GEOHGK R. CLARK^ . I'. Cl.AS. P. S1LVA. CLAKKE, LAYTON & CO,, REAL ESTATE AGENTS, In 1853,) 128 Washington Street, ADJOININO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, CHICA.GO, ILLINOIS. BUY & SELL REAL ESTATE ON COMMISSION. MONEY INVESTED FOR NON-RESIDENTS. We have made from 50 to 200 per cent, per annum on investments for Non-residents, during the last three years. Refer to the permanent business men of the city. 2 Heal Estate Agents., AND LOA1V BROKERS, 106 Madison Street, Room Ko. 2. . CHICAGO. ALL KINDS OF PROPERTY BOUGHT AND SOLD. A. M. KINZIB. __ QEORQB H. K1NZIE. MclNTYRE, PECK & CO., 13O fcState Street, - - IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS, AND DEALERS IN OIL PAINTINGS, CHROM03, ENGRAVINGS, Ac. Picture Mouldings, Frames, Cord, Tassels, Screw Eyes, Class, P1RTY A SPECIALTY. JOHH P. OLDIOKX. fTILLIAM 8. WALLUU D. C. WALLKB. a CHICAGO. fjAND BOOK FOR STRANGERS & TOURISTS CONTAINING HISTORICAL RETROSPECT; AN ACCOUNT OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE CITY; DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST, ETC. .A. BOOIC INDISPENSABLE TO STRANGERS AND VISITORS. CHICAGO: HALTIN, HAYES AND MCCLURE, PUBLISHERS, 1869. Entered according- to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by HALPIN, HAYES & MCCLURE, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, in the Northern District of Illinois. Press of Church, Goodman & Donnelley. GEO. DELOYNBS. GEO. W. PARENT. DELOYNES & PAKENT, REAL ESTATE, 152 MADISON ST., Room 2, - Major Block, CHICAGO, ILL. 10 11 ' II PI . II* r k ^ Real Estate AND 115 Dearborn St., CHICAGO. Particular attention paid to sub-dividing and selling property at public and private sale. Will purchase half interest with residents or non-residents and divide proceeds. Money loaned on best real estate security, to net-lenders ten per cent. Taxes paid for non- residents and property attended to. REFERENCES: A. C. & O. F. Badger, Bankers, Chicago; Fourth National Bank, Chicago; Geo. S. Coe, President American Exchange Bank, New York; Chas. S. Brown President American National Bank, New York; Jay Cook & Co., Bankers, New York; Nathaniel Harris, President National Atlantic Bank, Boston; N. A. Burroughs, President Ketanning Coal Co , Phila- delphia ; Allen, Copp & Nisbet, Bankers, St. Louis. 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGB. Academyof the Christian Brothers 76 Academy of Sciences 80 Amusement, places of 124 Art Galleries 142 Artesian Wells 55, 59 Banking in Chicago 106 Boot and Shoe Manufactures 160 Boulevards and Parks 89 Business Directory 173 Catholic Library Association 82 Chamber of Commerce 101 Charitable Asylums 95 Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary 100 Charity Dispensary 99 Chicago Clearing House 106 Chicago Li brary Association 82 Chicago Medical College 78 Chicago Theological Seminary 73 Chicago University .' 71 Churches in Chicago 86, 93 City Dispensary 99 -^Commerce of Chicago 26 Crib, The Lake 48 C ustom House 101 "Dearborn Park 43 -Dispensaries 42 Distances on the Pacific Railroad 70 Elevators 28 Erring Woman's Refuge 94 Foreign Consuls in Chicago 84 ; Garrett Biblical Institute 74 Grain Trade 28 ^ Hahnemann Medical College 78 Harbor and River 44 Historical Retrospect 19 Historical Society 81 Hospitals and Dispensaries 97 Hotel for Invalids 94 Hotels 134 ~ Industrial School 104 ' Insurance Companies 109 Irish Literary Association 82 iff Jefferson Park 43 Lake Marine 24 Lake Tunnel 49 Libraries * 81 Lincoln Park... 89 14 Table of Contents. Literary and Scientific Institutions 80 Lumber Trade . .- 81 Marine Hospital 97 Masonic and Odd Fellows' Guide 133 Medical Colleges 76 New Pier 46 New West, The 68 Newspapers and Publications 85 Observatory 71 Opera House ; 122 Orphan Asylums 96 Pacific Railroad 63 Parks and Boulevards 89 Places of Amusements 122 Population of Chicago 84 Population of the New West 63 Post Office 101 Provision Trade 29 Public Buildings ' 101 Ravenswood 165 Reading Rooms .. 83 Real Estate 22 Reformatory Institutions 94 Restaurants 188 River and Harbor 44 River Tunnels 51 Savings' Banks 107 Schools 78 Slope of the Pacific, The 63 South Side Parka and Boulevards 41 Steamboat and Transportation Companies 84 Stock Yards 56 Suburban Villages 165 Telegraph Companies 88 Territory of the New West 63 Theatres 122 Tonnage of Vessels 24 Trade and Commerce 21 Union Park 42 Union Stock Yards 56 Universities and Colleges 71 VernonPark 43 Village of Jefferson 170 Washington Heights 167 Washingtonian Home 94 Washington Park 43 Washington Street Tunnel . 51 West Side Parks 42 Woodland and Groveland.. . . 48 15 PATENT HINGE TURN-UP SEAT DESKS, FIVE SIZES. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF Office Desks and School Furniture. o tt Everything pertaining to the Furnishing of Schools, Halls, Churches or Colleges. Cutter's Physiological Charts, Tab- lets. Cards, Charts and Globes of all kinds. Holbrook and Philo- sophical Apparatus, Magic Lanterns and Slides. 43- Address for Illustrated Catalogue and Prioes of each department, A. H. ANDREWS & CO., Manufacturers, 111 State Street. CHICAGO. 16 17 E.P.DWYER&CO., IMPO RTERS D RUGGISTS, 92 AND 94 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO, - - - ILLINOIS, Offer to the Trade one of the largest and most com- plete stocks to be found in any Drug House west of New York City. An examination of our stock and prices is respectfully invited. E. P. DWYER & CO. Acids, Brushes all kinds, Chamois Skins, Corks all kinds, Drugs, Dye Woods, Dye Stuffs, Essential Oils, Glass- ware, all kinds, Indigoes. all kinds, Japonica, Oils, all kinds, Patent Medicines, Rosins, Sal Soda, Soda-Ash, Soda, Caustic, American ; Soda, Caustic, English ; Sponges, all kinds, Tieman & Go's Colors, Dry and in Oil, Tilden & Go's Solid and Fluid Extracts, Wm. Tilden & Nephew, Varnishes, J. P. Smith & Sons', Varnishes, Window Glass, White Leads. Agents for Congress and Empire Spring Co. Sara- toga Waters, Getttysburg Water, Missisquoi Water, Parke, Jenning & Go's Fluid Extracts, Norwood's American Isinglass. The Qualities of the Goods In which we deal will always be of the ver , best obtainable, and put up neatly and carefully by experienced employees. We do not employ Traveling Agents, being satisfied Goods can be sold at a lower margin of profit by Customers sending us their orders direct by mail. They may rest assured of getting the benefit of any de- cline in value of Goods, and prices will be as low as if the purchaser were in market. 18 HISTORICAL RETROSPECT. Early in the year 1673 a party of five Frenchmen, under the lead of Louis Joliet, set out from Canada, for the purpose of discovering the source of the Mississippi river. The celebrated French Jesuit, Pere Jacques Marquette accompanied the party as a missionary amongst the Indian tribes. Returning home, after a toilsome and adventurous journey, they took a different route, and touching the shores of Lake Michigan, they entered the mouth of a small creek, which the natives called Chicagon. This is the first record we find of Chicago River. In 1795, in a treaty with the Indian tribes inhabiting this part of the country, the United States acquired several tracts of land, among which we find recorded a tract of land " six miles square, at the mouth of Chicago river," which then entered the lake about half a mile south of its present mouth, as de- scribed in a subsequent article in this book treating of the river. The first white man who became a perma- nent settler here was Mr. John Kinzie, an Indian trader, who crossed the lake from St. Joseph, Michi- gan, in 1804. He was the founder of the commerce of Chicago, which then consisted simply in bartering with the Indians for the furs and peltries which were col- lected by them in the country bordering the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, carried across the portage between the Illinois and Chicago rivers, and then transmitted east in small vessels. About this time the first fort was erected a common frontier block-house, which was situated near the site of Rush street bridge, on the south side of the river. Outside the fort Chicago then consisted of but five houses : first, Mr. Kinzie's, on the north side of Hie river, opposite the fort, and a little west of this the residence of a Frenchman, named Ouilmette, employed by Mr. Kiuzie, and still further 20 Historical Retrospect. west, where the railroad depot on North Wells street now stands, the cottage of a discharged soldier named Burns. There was also the agency house or factory, where the goods were stored, and the intercourse with the Indians took place. This building stood west of and outside the fort; south of this again was Mr. Lee's farm. The Indian tribes who occupied the country around Chicago were the Potawatomies, the Miamies, the Winnebagoes, the Sauks and Foxes, and the Kicka- poos. On the loth of August, 1812, occurred the fear- ful Indian massacre, which forms such a dark and bloody epoch in the early history of Chicago. In July, 1815, at a grand congress of the Indian tribes of the Northwest, assembled at Portage des Sioux, on the Mississippi, a treaty of peace was negoti- ated between them and the United States Government. By another treaty, made in August, 1816, all the region of country lying between the Illinois river and Chicago was ceded to the United States. This was effected, it is said, for the purpose of building a canal to connect Lake Michigan with the Illinois river. Four years after the massacre by the Indians and destruction of the fort the troops returned to the neighborhood, and erected a new fort on the site of the former one. This last remained standing as late as 1857, when it was removed by the city authorities. In this new fort the troops remained until May, 1823, when the place was left to the care of the Indian agent and several families who had arrived here. In 1828 the fort was again occupied by troops, a second mas- sacre being threatened by the Winnebagoes. In 1882, at the breaking out of the Sauk war, the fort was gar- risoned by a detachment of regular troops under com- mand of Gen. Scott. In 1836 the Indians were removed, and the fort had no further need of a garrison. In 1830 Chicago had twelve houses and three suburban residences on Madison street. The population num- bered about one hundred souls, including half breed Indians and negroes. August 10th, 1833, the town of Chicago was organized, by the election of five trustees. There were then twenty-eight voters. The town was Trade and Commerce. 21 incorporated as a city March 4th, 1837, and the first municipal election was held May 1st, 1837. On the 1st of July of this year the first official census was taken. Population, 4,170. The city then contained 4 store- houses, 398 dwellings, 29 stores for dry goods and vari- eties, 5 hardware stores, 3 drug, and 19 grocery and provision stores, 10 taverns, 26 groceries, 17 lawyer's offices, and 5 churches. The only news of the outside world obtained in those days was by a half-breed Indian, wlio journeyed on foot, once in two weeks, to Niles, Michigan, for papers and letters, the trip usually consuming a week. The first Circuit Court was held in 1831. The pub- lic expenses of Cook County, which then included Du Page, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties, for the year 1832, were $252.35, and the receipts from licenses and taxes, to pay the same, amounted to $278.28. Such is a brief outline of the more notable events which marked the early days of Chicago. But little more than sixty years since the first white man made this his home here, where now the merchant princes of a great metropolis luxuriate in costly marble palaces, and view the waters of Lake Michigan whitened by the argosies of a vast commerce fifty years ago the savages of the wilderness satisfied their thirst for blood, and exultingly celebrated by the blaze of a burning fort the massacre of its garrison. TRADE AND COMMERCE. In 1840 Chicago was a trading post, on the extreme Indian frontier, unknown except as a government post. In 1869 her fame as a great city, unique and unpar- alled in her progress, is world wide. The history of centuries is comprised in her story, embracing a span of not more than half an ordinary life time. A stranger visiting Chicago, seems to enter into a new world. Here alone he can form some just conception of that almost illimitable territory which lies beyond the great 22 Trade and Commerce. Trade and Commerce. 23 rivers of the West, the Ohio, Mississippi and "Wis- consin. This immense territory, rapidly tilling up with a hardy population, whose labor causes the teeming virgin soil to bring forth abundantly of her inexhaust- ible wealth, is netted with railways and intersected with canals and water courses, of which Chicago is the entrepot and mart ; and from whence depart every hour of the day and night vessels innumerable, leviathan propellers, and mammoth trains loaded to their fullest capacity with grain and provisions for eastern ports, to be thence transhipped to Europe Cnicago is the centre of the greatest railway system in the world. Not a section of the great Northwest but is connected with it by rail. The Chicago and Northwestern Railway stretches away to Lake Supe- rior, and with the St. Paul road, bisects Wisconsin, and penetrates Minnesota, tapping the entire railway sys- tems of those States, and striking the line of the Northern Pacific Railway, the Galena division of the same road. The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific road, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road respectively, connect with the Iowa railroads, extending into Ne- braska, and connect at Omaha with the Union Pacific railroad. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road connects also with the Hannibal and St. Joseph road, passing through northern Missouri to St. Joseph, which is connected by rail with Lawrence, Kansas, where another connection is made with a branch of the Union line to the Pacific. These various lines, together with the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis, the Illinois Central, and the Chicago and Milwaukee, constitute the main western lines of railway centering at Chicago, and with their connections, place the entire Northwest under tribute to that city. The aggregate length of the lines of railway radi- ating from Chicago, is over 8,000 miles. Besides com- manding the trade of the interior by its numerous lines of railways and its water communications by canal with the Illinois river, it is at the head of lake naviga- tion, and has access to the ocean by natural and arti- ficial outlets for vessels that safely cross the Atlantic. 24 Trade and Commerce. A very short time hence- these outlets will be so increased that Chicago will be able to send her marine direct to the ocean vii the St. Lawrence and Missis- sippi. In 183G a few schooners supplied this region with goods from Ohio. Now the lake marine exhibits the following figures : TONNAGE OP VESSELS Owned in 1 the District of Chicago, that were engaged in trade during 1867-8 : 8 Steamers with 8,181 Tonnage 18 Propellers " 6,020 83 Tugs " 977 41 Barks " 18,899 4 Barges 1,934 15 Brigs " 8,600 267 Schooners " 48,968 87 Scows " 2,934 2 Sloops 16 410 Total " 76,369 227 Canal boats with 19,784 96,153 26 Vessels lost during the year 8,640 92,513 " TONNAGE OP VESSELS Owned in other Districts of the United States, that came to the Port of Chicago during 1867-8 : 2 Steamers with 2,190 Tonnage T4 Propellers " 51,053 14 Tugs " 910 90 Barks 28,155 21 Brigs " 5,504 895 Schooners " 85,48 81 Scows " 2,748 1 Barge " 814 28 Vessels " 176,511 The number of foreign vessels that arrived at the port of Chicago, including two from Liverpool, England, was as follows : 8 Propellers 2,859 Tons. 26 Barks 8,808 2Brigs 574 22 Schooners 5,850 58 Vessels.., 17,091 Tons. Trade and Commerce. 