MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS 
 
 Edited by Charles A. Bennett, 
 
 Professor of Manual Arts, Bradley Polytechnic Institute, Peoria, Illinois 
 
 COPING SAW WORK 
 
 By 
 
 Ben W. Johnson 
 
 Supervisor of Manual Training, Seattle, Washington 
 
 FOURTH EDITION 
 
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS 
 
 PEORIA, ILLINOIS 
 
 1916 
 
« 
 
 COPYRIGHT 
 
 Ben W. Johnson 
 
 1908 
 
 The Manual Arts Press 
 
 1909 
 
& //•a i; 
 
 37 /. 7 £ 
 
 ~ b H <L y 
 
 * 
 
 MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS. 
 
 "O 
 
 111 
 
 ii 
 
 V 
 
 0 
 
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 5 
 
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 The persistent demand for certain numbers of the Manual Train¬ 
 ing Magazine has led to the conclusion that some of the articles in these 
 numbers ought to be reprinted. Moreover, it is believed that from time 
 to time in the future the Magazine will publish articles which owing to 
 their special value ought to be reprinted soon after they appear in the 
 Magazine. 
 
 To supply this evident need the Manual Training Reprints have 
 been planned and will be issued at irregular intervals as the demand may 
 warrant. 
 
 The Reprints will be arranged in two series, as follows: 
 
 Series A. Illustrated articles of special practical value for class use. 
 
 Series B. Discussions having special permanent value, or such as 
 supply needed data to students preparing to become teachers. 
 
 Those already published are the following: 
 
 SERIES A. 
 
 No. 1. The Construction and Flying of Kites. By Charles M. 
 Miller. 
 
 No. 2. Coping Saw Work. By Ben W. Johnson. 
 
 . 
 
 o 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2017 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates 
 
 https://archive.org/details/copingsawwork00john_0 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 M ANY a teacher can recall his boyhood enthusiasm in getting a 
 subscriber to the Youth's Companion in order to secure the 
 prize of a bracket-saw and collection of designs. He can also 
 recall the busy, happy hours spent with that saw, how he mastered one 
 difficulty after another until finally he could saw out the parts of an 
 intricate pattern and fasten them together neatly and securely. As these 
 early experiences are brought to mind he is likely to ask himself this 
 question: “If the use of the bracket-saw stimulated so much effort in 
 me and was the means of so much good training, why should not this 
 tool be utilized in our manual training classes at the present time?” 
 Many attempts have been made to answer this question by showing 
 schemes of work involving a saw of this general type, whether called 
 bracket-saw, fret-saw, or coping-saw, but no one has presented so con¬ 
 vincing an answer as B. W. Johnson in his “Coping Saw Work.” 
 Other schemes have been suited to special schools, working under favor¬ 
 able conditions, but Mr. Johnson’s has been adapted to the public schools 
 of a large city and developed in the spirit of modern pedagogy. 
 
 In the introductory part of his article, Mr. Johnson refers to the 
 Eva Rohde System. In February, 1891,’Miss Rohde of Gothenburg, 
 Sweden, wrote a brief chapter on her “Model Series” which was pub¬ 
 lished the following year by the American Book Co. in “The Sloyd 
 System of Woodworking,” by B. B. Hoffman. This series was an at¬ 
 tempt to bring the benefits of sloyd down to children from five to eight 
 years of age. The course consisted of small toy representations of 
 household articles, a leaf form, a fish, and the acrobat model. Two 
 years later, 1893, full-size drawings of her revised series, involving 
 many animal forms—some of them with joints, as the pig, horse, boy, 
 soldier, and sawyer—with text in Swedish and English, were published 
 in Gothenburg, and the same year a photograph of the models was pub¬ 
 lished by the State of Massachusetts in the report of the Commission 
 appointed to investigate existing systems of manual training and indus¬ 
 trial education. In this same report was published a sixth-grade course 
 by Frank M. Leavitt, which involved “flat work” in which a bracket- 
 saw was freely used. At this time an experimental course involving 
 
MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS . 
 
 the bracket-saw was being developed at Teachers College, New York 
 City. The two latter courses were confined to geometric forms. The 
 same was largely true of the fret-saw work in the “Berlin Course of 
 Easy Woodwork,” translated and published in London by O. Newman 
 & Sons in 1895, tho in this course a strong appeal was made to the 
 constructive interests by bringing into' the series of models a wagon, a 
 cart, sand mill, bird house, steps, sled, windmill, bow-gun and even the 
 acrobat. At Pratt Institute Frank H. Pierce has developed a scheme 
 of work giving emphasis to problems with freehand outlines similar to 
 some of the animal forms found in the Eva Rohde System. And now 
 comes Mr. Johnson’s scheme, which demonstrates that he, more than 
 any of the rest of us, has caught the play spirit—the child’s point of 
 view, in this work. He has given us models which are full of fun for 
 the children, afford ample means for training in form study, construc¬ 
 tion, invention, and careful work. Moreover, his course involves so 
 many mechanical principles that he might with considerable propriety 
 entitle his article “Applied Mechanics for the Fourth Grade.” 
 
