compliments or REAU OF INFORMATION SALT LAKE C1TV. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN / Y ellowstone P ark Reached Over Night from Salt Lake City VIA OREGON SHORT LINE and Western Entrance Special low side-trip fares for holders of trans- continental tickets. For further particulars or descriptive literature call on or address. D. E. BURLEY, Gen. Pass. Agt. 201 Deseret News Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materialsl The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN HAR 0 7 1*191 L161— 0-1096 California’s Greatest Railroad THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC The Exposition Line 1915 Main Line and Branches Touch Practically Every Point of Interest in the State Safety and Service Unexcelled THE MOST DIRECT LINE WEST We Desire to Serve You Efficiently Let Us Know How We May Do So. C. S. FEE C. L. McFAUL P. T. M. D. F. & P. A. San Francisco, Salt Lake City Calif. Utah SOUTHERN PACIFIC THE SCENIC ROUTE EAST OR WEST DENVER, firPIO ft RANDE WESTERN PACIFIC “The Royal Gorge — Feather River Canon Route’ 1 ^ Penetrates the heart of the Rocky and Sierra-Ne- vada Mountains and offers more noted ^Scenic* at- tractions, that can be seen from the train than any other transcontinental line. The marvelous scenic attractions along the main line combined with convenient train and superior dining car service, gives the traveler a trip of stim- ulating interest and maximum comfort. Through Pullman Standard and Tourist Sleeping Cars daily to Pueblo, Colorado Springs, Denver, Kansas City, St. Louis, Omaha and Chicago on the East and Oroville, Marysville, Sacramento, Stockton, Oakland and San Francisco on the West. Illustrated descriptive literature free on request: I. A. Benton, G. A., P. D., Salt Lake City E. L. Lomax, Frank A. Wadleigh, Asst. Passenger Traffic Mgr., Passenger Traffic Mgr. San Francisco, Cal. Denver, Colo. TEMPLE BLOCK, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH Its People, Resources, At- tractions and Institutions Compiled From Authentic Infor- mation and the Latest Reports COMPLIMENTS OF THE BUREAU OF INFORMATION TEMPLE BLOCK, SALT LAKE CITY Representatives of the Bureau of Information may be found at the following addresses Eastern States — Walter P. Monson, 33 West 126th Street, N. Y. Northern States — German E. Ellsworth, 2555 N. Sawyer Street, Chicago, 111. Southern States — Chas. A. Callis, 711 Fairview Avenue, Chatta- nooga, Tenn. Central States — Samuel O. Reunion, 302 So. Pleasant Street, Inde- pendence, Mo. Western States— John L. Herrick, 622 W. 6th Ave., Denver, Colo. Northwestern States — Melvin J. Ballard, 264 East 25th Street, Portland, Ore. Seattle — S06 Newton Street. Spokane — So. 421 McClellan Street. Butte — 614 Nevada Avenue. Boise — 504 Washington Street. California — Jos. E Robinson, 153 W. Adams Street, Los Angeles, Cal., and 724 Broderick Street, San Francisco. Great Britain — Hyrum M. Smith, Durham House, 295 Edge Lane, Liverpool, and 152 High Road, Tottenham, London, England. Switzerland and Germany — Hyrum W. Valentine, Rheinlander Str. 10, Basel, Switzerland. Netherlands — Le Grand Richards. Crooswijkschesingel 7-B, Rot- terdam, Holland. Scandinavia — Hans Christiansen, Korsgade 11, Copenhagen, Den- mark. Australia — Don C. Rushton, Pemell Street, Newton, Sydney. New Zealand — William Gardner, Box 72, Auckland, New Zealand. Society Islands — Franklin J. Fullmer, Papeete, Tahiti, S. I. Samoa — John A. Nelson, Jr., Pesega, Apia, Upolu, Samoa. Sandwich Islands — S. E. Woolley, P. O. Box 410, Honolulu, H. T. Japan — PI. Grant Ivins, 81 Yakuojimae Machi,^ Ushigome Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Sweden — A. Theodore Tobiason, Svartgatan 3, Stockholm. South Africa — Nicholas G. Smith, 7 Bridge Street, Woodstock, Cape Colony. British Columbia — 1269 8th Avenue West, Vancouver, B. C. France — Jesse R. Pettit, Rue Jose Maria de Heredia 11, Paris. New State Capitol. UTAH Utah is a land of mountains, valleys and plateaus. The Wasatch range extends throughout the greater part of its length, dividing the State into two quite distinct geographical areas — the succession of extremely fertile valleys lying along the western base of the range, with the mountain and desert regions of the western-most part of the State; and the high plateaus to the east- ward bounded by the Wasatch on the west and the long high ridge of the Uintah range on the north. These two great ranges are the determining features of Utah geography. To the west the drainage is into the Great Salt Lake, to the east into the Colorado river. All except the western part is comparatively well watered by the numerous streams which flow down the canyons, fed by the abundant winter snows and the gen- erous summer rainfall of the higher altitudes. The larger of these 6 Utah. streams are the Bear, the Ogden, the Weber, and the Provo, all emptying in Salt Lake; and the Duchesne, and the Price, tribu- taries of the Green, one of the two great branches of the Colo- rado. Though as yet most of the farm lands are found in the cent- ral valleys, most of the high eastern plateau, as well as much of the western desert, is exceptionally fertile, Jn fact, with regard to rainfall and fertility, the State should be designated as semi-aricl instead of arid. The term desert is properly applicable only to the region immediately west of the Great Salt Lake. The interposition of mountain, valley, and plateau gives to Utah an infinite variety of landscape and of industrial resource. Much of the western face of the Wasatch is barren, craggy — even desolate. But these barren crags are the portals of deep canyons, which penetrate to cool mountain recesses; to deep, clear lakes, guarded by snowy peaks, towering aloft into skies of rarer blue than those of storied Greece and Italy; to forests of white columned aspen, fragrant pine, and spicy balsam; to grassy parks abloom with the rarest of alpine flora: to deep brown trout pools; to the haur.ts of big game; to magnificent upland valleys, where thou- sands of sheep and cattle fatten upon the luxuriant mountain forage. In limes net far past nearly the whole of western Utah was covered by a great inland sea many times larger than the present vestigil lake and more than a thousand feet deep. High on the mountain sides this predecessor of our present Great Salt Lake has left terraces carved out while its surface was at that height and while it was sending its overflow to the Pacific ocean — through the channel of the Columbia river. This inland sea lias been called Lake Bonneville, in honor of Captain Bonneville, who was the first to give anything like an adequate account of its existence. Pre-Colonization Times This land, so well and variously fitted to be the home of man, must have lain for ages uninhabited. But somewhere in the re- mote past, into the southern gorges came a mysterious people, building their homes in the high cliffs, while northward a few scat- tered, nearly naked, savages, long had the country all to themselves, living upon fish and game, which they shot with rude arrows tipped with rough-chipped flint. Finally from the southern desert land came Cardenas, the Spaniard; two centuries later the priest, Esca- lante, making his difficult City Creek Canyon. the first settlement of white men in a runaway apprentice destined to way through the precipitous gorges of the mighty Colo- rado. Then- a few decades later, the first of the Anglo- Saxons, intermingled with the French explorers — Peter Skeen Ogden, Ashley, Jede- diah Smith, Etienne Provost, David Jackson Milton and William Sublette, Fitzpat- rick, Greene, Henry, and Jim Bridger. In search of furs and adventure these hardy explorers followed the In- dian trails or blazed new ones through the canyons of the Uintah and the Wasatch mountains, and floated their canoes on the turbulent waters of the Colorado. Near the “Flaming Gorge"’ of the Green river other trappers built Fort Crockett, Utah, and out from here hunted the path-finder Fremont of Utah the name of Kit frontier adventure. path-finders, Jede guide and to link with the chasms and gorges Carson, the hero of innumerable tales of It was in 1S*2(V that that Knight-errant of 8 diah Smith, penetrated the mountains to the eastward and emerged upon the site of the present capital and metropolis of Utah, and wrote for the people of Missouri the first account to be published of the Great Salt Lake. Twenty years later, debonair Lansford Hastings, most picturesque and reckless of guides, led a company of California-bound emigrants down the Weber, while Donner and Reed, turning from his course at the mouth of Echo canyon, made a way for their ill-fated followers along East and Emigration can- yons. The next year following close in their wagon tracks came Brigham Young and the Mormon pioneers, settlers of the land. The Pioneers By Levi Edgar Young ‘‘With aching hands and bleeding feet, We dig and heap, lay stone on stone. We bear the burden and the heat, Of that long day, and wish ’twere done. Not till the hours of light return All we have built do we discern.” — Matthew Arnold. The history of Utah is the story of good homes, where parents have been just, temperate and kind; and where everything has been done to create a healthy, moral outlook upon life. Religion to the “Mormon” people has been a constructive force, for it has directed them to their work, and has affiliated itself with the material pur- suits of life, and all the social forces in their history. The pioneers came from the State of Illinois, arriving here July 24th, 1847. During the winter of 1845-46, their city of Nauvoo was deserted, a city that had become known far and wide for its clean municipal government and healthy moral condition. Its people were now exiled from the country they loved so much, but with hope for the future and a firm trust in God, they The Pioneers. 9 began their preparations to move to new lands, where “they might build home and cities, and establish an equality of opportunity for themselves and their children.’ They gave up their farms and homes for which they realized little. Could one have looked into the typical "Mormon” home in Nauvoo during its last months of life and activity, one would have seen the women making tents and wagon covers, stockings and bed clothes; and the men preparing timber for wagons, and gathering all kinds of iron for horse shoes and wagon tires. They collected all the corn, wheat, bacon and po- tatoes they could, and exchanged their land for horses, cattle, and wagons. In February, 1S46, they left Nauvo*o and crossing the Mis- sissippi on the ice, began their journey across the territory of Iowa to the Missouri river. It was bitter cold weather. Snow covered the earth, and the waste before them was cheerless. Tents were pitched, and beds made on the damp earth. Notwith- standing the camp fires, everything was dreary. During the first night, nine babies were born, but the patient, loving mothers never despaired. Just above what is now Omaha, Winter Quarters was established, and sev- en hundred log cabins, with one hundred and fifty dug-outs, became the homes of the wanderers. A flour mill was built and a good school was maintained. During the winter of 1846-47, many died of hunger and cold. Winter Quarters had been somewhat de- pleted of its robust men, as five hundred of the ablest bodied of them had gone to Santa Fe as United States soldiers to fight for their country in the war with Mexico. In the spring of 3 847, Winter Quarters was astir with the prep- arations of the first band of emigrants to the far west. Brigham Young was at the head of his people, and with a picked company of one hundred and forty-three men, three women, and two chil- dren, he left Winter Quarters in April to locate lands for their new homes. Brigham Young was a natural leader of men, and a con- structor of society. Great in personal force, sincere, earnest, faith- 10 The Pioneers. ful, with a firm trust in God that upon him devolved the respon- sibility of establishing a commonwealth, based upon religion and intelligence, he “was great in the perfect fitting and powerful use of practical means to practical ends.” His company was well or- ganized. It was a pure democracy, for all the people under his direction, understood law and order, and were obedient to them. At the beginning of their journey they came in contact with the Pawnee Indians, whose folk lore and songs have long since been gathered by American ethnologists. How appropriate was their song to the march of the pioneers. “Mountains loom upon the path we take, Yonder peak rises sharp and clear. Behold! It stands with its head uplifted; Thither go we, since our path lies there.” In June, the pioneer party reached the Black Hills and Fort Laramie. From there they followed the Oregon Trail through South Pass to Fort Bridger. Ajong this part of the route especial- ly Brigham Young heard much about the valley of the Great Salt Lake from the trappers and explorers, but all the reports were more or less discouraging. It had long been designated as the one place in the temperate region of North America as worthless, “where only grease wood and sage brush could grow, and where the rattlesnake and coyote repelled the frontiersman;” and the Indians had declared that the Great Spirit had sent a blight over the land because of the wars of their fathers. Notwithstanding all that was said, the pioneers pushed on through Echo canyon, and finally down through Emigration canyon to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake. As Brigham Young looked upon the desert waste, he declared, “It is the Place.” And now began the development of this great arid waste. These pioneers were refined, and many of them had been educated in the best American schools. Deep down in their nature was the feeling of a divine responsibility to make the earth beautiful for man, and to render to their God their souls, purified after years of hardships and toil in this life. Within a month after the arrival of the pioneers, Salt Lake City was laid out and named. The city blocks of ten acres each were divided into lots of equal size of one and one-fourth acres. Close upon the city limits was the farming land, parcelled out in five acre plats; further out, they were ten acres in size, and still Utah. 11 further beyond, twenty acres. Speculation was not allowed. Each head of a household was encouraged to keep and maintain his own home, and to become a producer as well as a consumer. Co-operation entered into the life of the pioneer communities, so in the new settlement of Salt Lake City, men cut and hewed logs for school and meeting houses, they tugged hard at the soil, they built canals and water ditches, and in all of their work there was manifested a unity of purpose which Professor Ely of the University of Wisconsin declares was “the cohesive power neces- sary to obtain economic results.” UTAH By Judge C. C. Goodwin, Dean of Utah Newspaper Men. The fairest picture ever hung in a rustic frame. Long ago it was the fashion to say that Utah was simply a desert. Those who said it did not know the ways of nature. Where she had cached great treasures, what more natural than that she should place her guards over them? So in the long ago she upheaved her moun- tains, giving them a majestic but solemn look, to awe the curious comer. She spread out her valleys and, that their wealth might not be known, carpeted them with the gray serge of the desert. So, through the ages, no one dreamed of the treasures in her mountains, or how her valleys might be transformed. But the pioneers came at last. Save the warmth of the summer air and the smile of the sunbeams, there was no sign of welcome awaiting them, and the desert silence wrapped them 'round like a winding sheet. But they knelt upon the desert ground and gave thanks for the mercies that were theirs. It was the first prayer ever heard in Utah. Then, rising, they sang a praise service. It was the first music that ever rang out on the air of Utah. Then they went to work and toiled on until the bloom fied from their faces and their hands grew gnarled. So they filled their measures of life's du- ties and passed on. But in the meantime the frown of the desert grew less and less repellant and in places was replaced by smiles; and as in compensation for the youth that had fled and to cover the faces 12 Utah. that had become seamed with toil and care, rare flowers began to appear where only the serge of the desert had been. In the meantime, too, the sullen mountains opened their treasure chambers and poured forth their wonders. Then it was clear why at first they had stationed their sentinels of desolation and cold and snow on watch. It was to hold those treasures inviolate until the