Duke of Cambridge, fifth son 
 of George HI. Population in 1831, 6972. 
 
 TIPPERKIVEN, a parish, rectory, 
 and corps of a Prebend, in the Barony 
 of Uppercross, county and Archdio- 
 cese of Dublin. This parish is de- 
 tached by the counties of Wicklow 
 and Kildare. Population in 1831,791. 
 Post-town, Blessington. 
 
 3 T 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TOM 
 
 TOL 
 
 TIRAGHRILL, a Barony of the 
 county of Sligo, divided into fifteen 
 parishes, and containing the town of 
 Colooney. 
 
 TIRAWLEY, aBarony of the coun- 
 ty of Mayo, divided into sixteen par- 
 ishes, and containing the market-town 
 of Ballina. 
 
 TIRENASCRAGH, a parish, vicar- 
 age, and village of its name, in the 
 Barony of Longford, county of Gal- 
 way, and Diocese of Clonfert, on the 
 Shannon. Post-town, Portumna. 
 
 TITESKIN, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Imokilly, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne. 
 Post-town, Cloyne. 
 
 TOBERCLEAR, a village in the 
 parish of Ballymore, county of West- 
 meath, three miles from Ballymore. 
 
 TOBERDON Y, a village in the par- 
 ish of Belaghs, county of Galway, 
 about five miles south-west from Gort. 
 
 TOBERPIDDER, a village in the 
 parish of Isertkelly, county of Galway, 
 six miles north-east from Gort. 
 
 TOBERSCANOVAN, a village in 
 the parish of Ballysadare, county of 
 Sligo, in the neighbourhood of Co- 
 looney. 
 
 TOEM, a parish and entire rectory 
 in the Barony of Kiluemanagh, coun- 
 ty of Tipperary, and Diocese of Cash- 
 el. Post-town, Tipperary. 
 
 TOGHER, a village in the parish 
 of Dunleer, county of Louth. In the 
 neighbourhood are the beautifully 
 situated demesnes of Barmeath (Bel- 
 lew, Bart.), Dunany, and Rathescar. 
 The small town of Dunleer is three 
 miles from Togher. 
 
 TOGHER, a village in the parish 
 of Derrylossory, county of Wicklow. 
 Near it are Tobertynan House and 
 Castlerickard. 
 
 TOGHERTY, a village in the par- 
 ish of Killereran, county of Galway, 
 near Tuam. 
 
 TOLKA, a river which traverses 
 the fertile plains of the northern side 
 of the county of Dublin, and falls into 
 the Bay of Dublin below Drumcondra. 
 
 TOLLYNAD ALY, or Tullynadel- 
 ly, a parish and vicarage in the Ba- 
 770 
 
 rony of Clare, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Tuam. Post-town, Tuam. 
 
 TOMBE, or Toome, a parish and 
 rectory in the Baronies of Gorey and 
 Scarewalsh, county of Wexford, and 
 Diocese of Ferns, on the Bann river, 
 constituting part of the corps of a Pre- 
 bend in Ferns Cathedral. Population 
 in 1831, 1905. Post-town, Camolin. 
 
 TOMEENS, a stream which waters 
 the demesne of Kiltanan, about amile 
 from Tulla, in the county of Clare. It 
 has a singular subterraneous course. 
 
 TOMFINLOUGH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Bun- 
 ratty, county of Clare, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. Population in 1831, 4053. 
 Post-town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 TOMGRANY, or Toomgrany, a 
 parish, rectory, and corps of a Prebend, 
 in the Barony of Tullagh, county of 
 Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe, on the 
 Shannon. The village of Tomgrany is 
 about a mile from Scariff, and near 
 it are the residences of Drewsborough 
 and Raheen. Population in 1831, 
 5568. 
 
 TOMHAGGARD, or Tomhager, a 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Bargie, county of Wexford, and Dio- 
 cese of Ferns, on the sea coast. In 
 the village of its name a fair is held on 
 the 26th of July. Population in 1831, 
 723. Post-town, Broadway. 
 
 TOMIES, a lofty mountain, which, 
 including those of Glena and the Pur- 
 ple Mountains, forms the grand west- 
 ern boundary of the Lower Lakes 
 of Killarney. Properly Tomies and 
 Glena form one mountain, the line of 
 separation being only a cascade de- 
 scending through a deep hollow far 
 up the sides. The base of these 
 mountains is richly wooded down to 
 the water's edge, while their high- 
 er regions are either furrowed by 
 streams, covered with dark brown 
 heath, or are sterile naked rocks. See 
 Killarney. 
 
 TOMREGAN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Tul- 
 laghagh, county of Cavan, and Diocese 
 
 I of Kilmore, on the Woodford river, 
 and extending into the lower half of 
 
TOR OF IRELAND. TOR 
 
 Longhtee Baroriy. Population in 1831, 
 4118. Post-town, Ballyconnell. 
 
 TONEROE, a village in the parish 
 of Ballinacourty, county of Galway, 
 near Oranraore. 
 
 TOOME, a Barony of the county 
 of Antrim, divided into Upper and 
 Lower, and including eight parishes, 
 w’ith the towns of Portglenone, Ahog- 
 hill, Ballymena, Randalstown, and se- 
 veral populous villages. 
 
 TOOME, or Toomebridge, a vil- 
 lage in the Barony of its name, and 
 parish of Duneen, on the Lower Bann, 
 which communicates with Lough Beg 
 and Lough Neagh, and is crossed by a 
 bridge of nine arches erected by Earl 
 O'Neill. On the Derry side are the 
 ruins of a castle which commanded 
 the pass on the river. This castle 
 was taken by the titular Bishop of 
 Clogher in 1650, and retaken by Colo- 
 nel Venables. The village occupies 
 the neck of land separating Lough 
 Beg from Lough Neagh, the former 
 an expansion of the Lower Bann. In 
 the vicinity is Earl O’Neill’s cottage 
 of Raymond, and the residence of St 
 Helena. Fairs are held at Toome on 
 the 20th of April and 4th of December. 
 
 TOOMVARA, also Toomavara and 
 Templedowny , a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Upper Ormond, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel, constituting part of the corps 
 of the Chancellorship of the Diocese. 
 The village of Toomvara is three 
 miles from Moneygall. Here are the 
 ruins of Knockane and Blane Castles, 
 and of a Preceptory of Knights Tem- 
 plars. Population in 1831, 790. 
 
 TORK, or Mucross Lake, is the 
 Middle Lake of Killarney, lying at the 
 base of the Tork Mountain, which is 
 a beautiful conical elevation, stand- 
 ing out in isolated grandeur, rising 
 abruptly, and its precipices at se- 
 veral points almost inaccessible, be- 
 tween Mangerton and Glena Moun- 
 tains. From one of these moun- 
 tains it is separated by the deep de- 
 file formed by the channel of the 
 Devil's Stream , flowing from the Punch 
 Bowl of his Satanic Majesty, and the 
 771 
 
 other defile traversed by the river 
 flowing from the Upper Lake. The 
 lower sides of this almost inacces- 
 sible mountain are covered with wood. | 
 See Killarney. 
 
 TORY ISLAND, an Island off the 1 
 coast of Donegal, about three leagues 
 north-westward of Dunfanaghy, or 
 eight miles from the shore, three and 
 a half miles in length, and from half 
 a mile to three-fourths in breadth, 
 comprising, probably, 785 acres, chiefly 
 mountain and rock, with sandy shores. 
 Here are the ruins of a round tower, 
 some crosses, several ecclesiastical 
 buildings dignified with the name of 
 the Seven Churches, and an old edifice 
 called by the islanders Ballaa’s Castle. 
 On the east side of the Island vessels 
 can find shelter in 18 fathoms water 
 within half a mile of the shore. The 
 Light-house, on the northern point of 
 the Island, was erected in 1832, the 
 lantern elevated 125 feet above the 
 level of the sea at high-water mark. 
 Tory Island lies in the same sound, 
 between Horn Head and Bloody Fore- 
 land, in which are the Islands of Inish- 
 boffin and Inishdoony. The average 
 elevation of the western part is only 
 about 50 or 60 feet above the level of 
 the sea, and the want of shelter is 
 felt severely in the north-westerly 
 gales, which set in with great violence 
 on this coast. In the summer of 1826 
 a gale from this quarter raised the 
 sea in immense waves over the flat 
 part of the Island, which destroyed 
 the corn-fields, washed the potatoes 
 out of the furrows, filled up the fresh- 
 water springs, and reduced the in- 
 habitants to great destitution. The 
 islanders, who constituted a popula- 
 tion of probably 300, are perhaps the 
 most original and primitive race in 
 the kingdom, many of them having 
 never been on the mainland. A few 
 of them, seven or eight, were driven 
 by stress of weather into Ardes Bay 
 in 1825. “ Mr Stewart of Ardes,” 
 
 says the Rev. Caesar Otway, in his 
 Sketches in Ireland, iC gave these 
 poor people shelter in a large barn, 
 and supplied them with plenty of 
 
TRA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TRA 
 
 food and fresh straw to lie on. Not 
 one of these people was ever in Ire- 
 land before ; the trees of Ardes actu- 
 ally astonished them ; they were seen 
 putting leaves and small branches 
 into their pockets to show on their 
 return. Mr Stewart had the good 
 nature to procure a piper for their 
 amusement, and all the time that the 
 wind was contrary, those harmless 
 people continued dancing, singing, 
 eating, and sleeping — a picture of 
 savage life in every age and clime.” 
 In 1798 a French fleet was captured 
 off Tory Island by Sir John B. War- 
 ren. 
 
 TOUGH, or Tuogk, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Owneybeg, county of Limerick, and 
 Diocese of Emly. Population in 1831, 
 3534. Post-town, Castle-Connell. 
 
 TOUGHCLUGGIN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Coonagh, 
 county of Limerick, and Diocese of 
 Emly, in the Union of Cullen. Post- 
 town, Pallas-Green. 
 
 TO WMORE, or Tuymore, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of Gallen, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Achon- 
 ry, on the Moy, near the post-town 
 of Foxford. Population in 1831, 3576. 
 
 TRACTON, a parish and impro- 
 priate rectory in the Barony of Kin- 
 nalea, county and Diocese of Cork, 
 near the shore. Tracton Abbey was 
 founded by the MacCarthys for monks 
 of the Cistertian Abbey about 1224. 
 The village of Tracton is thirteen 
 miles south-east of Cork. Population 
 of parish in 1831, 2838. 
 
 TRADDERY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Bunratty, county 
 of Clare, and Diocese of Killaloe, not 
 specified by this name in the Eccle- 
 siastical Register and Population Re- 
 turns. Post-town, Six-Mile-Bridge. 
 
 TRALEE, a parish, entire rectory, 
 and parliamentary borough, in the 
 Barony of Trughenackmy, county of 
 Kerry, and annexed Dioceses of Ard- 
 fert and Aghadoe, on the Lee river, 
 near its debouch into the great estu- 
 ary of Tralee Bay. Tralee is 144 
 Irish miles from Dublin by Limerick, 
 772 
 
 Adare, Newcastle, Abbeyfeale, and 
 Castle-Island, from the last of which 
 it is nine miles distant, and upwards 
 of 151f Irish miles from Dublin by 
 Limerick, Askeaton, Glin, Tarbert, 
 Ballylongford, Listowell, and Abbey- 
 Odorney. This town was the capital 
 of the Palatinate of the Earls of Des- 
 mond, and was subject to their juris- 
 diction, until the atrocious murder 
 perpetrated by Sir John Desmond, 
 brother of the then Earl, who assas- 
 sinated Sir H. Danvers, and Justices 
 Meade and Charteris, in their beds in 
 Tralee Castle, in 1579. This caused 
 the suppression of the Desmond au- 
 thority, and in 1612 the town was in- 
 corporated by James I. Only one of 
 the four castles of the Desmonds at 
 Tralee survives the lapse of centuries, 
 and it is the property of Sir Edward 
 Denny, Bart., the proprietor of the 
 town, to whose ancestors it was grant- 
 ed by Queen Elizabeth. A Monastery 
 was founded, in 1260, for Dominican 
 Friars, by Lord John Fitz- Thomas, 
 who was slain with his son at Callen 
 by MacCarthy More, and both were 
 interred here on the north side of the 
 edifice. The Knights of St John of 
 Jerusalem are also supposed to have 
 possessed a Commandery. The town 
 was almost totally destroyed during 
 the Civil Wars of 1641, and "suffered 
 severely during the Revolution. 
 
 The present town of Tralee is pro- 
 bably one of the most thriving in the 
 South of Ireland. Some of the streets 
 are spacious and regularly laid out, con- 
 taining many elegant houses respect- 
 ably inhabited, although numerous 
 inferior tenements and mud cabins 
 are interspersed throughout, and also 
 abound in the suburbs. The two 
 principal streets are upwards of a mile 
 in length, broken by a square in the 
 centre, from which diverge the several 
 well-built cross streets. The public 
 buildings are the Court-House, a 
 chaste classical edifice, the County 
 Prison adjoining, the County Infir- 
 mary, the Market-House, an elegant 
 parish church, two large Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapels, some small Dissenting 
 
TRA 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 meeting-houses, and other institu- 
 tions peculiar to a county town. The 
 Infantry Barracks accommodate 600 
 men. The public, subscription, and 
 private schools, are numerous. Mr 
 Inglis mentions Tralee very favour- 
 ably as it appeared in 1834. He says 
 that in some respects it is superior to 
 Clonmel — that it “ has streets which 
 would not disgrace the best quarters 
 of any city, and these not streets of 
 business, which it also has, but streets 
 containing gentlemen’s houses, or, at 
 all events, in which no gentleman 
 might be ashamed to live. — The in- 
 dications of prosperity, visible in the 
 outward appearance of Tralee, I found, 
 upon inquiry, to be just. Twenty 
 years ago Tralee was little else than a 
 congregation of cabins, and within a 
 far shorter period it has received — as 
 a merchant of the town expressed it 
 — its new face.” 
 
 The exports, imports, and general 
 trade of Tralee, have greatly increased 
 since 1830. In 1835 the value of the 
 exports was L.42,315; the imports, 
 L.7270. From September 1833 to 
 May 1834, not less than 4000 tons of 
 wheat, 3000 tons of oats, and 400 tons 
 of barley, were exported, exclusive of 
 4000 tons of barley, 1000 tons of wheat, 
 and 70 tons of oats bought in the 
 market for home consumption. The 
 retail trade is extensive ; many of the 
 dealers are wealthy ; and numbers of 
 well filled shops are in the town. 
 Tralee is often literally crowded on 
 the market-day, and there is abun- 
 dance of agricultural produce, manu- 
 factured goods, aud wearing apparel, 
 brought for sale. Provisions are re- 
 markably cheap, if the prices given 
 by Mr Inglis are a fair average: — 
 u Beef, 3d. per lb. ; mutton, 3§d. ; pork, 
 2d. ; a fine turkey, in the season, Is. 9d.; 
 a fine goose, lOd. ; fine fowls, 8d. a 
 couple ; a good cod fish, 8d. ; oysters, 
 3d. per hundred.” In the town are 
 Branches of the Bank of Ireland, of 
 the Provincial Bank of Ireland, and 
 of the National Bank of Ireland. As 
 Tralee is situated on a flat snd fertile 
 tract, stretching along the shores of a 
 773 
 
 small inlet of Ballyheigue Bay, ge- 
 nerally termed Tralee Bay, and is 
 about a mile from the shore, it is 
 connected with the sea by a short ship 
 canal of recent construction, the utility 
 of which is doubted by many, and it 
 was thought at the time that the 
 strong westerly gales would accumu- 
 late sand and obstruct the navigation. 
 The principal shipping load and dis- 
 charge their cargoes at Blennerville, 
 about a mile and a quarter below the 
 town, on the Dingle road, which may 
 be considered the port, and here is a 
 small village. On the opposite side 
 of the Bay is a chalybeate spa, which 
 is considerably frequented, and its 
 pretty situation is enlivened by neat 
 country houses for lodgers. Close to 
 the town, on the Listowell road, is the 
 residence of Oak Park, aud the whole 
 surrounding scenery, consisting of 
 sea and mountain, is very impressive 
 The town is governed by a Provost 
 and twelve Free Burgesses, and re- 
 turns one member to the Imperial 
 Parliament; constituency in 1840-1, 
 271. Population in 1831, 9568. 
 
 TRA MO RE, a small straggling 
 neat town, in the parish of Drumcon- 
 ra, county of Waterford, six miles 
 from the city of Waterford, and 83 
 Irish miles from Dublin. It is situ- 
 ated at the western extremity of the 
 Bay of its name, protected in some 
 degree from the prevailing winds, 
 and commanding an extensive view of 
 the coast. Here are a commodious 
 hotel and many excellent private villas 
 and lodgings for visitors, the town 
 being a favourite resort of the citizens 
 of Waterford during summer and au- 
 tumn. Races are frequently held on 
 the smooth sandy shore. Here are an 
 elegant parish church, a Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel, a Market-House, and 
 an Assembly Room. Tramore Bay 
 has often been mistaken for the en- 
 trance of Waterford Harbour, from 
 which it is four Irish miles west, and 
 this often proves fatal to mariners, 
 who cannot make Ranespark Harbour, 
 and are unacquainted with the land- 
 mark of Tramore church spire. The 
 
TRA 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Bay is bounded by the promontories 
 of Brownstown and Newtown, the 
 former indicated by two towers, the 
 latter by three, erected for the navi- 
 gation of this dangerous coast. The 
 level beach of the Bay presents a sur- 
 face of about three miles ; and a large 
 ridge of sand, covered with sea bent, 
 extends along its whole length, sepa- 
 rates the back strand of Rineshark 
 from the open coast, and prevents 
 the inroads of the ocean. This tract, 
 which is a complete waste, consists 
 of upwards of 1000 acres, which 
 could be probably reclaimed under 
 judicious management. The tide 
 during strong southerly winds often 
 runs with great velocity up the chan- 
 nel of the stream which enters the 
 eastern end of the Bay. The whole 
 of this coast is remarkably danger- 
 ous. In 1816 a most melancholy 
 shipwreck occurred in Tramore Bay. 
 The Sea Horse transport was driven 
 into it, having the secoud battalion of 
 the 58th Regiment on board, and in 
 the open day, the vessel struck, went 
 to pieces, and 289 men and 73 women 
 and children perished in presence of 
 thousands on the beach, who could 
 render no assistance. A monument 
 recording this appalling loss of life is 
 in Tramore churchyard, erected by 
 the surviving officers of the Regiment. 
 This dreadful wreck occurred at mid- 
 day of the 30th of January, and as it 
 was low water at the time every chance 
 of escape was utterly hopeless on such 
 a coast. The vessel struck on the 
 sands between Tramore and the farth- 
 est end of the Rabbit- burrow. The 
 only persons saved were four officers, 
 25 privates, and three seamen ; in all, 
 32. The gallant corps who met with 
 this untimely fate were part of the 
 Army from France after the General 
 Peace. About a mile from the town 
 is the residence of Newtown, and on 
 the east bank of the Back Strand is 
 Summerville, the marine villa of Earl 
 Fortescue. The ruins of Don-Isle 
 Castle are three miles distant. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2224. 
 
 TRAWEENAGH BAY, a Bay on 
 774 
 
 TR1 
 
 the north-west coast of Donegal, near 
 that of Gweebarra, south of the Ar- 
 ran Islands. The shores of both these 
 Bays are peculiarly desolate and re- 
 pulsive, and the land has a most de- 
 sert aspect. 
 
 TRILLICK, a village near Irvines- 
 town, in the county of Tyrone, four 
 Irish miles from Enniskillen, on the 
 road to Pettigoe. Fairs are held here 
 on the 14th of every month and on the 
 26th of December. 
 
 TRIM, a parish, vicarage, and coun- 
 ty town of Meath, in the Baronies of 
 Lower Moyfenragh and Upper Navan, 
 and Diocese of Meath, is situated on 
 the Boyne, in a level, fertile, and po- 
 pulous district, 22£ Irish miles from 
 Dublin by Black Bull, aud six miles 
 from Athboy. This town is of con- 
 siderable antiquity, was walled, and 
 contained several religious houses. 
 It was the seat of one of those small 
 Bishoprics which latterly merged into 
 the present See of Meath. St Patrick 
 is said to have founded the Abbey for 
 Canons - Regular here in A.D. 432, 
 and his nephew, Loman, was the first 
 Bishop. The steeple of a subsequent 
 edifice, called the Yellow' Tower, was 
 demolished by Cromwell, against 
 whom a small garrison held out a 
 considerable time. The foundation 
 of the Grey Friary, or Observantine 
 Monastery of Trim, is variously as- 
 cribed to King John and to one of the 
 Plunket Family. Near the Athboy 
 Gate stood the Dominican Friary, 
 founded by Geoffry de Geneville, Lord 
 of Meath, and the Priory of the Cross- : 
 Bearers was a magnificent edifice. 
 Here is also an old building called the j 
 Greek church. Many ruins of these 
 edifices still remain. The Castle of 
 Trim, formerly the occasional retreat i 
 of the Lord- Lieutenant, built by the 
 English after their first invasion of j 
 Ireland, and the residence of King 
 John, was the largest^ finest, and most 
 important of the numerous fortresses 
 erected within the Pale. The ruins 
 occupy an elevated site on the banks 
 of the Boyne, and their extent and ar- 
 chitecture render them a striking ob 
 
TRI 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 TRI 
 
 ject, presenting a remarkable contrast 
 to the County Prison opposite, which 
 is a spacious and prominent struc- 
 ture. The history of Trim is almost 
 one of repeated burnings and pillag- 
 ings, from the time it is stated to have 
 been taken and destroyed by the Irish 
 Chieftain Connor O’Melaghlin in 1108, 
 to its surrender to Cromwell in 1649. 
 In the Civil War of 1642 the Confe- 
 derated Roman Catholics were ex- 
 pelled, and the town was garrisoned 
 by the Parliamentarians under Sir 
 Charles Ccote. When this leader 
 was killed the Royalists obtained pos- 
 session, and held it till 1619, but 
 they evacuated it at the approach of 
 Cromwell, intimidated by the mas- 
 sacre of the garrison of Drogheda. 
 At the conquest of this part of Ire- 
 land by the English, the town was 
 conferred, with the rest of the county, 
 on Hugh de Lacy, who made it a 
 free borough, and his son Walter 
 gave it a charter of incorporation. 
 As the seat of the possessions of the 
 De Lacy family, Trim obtained consi- 
 derable importance, and several of 
 the early Irish Parliaments were here 
 held. 
 