 —The Editor. 
 
 6 
 
COPING SAW WORK. 
 
 OME three years ago the need arose in the fourth grade for a 
 more vigorous and adaptable form of handwork than the use of 
 raffia. As the children of this grade based much of their work 
 upon local geography, history, and the development of native industries, 
 of which lumbering is chief, the use of thin wood with simple tools was 
 suggested. 
 
 We had seen children of this age use a coping saw successfully in 
 Miss Langley’s classes at the School of Education, Chicago University, 
 and in Mr. W. J. Standley’s work in the Y. M. C. A. day classes, at 
 Portland, Oregon. Our problem was to devise a suitable equipment 
 for the regular teacher to use with forty-eight children in the ordinary 
 classroom, and a course of work, teachable in her inexperienced hands, 
 of real merit, educationally, in the development of the child. After 
 experimenting a term or two in different schools, the following equip¬ 
 ment and course was devised. The unusual interest and delight of the 
 children in this work, together with the success of the teacher in pre¬ 
 senting it, led to its adoption for all the fourth-grade rooms in the 
 city, about fifty in number. 
 
 7 
 
MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS. 
 
 There is much similarity in this work to that of the Eva Rohde 
 System, taught in the Praktiska Arbetsskola in Gothenburg as early as 
 1891. The use of a fret or coping saw for most of the cutting, the use 
 of a pattern or template laid on the thin wood by the child and marked 
 around, and the use of toys for models are points in common. The 
 
 CHEST FOR HOLDING EQUIPMENT. 
 
 course followed here, however, requires many less tools, is used in an or¬ 
 dinary school room of forty-eight pupils and not in a specially equipped 
 shop with only fifteen or twenty pupils, as in Gothenburg, also less con¬ 
 sideration is given to the sequence of model and tools and for mechan¬ 
 ical and geometrical accuracy. 
 
 The equipment consists of 48 coping saws, 48 saw tables, 48 iron 
 clamps, 2", to hold the table on the desk,. 12 small tack hammers, 12 
 half-round cabinet files, 12 eagle compasses, No. 576, 12 sloyd knives, 
 6 Stanley try-squares, 4j/2 7, » 6 brad awls, an d 1 pair of Bernard’s 
 cutting pliers. For supplies the following is required: Wire brads 
 Y%" and Yz" No. 20, liquid glue, *4 pint, soft iron wire No. 16, sand 
 paper No. 1, cottonwood boards, *4"x6"xl2". Cottonwood is used 
 because the cheapest available wood for this purpose. Bass and yellow 
 poplar would be better, having less stringy fiber. 
 
 s 
 
COPING SAW WORK. 
 
 COPING SAW WORK—FOURTH GRADE, SEATTLE, WASH. 
 
MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS. 
 
 This equipment is kept in a chest 13^" x 18" x 30", that rolls 
 easily on casters. The saws and clamps are kept in 6 tray-like boxes, 
 and these with the saw tables can be distributed by the six monitors in 
 less than two minutes and the whole room be at work in less than five 
 minutes. The cost of the outfit complete is about $35. 
 
 One period of sixty minutes per week is given for this work. The 
 children ask for more time and many of them buy their own saws with 
 a dozen blades for twenty-five cents at any hardware store, and fnake 
 many interesting forms at home, using material taken from empty 
 cigar, fruit and grocery boxes picked up at the corner grocery. Home 
 work of this sort is encouraged by having such work exhibited for the 
 other pupils to see and comment upon. 
 
 The course followed is shown in the diagram. The purpose of 
 the work here, as in all other grades and forms of handwork, is to give 
 educational direction to the child’s natural constructive tendencies by 
 using forms that are of interest to the pupil, and taken from his play, 
 home, school and the industrial life about him. 
 
 The effort is made to have the forms chosen come to the pupil as 
 Problems in construction to be solved by him , and in the solution of 
 which he will acquire skill, the power to create, and a growing appre¬ 
 ciation of the constructive work in the world about him. The skillful 
 teacher will relate this work to the other school subjects whenever prac¬ 
 ticable and teach the elements of good form and proportion, the. need 
 of drawing, the written language of form, the value of number in accu¬ 
 rate application, and develop an awakening interest in the industries 
 that are founded on these materials and processes. In fact, this last 
 may easily be the leading avenue of approach in placing this subject in 
 the curriculum. 
 