coming of those who could use them wisely. Then rare structures began to appear in the valleys, further and further away the desert receded. Now from the heights such pictures can be seen in their rustic frames as might have been painted by angel hands with brushes dipped in sunbeams. And if the stranger will set out from Salt Lake and go either north or south he will be greeted with such views as he never saw before of fruitful fields and thriving hamlets, all watched over by overhanging glorified mountains, so filled w i t h sunlight, the songs of birds and A Canyon Trail. blooms of flowers and fruit trees that he will admit the enchantment and acknowledge that every blessing of God seems to be in Utah and that the moving pictures flashing before and around him must have been painted by immortal hands with dyes taken from the fountains where light and love and glories unspeakable are brewed. Temple Block. Trip Around Temple Block The chief interest of the visitor to Salt Lake City centers about the great Mormon Temple. The “Temple Block,” situated in the very heart of the city, is a ten-acre square, surrounded by a stone and adobe wall twelve feet high and three feet thick. Through large gates on each of the four sides the passer-by gets glimpses of the beautifully parked grounds. Immediately inside the south gate is an attractive building of artistic architectural design, with the words “Bureau of Information” inscribed over the door. Here strangers are cordially welcomed into comfortably fur- nished rooms, where at brief intervals parties are formed and are escorted through the buildings and grounds by ladies and gentle- men, who give their time freely for the entertainment of the visit- ing public. Each year more than 200,000 visitors are entertained here. Literature is distributed very liberally and all is given free. “No fees charged and no donations received,” is a watchword on these grounds. An attendant informed us that as many as thirty-nine States and seven foreign countries had been represented upon the registry books in one day. The writer joined one of the tourist parties, a company perhaps of somewhat unusual interest, due to the variety of points of view represented by its members, among whom were a Interior, Bureau of Information, scientist, an artist, a clergyman, and a newspaper man, as well as the average tourist, full of curiosity. We were escorted, moreover, by a very interesting young lad}". Assembly Hall. As we approached the Assembly Hall we passed the Sea Gull Monument, (See Page 31). The Assembly Plall is a semi-Gothic structure of gray granite, which occupies the southwest corner of the grounds. It was built from 1877 to 1882, and is 68x120 feet in dimensions. Our guide informed us that this building, with a seat- ing capacity of about 2,000, is used for religious services, including German and Scandinavian meetings, and also for public lectures and concerts for which the big Tabernacle would be larger than necessary. Our scientist commended the plain seats as sensible and sani- tary. The clergyman asked if there were no pews in any of the Mormon churches. “No,” answered our guide, “there are no Assembly Hall. 15 rented seats or pews in any of our places of worship. All people are served alike, banker and day-laborer seating themselves side by side. Moreover, there are no collections made and no contrib, tion boxes found in our churches, the organization being supported by the tithes of the people. The Mormons observe the ancient law of tithing as it was given to the children of Israel, by which a member pays one-tenth of his income, as a free-will offering, for tiie support of the Church.” Our artist next inquired the significance of the bee-hive sketched on the ceiling- just above the pipe or- gan. We were in- formed that the bee- hive is the State em- blem, symbolizing in- dustry. The early set- tlers established a form of State government and sought admission to the Union under the .name of the State of Deseret. “ Deseret/’ said our guide, “is a word taken from the Book of Mormon, meaning in the language of the ancient people of this continent, the honey bee. When, however, we were given Territorial government and subsequently Statehood, it was under the name of Utah, this title being derived from the name of the VJte Indian tribe. We retained the bee-hive as our emblem and f ate seal, for it symbolizes the activity and industry which have been and are fundamental in the structure and growth of our grea.'c Western State/’ Temple Grounds. Tabernacle. We went out at the north door of the Assembly Hall, facing directly the world-famed Tabernacle. As we passed from the one building to the other we were refreshed with the fragrance and beauty of the foliage and well-kept flower beds. 16 Tabernacle. We entered the Tabernacle at the west end and took our stand on a level with the pulpits and almost at the base of the renowned organ. The plainness and simplicity of the building first im- pressed us, but as we surveyed the long rows of seats and the tre- mendous vaulted ceiling, the vastness of the place grew upon us and inspired mingled feelings of solemnity, awe, and admiration. The Tabernacle is an immense auditorium, elliptic in shape, and seats 8,000 people. It is 250 feet long by 150 feet wide, and 80 feet in height. The self-supporting wooden roof is a remarkable work of engineering. It rests upon pillars or buttresses of red sandstone which stand 10 to 12 feet apart in the whole circumfer- ence of the building. The pillars support wooden arches, 10 feet in thickness and spanning 150 feet. These arches, of a lattice-truss construction, are put together with wooden pins, there being no nails or iron of aiw kind used in the frame work* The building was erected from 1865 to 1867. This being before the railroads reached Utah, all the imported material used in the construction had to be hauled with ox-teams from the Missouri river. It was for this reason that wooden pins were used in place of heavy nails. The roof now has a metallic covering, which a few years ago replaced the old wooden shingles. The original cost of this building was about $300,000, exclusive of the cost of the organ. (The great organ and widely famed Mormon Choir are de- scribed on page 28). Regular public services are held in the Tabernacle Sunday afternoons at 2 o’clock, and during the summer season free organ recitals are given daily for the visiting public. Our guide, promising to illustrate the acoustic properties of the building, led the way through the long gallery to the end of the building farthest from the organ. Arriving at this new position, Avenue on Temple Block. Tabernacle. 17 our attention was courteously invited by the custodian who occu- pied the place we had left a few moments before. At this distance of 200 feet, he dropped a pin on the wooden railing, and also whis- pered, both of which we heard with incredible distinctness. Our guide assured us that when all is quiet this whisper or pin-drop can be heard from any position in the building. “Who was the architect of this remarkable structure,” asked the scientist, “ and where did lie get his idea?” “The Tabernacle was planned and erected under the direction of our pioneer leader, Brigham Young. He was a glazier and cabinet-maker by trade, but had been schooled chiefly by hardship and experience.” “By what you must call wonderful genius,” continued our guide, “he not only designed such remarkable buildings as this and the Temple, but he built an equally wonderful commonwealth; one which is unique among Middle and Western States for the law and order, religious devotion, and loyalty which characterize its earliest history. For all this you must recognize Brigham Young as a genius, but to us he was an inspired man; a prophet of God, the di- vinely chosen successor to our Prophet-founder Joseph Smith.” Sincere enthusiasm was apparent in the face of our guide as she uttered these strange comments. Perhaps it was this very enthusiasm which attracted us, and led several of our party to ask questions about Joseph Smith and the founding of the Mormon Church. “The Prophet Joseph Smith,” our guide began, “was instru- mental in re-establishing the Church of Christ in accordance with revelations given some times directly by the voice of our Heavenly Father, sometimes through heavenly messengers, or by divine in- spiration. As quite a boy, Joseph Smith was of a religious turn of mind, and sought through study and earnest prayer to know which of the contending sects he should join. It was revealed to him that the perfect plan instituted by Christ, with all the au- thority and powers of the holy priesthood and the spiritual gifts enjoyed by the early church, was about to be restored. After sev- eral years of preparation and inspired instruction, the Prophet was divinely authorized to organize the Church in all its former sim- plicity and spiiitual power. This was accomplished in 1830, in the State of New York. Subsequently the church established head- quarters successively in the States of Ohio, Missouri and Illinois, 18 Tabernacle. and in 1846 and 1847, after the martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, was forced to seek refuge in the Rocky Mountains.” Our guide spoke feelingly of the numerous hardships and per- secutions which her people endured, which finally culminated in the “Mormon Exodus.” “But after all,” remarked the artist, “you have at least made your place of banishment an exceedingly pleasant retreat.” As we were leaving the Tabernacle the clergyman asked who did the preaching in that immense building. We were informed that the Mormons have no professional or paid preachers, but that the presiding officer at any meeting calls members of the congre- gation, frequently without previous notice, to address the people. It was explained that such a speaker is entirely free in his utter- ances, unrestrained by any feeling of financial dependence upon his congregation. Moreover, no select class is relied upon to be versed in the theology of the church, but every member is expected to understand its doct- rines and be prepared to expound them and to exhort his fellow members. A very wide distribution of respon* sibility is in this way secured. “Do women ever oc- cupy these or any of your pulpits?” was “Certainly they do. Net a few of the great women orators of che world have spoken from this stand: Susan B. Anthony, Eliza- beth Cady Stanton, May Wright Sewell, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, Mme. Lydia Von F. Mountford and many others.” “But what about your own women? Do they ever come out in public?” “Yes, indeed. Our women are the freest, most intensely in- dividualistic women on the earth. They have three organizations of their own. The Relief Society was organized in 1843 by the Tabernacle Grounds. asked by a lady of the partv. Temple. 19 Prophet Joseph Smith, as a special women’s quorum with philan- thropic and educational possibilities. This organization now num- bers over thirty thousand women, has up-to-date offices and head- quarters, a periodical now in its 32d year, owns many ward houses, spends thousands of dollars yearly for charity, and keeps thousands more in its treasury constantly. The Young Ladies’ Mutual Im- provement Association was organized by Brigham Young in 1869, the first association being among his own daughters. This associa- tion also numbers over thirty thousand girls, has thousand^ of books in its libraries, gathers and disburses thousands of dollars annually in educational and other directions, has a magazine in its 25th volume, which the birls own, edit and control. The Primary Association has nearly thirty thousand children marshaled under its banner, has offices and headquarters in the Bishop’s building, and publishes its own magazine. This Association was organized under the direction of President John Taylor, and has the training of the children in ethics and religion as its basic thought and pur- pose. All of these organizations have General Boards located in this city, and all have yearly conferences held in this building. “The women conduct their own services, do their own speak- ing, and have their own choirs. They have Stake and Ward con- ferences in all their organizations, at stated periods. The members of their General Boards travel constantly, visiting the branches and missions and founding their organizations everywhere, even extending to England, Germany, Scandinavia, Australia, Canada, Mexico and to the islands of the sea. There are suffrage organi- zations in Utah among our women, with clubs and councils, while literature, art and music claim thousands of our young people as votaries and students. Women have full suffrage in Utah.” We were somewhat stunned by the rush of unusual experi- ences and unexpected information, so we followed our guide quietly as she led the way down the broad stairway from the gallery, and thus found ourselves facing the west front of the Temple. Temple. Our guide led us to a position from which we had an excellent view of this massive granite structure with its six majestic spires. The Temple is 186*4 feet long by 99 feet wide; its greatest height being 222 feet to the top of the figure which surmounts the central eastern tower. Less than six years after the first pioneers 20 Temple. found here a desolate, sage-brush wilderness, they commenced this building. They laid the foundation walls, sixteen feet wide and eight feet deep, while above ground the walls vary in thickness from nine to six feet. Tn 1873 the railroad was built to the granite quarries, about twenty miles southeast of the city. Up to that time the huge blocks of stone were hauled by ox teams, requiring at times, four yoke of oxen four days to transport a single stone. The building was not completed until 1893, just forty years after it was commenced. Of course, there were intervals when work had to be suspended, owing to the poverty of the people and other difficulties that confronted them in early days. The building cost in all about $4,000,000.00. Temple Block. 1893, no visitors have been admitted. Visitors are never admitted to the Tem- ple. Our guide in formed us that just after it was completed, large numbers of the visiting pub lie to- gether with a great many residents of Salt Lake, not members of the Mormon Church, were shown through the building, but since its dedication, April G, “That’s strange,” remarked the clergyman at this point, “we admit everyone to our churches.” “Yes,” put in a tourist, “I have traveled around the world and have entered the churches every- where.” “I grant,” answered our guide, smiling good naturedly, “that you may find many peculiar things about us. Unlike syna- gogues, churches, cathedrals and other places of worship, the Tem- ple is not designed as a place of public assembly for the people in general. It is to us what Solomon’s temple was to the sincere Jews, a holy place, devoted to sacred ordinances. We perform here marriage and baptismal ceremonies and other sacred rites, some of which are for the dead.” Ordinances. 21 Ordinances. “Do I understand that you perform ordinances for the dead?” asked a lady in the party. “Yes,” was the answer, “we baptize and perform other rites for the dead. We believe that there is hope in the future life for those to whom the chance has not come in this life to receive the benefits of Christ’s vicarious atonement. We believe, as is taught in the Bible, the Gospel is preached in the spirit world to the dead. I Peter 3:18; I Peter 4:6; John 5:25-28. But the outward ordi- nances of the Gospel, such as baptism, pertain to this world and may be performed in a vicarious way by the living for the dead. That is to say, the living are baptized in our Temple in the names of, or as proxies for, their dead ancestors; the efficacy of the ordi- nance depending upon its acceptance or rejection by the one for whom it is performed. The Apostle Paul’s clear reference in I Cor. 15:29 to the baptism for the dead, and other references in ecclesi- astical history, prove that it was a doctrine of the early Christian Church. This, with many other precious truths, has been re- stored to the Latter-day Saints !