The person charging this material is re¬ sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/reportofcensusofOOunit SUPERVISORS or THE CUBAN CENSUS WAR DEPARTMENT, ubRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS. Oi'FICE DIRECTOR CENSUS O W CXJ.BA. REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 18 9 9 . LT. COL. J. P. SANGER, Inspector-General, DIRECTOR. HENRY CAAISnSTUrUT, WALTER DC WILLCOX, STATISTICAL EXPERTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1900 . ERRATA. Page 51. Page 60. Page 131. Page 204. Page 205. Page 294. Page 734. For “ Valasquez” read Velasquez. For “disordorly ” read disorderly. For “consentual” read consensual. For “Tinadad” read Trinidad. For “Jiquani” read Jiguani. Heading of table should read “City of Puerto Principe.” For “1885” read 1855. VA • ^C ir\ ^ \A ^ a S' C \a is Ck, ^ q 4* CONTENTS. Page. Letter of transmittal of the Director of the Census to the Secretary of War ... 9 Proclamation of the President authorizing the census. 10 Organization of census. 10 The field work.: 11 Geography. 17 Political divisions. 17 Coast regions. 18 Orography..♦. 19 Drainage systems. 20 Mineral resources. 20 Climate. 21 Flora. 22 Fauna. 23 History. 24 Discovery of the island. 24 First settlement. 25 Colonization and early government. 25 Causes affecting progress. 27 Trade restrictions and monopolies.,. 28 Export and import duties. 28 Smuggling. 29 Excessive taxation. 29 Lack of banking facilities. 31 Economic, rather than political, conditions the cause of the slow prog¬ ress of the island. 32 Governors, character and administration of. 32 Insurrections, causes and results of. 33 Intervention by the United States. 40 Political organization. 43 Municipal government. 44 Provincial government. 50 Insular government. 51 Former representation in the Spanish Cortes. 55 Cuban republics declared. 55 United States military government. 55 The judiciary. 55 Population, aboriginal, history of. 65 Population, black, history of. 67 Population, coolie, history of. 69 Discussion of the tables.. 72 The total population. 72 Density of population. 73 Urban population. 76 I l JQ " Ji 3 4 CONTENTS. Discussion of the tables—Continued. Page. Center of population. 77 Distribution in altitude. 80 Sex. 80 Age. 84 Age by provinces. 90 Age by sex. 92 Nativity and race. 96 Foreign-born population in cities. 99 Citizenship. 100 Of Habana province. 103 Of Habana city. 103 Of Matanzas. 106 Of Pinar del Rio. 107 Of Puerto Principe. 108 Of Santa Clara. 109 Of Santiago de Cuba. 110 Families. 112 Marital condition. 117 The married.’. 118 Persons living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. 131 The widowed. 142 The single. 145 Literacy. 147 School attendance. 150 Literacy among persons over 10 years of age. 152 Occupations. 154 Sanitary condition of dwellings and unoccupied houses. 167 Dwellings and families. 167 Source of water supply. 170 Disposition of garbage. 175 Disposition of excreta. 176 POPULATION TABLES. I. Total population at different censuses. 179 II. Total population, by provinces, in 1899, 1887, and 1861. 179 III. Total population by municipal districts in 1899 and 1887. 179 IY. Total population by wards and by cities. 181 V. Rural population by municipal districts, with area and density... 191 VI. Sex, general nativity and color, by provinces and municipal dis¬ tricts . 194 VII. Percentages of population by sex, general nativity, and color, by municipal districts. 200 VIII. Sex and age groups, by municipal districts. 202 IX. Race, nativity, sex, and 5-year age periods. 206 X. Birthplace, by provinces and municipal districts. 218 XI. Country of birth, by race, and by provinces and cities. 220 XII. Citizenship, by provinces and municipal districts. 225 XIII. Citizenship, literacy, and education, by provinces and municipal districts. 228 XIV. Citizenship, by age, sex, race, and nativity, by provinces and cities. 251 XV. Conjugal condition, by provinces and municipal districts. 299 XVI. Conjugal condition, by race, sex, and nativity. 302 CONTENTS. 5 Page. XVII. Conjugal condition, by race, sex, nativity, and age, by provinces and cities. 306 XVIII. Illegitimate children, by provinces and cities. 354 XIX. School attendance, literacy, and superior education, by provinces and municipal districts. 358 XX. Literacy, by age, sex, nativity, and race, by provinces and cities. 361 XXI. School attendance, by months, by sex, race, nativity, and age, by provinces and cities. 385 XXII. Higher education, by age, sex, race, and nativity, by provinces and cities. 401 XXIII. Occupation groups, by sex, race, and nativity, by provinces and cities. 403 XXIV. Occupation groups, by sex, race, and nativity, by municipal districts 406 XXV. Occupation groups, by age, sex, race, and nativity, by provinces and cities. 438 XXVI. Occupations, by sex, race, and nativity, for the island. 462 XXVII. Occupations, by age and sex, for the island. 463 XXVIII. Occupations, by citizenship and sex, for the island. 465 XXIX. Occupations, by sex and education, for the island. 467 XXX. Occupations, by sex and conjugal condition, for the island. 469 XXXI. Occupations, by sex and country of birth, for the island. 472 XXXII. Occupations, by provinces. 476 XXXIII. Selected occupations, by age, sex, and race, by provinces. 477 XXXIV. Selected occupations, by age and sex, by provinces. 480 XXXV. Selected occupations, by sex and citizenship, by provinces. 485 XXXVI. Selected occupations, by sex and education, by provinces. 489 XXXVII. Selected occupations, by sex and conjugal condition, by provinces. 494 XXXVIII. Selected occupations, by sex and country of birth, by provinces... 499 XXXIX. Number and size of families, by provinces and municipal districts. 507 XL. Dwellings and families, by provinces and municipal districts. 512 XLI. Source of water supply, by provinces and municipal districts. 514 XLII. Disposition of garbage, by provinces and municipal districts. 517 XLIII. Disposition of excreta, by provinces and municipal districts. 520 Agriculture, history of, in Cuba. 523 Sugar. 524 Tobacco. 533 Coffee. 537 Cocoa. 539 Fruit. 539 Inferior agricultural implements. 539 Poor country roads. 539 Stock raising. 539 Number of coffee, sugar, and tobacco plantations, cattle ranches, and cattle.. 540 Discussion of results. 541 Farm areas. 542 Farm tenure. 544 Size of farms.;.. 546 Products. 547 Tables of agriculture. 553 XLIV. Farm areas. 553 XLV. Tenure, by race and by size of farms, number. 555 XLVI. Tenure, by race and by size of farms, cultivated area. 556 XLVII. Products. 558 XLVIII. Sugar plantations, classified by area. 560 G CONTENTS. Tables of agriculture—Continued. Page. XLIX. Sugar plantations, number and average size. 560 L. Tobacco plantations, classified by area. 560 LI. Tobacco plantations, number and average size. 560 LII. Live stock. 561 Education in Cuba, history of. 565 Royal University of Habana... 566 Public schools under the Spanish regime. 566 School laws and systems. 577 Teachers’ pensions and substitute teachers. 582 Salaries of teachers. 583 School law of June 30, 1900. 585 Institute collegiate course, 1900. 600 University of Habana, reorganization of. 605 * Discussion of tables. 615 Tables of schools. 618 LIII. Schools. 618 LIY. Pupils. 619 APPENDICES. I. War Department orders organizing the census. 621 II. War Department orders appointing disbursing officers of the cen¬ sus in Cuba. 625 III. Report of the assistant director, Y. H. Olmsted. 625 Reports of the supervisors. 627 IY. Province of Habana, Senor Manuel Rasco. 627 Y. Province of Matanzas, Prof. Claudio Dumas. 631 YI. Province of Pinar del Rio, Senor Pedro Pequeno. 638 YII. Province of Puerto Principe, Senor Augustin H. Aguera_ 640 VIII. Province of Santa Clara, Senor Juan Bautista Jiminez. 647 IX. Province of Santiago de Cuba, Senor Sabas Meneses. 652 X. Report of enumerator of Zapata Swamp, Sixto Agramonte. 658 XI. Report of enumeration of the north coast of Matanzas. 665 XII. Report of enumerator Maria Nunez de Yillavicencio. 666 XIII. List of enumerators. 668 XIY. Contract with the Tabulating Machine Company. 695 XY. List of the Governors of Cuba. 696 XYI. last of municipal districts, with dates of organization and memo¬ randum on territorial changes since 1861. 698 XVII. Memorandum on previous censuses. 702 XVIII. Memorandum on vital statistics. 714 XIX. Article on population, translated from Pezuela’s Dictionary. 727 XX. Bibliography. 737 XXL Statement of estimates and disbursements on behalf of the census. 738 Index.— 740 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. MAPS. Page. Map of Cuba. 18 Increase and decrease of population. 72 Density of rural population. 74 Size of cities. 76 Distribution of sex. 80 Proportion of native white inhabitants. 96 Proportion of foreign white inhabitants. 98 Proportion of colored inhabitants. 100 Average size of families. 114 Proportion of married persons to population. 118 Proportion of those living together by mutual consent to total population .... 132 Proportion of illiterates to total population. 152 DIAGRAMS. Population classified by sex, race, and nativity, by provinces. 82 Population by age and sex. 84 Citizenship by birthplace and illiteracy. 102 The city of Habana. 114 Size of families. 116 Conjugal condition, by race, sex, and age. 120 Conjugal condition, by provinces. 124 Illiteracy by race and nativity. 148 Illiteracy by provinces. 150 Occupations by race, sex, and nativity. 156 Occupations by provinces. 160 Birth rates. 716 Marriage rates. 718 Death rates. 719 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS. Supervisors of the Cuban census. Frontispiece. Yumuri Valley. 20 General landscape of cultivated farms. 20 Cave of Ballamar, near Matanzas. 22 Ruins of copper mines at El Cobre and Sierra Maestre. 24 Surrender Tree, near San Juan. 40 Habana. 42 Habana. 44 Matanzas. 46 Bridge over Yumuri River at Matanzas. 48 7 8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Pinar del Rio. 50 Puerto Principe. 52 Santa Clara. 54 Santiago de Cuba. 56 Entrance to harbor of Cienfuegos. 58 Nue vitas. 60 Trinidad. 62 Sancti Spiritus, from roof of orderly quarters. 64 Baracoa and entrance to harbor. 66 Dimas, village in province of Pinar del Rio. 68 Native white family. 70 Native colored family. 70 Native plow. 522 Plowing with oxen. 522 Sugar mill, province of Santa Clara. 524 Cutting and stripping cane. 526 Transporting cane to sugar mills. 528 Central Conchita. 530 Sugar machinery, “Central Caracas,” province of Santa Clara. 532 Tobacco plant. 534 Setting out young tobacco plants. 534 Tobacco plantation, province of Santa Clara. 536 Tobacco-drying house. 536 Sorting tobacco and putting it in bundles. 536 Baling tobacco. 538 Tobacco train. 538 Fruit exhibit. 540 Ready to cut pines and bananas. 542 Cocoa grove. 544 Pinery. 546 Avenue of Royal Palms, Matanzas. 548 Climbing the royal palm. 550 Roping cattle. 552 Typical municipal school building. 566 School for girls, Matanzas. 570 Municipal school, Matanzas. 572 Pupils of the college “Olavarrette,” Habana. 576 Exterior “University of Habana,” as seen from O'Reilly street. 584 Class in the corridor of the “Royal College,” Habana. 588 College “Maria Louisa Dolorosa,”. 592 Royal College of Belen, Habana. 600 Supervisor and enumerators, province of Habana. 628 Supervisor and enumerators, province of Matanzas. 632 Supervisor and enumerators, Pinar del Rio. 638 Supervisor and enumerators, province of Puerto Principe. 640 Supervisor and enumerators, province of Santa Clara. 648 Supervisor and enumerators, Santiago de Cuba. 652 Female enumerators, Habana. 658 Enumerators of the city of Matanzas. 662 Enumerators, city of Cardenas. 666 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. War Department, Cuban Census, Washington. August 25, 1900. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the census of Cuba: In the early part of July, 1899, I received instructions from the Hon. Russell A. Alger, Secretary of War, to prepare a u memoran¬ dum” for a census of Cuba. In August, immediately after your arrival in Washington, this “ memorandum’■ was submitted to the Director of the United States Census, Hon. W. R. Merriam, the Assistant Director, Dr. F. H. Wines, and Mr. William C. Hunt, chief statistician. After consultation with the War Department it was decided that a census covering the field of inquiry usual in the United States was not expedient for Cuba, in view of existing conditions; that the schedules should be limited to population, agriculture, and education, as the three subjects of most importance; that the general plan of the L T nited States census should be followed; and that, to save time, the schedules and other blank forms necessary for the enumera¬ tion of a population estimated at 1,600,000 be printed at once. The estimated cost of taking the census on this basis, together with a statement of the amount disbursed, will be found in Appendix XXI. As the Senate Committee on Cuban Relations, of which Senator O. H. Platt is chairman, will publish an itemized statement of the expenditures, they are omitted, to avoid unnecessary repetition. It was proposed in the u memorandum ” that the census be taken under the supervision of the Military Governor of the island by cer¬ tain Cuban officials, assisted by officers and enlisted men of the United States Army, but as the census was primarily for the benefit of the Cubans, and as the work would demonstrate in some measure their capacity to perform an important civil duty, it was decided bv the Secretary of War that the offices of supervisors and enumerators should be filled by Cubans, and that the field work should be per¬ formed by them, under the supervision of an experienced officer of the United States census, so that when the enumeration should be completed it would be a census of Cubans by Cubans. No decision could have been more fortunate, and, coupled with the proclamation of the President, in which the census was declared to 9 10 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 be a preliminary step in the establishment of an effective system of self-government, was the first, as it was the highest, expression of con¬ fidence on the part of the Government of the United States in the capacity and patriotism of the Cubans, removing all feeling of sus¬ picion as to the object of the enumeration, and placing the census at once en raj)j)ort with the people. Hundreds of intelligent and trust¬ worthy men and women volunteered to serve as enumerators without pay, and the order of the President was received throughout the island with great satisfaction. In no other way could such a manifestation of good feeling and of faith in the intentions of this Government have been elicited, and the result proved the wisdom of the measures. While some errors ma} r have crept into the work, and while possibly there are some omissions, it should not be forgotten that this is the first attempt of the Cubans to take a census, and that the difficulties attending it have been numerous, serious, and not easily surmounted. But whatever its defects, it is the opinion of the people of Cuba and of the expert tabulators and statisticians who have been engaged in compiling and analyzing the figures that they bear the impress of honest work, that the census was taken rapidly and far more accurately than could have been expected, and that in this respect it will compare favorably with any census of the United States. The different steps by which this was accomplished were as follows: An estimate was prepared of the probable cost of the census, based on the supposed population and the employment of Cubans as supervisors and enumerators; a careful study was made of the necessary organiza¬ tion in all its details, and the best wa} T to carry on the work in harmony with the general administration of the island. At the same time the Military Governor of Cuba was directed to nominate suitable Cubans as supervisors of the census for the six provinces of the island and to order them to Washington. This was done, and on their arrival, August IT, they were received hv Hr. Wines and Mr. Hunt, of the United States Census Office, and by Mr. Olmsted, of the Department of Labor, and for two weeks were carefully instructed in their duties as supervisors with a view to their becoming, in turn, instructors of the enumerators. On August IT the following proclamation of the President was issued: Executive Mansion, August 17, 1899. To the people o f Cuba: The disorganized condition of your island resulting from the Avar and the absence of any generally recognized authority aside from the temporary military control of the United States have made it necessary that the United States should follow the restoration of order and peaceful industry by giving its assistance and supervision to the successive steps by which yon will proceed to the establishment of an effective system of self-government. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 11 As a preliminary step in the performance of this duty, I have directed that a census of the people of Cuba be taken, and have appointed competent and disinterested citizens of Cuba as enumerators and supervisors. It is important for the proper arrangement of your new government that the information sought shall be fully and accurately given, and I request that by every means in your power you aid the officers appointed in the performance of their duties. William McKinley. As there were no general census laws in Cuba it was necessary to promulgate orders which would have the effect of laws, organizing the census, defining the duties of the census officials, and the obligations of the people in respect thereto. Accordingly, August 19, the necessary Executive orders were issued (Appendix I), and on the 23d the order appointing the disbursing officers (Appendix II). These orders were sent to the Military Governor of Cuba for promulgation in English and Spanish. Having been thoroughly instructed in their duties, and in the mean¬ ing of the regulations, schedules, and other blank forms for carrying on the work, and being duly impressed by the Secretary of War with the responsibilities of their office, the supervisors left for Cuba, August 23, and were followed, August 27, by the Assistant Director of the census, with his office force. Thus far the work of the census had been confined to Washington. The field work, attended with many difficulties, was now to follow. THE FIELD WORK. This was carried on under the immediate supervision of the Assistant Director, Mr. Victor H. Olmsted, an experienced official of the United States Census, who exhibited from first to last the mental, moral, and physical qualities necessary for the successful prosecution of the work. By dint of great patience, perseverance, unusual activ¬ ity, and tact he was able to win the confidence of the supervisors and enumerators, to instruct them in their duties, and to carry the work to a successful conclusion—no easy task for a foreigner and nonresi¬ dent of the island, as for many years its inhabitants had always con¬ nected the census with taxation and compulsory military service, toward which they had a strong natural aversion. Mr. Olmsted was directed to establish his office in the city" of Santa Clara, which was selected as a geographical center and as affording sanitary and other conditions favorable to the work. His report is submitted herewith. (Appendix III.) The first step in organizing the field work was the formation of the enumeration districts, and for this purpose accurate maps of the provinces and municipalities were almost indispensable. Foreseeing this, the Military Governor was directed, August 8, to have such maps prepared, but it was not until the arrival of Mr. Olmsted in Habana, 12 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. August 31, that much progress was made in this direction. On that date, learning that the military authorities in Habana had no suitable maps, he telegraphed to the military, civil, and judicial authorities throughout the island to furnish him such maps as they had, and later discovered in the insular state department a map, said to be the only one of its kind in existence, showing the boundaries of the judicial and municipal districts in each province, but several years old, and requiring revision. As soon as the available maps had been collected the number and boundaries of the enumeration districts were determined, subject to such changes as might be necessary after the supervisors had looked over the ground. This was a work of great difficult}". Paragraph VIII of the order organizing the census prescribed that the boundaries of the enumeration districts should be described by civil divisions—rivers, roads, public surveys, and other easily distinguished lines. But it was soon ascertained that, owing to the imperfections of the maps, little reliance could be placed on their topographical representations, and that, except in the cities, the boundaries of the minor civil divisions were not always given, and even when they were the lines of surburban and rural wards could not be determined, because, as was subsequently discovered, they had apparently over¬ lapped in some locations or were situated in two different municipali¬ ties, and the claims of the respective local authorities had not been adjusted. To avoid the double enumeration liable to result from this, it was decided to indicate the areas of rural and suburban enumeration dis¬ tricts which could not be defined as the orders prescribed by desig¬ nating the ward or wards to be included in their limits and by directing the enumerators to inquire whether the persons and premises visited by them had been visited and enumerated before, and if they had, to pass them by. Each enumerator was also required to post a printed notice on all buildings visited by him, giving the date of his visit, which was designed as an additional safeguard against double enumeration. By September 13 Cuba had been divided into 1,315 enumeration districts. Later on, owing to the scattered state of the population, the great difficulties of communication in the rural districts, and the importance of completing the enumeration within the time desig¬ nated by the President, it was found necessary to increase this number to 1,607, The enumeration districts having been established, the appointment of enumerators followed. As the value of the statistics to be col¬ lected depended entirely on the fidelity and intelligence of the enu¬ merators, the supervisors were cautioned to exercise great care in their selection, and were informed that women w T ere not necessarily LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 13 disqualified on account of their sex. One hundred and forty-two women were appointed enumerators and rendered excellent service, and it is said that for the first time in the history of Cuba, women were given public employment. To prepare the enumerators for their work and, so far as practicable, to guard against errors in the returns, one or more enumerators in each municipality were directed to report to the supervisor for instruction, becoming in turn the teachers of the other enumerators in the district. This they did by assembling in classes and going care¬ fully over the orders, schedules, etc., and testing their knowledge by the actual preparation of the papers required in the regulations. All enumerators were told that in doubtful cases of literacy the person to be enumerated should be required to read and write in the pres¬ ence of the enumerator, and, as far as could be ascertained by very careful inquiries, this was done. As soon as appointed each enumerator was given a commission and full field kit, and was then ready for the work. Some of those assigned to rural and suburban districts performed their duties at the peril of their lives, and all of the rural enumerators were subjected to much personal risk and discomfort, owing to the condition of the roads and streams, the prevalence of rain, and the depleted and sparsely settled state of the country. (Appendix IV to XII.) A full list of the enumerators will be found in Appendix XIII, and among the illustrations groups of those with whom the Director came in contact during his tour of inspection in November and December. For the accuracy with which this census has been taken the Cubans connected with it are certainly entitled to the credit and distinction of being faithful and intelligent pioneers in the discharge of civil duties never before intrusted to them. On the 10th of November the Director of the Census left Washing¬ ton on a tour of inspection, to enable him to ascertain, as far as possi¬ ble, in what estimation the work of the census was held by the peo¬ ple; to inspect the offices of the assistant director and supervisors; to see and question as many enumerators as could be collected together in the large cities; to determine the best disposition to be made of the census property, and on what date the clerical work incident to the examination of the schedules could be closed, and the latter shipped to Washington. The result of this inspection was satisfactory. The offices of the supervisors were found in good order, the secretaries, clerks, and the enumerators intelligent and very much interested in their work, and, as a rule, the schedules accurately and neatly prepared. After consultation with Mr. Olmsted, it was decided to close the work December 31, discharging all Cubans who might be connected with it on that date, except the supervisors, and to bring the latter, 14 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. with their schedules, and Mr. Olmsted and party from Cienfuegos to Washington January 6. It was thought advisable to bring the super¬ visors to Washington, that they might make the gross count of the population and be on hand to explain any ambiguities or defects which might be discovered in the schedules; to supervise the punching of the cards from which the tables were to be made, and to learn the entire method of handling the statistics. This programme was car¬ ried out, and Mr. Olmsted and his companions, with the records, arrived in Washington January 15. The gross count of the population was completed and certified by the supervisors by January 31, and on February 1 a contract was made with the Tabulating Machine Company of Washington (Appen¬ dix XIV), and the work of punching the cards was commenced. This was continued under the supervisors until completed, March 24, and between April 1 and 10 they returned to their homes, having labored conscientiously, intelligently, and successfully in the discharge of their important duties. Their reports are submitted. (Appendices IV to IX.) As much public interest had been shown in the results of the census, it was decided not to await the preparation of the full report, but to publish census bulletins containing condensed tables with a brief anal¬ ysis of their contents. The first bulletin, in English and Spanish, appeared May 10, and the others at intervals until all, three in num¬ ber, had been published and distributed, the English edition in the United States and Europe and the Spanish in Cuba. Other tables essential in deciding questions connected with the municipal elections were compiled and mailed to the military governor of Cuba April 14, 1900. In the preparation of the bulletins and report I have had the assist¬ ance of Mr. Henry Gannett, of the Geological Survey, and Mr. Walter F. Willcox, of the United States Census, both well known to the scientific world and thoroughly familiar with census work. In addition to the account of previous Cuban censuses Appendix XVII and the analysis of the tables to be found in this report, it has been thought advisable to present a description of the island and a brief sketch of so much of its history as bears on its population, economic condition, and government. A list of the authors consulted in this connection will be found in the Appendix (XX). The maps, diagrams, and views which illustrate the report were selected with sole reference to their practical or historic value. No attempt at a general collection of photographs was made. The cities represented are either the capitals of the provinces or, like Baracoa, among the oldest settled by the Spaniards. The landscapes give some idea of the most noticeable topographic features, viz, the great cen- LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 15 tral uplands, or sugar zone, the mountains, the beautiful valleys, and the caves. The agricultural industries of sugar, tobacco, fruit cultiva¬ tion, and stock raising are presented in some of their more interesting details, while the groups of supervisors, and enumerators, and the family groups are fair types of native Cubans, whose tragic and heroic struggle for liberty has excited the interest of the whole civilized world. Very respectfully, Hon. Elihu Root, Secretary of War. J. P. Sanger, Ins. Gent ., Director of the Census. CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Geography. The government of Cuba has jurisdiction not only over the island of that name, but also over the Isle of Pines, lying directly to the south of it, and more than a thousand islets and reefs scattered along its northern and southern coasts. For administrative purposes Cuba is divided into six provinces which, named from the west eastward, are Pinar del Rio, Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Puerto Principe, and Santiago de Cuba. These provinces are divided into municipal districts, of which Pinar del Rio contains 20, Habana 36, Matanzas 2d, Santa Clara 28, Puerto Principe 5, and Santiago 19, making a total of 132 municipal districts. The municipal districts are in turn divided into barrios or wards, which correspond in extent and organization somewhat with our elec¬ tion districts. The number of these in the entire island is between 1,100 and 1,200. Both municipal districts and wards differ widely in area and population. The five districts of Puerto Principe are large in area, while several in Habana and one or two in Santiago are in area little more than cities. In population, on the other hand, the dis¬ tricts range from Habana, with nearly a quarter of a million people, down to districts containing little more than 1,000 inhabitants. In popular language, the island is divided into the Vuelta Abajo , or the portion from the meridian of Habana to Cape San Antonio; the Vuelta Arriba , from the meridian of Habana to that of Cienfuegos; Las Cinca Villas , from the meridian of Cienfuegos to that of Sancti Spiritus, and Sierra Adentro , from the latter to Holguin and Cape Maysi. Cuba, the most populous of the West India islands, lies directly south of Florida. Habana is a trifle west of south of Key West and is distant from it, as the crow flies, about 100 miles, being separated from it by the Strait of Florida. East of Cuba lies Haiti, the second in size of the West India islands, and south of it lies Jamaica. The first of these islands is only 5J miles distant from Cape Maysi the easternmost point of Cuba. The latter is 85 miles distant from its southern coast. On the west, Cuba is separated by Yucatan Channel, 130 miles wide, from the Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. 2J662-2 17 18 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Thus from a military point of view Cuba occupies a strong strategic position, controlling the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico by the Strait of Florida, the ^Windward Passage to the Caribbean Sea between Cuba and Haiti, and Yucatan Channel, connecting the Gulf of Mexico with the Caribbean Sea. The first and last of these are the only entrances to the Gulf of Mexico, which is thus controlled completely by the island of Cuba. Cuba is included between the meridians of 71° and 85° west of Greenwich and between the parallels of 19 c 40' and 23° 33'. Its length from Cape May si on the east to Cape San Antonio on the west is 730 miles. Its breadth differs greatly in different parts, ranging from 100 miles in the east, in the province of Santiago, to 25 miles in the neigh¬ borhood of Habana. Its area, which is more fully discussed elsewhere, may be set down as 13,000 square miles, including the Isle of Pines and the keys. It is, therefore, a little larger than the State of Virginia and somewhat smaller than Pennsylvania. The north coast is for the most part bluff and rocky, and in the prov¬ inces of Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe bordered hy lines of islands and reefs of coral formation, the passages through which are extremelv intricate and difficult. These islands are low, are in the main covered with mangrove forests, and contain few inhabitants. The coast is low in the western part of the island, the bluffs ranging about 100 feet in height in Pinar del Rio and rising gradually east¬ ward. About Matanzas thev reach 500 feet in altitude. In Santa Clara and Puerto Principe they are lower, but in Santiago the coast is abrupt and rugged, almost mountainous, rising in a succession of terraces. The south coast from Cape Maysi to Cape Cruz is mountainous. Indeed, from Santiago westward to Cape Cruz the Sierra Maestra rises abruptly from the water to altitudes of several thousands of feet. The shores of the gulf of Buena Esperanza, into which flows the Rio Cauto, are low, and from this place westward, excepting a short stretch between Trinidad and Cienfuegos, the coast is low and marshy as far as Cape San Antonio, the westernmost point of the island. This coast strip of marsh is in the main narrow, but west of Cienfuegos it broadens into a great expanse, forming the Zapata Swamp, an almost impene¬ trable region, 75 miles in length with a maximum breadth of fully 30 miles, clothed with the densest vegetation and teeming with tropical life. It was within the protecting limits of this marsh that the Cubans during the recent rev wounded. Off the south coast are hundreds of low, marshy, mangrove-covered islands and islets. Most of the harbors on both coasts are of peculiar shape, resembling nothing so much as pouches with narrow, often sinuous, entrances, opening within into broad expanses completely sheltered. This is the olution maintained a hospital for their sick and A.Jfoen K, Co Litti Baltimore, AM. 75 ° 74r° 23° / NTA IIABAN RANCHfl VELOZ; k 'i5'y»iPiAh / ;. |INGO>.(rtl /San oie I JAGUEY 1 GRANOE f SAN7A C LAp, S^W.paC^ ,in-A * O _ _ L -^icoTaj rqu^nP' — (/OM 1*1 I*KI) FROM "CHART "K"C.S. COAS T AND GKODKTIC SURVEY” Boundaries of provinces— — —-— do municipal districts-— K ailroads.... .— Scale ! /1 ..." M..! flrt/An GEOGRAPHY. 19 character of the harbors of Habana, Santiago, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, and many others less known. In its relief the island of Cuba is not a simple orographic unit, but presents great variety and irregularity, which renders it incapable of simple description and generalization. The middle portion of the island, including the provinces of Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe, presents little relief, but consists in the main of broad, undulating plains and shallow valleys, the land rising only in a few places to any considerable altitude. It is only at the two extremes of the island, in the province of Pinar del Rio on the west and Santiago on the east, that the island presents any considerable or well-defined relief features. Throughout Pinar del Rio there runs a range of hills, a little north of the middle line of the province and closely paralleling in direction the northern coast. This range, which is fairly well defined, is known as the Cordillera de los Organos, or Organ Mountains, and rises in many places to altitudes exceeding 2,000 feet, culminating in Pan de Guagaibon, having an altitude of 2,500 feet. From the crest of this range the land descends northward and southward to the coast in long, undulating slopes, the southward slopes forming the celebrated tobacco lands known as Vuelta Abago. The central provinces of Cuba, Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe consist mainly of broadly rolling plains, with shallow stream valleys. In Habana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara these plains are, or were prior to the late revolution, in a high state of cultivation, while in Puerto Principe they are, in the main, used for the grazing of cattle. The valley of the Yumuri, in Matanzas, is a type of the beautiful, highly cultivated region of this part of the island. The Sierra de los Organos ceases as a range a little west of Habana, but traces of this uplift can be followed through the central part of Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and the western part of Puerto Prin¬ cipe in the form of lines of hills of no great altitude dotting these extended plains. They are seen south of the city of Habana in the little timbered hills known as the Tetas de Managua, and farther east in the Areas de Canasi, the Escaleras de Jaruco, and the Pan de Mat¬ anzas, just south of the city of Matanzas. This rises to an altitude of 1,300 feet and serves as a landmark to sailors far out in the Atlantic. In the eastern part of Matanzas province these hills disappear, but they reappear again in Santa Clara, taking the form of elongated crest lines and flat top summits, and as such extend into the western part of the province of Puerto Principe. In the southern part of the province of Santa Clara is a group of rounded hills, occupying an area between Cienfuegos, Trinidad, and Sancti Spiritus. The highest of these, Potrerillo, has an altitude of 2,900 feet. Among these hills are many beautiful valleys. Santiago, at the other end of the island, is a province presenting 20 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. great relief. Its surface is extremely broken with high, sharp moun¬ tain ranges, broad plateaus of considerable elevation, and deep valleys— some of them broad, others narrow and resembling canyons. The dominating orographic feature of the province—indeed, of the whole island—is the Sierra Maestra, which, commencing at Cape Cruz, south of Manzanillo, extends eastward, closely paralleling the coast, from which it rises abruptly, as far east as the neighborhood of Santiago. In this part it contains many points exceeding 5,000 feet in altitude, and culminates in Pico Turquino, which is reputed to have an altitude of 8,320 feet. From Santiago it extends to the east end of the island, but is much more broken and has more of a plateau-like form, with a great diminution in altitude. This portion of the range takes on a different name, being known as the Cobre Range. It contains numer¬ ous flat summits, approximating 3,000 feet in altitude, one of which, known as La Gran Piedra, is said to have an altitude of 3,300 feet. North of Sierra Maestra lies the broad and fertile valley of the Canto, beyond which the country rises gradually to a high plateau occupying the interior of the province, with a summit elevation of 1,000 feet or more, on which stands the city of Holguin. The eastern part of the province consists of a maze of broken hills, with altitudes ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 feet, in which are many small and fertile valleys. The Isle of Pines, with an area of 810 square miles, is a municipal district of the province of Habana. It is in effect two islands, con¬ nected by a marsh, the northern being somewhat broken by hills, the southern low, flat, and sandy. The rivers of Cuba, though numerous, are short, and few of them are of any importance for navigation. The largest stream is the Rio Canto, which heads in the interior of Santiago province and in the north slopes of Sierra Maestra, and flows westward through a broad valley to its mouth in the Gulf of Buena Esperanza, after a course of about 150 miles. This stream is navigable for light-draft boats to Canto Embarcadero, about 50 miles above its mouth. The next stream of importance for navigation is the Sagua la Grande, on the north slope of the island, in Santa Clara province. This, which enters the sea near the city of Sagua la Grande, is navigable for some 20 miles above its mouth. Several other streams are navigable for a few miles above their mouths, but in most cases only through what may be regarded as estu¬ aries. Taking the island as a whole, its internal communications, except along the coasts, are dependent almost entirely upon its very few and poor wagon roads and its few railroads. MINERAL RESOURCES. The mineral resources of Cuba, so far as developed, are few in num¬ ber and not of great importance. The principal product is iron ore, YUMURI VALLEY. GENERAL LANDSCAPE OF CULTIVATED FARMS. CLIMATE. 21 which is found at various points near the south base of Sierra Maestra, between Santiago and Guantanamo. The ore is mainly hematite, with some limonite, and is found principally as float, in great masses of bowlders. It is easy to work and of excellent quality, containing about 62 per cent of iron. A few occurrences have been discovered and mined of ore in place in the rock. There are three companies owning this mining property, one of which, the Juragua Company, has mined and shipped a considerable quantity of ore, nearly all of the shipments having gone to the United States. Up to 1895 the product of this company is stated at a trifle over 3,000,000 tons. Operations by the other two companies have consisted mainly in development work, only a small quantity of ore having been shipped by them. The late war, of course, put a stop to mining operations and much of the mining plant was destroyed. A copper deposit, reputed to be of extraordinary richness, is known in the vicinity of El Cobre, in the southern part of Santiago province, but since 1868 mining upon it has been at a standstill. Deposits are reported in other parts of the island, and much of this metal may yet be produced. Asphaltum is found in various places, notably in the vicinity of the city of Santa Clara, where it has for many years been used in making illuminating gas for the city. A little gold and silver has been mined in the island in past times, but for many years the island has not produced either of these metals. CLIMATE. The climate of Cuba is comparatively simple in its character and can be briefly described. With the long, narrow shape of the island, its great extent of coast line and small breadth, it has in the main an insular climate with a high mean temperature, slight extremes of temperature, great humidity of the atmosphere, and an ample rainfall. At Habana, on the north coast, the mean annual temperature is 77°. The range of temperature between the mean of the hottest month and that of the coldest month is from 82° to 71°, or only 11°. The high¬ est temperature on record in Habana is 100.6°, and the lowest 49.6°. This maximum recorded temperature is no higher than in northern cities of the United States, but the duration of high temperatures is much greater in Cuba and explains the high mean temperature. But, notwithstanding the long-continued high temperature, the climate of the northern portion, of the island is tempered by the trade winds which blow with but little variation throughout the year, and the nights in both winter and summer arc cool. The mean annual tem¬ perature at Habana fairly represents that of the island, it being per¬ haps a little hotter upon the south coast and inland than upon the north coast. The range of temperature between summer and winter does not differ probably materially anywhere on the coast from that 22 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. at Habana, but inland is probably a little greater. The mean relative humidity at Habana averages about 75 per cent and remains tolerably uniform at all times of the year. Inland the humidity becomes some¬ what less, but not decidedly so. The mean annual rainfall at Habana, derived from observations of many years, is 52 inches. The record shows, in different years, a rainfall ranging from 40 to 71 inches. This represents quite closely the rainfall upon the north coast of the island. Inland and upon the south coast it is probably somewhat less, although observations are lacking. This is decidedly less than upon the Gulf coast of the United States and but little greater than that of the northern seaboard cities. As regards the distribution of rainfall through the year, there is a wet and dry season, the former being from May to October, during which time about two-thirds of the precipitation of the year is received. Rain falls during about one-third of the days during each year, although this does not represent by any means the proportional amount of rainy weather. The days are usually clear up to about 10 o’clock, from which time till night, during the rainy season, it is frequently showery. The nights are commonly clear. Thunderstorms are fre¬ quent, but not violent. The prevailing winds throughout the island are the northeast trades, which blow with great persistency, but seldom with violence. The island is occasionally, though not frequently, visited by hurricanes. These break upon the coast, causing the maximum destruction in its neighborhood, and rapidly lose their force and violence as they proceed inland. In winter, when the trade winds extend farthest to the southward, the island not infrequently comes within the influence of u northers,” from the North Temperate Zone, greatly and suddenly reducing the temperature on the north coast. These occur during the winter months and follow the severe storms of the United States, when the temperature sometimes falls as low as 50°, causing much suffering, as very little provision is made against cold in the construction of the Cuban houses. FLORA. Owing to the richness of the soil, the equable, moist temperature and abundant rainfall, the island is a veritable garden, abounding in flowers, luscious fruits, and a great variety of vegetables. Uncultivated nature has a wild luxuriance of jungle, grove, and forest to be traversed only by the aid of machete or along well-worn pathways. To illustrate the great variety of its native flora, it may be stated that over 3,350 native plants have been found in the island besides those introduced. They include many species of valuable wood, such as the mahogany, ebony, granadilla, majagua, cedar, walnut, ceiba, lignum-vitie, oak, pine, and the palm, of which there are over 30 species, among them the royal INTERIOR OF THE CAVE OF BELLAMAR NEAR MATANZAS. FAUNA. 23 palm, which, to the poor Cuban, is the most valuable of all, as the leaves provide him with a roof and the trunk with walls for his primi¬ tive dwelling. In the interior the forests are in large part made up of Cuban pine, which forms excellent lumber. Although a large pro¬ portion of the island has been cleared during the past three hundred years for the purposes of cultivation, yet it is estimated that 13,000,000 acres, or nearly half its area, still remain clad in original forests. These areas are found mainly in the eastern part of the island, in the provinces of Santiago and Puerto Principe. Over a large part of the cleared or cultivated areas are luxuriant grasses, which, like the parana and guinea grasses, grow to a height of several feet and are abundant and nutritious. FAUNA. Throughout Cuba game is abundant; deer, though not native, have flourished and multiplied greatly. Rabbits are also plentiful. The wild boar, so called, the wild dog, and the wild cat are simply domestic animals run wild. They are quite numerous in all parts of the island. • Wild fowl, especially ducks and pigeons, abound, the former crossing from the Southern States during the winter season, while the latter remain on the island the year round. Pheasants, quail, snipe, wild turkeys, and wild guinea fowl are also numerous, with several varieties of game birds, such as the jperdiz , tojosas , rabiches , and the guanaros. The only distinctively native animal is the jutia or hutia , ratlike in appearance, and black, which grows to a length of 16 or 18 inches, not including the tail. While eatable, it is not especially palatable. Cuba has more than 200 species of native birds, including those already mentioned as game birds, many possessing the most beautiful plumage, but those with song are rare. In swampy localities crocodiles and American alligators (caiman*) are found, and although these frequently grow to an enormous size, but little attention is paid to them by the natives. Chameleons, small lizards, tree toads, and similar harmless silurians of diminutive size are very common, while occasionally the iguana and other large varieties of the lizard species are seen. Few varieties of snakes exist in Cuba. One of these, the maja , from 10 to 11 feet in length, is a semidomesticated reptile, if such a term may be used, for it is most frequently found about the huts, farmhouses, and small villages, its favorite living place being in the palm-leaf thatches of the older buildings, while its favorite food is poultry. Another snake, named th ejuba, is more vicious in disposition than the maja , although never reaching more than one-third its size. It is not poisonous. The other varieties are still smaller in size, are seldom seen, and are not venomous. 24 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. The land crabs are very abundant and annoying. They vary in size from an inch to 8 inches or mo^e in diameter. Scorpions, centipeds, and tarantulas are plentiful, and, although they are poisonous, their bites are rarely, if ever, fatal. HISTORY. Many books have been written about Cuba, but few detailed and reliable histories. Such information as is available is in fragmentary form, and many important events connected with the affairs of the island arc unrecorded, or so briefly touched on as to be unintelligible. The time allowed for the preparation of this report will not admit of an extended compilation of historic facts and no attempt has been made, therefore, to do so. But it has been considered advisable, as pertinent to this census, to refer to the discovery and first settlement of Cuba, its government, and the causes which have apparently affected its progress. An effort has also been made to collect all reliable data in regard to the movement of population, agriculture, and education, and these are presented by way of preface to the analysis of the tables. Cuba was discovered by Columbus Sunday, October 28, 1492. According to the most reliable evidence, he landed in, or a little to the west of, what is now called the bay of Nuevitas, on the north coast of the province of Puerto Principe. He took possession of the island in the name of Christ, Our Lady, and the reigning Sovereigns of Spain, and named it Juana in honor of Prince John. . Continuing his voyage, Columbus sailed west as far as the Laguna dc Moron, where he arrived October 31. From here, on November 12, he commenced to retrace his steps. It is somewhat difficult to decide from his journal where he sailed between November 12 and 26. lie appears to have returned to the vicinity of the Guija Islands and then to have cruised about among the keys and islands off the prov¬ ince of Puerto Principe, finally reaching the Bay of Nuevitas. On November 26 he sailed southeast along the coast of Santiago de Cuba to Baracoa, where he arrived on the evening of November 27. From there he sailed, on December 4, to Point Mavsi, the eastern end of the island, and on the following day to the island of San Domingo. On the 3d of May, 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued a bull conferring on Ferdinand and Isabella all lands already discovered, or to be dis¬ covered, in the Western Ocean, thus confirming by divine right, to all Christendom, the claims of Columbus. Columbus visited Cuba three times after this. In 1493, during his second voyage, he followed the southern coast from Point Maysi as far as Batabano and the Isle of Pines, which he reached June 13, 1493, discovering in the meantime the island of Jamaica, which he visited while en route from Santiago de Cuba to Cape Cruz. During RUINS OF COPPER MINES AT EL COBRE AND SIERRA MAESTRE. HISTORY. 25 this voyage Columbus visited Guantanamo, Trinidad, and probably Cienfuegos. During his fourth and last voyage, he touched at Cayo Largo, off the south coast of the province of Santiago de Cuba, in July, 1502, while en route to, and again in May, 1503, when returning from, the mainland. From this time to its permanent occupation by the Spaniards, Cuba does not appear to have been visited often by other explorers, although in 1508 Sebastian Ocampo, acting under the orders of Nicolas de Ovando, Governor of San Domingo, reported that Cuba was an island, but this was known, probably, to other explorers several years before. Nevertheless, it does not appear that Cuba received much attention from the Spanish authorities prior to 1511. In that year Diego Columbus, Admiral of the Indies and Governor of San Domingo, sent Capt. Diego Velasquez, one of the companions of Columbus in his second voyage, to subdue and colonize Cuba. With a force of 300 men he sailed from San Domingo and landed near Point Maysi, going thence to Baracoa, where the first settlement was made in 1512. In 1514 Velasquez founded Trinidad and Santiago de Cuba, on the southern side of the island, to facilitate communication with the Spanish colonies of Jamaica and the mainland, Sancti Spiritus near its middle point, and Remedios, Bayamo, Puerto Principe, and San Cris¬ tobal de la Habana, the latter on what is now the site of Batabano. In 1519 this name was transferred to a settlement on the present site of Habana. The same year, Baracoa, having been raised to the dig¬ nity of a city and bishopric, was declared the capital, and so remained until 1522, when both were removed to Santiago. Habana became the capital in 1552. On the death of Ferdinand, January 23,1516, Velasquez renamed the island Fernandina in his honor. It was subsequently named Santiago, after the patron saint of Spain, but the name was again changed to Ave Maria, in honor of the Virgin. Through all these official changes, however, it retained its native original name. Velasquez continued to govern Cuba as adelantado , or lieutenant- governor, under the governor and audieneia of Santo Domingo, until his death in 1524. He had five successors in the office of lieutenant- governor. (See Appendix for list of Governors.) The first Governor, Hernando de Soto, was appointed in 1536; he was also adelantado of Florida. The first Captain-General was Don Gabriel de Lujan, appointed in 1581. During this interval the Spanish population had increased very slowly; but two additional towns, Guanabacoa and El Cobre, were founded, 1555 and 1558, and not another town was built for more than one hundred years. In the seventeenth century but two towns of any importance, Matan- zas and Santa Clara, were founded, and in the eighteenth but nine. 26 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. At the end of this period the population of the island is said to have numbered 275,000 souls, while the development of its wealth had scarcely begun. In fact, for many years after its colonization, Cuba was not a wealth-producing colony, and, therefore, not an object of much solicitude or patronage. In the general scheme of colonizing the West Indies, both Cuba and Jamaica were occupied to facilitate trade with the rich colonies of the Spanish main, and while still a young colony Cuba, as a depot of supply, was severely taxed by the numerous expeditions which sailed from her shores between the years 1512 and 1538. If the situation and many natural advantages of Cuba be considered, it is evident at a glance that either the Cubans have been blind to their opportunities or that causes generally beyond their control have retarded the growth of the population and the development of the island’s resources. The latter would seem to be the case, although it can not be said that the Cubans were not in some measure accountable. The principal staples of Cuba, and those upon which its wealth mainly depends, are sugar and tobacco. The largest sugar crop, 1891-95, was 1,051,000 tons; the largest tobacco crop (same year), about 2,180,000 arrobas, or 62,000,000 pounds; and its population at the outbreak of the recent war was probably between 1,800,000 and 2,000,000 souls. It is the opinion of experienced and enlightened judges that the island could easily have produced a crop of sugar and tobacco five times as large and had a population of 5,000,000 people had its administration been characterized by different theories of government. That, in the administration of her colonies, Spain was a bad excep¬ tion to a general rule of liberal and generous government on the part of other countries toward their colonial dependencies is by no means the case. In fact, much the same ideas appear to have influenced all of them at the outset, although the results were different, as might be expected of governments having different origins, forms, and theories. The prevailing idea appears to have been that the political and economic interests of colonies were always to be subordinated to those of the home country, no matter how injurious the consequences, and, while in some instances this course was modified with most beneficial results, it was followed unremittingly by Spain to the end of her supremacy over Cuba. Aside from the fact that during the early history of Cuba Spain had little surplus population to dispose of, and that through the expulsion of the Jews and Moors she lost a large and valuable part of it, her trade restrictions, established at the beginning of the colonial period in her history and continued without essential modification for nearly three hundred years, would account, in some measure, for the slow increase in the population and industries of Cuba. These restric¬ tions appear to have originated in the royal cedula of May 6, 1497, HISTORY. 