 Referring to the diagram the first column indicates in outline what 
 we are to teach. The tools and some skill in their use and a knowledge 
 of the limitations of the material are pre-requisite to any individual 
 power of expression or creation. For the sake of analysis, the tools and 
 the processes are grouped, and the sequence largely based on the idea 
 of construction rather than on tool dexterity. The tools are few and are 
 quickly mastered, but the possibilities in form and combinations of parts 
 keeps the child mentally alert to solve the mechanical problems that 
 come to him. As we have to deal with classes, and the same knowledge 
 about the tools and the correct processes is necessary to every child, the 
 
 10 
 
//? Ou/y/ne 
 
 C o jb//7Q ySow T^afferns 
 
 COPING SAW WORK. 
 
 11 
 
Group 
 
 MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS . 
 
 COPING SAW WORK.— Seattle Public Schools. 
 
 TO TEACH 
 
 MEANS 
 
 
 The Tools, their care. 
 Saw, why it cuts, etc. 
 Pencil, Ruler, Patterns. 
 Laying out work, econo¬ 
 my of material, grain of 
 wood, its strength. File. 
 Sandpaper— kinds to use 
 on a block. 
 
 Try-square, Knife, 
 
 Hammer—how to use. 
 
 CLASS EXERCISE 
 
 PROBLEMS SUGGESTE1 
 
 1. Saw out animal forms. 
 Bears. (Have pupils 
 understand what they 
 make.) 
 
 PLAY 
 
 HOME 
 
 2 and 3. (The pup 
 to make.) 
 
 Cougar. 
 
 Rabbit. 
 
 Squirrel. 
 
 Donkey. 
 
 il to select any tw< 
 
 4. Stand. 
 
 (Keep corners square.) 
 
 5. Make different kinds to suit anima 
 vise a new support. 
 
 Construction. ‘ ‘ Putting to¬ 
 gether.” Awl—its use. 
 
 Brads — sizes. Glue — 
 what it is, why it holds. 
 
 6. Balancing Horse. 
 
 (Why he balances. 
 Physical law—explain 
 ships, icebergs, circus 
 rider, etc.) 
 
 
 
 i 7. Horse and Cart. 
 
 (Class direction in 
 making wagon.) 
 
 7a. Optionals: Four- 
 wheeled Cart. 
 
 
 Construction. Movable 
 
 parts -— mechanical mo¬ 
 tions. 
 
 8. Feeding Chickens. 
 
 9. Woodchoppers, or 
 Wrestlers. 
 
 (Egg crates, fruit 
 Encourage he 
 
 10. “Dinkey Bird.” 
 
 10a. Optionals: Ath¬ 
 lete. 
 
 (Figures may be painte 
 
 d with water colors 
 
 Construction. Accurate 
 
 adjustment. 
 
 11. Pencil Sharpener. 
 
 (Require accurate 
 
 drawing and measure¬ 
 ments.) 
 
 
 12. Calendar or M 
 Strike. 
 
 13. Toy Furniture. Bench. 
 Tables, Chairs, Cra¬ 
 dles, etc. 
 
 (For design, consider with the class the 
 Different pieces may be made by 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Note: Other problems may be added by teacher or pupil if suitable to the 
 group. The pupil should always progress in his choosing. 
 
 12 
 
COPING SAW WORK. 
 
 COPING SAW WORK.— Seattle Public Schools. 
 
 $ 
 
 APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTIVE PROBLEMS 
 
 OR INDIVIDUAL SELECTION 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 DRAWING REQUIRED 
 
 
 SCHOOL INDUSTRY 
 
 Cottonwood. 
 
 Kind of tree, its use. 
 Leaf and branch, may be 
 drawn. 
 
 Sandpaper. 
 
 Use a large drawing to 
 show just how to place 
 the pattern on wood. 
 
 t 
 
 >ring from home patterr 
 
 Puzzle Maps or Pic¬ 
 tures. 
 
 is or pictures of others 
 
 made using scraps of wood. See who can de- 
 
 Cottonwood. 
 
 Where does it grow. 
 
 Large drawing —pupils to 
 copy by dictation on pa¬ 
 per, then on the board. 
 
 — 
 
 * 
 
 ♦ '• 
 
 6a. Pulleys. Weather- 
 vanes (optional). 
 
 Cottonwood. 
 
 Brads, Y%" No. 20. 
 
 Iron Wire, No. 16. 
 
 Small stone. 
 
 Large drawing to show 
 the “lay out.’’ 
 
 Patterns used. 
 
 
 Wind-wheels. 
 Conveyor. 
 
 Light House. 
 
 Cottonwood. 
 
 Brass Tacks. 
 
 Large drawing of cart. 
 Pupils work from it by 
 directions. Show how to 
 “lay out.’’ 
 
 | cigar boxes make good material for home work, 
 i work.) 
 
 Cottonwood or Cigar Box 
 Wood (red cedar.) 
 
 Large drawing of sup¬ 
 ports. Patterns for fig¬ 
 ures. 
 
 
 
 Scales. 
 
 Cottonwood. 
 