^y revelation.” “Our baptisms,” continued our guide, “are all performed by immersion, and for the purpose there is provided in the Temple a font, supported by twelve brazen oxen, similar to the one in Solomon’s Temple, of which we read in the Old Testament (I Kings 7:23-25.) “Perhaps you begin to understand now why this structure is not public. It is not even open to all members of our own Church, but only to those in good standing. This means simply those who are striving to live consistent Christian lives, moral and upright in their conduct, and temperate in their habits. In all such matters the Mormon people are very strict indeed.” “On that score,” put in the scientist, “we have seen enough since coming to Utah to vindicate you, for an exceedingly frugal and industrious people is never a bad people. These very monu- ments to your thrift and self-sacrifice speak more forcibly for your character than anything you can say.” Marriages. Recurring to our guide’s statement that marriages were per- formed in the Temple, a lady in the party asked if all Mormon marriages are solemnized there. 22 Marriages. “No,” was the answer, “unfortunately not quite all of our young people have that standing in the Church which will entitle them to go into our Temple, but a large majority of them are mar- ried in this or in one of the three other such buildings that we have in other parts of Utah. There is a difference, however, between marriages solemnized in our Temple and those performed else- where. The same power which Christ gave to His apostles, saying, ‘Whatsoever ye shall seal on earth shall be sealed in heaven and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven/ is held in our Church to-day. and marriages performed by that au- thority are binding for all eternity. Thus we believe that the family ties that we form in this life, and which are so dear to us, will be perpetuated beyond the grave. Those sealing ordinances are performed in our Temples, and we regard them among the most sacred ceremonies of our Church. Those of our people who are married outside our Temple are married for this life only.” “Are there any divorces in your church?” asked the news- paper man. “Of course,” was the reply, “the same power which makes the bond may also loose it, but it is only upon the gravest grounds that church divorces are granted, and they are exceedingly rare.” “Who determines who may go into your Temples?” asked the clergyman. The guide then explained that the Mormon Church is divided into small districts called wards, each of which is presided over by three men, a bishop and two counselors. These bishops are expected to be acquainted with all the members of their wards, and it is from them that recommends are obtained, certifying worthi- ness to enter the Temple. There are about 35 of these ecclesiasti- cal wards in Salt Lake City, and about 700 in the whole Mormon Church. In each ward they have a meetinghouse or chapel where Sunday Schools are held Sunday mornings, also services Sunday evenings, and numerous meetings during the week of the Quor- ums of the Priesthood and of the various auxiliary organizations mentioned by our guide in the Tabernacle. In this connection it was explained that in each of these wards the bishop has laboring under him, a corps of “teachers” whose duty it is to visit every member in their respective districts once a month and thus share with the presiding authority the responsi- bility of instructing all members in their spiritual duties and ex- Symbols. 23 horting them to faithfulness. These monthly house-to-house visits enlist the services of an army of church workers. Also as these “teachers” make their visits, they are expected to take cognizance of the temporal needs of the people, and if any are found to be poor and in need of relief, this fact is reported to the bishop of the ward and their wants are supplied from funds in his keeping. All this provision for charity is in addition to the Woman’s Relief So- ciety organization in each ward, described by our guide in the Tabernacle. The Mormons, as our scientist remarked, have cer- tainly solved for themselves the very grave social problems of poor relief. Their system avoids the evils and dangers of promiscuous distribution of charity. Symbols. Our guide was about to lead the way back to the Bureau of Information, when the artist who had been scanning the Temple more closely than the rest of us*, asked if the symbols of the sun, moon and stars, forming part of the decorative scheme of the building, had any significance. In the answer we were informed that there is practically no feature in the structure and decoration of the Temple that is not symbolic. “The sun, moon and stars,” the answer was, “symbolize a very important point in our theology. We reject the idea of one heaven where all who attain to a certain degree of righteousness enjoy eternal bliss, and one place of eternal punishment to which all who fall short of this degree are irrevocably assigned. We believe that though all mankind will be resurrected, there are different degrees of reward, exaltation and glory awaiting us hereafter, and that Christ shall reward ‘every man according to his works.’ Matt. 16 : 27 . The symbols of sun, moon and stars are used in this connection in the writings of the Apostle Paul (I Cor. 15 : 41 ). ‘There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for one star differeth from another star in glory. So also is the resurrection of the dead.’ This doctrine is more elaborately expounded in a revelation given through the Prophet Joseph Smith. Mormonism teaches a doctrine of eternal progression, in which progression, this life is a brief but vital stage.” Our newspaper man, begging permission to put just one more 24 Moroni and the Book of Mormon. question, asked of what the figure which surmounts the central spire of the Temple is made and what it represents. Moroni and the Book of Mormon. “That figure,' ” was the reply, “12 feet in height, is of hammered copper, covered with gold leaf. It represents the Angel Moroni, the son of Mormon.” “Well, who was Mormon?” asked a half dozen questioners at once. “He was the writer of the Book of Mormon,” was the answer. Again came the question. “What is the Book of Mormon?” Our guide then explained that the Book of Mormon is an inspired his- torical record of the ancient inhabit- ants of the American continent, in many respects corresponding to the Old Testament. The Book is princi- pally a history of a colony which left Jerusalem in about 600 years B. C., led by a prophet named Lehi, who was contemporary with the Prophet Jeremiah. This Colony embarked in the Persian gulf and was led by di- vine guidance to the western coast of South America, becoming the nucleus for an extensive people upon this continent. The people had prophets among them who kept a record of their history and of God’s dealings with them. These records were engraved in Hebrew and Egyptian characters upon metallic plates, which were handed down from generation to generation in the line of the prophets and kings. The Gospel of Christ was revealed to this people and His Church established among them. One of the last of their prophets, named Mormon, who lived about 400 A. D., made a compilation and abridgment of all the records which came into his hands. His work was therefore called the Book of Mormon. “It is from the fact that we believe in this book,” remarked our guide, “that we are commonly called Mormons, whereas the cor- Moroni and the Book of Mormon. 25 rect name of our Church is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints.” She explained further that this Mormon passed his record to the care of his son Moroni, who, after a brief account of his own time, and after witnessing the destruction of the more intelligent of his people, was commanded to hide away the record in a hill, known to that ancient people as Cumorah, and situated in what is now Western New York. It was this same Moroni who revealed to Joseph Smith the hiding place of his record, together with nu- merous divine instructions, as to the re-establishment of the Church of Christ in our own time. Mormonism claims to be this restored Church. The American Indians, the Latter-day Saints say, are descend- ed from remnants of this ancient people described in the Book of Mormon. Our guide informed us further that her people regard the reve- lations received through this heavenly messenger, Moroni, as a di- rect fulfillment of a prophecy contained in the Revelation of St. John, “and I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven having the everlasting Gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation and kindred and tongue and people, saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to Him; for the hour of His judgment is come; and worship Him that made heaven and earth and the sea, and the fountains of water” (Rev. 1 4^: r 6, 7 ) . The Mormon people consider it as their particular mission to preach to the world a message of repentance and warning preparatory to the judgments that shall precede the second coming of the Christ and His millennial reign. With a promise to show us copies of the Book, and to furnish us freely with tracts containing further information, our guide led us back to the Bureau of Information. Several of our party bought cloth bound copies of the Book of Mormon. This is not, by the way, the Mormon Bible. The Mormons use King James’ translation as freely as do other Christians, but use the Book of Mormon as an additional book of scripture, con- taining, they maintain, many valuable truths supplementary to the Jewish scriptures. En route to the Bureau, we passed two life-size statues, in bronze, of Joseph Smith, the prophet, and his brother Hyrum, of whom our guide spoke almost reverently in the Tabernacle. 26 Statues of Joseph and Hyrum Smith. Our guide informed us that the statues formerly occupied niches at. the east end of the Temple, but were recently placed in the open grounds so that visitors might more easily see them and become familiar with the noble mission of the martyr brothers, by means of the inscriptions on the respective pedestals. Statues of Joseph Smith and Hyrum Smith. Inscription on the front tablet of the Frophet’s statue: JOSEPH SMITH The Prophet of the new dispensation of the gospel of Jesus Christ our Lord. He was born at Sharon, Vermont, on the 23rd of December, 1805; and suffered martyrdom for the word of God and the testimony of Jesus at Carthage, Illinois, on the 27th of June, 1844. HIS VISION OF GOD I saw two personages whose glory and brightness defy all description. One of them spake unto me and said: THIS IS MY BELOVED SON: HEAR HIM. I asked which of all the sects was right and which I should join. I was answered I must join none of the'm; they were all wrong; they teach for doctrine the commandments of men; 1 re- ceived a promise that the fullness of the gbspel would at some future time be made known to me. THE BOOK OF MORMON This book was revealed to him, and he translated it by the gift and power of God. It is an inspired history of ancient America, and contains the fullness of the gospel. It is the American Testament of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CHURCH. Joseph Smith received divine authority through the minis- tration of angels to teach the gospel and administer the ordi- nances thereof. He established again in the earth the Church of Jesus Christ, organizing it by the will and commandment of God on the 6th day of April, 1830. He also received commission to gather Israel and establish Zion on this land of America; to erect temples and perform all ordinances therein both for the living and the dead; and pre- pare the way for the glorious coming of the Lord Jesus Christ to reign on earth. Statues of Joseph and Hyrum Smith. 27 Inscription on the back tablet of the statue: TRUTH-GEMS From t'he Teachings of Joseph Smith. The glory of God is intelligence. It is impossible for a man to be saved in ignorance. Whatever principle of intelligence we attain unto in this life will rise with us in the resurrection. There is a law irrevocably decreed in neaven before the foundations of this world, upon which all blessings a>re predicat- ed; and when we obtain any blessing from God it is by obedi- ence to that law on which it is predicated. This is the work and glory of God: to bring to pass the im- mortality and eternal life of man. Adam fell that man might be; and men are that they might have joy. The intelligence of spirits had no beginning, neither will it have an end. Jesus was in the beginning with the Father: man was also in the beginning with God. Intelligence, or the light of truth was not created or made, neither indeed can be. The spirit and body is the soul of man; and the resurrection from the dead is the redemption of the soul. “It is the first principle of the Gospel to know for a certain- ty the character of God; and to know that man, (as. Moses), may converse with Him as one man converses with another.” Inscription on tablet of the Patriarch’s statue: HYRUM SMITH The Patriarch and a witness of the Book of Mormon. An elder brother and the steadfast friend and counselor of Joseph Smith, the Prophet. Born at Tunbridge, Vermont, February 9th, 1800; suffered martyrdom with the Prophet at Carthage, Illinois, on the 27th of June, 1844. The friendship of the brothers Hyrum and Joseph Smith is foremost among the few great friendships of the world’s his- tory. Their names will be classed among the martyrs for re- ligion. The Book of Mormon — the plates of which Hyrum Smith both saw and handled; the revelations in the Book of Doctrine and Covenants; the Church of Jesus Christ of Hatter-day Saints — these, to bring them forth for the salvation of the world, cost the best blood of the 19th century. “I could pray in my he?.rt that all men were like my brother Hyrum, who possesses the mildness of a lamb and the integrity of Job; and, in short, the meekness and humility of Christ. 1’ love him with that love that i-j stronger than death.” — Joseph Smith. “If ever there was an exemplary, honest and virtuous man, the embodiment of all that is noble in the human form, Hyrum Smith was the representative.” — President John Taylor. As he shared in the labors, so does he share in the honor and glory of the new dispensation with his prophet brother. In life they were not divided; in death they were not sep- arated; in glory they are one. The Great Organ. In the west end of the Tabernacle is the Great Organ. It has been conceded by visiting musicians that this is the finest instru- ment in America, if not in the world. It was constructed over The Great Organ. 28 forty years ago, entirely by Utah artisans and mostly from native materials. It was built under the direction of Joseph Ridges, and later re-constructed by Niels Johnson, assisted by Shure Olsen, Henry Taylor and others. In later years many rapid strides have been made in organ construction and effects. The Church au- thorities decided to have this instrument at least abreast of the times, and called in the services of skilled experts who plac- ed entire new mechanism in the instrument, using such of the old material as was good for years to come, in the way of pipes, and re-voiced the instrument according to modern schools. The work was completed some years ago, and since that time the organ has been regarded as the ne plus ultra in organ building. Such is the verdict of so eminent a critic as the late Dr. Geo. W. Walter, organist of the Temple, Washington, D. C, who paid a special visit to Salt Lake in April, 1901, for the purpose of studying the organ. His state- ments have been echoed by numerous prominent organists who have since visited the Great Organ. The front towers have an altitude of 48 feet, and the dimensions of the or- gan are 30x33 feet; it has 101 stops and accessories, and cantains a total of over 5.000 pipes, ranging in length from one-fourth inch to 3-1 feet. It comprises five complete organs — Solo, Swell, Great Choir and Pedal; in other words, four keyboards in ad- dition to th.e pedals. It is capable of thousands upon thousands of tonal varieties. The different varieties of tone em- Tabernacle Organ. The Tabernacle Choir. 