27 granting to the port of Seville the exclusive privilege of trade with the colonies. At the same time the Casa de Contratacion , or Council of Trade, was established, upon which was conferred the exclusive regulation of trade and commerce, although later the Council exercised its functions under the general control of the Council of the Indies. San Domingo, and later Vera Cruz, were the only colonial ports author¬ ized to trade with Seville. In 1717 the trade monopoly of Seville was transferred, by royal order, to the port of Cadiz, in Spain. While Santiago was the capital of Cuba, trade between the island and the home ports mentioned was restricted to that place, and when, in 1552, the capital was transferred to llabana, that city became the sole port of entry until 1778, except during the English occupation of the island, 1762-63, when Habana was opened to free trade. By the royal decree of October 12, 1778, trade between Santiago, Trinidad, Batabano, and other Spanish ports was authorized. This privilege was extended to Nuevitas in 1784, to Matanzas 1793, Caibarien 1794, and Manzanillo and Baracoa in 1803. Prior to this Cuban ports were practically under an embargo of the strictest kind. Even between the ports of Habana and Seville or Cadiz, there was no free communi¬ cation, but all trading vessels were gathered into fleets, or u flotas ,” from time to time, and made the voyage accompanied by Spanish war ships, partly for protection against freebooters and pirates, but chiefly to prevent trade with other ports. In 1765 this restriction was removed. The maritime laws regulating trade and commerce forbade trade even between the colonies, and as early as 1592 trade with foreigners was only permitted by special authority, and in 1614 and 1680 trade with foreigners was prohibited under pain of death and confiscation of the property concerned. The treaties of the period appear to have recognized these prohibi¬ tions as entirely justifiable under the rules of international intercourse as they existed at that time. Thus by the treaties of 1648 and 1714 between Spain and the Dutch provinces it was agreed by the con¬ tracting parties to abstain from trading in the ports and along the coast of the Indies belonging to each of the treaty nations. Again, by the treaty of Madrid between England and Spain, similar engage¬ ments were made, although article 10 provided that in case vessels arrived at the prohibited ports under stress or shipwreck they should be kindly received and permitted to purchase provisions and repair damages. This privilege was subsequently withdrawn by royal orders of January 20 and April 15, 1784, which prescribed that no vessel belonging to a foreign nation should be permitted to enter, even under the pretext of seeking shelter. The severity of these restrictions was modified later on and, by a royal order of January 8, 1801, Cuban ports were thrown open to the commerce of friendly and neutral nations. 28 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Other commercial privileges were granted in 1805, 1809, 1810, and 1812, due, in great measure, if not entirely, to the French invasion of the Peninsula and its effect on Spanish possessions in the West Indies and America. But these concessions to trade with Spanish colonies were hut temporary, as by royal orders of January 10, November 17, and July 10, 1809, foreign commerce with Spanish-American ports was prohibited. Against these last restrictions of trade the various Spanish colonial Governors, and especially the Captain-General of Cuba, protested on the ground of the necessities of the colonies and the inability of Spain to meet them. These objections having been favorably considered by the Council for the Indies, foreign trade with Habana was extended for six months. Many other decrees and ro} T al orders affecting trade with Cuba and the other Spanish colonies were promulgated during the period between 1775 and 1812, but they throw no additional light on this subject. It is plain that Spain was always averse to granting trade facilities with her colonies, and only did so for a time when forced by her necessities; but having once opened Cuban ports and to that extent established the privilege of foreign trade, which it was difficult to recall, the next step was to restrict it as far as possible by duties, tonnage, and port dues, and arbitrary tariffs imposed from time to time in such a way as to render foreign commerce unprofitable. Without going into details it may be said that up to 1821 duties on foreign commerce were much greater than on Spanish merchandise, and while from that year they were generally less restrictive, still they were always high enough to compel Cubans to purchase from Spanish merchants, who, as Spain did not herself produce what was needed, bought from French, German, American, or other sources, thereby raising prices far above what they would have been under a system less hampering. In fact, up to 1818 Cuba does not appear to have had a tariff system. In that year a tariff was promulgated making the duties 26i per cent on agricultural implements and 13 per cent ad valorem on other foreign merchandise. This was modified in 1820 and 1822 and the duties reduced to 20 per cent on agricultural implements and 37 per cent ad valoi'em on foreign industrial products. On all Spanish importations under this classification the duties were two-thirds less. The tariff of 1821 was less prohibitive. Not satisfied, apparently, with this arrangement for excluding foreign trade or with the amount of customs revenue, an export tariff was established in 1828 on sugar and coffee, which had by that time become important products. On sugar the duty was four-fifths of a cent per pound, and on coffee two-fifths of a cent per pound. If exported in foreign vessels, the duty on sugar was doubled and on coffee was increased to 1 cent per pound. With slight modifications HISTORY. 29 these duties continued to August 1, 1891, when, under the McKinley tariff law, a reciprocal commercial agreement was proclaimed by Presi¬ dent Harrison between Spain and the United States, which enabled Cuba to seek its nearest and most natural market. In a short time nearly the entire trade of Cuba was transferred to the United States, and Cuba enjoyed a degree of prosperity never before attained. But with the termination of this agreement by the tariff law of 1894, the old practice of differential, special, and discriminating duties against foreign trade was reestablished, thus forcing upon the Cubans compulsory trade with Spain. There seems to be no question among impartial and intelligent judges as to the injurious effect of this system on the growth of Cuba’s population and material progress, both largely dependent on commercial advantages. Another evil born of the system and given a certain amount of immunity through the reverses and disasters of the Spanish navy, in consequence of which Spain was unable to protect her commerce or fully enforce trade regulations, is smuggling, which began with trade restrictions and monopolies and has continued to this day, the amount of merchandise smuggled being, for many years, nearly equal to that regularly imported and exported. From smuggling on a large scale and privateering to buccaneering and piracy is not a long step, and under the name of privateers French, Dutch, English, and American smugglers and buccaneers swarmed the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico for more than two centuries, plundering Spanish flotas and attacking colonial settlements. Among the latter, Cuba was the chief sufferer. Sallying forth from Santo Domingo, Jamaica, the Tortugas, and other islands and keys, these marauders raided the island throughout the whole extent of its northern, eastern, and south¬ ern coast line, levying tribute, kidnaping individuals, and carrying off whatever was needed. In 1538 they attacked and burned Habana. In 1544 they attacked Baracoa, Matanzas, and Habana, which they again sacked and burned. In 1604 Giron, a French buccaneer, landed twice in Santiago, capturing the Morro, and in 1679 French buc¬ caneers again raided the province. Incursions on a smaller scale were frequent, causing the Captain-General to issue an order requiring all men to go armed and all persons to retire to their homes after night¬ fall. By the terror they excited these raids retarded somewhat the development of agriculture by compelling the people to concentrate in the towns for protection. On the other hand, they stimulated the construction of fortifications in the harbor of Habana and other ports, which, a few years later, made them safe against such incursions. Coupled with trade restrictions and extending throughout the entire life of Cuba as a dependency of Spain, excessive taxation has always prevailed. Apart from imports and exports, taxes were levied on real 30 "REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. and personal property and on industries and commerce of all kinds. Every profession, art, or manual occupation contributed its quota, while, as far back as 1638, seal and stamp taxes were established on all judicial business and on all kinds of petitions and claims made to official corporations, and subsequently on all bills and accounts. These taxes were in the form of stamps on official paper, and at the date of American occupation the paper cost from 35 cents to $3 a sheet. On deeds, wills, and other similar documents the paper cost from 35 cents to $37.50 per sheet, according to the value of the prop¬ erty concerned. Failure to use even the lowest-priced paper involved a tine of $50. There was also a municipal tax on the slaughter of cattle for the market. This privilege was sold by the municipal council to the highest bidder, with the result that taxes were assessed on all animals slaughtered, whether for the market or for private consumption, with a corresponding increase in the price of meat. Another tax established in 1528, called the derecho de averia , required the payment of 20 ducats ($16) by every person, bond or free, arriving in the island. In 1665 this tax was increased to $22, and continued in force to 1765, thus retarding immigration, and, to that extent, the increase of population, especially of the laboring class. An examination of these taxes will show their excessive, arbitrary, and unscientific character, and how they operated to discourage Cubans from owning property or engaging in many industrial pursuits tending to benefit them and to promote the material improvement of the island. Taxes on real estate were estimated by the tax inspector on the basis of its rental or productive capacity, and varied from I to 12 per cent. Similarly, a nominal municipal tax of 25 per cent was levied on the estimated profits of all industries and commerce, and on the income derived from all professions, manual occupations, or agencies, the collector receiving 6 per cent of all taxes assessed. Much unjust discrimination was made against Cubans in determining assessable values and in collecting the taxes, and it is said that bribery in some form was the only effective defense against the most flagrant impositions. Up to the year 1638 the taxes were collected by royal officers appointed bv the King, and their accounts were passed on by the audiencia of Santo Domingo. In that year contadores (auditors) were appointed who exercised fiscal supervision over the tax collectors, until, by royal cedula of October 31, 1764, the intendancy of Habana was created, the administration of taxes being conducted as in Spain. Since 1892 the taxes have been collected by the Spanish Bank under a ten years’ contract, the bank receiving a commission of 5 per cent. About 18 per cent of the assessed taxes remained uncollected between HISTORY. 31 1886 and 1897, and the deficits thus caused were added to the Cuban debt, ever a subject of universal discontent. 1 If to high taxes, high tariffs, and utter indifference, apparently, to the needs of the island be added a lack of banking facilities of all kinds, and a system of currency dependent entirely on the Spanish Government and affected by all its financial difficulties, we have some of the reasons why the economic development of Cuba has been slow. “All her industrial profits were absorbed by Spain, leaving no surplus to provide for the accumulation of capital and the material progress of the island,” 2 which was apparently regarded as a government monopoly, whose productive capacity was in no wise connected with its economic interests. Accordingly, such interests were invariably subordinated to those of Spain—with which they rarely accorded—no matter how injurious the result. That this course should have been followed in the early period of Spanish colonization is not strange. All sorts of economic experiments, based on what are now considered absurd economic theories, were tried about that time by European countries in vain efforts to promote national prosperity by entirely unnatural methods. Thus, for many years Cuba was prohibited, in common with other colonies, from the cultivation of raw products raised in Spain, thus reversing the theory and practice under which England subsequently developed her manufacturing industries at home, successfully colonized all parts of the habitable globe, and established her enormous colonial trade, by the very natural process of paying for the raw products of her colonies in manufactured articles. No nation in Europe during the sixteenth century was in a better condition than Spain to establish such a system, as she was essentially a manufactur¬ ing country. But with the expulsion of the Moors her manufactures were practically ruined; the wealth which for many years had poured in from the colonies in exchange for the supplies shipped them now passed through her to other countries in consequence of her extinguished industries, and she became little more than a clearing house for foreign products. Five-sixths of the manufactured articles used in Spain were imported, and foreigners, in direct violation of Spanish laws, soon car¬ ried on nine-tenths of the trade with her colonies. It may be said that results equally unfortunate appear to have attended all other branches of Spanish colonial government. Under a policy so shortsighted that it was blind to the most ordinary precautions, and 1 According to the data of the tribunal of accounts (tribunal de suentas ) of Habana, referred to by Senor la Sagra, Cuba received as ordinary and extraordinary “situcidos” from Mexico, from 1766 to 1788, 57,739,346 pesos fuertes, and from 1788 to 1806 the sum of 50,411,158 pesos fuertes. 2 The proof of this is the bad condition of the roads and harbors, the absence of docking facilities, the lack of adequate water supply in cities, of sewers, paved streets, schoolhouses and other public buildings essential to every community and provided by private or public enterprise. 32 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. long after repeated warnings should hare suggested a greater measure of economic and political independence for Cuba, the entire system of Cuban government and administration was retained in the hands of Spanish officials to the exclusion of native Cubans, thus substituting for home rule a government which, however necessary in the earlier history of the island, became, with the lapse of centuries, an object of suspicion and hatred to a large majority of Cubans, as the medium through which Spain exercised despotic power over them and appro¬ priated to herself the wealth of the island. That these feelings would have yielded to greater economic and political freedom, there can be no question. Political independence was not generally advocated at first. Autonomy under the protection of Spain was as far as the industrial classes cared to go, and had this been granted ten years earlier Cuba might and probably would have remained a Spanish col¬ ony. It was the economic rather than the political aspect of the island that concerned the greater part of its population. But in Cuba polit¬ ical and economic conditions were inseparable under the theory of colonial government which prevailed, and economic concessions were not to be thought of if the practice of stripping Cuba by the various means described without giving Cubans the least opportunity to pre¬ vent it in a peaceful wa} r was to continue. That they would ever resort to force was not believed, or if believed, not feared, in the face of a despotic Governor-General with a local army and navy to enforce his authority and the whole power of Spain in reserve. Besides, the Cubans had given ample proof of their loyalty. But the rulers of Cuba, usually blind to its interests, were to test the loyalty of her people beyond the limits of endurance, and, as a result, to lose for Spain her “ever faithful island.” From the time of Velasquez, 1512, to General Don Adolpho Jim¬ enez Castellanos, 1898, Cuba had 136 rulers. A list of them will be found in Appendix XV, and it may be said that, with but a dozen excep¬ tions, they did nothing toward the development of the island or the welfare of the people, although clothed with despotic power since 1825. A large number of them were Spanish politicians, appointed without special reference to their fitness, but as a reward for services, personal or political, rendered to the Spanish Government. The resources of Cuba were alwa} T s available to the home party in control- for this purpose, which accounts in some measure for the unanimity of Spanish opinion respecting political concessions to the island. It was necessary that its control should remain absolutely in the hands of the Captain-Generals representing the home government; but there is very little question that had all of them exercised their authority with moderation, lightened the burden of taxation, removed or modi¬ fied many trade restrictions, promoted public works, and used their HISTORY. 33 authority to extend the influence of the Cubans in the administration of the island, the dominion of Spain might have been continued for years to come, as much of the political agitation would have been avoided, the gulf between Spaniards and Cubans would have been bridged over, until, through these and other influences, an adjustment of the economic situation would have brought peace and prosperity to the people. The first serious opposition to the insular government was brought out by the attempt of Captain-General Vicente Roja to enforce the government monopoly in tobacco, decreed in 1717. Several bloody riots occurred and Roja was obliged to withdraw temporarily from the island. Apart from uprisings among the negroes, stimulated no doubt by the success of their race over the French in the neighboring island of San Domingo there were no other attempts at insurrection on the part of Cubans until after the conspiracy of 1823, planned by a secret society known as the 4 "Soles de Bolivar.” This conspiracy resulted from the attempt of Captain-General Vives to carry out the instructions of Ferdinand VII, after the abrogation of the Spanish liberal constitution of 1812, and was intended as a protest against a return to absolutism in Cuba; but, apparently, it failed of effect, and there was no relaxation of efforts to reestablish the old order. The conspiracy was of a serious character and extended over the entire island, but centered in Matanzas, where among the revolutionists was Jose Maria Heredia, the Cuban poet. The conspiracy failed and the leader, Jose Francisco Lemus, and a large number of conspirators were arrested and deported. A feeling of bitter resentment against the Government was the result, and a period of agitation and public demonstration followed. Frequent uprisings were attempted in 1821, but failed. It would have been well for Spain had Ferdinand VII been warned by these events and endeavored, by conciliatory measures, to allay such manifest feelings of discontent. But neither he nor his advisors would seethe 44 handwriting on the wall.” With characteristic sever¬ ity, the royal decree of May 28, 1825, was issued, conferring on the Captain-General 44 all the powers of governors of cities in a state of siege * * * with full and unlimited authority to detach from the island and to send to the Peninsula all officials and persons employed in whatsoever capacity, and of whatsoever rank, class, or condition, whose presence may appear prejudicial, or whose public or private conduct may inspire you with suspicion * * * and further to suspend the execution of any order or general regulations issued in whatever branch of the administration and to whatever extent you may consider convenient to the royal service, etc., to see that faithful 21662-3 34 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. servants of His Majesty be remembered, at the same time punishing without delay or hesitation the misdeeds of those, etc.' 51 An army from Spain, intended for the subjugation of former Span¬ ish colonies in South America, which w T as to have been dispatched from Cuba, was retained there, and a military commission was permanently organized to try political offenses under the above decree and the arti¬ cles of war. Political agitation having taken the form of revolutionary demon¬ strations, there was a gradual separation on political lines between the Cubans and Spaniards, and numberless Cuban secret societies were formed throughout the island for political propaganda. Allied with the Cubans were all of the more radical, as well as the more moderate liberal members of the community, while the Spanish party included beneficiaries of former monopolies and the conservative and reac¬ tionary elements, which, under the policy of the Captain-Generals, had crystallized around the officials of the government and their coadjutors in the church. The political agitation continued, and in 1826 a small uprising took place in Puerto Principe, directed by the Sociedad de la Cadena, and aimed against the abuses of the regiment Leon quartered there. The same } T ear (June 22) the Congress of American Republics assembled at Panama, to which the President of the United States appointed Mr. John Sergeant, of Pennsylvania, and Mr. Richard Anderson, of Ken¬ tucky, as envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary. Mr. Anderson was United States minister to Colombia and died en route to the congress, which had adjourned before Mr. Sergeant arrived, to meet at Tacabaj^a. But it did not meet again, and consequently the United States delegates took no part in its deliberations. The objects of this congress, as set forth in the correspondence, were to urge the establishment of liberal principles of commercial inter¬ course, in peace and war, the advancement of religious liberty, and the abolition of slavery, to discuss the relations of Havti, the affairs of Cuba and Porto Rico, the continuation of the war of Spain on her Spanish colonies, and the Monroe doctrine, which announced as a principle, “that the United States could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them (governments in this hemisphere whose independence had been declared and acknowledged b} T the United States), or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any Euro¬ pean power in any other light than as a manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.” While the United States no doubt sympathized with the objects of the congress, the debates in the Senate and House of Representatives indicated a desire to avoid interference with Spain, a friendly nation, 1 Promulgated again in the royal decrees of March 21 and 26, 1834. HISTORY. 35 or the slavery question, and that it was not prudent to discuss ques¬ tions which might prove embarrassing to the United States if called on to consider them at a future time. As a result, the American dele¬ gates were given limited powers, and this, coupled with the conserva¬ tive attitude of the United States, resulted in the failure of the congress to achieve any result. The year before Francisco Agiiero and Manuel Andres Sanches, a second lieutenant in the Colombian army, had been sent from Cuba to the United States and to Colombia to urge their interference and assist¬ ance. An expedition was organized in Colombia to be led by the famous Colombian patriot, Simon Bolivar, but the failure of the Panama congress caused the abandonment of the expedition. On the return of the emissaries to Cuba they were arrested, tried, and executed. Following this effort, in 1830, a revolution was planned by the society of the u Black Eagle,” a Masonic fraternity having its base of operations in Mexico, with secondary bases in Habana and at various points throughout the island. The conspiracy failed, and several of the conspirators received sentence of death, afterwards commuted by Captain-General Yives to life imprisonment. The object of the con¬ spiracy was the independence of Cuba, the pretext a report that the island was to be ceded to Great Britain. In 1836 the constitution of 1812 was reestablished in Spain, but proved of no benefit to Cuba. On the contrary, the deputies sent from Cuba to the constitutional convention in Madrid were excluded, and, by a royal decree of 1837, the representation in the Cortes which had been given Cuba in 1831 was taken away, and it was announced that Cuba would be governed by special laws. These, the Cubans claim, were never published. From this time to 1847 several upris¬ ings or insurrections occurred throughout Cuba, followed in that year by a revolutionary conspiracy organized by Narciso Lopez, and hav¬ ing in view the liberation of the island or its annexation to the United States. It had been arranged to make the first demonstration on the 4th of July, in the city of Cienfuegos, but the plot was made known to the Spanish Governor, and Lopez and his companions fled to the United States, where, in 1849, they organized a fillibustering expe¬ dition, which was prevented from leaving by the vigilance of the Government. In 1850 Lopez organized a second expedition, which sailed from New Orleans May 10 and landed with 600 men at Carde¬ nas, attacking its small garrison. A portion surrendered with Gov¬ ernor Ceniti and the remainder went over to the insurgents. As the uprising upon which Lopez depended did not take place, he reembarked the same day and made his escape to Key West. Undeterred by these failures, he organized a third expedition of 480 men in 1851, which sailed from New Orleans and landed, August 12, 36 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. at Playitas, near Bahia Honda, 55 miles west of Habana. Colonel Crittenden, of Kentucky, with 150 men formed part of the force. On landing Lopez advanced on Las Pozas, leaving Colonel Crittenden in El Morrillo. Meeting a Spanish force under General Enna, Lopez was defeated after a gallant tight, his force dispersed and he with some 50 of his men captured and taken to Habana, where he was garroted. In attempting to escape by sea Crittenden and his party were captured and on the 10th of September were shot at the castle of Atares. In the same } T ear an uprising took place in Puerto Principe, led by Juaquin de Aguero, but the movement came to naught and he and several of his companions were executed. Following the attempt of Aguero came the conspiracy of Vuelta Abajo, organized in 1852 by Juan Gonzalez Alvara, a wealthy planter of the province of Pinar del Rio. Associated with him were several other prominent Cubans, and among them Francisco deFras, Count of Pozos Dulces. This attempt at revolution was discovered and the leading conspirators arrested. They were tried and sentenced to death, but were finally transported under sentence of life imprisonment. Meantime the Liberal Club of Habana and the Cuban Junta in New York were raising money and organizing expeditions destined for Cuba. Some of them sailed, and in 1859 an attempt was made to land at Nue- vas Grandes. But these expeditions accomplished little, except to keep alive the spirit of revolution. From this time to the outbreak of the revolution of 1868 the con¬ dition of Cuban affairs does not appear to have improved. Taxes continued excessive and duties exorbitant, reaching at times an average of 40 per cent ad valorem on all imports, and so distributed as practically to prohibit trade with any country except Spain. Small uprisings and insurrections were frequent and there were many exe¬ cutions. Meanwhile the results of the civil war in the United States, and more particularly the abolition of slavery, encouraged the Cubans to hope for liberal reforms, especially in the trade and industries of the island, but no concessions appear to have been made until the } T ear 1865, when, by a royal decree of November 25, a commission was appointed by Isabella II to consider the question of reforms in the administration of Cuba. Nothing came of it, however, although it afforded an opportunity to the few Cuban delegates who were present to formulate their views. They demanded greater political and eco¬ nomic liberty, a constitutional insular government, freedom of the press, the right of petition and assembly, the privilege of holding office, and representation in the Cortes. It would have been well for Spain had she listened to these complaints and made some effort to satisfy them, but nothing was done and as a result the revolution of 1868 was commenced at Yara in the province of Puerto Principe. It was ended by the capitulation of Zanjon, February 10, 1878, and HISTORY. 37 in its more serious phases was confined to the provinces of Santiago and Puerto Principe. No battles or serious engagements were fought, although a guerrilla warfare of great cruelty and intensity was carried on. While the casualties of the fighting were comparatively few for a war of such duration, there were many deaths from disease, exe¬ cutions, and massacres, and the Spanish troops suffered severely from yellow fever, which prevailed at all times in the sea-coast cities. The effect of the ten years’ war on the material condition of Cuba can not be stated with accuracy. The population had increased in the ten years previous at the rate of 17 per cent during the war, and for ten years after the increase was but 6 per cent. A large number of lives and a large amount of property were destroyed, and an enormous debt was incurred, while taxes of all kinds increased threefold. The war is said to have cost the contestants $300,000,000, which was charged to the debt of Cuba. By the capitulation of Zanjon 1 Spain agreed to redress the griev¬ ances of Cuba by giving greater civil, political, and administrative privileges to the people, 2 with forgetfulness of the past and amnesty for all then under sentence for political offenses. It has been claimed by Cubans that these promises were never fulfilled, and this and the failure of the Cortes to pass the bill reforming the government of Cuba, introduced in 1891 by Senor Maura, minister for the colonies, are generally given as the causes of the last rebellion. On the other hand, Spain has always insisted that every promise was observed, and that even more was granted than was asked for or stipulated in the articles of capitulation. Thus, by the decree of March 1, 1878, Cuba and Porto Pico were given representation in the Spanish Cortes, upon the basis of their respective populations, and the provincial and munic¬ ipal laws of 1877 promulgated in Spain were made applicable to Cuba. By proclamation of March 21, 1878, full amnesty was given to all, even to Spanish deserters who had served in the insurgent army; on May 23,1879, the penal code of Spain and the rules for its application were given effect in Cuba; on April 7, 1881, the Spanish constitution, full and unrestricted, as in force in Spain, was extended to Cuba by law; in 1885 the Spanish law of civil procedure was given to Cuba, and on July 31, 1889, the Spanish civil code, promulgated in 1888, was put in operation in Cuba and Porto Rico. After examining all the evidence, however, the student of Cuban history will probably conclude that while the Spanish Government was technically correct in claiming to have enacted all laws necessary to make good her promises, there was a failure usually to execute them, and that, as a matter >of fact, political conditions in Cuba remained 1 Sometimes referred to as the “Treaty” or “Compromise” of Zanjon. 2 Same as people of Porto Rico. 38 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. practically as before the war, although very much improved on the surface. 1 A serious permanent fall in the price of sugar in 1884 and the linal abolition of slavery in 1887 added to the economic troubles of the people, and in conjunction with continued political oppression, kept alive the feelings which had brought on the war. The Cubans believed that notwithstanding the capitulation of Zanjon they were still mere hewers of wood and drawers of water, with but little voice in the government of the island, and that Spain was the chief beneficiary of its wealth. And such would appear to have been the fact if the following figures, taken from official sources, can be relied upon: From 1893 to 1898 the revenues of Cuba, under excessive taxation, high duties, and the Habana lottery, averaged about $25,000,000 per annum, although very much larger in previous years, 2 depending on the financial exigencies of the Spanish Government. Of this amount $10,500,000 went to Spain to pay the interest on the Cuban debt, $12,000,000 were allotted for the support of the Spanish-Cuban army and navy and the maintenance of the Cuban government in all its branches, including the church, and the remainder, less than $2,500,000, was allowed for public works, education, and the general improvement of Cuba, independent of municipal expenditures. As the amounts appropriated annually in the Cuban budget were not sufficient to cover the expenditure's and there was a failure to collect the taxes, deficits were inevitable. These were charged to the Cuban debt, until, by 1897, through this and other causes, it aggregated about $100,000,000, or an amount per capita of $283.51—more than three times as large as the per capita debt of Spain and much larger than the per capita debt of any other European country. Under such perverted economic management it is not surprising that another rebellion was planned, and that the war of 1895-1898 followed. The United States had always shown a friendly interest in the affairs of Cuba, and the question of its annexation had been discussed as far back as 1825, when Mr. John Quincy Adams was President, partly, it is said, to prevent the island from passing under the control of any other nation, in violation of the Monroe doctrine, and partly for the purpose of extending the slave territory of the United States. To this end a popular movement was started in the Southern States dur¬ ing the Mexican war (1816). Two years later (1818) President Polk made propositions to the Spanish Government, through the American minister in Madrid, having in view the purchase of the island. 1 It was the interpretation and execution of the laws bv Governors having but little sympathy with the natives rather than the laws themselves that caused most of the trouble in Cuba. 2 In 1860, $29,610,779; 1880, $40,000,000; 1882, $.‘15,860,246.77. Cuba was expected to contribute whatever was demanded. HISTORY. 39 Again, in 1854, the strained relations between Spain and the United States, growing out of the detention of the American steamer Black Warriw' in the harbor of Habana, charged with violating the customs regulations, and the search of several American vessels by Spanish cruisers elicited the “ Ostend Manifesto,” drawn up by the American ministers to England, France, and Spain, in which it was declared “that the possession of Cuba by a foreign power was a menace to the peace of the United States, and that Spain be offered the alternative of taking $200,000,000 for her sovereignty over the island or having it taken from her by force.” Finally, during the ten years’ war, Presi¬ dent Grant, while expressing his belief to the Spanish Government that only independence and emancipation could settle the Cuban ques¬ tion and that intervention might be necessary to end the war, repeat¬ edly proffered the good offices of the United States in reestablishing peace. Meanwhile, in 1873, the capture of the Virginius and the tragic execution of 53 of her passengers and crew in the city of San¬ tiago de Cuba by order of the Spanish commander came near to involv¬ ing the countries in war, happily avoided by diplomatic action. 1 As the rebellion of 1895 proceeded, much sympathy was felt for the Cubans by the people of the United States, which being reflected in Congress resulted in a concurrent resolution of strict neutrality, but coupled with a declaration that the United States should proffer its good offices to Spain, through President Cleveland, with a view of ending the war and securing the independence of the island; but nothing came of it. As the war continued it excited much interest in the United States, and, in 1896, both Republican and Democratic national conventions passed resolutions of sympathy for the Cubans and demanded that the Government take action. Although the Committee on Foreign Relations in the Senate of the Fifty-fourth Congress reported a resolution, December 21, 1896, recognizing the republic of Cuba, it was never taken from the calen¬ dar. Meanwhile reports of outrages and indignities to American citizens in Cuba and of the dreadful effects of reconcentration were fre¬ quently communicated to the Government or published in the press. In May, 1897, Congress appropriated $50,000 for the purchase of supplies for the reconcentrados , 2 as it was reported that many of them were, or claimed to be, American citizens. The supplies were sent under permission of Spain, and were distributed to the reconcentrados , 1 The records of the State Department show conclusively that, notwithstanding serious provocations, the United States up to the time of the recent war had always observed strict neutrality toward Spain in dealing with Cuba, and had always stood ready to recognize her control over the island. Nor were the Cubans ever encour¬ aged by the President to believe that either belligerency or independence would receive acknowledgment. ' l Reconcentrados, or, as they were called, “ Pacificos,” were the country people (small farmers), who sympathized with the insurgents and gave them such assistance as they could. The proclamation of Captain-General AVeyler, issued in 1896, required them to abandon their homes and property of every kind and move into the nearest towns, where many of them died of starvation and disease. Their homes were destroyed 40 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. whether Americans or not, and soon after the revocation of the edict of reconcentration and the recall of Captain-General Weyler were requested by the United States. While these requests were favorably received by Spain, it was very evident that little was being done, and as the war continued apparently on the same lines, it was thought advisable to send a man-of-war to Habana for the protection of American citizens. The battle ship Maine was selected for this duty, and sailed in January, and soon after the Spanish cruiser Viscaya was ordered to visit New York, as evidence of existing friendly relations. On the night of February 15 the Maine was blown up and 2 officers and 264 sailors lost their lives. Spanish officials at once insisted that the explosion was due to an accident caused b} T carelessness and lack of discipline. A board of naval officers was convened by the President to examine into the circumstances, and after a careful investigation, extending over a month, reported that the ship had been blown up from the out¬ side. A contrary report was the result of a Spanish investigation. The report of the naval board was laid before Congress by the Presi¬ dent, who meanwhile had used every effort to avoid war by diplomatic action. Early in April it became known that Spain had proposed to the insurgents a suspension of hostilities, to be followed by a capitulation, and had appropriated $600,000 for the relief of the reconcentrados , but that the proposal had been rejected by the insurgent leaders. As it was evident from this that the war would continue, the President sent a message to Congress on April 11, requesting authority to end the war and to secure in Cuba the establishment of a stable government capa¬ ble of maintaining order and observing its international obligations. On April 19 Congress passed joint resolutions, which, after reciting the conditions existing in Cuba, demanded the withdrawal of Spain from the island, and empowered the President to use the military and naval forces of the United States to carry the resolutions into effect. This was practically a declaration of war, and, on April 23, the President issued a proclamation calling for 125,000 volunteers, which number was subsequently increased to 200,000, and the Regular Army to 60,000 men. By a formal declaration of April 30, Congress announced that war had existed since April 21. On April 24 Commodore Dewey, commanding the Asiatic Squadron, was notified by the Secretary of the Navy that war with Spain had begun, and to proceed to the Philippine Islands and capture or destroy the Spanish fleet. On Apr! 27 he sailed from Hongkong in the execution of this order, and on the afternoon of April 30 arrived at the entrance of Manila Bay, where, on the following da} r , he cap¬ tured or destroyed all the vessels of the Spanish fleet. On June 14 an American army, numbering 15,000 men, under com¬ mand of Gen. W. R. Shafter, sailed from Port Tampa, Fla., for Santiago de Cuba, where it arrived on the morning of June 20, and THE SURRENDER TREE NEAR SAN JUAN HILL. HISTORY. 41 on July 1 and 2 the battle of San Juan took place, resulting in the defeat of the Spanish troops and the investment of Santiago. 1 On the morning of July 3, the Spanish fleet, under Admiral Cervera, attempted to escape from the harbor, but was intercepted by the American fleet under Capt. William T. Sampson and totally destroyed. On Juty 16, articles of capitulation were signed at Santiago de Cuba, followed by the formal surrender of the Spanish forces in the eastern district of Santiago on July 17. On August 12 a protocol provided for a cessation of hostilities, and on December 10 a treaty of peace between the United States and Spain was signed at Paris. It was ratified by the President February 6, 1899, and by the Queen Regent of Spain March 19, and proclaimed in Washington, D. C., April 11, thus ending the last act in the drama. Cuba was to be free at last on the single condition that u she estab¬ lish a stable government capable of maintaining order and observing international obligations.” With this question she is to deal presently. While the ten years’ war was not without disastrous effects on the economic development of Cuba, they were trifling as compared with the war of 1895-1898, which resulted in a large decrease of population and of the wealth-producing power of the country. It may be said in general, on a conservative estimate, that the population of the island decreased 12 per cent and its wealth two-thirds. As an indication of the financial stress prevailing in the island, the ratio of mortgage indebtedness to the value of real property, as assessed by the Spanish Government, is interesting. The mortgages and censos are from the reports of the registers of property to the treasurer of the island for January, 1900, and are shown in the fol¬ lowing tables: RURAL REAL ESTATE. Province. Value of prop¬ erty. Amount of mort¬ gage indebted¬ ness. Amount of quit rents (censos). Habana..•_ $44,140,610.00 45,594,977.40 28,982, 950.50 3,466,736.90 41,838,395.00 20,701,166.20 $18, 797,063.00 35,754,485. 38 8,080,998.31 2,706,196.52 37,422,559. 71 4,135,946.40 $7,037,047.42 9,178,964.43 4,833,793. 36 984,795.10 3,445,936. 78 188,915.72 Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago de Cuba. Total. 184,724,836. 00 i 106,897,249. 32 2 25,679,452.81 1 58 per cent, approximate. 2 14 per cent, approximate. CITY REAL ESTATE. Habana. $84,804, 500.00 17,704,963.50 3,278.733.80 2,428,446. 00 19,761,472.30 10,938,944.10 $89,522,541. 96 4,685,557.49 640,609.89 461,078.83 3,965,725.35 1,454,449.99 $11,900,842. 61 1,264,729.11 286,744.55 388,335.40 497,992.04 270,206. 77 Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago de Cuba. Total. 138,917,059. 70 1 100,729,943.51 2 14,608,850.48 1 79 per cent, approximate. 2 10 per cent, approximate. 1 This included the operations of Lawton at El Caney, July 1. 42 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. It should not be forgotten in discussing these ratios that there has been no valuation of real property since American occupation, and that the values given are those made by Spanish officers some time prior thereto. The actual value of real estate, especially of city property, is much greater than is given in the tables. It is probable that the amount of encumbrances is also greater than has been stated. It is quite certain that had the war continued under the same conditions for another year, nearly the entire rural population of the central and western provinces would have been destroyed, as also their agricultural wealth. There¬ fore American interference did not come too soon, and the Cubans have every reason to be thankful that the declaration of President McKinley made to Congress April 11, 1898, “that the war in Cuba must stop,*’ was not made in vain. Prominent among the causes tending to retard the material prosper¬ ity of Cuba has been the lack of educational interest and facilities. For nearly three hundred years there were practically no schools in the island. A history of education in Cuba is presented elsewhere in this report as an introduction to the analysis of the tables of education. It is suf¬ ficient in this connection to sa}^ that prior to 1842 there were no pub¬ lic schools in Cuba. In that year, largely through the efforts of the Sociedad Economica de Habana and of other patriotic residents of the island, provision was made by the Spanish Government for public schools. But if any reliance can be placed in the following figures, they did very little toward educating the masses. By the census of 18G1 there were 793,484 white people in Cuba, of whom 552,027, or 70 per cent, could not read, and of the 603,046 colored persons, 576,266, or 95 per cent, could not read. By the census of 1887 there were 1,102,889 whites, of whom 715,575, or 64 per cent, could not read, and of the 528,798 colored, 463,782, or 87 per cent, could not read. No statistics of the degree of literacy in the island in 1842, when the public-school system was commenced, are available, but the state of education nearly fifty years after affords some idea of the sufficiency of the schools and of their influence in eradicating a potent cause of stagnation. An increase of 6 per cent in literacy of the white population in twenty-six years indicates either that very little importance was attached to public education as a means of general improvement, or that no such improvement was expected. From the contemplation of this picture of prolonged misrule, we turn in closing to a few incidents in the history of Cuba from which she derived substantial and lasting benefit. First in chronological order was the invasion and occupation of the island by the British in 1762, assisted b} T troops from the Anglo-American colonies. Habana was surrendered August 13, after a two months’ siege. The English GOVERNMENT. 43 held the country as far east as Matanzas until the following spring, when, by the treaty of Paris (February, 1763), which ended the war between England, France, and Spain, Cuba was ceded back to Spain in exchange for Florida. Up to this time Habana had been the only port of entry since it became the capital in 1558, and even trade with Habana was confined strictly to Seville and Cadiz. The English opened this port at once to foreign and domestic commerce, thus removing at a stroke all the restrictions which had fettered it, and, although the English occupation lasted but six months, the benefit to Cuba was per¬ manent, as after the recession of the island to Spain it was found impracticable to reestablish former trade restrictions entirely. The cession of Florida to England caused the migration of a large number of Spaniards from Florida to Cuba. The next event, in point of time, which, however unfortunate for Spain, proved of great benefit to Cuba, was the revolution in the neighboring island of Haiti, the cession of that island to France in 1795, and the race war between the whites and negroes which followed, and which was continued at intervals for ten years. Thousands of French and Spanish settlers fled or emigrated to Cuba, where they located, chiefly in the provinces of Santiago and Puerto Principe, introducing the cultivation of coffee and adding materially to the wealth and agricultural prosperity of the island. Similarly, the cession of Louisiana to the United States in 1803 and of Florida in 1819 and the revolution of the Spanish South American colonies and of Mexico caused a notable increase in the population of Cuba, to which many loyal Spaniards emigrated or fled for refuge. In truth, the loyalty of Spaniards to their Government and its insti¬ tutions, their patriotic devotion to their country, their steadfast cour¬ age, and their patient endurance through many trials and provocations are among the traits which contributed to the remarkable ascendency of Spain and her former dominion over more than half the known earth. Yet, combined with these characteristics, was the leaven of personal lib¬ erty and a love of political freedom born of ancient privileges, and for which they have e\er contended. These qualities, under the influences of the nineteenth century, were destined to establish republics even as in past centuries they had founded empires. GOVERNMENT. The government of all Spanish colonies was conducted on the the¬ ory that newly discovered territory belonged to the Crown rather than to the Government and that all political control was vested in the King, who appointed all the Viceroys, Captain-Generals, and Governors. When Cuba was colonized by Velasquez this control was mainly exercised through the Council of the Indies. The Cortes of Castile was seldom called except to vote funds or supplies for the King, and 44 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. every branch of colonial administration, civil as well as military, was under the jurisdiction of the Council, which appointed all officials not appointed by the King. Thus all government control centered in the Council and the King, and local self-government, which was developed at an early stage in the English colonies, became practically impossi¬ ble in the Spanish colonies, no matter to what extent it may have existed in theory. Coupled Avith secular control, as an important part of the plan of colonization, was that of the church, and in every colonial expedition there were abbots, bishops, priests, friars, or monks, Avho, while they were largely interested in the material prosperity of their order by the acquisition of land, the erection of churches, monasteries, and comments, de\ T oted themselves zealously to the conversion of the natives and pro¬ tected them as far as possible against the cruelty and rapacity of the invaders. On the other hand, it must be conceded that while in the early history of the island its purposes were ostensibly benevolent, the Spanish Church has persistently and rigorously opposed freedom of conscience, the spread of public education, and eA T ery effort on the part of the Cubans to establish self-government. By the year 1857 the property of the church in the island amounted to about $7,152,685, and the adjustment of church claims is iioav one of the most difficult questions before the insular government. The plan of Spanish colonization in America, as well as the laws governing the colonies, was essentially Roman in origin. Up to the year 1621 the laws of Spain applied equally to all her colonies, but thereafter they did not unless declared to do so by the council of the Indies. Special regulations, decrees, etc., modifying the application of the laws to the colonies or promulgating neAV laws were frequent, and their compilation in 1680 Avas published as the “Law of the Indies.” This and the “ Siete Partidas ,” on Avhich they Avere largely based, comprised the code under which the Spanish American colonies Avere governed. All the colonies AA^ere founded practically on the same plan. This included the presidio , or military headquarters, the pueblo, or town, and the mission for the conversion and education of the Indians, usu¬ ally located at some distance apart from the other tAvo. The land set aside for th z pueblo was laid out in the form of a square or rectangle. The p , l aza i °r public square, antis then laid out near the central point, and after that the streets of the town, dividing it into blocks. The public buildings and church Avere erected around the plaza , facing it, the remaining space being occupied with dwellings. This is the plan of all the oldest cities and towns of Cuba. To the military garrison AA T as intrusted the protection of the pueblo and mission and the con¬ duct of all expeditions for any purpose. CITY OF HABANA. GOVERNMENT. 