25 Whole number of vessels and their tonnage which entered the port of Chicago during 1867, compared with 1866: Number of seagoing Vessels entered Chicago duringlS66 997 251,017 Tons. Number of Canal Boats owned in Chicago Dec. 81, 1866 230 20,059 " Total number which entered Chicago in 1866 engaged in trade 1,227 271,163 Tons. Total number in 1S67 1,323 289,665 " Gaininl867 96 18,629 Tons. During the year 1867 there were received for tolls on the Illinois and Michigan Canal, $113,482 29. DIRECT SHIPMENTS FROM CHICAGO TO LIVERPOOL. The shipments from Chicago to Liverpool direct for the season of 1867-8, were more than double the pre- ceding season. There were forwarded by Webster's European Express, ma New York, 9,446 packages of provisions, weighing 1,675 tons; and via Portland, 13,512 packages, weighing 2,954 tons, in all, 22,958 packages, weighing 4,619 tons. The area of the lakes, including Georgian Bay, in square miles, is nearly, if not quite equal to the Mediter- ranean, while the whole extent of the coast, taking in the St. Lawrence, is far greater. The shore line of the lakes is estimated at 6,240 miles. If we cast our eyes over the map of the Mediter- ranean, we are equally surprised to perceive, whether from the difference of institutions, governments, or peoples, that notwithstanding the antiquity of its ad- vantages, so to speak, there is but one port which is as flourishing as Chicago, and none which has risen so rapidly or is likely to advance so far. Marseilles is the third city in France, ranking next to Paris and Lyons. According to the most recent accounts, its population is, even now, but about thirty thousand more than that of Chicago, if even that; though Marseilles existed six hundred years before the Christian era, and \ras a free commercial city in the 26 Trade and Commerce. year 1226. The tonnage of French vessels now engaged in its foreign trade appears from our latest Consular returns to be but 180,000 tons; while that of Chicago, as we have already stated, amounts to 255,000. So, too, of Genoa, the proud, the great port of Italy. This city, old and beautifully picturesque though it be, has not as many inhabitants as Chicago, and no such com- mercial activity. The operations of a single hour in the latter would, in Genoa, appear like an insurrection. And so we might proceed to contrast every other city on the shores of the Mediterranean, all old and flourish- ing, perhaps, in the European sense, but none of them resembling the busy, growing, flourishing and com- manding city of Chicago. The prosperity of its inhabitants has proceeded step by step with that of the city, and nowhere can be found more of the comforts and elegancies of life, nowhere a greater liberality of bestowment for any good and patri- otic purpose. But it is sufficient for us at this time to look at Chi- cago as she is, with interminable lines of railwav, which reach to the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic, with a uniform guage, radiating in all directions over our fer- tile Western plains and prairies, and which, after cut- ting through rocks sparkling with gold and silver, are to terminate only on the shores of the Pacific. It is sufficient to consider that she is the mistress and at the head of navigation of the largest inland seas on this continent, and that her sails whiten and her screws toss into foam the purest and most beautiful of waters. "With a vast domestic and increasing colonial trade, likely to be facilitated by the enlargement of the present canals of Canada, or the construction of new ones by natural routes such as the earliest missionaries dis- covered, there seems to be no limitation to her exten- sion or prosperity. Chicago, therefore, may be set up as a standard American city, for the admiration of the world. THE COMMERCE OF CHICAGO. THE GRAIN TRADE. By far the most interesting and remarkable feature of the business of Chicago is the grain trade, which, Trade and Commerce. 27 starting up a little more than twenty-seven years ago, has developed with such rapidity, and has already reached proportions so gigantic as to stamp it as one of the chief marvels of the history of modern commerce. Who, dating back to 1838, when the sum total of the grain trade of Chicago was seventy-eight buxhels, could have realized the marvel that thirty years would pro- duce. Then, the only trade of the city was supplied by two small vessels; now, Chicago estimates the tonnage of her fleets by thousands, and takes rank as the leading grain market of the world. The trade and commerce of the Mississippi river has not kept pace with the de- velopment of the country through which it runs, and for which it is the regular channel to the ocean. The artificial highways of trade, canals and railroads, have tapped the West, and carried its products eastward across the continent. The grain trade of the West has been diverted almost entirely to the lakes, the Erie canal, the St. Lawrence river, or the six great trunk lines of railroad that diverge from the heart of the West to the seaboard. Thus has the Mississippi ceased to be the outlet to the ocean for the grain traffic of the West. The reasons for the change are apparent, its advantages many. The risk of damage to grain or flour, which was very liable to receive damage from heat by passing through the Southern latitudes of the gulf during the summer months, is greatly decreased, and the uncer- tainty of river navigation is removed, while the advan- tages of cheaper and speedier transportation by rail- roads and canals on the Northern route, with the better markets afforded on the Atlantic seaboard, have aided chiefly to effect this change. The following figures, compiled from the official report of Chicago Board of Trade, will afford the stranger some idea of the extent of the grain trade of Chicago. THE ELEVATORS. Overhanging the river on either side are to be seen large, sombre, gloomy-looking buildings, erected for the purpose of receiving and discharging the enormous quantities of grain which are continually pouring into this market. Their number and capacity are as follows : 28 Trade and Commerce. Trade and Commerce. 29 The following table shows the movements of flour and grain during 1868 as compared with 1858. RECEIVED. 1868. 1858. 66'2,540 9,689,614 8,252,641 2,888,^97 T1,0i2 413,812 Flour In barrels ..................... ........ 1,321.205 Wheat in bushels. ........................... 18,930,857 Corn " ............................ 26,186,256 Oats " ............................ 13,554,827 Rye " ............................ 1,400,896 Barley " ............................ 2,484,450 FORWARDED. Flour in barrels ............................. 2,246,280 470,462 Wheat in bushels ............................ 12,950,2 ( .3 8,850,257 Corn " ............................ 28,062,529 7.726,264 Oats " ............................ 12,425,950 1,519,066 Rye " ........................... 1,864,566 7,569 Barley " ............................ 2;485,959 132,020 THE PROVISION TRADE. The provision trade of Chicago dates its commence- ment from the year 1835, when 5,000 head of cattle was the total number cut and packed in the city. From that time until the season of 1864-5, Chicago furnished almost one-third of the entire number packed in the western states. Cincinnati, for a number of years, was the leading packing point, and was, in consequence, called the Porkopolisof the country. In 1861, although Cincinnati showed no considerable decrease in the number of hogs packed, still she had to yield the palm to her younger competitor. During that season nearly one million hogs were cut up and packed in Chicago, being two fifths of the entire packing of the west. The number of firms now engaged in packing is forty-six in pork, and nine in beef. The following table gives the receipts and shipments of hogs, with the number packed in a series of years : Yfftr. Received. 1844 1835 1887 1851-2 1852-3 65,158 1853-4 73,980 1854^5 188,515 Skipped. 54,156 78,694 J'ackfd. 388 1,000 1,400 5,000 12,000 22,036 44,156 30 Trade and Commerce. Year. Rece.ivcd. Shh 1855-6 803.539 1TO.881 80,:'-80 ia^-7 220,702 103.074 74,000 1S57-8 214,223 88,546 99,262 1853 640,486 19.',013 179,634 1859 271,204 110,246 151,339 1860 392,864 '.'27,164 271,805 18H1 (575.902 2^9,094 505. (591 1862 1,343.890 491,135 970 256 672,769 689,382 1867-8 1,883,373 1,033,118 796,225 1868-9 1,997,506 1,181,344 (597,954 The following shows the numbers of live stock received by railroad during the season of 1868 as com- pared with that of 1867 : 1868. 13(57. Beef cattle , 324,624 834.138 Hogs 1,705,863 1,696,748 Sheep 270,875 179,888 The following table shows the result of the packing business in the west during the season of 1868-9 com- pared with that of 1867-8 : 1867-8. Ohio 562,955 644,657 Illinois 1,063,496 80fi,OS4 Indiana 821,883 326,658 Kentucky 157,8-0 188,426 Missouri.. 883,011 861,067 Wisconsin 174,958 129,094 Iowa 182,944 126,835 Total 2J98^832 M77,264 2,477,2(54 Decrease 816,768 The packing-houses of Chicago are mainly located in Bridgeport, on both banks of the south branch of the river. The buildings are mainly substantial brick struc- tures. Steam machinery now performs much of the labor formerly done by hand. It is a curious and instructive scene to witness the operations of a large packing- house during the busy season, and will repay the trou- ble and time spent. Trade and Commerce. 81 THE LUMBER TRADE. Chicago is admirably situated for a first-class lumber market for the people of the Northwest. The lumber regions of Canada, Michigan and Wisconsin, inex- haustible as it would seem, are all accessible to the lake*, and lumber is readily transported hither at a trifling expense, so that, in purchasing here, dealers can do almost as well as if in the very heart of the lum- ber region, many miles distant The lumber trade of Chicago ranks next in importance to the grain trade, and continues to make gigantic strides each succeeding year, keeping pace with the growth of the city and the development of the Northwest. The receipts of lumber for the fiscal year ending March 31. 1868, were 882,661,770 feet, against 730,057,168 feet for the year previous. The shipments were 518,973,354 feet. The receipts of shingles were 447,039,275, and the shipments 480,980,500. The increase in the latter over the former can in part be attributed to the fact that there is a large number of shingle factories in our city. These, in a great measure, help to meet the pressing demand from all parts of the south and west. The receipts of lath were 146,846,280, and the shipments 70,587,194. MISCELLANEOUS. Kectipt*. Shipment*. Seeds, Ibs 88.962,897 19,058,921 Salt, bbls 492,129 455,740 Salt, sacks 21,081 8,263 Hides, Ibs 28,522,066 27,739,099 Highwines, gals 1 ,454,228 Lead, Ibs ..11,286,957 4,162,077 Wool.lbs 11,213,999 11,293,717 32 Trade and Commerce. lilii Real Estate. 33 REAL ESTATE. ACCORDING to the estimate of many, even citizens of Chicago, whom the experience of the past should have taught better, every advance in real estate has been set down as the result of artificial inflation. Always, a reaction was about to set in and a fail in prices that must surely prove ruinous to the unlucky wight who should have the boldness to base his speculations, in the purchase of real estate, upon his faith in the future greatness of a city, the heart of which was planted in a swamp on the banks of a sluggish stream whose mouth was barred by an ever-increasing sand-bank. The poor laborer who, in the early days of the city, was compelled to receive a portion of his hard-earned dole in city lots, was an object of commiseration. And even to this day we find croakers who, when a man of moderate means stints and saves to enable him, by the expenditure of his last dollar, to make his first pay- ment on a lot, hold him up as a marvel of blind folly. Still, these transactions have gone on, and hundreds of instances can be pointed out to day in which poor men who had perforce to take lots in part payment of their earnings in despite of themselves, have suddenly awakened to the fact that those same lots, so sadly despised, and the cause of so much commiseration to their owners, have made them independently rich. Our building enterprises also come in for a full measure of censure from the same class of people. The five to six thousand neat frame dwellings which every year add so many comfortable and pleasant-look- ing homes for the laborer, mechanic, and man of small means, are looked upon as the mushroom sprouts of a spurious and unhealthy growth ; while such magnifi- cent edifices as are rapidly covering the whole business section of the city as altogether too extravagant too far in advance of the times, and sure to result in utter ruin to their projectors, and hasten the return- of the dreaded "crash" or "crisis." But the work still goes 3 34 Real Estate. on ; no sooner is it announced that another grand "block" or "building" is to be erected in such a place than the architect's office is besieged, and usually before the foundations are laid every choice place in the building is leased in advance. At no time in the his- tory of Chicago have rents been firmer than during the renting season of 1869. A certain evidence of healthy, vigorous growth is that the business portion of the city is rapidly extending, not changing, its location. Within the memory of men yet living in onr midst, Chicago was a mere trading post on the extreme Indian frontier. So late as 1840, the population was less than 5,000, and this memorable year of 1869 it is estimated to.be considerably over 300,000. Why attempt to scan the future? The past has realized more than her most sanguine prophet ever dreamed Looking back at what Chicago was in her early days, and comparing her with other and older cities, we may well wonder at her progress; but if we but look a little deeper into the matter, and seek out the true causes of her wondrous and unprecedented growth, surprise at the reality gives place to almost wonder that it is not greater. For, lying behind the g 'eat FACT of the city, are greater facts which justify an expectation beyond what the iiiost sagacious or sanguine have indulged. These, numerous to consider in detail, and fortunately too familiar and obvious to be more than suggested, are all to be referred, first, to the extent and richness of the region which the city immediately subsidizes ; secondly, to the relations between it and more remote lands and interests. " Chicago can scarcely be called a great city, in fact, yet, only a little over a quarter of a million inhabitants ; ana he who only estimates the resources of Illinois alone must see that they are more than enough, and are sufficiently tributary to Chicago to secure her present status forever. The proposed Northern Pacific Railroad is no less a Chicago interest than are the Union or Central Pacific to be. The freshest tyro in Lake Superior topography knows that the talk about eastern railway outlets in that direction is the sheerest nonsense. Whatever of trade from those vast regions north of the latitude of Chicago does not reach Real Estate. 35 eastern markets by vessel, must infallibly come here, while the lake marine engaged therein will more and more be owned and controlled here. There is nothing disastrous to Chicago pretensions in the Northern Pacific Railroad scheme, and if there were, the danger would be little imminent in view of the status of the Pacific road already built." The project of a ship canal across the Isthmus of Darien, which, if successful, would, no doubt, divert commerce from the Chicago trans-continental railway line, has been demonstrated to be wholly impracticable short of, at least, twenty years, and in view of the com- pletion of the Pacific road, there is no demand for Mr. Seward's pet project. But, even if built, it would be available only for steamers, inasmuch, as sailing vessels would have to be towed to and from a point two hun- dred miles at cea, through a region of perpetual calms, or light baffling winds, before reaching the track of north-east and south-west trade winds. They could go round Cape Horn, as they do now, far more profitably, taking into consideration the canal -toll, the cost of tonnage, and the increased insurance premiums over rates chargeable on vessels keeping in the open sea. In the recent strife between the great track lines pene- trating from the seaboard to the interior in which each has sought to secure to itself advantages over the other in its connection with the vast railway system of Chi- cago ; Chicago was declared to be the real objective point of the contest. The traffic of the great West of the rapidly developing regions beyond the Missis- sippi valley and beyond the backbone of the Continent, even of the Pacific Ocean and of Asia was the prize ; and Chicago, being " the concentrating point of all that vast traffic," (vide New York I'tmes,) became the goal which it was necessary to win. Without that the New York and Erie Railroad can not compete for the Pacific trade with either of its powerful rivals, the New York Central or the Pennsylvania Central. With that the three grand trunk lines will stand on a footing of equal advantage. " This contest being decided in the common interest of all, the next strug- 36 Real Estate. gle," says the New York Tribune, "will be for the control of the lines from Chicago to Omaha." The North-western, and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy roads have completed their lines from Chicago to Omaha ; so that there are three independent lines in operation from the seaboard, through Chicago, con- necting with the Union Pacific road to San Francisco. Not less full of promise to Chicago is the Kansas sys- tem of railroads, enjoying common connection with Chi- cago at Leavenworth. Through this, the best region of New Mexico and Texas will be brought to our door. Say that all this growth and activity so varied, so intense, so far-reaching, so hopeful and determined which constitute Chicago, are past finding out in their remote cause ; say that a metropolis so entirely out of what might have been expected to be the true course of trans-Mississippi commerce from seaboard to seaboard, was ostensibly improbable. Yet, how far more impro- bable now that a great, growing, wealthy, vigorous and ambitious metropolis once built here, productive capital once accumulated and utilized here, a dozen great and extending railroad lines once concentrated here from East, North, West, and South that such a change as some anticipate, indeed that any change for the worse, should take place within our century in the center and current of enterprise once established at so great cost, and founded deep in the harmony of so many vast, distinct and otherwise conflicting interests. Consider alone the railroad business ; throw out of the problem altogether all others stock, grain, etc., equally com- manding; and reflect what concern the old roads, which are constantly expending their incomes in in- creasing their facilities, and the new roads which at immense cost are incessantly pushing into new fields and subordinating them, have in the perpetuity of ar- rangements, whose solidest motive lies thus far almost solely in the future. That these vital connections with surrounding commonwealths once exist, is the strongest possible reason why they should continue to exist. Hard earned capital, deaf-bought commercial experi- ence iringing to their aid sciences laboriously built Heal Estate. 