29 bodied in this noble instrument represent the instruments of an orchestra, military band, and choir, as well as the deep and sonor- ous stops for which the organ is famed. There is no color, shade or tint of tone that cannot be produced upon it. The or- gan is blown by a 10-horse power electric motor, anad two gangs of feeders furnish 5,000 cubic feet of air a minute when it is being played full. The organist is seated twenty feet from the instrument, which places him well among the choir. Undoubtedly the organ owes much to the marvel- ous acoustics of the Tabernacle, but even with this allowance made, it is still the most perfect instrument of its kind in existence. The total cost of the Organ to date is about $125,000. Free public recitals are given under direction of the First Presidency by Pro- fessors John J. McClellan, the Tabernacle organist, and Edward P. Kimball and Tracy Y. Cannon, assistant organists. The Bureau of Information will cheerfully give tourists the hours of these functions. The Tabernacle Choir. This famous body of singers (known generally as the Mormon Tabernacle Choir) was organized by President Brigham Young in the early days of the State. The original conductors of the Tabernacle Choir. choir, in order of their service, have been as follows: John Parry, Stephen Goddard, James Smithies, Prof. Charles J. Thomas, 30 The Sea Gull Story. William Sands, Prof. George Careless, Prof. E. Beesley and Prof. Evan Stephens, the present incumbent. The choir was enlarged to about one hundred singers at the time it was transferred to the large Tabernacle under Prof. Careless’ direction, and, with his wife, Mrs. Lavinia Careless, as ieading soprano, it achieved almost national reputation. The present mammoth organization of 500 enrolled singers (the largest regular church choir in the world) dates back to 1890, when the present conductor and manager, Prof. Evan Stephens, took charge. The choir was then organized on a broader basis than before and divided into eight vocal parts, viz., first and second soprano, alto, tenor and bass. Free training classes have been held for the benefit of the members in sight reading, voice culture, harmony and composition. The choir is self-supporting financially, and the members give their services freely to this phase of church work. A portion of this or- ganization numbering from 150 to 250 members, has visited other States on concert tours, notably Chicago (where it secured a prize of $1,000 in choral singing), and Denver, California, New York and Eastern States. The Sea-Gull Story One of the most interesting bits of Utah folklore is the sea gull story. After their long and perilous journey across the plains, the pioneers (less than 150 people in the first company), arrived on the morning* of July 24, 1847, practically destitute. That same afternoon they plowed and planted wheat and pota- toes. With prayer and thanksgiving they saw their crops be- ginning to grow. The following year 5,000 acres were under cultivation. Then suddenly great dark clouds gathered. They turned out to be crickets which descended upon the new leaves. The despair of the people was intense. Fight as they would they saw half their crops utterly destroyed by the pest and starvation seemed inevitable. Then new clouds came, white, dense and sudden. Thousands of gulls were sweeping towards them. The people’s hearts stood still with fear of fresh calamity, but the birds had come to the rescue. They fell upon the crickets, gorging, disgorging and gorging again. The crops were saved. The Sea Gull Monument. 31 No one kills a gull in Utah. Sentiment and a $25.00 fine protect these birds. For the coming of the gull is looked upon as a special intervention of a Providence that rewards industry and answers the prayers of faith. THE SEA GULL MONUMENT. To commemorate the above historic incident, a sea gull monu- ment has recently been completed and unveiled upon Temple Block. For several years the erection of such a monument has been contemplated, and about two years ago, Mahonri M. Young, a grandson of the great pioneer leader, Brig- ham Young, submitted a design which was ac- cepted by the First Presidency and he was authorized to proceed with the work. The granite base, weighing twenty tons, rests upon a concrete foundation. From the base rises a round col- umn of granite fifteen feet high, surmounted by a granite globe. Two sea gulls of bronze rest upon the granite ball. The birds weigh about 500 pounds and the stretch of the wings, from tip to tip, is eight feet. The unveiling cere- mony took place on Wednesday, October Sea Gull Monument. 1st, 1913. “The graceful Doric column of the monument surmounting the base, is fifteen feet high and is topped by a granite sphere, on which two gulls are seen in the act of lighting upon it — a most 32 The Sea Gull Monument. graceful thing in itself —and Mr. Young, the sculptor, has caught the action of it true to life. “On three sides of the high base, in relief sculpture, the Sea Gull story is told: The tableture on the east tells of the arrival and early movements of the Pioneers. In the left foreground of the rugged Wasatch mountains there is the man afield with ox team, plowing the stubborn soil, aided by the boy driver, followed by the sower. In the right foreground is the wagon home, women preparing the humble meal while an In- dian sits in idle but graceful pose looking upon all this strange activity that is to re- deem his land from savagery and give it back to civiliza- tion. “The second tableture — on the south — tells the story of the threatened devastation from the crickets’ invasion. “A point of mountain and a glimpse of the placid, dis- tant lake is seen. The farm- er’s fight with the invading host is ended — he has exhausted all his ingenuity and his strength in the fight. He is beaten— -you can see that in the hopeless sinking of his figure to the earth his bowed head and listless down-hanging hands from which the spade has fallen. “Despair claims him and laughs. With the woman of this tableture it is different. She is holding a child by the hand — through it she feels throbbing the call of the future — the life of a generation of men and women yet to be. “Strange that to woman — man’s complement — is given such superior strength in hours of severest trial. Where man’s strength and courage and fighting ends, woman’s hope and faith and trust seem to spring into newness of life. From her nature she seems able to do this inconsistent yet true thing — to hope against hope, and ask till she receives. The Sea Gull Monument. 33 “I do not know in what school of psychology the sculptor studied his art, but he has certainly been true to the great psy- chological difference between man and woman. But to re- turn to this woman of the second tableture — she, too, is toil worn, and there is some- thing truly pathetic in her body weariness, but her head is raised. Raised to what until now has seemed the pitiless skies; but now they are filled with the oncoming flocks of sea gulls. Does she watch their coming with merely idle curiosity or vague wonderment? Or does her soul in the strange gull cry hear God’s answer to her cal! for help? God’s answer to her they were, these gulls, in any event, as the gulls soon proved by devouring the destroyer. '‘The third tableture com- memorates the Pioneer’s first harvest — worthily, too. In the background rises En- sign Peak. “In the middle background the log house home stands finished; in the foreground, harvesting the golden grain is in progress, both men and women take joyous part. To the right, a mother half kneeling holds to her full breast a balbe, who 'on the heart and from the heart’ re- ceives his nourishment, and about her knees two other children play in happy, child- ish oblivion of toil and care. O, happy scene of life and joy, 'where 34 Z. C. M. I. plenty leaps to laughing life with her redundant horn.’ “On the fourth tableture is the title of the monument. For- tunately it is simple, and not explanatory — the work of the sculp- tor tells the story — tells it well and eloquently. Too much nar- ration would have marred it — this is the inscription: “‘SEA GULL MONUMENT, ERECTED IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF THE MERCY OF GOD TO THE MORMON PIONEERS.’” Z. C. M. I. Zion’s Co-operative Mercantile Institution was organized under the immediate direc- tion of the noted pioneer, colonizer and leader, Brigham Young, October 16, 1868. The chief purpose of its establishment was the regulation of trade for the benefit of the people of Utah. Success attended it from the beginning. Stocks of goods were purchased from merchants who were willing to invest in the insti- tution and business commenced March 1 , 1869. The co-operative movement spread very rapidly, until to-day there are more than one hundred such stores throughout this country, owned by the people locally, but mainly drawing their supplies from the parent institution. The first year's sales amounted to $1,230,700. It was incor- Z. C. M I. 35 porated in 1870 with a paid up capital of $220,000. In 1805, the period of incorporation having expired, the Institution was re-in- corporated for fifty years with a capital of $1,077,000. This stock is held by some 600 stockholders residing in all parts of the world. The annual sales of Z. C. M. I. from the beginning averaged more than $3,000,000, and are now over $6,000,000. It was the first establishment in the West to lead out into Department business, and to-day is admittedly the handsomest store in this region, covering a floor space of some 255,000 square feet, and up-to-date in every respect. Z. C. M. I. Drug Store is located on the opposite side of the street, nearly one block south of the de- partment store, at Nos. 112-114 South Main street. A shoe factory was es- tablished as early as 1870, and in 1878 a clothing fac- tory for the manufacture of overalls, jumpers and other cotton clothing. It has a capacity of turning out 500 pair of boots and shoes per day, and 100 dozen garments. Z. C. M. I. has prospered from the commencement. It has weathered the storms of three great commercial panics and several business depressions maintained its credit in the chief financial and business circles of the country, aided materially in the upbuilding of a growing State, and stands today in the front rank as a flourishing, progressive and vigorous institution and en- terprise, second to none in the magnificent Empire of the West. Its motto is: “Live and Help to Live.” Hotels The Hotel Utah, a magnificent, thoroughly fire-proof hostelry of 500 rooms, erected at a cost of $2,250,000, and opened in June, 1911. No hotel in America has a more ideal location. Situated im- mediately across the street from the Great Mormon Temple with its splendidly kept grounds, and right in the very heart of the in- teresting and historical spots of the city, and yet in the very cen- ter of the shopping district. The rates for room without bath, $1.50 and $2.00 per day. With bath, $2.00 per day and upwards. Everything in the way of superior service that may be found at the newest and very best hotels of this country — and at sen- sible prices. Under the management of Geo. O. Reif. 37 The Kenyon Hotel is distinguished for its “Heart of the City” location, modern equipment, new furnishings, numerous comfort features and money economy to guests. It is the center of tourist activities and has long enjoyed the reputation of furnishing the maximum of conveniences to the transient and visitor in Salt Lake City. Rates, $1.00 per day and upwards. Cafe Maxim, located on the lower floor of the Kenyon Hotel, is a celebrated restaurant of the West, and offers the best in cuisine and pleasing entertainment at luncheon, dinner and after the theater. When visiting Ogden, Utah, famed for beautiful Ogden Canyon, tourists will find most desirable convenience, comfort, service and safety at the Hotel Marion, the best constructed, best equipped and best furnished hotel in the city of Ogden. Rates $1.00 per day and upwards. 38 The New Semloh is a new modern hotel in the very heart of Salt Lake City, and has special accommodations for commercial men. It is provided with a “Rathskeller/’ seating 600 persons and is located at the corner of State and Second South streets, near all retail business and points of interest. It contains 250 rooms (all outside ones), 180 connecting with baths, and has 20 sample rooms. The hotel cost $450,000, was opened April 15, 1910, and is most beautifully furnished through- out. Excellent music is provided in the “Rathskeller.” The Semloh is near all the theaters and points of interest. From the roof the guests have a fine view of the mountains, Great Salt Lake and the valley. Rates from $1.00 up. Semloh Hotel Co., proprietors. J. C. Wyatt, Pres. & Mgr. Trust Company. 39 Trust Company. One of the most interesting sights of the city is the Safety Deposit Vaults of the Salt Lake Security & Trust Company, 32 Main Street. The ten thousand dollar marble stair- way leads to spacious reception rooms of solid marble, and vaults containing several thousand safety boxes of jiggered copper. The Salt Lake Security & Trust Company has invested up- wards of Fourteen Millions of Dollars of eastern capital in Salt Lake property. Main Street. It pays six per cent o:*i certificates of deposit, secured by first mortgages on the choicest real estate in the city. Its capital and surplus of $ 400 , 000 . 00 , together with twenty-five years successful business experience, makes the Salt Lake Security & Trust Com- pany one of the strongest financial institutions in the West. Visi- tors are cordially invited. The Public Schools of Utah By A. C. Matheson, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Utah has a population of about 375 , 000 . It has 117,632 child- ren of school age, of whom more than 95,000 are enrolled in the public schools. Utah’s illiteracy is only 2.5 per cent. Eighty-six per cent of the State’s tax revenue is used for edu- actional purposes. Districts unable with the funds derived from maximum tax levies to maintain their schools at least twenty-eight weeks during the year and unable to pay each teacher at least $ 525 , receive spe- cial State aid through legislative appropriations. One or two States expend more per capita for adult population for public education, but in Utah especially large expenditures are made in denominational schools. The Mormon church alone ex- pends $ 450,000 annually for the maintenance of its schools, ex- clusive of funds for new buildings. The State higher educational institutions receive a fixed por- tion of the State’s revenue. In Utah local school boards are required to set aside annually from the local school fund a sum equal to fifteen cents for each child of school age in the district, to be expended for school library books which are recommended by the State Board of Education. Almost without exception, the finest structures in Utah com- munities are school buildings. Utah has $8,000,000 invested in public school buildings. There are not more than fifteen typical one-room school houses in the State. The people of Utah for the most part live in compact settle- ments with their farms on the outskirts. Largely for this reason there are practically no rural schools and but few ungraded schools. Of the twenty-seven counties in Utah seven have each con- solidated their smaller school districts into one school district. One other county has consolidated its smaller districts into two large districts. These consolidated districts have boards of edu- cation consisting of five members. The superintendent and super- The Public Schools of Utah. 41 visors are appointed by the district board of education. The coun- ty is the unit for school taxing purposes and for all administrative school work. In these consolidated districts children have prac- tically every school advantage enjoyed by children in city , schools, and they have the additional advantages of country life. Nineteen modern public high school buildings have been erected in Utah during the past four years at a cost varying from $25,000 ter- $600,000 each. South Temple Street, Salt Lake City. Plans and specifications for school buildings must be approved by a State Commission, consisting of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Executive Officer of the State Board of Health, and an architect appointed by the Governor. There are 2,800 teachers in the elementary schools, most of whom are normal school graduates. The teachers in the public schools of Utah come from practically every State in the Union. In the schools of Salt Lake City alone are teachers from thirty States and from England, France and Germany. 