 Trim is very irregularly built, but 
 it contains many good houses, and the 
 environs are pleasant. The bridge 
 over the river i3 an old structure. 
 The parish church is modern, except 
 the tower, which is of great antiqui- 
 ty. The County Court House is a 
 neat edifice, but the other municipal 
 offices, hospitals, schools, Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel, and various institutions 
 peculiar to county towns, are not re- 
 markable as buildings. On a rising 
 ground, near the Infantry Barrack, is 
 a handsome Corinthian column, erect- 
 ed by subscription to commemorate 
 the military achievements of the Duke 
 of Wellington, the site of whose birth- ! 
 place, at Dangan Castle, is three miles 
 north of the town, on the cross-road 
 to Summerhill. The pillar is sur- 
 mounted by a statue of the illustrious 
 Duke. Trim is the head-quarters of 
 the constabulary police, the residence 
 of the inspecting magistrate, the seat 
 
 I 
 
 of the assizes, and of the quarter- ses- 
 sions. The weekly market is on Sa- 
 turday, and five annual fairs are held; 
 but the town has been declining for 
 several years, has no trade or manu- 
 factures, and presents, on the whole, 
 an impoverished appearance. At the 
 weekly markets, however, consider- 
 able quantities of agricultural produce 
 from the surrounding district are sold. 
 The Corporation consists of the Port- 
 reeve, Burgesses, and Freemen, with- 
 out restriction as to the numbers of 
 the two latter. The Commons are 
 divided into lots, and held for life by 
 Burgesses and Freemen. The landed 
 property and the other burgage es- 
 tates are worth between L.700 and 
 L.800 per annum. Trim formerly re- 
 turned tw o members to the Irish Par- 
 liament, but was disfranchised at the 
 Union. The environs of the town are 
 fertile, beautiful, and in comparative- 
 ly good cultivation. Among the farm 
 villas to the west are Roristown, Boyne 
 Lodge, Harcourt Lodge, Lodge Brook, 
 Foxbrook, and Doolistown. Ginnet’s 
 House adjoins the lands of Dangan; 
 and in the other direction are Knights- 
 brook, Rock Lodge, and Frefans. Near 
 Knightsbrook is the rectory house of 
 Laracor (see Laracor), with a frag- 
 ment of Stella’s house. Population 
 ofthetownin 1831,3282; of the parish, 
 6926. 
 
 TRIMLESTOWN, a parochial cha- 
 pelry, two miles from Trim, in the 
 Barony of Upper Navan, county and 
 Diocese of Meath. The old seat of 
 Lord Trimlestown is on the banks 
 of the Boyne, on the road from 
 Trim to Athboy. Sir Robert Barne- 
 wall, Knight, descended from the 
 Barnewalls of Crickstown Castle, 
 county of Meath, was created Baron 
 Trimlestown, in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land, by Edward IV. in 1461. His son 
 Christopher, second Lord, obtained a 
 pardon for his connection with the 
 treason of Lambert Simnel. . Mat- 
 thias, eighth Lord, was excepted from 
 pardon by Cromwell, and his estates 
 were sequestrated, but he regained a 
 considerable part of his property after 
 
TRO 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TUA 
 
 the Restoration. His son and two 
 grandsons, ninth, tenth, and eleventh 
 Lords, were not acknowledged as such 
 by law, and were devoted adherents of 
 King James. Thomas, thirteenth Ba- 
 ron, had a confirmation of the dignity 
 in 1795. 
 
 TRINITY ISLAND, a beautiful 
 island in Lough Key, county of Ros- 
 common, connected with the de- 
 mesne of Rockingham, the splen- 
 did seat of Lord Viscount Lorton, 
 near the town of Boyle. It contains 
 some romantic ruins. 
 
 TRISTERNAGH, a townland in 
 the parish of Kilbixy, county of West- 
 meath, on the banks of Lough Iron. 
 A beautiful Priory was founded here 
 for Canons-Regular by Geoffrey de 
 Constantine, one of the early English 
 adventurers. Here is the old seat of 
 Tristernagh Abbey (Piers, Bart.), and 
 adjoining is the fine mansion of Ba- 
 ronstown. The ruins of Tristernagh 
 Abbey were visible till 1783, when 
 they were totally destroyed. Near 
 ! the site are the remains of the chapel 
 of Templecross, memorable as the 
 place where the corp-naomh , or blessed 
 body, a relic of extraordinary sanctity, 
 was found. The relic consists of a 
 small wooden box, about the size of a 
 pocket Bible, having brass clasps, 
 studded with valuable stones, and 
 marked with a crucifix. Its contents, 
 if any, are unknown, and no hand has 
 I been found of nerve sufficient to force 
 it open. It is used as a test of evi- 
 dence, and an oath on the corp-viaomh 
 is considered of peculiar solemnity, 
 which, if given in support of false- 
 hood, is sure to be visited in some 
 dreadful manner on the guilty per- 
 son. When any one wishes his state- 
 ments to be received with implicit 
 confidence, he avers its truth by the 
 corp-naomh that “ arose” at the Tem- 
 plecross. 
 
 TROREY, a parish and curacy in 
 the Baronies of Lurg and Maghera- 
 bog, county of Fermanagh, and Dio- 
 cese of Clogher, on Lough Erne. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 2012. Post-town, 
 Enniskillen. 
 
 TROSTAN, a mountain which rises 
 1810 feet, near Cushendal, county of 
 Antrim. 
 
 TROUGH, a Barony of the county 
 of Monaghan, comprising the north 
 part of that county, and divided into 
 tw'o extensive and populous parishes. 
 
 TRUBLY, or Tubberville, a small 
 parish and rectory in the Barony of 
 Lower Deece, county and Diocese of ! 
 Meath, on the Boyne. Post-town, 
 Trim. 
 
 TKTJGHENACKMY, a Barony of 
 the county of Kerry, divided into 
 twenty parishes, and containing seve- 
 ral towns and villages. 
 
 TRYADD, a locality in the county ; 
 of Londonderry, at which a fair is , 
 held on the 5th of July. 
 
 TRY VET, or Trevrt, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, with a village of 
 its name, in the Baronies of Ratoath 
 and Skreene, county and Diocese of 
 Meath. Population in 1831, 418. Post- 
 town, Dunshaughlin. 
 
 TUAM, formerly an Archbishop- 
 ric, the Suffragans of which were El- 
 phin, Clonfert, Kilmacduagh, Killala, 
 andAclionry. The Bishopric of Tuam 
 was founded in the sixth century 
 by St Jarlath, who is said to have died 
 in A.D. 540, and was succeeded by 
 some regular Milesian prelates, such 
 as Ferdomnach, Eugene Macclerig, 
 Muschad O’Nioc, Aid O’Horsin, and 
 others. The See was constituted 
 Archiepiscopal in 1152, the Bishopric 
 of Annaghdown was annexed in 1324, 
 that of Mayo in 1559, and that of Ar- 
 dagh in 1742. The Diocese is the 
 largest in Ireland, comprehending i 
 parts of the counties of Roscommon, 
 Mayo, and Galway, extending 70 miles j 
 in length by an average breadth of 
 63 miles, including 80 parishes. The 
 Chapter consists of the Dean, Provost, 
 Archdeacon, and eight Prebendaries, , 
 exclusive of five Stipendaries for the j 
 choir. By the Act of 1833 the Arch- j 
 diocese of Tuam was reduced to a j 
 Bishopric, but it is still Archiepisco- I 
 pal in the Roman Catholic division. 
 The first Archbishop of Tuam was 
 Edan O’Horsin, aud the last Arch- 
 
TUA 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 bishop of the Established Church, 
 was the Hon. Power-le-Poer Trench, 
 D.D., brother of Richard, second Earl 
 of Clancarty, consecrated Bishop of 
 Waterford in 1802, translated to El- 
 phin in 1810, and to the Archiepisco- 
 pal See of Tuam in 1819. His Grace, 
 who was a pious, exemplary, and 
 learned Prelate, died at the Palace of 
 Tuam in March 1839, in the 68th year of 
 his age, universally and deeply regret- 
 ted. His successor as Bishop of Tu- 
 am is the Hon. Thomas Plunket, 
 D.D., son of Lord Plunket, for seve- 
 ral years Lord Chancellor of Ireland. 
 The See lands include 49,281 acres, 
 and the income of the Sees of Tuam, 
 Killala, arid Achonry, all under one 
 Diocesan, is given at L.5000. 
 
 TUAM, a thriving and well-built 
 town in the Baronies of Clare and 
 Donaghmore, county of Galway, the 
 parish of which is a rectory and vicar- 
 age. The episcopal city of Tuam is 
 100 Irish miles from Dublin, and 
 12 miles from Ballinasloe by Ahas- 
 cragh and Castle- Blakeney, in a low 
 but healthy situation, on a rivulet 
 which discharges itself into the Tur- 
 loughmore lake in the vicinity. An 
 Abbey is said to have been founded 
 here in A. D. 487 ; a Cathedral was 
 built by St Jarlath in the sixth cen- 
 tury, and a Priory by O’Conor, King 
 of Connaught, in 1140. All these re- 
 ligious edifices and several others 
 were destroyed by fire in 1244. The 
 reputed remains of St Jarlath were 
 long preserved in a chapel called Te - 
 ampul-na- Serin, or the Chapel of the 
 Shrine , of which no vestige now re- 
 mains. It appears that the Priory of 
 St John the Baptist was subsequent- 
 ly granted to Richard, Earl of Clan- 
 ricarde. The Abbey of the Holy 
 Trinity was founded by one of the De 
 Burgh Family for Praemontratensian 
 Canons, either in the reign of King 
 John or of Henry IH. When Edan 
 O’Hoisin, the first Archbishop, died 
 in 1162, O’ Conor, King of Connaught, 
 built a castle of stone at Tuam, which 
 was considered such an extraordinary 
 edifice that it was called the Wonder - 
 777 
 
 ful Castle; not, as is generally sup- 
 posed, because it was the first stone 
 edifice of the kind erected in Ireland, 
 but on account of its novel construc- 
 tion and great strength. From the 
 small remains of it which recently ex- 
 isted, it was built in the Norman fa- 
 shion of the time, and consisted of a 
 strong keep with an extensive court- I 
 yard, surrounded by outworks, with 
 towers at the angles, and protected by 
 a deep fosse, into which the water of 
 the adjacent stream was forced to 
 flow. This King Conor also re-edified 
 the Cathedral. The Stone Cross of 
 Tuam, a dilapidated and neglected 
 monument, is considered to be one of 
 the finest specimens of its kind in Ire- 
 land. The present Cathedral of the 
 Established Church is a small ancient 
 structure with a steeple and spire ; 
 but the Roman Catholic Cathedral is 
 a splendid Gothic fabric, and is one of 
 the finest modern churches in Ire- 
 land, chiefly erected by the exertions 
 of the celebrated Dr M‘Hale, the titu- 
 lar Archbishop of Tuam. Connected 
 with the Roman Catholic Cathedral is 
 the College of St Jarlath, an elegant 
 building, formerly occupied by Messrs 
 French and Co. as a Bank. The re- 
 sidence of the titular Archbishop near I 
 St Jarlath’s College is an elegant man- ! 
 sion, and the Diocesan Palace of the | 
 Bishop of Tuam is plain and commo- ■ 
 dious, in the centre of an improved 
 demesne, the plantations of which 
 greatly ornament the city. The 
 Market House occupies the centre of 
 the town, from which diverge four 
 broad avenues, and there are several 
 minor streets. The other public 
 buildings are a Barrack, Dispensary, 
 and two spacious Inns. The Dioces- 
 an School occupies an advantageous 
 site near the entrance to the town 
 from the Dublin road, and is a hand- 
 some edifice ; the Free School con- 
 sists of 210 boys and 140 girls; and a 
 school for a limited number of pupils 
 is supported by the London Hiberni- 
 an Society. The fashionable prome- 
 nade called the Mall is adorned with 
 several elegant private residences, and 
 
tub the gazetteer tul 
 
 altogether Tuam is greatly improved 
 by the widening of the streets, though 
 there is still much squalid poverty 
 prevalent in many parts and in the 
 outlets. The city is a great thorough- 
 fare, carries on a considerable retail 
 trade, and large quantities of agricul- 
 tural produce are sold at the weekly 
 1 markets. Here are an extensive 
 | brewery, several tan-yards, flour-mills, 
 and very successful manufactures of 
 linen and coarse canvass. Two week- 
 ly newspapers were published in 1842, 
 and the town contains aBranch of the 
 National Bank of Ireland. The coun- 
 try round Tuam is flat and bleak, and 
 contains several winter accumulations 
 of water called Thurloughs. In the 
 vicinity of the most northerly of these 
 lakes, on which boat-races are held 
 during winter, and horse-races on 
 their beds during summer, are the 
 residences of Ballinderry and Coro- 
 fin. The Corporation of Tuam con- 
 sists of the Sovereign and Burgesses. 
 Population in 1831, 6883. 
 
 TUAM. See Clare-Tuam. 
 
 TUBBER, a parochial curacy in 
 the Barony of Upper Talbotstown, 
 county and Archdiocese of Dublin, 
 three miles from Blessington. 
 j TUBBERAHEENA, a village in 
 
 the parish of Inisnoloughty, county 
 of Tipperary, three miles from Clon- 
 mel. 
 
 TUBBERBRACHEN, a village 
 in the parish of Kilcroan, county of 
 Galway, near the post-town of 
 Athenry. 
 
 TUBBERCURRY, a large village 
 in the parish of Achonry, county of 
 Sligo, at which several fairs are held, 
 near the post-town of Colorney. 
 
 TUBBERERAGHT, a parish, rec- 
 tory, and village of its name, in the 
 Barony of Inchiquin, county of Clare, 
 and Diocese of Ivillaloe. Post-town, 
 Ennis. 
 
 TUBBERMORE, a small town in 
 the parish of Kilcronaghan, county 
 of Londonderry, five miles from 
 Magherafelt. Fairs are held here on 
 the second Monday of each month. 
 Population in 1831, 679. 
 
 778 
 
 TUBRID, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Iverk, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Ossory. Post- 
 town, Knocktopher. 
 
 TUBRID, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, in the united Baronies of 
 Iffa and Offa, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Lismore, the rectory 
 forming the corps of the Deanery. 
 Population in 1831, 4550. Post-town, 
 Cahir. 
 
 TUBRIDBRITAIN, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of Cranagh, 
 county of Kilkenny, and Diocese of 
 Ossory. Population in 1831, 556. 
 Post-town, Freshford. 
 
 TUCKER (LOUGH), a small lake 
 in the county of Cavan, near the vil- 
 lage of Cootehill, the waters of which 
 and of Lough Bawn form the com- 
 mencement of the Annalee tributary 
 of Lough Erne. 
 
 TULL AGH, a Barony of the county 
 of Clare, divided into sixteen pa- 
 rishes. 
 
 TULLAGH, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of its name, constitut- 
 ing the corps of a Prebend in the Ca- 
 thedral of Killaloe. The village of 
 Tullagh, or Tulla, is on the road 
 from Broadford to Ennis, and in its 
 vicinity are some small lakes. Se- 
 veral fairs are held. Population in 
 1831, 7514. 
 
 TULLAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of West Car- 
 bery, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Ross, on Baltimore Bay. Popula- 
 tion in 1831,3422. Post-town, Skib- , 
 bereen. 
 
 TULLAGHA, a Barony of the 
 county of Cavan, divided into five pa- 
 rishes. 
 
 TULLAGHALLAN. SeeTuLLY- ! 
 
 ALLEN. 
 
 TULLAGHAN, a small village a 
 short distance beyond that of Bun- 
 drowes, county of Donegal, near the ! 
 debouch of the Drowes river into Do- 
 negal Bay. 
 
 TULLA GHANOGUE, a small pa- | 
 rochial curacy in the Barony of Lower 1 
 Navan, county and Diocese of Meath, j 
 Post-town, Trim. 
 
TUL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 TUL 
 
 TULLAGHBIGLEY, or Tullogh- 
 begley, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the Barony of Kilmacrenan, 
 county of Donegal, and Diocese of 
 Raphoe, on the sea coast, and includ- 
 ing three inhabited islands. Near the 
 village of Falcarragh, on the dreary 
 shores of Ballyness Bay, are the pa- 
 rish church, glebe, and Roman Ca- 
 tholic chapel. This parish is divided 
 for civic purposes into East and 
 West Tullaghbigley. Population in 
 1831, 8464. Post-town, Dunfanaghy. 
 
 TULLAGIIBRACKEY, a parish, 
 entire rectory and corps of a Prebend, 
 in the Barony of Coshma, county and 
 Diocese of Limerick. Post-town, 
 Bruff. 
 
 TULLAGHERIN, also Tullow- 
 herix, a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 the rectory forming the corps of the 
 Precentorship, in the Barony of Gow- 
 ran, county of Kilkenny, and Diocese 
 of Ossory. Here is an ancient pillar 
 tower, having eight small windows in 
 the highest storey. Population in 
 1831, 895. Post-town, Gowran. 
 
 TULL AGHLE ASH, also Tulli- 
 leash, a parish, vicarage, and village 
 of its name, in the Barony of Duhal- 
 low, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne, on the Allow stream. Post- 
 town, Charleville. 
 
 TULLAGHMAIN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Shillelogher, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory. Population in 
 1831, 435. Post-town, Callan. 
 
 TULLAGHMAIN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Middlethird, county of Tipperary, 
 and Diocese of Cashel. Population 
 in 1831, 503. Post-town, Fethard. 
 
 TULLAGHNISKIN, also Tullan- 
 iskin, a parish and rectory in the Ba- 
 rony of Dungannon, county of Ty- 
 rone, and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 Population in 1831, 4102. Post-town, 
 Dungannon. See Coal Island. 
 
 TULLAGHONOHO, a Barony of 
 the county of Cavan, divided into two 
 parishes. 
 
 TULLAGHORTON, a parish, rec- 
 tory (constituting the corps of a Pre- 
 779 
 
 bend) and vicarage, in the united Ba- 
 ronies of Iffa and Offa, county of Tip- 
 perary, and Diocese of Cashel. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 1965. Post-town, 
 Clogheen. 
 
 TULL AMOR F, the principal and 
 assize town of King’s County, partly 
 in the parish of Kilbride, and Diocese 
 of Meath, is 46± Irish miles from 
 Dublin, by Enfield, Edenderry, and 
 Philipstown, and 18 Irish miles from 
 Birr by Frankford. It is situated 
 in the centre of the Bog of Allen, on 
 the Tullamore stream, and is the 
 chief town on the Grand Canal. A 
 conflagration destroyed most of the 
 mean huts of which it formerly con- 
 sisted, and th e enterprising inhabitants : 
 have since taken advantage of the i 
 Grand Canal to make it the empo- | 
 rium of a very considerable inland 
 trade. The passage and other boats 
 to Ballinasloe and Limerick from 
 Dublin touch at Tullamore, and there 
 is daily communication with that city 
 by swift iron boats. The distance 
 from the town to Dublin is 45 Irish 
 miles, and cars can be procured to all 
 parts of the country. The principal 
 buildings are the very elegant parish 
 church, Roman Catholic chapel, some 
 Dissenting meeting-houses, Market- 
 House, County Infirmary and Dis- 
 pensary, the Jail and Court-House, in 
 the Grecian and castellated styles, on 
 a raised platform at the west end of 
 the town, and the Barracks. The 
 assizes and general quarter-sessions 
 are held in the town. Here are a 
 large distillery and brewery, extensive 
 corn stores, several other works, and 
 cotton and linen manufactures. Great 
 quantities of provisions and agricul- 
 tural produce are forwarded by the 
 Grand Canal to Dublin, and the aver- 
 age sales of grain for each of the ten 
 years preceding 1836 were — wheat, 
 45,000 barrels of 26 stone ; oats, 35,000 
 barrels of 16 stone ; barley, 20,000 bar- 
 rels of 16 stone per barrel. The 
 streets are wide and regularly built, 
 and contain many good shops and sub- 
 stantial private houses, while the en- 
 virons are ornamented by neat cot- 
 
TUL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TUL 
 
 tages and villas. The public Schools 
 also deserve a distinct notice. These 
 are the endowed Classical School, 
 the Poor School, supported by the 
 Charleville Family, and the School 
 maintained by subscriptions and*do- 
 nations, for the education of the poor 
 children of the parish ; hut there are 
 several others. Tullamore is greatly 
 indebted to the munificence of the 
 proprietor, the Earl of Charleville, 
 whose demesne of Charleville Forest 
 is adjoining. The mansion is a large 
 modern edifice, from a design of F. 
 Johnstone, Esq., President of the 
 Royal Hibernian Academy, and 
 though the surface of the demesne is 
 flat, the plantations are judiciously 
 disposed, and the pleasure-grounds, 
 which are open to the inhabitants, 
 are most extensive and beautiful. 
 This demesne is watered by the Clo- 
 dagh. Durrow Abbey, the seat of 
 the Earl of Norbury, is three miles 
 from the town, on the Kilbeggan road. 
 On the banks of the canal, close to 
 the town, are the ruins of Shragh 
 Castle. Tullamore gives the title of 
 Baron to the Earl of Charleville. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 6342. 
 
 TULLAVIN, also Tullivin and 
 Tullyvin, a village in the parish of 
 Kildrumsherdan, county of Cavan, 
 near Cootehill. Here is a school for 
 60 Protestant children, endowed with 
 L.4000 for its maintenance by the late 
 Mr Moore of Tullavin. Fairs are 
 held on the 7th of March, 4th of May, 
 5th of July, 26th of August, and 11th 
 of December. 
 
 TULLOGHAAN BAY is a branch 
 of Blacksod Bay, on the coast of 
 Kerry, opposite Achill Island, and re- 
 ceives the Owenmore and Strana- 
 raonragh streams. At the mouth of 
 the latter is a valuable salmon-fishing, 
 the lessee of which resides in Grey 
 Lodge, a short distance above Tullog- 
 haan Ferry. The scenery here is wild 
 and solitary, diversified by the Bally- 
 croy Mountains, and in this quarter 
 are the ruins of Doona Castle, said to 
 have been built by the celebrated 
 Grace O’Malley, dignified with the 
 780 
 
 title of Queen of the West. The 
 ferry of Tulloghaan is about a mile 
 broad. 
 