45 After establishing the municipality the next step was the exploration and pacification of the country, and after that the disposition of the spoils captured, including the land and natives. These were usually divided among the Spanish followers of the military commander, one- fifth of all gold, silver, and Indians being turned over to the revenue officers of the Crown. As in the mother country, the colonial municipality was the local political unit, and its government was vested in an ayuntamiento , or municipal council, consisting of mayors {alcaldes) and councilors {regi- dores). There was also an alguacil , or sheriff, and in the large towns a procurador syndico , or city attorney. The alcaldes acted as judges and conducted trials. In the early history of Spanish municipalities they were, to a limited extent, self-governing, electing the mayors and councilors. With the extension of the royal authority following the union of the Spanish provinces the control of these offices was gradually assumed by the Crown and they were filled by nomination or appointment, being sold to the highest bidder, and often made hereditary. With the return of more liberal government this practice was discontinued, and finally they again became elective. This was the experience of Cuban municipali¬ ties. Not all the councilors were selected in this way, however, as some were elected. For such elections a royal decree of 1558 con¬ ferred the elective franchise on the forty largest taxpayers and on those who had academic or university degrees. The alcaldes were appointed by the Governor-General from the members of the council. This plan of government continued with slight variations until 1812, when it was modified, but was reestablished in 1814. In 1859 each municipality was given a council consisting of 1 mayor, 1 syndic , and 6 aldermen, if the population was 5,000, and 2 deputy mayors and 10 aldermen if the population was 10,000. Exception was made of Habana, which was given 7 deputy mayors, 4 syndics , and 16 aldermen. All councilors, except those appointed for life, were elected in each municipality by the largest taxpayers, subject to the approval of the Governor-General, the number of electors being twice or thrice as many as the number of councilors to be elected, according as the population was less than or exceeded 10,000. The elections were held annually, and the Cubans claim that under this system the offices were generally filled by Spaniards, although they did not com¬ prise one-fifth of the white population. By the electoral law of August 20,1870, amended by that of Decem¬ ber 16,1875, the elective franchise was conferred on the heads of fam¬ ilies actually engaged in some profession or trade, who had resided in the district for two } r ears at least, and who paid a tax of 5 pesos on their own property one year before the formation of the electoral list, or who were civil employees of the state, the province, or municipal- 46 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. ity, in active service, or retired or pensioned from the army or navy, and all adults who had resided in the district two years who could fur¬ nish proof of their professional or academic education b}^ means of an official certificate. Other electoral laws, orders, and decrees regu¬ lating the elective franchise have been promulgated since the law of 1875. Property education and tax tests were always qualifications of both provincial and municipal electors until 1897, when universal suf¬ frage in municipal elections onl} T was granted. Very little authority, especiall} r in fiscal affairs, was conferred on the municipal councils, the members of which performed a variet} r of duties, and their existence as well as their acts were absolutely under the control of the Governor-General. B} t a royal decree of 1878, the organic municipal and provincial laws of the peninsula, somewhat modified, were extended provisionally to Cuba. By these laws a municipality is defined to be the legal asso¬ ciation of all persons who reside in a municipal district, and is to be represented by a municipal council as a financial administrative corpo¬ ration. A municipal district is the territory under the administra¬ tion of a municipal council. Municipal districts are established, increased, diminished, annexed to other municipal districts, wholly or in part, or abolished, by the Military Governor as the lawful suc¬ cessor of the Governor-General. They correspond in a measure to American counties or townships, and as prerequisites to their estab¬ lishment must contain not less than 2,000 inhabitants, a territory pro¬ portioned in extent to the population, and be able to meet the obligatory municipal expenses. Municipal districts differ in area, and each forms part of a judicial district and of a province, but can not belong to different jurisdictions of the same order. There are 6 provinces, 31 judicial districts, and 132 municipal districts in the island. To facilitate the administrative service, each municipal district is divided into subdistricts and the latter into wards (barrios), depending on the number of residents in the subdistricts. For political purposes the subdistricts are further divided into electoral districts and the latter into electoral sections. As far as practicable, ward limits are arranged so that the wards shall have approximately the same population; but every part of the municipal district must form, or be included in, a ward, no matter what its population may be. Thus the province of Matanzas has 24 municipal districts and 128 wards, so that the entire province is embraced within district and ward lines. The seat of municipal government is the principal town or city in the district where the enumeration of the subdistricts and wards begins. Each municipal district has a municipal council and a municipal CITY OF MATANZAS - GOVERNMENT. 47 board. The council governs the district, subject to the supervision of the governor of the province and Military Governor of the island, and is composed of a mayor, a certain number of deputy mayors, and aldermen taken from the members of the council. 1 The census of the population determines the number of councilors to which each municipal district is entitled, as follows: Up to 500 inhabitants, five; 500 to 800, six; 800 to 1,000, seven; between 1,000 and 10,000, one additional councilor for every additional 1,000 people; and between 10,000 and 20,000, one for every additional 2,000 people. For more than 20,000, one for every additional 2,000 inhabitants until the municipal council has the maximum number of 30 councilors. The number of deputy mayors is determined on the same principle. Municipal districts of less than 800 inhabitants have no deputy may¬ ors; between 800 and 1,000, one; 1,000 to 6,000, two; 6,000 to 10,000, three; 10,000 to 18,000, four; 18,000 or more, five. Up to 800 inhab¬ itants there is but one subdistrict, and between 800 and 1,000 two, but thereafter the number of subdistricts corresponds to the number of deputy mayors. Each deputy mayor is in charge of a subdistrict as the representative of the mayor, discharging such administrative duties as he may direct, but having no independent functions. Up to 3,000 inhabitants there is but one electoral district; between 3,000 and 6,000, three; 6,000 to 10,000, four; 10,000 to 18,000, five; 18,000 or more, six. The councilors are elected from the municipality at large by the qualified voters of the district, one-half being renewed every two years, the councilors longest in service going out at each renewal. They are eligible for reelection. The regular elections are held in the first two weeks in May, but partial elections are held when, at least six months before the regular election, vacancies occur which amount to a third of the total number of councilors. If they occur after this period they are filled by the governor of the province from among former members of the council. All male citizens over 25 years of age who enjoy their full civil rights, and have lived at least two years in the municipality, are enti¬ tled to vote, provided they are not disqualified by sentence for certain criminal offenses, bankruptcy or insolvency, or are not delinquent tax¬ payers or paupers. The mayors and deputy mayors are appointed by the Military Gov¬ ernor from among the councilors on the recommendation of the coun¬ cil. But while under the law the deputy mayors must be selected from the council, the Military Governor may appoint any person as mayor, whether he belongs to the municipality or not. In each ward there is also an alcalde de barrio or ward mayor. He 1 This law was in force when the census was taken. 48 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA., 1899. is appointed by the mayor of the municipal district, who can also sus¬ pend or remove him. He is required to keep a register of the horses, mules, and cattle in his ward, and to discharge such administrative duties as the deputy mayor of the subdistrict in which his ward is located may direct. Each council has a secretary, who is appointed by the Military Gov¬ ernor of the island on the recommendation of the council. The coun¬ cil also appoints from among its members one or more fiscal attorneys (;procuradores syndicos ), whose duty it is to represent the council in all legal suits which may be instituted, and to revise and audit all local accounts and budgets. After the council is fully organized the coun¬ cilors who are not appointed to other offices in the council are called aldermen. The mayor and secretary are the only salaried municipal officers, the office of deputy mayor, fiscal attorney, alderman, associate member of the municipal board, and mayor of a ward being described in the law as “gratuitous, obligatory, and honorary.” The mayor, deputy mayors, and fiscal attorneys have the same right to speak and vote as the members of the council, and, in fact, the first two are obliged to vote on every resolution. The duties and responsibilities of the municipal council are those which usually devolve on such bodies in European countries. The mayor is president of the council and represents it on all occasions. He presides at the meetings when the governor of the province is not present. He votes by right of membership, and in case of a tie casts the deciding vote, but has neither the veto nor the appointing power. As a result, there is no division of responsibility between the mayor and the council in administrative matters, the council, as a whole, making every appointment and deciding every question of municipal administration as far as the laws and the provincial and insular gov¬ ernors will permit, distributing the work of departmental management to permanent committees of their own number, which the} 7 organize and constitute as may seem best. These committees have associated with them such experts and specialists as may be necessary, and take the place of the several independent departments and boards which are features of municipal government in the United States. The sessions of the municipal council are determined by that body, but can not be less than one each week. Every member is required to attend punctually or pay a fine. Neither the mayor, the deputies, aldermen, nor ward mayors can absent themselves from the municipal district unless they receive permission as follows: The mayor from the governor of the province, and if the latter does not appoint a tempo¬ rary mayor the senior deputy acts; deputy mayors and aldermen require the permission of the council; ward mayors of the mayor. The gov¬ ernor of the province can suspend the mayor or the deputies and aldermen, as well as the resolutions and decisions of the council, while ■ GOVERNMENT. 49 the Military Governor can remove all municipal officers and appoint others to their places, and modify or annul the proceedings of the council. The municipal board is composed of the municipal council and an equal number of associate members elected from among the taxpayers of the district, who hold office during the fiscal year. It is the duty of the board to revise the annual budget of municipal expenses prepared by the council and to establish the taxes according to law. By a ro} r al decree of November 25,1897, municipalities were granted the power to frame their own laws regarding health, public education, public highwa} T s by land, river or sea, and municipal finances, and freeiy to appoint and remove their own employees. Municipal councils were empowered to choose their own mayors from among the coun¬ cilors, and provision was made for a minority representation in the councils. Owing to the war this decree did not become operative. General Wood, the Military Governor of Cuba, under date of March 24, 1900, intrusted to the municipal authorities, without any interven¬ tion on the part of civil governors, the maintenance of public order, the execution of municipal ordinances, the administration of the munic¬ ipal police, the regulation of public amusements, and the granting of permits for public parades, assemblies, and meetings within their respective districts. By a civil decree of April 18, 1900, the power to elect mayors, councilors, treasurers, municipal judges, and correctional judges, to hold office for one year, was conferred on municipalities. This decree further provided for the registration of voters, the nomination of candidates, tickets, boards of election, voting, methods of challenge, and penalties for all kinds of election frauds. The qualifications of voters at municipal elections were established as follows: 1. The voter must be a native male Cuban, or the son of a native male Cuban, born while his parents were temporarily residing abroad, or a Spaniard included within the provisions of article 9 of the treaty of Paris, who has not made declara¬ tion of his decision to preserve his allegiance to the Crown of Spain, as provided in said article. 2. He must be of the age of 21 years or upward on the day preceding the day of election. 3. He must have resided in the municipality in which he intends to vote at least thirty days immediately preceding the first day of registration, and in addition to the above he must possess any one of the following qualifications: (a) Ability to read and write; (6) ownership of real or personal property to the value of $250, American gold; (c) service in the Cuban army prior to July 18, 1898, and the honorable discharge therefrom, whether a native Cuban or not. Disqualifications .—No person shall be qualified to vote who is insane or an idiot, or who is a resident in, or supported by, any public charitable institution, or who is deprived of or suspended from the exercise of his political rights by sentence of a court, except in cases where the conviction is for a crime of a political character, 24662-4 50 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. Under the laws of Spain, a province is composed of the municipal districts within its limits. Up to the 8th of October, 1607, Cuba formed a single province, but by royal decree of that date, it was divided into two provinces, the Oriental and Occidental, the capitals of which were the cities of Santiago de Cuba and Iiabana, respec¬ tively. The Governor-General resided in Habana and a provincial government was established in Santiago. Over the Occidental prov¬ ince he had immediate supervision, and over the Oriental through its governor. This continued to be the provincial division of the island until July 17, 18^7, when by royal decree it was divided into three departments, to wit: The Occidental, Central, and Oriental, with capitals in Habana, Trinidad, and Santiago, respectively. The departments were further divided into districts, the Occidental having 11, the Central 5, and the Oriental 1. To each department a lieutenant-governor was appointed—a general officer of the Spanish army—and to the districts military officers of subordinate rank. The officers were appointed by the Governor-General, to whom they were directly responsible for the administration of civil and military affairs within the territorial divisions to which they were assigned. In 1850, on the recommendation of the Captain-General, the Central department was discontinued, and the municipalities of Puerto Prin¬ cipe, Neuvitas, and Trinidad were all annexed to the Occidental depart¬ ment; the far eastern part of its territory was incorporated with the Oriental department, which now constitutes the province of Santiago. By a royal decree of June 9, 1878, Cuba was divided into the provinces of Pinar del Rio, Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Puerto Principe, and Santiago de Cuba, with capitals in the cities bearing the names of the provinces. The provincial government was vested in a civil governor, a provincial deputation, and a provincial committee. The governor was appointed and removed by the Governor-General and received a salary of from $1,000 to $8,000 in Spanish gold, accord¬ ing as the province was first, second, or third class. The provincial deputation was composed of deputies elected for four years by the qualified voters of the municipalities. The number of deputies depended on the number of electoral districts in tin* province as determined by the provincial deputation, and approved by the Gov¬ ernor-General. In the same way the judicial districts of the province were allowed to elect twelve deputies, more or less, depending on whether the number of deputies elected by the municipalities exceeded or was less than twenty. The deputies served without pay. The provincial committee and its vice-president were appointed by the Governor-General from among the members of the deputation and consisted of five deputies who received a salary of from $1,^00 to CITY OF PINAR DEL RIO. GOVERNMENT. 51 $2,000 a year in Spanish gold, according to the classification of the province. The deputation met in regular session in November and April and held such extra sessions as were necessary. The permanent committee represented the deputation when notin session, and acted as an advisory body to the governor in respect to matters which the laws did not impose on the deputation. The governor of the province, as the representative of the Governor- General, presided over the deputation and permanent committee and acted as the chief executive of the province in all matters. It was his duty to inspect the councils and the municipalities, informing the Governor-General of all cases of negligence or disaffection. He had supreme authority, subject, of course, to the Governor-General. He was responsible for public order, and the military authorities of the province were under his control. The provincial deputation had charge generally of the public roads, harbors, navigation and irrigation, and all kinds of public works of a provincial character, the charitable institutions and those of instruc¬ tion, fairs, expositions, etc., and the administration of the provincial funds. The secretary, auditor, and treasurer of the deputation were appointed by the governor of the province on the recommendation of the deputation. By a decree of 1892 Cuba was divided into three “Regions” under the name of Habana, Matanzas, and Santiago de Cuba. The first one comprised the provinces of Habana and Pinar del Rio, the second Matanzas and Santa Clara, and the third one Santiago de Cuba and Puerto Principe. The u Regions” were under regional governors, who resided in Habana, Matanzas, and Santiago cities, respectively, and were at the same time civil governors of the provinces. The provinces of Pinar del Rio, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe also had civil governors who were under the authority of the governors of the regions. The regional governors had a consulting cabinet called “ Conseijo Regional” composed of five members appointed by the Governor- General of the island, on the nomination of the regional governors. The civil governors of the provinces of Pinar del Rio, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe had the same authority they had prior to the establishment of the regions. It is said that the regions were formed for the purpose of decen¬ tralizing the administration of the island, which had always been car¬ ried on in Habana, but this result did not follow, and the change only served, apparently, to introduce further complications. INSULAR GOVERNMENT. Valasqucz and his successors to the time of De Soto, 1538, were lieutenant-governors, with limited power exercised under the super¬ vision of the governor and audiencia of Santo Domingo. De Soto was 52 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. the first Governor-General, and had nine successors with that title to 1581, when Gabriel de Lujan was appointed Captain-General. This title was continued to the end of the Spanish control, a period of four hundred and six years. While the Governor-General, as the representative of the Crown, was the civil, military, and political head of Cuba, and as a matter of fact exercised the highest prerogatives of government, his authority in reference to disbursements was limited by the direct appointment of the Crown of the officers intrusted with the collection of the reve¬ nues. He was also under the jurisdiction of the audiencia of Santo Domingo, which had authority, on complaint, to examine into his acts, to suspend him and other officials from office, and to make provisional appointments subject to the decision of the supreme court of Spain on appeal. In 1795 the audiencia of Santo Domingo was transferred to the province of Puerto Principe, when that island was ceded to France. Up to 1556 the Governors were frequently appointed from civil life, but the military needs of the island, occasioned by the attacks of buc¬ caneers and privateers, suggested a modification. This was made grad¬ ually, the office of Governor-General being held by both soldiers and civilians until the year 1716. From that date to 1898 the Governor- General was a general officer of high rank in the Spanish army, in whom were united all civil and military powers. No change of importance appears to have taken place in the insular government of Cuba until 1812, when Spain became a constitutional monarchy and so remained until 1811, when it was abrogated by Ferdi¬ nand. This brief period of constitutional government was not without liberalizing influences in Cuba, and a division was made between the civil and the military powers of the Governor-General. With the abrogation of the constitution of 1812 the Governors of Cuba resumed their former prerogatives and the system of centralization, character¬ istic of the government, was fully reestablished. By the revolution of 1820 the constitution of 1812 was again rcestab- v O lished in Spain, but was set aside in 1828. By a royal decree of May 28, 1825, “all the powers conceded to the governors of cities in a state of siege 7 ' were conferred on the Gov¬ ernor-General. This decree was never revoked, and conferred des¬ potic powers on the Governor-General. In 1836 the constitution of 1812 was restored, but its provisions were not extended to Cuba, which was to be governed under a special system of decrees, orders, etc. Associated with the Governor-General and forming part of the pub¬ lic administration of the island were certain special corporations and boards, as of public works, health, charity, and public instruction. By a royal decree of August 17, 1851, the active administrative functions of these boards, etc., were vested in the Governor-General, and they CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. GOVERNMENT. 53 were declared to be 44 consultative councils of the Governor.” In 1881 the constitution of 1876 was extended to Cuba, which regulated in some measure the powers conferred on the Governor-General by the decree of 1825. By the law of March 15, 1895, the government and civil administra¬ tion were reorganized and the Governor-General given a council of administration consisting of 30 councilors, 15 of whom were appointed by the Crown and 15 elected by voters having the right to vote for members of the provincial assemblies, who were elected at the same time. The term of office of councilor was four years, one-half of the councilors going out every two years, and the office was declared to be honorary and gratuitous. While the council of administration was given authority to take the initiative by resolution in respect to any matter pertaining to the proper management of the island, and the Governor-General was directed to carry out such resolutions, he had full authority to stay their execution and to take such measures as he thought advisable, sub¬ mitting the matter to the minister of the colonies. He had authority to suspend the council of administration after hearing the council of authorities, and any members without such hearing, provided there were councilors enough left to form a quorum. The council of authorities consisted of the Bishop of Habana or the Archbishop of Santiago, the commander of the naval station, the Military Governor, the presiding judge of the supreme court of Habana, the attorney-general, the head of the department of finance, and the director of local administration. This was a purely advisory council, submitting its views in the form of resolutions, which were not bind¬ ing on the Governor-General. The law of 1895 made more liberal provisions for the government of the provinces and municipalities and the election of mayors and aldermen. By a royal decree of November 25, 1897, Cuba was given an insular parliament consisting of two chambers, which, with the Governor- General, representing the mother country, constituted the government of the island. The parliament was to consist of two bodies of equal legislative powers, to be known as the chamber of representatives and a council of administration, the latter of 35 members, 18 elected and 17 appointed by the Crown on nomination by the Governor-General. The representatives were apportioned at the rate of one for every 25,000 inhabitants, and were chosen for five years. The Crown repre¬ sentatives were appointed for life. The insular parliament was to meet annually, and Avhile given ample authority to legislate for the island, the veto of the Governor-General enabled him to suspend the publication and execution of the laws, etc., until Madrid could be heard from. 54 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. The decree provided for a cabinet of five secretaries of department, to wit: grace, justice, and interior; finance; public education, and public works; posts and telegraphs; agriculture, industry and commerce. The cabinet was inaugurated January 1, 1898. A modification of the provincial and municipal government and a number of other measures were contained in the decree, to which the reader is referred for a more detailed account of its provisions. One of the most important of these conferred on the insular government the framing of the tariff, always a cause of grave economic disturbance while it had been under the home government. As the country was involved in war, the execution of this decree was not carried out except as to the organization of the parliament and cabinet, and possibly in some of its minor prescriptions. The chambers were inaugurated in May and dissolved by Captain-General Blanco in October. The cabinet was abolished shortly before Ameri¬ can occupation, and the autonomous government came to an end. On the withdrawal of Spain the government of the island devolved on the Army of the United States under the laws of war, and Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke was appointed Military Governor. He entered on his duties January 1, 1899, and in order to acquaint the people of the island with the intentions of the President as Commander in Chief of the Army, issued the following proclamation: To the People of Cuba: Coming among you as the representative of the President, in furtherance and in continuation of the humane purpose with which my country interfered to put an end to the distressing condition in this island, I deem it proper to say that the object of the present government is to give protection to the people, security to person and property, to restore confidence, to encourage the people to resume the pursuits of peace, to build up waste plantations, to resume commercial traffic, and to afford full protection in the exercise of all civil and religious rights. To this end the protection of the United States Government will be directed, and every possible provision made to carry out these objects through the channels of civil administration, although under military control, in the interest and for the benefit of all the people of Cuba, and those possessed of rights and property in the island. The civil and criminal code which prevailed prior to the relinquishment of Span¬ ish sovereignty will remain in force, with such modifications and changes as may from time to time be found necessary in the interest of good government. The people of Cuba, without regard to previous affiliations, are invited and urged to cooperate in these objects by the exercise of moderation, conciliation, and good will one toward another; and a hearty accord in our humanitarian purposes will insure kind and beneficent government. The militarv governor of the island will alwavs be pleased to confer with those who may desire to consult him on matters of public interest. On January 11 ho revised the cabinet, vesting the administration of tin' civil government in a department of state and government, depart¬ ment of finance, department of justice and public Instruction, and department of agriculture, commerce, industries, and public works. CITY OF SANTA CLARA. GOVERNMENT. 55 Many changes, having in view the better administration of the govern¬ ment, were made by General Brooke and his successor, General Wood, but the scope of this report will not permit a detailed account of them. The object has been gradually to confer on the Cubans full civil rights, together with all the powers of local self-government— municipal, provincial, and insular—and to do this as rapidly as local conditions and the serious international obligations to protect life and property in the island, assumed by the United States under the treaty of Paris, will permit. REPRESENTATION OF CUBA IN THE SPANISH CORTES. By a royal decree of 1810 Cuba was given representation in the Cortes. Two deputies were sent, one each from Habana and Santiago, who took part in framing the Spanish constitution of 1812. With the abrogation of this constitution in 1814 the representation ceased, but was reestablished in 1820. It ceased again in 1823 and there was no representation in the Cortes until 1834, when, under a royal statute of that year, representatives were again admitted. By a royal decree of 1837, however, a resolution of the Cortes of 1836 was published, which provided that ,the provinces in America and Asia be governed and administered under laws especially adapted to them and that they cease to be represented in the Cortes. The electoral laws of 1877-1879 again gave Cuba representation in the Cortes, in the proportion of 1 deputy for every 50,000 people. Under the electoral law of 1892 Cuba sent 13 senators and 30 repre¬ sentatives to the Spanish Cortes, but, as a majority of the deputies were Spaniards, the native Cubans felt that the} 7 were never fairly represented. CUBAN REPUBLICS. A republic has been twice proclaimed in Cuba by revolutionists, viz, during the ten years’ war and again in 1895, but these govern¬ ments proved to be provisional and expired with the revolutions which produced them. THE JUDICIARY. Intimately connected with the government of Cuba was the judi¬ ciary, and as no account of administration under Spain would be complete without some reference to the courts, a brief outline is pre¬ sented. At the date of American occupation the jurisdiction of the Spanish Government over court officials was exercised through the department of grace and justice, which, by the military decree of January 11, 1899, beoame the department of justice and public instruction, and by a decree of January 1, 1900, the department of justice. The duties KG REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. which devolve on the department of justice are those which usually pertain to such departments, but in Cuba it has also supervision over the registers of property and notaries public, to which reference will be made further on. The courts of Cuba were essentially insular, the judges being appointed either directly by the Government or indirectly through its officials, and were of four classes or kinds, viz, municipal judges, judges of first instance and instruction, criminal audiencias , and terri torial audiencias. The last named were reduced to three by a decree of June 15, 1899, giving all the audiencias the same civil and criminal jurisdiction. The municipal judges were distributed to the municipal districts, one or more in each, and were appointed by the presiding judges or presidents of the audiencias from among three persons nominated by the judges of first instance of the judicial districts; they held office for two years. At the same time a substitute was appointed, who performed the duties when from sickness or other cause the regular judge could not officiate. The municipal judges receive no salary or allowances and their serv¬ ices are requited by fees, paid according to regular schedule. The} T had and still have civil jurisdiction over all suits not involving more than $200, and of suits to effect settlements without trial; they take cognizance in first instance of cases involving the challenge of other municipal judges; they appoint the family council for the care of minors or incapacitated persons and commence the investigation of all cases of emergency requiring an immediate decision by a judge of first instance, when the latter is not available, to whom the record is sent for a continuance. In criminal cases they have jurisdiction over all misdemeanors where the penalty imposed does not exceed thirty days’ confinement or a fine of 325 pesetas. They make the prelimi¬ nary investigation into all kinds of crimes, if urgent, and the judge of instruction is not present. The municipal judges also keep the civil registers of births, deaths, and marriages. Each municipal court has a public prosecutor (fiscal), and a substitute prosecutor, who are appointed by the fiscals of the territorial audiencias ; a secretary appointed by the judge of first instance and instruction; and a bailiff or constable. All officials of the court were paid from court fees, according to schedule. o The judges of first instance and instruction are located at the seat of the judical districts to which they are appointed, and there are as many judges as districts (see “Government’’). They are appointed by the Governor-General and when unable to perform their duties are substi¬ tuted by one of the municipal judges in the district. They are paid according to their classification, those in Habana receiving $4,500 per annum, those in the cities of Puerto Principe and Santiago de Cuba $2,750, those of Matanzas, Cardenas, Pinar del Rio, Guanajay, Santa SANTIAGO DE CUBA. GOVERNMENT. 57 Clara, Cienfuegos, and Sagua la Grande, $2,250, and those of Bejucal, G-uanabacoa, Guines, Jaruco, Marianao, San Antonio de los Banos, Marin, Alfonso XII, Colon, Guane, San Cristobal, San Juan de los Remedios, Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad, Baracoa, Bayamo, Guantanamo, Holguin, and Manzanillo, $1,875 per annum. The judges of first instance have original civil jurisdiction in all cases where the amount involved exceeds $200, and appellate jurisdic¬ tion from the municipal courts; they decide questions of competency arising between municipal judges of the same judicial district, take cognizance, in first instance, when the competency of other judges of first instance is in question, and of appeals in similar cases of munici¬ pal judges; they hear cases in bankruptcy and for the discharge of such commissions or other duties as may be devolved on them by superior courts or of courts of the same category of other judicial districts. The other officials of a court of first instance are one secretary, four court or record clerks ( escribanos ), one physician, and two bailiffs or constables. The secretaries are appointed by the judges of first instance, while the clerks are appointed b} T the government on the recommendation in ternary of the oudiencias. The secretaries and clerks are paid from fees according to a schedule established by the government and collected from litigants. Prior to American occupation there were three criminal audiencias and three territorial audiencias. The criminal audiencias were located in Pinar del Rio, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe, and each was com¬ posed of a presiding judge and two associate justices. They were appointed by the Governor-General and paid as follows: Presiding judge $4,280 per annum; associates, $3,500. These courts had original and exclusive jurisdiction over all crimes committed in the island from chicken stealing to murder, until the establishment by General Wood of the special criminal court (Juzgado de Guardia) of Habana, by a decree of February 1, 1900, a brief account of which will be given later. The criminal audiencias had no civil jurisdiction. The other officials of the criminal audiencias were one public prose¬ cutor ( fiscal ) one deputy prosecutor, one secretary, one assistant secre¬ tary, and two clerks. Territorial audiencias were established in the provinces of Habana, Matanzas, and Santiago, and had criminal jurisdiction in the provinces where located, and civil jurisdiction in the territory assigned them; thus, the audiencia of Habana had criminal jurisdiction in that prov¬ ince and civil jurisdiction over Pinar del Rio and Habana; the terri¬ torial audiencia of Matanzas had criminal jurisdiction over that province and civil jurisdiction over Matanzas and Santa Clara; the territorial audiencia of Santiago had criminal jurisdiction over the province of Santiago and civil jurisdiction over Santiago and Puerto 58 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Principe. Thus the territorial andiencias had a criminal chamber and a civil chamber or sola. The judges were appointed by the Governor- General in council with the secretaries. The presiding* judges of the audiencia of Habana received a salary of $5,750; the nine associate judges $5,000; the other court officials were the same as for the crim¬ inal andiencias with the addition of an assistant deputy fiscal or public prosecutor. By a decree of June 15, 1899, civil and criminal jurisdiction was conferred on the six andiencias within the provinces where established. Certain administrative functions and duties were also imposed on them, and the fees which were formerly paid to the secretaries of andiencias in stamped paper of the state were also suppressed. Other court officials under the laws of Spain were the solicitors, who represented contending parties in civil and criminal causes. Formerly the office of solicitor was sold as a source of revenue to those who paid the highest price, the insular government agreeing not to increase the number of such officials. Their intervention in lawsuits and practically in all legal proceedings was made obligatory, and the monopoly of their duties Avas left to a certain number in each town in consideration of the price paid for the office. Other officials, although not judicial, were the notaries, who were authorized to certify to con¬ tracts and other extra-judicial instruments in accordance with the notarial law of 1862. Solicitors are now appointed by the secretary of justice and their employment is no longer compulsory. While attorneys are not, properly speaking, court officials, they had this character in Cuba because the laws made their intervention in a large majority of cases indispensable as counsel for the parties to civil and criminal suits. As a result, the qualification of the attorneys are regulated by the state, the diplomas being issued by the GoA^ernor- General after an examination by boards of the university in the fol- loAving subjects: Philosophy and law, metaphysics, general and Spanish literature, Spanish history, political economy, natural law, Roman law, canonical law, political laAv, penal law, civil laAv, adminis¬ trative law, public treasury, history of Spanish laAv, law of civil and criminal procedure, and international law, public and private. In all towns where there is a territorial audiencia there is a college of lawyers for the equitable distribution of offices, and to preserve order and discipline among the lawyers of the territory of the audi¬ encia. Other officials connected with the administration of real property are the registers of property, classified, according to the importance of the localitv in which they reside, as first, second, and third class. They are appointed by the Government and are required to give bond for the faithful performance of their duties; they charge the fees pre¬ scribed by la ay. It is the duty of registers to make a record of all CITY AND HARBOR OF CIENFUEGOS. GOVERNMENT. 59 acts and contracts, mortgages, etc., transferring, encumbering, or limit¬ ing the ownership or administration of real estate or property rights or contracts; constituting, altering, or dissolving commercial associ¬ ations, and transfers of vessels. They can not be removed or trans¬ ferred against their will except by judicial decision. They are entitled to a pension when, on account of their age or physical incapac¬ ity, they are prevented from performing the duties of their office, and this pension passes to the widow and children. Such, in brief, is an outline of the Spanish courts as they were con¬ stituted on the 1st of January, 1899; and while the composition of the courts and the codes of law were no doubt sufficient for the needs of the island, the judiciary, as the creation of the government and exist¬ ing* at its pleasure, had but little independence, and the administration of the courts was characterized by arbitrary arrests, the incornrnuni- cado , exorbitant fees to court officials in both civil and criminal trials, and not infrequently by corrupt and dishonest practices. As a rule, the judiciary was monopolized by Spaniards, and no Cuban could hope for appointment to the bench, and a speedy and impartial trial where Cubans were concerned was quite unusual. Many of the prisoners found in the jails of the island at the time of American occupation had been in confinement without trial for years, and of those who had been tried only a few were serving sentence, although in some instances years had elapsed since their appearance in court. If the impartial and speedy administration of justice is a reliable indication of good government, then it must be confessed that the government of Cuba lacked that attribute. As a result of the withdrawal of Spain from Cuba a supreme court was established by a decree of General Brooke, April 11, 1899, to hear cases and appeals which under Spanish rule would have been sent to Spain for decision. The court has its seat in Habana, and is composed of a president or chief justice, 6 associate justices, 1 faced or prosecuting attorney, 2 assistant fiscals , 1 secretary, 2 deputy clerks, and other subordinate officials. Another court, established by General Ludlow, military governor of Habana, January 6, 1899, was the police or correctional court of Habana. In his report to the Military Governor of the island, June 10, explaining his action, General Ludlow writes: Article 220 of the municipal police laws of Habana provides that the imposition of fines for violation of city ordinances is within the “exclusive jurisdiction” of the city government, the mayor, the assistant mayors, and the deputies and inspectors of the municipal service. During the period when the organization of the police and the regulation of the other city business were in progress, and numerous arrests were made for misde¬ meanors, usually of a minor character, drunkenness and the like, largely by Ameri¬ cans, soldiers and civilians, I designated an officer of my staff as a supervisor of GO REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. police, giving him certain discretionary authority with reference to the police force and its methods and the due carrying out of its executive and disciplinary purposes. Owing to the lack of proper accommodation for transient prisoners, and with the view to expedite the administration of justice, the supervisor of police held at the Yivac a trial court for sifting out the police cases and summarily disposing of such as did not require the action of the municipal judges for criminal offenses. For this purpose, after hearing the evidence in each case, fines were imposed or alternatively continuance of detention, at the rate of a day’s detention for an unpaid dollar fine, this procedure being in conformity with the methods of the American police courts, and practically also with the municipal laws of Habana, though by a less roundabout and dilatory process. The procedures have proved to answer their purpose admirably, and are recog¬ nized as both advantageous and effective; so much so that it has been urged to make the practice a general and permanent one in the disposition of police cases. Certain criticisms have come from two sources, viz: Those who for personal reasons objected to the enforcement of penalties for infractions of municipal laws, and from certain professional sources which found their fees diminished by the prompt and equitable disposition of police cases. These contentions, however, repre¬ sent personal and pecuniary interests only, and are opposed to the public interests, which call for prompt action in police cases. I therefore commend to the consideration of the division commander the drafting of a decree which shall provide formally for the establishment of police courts in Habana or elsewhere, in such numbers and with such stipulations as shall be con¬ sidered expedient for the summary and effective disposal of police arrests, substan¬ tially as now practiced in the United States. While the action taken b} T General Ludlow does not appear to have received the formal approval of General Brooke, the court was con¬ tinued as organized, and under the administration of Maj. W. L. Pitcher, Eighth Infantry, who succeeded Major Evans as supervisor of police, has proved of inestimable value in restraining and punishing the disordorly element in Habana. Recognizing its value, General Wood, on April 10, formall} r continued it in a decree of that date, and gave it jurisdiction over all offenses known as faltas (light crimes), and all minor breaches of the peace; the trial and punishment of authors and publishers of all immoral or obscene literature, or false, malicious, or scandalous statements, whether printed or oral, tending to injure reputation or the professional, official, or private standing in the community; the punishments to be imposed not to exceed $30 line or thirty days in jail, or both, and the court to have authority to issue warrants, search warrants, and subpoenas; the trials to be oral and summary. By a decree of April 14, the organization of the police court was modified so that all trials except for libel and scandal are conducted by a single presiding judge designated by the military governor, and all other trials, when from the nature of the offense a greater penalty than $10 tine and ten days’ imprisonment should be imposed, are con¬ ducted by the full court, consisting of the presiding judge and two associate judges selected by lot from the municipal judges of Habana. This system of police courts has been applied recently to the whole CITY OF NUEVITAS. POPULATION. 01 island, and is said to. be a great improvement over the magistrate’s courts, which have been suppressed in all but the chief towns of muni¬ cipal districts. The municipal and police judges are now elected. In addition to the establishment of these courts, other changes have been made and more are contemplated, having in view an administra¬ tion of the courts more in accordance with American ideas of justice than those prevailing in Cuba heretofore. The main difficulty in the way is the Spanish law of procedure and the entire absence of remedial writs, which, like the writs of habeas corvus , certiorari , etc., are relied on in this country as a protection to personal liberty and against various kinds of injustice. These beneficent changes will no doubt follow if they do not precede the establishment of free government, toward which steady progress is being made. Population. FORM OF SCHEDULE AND METHOD OF TABULATION. If the population schedule adopted for the Cuban census be com¬ pared with the schedule of the Eleventh Census of the United States, it will be found that, while in general design they are the same, they differ in respect to the number of inquiries, and that the latter is the more comprehensive of the two. This is quite natural, and results from the complex and diverse condition of the population of the United States, in which a more extensive investigation is necessary to deter¬ mine the state of the population than in Cuba, where the industries of the people are quite limited and a very large majority of the popu¬ lation is native. 62 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. o °0 A> >2 O CO — X oc cr> o r—< r—< »—< rinH r-i *—i »—i r-< CO Sanitary conditions. Latrine system. X * Disposition of garbage. h Source of water used. w O ■w jaqfhjj , ^ -31U.SY u*o pH ~ E -pi?0J UBO •p ' JuaX {ooqas jsiq oqi Suunp jooqas jv aauBpuajji? jo sqjuon r* Occupation, trade, or profession of every person 10 years of age and over. X s N ■*-> w Cuban, Spaniard, or in suspense. Nativity. Native country of this person. AS V* 7 a> . ~ ■*—' c DO f-i o •uotjipuoo pquvj^ X •AvpqjJtq js”R[ jt? aSy b •xas •A MOIO0 1 •*— * .1— 1 «* Relation¬ ship of each person to the head of the family. \ Name of every person residing with this family or in this house. w Situation. •pajisi.v qaiqM ut japjo aqj ui Xjiuibj ;o jaqiunx •paqsiA uatijAV ui japjo aqj ui auipjmq jo asnoq jo iaquinx - Z ’dsnoq jo jaqranx = qaajJS cc -r »c OhX c^o oico -r»o I- X Oi o CITY OF TRINIDAD. POPULATION. 63 To present the information contained in the schedules in a satisfactory way, it was decided that complicated tables would be necessary; that to save time, which was important, the tabulation should be done by machine, and not by the old hand-tally system. As the electric tabulating machines, invented by Mr. Herman Hol¬ lerith, had been successfully used in tabulating the Eleventh Census of the United States, and were to be used again in the Twelfth, and as his system was known to be accurate and expeditious, it was adopted. The operation is described by Mr. Hollerith as follows: 44 The population of each enumeration district was first established by a so-called 4 rough count;’ that is, the number of persons recorded on each schedule were counted by two clerks independent of each other, and where such counts disagreed, a third, or even a fourth, count was made to determine the correct population of each enumeration district. 