42 The Public Schools of Utah. The minimum requirements to teach in the elementary schools are a four-year high school education and additional credits in pedagogy, psychology and the history of education. These cre- dentials simply render an applicant eligible to enter the examina- tion for a teaching certificate. To be eligible to teach in the high schools of the State a per- son must be a college graduate or a teacher with equivalent scholarship. By provisions of law the State University is required to furnish instructors for county teachers’ institutes. The governing- board for these institutes consists of the State Superintendent, the Principal of the State Normal School, and each respective County Superintendent. The development of high schools in Utah during the last five years has been greater in proportion to population than in any other State of the Union. During the last ten years the number of public high schools has increased from five to forty; the enrollment and attendance have increased 600 per cent. Utah is one of the few States which give a fixed portion of the State’s revenue for high school purposes. The State Board of Education prescribes the course of study for the high schools and also appoints a State High School In- spector, who devotes all his time to these schools. Practically all high schools have gymnasiums as well as li- braries. Outside of cities oi the first and second class and of mining districts, high schools are required to offer courses in agriculture. To be eligible to participate in the benefits of the State high school fund a high school must provide adequate equipment for the courses which it offers. Last year the high schools participating in the high school fund received $17.10 for each student in attendance at least twenty weeks. Utah has free text book; for its children; uniform examina- tions for its eighth grade pupils and also for its teachers. Agriculture is a required subject in the eighth grade of the elementary schools. Twenty-five municipal libraries have recently been established. “To-day one little county in Utah has in the world’s arena Climatic Features of Utah. 43 some of the best artists, sculptors, singers and instrumentalists in America, more, probably, than any State of ten times its popu- lation. In Boston alone last year a Utahn won the highest prize for sculpture, musical composition and on the violin. One of the prizes of the National Federation of Musical Clubs goes to a Utahn.” — Boston Journal of Education, January, 1913.) CLIMATIC FEATURES OF UTAH. By Alfred H. Thiessen, Director U. S. Weather Bureau. Of all living creatures, man is the most capable of living under conditions of wide ranges of temperature. In Utah the temperatures are favorable for health, the mean being about 48 degrees. Too warm a cli- mate weakens the race both mentally and physically; while a very cold climate consumes the energies in keeping up the bodily func- tions. The effects of a moderate- ly high altitude on man seem to be so involved with the effects of other climatic ele- ments that it is difficult to determine just what they real- ly are. In general it may be said that moderately high altitudes, say from 2,000 to 7,000 feet, have an invigor- ating influence, due probably to the greater ease with which oxygen is absorbed. The highland people attain a vigor and strength seldom seen with lowland peoi !e. Studies regarding the effect of moisture on health show that relatively dry air is much more favorable than moist air. Very moist air, particularly if accompanied by great heat, is unhealthful; whereas, on the other hand, very dry air causes nervous disorders. In Utah the humidity may be said to be moderately dry. The lowest humidity occurs in summers, when it mitigates the effect of the warm weather; and the highest humidity occurs in winter, when it is more endurable. The general low humidity is beneficial in Launches on Provo River 44 Climatic Features of Utah. summer, because the dry air causes rapid evaporation from the body, thus cooling it: dry air is advantageous in winter, because a damp atmosphere penetrates the clothing, making it a good con- ductor and therefore less efficient in conserving the natural heat of the body. While wind is often destructive, it serves a very important purpose in mixing gases, keeping them in correct proportions, and in effecting ventilation. The importance of having thorough ven- tilation is shown in various health studies, in the attendance fall-off during a calm at school, and in the increase of the sick lists at po- lice headquarters and hospitals. There is also an effect of climate that can not be so exactly gauged as the effect on health and human activities, and that is the spirtual or mind effect. The freedom of the mountaineer is pro- verbial. He has a freedom, not only from the ills of the body, but a freedom of thought, a love of liberty, that he has imbibed from the free air of the mountains. The various stations in Utah where weather data are accumu- lated arc situated, for the most part, at elevations varying from 4,800 to 6,000 feet. It is difficult, owing to the scarcity of settlers, to obtain data at higher elevations. The mean annual temperature of Utah within these limits is about 48 degrees; since 1890 the mean annual temperature varied from 46.5 degrees in 1S94 to 49.9 degrees in 1901 and 1910. The local annual temperatures ranged, on the average, from 39.3 degrees at Woodruff to 59 degrees at St. George; while the mean annual temperature of Salt Lake City, the capital and prin- cipal city, is 52 degrees. The warmest month is July and the coldest January. The mean January temperature for the State is about 26 degrees, and the mean July temperature is 68.6 degrees. Temperatures as low as 50 degrees below zero have been recorded, but are rare; indeed, temperatures below zero at Salt Lake City are more tlie exception than the rule. In summer, temperatures over 100 degrees have been frequently recorded in the warmer portions of the State, but the mean maximum temperature for Salt Lake City is about 88 degrees. The state of one's feelings depends, as far as the weather is concerned, upon three factors — temperature, moisture, and move- ment, and a variation of any one of these will make one more or Climatic Features of Utah. 45 less uncomfortable: or a variation in two of these elements may not cause any discomfort whatever. The summer temperatures in Utah occur at a time of low humidity, which renders them less severe on the human system than were the same temperatures ex- perienced in more humid climates. Utah is usually considered a dry State; but the winter snows are stored in the mountains and melt slowly through the spring and summer, supplying the irrigating ditches with water; thus crops are grown here as in States having heavier rainfall. The precipitation for the State as a whole averages about 12.50 inches, and ranges locally from 5.34 inches at Green river to 24.63 inches at Ranch. The yearly rainfall at Salt Lake City is about 16 inches. The wettest seasons are winter and spring; the others are compara- tively dry. The particular cli- matic temperature ele- ment of Salt Lake City which gives it prestige is its low temperature variability. As a rule, it is not the existing tern perature which causes so much discom- fort as the sudden changes from day to day. The daily changes in Salt Lake City are smaller than any other Pine Crest, Emigration Canyon, important inland city of this country having the same latitude. In short, there are united in Utah the more agreeable climatic elements; a delightful change is offered by the march of the sea- sons, the altitude is moderate, the air bracing, and even the warm weather of summer is not enervating. Electric cars make regular trips “Over the old Mormon Trail,” . during the summer months, via. Emigration Canyon Railroad. Agriculture Utah’s agriculture will ultimately be among the very fore- most. In the utilization of our rich acres we have just begun to see the possibilities. Our irrigated districts especially offer the ideal in farming. The soil is so rich, and the consequent product so profuse, that men ultimately must cultivate a few acres only. This eliminates seclusion — the bane of the extensive farming of much of the great Mississippi belt and other parts of the coun- try. Such intensive farming as Utah offers holds out the oppor- tunity of a social system not sur- passed in any land. Intensive farming must be scientific farm- ing, which presumes, in course of development, an exceptional- ly high standard of intelligence in the farming community. Granting this it is not a far reach of the imagination to see the valleys of Utah among the choicest garden spots of the world. And the high average intelligence which will be Utah’s even more in the future than in the past, will impart a whole- someness and soundness to the State in every department which will factor largely in a rapid de- velopment of all worthy human institutions. The present irrigated area of Utah is only about one million acres, but with a possible maximum of ten millions of acres when all the waters in the State shall be held back in canals and reservoirs and used in the best way. There are about 2,200 irrigated farms in the State of Utah, averaging 45.5 acres each. The crops grown on the irrigated lands are, in the main, wheat, other grains, lucern, potatoes, sugar beets, small fruits, apples, peaches and other fruits and garden truck. The live stock industry, notably dairying, flour- ishes on the irrigated lands. The income per acre varies with the Dry Farming and Fruit Industry. 47 crop grown, the care given the land and other local conditions. The personal factor is the main one in considering the profitable- ness of irrigation farming. When the crops are wisely chosen and correctly cared for, yields representing $100 to $1,000 per acre are not uncommon. From five to fifteen acres are sufficient to main- tain a family in comfort if the more intensive methods of farming are used. Dry Farming in Utah — Fruit Industry. In November, 1012, there were forty-three thousand acres planted to orchard in Utah. Fifty-six per cent of this area is in apples, twenty-five per cent in peaches, and the remainder in pears, plums, prunes, apricots, and grapes. About eighty per cent of the orchard area is in Utah, Box Elder, Salt Lake, Weber, Davis and Cache counties. Fewer than half of the trees planted are yet in bearing. Wherever Utah fruit has been used, it is known to be of superior quality. Our high altitude, clear skies, and soils rich in lime, potash and phosphates, all favor the pro- duction of fruit of good size, delicious flavor, beautiful color and superior keeping and shipping qualities. We are enforcing our inspection laws more rigorously, learn- A Fertile Valley, ing more about grading and packing and are developing a reputa tion for honest marketing that will be of the highest value to the future of our industry. In a country where the annual rainfall amounts to only ten or fifteen inches it becomes necessary to conserve the moisture if ag- riculture is to thrive. Under farming by irrigation, water is led from the streams through canals, laterals and ditches and spread out upon the fields. The purchaser of a farm buys also certain “waterrights” that entitle him to use so much water weekly. Under the so-called dry or arid farming a crop is grown on a piece of land 48 Mineral Wealth of Utah. in alternate years, or perhaps in two years out of three. During the rest of the time the ground is allowed to lie fallow, and its sur- face is kept free from weeds and well broken up, thus enabling the rain that falls upon it to be stored up in the soil for the use of the next subsequent crop. This accounts for the fact that a person can take up only one hundred and sixty acres of government land on a “homestead entry,” but can obtain three hundred and twenty acres on a “dry farm entry,” for it is not practicable to crop such land every year. The possible dry-farm area of Utah is practically all that which is not occupied by mountains or under irrigation canals, with the exception, perhaps, of some of the more desert districts where the annual rainfall is less than ten inches. Dry-farming is practiced in all parts of the State, on an area approaching one million acres. The chief dry-farm crop is wheat, the average acre-yield of which, for the State, is about twenty bushels. Barley, oats, rye and potatoes are also successful dry-farm crops. Lucern does well on the dry- tarms, especially for seed production. Other crops are rapidly be- ing introduced on the dry-farms, and fruit may be grown in small quantities. It is smaller than that produced under irrigation, but of fine flavor and quality. Crops grown under dry-farming are much more nutritious than are those grown in humid climates, and such crops command, therefore, higher prices. The Mineral Wealth of Utah The Output of Metals By R. H. Bradford Mining is the leading industry of the Bee-Hive State when measured from the standpoint of production. During the past year (1912) according to preliminary figures of the United States Geological Survey our production of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc amounted to $-14,000,000. This is an increase of 19 per cent over the record for the previous year and the largest output in the history of the State. Although copper is the principal metal with a total value of near $25,000,000, the other metals range high in importance in the following order: Silver, $8,100,000; lead, $5,- 600,000; gold, $4,300,000, and zinc, $1,000,000. In comparison with other States of the Union Utah ranks second in silver, third in Mineral Wealth of Utah. 49 lead, fourth in copper, fifth in gold and seventh in zinc produc- tion. Utah has from her earliest mining history stood high in silver, and occasionally, as was the case in 1911, she has led all her sister States in the output of this metal. During 1912 she produced more of the white metal than in 1911, but Nevada, owing to her active cyanide mills, forged ahead and took first place for the year, with Utah a close second. Arizona, Montana and Michi- gan led Utah in copper output, and Idaho and Missouri excelled her in the production of lead. California, Colorado, Nevada and South Dakota were the only States producing more gold. But two Western States show a larger total from the five metals and these two, Arizona and Montana, owe their importance almost wholly to copper. Dividends paid during last year amounted to $9,500,000 or 21 per cent of the gross output. The three most active mining districts are Bingham, Tintic and Park City, but a score of others have materially assisted in bringing up the total output, of metals. In many respects Bingham is to-day certainly the greatest of all known mining camps. No other is so favored with abundance of ore and with such means for rapid mining. In one mine alone she has 166 acres of ground with ore developed over tlie whole area to an average depth of 345 feet. There is said to be safely two hundred million tons of ore developed, so that at the present rate of mining, say 20,000 tons per day, the life of the mine is at last thirty years. With the twenty thousand tons of shipping ore and its associated capping of waste rock, the steam shovels of this mine are moving daily 75 per cent of the greatest amount ever 50 Mineral Wealth of Utah. bandied at the Panama Canal. To mine, transport and treat these ores requires the employment of more than ten thousand men. Many other active mines assist in making the mining industry the most important in the State. Tintic has a greater number of dividend paying mines than any other Utah camp. This district maintains a score of important shippers and her ore deposits are looking better with each suc- ceeding year. Park City has since the early days been ranked among the country’s greatest silver-lead camps, and she still maintains that well established place. To date she has produced metals mar- keted for $ 85 , 000 , 000 , of which $ 35 , 000,000 went as dividends and 550 , 000,000 paid for workmen’s wages. Beaver County mines have shown increased tonnage during 1912 and the ores from Alta, Ophir, Stockton, Santaquin, Ameri- Liberty Park, Salt Lake City. can Fork and many other camps have made possible the State’s advance in mining. Salt Lake City is to-day the greatest smelting center in the United States and therefore in the world. The enormous ore supplies of our mining camps and those from camps in adjoining States are reduced to metal in the mam- moth mills and smelters of Salt Lake Valley. Nowhere else may be seen a concentrating mill treating 12,000 tons of crude ore per twenty-four hours, or a lead smelter passing through its furnaces 2,000 tons of charge per day. The competition for the purchase Electric Service. 