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CONSTITUTION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE DUBLIN 
 
 REVISED AND AMENDED, M.DCCC.LIII. 
 
 DUBLIN : 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, 
 
 BY GEORGE DROUGHT, 6, BACHELOR'S- WALK. 
 
 1853. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Accounts — auditing of . . ; 
 
 statement of 
 Admission — of members generally 
 
 after exclusion . 
 
 if standing aloof 
 
 if from an unfair house 
 Allowance— when entitled to 
 
 when not entitled to 
 
 to unemployed 
 to foreign emigrants . 
 to members going to England or Scotland 
 Irish provinces 
 
 to do. do. not in full benefit j 
 
 to strike members 
 
 to representatives of deceased members 
 to tramps 
 
 Alteration of rules — (See "Rules") 
 
 Appeals ....... 
 
 Applying for situations .... 
 
 Apprentices — generally .... 
 not to change offices 
 
 in unfair offices, mode of admission 
 
 introduction of to be reported . 
 Arrears — fines for ..... 
 
 consequences of ... 
 Auditors ....... 
 
 Balloting for committee and officers 
 
 Benefit — when in ..... 
 
 when excluded from 
 
 if neglecting work 
 
 if sick, not entitled to 
 Boards and officers ..... 
 Cards — to be produced when claiming . 
 
 if lost, how to be supplied 
 
 for foreign emigration 
 
 to members leaving town 
 Chapels — refusing to join 
 Closing houses .... 
 
 Art. 
 
 j Sec. 
 
 4 
 
 2-7 
 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 6, 7, 8 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 1, 6 
 
 13 
 
 2,8,9,11 
 
 14 
 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 36 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 
 32 
 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 32 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 7,8,9 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 
 f 
 
 59344 
 
4 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Claiming — certificates to be produced 
 signing book 
 if sick, not entitled 
 if disputed 
 
 only one week's to be paid 
 Committee — generally . 
 
 calling of . 
 election of 
 how paid . 
 chairman of 
 secretary of 
 
 Council 
 
 Delegate not paying money 
 Defrauding the society 
 Emigration 
 Emigrants returning 
 Entrance fees . • 
 Fines — how payable . 
 
 on non-payment of subscription 
 
 on non-payment of arrears 
 Horse ..... 
 Levy ..... 
 Machine — one member not to take charge of two 
 
 boys at 
 Meetings — delegate 
 general 
 
 Members — working in two establishments 
 summoned . 
 unemployed 
 
 persons not admissible as 
 if sick, not entitled to claim 
 disorderly . 
 superannuated 
 Neglecting work 
 
 Non-amicables .... 
 
 notice to be given of 
 Officers ..... 
 President of Council . 
 Rules — furnishing copies of . 
 alterations in . 
 
 when considered 
 Secretary ..... 
 Security for emigrants 
 Signing book .... 
 Stockholders .... 
 Subscriptions — weekly amount of 
 
 how increased 
 Superannuation Fund . 
 
 Art. 
 
 Sec. 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 28 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 2, 4 
 
 20 
 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 
 23 
 
 4,5 
 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 33 
 
 1, 2 
 
 22 
 
 
 22 
 
 7, &c. 
 
 30 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 10 
 
 .10, 11 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 13 
 
 8, 9 
 
 34 
 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 37 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 
 17 
 
 
CONSTITUTION, 
 
 ETC. 
 « 
 
 At a series of Delegate Meetings, commenced on Wed- 
 nesday, 29th June, 1853, and adjourned to convenient 
 days, the following Rules, as revised and amended (hav- 
 ing been completed on the 24th of August), were agreed 
 to for the government of the Society from the 1st day of 
 October, 1853 :— 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Of the Name and Objects of the Society. 
 
 1. This Society shall be styled " The Dublin Typogra- 
 phical Provident Society," and shall be composed of the 
 Journeymen Printers of the City of Dublin. 
 
 2. Its objects shall be — the formation of a permanent fund 
 for affording relief to such of its members as may, from time 
 to time, be out of employment — to assist such as may wish to 
 emigrate — to settle the price of labour, by communication, 
 between the employers and the employed — and promote the 
 general interests of its members. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 The Officers and Boards for conducting the Business. 
 
 The Officers shall consist of Three Stockholders, Two Au- 
 ditors, a Secretary, and a President of Council ; and the busi- 
 ness shall be conducted by a Council and Committee. 
 
 A 2 
 
 i 
 
6 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 The Stockholders. 
 
 Three Stockholders shall be elected by ballot. All moneys 
 vested in stock shall be lodged in the joint names of the Stock- 
 holders. Their duties shall be to draw checks on the bank, on 
 an order to that effect, signed by the Chairman and two 
 Members of the Committee. They shall not sit as Members of 
 the Committee, nor act as Auditors or Presidents of Council ; 
 and shall also be exempt from serving as delegates to Council. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 The Auditors. 
 
 1. Two members, not holding any office in the Society, shall 
 be selected half-yearly, by ballot, to act as Auditors : the two 
 first shall be chosen at the same time as the Committee ; the 
 other two, on the third Saturday in June — the Secretary to 
 give notice, through the Council, to the chapels, one week 
 previous to the commencement of the election ; and the ballots 
 to be sent in the two following Saturdays. A member de- 
 clining to serve to be fined two shillings and sixpence, and his 
 place supplied by the next on the list. A member serving to 
 be exempt from attending Council for the next twelve months 
 after the termination of his auditorship. — See Art. ix. 
 
 2. The duties of Auditors shall be, to attend at the usual 
 place of meeting of the Society, when summoned by the Secre- 
 tary, and audit the quarterly accounts of the receipts and 
 expenditure of the Society. 
 
 3. To check the Secretary's payments for the three months 
 with his vouchers, and permit no credit to be taken by him for 
 any disbursement for which he does not produce an order 
 signed by the Chairman and two Members of the Committee, 
 except the sums paid by the Secretary to tramps, for which the 
 signatures of the persons who receive same shall be produced. 
 
 4. To examine the book in which the Secretary enters the 
 receipts on Saturday nights, and the book in which the claim- 
 ants acknowledge by their signatures the receipt of their 
 claims, and see that both are certified by the President for the 
 night. 
 
7 
 
 AKTICLE V. 
 
 The Secretary. 
 
 1. The Secretary to be elected by ballot on all occasions, 
 He shall be subject to an annual election, to take place at the 
 same time as the Committee, under the following arrangements. 
 Should a member desire to put forward a new candidate for 
 the office, such member shall attend, with the seconder of the 
 nomination, at the Council, on the last Saturday in October, 
 and there propose him. The name of the newly-proposed 
 candidate (or candidates), on being seconded, shall be printed 
 in the ballot list, and the votes taken on the two Saturday 
 evenings next after the issue of the list. The then acting Se- 
 cretary to continue in office if no other candidate be proposed; 
 he need not be again formally put in nomination, but his name 
 shall be printed (to be continued in office) in the ballot list, even 
 should another candidate offer See Art. ix. 
 
 2. He is to attend all meetings of the Council and General 
 and Delegate meetings ; likewise the meetings of the Committee 
 when required. 
 
 3. To attend with the President, at the time appointed to 
 pay claimants ; — to pay all orders presented to him, signed by 
 the Chairman and two Members of the Committee, for carrying 
 out the provisions of these rules, and enter same in a book to 
 be called the Disbursement Book. 
 
 4. To receive at the sitting of the Council all moneys paid 
 as subscriptions, fines, &c, and give receipts for same, and 
 enter them in a book, together with the expenditure of the 
 night, which book shall be made up and signed by the President, 
 and the total amount announced, with the names of the claim- 
 ants, to the Council before its adjournment. 
 
 5. To keep an alphabetical book of the members of the 
 Society, in which he shall transfer to the credit of each indi- 
 vidual his weekly payment, and also note whether he has been 
 returned as entitled to pay, exempt from payment, or claimed. 
 To produce said book so filled up, to the President, on the 
 following Saturday. 
 
 6. To retain such sum in his possession as the Committee 
 may deem sufficient from week to week to meet the current 
 expenses of the Society, and lodge the overplus, to the credit 
 
8 
 
 of the Stockholders, in the bank, the day following the receipt 
 of the order to invest. 
 
 7. To issue all notices — notice all members in arrear of pay- 
 ment — keep a record of the transactions of the Society, and a 
 book wherein each member's name shall be inserted in such a 
 manner as to show when he was admitted, expelled, withdrew T , 
 or died ; which book shall be the register of the Society. 
 
 8. To pay all tramps the amount of their allowance ; and 
 pay the passage-money of foreign emigrants, as provided in 
 Art. xv. sec. 11. 
 
 9. To attend the Chairman of the Committee, for his signa- 
 ture to emigration cards, and his order for the payment of the 
 emigrant's allowance. 
 
 10. To be charged with all fines incurred by members whom 
 he may neglect to notice or summon, and keep a book in which 
 the fines incurred by members shall be entered. 
 
 11. To attend the Auditors with his books on each auditing 
 night, under a penalty of two shillings ; and to produce all his 
 books to the Committee at the termination of each quarter. 
 
 12. To issue cards half-yearly to the members, marking on 
 the back the amount of their arrears or fines — settle their ac- 
 counts in the manner provided, and transact all such other 
 business of the Society as he may be required ; be subject to 
 all such fines as may be laid down for enforcing his compliance 
 therewith ; and receive for his services the sum of £25 per 
 annum. 
 
 13. To keep a book in which he shall correctly enter the 
 weekly expenses, with the amount of funds possessed by the 
 Society, as a guide to the Committee to order such sum as 
 they think proper to be invested, or drawn from the bank — 
 such book, so made up, to be submitted to the Committee im- 
 mediately after they assemble on their meeting night. All 
 orders to invest, or draw money from the bank, to be entered 
 in said book, signed by the Chairman of the Committee, and 
 two of its members. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 The Council. 
 
 1. The Council to meet on every Saturday evening, and be 
 composed of delegates from the respective houses, as follows : — 
 
Houses employing three members to send one every week ; 
 houses employing two members to send one every first and 
 third Saturday in the month ; and when only one member is 
 employed in a house, he shall attend at least once a month. 
 
 2. To assemble at half-past eight o'clock, and the list to be 
 called over at a quarter to nine, when members not appearing 
 shall be fined sixpence, and, if absent the entire night, one 
 shilling ; a delegate leaving the room without the permission 
 of the President, to be fined sixpence ; should he not return 
 within half-an-hour, to be considered as absent for the night, 
 and fined accordingly. 
 
 3. To adjourn at ten o'clock (if practicable), previously to 
 which the list to be called over, when members not answering 
 shall be fined sixpence on account of absence at this second call- 
 ing of the roll. 
 
 4. Each member to attend for one month, and be relieved by 
 the succeeding delegate on the first Saturday of the following 
 month. 
 
 5. The father of each chapel consisting of three members 
 to forward to the Secretary, by the delegate, on the last 
 Saturday in the month, the name of the delegate for the fol- 
 lowing month, under a penalty of sixpence, to be charged to 
 his account, and to be so apprized by the Secretary the fol- 
 lowing week ; should the delegate omit delivering the same, 
 the fine to be charged to his account. The new delegate to be 
 responsible for the fines incurred for non-attendance. Mem- 
 bers are to serve in regular turn — the last person having served 
 to be always furthest off from being liable to serve, no matter 
 from what house he may have attended. — See Art. xii. sec. 1. 
 
 6. Should a house omit sending a delegate, or to return the 
 name of one, the fines incurred to be charged proportionately 
 to the account of each individual employed therein at the time. 
 
 7. The duties of the Council shall be to scrutinize the claims 
 of individuals seeking admission, previous to sending them 
 before the houses — to admit them when declared admissible — 
 to report to their houses all matters submitted for their con- 
 sideration — and transact all such other business as may be 
 brought before them by the Secretary, or any member of the 
 Society, or as shall be provided in these rules. — See Art. x. 
 sees. 8, 9, 10, and 11 ; also Art. xxxii. sec. 6. 
 
3 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 The Presidents. 
 
 1. Four Presidents shall be elected by ballot from the mem- 
 bers of the Society — one for each quarter. The duties of each 
 President shall be to preside at all meetings of the Council, 
 and preserve order in the discussion of such business as may be 
 brought before him — enforce fines for lateness and disorderly 
 conduct — attend with the Secretary, and pay, with funds hand- 
 ed to him by the Secretary for the purpose, claimants at the 
 hour specified for that duty — make up and sign the book of 
 receipts and expenditure of the night — inspect the alphabetical 
 book of the Society ; and transact all such other business as 
 may be required of him by these rules. Should he not attend 
 to pay the claimants, or absent himself from the Council meeting, 
 to be fined one shilling, unless he procure a competent member 
 to take his place ; and, in case of his absence at the hour ap- 
 pointed for that purpose without having provided a substitute, 
 the Secretary shall commence paying the claimants, and after- 
 wards a President shall be selected from amongst the mem- 
 bers of the Council to act for the evening. 
 
 2. The Presidents shall be elected half-yearly: the two first, 
 with the Committee, in November; the other two, with the 
 Auditors, on the third Saturday in June — the Secretary to 
 give notice, through the Council, to the chapels, one week 
 previous to the commencement of the election, and the ballots 
 to be sent in the two following Saturdays. The individual 
 having the highest number of votes to serve for the first quar- 
 ter, and the second highest, the second quarter ; a member 
 declining to serve shall be fined five shillings, and his place 
 supplied by the next on the list. The chair to be taken at all 
 general meetings, and at the quarterly delegate meetings, 
 by the President of the quarter in which they may occur. 
 A President absenting himself from a general or quarterly 
 delegate meeting shall be fined two shillings, unless he provide 
 a competent person to take the chair for him, and be in attend- 
 ance at the hour for commencing the proceedings. — See Art.ix. 
 
 3. A member serving the office of President shall be exempt 
 from serving as delegate at Council, or any office, for twelve 
 
11 
 
 months after the termination of his presidency, and shall be 
 allowed the sum of one pound for filling said office, but shall 
 pay his usual subscription. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 The Committee, 
 
 1. The Committee to consist of nine members, of at least 
 three years' standing in the Society (six compositors and 
 three pressmen), to be elected annually, by ballot, in the 
 month of November. The three compositors and two press- 
 men having the highest number of votes to come into office 
 in January — the next three compositors and one pressman. 
 to come into office in July ; and each to serve for one year, and 
 to attend at the Society's rooms, for the despatch of such busi- 
 ness as may be brought before them, at least once in each 
 week, and as often as business may require their attendance ; 
 to meet at half-past eight o'clock See Art. ix. 
 
 2. Their duties shall be, to decide on all matters referred to 
 them by the Council, chapels, or members — meet employers, 
 
 when required, for the purpose of settling prices, &c and 
 
 perform all such other acts as shall be prescribed by the 
 Articles of the Constitution.— See Art. i. Sec. 2. 
 
 3. A member, being duly elected, refusing to serve, to be 
 fined ten shillings, payable by weekly instalments, and his 
 place supplied by the next highest on the list of his class. 
 
 Members on morning papers may resign without fine See 
 
 Art. xiii. Sec. 2 ; and Art. xx. 
 