 Large drawing of parts— 
 patterns as indicated. 
 
 h 
 
 
 
 Cottonwood or Cedar or 
 Spruce. 
 
 Large drawing. Pupils 
 
 copy. 
 
 i 
 
 ^portions of real furniture and reduce in size. 
 'Ferent children.) 
 
 -w—----- 
 
 Cottonwood or Cedar or 
 Spruce. 
 
 Large drawing. Pupils 
 
 copy. 
 
MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS . 
 
 means (given in the next column) used to convey this knowledge is a 
 class model which all the children make under the careful supervision 
 of the teacher to see that every child is forming the right habit in the 
 use of the tools, and understands what he is doing and why he does it. 
 
 The next step and a very important one, and the basis, I believe, 
 of any successful method of education, is to give the child an opportunity 
 to work out individually his newly acquired ideas in a field of choice 
 as free as conditions will permit. He now faces a new situation. He 
 must determine how to meet it. It is this repeated experience in the 
 course that will aid in developing his power of initiative, and begin to 
 form a habit of successful attack. Such a habit may even have a moral 
 significance in the other experiences of life, though seemingly not re¬ 
 lated to this one technical experience. 
 
 To accomplish this, problems for individual selection are given as 
 shown in the diagram. To aid the teacher and pupil, these problems 
 are divided or grouped according to their dominant interest as well as 
 according to their mechanical and technical difficulty. No attempt is 
 made to “split hairs” in this analysis, but such problems are selected as 
 will emphasize what the child should know and also tax his ability in 
 applying it as far as he has been taught in the process. That we may 
 not forget the child, the four dominant interests—play, home, school and 
 industry interests, that actuate us all in anything we do, are given and 
 the problems arranged under each according to which one it seems to 
 serve best. Naturally in the fourth grade the play interest is dominant. 
 But we must see to it that the others are not forgotten for the sake of 
 the man and woman of tomorrow. 
 
 The remaining two columns, as indicated, help the teacher in the 
 choice of material and its use, and to know what drawing should be 
 presented and executed. 
 
 These problems for individual selection may be changed, or others 
 added or substituted by both teacher and pupil, provided they are suit¬ 
 able to the group in which they are placed. Thus the teacher is free 
 to make the course meet local conditions and carry out her own initia¬ 
 tive, untrammeled by a series of set models. Her only limitations are 
 those imposed by her lack of skill, the requirements of the material and 
 the best accepted processes used to embody the idea in that material. 
 
 This plan also permits the bright pupil to work to full capacity 
 unchecked by the dullest pupil and gives the slow pupil as much oppor- 
 
 14 
 
COPING SAW WORK. 
 
 IS 
 
MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS. 
 
 tunity as he can use; for as soon as the pupil finishes the class piece he 
 goes to work at once upon the problem of his choice. If he is bright 
 and capable, wise advice will lead him to select a problem well worth 
 his ability. In fact, he may make several pieces before the class as a 
 whole is ready to take up the next step together in the next class exer¬ 
 cise. 
 
 The sequence followed is indicated by the figures. This sequence 
 is not one of technique solely, but of a constructive idea that passes 
 from simple forms to more complicated expressions and the process 
 is a means to this end. 
 
 16 
 
COPING SAW WORK. 
 
 The writer fully appreciates the difficulties of this plan of pre¬ 
 senting many models that may be made compared with giving a sequence 
 , of eight, ten or twelve models to be carefully followed. The limits of 
 
 this paper do not permit of further detail concerning the way the point 
 of view and methods of work are given to the teachers. The few of 
 » the teachers who do not for one reason or another get hold of this plan 
 
 do no worse than under the old formal lock-step method, and many 
 who do not succeed with it are able to accomplish much more than for- 
 
 17 
 
MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS. 
 
 Conveyor 
 
 Cof/no 
 
 v3 '7b/Tern 3 
 
 merly, both in the amount and quality of the work, as well as in devel¬ 
 oping a greater interest and power on the part of the pupil. 
 
 This diagram course is the “chart” for the teacher “to steer by.” 
 The necessary direction for making these models is given by means of 
 hectograph sketches, some of which are here illustrated, and by monthly 
 meetings with the teachers. 
 
 The amount of interest a child may take in any activity is not al- 
 
 18 
 
COPING SAW WORK. 
 
 ways a sure indication of its success, as an educational means. But 
 interest is the key that unlocks the world, and the line of greatest effort 
 is that of deeper interest. The touchstone of life comes when the self- 
 conscious mind perceives that interest awakened in one line, in the last 
 analysis, touches all others, and that we may interest ourselves in any 
 good thing we wish to. 
 
 That the children, girls and boys alike, are interested one or two 
 
 19 
 
MANUAL TRAINING REPRINTS. 
 