 TULLOGHANEBROGE,or Grove, 
 a parish and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Shillogher, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory, forming part 
 of the corps of the Chancellorship. 
 Population in 1831, 620. Post-town, 
 Kilkenny. 
 
 TULLOGHBEGLEY. See Tul- 
 
 LAGHBEGLEY. 
 
 TULLOGHMELAN, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, forming part of the 
 corps of the Treasurership, in the 
 united Baronies of Iffa and Offa, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Lismore, near the Suir. Population 
 in 1831, 1100. Post-town, Clonmel. 
 
 TULLOGHOR, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, forming part of the 
 corps of the Precentorship, on the 
 upper half of the Barony of Dunluce, 
 county of Antrim, and Diocese of 
 Connor, adjacent to Ballymoney. 
 
 TULLOW, a small post-town in 
 the parish of Tullowphelim, which is 
 a rectory and vicarage in the Barony 
 of Rathvilly, county of Carlow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. The town is 38 
 Irish miles from Dublin by Tallaght, 
 Blessington, and Baltinglass ; and 32 
 Irish miles from Wexford, by New- 
 townbarry and Enniscorthy, on the 
 Slaney river, which is here crossed 
 by an elegant stone bridge. This is 
 an improving town, containing the 
 parish church, a Roman Catholic 
 chapel, a Nunnery, a Court-House 
 and Market- House. The parish 
 church is adorned by a tower, and 
 the Roman Catholic chapel by a neat 
 spire. Tullow has a good corn mar- 
 ket, an extensive brewery, and some 
 large flour-mills on the Slaney. The 
 market day is Saturday, and fairs are 
 held in April, July, October, and No- 
 vember. The Castle of Tullow was 
 held out obstinately against Crom- 
 well, by whom it was taken and dis- 
 mantled, but it was subsequently re- 
 built, and used as a Barrack. The 
 vicinity of the town is in good culti- 
 vation, and the small farm-houses are 
 
TUL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 TUL 
 
 neat and comfortable in appearance. 
 Population in 1831, 1929 ; of parish, 
 2587. 
 
 TULLOWCRINE, a parochial im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 West Idrone, county of Carlow, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. Population in 
 1831, 1348. Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 TULLOWLEG, a parochial endow- 
 ed chapelry in the Barony of Rath- 
 villy, on the Slaney, connected with 
 the town and parish of Tullow. 
 
 TULLOWMAGRINAH, or Thu- 
 magurna, a parish and rectory in the 
 Barony of Catherlough, county of 
 Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin, 
 near the Burrin stream. Population 
 in 1831, 1109. Post-town, Carlow. 
 
 TULLOWMOY, a parish and rec- 
 tory in the Baronies of Ballyadams 
 ar.d Stradbally, Queen’s County, and 
 Diocese of Leighlin. Population in 
 1831, 1527. Post-town, Stradbally. 
 
 TULLY, a parish and curacy, in 
 the Half Barony of Rathdown, county 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1385. Post-town, Dub- 
 lin. See Cabinteely and Carrick- 
 mines. 
 
 TULLY, a small village in the 
 county of Galway, which has a conve- 
 nient inn for tourists visiting Ren- 
 vyle and the Killery Harbour. 
 
 TULLY, a parochial district in the 
 Baronies of East Ophaly and Kilcul- 
 len, county and Diocese of Kildare. 
 Population in 1831, 1065. Post-town, 
 Kildare. 
 
 TULLYALLEN, a parish and im- 
 propriate curacy in the Barony of 
 Ferrard, county of Louth, and Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh, in the neighbour- 
 hood of the town of Drogheda. 
 
 TULLY BAY, a bay of Lough 
 Erne, on which are the ruins of Tully 
 Castle, county of Fermanagh. 
 
 TULLYBRACKEY, a parish, rec- 
 tory and corps of a Prebend, chiefly 
 in the Barony of Small County, coun- 
 ty and Diocese of Limerick. Here is 
 Rockbarton, the elegant seat of Lord 
 Guillamore. Population in 1831, 1774. 
 Post-town, Bruff. 
 
 TULLYCORBET, a parish, rec- 
 781 
 
 I tory and vicarage, and corps of a Pre- 
 bend, in the Baronies of Monaghan and 
 Cremorne, county of Monaghan, and 
 Diocese of Clogher. Population in 
 1831, 4833. Post-town, Ballybay. 
 
 TULLYHOG, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Desartcreaght, county of Ty- 
 rone, \vithin three miles of Cooks- 
 town. 
 
 TULLYLISH, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Lower 
 Iveagh, county of Down, and Diocese 
 of Dromore, on the Bann river. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 10,501. See Gilford. 
 
 TULLYMORE, also Grace's Pa- 
 rish , a parish, rectory and vicarage, 
 with a village of its name, in the Ba- 
 rony of Cranagh, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory. Here are the 
 ruins of an old church, and of Grace’s 
 chapel. Post-town, Kilkenny. 
 
 TULLYNAKILL, a parish and vi- 
 carage in the Barony of Castlereagh, 
 county and Diocese of Down, on 
 Lough Strangford, comprising three 
 of its inhabited islands. Population 
 in 1831, 1386. Post-town, Comber. 
 
 TULLYRISK, a parish and vicar- 
 age in the upper half of the Barony 
 of Massareene, county of Antrim, and 
 Diocese of Connor. Population in 
 1831, 2360. Post-town, Glenavy. 
 
 TULSK, an ancient village in the 
 parish of Ogulla, county of Roscom- 
 mon, upwards of five Irish miles from 
 Strokestown, and eight miles from 
 French-Park, on a stream crossed by 
 a bridge. This poor straggling place, 
 which, when Mr Weld visited it, con- 
 tained only one small whisky shop, 
 actually returned two Members to 
 the Irish Parliament before the Union. 
 The ruins of Tulsk Abbey are a short 
 distance from the bridge, in an exten- 
 sive cemetery. The walls of the 
 church and of some of the out-build- 
 ings are still standing, but the only 
 portion which attracts notice is on 
 the side next the bridge, where two 
 pointed arches, inserted in a massive 
 wall, and resting on an intermedi- 
 ate round pillar, are in good pre- 
 servation, and of skilful workman- 
 ship. The stone casings of the east 
 3 u 
 
TUO 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TWO 
 
 window are entire, but the mullions 
 had either fallen out or have been 
 carried off. Little is known of the 
 history of this Abbey, which is sup- 
 posed to be of the fifteenth century, 
 and the property of the Dominicans. 
 The Castle of Tulsk is alleged to 
 have been built by O’Conner Roe, in 
 1406, and was garrisoned by the Earl 
 of Kildare. It is mentioned in Mory- 
 son’s Itinerary as a strong fortalice, | 
 and was oneof the five principal castles 
 of Roscommon, in the reign of Eliza- 
 beth. “ The country in the vicinity of 
 Tulsk,” says Mr Weld, “ is reported to 
 contain some of the richest pastures 
 in this fertile part of Ireland. The 
 farms are considerable, from 300 acres 
 Irish — a quantity of land very com- 
 monly held by a single individual, up 
 to 1000 acres and more. The best 
 feeding lands lie high and dry, and 
 both sheep and bullocks are fed by 
 principally the latter.” Fairs are held 
 at Tulsk on the Friday before Whit- 
 sunday, 16th of April, 1st of June, and 
 18th of August. 
 
 TUMNA, or Toemonia, a parish 
 and rectory in the Barony of Boyle, 
 county of Roscommon, and Diocese of 
 Elphin, constituting part of the corps 
 of the Prebend of Kilcooley. It ex- 
 tends along the Shannon opposite Bat- 
 tle-bridge, in Leitrim county, between 
 that river and Lough Key on the west. 
 A monastery for the Dominicans was- 
 founded here by O’Conor, every ves- 
 tige of which has disappeared, but 
 there are still some remains of O’ Co- 
 nor’s Castle. Population in 1831, 4453. 
 Post-town, Carrick-on-Shannon. 
 
 TUMORE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Barony of Corran, county of 
 Sligo, and Diocese of Achonry. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 3395. Post-town, 
 Ballymote. 
 
 TUNNY QUIN, a hamlet near Tulsk, 
 county of Roscommon. 
 
 TUOSIST, a parish and entire rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Glanerought, 
 county of Kerry, and united Diocese 
 of Ardfert and Aghadoe, on the Ken- 
 mare River. Population in 1831, 6376. 
 Post-town, Kenmare. 
 
 782 | 
 
 TURLOUGH, or Turlow, a parish, 
 rectory and vicarage, and village of 
 its name, in the Barony of Carragh, 
 county of Mayo, and Diocese of Tuam . 
 Fairs are held at the village, which is 
 five miles from Castlebar, in May, 
 June, August, and December. In 
 this parish is a valuable black marble 
 quarry : also an ancient pillar tower. 
 Population in 1831, 6949. 
 
 TURRYGLASS BAY, an arm of 
 the Lough Derg expansion of the 
 Shannon, within three miles of the 
 small town of Borris-o-kane. 
 
 TUR VE Y, a small village two miles 
 from Swords, in the county of Dublin, 
 on the road to Balbriggan, aud at the 
 head of the little estuary of Portrane 
 is Turvey House, the seat of Lord 
 Trimlestown. Portrane House and 
 the mansion of Newbridge are on the 
 point of land formed by the estuaries 
 of Portrane and Malahide. 
 
 TUSC AN’ S-PASS, a village in the 
 parish of Donaghmore, county of 
 Down, or county of Armagh, about 
 five miles from Ne wry, on the eastern 
 side of the Bann, where was formerly 
 a rugged pass between the counties 
 of Down and Armagh. Fairs are 
 held on the 20tli of April and 8th of 
 November. 
 
 TUSKAR ISLAND, an island in 
 St George’s Channel, off the coast of 
 Wexford, five miles from the mainland. 
 The dangerous Tuskar Rocks are in j 
 this quarter. A Lighthouse is erect- 
 ed on Tuskar Island, and in foggy 
 weather two warning bells are rung. 
 The Tuskar Lighthouse, one of the 
 most useful, as it is one of the most 
 substantial works of the kind on the 
 Irish coast, was begun in 1813, and 
 finished in 1815. The beacon consists 
 of 21 argand lamps acting on reflec- 
 tors, having seven lamps presenting 
 one light every two minutes, and 
 seven of the 21 lamps displaying a 
 deep red light every six minutes. 
 The Tuskar Island is also a signal sta- 
 tion. 
 
 TWELVE PINS. See Binabola. 
 
 TWO-MILE-BRIDGE, a village 
 on the Suir,in the parish of Clonmel, 
 
TYR 
 
 TYR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 county of Tipperary, about four miles 
 from Clonmel. 
 
 TWO-MILE-BRIDGE, a village 
 on the Brickey stream, in the parish 
 of Dungarvan, county of Waterford. 
 
 TYDAVNET, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony and coun- 
 ty of Monaghan, and Diocese of 
 Clogher, full of lakes, and abounding 
 with extensive tracts of bog and moun- 
 tain. Here are several residences, 
 and fairs are regularly held in the vil- 
 lages of Scotstown and Tydavnet. 
 Population in 1831, 11.352. 
 
 TYERBOY, or Tierboy, a village 
 in the immediate vicinity of the city 
 of Tuam, county of Galway. 
 
 TYFERNAN, a parish and curacy 
 in the Barony of Corkaree, county of 
 Westmeath, and Diocese of Meath, 
 six miles from Mullingar. 
 
 TYMOLE, a small parish and rec- 
 tory in the Barony of Skreene, county 
 and Diocese of Meath. Post-tow n, 
 Slane. 
 
 TYNAGH, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Baronies of Longford 
 and Leitrim, county of Galway, and 
 Diocese of Tuam. The district is 
 in good cultivation, and is ornamented 
 by several country seats. Lead ore 
 is found in the vicinity, and there are 
 extensive flour-mills. Population in 
 1831, 5670. Post-town, Portumna. 
 
 TYNAN, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, and corps of a Prebend, in 
 the Baronies of Turaney and Armagh, 
 county and Archdiocese of Armagh. 
 The small village of Tynan is on the 
 road between Monaghan and Tyrone. 
 Near it are Tynan Abbey (Stronge, 
 Bart.), and Bondville, and in the 
 neighbourhood are the residences of 
 Mount Irwin, Woodpark, Fellows 
 Hall, and Dartan. The Ulster Canal 
 and the Blackwater are crossed up- 
 wards of a mile from the village. In 
 this parish are several schools, one of 
 which, for 120 boys and 80 girls, is 
 supported by Archbishop Sterne’s 
 beqirest. Population in 1831, 11,542. 
 
 TYRCONNELL, the ancient name 
 of the south part of Donegal down to 
 the Plantation of Ulster, was the patri- 
 783 
 
 mony of the O’Donnells, whose chief 
 tributaries were the O’Boyles in Boy 
 lagh, and the Rosses, the MacSwines 
 in Bannagh, Rossguil, and Fanad, and 
 theO’Doghertysinlnnishowen. The 
 most distinguished chieftain of Tyr- 
 connell was Hugh O’Donnell, surnam- 
 ed the Red , who was entrapped by Sir 
 John Perrot, and sent prisoner to 
 Dublin as an hostage for the good 
 conduct of bis clan. This caused 
 much hostility against Queen Eliza- 
 beth’s Government in the district. 
 O’Donnell escaped after upwards of 
 three years' confinement, and with 
 much difficulty made his way through 
 the English Pale to Dungannon, the 
 residence of the disaffected Earl of 
 Tyrone, where it is supposed they 
 planned the great Rebellion, which 
 commenced with the attack of the 
 fort of the Blackwater, at the battle 
 of which O’Donnell was present. He 
 next invaded the district of Thomond, 
 now chiefly the county of Clare, which 
 he laid waste ; but soon returned to 
 oppose Sir Henry Dockura, who had 
 seized his Castle of Donegal, and set 
 up his cousin, Niel Garv O’Donnell, 
 who was in the Queen’s interest, as 
 chieftain in his place. After a va- 
 riety of adventures, and sustaining a 
 total defeat when attempting the re- 
 ,lief of the Spanish auxiliaries in Kin- 
 sale, he sailed for Spain to solicit as- 
 sistance from Philip II., and after an 
 year and a half of fruitless negotia- 
 tion, he died of fever at Valladolid, 
 and was interred with royal honours 
 in the church of St Francis. His cousin, 
 Niel Garv O’Donnell, having proved 
 refractory, Rory O’Donnell, another 
 cousin, was promoted to the chief- 
 tainship, and he was created Earl of 
 Tyrconnell and Baron Donegal by 
 letters-patent from James I. in 1603. 
 This caused an ineffectual rebellion on 
 the part of Niel Garv and his allies the 
 MacSwines ; but ini 607, in consequence 
 of aletter having been produced in the 
 Council- Chamber of Dublin Castle, 
 accusing Earl Rory of connection with 
 a conspiracy formed by Tyrone, Ma- 
 guire, and other chiefs, he fled to the 
 
TYR 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 TYR 
 
 Continent. The Earldom, however, 
 was in possession of his family at the 
 Restoration. In 1663, Oliver Viscount 
 Fitzwilliam was created Earl of Tyr- 
 connell, but the Peerage became ex- 
 tinct at his death in 1667. In 1686 
 Richard Talbot was created Earl of 
 Tyrconnell, who, on account of his 
 adherence to James II., was forfeited in 
 1691. He was advanced to the dig- 
 nity of Duke of Tyrconnell by James 
 after his abdication, which was not of 
 course recognised. This Nobleman 
 occupies a distinguished place in the 
 war of the Revolution. He was Lord 
 Lieutenant from 1686 to 1689, when 
 James arrived at Dublin in person. 
 In 1761 the Peerage was revived in 
 favour of George Delaval Carpenter, 
 fourth Baron Carpenter of Killaghy, 
 in the county of Kilkenny, created 
 Earl of Tyrconnell and Viscount Car- 
 lingford. George first Lord Carpen- 
 ter, descended from an ancient family 
 | in Herefordshire, was a distinguished 
 soldier in the reigns of Queen Anne 
 and George I. George third Earl of 
 Tyrconnell entered the Russian ser- 
 vice as a volunteer, impelled by a love 
 of military enterprise, and died from 
 excessive fatigue at Wilna in 1812. 
 
 TYRELLA, a parish and rectory 
 in the Barony of Lecale, county and 
 Diocese of Down, forming part of the 
 corps of the Deanery. It is bounded 
 on the south by the Bay of Dundrum. 
 A rock called the Cow and Calf is at 
 the extremity of a shoal extending a 
 mile from the shore. In the demesne 
 of the fine residence of Tyrella House 
 a curious artificial cave was discovered 
 in 1832. Population in 1831, 1773. 
 Post-town, Downpatrick. 
 
 TYRERAGH, a Barony of the 
 county of Sligo, divided into eight 
 parishes. This district is mountain- 
 ous, and abounds with bogs. 
 
 TYRHUGH, a Barony of the county 
 of Donegal, divided into five parishes, 
 and including the towns of Ballyshan- 
 non, Donegal, and Ballintra. 
 
 TYRKENNEDY, a Barony of the 
 county of Fermanagh, divided into 
 five parishes. 
 
 TYRONE, an inland county of the 
 Province of Ulster, is bounded on the 
 north by the counties of Londonderry 
 and Donegal ; on the east by the 
 county of Armagh and Lough Neagh ; 
 on the south by the counties of Mo- 
 naghan and Fermanagh; and on the 
 west by the latter, and also by Done- 
 gal. The greatest length from east 
 to .west is 63 miles, and the greatest 
 breadth from north to south 46 miles. 
 According to one authority the area 
 is 1 265 square miles, or 806,296 acres, 
 of which 544,000 acres are cultivated, 
 170,000 are unimproved mountain and 
 bog, and 31,796 are covered with wa- 
 ter, part of which is a section of Lough 
 Neagh. Another calculation reduces 
 the area to 1179 square miles, or 
 754,395 English acres, of which 555,820 
 are cultivated, 171,314 are unimproved 
 bog and mountain, and 27,261 are un- 
 der water. It is divided into the 
 Baronies of Clogher, Dungannon, 
 Omagh, and Strabane, comprising 35 
 parishes, 20 of which are in the Arch- 
 diocese of Armagh, 1 1 in that of Derry, 
 and four in Clogher. Previous to the 
 parcelling of the county among the 
 English and Scotish settlers, or“ plant- 
 ers,” by James I., after the flight and 
 attainder of O’Neill, the turbulent 
 Earl of Tyrone, in 1607, the county 
 yvas divided into North and South Ty- 
 rone, but the former was about that 
 period transferred to Londonderry. 
 Omagh is the county town. 
 
 The surface is mostly hilly, with 
 comparatively little level ground. In 
 the north it rises into the mountain 
 range of Sperin, formerly the bound- 
 ary with Londonderry, and the prin- 
 cipal elevations are Mullaghcarn, 
 Straw Mountain, Muinard, and Sa- 
 w-ell. South of these are the lower 
 range of Slievekirk, Slievemore, and 
 Munterlony ; and the mountains 
 south of Clogher form the boundary 
 with Monaghan. The two hills po- 
 pularly designated Bessy Bell and 
 Mary Gray are detached from this 
 main group. The eastern districts 
 are chiefly flat, and decline to Lough 
 Neagh. Several of the valleys are 
 
 784 
 
TYR 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 most romantic, and are so many chan- 
 nels to the minor streams which unit- 
 ed form the Foyle. The principal 
 streams are the Mourne, Munterlony, 
 Owenree, O wenkelloe, Derg, and Den- 
 net. The lakes are few and insigni- 
 ficant. 
 
 This county contains coal at Coal 
 Island and Annahone, which is raised 
 in abundance, in proportion to the ex- 
 tent of the fields, but it is difficult to 
 be worked from the softness of the 
 flooring, and the greatness of the 
 angle formed by the layers of coal in 
 many places. Indications of coal are 
 found at Drumquin, north-west of 
 , Omagh. Iron ore and potter’s clay 
 j are found in the coal districts. The 
 j other useful minerals appear to be li- 
 i mited. 
 
 The system of agriculture is great- 
 ] ly improved in many parts, and the 
 I plough is annually supplanting the 
 spade. The farmsare for the most part 
 small, seldom exceeding 50 acres, and 
 much subdivided, except in the moun- 
 tain districts, where the farms are often 
 held by a number of tenants, each of 
 whom tills a quantity of land propor- 
 tionate to the amount of his rent, and 
 all mutually enjoy the remainder as 
 pasture land. Though not a grazing 
 county, and containing few dairies, 
 considerable quantities of butter are 
 made for the Scotish markets. Great 
 numbers of young cattle are reared 
 on the mountains, and after a certain 
 time are driven into the low districts 
 for sale, where they are slaughtered, 
 and sold under the name of horse beef, 
 because conveyed to the markets on 
 the backs of horses. Little attention 
 is paid to sheep, and few pigs are com- 
 paratively reared, except in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Strathbane. The manu- 
 factures are linen, coarse woollen 
 cloths, blankets, and druggets ; agri- 
 cultural instruments at Coal Island ; 
 tanneries, distilleries, breweries, flour- 
 mills, potteries, and extensive bleach- 
 greens. The population, however, 
 are chiefly rural. Tbe poorer classes 
 are much addicted to superstitious 
 practices, being in great dread of the 
 785 
 
 weepeople, as they designate the fairies, 
 and persisting in the ridiculous cus- 
 tom of driving their cattle round fires 
 at midsummer. In dress, customs, 
 and dispositions, they differ little from 
 those of similar station in the Pro- 
 vince. 
 
 The mansions, demesnes, and villas, 
 of the nobility and gentry are nume- 
 rous, and the southern districts are 
 well wooded. The houses of the 
 wealthier farmers are generally of 
 stone, and are substantial slated tene- 
 ments, but the cabins of the poor 
 classes are very wretched, and the 
 want of timber is often severely felt. 
 There are numerous remains of mo- 
 nasteries, castles, raths, Danish forts, 
 and Druidical monuments. Tyrone 
 gave the title of Earl to the powerful 
 family of O’Neill, descended from 
 Neal of the Nine Hostages, and virtu- 
 ally sovereigns of the greater part of 
 the North of Ireland for centuries 
 after the arrival of the English. It 
 now gives the title of Earl to the Mar- 
 quis of Waterford. The county re- 
 turns two members to the Imperial 
 Parliament; constituency in 1840-1, 
 2245. Population in 1831, 302,943. 
 