4k The detailed tables were then prepared by means of the electric tab¬ ulating system. For this purpose all the necessary data relating to each person were expressed by means of holes punched in certain places in a card hy means of the key-board punch. Pattern of the card. 4 “If the record related to a white person, B-—standing for bianco (white)—was punched, while N was punched for a negro, or M for mixed, Ch for Chinese, etc. For males, V was punched, and II for females. The age was recorded by punching 0 for less than 1 year, 1, 2, 3, or 4 for the respective years, 5 for the group 5-9, etc. Conjugal 64 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. condition was recorded in the next field or division of the card. Birth¬ place was recorded by punching in another division of the card, Cu for Cuba, P. R. for Porto Rico, Esp. for Spain, It. for Italy, OC for other countries, etc. Citizenship was similarly recorded. For each occupation, two holes were punched according to the number assigned to the given occupation in the corresponding classification of occupa¬ tion, NG being punched for those without gainful occupation. Liter¬ acy, school attendance, education, and the sanitary condition of the dwellings, size of families, etc., were similarly recorded by punching in the respective divisions of the card. “At the extreme left a space of four rows of twelve holes was used to record the province, municipal and enumeration district to which the card related. This combination of holes would, of course, be the same for all the cards of a given district, and was done by means of the “gang punch.” “In addition, each card was provided with a double number, one number indicating the sheet of the particular enumeration district on which the record of the corresponding person could be found, and the other indicating the particular line or person to which the card related. By means of the gang-punched holes and these numbers any one of the million and a half cards corresponding to the population of Cuba could be identified and the correctness of the punching verified. “The punched cards were then passed through the electric tabulating machines. In this machine a series of electro-magnetically operated counters are arranged, according to the tables it is desired to com¬ pile, in electric connection with a circuit-closing device, the circuits through which are controlled by the holes in the punched record card, which is placed on the bedplate of such circuit-closing device. “The cards relating to a given enumeration district were fed one by one into the tabulating machine, which recorded the number of native white males, foreign white males, colored males, native white females, the number born in Cuba, in Spain, how many less than 5 years of age, 5 to 9 years of age, etc. The sum of the details of each group of facts should equal the total number of cards tabulated, and, of course, should be equal to the population of the enumeration district as established by the rough count, thus providing a third check on the accuracy of the count. “At the same time that a card operates the counters it opens one compartment of the sorting box, into which it is placed when removed from the circuit-closing device. The object of such sorting is to arrange the cards to facilitate subsequent tabulation by means of which the more detailed tables were obtained. “ By thus tabulating first one group of data and then another with intermediate sorting or arranging of the cards the various tables were obtained.” CITY OF SANCTI SPIRITUS. ABORIGINAL POPULA1ION. 65 The tabulation of the population was commenced February 2 and completed July 5, an unparalleled record of speedy work. Its celerity is fully equaled by its accuracy, as the application of numerous tests has shown. ABORIGINAL POPULATION. The population of Cuba at the date of its discovery has been vari¬ ously estimated at between 200,000 and 1,000,000 Indians. The latter is the estimate of Bishop Las Casas, who visited their villages and was always their friend and protector. The natives were found living contentedly under nine independent chiefs, whose government was of the simplest character, their orders being received as law. The natives are described by Columbus, Las Casas, and Peter Martyr as of a gentle and friendly disposition, having a simple religious belief, and, unlike the natives of some other West India Islands, not addicted to cannibalism. In physique they were rather slight, with pleasant faces; they had excellent nets, fishhooks, and fishing tackle, and lived mainly on fish, Indian corn, and fruit. Their huts were well built, and were made of the bark and leaves of the palm, as those of poor Cubans now are; they were not arranged in village streets, but scattered about irregularly, very much as shown in the picture of the village of Dimas, Province of Pinar del Pio, opposite page 68. They cultivated cotton, Indian corn, the potato, tobacco, the pine¬ apple, and manioc, all of which were indigenous, and had a rude pottery and some stone weapons, but no domesticated animals except the dog. Other domestic animals, as also the orange, the lemon, and the sugar cane, were introduced afterwards by the Spaniards. The disappearance of the Indians, whatever their number, has been attributed to the combats and massacres which occurred during the exploration and pacification of the island by Velasquez, and thereafter to unaccustomed occupations, privations, disease, executions resulting from religious fanaticism, and slavery, both foreign and domestic. In the colonies the latter took the form of repartimientos and encomienda .v, 1 which, commencing with grants of land and the temporary possession of the Indians for work on the plantations and in the mines, ended finally in the slavery of the entire native population. For a full description of Indian slavery under this system, and its effect on the population, the reader is referred to the history of ’A repartimento was a grant of land, which carried with it the right to the labor of the Indians occupying it or living within a short distance of it, at first for cultivating the soil. This privilege was subsequently extended so that the Indians could be used in any kind of labor. An encomienda was practically a grant of Indians, irrespective of the land. At first the grant expired with the grantee. It was subsequently extended through two or three lives, and in effect, became perpetual. As a result the Indians were slaves* 24662-5 66 TCEPOKT ON THE CENSUS OF CUE A, 1899. “Spanish Conquest in America,” by Sir Arthur Helps, the “History of the Indies,” by Las Casas, and to the “Discovery of America,” by Prof. John Fiske. These authorities agree in ascribing the disappear¬ ance of the Indians largely to the profligate waste of native life by the colonists through all forms of wanton cruelty, oppression, and neglect, and the introduction of negro slavery as the direct consequence of it. It is due the Spanish Government to record the fact that while at first authorizing repartvmientos , encomiendas , and the enslavement of all Indians who were cannibals or taken in war, it later spared no efforts to mitigate the horrors of Indian slavery, and finally to pre¬ vent and abolish it. These measures were initiated and earnestly sup¬ ported by the Dominican and Franciscan monks and by the church in general. Through the efforts of Bishop Las Casas and other prelates the laws of Burgos in 1512, and many orders and decrees were pro¬ mulgated between the landing of Velasquez and the “New Laws” of Charles V, 1542, for the protection of the Indians. The latter pre¬ scribed “that for no cause whatever, whether of war, rebellion, ran¬ som, or in any other manner, should any Indian be made a slave.” But however well intended, these measures proved of little avail in saving the Indians of Cuba, as at that time very few remained. It was reported to the Queen in 1587 by the contador of the island that in 20 farms visited by him only 130 Indians were found, including those which had been imported. In the neighboring island of San Domingo at the date of its discovery there were, according to Las Casas, about 3,000,000 Indians; according to the licentiate, Zuazo, 1,130,000. An average of these two estimates is probably more exact. W1 len the treasurer, Pasamonte, came to San Domingo in 1508 there were 70,000, and when Don Diego Columbus was appointed governor of San Domingo in 1509, 40,000. According to Sir Arthur Helps the number of Indians in San Domingo in 1514, as determined by a repar¬ tition of the Indians made by Rodrigo Albuquerque, who was sent there by the King for that purpose, was between thirteen and four¬ teen thousand. By this repartition the Indians were practically enslaved for life, as they were given for the life of the person to whom Albuquerque made the repartimiento , and for the life of his next heir, whether son or daughter. After this there were numbers of repartitions or divisions of Indians among the Spaniards, resulting in their rapid diminution, owing to changes of climate, changes of occupation, and of masters, and the indifference of the latter to the welfare of the Indians. The difficulty about the enforcement of the laws and royal instruc¬ tions and orders for the freedom and protection of the Indians appears to have been their vague or ambiguous meaning, which enabled unprincipled and rapacious officials to construe them as they wished, and the fact that the Crown and nearly all the officials of the govern- CITY OF BARACOA AND HARBOR ENTRANCE. COLORED POPULATION. 67 mcnt, colonial and peninsular, held repartimientos or encomiendas of Indians or held them for personal services. The new laws had in view the prevention of Indian slavery, but they were partially revoked in 1545, and encomiendas were continued in the islands until the Indians had disappeared, and on the Spanish main until the reign of Charles III, when the system was abolished, 1759-1788. Under the ro}^al decree of 1854 promulgating regulations for the importation of “colonists” into Cuba, a number of native Yucatan Indians were brought to Cuba, and some of them no doubt married Cuban women. At all events, one Indian woman is reported by the enumerator of the Zapata Swamp as living with a colored Cuban. There are doubtless remnants of these Indians still in Cuba, but of the native Cuban Indians no traces have been found in the course of this census, and it is not probable that any exist. BLACK POPULATION. The importation of negro slaves into the West Indies commenced some years before the extinction of the Indians and was stimulated by it. In a letter of instructions from the King to Ovando, Governor of Santo Domingo, in 1501, Jews, Moors, and new converts were prohibited from going to the Indies; but an exception was made in the case of negro slaves, who were allowed to pass, the officers of the royal reve¬ nue to receive the money paid for their permits. Again, in 1505, in a letter to Ovando, King Ferdinand Avrote: “I will send more negro slaves, as } t ou request. I think there may be 100 at each time.” The Spaniards were familiar with negro slavery, the slave trade having been carried on by Portugal since 1442. They had discovered the capacity of the negro for work, his patience and endurance, and his superiority to the West Indian as a laborer in the mines and fields. The first license to import negroes into the West Indies was given by Charles V in 1517 to Governor de Bresa, grand master of the King’s household, for the importation of 8,000 slaves in eight years, 1,000 to go to Cuba. A second monopoly on the same terms and for the same number was given him in 1523, but this grant was revoked and a license given to import 750 men and 750 women, 300 to go to Cuba. In 1527 1,000 negroes were imported into Cuba, and again in 1528 a license was given to import 4,000 negroes into the Indies. In 1536 a monopoly was granted to import into the Indies 4,000 males and 1,000 females, and again in 1542 one for 23,000, a portion of each to go to Cuba, Jamaica, and Santo Domingo. The annual importation into Santo Domingo under license was about 2,000, and the same number were smuggled. It was estimated by one of the King’s chaplains,who traversed the island of Santo Domingo in 1542, that there were 30,000 negro slaves in the island. As up to the year 1763 the REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 181)9. 68 people were engaged almost exclusively in cattle raising, very few slaves were imported prior to that date, at which time it is said there were not more than 32,000 slaves in the island. The number of slaves imported between 1521 and 1763 is estimated by Humboldt at 60,000, and by 1790 at 90,875. From 1790 to 1820 the importation of slaves into Habana, as shown by the returns of the custom-house, was 225,575, to which should be added one-fourth for those smuggled, making the total importation from 1521 to 1820, 372,449. Between this date and 1853 it is estimated that there were 271,659 importations, lawful and contraband, a total of 644,108, about one-third being females. From 1853 to 1880, when the slave trade was finally suppressed, over 200,000 slaves were smuggled into the island, making a grand total of between 950,000 and 1,000,000. It is not proposed to give a detailed account of the Cuban slave trade or of negro slavery in the island. While it was fraught with all the horrors of this nefarious business elsewhere, the laws for the protec¬ tion of slaves were unusually humane. Almost from the beginning slaves had a right to purchase their freedom or change their masters, and long before slavery was abolished the} 7 could own property and contract marriage. As a result the proportion of free colored to slaves has always been large. Of the efforts to abolish the slave trade in Cuba much might be written; it is sufficient for this report to state the principal facts. By the treaty of Vienna, 1815, to which Spain was a party, slavery was abolished. By a treaty with England signed September 24, 1817, Spain agreed to stop the slave trade May 30, 1820, in consideration of the sum of £400,000. Again, on June 28, 1835, another, treaty was made with England abolishing the slave trade. In addition to these treaties the Spanish Government promulgated several decrees and laws after 1835 for the suppression of the slave trade and the abolition of slavery. Despite these measures, however, and the active cooperation of the native Cubans, who were zealously opposed to the slave trade, and the repeated protests of the British Government, it continued to 1880 with but little interruption. The correspondence between Eng¬ land and Spain fully explains the failure of Spain to enforce her laws and treaty engagements. Under what is now known as the Moret law, enacted by the Spanish Cortes July 4, 1870, the gradual abolition of slavery was commenced. The civil war in the United States and the Cuban insurrection of 1868-78 hastened it, as did the law of February 13, 1880, which abol¬ ished slavery. Nevertheless, it continued in remote parts of the island for several years thereafter, although generallv abolished by the year 1887. Further on in this report the number and literacy, age, sex, and w-n DIMAS, A VILLAGE IN PINAR DEL RIO. CHINESE. 69 occupation of the colored population and the provinces in which they are most numerous are stated. Their condition for many years has been far better than the colored population of our Southern States or of an} 7 of the West India Islands under foreign control, and their per¬ sonal privileges much greater. No hard and fast u color line” has separated the colored and white Cuban population, although outside of the Cuban army there has not been much of what may be called social intercourse; but in respect to all public benefits, whether eccle¬ siastical, civil, or military, they have had about the same consideration from the Spanish Government as the white Cubans. No doubt the free association of colored and white Cubans resulted largely from the common struggle in which they were engaged against Spain, and the fact that the laws made no discrimination between them. Colored men made up a large proportion of the Cuban army of 1895-98, some of them, like Antonio Maceo, holding high rank. While the statistics of Cuba show a larger proportion of colored than white criminals, the colored population are in some respects superior to the colored population of our Southern States, being more self-reliant, temperate, frugal, and intelligent, and since the abolition of slavery showing a strong desire to own their homes, to educate their children, and to improve their condition. In certain kinds of agricul¬ ture they are preferred to any other race, and in every discussion of the labor question in Cuba they must be seriously considered. CHINESE. While the number of Chinese in the island is now insignificant and they have ceased to attract much attention as a separate race, a short account of their appearance, increase, and disappearance may be not without interest. When the law of 1845 suppressing the slave trade was promulgated, the u Junta de Fomento” or official board of agriculture in Habana, decided to send an agent to China to contract for Chinese u colonists” (coolies). The first shipload of male Chinese arrived in 1847, under contract. This contract bound the Chinese to service for a term of eight years. In consideration they were to receive from 20 to 30 cents j>er diem , II pounds of salted or jerked beef, and II pounds of potatoes or other farinaceous food, and two cotton suits annually. Each was to be furnished with a blanket and medical attendance. For several years the trade in Chinese languished; 28 per cent of the first cargo died from the effects of the voyage, change of climate, food, and excessive labor, and some committed suicide in the belief that after death they would be miraculously returned to their homes in China. The experiment of Chinese immigration had apparently failed, but in 1853 it was revived by the importation of 5,150 Chinese, of whom 843, or 19 per cent, died en route. 70 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. On March 22, 1854, a royal decree was issued promulgating regula¬ tions for the importation and management of u colonists" from Spain, China, and Yucatan. But as pointed out by Lord Howden, English minister to Spain, in a letter of October 6, 1854, to Senor Pecheco, Spanish minister of foreign affairs, contracts under this decree meant slavery for the Chinese as the period of service was not mentioned. On June 6, 1860, another royal decree regulating the importation of Chinese was promulgated, and while it was evidently designed to pro¬ tect the Chinese against personal abuse, privation, or cruelty, Para¬ graph VII made them apprentices, or what was the same thing, slaves, as long as they remained in the island unless they were able to ransom themselves, and this, under the conditions imposed, was practically impossible. On October 10, 1864, a treaty between China and Spain regulating emigration between the two countries, as well as the reciprocal employ¬ ment of the subjects of one state b} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 those of another was signed at Tientsin. Articles IV and X of this treaty permitted Chinese with their families to embark from any open port of China, whereas, prior to this time embarkation was restricted to the port of Macao. All Chinese were landed in Habana. The contracts to be made under this treaty were to include the following items: 1. The age, sex, and place of birth of the colonist. 2. The time for which the contract is to be in force. 3. The wages, kind, quantity and quality of food and clothing he is to receive. 4. The obligation to afford him medical attendance during illness. 5. Whether the wages were to he stopped during the illness of the colonist from any cause not connected with his work, or independent of the will of the master. 6. The hours of work and whether the master can increase them if a proportionate reduction were to be made on other days. 7. The obligation of the colonist to indemnify the master for hours of labor lost to him by the fault of the colonist. 8. The obligation of the same colonist to subject himself to the discipline of the estate, workshop, or establishment in which he might labor. 9. A clause in these terms, “ I, A. B., assent to the rate of wages above stipulated, although I know that the free laborers and slaves of the island get much greater, because I consider this difference to be compensated by the other advantages which my master has to afford me as stated in this contract.” 10. The signature of the colonist, if he can write, and that of the contractor. ' The treaty contained many other provisions, and among them the right of the colonist to purchase his discharge, or, in short, to ransom himself. Of course it was not contemplated that under this treaty Chinese contractors would import Cubans into China, and therefore the terms of the contract were all in favor of the master as against the apprentice. For example, the terms specifying the hours of labor, etc., placed the latter absolutely in the power of the contractor, who, as he kept the records, could easily bring the Chinaman so irretrievably NATIVE WHITE FAMILY. NATIVE COLORED FAMILY. CHINESE. 71 into bis debt for time lost that his freedom by purchase, or even after the expiration of the original term, was improbable if not impossible. As many of the Chinese had become fugitives, instructions for a general enrollment of Chinese were issued December 31, 1868, and again December 13, 1871. By a royal decree of 1870 Chinese who had been discharged after fulfilling the terms of their contract were permitted to remain in the island, whereas prior to this they were obliged to leave or be reindentured. Between 1853 and 1873 there were shipped from China to Cuba 132,435 Chinese, of whom 3,973—13 per cent—died en route or shortly after their arrival. These losses, the large number of fugitives, the willingness of free negroes to work, the immigration of other coolies, the continuation of the slave trade, which appeared to thrive notwith¬ standing the attempts to stop it, seem to have put a stop to the impor¬ tation of Chinese, which ceased in 1873. By a convention between China and Spain, signed at Pekin Novem¬ ber 17, 1877, the emigration of Chinese subjects under contract as authorized in Article X of the treaty of 1864 was discontinued, and the emigration of Chinese into Cuba or elsewhere was declared free, Chinese subjects in Cuba to be treated as the subjects of the most favored nation, thus permitting them to leave the island unless under judicial supervision. It was also agreed on the part of Spain to expa¬ triate at its own expense all Chinese who formerly had literary occu¬ pation or an official position in China, and their families, also old men unable to work, and Chinese orphan girls. Owing to the large percentage of criminals among the Chinese, a decree was issued October 15, 1878, by the captain-general requiring all Chinese whose contracts had been terminated to either recontract or leave the island within two months. By the census of 1861 the number of Chinese is stated to be 34,834, of whom 57 were women. On December 31,1877 there were 43,811. Whether this is the maximum number of Chinese in the island at any one period can not be determined. Their gradual disappearance has been attributed to many causes, among them the suppression of negro slavery, the large number of free black and colored Cubans willing to work, and their superiority as laborers over the Chinese, the low wages paid them, the excessive labor imposed on them, and the frequent insurrections which disturbed the island. Be this as it may, Chinese immigration had practically ceased in 1873, and the few who now remain in the island are mainly old men, employed as truck gardeners, laundrymen, or day laborers. The small number of women as compared with the number of men resulted probably from restrictions, which in the beginning not only prevented women from leaving China, but from landing in Cuba. 72 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CURA, 1899. Discussion of the Population. THE TOTAL POPULATION. The total population of Cuba, including the Isle of Pines and the neighboring keys, was, on October 16, 1899, 1,572,797. 1 The latest prior census was taken under Spanish authority in 1887. The total population as returned by that census was 1,631,687. Whether that census was correct may be a matter of discussion, but if incorrect, the number of inhabitants was certainly not overstated. Comparing the total population of these two censuses, it is seen that the loss in the twelve years intervening amounted to 58,895, or 3.6 per cent of the population in 1887. This loss is attributable to the recent civil war and the reconcentration policy accompanying it, but the fig¬ ures express only a part of the loss from this cause. Judging from the earlier history of the island and the excess of births over deaths, as shown by the registration records, however imperfect they may be, the population probably increased from 1887 up to the beginning of the war, and at the latter epoch reached a total of little less than 1,800,000. It is probable, therefore, that the direct and indirect losses bv the war and the reconcentration policy, including a decrease of births and of immigration and an increase of deaths and of emigra¬ tion, reached a total not far from 200,000. The earliest census of Cuba of which there is record was taken in 1774. Others were taken in 1792, 1817, 1827, 1841, 1861, 1877, and 1887. The following table shows the population at each of these suc¬ cessive censuses, with the absolute increase in intervening periods and the average rate of increase per decade: Year. Po pula- tion. Increase. Rate of increase per decade. Year. Popula¬ tion. Increase. Rate of increase per decade. 1775 . 171,620 272,300 672,363 704,486 1841. 1,007,624 303,138 388,906 112,761 29 1792 . 100,680 300,063 132,123 31 1861. 1 , 396i 530 1,509,291 1,631,687 18 1817. 34 | 1877. 6 1827 . 23 1 1887. 122,396 8 It will be seen that the increase between 1774 and 1792 was at the average rate of 31 per cent per decade; from 1792 to 1817, twenty-five years, the rate of increase was 34 per cent per decade; in the ten years 1 All statements of population presented in this volume refer to the organization of the island as it existed at the date of the census, October 16, 1899. Many changes have been made since that date in the number and limits of municipal districts, but it would be obviously impossible to modify the census figures to accord with these changes. Such modifications might be made in the total population, but it would be impossible to carry them through the classifications of the population by sex, age, race, conjugal condition, nativity, etc., since the changes have been made, as a rule, by using the ward as a unit, while the classifications of the population have not been made in terms of this small unit. CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 A Hoen & Co Bal*o*Li*h DENSITY OF POPULATION. 73 between 1817 and 1827 it was 23 per eent, and in the fourteen years between 1827 and 18-11 it was 29 per cent. Then from 1841 to 1861 the rate of increase stood at 18 per cent per decade, and between 1861 and 1887 it dropped to 5 and 8 per cent. The small rate of increase in the period last mentioned was doubtless due in great part to the ten years’ war which occurred within this period. The rate of increase between 1774 and 1841 compares quite favor¬ ably with the rates of increase in the United States, which prior to 1870 ranged from 32 to 35 per cent per decade. Such rates of increase are very large and are commonly found only in regions which are sparsely populated, where the population is under little or no pressure for obtaining means of livelihood. The rapid and great diminution in the rate of increase after 1861 is, however, by no means accounted for by the increase in density of population, and the reasons therefor must be sought for among the extraordinary causes, such as pestilence, war, etc. The distribution of these losses in population between 1887 and 1899 is also brought out by the following statements: In the province of Habana there was a loss in 28 districts and a gain in but 8; in Matan- zas a loss in 20 and a gain in 3; in Pinar del Rio 17 districts lost popu¬ lation and but 3 gained; in Santa Clara the numbers which lost and gained were equal, while in Puerto Principe and Santiago there was a gain in every district. Summing up the districts of the island, 79 lost population, while only 47 gained, the remaining 6 districts being new ones, formed since 1887, and here included in those from which thev were formed. These facts are set forth in detail in Table III. The map opposite page 72 shows the increase and decrease of the population of Cuba by municipal districts, the areas colored red being those in which the population has suffered a loss since the Spanish census of 1887, and those colored blue where it has made a gain. It is seen that the losses are confined to the four western provinces, the districts of the two eastern provinces having without exception gained in population. The districts in the four western provinces which have gained are of two classes: First, those in which the recon- centrados were collected; and, second, those remote districts from which there was little or no reconcentration, and into which presum¬ ably the people fled for refuge. This is the case with the districts in the western part of Pinar del Rio and along the south shore, including the great Zapata Swamp. The north shore of Santa Clara, too, is in the main a region in which the population has increased. DENSITY OF POPULATION. The area of Cuba is and can be known only approximately because its limits have never been mapped with any approach to accuracy. Measurements based upon different maps show wide variations in the 74 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. area of the island and its provinces. To illustrate the differences in published areas of the island the following are given: Square miles. Johnson’s Encyclopedia... 43, 220 Lippincott’s Gazetteer.43,319 Chambers’s Encyclopedia. 40,000 Appleton’s Encyclopedia. 43,319 Reel us. 45,883 Cuba, Past and Present. 35, 000 Cuba, by Win, J. Clark. 43, 500 to 47, 000 Stanford’s Compendium of Geography and Travel. 43,000 Our Island Empire, Morris. . 48,447 The Island of Cuba, Rowan & Ramsay. 45, 000 Industrial Cuba, Porter. 47, 338 Measurements made in this office from different maps show similar ditfefences. Measurements made from Chart E, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, give for Cuba and the Isle of Pines 46,575 square miles; the chart published by the Hydrographic Office in 1896 gives 45,883 square miles; the map of the Information Division of the War Department, scale, 1:500,000, gives 44,000 square miles. Assum¬ ing this to be as good a map as we have, where all are poor, the areas of the provinces, of the municipal districts, and of many of the barrios or wards have been measured upon it, the lines of the districts and wards having been laid down by the supervisors of census. The areas of the provinces are as follows, with the total population and the number of inhabitants per square mile: Province. Area. Inhabitants per square mile. Habana. Sq. miles. 2,772 153 Matanzas. 3^ 700 55 Pinar del Rio. 5,000 10, 500 35 Puerto Principe. 8 Santa Clara. 9,500 37 Santiago. 12;408 26 Habana, with the densest population, is as thickly inhabited as the State of Connecticut, and Puerto Principe, the most sparsely popu¬ lated, is in this respect comparable with the State of Texas. The great difference in density of population in the different prov¬ inces is in part due to the presence of large cities, especially in the case of Habana. Still, after excluding the cities of 8,000 inhabitants or more, notable differences are seen to exist, as shown below: Rural inhabitants to a square mile. Habana.55. 3 Matanzas. 39. 0 Pinar del Rio. 32. 8 Puerto Principe. 6. 0 Santa Clara. 28. 5 Santiago.21.7 P Puerto Principe, with but 6 rural inhabitants astoral province. to a square mile, is a CENSUS OF CUBA. 1899 A. Hoen & Co Balto' Lith DENSITY OF POPULATION. 75 The map on page 74 shows the density of the rural population, grouped in certain grades, which are expressed by color distinctions. The method of preparation of this map was as follows: The area of the municipal districts, and of the wards in cases where the districts are large, were measured by planimeter on the map of the War Depart¬ ment, as was stated above. The population of all cities of 8,000 inhabitants and more was sub¬ tracted from that of the districts or wards, the remainder being regarded for this purpose as rural population. This rural population was then divided by the area and the results platted on the map. In sketching the lines separating bodies of population of different density regard was had to geographic considerations affecting the distribution of population within the districts, such as the existence of swamps, mountain ranges, etc. Hence the lines separating bodies of popula¬ tion of different degrees of density are not exactly those which would be indicated by the figures. The salient features of the map are as follows: The presence of several small bodies of very dense population, 90 or more to a square mile in Habana and Matanzas provinces, and one small area of similar density in the western part of Pinar del Rio; a dense population generall} 7 throughout Habana and Matanzas provinces, becoming less dense to the east in Santa Clara, and to the west in Pinar del Rio. Toward the western part of Pinar del Rio the density increases and then diminishes again near the west end of the island. The eastern part of Santa Clara is not heavily populated, while in Puerto Principe the population is sparse. The density increases again in Santiago but not uniformly. Indeed, the population in Santiago province is distributed with the greatest irregularity. The keys bor¬ dering the north coast and the marshes on the south coast, the Sierra Maestra, and most of the Isle of Pines are very sparsely populated. The density of population of municipal districts with their areas is presented in Table V. The following table presents (1) the distribution of the rural popula¬ tion, in areas of differing density, corresponding with those repre¬ sented on the map; (2) the percentage of the rural population in each of these areas; (3) the number of square miles of each such area; and (4) the percentage which each area bears to the area of Cuba: Persons to a square mile. Rural popu¬ lation (in thou¬ sands) . Percentage of total rural pop¬ ulation. Area (square miles). Percentage of total area. I 2. 4,259 6,230 9 9 | 2-6. 85 0.8 14.6 6-18. 2,123 20 14,016 32.7 18-45. 3,051 28.8 13,140 30.7 45-90. 3,340 31.5 4,184 9.8 90+. 2,010 18.9 1,031 2.4 76 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. URBAN POPULATION. In connection with the population of cities, it must be understood that the cities of Cuba have no corporate limits separating sharply the urban element from the surrounding rural population. The cities, like the rural districts, are divided into wards, and many of these wards extend from the borders of the cities out into country districts, much as do New England towns, and thus include both urban and rural population. On this account it is impossible to state the population of cities with exactness, although it is believed that the best separation possible has been made. The population of cities by the census of 1899 can not be compared with that given by the census of 1887, because the figures of the latter embrace the entire municipal district, including the city, which in most cases adds to it a large population. Table XV shows the population of all cities of 1,000 inhabitants or more which can be given separately. The number altogether is 96, of which 16 have a population in excess of 8,000, 5 in excess of 25,000, and 1 (IXabana) a population of 235,981. The urban population of Cuba, including all cities down to 1,000 inhabitants, numbers 741,273, or 47.1 per cent of the entire popula¬ tion. Including in the urban population only the inhabitants of cities of 8,000 or more, as is done in the United States census, the number of the urban element is 507,831, and the proportion to the total popula¬ tion is 32.3 per cent. The corresponding figures in the United States in 1890 were 29.2 per cent. The number of urban inhabitants in each province, under each of the two- definitions of urban population used, with the percentages of the total population, are given in the following table: Province. Urban population in cities of 1,000 or more. Percent¬ age. Urban population in cities of 8,000 or more. Percent¬ age. Habana . 328,947 77.4 277,636 65.4 Matanzas. 103,578 51.2 58,314 28.8 Pinar del Rio. 22,337 12.9 8,880 5.1 Puerto Principe. 35,543 40.1 25,102 28.4 Santa Clara. 141,131 39.5 80,345 22.5 Santiago. 108,747 33.2 57,554 17.5 A striking feature in the distribution of Cuban cities is the fact that the great majority of them are situated on the seacoast, comparatively few and small cities being in the interior. Of the 16 cities of the island which have a population of 8,000 or more no fewer than 10 are upon the seacoast. The above peculiarity of distribution is still more marked when we consider the population, since the 10 cities upon the seacoast contain no fewer than 431,063 inhabitants, while the 6 interior cities contain only 76,768 people. CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 A Hoen & Co Balto'Lifh CENTER OF POPULATION. 77 The map opposite page 76 shows the distribution of the cities of the island, the size of the colored circles surrounding each city repre¬ senting, rudely, its population. In the case of Habana the circle is necessarily so large as to include numerous other cities, and it is, therefore, represented in shading instead of in solid color, in order to let the others appear. The great preponderance of Habana over all the other cities of the island is forcibly illustrated; also the location of the larger cities at or close to the seacoast, the only large cities in the interior being Puerto Principe, Sancti Spiritus, and Santa Clara. In the interior are numerous small cities, which are abundant in the provinces of Habana, Matanzas, and the central part of Santa Clara. Pinar del Rio and Puerto Principe are almost without cities of magnitude, and in Santi¬ ago they are few in number and are widely scattered. CENTER OF POPULATION. The center of population is the center of gravity of the people, assuming each individual to have the same weight and to press down¬ ward with a force proportional to his distance from this center. Suppose Cuba to be a plane surface, without weight, and to be loaded with its population, distributed as at the time of the census, then the island would be equally balanced about this center. The method of computing the center of population is as follows: The position of the center of population of each municipal district was first estimated. Where the district was a small one and uniformly populated it was at its center of area. In case the district was large, or the population was distributed unequally over it, the location of its population center was estimated after an examination of the distri¬ bution of population over the district, as shown by the figures for the wards. Thus, in the case of Habana and Matanzas, and of the large municipal districts composing the province of Puerto Principe, the center of population was not at its center of area, and such an examina¬ tion was made, as also in most of the districts of Santiago and certain of those of Santa Clara. The positions of the centers of the districts having been thus esti¬ mated, a point was assumed as a tentative center of population of each province, lines were drawn through it east and west, north and south, and the distances of each of these centers from this assumed point, expressed in terms of latitude and departure, were measured, using the large War Department map of the island. The population of each district was then multiplied by its distance in latitude, whether north or south, and in departure, whether east or west, from the assumed center, and the sum of the products in each of the four directions obtained. The difference between the sum of the products north and south of the assumed position divided by the population of the prov- 78 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. ince gave a correction in latitude to the assumed position. Similarly, the products of the population of the districts by the departures were summed up east and west of the assumed center, and the difference between them divided by the total population of the province gave a correction in departure to the assumed center. In this manner the centers of population in 1899 and in 1887 were obtained for each of the 6 provinces. The centers of area of each of the 6 provinces were obtained by a similar process, using, however, square miles of area instead of numbers of inhabitants. The center of population of the island was determined by a similar use of the centers of population of the provinces. For this purpose the position of the city of Santa Clara was assumed as a tentative center of population of the island, and the differences of latitude and of departure of the computed center of population of each of the provinces from this assumed point, Santa Clara, were measured, were multiplied by the population of the provinces, the products added, and the differences between the sum of the north and of the south products obtained and divided by the total population of the island, giving a correction in latitude to the assumed position. The correction in departure was obtained in a similar manner. Thus the center of population was obtained for the census of 1899 and of 1887, together with the center of area of the island. The following are the results: Pinar del Rio. Latitude. Longitude. Center of population: 1899 . o / 22 34 22 35 o / 83 29 1887 . 83 23 Center of area. 22 29 83 30 The center of population in 1899 was 15 miles northeast of the cit} 7 of Pinar del Rio. It had moved from its position in 1887 1 mile south and 6 miles west, owing to the partial depopulation of the east¬ ern part of the province by the civil war. The center of area is located about 7 miles northeast of the city 7 of Pinar del Rio, and there¬ fore about 8 miles southwest of the center of population in 1899. Ilabanit. Latitude. Longitude. Center of population: 1899 . o r 23 02 23 00 22 33 o / 82 21 82 18 82 22 1887 . Center of area. CENTER OF POPULATION. 79 The center of population in 1899 was 7 miles south of the city of Habana, not far from the north coast and some distance north of the center of area of the province. It is drawn into this eccentric posi¬ tion by the weight of the great city of Habana, in which are more than half of the inhabitants of the province. In 1887 the center of population was 2 miles south and 3 miles east of its position in 1899. The center of area of this province is in Caribbean Sea, being drawn to this position by the Isle of Pines, which forms part of the province. Matanzas. Latitude. Longitude. Center of population: 1899. O / 22 50 o / 81 21 1887. 22 50 81 22 Center of area. 22 44 81 12 The center of population in 1899 was 19 miles southeast of the city of Matanzas and Id miles northwest of the center of area, being to this extent eccentric in position. The center of population .in 1887 was in the same latitude as in 1899 and 1 mile farther west. Santa Clara. Latitude. Longitude. Center of population: 1899. o / 22 23 o t 80 02 1887. 22 23 80 02 ('enter of area. 22 19 80 00 The center of population in 1899 was 5 miles southwest of the city of Santa Clara and identical with its position in 1887, indicating that whatever had been the movements of population in the intervening years they had balanced one another. The center of area was 5 miles nearly southeast of the center of population. Puerto Principe. Latitude. Longitude. Center of population: 1899. O 1 21 29 21 31 21 32 o / 78 02 78 04 78 07 1887. Center of area. The center of population in 1899 was 10 miles northwest of the city of Puerto Principe, and it had since 1887 moved 3 miles in a south¬ easterly direction. The center of area was but 8 miles distant in a northwesterly direction from this center of population. 80 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Santiago. Latitude. Longitude. Center of population: 1899. o / 20 21 20 20 20 22 o / 76 03 75 54 75 54 1887. Center of area. The center of population was, in 1899, 29 miles northwest of the city of Santiago, having moved in the preceding twelve years 9 miles in a direction nearly west. The center of area was in nearly the same latitude, but 9 miles nearly east of this center of population. Cuba. Latitude. Longitude. Center of population: 1899. o / 22 15 O / 80 23 1887. 22 24 80 41 Center of area. 21 51 79 18 The center of population in 1899 was in Santa Clara province, 30 miles southwest of the city of Santa Clara and 8 miles northeast of Cienfuegos. In 1887 it was 21 miles northwest of its position in 1899, showing a net movement of the population in the twelve intervening years toward the southeast, represented by this 24 miles of movement. The center of area is 10 miles east-southeast of the city of Sancti Spiritus, at a distance of 76 miles east-southeast of the center of population in 1899 and 100 miles from the center in 1887. DISTRIBUTION IN ALTITUDE. By the aid of a sketch map prepared by Mr. Robert T. Hill it has been made possible to distribute the population in elevation above sea level, with the following results: Altitude. Population. Percentage. Feet. - 100 597,000 38.3 100-1,000 827,000 53.1 +1,000 134,000 8.6 SEX. (See Table VI.) Cuba had 57,613 more males than females, an excess equal to 3.6 per cent of the population. In this respect it agrees with nearly all coun¬ tries which are receiving many immigrants, for immigrants to new CENSUS OF CUBA, 1 899 A Hoen & Co Balto* Lifh SEX. 81 countries or to countries of little industrial development are predomi¬ nantly men. This excess of males in Cuba, therefore, which distin¬ guishes it from neighboring West Indian islands like Jamaica, Porto Rico, and the Bahamas, is evidence that, as with the United States, immigration has been a large factor and emigration a small factor in the growth of its population. The following table shows the total population and total males, together with the facts, by race, for the censuses selected as most trustworthy. Where the information has not been found the space has been left blank. Table showing population and number of males at successive censuses. Date of census. Total. White. Colored. Population. Males. Population. Males. Population. Males. 1775. 171,620 272,300 572, 363 704, 486 1,007,624 1,396,530 1,509,291 1,609,075 1, 572, 797 96,440 153,559 257,380 311,051 418,291 793, 484 1,023,394 1,102,889 1,067,354 55,476 82,299 75,180 118,741 314,983 393,435 589,333 603, 046 485,897 528, 798 505,443 1792 . 155,234 72,935 1817. 1827 . 403,905 584,097 800,635 845,595 866,407 815,205 168,653 227,144 468,107 598, 395 607,187 577, 807 235,252 356,953 332,528 247,200 275,413 237,398 1841. 1861. 1877 . 1887 . 1899 . In the foregoing table the Chinese, in conformity with the practice of Spanish censuses, have been grouped with the whites. Where pos¬ sible the de jure population has been given. Hence in 1887 the details by race being given only for the de facto population, do not sum to the dejure population given in the total column. From the preceding table the following table of percentages has been derived: Year. Per cent of males in— Total population. White population. Colored population. 1775. 57.5 1792. 57.0 53.6 61.4 1827. 57.3 54.2 59.8 1841. 58.0 54.3 60.6 1861. 57.3 59.0 55.1 1877. 56.0 58.5 50. 9 1887. 53.9 55.1 52.1 1899. 51.8 54.1 47.0 The proportion of males in Cuba apparently reached its maximum about the middle of the century, when it was nearly the same as that of the Pacific coast States in 1890 (Washington, 02.3 per cent; Ore¬ gon, 58 per cent; California, 58 per cent). Since then it has gradu¬ ally decreased until the proportional excess of males was in 1899 about the same as in several States bordering on the Upper Mississippi River (Wisconsin, 51.9 per cent; Iowa, 52 per cent; Illinois, 51.6 per cent). Among the whites the proportion of males reached its maxi- 24662-6 82 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. mum somewhat later, perhaps owing in part to the immigration of many thousand Chinese males in the years preceding the census of 1861. Yet, even if these he excluded, the per cent of males among the true whites or Caucasians of Cuba in 1861 was 57.1, or higher than it had been since the first census of the island. While the slave trade was thriving the excess of males was much greater among the colored than among the whites. This suggests that the supply of colored labor was maintained primarily by importation rather than by rearing slave children. But since 1811 the excess of colored males has steadily decreased, and before the last census was taken it had disappeared. The increase between 1877 and 1887 sug¬ gests the possibility that the Chinese, who were not separately returned in the census of 1887, may have been included at that time with the colored. But such an interpretation is doubtful. On comparing the results of the present census with those of the Spanish census of 1887 the excess of males is seen to have decreased rapidly in twelve years. In 1887 the excess of males in the de jure population was 123,739, while in 1899 it was less than half that amount. During the twelve years the number of males and of females apparently changed in oppo¬ site directions, that of the females having increased by nearly 15,000 (14,924), and that of the males having decreased by over 50,000 (51,202). Thus the females increased 2 per cent and the males decreased nearly 6 per cent in twelve } T ears. The excess of males in 1899 was distributed through the provinces * 1 as follows: Santa Clara. Pinar del Rio. Habana (excluding city) Habana city. Matanzas. Puerto Principe. Santiago. Cuba., Province. Total popu¬ lation. Absolute excess of males. Per cent that excess makes of total popu¬ lation. 356,536 21,578 6.1 173,064 10,312 6.0 188, 823 8,641 4.6 235, 981 10,535 4.5 202,444 6,008 2.5 88,234 1,564 1.8 327,715 —25 1,572,797 57,613 3.6 From this table it appears that in the eastern provinces—Puerto Principe and Santiago—the two sexes were almost equal in numbers, and that the excess of males was in the western half of the island, where immigration has been most influential. The main point at which immigrants into Cuba disembark is Habana. Hence one would expect to find a large preponderance of 1 As the statistics of a great city like llabana differ w idely from those of a more scattered population, the province of Habana will often be divided into tw r o parts, the city and the rest of the province. CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 TOTAL POPULATION CLASSIFIED BY SEX, RACE, AND NATIVITY HABANA " ■ ■ — MATANZAS .. — .t - J_ 1 LT — PINAR DEL RIO PUERTO PRINCIPE SANTA CLARA NATIVE WHITE, MALE “ “ FEMALE FOREIGN WHITE, MALE “ “ FEMALE SANTIAGO j ~ ■ zr _ _ ! j _ NEGRO, MALE “ FEMALE MIXED, MALE FEMALE CHINESE, MALE A. HORN &CO BALTIMORE SEX. 83 males in that city. The foregoing table, however, shows that the proportion of males in the province of Habana, outside the city, was somewhat greater than the proportion in the city itself. It may be worth while, therefore, to see whether other cities had a lower pro¬ portion of males than the rural districts. The following table gives an answer to the question. The 14 cities referred to include all those having a population exceeding 10,000, together with the city of Pinar del Rio. District. Number of— Per cent of— Males. Females. Males. Females. Fourteen cities separately returned. Rural districts. 240,852 574,353 250,652 506,940 49.0 53.1 51.0 46.9 Cuba. 815,205 757,592 51.8 48.2 The excess of males in Cuba is thus seen to hold only in the rural districts. In the cities there were nearly 10,000 more females than males, but in the country about 67,000 more males than females. In an average group of 1,000 city folk there were 20 more females than males, but in an average group of 1,000 country folk there were 62 more males than females. In the following table the distinction between urban and rural popu¬ lation has been extended to the provinces, and for purposes of sim¬ plicity only the columns for males have been retained: Province. Number of males in— Per cent of males in— Difference in proportion of males be¬ tween urban and rural districts. Urban districts. Rural districts. Urban districts. Rural districts. Habana . 135,552 86,438 51.9 52.8 0.9 Matanzas..•. 27,132 76, 594 46.5 53.2 6.7 Pinar del Rio. 4,256 87,432 47.9 53.3 5.4 Puerto Principe. 10, 912 33,987 43.5 53.8 10.3 Santa Clara. 36,560 152,497 45.5 55.2 9.7 Santiago. 26,440 137,405 45.9 50.9 5.0 The difference between city and country in all other provinces is several times as great as it is in Habana, and rises to a maximum in Puerto Principe, where in every 100 country residents there are 10 more males than there are in the capital city of that province. It is in Hal Jana province alone that males outnumber females in the cities. Elsewhere they are in a decided minority. This difference may plaus¬ ibly be connected with the large number of immigrants in the cities of that province, notably in Habana. In every one of the 14 cities separately returned, except Habana and its suburb Regia, the females outnumber the males. 84 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CURA, 1899. AGE. (See Table IX.) CUBA AS A 'WHOLE. Probably the best single and simple expression for the age of a great number of people like the inhabitants of Cuba or the United States is what is called the median age; that is, the age such that half the mem¬ bers of the population group under consideration are younger and half are older. To compute it accurately the census tables should present the ages by single years. That information being given, it is easy to ascertain within what single year of life the median age must lie. It is then assumed that within the year of age thus fixed the per¬ sons were evenly distributed; in other words, that there were as many persons living in the first tenth of the year or the first month as in each other tenth or month. In this way the median age of the popu¬ lation of the United States in 1890 has been fixed at 21.92 years. The present census of Cuba reports ages not by single years, but, in most cases, only by five-year periods. 1 Hence to get the median age it has been necessary to distribute the population of Cuba in a single five- year period to the several years. For this purpose it has been assumed that the number at each year of age in the five-year group bears the same proportion in Cuba, as in the United States, to the total for the five years. Thus the median age in Cuba has been found to be 20.78 years. That in Porto Pico is 18.18 years. The people of Cuba, there¬ fore, were more than a year 3 T ounger than those of the United States, but more than two and a half years older than the people of Porto Rico. The median age is a summary expression of the age constitution and gives only a preliminary idea of the facts. The analysis is carried a step farther by the following table, in which the three population groups are compared in more detail. Here and elsewhere no com¬ parison is made with Spain because of the meager statistical informa¬ tion about that country. The table states the proportion that the number of persons in each ten-year period from the beginning to the end of life made of the total population of all ages. 1 The division of the group 15-19 at 17 enables one to know the population of school age, 5-17, and that of age to serve in the militia, 18-44. The division of the group 20-24 at 20 enables one to know the potential voters. The division of the group 0-4 into single years allows a study of the balance between birth rate and death rate during the early years before it is seriously affected by migration. CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 CUBA DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX AGE PERIODS COLORED POPULATION A HOEN SCO BALTIMORE AGE. 85 Age constitution of the population of Cuba compared with that of Porto Rico and the United States , by ten-year age periods. Age period. Pe»»cent of total population in age periods named. Cuba (1899). Porto Rico (1899). United States (1890). 0-9. 22.70 30. 84 24.29 10-19. 25. 31 22.82 21. 70 20-29. 18.46 18.12 18.24 30-39. 13.88 11. 74 13.48 40-49. 9.24 7.41 9.45 50-59. 5. 81 5. 06 6.38 60-69. 3.08 2.63 3.94 70-79. 1.03 .90 1.75 80-89. .35 .36 .45 90-99. .11 '• .10 .05 100+. .02 .01 .01 Of unknown age. .01 .01 .26 Total. 100. 00 100.00 100.00 This table shows that the proportion of children under 10 in Cuba was less than in the United States and much less than in Porto Pico. On the other hand, the proportion of persons between 10 and 20 was much higher and that of persons between 20 and 40 somewhat higher than in either of the other countries. The proportion of persons in Cuba between 40 and 90 was somewhat less than in the United States, but, with a slight exception for the last ten years, greater than in Porto Rico. The proportion beyond 90, which was larger than in Porto Rico or the United States, points not to a greater proportional number of very aged persons in Cuba, but to greater errors in the returns, whereby the true age has been exaggerated. If the age composition of the population in the United States be taken as a standard, there were in Cuba few children, many } T outh, an average number of young adults, and a small number of persons who had passed the meridian of 40. An accessible summary 1 giving the proportion of children under 10 and of adults over 60 in 18 European countries at the last censuses shows that Cuba had proportionally fewer children under 10 than 14 of these countries, but a larger per cent than Belgium (22.4), Switzerland (21.7), Ireland (20.8), or France (17.5). The per cent .of persons over 60 (4.6) was lower than in the United States (6.2), and that was lower than in any of the 18 countries of Europe. The small proportion of aged persons in the United States may be explained by the rapid growth of its population; but in Cuba, where the population has increased only 4 per cent in twenty-two years, the cause must be sought rather in unsanitary conditions, ignorance regarding care of the health, and poverty, all of which are widely prevalent among certain classes on the island and result in a short life. The analysis may be carried one step farther by finding the propor- 1 Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv III, 472 (1894). 86 •REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. tion of the population belonging to each period of five years between birth and death. The results, in comparison with those for the United States and Porto Rico, and also with an artificial stationary population from which the errors due to misstatement of age or to uneven growth of population have been excluded, are contained in the following table: Age constitution of the population of Cuba compared with that of Porto Rico and the United States , by five-year age periods. Age period. Cuba (1899). United States (1890). Porto Rico (1899). Farr’s English life table. 0-4. 8.32 12.19 15. 78 9.80 5-9. 14.38 12.10 15.06 8.77 10-14. 13.99 11.23 13.05 8.48 15-19. 11.32 10.47 9. 77 8.25 20-24. 9.72 9.89 9.28 7.94 25-29. 8. 74 8.35 8.84 7.58 30-34. 7.55 7.31 6.75 7.20 35-39. 6.33 6.17 4.99 6.80 40-14. 5.43 5.09 4.64 6.38 45-49. 3.81 4.36 2. 77 5.92 50-54. 3.66 3. 71 3.45 5.42 55-59. 2.15 2.67 1.61 4.85 60-64. 