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 instances will illustrate: In the mid-year a room lost its regular teacher 
 and a substitute took her place for the balance of the term. The cop¬ 
 ing saw lesson came a day or so later, before she could find out what 
 and how to carry on the work of her predecessor, so she frankly told 
 the children they would omit the lesson for that week. They protested, 
 assuring her they could manage it all right and show her what to do. 
 She was wise and anxious to learn from any source, so the hour went 
 off with everyone very busy—profitable to all concerned. 
 
 20 
 
COPING SAW WORK. 
 
 In another school meritorious conduct and attendance is rewarded 
 % by stars conspicuously placed, and when thirteen unbroken spots are 
 
 covered they get a half holiday Friday. It happened the particular Fri¬ 
 day was particular in other ways, and they would miss their coping saw 
 * hour, so they voted to spend the holiday in school sawing wood. 
 
 The soul-satisfying cry, “it works,” the cry that opens the way to 
 still greater accomplishment, startled a principal in her office, the other 
 morning, as a small boy rushed in, face and eyes shining and held to¬ 
 wards her his “athlete” that would “perform” as he had made it to do. 
 There is great value in some of our school work having a standard of 
 excellence that even a small boy can appreciate. 
 
 In conclusion the writer claims no originality for this work other 
 than its adaptation to this situation. Most of the models used and the 
 methods of the course and its analysis are the result of observations 
 made of what others have done along similar lines. It is not the end, 
 but only the beginning. 
 
 4 
 
 21 
 
Books on the Manual Arts 
 
 Design and Construction in Wood. By William Noyes. 
 
 A book full of charm and distinction and the first to give due consideration to the 
 esthetic side of wood-working. It is intended to give to beginners practice in designing 
 simple projects in wood and an opportunity to acquire skill in handling tools. The book 
 illustrates a series of projects and gives suggestions for bther similar projects together with 
 information regarding tools and processes for making. A pleasing volume abundantly 
 and beautifully illustrated. Price, $1.50. 
 
 Handwork in Wood. By William Noyes. 
 
 A handbook for teachers and a textbook for normal school and college students. The 
 best reference book available for teachers of woodworking. A comprehensive and 
 scholarly treatise, covering logging, sawmilling, seasoning and measuring, hand tools, 
 wood fastenings, equipment and care of the shop, the common joints, types of wood 
 structures, principles of joinery, and wood finishing. 304 illustrations—excellent pen 
 drawings and many photographs. Price, $2.00. 
 
 Wood and Forest. By William Noyes. 
 
 A companion volume to “Handwork in Wood” by the same author. Especially adapted 
 as a reference book for teachers of woodworking. Not too difficult for use as a textbook 
 for normal school and college students. Treats of wood, distribution of American forests, 
 life of the forest, enemies of the forests, destruction, conservation and uses of the forest, 
 with a key to the common woods by Filibert Roth. Describes 67 principal species of wood 
 with maps of the habitat, leaf drawings, life size photographs and microphotographs of 
 sections. Contains a general bibliography of books and articles on wood and forest. Pro¬ 
 fusely illustrated with photographs from the United States forest service and with pen and 
 ink drawings by Anna Gausmann Noyes and photographs by the author. 309 pages. 
 Price, $3.00. 
 
 Manual Arts for Vocational Ends. By Fred D. Crawshaw. 
 
 A valuable addition to the present day literature on the problem of industrial education. 
 It is a strong and convincing plea for the development of the present school machinery to 
 serve the ends of vocational education. It treats the problem in a practical way giving 
 concrete working helps and is a source of inspiration to manual arts teachers. and others 
 interested in the problem. Price, 85 cents. 
 
 Handwork Instruction for Boys. By Dr. Alwin Pabst. 
 
 A philosophical and historical review of manual training for boys and a discussion of the 
 systems in vogue in the several European countries and in America by the director of the 
 normal school for teachers of manual training at Leipsic. With plates showing typical 
 manual training workshops. Price, $1.00. 
 
 Handcraft in Wood and Metal. By J. Hooper and A. J. Shirley. 
 
 A valuable reference book on craftwork in wood and metal. It treats of historic craftwork, 
 materials used in handcrafts, designing, decorative processes, the historic development of 
 tools, the theory of the cutting action of tools, and the equipment of the school workshop. 
 It is notable because of its application of design to handwork. Beautifully bound and 
 abundantly illustrated. Price, $3.00. 
 
 Wood Pattern-Making. By Horace T. Purfield. 
 
 A clear, concise treatise on the fundamental principles of pattern-making. It presents 
 the best methods of construction and those most easily understood by the student. It is 
 not arranged about a course of problems but may be used with any course. A practical 
 text for high school, trade school, technical school and engineering college students. 
 Written by an experienced pattern-maker and teacher of pattern-making and kindred 
 subjects. Price, $1.00. 
 
 Essentials of Woodworking. By Ira S. Griffith. 
 