51 of suitable ores for the many smelters result in the ore pro- ducers getting very favorable rates for his ores. But mining in Utah is yet in its infancy. What treasures are stored up in our mountains has scarcely begun to be known. Recent developments in many camps have revealed phenomenal ore bodies, and the future of mining in the State never offered greater promise. Electric Service Salt Lake City is well abreast of other cities of its size in the matter of electric service in the various forms to which electricity is now applied. These consist of street, commercial and residence lighting; motor power for the operation of smelters, mills and fac- tories of various kinds, for electric elevator service, and for street railway system. The service is furnished by the Utah Light & Railway Co., which generates the electric energy chiefly from wa- ter power plants, located on various mountain streams emptying into the valleys of the Great Basin. One of its principal plants de- rives its power from the Ogden river in Weber county, and two others from the Big Cottonwood Creek in Salt Lake county. In addition to these it has recently completed a 5,500 h. p. water pow- er plant on the Weber river at Devil’s Gate, and a steam generat- ing plant on the Jordan river on the west boundary of Salt Lake City, capable of generating 22,000 horse-power. This steam plant is used for emergency service, and contains the largest and most up-to-date steam turbine unit west of the Missis- sippi river. This company also purchases the entire output of the electrical plant of the Utah Power & Light Co., situated on the Bear river in Box Elder county, and a considerable amount of power is purchased from the Utah Power and Light Company, at Salt Lake City, whose generating stations are located on the Provo river in Utah county, the Logan river in Cacha county, and the Bear river in Idaho. The Utah Light and Railway Company thus controls a generating capacity aggregating 30,000 horse-power The cities of Salt Lake, Ogden, Bountiful, Woods Cross and Sandy are supplied by the same company. The high voltage circuits under its control direct arc 15S miles in length, including a new 52 Electric Service. steel tower transmission line between Salt Lake and Ogden, in place of the old wooden pole line. Its distributing lines, includ- ing Ogden, Salt Lake City, and smaller cities on its circuits, serve a population of 150,000. The Railway system is owned and operated by the Utah Light & Railway Company also, and covers the entire city of Salt Lake, extending from the Superior Addition on the north to the cities of Sandy and Midvale on the south, with lines to Fort Douglas, Sugar Precinct, Forest Dale, Holliday, mouth of Big Cottonwood Canyon and other suburbs. Since the control of the company was acquired by the E. H. Harriman interests about seven years ago, approximately $6,000,000 nave been spent in reconstructing the entire system, and no expense has been 1 spared to make Salt Lake’s street rail- way and electric lighting and power system sec- ond to none. The most notable improvements are the reconstruction and extension of the street car tracks, the substitution of commodious cars of modern type for the old dilapidated ones formerly used, the placing of the distribution system under ground in the streets of the commercial district, the use of the modern luminous arcs for the steet lighting in place of the older and less effi- cient, type of lamp, the installation of a storage battery on the electric elevator system, and the construction of two generating plants already noted, with a sub-station for the Sandy, Midvale, Bountiful and Hoiliday extensions. The officers of the Company have planned numerous other im- provements, and have shown their abiding faith in Salt Lake City by authorizing the expenditure of the necessary money to complete many of these during the coming year. Sugar Industry The beet sugar industry of Utah, is the most important and largest manufacturing interest of the State. It has been in opera- tion 24 years, commencing with an output of 550 tons of the re- fined product, and has grown to a production of 58,000 tons. There are seven large factories in the State of Utah. About 19% of this refined sugar is consumed locally in Utah and adjoining states; the balance is shipped to points on the Missouri River and as far east as Chicago. The last factory to be built in Utah was at Pay- son, in Utah County, and it had its initial run in the fall of 1913. The offices of the Utah- Idaho Sugar Company, are located in the Vermont Building, Salt Lake City, with Joseph F. Smith as President; Thomas R. Cut- ler, Vice-President and General Manager; Horace G. Whitney, Secretary and Treasurer; Walter T. Pyp- er, Assistant Secretary and Treasurer, and Richard W. Young, Attorney. Its fac- tories &re located at Lehi, Garland, Payson and Elsi- nore, Sevier County, with cutting stations at Provo and Spanish Fork. These cutting stations are quite unique in the history of beet sugar in the United States. Prom such stations the best juice is pumped to the Lehi plant, the extreme distance being 30 miles. The Amalgamated Sugar Company’s offices are located at Ogden City, and its factories at Ogden, Logan and Lewiston. The beets for all these factories are grown principally by the farmers, of whom about 6,000 contract yearly with the said com- panies. The harvest commences the latter part of September, and Main Street, Salt Lake City. 54 the factories are in operation from that date until sometime in January, after which, and during the interim between seasons, a large force of men are kept busy cleaning up, repairing and getting the factories ready for operation the following year. The Great Salt Lake From “The Great Salt Lake” by James E. Talmage, Ph. D. Though generally designated by the adjective “Great,” the Salt Lake is but a shrunken remnant of a vastly larger water body which once existed, of a veritable inland sea, completely filling the valley in the lowest portion of which the modern lake rests, and extending beyond the northern and western boundaries of the present State of Utah. To this ancient sea the name “Lake Bonneville” has been applied. Its present dimensions have been recorded as follows: Aver- age length, 75 miles; greatest width, 50 miles; extent of surface, 2,135 square miles. Rising from the w^ater surface are precipitous islands, appear- ing in their true character of mountain peaks and ranges, the lower part of their masses being submerged. Of these water-girt mountain bodies, Antelope and Stansbury islands are the largest; and the others are Carrington, Fremont, Gunnison, Dolphin, Mud and Hat or Egg islands, and Strong’s Knob. The islands appear as continuations ef the mountain ranges which diversify the con- tiguous land area, and an examination of their structure confirms this inference. At present, communication between mainland and island is affected by boat; though at low water periods, Antelope and Stansbury islands have been accessible by fording. Limited areas of the larger island are under cultivation, and the regions have long been utilized as pasture lands. Some discoveries of mineral- ized deposits have been reported from the lake-washed mountains, but thus far no profitable mining for metals has been accom- plished. The tiny hill whose summit rises from the briny waters as a rock knoll, known as Hat or Egg island, is the principal rookery of the feathered frequenters of the lake. There congregate during breeding season thousands of pelicans and gulls, and when they depart they are accompanied by the new generation of their kind, The Great Salt Lake. 55 in uncounted numbers. A visit to this isle of nests at the proper time reveals the spectacle of great flocks of half-fledged pelicans awaiting the arrival of their fisher-parents, or ravenously devour- ing the scaly contents of the parental pouches. The fish thus sup- plied are caught by the old birds at the mouths of the fresh water streams which feed the lake reservoir. The peculiar advantages and attractions of the Great Salt Lake for bathing purposes were known to the earliest white ex- Saltair Pavilion. plorers; and even prior to their visits, the Indians, who are not famous for their love of ablutions, had discovered the difference between a dip in fresh water and a bath in this natural brine. The aborigines who dwelt near the shores of Utah lake forty miles to the south, specifically known as the Timpanogotzic, informed Padre Escalante of the strange properties of the water. The Padre writes: “The other lake with which this one communicates is, as they informed us, many leagues in extent; and its waters are noxious and extremely salt, so that the Timpanogotzic asserted to us that when any one rubbed a part of the body with it he would feel an itching sensation in the moistened part.” Salt Lake brine is among the most concentrated and therefore 56 Saltair. the deepest of natural waters; indeed, it is surpassed in point of density by but one large water body— the Dead Sea. The Salt Lake water is extremely buoyant, and this fact the bather soon demonstrates to his fullest satisfaction. It is a physical impossibility for the human body to remain submerged, and the skillful swimmer may float without effort, rather upon than in the brine. Saltair. A sight for the traveler who visits the city of Salt Lake is the Pavilion, located at Saltair Beach, on the Great Salt Lake. This wonderful building is a monumental testimony of the enterprising energy of Utah citizens and Utah capital. It is situated 16 miles due west from Salt Lake City, and is reached by a thirty-minute ride on the Salt Lake & Los Angeles Railway, which is especially equipped for the transportation of the immense crowds that pat- ronize the resort every day during the season. The various buildings of the Pavilion form a symmetrical group, with a large central structure connected with long, taper- ing piers at each end, curving toward the lake and surmounted by large, airy observatories. The architecture is after the Moor- ish style, and the general effect is as beautiful as the structure is serviceable and substantial. This magnificent Pavilion was built at a cost of over $350,000 and was opened to the public July Fourth, 1893. The magnitude of this structure can be appreciated only when one has had the pleasure of seeing it. In length it is 1,200 feet, while the extreme width is 355 feet. The top of the main tower is 130 feet above the surface of the water. The lower floor, used principally for an immense lunch and refreshment bowery, is pro- vided with large tables and seats enough to accommodate over a thousand people at a time. The upper floor of the main building is used for dancing, and is one of the largest dancing floors in the world, its dimensions being 140x250 feet of clear floor, without a pillar or obstruction of any kind. A thousand couples dancing at one time is a frequent sight to be seen at this resort. The dancing floor is covered with a dome-shaped roof constructed after the plan of the famed Salt Lake City Tabernacle. The bath- ing at this wonderful resort is the best, most exhilarating, and most healthful in the world, and may be enjoyed between May and October to its fullest extent. Attractions, Resources, Industries Utah has more than twenty thousand farms, comprising 3,397,- 699 acres, having a total value of over $150,000,000. Farm products in 1912 amounted to $30,000,000. The wool clip in 1912 was 18,908,263 pounds. The beet sugar output was 98,S00,000 pounds. The annual hay crop is over 1,000,000 tons. The potato yield in 1912 was 3,515,000 bushels. Upwards of 6,000,000 bushels of wheat, 4,000,000 bushels of oats, 1,125,000 bushels of barley and 270,000 bushels of corn are produced annually in Utah. The value ©f live stock in 1912 was $36,000,000; the product was $22,000,000. The value of the metal output in 1912 was over $44,414,000. Manufactures yield $75,000,000 annually, exclusive of smelter products and cost of raw material. The State has 30,000,000 acres of unappropriated and unre- served land, a large part of which could be profitably tilled. It has 194,458,000,000 tons of coal, and 500,000 brake h. p. water power, only one-tenth of which is at present utilized. There are 600,000,000 tons of iron ore in Utah. The coal output in 1912 was 3,088,356 tons. There is merchantable timber to the extent of eight to ten billion board feet of timber, and more than ten million cords of cedar, pinyon pine and aspen, seven million cords of the latter excellently fit for the manu- facture of paper pulp. There are hydro-carbons of un- known extent, natural as- phalt, ozokerite, elaterite and many rare minerals. The value of the gilsonite deposits alone is estimated at $7,000,000,000 and the salt deposits of the Great Ameri- can desert appear sufficient to give it a very important place among the resources of Utah. There is building stone in abundance — sandstone, limestone, marble, onyx, slate; there are brick and fire and potter’s clays of excellent quality; plaster, silicia and alum. Eagle Gate. 58 Dates in Utah History. Unrivaled in climate, pure air, cool mountain resorts, fine fish- ing, mineral springs, the Great Salt Lake, a wonderful flora, wild song birds in great variety, big game, infinite variety of landscape, mountains, valley, plateau, forest, lake, river and desert. Prehistoric remains, unique geological formations, rare gems and minerals, natural bridges and other scenic wonders. Good roads, big railway systems, great farming and grazing- enterprises, mammoth mining enterprises, river and lake transpor- tation, extensive manufactories. Dates in UtahpHistory Utah was explored by two Franciscan monks, Escalante and Dominguez, in 1776. The Wasatch mountains and the Great Salt Lake were de- scribed in detail by John C. Fremont in 1843. From 1824 to 1847, Utah and the mountain defiles were ren- dezvous for the trappers in the employ of the Hudson Bay Com- pany and the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. The first permanent settlement was made in the valley of the Great Salt Lake by a band of “Mormon” pioneers, July 24, 1847. Salt Lake City was laid out and named in August, 1847. The following spring gulls saved the crops by destroying the crickets. The University of Utah was founded in March, 1850. Utah Territory was organized in 1850. The first newspaper (Deseret News), was published June, 1850. The first public library was established in Utah in 1851. The first public school law was passed in 1852. Brigham Young was the first Governor and Indian Agent of Utah, serving in the former office from 1850 to 1857. The hand-cart immigration began in 1856 and lasted until 1861. The Overland Stage Mail was established by B. Holiday in 1858. The Pony Express was started between the Missouri river and Salt Lake City in 1862. Gen’l Conner opened the Bingham gold and silver mines in 1862. The Overland Telegraph completed to Salt Lake City in 1862. The Great Tabernacle in Salt Lake City was built in 1865. The Brigham Young monument was unveiled in July, 1S97. The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869. In January, 1896, Utah was admitted as the forty-fifth State. JU UUL1 • /_!□□□□ Jl II H II— 11 □□□□c □□□□Q Income n i — i xn r — pn n ir JnnonQQonnnc ] □ □ □ 3 fflJQ vJfkinuun □□□□□□[; J CH Qn'n |~j |— j — innnnnnnnnnr i nrinrin tti e luuuuyyuuuuL J £ I I LJ LJ E£l lailtEmgzimianaDdmDqmc jlSoguounHOPDmnp TmmgmmoBnagnmmm ]|QnopnQoopgannn JuQitjiQQ S □□ ^3 dl CZI CZH CZ3 IZZi JDOO ! Q^ !i £[ 1 ®“ 0 3 D = [JCHZ 1 =d isogigompppgooQO imQpmmon □□□□□□ WEST 7 th SOUTH EAST 7* SOUTH :□□□□□□□□ gnmem ] gOO DODD QD □ □ t?D g □ DO BO □ \WEST 9t» SOUTH FAST 9 15 South LjU rin ^WEST 9" SOUTH “□□on M _ ApOQ 'Bpm DD IL r =<< — □ X □ 21 r~ in « jdfl g D = 5| nn Temple Block Hotel Utah Presiding Bishops Office Deseret Gymnasium Lion a Beehive Houses Cagle Gate Grave of Brigham \oung Catholic Cathedral LD. 5. Hospital Alta Club Public Library Salt Lake Theatre l-C.HU. Peseret News Building 0 5 L. Depot D&R-G. Depot Y M. C.A. Semlofi Hotel 19* Kenyon Hofei 10' City ic County Building Zt Liberty Park 2Z Federal Building (Posf Office) Plat of Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City “There is no Rocky Mountain community that shows more growth and vigor than Salt Lake City. The streets laid out by the early Mormons are broad and straight, and the modern buildings that are now going* up will help to make the coming city one of the foremost in the entire West The streets are filled with crowds of busy shoppers and active business men. This city, in the heart of what was, a generation ago, the Great American Desert., is now Wasatch Range, in Winter. the common pride of Mormon and Gentile. It is a monument, which will be enduring, to the spirit of the Far West and the wis- dom of the Pioneers.” — Collier’s, March 11, 1911. The street nomenclature, at first bewildering, becomes plain when one understands the plan. The center of the city is Temple Square. The streets enclosing this square are North Temple, West Temple, South Temple and East Temple streets. The streets to the north of North Temple street are First North, Second North, etc.; those to the west of West Temple street are First West, Sec- ond West, etc.; those to the South of South Temple street are First South, Second South, etc.; those to the east of East Temple street are First East, Second East, etc. A few of the streets have other names: East Temple street, for example, is Main street; First East street is State street, and Third South street has recent- ly come to be known as Broadway. Each block is one-eighth of a mile long and contains one hundred street numbers. The be- ginning point for numbering is the southeast corner of Temple Square. The street address fixes a location with almost mathe- matical accuracy. 