2.19 2.33 1.93 4.16 65-69. .89 1.61 .70 3.36 70-74. .75 1.12 .65 2.44 75-79. .28 .63 .25 1.52 80-84. .28 .33 .28 .76 85-90. .07 .12 .08 .28 90-94.. .08 .04 .07 .07 95-99. .03 .01 .03 .01 100+. .02 .01 .01 .01 Of unknown age. .01 .26 .01 .00 Total. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 The deficiency in young children previously noted is here more accurately defined. The children between 5 and 10 were more numer¬ ous in Cuba than in the United States and not much fewer than in Porto Rico, but the children under 5 were only about two-thirds as numerous as in the United States and not much more than half as numerous as in Porto Rico. No country for which figures are acces- sible had so small a proportion of children under 5 as Cuba. This small number of survivors of the children born between 1894 and 1899, when taken in connection with the large number of survivors of those born betw’een 1889 and 1894, must be attributed to the economic and political misfortunes by which the island has been afflicted during the past five years. Compare the memorandum on vital statistics, 1890 to 1899, in Appendix XVIII. Such misfortunes usually exercise more influence on population by preventing births or increasing infant mortality than by causing death of adults. In every country in which the population is stationary or increasing one ordinarily finds that'the children under 5 outnumber those between 5 and 10, and if the popu¬ lation is to be maintained this clearly must be so. Hence the number of children in Cuba 5-9 years of age may be deemed a minimum limit to v CD v AGE. 87 what the number 0-4 years of age would have been had it not been for the recent sufferings of the island. This gives the following estimate: Children 5-9. 226,109 Children 0-4. 130,878 Difference.1.'. 95,229 This difference of nearly 100,000 may approximately represent a minimum limit to the loss of infant life in Cuba both by death and prevention of birth consequent upon her recent sufferings. An examination of Table IX shows that during adult life, especially the later years, the reported numbers of persons in Cuba belonging to the successive quinquennial groups vary irregularly. One would expect the number in each group through middle life to fall below that in the next younger group by a somewhat constant proportion. That it does not do so is clear from Table IX but the fact is more distinctly brought out by the following derived table: Number and per cent by which the reported population at the aye yroup named fell below the number in the precediny aye yroup. \ Age group. • Difference between this group and preceding quinquen¬ nial group. Per cent that difference makes of total in pre ceding quin¬ quennial group. 10-14. - 6,060 -42,014 —25, 076 -15, 554 -18, 593 -19,248 -14,072 —25,553 - 2,350 -23,830 + 664 -20,402 - 2,230 - 7,447 — 2.68 15-19. -19.09 20-24. —14.09 25-29. —10.17 30-34. —13.53 35-39. —16. 20 40-44. -14.13 45-49. -29. 89 50-54. — 3.92 55-59. -41.38 60-64. -f 1.97 - 59. 27 65-69. 70-74. -15.90 75^79. -63.17 80-84. - ' 4 - .92 85-89. - 3,161 + 31 - 737 -72.84 90-94. + 2.63 -60.90 95-99. Such irregularity in the decrease with advancing years is counter to all the probabilities in the case. The most simple hypothesis that arises to explain it is errors in the reporting of ages. Where such errors occur they reveal themselves in the large number of persons whose age is reported as a multiple of 5 or especially of 10. Hence quin¬ quennial groups containing a multiple of 10 are erroneously swollen and the intervening groups correspondingly diminished. An exami¬ nation of the preceding table will show that this is true of the reported ages in Cuba. Further evidence of the irregularity may be found in the following table. The number of persons in each quinquennial group has been compared with half the sum of the numbers in the groups 88 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. immediately preceding and following. If the curve representing the population by age groups were a straight descending line (for a station¬ ary population and through the years of adult life it closely approaches a straight line), the number thus found would in each case be 100 per cent. The departures from 100 per cent, therefore, in the following table measure approximately, and the departure from the figures in the first column measure more accurately, the irregularity and probable error in the reported ages in Cuba. Columns for the United States and Porto Rico are introduced for comparison. Per cent that 'population in each quinquennial group makes of the arithmetical mean of population in the next younger and next older groups. Age group. English life table, No. 3. Cuba. (1899.) United States (1890). Porto Rico. (1899.) 5-9. 84.2 128.8 103.2 104.5 10-14. 96.8 109.0 99.6 105.2 15-19. 100.4 95.4 99.2 87.6 20-24. 100.4 97.0 105.2 99.8 25-29. 100.2 101.2 97.0 105.4 30-34. 100.2 100.4 100.6 97.7 35-39. 100.2 97.4 99.6 87.7 40-44. 100.2 107.2 96.6 119.6 45-49. • . 100.4 83.8 99.2 68.6 50-54. 100.6 123.0 105.6 157.5 55-59. 101.0 73.4 88.4 59.9 G0-G4. 101.4 144.0 108.6 167.9 05-69.•.. 101.6 60.6 93.6 54.3 70-74. 100.4 128.4 100.0 128. 3 75-79. 95.8 53.8 86.8 54.3 80-84. 85.8 157.2 87.0 175.0 85-89. 69.6 42.4 66.2 47.1 90-94. 50.4 146.4 58.4 140.0 Disregarding the first two age groups and finding the difference between each following group and the figures in the first column gives a measure of the real or alleged excess or deficiency of population in certain age periods. Measure of excess (-f-) or deficiency (—) of population in age group named. Age group. Cuba (1899). Porto Rico (1899). United States (1890). 1.5-19. - 5.0 -12.8 - 1.2 20-24. - 3.4 - .6 + 4.8 25-29. + 1.0 + 5.2 - 3.2 30-34. + .2 - 2.5 + .4 35-39. - 2.8 -12.5 - .6 40-44. + 7.0 +19.4 - 3.6 45-49. -16.6 -31.8 - 1.2 59-54. +22.4 +56.9 + 5.0 55-59. - 27.6 -41.1 -12.6 60-64. +42.6 +66.5 + 7.2 65-69. -41.0 -47.3 - 8.0 70-74. +28.0 +37.9 - .4 75-79. 42.0 -41.5 - 9.0 80-84. +71.4 +89.2 + 1.2 85-89. -27.2 -22.1 - 3.4 90-94. +90.0 +89.6 + 8.0 89 AGE. In all three countries the population in age groups including a mul¬ tiple of 10 was usually in excess and that in othei age groups in deficiency. In Cuba the deviation from the standard after the age of 30 was greater and in most instances many times greater than in the United States, and in Porto Rico with few exceptions it was much greater than in Cuba. In the United States where ages are reported by single years it can easily be shown that the irregularity of the age curve is due to the reporting of ages as 30, 10, etc., when the persons are near but not at those ages. This tendency is most marked among the uneducated. The preceding table shows that a similar tendency worked in Cuba at the present census with greater effect than in the United States, and that in Porto Rico it was even more controlling than in Cuba. In a single case this explanation may be further tested. In Table IX the number of persons 20 years of age is given as well as that 21-21. In Farr’s Life Table the persons 20 years of age are 20.3 per cent of the total in the group 20-21. In the United States the proportion for both sexes was 20. 7, but as males in the United States are fond of saying they are of voting age, and hence the year 21 is a favored one with them, it may be better to compare the Cuban figures for this group with those for females in the United States. Of all females in the United States 20-21, 22.1 per cent reported themselves as 20 years of age. In Cuba, on the contrary, of all persons 20-21, 26.1 per cent reported themselves as 20. This confirms the explanation already offered, that the Cubans stated their age in round numbers as some multiple of ten far more commonly than the Americans did in 1890. Ages under 5 by single years .—The ages under 5 are reported for each year. This allows a study of the balance between birth rate and death rate before it is seriously affected by migration. The very small number of children under 5 in Cuba has been shown. But the distribution of these to the single years is also significant. The following table gives the number of children belonging to each } r ear and the ratio of that number to the total under 5. Similar ratios are included for the United States in 1880, when the form of the age question was the same as in Cuba in 1899, and also for Porto Rico. Number of children. Ratio to total under 5. Age period. Cuba. Porto Rico. United States (1880). 0-1. 24,145 18.45 17.49 20.94 1-2. 16,873 12.89 16.99 18.18 2-3. 23,690 18.10 21.91 20.64 3-4. 30,340 23.18 21. 99 19.98 4-5. 35,830 27.38 21.59 20. 26 0-5. 130,878 100.00 100.00 100.00 90 REPOKT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 In Cuba over 50 per cent of the children under 5, at the date of the census, were 3 or d years old; while in Porto Rico the corresponding per cent was 43.6, in the United States (1880) it was 40.2 per cent, and by the English Life Table No. 3, 37.5 per cent. This apparently shows that the birth rate was higher or the infant mortality lower in Cuba during 1895 and 1896 than it was in 1897, 1898, and 1899. Apparently, also, in Porto Rico the conditions affecting the lives of young children were better in 1895-1897 than thev were in 1898 or 1899. THE SEVERAL PROVINCES. The median age .—The median age of the several provinces was as follows: Province. Median age. Santiago. 18.0 Puerto Principe. 18.1 Pinar del Rio. 19.3 Santa Clara. 21.0 Habana (exclusive of city). 21.4 Matanzas... 22.0 Habana (city).1... 24.8 There was a difference of nearly seven years between the median age in Santiago and in the capital of the island. As the two provinces which were closest in age, Santiago and Puerto Principe, were those which have the largest proportions of colored and of white, respec¬ tively, it is clear that the median age of the two races probably did not differ widely except where immigration has entered to cause a difference. Age by 5-yearperiods .—The wide difference in median age between Habana city and the eastern provinces is in some measure explained by the following table: Per cent of total population belonging to age period stated. Age period. Habana (excluding city). Habana city. Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago. 0-1. 6.94 7.54 7.93 9.14 11.15 7.31 9.81 5-9. 12.98 10.32 13.38 15.57 16.55 14.34 17. .56 10-14. 14.16 10.17 13.48 14.71 15.10 14.40 15.84 15-19. 12.29 10.73 10.94 11.98 10.94 11.42 11.07 20-24. 11.47 11.70 9.63 11.21 7.08 9.59 7.43 25-29. 9.89 11.17 8. 79 9.81 5.78 8.85 6. 40 30-34./.. 7.67 9.31 7.12 7.11 6.74 7.67 6.82 35-39. 6.16 7.67 5.98 5.01 5.99 6.47 6.32 40-44. 5.05 6.03 6.37 4.67 5.28 5.63 5. .50 45-49. 3.55 4.32 4.10 2.90 3.96 3.87 3. 79 50-54. 3.58 3.91 4.28 2.98 3.74 3.78 3.36 55-59. 2.09 2.48 2.77 1.45 2.29 2.15 1.88 60-04. 2.02 2.21 2.86 1.73 2.47 2.23 1.98 65-69. .84 1.05 1.26 .60 .97 .87 .73 70-74. . 66 .70 1.09 .55 .93 .71 .73 75-79. .25 .32 .35 .17 .35 .25 .27 80-84. .22 .21 .39 .24 .39 .27 .27 85-89. .06 .07 .10 .05 .10 .07 .08 90-94. .06 .05 .12 .07 .12 .07 .09 95-99. .03 .02 .03 .03 .04 .03 .04 100 +. .02 .0-2 .02 .02 .03 .02 .02 Unknown . .01 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 .01 Total _ 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 « AGE. 91 In proportion of children under 15, Santiago and Puerto Principe ranked first and second, and the city of Ilabana ranked last, or, in one case, next to the last. The ratio of children under 15 to the total population varies, in close agreement with the median age, as follows; Province. Median age. Ratio of children 0-15 to total pop¬ ulation. Santiago. 18.0 43.0 Puerto Principe. 18.1 42.8 Pinar del Rio. 19.3 39.4 Santa Clara. 21.0 36.1 Habana (exclusive of city). 21.4 34.1 Matanzas. 22.0 34.8 Habana (city).. 24.8 28.0 A powerful and usually a controlling influence in determining the median or average age is the proportion of children. Puerto Principe had the largest proportion of children under 5, suggesting that it may have suffered least from recent disorders. From 5 to 15 } T ears of age the maximum was in Santiago, pointing to a high birth rate under ordinary conditions in that province. From 20 to 50 years of age the maximum was uniformly in the city of Ilabana; from 50 to 80, in Matanzas. The smallest proportion of very young children was found in Ilabana province outside the capital. Of children 5-19 years old there were fewest in Habana city; of young adults 20-31 years old, fewest in Puerto Principe; of adults 35-79, fewest in Pinar del Ilio. The small ratio of adults 20-35 years old in Puerto Principe and Santiago may possibly be an echo of a lowered birth rate during the ten years’ war, 1868-1878, which was confined for the most part to the eastern provinces. All the provinces showed a much smaller number of children under 5 than of those between 5 and 10. Perhaps the best measure of relative loss of infant life during the past five } r ears is found by computing the per cent by which the number of children under 5 fell below that between 5 and 10. This is given in the following table; Province. Per cent by which chil¬ dren 0-4 fall below that 5-9. Habana city. 26.9 Puerto Principe. 32. 6 Matanzas_t. 40. 7 Pinar del Rio. 41.3 Cuba. 42. 1 Santiago. 44. 1 Habana (excluding city). 46.5 Santa Clara. 48.9 92 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. The number of children in the first five years of life was uniformly below that in the next five-year period, and the deficiency ranged from one-fourth in Habana city to nearly one-half in Santa Clara. The three provinces which apparently suffered most were Santiago, Santa Clara, and Habana outside the capital. It is likely that the apparent losses in the capital were decreased and those in the vicinity increased by the removal of families containing children from the rural districts to the protection of the city. These losses probably are the result of a much lower birth rate and a much higher infant death rate during the past five } T ears. It may be possible to derive from the figures for children under 5 further light regarding the provinces which suffered most at various periods. The following table has been prepared by finding the ratio of children of each year of age under 5 to the total under 5. Province. 0-1. 1-2. 2-3. 3-4. 4-5. 0-4. Habana (excluding city). 16.6 12.2 18.4 23.8 29.0 100.00 Habana city. 16.8 15.4 19.8 23.4 24.6 100.00 Matanzas. 17.4 11.8 18.4 24.2 28.2 100.00 Pinar del Rio. 22.1 11.5 16.6 22.6 27.2 100.00 Puerto Principe. 18.3 13.6 19.3 23.5 25.3 100.00 Santa* Clara. 15.0 11.9 19.0 24.5 29.6 100.00 Santiago. 21; 7 13.7 16.5 21.4 26.7 100.00 Of the children born between October, 1898, and October, 1899, there was the smallest proportion in Santa Clara and the largest in Pinar del Rio. Of the children 1 and 2 years old Habana city had the most relatively to the other provinces and Pinar del Rio the fewest. Of those born in the last months of 1891, in 1895, and 1896 Santa Clara had most. Of those 3 years old the fewest were in Santiago, and of those I years old the fewest in Habana city. The last Cuban revolution began early in 1895 and during that year seems to have centered in Santiago province. In the fall of 1895 the revolutionists advanced into the western provinces, and during 1896 military operations apparently centered in the western part of the island, notably Pinar del Rio. After the death of Maceoin December, 1896, Santa Clara was perhaps the center of operations. The Spanish policy of concentration began early in 1896. These facts may be con¬ nected with those shown in the preceding table. It indicates that the birth rate in Santiago was probably abnormally low in 1896 and 1897, that in Pinar del Rio was relatively lowest in 1897 and 1898, while that of Santa Clara was at its minimum in 1899. t\ qe and sex .—The median age of the two sexes in Cuba compared with that in Porto Rico and the United States was as follows: Coun try. Date. Median age of— Excess of— Males. Females. Males. Females. Cuba . 1899 21.7 20.1 1.6 Porto Rico........... 1899 17.6 18.7 1.1 United States. 1890 22.3 21.5 .8 AGE. 93 The males were four years older in Cuba than in Porto Rico, but about seven and one-half months younger than in the United States. The females were not quite seventeen months older than in Porto Rico, but were seventeen months younger than in the United States. The males were nineteen months older than the females, while in the United States the difference was only half as great, and in Porto Rico the females were thirteen months older. The greater age of males is made clear by the following table, in which the ratio of the total number of each sex in a given decennial age group to the total population of that sex is stated. Age composition of male and female population of Cuba bg decenniad period*. Age period. Per cent of all in sex named who belong to age period stated. Excess of— Males. Females. Males. Females. 0-9. 22.2 23.3 1.1 10-19. 24.1 26. 6 2.5 20-29. 18.7 18.2 .5 30-39. 14.5 13.3 1.2 40-49. 9.9 8.5 1.4 50-59. 6.1 5.5 .6 60-69. 3.1 3.0 .1 70-79. 1.0 1.1 . 1 80-89. .3 .4 . 1 90-99. .1 . 1 .0 100+. .0 .0 • This table shows that the relative number of females was greatest at the extremes of age 0-19 and 70+, while during the years 20-69 males were more numerous. The absolute numbers for each sex in these three age groups 0-19, 20-69, and 70+ are given below. Sex. Age period. 0-19. 20-69. 70+ . Males.. 377,435 377,636 426,300 367,663 11,413 12,265 Females. At the two extremes of life there were more female than male Cubans by over 1,000, but during the working years 20-69 there were nearly 60,000 more males than females. To the great excess of males at those years must be attributed the higher median age of the males in Cuba. The excess of females in the group.70+ may be actual or simply reported; that is, it may be due either to a lower mortality and longer lifetime or to greater errors in the reports from females. Such errors manifest themselves not merely, as already explained, in concentration on round numbers, but also among old persons in exag¬ geration of the true age. It is of importance, therefore, to ascertain whether concentration on round numbers is more common among males or among females. 94 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Following the method already explained, the table below gives the proportion of each sex at each quinquennial period: Age composition of male and female population by quinquennial periods. Age period. Per cent of— Males. Females. 0-4. 8.09 8.58 5-9. 14.08 14.69 10-14.. 13. 79 14.21 15-19. 10.35 12.37 20-24. 9.69 9.76 25-29. 8.98 8.47 30-34. 7.85 7.23 35-39. 6. 61 6.04 40-44. 5.82 5.02 45-49. 4.07 3.53 50-54. 3.79 3.53 55-59. 2.35 1.92 60-64. 2.20 2.18 65-69. .93 .85 70-74. .71 .79 75-79. .26 .29 80-84. .24 .31 85-89. .06 .09 90-94. .07 .09 95-99. .03 .03 100 +. .02 .02 Unknown . .01 .00 Total. 100.00 100.00 _ An examination of this table shows no conspicuous difference between the two sexes until about the age of 45, but from that age on the decrease in the column for males is more regular than that in the column for females. This is probably due to the greater frequency with which the ages of elderly women were reported as multiples of 10. The difference between the two is made more visible by the fol¬ lowing table. The method employed in its preparation has been already explained. Per cent that population in each quinquennial period makes of the arithmetical mean of population in the next younger and next older periods. Age period. Males. Females. 25-29. 102.4 98.8 30-34. 100.3 100.2 35-39. 96. 7 98.6 40-44. 109.0 | 104.9 45-49. 84.7 82.6 50-54. 118.1 129.5 55-59. 78.5 67.3 60-64. 134.2 157.4 65-69. 63.9 57.2 70-74. 119.3 138.6 75—79.............. 54.7 52.7 80-84. 150.0 163.2 Prior to the age of 45 no uniform difference between the two sexes clearly appears, but after that the excess in periods including a multiple of 10 and the shortage in the intervening periods are much more marked among women than among men. AGE. 95 Corroborative evidence may be found in examining which sex was more fond of reporting the age as exactly 20. In a stationary popu¬ lation about 20.3 per cent of all persons between 20 and 25 are actually 20, but in Cuba 25 per cent of the males and 27.8 per cent of the females 20-24 reported themselves as 20. This seems to show a decidedly greater error among females, but there are many foreign¬ ers in Cuba belonging to this age period and the large majority are males. As they belong mainly to the later years of the period, it may be fairer to exclude them from the comparison. Among the colored and native white males 20-24, 27.1 per cent were reported as 20, but among the females of these classes the per cent was 28. It appears that women’s tendencv to answer in round numbers even at this age is a very little higher than men’s. One may safely conclude that erroneous statements of age, at least after middle life, are more common among Cuban women. Where errors of age occur during the later years, they are likely to exag¬ gerate the real age. For example, in the United States in 1890 among every 100,000 colored 128 claimed to be 90 years old or more, but among every 100,000 native whites of native parents only 45 claimed to be 90 or more, yet the whites certainly live longer. As elderly Cuban women are more prone to report their ages in multiples of 10, so they are probably more prone to exaggerate their age, and part of the high proportion of women 70 years old or more may be thus explained. At the same time, as general experience testifies to a somewhat lower mortality of women in civilized countries, the greater proportion of women in the later ages may probably be accepted as correct, although the census figures exaggerate the difference. Referring to the table in which the age composition of the sexes is given by five-year periods (p. 94), one notices a striking difference in the proportion of males and of females belonging to the age period 15-19. The proportion of females in that period was more than 2 per cent higher than the proportion of males, while in all other cases the proportions of the sexes differed by less than 1 per cent. This is true not merely of the proportions, but also the absolute numbers. In this age period there were nearly 10,000 (9,343) more females than males, while in every other five-year period under 70 the males outnumbered the females. It is obvious that such a massing of the females in the age period 15-19 is highly improbable. The most simple explanation is that for some reason a considerable number of males belonging to that age period reported themselves at other ages, or that a considerable number of females belonging to other age periods reported themselves as in this period. The same difference occurs in the United States, where the age period 15-19 is the only five-year period under 80 in which the females outnumbered the males. The phenomenon, how¬ ever, is much more marked in Cuba than in the United States. In 96 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Cuba there were 1,111 females to every 1,000 males 15-19, while in the United States there were only 1,019 females to 1,000 males in the same age period. Probably the most effectual cause is the transfer of women really belonging to other age periods into this. As the five-year period in the tables is divided into two parts, one may probe the ques¬ tion a little more closely. In the two years 18-19 there were 1,056 females to 1,000 males, while in the three years 15-17 there were 1,150 females to 1,000 males. Hence it is the earlier period in which the difference is especially manifest, although it clearly appears in both. The actual concentration is much greater than the apparent, since there belong to this period about 5,000 more foreign white males than foreign white females. It may be noticed that in the English figures a similar concentration of women has been pointed out, although the ages there favored fall into the next quinquennial period, 20-24. The concentration of colored in these ages was far greater than of the native white and the concentration in all Cuba far greater than in the city of Habana. NATIVITY AND RACE. The native whites constituted 57.8 per cent, or considerably more than one-half of the population of Cuba. The foreign whites consti¬ tuted but 9 per cent; the colored, including the negro and mixed ele¬ ments, amounted only to 32 per cent, or less than one-third, while the proportion of Chinese was trifling, being less than 1 per cent. In every province the native whites formed a majority of the popu¬ lation, but in the city of Habana, owing to the large element of foreign birth, they formed a trifle less than one-half, or 49 per cent. The pro¬ portion of native whites was greatest in the province of Puerto Prin¬ cipe, the sparsely settled, pastoral province, where it reached 75.2 per cent, or more than three-fourths of all the inhabitants. It was next largest in Pinar del Rio, which is mainly a farming province, where it reached 66.5 per cent, or nearly two-thirds. Santa Clara had 60 per cent, Habana, 57.3 per cent, and Matanzas had 50.7 per cent, or but a trihe more than one-half. The proportion of the foreign born ranged from 4 per cent in San¬ tiago to 16.2 in Habana province,and even to 22.4 percent in Habana city. Between a fourth and a fifth of the population of Habana city was of foreign birth. Puerto Principe had a very small foreign ele¬ ment, and in Matanzas and Pinar del Rio it was by no means large. The colored element, including the negro and mixed races, ranged from 20 per cent in Puerto Principe up to 45 per cent in Santiago. It was large in Matanzas, reaching 40 per cent, was 30 per cent in Santa Clara, 27 per cent in Pinar del Rio, and 26 per cent in Habana Province, while the proportion in Habana city was 27.3 per cent. The Chinese did not form an element of importance in any of the CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 RACE. 97 provinces, but were most numerous in Matanzas, where they formed 2.1 per cent of the population. In all of the censuses of Cuba since and including that of 1774, the distinction of white and colored has been made, and the latter have been distinguished as free and slave up to the time of the abolition of slavery. The following table shows the numbers and proportions of white and colored in Cuba, as shown by each census. As the Chinese have been by the Spanish censuses classed with whites, they are so classed here in the census of 1899, for purposes of comparison: Census. Whites. Colored. Number. Percent¬ age. Number. Percent¬ age. 1775. 96,440 56.2 75,180 43.8 1792.. 153,559 56.4 118,741 43.6 1817. 257,380 45.0 314, 983 55.0 1827. 311,051 44.2 393, 435 55.8 1841. . 418,291 41.5 589,333 58.5 1861.. 793,484 56.8 603,046 43.2 1877.. 1,023,394 67.8 485, 897 ' 32.2 1887. 1,102,889 67.6 528,798 32.4 1899. 1,067,354 67.9 505, 443 32.1 The table shows that the number of whites has steadily increased up to the last census, which shows a diminution of 35,535 from that of 1887. The colored increased up to 1861. In 1877 there was a decided decrease of 117,149. In 1887 there was an increase of 42,901, followed by a decrease of 23,355 in 1899. In proportion of total population it will suffice to trace the history of one element only—the colored—starting a century and a quarter ago with 43.8 per cent of the population. The proportion diminished slightly in the succeeding eighteen years. But between 1792 and 1817 it increased greatly, the colored becoming largely in the majority, with the proportion of 55.0 colored to 45.0 white. A trifling diminution followed in 1827, succeeded by an increase in 1841, when.the propor¬ tion of colored reached its maximum, with 58.5 per cent. Since then it diminished rapidly and in 1861 was but 43.2 per cent, leaving the whites largely in the majority again. In 1877 it again diminished, this time to 32.2, or less than one-third of the population, since which time it has not changed materially. The reason for the great increase in number and proportion of the colored up to 1841 is doubtless the continued importation of blacks from Africa, which persisted, in the form of smuggling, long after its official prohibition. Their diminution relative to the whites, dur¬ ing the last half century, is doubtless but another illustration of the inability of an inferior race to hold its own in competition with a superior one, a truth which is being demonstrated on a much larger scale in the United States. 24662-7 98 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. From the earliest times of which we have statistical record there have been large numbers of free negroes on the island, and they existed there in varying numbers and proportions up to the time of emancipation. The following table shows the numbers and propor¬ tions of the free and slave population at each census from 1774 to 1877: Census. Free colored. Slaves. Number. Percent¬ age. Number. Percent¬ age. 1775. 30 ,847 41.0 44,333 59.0 1792..•. 54,151 45.6 64,590 54.4 1817. 115,691 36.7 199, 292 63.3 1827. 106, 494 27.1 286,942 72.9 1841. 152,838 25.9 436, 495 74.1 1861. 225, 843 37.4 377, 203 62.9 1877. 272,478 55.7 199,094 44.3 With the exception of the census of 1827, the free colored increased numerically at each census, and in 1877 were nine times as numerous as in 1771. The slaves showed a rapid numerical increase up to 1811, and since that time an equally rapid reduction in numbers, a move¬ ment doubtless dependent upon the importation of slaves. The total foreign born numbered 172,535, of which 112,153, includ¬ ing 55 unknown, or 82.5 per cent, were white, and 30,382, or 17.5 per cent, were colored. This included 11,611 Chinese, leaving 15,768 foreign-born negroes and mixed bloods. Of the total foreign born 129,210 were born in Spain. These formed 71.9 per cent, or very nearly three-fourths of all the foreign born. The next largest contributor to the foreign-born population was China, whose natives altogether numbered 11,863, or 8.6 per cent of the foreign element. Next to them were natives of Africa, nearly all of w r hom were negroes, numbering 12,953, or 7.5 per cent of the foreign born. Following these in numbers were natives of the United States, most of them whites, numbering 6,111, or 3.7 per cent of the foreign born. No other country contributed to this element to the extent of even 1 per cent. Even the neighboring island of Porto Rico contributed only 1,108, and all of the other West Indies together only 1,712. South America contributed only 752 and Central America 108, while Mexico, although a near neighbor, contributed only 1,108 per¬ sons. Altogether these closely neighboring Spanish speaking coun¬ tries contributed only 1,788 persons, or less than 3 per cent of the foreign element, a fact which speaks volumes for the sedentary char¬ acter of this people. All Europe contributed only 3,568, or about 2 per cent of the foreign element, and only a little more than half as many as the United States contributed. The fact has already been stated that of the foreign colored, num¬ bering 30,382, 11,611 were Chinese, leaving 15,768 negro and mixed bloods. Of this number no fewer than 12,897, or more than four- fifths, came from Africa, the source of the remainder being widely CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 A. Hoen 8. Co Balt o’ Uth NATIVITY. 99 scattered. These African negroes are nearly all of advanced age, indicating that they constitute the last remnant of imported African slaves. Again, while among the foreign born, taken generally, males far outnumber females, in a relation of about four to one, it appears that among the immigrants from the West Indies, South and Central America, and Mexico the number of females is about equal to that of males; indeed, among those from Mexico the number of females out¬ numbers that of males greatly. The distribution of the foreign born between city and country is much the same as in the United States. The foreign-born element, consisting mainly of persons of Spanish birth, congregates in the cities much more than in the country, and among the cities it affects the larger in preference to the smaller. In the city of Habana, the largest and most important of the island, is found the greatest disproportion¬ ate number of foreign born. Out of the total foreign-born white element of the island, numbering 172,535, 52,901, or nearly one-third, were found in the city of Habana. These constituted 22.4 per cent of the entire population of the cit}^. In the smaller cities, including all those down to a population of 10,000, taken as a whole, the proportion of the foreign element was 9.2 per cent, while in the remainder of the island, including the rural districts and all cities having a population less than 10,000, the propor¬ tion of the foreign born was but 6.1 per cent. While the proportion of foreign born in the cities having a popula¬ tion above 10,000, but excluding Habana, was 9.2 per cent, this pro¬ portion ranged widely among the different cities, being generally, but not invariably, greater where the population was greater, and less where it was smaller. Seacoast cities, as a rule, had a larger propor¬ tion than inland cities, for obvious reasons. The following table gives, for the cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more, the total population, the foreign-born population, and the proportion which the latter bears to the former. Foreign-born population of cities. Cities. Total pop¬ ulation. Foreign born. Percent¬ age foreign born. 1 Habana . 235,981 43,090 36,374 30,038 52,901 3,440 22 4 j Santiago. 8.5 | Matanzas. 3,644 10.0 1 Cienfuegos. 3,485 1,283 2,081 919 11.6 1 1 Puerto Principe. 25,102 21,940 14,464 13,965 5 1 j Cardenas_!. 9. 5 j Manzanillo. 6.3 { { Guanabacoa. 1,091 7.8 | Santa Clara. 13,763 12,728 915 6.6 ’ Sagua la Grande.I. 1,137 9.0 1 Sancti Spiritus. 12,696 11,363 11,120 8,880 391 3.1 Regia... 1 666 14.7 Trinidad. 247 2.2 Pinar del Rio. 1,024 11.5 1_ 100 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. CITIZENSHIP. Of the population of Cuba 89 per cent were born in the island, 8 per cent in Spain, and only 3 per cent in other countries. Those born in Cuba, of course, included not onl} 7 native whites, but negroes and mixed bloods. The proportion was greatest in the province of Santi¬ ago, where it reached 95 per cent, and was least in the city of Habana, where only a little over three-fourths of the inhabitants were native born. Three-fourths of the foreign born were of Spanish birth. The proportion of those born in Spain was naturally greatest in the city of Habana, where it reached nearly 20 per cent of all the inhabitants, and was least in the province of Santiago. In the matter of citizenship, 83 per cent of the population claimed Cuban citizenship, only 1 per cent the protection of Spain, while 11 per cent were, at the time of the census, in suspense, not having declared their intentions. Five per cent of the population claimed citizenship other than Cuban or Spanish. The purest Cuban citizen¬ ship was found in the province of Santiago, where 91.7 per cent of the inhabitants claimed to be citizens of Cuba. On the other hand, in the city of Habana only 61.2 per cent were Cuban citizens. It is interesting to note that in the cit} T of Habana only 5.3 per cent of the inhabitants claimed citizenship other than Cuban or Spanish, while in the province of Habana 11.6 per cent were found in this class. Table XIII presents the male population of Cuba 21 years of age and over, classified according to race, nationality, citizenship, literacy, and superior education. The immediate object in preparing these tables was to ascertain the effect of certain provisions of the election laws proposed and recently promulgated by the military governor of Cuba on the male population of voting age. These provisions limit the suffrage to such of the citizens of Cuba as are able to read and write. The males over 21 } 7 ears of age are classified primarily as whites born in Cuba, in Spain, or in other countries, or as colored, the last class including blacks, mixed, and Chinese. Each of these classes is then grouped according to citizenship—as Cuban citizenship; Spanish citizenship; citizenship in suspense, i. e., of Spanish subjects who at the date of the census had not decided whether to remain Spanish subjects or to become Cuban citizens; or as other foreign or unknown citizenship. Again, each of these classes is further divided, as to literacv, under the following heads: Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Have superior education. CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 A Hoen&CoBalto'Uth CITIZENSHIP. 101 The population of the island, as a whole, is classified as above out¬ lined in the first table, and in succeeding tables the population of each province and of the city of Habana are similarly classified. TOTAL OF THE ISLAND. Citizenship, literacy, and education. - All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total of voting age. 417,993 187,813 96,088 6,794 127,298 Cuban citizens. 290,905 184,471 142 78 106,214 Can neither read nor write. 172,627 94,301 34 13 • 78,279 Can road hut, can not write _ 4,132 2,089 1 2,042 Can read and write. 105; 285 79;452 99 39 25; 695 With superior education. 8,861 8,629 9 25 198 Spanish citizens. 9,500 144 9,341 6 9 Can neither read nor write. 1,149 18 1,126 1 4 Can read but can not write. 108 2 106 Can read and write. 7,929 105 7,816 3 5 With superior education. 314 19 293 2 Citizens in suspense. 76,669 1,296 75,249 37 87 Can neither read nor write. 16,945 312 16,590 7 36 Can read but can not write. 858 18 837 1 2 Can read and write. 56,704 861 55,771 24 48 With superior education. 2,162 105 2,051 6 1 Foreign and unknown citizens. 40,919 1,902 11,356 6,673 20,988 Can neither read nor write.. 26,641 191 7,434 872 18,144 Can read but can not write. 293 8 153 34 98 Can read and write. 11,914 1,152 3,682 4,377 2,703 With superior education. 2,071 551 87 1,390 43 The total number of males of voting age in Cuba was 417,993, or 26 per cent of the total population. This is a little less than the pro¬ portion, in 1890, in the United States, where it was 27 per cent. The excess of males of all ages in Cuba is somewhat greater than in the United States. Classifying the potential voters of Cuba by birthplace and race, it is seen that 44.9 per cent were whites, born in Cuba; that 30.5 per cent were colored, and as nearly all the colored were born in the island it is seen that fully seven-tenths of the potential voters of Cuba were native born, 23 per cent were born in Spain, and 1.6 per cent in other countries. Classifying the whole number of potential voters by citizenship, it is seen from the following table that 70 per cent were Cuban citizens, 2 per cent were Spanish citizens, 18 per cent were holding their citi¬ zenship in suspense, and 10 per cent were citizens of other countries, or their citizenship was unknown. 102 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Citizenship of males 21 years of age and over in Cuba. Citizenship. Cuban . Spanish. In suspense. Foreign or unknown Total. Number. Per cent of total males 21 years of age and over. 290,905 70 9,500 2 76,669 18 40,919 10 417,993 100 The degree of illiteracy of these classes was as follows: Citizenship. Unable to read. Citizenship. Unable to read.- Cuban. Per cent. 59 In suspense. Per cent. 22 Spanish. 12 Foreign or unknown. 65 The Cuban citizens, numbering 290,905, were composed almost entirely of persons born in. Cuba, there being among them but 220 white persons, and probably not more colored, of alien birth. The white Cuban citizens, who were natives of the island, numbered 184,471, and of these 94,301, or 51 per cent, were unable to read. The colored Cuban citizens numbered 106,214, of which not less than 78,279, or 74 per cent, were unable to read. The people of Cuba who claimed Spanish citizenship numbered 9,500, and of these nearly all were born in Spain, there being but 159 born elsewhere. Those whose citizenship was in suspense numbered 76,669. These also were nearly all of Spanish birth, the number born elsewhere being but 1,420. The number of persons of other or unknown citizenship was 40,919. Of these, fully one-half were colored, most of them being Chinese, and much the larger proportion of the remaining half were of Spanish birth. Summing up the situation, it appears that the total number of male* of voting age who could read was 200,631, a little less than half the total number of males of voting age. Of these 22,629 were of Spanish or other foreign citizenship or unknown citizenship. The number whose citizenship was in suspense was 59,724, and the number of Cuban citizens able to read was 118,278, or 59 per cent of all Cuban citizens of voting age. CENSUS OF CUBA, 1 899 CUBA BIRTHPLACE, CITIZENSHIP AND ILLITERACY OF MALES OF 21 YEARS AND OVER WHITES OF CUBAN BIRTH AND CUBAN CITIZENSHIP WHITES OF CUBAN BIRTH AND OTHER CITIZENSHIP WHITES OF SPANISH BIRTH, CITIZENSHIP IN SUSPENSE WHITES OF SPANISH BIRTH AND SPANISH CITIZENSHIP WHITES OF SPANISH BIRTH AND OTHER CITIZENSHIP WHITES BORN ELSEWHERE COLORED OF CUBAN CITIZENSHIP COLORED OF OTHER CITIZENSHIP ILLITERATE A KORN8,«X).BALT!MOHE 103 CITIZENSHIP. HABANA (PROVINCE). Citizenship, literacy, and education. All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total or voting age. 127,047 52,621 43,273 3,499 27,654 Cuban citizens. 73,939 51,153 36 45 22,705 Can neither read nor write. 30,345 16, 898 4 2 13,441 Can read but, ca,n not write.. 1,528 688 1 839 Can read and write. 37, 669 29,255 30 28 8,356 With superior education. 4,397 4,312 2 14 69 Spanish citizens. 4,718 49 4,661 5 3 Can neither read nor write. 380 4 374 1 1 Can read, but can not write. 52 52 Can read and write. 4,137 37 4,095 3 2 With superior education. 149 8 140 1 Citizens in suspense. 39,207 678 38,471 21 37 Can neither read nor write. 6,442 129 6, 300 2 11 Can read, but can not write. 491 9 479 1 2 Can read and write. 31,174 469 30,669 13 23 With superior education. 1,100 71 1,023 5 1 Foreign and unknown citizens. 9,183 741 105 3,428 4,909 Can neither read nor write. 4,188 11 8 248 3,921 Can read, but can not write. 57 1 15 41 Can read and write. 4,120 507 88 2,588 937 With superior education. 818 222 9 577 10 JIABANA CITY Citizenship, literacy, and education . . - All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total of voting age. 75,305 23,790 32,779 2,787 15,949 Cuban citizens. 35,460 22,729 23 37 12,671 Can neither read nor write. 8,304 2, 565 1 2 5,736 Can read, but can not write. 975 345 630 Can read and write. 22,790 16,507 20 23 6,240 With superior education. 3,391 3,312 2 12 65 Spanish citizens. 4,136 39 4,089 5 3 Can neither read nor write. 327 1 324 1 1 Can read, but can not write. 52 52 Can read and write. 3,623 30 3,588 3 2 With superior education. 134 8 125 1 Citizens in suspense. 29,079 450 28,589 15 25 Can neither.read nor write. 3,215 37 3,170 1 7 Can read, but can not write. 389 5 381 1 2 Can read and write. 24,581 347 24,211 8 15 With superior education. 894 61 827 5 1 Foreign and unknown citizens. 6,630 572 78 2,730 3,250 Can neither read nor write. 2,623 8 6 139 2,470 Can read, but can not write. 48 1 11 36 Can read and write. 3,253 386 64 2,067 736 With superior education. 706 177 8 513 8 104 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Of the greater subdivisions of the island of Cuba, Habana cit} T con¬ tains the largest proportion of foreign born, both as to total of popu¬ lation and of males over 21 years of age. The total number of potential voters in the city was 75,305, or 32 per cent of its entire population, a very large proportion, both as compared with the entire island and with the United States. This number of potential voters was composed, first, of whites born in Cuba, numbering 23,790, or 32 per cent of all. Of this number, 22,729, or 96 per cent, were Cuban citizens. The remainder, 1,061, were almost all in suspense as to citizenship, or were citizens of coun¬ tries other than Cuba or Spain. Only 39 native white Cubans were Spanish citizens. Second, of white persons born in Spain, who numbered no fewer than 32,779, or 44 per cent of all males of voting age, a much larger number and proportion than the Cuban whites. These natives of Spain comprised 4,089 citizens of Spain and 28,589 persons whose citi¬ zenship was in suspense. Only 23 persons of Spanish birth were Cuban citizens. Third, of whites of other countries, numbering 2,787, or 4 per cent. Nearly all of these were citizens of other countries. Fourth, colored, who numbered 15,959, or 21 per cent of the males of voting age. Of this number 12,671, or four-fifths, were Cuban citizens, the remainder consisting mainly of Chinese. As elsewhere in the island, Cuban citizens of Habana city were confined almost entirely to white or colored natives of Cuba. Their total number was 35,460, or 47 per cent, less than one-half of all males of voting age. The whites among them numbered 22,729, of whom only 2,565, or 11 per cent, were illiterate. The colored among them numbered 12,671, of whom 5,736, or 45 per cent, were illiterate. The total number of illiterates among the Cuban citizens of the city was 8,304, or 23 per cent, leaving as the total number of literate Cuban citizens of voting age 27,156. The citizens of Spain in the city numbered 4,136, including 327 illiterates and 3,809 literates. The number of persons whose citizen¬ ship was in suspense numbered 29,079, composed of 3,215 illiterates and 25,864 literates. It is seen that in case all those who were in sus¬ pense as to citizenship should declare in favor of Cuban citizenship, they would still be outnumbered slightly by the native literate Cuban citizens of voting age. Those of foreign or unknown citizenship num¬ bered 6,630, including 2,623 illiterates and 4,007 literates. The literate Cuban citizens of voting age formed 45 per cent of all literates of voting age. CITIZENSHIP. 105 HABANA PROVINCE (EXCLUDING CITY). Citizenship , literacy, and education. All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total of voting age. 61,742 28,831 10,494 712 11,705 Cuban citizens. 38,479 28,424 13 8 10,034 Can neither read nor write. 22,041 14,333 3 7, 705 Can read, but can not write. '553 343 1 209 Can read and write. 14,879 12,748 10 5 2,116 With superior education. 1,006 1,000 2 4 Spanish citizens... 582 10 572 Can neither read nor write. 53 3 50 Can read but can not write. Can read and write. 514 7 507 With superior education. 15 15 Citizens in suspense. 10,128 228 9,882 6 12 Can neither read nor write. 3,227 92 3,130 1 4 Can read, but can not write. 102 4 98 Can read and write. 6,593 122 6,458 5 8 With superior education. 206 10 196 Foreign and unknown citizens. 2,553 169 27 698 1,659 Can neither read nor write. 1,565 3 2 109 1,451 Can read, but can not write. 9 4 5 Can read and write. 867 121 24 521 201 With superior education. 112 45 1 64 2 The total number of males of voting age was 51,742, forming 27 per cent of the population. This number was composed, first, of 28,831 whites of Cuban birth, constituting 56 per cent of all males of voting age. All of these were Cuban citizens, with the exception of 407, most of whom were in suspense as to citizenship. Second, of 10,494 persons born in Spain, forming 20 per cent of all males of voting age. These included 572 citizens of Spain and 9,882 persons whose citizenship was in suspense. Only 13 out of this num¬ ber of persons of Spanish birth were Cuban citizens. Third, 712 persons born in other countries than Spain and Cuba, or of unknown nativity. Fourth, of 11,705 colored persons. These included 10,034 Cuban citizens, the remainder being mainly Chinese. The total number of Cuban citizens in the province, outside of Habana City, was 38,479, or 74 per cent of all persons of voting age. With the exception of 13 persons of Spanish birth and 8 born in other countries this body of Cuban citizens was composed of whites and of colored persons born in Cuba. The white citizens of Cuba numbered 28,424, 14,333 or about 50 per cent of whom were illiterates. The total number of illiterate Cuban voters of the province, outside of the city, was therefore 22,041, or 57 per cent, leaving as the number of REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CURA, 1899. 106 literate voters 16,438. The total number of literate males of voting age was 24,856, of which Cubans formed 66 per cent. MATAN3AS. m Citizenship , literacy, and education. All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total of voting age.. 55,595 21,320 10,217 665 23,393 Cuban citizens. 37,544 20,843 17 11 16,673 Can neither read nor write. 23,983 10,062 2 4 13,915 Pnn rpnd hut p.fl.n not write 543 281 262 Can read and write. 11,933 9,432 10 4 2,487 With superior education. 1,085 1,068 5 3 9 Snnnish pitizpns . 1,033 16 1,016 1 Cfin npither rpnd nor write.. 112 112 ' Pnn rend hilt ran not, write. 16 1 15 Pnn rend and write. 865 11 853 1 With simprior ('duration.. 40 4 36 Citizens in suspense. 5,798 91 5,705 1 1 Can neither read nor write. 749 6 741 1 1 Pnn rend hut pan not write . 62 2 60 Pflii rpnd nnd writ.P 4,732 77 4,655 With snnprior pdnpation.. '255 6 '249 Foreign and unknown citizens. 11,220 370 3,479 653 6,718 Can neither read nor write. 8,677 88 2,279 132 6,178 Can read, but can not write. 77 2 56 1 18 Can read and write. 2,195 201 1,108 365 521 With superior education. 271 79 36 155 1 The total number of males over 21 } T ears of age is 55,595, or 27.5 per cent of the total population of the province. This total number of potential voters is composed, first, of 21,320 whites born in Cuba, of whom all except 477 are Cuban citizens; second, 10,217 whites born in Spain, of whom only a trifling number were Cuban citizens; 1,016, or about 10 per cent, were Spanish citizens; 5,705, or more than one- half, were in suspense as to citizenship, and 3,479, or about one-third, were citizens of other countries, or their citizenship was unknown; third, of 665 whites born in other countries, and fourth, of 23,393 colored, including blacks, mixed, and Chinese. Of these 16,673 were Cuban citizens, and 6,718 were citizens of foreign countries, or their citizenship was unknown. The last number, of course, includes Chinese. Of the above number of potential voters of the province, namely, 55,595, citizens of Cuba numbered altogether 37,544, or 68 per cent of the total number; Spanish citizens numbered 1,033, or 2 per cent; those whose citizenship was in suspense numbered 5,798, or 10 per cent, while the citizens of other countries and those whose citizenship was unknown numbered 11,220, or 20 per cent of the total number. The number of Cuban citizens above given, namely, 37,544, was CITIZENSHIP. 107 composed of 20,843 native white persons of Cuban birth, forming 56 per cent of the whole number; of 16,673 colored persons, forming 44 per cent, and the trilling remainder were born in Spain or other countries. Of the native white Cuban citizens above mentioned 10,062, or 48 per cent, were unable to read, and of the colored Cuban citizens 13,915, or 83 per cent, were similarly illiterate. Of the total number of Cuban citizens in this province 64 per cent were unable to read. The total number of Cuban citizens able to read was 13,561, out of a total of all citizens able to read of 22,074, or 61 per cent. ITNAR DEL RIO. Citizenship, literacy , and education. All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total of voting age. 43,750 24,324 8,2-42 308 10,876 Cuban citizens. 33,479 24,104 6 9,369 Can neither read nor write. 25,424 234 17,118 1 8,305 71 Can read, but can not write. 163 Can read and write. 7,415 6,422 401 5 988 With superior education. '406 5 Spanish citizens. 662 16 646 Can neither read nor write. 54 3 51 Can read, but can not write. 5 5 Can read and write. 593 13 580 With superior education. 10 10 Citizens in suspense. 7,755 171 7,577 1 6 Can neither read nor write. 3,140 56 91 3,048 55 1 Can read, but can not write. 1 Can read and write. 4,439 120 76 4,357 117 1 5 With superior education. 3 Foreign and unknown citizens. 1,854 33 13 307 1,501 Can neither read nor write. 1,553 10 4 1 105 1,443 1 Can read, but can not write. 9 Can read and write. 260 22 11 170 57 With superior education. 31 7 1 23 The total number of males 21 years of age and over of this province was 43,750, amounting to 25 per cent of the total population. This number was composed, first, of 24,324 whites, born in Cuba, of whom all excepting 220 were Cuban citizens; second, of 8,242 whites of Spanish birth, of whom only a trifling number were Cuban citizens, 646 were citizens of Spain, while the citizenship of 7,577 was in suspense; third, of 308 whites born in other countries than in Cuba or Spain, and, fourth, 10,876 colored, including black, mixed, and Chinese. Of these 9,369 were Cuban citizens, while 1,507 were citizens of other countries or of unknown citizenship. Of the total number of males, 21 years and over, in this province, 77 per cent were Cuban citizens, leaving 23 per cent citizens of other 108 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. countries. This body of Cuban citizens is made up almost entirely of whites and colored persons who were born in Cuba, the number of per¬ sons of Spanish birth or other foreign birth being trifling. Of the whites born in Cuba who were Cuban citizens not less than 71 percent were reported as unable to read, while of the colored citizens no less than 89 per cent were unable to read, and of the total number of Cuban citizens in the province 76 per cent, or more than three-fourths, were illiterate. It is because of the high percentage of illiterac} T in this prov¬ ince that it has been called the “dark province” of Cuba. The total number of males of 21 years of age and over who were able to read was 13,579. Of this number, 8,055, or 59 per cent, were Cuban citizens. PUERTO PRINCIPE. Citizenship, literacy, and education. All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total of voting age. 20,181 12,518 2,982 261 4,420 Cuban citizens. 15,759 12,361 4 2 3,392 Can neither read nor write. 7,810 6,037 1 1,772 Can read but can not write. 818 '214 104 Can read and write. 0,972 5,475 2 1 1,494 With superior education. 659 635 1 1 22 Spanish citizens. 446 25 420 1 Can neither read nor write. 224 9 214 1 Can read, but can not write. 10 10 Can read and write. 189 13 176 With superior education . 23 3 20 Citizens in suspense. 2,605 56 2,547 2 Can neither read nor write. 783 10 773 Can read, but can not write. 43 43 Can read and write. 1,607 40 1,565 2 With superior education. 172 6 166 Foreign and unknown citizens. 1,371 76 11 259 1,025 Can neither read nor write. 904 5 8 14 877 Can read, but can not write. 12 1 1 10 Can read and write. 281 24 1 119 137 With superior education. 174 46 2 125 1 This, the smallest province of the island in point of population, contained but 20,181 males 21 years of age and over, being 23 per cent of the population of the province. It was composed, first, of 12,518 whites born in Cuba, of which number all but 157 were Cuban citizens; second, of 2,982 whites born in Spain, 420 of whom were citizens of Spain, and the citizenship of 2,547 was in suspense; third, of 261 whites born in other countries, and, fourth, of 4,420 colored, including negro, mixed, and Chinese. Of these 1,025 were of foreign or unknown citizenship, w hile 3,392 were citizens of Cuba. Of the total number of males 21 years of age and over, 15,759, or CITIZENSHIP. 