 TYRONE’S DITCHES, also the 
 Danes' Cast, names applied to desig- 
 nate a great earthen rampart extend- 
 ing along the Armagh boundary with 
 the county of Down. Its origin is 
 quite unknown. The native Irish 
 call it Glin-na-Muic-Duibh, or the Glen 
 of the Black Pig. This rampart mea- 
 sures from 50 to 80 feet across, and 
 occurs at intervals along the line of 
 the Newry Canal, from the lands of 
 Lisnagade, where it commences, near 
 Scarvagh in Down, to the neighbour- 
 hood of Forkhill in Armagh, west of 
 which, however, it has been traced to 
 a considerable distance by the officers 
 of the Ordnance Survey. 
 
 TYRRELL’S PASS, a town in the 
 parish of Clonfad, county of West- 
 meath, 40£ Irish, or 51 English, miles 
 from Dublin, on the road to Athlone 
 by Lucan, Leixlip, Maynootb, Enfield, 
 Kinnegad, and Rochfort Bridge, and 
 upwards of 13 Irish miles fromAth- 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 ULL 
 
 ULS 
 
 lone. The town derives its name 
 from having been for many years the 
 seat of the Tyrrell family, some re- 
 mains of whose Castle are still to be 
 seen. The elegant parish church and 
 small square of houses, built princi- 
 pally by the late Countess of Belvi- 
 dere, impart an aspect of neatness to 
 the town, which is a place of some 
 importance on account of the nu- 
 merous cross-roads which here branch 
 off, and also for the two large cattle 
 fairs annually held. In the town are 
 a Savings Bank, a Charitable Loan 
 Fund, a Dispensary, and a Methodist 
 meeting-house. “ I would not de- 
 sire,” says the author of a Tour in 
 Connaught, “ to meet a much pret- 
 tier place in England than Tyrrell’s 
 Pass — wood-crowned, hilly, dry gravel 
 roads, neatly white-washed cottages, 
 comfortable and well-dressed gentle- 
 men’s demesnes, a very beautiful new 
 church and steeple — these all meet 
 the eye at Tyrrell’s Pass. But all 
 these interested me not so much as 
 
 the old Castle which stands a little 
 westward of the village, and which, 
 placed at the extremity of a line of 
 gravel hills rising out of a large bog 
 skirting it on either side, guards the 
 only passable road leading towards 
 Athlone, This Pass, often the scene 
 of bloody contests, has got its name 
 from the ablest partizan soldier that 
 Ireland ever produced, and who lived 
 in the stormy times of Elizabeth, so 
 fertile in every description of great 
 | men.” Tyrrell, who was a brave 
 I Irish leader, though of English de- 
 scent, took the command of a party 
 of light-armed and light-footed Irish 
 when the Earl of Tyrone rose in 
 l arms against Elizabeth, here defeated 
 i and took prisoner the son of Lord 
 | Trimlestown, who had been sent by 
 Sir Coniers Clifford to destroy him; 
 and only one man of the English party 
 escaped, by plunging up to the neck 
 in a quagmire amid reeds and serges, 
 to tell Sir Coniers the disastrous 
 tidings. 
 
 ■ u. 
 
 ULLA and ULLANE, tributaries 
 of the Feale, near the village of Ab- 
 bey feale. 
 
 ULLARD, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Gowran, county of Kil- 
 kenny, and Diocese of Leigblin, and in 
 the Barony of St Mullin’s, county of 
 Carlow, on the Barrow, constituting 
 part of the corps of a Prebend. Popu- 
 lation in 1831, 2139. Post-town, Graig. 
 
 ULLID, a parish and vicarage in the 
 Barony of Iverk, county of Kilkenny, 
 and Diocese of Ossory. Population 
 in 1831, 646. Post-town, Waterford. 
 
 ULLOE, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Coonagh, county of 
 Limerick, and Diocese of Emly. The 
 hamlet of Ulloe is two miles from 
 Pallas-Green, and near it are the re- 
 sidence of Castle-Lloyd and Newtown- 
 Ellard. Population in 1831, 2735. 
 
 786 
 
 ULSTER, the Northern Province 
 of Ireland, comprises the counties of 
 Antrim, Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, 
 Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Mo- 
 naghan, and Tyrone, and the county 
 of the town of Carrickfergus. The 
 linen trade has long flourished in this 
 Province, and the comfort, independ- 
 ence, and enterprise of the inhabit- 
 ants of the northern counties of Ire- 
 land, strikingly contrast with the other 
 Provinces. The population are much 
 intermingled with those of English 
 and Scotish descent, whose ancestors 
 were settlers who formed the “ Planta- 
 tion” of Ulster on the forfeited lands 
 granted by James I. At the acces- 
 sion of that monarch to the throne 
 of England, measures were speedily 
 adopted for civilising Ireland, and 
 from the rebellions which had broken 
 
ULS 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 ULS 
 
 out in the reign of Elizabeth, headed 
 by the Earl of Tyrone and others, 
 Ulster was reduced to the lowest ex- 
 tremity of poverty and wretchedness, 
 while the moral and religious condi- 
 tion of the Province w as scarcely less 
 deplorable than its civil. The pro- 
 ject was formed of introducing British 
 colonists on an extensive scale, and 
 the chief agent of this salutary pro- 
 ject was Sir Arthur Chichester, an- 
 cestor of the Marquises of Donegal, 
 who was appointed Lord-Deputy in 
 February 1605. The enterprise, not- 
 withstanding sundry obstacles, was 
 successful, by the exertions of the fa- 
 milies of Chichester, Hill, Clotworthy, 
 and others, from England ; and those 
 of Balfour, Hamilton, Stewart, Mont- 
 gomery, Macdonnel, and others from 
 Scotland. Soon after thi3 “ Planta- 
 tion,” a Parliament was called to sanc- 
 tion it by law, in conjunction with 
 which a Convocation of the Clergy of 
 the Dioceses was summoned to meet 
 in 1615. The result was the drawing 
 up of a Confession of Faith, which 
 was entrusted to Dr James Usher, 
 then Professor of Divinity in Trinity 
 College, Dublin, afterwards the cele- 
 brated Archbishop of Armagh. This 
 Confession aimed, among other things, 
 at compromising the differences be- 
 tween the clergy of the Church of 
 Ireland and the non- conformists, but 
 like other similar projects was un- 
 successful. 
 
 The superior condition of the in- 
 habitants of the counties included in 
 the Province of Ulster, both moral, 
 political, and religious, has been as- 
 cribed to various causes ; but as these 
 are chiefly of a controversial nature, 
 it would be out of place to state them 
 in the present work. As many of the 
 people are attached to Presbyterian- 
 ism, it may be here noticed, that the 
 ‘‘first founders of the Presbyterian 
 Church” in Ireland were, according 
 to Dr Reid, Mr Edward Brice, mini- 
 ster of Drymen in Scotland, who set- 
 tled at Broad-Island in 1609 ; Mr Hub - 
 bard, a Puritan minister from Eng- 
 land, who settled at Carrickfergus ; 
 787 
 
 Mr John Ridge, from England, who 
 settled at Antrim; Mr Robert Cun- 
 ningham, from Scotland, who settled 
 at Holy wood ; Mr Robert Blair, also 
 from Scotland, who settledat Bangor; 
 and Mr James Hamilton, nephew of 
 Lord Claneboy, who settled at Bally- 
 w^alter. These soon got accessions in 
 the persons of Messrs Josias Welsh, 
 said to have been a grandson of John 
 Knox the Reformer, Andrew Stewart, 
 George Dunbar, and John Living- 
 stone, from Scotland, Henry Col wort 
 from England, and others from both 
 Kingdoms. As a proof of the irregu- 
 lar state of the Established Church of 
 Ireland at the time, it is stated that 
 “ the support of some of these mini- 
 sters was derived from the tithes of the ! 
 parishes in which they laboured, ; 
 whilst others received a fixed endow- ! 
 ment paid by the patron.” This was 
 the origin of the large body known as 
 the Synod of Ulster, which, on the 
 10th of July 1840, formed a union with 
 the Secession Synod at Belfast, and 
 assumed the title of “ the General As- 
 sembly of the Presbyterian Church in 
 Ireland.” At the time of the Union 
 the two Synods comprised 35 Presby- j 
 teries and 433 congregations. On the 
 1st of January 1840 there were in the ! 
 Province of Ulster 2012 schools con- 
 nected with the Sunday School Socie- 
 ty for Ireland; gratuitous teachers, 
 16,006 ; scholars, 167,060. Population 
 of the Province in 1831, 2,286,622. 
 
 Ulster was subjected to the English 
 in the reign of Henry II. by Sir John 
 de Courcey, the first who enjoyed the 
 title of Earl of Ulster, but it after- 
 wards revolted, and was never entire- 
 ly reduced till the reign of James 1. 
 Like the other Provinces, Ulster had 
 in ancient times its own petty kings. 
 The next who bore the title of Earl 
 of Lister were the English family of 
 De Lacy. Walter de Burgh, or Bur- 
 go, Lord of Connaught, married 
 Maud, daughter of Hugh de Lacy, 
 Earl of Ulster, and became Earl in her 
 right at her father’s deceas.e. His son 
 Richard, second Earl, was educated at 
 the Court of Henry III. This noble- 
 
man, who was considered from his 
 extensive possessions the most power- 
 ful subject in Ireland, died in 1326, 
 and was succeeded by his grandson 
 William, third Earl, who w*as murder- 
 ed shortly after his marriage by Ro- 
 bert Fitz-Richard Manderille and his 
 followers near Carrickfergus, in the 
 21st year of his age, in 1333. This 
 Earl married Maud, daughter of Hen- 
 ry Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster, 
 grandson of Henry III., and the only 
 issue was Lady Elizabeth de Burgh, 
 who married Lionel of Antwerp, 
 Duke of Clarence, third son of Ed- 
 ' w r ard III., who became fourth Earl of 
 I Ulster, and was appointed LordLieu- 
 J tenant. He left one daughter, named 
 Philippa, who w r as married by her 
 grandfather, Edward III., to Edmond 
 Mortimer, third Earl of March, who 
 thus became fifth Earl of Ulster, and 
 from this marriage lineally descend- 
 ed the Earls now Marquises of Clan- 
 rickarde. In 1784, His Royal High- 
 ness Frederick Duke of York, second 
 son of George III., was created Earl 
 of Ulster, and it is said that the title is 
 | now confined exclusively to Princes 
 of the Royal Family, 
 
 ! ULSTER CAN A L and RAILWAY. 
 See Canal and Railway. 
 
 UNION-HALL, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Myross, county of Cork, six 
 miles from Rosscarbery, at the west- 
 ern extremity of Glandore Harbour, 
 which has an excellent quay for ves- 
 sels drawing ten feet of water. Here 
 are an elegant parish church, Roman 
 Catholic chapel, some public schools, 
 a Dispensary, and several neat resi- 
 dences in the vicinity. 
 
 UPHAM, a village in the parish of 
 Killenaule, county of Tipperary, two 
 miles from the village of Killenaule. 
 
 UPPERCROSS, a Barony of the 
 county of Dublin, comprising ten pa- 
 rishes, part of the city of Dublin, and 
 the suburban villages of Harold’s 
 Cross, Ranelagh, Rathmines, Milltown, 
 and others more distant. 
 
 UPPERTHIRD, a Barony of the 
 county of Waterford, including thir- 
 teen parishes, the market-town of 
 i 788 
 
 Clonmel, and the villages of Kilmac- 
 thomas and Portlaw. 
 
 UREGARE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the Baronies of Coshma and Small 
 County, county and Diocese of Lime- 
 rick. Population in 1831, 1874. Post- 
 town, Bruff. 
 
 URGLIN, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Catherlough, county of 
 Carlow, and Diocese of Leighlin. Po- 
 pulation in 1831, 977. Post-town, Car- 
 low. 
 
 URLINGFORD, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, forming part of the 
 corps of the Deanery, in the Barony 
 of Galmoy, county of Kilkenny, and 
 Diocese of Ossory. The small town 
 of Urlingford is 63$ miles from Dub- 
 lin by Kilcullen, Athy, Stradbally, Ab- 
 beyleix, and Durrow, and 15$ Irish 
 miles from Cashel, by Littleton, on the 
 route to Cork. It is little better than 
 a straggling village, containing no par- 
 ticular object of interest. Three 
 miles from it is Kilcooley Abbey. 
 The surrounding district is remark- 
 ably flat, and extensive fields of bog 
 are interspersed with thearable lands. 
 Population in 1831, 1366 ; of parish, 
 2492. 
 
 URNE Y, a parish and vicarage, the 
 upper half ofLoughtee Barony, county 
 of Cavan, and Diocese of Kilmore, 
 near the town of Cavan. Population 
 in 1831, 6050. 
 
 URNEY, a parish and rectory in 
 the Barony of Strabane, county of Ty- 
 rone, and Diocese of Derry, and in 
 the Barony of Raphoe, county of Do- 
 negal, on the Foyle. The Mourne 
 and Finn water the beautiful vale of 
 Urney ; and here are the residences of 
 Urney House, Urney Park, Galany, 
 Castletown, and other villas on the 
 banks of the Finn. Population in 
 1831, 7277. Post-town, Shabane. 
 
 URRISBEG, a mountain in the 
 county of Galway, rising behind 
 Roundstone, and commanding a sin- 
 gular view of the Connemara distinct. 
 The Mediterranean heath was first 
 observed at the base of this mountain 
 in 1S35, by Mr Mackay, author of 
 Flora Hibernica. 
 
VAR 
 
 VAL 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 USKE, a parish, rectory and vicar- 
 age, in the united Baronies of Nar- 
 ragh and Rlieban, county of Kildare, 
 and Archdiocese of Dublin. Fairs 
 are held in May and October. Po- 
 pulation in 1831,919. Post-town, Kil- 
 cullen. 
 
 USKEANE, a parish and vicarage 
 in the B, irony of Lower Ormond, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Killaloe. On the demesne of Sopwell 
 Hall are the ruins of an ancient castle. 
 Population in 1831, 1459. Post-town, 
 Borris-o-kane. 
 
 V. 
 
 V ALENTI A, or Kilmore, an Island 
 off the Barony of Iveragh, county of 
 Kerry, forming a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the united Dioceses of 
 Ardfert and Aghadoe. The Island, 
 which is chiefly the property of the 
 Knight of Kerry, who has a cottage on 
 it, and has expended considerable 
 sums in its improvement very judici- 
 ously, is about five Irish miles in 
 length by two and a half miles in 
 breadth. It forms the southern en- 
 trance of the dangerous and open Bay 
 of Dingle towards the sea, and is up- 
 wards of four miles from the shore. 
 Dowlus Head is opposite, forming 
 between the Island and the mainland 
 one of the safest harbours in Ireland. 
 This harbour opens about a league to 
 the north of Puffin Island, and pos- 
 sesses the advantage of a double en 
 trance, so that vessels can sail in or 
 out with any wind. It is completely 
 land-locked, but the entrances are nar- 
 row, that on the north being contract- 
 ed by the Lamb and Beg Innis Isles, 
 between the latter of which and Va- 
 lentia is a sunken rock, farther con- 
 tracting the entrance to a cable's 
 length. The Valentia Harbour Light- 
 house, on the north-east part of the 
 Island, was opened on the 1st of Feb- 
 ruary 1841, the beacon fixed, and 
 white. The Lighthouse is erected 
 within the old fort built by Cromwell, 
 on the western side of the principal 
 entrance to the Harbour. This is the 
 most westerly port in Europe, and 
 has become a subject of important 
 speculation as the chief rendezvous 
 789 
 
 for ships to and from America, and as 
 the terminus of the projected great 
 Railway across the Kingdom. In the 
 small village of Valentia is a post-of- 
 fice, and the Island contains a parish 
 church, school, and several respect- 
 able inhabitants. The slate quarry, 
 which is worked by the Knight of 
 Kerry, produces flags to the amount 
 of L. 1800, and slates bring L.500, an- 
 nually. The flags are carried to Lon- 
 don, where they are in great demand, 
 and surpass all others used in the me- 
 tropolis. The soil is in many places 
 fertile, chiefly under tillage, and the 
 tenantry are described as comfortable. 
 Cromwell erected two forts on this 
 Island to defend both entrances of the 
 Harbour. One of these forts com- 
 mands the whole Island ; and, having 
 once passed it, there is no landing- 
 place round the coast for 20 miles 
 either way. The southern outlet is 
 overhung on each side by immense 
 and towering ranges of perpendicular 
 heights, under the base of which the 
 sea has worn caverns; and even in 
 the calmest weather the roaring of 
 the retiring weaves of the Atlantic is 
 impressive. Myriads of cormorants, 
 gannets, gulls, and other sea fowl, 
 tenant the precipices. 
 
 VARTRY,a river which traverses 
 the Devil’s Glen, and debouches into 
 the sea near the Murrough of Wick- 
 low, the flat sandy tract near that 
 partly insulated by the sea and the 
 river, on which races are held. The 
 Vartry, after passing Newrath Bridge, 
 and receiving several streams, is call- 
 
VIL 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 VOW 
 
 ed the Leitrim. The river, after ris- 
 ing in the Douce Mountain, makes a 
 grand fall of 100 feet before it forces 
 its way into the Devil’s Glen. 
 
 VEAGH CLOUGH), a most beauti- 
 ful and romantic lake in the county 
 of Donegal, three and a half Irish 
 miles in length by about half a mile in 
 breadth, occupying the glen at the base 
 of the Dooish Mountain, which rises 
 abruptly 2000 feet above its surface. 
 This lake is on the route from Let- 
 terkenny to Dunfanaghy. Its south- 
 ern hanks are ornamented by the na- 
 tural wood of Mullangore, and the 
 surrounding scenery is remarkably 
 wild and impressive. 
 
 VENTRY, a parish, rectory and 
 vicarage, in the Barony of Corkagui- 
 ney, county of Kerry, and united Dio- 
 ceses of Ardfert and Aghadoe. The 
 fine land-locked harbour or bay of 
 Ventry is about a league west of Din- 
 gle Bay, having good anchorage, and 
 a sufficient depth of water, but open 
 towards the south. On the opposite 
 side of the peninsula is Smerwick 
 Harbour. Near the village of Ventry 
 are several bathing lodges. On the 
 west shore of the Bay is Burnham, a 
 tall square house overlooking the 
 water, without a single tree on the 
 lawn to relieve the bleakness of the 
 coast. This is the seat of Lord Ven- 
 try. Thomas Mullins, Esq., said to 
 have descended from a common an- 
 cestor with that of Molyneux, Earls 
 of Sefton, was created a Baronet in 
 1797, and elevated to the Peerage by 
 the title of Baron Ventry. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 2596. Post-town, Dingle. 
 
 VICARSTOWN, a village near 
 Emo, Queen’s County, on the Athy 
 branch of the Grand Canal. 
 
 VILLIERSTOWN, a village in the 
 parish of Aglish, county of Water- 
 ford, near the navigable Blackwater. 
 This pleasantly situated village is a 
 part of the extensive and beautiful 
 demesne of Dromana, a part of the 
 790 
 
 mansion of which was the residence 
 of the powerful Lords of Desmond 
 and Decies. The exterior of this re- 
 sidence is of plain modern Grecian 
 architecture, inclosing the older por- 
 tion. 
 
 VINEGAR HILL, an eminence 
 near the town of Enniscorthy, where 
 the rebels were encamped in 1798, 
 when attacked and routed by General 
 Lake. While the insurgents were in 
 possession of Vinegar Hill, they com- 
 mitted many murders and other atro- 
 cities. According to Sir Richard 
 Musgrave, every morning when they 
 paraded it was quite common for 
 them to put to death from 15 to 30 
 persons, with all the solemnity of an 
 execution under a judicial sentence. 
 The insurgents suffered severely at 
 their defeat at Vinegar Hill, and great 
 numbers of them were killed. Ge- 
 neral Lake had a horse shot under 
 him. 
 
 VIRGINIA, a small town in the 
 parish of Lurgan, county of Cavan. 
 It is nine Irish miles from Kells, on 
 the road to Cavan, and forms part of 
 the estate of the Marquis of Head- 
 fort, on the shores of Lough Ramor. 
 Virginia is a neat, clean, and cheer- 
 ful-looking place, and its excellent inn 
 draws many visitors in summer. A 
 large weekly market is held, at which 
 considerable business is done ; and 
 fairs are held on the 24th of January, 
 6th of March, Saturday before Easter, 
 11th of May, 3d of June, 9th of July, 
 22d of August, 23d of September, 21st 
 of November, and 20th of December. 
 Population in 1831, 930. 
 
 VOGHER (LOUGH), a gloomy and 
 solitary lake among the Kerry Moun- 
 tains, several miles from Cahirciveen, 
 and, with Lough Girahe, discharges 
 itself into Lough Currane. 
 
 VOWFERRY, a village and ferry 
 in the parish of Desertoghill, county 
 of Londonderry, on the Bann river, 
 three miles from Kilrea. 
 
WAR 
 
 WAT 
 
 OP IRELAND. 
 
 w. 
 
 WADDINGSTOWN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of Middlethird, 
 county of Tipperary, and Diocese of 
 Cashel. Post-town, Cashel. 
 
 WALLSCOURT is a ruined seat 
 near the village of Kilricle, seven 
 miles from Aughrim, county of Gal- 
 way. Joseph Henry Blake, Esq., de- 
 scended from Richard Blake, a soldier 
 of fortune who accompanied Prince 
 (afterwards King) John to Ireland, 
 was created Baron Wallscourt of 
 Ardfry in 1800, with remainder to the 
 heirs-male of his deceased father. 
 The Family seat is Ardfry, near Or- 
 anraore. 
 
 WALLSTOWN, a parish, rectory 
 and vicarage, in the Barony of Fer- 
 moy, county of Cork, and Diocese of 
 Cloyne. Population in 1831, 1021. 
 Post-town, Doneraile. 
 
 WALSHESTOWN, aliamlet in the 
 neighbourhood of Blessington, locally 
 within the parish of Rathmore, coun- 
 ty of Kildare. 
 