 4. Should a member, after consenting to serve, absent him- 
 self four nights in succession, such absence to be considered 
 as refusing to serve, and his place supplied by the next on 
 the list for Committee. 
 
 5. Members serving to pay their weekly subscriptions and 
 all levies to the Society, according to rule, and to be allowed 
 one shilling each for every night of meeting. Members ab- 
 senting themselves any night of meeting to receive no recom- 
 pense from the Society for that night. They are not liable 
 to serve on Committee, or Council, or to act as Auditors or 
 Presidents of Council, for the two following years. 
 
 6. A Chairman to be elected, by ballot, from amongst the 
 members ; and should he decline to serve the office, to be fined 
 
12 
 
 two shillings, and a new ballot to take place. The duties of 
 the Chairman shall be to preside at all the meetings of the 
 Committee, and arrange the mode for carrying on its busi- 
 ness — preserve order, and enforce the fines for non-attend- 
 ance of witnesses, &c. — examine such witnesses as may be 
 summoned to appear before them, and sign all decisions and 
 resolutions that may be come to — sign all orders for payment 
 of money, and also cards for emigrants — and transact all such 
 other business as he may be required to do by the rules of the 
 Society. 
 
 7. A Secretary shall be elected in like manner as the Chair- 
 man, and subject to like fines, who shall enter in the minute- 
 book a record of their proceedings. 
 
 8. An attendance-book shall be kept on the table, in which 
 each member of the Committee shall sign his name on taking 
 his seat. The book to be signed by the Chairman, as a 
 voucher for the Society. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 Balloting for the Officers and Committee. 
 
 1. To enable the Society to ballot for the Committee, and to 
 guide them in the selection of members, chapels where twelve 
 men and upwards are employed, shall return, through the father, 
 to the Secretary, on the last Saturday in October, the names 
 of three compositors ; from six to twelve men shall return two ; 
 and all chapels under six, one. The pressmen to meet in the So- 
 ciety's rooms, in the week after the Secretary's notice, to select 
 the names of ten from their number; the names of the per- 
 sons so nominated to be returned to the Secretary on the even- 
 ing specified above. The Secretary to give one week's notice, 
 through the Council, of the returns being required. On the 
 first Saturday in November the Secretary shall issue a classified 
 printed list of all the members, distinguishing such as are ex- 
 empt from service, with the names of those nominated, and the 
 chapels nominating them. 
 
 2. On either of the two following Saturday evenings, each 
 member to send in a separate ballot, with his name signed to 
 it — otherwise his ballot to be rejected. 
 
 [This mode of voting to be observed in balloting for all other 
 officers likewise.] 
 
13 
 
 3. The Council shall appoint two of its members to act as 
 tellers, who shall check the ballots, and hand the return, when 
 complete, to the President ; and he shall sign the same, and give 
 it to the Secretary, who shall notice the persons who have been 
 selected. The tellers shall receive two shillings each for this 
 service at the election in November, and one shilling each at 
 the election in June. A teller refusing to serve shall incur a 
 line of one shilling. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 Admission of Members. 
 
 1. A person applying for admission into the Society must be 
 proposed by a member, and his indentures laid before the Coun- 
 cil — his servitude to be vouched for, when practicable, by two 
 members -his name, and the names of his vouchers, to be re- 
 ported to the chapels ; and should a majority of the Society 
 appear in his favour, and the Council approve, he shall be ad- 
 mitted on the second Saturday after his application. Where one 
 voucher, at least, cannot be procured, or the indentures be lost 
 or destroyed, such other satisfactory testimony to be given as 
 the Council may deem necessary. 
 
 2. A person newly out of his apprenticeship to pay an ad- 
 mission fee of ten shillings. 
 
 3. A candidate for admission to lodge with the Secretary the 
 sum of three shillings previous to his being sent round the 
 houses, and pay the balance of his admission fee at sixpence 
 per week when his earnings amount to 12s,, and when they 
 amount to £1, at one shilling per week. Should a candidate be 
 rejected, his deposit to be returned.— See Art. xx. sec. 2. 
 
 4. An individual producing a card from an accredited Society, 
 to be admitted on paying five shillings — two shillings on his 
 admission, and the balance at the same rate as set forth in the 
 foregoing clause. 
 
 5. A member expelled for non-payment of his arrears of sub- 
 scriptions or fines, may be re-admitted within four weeks from 
 the date of his expulsion, on condition that he shall pay two 
 shillings and sixpence, together with his arrears and fines (if 
 any), and the weekly subscriptions from the time of his with- 
 drawal from, to the period of his re-admission into, the Society, 
 and remain two months out of benefit — if beyond four weeks, 
 
 B 
 
14 
 
 to pay five shillings, together with his arrears, fines (if any), and 
 weekly subscriptions, &c, and remain six months out of benefit. 
 
 6. An individual arriving in this city, having a satisfactory- 
 card, and not joining the Society within four weeks after obtain- 
 ing employment, to pay ten shillings admission fee, and the 
 weekly subscription from the period of his arrival to that of 
 his admission. 
 
 7. An individual not coming forward to join (if in employ- 
 ment) within four weeks after the completion of his apprentice- 
 ship, or after his arrival in Dublin, or who has neglected to 
 seek admission, although resident in Dublin, and in employ- 
 ment, to pay the full week's subscription* for every week he 
 neglects to come forward, in addition to his admission fee 
 Fathers of chapels to notify the above to individuals on the ex- 
 piration of their servitude, and to strangers on their obtaining 
 employment. 
 
 8. The case of an individual seeking admission, and required 
 by the foregoing section to pay the weekly subscription for the 
 period he may have neglected to apply (but who has not com- 
 mitted any other offence against the Society), may be submitted 
 to the Committee ; and should they think it expedient that a 
 mitigation of the conditions of the rule should be sanctioned, 
 they shall submit the terms which they approve to the houses, 
 along with the individual's claim ; and should a majority of the 
 Society agree to the same, he may be admitted on the second 
 Saturday after being sent round. 
 
 9. Should a person be proposed for admission who has worked 
 in an unfair house, or who has been expelled the Society, pre- 
 viously to his being sent round the houses the Council shall 
 refer his case to the Committee, who shall inquire into it, and 
 determine the amount of fine on which he may be admitted. — 
 See Art, xxxii. sec. 6. 
 
 10. A person incapacitated, by bodily or mental infirmity, 
 from obtaining employment, shall not be eligible to be admitted 
 into this Society, or if admitted, to remain in it. 
 
 11. The qualifications of persons who apply to become mem- 
 bers of the Society shall be carefully investigated; and where 
 there is good reason to believe that a person seeking admission 
 will be an unreasonable burden upon the funds of the Society, 
 
 * See note to Art. xi. sec. 2. — "The Weekly Subscription." 
 
15 
 
 either from want of competency to earn a livelihood at the 
 printing business, or other causes, he shall be rejected. 
 
 ARTICLE XL 
 
 The Weekly Subscription, 
 
 1. The subscription to be paid weekly. Each member to 
 pay one penny for every three shillings he earns during the 
 
 week up to 36s the maximum being one shilling. A member 
 
 earning less than nine shillings to be exempt from payment; but 
 if he earn nine shillings, to pay three pence. 
 
 2. A member neglecting to give notice of being exempt, to 
 be charged a full week's subscription.* 
 
 3. A member failing to pay on each Saturday night his week's 
 or weeks' subscription, to incur a fine of one farthing per week 
 for each separate week while such subscription remains unpaid. 
 
 4. A member in arrear two weeks' subscription,! — or whose 
 arrears by reason of non-payment of instalments of fines jointly 
 with arrear of subscription, amount to two weeks' full sub- 
 scription — to be out of benefit ; if six weeks to be expelled. — 
 See Art. x. sec. 5; Art. xiii. sees. 2 and 6; and Art. xx. 
 
 5. Should an extraordinary emergency arise, or any circum- 
 stance requiring, in the opinion of the Committee, an increased 
 subscription, they shall submit the same to the houses, with a 
 plan of a graduated scale of levy on members in employment, 
 specifying at the same time, the period of its continuance ; and 
 should a majority of the members on the Society's roll approve 
 of it, the same shall be paid by each member in employment, 
 under the fines and penalties imposed for non-payment of the 
 weekly subscription. 
 
 6. Should a prolongation of the period for paying the in- 
 creased subscription be considered necessary, the Committee 
 shall submit the same to the members through the houses, 
 without whose approval it shall not be continued. 
 
 7. A card to be issued half-yearly to each member, on which 
 his subscription shall be entered, and signed by the Secretary 
 
 * A " full week's subscription " to be calculated at the rate of the "establish- 
 ment,"— viz., 30*., as per Appendix to Scale of Prices, Art. ii. sec. 5, unless the 
 member be known to have a greater salary — in which case he shall be charged the 
 higher rate to which he may be ascertained to be liable. 
 
 t Each week's subscription, in this case, to be the sum which the member may 
 have been returned liable to pay, if reported — if not reported, to be charged the 
 full subscription, as per note to sec. 2 of this article. 
 
16 
 
 or the father of a chapel, as by these rules provided; should he 
 be exempt, or claim from the funds, to be entered in like man- 
 ner, or be considered in arrear. Members of chapels to get 
 their cards signed by the father, and the money to be forwarded 
 by the delegate. A member on leaving a chapel, to exhibit his 
 card to the Secretary, to ascertain and have his account settled. 
 A member casually employed in different houses may pay his 
 money, and get his card signed by the father of the chapel where 
 he may be employed, but to be obliged to exhibit his card to 
 the Secretary at least once a month. 
 
 8. A member appearing by his card to be six weeks in ar- 
 rear, to be declared expelled, and not to be entitled to a new 
 card until he is re-admitted.- — See Art. x. sec. 5. 
 
 9. A delegate neglecting to deliver to the Secretary, on 
 Saturday night, the weekly subscriptions, and all other moneys 
 belonging to the Society that may be entrusted to his care for 
 payment at the Council, shall forfeit ten shillings, and repay 
 the sum he retained, together with the fines incurred by the 
 non-payment of each subscription, and be out of benefit until 
 all are cleared off, unless good cause be shown to the Com- 
 mittee to the contrary. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 Chapels. 
 
 1. In houses where three or more members are constantly 
 employed, a chapel shall be formed, and the name of the father 
 returned to the Secretary, who shall keep a list of the names 
 so returned. The fathers of chapels in houses where chapels 
 are formed — and in houses where a sufficient number of per- 
 sons to constitute a chapel are not constantly employed, the 
 member longest engaged therein — shall return to the Secretary, 
 by the delegate, under a fine of one shilling for each omission, 
 on every Saturday, a list containing the name of every 
 person employed in his office during the week, stating the 
 amount each individual is entitled to pay, the amount paid, 
 and the amount (if any) earned by those claiming to be ex- 
 empt. Should the delegate omit to return the same, the fine 
 to be charged to his account. A member receiving money for 
 work from one or more persons in a house, to hand an account 
 of said money to the father on each Saturday — or neglecting 
 
17 
 
 to do so, to incur a fine of sixpence ; said fine (if not paid to the 
 Chapel) to be reported to the Secretary, who shall charge 
 him with it in the Society's accounts. Blank forms for the 
 abo^e-mentioned lists to be furnished by the Secretary, who 
 shall give a receipt for the payment of the money so returned, 
 and file the docket for reference — See Art. vi. 
 
 2. Any person signing a member's card without being autho- 
 rised as above, shall be fined one shilling for each offence 
 
 See Art. xi. sec. 7. 
 
 3. In large chapels, where a number of persons are perma- 
 nently employed, a printed book may be substituted for the 
 cards, corresponding to the form supplied by the Secretary ; 
 but those casually employed to have their cards signed ; a 
 member on leaving the house to have his card filled from the 
 book to the time of leaving. 
 
 4. A member obtaining employment in a house where there 
 is a chapel, shall be admitted a member thereof free of all 
 expense. 
 
 5. If a member employed in a house refuse to join the chapei, 
 or withdraw from same, his conduct to be reported by the 
 father to the Committee, through the Secretary Should 
 sufficient cause not be shown to the Committee for such refusal 
 or withdrawal, he shall be treated in such manner as the 
 Committee shall deem expedient. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 Claiming Benefit. * 
 
 1. No member to be in benefit until he has paid his initiation 
 fee, and fifty-two weeks' subscription after his admission, being 
 in employment during the period of his paying the same. — 
 See Art. xi. sec. 4, and Art. xiv. 
 
 2. No member shall be in benefit unless he has paid 
 his subscription for thirteen weeks in the previous (claiming) 
 year,f and until he has cleared off all arrears and fines ; ex- 
 cept in cases of fines for non-service as member of Commit- 
 tee, President, or Auditor. Should such members have 
 
 * The phrase " in benefit " is understood to mean, being entitled to the several 
 advantages or privileges of the Society, according to the conditions laid down in the 
 different rules — such as, the weekly allowance, as stated in Art. xiii. ; a travelling 
 card, in Art. xiii, sec. 6 ; emigration allowance, Art. xv. ; &c, &c. 
 
 t See sec. 3. 
 
 B 2 
 
IS 
 
 paid the instalments provided for, they shall not be excluded 
 from benefit — See Art. xi. sec. 4 ; and Art. xx. 
 
 3. The allowance to each unemployed member in benefit to be 
 £4 in the twelve months — commencing the claiming year on the 
 first Saturday in May ; that is, a member entitled shall receive 
 £4 from the first Saturday of May in one calendar year to 
 the same date in the next calendar year ; to be paid in sums 
 not exceeding six shillings per week. If a member earn less 
 than six shillings, he shall receive the difference up to that 
 sum. Should a member not have occasion to claim, in any 
 one year, the entire £4, his right to the balance to cease at 
 the expiration of the claiming year„ 
 
 4. A member claiming the weekly allowance shall produce his 
 card, and sign the printed form of declaration to be supplied by 
 the Secretary ; and shall also, in the first instance of his claim- 
 ing after he has been at work, produce from the father of the 
 chapel where last employed, the following certificate : — 
 
 " I certify that lately employed in 
 
 Office, did not lose his employment in consequence of neglect, or improper con- 
 duct, or inability to work from sickness ; and that I conceive him fully entitled 
 to claim from the funds of ' The Dublin Typographical Provident 
 Society/ 
 
 " , 18 . (Signed) " Father." 
 
 Where only two persons are employed, and that one claims, 
 the individual remaining shall furnish the certificate; should 
 only one member be employed in a house, and have to claim, 
 a certificate from his late employer may be required. 
 
 5. Each claimant for the weekly allowance to attend at the 
 Society's rooms between the hours of half-past seven and half- 
 past eight o'clock on Saturday evening, to receive the amount 
 to which he may be entitled. 
 
 6. A Member who has joined on an accredited card, when he 
 has paid his admission fee, and four weeks' subscription, shall be 
 entitled to a Dublin Society's Travelling Card, and six shillings, 
 provided he has paid all his subscriptions, &c. A member who 
 has joined on coming newly out of his apprenticeship, shall be 
 entitled to a Travelling Card and six shillings when he has paid 
 the entire of his admission fee, and any subscriptions, fines, &c, 
 that he may be liable to. These are, when the Member is not 
 entitled by the rules to any larger allowance ; the six shillings 
 is payable only once in twelve months, and shall be refunded 
 should the member return within two months. — See sec. 3; 
 also Art. xv. sees. 12 and 13; and Art. xvi. 
 