109 78 per cent, were Cuban citizens. This number was made up almost entirely of native white and colored Cubans, the number of persons born in Spain or in other countries being trifling. Of the native white Cuban citizens, 49 per cent, or nearly one-half, were illiterate, and of the colored citizens, 52 per cent, or a little more than one-half. About one-half, therefore, of the Cuban citizens, taken as a whole, were unable to read. Of the total number of males of voting age, 10,460, or 52 per cent, were able to read. The Cuban citizens able to read numbered 7,949, or 76 per cent of all literate males of voting age. SANTA CLARA. Citizenship , literacy , and education. • All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total of voting age.-. 100,113 45,534 21,953 899 31,727 Cuban citizens. 71,462 44,976 66 11 26,409 Can neither read nor write. 46,084 25,118 22 6 20,938 road hut. ran not write. 915 520 395 Can read and write. 23,475 18,374 43 4 5,054 With superior education. 988 964 1 1 22 Spanish citizens. 1,481 32 1,447 1 1 Can neither read nor write. 88 2 86 Can read but can not write. 17 1 16 ftan rpad and write. 1,330 25 1,304 i With superior education. 46 4 41 1 Citizens in suspense. 12,947 182 12,744 2 19 Can neither read nor write. 3,043 41 2,992 10 Can read, but can not write. 117 4 il3 Can read and write. 9,556 125 9,420 2 9 With superior education. 231 12 219 Foreign and unknown citizens. 14,223 344 7,696 885 5,298 Can neither read nor write. 10,304 73 5,113 262 4,856 Can read, but can not write. 123 3 95 6 19 Can read and write. 3,557 210 2,455 472 420 With superior education. 239 58 33 145 3 The total number of males 21 years of age and over in this province was 100,113, or 28 per cent of the total population. This total num¬ ber was composed, first, of 45,534 whites of Cuban birth, all of whom, excepting 558, were citizens of Cuba; second, of 21,953 whites born in Spain, of whom 66 only were citizens of Cuba; 1,447 were citizens of Spain, and 7,696 were citizens of other countries or their citizen¬ ship was unknown, while 12,744, or considerably more than half of the whites of Spanish birth, were “ in suspense;” that is, they had not yet decided upon their future citizenship; third, of the total number 899 were born in other countries, and, as a rule, their citizenship followed the country of birth; and, fourth, of 31,727 colored persons, including black, mixed, and Chinese. Of these 26,409 were Cuban 110 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. citizens and 5,298 were citizens of other or unknown countries, most of them being Chinese. The total number of Cuban citizens in this province was 71,162, or 71 per cent of all persons 21 years of age and over; the citizens of Spain formed but 2 per cent of the total; those in suspense formed 13 per cent, and the citizens of other or unknown countries formed 11 per cent. The above number of Cuban citizens was composed almost entirely of the two classes of white and colored of Cuban birth. There w T as a trilling number of persons of Spanish birth and of those born in other countries who claimed Cuban citizenship, but their number is too small to be worth consideration in this connection. The white Cuban citizens numbered 11,976, or 63 per cent of the total number of Cuban citizens. Of these 25,118, or 56 per cent, were unable to read. The number of colored Cuban citizens was 26,109, or 37 per cent of all, and of these not less than 20,938, or 79 per cent, were unable to read. The total number of males of voting age who were able to read was 10,591, or 11 per cent of all males of voting age. The Cuban citizens able to read numbered 25,378, or 63 per cent of all able to read. SANTIAGO DE CUBA. Citizenship, literacy , and education. * All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total voting age. 71,307 31,496 9,421 1,162 29,228 Cuban citizens. 58,722 31,034 13 9 27,666 Can neither read nor write. 38,981 19,068 4 1 19,908 Can read but, can not write. 59-1 223 371 Can read and write. 17,821 10,494 9 2 7,316 With superior education. 1,326 1,249 6 71 Spanish citizens. _ 1,160 6 1,151 3 Can neither read nor write. 291 289 2 Can read but can not write. 8 8 Can read and write. 815 6 808 i With superior education. 46 46 Citizens in suspense. 8,357 118 8,205 12 22 Can neither read nor write. 2,788 35 2,736 4 13 Can read but can not, write.. 89 2 87 Can read and write. 5,196 74 5,105 8 9 With superior education. 284 7 277 Foreign and unknown citizens. 3,068 338 52 1,141 1,537 Can neither read nor write. 1,015 10 25 111 869 Can read, but can not write. 14 1 2 2 9 Can read and write. 1,501 188 19 663 631 With superior education. 538 139 6 365 28 The total number of males 21 years of age and over in this province was 71,307, or 22 per cent of the population of the province. CITIZENSHIP. Ill This number was composed— First, of white persons born in Cuba, to the number of 31,496, or 41 per cent of all, nearly all of these being Cuban citizens; Second, of whites of Spanish birth, numbering 9,421, or 13 per cent of all; of this number much the larger proportion were in suspense as to their future citizenship; Third, whites born in other countries, to the number of 1,162, or 2 per cent of all; and, Fourth, colored, including black, mixed, and Chinese, to the number of 29,228, which formed 41 per cent of the total number of voting age, most of whom were of Cuban birth and Cuban citizenship. The total number of Cuban citizens was 58,722, or 82 per cent of all males over 21 years of age. This was composed of 31,056 whites and 27,666 colored. Of the total number of Cuban citizens 38,981, or 66 per cent, were unable to read; of the white Cuban citizens 61 per cent and of the colored Cuban citizens 72 per cent were illiterate. Spanish citizens numbered 1,160, or 2 per cent of all. The illiterates among them numbered 291, forming 25 per cent. Those in suspense were mainly of Spanish birth, numbering 8,357, or 12 per cent of all males over 21 years of age. Among these the illiterates numbered 2,788, or 33 per cent. The number of persons who were citizens of other countries than Cuba or Spain, or whose citizenship was unknown, numbered 3,068, forming 4 per cent of all. Of these 1,015, or 33 per cent, were unable to read or write. The total number of males of voting age who were able to read was 28,232, or 40 per cent of all males of voting age. Of these 19,741, ox- 70 per cent, were Cuban citizens. The following table brings together the proportion which the males of voting age bear to the population in the several provinces and the city of Habana, the proportion being least in the province of Santiago and greatest in the city of Habana: Proportion of males of voting age to population. Province. Per cent. Province. Per cent. Santiago. 22 Matanzas. 27. 5 Puerto Principe. 23 Santa Clara. 28 32 Pinar del Rio. 25 Habana city. Habana, excluding city. 27 The following table brings together the proportion of the literate males of voting age who were born in Cuba to all literate males of vot¬ ing age in the several provinces and the city of Habana. It is seen that this proportion is least in Habana city, whei’e less than half the literate votei’s ai'e of Cuban birth, and is greatest in Puerto Principe, where they constitute more than thi’ee-fourths. 112 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Proportion of literate males of voting age who were born in Cuba to all literate males of voting age. Province. Per cent. Province. Per cent. Habana city. 45 Habana, excluding city. 66 Pinar del Rio. 59 Santiago._. 70 76 Matanzas. Cl Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. 63 ( h STATISTICS OF FAMILIES. 1 family, in the ordinary or popular sense of the word, means a >Toup of persons bound together by ties of kindred. Usually they live together, but this is not necessarily involved in the word, for a married son or daughter occupying a separate house is regarded as still a member of the family. On the other hand, not all persons who live with the family are deemed members, for servants, laborers, or board¬ ers are excluded. The census finds such a definition of the family inapplicable to its field of work. The test of kindred can not be applied by the enumer¬ ator. In many cases families of relatives are dispersed through the community, returns about them come through different enumerators, and their names and the facts about them can not be assembled on the schedules or tabulated together. Accordingly in this field, as in sev¬ eral others, the census is forced to abandon the effort to bring together data that belong together and confine itself to the simpler and more practicable task of tabulating together data that are found by the enu¬ merators conjoined. The census test of a family is not kinship b} T blood, but association in home life. Persons living in the same home are for census purposes members of the same family. In census usage, therefore, the word u family’’ means the group of people, whether related by blood or not, who share a common dwelling and table. If one person sleeps and eats alone, he constitutes for cen¬ sus purposes a family. On the other hand, if a large group of people sleep and eat in a common dwelling, like a hotel or convent, they make up a single census family. Census families, therefore, may be divided into two classes: Natural families or families in the popular sense of that word, and “other families.” Members of a natural family are bound together primarily by ties of kindred. Members of other families are bound together primarily b} r other motives, usually of an economic character. The latter may perhaps without great vio¬ lence to the facts be called economic families. These two classes of motives may and often do coexist, but the family should be classed with natural families or with economic families according to the class of motives which is primary. For example, a family having only one boarder should doubtless be grouped with natural families, but a fam- SIZE OF FAMILIES. 113 ily in which the boarders largely outnumber the blood relatives should be grouped with economic families. SIZE OF FAMILIES. (See Table XXXIX.) The limits of size are much wider in the economic family than in the natural family. The economic family may consist of one person living alone, of two partners living together at their place of business, of three or more boarders living with a housekeeper, or of hundreds of guests, nuns, or prisoners living together in a hotel, convent, or prison. On the basis of number of members alone no sharp lines can be drawn between natural families and economic families. Still, the only classification of census families presented in the tables of this volume is that by size, and on this basis, therefore, an attempt may perhaps be ventured to divide census families into two classes, one of which should consist mainly of natural families and the other mainly of economic families. As a natural family can not be composed of a single member, the lower limit of size for a natural family may be drawn with confidence between two members and one. The higher limit is more vague and uncertain. Yet it seems that if all families of more than ten persons are grouped as economic families, a large proportion, if not a majority, of the persons in them might be assumed to be living apart from their kindred—that is, as farm laborers in their employer’s family, or as boarders, lodgers, or residents of hotels, schools, prisons, or other institutions treated by the census as a family, but not so regarded in ordinary speech. On this basis, therefore, the families in Cuba may be divided into the following three groups: 1. Families of one member. 2. Families of two to ten members. 3. Families of more than ten members. Of these groups the second consists mainly of natural families, the first entirely and the third largely, if not mainly, of economic families. Families of one member .—This class in Cuba numbered 30,614, or 1.95 per cent of the population, while in the United States and Porto Rico the corresponding per cents were only 0.74 and 0.82 respectively. The first hypothesis that arises to explain the relatively large number of Cubans living alone is that many families may have broken apart by the events of the last few years. But when the provinces and Habana City are examined separately, Pinar del Rio is found to have had much the smallest ratio of persons living out of families and Habana City the largest. While this result disproves the hypothesis just mentioned, it suggests another, viz, that the proportion living 24662-8 114 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. out of families may be connected with the proportion of urban popu¬ lation. The following table tests the second theory: / Province or city. Per cent of urban popula¬ tion 8,000 (+). Per cent of popu¬ lation liv¬ ing in families of 1 mem¬ ber. Habana City. 100 3.96 Matanzas province. 28.8 2.41 Puerto Principe province. 28.4 2.48 Santa Clara province. 22.5 1.48 Habana province (excluding Habana City). 22.1 1.67 Santiago province. 17.5 1.40 Pinar del Rio province. 5.1 .70 This table shows that the proportion of persons in Cuba living alone varies directly with the proportion of urban population, or, in paradoxical form, as people crowd together into cities living alone becomes more common. To test this inference still further, the fol¬ lowing table has been prepared: Total pop¬ ulation. Popula¬ tion in families of 1 mem¬ ber. Per cent of total popu¬ lation. 14 cities separately reported. 491,504 1,081,293 15,806 14,808 3.2 Rest of Cuba. 1.4 In less than half a million urban residents there were more persons living alone than in the million of rural population, and in the cities the per cent of persons living alone was more than double what it was in the country. In each of the fourteen cities separately reported the per cent of such persons is higher than the rural average. The range of per cents for these cities is from Puerto Principe (4.1) and Habana (4) to Pinar del Rio (1.8) and Trinidad (1.8). Families of 11 or more members .—Such families in Cuba included 202,175 persons, or 12.9 per cent of the entire population—that is, between 0 and 7 times as many persons were living in these big families as were living alone. In this respect Cuba differs widely from the United States, where only 6.7 per cent of the population lived in such families, and from the South Central States of this country, where race conditions and agriculture are somewhat like those of Cuba, but where the proportion of population in families of more than 10 mem¬ bers was the same as the average for the entire United States. As hotels, boarding houses, and institutions are more common in cities than in the country, the hypothesis suggests itself that these large census families, like the very small ones, are most common in the cities. A. Hoen & Cc Balto' Lifh CENSUS OF CUBA, 1 899 CITY OF HABANA SEX, RACE, AND NATIVITY CONJUGAL CONDITION c SIN 3 LE V AR RIE D 1 1 VIN J - ■ ■ ■ V. IDO'WEb !— LITERARY AND EDUCATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER BIRTHPLACE — 30F IN IN CL JBA BC DRts 1 N 5 SPA IN ..L i - CITIZENSHIP CU BA SI C sit ZE NS * A N 1 g H arr tth □ i M SUSPENSE j ! r 1 _ _ OTHER Cl'TIZj ;NSHIP | A HOEK a CO. BALTIMORE. SIZE OF FAMILIES. 115 The following table tests the conjecture. • Total pop¬ ulation. Popula¬ tion in families of 11 + members. Per cent of total popula- w tion. 14 cities separately reported. Rest of Cuba. 491,504 1,081,293 58,675 143,500 11.9 13.3 These very large families therefore were more common, or at least embraced a larger proportion of the population, not in cities, but in the rural districts. Still the difference is but slight. The per cent of population in the rural districts living in these very large families was least in Santiago (11 per cent) and greatest in Pinar del Rio (17 per cent). In Matanzas and Habana it was 12 per cent, in Puerto Principe and Santa Clara Id per cent. Among the Id cities the proportion of population living in very large families was perceptiblv less in those tying in the eastern half of Cuba. Families of from % to 10 members .—As Cuba had a much larger pro¬ portion of its population in economic families than had the United States, it follows necessarily that the proportion of the population liv¬ ing in natural families or families within the ordinary range of sizes was less. While in the United States nearly 93 per cent (92.6) of the pop¬ ulation were living in families of 2 to 10 members, in Cuba only 85 per cent (85.2) were so living. The proportion of population living in fam¬ ilies of this size varied in different provinces as follows: Provinces. Per cent of popu¬ lation in families of 2 to 10 mem¬ bers. Provinces. Per cent of popu¬ lation in families of 2 to 10 mem¬ bers. Habana City. 82.1 Matanzas. 85.9 Pinar del Rio. 83.9 Habana, excluding city. 86.4 Santa Clara. 84.9 Santiago. 87.7 Puerto Principe. 85.6 The small proportion of persons in such families in Habana was con¬ nected with the large representation of very small and very large fam¬ ilies, while in Pinar del Rio it was connected with the proportion of large families, so great as to more than offset the very small number of persons living alone. These families having from 2 to 10 members may conveniently be subdivided into three classes: Small families—that is, those having 2, 3, or d members; families of medium size—that is, those having 5, 6, or 7 members, and large families—that is, those having 8, 9, or 10 members. The members of natural families, or families having REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 116 between 2 and 10 members, in each province have been thus subdi¬ vided, with results shown in the following table: 9 Province. Absolute number of persons in fami¬ lies of— Percentage of persons in families of 2 to 10 mem¬ bers living in— 2 to 10 members. 2 to 4 mem¬ bers, i. e., small families. 5 to 7 mem¬ bers, i. e., families of medi¬ um size. 8 to 10 mem¬ bers, i. e., large families. Small families. Families of medi¬ um size. Large families. Ilabana, excluding city. 163,214 56,011 70,488 36,715 34.3 43.2 22.5 Habana city. 193,750 80, 912 74,584 38,2.54 41.8 38.5 19.7 Matanzas. 173,897 62,838 72, 683 38,376 36.1 41.8 22.1 Pinar del Rio. 143,388 38,608 62,757 42,023 26.9 43.8 29.3 Puerto Principe. 75,559 23,805 30,609 21,145 31.5 40.5 28.0 Santa Clara. 302, 665 97,126 129,825 75,714 32.1 42.9 25.0 Santiago de Cuba. 287,535 84,028 122,147 81,360 29.2 42.5 28.3 Cuba. 1,340,008 443,328 563,093 333,587 33.1 42.0 24.9 Apparently the size of families among white and colored in Cuba was about the same. For in the preceding table the percentages for Santiago, where there were most colored, differed little from those for Puerto Principe, where there were most whites. Families of 2 to 1 members included about one-third of all the per¬ sons living in families of 2 to 10 persons—that is, the great number of such families just compensated for their small size. Large families on the contraiy, i. e., those with 8 to 10 members, were so few relatively that the number of persons living in them was only one-fourth of the total. The deficiency in this group must be made up, as it is, in the group of medium-sized families, 5 to 7 members, in which over two- fifths of the population in the entire group lived. The following table shows the proportion of the total population of Cuba living in families of specified size, and for purposes of compari¬ son columns have been added giving the same ratios for the United States and Porto Rico: Number of members in family. Per mille living specific bers. Cuba. of total pc in famili d number Porto Rico. ipulation es with of mem- United States (1890). 1. 19 8 7 9 64 43 53 3. 98 85 101 4. 120 116 153 5. 126 135 141 6. 122 135 136 109 122 121 8. 90 102 96 9. 70 81 69 10. 52 58 56 11-+-. 130 115 67 Total. 1,000 1,000 1,000 Average size of family. 4.8 5.3 4.9 CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 CUBA NUMBER OF FAMILIES, AND OF PERSONS, CLASSIFIED » BY SIZE OF FAMILIES A HOENaCO BALTIMORE SIZE OF FAMILIES AND MARITAL CONDITION. 117 In comparing Cuba with the United States, as one may from the figures of the preceding table, it appears that the average size of the family in Cuba was somewhat less than in America. Small families of 1 or 2 members and also very large families of 11 members or above were more common in Cuba, while families of medium range, from 3 to 10 (with a slight exception at 9), were more common in the United States. The smaller average size of the family in Cuba was apparently due to the great number of families of one or two members. The differences which appear from a comparison of Cuba with Porto Rico are similar but somewhat more sharp. Small families—that is, those of from 1 to 4 members—and also large families of over 11 members, were relatively more numerous in Cuba than in Porto Pico, while, on the other hand, families of from 5 to 10 members were more prevalent in Porto Rico. In both these islands the proportion of persons living in very large families was about double what it was in the United States. MARITAL CONDITION. (See Tables XV to XVIII.) A natural family, in distinction from groups of persons called fam¬ ilies only by the census, usually originates when a man and a woman begin to live with each other and apart from their kindred. If the man or the woman goes to live with the kindred of the other party, the census does not regard this as a new family. Under American law such a commencement of cohabitation is usually preceded by an expression of social approval on the union in the form of a marriage ceremony, civil or religious. American legislation tends to encourage such public announcement of the intent of the parties by making the ceremony easy and inexpensive. American courts also incline to hold parties married, if they were legally able to marry and intended to do so, even though they did not meet all the requirements of the law. For example, emancipated slaves in the United States have usually been held to be married to the persons with whom they were cohabiting and the court has not insisted that a ceremony should be proved. The Spanish law, on the contrary, like the law of most Catholic countries, holds that a ceremony of marriage is necessary to institute a lawful relation of husband and wife, and under its provisions the intent of the parties is by no means so decisive a factor as it is under American decisions. As a result of the transitional condition of affairs in Cuba when the present census was taken, a class of persons has been recognized who would not be legal husband and wife, or legal parent and child, under Spanish law, but in most cases would be under American law. These are persons who were living together as husband and wife without 118 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. legal sanction of their union and also the children of such persons. While this census thus recognizes a marital class in addition to such as ordinarily appears in statistical returns, it omits one class commonly reported—that of divorced persons. The reason for this is that divorce is not allowed by Spanish or Cuban law. The classes which do appear are (1) the single, within which is included everyone who has never been lawfully married and who on the census day was not living without legal sanction as the husband or wife of another; (2) those living together by 7 mutual consent but without sanction of law as husband and wife; (3) those living together in lawful wedlock, and (4) those who have been lawfully married, but whose marriage before the census day had been ended by the death of the other party. These may be roughly classed as the never married, the partly married, the fully mar¬ ried, and the widowed. The married. From the point of view of the family, perhaps the primary group among these four is the lawfully married. The number of such persons reported by the present census is 246,351, or between one-sixth and one- seventh (15. 7 per cent) of the total population. The only two preceding censuses, we believe, in which the same information was reported are those of 1841 and 1861. In 1841 8 per cent and in 1861 16.5 per cent of the population were married. The proportion of married has thus decreased slightly 7 in the last thirty-eight years—a decrease the more surprising when one considers that during the same period, as shown in the discussion of sex (p. 81), the relative number of females has rapidly increased, and the sexes become much more nearly equal in numbers. As the present proportion of children in Cuba is below that in 1861, the proportion of married to the adidt population has decreased faster than these figures would indicate. The present proportion is somewhat less than that in Porto Rico (16.6 per cent) and less than half that in the United States in 1890 (35.7 per cent). As the attitude of American law toward marriage is widely different from that of Spanish law, it may be fairer to compare Cuban conditions in this regard with those of Catholic Europe. In every one of the great countries in Europe except Ireland and Scotland the proportion of married persons in the total population is at least twice what it is in Cuba. The same is true of Mexico, where, by the census of 1895, 31 per cent were reported as married. Among the other West Indian islands too, for which information is obtainable, notwithstanding the great proportion of negroes in many of them, and the readiness of members of that recently emancipated race to establish a family with¬ out an initial ceremony of marriage, the proportion of married is some¬ what higher than in Cuba—Martinique (10.8 per cent married) and Trinidad (14.4 per cent married) being the only 7 exceptions. If, as is CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 < CQ Z) o O Ll. o CL < H Z -• LU -* o £E lli * * Q. to CO OJ *— 00 T_ OJ in T “ Z f— ■>— o: < LU I > H- o co CO LU A. Hoen & Co Ba'lto" Lifh THE MARRIED. 119 commonly asserted, a low proportion of married usually witnesses to poverty and distress, the proportion in Cuba, lower than almost any¬ where else and lower than in 1861 , may be partly due to her recent economic disasters. The proportion of married to population varied in the provinces of Cuba as appears from the following* table: Province. Per cent of population married. Puerto Principe. 19.5 Habana (excluding city) . 18.8 Habana city. 17.8 Santa Clara. 16.0 Pinar del Rio. 15.7. Matanzas. 13.4 Santiago. 12.3 Cuba. 15.7 The two adjoining eastern provinces had' respectively the lowest and highest proportions of married. Some reasons for this difference will appear later. Whether the married persons in Cuba were found more in cities or in the country is shown by the following table: Total popula¬ tion. Married. District. Number. Per cent. Fourteen cities. 491,504 1,081,293 82,226 164,125 16.7 15.3 Rest of island... This seems to show that marriage was more common in the urban districts of Cuba. But such a difference might arise from a grouping of the cities mainly in provinces where marriage was most common. Hence in the following table the analysis is pushed one step farther: Per cent married in— Province. Urban dis- Rural dis- tricts. tricts. Habana. 17. 7 19.1 Matanzas. 15.8 12.4 Pinar del Rio. 14.9 15.6 Puerto Principe. 19.7 19.4 Santa Clara. 15.1 16.2 Santiago. 14.0 12.0 Cuba. 16.5 15.0 This table brings to light differences between the provinces which were hidden in the summary. In two provinces, Habana and Santa Clara, marriage was more prevalent in the rural districts; in the other four the reverse was true. Puerto Principe and Habana led in propor¬ tion of married, both in the urban and in the rural districts, and in 120 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. both classes Santiago was the last. But in the other three provinces the position of the urban groups did not agree with that of the rural population. In the proportion of married to the total population, the cities stood as follows: City. Per cent married. City. Per cent married. Regia. 21.0 Sancti Spiritus. 15.4 Puerto Principe. 19.7 Trinidad. 15.2 Habana . 17.8 Guanabacoa . 14.7 Pinar del Rio. 17.2 Santa Clara. 14.2 Cardenas. 16.6 Sagua la Grande. 13.5 Cienfuegos . 16.0 Santiago. 13.3 Matanzas. 15.4 Manzanillo. 11.7 The relatively high proportion of married in the capital and its suburb, Regia, and the low position of the two cities in Santiago province are noteworthy. But why Guanabacoa should rank so much below the other two cities of Habana province or the cities of Matan- zas and Santa Clara provinces should come next to those of Santiago does not appear. The married classified by sex .—Among the married 125,067 were males and 121,281 were females. The proportion of each sex who were married is shown in the following table: Sex. Total. Married. Number. Per cent. Males. 815,205 757,592 125,067 121,284 15.3 16.0 Females. The proportion of married women to the total of that sex was above the proportion of married men, and, if one assumes that the number of men having lawful wives on the island was no greater than the reported number of married women, the ratio of such men to all males (14.9 per cent) was over 1 per cent below that of the married women to all females. The excess in the number of married males was found mainly in Habana province, about seven-tenths of it being- concentrated there. This fact suggests that the excess of husbands was probably due to the immigration of married men without their wives. The only previous census giving comparable facts is that of 1801. At that time 14.8 per cent of the males and 18.7 p'er cent of the females were married, and the difference between the two sexes was over five times what it now is. The change is doubtless connected with the growing numerical equality between the sexes. The married classified by aye .—Marriage never extends through the entire life. All persons are born single and probably only a minority attain adult years and marry. The age at which marriage occurs CENSUS OF CUBA, 1 899 CUBA CONJUGAL CONDITION BY RACE, SEX, AND AGE TOTAL POPULATION MALE FEMALE Over 65 55-65 45-55 35-45 25-35 15-25 Under 15 r - — 1 i i L r . ,, 1 r 1 Tl 1 1 i I ' 1 L L be 1 1 L 1 , NATIVE WHITE MALE FEMALE Over 65 55-65 45-55 35-45 25-35 15-25 Under 15 COLORED MALE FEMALE Over 65 55-65 45-55 35-45 25-35 15-25 Under 15 •m 3r T I I T I -1- - 1 i 1 i , 1 1 i 1 ,1 1 U . . 1 ! i , i 1 1 i J 1 _ . ... . 1 , 1, I. 1 ! ! 1 1 I ; 1 ML , I _ r "■" • li PerCent. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 SINGLE LIVING TOGETHER BY MUTUAL CONSENT MARRIED WIDOWED A.KOEN&CO BALTIMORE 121 THE MARRIED CLASSIFIED BY AGE. varies with sex, class, and social customs. Of the minority who marry half become widows or widowers before their own death. The likelihood of this separation increases with age. Hence, it is of fundamental importance to study the age composition of the married. It is usual to assume that marriage does not begin with either sex until the age of 15. In fact the present census showed 67 persons under 15 to be married, but probably some of these are enumerators’ errors. When the children under 15 are excluded, the proportion between those of marriageable age and those actually married becomes more significant. It is as follows: Country. Population 15 years and over. Married. Total. Per cent. Cuba.. 995,761 246,351 24.7 Porto Rico. 534,941 158,570 29.6 United States (1890). 40,380,050 22,329,990 55. 3 In a former paragraph (p. 118) it was shown that the proportion of married in Cuba was slightly below that in Porto Rico and lower than anywhere else in the West Indies except Trinidad and Martinique. From this table it appears that when adults alone are considered the difference between Porto Rico and Cuba is increased, since Cuba had few and Porto Rico very many young children. In Trinidad, if the East Indians be excluded, the proportion of married in the adult population (29 per cent) was decidedly greater than in Cuba, so that among adults marriage is apparently less common in Cuba than else¬ where in the West Indies except Martinique. The following table shows the number of persons living in each age group and the number and per cent reported as married: Age period. Number of persons. Married. Per cent married in United States (1890). Number. Per cent. 15-19. 178,035 5,753 3.2 5.0 20-24. 152, 959 23,495 15.4 32.8 25-29. 137, 405 39,538 28.8 61.7 30-34. 118,812 44,060 37.1 75.3 35-44. 185,056 72, 637 39.3 80.0 45-54. 117,528 38, 788 33.0 79.3 55-64. 68,182 16,381 24.0 71.8 65+. 37,699 5, 624 14.9 53.3 Unknown . 85 8 9.4 33.1 Total. 995,761 246,284 24.7 55.3 From this table it appears that the relative number of married among Cubans between 15 and 20 was rather more than half what it was in the United States; that from 20 to 45 the number was very close co half, but at later periods it diminished until it was between one-third and one-fourth the American proportion. 122 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Early marriage was apparently somewhat more common in Cuba relative to the total number of marriages than in the United States. Of the total number married 2.1 per cent were below 20 years of age while in the United States the corresponding per cent was only 1.5. The maximum proportion of married was in the age period 35-11, at which about two persons out of every live were married. The low proportion of married in the later age periods may be a result of the fact that when such persons were young the obstacles to marriage were greater owing to the high ratio of males, since forty years ago nearly three-fifths of all whites on the island were male. As the number of married at each age period varies widely accord¬ ing to sex, the analysis of provinces will be given in detail under the topic of age and sex. In the following table the per cent of all adults (15+) who were married is given by provinces. As it has previously been shown that the married were most numerous in Puerto Principe and least numerous in Santiago, similar relations may be expected to appear in the present table. Province. Per cent of adults (15+) who were mar¬ ried. Percent of population of all ages who were married. Puerio Principe. 34.1 19.5 Habana (excludingcity). 28.5 18.8 Pinar del Rio. 25.8 15.7 Santa Clara. 25.0 16.0 Habana (city).. 24.8 17.8 Santiago. 21.8 12.3 Matanzas. 20.5 13.4 Cuba. 24.7 15.7 One-fourth of all persons over 15 were married and the fraction varies from one-fifth in Matanzas to one-third in Puerto Principe. In the United States one-half the adults (55.3 per cent) were married. The large proportion of married in Puerto Principe is obscured in the last column above by the very large proportion of persons under 15 in that province. Among its adults Matanzas had fewer married than Santiago. Habana city, having relatively very few children, makes a < J 7 O %J better showing, therefore, in the last column above than the facts warrant when analyzed by age. The first column above shows the proportion of adults in Habana city to be almost exactly the same as the average for the whole island. The married classified by sex and age .—It is a familiar fact that men usually marry several years later in life than women. Hence it is important to supplement the foregoing analysis by one which exam¬ ines the marital condition of the two sexes separately by age periods, as is done in the following table. The figures for the United States are introduced for purposes of comparison. THE MARRIED CLASSIFIED BY SEX. 123 Age period Per cent married in Cuba among total of age and sex speci¬ fied. Per cent married in United States (1890) among total of age and sex specified. Males. Females. Males. Females. 15-19 . .2 5.5 20.0 34.3 +42.1 39.4 31.6 23.1 10.5 6.0 25.9 38.8 +40.4 35.8 25.3 15.0 6.7 7.2 .5 18.9 52.7 71.3 80.9 +84.3 82.3 70.5 28.1 9.5 46.7 71.4 79.8 +80. 6 73.9 60.4 35.4 41.9 20-24 . 25-29 . 30-34 . 35-44 . 45-54 . 65-64 . 65+. Unknown. All ages. 15.3 16.0 34.9 36.4 The highest ratio of married men was found between 35 and 15, while the highest ratio of married women was found between 30 and 35. In the United States the highest ratio for men was ten years and for women five years later. The ratio of married men 20-21 years old was less than one-third what it was in the United States, while the ratio of mar¬ ried women 15-21 years old was more than one-half what it was in the United States. This suggests that the early marriages just shown to be somewhat more common in Cuba than in the United States may be marriages in which only the bride is especially youthful and that early marriages of men may be no more common than in the United States. To test this the per cent that the married men under 25 years of age made of all married men and the married women under 20 made of all married women is shown in the following table: Per cent that married persons of sex and age specified made of married persons of sex specified hut all ages. Country. Males under 25. Females under 20. Cuba. 3.6 4.7 United States (1890).. 5.4 3.5 The marriage of women under 20 in Cuba was more common, rela¬ tive to the married of all ages, than in the United States, but the marriage of men under 25 was decidedly less common. This difference is doubtless a result of the recent economic disasters in Cuba, which have greatly increased the difficulty of supporting a wife and family. These disasters have apparently delayed the marriage of men, but perhaps not of women. The early marriages of women may no doubt be connected with a fact to appear from analysis of the occupation tables (p. 157), that the proportion of women engaged in gainful occu¬ pations was smaller in Cuba than in Porto Pico or the United States. The married , classified hy sex and aye , by provinces .—In the following- two tables the analysis of marriage by sex and age is extended to the several provinces. 124 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. Per cent married , hy provinces and age periods. MALES. Age period. Habana city. Habana, . excluding city. Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago. 15-19. 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0,3 7.7 0.2 0.1 20-24. 5.5 7 3 4.2 6.1 4.5 5.4 25-29. 17.7 26.3 17.6 20.8 26.1 18.5 19.3 30-34. 30.2 42.1 30.6 37.8 44.4 34.1 31.1 35-44.. 41.9 49.5 37.2 45.0 55.5 42.5 35.4 45-54. 43.6 45.5 30.2 44.7 53.7 36.9 35.8 55-64. 37.8 37.9 20.5 38.3 47.7 26.2 32.3 65+. 32.0 26.1 14.6 24.7 32.1 17.7 27.0 Unknown . 11.1 5.9 8.3 27.3 15+. 24.2 27.5 20.0 24.3 33.5 23.2 22.3 FEMALES. 15-19. 6.0 7.1 3.7 7.1 8.7 5.8 5.5 20.24. 24.3 29.4 19.9 26.9 37.0 27.7 23.4 25-29. 35.5 45.1 33.6 39.3 50.6 42.5 33.7 30-34. 39.1 46.9 35.4 40.8 54.1 43.8 33.1 35-44. 35.5 41.0 30.7 39.9 49.3 38.6 28 8 45-54. 25.2 29.0 21.4 31.1 37.8 25.3 20.5 55-64. 14.9 19.0 11.5 19.4 23.9 13.9 12.6 65+. 5.8 7.2 5.2 9.2 11.3 5.9 6.8 Unknown. 20.0 15+. 25.4 29.6 21.1 27.7 34.7 27.1 21.2 The highest proportion of married in each sex and at each age was in Puerto Principe, the single exception being among the males, 25-29. At that period a few more males were married in Habana province outside the capital than in Puerto Principe. The smallest proportion of married at the extremes of life, 15-29 and 55+ (or 45+ for males), was found for both sexes in Matanzas. For the intervening age periods the smallest proportion was found, with one slight excep¬ tion, in Santiago. The women 30-54 years old in 1899 were all under 35 when the ten-years’ war, which was fought mainty in the eastern part of the island, ended by the capitulation of El Zanjon. Hence they lived through the years in which marriage usually occurs amidst confusion and struggle that doubtless postponed or prevented many marriages. This may explain in part the low proportion of married women 30-54 years of age in Santiago. Among men the highest proportion of married was usually in the period 35-44, but in the city of Habana and in Santiago it was in the later period, 45-54. Among women the highest proportion was in the group 30-34, but in Santiago it fell live years earlier. This suggests that there was probably a wider average difference in Santiago than elsewhere between the ages of husband and wife. The married classified by race ,—1 n a previous table (p. 119) it appeared that the ratio of married to population was higher in Puerto Principe and lower in Santiago than in any other province. It had already appeared (p. 90) that the proportion of whites was higher in Puerto CENSUS OF CUBA, 1 899 CUBA CONJUGAL CONDITION PINAR DEL RIO MATANZAS PUERTO PRINCIPE SANTIAGO SINGLE MARRIED LIVING TOGETHER BY MUTUAL CONSENT WIDOWED A HOEN a CO. BALTIMORE 125 THE MARRIED CLASSIFIED BY RACE. Principe and lower in Santiago than in any other province. This sug¬ gests that white blood and lawful marriage may be related phenomena. The following table shows that the} r vary together through the provinces: Province. Per cent of total population. Married. White. Puerto Principe. 19.5 18.8 17.8 16.0 15.7 13.4 12.3 79.8 76.4 71.4 68.6 72.6 58.3 55.3 Habana (excluding city). Habana city. Santa Clara. Pinar del Rio. Matanzas . Santiago. Hence it seems probable that legal marriage in Cuba was more com¬ mon among the whites than among the colored. The following table raises the probability to a certainty: Race. • Total popu¬ lation. Lawfully married. Number. Per cent. White... 1,052,397 520,400 214,543 31,808 20.4 6.1 Colored. Legal marriage was more than thrice as general among the whites as among the colored. But even ^imong the whites it was not much more than half as general as it was in the United States. In two former cen¬ suses, those of 1841 and 1861, comparable returns have been made. From them the following table has been compiled: Per cent married among total population. 1841. 1861. 1899. White.. 10.4 6.2 22.8 8.1 20.4 6.1 Colored. In both races marriage is less frequent than forty years ago. In the following table the analysis of the subject by race is extended to the provinces: Province. Per cent married. Whites. Colored. Habana (excluding city). 22.6 6.7 Habana city... 22. 7 5. 7 Matanzas. 21.1 19.2 2.6 6. 3 Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe... 21.4 12.1 Santa Clara..'. 20. 3 Santiago. 16.6 7.1 Cuba. 20.4 6.1 i REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 126 When the proportion of married in each province is obtained for the two races separately, it appears that white and black were affected by different influences. The highest proportion of married for the whites was not in Puerto Principe, but in and around the capital, and the pro¬ portion in the other provinces, except Santiago, was not much below that in Puerto Principe. In this last province the high relative num¬ ber of married is due in great measure to the fact that the married among the colored are almost twice as many as in nny other province. Matanzas and Puerto Principe furnish a striking contrast. In each the married whites were about one-fifth the total whites, but among the Puerto Principe colored one in eight were married, and in Matanzas only one in thirty-eight. In the following table the analysis of the prevalence of lawful marriage by race has been extended to the fourteen cities separately reported: • District. Per cent of married among— Whites. Colored. Fourteen cities separately reported. 21.4 19.0 7.0 5.7 Rest of Cuba. With both races marriage is slightly more common in cities than in the rural districts, but the difference for the whites is greater than for the colored. The married classified by race and sex. —The following table shows the number of married by race and sex: Race and sex. Total. Married. Number. Per cent. White males. 563,113 109, 760 19.5 White females. 489i 284 252,092 268,308 104; 783 21.4 Colored males. 15; 307 16,501 6.1 Colored females. 6.2 This shows that the larger proportion of married among the females already noted (p. 120) was confined almost entirely to the whites, and supports the explanation offered that the excess was due mainly to the immigration of husbands without their wives. The married classified by race and age. —It has already appeared that marriage was more than three times as common among whites as among colored. The same was true of the people over 15 as appeal from the following: •s THE MARRIED CLASSIFIED BY RACE. 127 Per cent married in total adult population (15 -f-). Race. Per cent married. White. 32.4 9.6 Colored. In the following table the per cents are given by provinces for each race: Per cent married in total adult population ( 15 -\-). Province. Whites. Colored. Habana (city). 34.5 8.0 Habana (excluding city). 31.3 9. 9 Matanzas. 33.1 3.9 Pinar del Rio. 31.5 10.5 Puerto Principe. 38.4 19.1 Santa Clara. 32.3 9.8 Santiago. 29.3 12.4 Cuba. 32.4 9.6 Among both races marriage was much more common in Puerto Prin¬ cipe than in any other province. But the difference was more marked among the colored than among the whites. The proportion of married among the colored adults of Puerto Principe was one-half greater than in any other province. But among the white adults of that prov¬ ince the married, while twice as numerous as among the colored, were only about one-seventh more numerous than among the whites in Habana city. Marriage was far more evenly distributed among whites than among colored, in the province where it was most general (Puerto Principe) it was less than one-third more common than among the whites of the adjoining province of Santiago, where the proportion of married whites was lowest. But among the colored adults of Puerto Principe marriage was almost five times as common as among the col¬ ored adults of Matanzas. The table shows that the local influences favorable to marriage differed widely for the two races. To show this more clearly the provinces may be arranged in the order of the preva¬ lence.of marriage among white and among colored adults as follows: Provinces arranged in the order of increasing prevalence of marriage among — White adults: Santiago. Habana (excluding city). Pinar del Rio. Santa Clara. Matanzas. Habana (city). Puerto Principe. Colored adults: Matanzas. Habana (city). Santa Clara. Habana (excluding city). Pinar del Rio. Santiago. Puerto Principe. No relation whatever can be discerned between these two series. Why should Santiago have few marriages among whites and many 1 28 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. among colored, or Matanzas few among colored and many among whites? The married classified by race and sex and age. — In the following table the proportion of married in the adult population of each sex and race is stated. Adult Married. Race and sex. population (15+). Number. Per cent. White males. 364,261 157,855 109,760 15,307 104,783 16,501 30.1 Colored males. 9. 7 White females. 299,022 174,623 35.0 Colored females. 9.5 In preceding paragraphs it has appeared that the proportion of married women in Cuba was slightly greater than the proportion of married men (p. 120), and that this difference w r as confined to the whites (p. 126); that the difference between the sexes for the total population was less than 1 per cent, but for the whites alone was nearly 2 per cent. The last table shows that for white adults the difference between the two sexes was nearly 5 per cent. In the following table the facts are given in the same way, by sex and race for the several provinces. Per cent of adult population {15- f-) of sex and race specified who were married. Province. Males. Females. White. Colored. White. Colored. Habana (city). 28.4 9.0 35.4 7.3 Habana (excluding city). 32.5 9.9 36.8 9.8 Matanzas. 31.0 3 9 35.5 3 8 Pinar del Rio. 28.8 10.5 35.0 10.4 Puerto Principe. 37.5 18.8 39.4 19.4 Santa Clara. 29.4 9.2 36.0 10.4 Santiago. 28.9 13.1 29.8 11.9 From the preceding table it appears that among white adults the pro¬ portion of married females was greater in each province than the pro¬ portion of married males. Among colored adults in five of the seven provinces the reverse was true. The difference is due to the excess of males among white adults and of females among colored adults. In all monogamous countries, if either sex is decidedly in the minority, it is almost sure to have a larger proportion of married than the sex which outnumbers it. Among the white adults of Cuba 54.9 per cent were male, but among the colored adults only 47.5 per cent were male. Hence the chance of marriage in the one race is greater among females, and in the other greater among males. This excess of mules among white adults appeared in every province of Cuba, and accordingly the higher proportion of married among females was equally general. The excess of females among colored adults appeared in five of the -seven THE MARRIED CLASSIFIED BY RACE. 129 divisions, and in each of these five the proportion of married was higher among colored males. Santa Clara had more colored men than women, and accordingly, in that province, the proportion of married was higher among colored women. In Puerto Principe, while the women were slightly in excess (51.7 per cent) among colored adults, the slight dif¬ ference was probably offset by the earlier age at which women marry. In the following table the facts for all Cuba are given by sex and race and eight age periods. Per cent of married in population group o f sex , race, and age specified. Age period. Males. Females. W'hite. Colored. White. Colored. 15-19. 0.2 0.1 7.6 1 2.6 20-24. 6.2 3.3 33.4 10.8 25-29. 23.1 10.3 51.1 15.7 30-34. 40.4 16.4 54.8 14.9 35-44. 51.0 17.7 50.0 12.3 45-54. 54.7 12.7 37.5 8.0 55-64. 52.5 8.8 23.1 5.1 65 +. 44.2 7.0 10.9 2.8 Unknown. 12.5 5.9 16.7 Total adults (15+). 30.1 9.7 35.0 9.5 Marriage was about 3.1 times as general among white men as among colored men, but 3.7 times as general among white women as among colored women, the difference being due, as just explained, to the excess of white men and of colored women in Cuba. Taking these ratios as the standard, it appears from the preceding table that prior to the age of 30, and for males prior to the age of 45, the proportion of married among colored was uniformly higher than when all ages are included. This suggests that relatively to the white the generation of colored which has grown up since emancipation have entered upon legal mar¬ riage rather more commonly than their parents did. The difference may also be connected with the excess of males among the aged col¬ ored. At each of the age periods above 45 the colored males outnum¬ bered the females. There were 12,897 colored persons born in Africa reported by this census (Table XI), the great majority in the higher age groups, and nearly three-fifths (59 per cent) were males. Then, too, there were 14,614 colored persons born in China, most of whom also belonged to the higher ages, and of these practically all (99.7 per cent) were males. That, notwithstanding this difference, a larger pro¬ portion of the colored men than of colored women at those ages were married must be due to the marriage by old men of younger women. The married classified hy place of birth .—The tables make it possible to analyze the conjugal condition of the population of Cuba with refer¬ ence to one further clement—nativity. This tabulation is confined to the white race alone. The question may be asked: Was marriage 24662-9 130 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. more common among native whites or foreign-born whites? The following table appears to give an answer: r Nativity. Total number. Married. Number. Per cent. Native whites. 910,299 142,098 169,354 45,189 18.6 31.8 Foreign-born whites. These figures seem to show that marriage was far more common among the foreign-born than among the native. But no such infer¬ ence is warranted, because the immigrant population of Cuba is com¬ posed mainly of adults of marriageable age. Of the native white population over two-fifths (12.1 per cent) were under 15 years of age, while of the foreign-born whites only one twenty-fifth (1 per cent) were in those age periods. When the children of both classes are excluded the figures tell a different story, as follows: Nativity. - T* - Number of adults 15 years and over. Married. Number. Per cent. Native whites. 526,867 136,416 169,354 45,189 32.1 33.1 Foreign-born whites. With this correction introduced it appears that the proportion of married in the two classes was almost the same, but with the foreign¬ ers slightly larger. As the difference is so slight, it may be affected by the sex composition of the two classes. Hence that further classi¬ fication is introduced in the table below: Nativity. Number of adults 15 years and over. Married. Number. Per cent. Native white males. 251,655 75,454 30.0 Foreign-born white males. 112,606 34,306 30.5 Native white females. 275,212 93.900 34.1 Foreign-born white females. 23,810 10,883 45.7 The table seems to show that foreign-born white men were married in slightly greater proportion than native white men, and foreign-born white women in far greater proportion than native white women; but although all persons under 15 have been excluded, yet the adult native whites must have had a far larger proportion than the foreign-born have in the ages 15-25, at which marriage is comparatively infrequent. Hence the question can not be decisively answered until the proportion of married for each age period is ascertained. This is done in the CONVENTUAL MARRIAGES. 131 following table, and to economize attention only the per cents are given: Per cent married of population in sex, class, and age specified. Age period. White males. White females. Native. Foreign. Native. Foreign. 15-19 . .3 .2 7.4 14.9 20-24 . 7.2 4.0 32.7 45.3 25-29 . 27.3 15.6 50.5 58.7 30-34 . 45.5 31.0 54.2 61.1 35-44 .•. 54.1 45.4 49.1 57.6 45-54 . 55.9 52.9 36.5 44.3 55-64 . 52.8 51.9 22.3 27.7 65-. 52.8 44.6 10.4 13.2 Unknown . 8.3 18.7 9.1 With this table a final answer is reached to the question under examination. At every age period the native white men were married in greater proportions than the immigrant white men, but the immigrant white women were married in greater proportions than the native white women. This doubtless means that a large proportion of the women who have gone to Cuba from elsewhere have gone with their husbands. PERSONS LIVING TOGETHER AS HUSBAND AND WIFE BY MUTUAL CONSENT. On the schedules in the present census there are many cases in which a man and woman of about the same age were reported as occu¬ pying the same house but as bearing different names and standing in no admitted relations to each other. In most cases the census family included one or more children bearing the woman’s name. All such census families were tabulated as cases of persons cohabiting as husband and wife without formal legal sanction upon the union, and the children were tabulated as technically illegitimate. Any one familiar with Cuban life knows that in certain classes and regions such unions are frequent and often as permanent and secure as good care and nurture for the children as if the law had sanctioned the rela¬ tion. It was impossible to detect from the schedules every such case, and in some few instances persons may have been assigned to this class by an error, but probably whatever mistakes occurred have usually been of omission. This is the first time that such a return has ever been tabulated, and therefore no comparisons can be made with past Cuban censuses or with censuses of other countries except Porto Rico. The returns for these two countries under this head were as follows: Country. Total popu¬ lation. Living together by mutual consent. Per cent living together. Cuba. 1,572,797 953,243 131,732 84,241 8.4 Porto Rico. 8.8 132 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. in each country about 1 person in 12 was living in such relations, but the proportion was slightly less in Cuba than in Porto Rico. A fairer comparison may be made with the married couples. For every two lawful unions there is one union by mutual consent. %j The several provinces of Cuba have the following proportions of persons living together by mutual consent: Province. Total popu¬ lation. Living together by mutual consent. Number. Per cent. Puerto Principe. 