 WALTERSTOWN, a parish and 
 rectory in the Barony of West Opha- 
 ly, county and Diocese of Kildare. 
 Population in 1831, 298. Post-town, 
 Kildare. 
 
 WARD, or Chapel- Ward, a vil- 
 lage and parochial chapelry, forming 
 part of the corps of the Chancellor- 
 ship, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, about eight miles north-west 
 of Dublin. 
 
 WARINGSTO WN, a village in the 
 parish of Donaghcloney, county of 
 Down, on the road from Bannbridge 
 to Lurgan. Near it is the demesne 
 of Mr Waring, whose ancestor in the 
 reign of Queen Anne was one of the 
 principal founders of the manufactur- 
 ing prosperity of the district. 
 
 WARREN’S POINT, a thriving 
 town in the parish of Clonallan, coun- 
 ty of Down, below Newry Water 
 791 
 
 Ferry, near the debouch of that stream 
 into Carlingford Lough, and about 
 seven miles from the town of Newry, 
 of which it is the principal port. 
 This town has been built since 1780, 
 andin 1841 consisted of several streets 
 radiating from a square on the shore 
 of the inlet. It is a favourite resort 
 for sea-bathing and summer recrea- 
 tion, and the vicinity is very attrac- 
 tive, ornamented by numerous villas. 
 The steamers which ply to Glasgow, 
 Liverpool, and other ports in Scot- 
 land and England, and large vessels, 
 are loaded and discharged. In the 
 town are the parish church, a large 
 Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting- 
 houses for Presbyterians and Method- 
 ists. Here is also a large distillery, 
 and the fishery is a very important 
 avocation. A fair is held on the last 
 Friday of each month. Population 
 in 1831, 1856. See Newry. 
 
 WATERFALL, a small parochial 
 tract in the Barony of Barretts, coun- 
 ty of Cork, annexed to the rectory of 
 Iniscarra. 
 
 WATERFORD, a Diocese com- 
 prising the city and the eastern part 
 of the county of its name, including 
 33 parishes. In 1834 the population 
 of the Diocese was stated to be 182,018, 
 of whom 8391 were members of the 
 Established Church, 172,766 were Ro- 
 man Catholics, and 861 were Dissent- 
 ers. In that year the number of 
 children at the various schools was 
 11,600; in 1836-7, 4895; in 1837-8, 
 4675 ; in 1838-9, 6154. It is said that 
 a Cathedral was first built in the city 
 of Waterford by the Ostmen, but it 
 is certain that the See was established 
 in the eleventh century, and Malchus, 
 who was consecrated in England, is 
 mentioned as the first Bishop in 1096. 
 The See of Lismore was united to I 
 that of Waterford in 1363, by Pope . 
 
WAT 
 
 WAT 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 Urban V., and confirmed by Edward 
 III. By the Act of 1833 those of 
 Cashel and Emly are also annexed. 
 The Chapter of Waterford consists of 
 the Dean, Chancellor, Treasurer, 
 Archdeacon, Chaunter, and six Pre- 
 bendaries. The last Bishop of Wa- 
 terford and Lismore was the Hon. 
 and Right Rev. Richard Bourke, 
 I).D., second son of the Most Rev. 
 Joseph Deane Bourke, third Earl of 
 Mayo, and Archbishop of Tuam. Wa- 
 terford is still a separate See in the 
 Roman Catholic division. 
 
 WATERFORD, a maritime county 
 in the Province of Munster, is bound- 
 ed on the south by the Atlantic, on 
 the west by the county of Cork, on 
 the north by Tipperary and Kil- 
 kenny, and on the east by Wexford. 
 It is 52 miles in length from east to 
 west, and 28 miles in length from 
 north to south, having an area of 736 
 miles, or 471,281 English acres, of 
 which 353,247 are cultivated, and 
 118,034 are unimproved bog and 
 mountain. The county is divided 
 into the eight Baronies of Cosbmore, 
 Coshbride, Decies-within-Drum, De- 
 cies-without-Drum, Gualtier, Glena- 
 heiry, Middlethird, and Upperthird, 
 which are divided into 74 parishes, 41 
 being in the Diocese of Lismore, and 
 the others in that of Waterford. 
 
 This is a mountainous county, and 
 the Knockmeledown range, rising 
 2700 feet, form the fine of demarca- 
 tion with Tipperary. The Cummer- 
 agh and Mohevolagh mountains ex- 
 tend in a north and south direction 
 from the east of Clonmel to Dungar- 
 van, the highest summit of which is 
 Knockafrian, several of them crown- 
 ed by large piles of stones of artificial 
 construction, but of unknown origin ; * 
 and the Drum Mountains, south of 
 Dungarvan, lower than the Cummer- 
 agh, though very rugged and of diffi- 
 cult access, dividing the two Baronies 
 of Decies. The south-eastern district 
 is low, and forms a kind of peninsula, 
 almost insulated by a line of marshy 
 land evidently at one time under 
 water. The Suir river forms the 
 792 
 
 southern boundary, from its junction 
 with the Barrow and Nore to beyond 
 Clonmel. The Nier is one of its 
 small tributaries in the west of the 
 county. The other streams are the 
 Brickey and the Blackwater, the latter 
 discharging itself into Youghal Har- 
 bour. The lakes are insignificant, 
 few, and almost mere pools. 
 
 Waterford Harbour is the boundary 
 with Wexford. Two miles east of 
 the city is the Little Island, of tri- 
 angular form, after which the coast 
 runs in a southerly direction, form- 
 ing the western side of the Harbour, 
 at the entrance of which is the 
 pier harbour of Dunmore, having a 
 Light-house, the beacon fixed, red 
 towards the sea, and bright inland. 
 West of Dunmore are the small File- 
 skirt Isles ; and farther west, between 
 Brownstown Head and Newtown 
 Head, is the dangerous Tramore Bay 
 (see Tramore). Still farther west- 
 ward are the inlets of Bonmahon, 
 Clonea, and Rineshark, also Ardmore 
 and Whiting Bays ; and Youghal Har- 
 bour is the boundary with Cork. 
 
 Some of the minerals of this coun- 
 ty are very valuable, especially its cop- 
 per mines at Knockmahon, valued at 
 L. 40,000, and those in the neighbour- 
 hood of Stradbally. Lead was for- 
 merly wrought in the copper district 
 of Knockmahon, and iron at Ard- 
 more. Quantities of silver have been 
 procured from the Hills of Cruagh, 
 and on the shore of Kilmurrin. Se- 
 veral thousand tons of slates are rais- 
 ed from the quarries south of Lis- 
 more. 
 
 The soil of the county is in general 
 coarse, but there are considerable 
 tracts of fertile land in some districts. 
 Agriculture has been greatly improv- 
 ed by dividing the farms ; wheat is 
 extensively raised, clover is general, 
 and the other kinds of green crop are 
 annually getting into repute. The 
 estates of the resident gentry are in 
 excellent cultivation, and the large 
 mountain tract, reclaimed and im- 
 proved by the religious fraternity of 
 St Bernard la Trappe, near Cappo- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 WAT 
 
 quin, has stimulated the spirit of in- 
 dustry to similar exertions. Water- 
 ford is the chief dairy county of Ire- 
 land, but little cheese is made. The 
 best breeds of cattle are in the moun- 
 tain districts, which afford good pas- 
 turage ; sheep are not comparatively 
 a common stock; swine are reared in 
 great numbers for export ; and goats 
 abound in the high grounds. The 
 estates in this county are very large, 
 particularly those of the Duke of De- 
 vonshire at Lismore, and of the Mar- 
 quis of Waterford at Curraghmore. 
 “ Taking a circle,” says Mr Inglis, 
 “ of ten or twelve miles round Water- 
 ford city, the estates of the Waterford, 
 the Duncannon, and the Devonshire 
 Families, are not understood to be 
 rack-rented, and are all under good 
 management. I made frequent ex- 
 cursions into the surrounding coun- 
 try, and sufficiently verified the fact 
 that the smaller properties were very 
 much overlet. I found L.4, 10s., L.5, 
 and even L.7, per acre, paid for small 
 farms, and in all these cases. potatoes 
 formed the sole diet of the farmer, 
 with occasionally the back-bone of a 
 pig. Many acknowledged that their 
 arrears never could be paid, and that 
 they had taken the land at such rents 
 merely as a refuge against starvation. 
 This is universally the case where 
 land is let by competition.” The 
 dwellings, dress, and manners of the 
 peasantry, resemble those of the other 
 counties of the Province, only differ- 
 ing as to their pursuits and localities, 
 as residing on the fertile pasture 
 lands, in the mountain districts, or on 
 the coast. “In food,” observes Mr 
 Inglis, “ there has been no improve- 
 ment among the labouring classes ; 
 the wages will not admit of any ; but 
 in the town, and among the small 
 farmers, potatoes have in some degree 
 yielded to wheaten bread. The wife 
 of almost every small farmer carries 
 a wheaten loaf back with her from 
 market, and bread of a second quality 
 is cheap.” The fishery could be made 
 very productive, even though that on 
 the Nymph Bank, long considered in- 
 793 
 
 exhaustible, has deteriorated in qua- 
 lity and quantity. In 1836 the num- 
 ber of half-decked vessels employed 
 was 101; tonnage, 1668; open sail 
 boats, 52; row boats, 266; fishermen, 
 2516. 
 
 When the English invaded Ireland 
 they found this quarter in possession 
 of the Danes since the ninth century. 
 Henry II. granted the greater part of 
 it to his followers, Robert le Poer and 
 Milo de Cogan ; and in 1210 King John 
 erected the territory into a county, 
 from which the city was excepted. In 
 1444 the county was granted to James 
 Earl of Desmond, and some years 
 afterwards to John Talbot Earl of 
 Shrewsbury, who was created Earl of 
 Waterford, but both the lands and 
 the Earldom were resumed by Henry 
 VIII. The county suffered severely 
 by the rebellion of the Earl of Des- 
 mond, the Spanish invasion, the Civil 
 War of 1641, and that of the Revolu- 
 tion, when the inhabitants took part 
 with King James, but were reduced 
 by General Kirk after the Battle of 
 the Boyne. 
 
 The county expenses are defrayed 
 by the usual Grand Jury Present- 
 ments. Two Members are returned 
 to the Imperial Parliament; consti- 
 tuency in 1840-1, 1494. Population in 
 1831, 148,077. 
 
 WATERFORD, a city and county 
 of itself, and episcopal See, is situated 
 on the south side of the Suir, having 
 a small suburb on the opposite side, 
 about 20 miles from the mouth of the 
 Harbour, and 7 7 Irish miles from 
 Dublin by Naas, Carlow, and Thomas- 
 town. This city was founded by the 
 Danes, and an antiquity is claimed for 
 it in the second century, but the ninth 
 may be safely assigned as the authen- 
 tic period. The ancient stronghold 
 named Reginald’s Tower, commonly 
 called the Ring Tower, on the Quay, 
 is an undoubted memorial of Danish 
 architecture. On a tablet placed over 
 the entrance doorway its history is 
 thus briefly given : — “In the year 1003 
 this Tower was erected by- Reginald 
 the Dane : in 1 171 it was held as a for- 
 3 x 
 
WAT 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 WAT 
 
 tress by Strongbow Earl of Pem- 
 broke ; in 1463, by statute 3d of Ed- 
 ward IV., a mint was established 
 here : in 1819 it was re-edified in its 
 original form, and appropriated to the 
 Police Establishment by the corpo- 
 rate body of the city of Waterford : 
 the Right Hon. Sir John Newport, 
 Bart., Mayor.” In the above noticed 
 | year of 1171, when the city was plun- 
 I dered, and all the inhabitants found 
 in arms put to the sword, another 
 Reginald, Prince of the Hanes of Wa- 
 terford, and Malachy O’Faelan, Prince 
 of the Decies, with several other 
 chiefs who had confederated to resist 
 the invaders, were taken prisoners in 
 the combat, and thrust into this 
 Tower till their ultimate fate was 
 determined. They were condemned 
 j to death, but were saved by the inter- 
 cession of Dermot MacMurrogh, King 
 of Leinster, who with Fitzstephen and 
 I many English and Welsh gentlemen 
 | proceeded to Waterford, to be present 
 J at the marriage of his daughter Eva 
 to Earl Strongbow. It is tradition- 
 ally said that this celebrated leader 
 originated a well-known proverb at 
 his invasion of Ireland, the meaning 
 of which is universally understood. 
 When Earl Strongbow’s ships were 
 entering Waterford Harbour, he per- 
 ceived on the shore a tower on one 
 part and a church on another. He 
 I inquired the names of these conspi- 
 j cuous objects, and was answered — 
 “ The tower of Hook and the church 
 of Crook.” u Then,” he replied, “ we 
 must take the town by Hook or by 
 Crook." The locality of the Tower 
 of Hook is well known, and from it 
 are seen numbers of Light-houses on 
 the Wexford coast, important bea- 
 cons to the mariner in that dangerous 
 quarter. This Tower, which is now 
 converted into a Light-house, occupies 
 i a point of land high above the ocean, 
 and is a conspicuous landmark for 
 ' mariners. 
 
 Henry II. debarked at Waterford, 
 j which caused the city to be long 
 j afterwards one of the principal places 
 I of communication with England, and 
 794 
 
 a considerable mart for foreign trade. 
 King John, when Earl of Moreton, 
 also landed here in 1183, and at his 
 accession to the throne he granted its 
 first charter. He again visited the 
 city on the following year, and estab- 
 lished a mint. In the succeeding or 
 thirteenth century Waterford was 
 twice burnt, and by the latter cala- 
 mity so severely, that it continued for 
 several years in a decayed state. In 
 1368 the citizens, under their Mayor, 
 suffered a very disastrous defeat from 
 the Le Poers and O’ Driscolls. In 
 
 1399 Richard II. landed, and was 
 crowned at Waterford. The citizens 
 were distiugu shed by their zealous 
 opposition to the impostors Simnel 
 and Warbeck, and the latter was forc- 
 ed to raise the siege, to commemorate 
 which the city received its motto — 
 Urbs intacta manet. They objected 
 to having James I. proclaimed, and 
 refused to allow the Lord-Deputy 
 Mountjoy and his forces to enter un- 
 til compelled by threats. In the wars 
 of 1641 they sided with the Confede- 
 rated Roman Catholics, but after se- 
 veral vicissitudes were forced to capi- 
 tulate to the Parliamentary army 
 under Ireton. In the war of the Re- 
 volution they espoused the cause of 
 King James, but tlieir support w r as 
 unavailing. James embarked near the 
 city for France after the battle of the 
 Boyne, and the inhabitants surrender- 
 ed on terms to General Kirk. The fugi- 
 tive monarch took refuge in Duncan- 
 non Fort, about seven miles from the 
 entrance to the Harbour, and eleven 
 miles south-east of the city, built on 
 the high precipitous cliffs jutting out 
 more than 300 yards into the estuary 
 of the Suir and Barrow’. The point 
 of rock from which James is supposed 
 to have embarked in the French ves- 
 sel which hovered off the coast, is still 
 known as King James' Rock, and is to 
 the north of the Fort. In 1690 Wil- 
 liam III. tw’ice visited Waterford, and 
 finally confirmed the ancient privi- 
 leges and immunities of-the citizens. 
 The walls of the Danish city, of which 
 Reginald’s Tower is the only memo- 
 
WAT 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 WAT 
 
 rial, inclosed a triangular area of 
 about 15 acres. The county of the 
 city extends along the river from Car- 
 rick-on-Suir to Passage, and on the 
 north side of the river into Kilkenny, 
 comprehending an area, including the 
 city, of 9683 The parishes be- 
 
 longing to the city are Trinity Within, 
 
 ! Trinity Without, St Michael’s, St 
 Olave’s, St Peter’s, St Stephen’s, St 
 Patrick’s, St John’s Within, St John’s 
 Without, Kill-St-Nicholas, and the 
 three rural parishes of Kilculliheen, 
 Kilbarry, and Killoteran. The first j 
 four paiishes constitute part of the 
 corps of the Deanery ; and those of 
 St Patrick, St Stephen, St Peter, and 
 St John, form the corps of the Arch- 
 deaconry. 
 
 The public buildings of Waterford 
 are the Cathedi'al, an elegant modern 
 edifice with a neat spire; the Epis- 
 copal Palace near it, having two finely 
 finished fronts of cut stone, and com- 
 manding extensive views across the 
 Suir into Wexford ; the parish 
 churches ; the Roman Catholic Ca- 
 thedral, a splendid building internally 
 decorated with great taste ; four 
 parish chapels ; and some Dissenting 
 ! meeting-houses. The County Hall 
 is a fine structure, and the Exchange, 
 Custom-House, Tholsall, Theatre, the 
 Infantry and Artillery Barracks, Pub- 
 lic Rooms, Free Schools, and Blue-Coat 
 Institutions for the education of Pro- 
 testant children, are all spacious, and 
 on a liberal scale. Here are also the 
 City and County Prisons and Court 
 Houses, a Penitentiary, a District Lu- 
 natic Asylum (a large edifice about a 
 mile from the city), the County Infir- 
 mary, a Fever Hospital, and the W ork- 
 house of the Poor Law Union. The 
 Fever Hospital is said to have been 
 the first founded in Ireland. Among 
 the Charitable Institutions are the 
 Widows’ Houses, the Leper House 
 (now a general Infirmary), the Hos- 
 pital of the Holy Ghost, several en- 
 dowed schools, and many benevolent 
 associations, such as a Mendicity So- 
 ciety, House of Industry, and a Ro- 
 ; man Catholic association of young 
 795 
 
 men, who dedicate their lives to the 
 instruction of youth, and call them- 
 selves Brothers of the Christian 
 Schools. Mr Inglis visited 
 
 their institution, he found upwards of 
 700 children in progress of instruc- 
 tion. 
 
 The chief streets of Waterford are 
 the Quay, the Mall, and those in the 
 vicinity, which are well built, and 
 contain elegant houses and shops, but 
 many of those in the older parts are 
 narrow, confined, and inhabited by a 
 very poor population. The Quay, of 
 which the citizens are justly proud, 
 and is unrivalled in Ireland, extends 
 upwards of a mile from one end of 
 the city to the other, and is the most 
 ornamented part. It is the residence 
 of the principal merchants, having 
 the Custom-House in the centre, and 
 is a most delightful promenade, the 
 portion adjoining the river divided 
 from the carriage way the whole 
 length. The Suir is here a magni- 
 ficent river, affording a depth of from 
 25 to 60 feet at vessels 
 
 nearly 800 tons can approach close to 
 the Quay. The Kilkenny side of the 
 river is connected by a wooden bridge, 
 constructed of American oak by Le- i 
 muel Cox, of Boston, United States. 
 This Bridge was undertaken by a 
 company incorporated by Act of 
 Parliament in 1793, who subscribed 
 L. 30, 000 to complete the work, in- 
 cluding the purchase of the ferry. 
 The tablet, affixed to the centre pier, 
 records that the Bridge was begun on 
 the 30th of April 1793, and opened for 
 the passage of carriages on the 18th 
 of January 1794 — that it is 832 feet in 
 length by 40 feet in breadth, consist- 
 ing of stone abutments, and 40 sets of 
 oak piers, the depth of water at lowest 
 ebb-tides 37 feet. The erection of 
 this Bridge has become a good spe- 
 culation. The work was completed 
 for a less than its original esti- 
 mate, the sum of L.90 was only re- 
 quired out of the L. 100 shares; the 
 debentures in 1832 sold for L.170; 
 and the Company have a sinking fund 
 to repair and rebuild the Bridge when 
 
WAT 
 
 WAT 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 necessary. In 1824 the tolls were let 
 for L.4260 per annum. 
 
 The city has a Chamber of Commerce , 
 incorporated in 1815; the Waterford 
 Institution, with a Library and Mu- 
 seum ; the Literary and Scientific So- 
 ciety, where lectures are delivered; 
 an Agricultural and a Horticultural 
 Society ; and several weekly news- 
 papers There are Branches of the 
 Bank of Ireland, Provincial Bank of 
 Ireland, National Bank of Ireland, 
 and a Savings Bank. Cattle markets 
 are held twice a week, and chartered 
 fairs three times during the year. 
 Under the management of the Cham- 
 ber of Commerce and of the Board of 
 Harbour Commissioners, the latter 
 incorporated for the improvement of 
 the port, a dock-yard has been con- 
 structed which can accommodate ves- 
 sels of a large class, and the passages 
 of the river have been cleaned and 
 deepened. The exports are chiefly 
 cattle, sheep, pigs, grain, flour, but- 
 ter, and salted and dried provisions. 
 In 1835 the value of the exports was 
 L.1,821,245; of the imports,L. 1,274, 154; 
 in 1838, the exports were 118,000 tons; 
 value, L.2,060,000 ; tonnage of imports, 
 130,000; value, L.1,572,000. The 
 Custom-House duties in 1836 were 
 L. 137, 126; in 1840, L.196,388; num- 
 ber of registered vessels in 1835, 126; 
 tonnage, 13,879 ; and since materially 
 increased. Steamers of the first class 
 ply regularly to Liverpool and Bris- 
 tol. An Act is passed for a Railway 
 from the city to the great southern 
 line near Cahir, by Carrick-on-Suir 
 and Clonmel, along the north side of 
 the Suir. 
 
 The entrance into Waterford by the 
 long bridge over the Suir is very im- 
 posing, and, as Mr Inglis observes, 
 the views are beautiful at full tide. 
 (i The first part of the town one en- 
 ters,” he observes, u is the Quay, 
 which, whether for its extent or the 
 breadth of the river, is unquestion- 
 ably one of the finest quays I recol- 
 lect to have seen. The opposite banks 
 gently slope into green hills, well 
 clothed with wood and adorned with 
 796 
 
 villas; and the church called Christ- 
 endom Church, with its surrounding 
 trees, standing close to the water, adds 
 greatly to the beauty of the prospect. 
 — Although there are very many un- 
 employed persons in Waterford, and 
 although scenes of the utmost misery 
 and destitution are constantly brought 
 under the notice of any one who walks 
 into the by-streets, yet, taking the 
 circle of country round the city, I 
 believe I am entitled, from my in- 
 quiries, to say that there has been 
 some improvement among the people. 
 In female clothing the introduction 
 of cotton has had the effect of pro- 
 moting cleanliness.” Advantages 
 have been derived from the premiums 
 offered by the Agricultural Society, 
 and especially by the abolition of the 
 duty on coal. In 1834 whisky drink- 
 ing prevailed to an enormous extent 
 in the city, and there were between 
 200 and 300 licensed public-houses. 
 iC I noticed,” says Mr Inglis, “ among 
 the inferior classes in Waterford — I 
 do not mean the mendicant or des- 
 titute poor — too many evidences of 
 idle slovenly habits; ragged clothes 
 which might have been mended ; un- 
 combed hair which might have been 
 in order ; and even in the farm-houses 
 I observed, among a class who in 
 England would have been neat and 
 tidy, dirty caps and faces, ragged 
 children, and an untidy and slatternly 
 look about things, not warranted by 
 the circumstances of the inmates.” 
 