 A textbook written especially for grammar and high school students. The standard 
 textbook on elementary woodworking. A clear and comprehensive treatment of wood¬ 
 working tools, materials, and processes, to supplement, but not to take the place of the 
 instructions given by the teacher. The book does not contain a course of models; it may 
 be used with any course. It is illustrated with photographs and numerous pen drawings. 
 Price, 75 cents. 
 
 Beginning Woodwork, At Home and in School. By Clinton S. Van Deusen. 
 
 A valuable textbook for rural schools, by one who has made a special study of the manual 
 training problems in the country school. A full and clear description in detail of the 
 fundamental processes of elementary benchwork in wood. This description is given through 
 directions for making a few simple, useful articles, suitable either for school or home 
 problems. The book contains more than one hundred original sketches and ten working 
 drawings. Price, $1.00. 
 
Projects for Beginning Woodwork and Mechanical Drawing. 
 
 By Ira S. Griffith. 
 
 A work book for the use of students in grammar grade classes. It consists of working 
 drawings and working directions. The projects are such as have proven of exceptional 
 service where woodworking and mechanical drawing are taught in a thoro, systematic man¬ 
 ner in the seventh and eighth grades. The aim has been to provide successful rather than 
 unique problems. The 50 projects in the book have been selected and organized with the 
 constant aim of securing the highest educational results. The book is especially suited for 
 use in connection with “Essentials of Woodworking” by the same author. Price, 75 cents. 
 
 Advanced Projects in WoodAvork —Furniture Making. By Ira S. Griffith. 
 
 This book is similar to “Projects for Beginning Woodwork and Mechanical Drawing,” but 
 is suited to high school needs. It consists of fifty plates of problems and accompanying 
 notes. It is essentially a collection of problems in furniture making selected and designed 
 with reference to school use. On the plate with each working drawing is a good perspective 
 sketch of the completed object. In draftsmanship and refinement of design these problems 
 are of superior quality. It is in every respect an excellent collection. Price, 75 cents. 
 
 Furniture Design for Schools and Shops. By Fred D. Crawshaw. 
 
 A manual on furniture design. A book that will stimulate and encourage. designing and 
 initiation on the part of the student. It contains a collection of plates showing perspective 
 drawings of typical designs, representing particular types of furniture. Each perspective is 
 accompanied by suggestions for rearrangements and the modeling of parts.. The text dis¬ 
 cusses and illustrates principles of design as applied to furniture.. A practical and helpful 
 book that should be in the hands of every teacher of cabinet making and designing. Price, 
 $1.00. 
 
 Problems in Furniture Making. By Fred D. Crawshaw. 
 
 The revised and enlarged edition of this well-known book, contains 43 full-page working 
 drawings of articles of furniture. Every piece shown is suitable for construction in high 
 school classes, and is appropriate and serviceable in. the home. In addition to the working 
 drawings, there is a perspective sketch of each article completed. There are 36 pages of 
 text giving notes on the construction of each project, chapters on the “Design, and 
 “Construction” of furniture, and one on “Finishes.”. The last chapter describes 15 
 methods of wood finishing, all adapted for use on furniture. Price, $1.00. 
 
 Problems in Woodworking. By M. W. Murray. 
 
 A convenient collection of good problems consisting of forty plates of working drawings 
 of problems in bench work that have been successfully worked out by boys in one of the 
 grades from seven to nine, inclusive. Price, 75 cents. 
 
 Problems in Wood-Turning. By Fred D. Crawshaw. 
 
 A textbook on the science and art of wood-turning. Contains 25 full-page plates of 
 working drawings covering spindle, faceplate, and chuck turning. It gives the mathematical 
 basis for the cuts used in turning. A helpful discussion of the principles of design as 
 applied to objects turned in wood. It is a clear, practical and suggestive book on wood¬ 
 turning, and a valuable textbook for students’ use. Price, 80 cents. 
 
 Workshop Note-Book—WoodAvorking. By George G. Greene. 
 
 A small-size textbook and note-book combined. It furnishes a few general and extremely 
 important directions about tools and processes; and provides space for additional notes and 
 working drawings of exercises and articles which the pupil is to construct. . It is essentially 
 a collection of helps, ideas, hints, suggestions, questions, facts, illustrations, etc., which 
 have been prepared by a practical teacher to meet a real need in his own shop.. The note¬ 
 book is full of suggestions; shows a keen insight into subject matter and teaching methods 
 and is an effective teaching tool. Price, 15 cents. 
 
 Manual Training Toys for the Boys’ Workshop. By H. W. Moore. 
 
 A popular boys’ book that is truly educational. The book contains in pages, 35 of which 
 are full-page plates of working drawings illustrating 42 projects. All the projects are 
 overflowing with “boy” interest, are well adapted to the upper grades of the elementary 
 school and are new in the manual training shop. The text treats of tools and tool pro¬ 
 cesses and gives instructions for making each project. Price, $1.00. 
 