88,234 3,505 3.9 Habana..• 424,804 28,730 6.8 Pinar del Rio. 173,064 12,386 7.2 Santa Clara. 356,536 26,607 7.5 Matanzas. 202,444 20,942 10.4 Santiago de Cuba. 327,715 39,562 12.1 Reference to a preceding table shows that the provinces arranged as above in the order of increasing proportion of persons living together agree closely with the provinces arranged in the order of decreasing proportion of married (p. 119). The tv r o are brought together in the following table: Province. Per cent living to¬ gether as husband and wife by mutual consent. Per cent legally married. Per cent belonging to either class. Puerto Principe. 3.9 19.5 23.5 Habana . 6.8 18.3 25.1 Pinar del Rio. 7.2 15.7 22.9 Santa Clara. 7.5 16.0 23.5 Matanzas. 10.4 13.4 23.8 Santiago. 12.1 12.3 24.4 Cuba. 8.4 15.7 24.0 In Santiago there were three times as many of these unions as in the adjoining province of Puerto Principe, but as an offset there were in Santiago less than two-thirds as many married persons as in the neigh¬ boring province. The figures for the 14 cities separately reported are as follows: City. Per cent living together. City. Per cent living together. Cnrdpnns . . 7.3 Regia. 6.3 Cipnfiipgos 8.4 Sagua la Grande. 9.0 Giianahup.oii. . 8.0 Sancti Spiritus. 3.7 Habana, . 7. / Santa Clara. 6.9 Manzanillo . 10.0 Santiago. 7.7 MufjlTlZflS . 7.7 Trinidad. 6.2 7. 7 Pnprtn Prinpinp 3.1 Total cities. 7.4 CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 A Hoen & Co Bolto Lifh CONSENTUAL MAKRIAGES. 133 In 9 of the II cities the relative number of persons living- together was less than in the entire province containing the cit}^, while in 5 cities it was greater. The difference between urban and rural pop¬ ulation in this regard is summarized in the following two tables for the island and its provinces: - ■ Population. Living together by mutual consent. Number. Per cent. 14 cities separately reported. 491,504 / 36,500 7.4 Rest of Cuba. . 1,081,293 95,232 8.8 Total. 1,572,797 131,732 8.4 This is not a conclusive proof that the cities have a smaller propor¬ tion of persons living together than the surrounding rural districts, for the cities are massed in the western central part of the island. Hence it seems best to treat the urban and rural districts of each prov¬ ince separately, as is done in the following table: Province. Per cent living together by mutual consent— In urban districts. In rural districts. Puerto Principe. 3.1 4.3 Habana.... 7.7 5.3 Pinar del Rio. 7.7 7.1 Santa Clara. 7.2 7.5 Matanzas. 7. G 11.5 Santiago. 8.2 12.9 The relative number of persons living together without being law¬ fully married was greater in the four cities of Pinar del Rio and Habana provinces than in the rural districts, but elsewhere the cities had a smaller number than the country. The rural districts of Matanzas and Santiago are evidently the regions in which this mode of family life is most prevalent. There were 25 municipal districts out of 132, or nearly 1 in 5, in which the number of consentual unions exceeded the number of legal marriages. But only 1 of the 11 cities separately reported, Manza¬ nillo, is included in any of the 25 districts. Three provinces, Puerto Principe, Santa Clara, and Habana, had no such district. Pinar del Rio had 3 adjoining each other on the north coast and Santiago had 11 stretching along the south coast from Niquero to Guantanamo. The other 11 were in Matanzas. Classification by sex .—Of the 131,732 persons reported as living together, 65,793 were males and 65,939 were females. As there were over 50,000 more males than females in Cuba (p. 80), the proportion of females living in marriage relations unsanctioned by law (8.7 per cent) was greater than the proportion of males (8.1 per cent). 134 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Classification by age .—Drawing the line at fifteen years between those who were and those who were not old enough to marry one finds the following result: Country. Total pop¬ ulation 15+. Living together. Number. Per cent. • Cuba. 995,761 534,941 131,732 84,241 13.2 15.7 Porto Rico. As the proportion of children under 15 was much less in Cuba than in Porto Rico, the difference between the two islands already noted (p. 131) was not clearly defined by the table there given, showing the propor¬ tion of persons living together to the population of all ages. The table just given is, therefore, a more exact measure of the difference between the two islands. In the following table the figures for Cuba are given by provinces: Per cent of adults (15who were living together by mutual consent. Puerto Principe. 7. 0 Ilabana (excluding city). 8. 4 Habana (city). 10. 7 Santa Clara. 11. 7 Pinar del Rio. 11. 8 Matanzas. 15.9 Santiago. 21. 3 Cuba. 13. 2 There is but one difference between the order of the provinces here and that in the table already given (p. 132). Among adults, as shown in this table, Santa Clara had a slightly larger proportion of persons living together than Pinar del Rio, while in the total population the relation is reversed. It is due to the fact, brought out in the discus¬ sion of the age tables (p. 91), that Pinar del Rio had more children and fewer adults than Santa Clara. In the following table the relative number of persons living together by mutual consent to the total population is given for the several age periods. For purposes of comparison a second column reports the proportion of persons married in Cuba at the same age periods. As both these classes together include probably about all who were married either hy mutual consent alone or with the sanction of the law, a third column gives the proportion that the sum of these two classes makes to the total population of the age named, and for comparative pur¬ poses the figures for the United States are added in a fourth column. CONSENTUAL MARRIAGES. 135 Age period, Per cent living to¬ gether. Percent married Total. Per cent married in United States. 15-19. 2.6 3.2 5.8 5.0 20-24. 9.5 15.4 24.9 32.8 25-29. 14.6 28.8 43.4 61.7 30-34. 17.9 37.1 55.0 75.3 35-44. 19.1 39.3 58.4 80.8 45-54. 17.7 33.0 50.7 79.3 55-64. 15.2 24.0 39.2 71.8 65+. 12.4 14.9 27.3 53.3 Unknown . 4.7 9.4 14.1 33.1 Total 15+. 13.2 24.7 37.9 55.3 It will be noticed that between the ages of 25 and 55 the proportion of persons married was uniformly about double the proportion of per¬ sons living together without marriage, but in the younger and older age periods the proportion of persons living together to those married was higher. The larger proportion between 15 and 25 suggests that unions of this sort are entered upon at a somewhat younger age than ceremonial marriage. This may best be tested by finding what pro¬ portion of the total number of each class were under 25. Among the married about one-ninth (11.9 per cent) were under 25, but of the persons living together without a marriage ceremony about one-seventh (14.6 per cent) were under 25. The large proportion of persons over 65 who were living together by mutual consent is probably connected with the presence in Cuba of many aged negroes born in Africa and imported before slavery was abolished or the slave trade effectually suppressed. It is probable that such persons before living together seldom go through a formal ceremony of marriage. There were also many Chinese males in Cuba and their median age was over 53 years. The same remark would hold true of them. The decreasing proportion of colored to the total pop¬ ulation of Cuba during the last forty years is also a factor to be con¬ sidered in explaining the difference. Classification by age and sex .—As the age during which marriage, lawful or unlawful, occurs varies widely with the sex, it is important to supplement the age analysis already given by one in which the sex difference is also included. That is done in the following table, in which the proportion of persons living together at each period and for each sex is given. The proportions of persons married of the same sex and the same age are added in parallel columns, and as these two together make up the total of persons living in any sort of marriage relationship in Cuba, a third column gives the total, while a fourth column gives the proportion of persons of the same sex and age married in the United States in 1890. In each column the maximum ratio is marked by a + prefixed. 136 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Age period. Males. Females. Married. Living together. Total. Married males in United States (1890). Married. Living together. Total. Married females in United States (1890). 15-19 . 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 6.0 4.6 10.6 9.5 20-24 . 5.5 5.5 11.0 18.9 25.9 13.8 39.7 46.7 25-29 . 20.0 12.2 32.2 52.7 38.8 17.4 56.2 71.4 30-34 . 34.3 16.3 50. 6 71.3 +40.4 +19.8 +60.2 79.8 35-44 . +42.1 18.9 +61.0 80.9 35.8 19.4 55.2 +80. 6 45-54 . 39.4 +19.7 59.1 +84.3 25.3 15.2 40.5 73.9 55-04 . 31.6 18.5 50.1 82.3 15.0 11.2 26.2 60.4 65+. 23.1 17.0 40.1 70.5 6.7 7.7 14.4 35.4 Total 15+. . *- 24.0 12.6 36.6 54.1 25.6 13.9 39.5 56.8 In the preceding table it will be noticed that the maximum propor¬ tion of persons married was reached in Cuba for each sex ten } T ears earlier than in the United States. It may be that this is a remote result of the ten years’ war, 1868-1878. It is a familiar fact that marriages decrease during periods of war or serious economic calam¬ ities. This fact is conspicuously illustrated by the vital statistics of Cuba during the last ten years, discussed elsewhere in the present vol¬ ume (Appendix XVIII). It is probable, therefore, that the number of marriages in Cuba during the ten years 1868-1878 was materially reduced and that the number of marriages celebrated after the capitu¬ lation of El Zanjon was above the normal. Many men over 45 years of age may have been prevented from marrying by the disturbances during the years of their early manhood, and, on the contrary, men between 35 and 44 would have been at the threshold of the age at which marriage is most common, when peace returned to Cuba in 1878. This hypothesis may also explain the proportion of children in Cuba between 10 and 20, which was shown in the discussion of age (p. 85) to be larger than in the United States or Porto Rico. Such children, aside from the few immigrants, must have been born in Cuba between 1879 and 1888. The preceding table shows that for every 100 married men over 15 years of age there were 52 living together by mutual consent (126-^240=52.5 per cent), and for every 100 married women over 15 years of age there were 54 living together by mutual consent. The difference is due to the fact that the married men in Cuba outnumbered by 3,783 the married women. The ratio of those living together by mutual consent to the married was below the average for males 25 to 54 years of age and for females 20 to 44 years of age. The proportion of persons living together by mutual consent was therefore excessive in both sexes during the earlier and later years of life. CONSENTUAL MARRIAGES. 137 Classification by race— The following table gives the facts by race in the briefest way: Race. Population. Persons living to¬ gether by mutual consent. Number. Per cent. White. 1,052,397 520,400 50,027 81,705 4.8 15.7 Colored. Total. 1,572,797 131,732 8.4 Legal marriage has already (p. 125) been shown to be more than three times as common among whites as among colored. The present table shows that unions by mutual consent were more than three times as prevalent among colored as among whites. The comparison may be made more clear by the following table: Race. Number lawfully married. Persons living to¬ gether by mutual consent. Number. To each 100 mar¬ ried. White. 214,543 50,027 23 Colored. 31,808 81,705 257 Total. 24G, 3.51 131,732 53 Of the total unions among whites 81 per cent were lawful marriages. Of the total unions among colored 28 per cent were lawful marriages. In the following table the facts are given hy race for the several provinces: Province. Whites. Colored. Living together to each 100 married. Married. Living together by mutual consent. Married. Living together by mutual consent. White. Colored. Habana city. 38,247 7,807 3,824 10,446 20 273 Habana (exclusive of city). 32,500 3,819 2,975 6,658 12 224 Matanzas. 24,907 3,762 2,180 17,180 15 788 Pinar del Rio. 24,131 6,203 2,969 6,123 26 206 Puerto Principe. 15,057 2,220 2,153 1,285 15 60 Santa Clara. 49,004 9,507 7,321 17,100 19 234 Santiago. 30,097 10,649 10,386 22,913 55 221 Total. 214,543 50,027 31,808 81,705 23 257 This table brings out noteworthy differences between the several provinces and shows that the differences do not run parallel for the two races. Among whites the smallest proportion of consentual unions to lawful marriages was in Habana province outside the city, where only about 1 union in 9 was merely consentual. At the opposite extreme comes Santiago, where among whites more than 1 union in 138 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 3 was merely consentual. Next to Santiago, but at a long remove, comes the province at the other end of the island, Pinar del Rio, where about 1 union in 5 was by consent only. Among colored, the province having the fewest merely consentual unions, Puerto Principe, had about 1 in 3, or rather more of such unions than the province of Santiago had among whites. Next to Puerto Principe at a long interval comes Pinar del Rio, where there were 2 unions by consent among colored for each lawful marriage. Matanzas stands out conspicuously in the column for colored, with nearly 8 consentual unions for 1 legal marriage, a proportion about thrice as great as in any other province. It is note¬ worthy that the provinces in which this form of married life was least common among colored, Puerto Principe and Pinar del Rio, are those in which the colored formed the smallest proportion of the population, and the province in which consentual unions were most common among whites, Santiago, is the one in which the whites are but little more than half the population. In the following table the facts are given separately for urban and rural Cuba, and as the conditions in Habana city are often widely dif¬ ferent from the average conditions in other Cuban cities, urban Cuba has been subdivided into Habana and the remaining 13 cities separately reported: Division. White. Colored. Living together to each 100 married. Married. Living together by mutual consent. Married. Living together by mutual consent. White. Colored. Habana city. 38,247 7,807 3,824 10,446 20 273 Thirteen other cities. 32,142 7,167 8,013 11,080 22 138 Rest of Cuba. 144,154 35,053 19,971 60,179 24 301 This table shows that among both races consentual unions were most common in the rural districts, but that for the white race the minimum of such unions was found in Habana city, while for the colored race the minimum was in the other 13 cities, and that the proportion of consentual unions among colored, both in the rural districts and in Habana, is double the average for the other cities. It will be of interest to see whether the same relation holds when both consentual unions and lawful marriages are compared with the population. This comparison is made in the following table: Division. Population. Married. Living together. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. Habana citv. 168,433 159,645 724,319 67,548 95,878 356,974 38,247 32,142 144,154 3,824 8,013 19,971 7,807 7,167 35,053 10,446 11,080 GO, 179 Thirteen other cities. Rest of Cuba. Total. 1,052,397 520,400 214,543 31,808 50,027 81,705 CONSENTUAL MARRIAGES. 139 From the preceding table the following percentages are computed: Division. Per cent married. Per cent living together. White. Colored. White. Colored. Habana citv. 22.7 5.7 4.6 15.5 Thirteen other cities. 20.1 8.4 4.5 11.6 Rest of Cuba. 19.9 5.6 4.8 16.9 Total. 20.4 6.1 4.8 15.7 This table confirms the preceding in showing that for both races consentual unions were most common in the rural districts. An appar¬ ent difference of result between the two methods is that the former indicated that among whites consentual unions were least common in Habana city while this table fixes the minimum of such unions in the 13 other cities. The two may be reconciled by noticing that the proportion of married to population among whites in Habana was decidedly greater than in the other cities. Hence when the consentual unions are compared with the numerous legal marriages as in the first table, they appear fewer than they do when compared with the popu¬ lation. These secondary cities had the smallest proportion of con¬ sentual unions for each race, but by an interesting anomaly they had the largest proportion of married among the colored. It may be that the social standards or economic situation of the colored in these cities is somewhat higher than elsewhere, or it may be that the cities lie mainly in the center of the island and reflect the average condi¬ tions in their immediate vicinity. The last possibility may be tested by the following table: Urban 'population. Division. Population. Married. Living together. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. Guanabacoa, Regia, and Habana city .... Cardenas and Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Cienfuegos, Sagua la Grande, Sancti Spir- itus, Santa Clara, and Trinidad. Manzanillo and Santiago. Total. 186,915 38, 618 5,933 17, 788 50,874 27,951 74,394 19,696 2,947 7,314 29,471 29,603 42,292 8,248 1,178 3,987 9,629 5,055 4,216 992 146 969 2,485 3,029 8,610 1,430 318 418 2,510 1,688 11,469 2,992 368 367 3,274 3,056 328,079 163,425 70,389 11,837 '14,974 21,526 The following table shows the same facts in the form of percentages: Per cent urban population. Division. Married. Living together. White. Colored. White. Colored. Guanabacoa, Regia, and Habana city. 22.6 5. 7 4.6 15.4 Cardenas and Matanzas... 21.4 5.0 3. 7 15.2 Pinar del Rio. 19. 9 4 9 5.4 2.3 12.5 Puerto Principe. 22.4 13.2 5.0 Cienfuegos, Sagua la Grande, Sancti Spiritus, Santa Clara, and Trinidad. 18.9 8.4 4.9 11.1 Manzanillo and Santiago. 18.1 10.2 6.0 10.3 140 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. In the following table are shown the facts for the rural population: Rural population. Province. Population. Married. Living together. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. Habana. Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago. Total. 125,675 79, 299 119,692 52,599 195,894 153,159 37,820 64,831 44,492 10,533 82,297 117,002 28,455 16,659 22,953 11,070 39,975 25,042 2,583 -1,188 2,823 1,184 4,836 7,357 3,016 2,332 5,945 1,802 6,997 14,961 5,635 14,188 5,755 918 13,826 19,857 724,318 356,975 144,154 19,971 35,053 60,179 Below appear the percentages derived from this table: Per cent rural population. Province. Married. Living together. White. Colored. White. Colored. Habana. 22.6 6.8 2.4 14.9 Matanzas. 21.0 1.8 2.9 21.9 Pinar del Rio. 19.2 6.3 5.0 12.9 Puerto Principe. 21.0 11.2 3.4 8.7 Santa Clara. 20.6 5.9 3.6 16.8 Santiago. 16.4 6.3 9.8 17.0 This table incidentally reveals the proportion of white and of colored in the urban and rural districts of Cuba. The results may be stated as follows: Division. Per cent of— White. Colored. Hflhnrui. city _ .... 72.4 28.6 Thirteen other cities. 62.6 37.4 ■Rural districts...... 67.0 33.0 The whites were most numerous in Habana city, the colored in the 13 other cities of Cuba. In the following table the proportion of each race is given for the urban and rural districts of each province: Province. Per cent of whites in— Per cent of colored in— Urban dis¬ tricts. Rural dis¬ tricts. Urban dis¬ tricts. Rural dis¬ tricts. Habana . 71.6 76.9 28.4 28.1 Matanzas. 66.3 55.1 33.7 44.9 Pinar del Rio. 66. 8 73.0 33.2 27.0 Puerto Principe. 70.9 83.2 29.1 16.8 Santa Clara. 63.3 70.2 36.7 29.8 Santiago. 48.6 56.7 51.4 43.3 In every province of Cuba except Matanzas the whites were most largely represented in the rural districts and the colored in the urban districts. The preeminence of Habana city in its proportion of whites, CONSENTUAL MAKRIAGES. 141 when compared with the other cities or the rural districts as a whole, disappears when it is compared with the urban districts of Habana, Pinar del Rio, or Puerto Principe provinces. It is probable that the migration of colored from rural districts to cities in quest of employ¬ ment has exercised greater influence even in Habana upon the distribu¬ tion of population than the migration of whites from abroad. Returning to an examination of the tables (pp. 139, f) with reference to the question they were immediately designed to answer, it appears that among the colored in the four eastern provinces marriage was more common in the cities than in the country, and that in Matanzas the difference was at its maximum. But in the two western provinces marriage was more common among the rural population. Among the whites the proportion of married was greater in cities except in Habana province, where it was the same for city and country, and in Santa Clara. Classification by birthj>lace .—The classification by birthplace, and therefore the following analysis of the tables, is confined to the whites. It may be conjectured that white immigrants coming to Cuba unmarried and intending not to remain for life would form unions without the sanction of the law. This is the general experience where a large number of male immigrants enter a country in which the marriage law is rigid while at the same time social opinion in certain quarters tolerates a consentual marriage. Whether such a conjecture is in accord with the facts in Cuba will appear from the following analysis. The table below gives the facts for the two classes of whites: Nativity. Population 15 +. Living together by mutual consent. Number. Per cent. Native white. 526, 867 136,416 41,052 8, 975 7.8 Foreign white. 6.6 This seems to negative the conjecture under examination. But such an hypothesis could hardly apply to women, and therefore the sex dis¬ tinction should be introduced as is done in the following table: Nativity. Population 15+. Living together by mutual consent. Number. Per cent. Native white males.. 251,655 112,606 275,212 23,810 20,095 7,516 20,957 8.0 Foreign white males. 6.7 Native white females. 7.6 Foreign white females.. 1,459 6.1 With both sexes the proportion of persons living together by mutual consent is greater among the native white than it is among the foreign white. But the immigrants are almost uniformly adults, and are probably decidedly older than the native whites over 15. Hence 142 "REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. an examination by age periods is needed. As the foreign born white women are so few the examination by age periods may be confined to males. Per cent of males living in consentual unions. Age period. Native. Foreign. Age period. Native. Foreign. 15-19. 0.3 0.2 35-44 . 13.4 9.8 20-24.. 3.8 2.3 45-54 . 13.1 9.7 25-29... 9.1 5.3 55-64 .. 10,6 7.2 30-34. 12.2 7.8 65 +. 10.6 4.8 At every age the proportion of white men of foreign birth living in consentual unions was less than the proportion of native white men. The following table shows whether this is true throughout the several provinces. Province. Native. Foreign born. Habana city... 7.9 5.7 Habana province. 4.0 4.4 Matanzas. 5.0 7.8 Pinar del Rio. 7.8 7.1 Puerto Principe. 5.4 6.8 Santa Clara. 5.9 6.5 Santiago. 17.9 11.6 Cuba. 8.0 6.7 This table shows that the figures heretofore reached are the net result for the island of conditions widelv different in the different provinces. Habana city and the two provinces at the ends of Cuba agree in having a proportion of consentual unions among the native white men larger than among the foreign-born white men. In the other four divisions the opposite was true. Among females, on the contrary, consentual unions were less common with the foreign born than with the native white not merely in Cuba as a whole but in every province except Habana. The lower proportion of consentual unions is closely connected with the higher proportion of married already noted (p. 131) among foreign-born white women. THE WIDOWED. It might be anticipated that the very high death rate of Cuba during the last few years, to which attention is called in the discussion of the vital statistics of the past ten years, would leave its traces in an exces¬ sive number of widows and widowers. The facts for all Cuba in com¬ parison with those for Porto Rico and the United States are given in the following table: Country. Population 15 -f-. Widows and widowers Pe cent. Cuba. 995,761 85,167 8.6 Porto Rico.. 531,941 46,052 8.6 United States (1890). 40,380,050 2,970,052 7.4 THE WIDOWED. 143 These figures indicate a proportion of widowed in Cuba not much above that in the United States and not at all above that in Porto Rico. But obviously only persons who had been lawfully married would be reported to the census as widowed. Persons who had been living in consentual marriages, but whose unions had ended before the census by death of the other party, would appear in the census not as widowed but as single. Hence a fairer basis for the comparison may be found in the persons reported as married. Such a comparison }'ields the following result: Country. Married. Widowed. Per cent widowed to 100 married. Cuba. 246,351 85,167 34.6 Porto Rico. 158,570 46,052 29.0 United States (1890). 22,331,424 2,970,052 13.3 On this basis it appears that there was in Cuba one widow or widower for every three married persons, while in the United States there was one widow or widower for every eight married persons. In Cuba in 1861 there was one widow or widower for every five married persons. This large proportion of widowed is emphasized by the following table in which the proportion of widowed to married is given for the last available census of a number of Spanish-American countries, or West Indian Islands: Country. Date of census. Widowed to 100 married. Argentina. 1895 17 Barbados. 1891 22 Bermuda. 1891 23 British Honduras. 1891 29 Chile. 1885 19 Costa Rica. 1892 16 Guatemala. 1893 20 Jamaica. 1891 21 Leeward Islands. 1891 25 Martinique..•. 1894 34 Mexico. 1895 25 Trinidad. 1891 22 Turk’s Island. 1891 20 Portugal. 1890 19 Spain... 1887 17 Porto Rico. 1899 29 Cuba. 1899 34 • The evidence thus shows conclusively that the proportion of widows and widowers in Cuba was far higher than in the other countries with which comparison would naturally be made. Whether the excess is of widows or widowers may be doubtful. In the following table the sex classification is introduced: Country. Husbands. Widowers. Widowers . to 100 husbands. Wives. Widows. Widows to 100 wives. Cuba. 125,067 23,059 18.4 121,284 62,108 51.2 Porto Rico. 78,689 12,023 15.3 79,881 34,029 42.6 United States (1890). 11,205,228 815,437 7.3 11,126,196 2,154,615 19.4 144 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. This table shows that both the West India Islands had more than double the proportion of widowed to married that prevails in the United States, but that the proportion in Cuba was noticeably higher than in Porto Rico. For every six husbands there was a widower and for every two wives a widow. In the following table the classification is carried into the several provinces: Province. Husbands. Widowers. Widowers to 100 husbands. Wives. Widows. Widows to 100 wives. Habana city. 22,003 3,372 15 20,068 11.427 57 Habana (excluding city). 18,080 4,371 24 17,395 9, 442 54 Matanzas. 13,602 2,760 20 13,485 7,329 54 Pinar del Rio. 13,783 2,772 20 13,317 6,192 46 Puerto Principe. 8,542 1.203 14 8,668 3,926 45 Santa Clara. 28,681 5,791 20 28,244 14,319 50 Santiago. 20,376 2,790 14 20,107 9,473 47 Cuba. 125,067 23,059 18 121,284 62,108 51 Widows were most numerous in the capital of the island and least numerous in Puerto Principe. Widowers were most numerous in Habana outside the city, and least numerous in Puerto Principe. Probably Puerto Principe suffered as little as any province during the last five years, and the high proportion of widows in Habana city may result from migration of widows to the capital or from the presence in the city of many widows of Spaniards. The facts regarding the classes of the population of Habana city are as follows: Race. Wives. Widows. Widows to 100 wives. Native whites. 13,528 7,242 53 Foreign-born whites. 4,494 2,546 57 Colored. 2,046 1,639 80 While the figures show a larger proportion of widows among the foreign born than the native white, the proportion of widows among the colored was far greater. This is a result so unexpected that one asks at once whether i«t was true throughout Cuba. The following table gives the facts: Race. Husbands. Widowers. Widowers to 100 husbands. 1 Wives. Widows. Widows to 100 wives. Native whites. 75,454 34.306 15.307 15,207 20 93,900 46,652 50 Foreign-horn whites. 5,199 2,653 15 10,883 5,847 9,609 54 Colored _. 17 16,501 58 Apparently widows were most numerous relatively among the colored and least numerous among the native white, while widowers were most numerous among the native white and least so among the foreign born. THE WIDOWED-THE SINGLE. 145 Perhaps the best measure of the progressive increase of widow¬ hood with advancing years is found by comparing the widowed with the married of each age group. This is done in the following table: Age period. Husbands. Widowers. Widowers - to 100 husbands. Wives. Widows. Widows to 100 wives. 15-19 . 169 45 27 5,584 280 5 20-24 . 4,353 252 6 19,142 2,228 12 25-29 . 14,612 1,190 8 24,926 4,542 18 30-34 . 21,948 2,284 10 22,112 5,804 26 35-44 . 42,629 5,986 14 30,008 13,835 46 45-54 . 25,247 5,600 22 13,511 15,055 111 55-64 . 11,708 4,455 38 4,673 12,156 260 65. 4,378 3,230 74 1,246 8,201 658 The table show T s the uniform and steady increase of widowhood for each sex with advancing years, and also the far greater proportion of widows than of widowers at any given age. This difference between the two sexes increases with age. Between 20 and 35 the proportion of widows to wives was about double that of widowers to husbands. At the next age period it was treble, at the next five times, at the next seven times, and at the latest age nine times. For this difference a num¬ ber of cooperating causes may be assigned. As the husband is usually older than the wife and the chance of death increases with age, more marriages are broken by the death of the husband than by the death of the wife. Then, too, at the same age the mortality of men is usually rather greater than the mortality of women. And a widower is more likely than a widow to reenter the group of married by a second union. THE SINGLE. The small proportion of married in Cuba has already been mentioned (p. 118). Even if the consentual unions be included with the mar¬ riages, the proportion of the total was much less than in the United States (p. 135). The widowed, while very numerous with reference to the married, were not much more numerous than elsewhere with ref¬ erence to the total or the adult population. There are no divorced persons in Cuba. The only other marital class, the single, must then be unusually numerous. For purposes of comparison with other coun¬ tries, however, the persons living in consentual unions in Cuba should be classed with the single. In the following table the proportion of single to total population over 15 is given for the countries with which comparison would most naturally be made. The countries are arranged in the order of increasing proportion of single. 24602-10 14G REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Country. Hungary 1 . Mexico. France. Italy. United States. Denmark. Germany. England and Wales Austria. Sweden. Netherlands. Switzerland. Belgium. Turks Island. Guatemala 2 . Scotland. Date of census. Per cent of single to popu¬ lation 15+. Country. Date of census. Per cent of single to popu¬ lation 15+. 1890 23.2 Chile.. 1885 45.3 1895 34.9 Porto Rico 3 . 1899 45.9 1886 35.3 New Zealand. 1891 46.4 1881 36.5 Costa Rica. 1892 47.5 1890 36.9 Argentina. 1895 47.9 1890 36.7 Queensland. 1891 48.3 1890 38.3 Ireland. 1891 50.8 1891 39.6 British Honduras. 1891 51.4 1890 40.4 Cuba 3 . 1899 63.4 1890 40.7 Leeward Islands. 1891 57.7 1889 40.8 Barbados . 1891 61.5 1888 42.8 Porto Rico 4 . 1899 61.7 1890 43.9 Trinidad 5 . 1891 63. 5 1891 43.9 Cuba 4 . 1899 66.6 1893 1891 44.7 45.2 Martinique. 1894 78.5 1 Population 16+ is the basis. 2 Population 14+ is the basis. 3 Excluding persons living together by .mutual consent. 4 Including persons living together by mutual consent. 5 Excluding the East Indians. This table shows that the proportion of single among the adults of Cuba is higher than in an} T other considerable country known to statis¬ tics. In the United States not much more than one-third of the adults were single, while in Cuba over one-half and, including the persons living together in consentual unions, two-thirds were single. In the subsequent discussion the word single will be limited by excluding the persons living together by mutual consent as well as the married and widowed. In the following table the two sexes are compared: Sex. Population 15+. Single 15+. Fer cent single. Males. 522,116 473,645 308,031 224,317 59.0 47.4 Females. The excess of single males over single females, amounting to 83,729^ is due partly to the excess of 48,471 males in the adult population and partly to the excess of 39,049 widows over widowers. The proportion of single decreases with advancing years, as follows: Age period. Per cent single among— Per cent single in United States (1890) among— Males. Females. Males. Females. 0-14. 99.9 99.8 100.0 100.0 15-19. 99.3 89.1 99.5 90.3 20-24. 88.6 57. 3 80.7 51.8 25-29. 67.2 36. 7 46.0 25.4 30-34. 45.9 29.2 26.5 15.2 35-44. 33.1 28.3 15.3 9.9 45-54. 32.1 31.3 9.1 7.1 55-64. 38.0 34.6 6.8 5.8 65+. 42.9 41.5 5.6 5.6 THE SINGLE-LITERACY. 147 In Cuba over two-fifths of the population apparently go through life single, while in the United States only about one-eighteenth do so. Next to this noteworthy difference between the two countries the most interesting inference from the table is that the proportion of single does not decrease steadily from youth to old age, as might be expected and as it does in the United States. On the contrary, a distinct min¬ imum is reached for men at 45-54 years of age and for women ten years earlier. After these ages the proportion of single increases. Some light is thrown on this difference by the following table: Age period. Per cent single among— Males. Females. White. Colored. White. Colored. 15-19. 99.4 99.0 88.9 89.7 20-24. 90.0 84.6 54.0 63.9 25-29. 67.2 63.5 29.5 50.1 30-34. 44.6 49.7 19.8 -45.8 35-44. 29.5 -43.0 16.8 47.4 45-54. 21.2 51.2 15.4 54.0 55-64. 18.0 59.6 -14.9 68.9 65+. -17.1 62.5 15.3 66.0 From this it appears that the increase in the proportion of single with advancing years was almost confined to the colored race. It is probably due in large part to the inclusion with the single of persons who had earlier in life lived in consentual unions, but whose married life had ended by separation of the parties through death or other¬ wise or who having no children living with them were classified as single although really belonging to the class of persons living together by mutual consent. LITERACY. A census can take cognizance of the degree of education of a peo¬ ple only as it is indicated by certain simple tests. These tests refer usually to formal or book education, not because that is necessarily the most important, but because it is the most easily tested. The tests used by the present census were attendance at school, ability to read, ability to write, and possession of higher education. It is obvious that attendance at school certifies nothing regarding a person’s educational attainments, yet if the entire population is to be classed according to degree of education some assumption must be made regarding children attending school. It can not introduce serious error to assume that all children attending school were able to read and write, and all under 10 years of age and not attending school were not able to read. On these assumptions the population of Cuba may be classified as follows: Number. Per cent of total. Having higher education. 19,158 1.2 Able to read and write. 533,498 34.0 Able to read. 566,501 36.0 Population answering educational inquiries. 1,571,385 100.0 148 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. In the preceding- table the classes are not mutually exclusive, but each succeeding class includes all those in the preceding. From that table the following may be derived by taking the differences in the successive numbers of the preceding: Number. Per cent. Unable to read.. 1,004,884 63.9 Able to read but unable to write. 33,003 2.1 Able to write but without superior education. 514,340 32.7 With higher education. 19,158 1.2 Unknown . 1,412 .1 Total population. 1,572, 797 100.0 From this table it appears that the three classes of those able to read but unable to write, those with higher education, and those not answering the educational questions, including together little more than one-thirtieth of the total population, were numerically insignifi¬ cant. Attention may therefore be centered on the other two classes. The several provinces of Cuba had the following proportion of per¬ sons able to read: Province. Population. Able to read. .Number. £nt. Habana . 424,804 225,524 53.1 Matanzas. 202,444 70,393 34.8 Pinar del Rio. 173,064 32,684 18.9 Puerto Principe. 88,234 33,384 37.8 Santa Clara. 356,536 116,799 32.8 Santiago. 327,715 87,717 26.8 Habana province had the largest and Pinar del Rio the smallest pro¬ portion of persons able to read. Earlier in this analysis (p. 76) it was shown that Habana province had the largest and Pinar del Rio the smallest proportion of urban population. That the two vary together will appear more clearly from the following: Provinces in the order of — Literacy: Habana. Puerto Principe. Matanzas. Santa Clara. Santiago. Pinar del Rio. Urban population: Habana. Matanzas. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago. Pinar del Rio. It seems probable, therefore, that the ability to read is more usual in Cuban cities than it is in the rural districts. In the following table the facts are given for the 14 cities separately reported in Table XIX. CENSUS OF CUBA, 1 899 CUBA THE PROPORTION OF ILLITERATES TO POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. — I ! ; r p ip ii II wm. _ 1 _ 1 I _L i _ _ 1 11 ’//// 7// |fp |m /mm/, _ | 1 i S m 7/7 |p’ | 1 1 1 vZvYTT/ \ ifc ipp _ _L _ | / ■ m ■ ■■ //■ p wk 11 _ _1 NATIVE r -Hi "E i 1 § wm 777 i H i 1 1 m wm H 1_ 1 _ i i 1 ' n i_i ,_ L | 7/7 //// Wa 77, pip p H 1 1 ! i p -4— 1: l _ I 1 . 777 y/A m V//, 7/7, l ■ I 1 — 1 ! .... w 7/7 77 1 f 11 if P p i _ _ . '7,7, 7/7/77 _1 1 i 1 _ \ 1 i 1 p i 1 i FOREI GN ' A/HIT ;e : iTiH i ..IT. ' .1 1. ITT. : W/, TP —— i FT z//s\ y/a WZk WM yyv} _ P P ■/// 7/7/ P 777. 7/. 7/7 m IIP — yZ/' c 3L _ m VZ/, 55» . p. . . '// // ■ Y/// //// TPPH //// V/Ys 1 | 7/7 7/ ////' A///. sgg? v!!& 777 n //// 7/7 1 1 P /A/ 77/, V//,\ '//A m ' i 777: _ i H _ P f/y m _; l! PORTIONS SHADED ARE ILLITERATE A HOEN6CO BALTIMORE LITERACY. 149 Cities. Population. Able to r Number. ead. Per cent. Cardenas. 21,940 12,074 55 Cienfuegos. 30,038 18,052 60 Guanabacoa. 13,965 8,090 58 Habana . 235,981 155,534 66 Manzanillo. 14,464 8,132 56 Matanzas. 36' 374 21,447 59 Pinar del Rio. 8,880 4,101 46 Puerto Principe. 25,102 15,495 62 Regia. 11,363 6,513 57 Sagua la Grande. 12,728 6,665 52 Sancti Spiritus. 12,696 6,793 53 Santa Clara. 13, 763 7,872 57 Santiago. 43, 090 25,905 60 Trinidad. 11,120 6,114 55 Twelve of the 14 cities had a larger proportion of persons able to read than an}^ of the 6 provinces, and all had a larger proportion of literates than any province but Habana. This shows clearly that illiteracy is especially prevalent in the rural districts of Cuba. The facts for city and country are summarized in the following table: District. Population. Able to read. Number. Per cent. Habana . 235,981 255,523 1,081,293 155,534 147,253 263,714 65.9 57.6 24.4 Thirteen other cities. Rest of Cuba. Total. 1,572, 797 566,501 36.0 Rather more than one-third of the total population of Cuba were able to read, but the proportion rose in Habana city to nearly two-thirds, and in the 13 other cities it averaged nearly three-fifths, while in rural Cuba it was not quite one-fourth. The per cents for the several cities have already been given, but the figures for the provinces after the cities have been subtracted are given below: Province. Rural popu¬ lation. Able to read. Number. Per cent. Habana. 163,495 55,387 34 Puerto Principe. 63,132 17,889 28 Matanzas. 144,130 36,872 26 Santa Clara. 276,191 71,303 26 Santiago. 270,161 53, 680 20 Pinar del Rio. 164,184 28,583 17 The largest proportion of literates is found in rural Habana, where one-third of the total population was able to read; the smallest propor¬ tion in the provinces at the ends of the island, Santiago and Pinar del Rio, where from one-sixth to one-fifth were able to read. The four central provinces all had proportions above the average for rural Cuba. 150 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. There are two Spanish censuses, those of 1861 and 1887, in which the number of Cubans able to read was reported. In the following table the results of those censuses are brought into comparison with the present: Able to read. Date of census. Population. Number. Per cent. 1861. 1,396,630 1,631,687 1,572,797 268,237 452,330 567,913 19.2 1887. 27.7 1899. 36.1 In thirty-eight years the per cent of the population able to read has nearly doubled. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. The total number of persons attending school in Cuba during the year preceding October 16,1899, was 87,935 (Tables XIX and XXI), or between 5 and 6 per cent of the total population. But in the dis¬ cussion on age it was shown (p. 86) that the children in Cuba between 5 and 15, and so at the ages when school attendance is most common, were unusually numerous. Hence it is better to compare the children attending school with those of school age. From Table XXI it appears that only 1,295 children under 5 or over 17 attended school, that is, less than 1£ per cent of the entire number. The school age may therefore be assumed to be 5-17, and this slight proportion of persons over or under these limits neglected. Population 5-17. Attending school. Population 5-17. Per cent. Cuba. 552,928 86,640 15.7 It has already been shown that the proportion of persons able to read, and probably also the proportion of children attending school, was much higher in the cities of Cuba than in the rural districts. In the following table the facts for the live cities included in Table XXI are given: n City. Population 5-17. Attending school. Population 5-17. Per cent. M a tan/.as. 11,903 4,845 40.7 Cienfuegos. 9, 786 3,794 38.8 Habana . 62,833 20,050 31.9 Puerto Principe. 8,417 2, M2 30.2 Santiago. 14, 946 4,397 29.4 Total. 107,885 35,628 33.0 CENSUS OF CUBA. 1899 EDUCATION POPULATION OVER 10 YEARS OF AGE HABANA MATANZAS _ PINAR DEL RIO PUERTO PRINCIPE SANTIAGO ] ILLITERATE ATTENDED SCHOOL LITERATE | SUPERIOR EDUCATION A.KOfcN CO. BAU'IMORE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 151 On the average in the live cities almost exactly one-third of the children 5-17 attended school during the year preceding the census. If the figures for these cities be subtracted from those for all Cuba, the following results are reached: Population 5-17. Attending school. Population 5-17. Per cent. Cuba outside five cities. 445,043 51,012 11.5 The proportion attending school in the large cities was almost three times that in the rest of the island. In the following table the figures are given for the six provinces after the five large cities have been excluded: Province (excluding all cities of 25,000+). Population 5-17. Attending school. Population 5-17. Per cent. Matanzas. 55,566 9,742 17.5 Habana . 64,856 10,090 15.6 Santa Clara. 117, 303 16,271 13.9 Santiago. 116,942 9,694 8.3 Puerto Principe. 25, 720 1,828 7.1 Pinar del Rio. 64,656 3,387 5.2 Cuba. 445,043 51,012 11.5 Both in its capital city and in the rest of the province Matanzas had a larger proportion of children attending school than any other city or province. It will be noticed that the rank of the provinces in school attendance is often at variance with the rank in regard to the proportion able to read. Thus Puerto Principe ranks next to Habana in literacy, and yet the proportion of persons at school in Puerto Principe was lower than in any other province except Pinar del Bio. The anomaly may be explained by assuming that in the sparsely settled districts children are often taught at the home rather than in a school. In that case the figures regarding school attendance lose much of their significance. Sex .—The following table gives the facts for Cuba by sex: Population 5-17. Attending school. Population 5-17. Per cent. Males. 276,881 276,047 43,697 42,943 15.8 15.6 Females_ Total. 552,928 86,640 15.7 The two sexes attended school in about equal proportions. 152 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Race .—The following table gives the facts regarding school attend¬ ance for Cuba by race: Race. Population 5-17. Attending school. Population 5-17. Per cent. White. 375,882 177,046 62,140 24,500 16.5 13.8 Colored. Total. 552,928 86,640 15.7 The school attendance of the whites was somewhat higher than that of the colored, but the difference was not very great. Age. —In the following table the proportion of school attendants in the several age classes is given: Age. Population. School at¬ tendants. Per cent attending school. 0-4. 130,878 683 0.5 5-9. 226,109 39,876 17.6 10-14. 220,049 43,326 19.7 15-17. 106,770 3,438 3.2 18+. 888,991 612 0.1 Total. 1,572,797 87,935 5.6 The maximum proportion of school attendants was between 10 and 11, but the preceding five-year period shows almost as high a proportion. LITERACY AMONG PERSONS OVER 10 YEARS OF AGE. The majority of persons able to read probably learn to do so in early childhood. Hence it is the usual practice for a census in gath¬ ering information on this topic to disregard all children under a cer¬ tain age. This has not been done in censuses of Spain or the Spanish colonies, but in American census practice all children under 10 are omitted from the illiteracy tables. This classification is made in the present census of Cuba and will be regarded in the following discussion. For reasons already explained, only two classes will be considered—those who are and those who are not able to read. The following table gives the facts for all Cuba: Class. Population 10+. Per cent. Able to read. 525,245 690,565 43 Unable to read. 57 Total. 1,215,810 100 Rather more than two-fifths of the population of Cuba, excluding young children, were able to read, a proportion rather greater than that of New Mexico in 1880 (35 per cent) and less than that of South Car¬ olina in the same year (41.fi per cent), but decidedly less than the pro- CENSUS OF CUBA, 1 899 A Hoen & Co Baltcf Lifh ABILITY TO READ. 153 portion in any American state in 1890, owing to the rapid develop¬ ment of the American school system in the last score of years. Sex .—In the following table the facts are given for Cuba by sex. Class. Population 10 +. Per cent. Males. Females. Males. Females. Able to read. 282,824 242,421 45 42 Unable to read. 351,691 338,874 55 58 Total. 634,515 581,295 100 100 The corresponding per cents for the United States are males, 87.6; females, 85.6; so that in both countries, and indeed in most countries where the information is obtainable, the ability to read is somewhat more general among men than among women. Race .—In the following table the number of persons able to read is given for Cuba with distinction of race and sex: Race and sex. Number. Per cent. Able to read. Unable to read. Total. Able to read. Unable to read. White, males. 232,117 208,962 441,079 52.6 47.4 White, females. 180,528 191,368 371,896 48.5 51.5 Colored, males. 50, 707 142, 729 193,436 26.2 73.8 Colored, females. 61,893 147,506 209,399 29.6 70.4 Total whites. 412,645 400,330 812,975 50.8 49.2 Total colored. 112,600 290,235 402,835 28.0 72.0 From this table it appears that one-half of the wdiites and rather more than one-fourth of the colored were able to read. But among the colored the illiteracy was greater among the males, thus reversing the usual rule. Two reasons for this anomaly may be suggested. Colored men work more largely in the country and less largely in the cities of Cuba than colored women do. In the live cities of over .25,000 were found 27.6 per cent of all colored females over 10 years of age, but only 22.2 per cent of all colored males over 10 years of age. It has been shown that school attendance was larger and illiteracy smaller in the cities than in the rural districts. Hence the sex which is most numerous in cities has better facilities for learning to read and proba¬ bly city life tends to strengthen the desire for this attainment. Then, too, the colored females outnumber the colored males at every age period from 15 to 50 and the males outnumber the females between 50 and 80. This is probably due in part to the survival in Cuba of some thousands of negroes born in Africa, two-fifths of whom are males, and to almost 15,000 Chinese,nearly all of whom are males. Its effect is to make the median age of colored males over 10 fully two years higher than the median age of colored females. And as illiteracy in Cuba is greater among elderly people than it is among those in middle life this higher median age of the colored males would tend to accen¬ tuate the illiteracy of that sex. 154 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Age .—In the following table the proportion of persons able to read in each age group is given for the total population and for the two races: Age period. Per cent literate. Total popu¬ lation. White. Colored. 10-14. 36.0 45.9 +50.3 49.6 47.3 45.1 39.0 33.4 28.1 38.3 49.0 54.3 +55.3 55.2 55.2 53.7 53.0 52.9 31.3 39.2 +40.6 36.0 29.4 23.4 15.6 10.7 7.4 16-19. 20-24. 25-29. 30-34. 35-44. 45—54. 55-64. 65 +. Total. 43.2 50.8 28.0 It appears that the largest proportion was in the age period 20-24; that is, the class whose school years were lived between 1878 and 1895. The illiteracy among whites never rises to one-half except for the age periods 10-19, and is quite uniform. The aged colored are very largely illiterate, but the proportion is lower in the younger groups, reaching its minimum at the period 20-24. These figures indicate an educational system which, during the past generation, has been reaching about the same proportion of whites but a constantly increasing proportion of colored until the confusion and warfare of the last few years seriously impaired its efficiency. OCCUPATIONS. The instructions issued to the Cuban enumerators in Spanish with reference to filling this part of the schedule may be translated as follows: This inquiry (column 11) applies to every person 10 years of age and over having a gainful occupation, and calls for the profession, trade, or branch of work upon which each person depends chiefly for support, or in which he is engaged ordinarily during the larger part of the time. In reporting occupations avoid general or indefinite terms which do not indicate the kind of work done. You need not give a person’s occupation just as he expresses it. If he can not tell intelligibly what he is, find out what he does, and describe his occupation accordingly. For wives and daughters at home engaged in the duties of the household only, write “at home” (en casa). For children not actually at work, write “at school” (estudiante) or “ at home ” (en casa), as the case may be. Spell out the name of the occupation and do not abbreviate in any case. 1 ‘It is desirable that some brief terms should be introduced to describe persons covered by the preceding instructions and accurately but clumsily described as persons engaged in gainful occupations. In the following discussion the terms breadwinners or persons at work will sometimes be used for one class and dependents for the other. Any term must be understood in accordance with these instructions rather than with its usual and popular meaning. OCCUPATIONS. 155 The number of Cubans reported as having gainful occupations was 622,330, or 39.6 per cent of the total population. 1 The figures for Cuba are compared with those for the United States and Porto Pico in the following table: Country. Date. Total popu¬ lation. In gainful occupa¬ tions. Number. Per cent. Cuba. 1899 1,572,797 622,330 39.6 Porto Rico. 1899 953,243 316,365 33.2 United States. 1890 62,622,250 22,735,661 36.3 From these figures it appears that Cuba has about two-fifths of its population engaged in some gainful occupation, while in Porto Rico the proportion is only one-third and in the United States about mid¬ way between the two. Some reasons for the difference will appear as the subject is probed farther. 1 Among these there were 2,053 children under 10 reported as having a gainful occupation. These may all be regarded as enumerators’ errors, but the margin of error they introduce, less than one-third of 1 per cent, is far less than that to which all occupation returns are subject, and may, therefore, be neglected. It is probably true that a certain number of children under 10 in Cuba do work which is a fair equivalent for their living. The number of such children must vary in different parts of the island. But, according to the instructions quoted above, none of these should have been reported. Hence the reported number is dependent upon two variables, first, the actual number in the districts, and secondly, the heedlessness of the enumerators in reporting such answers contrary to the instructions. The pro¬ portion of such returns to the total of persons reported as having gainful occupations may afford, therefore, a very rough test of the exactness with which enumerators followed their instructions in this particular. From this point of view the follow¬ ing table is of interest: In gainful occupations. Province. Children Per 1OUxl. under 10. cent. Puerto Principe. 31,822 30 .094 Habana citv. 108,000 224 .207 Habana (excluding city). 75,961 190 .250 Santiago. 108,777 317 .291 Santa Clara. 144,612 591 .409 Manta nzas. 85,296 353 .414 Pinar del Rio. 67,862 348 .513 Cuba. 622,330 2,053 .330 This instruction was most carefully observed in Puerto Principe and most over¬ looked in Pinar del liio. 156 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. The absolute and relative number of persons engaged in gainful occupations in the several provinces was as follows: Province. Population. In gainful occupa¬ tions. Number. Per cent. Santiago. 327,715 108,777 33.2 Puerto Principe. 88,234 31,822 36.1 Pinar del Rio. 173,064 67,862 39.2 Habana (excluding city). 188,823 75,961 40.2 Santa Clara. 356,536 144,612 40.6 Matanzas. 202,444 85,296 42.1 Habana (city). 235,981 108,000 45.8 The relative number of breadwinners was as low in Santiago as in Porto Kico and as low in Puerto Principe as in the United States. In Pinar del ltio it was about the average for the island, while in the three central provinces it was above the average, and highest of all in Habana city. The range in Cuba between the highest and lowest divisions was 12.6 per cent, while in the United States the range between the high¬ est (Montana) and lowest (West Virginia) states was 25.1 per cent. The position of Habana city in the preceding table suggests that gainful occupations may be more general in cities than in rural dis¬ tricts. To determine Avhether this is true, the following table has been prepared: • In gainful occupations. City. Population. Per cent in Number. Per cent. prov nice containing city. Cardenas . 