 A Court of Record is held twice a 
 week, a Civil Bill Court for debts 
 from L.2 to L.10, a Court of Con- 
 science for debts under L.2, and a 
 Mayor’s Court for disputes about 
 servants’ wages. The Court Leet and 
 Court of Admiralty are now obsolete. 
 The city business is transacted in the 
 Town-Hall. The former Corporation 
 consisted of the Mayor, who has a 
 sword carried before him, two She- 
 riffs, 18 Aldermen and 18 Assistants, 
 with a Recorder and inferior civic 
 officers. By the Irish Municipal Act 
 the Corporation is composed of the 
 Mayor, Sheriffs, and Citizens of the 
 
WAT 
 
 WAT 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 county of the city, and the city is di- 
 vided into the Tower, Custom-House, 
 Centre, West, and South Wards, each 
 Ward returning two Aldermen and 
 six Councillors. The city returns 
 two members to the Imperial Par- 
 liament; constituency in 1840-1, 1278. 
 Population in 1831, 28,821; by a cen- 
 sus taken in 1834, 29,352. 
 
 Among the villas along the river, 
 and in the vicinity of the city, some 
 of which are in Kilkenny county, are 
 those of Belmont, New Park (New- 
 port, Bart.), Bellevue, Snowhill, and 
 | Ballinakill ; May Park, Little Island, 
 i Faithleg, Granttown, and Williams- 
 town. Waterford gives the title of 
 j Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, to 
 the Noble Family of Talbot, Earl of 
 | Shrewsbury. Sir John Talbot, sixth 
 I Baron Talbot, who was a distinguish- 
 ! ed warrior, was appointed Lord Lieu- 
 I tenant of Ireland, and created Earl of 
 1 Waterford and Wexfo' d in 1446. His 
 i Lordship w T as routed by the celebrated 
 i Joan of Arc, commonly called the 
 Maid of Orleans , at Patay in 1429, and 
 was mortally wounded when advanc- 
 j ing to the relief of Chastillon in 1453, 
 i when in the 80th year of his age. He 
 is said to have been victorious in 
 forty battles and dangerous skir- 
 mishes. Waterford also gives the title 
 of Marquis, in the Peerage of Ireland, 
 to the Noble Family of De-la-Poer 
 Beresford, descended from a very an- 
 cient family originally in Stafford- 
 shire. Sir Marcus Beresford was 
 created Baron Beresford and Viscount 
 of Tyrone in 1720, and Earl of Ty- 
 rone in 1746. George, second Earl, 
 was created Baron Tyrone of Haver- 
 fordwest, in the Peerage of Great Bri- 
 tain, in 1786, and advanced to the dig- 
 nity of Marquis of Waterford in 1789. 
 His grandson Henry, of sporting cele- 
 i brity, inherited the honours at the 
 ( death of his father, the second Mar- 
 i quis, in 1826. The Family seats are 
 Curraghmore in the county, which 
 has a magnificent demesne of not less 
 than 4600 acres; Walworth in Lon- 
 donderry, and Ford Castle in North- 
 umberland. 
 
 797 
 
 WATERGRASS HILL, a village 
 in the parish of Ardnagacky, county 
 of Cork, upwards of five English 
 miles from Rathe ormack, on one of 
 the principal post-roads to the city of 
 Cork. 
 
 WATERPARK, a village in the 
 parish of Connagh, county of Cork, 
 nine miles from I.ismore. Here is 
 the beautiful demesne of its name, 
 the seat of Lord Waterpark, descend- 
 ed from a branch of the English Du- 
 cal Family of Cavendish. Sir Henry 
 Cavendish, Baronet, married Sarah, 
 ODly daughter and heiress of Richard 
 Bradshaw, Esq., lineally descended 
 from Bradshaw, the noted Lord Pre- 
 sident, as he was styled, who passed 
 sentence of death on Charles I. Lady 
 Cavendish was advanced to the dig- 
 nity of Baroness Waterpark in 1792, 
 with remainder to her male issue by 
 her husband, and was succeeded by 
 her eldest son Richard as first Baron, 
 at her death in 1807. 
 
 WATERVILLE, a lake at the base 
 of the mountains of Iveragh, county 
 of Kerry, not far from Cahir, and six 
 miles from Darrynane Abbey, the re- 
 sidence of the “ Liberator,” Mr Daniel 
 O’Connell, M.P., elected Lord Mayor 
 of Dublin in November 1841. This 
 lake is about five miles in length, and 
 is divided by a stream of 500 or 600 
 yards from Ballinskelligs Bay. “ At 
 first,” says the Sportsman in Ire- 
 land, “ the stranger is impressed with 
 an idea that the lake is nothing more 
 than an arm of the sea ; the fall is only 
 ten or twelve feet from it to the Bay, 
 but sufficient to protect it from the 
 influence of the tide, and affording for 
 the whole tribe of the genus salmo 
 an easy transition from the salt to the 
 fresh water. A small cluster of cot- 
 tages, which forms the newly arisen 
 village of Waterville, and situated at 
 the very edge of the fall, covers from 
 the view the mansion of Mr Butler, 
 whose property the short but produc- 
 tive river is, and whose house is al- 
 most attached to the profitable fish- 
 ery. — I walked down to the weirs, 
 the produce of which, I am informed, 
 
WES 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 WES 
 
 amounts to L.700 or L.800 per an- 
 num. In four traps it is not uncom- 
 mon to take from 500 to 600 fish 
 nightly in the full salmon season, and 
 perhaps a more astonishing sight 
 could not be presented than the shoals 
 of these creatures, one over the other, 
 constituting in their confined cells 
 almost a solid mass ; the boiling 
 stream which rushes through the 
 base of their prison-house keeping 
 them not only alive, but perfectly 
 well till the arrival of the higglers, 
 who take them alive up the moun- 
 tains, and to the towns many miles 
 distant.” On an island in the middle 
 of the lake is a ruined church, near 
 which is a burying-ground, the ceme- 
 tery of the district for many miles 
 round, but no corpse is ever interred 
 except when the sun shines. 
 
 WATTLE -BRIDGE, a village in 
 the parish of St Mary’s, Drumcrin, 
 county of Fermanagh, on the Finn, 
 near Lisnaskea, and on the post-road 
 from Dublin to Enniskillen. Here 
 are the ruins of a Druidical altar and 
 the ruins of St Mary’s Chapel. 
 
 WEIR’S SNOUT. See Giant’s 
 Causeway. 
 
 WELLS, a parish, rectory and vil- 
 lage, in the Barony of West Idrone, 
 county of Carlow, and Diocese of 
 Leighlin, near the Barrow, constitut- 
 ing part of the corps of the Deanery. 
 Population in 1831, 1554. Post-town, 
 Leighlin-Bridge. 
 
 WESTMEATH, an inland county 
 of the Province of Leinster, is bound- 
 ed on the north by the county of Ca- 
 van, from which it is separated by 
 Lough Sheelin ; on the north-east, 
 east, and south-east, by the county of 
 Meath, or East Meath ; on the south 
 by the King’s County; on the west 
 by the county of Roscommon, from 
 which it is separated by the Shannon 
 and its Lough Ree expansion ; and on 
 the north-west by the county of Long- 
 ford. The greatest length from near 
 Clonmel on to the west bank of the 
 Shannon opposite Athlone is 45 miles, 
 and the greatest breadth from the vi- 
 cinity of Kinnegad to that of Rath- 
 798 
 
 owen is 25 miles. The area is esti- 
 mated, in the Population Returns of 
 1831, at 578 square miles, or 370,053 
 English acres, but a more recent com- 
 putation increases the area to 604 
 square miles, or 336,251 statute acres, 
 of which 386,251 are cultivated, 313,935 
 are unimproved mountain and bog, 
 and 16,334 are under water. The 
 county is divided into twelve Baron- 
 ies, viz. 1. Brawney, on the west: 
 2. Kilkenny- West, on the west; 3. 
 Movgoish, on the north-west; 4. 
 Rathconrath, on the north-west; 5. 
 and 6. Moyashel and Magheradernan, 
 in the centre ; 7. and 8. Delvin and 
 Farbill, on the east ; 9. Fartullagh, on 
 the south-east ; 10. Moycashel, on the 
 south ; 11. Clonlonan, on the south- 
 west; 12. Demifore, on the north. 
 These Baronies are subdivided into 
 62 parishes, 90 of which are in the 
 Diocese of Meath, and three in that 
 of Ardagh. The county town is Mul- 
 lingar. 
 
 This county is one of the most pic- 
 turesque in Ireland, and is only ex- 
 celled by Kerry, Fermanagh, Water- 
 ford, and Wicklow. The western 
 side of it belongs entirely to the basin 
 of the Shannon (see Shannon and 
 Ree), and the eastern side is part of 
 the basin of the Boyne. On the 
 former side are several small lakes, 
 some of which are discharged by pic- 
 turesque streams into Lough Ree, and 
 others have no visible outlet. The 
 rivers which flow into the Shannon 
 and Lough Ree are small, and the 
 bogs in this quarter, though nume- 
 rous, are of no great extent. On the 
 eastern side of the county the princi- 
 pal tributaries of the Boyne are the 
 Deel and its branches, which issue 
 from several lakes near the north-east 
 boundary. The central part of the 
 county is drained by streams which 
 are feeders of the inland lakes, con- 
 nected with each other by rivulets, 
 and ultimately with the Shannon. 
 The most northern of these is Lough 
 Sheelin, communicating with Lough 
 Keinal, from which a stream flows 
 southward along the border, sepa- 
 
WES 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 WES 
 
 rating the county of Longford, into 
 Lough Dereveragh. From the north- 
 west extremity of that lake a stream 
 flows south-west into Lough Iron, 
 Lough Glvn and Lough Gar are con- 
 nected with these central series of 
 lakes, and a small brook forms the com- 
 munication between Lough Iron and 
 Lough Owhel, the latter supply- 
 ing the Royal Canal, and discharging 
 itself into Lough Ennel. All these 
 and the numerous other lakes abound 
 > with pike and trout, the latter pecu- 
 liarly fine, and forming an important 
 article of food. The eastern and 
 south-eastern sides of the county 
 abound with bogs, some of which ara 
 of considerable extent. In the west- 
 ern part also bog prevaiLs. West- 
 meath is chiefly of a gently undulat- 
 ing surface, and has no hills of any 
 great height. Wood is scarce, but 
 the young plantations are thriv- 
 ing. 
 
 Agriculture is in a very indifferent 
 state, though the soil is productive, 
 and all kinds of grain thrive well. 
 The chief crops raised are oats and 
 potatoes, a very little wheat is grown, 
 and some barley, flax, rape, clover, 
 and green crops. The fences are ge- 
 nerally neglected, except in the de- 
 mesnes of the proprietors. Dairy 
 farming is practised to some extent, 
 and considerable quantities of but- 
 ter are sent by Dublin to England. 
 The loDg-horned cattle are much 
 valued, and some of the best speci- 
 mens are grazed in the county. Al- 
 though sheep are not favourites, 
 there are excellent specimens of the 
 long-woolled breed, and pigs are in 
 abundance. The Westmeath breed 
 of horses is considered very superior. 
 In this county are many very elegant 
 mansions and villas, surrounded by 
 finely planted demesnes. In that of 
 Mount D’Alton is an obelisk 50 feet 
 high, erected in honour of the Em- 
 press Maria Theresa, the Emperor 
 Joseph, and King George in., by one 
 of the D’Alton family who had been 
 in the Austrian service. An obelisk 
 of similar dimensions is in the centre 
 799 
 
 of Lowville demesne, near Kilkenny- 
 West. 
 
 The peasantry of W estmea'h, which 
 is a county almost exclusively rural, 
 are described as lively, intelligent, and 
 ready-witted, hasty in their tempers, 
 prone to litigation, and sturdy oppon- 
 ents of any innovations on the habits 
 and customs of their forefathers. 
 They are much addicted to supersti- 
 tious practices, many of which are lu- 
 dicrously absurd. On the second 
 Sunday of August, which they call 
 Garlic Sunday, they immerse their 
 horses in one of the lakes, from a be- 
 lief that they will be thus secured 
 from injury during the remainder of 
 the year. A stream which sinks into 
 the ground near Fore is held in such 
 veneration that fish taken out of it 
 will not be eaten. The favourite gar- 
 ment of the men is a large loose coat, 
 with which they go to the fairs and 
 markets even in the heat of summer, 
 attended by their wives, who transact 
 most of the business. The married 
 women always retain their maiden 
 names, spin wool and flax, perform 
 the household work, and take a pro- 
 minent share in the labours of the 
 field. Their cottages are ill con- 
 structed, often without chimneys, and 
 poorly furnished ; and a disinclination 
 to improvement on their farms and to 
 domestic cleanliness is very apparent. 
 The con-acre system is prevalent in 
 all parts of the county. 
 
 The Royal Canal crosses the county 
 from east to north-west, and within 
 it is partly the branch of the Grand 
 Canal to Kilbeggan. The principal 
 roads are those respectively to Long- 
 ford and Athlone. 
 
 This county fell to the elder daugh- 
 ter of Walter de Lacy, Earl of Meath, 
 who had married Sir Theobald Ver 
 don, but it was so much neglected 
 that the English law3 were not obey- 
 ed for a hundred years. The native 
 Irish levied a tributary on the English 
 settlers on the system pursued by 
 the Scotish Rob Roys, and the county 
 was the scene of their frequent hos- 
 tilities. Westmeath was separated 
 
THE GAZETTEER 
 
 WEX 
 
 from East Meath in the 34th of Hen- 
 ry VIII., and at first comprised Long- 
 ford, which was detached in the reign 
 of Elizabeth. 
 
 The county is included in the Home 
 Circuit, and the general expenses are 
 defrayed by Grand Jury Present- 
 ments. Westmeath gives the title of 
 Marquis to the Noble Family of Nu- 
 gent, settled in Ireland since the reign 
 of Henry II., and descended from 
 Christopher, the third brother of Sir 
 Gilbert Nugent, who accompanied 
 Hugh de Lacy to Ireland. Richard 
 | tenth Baron of Delvin, and fourth by 
 I writ, was created Earl of Westmeath 
 1 in 1621. George eighth Earl was ad- 
 | vanced to the dignity of Marquis of 
 I Westmeath in 1822. The county re- 
 turns two members to the Imperial 
 I Parliament ; constituency in 1840-1, 
 1306. Population in 1831, 136,782. 
 
 WESTMORESTOWN, a parish 
 and vicarage in the Barony of New- 
 castle, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, near Leixlip. 
 
 WESTPALSTOWN, a parish, vi- 
 carage, and village, in the Barony of 
 Balrothery, county and Archdiocese of 
 Dublin, on the Ballyboghill stream, 
 forming part of the Prebend of Cion- 
 methan in St Patrick’s Cathedral. 
 
 WESTPORT, a market-town and 
 sea-port in the parish of Aughaval, 
 county of Mayo, on the west angle of 
 Clow Bay. It is a thriving place, 
 134f Irish miles from Dublin by Bal- 
 linasloe, Tuam, and Castlebar ; and 
 125§ Irish miles by Athlone, Ballina- 
 more, Dunmore-West, Claremorris, 
 and Castlebar. The principal streets 
 j were laid out by John first Marquis of 
 I Sligo, whose seat of Westport House 
 is in the adjoining splendid demesne, 
 which unfortunately separates the 
 port and principal corn stores from 
 the town. Westport occupies a nar- 
 row valley, watered by a beautiful 
 mountain stream which runs through 
 the town, and parallel to which two 
 of the principal streets are built, 
 shaded by rows of trees forming the 
 North and South Malls. In these 
 streets are the Court-House, large Ro- 
 800 
 
 man Catholic chapel, Hotels, and other 
 buildings ; the parish church is in the 
 Marquis of Sligo’s demesne, and in the 
 town are a small Methodist and Pres- 
 byterian meeting-house. The other 
 streets diverging from the Malls are in 
 many places steep. The linen trade has 
 fallen off, but much business is done 
 in corn and provisions, and a distil- 
 lery and brewery add to the bustle of 
 the place. In 1835 the exports amount- 
 ed to L. 87, 805; imports, L. 28, 517. The 
 town has a Branch of the Bank of 
 Ireland, and of the National Bank of j 
 Ireland. Westport has many ad van- j 
 tages as a sea-bathing resort, and 
 many pleasant excursions can be made j 
 into the interior of its picturesque 
 district. The estates of the Marquis j 
 of Sligo in this quarter are said to | 
 comprise upwards of 100,000 acres. 
 Among the mountains that of Croagh- j 
 Patrick, or the Reek, is conspicuous ! 
 (see Croagh-Patrick). Population | 
 in 1831, 4448. 
 
 WEXFORD, a maritime county of 
 the Province of Leinster, bounded on 
 the east by St George’s Channel, on the 
 south by the Atlantic, on the north by 
 Wicklow, and on the west by Water- 
 ford, Kilkenny, and Carlow. The j 
 greatest length is 55 miles from j 
 north to south, and the greatest 
 breadth 34 miles from east to west ; 
 the area is 882 square miles, or 
 564,479 statute acres, of which 545,979 
 are cultivated, and 18,500 are unim- 
 proved bog and mountain. The coun- 
 ty is divided into the eight Baron- 
 ies of Ballagkeen, Bantry, Bargie, 
 Forth, Gorey, Scarewalsh, Shelburne, 
 and Shelmalier, comprising 143 pa- 
 rishes, all, with the exception of two 
 in the Archdiocese of Dublin, in the 
 Diocese of Ferns. 
 
 The coast on the eastern side from 
 Arklow to Wexford Harbour is dan- 
 gerous, and the only place of refuge 
 is the small artificial harbour of Cour- 
 town, which is accessible merely to 
 small vessels. In this quarter are a 
 series of sand-banks, called Kilgor- 
 man, the Rusk and Ram, and Black- 
 water Bank, the southern point of the 
 
WEX 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 WEX 
 
 Arklo w sand-bank indicated by a float- 
 ing light. Wexford Harbour is a ca- 
 pacious and safe basin, completely 
 land-locked, but the entrance is ob- 
 structed by a bar, on which there are 
 at times not more than seven feet wa- 
 ter. and the shifting sand-banks with- 
 in renders the navigation up to the 
 quay of Wexford very hazardous to 
 those well acquainted with the chan- 
 nel. Within the Harbour are the 
 islets of Beg-Erin and Great Ireland, 
 on which are the ruins of monastic 
 buildings. The basin forms two pen- 
 insulas, that on the north terminated 
 by Raven Point, and that on the south, 
 between which is the entrance, by 
 Roslare Point and Fort. Between 
 Greensore and Carnsore Points is the 
 Tuskar Rock, about five miles from 
 the shore, having a revolving light, 
 with two faces bright and one deep 
 red, and bells are rung in foggy weath- 
 1 er. This part of the coast of Wex- 
 ! ford to Waterford Harbour is also 
 ! dangerous. West of Carnsore Point the 
 ! shoreis indented by inlets. In thisquar- 
 ] ter are the two Saltee Islands, south of 
 j which are the Koningmore and Kon- 
 ingbeg Rocks and a floating light, 
 j The Saltees comprise 100 acres of rich 
 pasturage. On the larger island were 
 arrested, on the 26th of June 1798, 
 Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey, Esq., 
 commander of the rebel forces in 
 Wexford county, and John Colclough, 
 
 I Esq., a prominent leader in the insur- 
 I rection, who were conveyed prisoners 
 j to the town of Wexford, tried on the 
 I 27th, and executed on the 28th. Be- 
 tween the Saltees and the mainland is 
 the narrow rocky ridge called St Pa- 
 I trick’s Bridge, covered by from seven 
 to ten feet water at ebb tide. Farther 
 west are the fishing villages of Cross- 
 farnogue and Fethard, the latter a dry 
 creek at low water. The projecting 
 and fertile promontory of Hook Head 
 ! forms the eastern side of Waterford 
 Harbour and the western side of Bally- 
 teigue Bay ; and here is the point call- 
 ' ed Bagenbon Head, at which the Eng- 
 lish first landed for the conquest of 
 Ireland. 
 
 The principal mountains are the 
 termination of the great Wicklow 
 group on the north, the highest sum- 
 mits of which are Slieveboy, Kilke- 
 van, Connar Hill, and Crogban-Kin- 
 shela. On the western side the county 
 is bounded by the rugged chain of 
 Mount Leinster and Blackstairs. The 
 prominent elevations, within the coun- 
 ty are theCamerousHill.Carrickburne, 
 Lackan, Forth Mountain, and Tara 
 Hill, which is a shelving landmark on 
 the east coast ; and these vary from 
 600 to nearly 830 feet. The other 
 hills are low, and the south eastern 
 extremity of the county, which in- 
 cludes the Baronies of Forth and Bar- 
 gie, is a level peninsula, nearly shut 
 out from the other district by the 
 Forth Hills and Wexford Harbour. 
 The Slaney is the principal river, and 
 is navigable for barges to Enniscor- 
 thy, entering Wexford Harbour at 
 Carrig, at which are the remains 
 of the Norman castle built by Fitz- 
 stephen after his landing. The Ban- 
 now enters the bay of its name, and 
 the Bannow is the western boundary 
 of the county from the base of the 
 Blackstairs Mountains to its conflu- 
 ence with the Suir in Waterford Har- 
 bour. Lough Ta, near Carnsore 
 Point, is the only lake, of limited ex- 
 tent, fed by several small streams, and 
 having no natural outlet, is discharged 
 into the sea by an artificial cut to 
 prevent it inundating the surround- j 
 ing low district. 
 