19 
 
 7. A member losing his employment whilst out of benefit for 
 not clearing off arrears, shall not be entitled to benefit, unless 
 he has obtained four weeks' work in succession, and cleared off 
 all arrears. 
 
 8. Should a member be offered work, and not do the same 
 (Sunday excepted), upon its being proved, he shall not be 
 entitled to the allowance for that week ; and if received, he 
 shall refund it. 
 
 9. On its being reported to the President or Secretary 
 that a claimant has refused work (except on Sunday), or 
 claimed more than he was entitled to, or lost his employment, 
 whether casual or otherwise, from neglect, or from being, 
 through intemperance, unable to work when required, they 
 shall suspend his claim until the matter be investigated by the 
 Committee ; the Secretary shall summon the necessary par- 
 ties before the Committee, who shall, on the allegation being 
 proved, be empowered to suspend his claim for any number of 
 weeks not exceeding twenty-six, during which period he shall 
 not be entitled to the emigration allowance, or other pecuniary 
 benefit. Such suspension not to exempt him from payment of 
 the weekly subscription while at work during its operation. — 
 See Art. xxviii. 
 
 10. No member to receive more than one week's claim on any 
 Saturday night, unless by an order of the Committee, verified 
 by the Chairman. 
 
 11. Sick members shall not be entitled to receive the weekly 
 allowance. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 
 Unemployed Members. 
 
 1. A member out of employment to insert, prior to claiming, 
 his name, department, and residence, in a book, to be kept in 
 the house where the Society meets, that in case a supernu- 
 merary, &c, be w ? anted, he may be readily found. 
 
 2. Should he not obtain employment — to entitle him to the 
 full claim on the folio wing Saturday he must sign the book twice, 
 viz., on Tuesday and Saturday. To entitle a member to a 
 partial claim, he shall sign the book once in the week, either on 
 Tuesday or Saturday. The signing of the book on Saturday 
 to close at seven o'ciock in the evening. 
 
20 
 
 , 3. A member neglecting to sign the book to forfeit bis claim 
 for the week. 
 
 4. A member must attend personally to make the entry each 
 time. A member making a false entry, or procuring another 
 to make it, each to be fined or suspended from benefit for such 
 time as the Committee judge fit. 
 
 5. The Secretary to date and sign the book each day — which 
 shall be left on the table with the President whilst the claim- 
 ants are being paid. 
 
 ARTICLE XV. 
 
 Emigration. 
 
 1. A member (whether in employment or not) emigrating for 
 the sole purpose of obtaining employment at the printing busi- 
 ness, shall be entitled to the following allowance, subject to the 
 conditions specified : — 
 
 2. A member who is in benefit, and has paid altogether one 
 hundred and four weeks' subscription, whilst in employment, 
 shall receive, on emigrating to America or ot her distant country, 
 the sum of £6 ; the amount of any weekly payments he may 
 have received during the year to be deducted from it ; and if he 
 be out of benefit solely by reason of having drawn the full amount 
 of his claim, to be entitled to receive £2 See Art. xiii. sec. 9. 
 
 3. A member who has paidfifty-two weeks' subscription, after 
 his admission, whilst in employment, and otherwise in benefit, 
 shall receive, on emigrating to England or Scotland, the sum 
 of £2 — the amount of any weekly claims he may have received 
 during the year over £2, . to be deducted from it, but in any 
 case to receive ten shillings. This ten shillings payable only 
 once within twelve months. 
 
 4. A member emigrating to America, or other distant coun- 
 try, and returning after the expiration of two years from the 
 date of receiving the money, shall not be required to refund any 
 portion of same, but shall join as a new member. Should he 
 return at any period within two years, he shall refund to the 
 Society one twenty-fourth part of the sum he received, for 
 every month (or part of a month) he returns before the expira- 
 tion of the two years, and be recognized as a member. 
 
 5. A member emigrating to England or Scotland, and return- 
 ing within twelve months from the date of receiving the allow- 
 ance, shall refund one-twelfth part of the sum he received, for 
 
21 
 
 every month or part of a month he returns before the expira- 
 tion of the year, and be recognized as a member. Should he re- 
 turn after the expiration of the year, to join as a new member. 
 
 6. Each member applying for emigration money to procure 
 three sureties if going to America or other distant country ; 
 or two sureties if going to England or Scotland, who must be 
 members in benefit, and free of any like obligation, conditioned 
 that they will severally pay their proportion of the full amount 
 the member receives, in payments of one shilling each per 
 week, should he not embark within one fortnight after receiv- 
 ing the same, or such sum, in like payments, as may be required 
 by the foregoing section to be refunded after his return. 
 
 7. The names of the proposed sureties to be submitted to the 
 Committee, and be approved by them before being received as bail. 
 
 8. No surety to be entitled to emigration money so long as 
 his obligation exists, unless he procure a member to take upon 
 him the responsibility he is pledged to. 
 
 9. In order to protect sureties, and guard against imposition, 
 members emigrating are required to give to each surety an 
 "I OU "* for the amount he becomes surety for, which shall be 
 deposited with the Secretary, to enable their sureties to recover 
 from them such sums as they may be obliged to refund on their 
 behalf. No member to be entitled to any benefit whatever until 
 such sum as he may be required to refund is paid up, nor 
 until his securities are repaid any sum they may have been re- 
 quired to pay on his behalf. On the liquidation, by the per- 
 son who has drawn the emigration money, of all those debts, 
 the "10 U" shall be cancelled. 
 
 10. A notice, in writing, to be given to the Secretary by a 
 member at least three days previous to that on which he 
 intends to emigrate ; and a note from the fathers of such 
 chapels as he may have been employed in during the previous 
 month, stating whether any arrears of "horse" remain against 
 him, and that he has not lost his employment from intem- 
 perance or neglect See Art. xiii. sec. 9. 
 
 11. On a member claiming the emigration money for proceed - 
 ing to foreign countries, the Secretary shall pay the passage 
 
 * Note.— The following is the form of the "10 U":— 
 
 "IOU, A. B., the sum of pounds shillings pence. 
 
 165 
 
 " C. D." 
 
22 
 
 money into the hands of the agent or captain of the ship in 
 which said member wishes to depart ; and the emigrating mem- 
 ber shall be furnished, by the Secretary, with a card, on which 
 shall be conspicuously displayed the words, " Foreign Emigra- 
 tion Card." 
 
 1 2. A member not in full benefit, but who has paid his admission 
 fee, and is clear of his weekly subscriptions, to receive six shil- 
 lings once in the year. Should he not leave town, or if, having de- 
 parted, he return within two months, the money to be refunded. 
 If he should return within one year, to be recognized a member. 
 
 13. When a member returns after emigrating, he shall inform 
 the Secretary of his return, within one week, under a fine of 
 five shillings. 
 
 ARTICLE XVI. 
 Provincial Migration, 
 
 1. A member (whether in employment or not) desirous of 
 seeking employment through the provincial towns in Ireland, to 
 receive (if in benefit) the sum of fifteen shillings, and produce 
 two sureties (in benefit) for same. 
 
 2. The individual required to be absent two months — should 
 he return before the expiration of said time, he shall refund the 
 money, or his sureties be held accountable for it. A member re- 
 turning before the expiration of the two months, on his repay- 
 ing the amount he received, shall be in benefit, and entitled to 
 receive the weekly allowance, or the remaining portion thereof 
 for the year, the same as if he had not left the city. 
 
 3. A member having received the entire weekly allowance, 
 entitled to receive six shillings on his departure. A member 
 shall receive six shillings, though not in full benefit, provided 
 he has paid the entire of his entrance fee, and the weekly sub- 
 scription from the period of his admission ; should he return 
 before the expiration of two months, the six shillings (given in 
 either case) to be refunded, and in no case shall it be given 
 more than once in the year. — See Art. xiii. sec. 6. 
 
 4. A member not leaving the city within one week after ob- 
 taining the money to refund the same, and the various provi- 
 sions of Article XV., relative to the responsibility, obligation, 
 and protection of sureties, to be made available, and acted 
 upon, as if the same were inserted in this article. 
 
23 
 
 ARTICLE XVII. 
 
 Tramps, 
 
 1. An individual arriving in this city on "tramp," on pro- 
 ducing a card from an accredited Society which gives pecuniary 
 assistance on our Dublin cards to travelling members, and 
 depositing same with the Secretary, shall receive three shil- 
 lings and a card entitling him to apply for work. Should 
 he not succeed, and wish to resume his journey, he shall 
 receive back his card, and a further sum of three shillings 
 to enable him to leave town. 
 
 [This second payment is given to obviate the necessity of 
 tramps applying to the different offices under the plea of not 
 being able to leave town, as is frequently done almost imme- 
 diately after receiving the Society allowance, and chapels are 
 earnestly requested to discourage this demoralizing practice.] 
 
 2. Should the individual remain in the city, and become a 
 member of the Society, the amount he received to be refunded. 
 
 3. No individual to be relieved more than once within twelve 
 months. 
 
 ARTICLE XVIII. 
 
 Members Summoned, 
 
 Members summoned to appear before the Committee, Coun- 
 cil, or Auditors, and not appearing at the specified time, to be 
 fined one shilling — if absent the entire night, two shillings. 
 
 ARTICLE XIX. 
 
 Disorderly Members. 
 
 1. A member appearing at any of the meetings of the 
 Society, or attending (in obedience to a summons requiring 
 his attendance) the Council, Committee, or Auditors, intoxi- 
 cated, to be considered as not having attended, and fined one 
 shilling and sixpence, in addition to the fines in Article XVIII. 
 for enforcing an attendance. 
 
 2. A member acting disorderly at any meeting to be fined 
 one shilling, and ordered out of the room by the President ; 
 should he not retire when so directed, to be fined two shillings 
 and sixpence. 
 
24 
 
 ARTICLE XX. 
 
 Paying Fines, fyc, and Refunding Emigration Money. 
 
 1. Fines, balances of admission fees, &c, to be paid (unless 
 otherwise specially provided) at the rate of sixpence per week, 
 in addition to his weekly subscription, when the member's 
 earnings amount to twelve shillings ; and at one shilling per 
 week, in addition to his subscription, when he earns one pound. 
 
 2. When fines or admission fees are to be paid by instal- 
 ments, or emigration money to be refunded, &c, each defi- 
 ciency in payment to be considered and dealt with as a week's 
 subscription in arrear. — See Art. xi. sees. 3 and 4. 
 
 ARTICLE XXI. 
 
 Calling Committee. 
 
 1. Chapels or members conceiving themselves aggrieved, 
 on depositing six shillings with the Secretary are privileged to 
 have the Committee summoned — the party decided against to 
 be charged with said deposit, which shall go to the funds of the 
 Society. 
 
 2. An appeal from the decision of the Committee may be 
 had by reference to the houses, through a Delegate Meeting ; 
 the party appealing to deposit ten shillings in the hands of the 
 Secretary, and forfeit same should the decision be given 
 against him. 
 
 ARTICLE XXII. 
 
 Delegate and General Meetings. 
 
 1. There shall be four stated Delegate Meetings in the year, 
 held on the third Wednesday, respectively, in the months of 
 January, April, July, and October. 
 
 2. At each of the stated Quarterly Delegate Meetings, it 
 shall be open to the delegates to discuss any matters that 
 may seem to them of interest to the Society. On all altera- 
 tions of Rules, of which due notice had been given through 
 
2< r 
 
 the Council, one fortnight previously, and all questions of im- 
 portance, the votes of the members shall be taken, and returned 
 through the Council on the second Saturday evening, subse- 
 quent to the meeting ; and when so recorded, shall be 
 decisive until a General Meeting. In matters of minor impor- 
 tance, arising at the table, and on which those in attendance 
 feel competent to decide, the votes of the individual delegates 
 present to be counted. 
 
 3. Every Delegate Meeting to consist of a member from 
 each house employing from one to nine men — and two, from 
 ten men upwards. 
 
 4. The roll shall be called by the Secretary at a quarter to 
 nine o'clock, and houses not appearing by their delegate (or 
 delegates, as the case may be) shall be fined the sum of six- 
 pence. Before the adjournment of the meeting, the roli shall 
 be again called, and houses not then appearing by their dele- 
 gate (or delegates) shall be fined the sum of one shilling — 
 making the fine for total absence one shilling and sixpence. 
 The fines to be charged to the individuals in the house where 
 they neglect to appoint the delegate (or delegates) as per 
 rule ; but shall be charged to any delegate absent, who has 
 been duly appointed, provided the father report the name of 
 the member so delegated. Should the meeting be adjourned 
 to a future night, members to attend subject to the above fines, 
 
 5. A Delegate Meeting may be called by the Committee, 
 when they deem the same necessary. Such Delegate Meeting 
 to be subject to the same regulations, in reference to attend- 
 ance of delegates, &c, as are laid down for the Quarterly Dele- 
 gate Meetings, with the exception of the Chairman, and the 
 hour appointed — which latter shall be fixed by the Committee, 
 The Secretary shall be charged with the fines of any houses 
 he may neglect to summon. 
 
 6. At the Quarterly Delegate Meetings, the chair to be 
 taken by the President of the Council for the quarter in which 
 they are held. When the Committee call a Delegate Meet- 
 ing, the Chairman of the Committee shall preside. Should 
 the Chairman, in either case, not be in attendance at the 
 hour specified, nor have provided a substitute, he shall be 
 fined two shillings, and the meeting select a Chairman from 
 amongst the members present. 
 
 C 
 
2G 
 
 General Meetings. 
 
 7. Should the Committee deem it necessary to call a Ge- 
 neral Meeting, the Secretary shall summon the members, on 
 receiving written directions to that effect, signed by the Chair- 
 man and two of its members. 
 
 8. The chair to be taken at all General Meetings, by the 
 President of the Council for the quarter in which they are held, 
 at half-past eight o'clock. 
 
 9. Should the President not be in attendance at the hour 
 specified, he shall be fined two shillings, and the meeting shall 
 select a Chairman from amongst the members present. 
 
 10. For preserving order and securing despatch in the dis- 
 cussion of any subject that may be brought before a general 
 meeting, the proposer of a resolution to confine himself strictly 
 to the subject- — all other members desirous of addressing the 
 meeting to do so as briefly as possible, and not to be permitted 
 to speak twice on any one question, save in explanation. 
 
 11. Should a member persist in addressing the meeting, after 
 the Chairman announcing to him that he is out of order, he 
 shall be fined sixpence; should he still persist, to be ordered 
 out of the room, and fined two shilings. 
 
 12. Should a scrutiny be demanded after the President has 
 declared the result of a division, he shall appoint two tellers 
 from each party, who shall divide and reckon the meeting. 
 
 13. Should the meeting be protracted, and an adjournment 
 requisite, the Chairman shall announce the same at eleven o'clock. 
 