37 up and arts patiently mastered are never Quixotic. The cost will be ever counted of expending millions in first establishing channels of trade, and then thousands of millions in directing it therefrom. Simply because it is cheaper and surer to employ existing channels than t construct new ones, the old ones will be employed ; and capital seeking investment will find it in existing enterprises, in preference to expending itself on the superfluous and problematical. The only necessity that can lead to the opening of new lines will be that which lies in the fact that existing lines have become inadequate to the increased demand ; and in that fact we find the very promise of Chicago's permanent greatness, in which her citizens have an abiding faith, and which is now stimulating capital to seek invest- ment here. We say " investment " generally ; for in this respect the real estate " movement," as it is called, is but the complement of an activity which extends not alone to commerce, but embraces manufacturing enter- prise, and the growth of the arts, useful and ornamental as well. . The expenditure of eight or ten millions annually in building, and the ten or twelve millions of real estate transfers, in which from fifty to seventy-five millions of dollars annually change hands, constitute a fact too great to be considered as standing by itself. It has its meaning in facts equally momentous and imposing. In this connection it is worth while to note the prevailing fact in regard to Chicago real estate, that this " movement " has been identical with that of the city in population, industry and commercial import- ance ; in all of which, carrying real estate along with it, there has, upon the whole, been very decided progress from decade to decade. Of the two or three periods of depression that have been experienced, not one has extended to five years. As with the ocean, there has been recession here and there, and now and then ; but these have been in the nature of an ebb in the tide, which to those who have had faith and pluck enough to take it, has soon proved a flood tide, and borne them on to fortune. The particular explanation of this is found in the even pace which building enterprise and real estate 38 Real Estate. activity have uniformly kept. For instance, on the removal of Camp Douglas, the ground of that and adjoining localities was subdivided and sold. Promi- nent among these was the Grove property, and the Wentworth tract, about four and two years ago respectively. The former was held at $35 per foot, the latter at from $30 to $50. The price seemed high at the time, but the easy terms reconciled purchasers to it. But those who bought only in the expectation of taking advantage of the long time and paying for their lots, were astonished at finding them, within a year, doubled in value. The reason is plain: the ground was near, improvements began on every hand ; and now the few choice lots in these tracts which can be had at all, readily command from three to four times the price paid for them. The same thing has been repeated scores of times, and most notably so in the North Division around Lincoln Park ; and previously in the West Division around Union Park. There has been no special effort made in these cases by dealers, beyond regular advertising and the brisk competition of auction sales, to increase this activity. It is simply a fact in the normal growth of a city that has grown because grow it must. The average number of new buildings erected in 1868 was about 7,000, at a cost of about $14,000,000. In Colbert's Chicago, we find the following items : " The list " viz. : 7,000 new buildings, "includes more costly buildings than that of any for- mer year, but the number of smaller residences erected is much less in proportion. It is not possible to tabu- late the improvements of the year with accuracy at this writing, but we are able to count 12 churches, and about 40 blocks of fine buildings to be credited to 1868, of which 30 will average $100,000 each and one will cost $300,000." The whole movement, land and building, finds a par- allel only in that which has been going on in New York during the same period. It is a movement of the residence population up town and out to the suburbs to make room for improved and stately blocks of build- ings to accommodate the annual increase in the business of the city. Parks and Boulevards. 39 It is to be remarked in this connection, that the only cities in which the real estate business can properly be termed a " movement," are the terminal points on the grand central entrepot of the Pacific Road and the Eastern connections, New York, San Francisco and Chicago. Take Cincinnati for example. The sales for the week ending March 5th, numbered but 69, with an aggregate of $257,779.89, compared with 269 sales in Chicago, to the amount of $1,198,859, showing 300 per cent, greater activity here than in Cincinnati. During the month of January the sales in San Francisco, including both city and county, were 492, for an aggre- gate value of $2,716,823. m The movement here rivals that of New York the number of transfers in Chicago during the three last weeks of February were 241, 272, and 240, compared with 238, 231, and 173 in New York, On March 10th there were 38 sales in New York, having an aggregate value of $685,000. On the Saturday previous there were in Chicago 32 sales, amounting to $578,000. It is estimated that there has been attracted to Chicago for direct investment in real estate during the past year alone, at least seven millions of dollars, to say nothing of the amount which has been loaned on real estate securities and invested in improvements. PARKS AND BOULEVARDS. LINCOLN PARK THIS Park is situated in North Chicago, on the lake shore, about two miles north of the river. It is bounded on the south by the old city cemetery. Until the present session of the legislature this park covered an area of about sixty acres ; additions have been made, or the city has obtained legislative authority for such additions, which will make the park to contain about two hundred acres. For the past three years the city Las bejn employed leisurely in improving the park, 40 Parks and Boulevards. and has expended upon it nearly $75,000 This Park, with the exception of Union Park in the West Division, is the only public improvement worthy of the name in the city. The natural configuration of this park is perhaps better than can be found any where else in the vicinity of the city. It is composed chiefly of sand hills, with little valleys and ponds between them. The great difficulty in applying to it the rules of landscape is to obtain black and tenacious earth sufficient to form a proper surface upon which shrubbery and trees may be expected to live and thrive; but this* latter obstacle has been removed by the legislature in its recent bill, which has permitted the addition of a large number of acres to this Park on the north. The boundaries of Lincoln Park are on the south, North avenue, from Clark street to the Lake ; on the west, Clark street to Franklin ; thence north on Frank- lin street to its intersection with the old lake shore ditch, and thence along this ditch to Fullerton avenue ; west on Fullerton avenue to a point five hundred feet east of North Clark street ; thence north-west, on a line parallel to and five hundred feet east of Clark street, to the centre line of section 28; thence east to the Lake. About two and one-half miles of drives are already in existence, and the Park has a large number of trees growing within its enclosure. During last summer a cries of- out-door concerts were inaugurated, which appeared to be the source of much enjoyment. This Park enjoys one other advantage, which no other Park in the city can enjoy. All the lake com- merce of Chicago, represented by its thousands of sail vessels and its steamers, must pass along its front. Scarcely an hour occurs in the summer when there may not be seen what would seem to be an endless line of vessels. Lincoln Park is at present the most central of any of our urban parks. As has been stated, it is but two miles from the river, while South Park is from five to eight miles, and West Park can hardly be less than four miles from the Court House. To reach Lincoln Park, however, the people have yet no means of railroad tran- sit except the horse cars, and it will be found that the Parks and Boulevards. 41 South and West Parks can as quickly and as cheaply be reached by the steam roads as Lincoln Park can by means of the horse cars The lake shore drive or boulevard, which is pro- jected for this Park, will, when it is completed, be one of the finest improvements in the city. The design is to have it commence at Pine street, and run thence along the lake shore, of a width of two hundred feet, until it reaches the southern boundary of Lincoln Park. The Board of Public Works has already matured the plans for this work, and its execution will be only a matter of time. THE SOUTH SIDE PARKS AND BOULEVARDS. There are two parks, one of them containing about 600 acres, and skirting the lake shore just south of Hyde Park ; and the other, of 360 acres, approaching nearer to the city, and bounded by Fifty-first street on the north, Sixtieth street on the south, Kankakee avenue on the west, and Cottage Grove avenue on the east. These Parks are connected with a Boulevard 600 feet wide, lying between Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth streets, and all together is called the South Side Park. The northern or western one, or portion of these Parks, is approached from the city by two boulevards or avenues, each two hundred feet wide, one beginning at Thirty-fifth street, or Douglas place (the streets are numbered from the river southward), and lying west of the east line of Kankakee avenue, running directly south to the north-west corner of the Park; and the other commencing at the city limits, at Fortieth street and Cottage Grove avenue, funning thence in a south- easterly direction to Forty-first street; thence south along Drexel avenue to the north-east corner of the Park, as shown by the map. The Park bill became a law by the action of the last Legislature (1869), and a vote of the people of more than two to one in favor of the Park. The Commissioners are men of unbounded energy and perseverance. They have already organized, and begun to prepare plans for laying out and improving 42 Parks and Boulevards. these Parks, for which purpose ample provision has been made, both in the Park bill itself, and in the Lake Shore Harbor bill, recently become a law by the action of the Legislature. So that when, a very few years hence, these grand Parks and Boulevards are fully completed, together with all the avenues leading thereto, Chicago will have the finest drives and most beautiful public grounds of any city on this continent. THE WEST SIDE PARKS. The West Parks have been left indefinite both in respect of size and exact location. They are to be three in number, and are to be situated within the new city limits, which are extended two miles west of Western avenue : one north of Division street ; another, between Kinzie and Harrison streets; and a third, between Har- rison street and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. They are each to contain not less than one hundred acres nor more than two hundred, and are severally to cost, improvements not included, not more than $250,000. Wide boulevards will connect the parks with each other, and extend southwardly from the most southern park to the Illinois and Michigan Canal, provided that the land therefor shall be obtained free of cost. When these parks shall have been located, the city limits will be extended so as to include them with all the intervening land between them and Western avenue, and the vote that ratifies the park also extends the city limits. UNION PARK, In the West Division, contains about sixteen acres. It is of an irregular, pentagonal form, bounded on the north by Lake street, on the south by Warren street, on the west by Reuben street, on the north-east by Bryan place, and on the south-east by South western avenue. The costly plan of improvement commenced in 1865 is rapidly transforming the flat, bare prairie into a tasteful, beautiful park, with hills, rocks, rivulets and cataracts, with a beautiful artificially-made pond in the centre. Parks and Boulevards. 43 DEARBORN PARK. The first, and for many years the only public park in the city, is an oblong piece of ground extending from Randolph to Washington street, and from Michigan avenue to Dearborn place, and contains one and a half acres. The ground was presented to the city by the United States, to be used for ever as a public Park. It is enclosed by a neat iron railing, and planted with trees. JEFFERSON PARK Is but two blocks south and one block east of Union Park, embracing but a single square, bounded by Monroe, Throop, Adams and Loomis streets. It con- tains about five acres. It is surrounded by stately and beautiful residences. VERNON PARK Is an oblong piece of ground abut 300 feet wide by 600 feet long, on Centre avenue and West Polk street. WOODLAND AND GROVELAND. These are piivate parks laid out by f ,he late Senator Douglas in the beautiful grove, in the South Division, called Oaken wald, and are intended for the especial benefit of the proprietors of the lots which front upon them. WASHINGTON PARK Is a small square between North Clark and Dearborn streets, north of Chesnut street, containing two and one half acres. It has a number of shade trees, and is quite a pleasant retreat from the dust and heat of a summer's day. 44 The River. THE RIVER. THE first recorded vessel that entered the harbor of Chicago, was the schooner Tracy, in 1803, under com- mand of Lieut. Dorr, laden with supplies for the U. S. garrison in Fort Dearborn. Its condition at that time is not mentioned. Col. Long, of the engineers, who visited Chicago in 1816, found the river discharging it- self into the lake over a bar of gravel and sand in a sluggish stream only a few inches deep, and from thirty to forty feet wide. In a broader, deeper, and much more copious stream the Little Calumet entered the lake over a similar bar about ten miles further south. Seven years later, when Col. Long visited these places, he found the mouth of the Chicago River but little changed, while that of the Little Calumet was blocked up by a dry sand bar. The first steamboat that entered the Chicago river, was the Shelden Thompson, in 1832, during the Black Hawk war, bring- ing troops and provisions, with General Winfield Scott in command of the troops. In 1833 Congress made the first appropriation of $30,000 to improve the harbor. The north pier was run out a short distance and a light-house erected. An embankment was made to cut off the river from her old channel, which had previously emptied into the lake near the foot of Madison street. This work was commenced in the summer of 1833, and vigorously pushed forward. In the following spring came a great freshet, which cleaned out the sand from the mouth, and did more work than all the dredges. In successive years additional appropriations were made, amount- ing in the aggregate to $144,000. In 1839 the work was suspended, the money having been exhausted. The constant current which sets toward the mouth of the river from the straits of Mackinaw, stirred up the sand and rolled it down into a huge bar in front of the city; the bar continued to accumulate, until, in 1864, it had reached the foot of Van Buren street, and vessels The River. 