 The Baronies of Forth and Bargie 
 are the best cultivated in the county, 
 and are inhabited by the descendants 
 of a South Welsh colony in the reign 
 of Henry II., whose manners, customs, 
 dress, and even language, altogether 
 differ as widely from those of the peo- 
 ple in the other Baronies as if they 
 were in separate islands. This dis- 
 trict commences close to the town of 
 Wexford, and the inhabitants arc uni- 
 versally reputed to be industrious, so- 
 ber, provident, peaceable, and cleanly, 
 exhibiting a pride in external decency 
 of appearance uncommon in the adja- 
 cent Baronies, or even throughout 
 
 801 
 
WEX THE GAZETTEER WEX 
 
 j Ireland. “ I found a country/* ob- 
 i serves Mr Inglis, “ without any natu- 
 1 ral beauty, but with every tiling else 
 to recommend it. The farm-houses 
 | and cottages, for they are cottages 
 j rather than cabins, are very thickly 
 strewn, and, with few exceptions, the 
 I former substantial, the latter clean 
 and comfortable. The farther I tra- 
 velled into the district the more strik- 
 ing became its characteristics; and 
 j not only did I find the interior of the 
 1 cabins comfortable, but in the flower- 
 plots and little ornamental gardens I 
 recognized the traits I have enume- 
 rated. In the husbandry of the dis- 
 trict there was every thing to recom- 
 | mend. The land was well laboured 
 and cleaned ; the crops of wheat and 
 ; beans — the cultivation of which is 
 1 extensively pursued here — were ex- 
 | cellent ; and a serviceable plough, with 
 two horses and one mao, showed some 
 knowledge of the economy of labour. 
 
 ! In this district few are unable to find 
 employment, though the wages are 
 not higher than in other places, nor 
 consequently the mode of life greatly 
 different. — Farms run from ten to fifty 
 and sixty acres, but farms of thirty 
 to forty acres are the most usual.” 
 Many of the people of this district 
 have never been farther than the town 
 of Wexford, and look on all beyond 
 the Forth Mountain as a foreign coun- 
 try. Numerous old castles, or rather 
 towers at the corners of battlemented 
 | court-yards, occur in this quarter, of 
 which that of Rathmacknee, in good 
 ! preservation, is a fine specimen. The 
 number of religious edifices in the Ba- 
 rony is not behind the military memori- 
 als. It appears that there were eighteen 
 churches, thirty-three chapels, one for 
 each castle, two convents, and an hos- 
 pital. The elegant modern seat of 
 1 Johnstown Castle, the residence of a 
 gentleman who is said to be a descend- 
 ant of the Scotish Reformer John 
 Knox, is nearly in the centre of the 
 Barony, in a beautiful situation. In 
 the Barony of Bargie is Bargie Cas- 
 tle, formerly the property of the un- 
 fortunate rebel leader, Beauchamp 
 802 
 
 Bagenal Harvey, by whom it was for- 
 feited at his conviction, but subse- 
 quently restored to his brother. The 
 manners and customs of the other 
 Baronies resemble those of the pea- 
 santry of the surrounding counties, 
 exhibiting less attention to external 
 appearance and domestic comfort, the 
 farming less precise, and much of it 
 very primitive. “ The people of Wex- 
 ford county generally,” says Mr Inglis, 
 : ‘are said to be a money-getting people ; 
 and in the system which prevails ex- 
 tensively with regard to marriages 
 among the rural population there is 
 considerable evidence of this. The 
 disposal of farmers’ daughters is mat- 
 ter of regular traffic, acre for acre, or 
 pound for pound ; and so great is the 
 difficulty of marrying girls without 
 portions, that it is no unusual thing to 
 find families, who are in comfortable 
 circumstances, living as poorly as the 
 common labourer or the rack-rented 
 tenant of a few acres, in order that 
 they may save a few hundreds fov for- 
 tuning off their girls.” 
 
 The raising of grain and the rearing 
 of cattle are almost the sole occupa- 
 tions of the inhabitants, and agricul- 
 tural produce the chief export. The 
 principal crops are barley, beans, and 
 potatoes. Most of the cabins can ; 
 boast of a pig, and the animals are ; 
 often inmates, where they are con- 
 sidered to have as good a right to be i 
 as the family, because, according to 
 Pat, “ it‘s he (meaning the pig) that 1 
 pays the rint." Much butter is sent 
 to Dublin through Gorey, and also to 
 Liverpool, with swine and poultry. 
 Some of the farmers attend to the 
 rearing of bees. The sandy reaches 
 near the shore form burrows for my- ! 
 riads of rabbits, the flesh of which is 
 of a peculiar fine flavour. Round 
 fish are taken in large quantities on : 
 the eastern extremity of the Nymph 
 Bank, and at the floating light station 
 off the Saltees. The inshore fishing 
 employs many hands, and shell-fish is 
 abundant. The Wexford oyster? find 
 a ready market in Dublin, more on 
 account of their size Shantheii.' flavour. 
 
WEX 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 WEX 
 
 The Danes kept possession of this 
 part of Ireland until the arrival of the 
 English, who landed at Bagenbon Head 
 in 1169, under Robert Fitzstepben, 
 Maurice Fitzgerald, and Hugh de 
 Montmorency, and took the town of 
 Wexford. This remarkable promon- 
 tory lies directly opposite Cardigan 
 in Wales, and is a bold headland of 
 probably 30 acres. A lesser promon- 
 tory runs from it at right angles, 
 stretching to the east, about 200 yards 
 long and 70 yards broad, presenting 
 inaccessible cliffs except at the ex- 
 treme point, which is easily ascended. 
 Outside of this ridge is an insular 
 rock. Here Fitzstephen ran in and 
 moored his ships, and though in heavy 
 armour he leaped from this rock to 
 the promontory. This feat is still 
 pointed out as Fitzsteplien's Stride. 
 Some of his hastily thrown up fortifi- 
 cations remain. MacMurrough, King 
 of Leinster, to whose aid these adven- 
 turers came to Ireland, granted the 
 town and the adjoining Barony of 
 Forth to Fitzstephen, and that of Bar- 
 gie to Montmorency'. The latter was 
 confirmed by Henry II., but Forth 
 was taken from Fitzstephen and made 
 part of the Fidatinate of Leinster, 
 which was assigned by Henry to Earl 
 Strongbow, the first undertaker of 
 the adventure, and chief leader of 
 the forces. The district descended 
 through the female line to William 
 Earl Marshal, at whose death without 
 male issue it was portioned among his 
 five daughters, the second of whom, 
 wife of Warren de Mountchency, ob- 
 tained Wexford. The county, which 
 was afterwards partly seized by the 
 Kavenaghs, the descendants of King 
 MacMurrough, was constituted shire 
 ground by King John in 1210, and the 
 lordship having descended to the Earl 
 of Shrewsbury, it was divided into 
 the districts of the Liberty and the 
 Cross , the former governed by officers 
 appointed by the Earl, and the latter 
 by those of the Crown. The Earl of 
 Shrewsbury’s property, however, be- 
 came vested in the Crown under the 
 statute regarding absentees passed in 
 £03 
 
 ,1537. The county was reduced i.-> 
 Cromwell, whose career in this dis- 
 trict was noted by great cruelties. 
 
 | The inhabitants remained quiet, with 
 : the exception of the Whiteboys in 1774, 
 ( and the Defenders in 1793, till 1798, 
 (when the county became the princi- 
 pal seat of the rebellion in the south- 
 ern counties, and the town of Wex- 
 ford w’as made the head-quarters of 
 the insurgents. 
 
 The county expenses are defrayed 
 by the usual Grand Jury Present- 
 ments. Wexford returns two mem- 
 bers to the Imperial Parliament; con- 
 stituency in 1830-1, 3031. Population 
 in 1831, 182,991. 
 
 WEXFORD, the county town, is si- 
 tuated on the south side of the Slaney, 
 where the river falls into Wexford 
 Harbour, 74 Irish miles from Dublin, 
 by Bray, Newtown-Mount-Kennedy, 
 Rathdrum, Arklow, and Enniscorthy ; 
 64 Irish miles by Bray, Kilcool. 
 Rathnew, Arklow', Gorey, and Oul 
 art; and 70 Irish miles by Blessing 
 ton, Tullow, Newtownbarry, and En 
 niscorthy. The town was founded 
 by the Danes, and having been taken 
 by the English at their arrival after a 
 siege of four days, soon became a 
 place of importance. A charter was 
 obtained in 1318, which was confirm- 
 ed by James I. in 1608. The Earl of 
 Desmond held a Parliament in this 
 town in 1463. The Priory of Regu- 
 lar Canons, dedicated to St Peter and 
 St Paul of Selsker, was said to have 
 been founded by the Danes, and en- 
 dowed by the Roche family. The 
 Priory of Knights Hospitallers was 
 founded by William Earl Marshal, 
 and dedicated to St John and St 
 Bridgid, was, before the extinction of 
 the Order, the Grand Commandery in 
 Ireland — an honour subsequently con- 
 ferred on Kilmainham, neaf Dublin. 
 The Conventual Franciscans formed 
 a settlement in the town in the reign 
 of Henry III., and their house was 
 rebuilt in 1486. An hospital for lepers 
 was also in the town, which still re- 
 tains many vestiges of antiquity, and 
 the traces of the old walls are yet 
 
WEX 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 WEX 
 
 seen. The ecclesiastical ruins are 
 those of the Priory of St Selsker and 
 St Mary’s Church, which, though 
 small, are of elegant workmanship. 
 It seems that the word Selsker is a 
 corruption of Sepulchre, and refers to 
 the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem. 
 The first treaty with the English in 
 1196 was signed in this Abbey or 
 Priory, and close to this is the modern 
 parish church. 
 
 At the breaking out of the war of 
 1641, the inhabitants took part with 
 the Confederated Roman Catholics, 
 and the town continued in their pos- 
 session till it was taken in 1649 by 
 Cromwell, either by force or treach- 
 ery. The garrison, 2000 in number, 
 were inhumanly subjected to military 
 execution, and many of the inhabit- 
 ants put to the sword. A rock, 
 called Cromwell's Rock, is pointed out 
 as the spot where he planted his can- 
 non. In the war of the Revolution 
 the inhabitants declared for King Wil- 
 liam. During the unhappy Rebellion 
 of 1798 the town was seized and occu- 
 pied by the insurgents, until their 
 main body were entirely defeated at 
 Vinegar Hill. At that time the town 
 consisted of two almost parallel 
 streets within, and one without, the 
 line of the old wall. The street next 
 the harbour and quays began at the 
 open space called The Faith at the 
 south end, and was called Barrack 
 Street, near the Barracks, but chiefly 
 Main Street, terminating at Artillery 
 Park on the north. About the cen- 
 tre was the Bull Ring, and near this 
 open space the Court-House and pa- 
 rish church. Diverging streets led 
 into Back Street and Selsker Street, 
 its continuation, in which was the 
 Corn Market, and at the north end 
 Selsker parish church. John’s Lane 
 and Chapel Lane communicated with 
 John Street, containing St John’s pa- 
 rish church and a Roman Catholic 
 chapel. The rebels entered Wexford 
 on the 30th of May, the garrison hav- 
 ing abandoned the town as untenable, 
 and retreated to Duncannon Fort. 
 They appointed a person named 
 804 
 
 Keugh, who had been originally a 
 private in the King’s service, and had 
 risen to the rank of captain-lieuten- 
 ant in the 65th Regiment, governor 
 of the town. The rebels perpetrated 
 most infamous atrocities at Wexford, 
 and massacred numbers, especially on 
 the Bridge. 
 
 The town and neighbourhood in- 
 cludes the parishes of St Iberius, St 
 Mary’s, St Michael, St Patrick, St 
 Selsker, and Tulloge, all in the Barony 
 of Forth, and Diocese of Ferns. The 
 public buildings are the County Court 
 House, Jail, House of Correction, In- 
 firmary, Fever Hospital, House of In- 
 dustry, small Lunatic Asylum, the 
 Town-House, a Barrack, the parish 
 churches of St Iberius and St Selsker, 
 several Roman Catholic chapels and 
 schools, including St Peter’s College 
 for the education of Roman Catholic 
 theological students, a Diocesan 
 School, and numerous others, and 
 some small Dissenting meeting- 
 houses. The old Jail, noted in the 
 Rebellion of 1798, is now used as an 
 asylum for paupers. The Slaney is 
 crossed by the wooden bridge built 
 by Mr Lemuel Cox, 1570 feet in 
 length, and memorable for the mas- 
 sacre perpetrated on it in 1798 by 
 the rebels. Part of it is now of stone. 
 Opposite this bridge is the Court- 
 House, an excellent building. The 
 quays are extensive, convenient, and 
 substantial, and though large vessels 
 are prevented by the bar from ap- 
 proaching them, they are often crowd- 
 ed with trading sloops, several of 
 which belong to the town. The prin- 
 cipal streets, however, are narrow 7 , 
 and ill adapted for business ; but the 
 town is clean, and most respectably 
 inhabited. “ The best part of Wex- 
 ford,” says Mr Inglis, “ is seen before 
 getting fairly into it. The localities 
 are soon described. It consists of 
 one very long and very narrow street, 
 and a quay running parallel to it of 
 nearly equal length, together with a 
 few short side streets somewhat wider 
 than the main street, and not so much 
 the resort of business. A very long 
 
WHI 
 
 WEX OF IRELAND. 
 
 poor suburb is chiefly inhabited by 
 fishermen. There are many good 
 shops in Wexford, and I heard no 
 complaint of want of trade.' * Pro- 
 visions of all kinds are remarkably 
 cheap, and the supply of fish is abun- 
 dant. 
 
 The trade of Wexford is in- 
 creasing, and the commerce of the 
 place is facilitated by the Branches 
 of the Provincial Bank of Ireland, 
 the Bank of Ireland, and the Na- 
 tional Bank of Ireland. Steamers 
 plying regularly to Liverpool, and 
 the shipping interest has been im- 
 proved by the erection of Morton’s 
 patent slip and a ship-building yard. 
 Here is a large distillery, and a vast 
 business is carried on in the provision 
 trade. In 1835 the exports amounted 
 to L.312,136; the imports, L. 621, 417. 
 In that year the registered vessels be- 
 longing to the port were 109 ; ton- 
 nage, 6750. The environs of Wex- 
 ford are hilly and very picturesque. 
 The Corporation, by the Municipal 
 Reform Act, consists of the Mayor, 
 Sheriffs, Free Burgesses, and Com- 
 monalty. The Mayor holds a Court 
 of Record for any amount, and there 
 is also a Court of Conscience for 
 debts under L.2. The magnificent 
 column on the rock of Carrig-a- 
 Dagon, between Wexford aud Ross, 
 adjoining the mail road, was erected 
 by General Brown Clayton. It is a fac- 
 simile of the celebrated Pompey’s 
 Pillar at Alexandria, and is designed 
 to commemorate the conquest of 
 Egypt under Sir Ralph Abercromby, 
 when General Clayton commanded 
 the 12th Dragoons. The column, in- 
 cluding the capital, is of the Corin- 
 thian order, constructed of the finest 
 cut granite, and is 94 feet four inches 
 high. The whole of the works were 
 conducted under the direction and 
 according to the designs of Mr Cobden, 
 Architect, of London, and the column 
 was finished in 1841. Wexford gives 
 the title of Earl to the Earl of 
 Shrewsbury, and returns one mem 
 ber to the Imperial Parliament ; con- 
 stituency in 1849-1, 289. Population 
 805 
 
 : in 1831, 10,673; by a census taken in 
 1834, 14,670. 
 
 WHIDDY ISLAND, a beautiful 
 Island in Bantry Bay, or rather in the 
 inlet of Berehaven, near the town of 
 Bantry. It is about three miles in 
 length by from one to a quarter of a 
 mile in breadth, and contains between 
 400 and 500 inhabitants. Here are 
 the forts erected for the protection of 
 the Bay, and an old castle of the 
 O’Sullivans. A part of it is inclosed 
 as a deer-park for Lord Bantry, the 
 proprietor. 
 
 WHITE ABBEY, a village on the 
 shore of Belfast Lough, on a small 
 stream so called, near Carrickfergus. 
 
 WH1TEC ASTLE, a small village 
 in the parish of Moville, county of 
 Donegal, on Lough Foyle. 
 
 WHITECHURCH, *a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, partly in the Li- 
 berties of the city of Cork, and partly 
 in the Barony of Fermoy, Diocese of 
 Cloyne. Population in 1831, 2856. 
 Post-town, Cork. 
 
 WHITECHURCH, a parish and 
 perpetual curacy in the Half-Barony 
 of Rathdown, county and Archdiocese 
 of Dublin, five miles south of Dublin. 
 Population in 1831, 1719. 
 
 WHITECHURCH, a parish and 
 vicarage in the Barony of North Naas, 
 county and Diocese of. Kildare, three 
 miles from Naas. 
 
 WHITECHURCH, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Barony of 
 Iverk, county of Kilkenny, and Dio- 
 cese of Ossory. Population in 1831, 
 778. Post-town, Carrick-on-Suir. 
 
 WHITECHURCH, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Iffa and Offa, county of Tipperary, and 
 Diocese of Lismore. Population in 
 1831, 1218 Post-town, Cahir. 
 
 WHITECHURCH, a parish, im- 
 propriate rectory and vicarage, and 
 village, in the Barony of Decies- with- 
 out- Drum. county of Waterford, and 
 Diocese of Lismore. Population in 
 1831, 3176. Post-town, Dungarvan. 
 
 WHITECHURCH, a parish and 
 rectory, forming part of the corps of 
 a Prebend, in the Baronies of Bantry 
 3 Y 
 
WIC 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 WIC 
 
 and Shelburne, county of Wexford, 
 and Diocese of Ferns. Population in 
 1831, 1328. Post-town, New Ross. 
 
 WHITECHURCH-GLIN, a pa- 
 rish and impropriate curacy in the 
 Barony of Bantry, county of Wex- 
 ford, and Diocese of Ferns. Popula- 
 tion in 1831, 1738. Post-town, Tagh- 
 mon. 
 
 WIIITEG ATE, a fishing village in 
 the parish of Ahada, county of Cork, 
 five miles from the old episcopal town 
 of Cloyne. 
 
 WHITEHALL, a village chiefly in 
 the parish of Kilmocahill, county of 
 Kilkenny, four miles from Leighlin- 
 Bridge. 
 
 WHITEHOUSE, a village on the 
 Down side of Belfast Lough, near 
 Belfast, at which is the large cotton- 
 mill of Messrs Grimshavv, sons of the 
 gentleman who was instrumental in 
 introducing the cotton trade, and 
 who in 1784 erected the first cotton- 
 mill in Ii’eland. 
 
 WHITESTO WN, a village near the 
 «ast coast and entrance of Carling- 
 ford Bay. 
 
 WHITEWATER, a stream which 
 issues from the Few Hills in Armagh, 
 and enters the Blackwater at Moy. 
 
 WICKLOW, a maritime county in 
 the Province of Leinster, is bounded 
 on the north by the county of Dublin, 
 on the east by St George’s Channel, 
 on the south by Wexford, and on the 
 west by Carlow, Kildare, and a de- 
 tached portion of Dublin. The great- 
 est length from north to south is up- 
 wards of 40 miles, and the greatest 
 breadth from east to west is 33 miles. 
 The area is variously estimated at 773 
 square miles, or 494,704 statute acres, 
 of which 400,704 are cultivated, and 
 94,000 are uncultivated; and781 square 
 miles, or 500,178 acres, of which 
 405,039 are cultivated, 94,100 are un- 
 improved bog and mountain, and 1039 
 are covered with water. The county 
 is divided into the seven Baronies of 
 Arklow, Ballinacor, Newcastle, Rath- 
 drum, Shillelagh, and Upper and 
 Lower Talbotstown, the whole com- 
 prising 58 parishes, 49 of which are in 
 806 
 
 the Archdiocese of Dublin, seven in 
 the Diocese of Leighlin, and two in 
 that of Ferns. Another division as- 
 signs only the three entire Baronies 
 of Arklow, Ballinacor, and Newcastle, 
 and the Half-Baronies of Rathdown, 
 Shillelagh, and Upper and Lower 
 Talbotstown. Several of the pa- 
 rishes form Unions, as in the case of 
 Arklow, which is a union of no less 
 than eight. 
 
 The coast of Wicklow presents a 
 series of splendid prospects, but it is 
 peculiarly dangerous on account of its 
 sand-banks. These are the Kish Bank, 
 each extremity marked by a floating 
 light, Bray Bank, the Codling, South 
 Ridge, Wicklow, and Arklow Banks, 
 the southern extremity of the last also 
 indicated by a floating light. The har- 
 bours on the whole line of coast are 
 Arklow and Wicklow, and these are j 
 only accessible to small vessels, but a 
 few creeks afford shelter to fishing ; 
 craft. The projecting point of Wick- 
 low Head has two fixed lights. 
 
 Wicklow abounds with the most 
 delightful and romantic scenery, espe- 
 cially in its numerous glens, and the j 
 county is consequently a favourite 
 with tourists for a summer ramble. 
 The more celebrated of these are the 
 Dargle near the Dublin boundary, 
 Glencullen, Glencree, the Glen of the 
 Downs, the Devil’s Glen, Glenma- 
 lure, the Glen of Imail, the Vale 
 of Avoca, poetically the Meeting of j 
 the Waters, Glendalough, and others, j 
 The legends connected with these are 
 preserved in the beautiful national 
 ballads of Mr Thomas Moore. The 
 picturesque scenes of Wicklow are 
 not, however, confined exclusively to 
 these wooded defiles. Lough Tay, or 
 Luggela, Lough Dan, Lough Bray, 
 the lakes of Glendalough, Lough Na- 
 hanagan, Lough Ouler, and Lough 
 Smogefin, are fine and interesting 
 sheets of water drawn from the sur- 
 rounding mountains, and discharging 
 numerous streams which meander 
 through the glens. The Slane waters 
 the west of the county, and passes into 
 Carlow. The Liffey rises in this 
 
WIC OF IRELAND.’ WIC 
 
 county, and also the Vartrey, which 
 issues from the Djouce Mountain. 
 