 Kitecraft and Kite Tournaments. By Charles M. Miller. 
 
 An authoritative and comprehensive treatment of kitecraft. The book deals with the 
 construction and flying of all kinds of kites, and the making and using of kite accessories. 
 Also aeroplanes, gliders, propellers, motors, etc. Four chapters are devoted to presenting 
 a detailed description of kite flying tournaments. Abundantly illustrated and attractively 
 bound. Price, $1.00. 
 
 The Construction and Flying of Kites. By Charles M. Miller. 
 
 . This contains twenty-two illustrations, including seven full-page plates of drawings of 
 kites—over forty kites shown. Details of construction given, a kite tournament is described. 
 Full of interesting suggestions. Price, 25c. 
 
 Selected Shop Problems. By George A. Seaton. 
 
 A collection of sixteen problems in woodworking. Each problem has been put to the 
 test and has proven satisfactory to the teacher who designed it and to the pupil who made 
 it. Price, 20 cents. 
 
Coping Saw Work. By Ben W. Johnson. 
 
 Contains working drawings and suggestions for teaching a course of work in thin wood 
 that is full of fun for the children, and affords ample means for training in form study, 
 construction, invention and careful work. Has been called “applied mechanics for the 
 fourth grade.” Price, 20 cents. 
 
 Problems in Mechanical Drawing. By Charles A. Bennett. 
 
 A students’ textbook consisting of 80 plates, classified into groups according to principle 
 and arranged according to difficulty of solution. It furnishes teachers of classes beginning 
 mechanical drawing with a large number of simple, practical problems which have been 
 selected with reference to the formation of good habits in technique, the interest of the 
 pupils and the subjects generally included in a grammar and first-year high school course. 
 Each problem is given unsolved and therefore in proper form to hand to the pupil for 
 solution. Price, 75 cents. 
 
 Effective Methods in Mechanical Drawing. By F. H. Evans. 
 
 A practical textbook of drafting methods. The methods presented are those which 
 meet the requirements of speed and practical effectiveness as sought in commercial drafting. 
 The book deals with “The Geometry of Drafting” and “Kinks and Short Cuts,” including 
 a simple and practical method of making working drawings of bevel gears. The book is 
 essentially a reprint of selected sections of “The Drafting Room Series,” a larger work by 
 the same author. Cloth bound, price, 50 cents. 
 
 The Drafting Room Series. By F. H. Evans. 
 
 A modern and successful textbook, rich in content, practical in methods and extremely 
 adaptable in form. The result of a new analysis of the processes of practical drafting by 
 an experienced draftsman, engineer and teacher. 
 
 PART I. Reading Machine Drawings. Is of special value to beginners and those who 
 wish to learn to read drawings. 
 
 PART II. Machine Drafting. Treats of drafting room methods, including detailing, 
 checking and tracing, and the best use of drawing instruments and materials to obtain 
 practical results. 
 
 PART III. Interference of Moving Parts and Tooth Gears. Contains an entirely new 
 presentation of gears, avoiding technical language and difficult formulae, yet going to the 
 bottom of the matter with perfect clearness. It consists of 54 cards and 3 pamphlets of 
 standard filing card size, 5x8 inches, in a filing box. The form is convenient, practical 
 and capable of unlimited expansion. Price, complete, $2.00. 
 
 Mechanical Drafting. By H. W. Miller. 
 
 A textbook on mechanical drawing, for first year engineering and advanced high school 
 students. It supplements the work of the instructor in such a way as to reduce lecture work 
 to a minimum. It is written about a flexible course, but may be used equally well with any 
 course. The book abounds in illustrations, both line drawings and half-tones. It shows a 
 wise selection of material, a keen insight into the work of the draftsman, and a thoro 
 knowledge of the principles and methods of teaching. Above all it is a practical treatment 
 of subject matter and a students’ text easily adaptable to varied schools and conditions. 
 Contains 2x9 pages and 225 illustrations, and is bound in black flexible leather, pocket 
 book size. Price, $1.50. 
 
 Simplified Mechanical Perspective. By F. F. Frederick. 
 
 A textbook of simple problems covering the essentials of mechanical perspective. It is 
 planned for pupils of high school age who have already received some elementary training 
 in mechanical drawing. It is simple, direct and practical. Price, 75 cents. 
 
 Practical Typography. By George E. McClellan. 
 
 A remarkable textbook for students of printing. It contains a course of exercises ready 
 to place in the hands of pupils, and explains and illustrates the most approved methods 
 used in correct composition. A valuable feature of the book lies in the fact that in the 
 early stages of the course the pupil sets up in type a description of what he is doing with 
 his hands. It contains 63 exercises, treating of composition from “Correct Spacing” to 
 the “Making up of a Book,” and the “Composition of Tables.” Price, $1.50. 
 