45 were compelled to tack round to that point, turn the bar, and beat up between it and the breakwater. Casualties, in consequence, became frequent. In order to prevent this continued accumulation of sand, the city at an early day began to extend the north pier out into the lake. It was first built out in a straight line 1,070 feet, then turning about 20 degrees to the north, 450 feet were added ; thence on another plan 500 feet further, forming the arc of a circle ; and reach- ing the site of the light-house erected in 1855, and which is situated 1,950 feet from the starting point. In 1864-5 450 feet more were added, continuing on the line of the first straight section. In 1866, Major J. D. Wheeler, of the Engineer Corps, in his report to the government, urged the erection of 600 feet additional to the north pier, and an appropriation of $88,704 was made for the purpose. In 1816, when Col. Long examined the river, the stream was almost flush with the surrounding country. It was much narrower then than now. It was, how- ever, much deeper, and is said to have had a depth of twenty feet near the present location of Clark street bridge ; the widening of the stream and the heavy sedi- ment constantly settling in its bed has sensibly dimin- ished its depth. In 1832 the two first bridges were built, one over the North Branch, at Water street, and another over the South Branch, between Lake and Randolph streets, the latter was not removed until 1840. It cost $486.20, which was raised by subscription, the Potawatomie Indians contributing nearly one-half the amount. The main channel is now crossed by substantial and costly swing-bridges at every second block in the more densely populated portions, and at frequent intervals beyond. Over the main channel are bridges at Rush, State, Clark and Wells streets, over the South Branch at Lake, Randolph, Madison, Van Buren, Polk, Twelfth, Eighteenth, Halsted, Reuben and Fuller streets, and at Archer Avenue. Over the North Branch at Kinzie, Indiana and Erie streets, Chicago Avenue, North Halsted street, North Avenue and Clybmrne Avenue. The railroad trains cross the river on bridges 46 The River. built^by the railroad companies. The public bridges require to be rebuilt about every five years. Their average cost is about $35,000. When navigation first began upon this river, vessels were unable to go up the North Branch further than Chicago Avenue, and up the South Branch their pro- gress was impeded at Eighteenth street. From this point to where the canal begins, a distance of one mile and a half, the river has been deepened and widened. The number of vessels moving on the river and its branches became so great that a widening of the stream was of necessity demanded. The dock limits had been laid out nearly following the original curvatures of the banks. It has been decided to widen the branches to an uniform width of two hundred feet, and the improve- ment is now being carried out, but it will take many years before it can possibly be completed. The estab- lished width for the main river is 250 feet, and in some points this is exceeded. The North Branch has been also deepened, and is now navigable one mile and a quarter beyond Chicago Avenue. In 1848 the building of docks was fairly commenced. In 1854 the city had four miles of wharves. Now there are twelve miles in operation, having cost over $1,250,000. Four miles of this have been renewed, making a total of fifteen miles built. Dock piling lasts only about nine years. This dock system has extended immensely along the South Branch in the West Divi- sion. But a movement has recently commenced for the construction of a still greater system along the lake shore, just north of the mouth of the river. North from the new pier previously mentioned, the Chicago Dock Company will build a breakwater 500 feet long; from the northern extremity of this a break- water 1,500 feet in length will be constructed reaching to the shore. An area extending 300 feet north from the pier, and west to the shore of the lake, will be filled in, and through the center of this made land will run a street from the main shore to the eastern channel. The block thus created will be divided into lots for dockage purposes. On the north side of this made land there will be a channel, 110 feet wide, penetrating Michigan The Lake Tunnel. 47 street as far as Sand street. The water in the basin will be twenty-two feet, and the largest vessels will easily float in the canal. The two will give as much wharfage as is now afforded by both sides of the river, as far as the confluence of the two branches. This work was commenced in the beginning of 1867, and is being carried on in connection with the exten- sion ordered by the Government the work being really begun where the United States officials will cease their labors. This new line of pier will form a grand line of nearly 2,000 feet upon the North Side. The limited space at our disposal in a little work so circum- scribed in its scope as a HAND-BOOK for strangers, pre- vents us from enlarging upon the subject of the Chicago River ; we would refer the curious reader to the very best coinpend of Chicago, her history and statistics, that has ever appeared, and to which we are indebted for the above article (condensed) and much other valu- able information, we refer to " Historical and Statis- tical Sketch of Chicago," by E. Colbert. THE LAKE TUNNEL. SINCE the completion of this grand undertaking, the people of Chicago have enjoyed the inestimable bless- ing of an inexhaustible supply of the purest water in the world. For a long time previous to 1863, the water pumped up from the shore of the lake and supplied for drinking purposes was unfit for human use. After a long and careful consideration of various plans to remedy the crying evil, and secure a supply of pure water, the Board of Public Works decided early in 1863 to carry a tunnel out two miles under the bed of the lake. On the 17th of March, 1864, ground was broken for the tunnel on the lot occupied by the Pumping works, at the east end of Chicago avenue, on the lake shore. From the shore shaft, which is 67 feet deep, the tun- nel extends two miles out in a straight line at right 48 The Lake Tunnel. angles with the shore. The clear width of the tunnel is 5 feet, and the clear height 5 feet 2 inches, the top and bottom arches being semi circles. It is lined with brick masonry 8 inches thick, in two wings or shells, the bricks being laid lengthwise of the tunnel, with toothing joints. The bottom of the inside surface of the bore at the east end is 66 feet below water level, with a gradual slope of two feet to the mile towards the shore shaft This gives a clear fall of four feet in the whole distance, to permit the emptying of it in case of needed repairs, a gate at the crib shutting off the supply of water. The brickwork has been laid in 8 inches thick all around, well set in cement. The tunnel as now constructed will deliver under a head of two feet, 19,000,000 gallons of water daily; under a head of eight feet, 38,000,000 gallons daily, and under a head of eighteen feet, 57,000,000 gallons daily. The velocities for the above quantities will be one and four-tenths mile per hour, head being two feet; head being eight feet, the velocity will be two and three- tenths miles per hour, and the head being eighteen feet the velocity will be four and two-tenths miles per hour. By these means it will be competent to supply one million people with fifty-seven gallons each per day, with a head of eighteen feet. The Crib, as it is called, in which is enclosed the east shaft of the tunnel, will repay a visit. It can be reached by the steam tugs from Clark street bridge. Excursions during the summer time are frequent. The crib is forty feet and a half high, and built in pentagonal form, in a circumscribing circle of ninety- eight and a half feet in diameter. It is built of logs one foot square, and consists of three walls, at a dis- tance of eleven feet from each other, leaving a central pentagonal space having an inscribed circle of twenty- five feet, within which is fixed the iron cylinder, nine feet in diameter, running from the water line to the tunnel, sixty-four feet below the surface and thirty-one feet below the bed of the lake at that point. The crib is thoroughly braced in every direction. It contains 750,000 feet of lumber, board measure, and 150 tons iron bolts. It is filled with 4,500 tons of stone and The Lake Tunnel. 49 weighs 5,700 tons. The crib stands- twelve feet above the water line, giving a maximum area of 1,200 feet which can be exposed at one sweep to the action of the waves, reckoning the resistance as perpendicular. The outside was thoroughly caulked, equal to a first-class vessel, with three threads in each seam, the first and last being what is called " horsed." Over all these there is a layer of lagging to keep the caulking in place and protect the crib proper from the action of the waves. A covered platform or house was built over the crib, enabling the workmen to prosecute the work uninterrupted by rain or wind, and affording a pro- tection for the earth brought up from the excavation, and permitting it to be carried away by scows, whose return cargoes were bricks for the lining of the tunnel. The first brick was laid at the crib end on the 22d of December, 1865, and on the last day of the year the workmen began to excavate from that end, at which time they had already 4,825 feet done from the shore. From that time the work progressed steadily and with few interruptions of any consequence. In the early part of November, 1866, when within a few feet of meeting, the workmen met for the first time with sand pockets, which caused leakage, and delayed the final blow till December 6th, when the last brick (which was a stone), was laid by Mayor J. B. Rice, in the presence of the Aldermen, city officials, and as many other prominent citizens as could be packed into the tunnel within hearing distance. Still another delay was experienced in the construc- tion of the conduits to the new pumping works, and it was not till Monday, March 25th, 1867, that the water was let into the tunnel to flow through the water pipes and hydrants of the city. On that day the new water works were formally inaugurated by the laying of the corner stone of a new tower, situated about half a block west of the old tower, and since completed to a total height of 130 feet, standing on a base of twenty-four feet square. "Within this tower is an iron column three feet in internal diameter, to the top of which the water is forced from the tunnel by powerful pumping ma- chinery, and is thence forced by its own pressure 4 50 The Lake lunnel. through the mains and to the tops of the highest build- ings in the citj. The column is surrounded by a neat spiral staircase. The machinery now employed to do this consists of three engines: No. 1, capable of pump- ing 18,000.000 gallons daily; engine No. 2, 12,000,000 gallons daily; and No. 3, 8,000,000 gallons daily, and the Board of Public Works have now asked the Council for authority to purchase a fourth engine, capable of pumping 36,000,000 gallons daily. This increase in the pumping facilities of these works is believed to be necessitated by the growth of the city; it being remem- bered that it is necessary to provide against accident to one of the engines, as the water supply ought not to be suspended during its repair. COST. The total cost of the lake tunnel to the city, including extras, preliminary examination, supervision, etc., is $457,845. The cost of the new water-tower, of the largest engine, and the building, now nearly finished for the reception of the machinery and the accommo- dation of the workmen, will swell the total to about $900,000. The total water debt of the city was 2,483,000 in April, 1867. The total amount of water pipe laid in the city up to the close of 1868 was 228^ miles. The total capacity of pipes and reservoirs was 3,400,000 gallons. There were about 900 fire hj^drants and 450 stop- cocks in the city at the beginning of the present year. MORE WANTED. "With this tremendous increase, the city of Chicago is not supplied rapidly enough for its wants. The tunnel will admit the passage of water sufficient to supply one million of inhabitants, but the street pipes need extend- ing and enlarging. Many of those nearest the water works were put down several years ago, and are now too small to feed those lying beyond. The difficulty is greatest in the West Division, and to obviate it a plan has been for some time under discussion to construct a tunnel starting from the present water works on the The River Tunnels. 51 shore end of the tunnel, and running thence to a point in the West Division some where on the line of Union Park, with adequate pumping works, mains and dis- tributing pipes diverging to every part of that division of the city. THE RIVER TUNNELS. ONE of the greatest curiosities to strangers visiting the city, is that gigantic undertaking in engineering science, the great pioneer sub-marine tunnel of the western hemisphere. The large number of vessels entering the port of Chicago, requiring the opening of bridges during the season of navigation every few minutes, greatly impeded the long lines of vehicles and pedestrians constantly passing over. The demand for a more eligible means of communication with the sev- eral divisions of the city became a necessity. A great public necessity in Chicago can never be long experi- perienced; the people will have a remedy, regardless of cost. On the 28th of October, 1864, the original ordinance for the construction of a tunnel under the Chicago river was passed by the city council. At this time the real magnitude of the undertaking was scarcely appre- ciated, and much valuable time was spent in discussing and considering the means and the location. It was at length determined to tax the entire city for the means, and Washington street was fixed on for the location and bids for the work advertised for. On the 27th of July, 1866 nearly three years after the passage of the original ordinance ground was broken on Washington street for the tunnel, by Messrs. Stewart, Ludlam 02,799 Total U. S. AT 1,0^,855,715 1,811,246 1,885,861,676 Percent 2.6 4 4.16 It is significant of the energies of a new country, that 4 per cent, of the workers in the United States occupied the New West in 1860, while it contained less than 3 per cent, of the population. There were few or no idlers, and are few now a fact which speaks volumes for its future. The number of workers has about doubled within the past nine years, and it is safe to assume that the capital actually employed has more than trebled within the same period, irrespective of the increased value of land. BANKS. The following shows the number, capital, and circu- lation, in September, 1868, of the National Banks west 5 66 The New West. of the Missouri, except for California, which has no National Banks. That State has a total of thirty-four private bankers, and the State Bank has a capital of $5,000,000. No. Kansas ............................. 5 Kebraska .......................... 4 Colorado .......................... 3 Nevada ............................ 1 Oregon ............................ 1 Utah .............................. 1 Montana ......................... 1 Idaho .............................. 1 Capital. $4',K),000 85*1,000 8T>0,000 155,000 100,000 150,000 100,0'K) 100,000 Circulation. $351,000 170,000 254,. ! XM> 131,700 88,500 135,500 86,000 63000 Totals... .... 17 Total for United States ............. 1,629 Percent .......................... 1 $1,705,000 $1,283,700 426,189,111 809,915,166 0.4 0.4 The following was the estimated yield of the precious metals in 1868 : California ............................................... $20,000,000 Nevada ................................................ IS.iOO.OOO Montana ................................................ 12,000,000 Idaho .................................................. 6,000,000 Oregon ................................................. 5,000,00(1 Colorado ........ ....................................... 4.000, Oool Washington ............................................. 1 ,000,000* Arizona _____ .......................................... 250,000 N"t Mexico ............................................. 250,000 Total .................. . ............................ $66,500,000 The annual yield is equal to about 20^ per cent, of the entire banking circulation of the Union, or sufficient to redeem it all in the course of less than five years, even in its present ratio. Estimating the total value as equal only to ten years' product, it gives a specie basis of $540 for every dollar of paper confided to the care of the people of the New West. But this yield will be largely increased as the facilities for transport- ing men and machinery are opened up by the Pacific Railroad. It is safe to estimate that the above tabu- lated annual yield of gold and silver will be doubled within the next four years. Nebraska increased her corn area last year by 16,145 acres, or about twenty-five per cent. Kansas showed a similar increase of 63,411 acres, or thirty per cent. ; The New West. 67 while Iowa added to her corn area 336,682 acres, or fif- teen per cent. VOTES The States and Territories west of the Missouri gave last year a total of 173,202 votes, as follows : Kansas, 11,698; Idaho, 5,320; California, 108,670; Oregon, 22,086; Arizona, 2,093; Nebraska, 15,168; Colorado, 8,167. This was but about one vote to every 11^ squares miles of territory. PRODUCTIONS. The following are a few of the leading statistics of the productive and commercial industries of California in 1868 : Cocoons of ailk (from 1,175,000 trees) 1,350,000 Eggs silk worms, do 1,350 Vintage, gnllons 8,500,000 Vintage brandy, gallons 800,000 Vessels built 57 Tonn age 7, 604 Passengers to and from Asia 10,095 Freights to and from Asia, ton* 18,295 Deposits in (8) savings b^nks $23,000,000 Increase by emigration, persons 85,000 Boots and shoes imported, packages 68,709 Domestic lumber, feet 197,672,000 Candles imported, boxes 264,589 Cigars imported, cases . 