 14. Adjourned meetings to be held on the following Satur- 
 day, or such other night as the meeting may approve. 
 
 15. A General Meeting may be called by the Secretary, on 
 receiving a requisition to that effect, signed by at least one 
 hundred and fifty members of the Society. 
 
 16. In order to guard against the admission of individuals 
 who are not members, at General Meetings, each member shall 
 produce his card to the door-keepers ; two efficient members 
 to be appointed by the Committee, and to be paid two shillings 
 and sixpence each for their services. 
 
 ARTICLE XXIII. 
 
 Closing Houses in support of the Constitution. 
 1. Should it at any time be deemed necessary, for the pur- 
 
27 
 
 pose of supporting the regulated price of labour, or the better 
 carrying out of the objects of the Society, to order any of the 
 members to leave their employment, the Committee shall direct 
 the Secretary to summon a special delegate meeting, before 
 whom they shall lay a statement of their proceedings on the 
 subject in dispute, with their recommendation, that the same 
 may be submitted for the consideration of the different chapels 
 by each delegate, who shall return their opinions, with the 
 votes of the members, for or against, at an adjourned meeting, 
 to be held for that purpose ; when, should a majority of the 
 Society approve of the recommendation, the same shall be 
 binding on every member. 
 
 2. No recommendation to close a house shall be made by the 
 Committee, until after all possible means have been adopted 
 for settling the subject in dispute between the employer and 
 his men. 
 
 3. The Committee to be prepared to submit to the first 
 meeting of delegates, for the approval of the houses, the amount 
 of compensation to be allowed to each individual leaving his 
 employment, stating the sum per week, with the number of 
 weeks, or, should the individual prefer emigrating, the amount 
 to be allowed him in lieu of the weekly allowance — the opinions 
 of the members on the same to be returned along with their votes 
 on the recommendation of the Committee; and if approved of by 
 a majority of the Society, to be binding on all parties concerned. 
 
 4. If necessary, in order to meet the expenses attendant on 
 carrying out the recommendation, and to prevent the funds 
 being reduced below an adequate sum for the other purposes 
 of the Society, namely, the paying the weekly claimants and 
 emigrants, and assisting tramps, &c, a graduated scale of levy 
 on members in employment, and the period for which it shall 
 continue, shall be submitted for approval by the Committee, in 
 like manner as the scale for compensation; and if approved 
 by a majority of the Society, shall be paid by every member 
 thereof, subject to the fines laid down for enforcing payment 
 of the weekly subscription. 
 
 5. Should a prolongation of the period for paying the levy 
 be deemed requisite, the Committee shall take the opinions of 
 the members through the houses on the same, without whose 
 approval it shall not be enforced. 
 
28 
 
 6. When a house has been closed, it shall be announced at 
 the Council, on the following Saturday evening, by the Secre- 
 tary. 
 
 ARTICLE XXIV. 
 
 Alterations of Rules. 
 
 1. A fortnight's notice to be given, through the Council, of 
 all alterations in the rules to be submitted for the consideration 
 of the Society at each delegate or general meeting. 
 
 2. Should the Committee deem it necessary to suspend the 
 operation of a rule, or to propose one for the better govern- 
 ment of the Society, and, at the same time, not think it of suffi- 
 cient importance to warrant the expense or inconvenience 
 attending a general or delegate meeting, they shall submit the 
 same to the bouses ; and should a majority of the roll approve 
 of the same, to be binding until the next delegate or general 
 meeting, when it shall be again submitted for approval. 
 
 3. No alteration of a rule passed at a general meeting called 
 by requisition shall be binding, unless a fortnight's notice be 
 given of the same through the Council. 
 
 4. For the preservation of alterations that may be made from 
 time to time, the secretary shall provide a book, to be called 
 the " Alteration of Laws Book," in which he shall enter such 
 alterations as may have received the approbation of the So- 
 ciety, with their dates : and produce the same to the Council 
 on the Saturday after passing, for the President's signature, 
 or in default thereof forfeit one shilling for each night he ne- 
 glects to submit them. 
 
 ARTICLE XXV. 
 
 Place for transacting the Business of the Society. 
 
 1. The meetings of the Committee and Council shall be held, 
 and the general business of the Society transacted, in such 
 house, and such rent paid for the accommodation, as the Com- 
 mittee shall recommend to the Society, and be approved of by 
 a majority of the members. 
 
 2. No change of house, nor alteration in the rent, to be made 
 
29 
 
 (unless on an emergency, and for a temporary purpose), with- 
 out the previous sanction of a majority of the members of the 
 Society. 
 
 ARTICLE XXVI. 
 
 The Funds of the Society. 
 
 The moneys to be raised under the provisions of these rules 
 are to be devoted exclusively to the purposes specified therein, 
 and to paying such expenses as shall be incurred in carrying 
 them into effect ; but should an occasion arise, requiring, in 
 the opinion of the Committee, an expenditure not provided for, 
 they shall take the votes of the members, through the houses, 
 on the subject ; and if approved of by a majority of the Society, 
 to be a sufficient authority to the Stockholders for paying, and 
 the Auditors for allowing the same. 
 
 ARTICLE XXVII. 
 Accounts, 
 
 At the stated delegate meetings, the Secretary shall read 
 the accounts of the past quarter — showing therein the amount 
 received, as subscriptions, fines, admission fees, and repayments 
 of emigration money (if any) ; and an account of the amount 
 expended, giving only the total number of the claimants and 
 tramps, with the gross sum paid to each class, and detailing 
 all other items separately ; likewise the names of all individuals 
 admitted, or who have ceased to be members, during the quar- 
 ter, stating opposite the names of those who are no longer 
 members, the reasons — whether from emigration, non-payment 
 of subscriptions or fines, or from whatever other cause the 
 same may have occurred. 
 
 ARTICLE XXVIII. 
 
 Defrauding the Society, 
 
 If a member be discovered defrauding the Society, either di- 
 rectly or indirectly, he shall, on same being proved to the 
 Committee, be dealt with as they shall deem suitable ; if the 
 
 c 2 
 
30 
 
 fraud be of an aggravated nature, he shall be immediately ex- 
 pelled. Any member aiding, abetting, concealing, or being 
 accessory to such fraud, shall, on conviction, be fined any sum 
 not less than two shillings and sixpence. 
 
 ARTICLE XXIX. 
 
 Leaving "Horse 
 
 1. Should a member leave his employment after having written 
 " horse" without clearing it off, on demand of the employer 
 within one month, the Committee, on same being satisfactorily 
 proved, shall make an order for its payment out of the funds 
 of the Society, provided that it does not exceed six shillings — 
 the Society not holding itself responsible for more than that 
 sum — and charge it to the individual's account, to be paid by 
 instalments of such amount as they shall direct, whilst in em- 
 ployment, under the penalties provided for enforcing payment 
 
 of the weekly subscription See Art. xi. sec. 4 ; Art. xiii. sec. 
 
 2 ; and Art. xx. 
 
 2. Charges made for making up, correcting, putting to press, 
 or clearing away matter belonging to a member who has ceased 
 to be employed in a house, shall not be considered " horse," 
 unless he has been afforded an opportunity of completing his 
 work within one fortnight after leaving the house. 
 
 ARTICLE XXX. 
 
 Members working in Two Establishments, 
 
 A member earning on an average the sum of one pound 
 per week in a situation, shall not assist in any other establish- 
 ment, unless when men belonging to the Society cannot be had, 
 and first making reference to the Secretary, under a penalty 
 not exceeding one guinea ; should he not quit the same when 
 required, to be dealt with as the Committee may direct. 
 
 ARTICLE XXXI. 
 
 Applying for Situations. 
 
 In order to afford individuals holding situations, who may be 
 under notice, an opportunity of retaining the same, no member 
 
81 
 
 shall apply for, or accept of, the situation of another, without 
 first apprizing him, under such penalty as may be inflicted by 
 the Committee, on its being proved to their satisfaction. 
 
 ARTICLE XXXII. 
 
 Apprentices, 
 
 1. That each person commencing book or job printing, as 
 an employer, when employing two men permanently,* be allowed 
 to take two apprentices ; and' that on his business increasing 
 so as to enable him to employ four men permanently, he shall 
 be entitled to a third ; to a fourth, when he permanently em- 
 ploys six men ; to a fifth, when he permanently employs nine 
 men ; and to a sixth, when he permanently employs twelve 
 men or upwards throughout the year : which maximum number 
 of six apprentices shall not be exceeded under any pretence 
 whatever. Where practicable, the sons of the members of our 
 profession are to have a preference ; it being considered they 
 have a birth-right claim upon the trade, and one which, we 
 trust, few employers will dispute. — See Art. xxxiii. sec. 1. 
 
 2. That when a boy is taken on trial into an office where the 
 number of apprentices is below the prescribed limits, he shall 
 be regularly bound within three months from the date of his 
 admission into such establishment. 
 
 3. That a newspaper, at commencement, shall not be allowed 
 more than two apprentices ; when twelve months in existence, 
 it shall be allowed three, to four men ; four, to six men 
 (smooters not to be counted) ; and the number of four ap- 
 prentices on a newspaper shall not be exceeded under any 
 circumstance. No newspaper that does not employ two men 
 permanently, to be allowed more than one apprentice. 
 
 4. When a newspaper is printed in connexion with a book 
 or job house, the entire establishment to be regulated, as to 
 
 * No man to be considered permanently employed who has not averaged, 
 throughout the entire year, nearly the established wages. [This explanation of 
 the term is considered indispensable, in consequence of the treatment which men 
 often receive in book offices ; where, owing to bad management, deficiency of ma- 
 terials, and most vexatious delays, they cannot earn more than a few shillings per 
 week, although possessed both of capability and industry ; yet, when an increase 
 of apprentices is required, men so circumstanced are, by the interested party, repre- 
 sented as fully employed !] 
 
32 
 
 the number of apprentices, in strict accordance with the rules 
 of a book-house. Where more newspapers than one are printed 
 in the same establishment, they are to be considered as one 
 publication, and governed by the existing rules. 
 
 5. No apprentice shall be allowed to change from one office 
 to another, except upon occasion of the death or retirement 
 from business of his master ; and any boy serving a second 
 master, whose office is unfair when he enters it, upon applying 
 to be admitted a member of this Society, shall be regarded as 
 an unfair man. — See Art. x. sec. 9. 
 
 6. Apprentices who have served the whole or part of their 
 time in unfair offices (if such offices were unfair when they 
 entered them, or if such apprentices have in any way thwarted 
 the designs of the Society), upon applying to be admitted 
 members, shall be referred to the Committee, and further dealt 
 with as provided in Article x. sec. 9. 
 
 7. Any house employing a turn-over apprentice, whose 
 previous master is still living and in business, and whose in- 
 dentures have not been legally cancelled, shall be dealt with as 
 an unfair house. 
 
 8. Boys who may allege that they have served part of their 
 apprenticeship, shall not be allowed such time unless they 
 produce the original indenture, or proof of having been legally 
 bound. 
 
 9. Apprentices on their first year at press, to be allowed 
 for to the journeyman, at the rate of six shillings per week 
 for the first six months, and five shillings per week for the 
 second six months. 
 
 ARTICLE XXXIII. 
 
 Machine Printing. 
 
 1. Taking an apprentice to machine printing exclusively, in 
 a house possessing its maximum of boys, is an infringement of 
 the Society's rules regarding apprentices. 
 
 2. No member having the care of, or working at a machine, 
 shall instruct a boy who is not regularly indentured, in the 
 knowledge of his art — such practices being subversive of the 
 best interests of the Society. 
 
33 
 
 3. No member shall accept of a second situation in under- 
 taking the management of a machine out of the establishment 
 in which he is employed. 
 
 ARTICLE XXXIV. 
 
 Non-amicables and Apprentices. 
 
 1. In houses where members of the Society are regularly 
 employed, they shall not, on any account, work with non- 
 amicables, or with individuals who refuse to join the Society 
 within one month after being required, 
 
 2. On the introduction of an apprentice beyond the pre- 
 scribed number, or a non-amicable, into an office, a chapel 
 shall be immediately convened ; and should a remonstrance to 
 the employer against the same not be deemed prudent or ad- 
 visable, notice shall be given to the Secretary to summon the 
 Committee, who shall forthwith take the subject into consider- 
 ation. Should such notice not be given within one week after 
 the occurrence, each member of the chapel shall be fined in a 
 sum not exceeding five shillings. 
 
 ARTICLE XXXV. 
 Superannuation Fund. 
 
 1. That the sum of one shilling in the pound of the weekly 
 receipts, be set aside to form a fund for the purpose of afford- 
 ing a permanent weekly allowance to any member permanently 
 incapacitated, by old age or bodily infirmity, from earning a 
 livelihood, whom the Society shall deem worthy of such a pro- 
 vision — which shall not be considered as a charity, but as a 
 testimony alike honourable to the giver and the receiver. 
 
 2. This fund shall be under the management of the Commit- 
 tee ; who may hereafter adopt such means as may be suggested 
 for its increase, and shall decide when a recipient may be 
 elected. 
 
 3. The election shall be by ballot. The candidate shall be 
 proposed and seconded by members at the Council, and his 
 claims set forth. The ballots to be returned on either of the 
 two following Saturday nights, when, if two-thirds of the 
 members of the Society vote in his favour, he shall be elected. 
 
 4. The allowance shall be six shillings per week. 
 
34 
 
 5. No person shall be proposed, or considered eligible as a 
 recipient of this fund, unless he has been a member of the 
 Dublin Typographical Provident Society for ten years, — has 
 been a member for the two years previous to his application, 
 is clear on the books, and free from any censure. 
 
 6. Should it be represented to the Committee at any time 
 that a recipient does not continue to merit or require this al- 
 lowance, they shall direct a ballot to take place, and unless 
 two-thirds of the members in the Society vote in favour of its 
 continuance, it shall be paid no longer. 
 
 ARTICLE XXXVI. 
 
 Allowance to Representatives of Deceased Members, 
 
 On the death of a member (he not being six weeks in arrear 
 at the time of his death, and being otherwise in benefit), the 
 sum of £3 shall be paid to his representatives — deducting his 
 arrears, if any. 
 
 ARTICLE XXXVII. 
 
 Furnishing Members with Copies of Rules. — Lost Cards. 
 
 h Each member of the Society to be furnished with a copy 
 of this Constitution ; should a second copy be required at any 
 time, the sum of sixpence to be paid for same, which shall go 
 to the general fund. 
 
 2. Should a member lose his half-yearly card, and have to 
 procure a renewal, he shall pay twopence for the new one so 
 issued. 
 
 THE END. 
 
SCALE OF PRICES 
 
 FOR 
 
 € amy a ait ax* attfo 
 
 AGREED UPON BY THE 
 
 EMPLOYEES AND JOURNEYMEN PRINTERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF DUBLIN, 
 
 FEBRUARY 9, 1829. 
 
 REPRINTED IN SEPTEMBER, 1853, WITH 
 
 ! EXPLANATORY NOTES, 
 
 SHOWING THE GENERAL PRACTICE OF THE TRADE, 
 
 n as nun, 
 
 DUBLIN: 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, 
 
 BY GEORGE DROUGHT, 6, BACHELOR'S-WALK. 
 1853. 
 