 Art Metal Work. By Arthur F. Payne. 
 
 A textbook written by an expert craftsman and experienced teacher. It treats of the 
 various materials and their production, ores, alloys, commercial forms, etc.; of tools and 
 equipments suitable for the work, the inexpensive equipment of the practical craftsman; and 
 of the correlation of art metalwork with design and other school subjects. It describes in 
 detail all the processes involved in making articles ranging from a watch fob to a silver 
 loving-cup. It gives new methods of construction, new finishes, new problems. It is 
 abundantly and beautifully illustrated, showing work done by students under ordinary 
 school conditions in a manual training shop. The standard book on the subject. Price, $1.50. 
 
 The Wash Method of Handling Water-Colour. By F. F. Frederick. 
 
 A brief, clear, comprehensive text printed in sepia and illustrated with wash draw 
 ings and a water-color painting by the author. Price, 50 cents. 
 
 Classroom Practice in Design. By James Parton Haney. 
 
 A concise, up-to-date, richly illustrated brochure on the teaching of applied design. 
 Price, 50 cents. 
 
Inexpensive Basketry. By William S. Marten. 
 
 A teachers’ manual presenting in detail the processes of coiled basket construction. 
 The book gives a complete treatment of the necessary equipment, and the preparation of 
 raw materials, and outlines a course for grades three to six. In addition it contains a 
 bibliography of books and magazine articles treating of basketry. It is unique among 
 books on basketry, as it shows by a series of excellent photographs every step in the 
 construction of coiled baskets. The illustrations “really illustrate” and show the hand 
 full-size in the different positions assumed in making a complete basket. Price, 25 cents. 
 
 Paper and Cardboard Construction. By G. P. Buxton and F. L. Curran. 
 
 A book of special value because of the fund of information, and the excellent selection 
 and classification of material. It is a handbook for teachers covering book problems, box 
 problems, card problems and envelope problems for the first four grades. It outlines 
 courses, gives detailed working directions, and suggestions concerning equipment, supplies 
 and methods of teaching. Illustrated with photographs and complete working drawings of 
 each problem. Price, $1.50. 
 
 Leather Work. By Adelaide Mickel. 
 
 A manual on art leather work for students, teachers and craft workers. It gives detailed 
 descriptions of the various processes of working, treating of flat modeling, embossing or 
 repousse, carved leather and cut work. It is well illustrated with photographs of finished 
 work and working drawings of twent}' useful and beautiful articles suitable for school and 
 home work. Price, 75 cents. 
 
 Olay Work. By Katherine Morris Lester. 
 
 This book was written by a grade teacher and art worker to help teachers in acquiring 
 the technique of clay working, and to give them suggestions concerning the teaching of the 
 several types of clay work suited to pupils in the elementary schools. It covers the study 
 of natural forms, the human figure in relief, and the round, animal forms, story illustration, 
 architectural ornament, tiles, hand-built potter}', and pottery decoration. The book is 
 richly illustrated with more than fifty half-tone and line cuts showing processes, designs, 
 and the work of children from ten to twelve years of age. Price, $1.00. 
 
 Handicraft for Girls. By Idabelle McGlauflin. 
 
 A handbook for teachers, detailing a five-years’ course in sewing for girls in the public 
 schools. Chapters on stitches, fibers and fabrics, cloth and cardboard construction, basketry, 
 dress in its relation to art, and home furnishing. It is definite enough to be thoroljr practical 
 and elastic enough to suit the varied conditions in rural, village or city schools. Price, $1.00. 
 
 Manual Training and Vocational Education. 
 
 A magazine of “quality.” The professional journal of the teachers of manual, voca¬ 
 tional and industrial education. It publishes practical articles on the ways and means of 
 “doing things.” It discusses vital problems in teaching the manual arts and presents the 
 best current thought on the development of manual training and vocational education. To 
 the inexperienced teacher, it is valuable in solving numerous problems, and to the experienced 
 teacher, it is a means of keeping abreast of the times. It is ably edited, attractively printed, 
 and well illustrated with photographs and drawings made especially for its pages. Published 
 monthly except July and August. $2.00 a year; Canada $2.25; Foreign $2.50. 
 
 Problems in Farm Woodwork. By Samuel A. Blackburn. 
 
 A collection of 100 practical problems relating to agriculture and farm life. Ac¬ 
 companying each of the full-page plates of working drawings is a page or more of text 
 treating of “Purpose,” “Material, “Bill of Stock,” “Tools,” “Directions” and “As¬ 
 sembling.” A valuable book for students and teachers of manual arts and agriculture 
 and for the boy on the farm. Price, $1.00. 
 
 Books on the Manual Arts. 
 
 A bibliography listing and describing all the standard books, and the best of the recent 
 publications, free on request. 
 
 Published by 
 
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS, 
 
 PEORIA, ILLINOIS