445 Coal imported, anthracite, tons 29,592 English coal imported, tons 29.561 Australian coal imported, tons 27,000 Pig iron imported, tons 16,659 Iron, bars 314,68* Flour exported, brls 461,868 Wheat exported, bu 4,099,115 TALC! OF MBRCHAMDISE EXPORTS. ToNewYork $8,541,976 To Great Britain 4,568,747 To Mexico 1,708,451 To South America 680,822 To Hawaiian Islands 808,746 To China 1,161,020 To British Columbia 918,589 To Japan 491,105 To Australia 1,035,835 To other countries 1,198,100 Totall868 $22, S Total 1867 22,4(55; 908 Total 1S66 17,808,018 Total. Treas. 68 The New West. Treasure Exports, 1868 .................... $35,444,895 $58,387,775 " " 187 .................... 4l,67,792 64,142,6'?5 1866 .................... 44,864,394 61,667,411 Receipts of customs ...................................... 8,557,081 Receipts of customs, 1767 ............................... 7,611,958 Coinage 1868 ............................................ 17,^65.noO Vessels, arrived, 8,253 : tonnage .......................... 1,085,016 Sales for fiscal pear 1867-8 ............................... $10.529,930 Commercial brokers' do ................................. 6,^38,300 Wholesale dealers ........................................ 18S,4S3,24 With an average daily attendance of 17,658.1 The percentage of punctual attendance being 96.4 The ratio of all belonging in all the schools to the number of school age being .286 The average number of pupils to a teacher being in Hi^h School 32.4 Grammar Schools 47.0 Prim ry Schools 51.0 During the year there were : Suspensions for absence 2,946 Suspensions for misconduct 3,921 6,237 Cost per scholar for tuition upon average daily attendance $15.71 Cost per scholar for incidentals 4.18 Cost per scholar for his share of valuation of school prop- erty 8.95 Annual cost per scholar $28.84 Present number of seats in public schools 20,037 Number of pupils enrolled 20,879 Number awaiting seats l,f>90 Number of private schools in school districts 118 With pupils Catholic 10,178 Scandinavian and German 8,457 Israelitish ; 303 Other schools 8,780 17,718 Total receipts for fiscal year 1867 School tax $387,486.99 State fund 6,97.M Rentsand interest 40,681.95 485,077.45 School construction bonds 298, 158.76 Total receipts $738,235.81 Total expenditures From school tax fund $-349,145.25 From school building fund 297, 198.05 646.34S.80 Balance of school fund on hand April, 1868 $130,159.61 The salaries of teacher* amounted to 277,203.85 80 Literary and Scientific, Institutions. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. THERE is every reason to believe that very soon the purely literary and scientific institutions of Chicago will be as conspicuous as is now its marvelous material growth. The centre of the commerce of the Mississippi Valley, and destined soon to control the wonderful mineral resources of the Far West, Chicago's higher mis- sion is undoubtedly to become a centre of culture and refinement for the whole land. Indeed many of the most prominent merchants and capitalists of the city are already turning their thoughts towards the found- ing of such institutions as shall carry their names down to the latest posterity as wise and liberal promoters of the arts and sciences. Among the more prominent of these is THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, located at No. 263 Wabash avenue, was established in 1857, and the formation of a Museum was then com- menced, the labor of collecting being principally per- formed under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institute, by Major Robert Kennicott, who died in the early part of I860, while engaged in an exploration of the then Hussian America, since purchased by the United States. In 1865, Professor Agassiz being then delivering a course of lectures in Chicago, the occasion was seized upon to give a little more vitality to the institution, and funds were raised by the issuing of Life memberships of $500 each. The collections of the Society were removed to rooms in the Metropolitan Block, and there arranged pending the erection of the new building, now occupied by the Academy at No. 268 Wabash avenue, near Van Buren street. In 1866 the Metropolitan Block was burned, and the collections of the academy injured by fire, over eighteen thousand specimens being burned. Literary and Scientific Institutions. 81 The new building, costing about $40,000, is 55 feet by 50, fire proof, and very strongly built, though plain in external appearance, as it will eventually form only an adjunct to a larger and finer building to be erected on the front of the lot, which is owned by the academy. The first two stories contain the library, work rooms, offices, etc., while the upper story forms the museum, which is twenty-eight feet high, and surrounded by two galleries. Dr. William Stimpson is secretary. THE CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY Is located on the corner of Ontario and North Dear- born streets. It was organized in 1856 with nineteen members, and chartered in the following year, occupy- ing rooms in the Newberry block, on the corner of Wells and Kinzie streets. Under the management of Rev. Wm. Barry, the indefatigable secretary, the society amassed a rare collection of old books and manuscripts, with numerous valuable specimens, and incited to much original research into the natural and ethnological his- tory of the northwest. The collection now numbers about 100,000 items, including 15,000 bound volumes ; the society consists of about sixty active members ; T. H. Armstrong secretary. A fire-proof building designed as a wing of a future edifice was erected in 1868 at a cost of about $35,000. The cost of the entire building when finished will be about $200,000. The building will have a frontage of one hundred and twenty feet on Ontario street, and one hundred and thirty-two feet on Dearborn, and will be sixty-six feet high from the side- walk, besides a basement nine and one-half feet high. The first story will be eighteen feet high, and will con- tain a large entrance hall, a reading room, lecture room, office, museum, and binding and store-room. An open court will extend the whole height of the building, and be covered by a glass roof. This court will be 36x24 feet, and will be finished with smooth walls and marble floor, and is intended for the exhibition of statuary and other works of art. 82 Libraries. THE CHICAGO LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, Formerly the Young Men's Library, is in the hall on the corner of Randolph and LaSalle streets, generally known as Metropolitan Hall. The association derives its income from the annual fees of membership and proceeds of lectures. A movement is now progressing to accumulate a building fund for the erection of a suitable edifice which shall supply the present and future needs of the Association. In the rooms of the library may be found the latest files of all home and foreign newspapers and periodicals of merit. UNION CATHOLIC LIBRARY ASSOCIATION Is located at No. 122 LaSalle street. It was organ- ized in 1868 by a few public spirited gentlemen, and is now in a very flourishing condition. It has a very excellently appointed reading room, and a well selected library of choice works, to which additions are being constantly made. IRISH LITERARY ASSOCIATION. This association meets in Blake's building, oh Wash- ington, near the corner of Wells street. It is yet in its infai'Cy, having been organized in March, 1869. It is established on broad and liberal principles, independent of creed and sect, for the mutual, social, and literary advancement of its members. LIBRARIES. Chicago in her rapid advancement in material pro- gress, has not altogether overlooked the advantages to be derived from well selected libraries. There are in the city many of the most valuable and extensive pri- vate collections in the country. Amongst the public libraries, that of the Law Institute is probably the most Telegraph and Express Companies. 83 valuable. The libraries of her institutions of learning keep equal pace with their prosperity. That of the Historical Society is a very extensive collection. The next in prominence and value is that collected by the Young Men's Association, in Library Hall, corner of LaSalTe and Randolph streets, now the Chicago Library Association. The following is a list of the Public Libraries in the City: LIBRARIES AND READING ROOMS. Chicago Historical Society, Ontario, between Clark and Dearborn streets. Chicago Law Institute, Third floor of Court House. Free Library, N. Reuben st, near W. Chicago Ave. Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Halsted street, ich Mr. Russell is 1 the sole manufacturer and dealer. The baskets are of four different styles, known respectively as "grain," " market,'' " laundry," and " feed." There are six sizes of the first, nine of the second, three of the third, and five of the last. 158 Home Manufactures. The splints and ribs, or standards, are made mostly of elm lumber, and are manufactured by a newly patented machine, by which all the materials are planed smooth. Judging from what we saw of them, there is no basket known to the trade which, for neatness, strength, and durability, as well as for excellence of workmanship, surpasses those made by Mr. Russell. We can see no good reason why our Western dealers should send hundreds of miles to the East for articles in this line, which are inferior in quality, and superior only in the altitude of their prices, when their orders can be supplied here in any quantity, and at the short- est possible notice. We advise our Chicago and other Western woodenware men to investigate this matter, and see whether there is not here a chance for them to secure larger profits for themselves and better satisfac- tion to their customers. We conclude this short and imperfect sketch of one of the leading manufacturing establishments or rather combination of establishments of Chicago by giving a few figures, which indicate the extent of the business done. There are employed by Mr. "Russell 200 hands, to whom is paid weekly over $3,000. The capital invested in buildings, stock, and machinery is $225,000, and last year's sales amounted to a million of dollars. FURNITURE. For over fifteen years past the firm of A. L. Hale & Brother have been engaged in business in this city, as manufacturers and importers of, and dealers in, Furniture. The gentlemen composing the firm are well known, active and enterprising men, who, by steadfast devotion and untiring effort, have built up a very large and lucrative trade, so that they now take rank among the principal Furniture dealers of Chicago and the Northwest. They now occupy the whole of the large building numbered 10, 12, 14 and 16 on North Canal street, with their Factory and Warerooms. The structure is five stories in height, and has a frontage of 80 feet, with a rear extension of 160 feet. They formerly used but a Home Manufactures. 159 FIELD, LEITER & GO'S ESTABLISHMENT. 160 Home Manufactures. portion of the building, but have recently been com- pelled by the increase of their business to take more room. The various floors up to the fifth, exclusive of the space occupied tor office purposes, are filled with an immense stock, embracing all the varieties known to the trade, from the cheapest and plainest, suited to fur- nish the humble cabin of the pioneer to the most luxurious and costly for the adornment of the palatial residences of our Upper Ten. We doubt if any where in this country, outside of New York city, there can be seen such an extensive and varied assortment of goods in this line. As an example of the magnitude of the business here carried on, we noted one lot of bedsteads numbering 16,000. Other articles seemed to be in like grand proportions. Every thing about the establishment is very con- veniently arranged for the facilitation of business. A Steam Elevator is soon to be put in to aid in the hand- ling of stock, and numerous other improvements, demanded by the growing trade, are in contemplation. We may suggest, by wav of inducing persons to visit Hale & Bro's., that their location on the West Side, the domain of comparatively low rents, enables them to give to their customers advantages in the matter of prices that are hardly possible upon this side of the river. THE WHOLESALE TRADE of Chicago has experienced a truly wonderful growth during the past six years, since the establishment of the national banking system has freed our merchants from the degraded condition of the old Western currency. THE GROCERY TRADE is of great magnitude. There are over eighty firms engaged exclusively in the whole- sale branch of this business, whose sal ee aggregated last year forty millions of dollars. THE DRY GOODS TRADE is about equal In amount to the grocery. There are about forty firms engaged in the wholesale branch, whose sales annually foot up between forty and fifty millions; two of whom, last year, exceeded seven million dollars each. Home Manufactures. 161 THE WHOLESALE BOOT AND SHOE TRADE.- In the city of Chicago there are engaged in the wholesale manufacture of boots and shoes, some twenty-five houses, whose annual business, as manufacturers alone, amounts to over $2,000,000. This great industry, great not so much for what it now is as for what it promises to be in the future has been built up within the past twenty years, and in the face of a most vigorous, and at first, apparently ruinous competition with old and well- established Eastern factories, possessed of all the ad- vantages that long experience, abundance of labor- saving machinery and skilled workmen, together with large capital, could give. Now the wholesa'e boot and shoe manufacture is one of the fixed facts of Chicago. The business is estab- lished upon a sure basis, and is beyond the reach of Eastern competition, for the reason that everywhere in the Westorn market it is well known that Chicago- made boots and shoes are far superior, both in material and workmanship, to those made elsewhere. There is no Chicago house deserving of more honor for the achievement of these results, than that of Dog- gett, Bassett & Hills. The original of the present firm was established in 1846, under the name of Ward & Dog- gett, and was the first to engage in the wholesale boot and shoe trade in the city. Some four years later, they began to manufacture, and were the pioneers in this also. Messrs. Bassett and Hills having been admitted to the firm, it continued to prosper until 1857, when Mr. Ward died, and the business was continued under the present firm name. That first year's business, away back in 1846, amounted to about $10,000, and was thought to be a good trade. So it was for the time. That was the " day of small things' 1 with Chicago. Our thorough- fares were then " no thoroughfares, save by the grace of the clerk of the weather, and that despotic character was not gracious for more than one-third of the year. Our entire population at that remote day was only 14,000, and the'radius of our trade hardly extended a hundred miles in any direction. The city of LaSalle, now of a population of perhaps 7,000, was then one of 11 162 Home Manufactures. our formidable rivals ; and there are now in that forlorn looking settlement dozens of owners of lots and blocks, who invested and located there in preference to Chicago, well satisfied that that would be the metropolis, and Chicago probably a thriving town. Verily, things have changed since then. Chicago has become the home of 300,000 souls, and her wealth, busi- ness and influence exhibit a proportionate increase. The men who then staked their fortunes on the future of this city, have grown with its growth, and prospered with its prosperity. Among the more prominent of these, are the gentlemen composing the firm of which we write. They had faith, and, coupled with it, energy, perseverance and integrity. They behold the fruits thereof in a business amounting to some $2,000,000 annually, extending throughout the West and North- west, requiring, for its conduct, a small army of work- men, clerks, and other employees, and occupying all the floors of the magnificent building located at Nos. 29 and 31 Lake street, and 36 and 38 Wabash avenue. Mr. Bassett, of the firm, resides at Boston, where, some years ago, an office was opened in connection with the establishment in this city. Mr. B. is therefore personally present in the Eastern market, prepared to take advantage of the fluctuations, and able, with the abundant means at his command, to buy when stock is cheapest. The benefit thus derived to the house is one which it is well disposed to share with its patrons, selling to them at a reasonable advance upon a very moderate cost. Doggett, Bassett & Hills are not only enterprising and able men in their own proper business, but they are among the leading citizens in Chicago. There are few enterprises of importance which have been set on foot in our city, within the last ten years, in which one or other of the partners, or the house itself, has not invested some capital! And better still, there are fewer of our noble public and private charities which have not been materially assisted by these same gentlemen. The united sales in this business now exceeds fifteen millions. The number of Eastern shoes sold in this Home Manufactures. 