At a Meeting of the Employers and Journeymen 
 Printers of the City of Dublin, held on the 29th day of 
 January, 1829, at the house of George and John 
 Grierson, Esqrs., His Majesty's Printers, for the pur- 
 pose of arranging the Rules and Prices, the following 
 were unanimously adopted, to be in force from and after 
 the 9th day of February, 1829. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Em- 
 ployers, by 
 
 G. & J. Grierson, 
 
 A. B. King, 
 *R. Graisberry, 
 Wm. Folds & Son, 
 John Chambers, 
 Bentham & Hardy, 
 Joshua Porter, 
 Wm. Underwood, 
 Wm. McDonnell, 
 Nicholas Clarke, 
 Michael Goodwin, 
 Joseph Blundell, 
 Thomas White, 
 Richard Webb. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Journey - 
 men, by 
 
 George Keyser, 
 Thomas Murphy, 
 David A. Hayes, 
 Patrick Carroll, 
 Hugh Lynar, 
 Henry Keating, 
 John Ellis, 
 William Frazer, 
 Elias North, 
 Josias Paine, 
 Luke Sheerin, 
 John Plasto, 
 Charles Reilly, 
 Patrick Doyle. 
 
 James Charles, Sec. 
 
 George Walker, Sec. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 Abstract of Scale .22 
 
 Algebra 12 
 
 Ruled 12 
 
 Alterations in proofs 19, 29 
 
 in furniture 17 
 
 Appendix 29 
 
 Arithmetics, &c. . 12 
 
 Bastard Founts 32 
 
 Blank Pages 34 
 
 Book -work Proofs and Slips 29 
 
 Bordered Pages 33 
 
 Broadsides 20 
 
 Pressmen's Charges 25 
 
 Casting off 9 
 
 Cards — Pressmen's Charge 25, 26 
 
 Dimensions of 25 
 
 Catalogues 14 
 
 Circular Letters — Pressmen's Charge . . . .26 
 
 Column Matter 14 
 
 Coloured Work — Pressmen's Charge . . . .26 
 
 Contractions 33 
 
 Correcting 19, 29 
 
 Dead Characters 11, 12 
 
 Dialects . 33 
 
 Dictionaries .13 
 
 Different Volumes . . . . . . . .17 
 
 Different sized Paper 17 
 
 Disputes, how settled 9 
 
 Endorses 19 
 
 Pressmen's Charge 27 
 
 D 
 
6 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 English Dictionaries . 13, 33 
 
 Grammars . 14, 33 
 
 Established Wages 31 
 
 Foreign Language . . .11 
 
 Grammars, Spelling-Books, &c 14 
 
 Furniture 17 
 
 alteration of 17 
 
 Grammars . . 14 
 
 Great Primer 10 
 
 Greek . ......... 11 
 
 Small Complement 12 
 
 Inserted . 34 
 
 Ruled 12 
 
 Headings and Endorses .19 
 
 Pressmen's Charge . . . 26, 27 
 
 Hebrew, &c, and Irish 11 
 
 Inserted 34 
 
 Ruled 12 
 
 Small Complement . . .12 
 
 Hours of Working 31 
 
 Irish (see Hebrew) .11 
 
 Imposition of two pages . . . . . . .18 
 
 Interlinear Matter . . . . . . . .33 
 
 Jobs 20 
 
 Pressmen's Charge . . . . . . 24,26,27 
 
 Labels 20, 34 
 
 Leases — Pressmen's Charge . . . . . .26 
 
 Manuscript . . . - . . . . . .10 
 
 Members on the Establishment 31 
 
 To give and receive a Fortnight's Notice 32 
 
 Miscellaneous 34 
 
 Music , , . .17 
 
 Newspaper Rules . . . . . . . .35 
 
 Notes, Bottom 15 
 
 Side . 16 
 
 Incut 16 
 
 Inserted 34 
 
 Pressmen's Scale 24 
 
 Old Spelling 33 
 
 Parchment Jobs — Pressmen's Charge . . . .27 
 
CONTENTS. 7 
 
 Page 
 
 Paper, dimensions of 28 
 
 Pedigrees '33 
 
 Pharmacopoeias 33 
 
 Pressmen's Scale . . . . . . . .23 
 
 Prefatory Matter 34 
 
 Proof .19,29 
 
 Pressmen's Charge 27 
 
 Ruled Work 18 
 
 Pressmen's Charge 26 
 
 Algebra, Greek, &c 12 
 
 Slang 33 
 
 Spelling-Books, &c. .14 
 
 Stereotype 32 
 
 Pressmen's Charges, bringing-up . . .24 
 
 Superiors 33 
 
 Tabular and Table Work 18 
 
 Two Pages, imposition of 18 
 
 Titles .34 
 
 Undersized Works 10 
 
 Woodcuts . . 34 
 
 Working on Time 19, 32 
 
 Works on Royal Paper — Pressmen's Charge . . .24 
 Works unprovided for 21, 33 
 
COMPOSITORS' SCALE OF PRICES. 
 
 When a dispute arises in reference to the application of these ar- 
 ticles or notes, to any work, the usual practice which has been generally 
 found satisfactory in settling the matter, is for the house to appoint 
 one man, and the compositor or companionship another, and these to 
 appoint a third, who shall adjudicate the matter. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Casting Off. 
 
 All Works in the English language, common matter (in- 
 cluding Brevier and English), to be cast up at five-pence per 
 thousand — if in Minion, five-pence halfpenny ; Nonpareil, 
 sixpence farthing ; and Pearl, seven-pence farthing — head 
 and direction, or signature-lines, included. 
 
 A thick space to be considered an [en] in the width ; an 
 [en j to be reckoned an [em] in the length of the page ; and 
 where the number of letters amounts to five hundred, one 
 thousand to be charged ; if under five hundred, not to be 
 reckoned ; and if the calculation at per thousand shall not 
 amount to an odd sixpence, the odd pence to be suppressed 
 in the price of the Work, but where it amounts to or exceeds 
 sixpence, there shall be one shilling charged — [em] and [en] 
 quadrats, or whatever is used at the beginning and end of 
 the lines, to be reckoned an [em] in the width. 
 
 [Ruby, Diamond, &c There is no provision in the scale for Ruby, 
 
 which is intermediate between Nonpareil and Pearl, nor for any size 
 less than Pearl. Following the London practice, Ruby should be 
 cast off at the intermediate price (under Article I.) of 6|d. per thou- 
 sand, and Diamond with a proportionate advance on Pearl, namely, 
 9 ^d. per thousand, and be entitled to the extras provided in the other 
 articles. A fount equal in depth to half a Nonpareil has been intro- 
 
 d 2 
 
10 
 
 duced in Paris by Didot, but has not been as yet generally brought 
 into use in this country. 
 
 Although a work be printed in half sheets,' it is cast up in sheets. 
 The head or folio line, and the white or direction line, are included in 
 the square of the page, and if the head lines are set up in smaller type 
 than the body of the work, they are charged as notes ; and if any 
 justification of figures, &c, occur in them, an allowance is made for 
 extra trouble.] 
 
 AKTICLE II. 
 
 Great Primer. 
 
 All Works done in Great Primer, or larger type, to be 
 cast up as English. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 Under size Works, 
 Works that do not come to the undernamed prices, per 
 sheet, when cast up according to Article I. (such as small- 
 sized folios, quartos, octavos, or under, &c), to be paid as 
 follows : — 
 
 English and larger type, Seven Shillings, 
 Pica, .... Eight Shillings and Sixpence, 
 Octavos and under 9 in Pica, Nine Shillings, 
 Small Pica, . . . Eleven Shillings, 
 Long Primer, . . Fourteen Shillings, 
 re Bourgeois, . . . Seventeen Shillings, and 
 Brevier, . . . Twenty Shillings per Sheet. 
 
 [The modern double-pot, double-cap, double-post, and double-crown 
 half- sheets of sixteens are not to be considered undersized.] 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Manuscript. 
 
 Manuscript copy, or a Work having been printed before, 
 but now so varied or corrected as to equal Manuscript in 
 trouble, to be paid one halfpenny per thousand in addition 
 to the rules which govern book- work, except Manuscript copy 
 for Jobs. 
 
 [If the copy for a book be print-copy, but derived from various 
 sources, such book is an original work, and paid as manuscript. 
 Works materially altered, or much interlined, or part manuscript and 
 
11 
 
 part reprint, are also considered original works, and paid as manu- 
 script. 
 
 When manuscript copy is not legibly written, or so interlined or 
 altered as to cause delay to the compositor, an extra allowance 
 should be made.] 
 
 AETICLE V. 
 
 Foreign Language — Common Type. 
 All Works in Foreign Language, though common type 
 (including Brevier and English), to be cast up at five-pence 
 halfpenny per thousand — if in Minion, sixpence — Nonpareil, 
 sixpence three farthings — and Pearl, seven-pence three 
 farthings. 
 
 [Works in foreign language, cast up according to this rule, are en- 
 titled to all the extras for manuscript, grammar, or dictionary matter, 
 columns, &c. 
 
 When portions of a sheet are set up in foreign language, such por- 
 tions are cast up separately, and the extra price added.] 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 Greek. 
 
 Greek without accents (the asper not to be considered 
 one) to be cast up at eight-pence per thousand — with accents, 
 nine-pence. 
 
 When Greek, or any of the dead characters, is intermixed 
 (as in Grammars, &c), to be paid as if the entire were Greek, 
 or such other dead character, &c. 
 
 [Works cast up under this Article are entitled to all the extras for 
 manuscript, dictionary, grammar, columns, &c] 
 
 AETICLE VII. 
 Hebrew, fyc Irish. 
 
 Hebrew, Arabic, Saxon, Syriac, &c, to be paid double 
 the prices specified in Article I. 
 
 Hebrew, with points, to be cast up as half points and half 
 Hebrew doubled. 
 
 Irish to be paid seven-pence halfpenny per thousand. 
 
 [Works cast up under this article are entitled to all the extras for 
 manuscript, dictionary, grammar, columns, &c] 
 
12 
 
 ARTICLE VIIL 
 
 Greek, fyc — Small Complement. 
 Where any quantity of Greek, Hebrew, Saxon, Syriac, 
 &c, or any of the dead characters, is interspersed, and does 
 not exceed one line in any one sheet, to be paid, for each 
 character, sixpence for said sheet ; 
 
 One to three lines, one shilling ; 
 Three to six lines, two shillings ; and 
 Six to twelve lines, three shillings. 
 All above to be paid according to their value. Not less 
 than an average line of the Work to constitute a line. 
 
 [The Greek in the sheet is measured, and charged per scale, accord- 
 ing to the number of lines up to twelve lines. When it amounts to 
 more than twelve lines, the compositor charges three shillings for the 
 first twelve lines, and casts up the remaining portion.] 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 Ruled Algebra, Greek, cj*c. 
 Algebra, Greek, or Hebrew, &c, Ruled- work, to be paid 
 one-half in addition to the price of the W r ork. 
 
 [This article only refers to the higher classes of Algebra — viz., 
 those paid at 8d. or lOd. per thousand.] 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 Arithmetics, fyc. 
 Arithmetics, and similar W'orks, to be paid two-pence per 
 thousand, in addition to the specified prices in Article I. 
 
 [The additional charge of 2d. per thousand is exclusive of any other 
 extra the work may be entitled to under any other Article, for manu- 
 script copy, columns, tables, &c] 
 
 ARTICLE XL 
 Algebra. 
 
 Algebraic Works to be cast up at ten-pence per thousand. 
 Where Algebra is interspersed, and amounts on an average 
 to— 
 
 Two pages (but does not exceed three and a-half pages) 
 in a sheet of quarto, 
 
13 
 
 Three pages (but does not exceed seven pages) in octavo, 
 Five pages (but does not exceed eleven pages) in twelves, 
 to be cast up at eight-pence per thousand. 
 Where Algebra does not amount to the afore-nanied 
 smaller quantities, or only interspersed with signs, &c, to be 
 cast up at sixpence per thousand. 
 
 [It is difficult to define what is meant by a page of Algebra in this 
 article ; however, for all practical purposes, the following explanation 
 will be found to answer : — 
 
 Algebraical and other mathematical works, with fractional or 
 algebraic workings numerously interspersed, are paid not less than 
 double the price of common matter. If the workings are composed of 
 a smaller type than the body of the work, an extra charge is made 
 for the small type. Algebraic works of a lighter character are consi- 
 dered as entitled to the next scale, namely, 8d. per thousand. 
 
 Complex algebra to be settled according to Article XXX. 
 
 When lines or small portions of algebra occur in different parts of a 
 work, such pages as the workings are in are paid double the price of 
 plain pages — if with signs, only one-half. 
 
 Compositors are in all cases to clear away any algebra they com- 
 pose. 
 
 This article is also entitled to the usual extras.] 
 
 AETICLE XII. 
 
 English Dictionaries, 
 
 English Dictionaries of every size (including Brevier and 
 English) to be cast up at five-pence halfpenny per thousand. 
 — [In this Article are not included Gazeteers, Geographical 
 Dictionaries, Dictionaries of Arts and Sciences, and Works 
 of a similar description.] 
 
 Dictionaries of two or more languages, common type (in- 
 cluding Brevier and English), to be paid sixpence. 
 
 If in smaller type than Brevier, to take the proportionate 
 advance specified in Article I. 
 
 [In excluding gazeteers, dictionaries of arts and sciences, &c, from 
 the advance given by this Article, such only were intended as re- 
 quired no extra trouble, or were mere descriptive matter. Those con- 
 taining many references, italics, contractions, &c, are charged t the 
 advanced price as dictionaries. This Article does not deprive the 
 work of any other extra it may be entitled to.] 
 
14 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 English Grammars, Spelling -Books, §*c. 
 English Grammars, Spelling-Books, and Works of these 
 descriptions (in Brevier or larger type), to be paid five-pence 
 farthing per thousand — if in two languages, or Foreign lan- 
 guage, five-pence halfpenny per thousand. 
 
 [By this rule it was intended to allow an additional farthing per 
 thousand for the extra trouble on works of this kind ; yet if a gram- 
 mar is entirely in a foreign language, it is entitled to no more than 
 plain matter in a foreign language; however, in such cases, it is 
 usual to allow the extra farthing. This Article does not deprive the 
 work of any other extra it may be entitled to, except for column 
 matter, to which it is not entitled unless the columns exceed three ; 
 and if in smaller type than Brevier, it takes the proportionate ad- 
 vance.] 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 Column Matter. 
 
 Works, or parts of Works, done in columns, to be paid 
 one shilling per sheet for each column after the first. 
 
 Article XIII. not to take advantage of this Rule, unless 
 the columns exceed three, in which case an additional shil- 
 ling only shall be charged. 
 
 [Column matter, as distinguished from table and tabular, is matter 
 of the same measure made up continuously in two or more columns, 
 not reading across the page nor dependent upon each other for their 
 arrangement.] 
 
 ARTICLE XY. 
 
 Catalogues. 
 