250 South Fourth East street, for example, is half way between Second and Third South streets, on Fourth East Salt Lake City. ei street. The blocks in the northeastern part of the city are smaller than the others and the streets there are somewliat differently named. Those running east and west are avenues, First avenue (the first street north of South Temple street running east and west), Second avenue, Third avenue, etc. The streets running north and south beginning with the street east of State street ( First East street) are alphabetically named. A street, B street, etc. Each block in this part of the city contains only fifty numbers. In the northwestern oart of the city are practically the only crooked streets in the city and these have such suggestive names as Peach, Apple, Quince and Pear streets. In the. main the city is rectangu- lar in plan. State street is said to be the longest straight street in the country. South Temple Street, Looking East. The population of Salt Lake City, including its suburbs, is 119,- 966. The 1910 government census of the city proper gives the population as 92,777. The 1900 census gave it as 53,531. The average elevation of the city is 4,3G0 feet above sea level. The center of the business district is about 4,500 feet. Salt Lake is 920 miles from San Francisco, 786 miles from Los Angeles, 745 miles from Denver, 1,529 miles from Chicago, and 2,500 miles from New York. According to the observations of the local weather bureau, covering a period of 35 years, the spring temperature averages from 41.4 to 58 3 degrees Fahrenheit, the summer from 68.3 to 75.5, 62 Salt Lake City. the autumn from 65.1 to 41.4, and the winter from 28.8 to 32.9 degrees. The total length of Salt Lake City streets is 478 miles. The standard width of a Salt Lake street is 132 feet. A standard square contains ten acres. Salt Lake has six great railroad lines, the Oregon Short Line, the Denver & Rio Grande, the Union Pacific, the Western Pacific, the Southern Pacific and the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake. It is the junction point of four of these lines. In addition it has the Salt Lake & Ogden interurban, the Salt- air Beach line and the Emigration Canyon electric road. Another interurban line recent- ly completed connects the city with the fertile Utah Valley on the south. Salt Lake City in- vests $2,000,000 a year in dwelling houses. These are built mainly by owners and not for speculation. Barring only Washington, D. C., Salt Lake City has the widest and best streets in the United States; in beauty of location, health- fulness of climate and purity of water ‘ upply, it is the first, barring none. Draw a circle with a radius of three hundred miles with Salt Lake City as the center and you will have Salt Lake’s tributary domain. This circle will take in all of Utah, most of Idaho, the eastern portion of Nevada, the northern portion of Arizona, the western portion of Colorado and the western portion of Wyoming. This area is equal to that of the British Isles and Germany com- bined, one-third larger than all Scandinavia and equal to the com- bined area of the New England States and other Atlantic sea- board States north of South Carolina. If England, Ireland, Scot- land, France, Italy, Norway and Sweden were torn from their foun- dations and transferred to this domain, they would fail to cover it toy fifteen thousand square miles. Sixth East Street, Salt Lake City. Information for Tourists Going East or West via the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad or Western Pacific Railway Every ride through mountains and deserts in the Great West is a new ride. The Western Pacific Railway, youngest of the Western transcontinental lines, launches boldly westward from Salt Lake City. Significant of that indomitable spirit by which it con- quers the Great Basin, that toiled Fremont and Carson at the very outset, it hauls its coaches and Pullmans across the south end of Great Salt Lake on a solid fill, affording a fine view of the lake with its island dotted waters; into the land where the most marvelous mirages hover in the air; the solitudes of Nevada, with all its odds and ends of creation in curious confusion; the beautiful Canon of the Feather river, the most majestic of the Sierras, and finally through the vine-clad hills and orchards of California and on to San Francisco and the Golden Gate. Shortly after leaving Salt Lake City, the east-bound traveler over the Denver & Rio Grande railroad is skirting the shores of Utah Lake, and near to Lehi may be seen the plant of the Lehi Sugar Company. Provo, the county seat of Utah county, has a population of about 9,000 and also boasts the largest woolen mills west of the Mississippi river. A branch line from this point ex- tends through Provo Canon to Heber City. Castle Gate, 66 miles from Provo, has scenery very similar to the gateway to the Garden of the Gods. Two huge pillars, off- shoots from the cliffs, rise on either side of the track to a height of 500 feet Green river is a veritable oasis in the desert. The river from which the town derives its name is a majestic and navigable stream, which has its confluence with the Grand some 90 miles below, where they form the Colorado river. Tourists are recommended to avail themselves of this restful resort, located on the D. & R. G. and Colorado Midland Ry., liberal stop-overs being allowed on all tickets. At Grand Junction, the metropolis of the Western Slope of Colorado, passengers have the choice of two routes across the Rocky Mountains, one via Glenwood Springs and the other via 64 Going East, Hotel Colorado. Montrose, Black Canon of the Gunnison and Marshall Pass. Glenwood Springs, 90 miles east from Grand Junction, is one of the noted pleasure and watering places of the West. Remarkable hot sulphur springs have been modernized with extensive bathing pavilions and swimming pools, and a modern resort hotel. The Hotel Colorado, affords excellent accommodations for the traveler. It is located in a magnificent park and guests have the advantage of the great swimming pool and natural vapor baths. It is well equipped, having 250 rooms and 100 private baths. Bathing, fishing, hunting, golf, tennis, polo and excursions into the beautiful country around about, combine to make Glenwood, during the season, a rendezvous for fashion, gaiety and health. Immediately after leaving Glenwood Springs the train is whisked into the beautiful Canon of the Grand, famed for its fantastic, kaleidoscopic walls, rising to 2,500 feet above the tracks. The Canon of the Grand is succeeded by still another, the Eagle River Canon. Here the traveler gets an excellent car-window im- pression of the daring feats men will accomplish in delving for gold. At the head waters of the Eagle river is Tennessee Pass, the conti- nental divide, on the eastern slope of which rises the Arkansas river. The train now follows the Arkansas river through Brown’s Canon into Salida, where trains from the Marshall Pass line con- 65 Going East, Colorado Springs. nect with the main line, and then enters the remarkable Grand Canon of the Arkansas, midway in which is located the stupendous Royal Gorge. At this point the walls are but ten yards apart and the sheer granite walls rise 2,627 feet above the tracks, which are built out over the rushing Arkansas by means of a hanging bridge, suspended by great beams from the granite walls. Royal Gorge. As the train emerges from this mighty canon the orchard town of Canon City spreads out and the train continues on to Pueblo, Colorado Springs, Palmer Lake and Denver, the eastern terminus of the Denver & Rio Grande. Colorado Springs. — This pleasure resort and residence city of Colorado lies at the base of Pike’s Peak, at an elevation of 5,992 feet. Surrounded as it is by the different points of interest of the great Pike’s Peak region, it becomes the headquarters for the tour- ists in visiting this famous locality, and offers to him the fullest fa- cilities. The electric lines equipped with the most modern and luxurious coaches, connect all parts of the city. Pleasant drives are easily made to Manitou, the Garden of the Gods, Glen Eyrie, Cliff Dwellers’ Canon, Manitou Temple Drive, up Williams Canon to the Cave of the Winds, Palmer Park, Monument Park, Bear Creek 66 Going East, Alamo Hotel. Canon and the High Drive, South Cheyenne Canon and the Sev- en Falls. The roads leading to these various places are excep- tionally fine and conveyances of all kinds at reasonable prices await the tourist. The Alamo, at Colorado Springs, is a strictly first-class hotel on the modified European plan. It contains 150 rooms, including 50 elegant suites with private baths. The new and magnificent fire- proof addition is thoroughly modern and elegantly furnished throughout, with running hot and cold water and local and long dis- tance telephones in every room. The table and service is unsur- passed in the West. Rates $1.00 per day and up. The Alamo is operated by the Alamo Hotel Company, Geo. S. Elstun, president. Colorado is full of scenic attractions. Among them is Pike’s Peak and the Manitou & Pike’s Peak Railway (Cog Wheel Route), Top of Pike’s Peak. and of the many thousands of strangers who visit the State every year, rarely one fails to make the novel ascent to the summit of the mountain that is fittingly termed the “Monument of the Conti- nent.” Going East, One-Day Trip. 67 In nine miles of peculiarly interesting travel an elevation of 14,147 feet is gained; and a view comprising more scenery to the square mile than is visible from any other vantage point in the world is the reward. The time required for the round trip, including ample time on the Summit, is less than four hours, and the trip is made in comfort, and absolute safety. Descriptive folders and booklets, giving more detailed informa- tion will be furnished on application at the Bureau of Information, Temple Block, Salt Lake City, or writing to C. W. Sells, President and Manager, Manitou, Colo. The One Day Trip That Bankrupts the English Language.” In Colorado there is a standard gauge railroad connecting the tourist center of Colorado Springs with the World's Greatest Gold Mining Camp, the Cripple Creek District, which for grandeur of scenery and marvelous engineering achievements excels anything in this country or Europe. It is the F. & C. C. R.R., better known as the “Cripple Creek Short Line,” opened for traffic in 1901, since which time its fame as a line of unparalleled scenic attraction has spread to all parts of the world. The air line from Colorado Springs to Cripple Creek is 19 miles, but this famous railroad, in its ascent of the mountains. 68 Going East, Four-Hour Trio. twisting and turning around the edges and over the tops of gorg- eous canons, traverses a distance of 51 miles, and from start to finish presents a continuous panorama of stupendous and bewilder- ing mountain and canon scenery which baffles all description. It was a well known writer who, after exhausting his entire vocabulary of adjectives before reaching the awe-inspiring Point Sublime, six miles out, declared in desperation that it was “the one-day trip that bankrupts the English language.” It is universally pronounced the feature of a western tour, and no traveler would think of passing through Colorado without mak- ing the side trip to Cripple Creek over this wonderful railroad, in- cluding an inspection of some of the greatest gold mines in the world, on electric trolley cars. The time consumed in making this trip is three hours in each direction. The regular round trip rate for this trip is $5.00, but a low one- day excursion rate is made throughout the year. For picture souvenir write F. C. Matthews, G. P. A., Colorado Springs, Colo. The Four Hour Trip The World’s Most Wonderful Scenic Mountain Auto Trip In close proximity to Colorado Springs and Manitou, at an elevation of nearly 9,000 feet above sea level, just at the base of Cameron’s Cone, lies beautiful Crystal Park of over 1,000 acres, studded with open groves of pine, spruce and quaking aspen and wild flowers of many varieties in the greatest profusion. It was there where the late Hon. John Hay, Secretary of State under Mc- Kinley, in a log cabin, wrote his Life of Lincoln. The Park derives its name from the many beautiful crystals to be found there. To make possible this wonderful mountain thirty-mile scenic drive, there has been constructed at great expense a safe private auto road of very easy grade, the greater portion of which has been carved out of the solid granite rock and is as smooth a highway as you will find wherever your travels may lead, and has been pro- nounced one of the engineering marvels of the age. With every turn of this winding mountain auto road there is unfolded to your vision one grand nature painting after another, Going East, Denver. 69 together with a panorama view of the entire region, and at Inspira- tion Point the view of Pike’s Peak is beyond description, and then, as the car climbs to a still higher elevation, and reaches Point Su- blime you have unfolded to your raptured gaze, Cheyenne Mountain, and away beyond to the south, with an immense sweep of the Plains to the eastward and through Ute Pass to the north can be seen the Buffalo Peaks and beyond on the sky line, Gray’s Peak, one hun- dred and twenty-five miles away. Many world-wide travelers have said that a tour of Colorado was absolutely incomplete without taking the Crystal Park Auto Trip, which is so different from any other that it stands in a Crystal Park. class by itself, and a well known traveler who has circled the globe six times, said that it was the finest trip he had ever taken, and the grandest views ever seen. For further information address: The Crystal Park Auto Road Company, Colorado Springs, Colo. Denver, Colorado. — Denver, the “Queen City of the Plains,” is the capital of the State of Colorado. Its population is 213,381. It is the geographical, railroad, financial, commercial, political and social center of Colorado. Denver’s industries embrace manufacturing of bicycles, fire brick, stoves, car wheels, pottery, lead pipe, boots and shoes, crackers, oveialls, paper, soap, pickles, 70 Going East, Oxford Hotel. brooms, wagons ; carriages and street cars, onyx roofing, chemicals, fibre cotton mills, breweries, foundaries, iron and machinery works, packing companies, tannery, three large smelters, etc. Denver has public buildings, cathedrals, churches, and schools unsurpassed in any Eastern cities double its age. It is a city of brick and stone, justly celebrated for its beau- tiful homes. Its altitude of 5,170 feet makes the climate most in- \ igorating. The first thing that catches the tired traveler’s eye coming out of Denver’s Union Depot is the famous “Welcome Arch,” and just through it the splendid Oxford Hotel, with its new fireproof annex, just half a block away, yet remarkably free from noise and dirt. You have no cab, taxi-cab or street car fares to pay, and your baggage is transferred very quickly without charge by the Oxford’s porters. Comfort without Extravagance in the spacious public lob- bies, rest rooms, etc., quiet and scrupulously clean bed rooms and parlors, beautifully furnished, at rates from $1.00 per day and up, and three splendid cafes serve the best of food at popular prices. The Oxford is generally conceded to be the largest and finest popu- lar-priced hotel in Denver, absolutely fire safe, and is owned and managed by the Hamilton-Brooks Company. Information for Tourists Going West via The Salt Lake Route Boarding the Los Angeles Limited, the train de luxe of the Salt Lake Route, or the superb new Pacific Limited, one may leave Salt Lake City to-day and reach the heart of Southern California to-morrow. The Salt Lake Route is comparatively a new line. On May 1st, 1905, the company operated its first passenger train, dip- ping 500 miles from the rail distance Detween the Inter-mountain region and Southern California, and opening thousands of acres of choice fruit and farm land for settlement. Supplementing the main line to California, branches penetrate the most fertile valleys of Utah and serve the great mining camps of that State and Nevada. Leaving Salt Lake City, the main line skirts the shore of Great Salt Lake, passes the famous smelter village of Garfield and pro- ceeds into Tooele Valley, whose chief town, Tooele, is the site of one of the largest smelters in the West. Thence the tracks ascend steadily until, at Boulder, an elevation of 6,060 feet is attained; this is the highest point on the Salt Lake Route. Descending gradu- ally, the line passes