163 market annually decreasing in the ratio of the capacity of our home manufacture to supply the demand. The manufactories of Chicago are very considerable, taking into account that it is only within a very few years that the attention of enterprising men of sufficient capital has been directed to building up a manufactur- ing system commensurate with the requirements of even our present needs. Still, however, a noble be- ginning has been made, and the returns of last year exhibit over one thousand manufactories of every description, employing a capital of nearly $30,000,000, the estimated value of whose products foot up $70,000,000. CHICAGO no longer depends upon the New York and Boston Brokers for her supply of teas. The great East India Tea Company, whose elegantly appointed stores are located at No. 110 Clark Street and 83 State Street, through their resident agents in China and Japan, select the very best quality of the new crops for this market, and ship direct to Chicago. The enterprise and spirit of this Company was notably exemplified recently ; in their desire to have the honor of being the first direct importers from beyond the Pacific, their first cargo of teas, by the new route across the Conti- nent, was carried, by teams, a distance of twenty miles, to connect by railway, and landed in Chicago several weeks ahead of the final completion of the railroad. They are enabled to sell these choice teas at New York cash prices. THE FIRST establishment for the manufacture of wall paper was started by Messrs. M. A. Ho well, Jr., & Co., whose extensive warerooms are located at Nos. 117 and 119 State street. This firm, whose print works are at Marseilles, in this State, confine themselves exclusively to a wholesale trade, and their productions, on inspec- tion, will be found to embrace the whole range of wall papers and window shades, from the cheapest and plainest to the most costly and elaborate designs and patterns, equal to any imported from England or France. 164 Home Manufactures. CALIFORNIA WINES. The cultivation of the grape on this continent, after many experiments and some discouragements has become a successful and highly profitable business, and now whole sections of the Pacific coast are given up to the culture of the vine. Until very recently the prejudice against native wines was very great, fashion and custom decreeing that none but imported wines were worth drinking. But now the nicest connoiseurs confess, that the California wines, in purity and delicacy of flavor, exceed any of the so-called imported wines in the market. Messrs. Perkins, Stern & Co., the founders of the wine trade in California, and owners of many extensive vineyards, have a branch house in Chicago, at Nos. 34 and 36 La Salle street. They sell nothing but the pure, genuine wines, and from their facilities tor securing the choicest products of the State, are enabled to offer superior in- ducements to parties purchasing at wholesale. GENT'S FURNISHING HOUSE. One of the most ele- gant and complete gents' furnishing establishments in the country is the well known house of J. H. O'Brien, at No. 88 Dearborn street. His stock is always com- plete in every department in his line of goods. His many years experience in the business and large capi- tal enables him to command the markets of the East, and import his own Irish linens and French lawns. All the materials used are purchased for cash, and manufactured under his own personal supervision, so that any person studying economy may safely rely upon the prices asked being as moderate as any New York house. In the manufacture of shirts Mr. O'Brien has attained a deserved eminence. Having devoted many years to the study of this, he has reduced it almost to a science, well knowing that no gentleman is really dressed with- out a well fitting shirt. In under-wear, neck-ties, sus- penders, shoulder braces, socks, handkerchiefs, and all the numerous articles which go to make up the necessities of a gentleman's toilet of the day his stock will be found unsurpassed in variety, quality, price, and fashion in Paris, London, or elsewhere. It Suburban Villages. 165 has been, for years, his ambition to build up an estab- lishment worthy of Chicago ; that as she excels in most things, she shall not be distanced by any city in his line of business. That he has succeeded his fellow citizens well know and appreciate, and strangers will have no reason to go elsewhere to be perfectly suited. SUBUKBAN VILLAGES. THE marvelous advances which our city has made in the extent of dimensions has only been characteristic of its rapidity in the growth of business, and every suburban town established is the living evidence of the city's material prosperity, and the citizen's love of home, comfort, and pleasure. W e notice with feelings of pleasure and pride the establishment of towns, vil- lages nay, almost cities, near this the Metropolis of the West all the best proof of the prosperity, inde- pendence, and comfort of our people. Already Chi- cago has established on every side save only where the lake marks her border homes for her business men. RAVENSWOOD. Such is the pretty and attractive name chosen for one of the healthiest and most attractive of the subur- ban villages. Ravenswood is situated five and one half miles from the Court House, on the line of the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, twenty minutes ride from the depot, and is supplied with fourteen passenger trains daily. The land is eighteen feet above the level of the North Branch, capable of thorough drainage, and is beauti- fully diversified with oak groves and evergreens, the latter being plentifully supplied by the company who offer the property for sale. The tract of ground composing the possessions of the company includes about two hundred and fifty acres of rich, fertile, and easily cultivated soil, formerly well known to the lovers of country attractions as the site 166 Suburban Villages. of Wood's Nursery. Here, we may note, that although little notice has been publicly made of this most attrac- tive site, the gentlemen owning the land and intended residents are among the most prominent and influential of our citizens, and the assured evidences of its future growth have been so far developed, that already a post office has been established, and the railway has marked Ravenswood among its regular halting places. We can give no better guarantee of the character and selectness of the enterprise than by mentioning the names of the original projectors. These are Messrs. John M. Wilson, C. T. Bowen, L. A. Willard, C. P. Leland, J. H. Kedzie, L. L. Greenleaf, Merrill Ladd, L. Hodges, and others. These gentlemen, with a view of establishing a worthy suburban home, combining the pleasures and comforts of country life with ready access to city business, became the purchasers of this really beautiful site. Nearly all of them have reserved for themselves elegant, lots, as the seats of homes soon to be established. The officers of the company are Daniel A. Jones, President; L. L. Greenleaf, Vice President ; J. H. Kedzie and C. T. Bowen, Trustees. The town is most beautifully laid off, intersected by avenues eighty feet in width, and alleys of twenty feet width. Groves of beautiful foliage adorn the premises, as a natural growth, and cultivation has added most abundantly to the inviting spot. The ready accessi- bility to Ravenswood constitutes one of its not least inviting features. In addition to the railway commu- nication, the "dummy "on the North Chicago City railroad runs very near the site. On the west of the tract, and very near the same, is Lincoln avenue, a thoroughly well graded road, and very near, on the east, is the Green Bay road. From Lincoln Park to Ravenswood, on the Green Bay road, is an inviting drive. The village of Ravenswood is already laid off into lots of fifty feet frontage, with a depth of 160 to 170 feet, with, as has been said, streets of eighty feet width and alleys of twenty feet width, intersecting. Each lot is tastefully adorned with trees, evergreens, and shub- bery, and no lot will be sold unless the purchaser con- Suburban Villages. 167 sents to such adornment and culture. In the center of the tract, and hiding the railway track from obtrusive seeming, is Ravens wood Park, on either side of which are most beautiful and elegant evergreens of gigantic growth. Broad avenues extend in either direction through the village, leading from Lincoln avenue to the Green Bay road, or to the u dummy " on the street railway, each street being lined with trees and ever- greens. Every purchaser of a lot is furnished by the company with trees ornamental, and fruit trees and shrubbery, for the adornment of the grounds, and to insure the pleasures of a country home. The company have about fifty thousand evergreen trees in the ground, and are now ready to dispose of the surplus quantity. Messrs. Hodges and Van Allen, real estate agents, No. 152 Madison street, are the agents for the sale of the property, Mr. Hodges beina: the actual manager of the company. An inspection of the grounds will amply repay a visit. WASHINGTON HEIGHTS. Among the many suburban places around Chicago there is no one more attractive than the new one just laid out on the north end of what is known as Blue Island, a well timbered ridge of the highest elevation of any land within twenty miles of Chicago. This new place is called Washington Heights, and is at the junction (or near it) of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, and the Chicago, Columbus, and Indiana Cen- tral railroads. The Rock Island road managers are now grading another road right through the heart of this tract ofland, on which they are going to run their dummy train immediately, which will leave the depot of the R;)ck Island road, on Van Buren, opposite La Salle street, every hour of the day, and will make the fastest time of any accommodation train out of Chicago, making the timu from Chicago to Washington Heights in thirty-five minutos. Eleg.int cars are already made, on purpose to accommodate the rural loving public on this route, and will be placed on the road as soon as the dummy track is ready. The fare will be lower 168 Suburban than on any other road running out of the city. The Chicago, Columbus, and Indiana Central road are already running* a dummy tw and past Washington Heights three times each day, at a fare of seventeen cents for commutation tickets, besides all the retrulnr passenger and freight trains stop at the crossing of the above roads, right in the center of this tract of land, and the fare has recentty been reduced to a low figure on all the trains. These facilities for getting in and out of the city at all hours of the day and night, together with the high and beautiful wooded land which commands a fine view of the city and Lake Michigan, will make Washington Heights one of our most attractive suburbs. The facilities for getting there by carriage are also fine, as Halsted street is already graveled within one mile of the place, and will, with the old Vincennes road, in which Halsted street terminates, be graveled to Washington Heights the coming season. The company owning this new place is called the Blue Island Land and Building company, and received their charter the past winter. The officers are: F. H. Winston, Esq., President, and Ueorge D. Walker, Esq., Secretary and Treasurer. Among the principal stock- holders are Hon. John F. Tracy, President Rock Island railroad ; F. H. Winston, Esq., Attorney for said road ; Charles H. Walker, Esq. ; John B. Lyon, Esq. ; Thos. 8. Dobbins, Esq. ; L. P. Hilliard, Esq. ; Charles W. Weston, Esq. ; Charles H. Hopkinson, Esq , and Jas. Millikm, Esq., banker, of Decatur, 111. Messrs. Clarke, Layton & Co. are the business managers. Fine grounds are now being fitted up for picnic par- ties, free of cost to the public, and accommodations by railroad for the same can be had at any time. Beauti- ful wide avenues are now being constructed by the company, and the tract is being artistically laid off in five and ten acre lots, by Col. J. F. Foster, engineer and landscape surveyor. ENQLEWOOD. Englewood continues to attract the attention of real estate dealers and business men in this city generally. Suburban Villages. 169 There are three reasons for this, the main one being that Englewood is naturally a delightful residence spot, surrounded by beautiful groves, just the place for the man of business to build his residence, where he may enjoy the pleasures of country surroundings, fresh air, shady groves, green grass for his children, and ground for flower? and gardens in fact, a place in which to build a perfect rus in urbe at a distance of only six miles from the city. And this last is the second reason for the popularity of Englewood. It is only half an hour from the business centre of the city, by any one of three roads, and its facilities of communication are being increased every day. The third reason is, the inhabitants of the place are enterprising, live men, who are determined to do all they can to second nature in making Englewood an agreeable and comfortable resi- dence. They are gathering around them institutions of learning of the very highest class, and otherwise leaving no stone unturned to attract residents to their village. A very valuable tract of land, situated in this enter- prising suburb, has recently been put on the market by Mr. J. P. White, of No. 152 Madison street. This tract consists of thirty-five acres, is known as the Dickey tract, having formerly been the property of Judge' Dickey, and is designated as the east thirty-five acres of the north seventy acres of the northwest quarter of section 21, town 39, range 14 east. It is three blocks west of the Rock Island, Michigan South- ern, and Fort Wayne railroads, just west of the Female College, and three blocks north of the Normal School tract, comprising the northeast quarter of the tract marked on the map as Linden Grove. The lots are among the finest effered any where in the neighbor- hood of Chicago. Liberal inducements will be offered to persons desirous of obtaining permanent building sites. HYDE PARK. THE village of Hyde Park is the oldest of the sub- urban villages of Chicago, having been laid out in 1853. It now contains a population of about 2,000 in- 170 Suburban Villages. habitants. It is about six miles south from the Court House, on the lake shore, and is reached by the Illinois Central Railroad, trains running every hour from the depot, foot of Lake street. Its contiguity to the city, and facility of access, has made Hyde Park the favor- ite suburb of Chicago. In 1856 Mr. Paul Cornell erec- ted a handsome and spacious hotel, which is conducted in every respect equal to the first hotel in the city. During the summer time this is a favorite resort, and Hyde Park is fast becoming to Chicago what Nahant is to Boston. There are m my very elegant residences erected here, and the gardens and grounds exhibit the taste of a refined and cultivated community. There are several churches, and both public and private schools, The South-side Park and Boulevards will add considerably to the attractions of Hyde Park, and very materially advance the value of real estate. W. H. Hoyt & Sou, of this city, will furnish every infor- mation with regard to real estate in Hyde Park. THE VILLAGE OF JEFFERSON. THIS little town, comparatively unknown as yet, is destined to become one of the finest in the vicinity of Chicago, situated only eight miles from the Court House, and two miles from the city limit, on the North- western Railroad. Trains pass this station almost every hour. Tuis point is the terminus of a number of roads, centering here from the surrounding rich and delightful country; one of these running in a due line eastward directly to the Lake, a distance of about three miles. Milwaukee avenue, one of the finest drives leading out of Chicago, also passes through this town. Along the avenue there are many fine country resi- dences, surrounded by beautiful gardens, filled in their season with every kind of fruit, flowers, evergreens, and every thing that the eye delights to feast upon, making this one of the most pleasing drives out of Chicago. The village is located upon ground far above the Lake, thereby rendering it an exception to most of the suburban towns in the vicinity of Chicago. Of late several gentlemen, having had their attention Suburban Villages. 