 Booksellers' Trade Catalogues (in whatever language) to 
 be cast up at seven-pence per thousand. 
 
 Sale Catalogues, five-pence halfpenny per thousand. 
 Auctioneers' Catalogues, as common matter. 
 
 [Booksellers' Trade Catalogues are those having two columns of 
 figures, giving the retail and trade prices. Sale Catalogues have but 
 one column of figures. 
 
 The restriction, " in whatever language," applies only to Trade 
 Catalogues, where the Roman type is used ; the other two take the 
 extra for foreign language. 
 
 Where notes or remarks are inserted in catalogues, in a different 
 
15 
 
 fount from the work, they are charged the same as bottom notes. 
 When the copy of a catalogue is sent in without numbers at the 
 beginning of the article, or with incorrect numbers, and ^ the com- 
 positor is required to insert numbers, or to alter them, he is entitled 
 to an extra charge for his trouble.] 
 
 ARTICLE XVI. 
 
 Bottom Notes. 
 
 Bottom notes, not exceeding twenty lines, in a Work 
 amounting to more than five sheets, to be paid one shilling 
 for each sheet in which they occur. 
 
 Bottom notes, in a Pamphlet of five sheets, or under, 
 not exceeding ten lines, to be paid one shilling per sheet. 
 
 When they are heavier, or attended with extraordinary 
 trouble, the price to be settled between the employer and 
 journeyman. 
 
 When the notes shall be in Nonpareil or Pearl, the num- 
 ber of lines to be restricted to one-half. 
 
 Quotations, mottos, contents to chapters, &c, in smaller 
 type than the body, to be considered as notes. 
 
 [All matter introduced in a smaller type than the text of the work, 
 as head-lines to pages, date-lines, extracts, or any line in a smaller 
 body, are included in the term " Notes." 
 
 When the number of lines chargeable as notes exceed the stipu- 
 lated quantity in a sheet, the compositor charges another shilling, un- 
 less they are so heavy as to require a further charge, when the entire 
 lines in the sheet are measured off, and cast up (with whatever extras 
 the work is entitled to) as a distinct body, the one shilling being added 
 for placing them. In measuring off notes, &c, the spaces from the 
 rule separating the notes from the text, and white line after quo- 
 tations, &c, are included. 
 
 Notes in columns different from the work, are charged extra 
 for columns. They are also entitled to the other extras, for foreign, 
 algebra, arithmetic, &c. 
 
 To compensate for making-up, altering references, Sec, the notes, 
 although in the same size as the type used in the text, take the 
 charge of one shilling per sheet. 
 
 Notes upon notes, or quotations or extracts within extracts, when 
 set up in a smaller type than the note, are charged in addition, accord- 
 ing to the rule, as notes. 
 
 Notes interspersed with italic, contractions, &c, or having many 
 references, must be settled by mutual agreement. 
 
 Where a fair average of the notes in a work can be taken, a regular 
 sum per sheet may be agreed upon. 
 
16 
 
 The modern double-pot, double-cap, double-post, and double-crown 
 half- sheets of 3ixteens are counted in all respects as an ordinary sheet 
 of octavo, except as undersized.] 
 
 AETICLE XVII. 
 
 Side Notes. 
 
 Side notes to folios or quartos, not exceeding a broad quo- 
 tation, if only chap, or date (and not exceeding three expla- 
 natory lines on an average in each page), to be paid one 
 shilling per sheet. 
 
 In octavos,* if only chap, or date (and not exceeding three 
 explanatory lines on an average in each page), one shilling 
 and sixpence per sheet. 
 
 In twelves, if only chap, or date (and not exceeding three 
 explanatory lines on an average in each page), two shillings 
 per sheet. 
 
 Where side notes are heavy, and attended with extraordi- 
 nary trouble (as in Law and Historical Works), the price to 
 be settled between the employer and journeyman. 
 
 [When side notes have more than three explanatory lines on an 
 average in each page, exclusive of chapter or date, to ascertain their 
 value they are cast up double, and the above sum per sheet added 
 for making up and placing. In casting up a work with side notes, 
 the side notes are not reckoned in the width of the page, but the reglets 
 or leads between the text and side notes are. The side -note width 
 of the head-lines and guard-lines, and the space between the notes, 
 when it does not exceed a broad quotation (four pica ems), are reckoned 
 in measuring the depth of the notes. Under runners from side notes 
 are reckoned in the side notes, and charged threepence each in 
 addition.] 
 
 * The modern double-pot, double-cap, double-post, and double-crown balf-sheets 
 of sixteens are to be counted in all respects as an ordinary sheet of octavo, except 
 as undersized. 
 
 AETICLE XVIII. 
 Incut Notes. 
 
 Incut notes in smaller type than the body, to be paid one 
 shilling per sheet for each sheet in which they occur — when 
 they are heavy, an additional charge to be made. 
 
IT 
 
 ARTICLE XIX. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 Making-up Furniture for Pamphlets and Works, or parts 
 of Works, done in one or different houses, amounting to five 
 sheets or under, to be paid at the following extra rates per 
 sheet for each sheet of furniture made up : — 
 
 s. d. s. d. 
 
 Octavos and upwards 1 6 Twenty-fours . 3 
 
 Twelves . . .20 Thirty-twos . .36 
 Eighteens . .26 
 
 [In all works of five sheets and under, the compositor is entitled to 
 the charge for making-up furniture, no matter from what source he 
 obtains it. In some offices the house undertakes the making-up of 
 the furniture; and -when such system is adopted, the house must 
 make-up all, whether chargeable or not ; and it is the duty of the 
 person appointed by the house for making-up furniture to place it 
 round the pages and untie them, and he is responsible for the proper 
 register. Should the compositor be required to unlock or take the 
 furniture from another work, although of the same size, he is entitled 
 to the charge for furniture. The charge for furniture only extends to 
 thirty-twos ; all above to bear a proportionate advance. Double - pot, 
 double-cap, double-post, and double-crown half-sheets of sixteens to be 
 reckoned as a sheet of octavo, except as undersized.] 
 
 ARTICLE XX. 
 Different Volumes, 
 Different volumes of the same Work to be paid for dis* 
 tinctly, according to their value. 
 
 ARTICLE XXL 
 Different Sized Paper. 
 Works done on different sized paper (as medium and 
 royal, &c), and requiring an alteration in margin, to be 
 paid one shilling per sheet for each alteration. 
 
 ARTICLE XXIL 
 Music, 
 
 Music to be paid double the body of the sonnet type. 
 [That is, if the sonnet type be long primer, the square of the page is 
 
 E 
 
IS 
 
 taken as long primer, and the amount which the sheet or job would 
 be paid as long primer is doubled ; but this charge has reference onlv 
 to the Gregorian Chant, or to the music type formerly in use, when 
 the five lines and notes came in the one piece. It is quite inapplicable 
 to the present style of letter-press music printing, especially instru- 
 mental, where there is no sonnet type. Music is now paid on time, or 
 by special agreement, according to the nature of each work.] 
 
 AET I CLE XXIII. 
 
 Imposition of Two Pages, 6fc. 
 
 Where two pages only are imposed, either opposite to or 
 at the back of each other, or otherwise, to be rjaid for as 
 two pages ; but if with an endorse, or any other kind of mat- 
 ter constituting a third, then to be paid for as a sheet, if in 
 folio — a half sheet, if in quarto — and so on. 
 
 AETICLE XXIY. 
 
 Ruled, Tabular, and Table Work. 
 
 Kuled-work to be paid double — Ruled-work with Blank 
 Columns, Tabular, or Schedule matter (as Jackson's Book- 
 keeping), to be paid one and one-half. 
 
 Two or three Head rules and four Columns to be consi- 
 dered Tabular — all above to be reckoned Table-work — the 
 first to be paid one and one-half — the second double. 
 
 [Tabular and table matter is distinguished from column matter by 
 the columns being dependent on each other and reading across. " Two 
 or three head rules and four columns" is the maximum of what is to 
 be considered " tabular." Matter in three columns, with or without 
 heads or rules, is also tabular, if the columns depend on each other 
 and read across. "All above" means that if there be more than 
 four columns, with or without heads or rules, or if there be more than 
 three head rules, it is to be counted table matter, and charged double. 
 The modern editions of Jackson's Book-keeping form no guide for table 
 or schedule matter ; and the edition of 1809, upon which the rule was 
 first framed, is the one referred to. 
 
 Abstract or balance sheet, with angular rule, or rules round the 
 pages, to be paid as tabular. 
 
 When headings are in smaller type than the body of the page or 
 job, or, if to blank columns, smaller than the text of the work, they 
 are governed by the rule for notes — but if heavy, cast off acccording 
 to their value, as tabular or table matter. 
 
19 
 
 When a small portion of ruled matter occurs in a page, it is charged 
 not less than half a page ; but if it exceed half a page, it is charged 
 as a whole ruled page. 
 
 Half a page and under set in type one remove less than the body 
 of the work, is charged as a page of the body doubled, dropping the 
 extras for smaller type. 
 
 When the rules exceed half a page, it is charged as an entire ruled 
 page, whatever type it is set in. 
 
 Small complements of ruled matter are not measured off, but are 
 charged separately as they occur in each page.] 
 
 ARTICLE XXV. 
 Headings and Endorses. 
 
 Headings to be paid one-third what the face of the Job 
 will come to by letters, leaving a fair margin at bottom, the 
 same as worked at head. 
 
 When the heading is undersize, one- third of the prices in 
 Article III. to be paid. 
 
 Endorses on Folio headings, below demy, to be paid one- 
 half the price of the heading — above demy, one-fourth. 
 
 Headings, with one column down the side, to be paid the 
 amount they would come to by letters — Endorses on such, 
 below demy, to be paid one-fourth the heading — above, one- 
 eighth. 
 
 ARTICLE XXVI. 
 Correcting. 
 
 All extra work at the stone to be paid sixpence per hour. 
 Where the time spent at the stone does not amount to an 
 hour, less than sixpence shall not be paid for each time of 
 laying-up. 
 
 [Laying-up or unlocking a form, or part of a form, constitutes a 
 charge of 6d. — if two or more forms, 6d. each form. 
 
 In counting the hours employed on a proof, a portion of an hour is 
 counted a full hour ; and when a compositor gets two or more proofs 
 of the same or different works to correct, each proof is charged sepa- 
 rately the number of hours occupied at it. For example, one proof 
 takes two hours and a quarter, the other two hours and a half — three 
 hours are charged for each proof, although the two together took less 
 than five hours.] 
 
20 
 
 ARTICLE XXVII. 
 
 Jobs. 
 
 Jobs of every description, not otherwise provided for,* to 
 be entitled to an increase of two-pence in each shilling, ac- 
 cording to the rules which govern book-work. 
 
 Any Work making a sheet not to be considered a Job, but 
 paid for as Book- work. 
 
 [Jobs are cast up to the exact value of their letters, according to 
 Article L, and then increased by the rate of 2d. in the shilling. For 
 example, a pica circular is 66 ems long and 84 ens wide, which make 
 5,544 letters. The 5,000 letters, at 5d., is 2s. Id., and 544 letters is 
 about 2|d., which make 2s. 3^-d. ; and adding 4Jd., as the proportion 
 of 2d. in the shilling, makes the job 2s. 8d.] 
 
 ARTICLE XXVIII. 
 Labels, 
 
 Different Labels, with or without rule or flower borders, 
 imposed together, to be paid double, according to the size 
 page they make — but not less than sixpence each shall be 
 paid when they do not exceed the size of a twelves page. 
 
 ARTICLE XXIX. 
 
 Broadsides, fyc. 
 Posting Broadsides (as Charity Sermon Bills, Ship Adver- 
 tisements, &c.) to be paid as follows : — 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Post .... 40 
 Medium . . . .50 
 Royal . . . .60 
 Super-royal or Double- crown 7 
 Those having a large portion of type, not less than Great 
 Primer (as Proclamations, Play-bills, &c), to be paid one- 
 half in addition to the aforesaid prices. 
 
 Broadsides in smaller type than Great Primer (as Leases, 
 &c.) to be paid one and one-half what they come to by 
 letters. 
 
 * See Articles XXVIII. and XXIX. 
 
21 
 
 Broadsides Ruled and Figured (as Rent-Rolls, Accounts, 
 &c.), under Medium, to be doubled — Medium size or up- 
 wards, to be trebled. 
 
 Endorses on Broadsides to be paid one-sixth of the Broad- 
 side, as plain matter. 
 
 Should the Endorse be Ruled, to be paid one-third. 
 
 When Works of an intricate nature occur, and cannot be 
 governed by the existing Articles, the price of the Work to 
 be settled between the employer and journeyman. 
 
 ARTICLE XXX. 
 
 Works unprovided for. 
 
 [See note at head of Scale, page 9.] 
 
P3 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 M 
 
 EH 
 
 Ph 
 O 
 
 Eh 
 
 O 
 
 EH 
 
 GO 
 
 pp 
 
 *U°I9J0J JO 
 
 'saS-Biigu^i oax 
 
 •nocarao^ 
 
 Pi 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 H 
 
 Ph 
 
 I— < 
 
 o 
 
 m 
 ft 
 
 CO | 
 
 •« GO | 
 
 ^, o 
 
 *e 00 I 
 
 CO | 
 
 >0 
 
 rH](M h-^ 1 
 
 *0 *-0 CO t>- 
 
 u 
 .2 
 
 CP 
 
 pp • 
 
 I § 
 
 pi in 
 
 o S 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 co 
 
 1^ 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 PP 
 
 .23 O 
 
 H©* H^ ' 
 
 CO CO CO 
 
 LO CO CO 
 
 'bfj s=5 S g 
 H S ^ Ph 
 
PRESSMEN'S SCALE OF PEICES. 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 
 250 
 
 500 
 
 750 
 
 i r\nn 
 1,000 
 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. & 
 
 Folios — if worked on Medium or Demy. 
 Not exceeding 52 Pica ems in the width of the 
 
 
 
 
 "l>wai-.H 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 page, upon Small Pica or upwards 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 H 
 
 If on Long Primer, Bourgeois, -or Brevier 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 H 
 
 5 
 
 All above 52 Pica ems, upon Small Pica, or up- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 s* 
 
 5 
 
 If on Long Primer, Bourgeois, or Brevier 
 
 7 
 
 6£ 
 
 6 
 
 5§ 
 
 Long Primer or upwards, on Copy or Crown 
 
 6 
 
 bi 
 
 5 
 
 4i 
 
 Quartos — on Medium or Demy. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Not exceeding 40 Pica ems in the width of the 
 
 
 
 
 
 page, upon Long Primer or upwards 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 If on Bourgeois or Brevier .... 
 
 6 
 
 5± 
 
 5i 
 
 5 
 
 All above 40 Pica ems, and not less than Long 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 5k 
 
 5§ 
 
 5 
 
 If on Bourgeois or Brevier .... 
 
 7 
 
 6" 
 
 6" 
 
 
 Brevier, or upwards, if on Copy or Crown . 
 