Tintic, where some of the richest gold, silver and copper mines in the State are located. Beyond this, mining gives way to agriculture. Utah’s great cen- tral plateau is reached; the broad sage brush plains are already bear- ing out the predictions of Brigham Young who declared that they would one day become the granary of Utah. The Sevier river, har- nessed with dams and canals, irrigates this region and the pros- perous towns of Lynndyl, Delta and Oasis give proof of its fer- tility. Two hundred and seven miles from Salt Lake City lies Milford, an important mining and live stock center. A branch line extends to the mining camps of Frisco and Newhouse, while stages connect for Minersville and Beaver. In the vicinity of Milford 200,000 sheep are sheared annually and a quarter of a million acres of dry farm land have been thrown open for entry. The next station worthy of note is Lund, the nucleus of a productive district, and the shipping point for Cedar City and the oil fields of the Virgin river. Near Beryl lies the town of New Castle, the headquarters of one of Utah’s 72 Going West, Salt Lake Route. most promising irrigation projects. At Moclena, stage connection is made for St. ‘George and good roads lead on to the Grand Canon of Arizona. Crestline, Nev., sits upon the rim of the Great Salt Lake Basin; from that point the tracks descend to Caliente, a division terminal, where Pacific time replaces Mountain time. Now the line winds through the gorges of Meadow Valley, into Rainbow and Palisade Canon; the fantastic formations and beau- tiful coloring continues for many miles. Moapa, Nev., is celebrated for its cantaloupes, which are shipped to the chief markets of the land. The main car shops of the Salt Lake Route are located at Las Vegas; this rapidly growing town is also the terminus of the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad. Jean, Nev., is the railroad station for Yellow Pine mining dis- tricts. From Nipton, Cal., automobile stages run to Searchlight. Crossing the Sierra Madre Mountains through Cajon Pass, the traveler enters a magic land, whol- ly different from the coun- try just traversed. The desert is forgotten in a landscape composed of majestic mountains, or- ange groves and a profusion of semi-tropical flowers. The jour- ney’s end is the city of sunshine, Los Angeles, gracious hostess to thousands of fortunate travelers. The Baltimore Hotel, operated by E. H. Hess and W. J. Colopy, is a new and absolutely fireproof hotel of 254 rooms, completed and furnished in December, 1910. The hotel is constructed of rein- forced concrete on solid cement rock foundation and has every con- venience know to modern times. The rooms are furnished up-to- date and are large, light and airy, arranged single or en suite, with or without private baths. Many modern innovations have been introduced to make a perfectly comfortable and pleasant resting place for the stranger and traveler demanding a modern and strictly first-class hotel at reasonable rates, $1.00 to $3.00 per day. The Going West, Los Angeles. 73 Baltimore occupies an enviable location on the corner of Fifth, near Main, the civic center of Los Angeles. Free auto bus meets all trains. For reservations address Baltimore Hotel Company, Los Angeles, Calif. PERSONALLY CONDUCTED TROLLEY TRIPS. The most popular moderate priced sight-seeing trips on the Pacific Coast are The Old Mission Trolley Trip, The Balloon Route Trolley Trip, and the Triangle Trolley Trip, visiting all points of greatest interest in the section covered, each trip giving a whole day of pleasure and educational sight-seeing for $1.00, and all leaving the Pacific Electric Station, Sixth and Main Streets, at 0:30 a. m. On the Old Mission Trolley Trip the first stop is at San Gab- riel Mission (founded in 1771), where free admission is given, rile Mission of San Gabriel where present interest links with the history of the past. then to Pasadena, where a stop of two hours is made, giving ample time for lunch and a visit to the famous Busch Gardens, Orange Grove Avenue, etc. After lunch the journey is continued through Baldwin’s ranch. The last stop is made at Cawston’s Ostrich Farm, where free admission is given and every feature of this great industry fully explained. The Balloon Route Trolley Trip passes out through beautiful Hollywood. The first stop is at the National Soldiers’ Home. At Santa Monica free admission is given to the Camera Obscura (an exclusive attraction). Moonstone Beach is visited, and then a stop 74 Going West, Los Angeles. for lunch at Redondo Beach. A stop of two hours is made at Venice where free admission is given to the $20,000 Aquarium (finest on the coast) and a free ride on the Race through the Clouds. The last stop is at Ocean Park, where numerous amuse- ment places are seen and enjoyed. The Triangle Trolley Trip traverses a rich agricultural sec- tion to Santa Ana, where a short stop is made, then through the sugar beet district to Huntington Beach, then 30 miles along the sea shore. A stop of two hours is made at Long Beach, the At- lantic City of the Pacific, and here free admission is given to a number of amusement features on the pike. San Pedro (Los Angeles Harbor) and Point Firmin are next visited, and a fine view of the harbor, the $3,000,000 breakwater, and immense shipping- interests is given. The Orange Belt Special, leaving the Salt Lake Depot 8:35 a m. daily, and returning via Southern Pacific, is the best way to see Redlands and Riverside, Rubidoux Mountain and Smiley Heights and the greatest orange growing district in .the world. This is the only personally conducted trip going via one railroad and returning via another. Full information about all sight-seeing trips can be obtained at the Information Bureau, Pacific Electric Station, Sixth and Main streets, or address Personally Conducted Trolley Trips, Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, California. T L 4 Information for Tourists Going West from Ogden via The Southern Pacific Railroad The Southern Pacific is the original route to the Pacific Coast. Since its completion in 1868 this road has not spared expense to keep in advance of the times with its equipment and facilities. Enormous sums have been expended in protecting the line with rock ballast, heavy rails and electric block signals. Double tracks have been laid where the traffic is heavy and by the close of 1914 prac- tically the entire line from Ogden to San Francisco will have its east-bound and west-bound tracks. Leaving Ogden the traveler quickly finds himself “in the midst of many waters, 5 ’ on the bosom of the Great Salt Lake, in a palace car. The completion of the Salt Lake Cut-off, one of the most novel engineering feats, with its trestle thirty-seven miles long spanning this wonderful inland sea, offers the traveler an unique scenic diversion. Continuing westward through the rapidly developing State of Nevada, made possible by scientific irrigation, you pass Cobre and Palisade, where connections are made for the mines of Eastern Nevada. From Hazen, 496 miles from Ogden, branch lines run to the Southwestern Nevada mining camps, Tonopah and Goldfield. Forty-six miles west of Hazen is Reno, the capital and metropolis of Nevada. From Reno the line runs up the canon and along the banks of the beautiful Truckee river, the source of which is Lake Tahoe, a magnificent body of water thirteen miles wide and twenty-three miles long, surrounded by forests primeval and snow-capped peaks of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, 6,240 feet above sea level. It is conceded the most beautiful body of water in the world. A side trip of one hour from Truckee can be made to Tahoe Tavern, a splendid hostelry on the shore of the lake. A staunch steamer makes daily trips to the camps and points of interest. Leaving Truckee on the main line Summit is quickly reached and the train descends along the American river which at Cape Horn gleams like a silver ribbon hundreds of feet below. The tran- sition from snow-capped peaks to tropical scenes is rapid and in 76 Going West, San Francisco. about three hours we go from the land of hr, pine and spruce to orange orchards and fruitful vineyards. From Sacramento the line branches, one line going through to San Francisco, one northward over the Shasta Route, noted for the grandeur of its scenery, to Portland, and the other southward through the San Joaquin Valley to Los Angeles. From Sacramento tickets are also good to San Francisco on the Southern Pacific's tleet river steamers down the Sacramento river, through the “Neth- erlands of America,” Carquinez Straits, by Mare Island, the naval headquarters, and along the shores of the various islands of this most wonderful inland harbor, the Bay of San Francisco. SAN FRANCISCO, THE EXPOSITION CITY. San Francisco, the centering point of California’s riches, is the metropolis of the State and its cosmopolitan population of 530,000 ^ives it a charm no other city sways. Being entirely rebuilt since the fire, it presents to the traveler an appearance and entertainment unexcelled. In 1915 the Panama-Pacific International Exposition will bring the achievements of the world to be viewed. The Southern Facific radiates from San Francisco to all points of interest in California. The line running southward through the S'an Joaquin Valley makes of easy access the Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Big Tree Groves from Merced, the Kings River Canon from Visalia and continues southward through the Baker- field oil fields to Los Angeles. The Coast line runs southward from San Francisco down the Peninsula through a suburban residence district. At Palo Alto we reach the Santa Clara Valley, far famed as the “Fruit Basket of the World,” with its thousands of acres of orchards and the largest fruit canning and packing establishments in the world. One line runs along the foot hills overlooking the valley to Los Gatos and thence through the beautiful Santa Cruz Mountains to Big Tree Station. Here are some of the largest trees in California, the gi- gantic Sempervirens. Eight miles beyond is Santa Cruz, a summer resort, and twenty miles farther, along the shore of Monterey Bay, the main line is again reached; or from Palo Alto one may go southward via the main line to San Jose, near which is located the famous Lick Observatory, with one of the largest telescopes in the world, and southward through the Santa Clara Valley to Del Monte Junction. Going West, San Francisco. 77 From Del Monte Junction a branch line runs to Del Monte. Monterey and Pacific Grove, located at the south end of the Mon terey Bay, one of the most picturesque portions of California. Here the first United States flag in the State was raised and here was the first seat of government. Monterey abounds in old adobe buildings and on every hand the old style of Spanish architecture is evident. A few miles out, on the beautiful seventeen-mile drive, is located the Carmel Mission, the second mission founded by the Franciscan Padres. Hotel Del Monte is well known and occupies the center of a large live oak grove with golf links that are unsur- passed anywhere. Pacific Grove, an all-year-round resort, is noted for its high intellectual and moral atmosphere. Southward from Del Monte Junction the line runs up the Salinas Valley through San Miguel’s famous old mission grounds to the crest of the Santa Lucia Mountains. The descent down the southern slope is over one of those splendid engineering feats that has made travel in this State possible, to San Luis Obispo, a mis- sion town. Southward from San Luis Obispo the train follows the grand old Shore Line of the Pacific Ocean for over one hundred miles so closely that pebbles may be tossed from the car into the sea, and we are soon at Santa Barbara, the Riviera of the Pacific Coast, with its splendid hotels and unsurpassed climate. Beautiful drives through avenues lined with palatial homes to the quaint old mission, the only one now being operated by the Franciscan Fathers, and to the Montecito, give days of pleasure. A splendid beach and a delightful climate make surf bathing popular the year round. Southward from here through walnut groves and orange orchards, through San Buena Ventura, another mission town, and Camulos, made famous by Helen Hunt Jackson’s story of Romona, in three hours we reach Los Angeles with its many seaside resorts, orange groves and semi-tropical climate. Yellowstone Park The Yellowstone- Western Stage Company, operating from Yellowstone, Mont, (the Oregon Short Line terminus, at the West- ern Entrance to the Park), is licensed by and is under direct super- vision of the United States Government. The line is equipped with new, four-horse Concord coaches and two-horse surreys, with the finest of Montana, Idaho and Oregon horses. An Eleven-Passenger Concord Coach. Coaches accommodate eight to eleven passengers, and the sur- reys three to five passengers. The drivers have been especially se- lected for the service, expert horsemen, familiar with the route and the Park in general, and perform the duty of guide with their re- spective parties while touring the Park, stopping at the most pala- tial hotels in the Rocky Mountains. For further information apply to F. J. Haynes, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., or E. W. Twohig, tourist agent. YELLOWSTONE-WESTERN STAGE CO., Hotel Utah, Salt Lake City. Information for Tourists Going North via The Oregon Short Line and Connections The Tourists in traveling to the North or the Pacific Northwest, will appreciate the short route and the saving of time afforded by the Oregon Short Line and its connections, through Granger, Wyoming, or by way of Ogden, Utah. Leaving Ogden, we journey northward through Willard, Brig- ham and Bear River Canyon, with its interesting high trestles, tun- nels, etc., and on to Cache Junction. This is the junction point of a branch line operating into Cache Valley, one of the most beautiful and fruitful agricultural sections of Utah. Viewed from Cache Junction in summer, this valley is a veritable garden spot. Passing Cache Junction, farther northward, we reach Poca- tello, Idaho, 134 miles from Ogden. Pocatello may be fitly termed the ‘‘hub city” of the Oregon Short Line system, for from it the line diverges to the four points of the compass: east, to Granger, Wyoming (214 miles) through Soda Springs, Idaho, with her medi- cinal mineral springs; through Montpelier and the thriving agri- cultural section of which it is the center, and through the famous coal districts of Diamondville and Kemmerer, Wyoming; north to Butte, Montana, and west to Portland, Oregon. Traveling north from Pocatello, the tourist will, of course, seek the way to the Yellowstone Park. Heretofore this famous National Wonderland was reached via M'onida, Montana, but the Oregon Short Line Company has now completed a branch from St. An- thony, Idaho, further south, to Yellowstone, Mont. YELLOWSTONE PARK. The pioneer outing tour in Yellowstone is the “Wylie Way.” The Wylie Company, is licensed by the United States Government to operate stage lines from all Park gateways and to operate in con- nection therewith a chain of nine permanent camps. Each perma- nent camp is a village of tent-cottages — office tent, recreation pa- vilion, dining hall and dozens of private sleeping tents. All tents are framed, floored, base-boarded, double-topped and heated. Street Scene, Wylie Camp. The “Wylie Way” has received the endorsement of the Salt Lake City Commercial Club and the Salt Lake City Passenger As- sociation and has numbered among its guests hundreds of the lead- ing citizens of Utah. Its charm lies in the novelty and informality of the service. Every point of scenic interest is visited in a lei- surely and comprehensive manner with frequent stops to prevent the staging from becoming wearisome. The “Wylie Way” publishes an interesting booklet about its system. Call on or address Howard H. Hays, General Tourist Agent, 25 West South Temple street (opposite entrance to Mor- mon Temple Block), Salt Lake City, Utah. THREE Daily Trains TO CALIFORNIA Pacific Limited “ELECTRIC LIGHTED” Leaves Salt Lake 8:45 a m. A Daylight Trip Thru Utah Los Angeles Limited “ELECTRIC LIGHTED” Leaves Salt Lake 5:00 p. m. Overland Express Leaves Salt Lake 11:50 p. m. Excellent Diner Service TICKET OFFICE, 10 EAST 3rd SOUTH T. C. PECK J. H. MANDERFIELD G. P. A. A. G. P, A. / THE VERY BEST OF EVERYTHING AT SENSIBLE PRICES” THE HOTEL UTAH IS ONE OF THE TRULY GREAT HOTEL BUILDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE FURNISHINGS AND EQUIP- MENT THOROUGHLY IN KEEPING WITH THE BUILDING ITSELF Under (he management of GEO. O. RELF UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 91 7. 92UT1 1 91 4 C001