171 called to these superior natural advantages, have made investments here, with the view to greatly improve the the town, and render it one of the choicest and most desirable places for country residence, especially so for the laboring men of Chicago. The number of trains, reduction of the fare, cheapness of rents, and the low- price at which lots can be bought, must soon bring the town into general notice. Churches of different denom- inations are already planted here, schools established, with the necessary hotels and stores, thereby affording every necessary convenience. There is not a laboring man in Chicago who is not able to secure a home in this most delightful village and pay for it out of his daily wages in a short time. Would it not be wise, then, for all these parties to duly consider this question before the speculative spirit of Chicago has monopolized these now golden oppor- tunities. Further inquiries will be answered by inquirinfi of Graham, Perry & Co., Room 8 Major Block, corner LaSalle and Madison streets. EVANSTON Is a delightful and prosperous town situated on the Milwaukee branch of the Northwestern railroad, twelve miles from the city. It was originally laid out by Dr. Evans, now Governor of Colorada. 'It is the seat of several eminent institutions of learning, among others the Northwestern Methodist Episcopal University, the Garrett Biblical Institute, and several schools and sem- inaries of excellent repute. Many of the leading and wealthy citizens of Chicago have built elegant man- sions, and here reside with their families. Situated on a high ridge, commanding a magnificent view of the lake and surrounding country, no more desirable place can be selected for a suburban home. The social intercourse is refined and high toned, and the educa- tional advantages unequaled. Some choice lots can still be secured. James M. Kerr & Son, Morrison block, on Clark street, real estate dealers, will furnish every information to parties desiring to locate in this beautiful suburb. CLASSIFIED LIST or FIRST-CLASS BUSINESS HOUSES IN CHICAGO. IN the following list we present the names of none but first-class houses in their respective lines of busi- ness. The stranger visiting the city may rely with implicit confidence upon the representations made to him by any of the houses embraced in the list. The figures in the last column indicate the page upon wnich the card of the house is printed in this book. Academy. Christian Brothers, 99 Van Buren street 74 Adding Machine. Waite, Charles, Jr., 94 Washington street 8 Architect*. Boyington, W. W., Washington, N. W. cor. Dearborn street . ... 146 Winchell, John K., 129 Dearborn street 206 Art Galleries. Carbutt, John, 24 Washington street 209 Hovey and Heffron , 58 and 55 State street 145 O'Brien, M.. 51 State street 147 Mclntyre, Peck & Co., 136 State street 8, 151 Opera House, Washington, near State street 203 Attorneys at Law. Glyini A Gilbert, 8 Tribune Building 206 Awnings, Tents, Tarpaulins, Etc. Gilbert Hubbard & Co. , 205 and 207 S. Water street 181 Baking Powders. Royal Baking Powder Co., Agency 185 S. Water street 193 Banks and Bankers. First National Bank, State, S. W. cor. Washington street 108 Greenelmura, Henry A Co., Lake, S. W. cor. La Salle street 184 Hibernian Banking Association. Lake, S. W. cor. Clark 18* National Loan and Trust Co., La Salle, cor. Washington street.. 184 Smith, George C. & Bro., La Salle, cor. Washington street 184 The Marine Company of Chicago, Lake, cor. La Salle struct 185 174 Business Houses. VanDeursen, W. P. A Co,. 106 La Salle street 182 Window, Ferd. S., 2 S. Clark street 186 Boot and Shoe Manufacturers. Dogpett, Bassett tt Hills, 29 and 81 Lake st. and 86 and 88 Wabash av 161, 180 Breioeries. Sands' Ale Brewing Co. , Pearson , cor. Pine St 194 California Wines. Perkins, Stern & Co,84and86La Salle street 190 Clothing. Belding, G. T., 96 and 98 Randolph 2W Commission Merchants. Scanlan A Fitzgibbon, (General) 191 S. Water street 204 Sturges, McAllister & Co., (Wooien and Cotton Goods) 80 and 82 Wabash av 216 Confectionery Manufacturers. Page, M. E. 4 Co. , 24 Michigan ar 203 Scanlan Bros. A Colburn, 78 SHate street 204 Dry Good*, Wholesale. Farwell, John V. A Co., 42, 44 and 46 Wabash avenue 221 Field, Palmer & Leiter, Stnte, N. E. cor. Washington street 159 Bowen, Whitman & Winslow 219 Druggists, Wholesale. Dwyer. E. P. A Co., 92 and 94 Lake street 18 Lord A Smith 217 Engravers on Wood. Maas A Mantz, Reynolds' Block 208 European Freight Express. Webster's Express, Chamber of Commerce 187 European Passage Offices. Green cbaum, H. A Co., La Salie, cor. Lake street 184 Hibernian Banking Association, Lake, S. W. cor. Clark street.... 188 Rowe, S., Adams House, Lake, N. W. cor. Michigan avenue 190 Winslow, Ferd. S.,28. Clark street 186 Fancy Groceries. Scanlan Bros. A Colburn, 73 State street 204 Fine Art Goods. Mclntyre, Peck A Co., 186 State street 8 O'Brien, M., 51 State street 147 Fire Extinguisher. Northwestern Fire Extinguisher Co., 122 Washington street 207 Foreign Exchange Dealers. Greenebauro, Henry A Co., Lake, cor. Lasalle street 184 National Loan A Trust Co., La Salle, cor. Washington street 184 The Marine Company of Chicago, Lake, cor. La Salle street 185 Winslow, Ferd. S.,28. Clark street 186 business Houses. 175 Freight Agents. Walsh, J. & Co., Chamber of Commerce 187 Gents' Furnishing Good*. WHkowsky. D. Sr. , 64 and 6( Randolph and 66, 69 and TO State at. 181 Growers, Wholesale, Doane, J. W. A Co., 49 and 51 Michigan avenue 198 Hardware, General and Building. Wayne, J. L. & Son, 190 Lake street 203 Hats, Caps and Furs. Keith Brothers 218 Hotel*. Briggs House, Randolph, cor. Wells street 138 Laclede Hotel, W Madison, cor. Canal street 198 Tremont House, Dearborn and Lake streets 137 India, Pale Ale and Lager- Beer Brewers. Sands' Ale Brewing Co., Pears >n, cor. Pine street 196 Insurance Companies. Commercial Insurance Company, Ifi2 Washington street Ill Home Insurance Company, Pope's Block 11!) Merchants Insurance Company, La Salle, cor. Washington st.105, 110 Putnam Life Insurance Company 115 Republic Insurance Company 117 Phoenii Insurance Company 118 Firemens Insurance Company, La Salle. cor. Washington street .. 114 Washington Life, La Salle, cor. Washington street 117 Labor Exchange. Hunter* Wood, 92 Randolph street 197 Medical Institutes. ' Chicago Hotel for Invalids, S. Clark, cor. Jackson street 99 Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary, Reynolds Block 100 Dr. Justin Hayes 98 Dr. Trine's Movement Cure, 13<> State street 195 Mf.rc.hant Taihrs fielding, G. T. & Co. , 96 and 98 Randolph street 200 Brown & Matthews, 93 Wabash avenue.. 180 Witkowsky, D., Sr., 64 and 66 Randolph, and 66, 68 and 70 State streets 214 Ocean Steamship Lines. Allan Line, (Ferd. S. Winslbw, Agent) 2 S. Clark street 186 Cunard Line, office Adams House, Lake st. cor. Michigan avenue. 190 National Steamship Line, 16 Chamber of Commerce 187 Paints. Oils and Glass. Dwyer, E. P. A Co., 92 and 94 Lake street 18 Parlor Billiard Tables. Mclntyre, Peck & Co., 186 State street 8 Pawnbrokers. Goldsmid, A. & Co.. 281 Clark street 216 176 Business Houses. Photograph Galleries. Carbutt's, 24 Washington street 209 Hall's, 122 Lake street 210 Piano Forle Dealer*. Sea, S. W. A Co., Portland Block 211 Planing MM. Russell, S. I., Fulton, near Jefferson street 155 Produce and Comminnion Merchant*. Bcanlan* Pitzgibbon, 191 S. Water street 204 Railway and Transportation Lines. Michigan Southern R. R., Ticket office under Sherman House; Depot, Van Buren, opposite La Sal! e street 183 Goodrich Line, Office, dock below Rush street bridge 195, 191 Union Pacific Railroad, 72 La Salle street 189 Real Estate Dealer*. Averill, J. A., 7 Metropolitan Block 215 Baird & Bradley, 90 La Salle street 6 Banker, Bros. & Greene, 181 La SaMe street Boyden, N. B. , 106 Madison street 206 Boyden & Grierson, 94 La Salle street 4 Bragg, P. A. & Co. , 12.1 Dearborn street 208 Burchell, J. E. & Co., 122 Washingt -n street 207 Chandler, J. B. , 125 Dearborn street . 208 Clark, Streeter & Co., 122 Washington street 7 Clarke, Layton A Co., 128 Washington street 2 De Loynes & Parent, 2 .Major Block Gaubert, C. H. A Co., 144 Madison street Givins A Gilbert, 8 Tribune Kuildin- 206 Graham, Perry A Co., Major Block 2:8 Higginson, G. M. . 7 Metropolitan Block 215 Hitt, Hardin A Hitt, 10 Tribune Building 206 Hodges A Van Allen, Major Block 107 Hubb.,rd A Jackson, 12! Dearborn street 215 Illinois Central R. R. Land Department, 53 Michigan avenue 223 Kerfoot.S. H. A Co., 71 Dearborn street 219 Kerfoot, W. D., 87 Washington street Back cover Kerr, J. M. A Son. Morrison Block 169 Kinzie Bros., 104 Madison street 8 Mann A Day, 17 Tribune Building 195 Norris, G. H. A Co., 128 Lake street . 211 Olinger, Waller A Co., 7 Union Building 8 Phare, W. H. A Co., 115 Dearborn street 12 Rice A Wad9w>rth, 87 Washington street -"'- Scoville A Harvey, 1 Metropolitan Block 220 Pnyder A Lee, 4 Metropolitan Block 5 White, J. P., 152 Madison street 168 Waite, Geo. W. A Son 9 Tribune Building 215 Warren A Goodrich, 125 Dearborn street 6 lteata.uraits. Collins A McGuire, 119 Dearborn street 139 Smith and Odlin, 81 Clark street 141 Business Houses. 177 Savings" Banks. Hibernian Banking Association, Lake, S. W. cor. Clark street.... 183 Merchant's, Farmer's and Mechanic's Bank, 13 Clark street 105 Scales and Balances. Fairbanks', 226 and 228 Lake street 211 Sampson Scale Co., Lake, N. W. cor. La Salle street 212 School Furniture. Andrews, A. II. & Co , 111 State street 18 Ship Chandlers. Gilbert Hubbard & Co. , 205 and 20T S. Water street 181 Tea and Coffee. Importer . East India Tea Company, 83 State and 116 Clark streets 163, 216 Theatre. Aiken's Dearborn Theatre . . 105 Ticket Offices. Rowe, 8., Adams House, Lake, cor. Michigan avenue 190 Tintypes and ferrotypes. Hall's Gallery, 122 Lake street 210 Transfer and Shipping Agent. Walsh, J. A Co., 16 Chamber of Commerce 198 Transportation Company. Goodrich Transportation Co., Office on Docks, below Rush street bridge 191, 193 Webster's European Freight Line, 16 Chamber of Commerce 187 Twines and Cordage. Gilbert Hubbard & Co., 205 and "207 S. Water street 181 Vinegar Manufacturers. Trussing, C. G. E., 339 and 341 State street. 193 Weigle, Fred., 189 and 191 S. Canal street 204 Wall Paper Manufacturers. Howell, M. A. Jr., & Co., 117 and 119 Wabash avenue 179 Watches and Jewelry. Tobin, B. F., 135 Clark street 169 Water and Gas Pipe Manufactories. Walworth, Twohig & Furse, 225 Lake street 195 Wines and Liquors. Mann, Shears & Co., 53 S. Water street 196 Myers, Sam'l & Co. , 268 and 270 Madison street 204 Woolen and Cotton Goods, Commission. Sturgis, McAllister & Co., 80 and 82 Wabash avenue 216 Wool Dealers, Commission. Sturgis, McAllister & Co. , 80 and 82 Wabash avenue 216 Wrought Iron and Brass Tubing, etc. Walworth, Twohig A Furse, 225 Lake street 159 C. H. GAUBERT & Co., REAL ESTATE AND LOAN AGENTS, Room i, Stone's Building, 144 Madison Street^ CHICAGO, ILLS. HOUSES AND LOTS BOUGHT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION. LOANS NEGOTIATED. HOUSES RENTED. RENTS COLLECTED. TAXES PAID FOR NON-RESIDENTS. Prompt and reliable information given. We invite Corretpondence and Inquiry fcrtonatty or by Letter. We have a large list of VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE, to which the attention of the public is respect- fully directed. C. H. GAUBERT & CO. 178 ESTABLISHED IN NEW YORK, 1838. I. A. HOf ELL, Jr., & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF WALL PAPER The only Print Works in the West. WAREHOUSE : 117 and 119 State Street, CHICAGO, PRINT WORKS AT MARSEILLES, ILL. 179 Doggett, Bassett & Hills, MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS OF BOOTS & SHOES, Have now received their NEW SPRING STOCK, which they offer to the Trade at the LOWEST MARKET PRICES. BTASrUFACTUSE Iff CHICAGO Custom-Made Boots and Shoes of Superior Quality, And keep on hand the LARGEST STOCK of Goods in their line to be found in the West. FACTORY AND SALESROOMS: 29 i 31 Lake St., and 36 k 38 Waksh AY., CHICAGO. ORDERS CAKEPULLY ATTENDED TO. Brown & Mat hews, MERCHANT TAILORS, IMPORTERS OF FINE WOOLENS FOR MEN'S WEAR, ISTo. 93 CHICAGO, ILL. 180 G. HUBBARD. GKO. B. CARPENTER, GILBERT HUBBARD & CO., SHIP CHANDLERS AND DEALERS IN TWINES AND CORDAGE, 205 & 207 South Water St., CHICAGO. We would call particular attention of the Trade to our Stock, as we at all times have the largest and best assortment in the West of Cotton and Flax Duck, all Widths, DITCHING ROPES, MANILLA AND TARRED ROPE, Bags, Bagging, Burlaps, Canvas, Oakum, Tar, Pitch, Tackle Blocks. Chains, Coal Tar, Hoofing Pitch and Felting. WBKE Re*g, enriQ&ti mm m STIIL, FOR MINING, HOISTING, OR FERRY PURPOSES. Tents of every kind. Tarpaulins* Awnings, Wagon Cavers of Plain or Rubber-Coated Duck. 3F JLt -A. C3r S I Of Silk or Bunting, as per Army Regulations, constantly on hand or made to order. 181 W. P. YAK DEURBEN & Co., SWAN ft PATSOJT, Chicago, III. 50 Wall St., A r , Y. W. P. VAN DEURSEN & CO., BANKERS AND BROKERS 100 lL.a&tlle .-*!-., CHICAGO. 50 Wall Street, New York, BUY AND SELL, ON COMMISSION, Railroad Stocks, Bonds, Government Securities, Gold, Express, Tele- graph and Miscellaneous Stocks, at the STOCK EXCHANGE IN NEW YORK, ON MARGINS, Al NEW YORK BATES OP COMMISSION AND INTEREST. NOTES. Acceptances or other obligations paid by telegraph the same day in New York that Deposit is made with them in Chicago. 182 HIBERNIAN BANKING ASSOCIATION SAVINGS BANK, Southwest Corner Lake and Clark Sts,, - CHICAGO. Kvct-lve Money on Deposit and allow Interest thereon. FOREIGN EXCHANGE. Drafts on the HIBERNTA BANK of Ireland, and its Branches, In sums to suit, of 1 Sterling and upwards. PASSAGE TICKETS issued to and from all points in Europe. OFFICE HOURS : 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. ; also, Saturdays, 6 to 8 p.m. 183 NATIONAL LOAN & TRUST COMPANY, Oonrt House Square, cor, LaSalle and Washington Sts,, CHICAOO. CEO. C. SMITH &. BRO., SAME OFFICE. SPECIALTY OF COLLECTINGS BANK OF DEPOSIT & DISCOUNT. FOREIGN EXCHANGE. WE DRAW ON England, France, Sweden, Norway, Denmark ; in Germany, on Prank- fort, Stuttgart, Leipzig, Berlin, Bremen, Cologne. Letters of Credit for Travelers on the American House of DREXEL, HARJES & CO., Paris. GOLD DBAFTS ON NEW YORK AND CANADA. HENRY GREENEBAUM& CO. THE OLDEST ESTABLISHED BANKING HOUSE IN CHICAGO. We transact a legitimate Banking Business, Receive Deposits on Current Accounts, Discount to Depositors at bank rates, and issue DRAFTS AND LETTERS OP CREDIT On New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee ; also on San Francisco, Cal., and the principal cities in Great Britain and Ireland, Norway and Sweden, Holland, France, Italy, Switzerland and Germany. Issue Passage Orders from and to all European Ports, by Steam and Sailing Vessels. We shall be happy to receive applications from responsible parties at all desirable points to enter into arrangements with us for the sale of our Exchange on our correspondents abroad. Travelers to Europe can procure of the undersigned LETTERS OF CREDIT available throughout England, France, Germany, Switzer- land, Italy, etc., thus incurring the expense of premium on gold only on the amount actually used while abroad. 184 THE MARINE COMPANY OF CHICAGO. Office, Cor. Lake and La Salle Sts. CAPITAL, ... $500,000. ASSETS, ... $507,434.27. J, YOUNG SOAMMON, President, JOHN M, UNDERWOOD, Vice-Prea, SAMUEL S, ROGERS, Secretary, EUGENE 0, LONG, Treasurer, GENERAL BANKING AND EXCHANGE. Allow interest on Savings and Trust Deposits. Sell Drafts for 1 and over on LONDON; also on the following Cities and Towns in Ireland, viz i DUBLIN, CORK, LIMERICK, LONDONDERRY, BELFAST, WATERFORD, GAL WAY, ATHLONE, KILKENNY, BALLINA AND ENNISKILLEN. DRAW ALSO ON PARIS, BERLIN, FRANKFORT, HAMBURG, BREMEN, GENEVA, BASLE, ZURICH, COLOGNE, AND KCENIG8BERG. Persons proposing to visit Europe, Egypt, or the Holy Land, can make as satisfactory arrangements for Letters of Credit with this institution as at the East. ROBERT REID, Manager. 185 OCEAN STEAMSHIPS. ALLAN LINE OF OCEAN STEAMERS. The Montreal Ocean Steamship Company's POWERFUL MAIL STEAMERS, Sailing Every Saturday FROM QUEBEC FOR LIVERPOOL, Calling at Londonderry to land passengers and mails. Eighteen first- class Steamers. Most direct and convenient route for travelers to Europe. Railway fare to Quebec same as to New York. Fare from Quebec to Liverpool, first-class, $SO and $70 gold, according to position of sleep- ing cabins, all having the same privilege in the saloons. Tourists' tickets at reduced prices. Steerage passage, $30 currency. Passage certificates from Europe to all points in the Northwest at cheapest rates. Regular physicians employed on all steamers. Apply to H. & A. ALLAN, in Montreal, or at the GENERAL WESTERN AGENCY, No. 9 South Clark St., Chicago, Where cabin plans may be seen and berths secured for any steamer. TEfiD. S, WINSLOW, FINANCIAL. FERD. S. WINSLOW, FOREIGN BANKING OFFICE No. 2 South Clark Street, Loomis Building, BELLS GOLD AND GOLD CHECKS ON NEW YORK AT NEW YORK RATES, Drafts for sale, in sums to suit, on England, France, Germany, Scan- dinavia, Ac. 186 NATIONAL STEAM SHIP COMPANY. (LIMITED.) BRITISH STEAM SHIPS. LOUISIANA - 2,166 Tons, VIRGINIA - 2,875 " QUEEN - - 3,517 " DENMABK - 3,117 " FEANCE . ENGLAND - 3,450 Tons, EEIN - - - 3,310 " HELVETIA - 3,315 " PENNSYLVANIA, 2,872 " 3,880 Tons, Sail from NEW YORK every SATURDAY, from Pier 47, North River. Accommodations for Passengers good as if not superior to any other Line. Cabin New York to Liverpool - - - $100 and Eeturn - 180 Steerage ........ 