 
 
 5 h 
 
 5 
 
 
 Octavos — on Medium or Demy. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Not exceding 24 Pica ems, upon Long Primer 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 51 
 
 5 
 
 H 
 
 If on Bourgeois or Brevier .... 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 All above 24 Pica ems, on Brevier or upwards 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 H 
 
 5 
 
 
 8 
 
 6k 
 
 6 
 
 
 Brevier, and upwards, on Copy or Crown . 
 
 6 
 
 5| 
 
 5 
 
 A h 
 
 Twelves — on Medium or Demy. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Not exceeding 21 Pica ems, upon Long Primer, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 5 
 
 4^ 
 
 ^2 
 
 If on Bourgeois or Brevier .... 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5| 
 
 5 
 
 All above 21 Pica ems, upon Long Primer or up- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 7 
 
 H 
 
 5 
 
 If on Bourgeois or Brevier .... 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 7 1 
 
 ' 2 
 
 
 6 
 
 Long Primer, Bourgeois, or Brevier, on Crown or 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 51 
 
 °-2 
 
 5 
 
 4i 
 ^2 
 
 Eighteens — on Medium or Demy. 
 
 
 
 
 
 If not less than Long Primer .... 
 
 7 
 
 5k 
 
 5 
 
 4^ 
 
 If on Bourgeois or Brevier .... 
 
 7 
 
 6" 
 
 H 
 
 5 
 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5i 
 
 Twenty-fours a?id Thirty-twos. 
 
 
 
 
 
 If not less than Long Primer .... 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5*- 
 
 5 
 
 If on Bourgeois or Brevier .... 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 H 
 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 6£ 
 
 6 
 
 The following, not being in the original 
 
 
 
 
 
 Scale, are paid as follows : 
 
 
 
 
 
 All works on Double-cap. 
 
 
 
 
 
 If not less tban Long Primer 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 If on Bourgeois or Brevier .... 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 H 
 
 7^ 
 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 H 
 
 
 All works done on Double-post or Double-crown. 
 
 
 
 
 
 If not less than Long Primer .... 
 
 12 
 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 If on Bourgeois or Brevier .... 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 All icorks exceeding Double-post or Double-crown to be paid on time. 
 
24 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Works done on Royal paper to be paid one halfpenny per 
 hour in addition to the prices specified in Article I. 
 
 [This additional halfpenny is applicable also to jobs.] 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 Side notes to be reckoned in the width : Bottom notes not 
 to be regarded. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 When Stereotype plates are laid, either by the Compositor 
 or Pressman, to be paid for at the following rates for each 
 form : — 
 
 d. 
 
 Octavos or Twelves ... ... 6 
 
 Eighteens, Twenty-fours, &c. ... 9 
 
 The pressman to be paid sixpence per form for bringing up 
 the plates. 
 
 [This charge applies to common work only. Fine work is usually 
 brought up on time.] 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 Jobs to be paid for at the following rates : — 
 
 (For 100 or under 
 Above 100 (and not ex- 
 Arvtl^and-'not exl 
 
 ceeding 500) 
 
 [ Above 500 
 
 Whole Sheets writ- f For 250 or under 
 ing thick Post, De- ^ Not exceeding 500 
 my, or Medium, ( Above 500 
 
 Writing Royal or f For 250 or under 
 Super -Royal, half-] Not exceeding 500 
 sheets, or over, £ Above 500 
 
 Under half sheets 
 
 Writing Imperial C For 250 or under 
 or Elephant, half < Not exceeding 500 
 sheets, or over, £ Above 500 
 
 Under half sheets 
 
 Double Elephant, C For 250 or under 
 half sheets, or over, \ Above 250 
 
 Under half sheets 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 8 _ 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 4.1 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 CD 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 ^ H 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
25 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 Broadsides, and Jobs similar, to be paid for as follows :- 
 
 Printing Propatria 
 or Pot, 
 
 Medium or Demy, 
 
 Royal or 
 Royal, 
 
 Super- 
 
 Imperial or Ele- 
 phant, 
 
 
 s . 
 
 a ■ 
 
 For 100 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Above 100, and not ex- 
 
 
 
 ceeding- 500 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Above 500 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 For 100 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Above 100 (and not ex- 
 
 
 
 ceeding 500) 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Above 500 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 For 100 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 Above 100 (and not ex- 
 
 
 
 ceeding 500), 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 Above 500 ... 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 For 100 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Above 100 (and not ex- 
 
 
 
 ceeding 500) 
 
 I 
 
 10 
 
 Above 500 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 > per 100 
 
 -per 100 
 
 -per 100 
 
 ► per 100 
 
 N.B. — No intermediate number to be paid for less than 100. 
 
 [Post not being provided for, is charged as medium. 
 
 By the gradations of this article, 600 copies are sometimes paid less 
 than 500. As this does not appear to have been the intention of the 
 framers of the rule, the first 500 should be paid according to the first 
 charge, and the following hundreds according to the second rate.] 
 
 AETICLE VII. 
 
 Cards to be paid for as follows : — 
 
 s. d. 
 
 C For 100 7 
 
 Oc 9rl fiiVo J Above 100 (and not ex- ) 
 
 -s. za. size, j ceeding 500) ... 5 [ per 100 
 
 t Above 500 4 ) 
 
 f For 100 1 
 
 At, rtTTfl o, oa ) Above 100 (and not ex- 1 
 
 Above 2s, 2a. size, «< -,. ,1, ~ in f lnA 
 
 ' j ceeding 500) ... 10 > per 100 
 
 (. Above 500 9 ) 
 
 [The observations to Article VI., as to the mode of charging num- 
 bers above 500, equally applies to this. 
 
 The standard size of 2s. 2d. cards when the rules were framed, was 
 5 4 inches by o§ inches, or 33 pica [ems] by 21 pica [ems]. All 
 above this size are subject to the additional charge.] 
 
26 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 Cards done with Rules, or Coloured Ink, to be paid two- 
 pence per 100 additional. Cards worked on both sides to be 
 paid double. 
 
 [Each man is allowed the above 2d. per 100 additional.] 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 Circular Letters, and Jobs similar, done on Propatria or 
 Thick Post, in quarto, or half-sheet folio, when 500 number, 
 or under, to be paid sixpence per hour. Above 500 number, 
 five-pence per hour. 
 
 [Circular letters and notes, with or without fly-leaves, to be charged 
 as above.] 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 All Jobs done with Points to be paid one halfpenny per 
 hour additional. 
 
 ARTICLE XL 
 
 Coloured works, or Headings previously ruled, to be paid 
 three-pence per hour additional. Ruled work, or Squared 
 paper, to be paid two-pence per hour additional. 
 
 [Broadsides ruled or printed in colours take the extra on each 100 
 considered as an hour's work — that is, double the sums mentioned in 
 this rule as allowed for each 100.] 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 Leases worked on fine paper to be paid sixpence per hour in 
 addition to the specified prices in Article V. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 Leases worked on Parchment to be paid for as follows . — 
 
 ^dium, j \ \ Pair. 
 
 Royal or Super- \ 50 pair or under, 3 } p a j r 
 
 royal, ... \ From 50 upwards, 2 J " 
 
 Imperial or Ele- \ 50 pair or under, 5 ) p a j r 
 
 phant, ( From 50 upwards, 4 )^ 
 
27 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 
 Endorses worked on Broadside Leases to be paid one-fourth 
 the price charged for working the Lease. 
 
 ARTICLE XV. 
 
 Parchment jobs, under Medium size, to be governed by the 
 prices paid for working fine paper, as specified in Article V., 
 bearing an advance of sixpence per hour. Medium or upwards 
 to be governed by Article XIII. 
 
 ARTICLE XVI. 
 
 In cases where extraordinary care is required, and fine ink 
 used, the price to be settled between the employer and journey- 
 man. 
 
 ARTICLE XVIL 
 
 Three or more proofs pulled at one time to be paid four-pence 
 per form ; and if made ready, to be paid for as a token. 
 
 [When proofs are required of a number of sheets or half sheets be- 
 yond the ordinary proofs, to be paid four pence for every three forms? 
 whether book forms or jobs.] 
 
 The foregoing pressmen's scale being the price of common or ordi- 
 nary printing, the charge allowed for all fine work is such as will 
 enable the employed to earn the established wages. 
 
28 
 
 The following Table shows the Size of the different descrip- 
 tions of Paper that may be used in Printing: — 
 
 Pott 
 
 
 
 12* 
 
 X 15 
 
 Foolscap ... 
 
 
 
 13$ 
 
 X 16* 
 
 Post 
 
 
 
 15| 
 
 X 19 
 
 large 
 
 
 
 16* 
 
 X 20f 
 
 Medium ... 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 X 22* 
 
 Copy 
 
 
 
 
 X 20 
 
 Demy Copying ... 
 
 
 18 
 
 X 22* 
 
 Sheet and J Cap ... 
 
 
 
 X 22 
 
 * Cap ... 
 
 
 13* 
 
 X 25 
 
 Plate Demy 
 
 
 18* 
 
 X 22 
 
 Royal 
 
 
 20 
 
 X 25 
 
 Drawing Foolscap 
 
 
 13* 
 
 X 16* 
 
 and Writing Demy 
 
 151 
 
 X 20 
 
 
 Medium ... 
 
 17* 
 
 X 22 
 
 
 Hoyal 
 
 19 
 
 X 24 
 
 
 Super-royal 
 
 19* 
 
 X 27* 
 
 
 Imperial ... 
 
 22 
 
 X 30* 
 
 
 Elephant... 
 
 23 
 
 X 28 
 
 
 Columbier 
 
 
 X 34J 
 
 
 Atlas 
 
 26* 
 
 X 34 
 
 
 Double-atlas 
 
 55 
 
 X 31* 
 
 
 Elephant... 
 
 26* 
 
 X 40 
 
 
 Antiquarian 
 
 31 
 
 X 53 
 
 
 Extra 
 
 40 
 
 X 56 
 
 Printing Demy ... 
 
 
 18 
 
 X 22* 
 
 Crown ... 
 
 
 17 
 
 X 21 
 
 Medium ... 
 
 
 • 18f 
 
 X 24 
 
 Royal 
 
 
 20 
 
 X 25 
 
 Double-pott 
 
 
 15 
 
 X 25 
 
 Double-cap 
 
 
 17 
 
 X 27 
 
 Double-crown ... 
 
 20 
 
 X 30 
 
 Cartridge 
 
 
 21 
 
 X 26 
 
 Demy ... 
 
 
 171 
 
 X 22* 
 
 Royal ... 
 
 
 19 
 
 X 24 
 
 Double-crown 
 
 20 
 
 X 30 
 
 Elephant 
 
 
 23 
 
 X 28 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 The following Rules, in reference to matters unprovided 
 for in the Scale of Prices agreed upon by the Employers 
 and Journeymen, in February, 1829, and principally 
 founded on the London Scale, from which the Irish 
 Scale was originally derived, have been adopted by the 
 Dublin Typographical Society :— 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Book-work Proofs and Slips. 
 
 1. In book- work, the first proof to be carefully read over, 
 and all alterations as to style of printing, capitaling, &c, made, 
 when the proof and a revise (if necessary) shall be corrected 
 by those to whom the matter belongs. The compositor who 
 imposes the sheet shall be entitled to all authors' proofs and 
 revises, and charge for same ; and shall afterwards correct 
 one press-proof and revise without charge. 
 
 2. In case alterations in the style, punctuation, or capital- 
 ing, shall be made in the press-proof or revise, reversing those 
 made in the first proof, as sometimes occurs where there are 
 different readers — such alterations shall be charged for. 
 
 3. When authors' or alteration proofs are not given to the 
 person entitled to them as above, his responsibility shall cease, 
 and the matter shall be put to press on time by the person who 
 corrects them, or by the house. 
 
 4. When a work, or part of a work, is required to be pulled 
 in slips or galleys, the house to take the matter from the com- 
 positor and impose it, or pull it in the galleys ; the compositor 
 to correct his first proof, and revise of the same if he has left 
 any matter uncorrected. Whenever the matter in slips is 
 finally returned, the compositor to make it up and impose it, 
 and put it to press, in the usual manner, provided he be then 
 engaged in the house, and also subject to proviso in sec. 3. 
 
 F 
 
so 
 
 5. If it is required of the compositor to make up the slips 
 and impose them either in slip-chases or in galleys, he shall be 
 paid on time for so doing ; or it may be taken for all intents 
 and purposes as the regular making-up and imposing of his 
 matter, and he then must be paid on time for re-making it up 
 in pages and re-imposing it in the regular book-work chases. 
 
 6. Proofs of slips to be paid at the rate of one penny for 
 each copy of a galley or form, whether they be for the compo- 
 sitor or author. The house to have the option of pulling them. 
 
 7. The slips of the compositor's proofs to be kept by the 
 reader, clicker, or some responsible person, with each composi- 
 tor's name attached to the matter he composed (the compositor 
 writing his name on his copy), that he maybe enabled to check 
 off the quantity in pages, and to charge as cancelled matter 
 any part or parts the author may erase in his proofs. 
 
 8. When matter is pulled in slips, and not made-up before 
 the compositor has left the printing-office (provided he has left 
 for want of employment, or having been regularly discharged 
 by a fortnight's notice), then his responsibility respecting that 
 matter in slips to cease. 
 
 9. All whites, leads, blank-pages, or any fat whatsoever, oc- 
 curring in matter when made-up by the house, but first sent out in 
 slips, to belong to the compositor ; and should matter be leaded 
 in slips, and afterwards made-up solid, the^depth of the erased 
 leads to be charged as cancelled matter ; and when solid mat- 
 ter is sent out in slips, and it is afterwards required to be 
 leaded, the compositor to charge his time for leading the same, 
 and claim the matter driven out by the leads : but the house 
 may have the option of leading out the matter. 
 
 10. The house to be responsible for the care of all slip mat- 
 ter, and to appoint a proper place for the same, unless the 
 compositor or clicker is desirous of taking charge of it. 
 
 11. Should, however, any house require that its work or 
 works be executed in " takes" of less than two pages, or that 
 " even lines " be made on the " takes " so given and pulled in 
 slips, then the compositor is only to correct such slips, to- 
 gether with their revises if required, after which his respon- 
 sibility ceases ; but he shall, notwithstanding, charge the matter 
 as made-up, also any cancelled matter, and be entitled to all 
 advantages connected therewith, the same as if he had made it 
 up himself. 
 
31 
 
 12. When a compositor is discharged from a house, or leaves 
 through want of employment, his responsibility for making up 
 or correcting any matter he may have left unfinished shall 
 cease, and same shall be completed at the expense of the house, 
 unless he is sent for and afforded the opportunity of finishing 
 it within one fortnight after his leaving. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Members on the Establishment — Hours of Working, fyc, 
 
 1. No member employed on the establishment shall work 
 more than ten hours per day for the same — that is, from six, 
 seven, or eight o'clock in the morning, until the same hour in 
 the evening, taking one hour for breakfast, and the same for 
 dinner. 
 
 2. Should a member's services be required beyond the term 
 of ten hours, he shall only be entitled to receive for the same 
 the usual sixpence per hour up to eight o'clock at night ; after 
 which period he shall receive three pence extra, or nine pence 
 per hour for the two succeeding hours, and for every hour after, 
 up to six o'clock next morning, sixpence extra, or one shilling 
 per hour. 
 