 The principal elevations in "Wick- 
 low are Lugnaquilla, Thonalegee, 
 Kippure, Djouce, Comaderry, Slieve- 
 gadoe, Cadeen, Seechon, Croghan- 
 kinshela, the Great Sugar-Loaf, and 
 Garry-Castle, all varying from be- 
 tween 2000 and 3000 feet, and the first 
 named 3039 feet. The inferior moun- 
 tains, from 1100 to 1900 feet, are the 
 Three Rock Mountains adjoining 
 Garry-Castle, Slievebrick, Glencree 
 Barracks, Spynan’s Hill, Eadeston 
 Hill, Brisselstown Hill, Kilranela, 
 Baltinglass Hill, and the Little Sugar- 
 Loaf. Bray Head is between 800 and 
 900 feet above the level of the sea. 
 The face of the county is thus ex- 
 tremely varied, in one part rich, level, 
 and fertile, in another mountainous 
 and barren. The district extending 
 from Bray to Arklow, bounded on 
 the east by the sea, and on the west by 
 the mountains, is rich, beautiful, and 
 fertile. The central division, in the 
 north and south direction, is moun- 
 tainous, barren, and desolate, but 
 abounding with minerals where iron 
 was procured in ancient times, and 
 : probably gold, and where copper and 
 lead are obtained in profusion. The 
 annual produce of the lead mines now 
 in operation is estimated at 2500 tons, 
 valued at L.38,000; and of copper and 
 lead in other mines, 12,500 tons, worth 
 L.35 000. The Wicklow Copper Min- 
 ing Company paid in February 1841 a 
 dividend of per cent, out of the 
 profits of the half year ending 1st Sep- 
 tember 1840. The more westerly di- 
 vision of the county possesses both 
 mountains and lowlands, but is neither 
 so picturesque nor interesting as the 
 others, and the Barony of Shillelagh is 
 so remote and inconvenient of ap- 
 proach, that it is seldom seen except 
 by its own inhabitants. Two main 
 lines of road conduct the tourist 
 through the county. Proceeding 
 from the city of Dublin through the 
 Scalp, the demesne of Powerscourt, 
 the Dargle, the Glen of the Downs, i 
 Delgany, the Devil’s Glen, Luggela, 
 807 
 
 Glendalough, and the Vale of the 
 Avoca, to Arklow, a constant succes- 
 sion of the finest rural scenes is pre- 
 sented to the eye. The other main 
 road along the western side, through 
 the romantic vale of the Slaney, is 
 scarcely inferior in beauty, and easy 
 access is obtained by the military road 
 to the intermediate mountain tracts, 
 in which are numerous landscapes of 
 lake, cliff, and glen. Much of the 
 natural wood of the county is fortu- 
 nately preserved, and extensive plan- 
 tations are yearly rising round the 
 mansions and villas, with which a 
 great part of the county is literally 
 studded. 
 
 The soil is various, that along the 
 coast and the banks of the rivers be- 
 ing fertile, abounding with limestone, 
 limestone gravel, and marl ; and the 
 mountain tracts covered writh heath 
 and turf, and having a due proportion 
 of bog. The latter districts afford 
 fine pasturage for sheep. The county 
 is almost entirely agricultural, the 
 produce generally sent to Dublin, but 
 considerable exports and imports are 
 effected at Arklow and Wicklow. The 
 peasantry resemble those of the more 
 remote districts in their habits, dwell- 
 ings, and modes of life. The fishery 
 along the coast is sadly neglected. 
 
 Wicklow was made shire-ground 
 by James I. The inhabitants adhered 
 to the Royal cause during the w^ar of 
 1641, but submitted without opposi- 
 tion to Cromwell. In 1798 several 
 bands of the insurgents, after the dis- 
 persion of their main body, found re- 
 fuge in the mountains, and continued 
 to harass the neighbourhood till tran- 
 quillity was restored. The county 
 expenses are defrayed by the usual 
 Grand Jury Presentments. Two 
 Members are returned to the Imperial 
 Parliament ; constituency in 1840-1, 
 1740. Population in 1831, 121,557. 
 
 WICKLOW, the county town, in 
 the Barony of Arklow, a rectory and 
 vicarage, and part of the' corps of a 
 Prebend in St Patrick’s Cathedral, 
 Dublin, occupying an elevated site at 
 the mouth of the Vartrey or Leitrim 
 
WIC 
 
 THE GAZETTEER 
 
 WIT 
 
 river, is a mile and a half to the left 
 of Rathnew, on the road from Dublin 
 to Arklow, and about 26 Irish miles 
 from the metropolis. The town was 
 originally the site of a castle erected 
 by Maurice Fitzgerald, which was 
 long maintained as a post of conse- 
 quence under the superintendence of 
 a constable. Wicklow is a small 
 place, the streets mean-looking and 
 irregular, and derives most of its sup- 
 port from the assizes and sessions. 
 The County Court House and Jail are 
 plain edifices, and the parish church 
 is only prominent for its elevated site, 
 surrounded by trees. The remains 
 of a small Abbey, founded by the 
 O'Tooles of Imail in the reign of 
 Henry III. for Conventual Francis- 
 cans, are still preserved in a private 
 i garden in the town, and on an impend- 
 ing sea cliff are the vestiges of Black 
 Castle, built by William Fitzwilliam 
 in 1375. A short distance west of 
 this fortified rock is Wicklow Head, 
 on which are three lighthouses, and 
 beneath this promontory are several 
 curious caves of slate rock excavated 
 by the breakers. North of the town 
 is the extensive flat sandy tract of the 
 Murrough, partly insulated by the 
 Leitrim river, on which the races are 
 held. This peninsula incloses a long 
 narrow basin, in which vessels draw- 
 ing less than eight feet water can en- 
 ter at spring tides. In addition to 
 the Court House and Jail, the town 
 contains a Roman Catholic chapel, an 
 Infantry Barrack, two good inns, a 
 subscription school for 70 boys and 70 
 girls, and a Classical school, the latter 
 endowed by a former Earl of Chester- 
 field with twelve acres. The market 
 day is Saturday, and fairs are held on 
 the 28th of March, on Ascension Day, 
 the 12th of August, and 25th of No- 
 vember. Wicklow has been long 
 noted for its excellent ale, which is in 
 great repute. The port has some 
 trade, though the present state of the 
 bar and harbour is a great obstacle. 
 In 1835 the value of the exports was 
 L.86,565 ; imports, L.15,671. The 
 copper ore raised in the neighbouring 
 808 
 
 mines is shipped here, and consider- 
 able quantities of lime are imported 
 from the Howth coast, burned, and 
 carted into the remote mountain dis- 
 tricts. The corporate rights of the 
 town were confirmed by a charter of 
 James I. in 1613, to be enjoyed under 
 a Portreeve, Burgesses, and Freemen, 
 who were exempted from harbour 
 dues and the right of pasturage in the 
 Murrough. The landed property be- 
 longing to the town is about 300 acres. 
 By the Municipal Act the former 
 Corporation was dissolved, and power 
 given to form a new one, under the 
 title of the Portreeve, Free Burgesses, 
 and Commonalty of the Town of Wick- 
 low. The place gives the title of 
 Earl, in the Peerage of Ireland, to the 
 Noble Family of Howard, descended 
 more immediately from the Right 
 Rev. Robert Howard, Lord Bishop of 
 Elphin, who died in 1740. His Lord- 
 ship was succeeded in his estates by 
 his eldest son, Ralph Howard, Esq., 
 M.P. for the county, who was created 
 Baron Clonmore in 1778, and Viscount 
 Wicklow in 1785. This Nobleman 
 married Alice, only daughter and 
 heiress of William Forward, Esq., of 
 Castle-Forward, county of Donegal, 
 who was created Countess of Wick- 
 low, and was succeeded by her eldest 
 son Robert as Earl of Wicklow at her 
 death in 1807. Population in 1831, 
 2472. 
 
 WILLI AMSTOWN, a village in 
 the parish of Donny brook, three miles 
 from Dublin, on the shore of Dublin 
 Bay, much frequented for sea-bathing. 
 It is on the road to Kingstown. 
 
 WILLSTOWN, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Bailieborough, within three 
 miles of that town, county of Cavan, 
 on the Brora stream. 
 
 WINDGATES, a fishing village in 
 the parish of Bray, county of Wick- 
 low. 
 
 WITTER, a parish and vicarage in 
 the Barony of Ardes, county and 
 Diocese of Down, on the entrance to 
 Strangford Lough, forming part of 
 the corps of the Prebend of St An- 
 drew. Post-town, Downpatrick. 
 
YOU 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 YOU 
 
 "WOODFORD, a village in the pa- 
 rish of Ballinakill, county of Galway, 
 near the Shannon, seven miles from 
 Portumna. Near it is the residence 
 of Woodford House. Fairs are held 
 in May and October. 
 
 WOODFORD, a stream in the, 
 county of Fermanagh, which falls into 
 Lough Erne near the town of Bel- 
 turbet. On its banks is the demesne 
 of Ballyeounell. 
 
 WOOD-ISLAND, an inhabited 
 Island situated in Strangtord Lough. 
 See Strangford. 
 
 WOODS'CHAPEL, or Chapet.-in- 
 the-Woods, a district parish formed 
 from that of Ardtree, Barony of 
 
 Loughinsholin, county of London- 
 derry. It extends from near Monev- 
 more to the neighbourhood of Bel- 
 laghv, on the shore of Lough Neagh. 
 Population in 1831. 7471. 
 
 WOODSTOWN BAY, a Bay about 
 six miles from Waterford, midway 
 between Dunmore and Passage. In 
 this quarter are Woodstone, the fine 
 marine villa of Lord Carew, the resi- 
 dences of Ballyglan (Paul, Bart.), 
 Harbour View, and several handsome 
 villas. In the headland between 
 Woodstown and Credan are seve- ; 
 ral large caves, containing apart- j 
 ments of elegant symmetrical propor- , 
 tions. 
 
 YAGOE, or Yagoestowx, proper- 
 ly St Jago, a parish, rectory and vi- 
 carage, the former constituting the 
 corps of a Prebend, in the Barony of 
 South Naas, county of Kildare, and 
 Archdiocese of Dublin. Population 
 in 1831, 612. Post-towu, Naas. 
 
 YELLOW-FURZE, a village in the 
 parish of Painstown, county of Meath, 
 three miles west from Slane, on the 
 road from Dublin by Stackallen Bridge 
 to Nobber. Here is a neat Roman 
 Catholic chapel. 
 
 YELLOW RIVER, a stream in the 
 King's CouDty, which issues from 
 Lough Rusnel, a small lake in a mo- 
 rass at the northern base of the 
 ground sloping from Croghan Hill 
 toward the basin of the Boyne, and 
 descends between the mountains of 
 Benroy and Lugnnquilla, in a broad 
 and precipitous channel, to Lough 
 Garadice in Leitrim. 
 
 YOUGHAL, a market-town and 
 parliamentary borough in the parish 
 of St Mary’s, Barony of Iniskelly, 
 county of Cork, and Diocese of Cloyne, 
 on the western shore of the estuary of 
 the Black water, called Youghal Har- 
 bour. This town is 118 Irish miles 
 809 
 
 from Dublin, and 24 Irish miles from t 
 Cork, occupying the sides of an abrupt 
 hill which rises from the shore of the J 
 harbour. Youghal consists of one 1 
 main street, with smaller streets di- I 
 verging on each side, and the appear- 
 ance of the place from the other side 
 of the river is very pleasing and pic- 
 turesque, the houses on the steep 
 slopes mingling with the trees. This 
 town is of great antiquity, and the old 
 walls still form the boundary on the 
 summit of the hill to the westward. 
 
 A Monastery was founded here for 
 Franciscans by Maurice Fitzgerald, 
 Lord Justice of Ireland, in 1232; and 
 in 1268 a Dominican Friary was erect- 
 ed on the north side of the town, the 
 ruins of which still exist. Edward 
 IV. granted the first charter to Youg- 
 hal at the request of the Enrl of Des- 
 mond, and the privileges, which were 
 enlarged by succeeding monarchs, 
 were confirmed by James I. In 1579 
 the town held out for some time 
 against the Earl of Desmond, then in 
 rebellion, but it was eventually taken, 
 and the unfortunate Mayor was hang- 
 ed before the arrival of the Queen's 
 troops, who were on the march to 
 
YOU THE GAZETTEER YOU 
 
 relieve the place. Nothing of general 
 interest occurs in the history of the 
 town during the reigns of James I. 
 and Charles I. In 1648-9 the inha- 
 bitants proclaimed Charles II., yet 
 Cromwell was received without op- 
 position at his approach, and here he 
 embarked for England, after a suc- 
 cessful career in Ireland stained by 
 j great cruelties and massacres. 
 
 Youghal is intimately associated 
 | with a part of the life of Sir Walter 
 Raleigh, who, when he first visited 
 Ireland, was a mere soldier of fortune. 
 It is not well ascertained how long he 
 remained in the Kingdom, but he ac- 
 quired very considerable possessions, 
 of which the castle and manor of 
 Lismore, at which he founded a free 
 school, were a part. The house in 
 which he resided at Youghal is now 
 called Myrtle Grove, from the many 
 beautiful myrtles which flourish lux- 
 uriantly in the surrounding grounds, 
 some of them nearly 20 feet high, 
 and these, with the strawberry arbu- 
 tus, and many other delicate shrubs, 
 which, by their flourishing in this 
 quarter, afford sufficient evidence of 
 the mildness of the climate, and remind 
 the visitor of Raleigh’s refined taste 
 in the cultivation of this his favourite 
 retreat from the turmoil of a Court 
 life. The house, which resembles 
 the English manor of the reign of 
 Elizabeth and James I., was built in 
 1464, as the residence of the Warden 
 and Fellows of the Collegiate Church 
 of Youghal. It was greatly dilapi- 
 dated by the Earl of Desmond during 
 his rebellion, but was repaired by Sir 
 George Carew, Lord President of 
 Munster, in 1602, and again by Sir 
 Richard Boyle, afterwards Earl of 
 Cork, by whom it was used as a re- 
 sidence. Sir Richard Norris and Sir 
 George Carew both previously oc- 
 cupied this interesting mansion. The 
 walls are nearly five feet thick, and 
 the interior is in its original state, 
 wainscotted throughout with Irish 
 oak in excellent preservation, the 
 panels in some of the rooms, espe- 
 cially the drawing-room, richly carv- 
 810 
 
 j ed, and the chimney-piece in that 
 apartment being an exquisite speci- 
 men of the elaborate work of the 
 time, enriched with various grotesque 
 figures and emblems. It is said that 
 in the gardens Raleigh propagated the 
 first potatoe, which he brought from 
 Virginia in America. According to 
 tradition, the person to whom he 
 entrusted the care of those first plant- 
 ed, imagining that the apple, which 
 grows on the stalk, was the part to be 
 used, gathered it, but not liking the 
 taste, he neglected the roots till the 
 ground was dug afterwards to plant 
 something else, and the potatoes were 
 discovered vastly increased in size, to 
 the surprise of the planter. Such is 
 the common story of the introduc- 
 tion of the potatoe, which, though 
 not properly authenticated, is in some 
 degree confirmed by the old rhyme, 
 that the potatoe “ by Raleigh >vas 
 planted at Youghal so gay,” and that 
 “ Munster potatoes are famed to this 
 day,” concluding with — “ A laughing 
 red apple for me ! ” He is said to have 
 also introduced cherries at the same 
 time. Raleigh’s house is now the 
 property of the Duke of Devonshire, 
 the chief proprietor of the town of 
 Youghal. In making some repairs 
 on the mansion, one of the oldest 
 printed Bibles, bearing date only 34 
 years after the invention of printing, 
 was found built up in the wall. The 
 style of the windows is the only mo- 
 dern alteration on the house. 
 
 Adjoining, and in the same pleasure- 
 grounds, are the ruins of the Collegiate 
 Church of Youghal, founded in 1464 
 by Thomas Earl of Desmond; the 
 ! community at first consisting of a 
 Warden, eight Fellows, and eight 
 singing men, who had a common table, 
 with other necessaries, and an annual 
 stipend allowed — the whole donation 
 being originally worth L.600 per an- 
 num. It was endowed with several 
 parsonages and vicarages in the coun- 
 ty of Cork. This foundation of the 
 Earl of Desmond was confirmed by 
 his son James in 1472, and by his bro- 
 ther Maurice in 1496, and the charter 
 
YOU 
 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 YOU 
 
 and several appropriations farther 
 confirmed by successive Bishops of 
 Cloyne, ratified by the Popes. The 
 church enjoyed its revenues and pri- 
 vileges after the Reformation, as in 
 1587 Dr Witherhead was collated to 
 the Wardenship by the then Bishop 
 of Cloyne. The Collegiate Church of 
 Youghal was, when entire, one of the 
 finest specimens in Ireland of the 
 pointed architecture now known as the 
 decorated English style, and the east 
 window considered to be peculiarly 
 beautiful. The original form of the 
 building was that of a cross, having 
 a square belfry 50 feet high on the 
 north side ; and the nave, which was 
 adorned with side aisles formed by 
 six pointed arches, is now used as the 
 parish church. The length from east 
 ; to west is 45 yards, and the breadth 
 • 22 yards. The chancel is unroofed, 
 in ruins, utterly neglected, and hast- 
 ening to decay. The transepts are 
 now used as cemeteries, that on the 
 south being the burial-place of the 
 Boyle Family, and containing a fine 
 monument to the memory of the first 
 Earl of Cork, and several others. The 
 Earl purchased this transept, which 
 was formerly a chantry dedicated to 
 our Blessed Saviour, from the Mayor 
 and Corporation in 1 606, and converted 
 it into a family sepulchre. The Earl’s 
 tomb is of marble, and has a figure of 
 himself in armour, in a recumbent po- 
 sition, below which are nine of his 
 children, all in alabaster. There is a 
 beautiful altar tomb on the north side 
 of the choir, and an eccentric poetical 
 epitaph on another tomb commemo- 
 rates Sir Richard Villiers, Lord Pre- 
 sident of Munster, who died in 1626. 
 The churchyard, which is very large, 
 and is ornamented by some fine old 
 trees, contains many curious relics 
 and tombs. 
 
 The Blackwater is crossed near 
 Youghal by an elegant wooden bridge, 
 erected from the design of Mr Alex- 
 ander Nimmo. This bridge and the 
 causeways cost L. 17,000 ; the length of 
 the former is 1875 feet, and of the lat- 
 ter 1732 feet, comprising a viaduct of 
 811 
 
 1202 yards, from which excellent road- 
 way most interesting views are obtain- 
 ed. The High Street is the principal 
 seat of trade, and Devonshire Place, 
 which is the Mall of the town, consists 
 of handsome private residences, com- 
 manding a fine marine prospect. “ One 
 might be greatly deceived,” says Mr 
 Inglis, “ in the size of Youghal by 
 merely driving through it. Besides 
 the chief street, which is extremely 
 long, there are many other good 
 streets, both tow r ards the w r ater and 
 the hills, and innumerable lanes also, 
 containing a very dense population. 
 The great number of persons peram- 
 bulating the principal streets in the 
 evening is particularly striking, and ! 
 is sufficiently indicative of the size of j 
 the town.” After noticing the beau- ! 
 tiful promenade of the Cork road, on 
 leaving the town, with the sea imme- 
 diately under the parapet, he con- 
 tinues — “ Youghal has all the appear- 
 ance of being, what it is, an old town. 
 The houses, however good, have an 
 antique air about them. In the chief 
 street we see an old grey tower, one 
 of the ancient defences of the town. 
 Mounting towards the hill, one stum- 
 bles upon massive fragments of the 
 old wall, and here and there houses 
 are seen in a ruined state, betokening 
 both antiquity and decay. — The sub- 
 urbs of Youghal are large and bad ; 
 they extend in every direction up the 
 hill, behind the old town wall, and 
 contain many very miserable cabins. 
 —In a town like this there must be a 
 considerable want of employment, and 
 a large quantum of destitution. Here, 
 too, as in every other sea-port, there 
 is a class of fishermen whose precari- 
 ous calling frequently places them 
 within the reach of pauperism.” 
 
 The public buildings are the old 
 parish church already mentioned, the 
 chapel-of-ease, erected on the ruins of 
 the Franciscan cemetery, several Ro- 
 man Catholic chapels, meeting-houses 
 for various Dissenters, the Town- 
 House, Assembly Room, Custom- 
 House, an Infirmary, Dispensary, 
 commodious Fish-market, an Infantry 
 
YOU 
 
 THE GAZETTEER OF IRELAND. 
 
 YOU 
 
 Barrack, a Bridewell, Poor Law Union 
 Workhouse, and other edifices pecu- 
 liar to a large town. The weekly 
 markets are well attended, and fairs 
 are held in May aud October. Not- 
 withstanding its vicinity to Cork and 
 Waterford, a considerable trade is 
 carried on at Youghal in the export 
 of agricultural produce, and in the 
 importation of coal, culm, timber, 
 and other articles. In 1835, the 
 value of the exports was L.215,316; 
 imports, L. 28, 310. The harbour pos- 
 sesses great advantages, as there is no 
 river to ascend, aud in spriug tides 
 vessels of between 400 and 500 tons 
 can cross the bar, and easily enter. 
 In the town are Branches of the Bank 
 of Ireland and of the National Bank of 
 Ireland, and a Savings Bank. Here, 
 are numerous schools. Youghal is a 
 considerable resort for sea-bathing, 
 having a fine and extensive sea beach, 
 812 
 
 a mild climate, and a rich surrounding 
 district. By the Municipal Aet the 
 Corporation consists of the Mayor, 
 Bailiffs, Burgesses, and Commonalty. 
 The town returns one Member to the 
 Imperial Parliament ; constituency in 
 1 8 10-1, 473. Population in 1831, 9603. 
 
 YOUGHAL- ARRA, a parish, rec- 
 tory and vicarage, in the Baronies of 
 Owney and Arra, county of Tipper- 
 ary, and Diocese of Killaloe, at the 
 junction of the counties of Clare and 
 Galway, near the Lough Derg expan- 
 sion of the Shannon. Much of the 
 present unprofitable laud in this quar- 
 ter could be reclaimed. The streams 
 Youghal and Newtown meander 
 through the parish, and Youghal Bay 
 is considered to be one of the best on 
 the Shannon. Extensive slate quar- 
 ries are at Curraglibally, Corbally, and 
 Clonebrieu. Population in 1S31, 4247. 
 Post-town, Nenagli. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 EDISPURGII PRINTING COMPANY, 
 12, South St David Street. 
 

 
 
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