30 Through Bills of Lading given from all parts in the Northwest to Liverpool, London, Glasgow, Dublin, Belfast and Londonderry ; and Time guaranteed through to Liverpool in THIRTY days, via "WEBSTER'S EUROPEAN FREIGHT LINE." S. T. WEBSTER, General Western Agent, /# Chamber of Commerce* CAicaffO f Itt. F. W. J. HURST, Manager, 69 Broadway^ New Tork. W, B, MACALISTEE, General Manager, LIYERFOOL. 187 CHANGE OF TIME. and APRIL 26, EXPRESS TRAINS, WILL LEAVE CHICAGO FOR BUFFALO, VIA. MICHIGAN SOUTHERN AND LAKE SHORE RAI LWAY, AS FOLLOWS: 8:00 a.m., 5:15 and 9:00 p.m. The only line running through trains between Chi- cago and Buffalo in direct connection with New York Central and Erie Railway. TheJ5:15 P.M. train leaves Chicago daily. All trains stop at Twenty-Second St. to take and leave passengers. F. E. MORSE, Gen. Passenger Agent. 188 KAILROAD FROM THE ATLANTIC to the PAOITIO, GRAND OPENING OF THB UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD. _J j i^ PASSENGER TRAINS LEAVE BKJiL^m On the Arrival of Trains from the East. THROUGH to SAN FRANCISCO In leas than Four days, avoiding the Dangers of the Sea 1 Travelers for Pleasure, Health or Business, Will find a trip over the Rocky Mountains Healthy and Pleasant. ON THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD. PULLMAN'S PALACE SLEEPING CAES RUN WITH ALL THROUGH PASSENGER TRAINS. GOLD, SILVER AND OTHER MINERS! Now is the time to seek your Fortunes in Nebraska, Wyoming, Arizona, Washington, Dakotah, Colorado, Utah, Oregon, Montana, New Mexico, Idaho, Nevada or California. CONNECTIONS MADE AT Cheyenne for Denver, Central City and Santa Fe. AT OGDEN AND CORINNE FOR HELENA, BOISE CITY, VIRGINIA CITY, SALT LAKE CITY & AEIZONA, Through Tickets for sale at all principal Railroad Offices. Be Sure they Read via Platte Valley or Omaha, Company's Office 72 La Salle St., opposite City Hall and Court House Square, CHICAGO. CHAS. E. NICHOLs, Ticket Agent. JOHN P. HART, Gen'l Trav. Agent, It La Salle St., Chicago; H. BKOWNSON, Gen'l Freight Agent, Omaha, Neb. ; J. BUDD, Gen'l Ticket Agent, Omaha, Neb. ; W. SNYDKR, Gen'l Supt., Omaha, Neb. 189 Cunard Line of Mail Steamers, BETWEEN NEW YORK AND LIVERPOOL, CALLING AT QUBKMSTOWN. AUSTRALASIAN, MALTA, ALEPPO, PALMYRA, CHINA, SAMARIA, CUBA, SIBKRIA, HECLA, TARIPA, JAVA, TRIPOLI. One of the above First-Class Iron Mail Steamers are intended to sail as follows: From LIVERPOOL, (calling at Cork Harbor) for NEW YORK DIRKCT every SATURDAY. From LIVERPOOL, (calling at Cork Harbor) for NEW YORK via. BOSTON every TUESDAY. From NEW YORK for LIVERPOOL, (calling at Cork Harbor) every THURSDAY. Certificates issued to bring out Passengers from any part of Europe at Lowest Rates. For Passage apply to E. CUNARD, Trinity Building, 111 Broadway, New York, or to S. ROWE, Adams House, Corner Michigan Ave. and Lake Street, CHICAGO. PERKINS, STERN & CO.'S CALIFORNIA WINES. We guarantee the absolute purity of all our Wines, Being the PIONEER HOUSE, and owning the vineyards from which nearly all our Wines come, we are able to offer them at LOWER PRICES than good genuine Wines can be sold for by any other House. As founders of the Wine trade in California, we have, in addition to our own extensive vineyards, superior facilities for securing the choicest products of the State. We would ask especial attention to the fact that our ITou*e is the only one officially endorsed by the California Wine Grower* 1 Association, Also, to the following, from the United States Sena- tors from California : " We are satisfied that the firm of PKRKINS, STERN Co. sell only genuine California Wines." C. COL, JOHN CONNBSS. t3T" We would particularly caution the public against inferior and fictitious articles sold under the name of California Wines, and ask that we be judged by no Wines but our own. Be sure and ask Tor PERKINS, STKRN t Co. 'a California Wines. fc OO La, Halle Street. Represented by BENJAMIN BRUCE, Jr. 190 18GO. 18OO. Goodrich Transportation Company, e i r> E - w ii E E JL, LINES. NEW PASSENGER STEAMERS MANITOWOC AND SHEBOYCAN, Leave Alternately, FOR MILWAUKEE Port Washington, Manitowoc and Two Elvers, Every Morning, Sundays excepted, at 9 o'clock. The same Steamers leave MILWAUKEE for CHI- CAGO, alternately, at 7 P. M., DAILY. Saturday's Boat leaves for MILWAUKEE at 8 P. M. TUESDAY EVENINGS and FRIDAY MORN- INGS, Boats go through to KEWAUNEE and ALLNE- PEE, stopping at all other Points named above. FARE, Meals and Berths Included : TO RAHINE, - - $1 50 MILWAUKEE - - 2 00 " PT. WASHINGTON 3 00 11 SHEBOYGAN - - 3 50 TO MANITOWOO - 4 00 ' TWO RIVERS - - 4 00 11 KEWAUNEE - 5 00 " AHNEPEE - - 5 00 TRAVELING BY THE BOATS, (Board included,) CHEAPER THAN STAYING AT HOME. Pare (Meals and Berths included) $1,00 less than by Eail. ALL RAILROAD TICKETS GOOD ON THE BOATS. Pare to Milwaukee, (Meals included,) only $2,00. Shippers can rely on prompt dispatch of all goods delivered up to 8 o'clock A. M. 191 STEAMERS OEION AND ALPENA WILL LEAVE CHICAGO FOR GRAND HAVEN & MUSKEGON, Alternately, every Evening, at 7 o'clock, Sundays exempted. (Arriving at Grand Haven in time for Morning Trains,) For Grand Rapids and Saginaw, And all Stations on D, & M, R. E. ; also Connecting with ENGELMANN'S DAILY LINE STEAMERS, For White Hall, Stoney Creek, Pent Water. Ludington and Maniatee. Returning, will leave MUSKEGON every Afternoon, and GRAND HAVEN every Evening, on arrival of Trains from Detroit. FARE LESS THAN BYNY OTHER ROUTES. JOSEPH, The Speedy Side-Wheel Steamer, COMET, Will leave for ST. JOSEPH every day, (Sundays ex- cepted,) at 10 o'clock. SATURDAY'S Boat will not leave until 11 o'clock at night. Returning, will leave ST. JOSEPH every Evening, (Saturdays excepted,) at 10 o'clock. FOR UREENliflilENOMONEE, And all Intermediate Points, STEAMERS TRUESDELL AND ST, JOSEPH-Semi-Weekly, TruesdeU Leaves Every Tuesday Evening, at 7 o'clock, Fare,- Meals and Berths included : To Washington Harbor, Bailey's Harbor, Fish Creek, Green Bay and Menomonee ......... $6 00 OOOT> RICH'S OMIVIJBUS 3L.HVE Will convey Passengers and their Baggage to all Hotels and Depots for 50 rents. Baggage checked from Boats to all Hotels and Depots, and also to any part of the City at Lowest Rates. J^" AU Ooods .for above named Ports, xhould be delivered at OOUDRICH'S STEAMBOAT LANDIHQ. For further information, Freight or Passage, apply to A. E. GOODRICH, President. Docks below Rush Street Bridge. 192 J. W. DOANE & WHOLESALE GROCERS, &> 51 Midiig-an. A.venu.e, CHICAGO. CELEBRATED Cider Vinegar. A SPLENDID ARTICLE. Warranted fure, and to Preserve Tickles. First Premium awarded at the U. S. Fair, the Illinois State Fair, and Chicago City Fair. Largest Works of the kind in the United States. OHAELES G. E, PRUSSINGr, 33O & CM 1 Wtivte Htreot, Oliicago. Ask your Grocer for Prussing's Vinegar. Royal Baking Powder Capital ... SI 00,000 60 VESEY STREET, NEW YORK. 0. A. HOAGLAND, President. J. C. HOAGLAND, Secretary. F. H. HALL, Vice- President. WM. M. CLARKE, Gen'l Agent. Western Office: 135 South Water Street, CHICAGO, ILLS. 13 193 S ^ 1ST ID S' ALE BREWING COMPANY ITrecl. -A.. *Wlieeler, Corner of Pearson and Pine Streets, CHICAGO, ILLS. B :R, :E -w :E :R, s INDIA PALE ALES, STOCK ALES, PORTERS AND LAGER BEER. 194 WALWORTHJWOHIG& PURSE, Wrought Iron, Brass anil T UBI1VG, BRASS AND IRON FITTINGS, Locomotive, Marine and Stationary BOILERS AND ENGINES, STEAM WABMING- AND VENTILATING APPAEATUS. OFFICE and WABEHOUSE, 225Lake St., J. P TT T P A P FACTOEY, Franklin, Cor. Michigan, \J H 1 U 21 U Ui S. . MANN. 8. D. DAT. LOAN and REAL ESTATE OFFICE. MANN & DAY, 17 TRIBUNE BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL. Buy, Sell, or Exchange, all kinds of Real Estate, in City or Country ; Pay Taxes ; also Negotiate Loans on Real Estate Securities, and buy short Business Paper. REFERKNCKS: Hon. J. Y. Scammon, Chicago ; M. D. Ogden, Esq., Chicago; Hon. B. W. Raymond, Chicago; Messrs. Root & Cady, Chicago. DRS. J. G. & T. H. TEINE'S MOVEMENT CURE, 136 STATE STREET. Dyspeptics, Consumptives, Paralytics, those suffering from Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Constipation, and all cases of Spinal Curvature and Fe- male Weakness, will find the Movement Cure the most appropriate, safe, certain, and agreeable means of restoration. Call or send for Illustrated Circular. 195 MANN, SHEARS & CO., Importers and Jobbers in WINES, BRANDIES, And Dealers in FINE KENTUCKY WHISKEYS, 53 South Water Street, CHICAGO. We make a specialty of OLD COPPER DISTILLED WHISKEYS, From Bourbon, Nelson, Woodford and Anderson Counties, Kentucky. 196 NORTH WESTERN LABOR EXCHANGE AGENCY AND Chicago Information and Garden City Guide* OFFICE : 92 EAST RANDOLPH STREET. Established, in 18G8. BEST MALE OR FEMALE HELP FURNISHED, ON SHORT NOTICE, To Farmers, Merchants, Manufacturers, CONTRACTORS AND HOUSEKEEPERS. SITUATIONS FOUND For all parties desiring employment. INFORMATION GIVEN UPON ALL SUBJECTS. BRANCH OFFICES In New York, Boston, Detroit and Cincinnati HUNTER & WOOD, 02 East Randolph Street, CHICAGO. 197 J. WALSH & CO., General- Transfer anil Skipping Apts, 16 <:HA.tlKI-:i OF COMMERCE. Property consigned to our care will be promptly de- livered in any part of the city, or transferred to any Railway Depot or Steamboat Dock, and the lowest rates of freight and insurance secured for shippers. Bills of Lading made to shippers and consignees. JAMES WALSH!, AGENT North-Western Union and Northern Packet Line, 16 Chamber of Commerce, - CHICAGO. LACLEDE HOTEL, J. A. SAMPLE, PROP'R, Corner Madison and Canal Sts., CHICAGO, ILL This new and commodious House is now open to the public. It is one of the best and most conveniently lo- cated Hotels in the city, being directly opposite the PITTSBURG & FORT WAYNE AND CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS DEPOTS. The building is a new brick, constructed on the most approved plans, and finished up with all modern im- provements. It is complete and handsomely furnished with all New Furniture, Carpets and Spring Beds, and has all the conveniences of a FIRST CLASS HOTEL. use art d to th 198 Persons stopping at tkis House are assured that every attention will be shown them that may add to their pleasure and comfort. Dealer in FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY, Diamonds, Silver Goods, Gold Pens, Spectacles, &c. AGENT FOR AMERICAN WATCHES. Sign of toe Golden Eagle, 135 CLARK ST., - COR. OF MADISON, CHICAGO. REPAIRING ACCURATELY DONE, 109 C. T. BELDINC * CO., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Jr { k j CLOTHING! 96 & 98 RANDOLPH ST., COR. DEARBORN. Clothing Made to Order SHORT 1VOTIOE. 200 (See next page.) 201 M. E. PAGE. R. p. PATTISON. M. E. PAGE & CO. WHOLESALE CONFECTIONERS! 24 MICHIGAN AVENUE, Manufacturers of GJ- U IvI, CREAM AND CORDIAL ORI The Confectionery House of this firm, a cut of which appears on the opposite page, is the largest and most complete concern of the kind in the United States. They occupy the whole of the immense building for the different departments of their business, and have spared no expense in arranging it for turning out the different descriptions of Confectionery manufactured by them, In the most complete and expe-v ditious manner. The firm employ from 70 to 80 hands constantly, th eir daily consumption of sugar being from 80 to 40 barrels, and their an- nual sales will exceed a half million of dollars. The firm pride them- selves on using nothing but the choicest brands of Loaf and A sugars, and their goods have an extensive and well known reputation for their purity and delicious Savors. A visit to their establishment, where you will be kindly received by one of the gentlemanly proprietors of the concern, will repay the time and trouble taken. (Seepage 201.) 202 pent ousc rt CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AITKEN & FULLER, - - PROPRIETORS. An American Review of the Fine Arts. CHICAGO : PUBLISHED BY J. F. AITKEN & CO. OPERA HOUSE ART GALLERY. CABINET MAKERS' HARDWARE. g T. L. WAYNE, J.L.WAYNE, Jr. Represented by ARLETON COFFIN GOODS, TRIMMINGS, ETC. AGENTS FOB THE SALE OP AMERICAN BURIAL CASES. 203 EXCELSIOR VINEGAR WORKS. FREDERICK WEIGLE, PROP'R, Manufacturer of Cider, Pickle and Double Kos. 189 & 191 8. CANAL ST. Cor. Jackson, CHICAGO. All Vinegar guaranteed Pure, and to keep Pickles in all instances, and of such strength as desired and agreed upon. First Premiums have been awarded for my brands of Vinegar wherever exhibited. SCANLAN BRO. & COLBURN, S T 3B A. M MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONERS ! AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IK FANCY GROCERIES, CIGARS, &.C. 78 STATE STREET, - - VHICAQO. MORTIMER SCANLAN. J. J. FITZGIBBON. SCANLAN & FITZGIBBON, Produce and General Commission Merchants 191 SOUTH WATER ST., CHICAGO. Particular attention given to the sale of Provisions, Flour, Grain, Drie and Green Fruits, Ac. SAIM'L MYERS & CO., DISTILLERS OF RYE MALT WHISKY ALCOHOL AND PURE SPIRITS, Also, Manufacturers of WHITE WINE AND CIDER VINEGAR, an Dealers in Imported Liquors, 268 and 27O East Madison St., (P.O. Box 188) CHICAGO Rye Whisky of our own distillation, three and four years old. 204 AIKENS DEARBORN THEATRE, III A 113 DEARBORN STREET, Bet. Madison & "Washington. FRANK i . v i iv i : \ , SUM: i. s ;s i ; i: & MANAGER. This new and beautiful Temple of the Drama, opened on the 18th of January last, by FRANK E. AIKEN, and his Comedy Company, acknowledged by the Press and Public to be THE THEATRE OF THE WEST! Is now in the full tide of success, and nightly presenting NEW .AJVJD EJL.EOA.TSTT JEML.A.YS To Crowded and Delighted Audiences. THE COMPANY Is the same that, for the past fire years, was at the Museum in this city, when that establishment was open and under the manage- ment of FRANK E. AIKKN, and are all recognized ADMISSION ......................................... SO Cents Reserved Seat in Dress Circle ..................... . . 75 Cents Stalls, Orchestra Circle and Balcony ............... $1.OO Family Circle ...................... *. .................. 3O Cents Private Boxes ................................ 5.00 and $6.00 Admission to Matinee 3O Cents Reserved Seats SO Cents Private Boxes $2. 00 and $3.00 Evening Performance commences at qnarter before Eight Afternoon Performance commences at half-past Two. RESBRVED SEATS can be procured at the principal Hotels, and at the Box Office, from 9 A. M. to 10 p. M. 205 Iff. B. BOYDEltt, REAL ESTATE & GENERAL BROKER, Room No, 1, 106 Madison St., CHICAGO. Large Lists of City and Country Property always for Sale. LOANS NEGOTIATED. ISAAC R. HITT, late Agent State Bank. SETH W. HARDIN, JR., late Cu*hman. ffardin & ro. t Bankers. WILLIS M. HITT, late of LaSalle, III. HITT, HARDIN & HITT, EEAL ESTATE & LOAN AGENCY, Boom No. 10 Tribune Building, Comer of Madison and Eeartora Sts., CHICAGO, ILL. Loans negotiated and Taxes paid in all the States and Territories. JAMES R. STANLEY, NOTARY PUBLIC. BOBBRT C. GIVIXS. JAMES H. GILBERT. G-IVINS & GILBERT, AfTORNEYS-AT-LAW, Heal Estate Dealers and Loan Brokers, OFFICE: ROOM 3, TRIBUNE BUILDING, CHICAGO. JOHN K WINCHELL, ARCHITECT, 129 Dearborn St., Booms 7 & 8, CHICAGO. Plans and Specifications for all descriptions of Private and Public Bnildings, Stores, Churches, Schools, etc., furnished at low and reasonable rates. Orders Promptly Attended to. 206 J. X. BURCHKLL. B. F. JACOBS. J. E. BURCHELL & CO. DEALERS IN Real Estate, 123 WASHINGTON ST., Improved and Unimproved City Property, Suburban Lots, Western Lands, EA.iBOIi]V STREET, Between Washington and Madison Sts, - - CHICAGO, ILL. Large Lists of Improved and Unimproved Property always for sale. LOANS NEGOTIATED. Investments made, Titles Examined, Taxes Paid, Rents Collected. WILLIAM H. RICK. t. W. WADSWORTH. RICE & WADSWORTH, leal Estate Brofcers f 87 WASHINGTON STREET, Rooms No, 1 and 4. CJI1ICAX5O. MONEY ADVANCED ON GOOD REAL ESTATE SECURITIES. 1YEAAS & MA1UZ, REYNOLDS' BLOCK, B. W. Cor. Deartora and Madison Sts., CHICAGO, ILL. 208 THE BERLIN I! PHOTOGRAPH! From Re-Touched Negatives, MADE ONLY AT CARBUTT'S FARLOR FLOOR, Photograph Studio, 24 WASHING-TON ST., (Next to Wabash Ave.) Has all the beauty of the Porcelain Miniature, and duplicate copies can be had at same cost of ordinary Photographs. Operating Hours, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. 14 209 H TINTYPE & FERROTYPE fil LAKE CHICAGO. PICTURES OF ALL SIZES Taken and Finished in a very few minutes. Small Sizes only Ti eity-five cts. per floz. LARGER, PROPORTIONATELY CHEAP. Albums, Frames and Cases O3ST 210 FAIRBANKS' STANDARD SCALES! Nearly 200 Modifications. Also, "Warehouse Trucks, Grain Wagons, Baggage Barrows, Money Drawers, Letter Presses, &c. WESTERN WAREHOUSES: FAIRBANKS, GREENLEAP & CO., 226 and 228 Lake Street, CHICAGO. 2O9 Market Street, St. Lf o tfe PROPERTY BOUGHT, SOLD ' Specia? attentioiri given t Cincinnati, ingtyu City, New Yr - -..- - : ugtot> . '-OrleansjjM^bil^ -