 3. A member employed on the piece, to work from six in the 
 morning until eight in the evening, should he be requested by 
 the overseer or employer to do so, on account of extraordi- 
 nary hurry, but not otherwise ; should his services be required 
 after that hour, he shall receive three-pence per hour up to ten 
 o'clock, and sixpence per hour from ten to six next morning, 
 in addition to what he may earn. 
 
 4. No member shall accept of employment, to be paid for 
 the same on the establishment, for a shorter period than a 
 fortnight. This rule strictly prohibits any member, although 
 employed in the house, from doing work of any kind on time, 
 except correcting, as provided by Article XXVI. of the Scale, 
 or making-up matter, by Article I. of the Appendix, unless he 
 is under an engagement on the establishment for a period 
 not less than a fortnight. 
 
 5. Persons engaged on the establishment in Dublin shall not 
 receive less than thirty shillings per week in book-houses, nor 
 less than thirty-two shillings and sixpence per week on news- 
 
32 
 
 papers, and shall be entitled to receive or give one fortnight's 
 notice terminating their engagement* Where a member is 
 engaged for a fortnight, and continued from week to week on 
 the establishment, at the end of a month he shall be considered 
 permanently engaged, and entitled to a fortnight's notice. 
 
 6. When persons engaged in book-houses are specially re- 
 quired by the employer to be in attendance at a particular 
 hour, such persons, if not employed after the expiration of an 
 hour's attendance, shall charge the establishment at the rate 
 of sixpence per hour for every hour so kept in attendance. 
 
 7. When compositors, not regularly employed on a news- 
 paper printed in a book-office, shall be required to leave their 
 book-work to assist on the newspaper, such persons shall 
 charge for late hours the same as if employed on book- work. 
 
 8. In case of the infraction of any of the preceding sections, 
 notice shall be given to the secretary within one week, under a 
 penalty of a sum not exceeding 5s. upon each member of the 
 chapel. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 Bastard Founts. 
 Bastard Founts to be cast off to the depth and width of 
 the two founts to which they respectively belong. Thus a fount 
 with a Minion face on a Nonpareil body, is cast up as Nonpareil ; 
 but a Nonpareil face on a Minion body is cast up as Nonpareil in 
 breadth and Minion in depth, and 2000 letters are charged as 
 1000 Minion and 1000 Nonpareil ; and so of any other descrip- 
 tion. 
 
 The following table, taken from " Hansard's Typographia," will be useful in 
 determining the nature of a fount : — 
 
 English has . 
 
 64 lines to a foot. 
 
 Brevier 
 
 .. 112; 
 
 Pica . . 
 
 
 Minion 
 
 .. 128 
 
 Small Pica 
 
 83 „ 
 
 Nonpareil 
 
 .. 143 
 
 Long Primer . 
 
 89 „ 
 
 Pearl .. 
 
 178 
 
 Bourgeois 
 
 102£ 
 
 Diamond 
 
 .. 205 
 
 !i lines to a foot. 
 
 Minion is half English. Diamond is half Bourgeois. 
 
 Nonpareil is half Pica. Gem is half Brevier. 
 
 Ruby is half Small Pica. Didot is half Nonpareil. 
 Pearl is half Long Primer. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Stereotype, 
 
 All matter stereotyped to be cast up, if with high spaces, 
 
33 
 
 at one farthing per thousand, but if with low spaces at one 
 halfpenny per thousand, in addition to what it would other- 
 wise come to, in order to compensate the compositor for delay- 
 occasioned by the plaster. 
 
 Stereotype table-work to be charged double the price of 
 stereotype common matter. 
 
 When a stereotype block of an extra width, or in smaller 
 type, constitutes a page, or part of a page, to be reckoned of the 
 same width and type as the text, and charged accordingly. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 Works unprovided for. 
 
 Bordered Pages Works with rules or borders, single or 
 
 double, round the pages are to be cast up according to the 
 actual dimensions of the text, an extra price being charged 
 for the rules or borders, according to the trouble occasioned 
 or the materials supplied. Not less than 2d. per page is 
 charged for a single rule if mitred rules are used, and 3d. per 
 page if common rules are used. 
 
 Pedigrees. — Pedigrees to be cast up double the price of 
 common matter, and where attended with extraordinary trouble, 
 an ad valorem price to be settled on. 
 
 Interlinear Matter, on the plan of the Hamiltonian 
 system. The actual number of lines of small type inserted 
 are reckoned and cast up by their own body at one and one-half 
 the price of common matter. If inserted in the same body as 
 the text, the whole matter is cast up at one-fourth extra. In 
 grammars, &c, where words and figures, not being a literal 
 translation, are arranged between the lines, to be cast up 
 with one-fourth extra. When only small portions of the above 
 occur, they are charged on the same principle as notes, until 
 they amount to such a quantity as will require a further 
 charge, when they are to be cast up. 
 
 Pharmacopoeias. — These works, when differing in any ma- 
 terial degree from common matter, are charged as Dictionaries, 
 and when interspersed with Latin or foreign words, are charged 
 as half foreign and half English. Medical signs are also 
 charged extra. 
 
 Old Spelling, Dialects, Slang, Contractions, Supe- 
 
 f 2 
 
34 
 
 mors, &c.— When works are printed in or interspersed with 
 these, one halfpenny per thousand extra is charged. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Prefatory Matter Preliminary Dissertations, Biogra- 
 phical Memoirs, Appendices, Indices, &c, not exceeding a sheet 
 each, if set up in the same or larger type than the body of the 
 text, to be paid as pages of the work ; if set up in smaller 
 type, to be cast up as such, with the addition of the extras of 
 the work. If either exceed a sheet, to be cast up on their own 
 merits. 
 
 Blank Pages to be filled up at the option of the author, 
 the compositor charging for his previous trouble in making up 
 the blank. 
 
 Titles, or half-titles, though worked separately, and not 
 requiring blanks to be made up, are charged as two pages 
 of the work or job. In works printed only on alternate 
 pages, the blank at the back of each page is charged. 
 
 Notes, Head-Lines, Greek, &c, inserted — Where Notes 
 are inserted in a proof, or Head-lines inserted or altered to 
 smaller type, or Greek, &c, introduced, the compositors are 
 entitled to the charge for same, as if they had been in the copy 
 when first composed, the time lost in composing them being 
 dropped in the alteration proof. 
 
 Woodcuts, when inserted in the matter, or worked in 
 pages along with the body of the work, belong to the compo- 
 sitor. If justified into the sides of pages, an extra charge is 
 made according to the trouble occasionecj. When the cuts are 
 worked entirely separate, the same as copperplate engravings, 
 they are not claimed by the compositors. 
 
 Labels. — Where a Label is imposed to work between the 
 first and last pages of a wrapper, it is not reckoned as part 
 of these two pages, but paid according to its value — sixpence 
 being the lowest sum for a single Label, although it be but 
 a line. 
 
NEWSPAPER RULES. 
 
 At a Delegate Meeting held on the 21st day of October, 
 1852, a Committee having been appointed to inquire into 
 and ascertain the prices paid, and the mode of working 
 in the various Newspaper Offices, with the view of form- 
 ing a Newspaper Scale, the following Rules were adopted, 
 as embodying the customary practice of the trade : — 
 
 1. The number of lines of the standard letter in use in each 
 office, and the proportionate number of lines of smaller or 
 larger type, required for each post to produce the established 
 wages, shall be ascertained by the following 
 
 TABLE. 
 
 
 Morning or Evening 
 Papers. 
 
 Weekly Papers. 
 
 Long Primer to Brevier . 
 
 Minion 
 
 Nonpareil 
 
 6^d. per thousand. 
 7£d. per thousand. 
 8d. per thousand. 
 
 6d. per thousand. 
 6|d. per thousand. 
 7|d. per thousand. 
 
 Brevier is generally the standard letter on Newspapers. Long 
 Primer is usually turned into Brevier, by deducting one-fifth ; 
 Bourgeois, by deducting one-eighth ; Minion, by adding one- 
 fourth ; and Nonpareil by adding one-half. Where a weekly 
 paper is published in the same office as a morning or evening 
 paper, any matter set for it is charged the higher scale. 
 
 2. Where Bastard Founts are used, and that the letter is 
 thinner for the depth than the standard, a proportionate allow- 
 
36 
 
 anee shall be made. For instance, where a letter is Brevier in 
 depth and Minion in breadth, it should be cast off by the number 
 of en-quads of Minion in the breadth, and charged per thousand 
 as half Brevier and half Minion. A fount the twenty-six lower- 
 case letters of which are not equal to twenty-six en-quads, is 
 not a fair letter, and the deficiency should be allowed for. 
 The true character of those fraudulent founts which have 
 been introduced by typefounders, in which the twenty-six 
 letters are made to appear equal to the twenty-six en-quads, 
 by making the letters that are seldom used — as x, v, z — most 
 disproportionately large, can only be ascertained by comparison 
 with a true standard letter the next size smaller, and allowed 
 for accordingly. 
 
 3. The established wages on Newspapers shall not be less 
 than £\ 12s. 6d., as provided by Article II., sec. 5, of the 
 Appendix, but on Daily Morning Papers, a higher establish- 
 ment may be fixed, should the Chapel, with the sanction of the 
 Committee, agree thereto. Readers shall be considered on the 
 establishment, and shall not receive less than the established 
 wages. 
 
 4. For every Newspaper office there shall be a regular estab- 
 lishment of full hands, who shall be entitled to, and respon- 
 sible for, the production of such ascertained amount of work 
 each post as will produce the established wages, and for which 
 a fair time shall be allowed, during which copy shall be sup- 
 plied. 
 
 5. When the amount of work is liable to fluctuation, espe- 
 cially on Morning Papers, supernumeraries shall be allowed, 
 but at least two-thirds of those required to produce the pa- 
 per shall be full hands, and each supernumerary of ordinary 
 ability shall be so employed as to be enabled to average, at 
 the least, three-fourths of the established wages. 
 
 6. Supernumeraries shall be paid at the same rate as the full 
 hands. 
 
 7. No full hand, except the overseer, reader, assistant-reader, 
 or "late man," to earn more than the established wages of 
 the office, while extra assistance can be procured (except for 
 expresses, second editions, or supplements), and any over- 
 lines to be taken advantage of as the Chapel shall deem fit, 
 with the sanction of the Committee. 
 
37 
 
 8. Should the amount of work to be performed by the su- 
 pernumeraries enable them to exceed the established wages, 
 the overseer to be requested to increase the number of full 
 hands, so that the number of supernunq^raries shall be as few 
 as the circumstances of the paper will admit of. 
 
 9. The hours during which the full hands are to be supplied 
 with copy, the time for the supernumeraries taking copy, the 
 manner in which copy shall be taken up, correcting, and such 
 matters, to be regulated by rule of Chapel, according to the 
 circumstances of the office, time of publication, &c. Such rules 
 to be so framed as to guard as far as possible against any un- 
 necessary attendance from or delay to the compositor, and at 
 the same time secure the publication in proper time, as far as 
 in them lies. 
 
 10. In case full hands are so delayed as to be unable to 
 produce the requisite amount of work, they shall be entitled 
 to charge their time, provided the inability has not been occa- 
 sioned by their own neglect. 
 
 11. Full hands and regular supernumeraries to be entitled to 
 receive and give one fortnight's notice, prior to leaving the 
 establishment. 
 
 12. When copy arrives by packet or train beyond the usual 
 hours for composition, but in time for publication, or when the 
 hands are kept waiting for it, or obliged to attend for second 
 editions or expresses, they shall be remunerated for such ac- 
 cording to a scale to be fixed on by the Chapel, and approved 
 of by the Committee; but, on Morning or Weekly Papers, 
 each person required to wait for copy that arrives after five 
 o'clock in the morning, shall receive at least Is., exclusive of 
 the value of the lines he may set. 
 
 13. No undue advantage shall be permitted to one full hand 
 over another, or to one supernumerary over another, and all 
 advantageous matter to be equitably divided, in such manner 
 as the Chapel shall provide, 
 
 14. Full hands employed as readers, assistants to overseers, 
 or late men, not to be limited to the established wages of the 
 office, provided the extra remuneration is in money, and not 
 made by giving them advantageous copy, &c, to the injury 
 of the other hands. 
 
 15. Compositors employed on time, making alterations, 
 
33 
 
 correcting, assisting- in reading, or at the stone, to be allowed 
 at least thirty lines of the standard letter per hour. 
 
 16. Braces in matter, as in decrees, &c, to be charged one- 
 half extra. 
 
 17. Matter set in two columns, and requiring two justifica- 
 tions, with or without a column of £ s. d., or other figures, 
 as requisitions, subscription-lists, &c, to be charged one-half 
 extra. If set in three or more columns, with or without figures, 
 and requiring three justifications, as in lists of majority and 
 minority, to be charged double. 
 
 18. Table matter, with rules and headings, to be charged 
 double. 
 
 19. Tabular matter, consisting of three or four columns of 
 figures, ranged, with or without heads, to be charged one-half 
 extra ; if with more than four columns, double. The denomi- 
 nations of money, as £ s. d., or of weights, to be considered 
 one column. 
 
 20. Matter with a rule round it as a border, or for mourn- 
 ing, to be charged double. 
 
 21. Matter in a foreign language, or English with the 
 ancient spelling, dialects, slang, or contractions, to be charged 
 one-half extra ; if only interspersed with such, one-third 
 extra. 
 
 22. Greek, or any of the dead characters, to be charged as 
 in book-work. 
 
 23. Matter consisting of names and figures run on, as in 
 statistical returns or subscription lists, or interspersed with 
 signs and contractions, as in school-examination advertise- 
 ments, and attended with extra trouble, to be charged one- 
 third extra. Figure matter run on, to be charged one-half 
 extra. 
 
 24. Matter set in Italic type to be charged one-third extra. 
 
 25. Algebraical workings to be charged double. Matter 
 interspersed with algebraical signs to be charged one-half 
 extra. 
 
 26. All standing advertisements and over-matter belong to the 
 establishment ; but if given out for distribution, they belong to 
 the compositor entitled to the copy. Markets or other matter 
 kept standing by the compositors belong to them. 
 
 27. The compositor is entitled to put in and charge all rules, 
 
39 
 
 dashes, woodcuts, or standing heads. He is also entitled to 
 charge head or direction lines, or rules put to matter as a 
 direction for the make-up. 
 
 28. All manuscript copy should be legibly written, and on 
 one side only. When badly written, or interlined so as to 
 cause delay to the compositor, he is entitled to an allowance, 
 to be decided by the Chapel. 
 
 29. Contracting for the production of a newspaper for a 
 fixed sum, commonly called "farming," is not sanctioned by 
 the trade. No member shall offer for, or accept such contract. 
 Such a system invariably causing encroachments on the com- 
 positors, and holding out a premium to the contractor to act 
 with injustice towards them, its introduction into any establish- 
 ment shall be dealt with in such manner as the Committee shall 
 think fit, 
 
 THE END.