21,940 8,741 39.8 42.1 Cienfuegos . 30,038 11,485 38.2 40.6 Guanabucoa. 13,965 5,281 37.8 43.3 Habana. 235,981 108,000 45.8 43.3 Manzanillo. 14,464 4,595 31.8 33.2 Matanzas. 36,374 14,320 39.4 42.1 Pinar del Rio. 8,880 3,986 44.9 39.2 Puerto Principe. 25,102 8,438 33.6 36.1 Regia. 11,363 4,305 37.9 43.3 Sagua la Grande. 12,728 5,229 41.1 40.6 Sancti Spiritus. 12,696 3,868 30.5 40.6 Santa Clara. 13,763 5,222 37. 9 40.6 Santiago. 43,090 16,741 38.9 33.2 Trinidad. 11,120 2,947 26.5 40.6 Total cities. 491,504 203,158 41.3 Rural.. 1,081,293 419,172 38.8 Cuba. 1,572,797 6», 330 39.6 Gainful occupations arc more common in cities than in the rural districts; but the figures for the several cities show that this is due -to the dominant influence of Habana, which had nearly as many inhab¬ itants and more than as many persons engaged in gainful occupations as all the other thirteen cities combined. Of the other thirteen cities ten had a smaller proportion of breadwinners than the province in CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 CUBA OCCUPATIONS BY RACE, SEX, AND NATIONALITY A4h NATIVE IBS M U WHITE FEMALE FOREIGN -MALE- ALE I ]] COLORED -I-r WHITE- fEMALE -L FEMALE ~7 -- AGRICULTURE TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURING PROFESSIONS PERSONAL SERVICE NO GAINFUL OCCUPATION A HOES a CO 8ATUMOOT- OCCUPATIONS. 157 which they lie. In the 58 American cities containing each over 50,000 inhabitants the per cent in gainful occupations in 1890 was 42.8, while for the rest of the country it was only 34.8. In this respect the difference between city and country in Cuba is apparently less than half what it is in the United States. This difference between the two countries may be connected with the high proportion of females in Cuban cities already mentioned in the paragraph on sex (p. 83) and with the small proportion of female breadwinners on the island, which will appear from the next paragraph. Breadwinners classified by sex .—The following table gives the abso¬ lute and relative number of males and of females reported as engaged in gainful occupations in Cuba. For comparative purposes the figures for Porto Rico and the United States have been included. Country. Males. In gainful occupa¬ tions . Females. In gainful occupa¬ tions. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Cuba. 815,205 555,974 G8.2 757,592 00,350 8.8 Porto Rico. 472,201 208,004 50.9 480,982 47, 701 9.9 United States (1890). 32,007, 880 18,821,090 58.7 30,554,370 3,914,571 12.8 From this table it appears that the larger proportion of breadwin¬ ners in Cuba holds only of the males. Among Cuban women the pro¬ portion in gainful occupations was smaller than it was in either Porto Rico or the United States, but with males the case was very different. The percentage of them remuneratively employed in Cuba was one-sixth higher than in either of the other countries. Among 10 males of all ages in Cuba 7 were at work, while in Porto Rico and the United States fewer than 6 were so engaged. Further information regarding this difference will be obtained in the course of the analysis. In the following table the relative number of breadwinners is given for each province, classified by sex: Province. Males. In gainful occupa¬ tions. Females. In gainful occupa¬ tions. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Habana. 221,990 103,720 91,088 159,014 71,721 03,974 27,352 132,788 100,525 71.9 202,814 98, 718 81,370 43,335 107,479 103,870 24,347 13,575 12.0 Matanzas. 09 2 13.7 Pinar del Rio. 09.8 3,888 4,470 11,824 8,252 4.8 Puerto Principe. 44^ 899 189,057 103,845 00.9 10.3 Santa Clara . . 70.2 7.1 Santiago. 01.4 5.0 The maximum proportion of breadwinners among males was in Ilabana and the minimum in Puerto Principe. But with females the maximum was in Matanzas and the minimum in Pinar de Rio. Ilence the two sexes are affected by different conditions. 158 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. The high position of Pinar del Rio in the column for males suggests that gainful occupations for males may be quite as common in the country as in the cities. That Santiago had fewest breadwinners is due to the fact that in the column for each sex it ranks next to last. That Puerto Principe had more is because a large number of female bread¬ winners somewhat neutralize the small number of males, which was less than anywhere else. In Pinar del Rio the conditions were reversed, a high proportion of male breadwinners was partly offset by few females. In Santa Clara more males were at work than anywhere else except Habana. Matanzas held fourth place among males, but was lifted to the second place for the total by the fact that more females were at work there than in any other province. Habana, holding first place among males and second among females, was first in the total. Closer examination shows that female breadwinners were apparently more numerous in provinces with large urban population. To test this the provinces may be arranged as follows: Provinces in the order — Of urban population: Habana. Matanzas. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago. Pinar del Rio. Of females in gainful occupations: Matanzas. Habana. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago. Pinar del Rio That the two vary together supports the hypothesis. It will there¬ fore be more closely tested by the following table: Per cent of total females who were reported as in gainful occupations with distinction of city and country. Province. Urban. Rural. « Habana . 15.6 6.1 Matanzas. 19.1 11.3 Pinar del Rio. 24.6 3.6 Puerto Principe. 14.1 8.5 Santa Clara. 13.0 5.0 Santiago. 14.0 2.9 Cuba. 15.5 5.4 Female breadwinners were always more numerous and usually sev- eral times more numerous in the cities than in the surrounding country. The proportion of women in gainful occupations in the rural districts was lowest in Santiago and highest in Matanzas; but in the cities it was lowest in Santa Clara and highest in Pinar del Rio. The high pro¬ portion of women at work in the city of Pinar del Rio is probably connected with the character of the industries. The city above all others is a tobacco town. In no other of the fourteen cities separately reported was one-fifth of the female population engaged in gainful OCCUPATIONS. 159 occupations, but in Pinar del Rio nearly one-fourth were so occupied. The smallest proportion of women in gainful occupations was in Trin¬ idad and Manzanillo. In the United States in 1890 20.1 per cent of the females in cities of over 50,000 inhabitants and 11.1 per cent of the females in the rest of the United States were breadwinners. With regard to the proportion of women at work, therefore, urban Cuba differs much more from rural Cuba than urban United States does from rural United States. But in this comparison the line between urban and rural is drawn at 50,000 inhabitants in the United States and with a single exception at 10,000 in Cuba. Breadwinners classified by age. —According to the i nstructions already quoted, the question about occupation was put only to persons ten years of age or more. Hence, in comparing the persons engaged in gainful occupations with the population, it is better to disregard the children under 10. This is done in the table below. Country. Persons 10-K In gainful occupa¬ tions. Number. Per cent. Cuba. 1,215,810 622,330 51.2 Porto Rico. G59,294 316,365 48.0 United States (1890). 47,413,559 22,735,661 47.9 With the elimination of the child?*en under 10, who were nearly 31 per oent of the total in Porto Rico, but less than 25 per cent in the United States, the difference between those two countries, shown in a former table (p. 155), almost disappears. But the difference between these two countries on the one hand and Cuba on the other still persists. In the following table the analysis is carried into the provinces: Province. Persons 10 + . In gainful occupa¬ tions. Number. Per cent. Santiago. 238,017 63, 786 151,206 279,327 130,307 159,297 193, 870 108,777 31,822 75,961 144,612 67,862 85,296 108,000 45.7 49.9 50.2 51.8 52.1 53.5 55.7 Puerto Principe. Habana (excluding city). Santa Clara. Pinar del Rio. Matanzas. Habana (city). The difference between Santiago and Habana cit} r , which was 12.0 per cent when the total population was used as a basis (p. 156), was only 10 per cent, owing to the fact already noted (p, 91), that Habana city had few and Santiago many children. Pinar del Rio, having a larger population under 10 than Santa Clara or Habana province out¬ side the city (p. 90), stood above these two in the proportion of persons engaged in gainful occupations as soon as the children Avere excluded. 160 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. With this exception, the order of the provinces remains the same. Gainful occupations among adults were more common in the western half of the island, and reached their maximum in the city of Habana. As it has already been shown that outside of Habana gainful occupa¬ tions were less common in Cuban cities than in the provinces contain¬ ing them (p. 156), no further analysis by cities seems needed. In the following table the number and per cent of persons in gain¬ ful occupations is given by details of age: In gainful occupations. Age period. Number of In Cuba. Per cent in persons. Number. Per cent. the United States (1890). 0-9. 356,987 220,049 2,053 54,189 0.6 10-14 . 24.6 8.6 15-19 . 178,035 86,948 48.8 42.9 20-24 . 25-29 . 152,959 137,405 85,932 79,895 56.2 57.7 61.4 59.1 30-34 . 118,812 70,484 59.3 35-44 . 185,0.56 111,778 60.4 57.7 45-54 . 117,528 70,815 60.3 56.4 55-64 . 68,182 40,587 59.5 54.1 65+. 37,699 19,606 52.0 41.6 Unknown. 85 43 50.6 59.6 Total. 1,572,797 622,330 39.6 36.3 Nearly one-fourth of all Cubans between 10 and 15 years of age and nearly half of those between 15 and 20 were engaged in some form of gainful occupation. Between 25 and 65 the proportion was uniformly about three-hfths, and in the latest age period, including all persons above 65, more than half the population were at work. When the figures in the last two columns of the preceding table are compared some noteworthy differences between Cuba and the United States appear. Among children 10-14 gainful employment was nearly three times as common in Cuba as in the United States and almost as com¬ mon as among the colored population alone of the United States (25.1 per cent). This fact is closely connected not merely with the poverty of the masses in Cuba, but also with her backward industrial condi¬ tion and the slight development of the school system, which has appeared from the illiteracy and education tables. For the years 20-35 the proportion of breadwinners in the two countries was about the same, but the percentage falls off more rapidly in the United States than in Cuba. These proportions indicate that gainful work begins earlier in life and continues to a later age in Cuba than it does in the United States. CENSUS OF CUBA, 1 899 CUBA OCCUPATIONS BY PROVINCES L -IABAN/ r _ AT ANZAs i, N 1 / -PINAR DEL _ RIC s - J rr PUER1 "0 PRINCIPE _ SANTA CLAR/ _ C SANTIAGO ) _ _ AGRICULTURE TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURING PROFESSIONS PERSONAL SERVICE NO GAINFUL OCCUPATION A WOEN a CO - BALTIMOHF. OCCUPATIONS. 161 Breadwinners classified by age and sex .—In the following table the number of persons of each sex and the specified age engaged in gainful occupations is given: Number of persons of sex and age specified who were engaged in gainful occupations. Age period. Total persons Persons in gainful iotai persons. occupations. Male. Female. Male. Female. 0-9. 10-14. 15-19. 20-24. 25-29. 30-34. 35-44. 45-54. 55-64.-. 65 +. Unknown age. Total. 180,690 112,399 84,346 79,008 73,206 64,023 101,305 64,096 37,099 18,976 57 176,297 107,650 93,689 73,951 64,199 54,789 83, 751 53, 432 31,083 18, 723 28 1,638 49, 398 77, 303 77, 515 72,133 63,126 99, 567 62,463 35, 677 17,115 - 39 415 4, 791 9, 645 8,417 7, 762 7,358 12,211 8,352 4,910 2,491 4 815,205 757, 592 555,974 66, 356 From the figures contained in the preceding table the percentages contained in the following have been computed, and for comparison the percentages for the United States are included: Per cent of persons of sex and age specified who were engaged in gainful occupations. Males in— Females in— Age period. Cuba. United States. Cuba. United States. 0-9. 0.9 0.2 10-14. 44.0 11.2 4.5 5.9 15-19. 91.6 58.6 10.3 27.4 20-24. 98.1 92.0 11.4 30.6 25-29. 98.5 } 97.4 I 12.0 } 17.3 30-34. 98.6 1 13.4 35-44. 98.3 97.9 14.6 13.2 45-54. 97.5 96.6 15.6 12.9 55-64. 96.2 92.9 15.8 12.0 65+. 90.2 73.8 13.3 8.3 Unknown age. 68.4 75.8 14.3 30.8 Total. 68.2 58.7 8.8 12.8 Perhaps the most noteworthy conclusion to be drawn from this table is that the large proportion of males of all ages who were gainfully employed in Cuba as compared with the United States (see p. 157) is due not so much to a larger proportion during the years of maximum efficiency, for the proportion of men between 25 and 55 years old who were at work in the two countries was not very different, but is due, rather, to the fact that men begin to work in Cuba as young boys and continue to work into advanced years. This appears clearly in the table, but perhaps the difference between the two countries can be made more conspicuous by the following table, in which the proportion of males of a given age in the United States who were at work is treated as 100 21662-11 162 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. per cent and the relative proportion of persons of the same age at work in Cuba is computed on that basis: Ratio between, proportion of males at work in Cuba at age specified and those at work in the United States (=100 per cent). Age period: 10-14. 392 15-19. 156 20-24. 107 25-34. 101 35-44. 100 45-54. 101 55-64. 104 65+. 122 Of boys between 10 and 15 nearly four times as large a proportion were at work in Culm as in the United States. The proportion of young men 15-10 at work is over 50 per cent greater, and of those 20-21 the excess was 7 per cent; but between 25 and 55 the average difference was only about 1 per cent. For men 55 to 61 it rose again to between 3 and 1 per cent, and of men over 65 the proportion at work in Cuba was over one-fifth greater than in the United States. The difference § between the two countries may be due in part to the difference in the character of the industries. An effort to ascertain whether this is so will be made when the figures for classes of industries are analyzed. But in very large part doubtless it is a result of the burdens, indus¬ trial and political, under which the island has been struggling of recent years. Boys and old men in Cuba have had to work in order to earn a livelihood, while in the United States many of the former have been securing for themselves, by school attendance and otherwise, a greater earning power in later years, and many of the latter class have with¬ drawn from gainful occupations and live on their own savings or on the surplus from other members of the household. In the two columns for women a remarkable difference appears between the two countries. The proportion of Cuban women who were engaged in gainful occupations, while always small, rises steadily, though slowly, to a maximum at the age period 55-64. In the United States it rises very rapidly to a maximum almost twice as great in the age period 20-24. It then falls almost as abruptly, and for ages above 35 it is actually lower than in Cuba. This suggests that in Cuba the duties of wife and mother may be combined not infrequently with some gainful occupation, while in the United States the two classes of duties are more often successive and less often simultaneous. From the figures in Table XXX one may compute that among the female breadwinners of Cuba, nearly three-fourths of whom were colored, (p. 163) over one-fifth (21.2) were living in lawful or consensual mar¬ riage. Among the female breadwinners of the United States in 1890 o o OCCUPATIONS. 163 about one-eighth (13.2 per cent) were married, but among the colored female breadwinners of that country over one-fourth (27.7 percent) were married. Breadwinners classified by race .—In the following table the absolute and relative number of persons engaged in gainful occupations is given with distinction of race: Per cent of breadwinners by race. Race. Population. In gainful occupa¬ tions. Number. Per cent. White. 1,052,397 520,400 403,059 219,271 38.3 42.1 Colored. Total. 1,572,797 622,330 39.6 This shows that the proportion of breadwinners was somewhat higher among the colored than among the whites. In the following table the corresponding per cents for the United States (1890) and Porto Pico are introduced: Per cent of breadwinners. Country. Among whites. Among colored. Differ¬ ence. Cuba. 38.3 42.1 3.8 Porto Rico.. 32.2 34.8 2.6 United States, 1890 . 35.5 41.8 6.3 The difference between the two races appears in all three countries, but in Cuba is greater than in Porto Pico and less than in the United States. To understand these differences better the classification by sex ma} r be added to that by race. Breadwinners classified by race and sex .—The following table gives the absolute and relative numbers for all Cuba: Breadwinners classified by race and sex. Number. Race and sex. Total popu¬ lation. In gainful Per occupa¬ tions. cent. White males. 563,113 385,470 68.4 Colored males. 252,092 170,504 67.6 White females. 489,284 17,589 3.6 Colored females. 268,308 48, 767 18.2 Total. 1,572,797 622,330 39.6 The difference between white and colored among males is too small to be weighty or significant. The difference between the two races is 104 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. due entirely to the fact that gainful occupations are followed by col- ’ ored women to about five times the extent that they are by white women. To determine whether this is true also of other countries the percentage figures are given side by side in the following table: Per cent of breadwinners. Country. Among males. Among females. White. Colored. White. Colored. Cuba. 68.4 67.6 3.6 18.2 Porto Rico. 57.0 56.7 7.5 13.8 United States (1890). 58.9 57.4 11.0 25.8 In all three countries the proportion of breadwinners among white males was slightly higher than the proportion among colored males; but in all three this difference is outweighed by the fact that colored women are at work much more generally than white women. The difference between the women of the two races in this regard, how¬ ever, was far more marked in Cuba than in either Porto Rico or the United States. Cuba had a proportion of males of each race at work much larger than in either other country. The proportion of white women at work was about one-half that in Porto Rico and one-third that in the United States. But the proportion of colored women at work, while below that in the United States, was higher than that in Porto Rico. Breadwinners classified as native and foreign born .—This distinction is made in the occupation tables only for the whites. The colored for¬ eign born, of whom Table X shows that there are about 30,000 (30,382) in Cuba—mainly Chinese and Africans—must be disregarded. The facts for the whites are given in the following table, by race and sex: Race and sex. Population. In gainful occu¬ pations. Number. Per cent. Native white males. 447,373 115,740 462,926 26,358 274,365 111,105 14,884 61.3 Foreign-born white males. 96.0 Native white females. 3.2 Foreign-horn white females. 2,705 10.3 Total whites.. 1,052,397 403,059 38.3 Hardly a moment's reflection is needed to detect the cause of the wide difference indicated in the preceding table between the native and the foreign-born of each sex and to reveal the insignificant character of such a table taken alone. The immigrant whites of both sexes are mainly adults, and the large proportion of workers among them is not because they are of foreign birth but is because they are adult. Hence if there is any real difference between these two classes of whites, to OCCUPATIONS. 165 discover it groups of the same age must be compared. This is done in the following table: Per cent of breadwinners classified by race, nativity, sex, and age. Age period. Males. Females. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Native white. Foreign white. Colored 0- 9. 0.7 1.8 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.5 10-14 . 43.8 57.9 43.6 2.2 4.3 9.1 15-19 . 90.0 97.3 93.5 5.1 9.6 20.6 20-24 . 97.2 99.3 98.8 5.1 11.1 23.2 25-29 . 98.0 99.1 98.9 4.6 13.2 24.9 30-34 . 98.0 99.2 99.1 4.9 13.2 27.2 35-44 . 97.6 98.5 99.2 5.1 12.5 29.2 45-54 . 96.4 96.7 99.0 4.3 10.2 30.8 55-64 . 94.2 93.3 98.7 3.9 9.1 29.6 65+. 87.7 83.1 93.3 2.3 5.5 22.9 Unknown. 62.5 87.5 58.8 9.0 0.0 0.0 This table shows that among females the foreign-born whites uni¬ formly were at work in larger proportions than the native white but in much smaller proportions than the colored. This may be connected with the concentration of the foreign-born of both sexes in the cities and the larger opportunities which cities afford for women to find work. Among males the proportion of foreign-born whites below 35 who were at work is greater than the proportion in either other class, but at later ages the proportion of colored breadwinners was higher, and after 55 the proportion of native whites was also higher. It is note¬ worthy, too, that the maximum proportion in gainful occupations for each sex was reached later for the colored than for either class of whites. Breadwinners classified by kind of occupation .—The occupations in which persons are engaged are grouped by the census into five main classes. Arranged in the order of their prevalence, the groups are: 1. Agriculture, fisheries, and mining. 2. Domestic and personal service. 3. Manufacturing and mechanical industries. 4. Trade and transportation. 5. Professional service. The first class includes all persons engaged in the so-called extractive industries or those concerned with getting the wealth out of the earth or water, the third class includes those who transform the raw material furnished by the extractive industries into new forms or combinations, the fourth class includes all engaged in giving place or time values to wealth by moving it from a place where it is less needed to a place where it is more needed, or by saving it from a time when it is less needed till a time when it is more needed, while the second and fifth classes include all whose contribution to society is in the form of personal services rather than of goods or of services upon goods. The line of division between these groups or classes is often obscure, and in many individual cases serious difficulties arise regard- 166 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. ing the best group to which a person or an occupation should be assigned under the imperfect description found on the schedule. The population of Cuba engaged in gainful occupations was divided as follows among the live groups: Occupation group. Number. Per cent of total in gainful oc¬ cupations. Agriculture, fisheries, and mining. 299,197 141,936 93,034 79,427 8,736 48.1 Domestic and personal service. 22.8 Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits. 14.9 Trade and transportation. 12.8 Professional service. 1.4 Total. 622,330 100.0 Nearly one-half of all workers were engaged in agriculture and over one-fifth in domestic and personal service. About one in seven was in manufacturing and mechanical industries, and one in eight in trade and transportation. In the following table the per cents for Cuba and the United States are put side by side. Per cent of breadwinners in each group of occupations. Occupation group. Cuba. United States (1890). Agriculture, fisheries, and mining. 48.1 39.7 Domestic and personal service. 22.8 19.2 Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits. 14.9 22.4 Trade and transportation. 12.8 14.6 Professional service. 1.4 4.1 Total. 100.0 100.0 The main difference in occupations between the two countries is that Cuba is more confined to agriculture and gives less attention to manufacturing and mechanical pursuits than do the United States. The small proportion of the professional class in Cuba is also note¬ worthy. Breadwinners by class of occupation and sex .—The sex of the work¬ ers has great influence upon the character of the work chosen or assigned. This appears in the following table: Breadwinners by occupation , group , and sex. -r Sex named in gainful occupations in class named. Occupation group. Number. Per cent. Per cent in United States (1890). Males. Females. Males. Fefhales. Males. Females. Agriculture, fisheries, and mining . 292,331 6,866 52.6 10.3 44.3 17.4 Domestic and personal service .... Manufacturing and mechanical 95,769 46,167 17.2 69.6 14.3 42.6 pursuits. 82,012 11,022 14.7 16.6 21.6 26.2 Trade and transportation. 78,766 661 14.2 1.0 16.4 5.8 Professional service. 7,096 1,640 1.3 2.5 3.4 8.0 Total. 555,974 66,356 100.0 *100.0 100.0 100.0 OCCUPATIONS AND PERSONS TO A BUILDING. 167 One-half of the males at work in Cuba were engaged in agriculture, etc., but only one-tenth of the females. In the United States the proportion of males in agriculture was less, but of females was greater. In both countries the females were mainly in the class of domestic and personal service, but in Cuba this class includes about seven-tenths of all women at work, while in the United States it includes only a little over four-tenths. In both countries women who go to work at all go into manufacturing and mechanical industries in rather larger proportions than men do. SANITARY CONDITION OF DWELLINGS AND UNOCCUPIED HOUSES. In the present census all buildings, whether occupied October 16, 1899, or not, were reported by the enumerators, and the facts regard¬ ing the provisions in them for supplying water and for disposing of garbage and excreta were ascertained. Before proceeding to a dis¬ cussion of these topics a brief analysis of this return of buildings may be made. The total number of buildings in Cuba, whether occupied or not, was 297,905, or 5.3 persons to a building. The average number of persons to a building, occupied or unoccupied, may be computed from those tables. The provinces range as follows: Province. Persons to a building. Province. Persons to a building. Santa Clara. 4.7 Puerto Principe. 5.2 Santiago. 4.8 Pinar del Rio. 5.4 Matanzas. 4.8 Habana city. 8.8 Habana (exclusive of city). 5.0 In Habana city there was one building of some sort to each 9 persons; elsewhere in Cuba one to each 5. In Porto Rico there were 5.3 persons to a building, or about the same as in Cuba outside Habana. The pre¬ ceding table suggests that in the cities of Cuba the ratio of buildings to population was probably less than in the rural districts. The facts upon this point are brought out more clearly in the following table: District. Popula¬ tion. Buildings. Persons to a building 14 cities. 491,504 79,077 6.2 Rest of Cuba. 1,08i; 293 218,828 4.9 The average number of persons to a building was much less in all cities together than it is in Habana. Hence the other cities must have had a relatively small number of persons to a building. All Id cities except Pinar del Rio and Habana had a smaller number of persons to a building than the average for all cities, and 8 of the id had as small a number as 168 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. the average in the rural districts of the island. The smallest number of persons to a building was found in the cities of Santa Clara province, except Cienfuegos. Of the 297,905 buildings in Cuba, 262,724, or about seven-eighths (88.2 per cent), were occupied, and 35,181, or one-eighth (11.8 per cent), were unoccupied. The number and ratio of unoccupied buildings to the total was as follows: Province. Total buildings. Unoccu¬ pied buildings. Per cent unoccu¬ pied. Habana . . 64,229 5,474 8.5 Puerto Principe. 16,997 1,672 9.8 Santa Clara. 74,995 9,599 12.8 Santiago. 67.891 8,673 12.8 Pinar del Rio. 32,042 4,155 13 Matanzas. 41,751 5,608 13.4 The positions of Habana and Pinar del Rio suggest that unoccupied buildings may be more common in the country. The following table gives the number and proportion of unoccupied buildings in the 14 cities separately reported: Unoccu- Per cent District. Buildings. pied buildings. unoccu¬ pied. 14 cities. 78,915 8,338 10.5 Rest of Cuba. 218,990 26,843 12.3 To ascertain whether the number of unoccupied buildings was unusu¬ ally large because of recent disturbances, the figures for Porto Rico may be used for comparison. On that island 11.3 per cent of the build¬ ings were reported as unoccupied. It seems, therefore, that the pro¬ portion in'Cuba was not exceptional. Passing to the occupied buildings or dwellings, one may examine the average number of persons to each. In this respect the provinces rank as follows: Province. Persons to a dwelling. Province. Persons to a dwelling. Santa Clara..... 5.5 Pinar del Rio. 6.2 Santiago. 5.5 Habana city. 9.4 Habana (exclusive of city). MatanzaR . 5.6 5.6 Cuba. 6.0 Puerto Principe. 5.8 In the United States in 1890 there were 5.5 persons to a dwelling. The table does not show that the average dwelling was more crowded in Habana city than in Santa Clara, for in the one case the dwelling may be more roomy. The dwelling is an unsatisfactory unit of measure, just because it can not be defined. Hence thorough and accurate PERSONS TO A DWELLING. 169 knowledge of local conditions is requisite to interpret such a table as the foregoing. Yet, if the dwellings of Cuba be divided into two classes, city dwellings and country dwellings, some progress may be made. This is done in the following table: District. Popula¬ tion. Dwellings. Persons to a dwelling. 14 cities. 491,504 1,081,293 70,739 191,985 6.9 Rest of Cuba. 5.6 There were rather more persons to a dwelling in the cities of Cuba, but the difference is in no wise what the figures for Habana city in the earlier table would lead one to expect. In many of the other cities of Cuba, therefore, the number of persons to a dwelling must be low. Indeed, when the figures as a whole for the 13 cities outside Habana are compared with the rural districts, it appears that in those cities there were on the average 5.6 persons to a dwelling, or just the same number as in the country. In the following table the figures are given for the urban and rural population of each province: Province. Persons to a dwell¬ ing. In urban districts. In rural districts. Habana. 8.9 5.6 Matanzas. 5.9 5.5 Pinar del Rio. 7.6 6.2 Puerto Principe.. 5.2 6.0 Santa Clara. . *. 5.4 5.5 Santiago. 5.5 5.6 Cuba. 6.9 5.6 In the three western provinces there were more persons to a dwelling in the cities, although outside of Habana province the difference was slight; but in the three eastern provinces the position is reversed. It may be inferred that the dwelling in Cuban cities outside Habana is not much more roomy than it is in the rural districts, for space in a city is usually more valuable than in the country, and if the average city dwelling were larger it would probably contain more inhabitants. In this respect there is a marked difference between the Cuban figures and those for the large cities of the United States. The fifty-eight American cities each having over 50,000 inhabitants had 7.3 persons to a dwelling in 1890, and the rest of the country only 5.2. Still only three American cities had more persons to a dwelling than Habana. Dwellings and families .—By comparing the number of dwellings with the number of families in Table XL, one may ascertain the ratio between the census families and the dwellings. Every dwelling con¬ tains at least one family, for, as already explained, one person living 170 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. alone is for census purposes a family, and an unoccupied place of habitation is not a dwelling. As certain dwellings contain two or more families, the number of census families must exceed the number of dwellings. The figures for Cuba, compared with those for the United States and Porto Rico, are given below: Country. Number of families. Number of dwellings. Families to 100 dwell¬ ings. Cuba. 327,965 181,594 12,690,152 262,724 158,305 11,483,318 125 Porto Rico. 115 United States. 111 From these figures it appears that there were more families to 100 dwellings in Cuba than in either Porto Rico or the United States. In the following table the figures are given separately for each province and for the city of Habana: Province. Families to 100 dwell¬ ings. Province. Families to 100 dwell¬ ings. Santa Clara. 110 Puerto Principe. 122 Santiago. 110 Matanzas. 124 Pinar del Rio. 112 Habana (city) ...;. 227 Habana (excluding city). 118 The families to 100 dwellings in Cuba, outside the city of Habana, were 114, or slightly less than in Porto Rico, but rather more than in the United States. Habana city had more than 2 families to each dwelling, a relation which held in the United States only for New York, Brooklyn, and Fall River among the fifty largest cities of the country. , SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY IN CUBA. The original source of water supply in Cuba, as elsewhere, is rain¬ fall. This rain may fall on a building and be guided into and stored in a cistern, or may fall on and percolate through the ground either under or upon the surface. Flowing water may be obtained for human use as it comes to the surface either in a natural spring or an artificial well. Or it may be obtained as it flows over the surface either in a natural water course or in an artificial water course or aqueduct. Accordingly the census recognizes four sources of water supply, as follows: 1. Cistern for rain water. 2. Spring or well for ground water. 3. Water from a natural stream. 4. Water from an artificial aqueduct. SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY. 171 As many homes in Cuban cities take water from street vendors, the answers given to the enumerators at the houses regarding the source from which the vendors obtain it maybe open to some slight question, but there seems little reason to deny the substantial correctness of the returns. These four sources are drawn upon for a water supply in the fol¬ lowing proportions: Source of water supply. Number of dwellngs supplied from source named. Per cent of total dwell¬ ings. Cisterns for rain water. 120,621 74,363 41,748 17,766 8,226 46 Stream. 28 Aqueduct. 16 Spring or well. 7 Not specified. 3 Total. 262,724 100 Nearly half the dwellings in Cuba got water from cisterns and more than one-fourth from streams, or three-fourths from these two sources. The proportion using each of these four sources in each province is shown in the following table: Province. Per cent of dwellings obtaining water from source named. Total. Cistern. Stream. Aque¬ duct. Well. Not specified. • Habana (city!. 4 1 82 1 12 100 Habana (excluding city). 79 9 5 3 4 100 Matanzas. 78 4 14 1 3 100 Pinar del Rio. 34 61 1 2 2 100 Puerto Principe. 56 20 0 21 3 100 Santa Clara. 55 20 9 14 2 100 Santiago. 18 61 14 6 1 100 Cuba. 46 28 16 7 3 100 Cisterns were used least in the capital, but with that exception were least common in the two provinces at the ends of the island, where one-sixth (Santiago) or one-third (Pinar del Rio) of the houses derived water from this source. The other four provinces fall into two groups, an eastern, Puerto Principe and Santa Clara, in which one-half of the houses used cisterns, and a western, Habana outside the city and Matanzas, in which nearly four-fifths of the houses relied on cisterns. Where cisterns were most used streams were least used for water. In the provinces at the ends of Cuba about three-fifths of the houses relied on streams; in the east central group one-fifth, and in the west central group less than one-tenth. About five-sixths of the houses in Habana city derived water from an aqueduct. In Matanzas and Santiago the proportion was about one-seventh, elsewhere less than one-tenth. In the following tables the per cent of dwellings using these several 172 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. sources of water supply is given for each of the fourteen cities sepa¬ rately reported and then for the districts outside those cities by provinces. City. Per cent of urban dwellings obtaining water from sources named. Total. Aque¬ duct. Cistern. Stream. Well. Not spec¬ ified. Cardenas. 25 68 0 3 4 100 Cienfuegos. 42 7 0 47 4 100 Guanabacoa . 1 86 0 3 10 100 Habana. 83 4 0 1 12 100 Manzanillo.-. 0 31 30 38 1 100 Matanzas . 55 39 0 1 5 100 Pinar del Rio. 0 90 6 1 3 100 Puerto Principe. 0 54 0 41 5 100 Regia. 1 46 0 45 8 100 Sagua la Grande. 53 1 8 36 2 100 Sancti Spiritus. 73 8 17 0 2 100 Santa Clara. 0 89 0 10 1 100 Santiago. 94 0 3 1 2 100 Trinidad. 0 0 11 87 2 100 Urban Cuba. 53 23 3 14 7 100 The most incomplete returns under this head were from the cities in Habana province. The seven cities which apparently had a municipal water supply stand out sharply in the first column, and in the order of the proportion of houses supplied with water through an aqueduct they rank as follows: Santiago, Habana, Sancti Spiritus, Matanzas, Sagua la Grande, Cienfuegos, and Cardenas. The following notes regarding the water supply of these cities have been derived from various sources: CARDENAS. Since 1872, Cardenas has had an aqueduct which supplies water from a subterra¬ nean river one mile distant from the town, which furnishes an abundant supply at a cost of about $3 gold per month for each faucet. The well water and that from underground cisterns is brackish and not potable, so that, as a rule, the poor purchase water from the street carriers. (Military Notes on Cuba.) CIENFUEGOS. The commencement of a waterworks system has been made, and the water tower, standing at an elevation of over 100 feet above the harbor level, is one of the striking features of the landscape; but at last accounts the company had not begun to furnish water, and the sole source of supply was from underground cisterns, the owners of which derive a handsome revenue from selling water to their less fortunate neigh¬ bors. (Clark.) The supply of water is absolutely inadequate to the demands of the city. The hotels and a few residences have cement cisterns built in the ground and use rain water; but the chief supply comes from a small stream, the Jicotea River, a small branch of the Caiman. The water is pumped into two aqueducts. The principal one, which is called after the Jicotea River, holds 400,000 liters; a smaller one, the Bouffartique, holds 300,000 liters. Pipes from these two aqueducts run through a few of the streets above ground alongside the curbing. The gates are open only two hours daily. The hospitals use this water after boiling. As a remedy for this con¬ dition, I am told there was a project to bring water from a point 20 miles distant from SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY. 173 the falls of the Havabanilla River, 1,200 feet above the sea. Absolute freedom from pollution was claimed. It was abandoned on account of the war. The estimated cost of this work was $1,000,000. The Jicotea aqueduct is simply a large open cistern built of rocks and cement. There are about 200 wells in the city, but infected. (United States Sanitary Inspector D. E. Dudley, quoted by R. P. Porter.) HABANA. The present water supply of Habana is excellent, being derived from the pure and extensive springs of Yento, about 9 miles distant from the city. The present aque¬ duct, completed in 1893 or 1894, was begun in 1861, and is known as El Canal de Albear. At the source of supply there is a large stone basin into which the springs or, more properly, subterranean streams bubble. At one side is a magnificent gate¬ house. From this runs the aqueduct, which is an egg-shaped brick tunnel, generally under ground, but marked at frequent intervals along its route by turrets of brick and stone. The present water supply enters the city through the suburb of Cerro, which formerly had few, if any, connections with it, the population of this suburb purchasing their water from the street carriers. There is an old aqueduct also run¬ ning into the city, built as early as 1597, known as the Zanja. The source of this water supply was, or is, the Almendares River, only about 2 miles away, the water of which was unquestionably impure. There are but few wells and cisterns in the city, and to-day nearly all of the water used is pure. It should perhaps be said that the waterworks enterprise is a municipal affair. (Clark.) The present water supply of Habana is excellent, although it is used by only a por¬ tion of the population. It comes from the enormous springs on the banks of the Almendares River, about 8 miles due south of the city. These springs are inclosed in a masonry structure about 150 feet in diameter at its base and 250 feet at the top and 60 feet deep. Masonry drains are laid around the upper surface to prevent any surface water from washing into the spring. At the base of this spring the water is constantly bubbling up and appears to be of remarkable purity. The supply is so large that it more than fills all the present requirements, and a large portion of it runs to waste. From the spring the water is conveyed under the Almendares River by pipes situated in a tunnel, and from the north side of the river the water is conveyed in a masonry tunnel or aqueduct for a distance of about 6 miles, where it discharges into a receiving reservoir, the altitude of which is 35 meters, or about 108 feet, above the sea level. From the distributing reservoir the water is carried into the city by gravity in pipes, the highest point in the thickly populated portion of the city being 68 feet. The pipes in the streets are said to be small, and there is not sufficient pres¬ sure to carry the water to the upper stories of the small number of buildings which exceed one story in height. In these buildings pumping is necessary. There are said to be about 18,000 houses in the city, and from a report made by the municipal¬ ity in 1897 it appears that the number of houses directly connected with the water pipes is 9,233. The poorer houses, which are not thus connected, obtain water either by purchase from the street vendors or by getting it from public taps, of which there are a certain number scattered throughout the city. (General Greene, quoted by R. P. Porter.) MATANZAS. Since 1872 it has had a fine water supply, though only about half the houses are connected with the water system, and many of the people still buy water of street ven¬ dors without knowledge as to the source of supply or purity of the water. (Porter.) SANTIAGO. The city has a good water supply furnished through an aqueduct named FI Paso de la Yirgen. (Clark.) 174 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. There is no city in which one-third of the houses obtain water directly from a natural stream, and in more than half of the cities this source of supply is not recognized. The only cities in which it is important are Manzanillo, Sancti Spiritus, and Trinidad. MANZANILLO. Manzanillo lies on the coast of Santiago, about three-quarters of a mile from the mouth of the Yara. “The water supply formerly came from the river Yara, but proved to be so unhealthy that now the inhabitants rely entirely upon cisterns.” (Clark.) In the light of the preceding figures this is evidently a statement of what should be rather than what is. SANCTI SPIRITUS. “Sancti Spiritus is situated on both banks of the Yayabo, which flows 5^ miles to empty into the Zaza at a point about 20 miles from the sea." (Military Notes on Cuba.) TRINIDAD. “The course of the river Guaurabo lies within half a mile of Trini¬ dad.” (Clark.) Regarding the water supply of the other five cities, Guanabacoa, Final* del Rio, Puerto Principe, Regia, and Santa Clara, the following notes are submitted: GUANABACOA. “Guanabacoa is noted for its numerous springs and wells and for the excellence and abundance of its drinking water.” (Military Notes on Cuba.) PINAR DEL RIO. U The river on the outskirts has good water." (Military Notes.) “The river which skirts the town could be utilized as a source for a pure water supply.” (Clark.) PUERTO PRINCIPE. “A small river runs through the town." (Military Notes.) The following table shows by provinces the per cent of all dwellings in the districts outside the fourteen cities supplied with water in the manner specified: Province. Per cent of dwellings in rural districts obtaining water from sources specified. Total. Cistern. Stream. Well. Aque¬ duct. Not specified. Habana. 80 10 l 6 3 100 Matanzas. 88 6 1 3 2 100 Pinar del Rio. 31 64 2 1 2 100 Puerto Principe. 56 29 12 0 3 100 Santa Clara. 65 *25 1 2 100 Santiago. 20 72 4 3 1 100 Rural Cuba. 54 38 4 2 2 100 A small number of dwellings in rural Cuba are reported to derive water from an aqueduct. The municipal districts containing as many WATER SUPPLY AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL. 175 as 100 such dwellings are as follows: In Habana province, Marianao (196), San Antonio de los Banos (369), Batabano (505), Guines (500); in Matanzas province, Jovellanos (408) and Bolondron (188); in Pinar del Rio province, Mariel (192); in Santa Clara, Abreus (139), Rodas (188), and Sagua la Grande outside the urban part (127); in Santiago, El Caney (427) and Baracoa (687). The general reliance upon water from streams in the two provinces at the ends of Cuba—Pinar del Rio and Santiago—and upon cisterns in the four central provinces is clearly shown in the preceding tables. There seems some reason for doubt whether the line of division between cisterns for rain water (aljibe) and well or spring for ground water ( jpozo) was clearly understood by the enumerators and those who answered their questions. DISPOSITION OF GARBAGE. The enumerators were instructed to write in the column for answers to this question “ Municipal ” (municipal), “ Particular ” (private), or “ Se quema ” (by burning), according to the method of disposition used at the dwelling where the question was put. In addition to these three classes it was necessary to introduce a fourth for unspecified or insuffi¬ ciently specified, but only 2 per cent of the houses fell into this last class. The facts for Cuba as a whole are shown in the following table: Method of disposing of garbage. Number of dwellings so re¬ porting. Per cent of all dwell¬ ings. Municipal. 88,229 84,355 83,287 6,853 34 Burning. 32 Private. 32 Not specified. 2 Total. 262,724 100 In this respect, as in that of water supply, the main difference is between the city and the country districts. In the following table, therefore, the methods of disposing of garbage in the several cities are given: Per cent of urban dwellings using specified method of garbage disposal. City. Munici¬ pal. Burning. Private. Not specified. Total. Cardenas. 79 9 9 3 100 Cienfuegos . 92 2 5 1 100 Guanabacoa. 81 7 5 7 100 Habana. 91 1 2 6 100 Manzanillo. 95 2 2 1 100 Matanzas. 90 3 4 3 100 Pinar del Rio. 93 0 ‘ 4 3 100 Puerto Principe. 93 1 2 4 100 Regia. 92 1 0 7 100 Sagua la Grande. 74 9 16 1 100 Sancti Spiritus. 81 9 8 2 100 Santa Clara. 83 13 3 1 100 Santiago. . 91 5 2 2 100 Trinidad. 67 26 6 1 100 Urban Cuba. 88 4 4 4 100 17G REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. From this table it is clear that, taking the dwellings as a whole, in the 14 cities, 7 in every 8 of them had some municipal system of dis¬ posing of garbage. The cities of Santa Clara, except Cienf uegos, were apparently least well provided in this respect. In the cities of that province, more commonly than elsewhere in Cuba, garbage was dis¬ posed of by burning. In the following table the same facts are given bv provinces for the rural districts of Cuba: Per cent of rural dwellings using specified method of garbage disposal. Province. Munici¬ pal. Burning. Private. Not specified. Total. Habana . 20 22 54 4 100 Matanzas. 20 28 50 •> 100 Pinardel Rio. 10 2 86 2 100 Puerto Principe. 5 64 28 3 100 Santa Clara. 12 43 43 2 100 Santiago. 11 79 9 1 100 Rural Cuba. 14 42 42 2 100 Outside of the 14 cities about 1 dwelling in 7 enjoyed some public means of garbage disposal, and the prevalence of this varies in rough agreement with the density of rural population as given on page 74. The only private means specified is that of burning, and this is increas¬ ingly prevalent from west to east. To show this, the provinces have been arranged in the following list in their order from west to east and the per cent of rural dwellings burning their garbage indicated. Province. Per cent of rural dwell¬ ings burning garbage. Province. Per cent of rural dwell¬ ings burning garbage. Pinar del Rio. 2 Santa Clara. 43 Habana . 22 Puerto Principe. 64 Matanzas. 28 Santiago. 79 The houses having other means of garbage disposal obviously vary in the reverse way; that is, when burning is common, other private means arp uncommon, and vice versa. DISPOSITION OF EXCRETA. The entries which the enumerators were allowed to make in the column containing the answers to this question were pozo , in odoro, or ninguna (none). In addition to the three thus allowed tfyere will be found in the tables a fourth class of “not specified” to cover cases where the question was not answered. The only recognized methods of disposal, therefore, were^ra? and inodoro. As it is difficult to find LATRINE SYSTEM. 177 any exact English equivalent for these words, they will be retained in the following discussion of the tables. 1 The following' table shows the frequency of these various modes of disposal: Mode of disposing of excreta. Number of dwellings using it in Cuba. Per cent of total dwell¬ ings. No form. 129,245 110,695 13, 644 9,140 49 Pozo. 42 Inodoro . 5 Not specified. 4 Total. 262,724 100 About half the dwellings in Cuba had no provision of any kind for this purpose. It is said that in rural Spain the inhabitants commonly have no closets or outhouses, but resort to the fields, and the same is apparently true of Cuba. Of the houses having conveniences of this sort nine tenths (8.9 per cent) reported a, pozo and one-tenth an hwdoro. In this respect the provinces stand as follows: Per cent of total dwellings supplied with specified mode of disposal of excreta. Province. Pozo. Inodoro. No form. Not specified. Habana (city) . 43 48 3 6 Habana (excluding city). 57 35 8 Matanzas. 48 2 47 3 Pinar del Rio. 20 77 3 Puerto Principe. 40 57 3 Santa Clara ... 47 50 3 Santiago. 36 G3 1 Total. 42 5 49 4 It is clear that outside of Habana City and Matanzas province the inodoro is hardly known. In the following table the facts are given for the thirteen other cities separately reported: Per cent of urban dwellings using specified method of disposing of excreta. City. Pozo. Inodoro. None. Not specified. Total. Cardenas. 87 3 7 3 100 Cienfuegos. 93 4 2 1 100 Guanabacoa. 83 10 7 100 Manzanillo. . 94 5 i 100 Matanzas. 78 11 8 3 100 Pinar del Rio. 94 2 4 100 Puerto Principe. 69 26 5 100 Regia. 91 1 1 7 100 Sagua la Grande. 89 4 5 2 100 Sancti Spiritus. 82 16 2 100 Santa Clara. 75 1 22 2 100 Santiago. 93 1 4 2 100 Trinidad. 96 2 2 100 Urban Cuba (excluding Habana). 85 3 9 3 100 1 Note on meaning of pozo and inodoro. The “ inodoro ” includes every receptacle for excreta in which an effort is made to destroy or decrease the foul odors arising 21662-12 178 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. This table shows that Matanzas is the onty city besides Habana in which an inodoro was found in one-tenth of the dwellings and that in half the other 12 cities it did not occur in an appreciable number of cases. In 1 of these 13 cities at least 10 per cent of the houses were without closet conveniences and in 2 more than 1 dwelling in 5 was thus unprovided. In the following table the facts are given for the rural districts of Cuba: Per cent of rural dwellings using specified method of disposing of excreta. Province. Pozo. Inodoro. None. Not specified. Total. Habana . 52 0 ■10 8 100 Matanzas. 36 0 61 3 100 Pinar del Rio.. 17 0 81 72 2 100 Puerto Principe. 25 0 3 100 Santa Clara. 35 23 0 61 4 100 Santiago. 0 76 1 100 Rural Cuba. 32 0 65 3 100 In rural Cuba there was a pozo in connection with about one-third of the dwellings, while two-thirds were without this or an}^ other form of receiving excreta. therefrom, usually by the addition of such substances as lime, dry clay, or ashes. The pozo includes all other forms of closet. The modern form of closet flushed by water from a system of pipes, called escusado ingles, is very unusual in Habana, and unknown elsewhere in Cuba. Either the inodoro or the pozo is cleaned, when it is cleaned at all, by scavengers hired by the property owner. POPULATION TABLES. Table I. — Total population at different censuses. Year. Popula¬ tion. Year. Popula¬ tion. 1774. 172,620 272,301 553,028 704,487 1841. 1,007,624 1,396,530 1,631,687 1,572,797 1792. 1861. 1817. 1887 ... 1827 .:. 1899 . Table II. — Population of Cuba and its provinces at various censuses. Province. 1861. 1 1887. 1899. Habana. 393, 789 234,524 146, 685 85, 702 271,3.10 264,520 451,928 424,811 Matanzas. . 259,578 225,891 67, 789 202,462 173 082 Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. 88,237 356,537 Santa Clara. 354,122 272,379 Santiago de Cuba. 327,716 i Cuba . 1,396, 530 1, 631,687 1,572,845 1 Population of provinces estimated. See Appendix XVI. Table III. — Population of municipal districts in 1887 and 1899, as constituted at the latter date, with gam or loss of population. HABANA PROVINCE. Municipal districts. Aguacate. Alquizar. Bainoa. Batabano... Bauta. Bejueal. Cano. Casiguas. Catalina. Ceiba del Agua. Guanabacoa . Guara. Guines. Guira de Melena. Habana. Isla de Pinos. Jaruco. Madruga. Managua. Marianao. Melena del Sur. Nueva Paz. Pipian. Quivican. Iiegla. Salud. San Antonio de las Vegas. San Antonio de los Banos. San Felipe. San Jose de las Lajas... San Nicolas.. Santa Cruz del Norte (formerly San Antonio de Rio Blanco and Jibacoa) . Santa Maria del Rosario. Santiago de las Vegas. Tapaste.;. Vereda Nueva. 1887. 1899. Gain. Loss. 3,346 3,163 183 8,314 8,746 432 4,188 1,725 2,463 8,016 6,523 1,493 8,070 5,142 2,928 7,902 5, 756 2,146 3, 745 4,210 465 3,886 1,004 2,882 6,112 2,718 3,394 3,232 2,197 1,035 28,013 20,080 7,963 4,549 1,835 2, 714 12, 618 11,394 1,224 8,721 11,548 2,827 200,448 242,055 11,607 2,040 3,199 1,159 12,182 4,076 8,106 7,514 3,744 3,770 5,850 2,887 2,963 7,352 8,593 1,241 5,275 3,207 2,068 9,571 7, 761 1,810 3,414 1,101 2,313 4,585 2, 423 2,162 10,316 11,363 1,047 4, 896 3,293 1,603 4,469 1,855 2, 614 12,423 12,631 208 2,313 1,915 398 6,218 4,154 2,064 6,724 4,568 2,156 9,210 2,965 G, 245 4,885 2,730 2,155 12,081 10,276 1,805 6,143 1,551 4,592 3,277 2,416 861 179 180 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table 111 .—Population of municipal districts in 1887 and 1809, etc. —Continued. MATANZAS PROVINCE. Municipal districts. Alacranes (iormerly Alfonso XII)... Bolondron. Cabezas. Canasi. Cardenas. Carlos Rojas (formerly Cimarrones). Colon. Cuevitas. Guamacaro. Jaguey Grande (formed from Colon) Jovellanos... Macagua. Macuriges. Marti (formerly Guamutas)..•... Matanzas. Maximo Gomez. Mendez Capote. Palmillas. I’erico (formerly Cervantes). Roque. Sabanilla. San Jose de los Ramos. Santa Ana (formerly Cidra). Union de Reyes. 1887 . 1899 . Gain . Loss. 9 , 711 8,110 1,601 11,816 9,179 2,637 8,802 5,184 3 , 618 4,524 1,993 2,531 23,354 24,861 1,507 6,879 3,174 3,705 16 , 679 12,195 1,369 6,323 5,807 516 10,245 6,000 5,853 7,529 4,245 8,518 989 5,410 5,042 368 13,374 10,405 2,969 11,589 8,905 2,684 56,379 45,282 11,097 8,132 4,046 4,086 5,349 2,158 3,191 8,818 7,647 1,171 3,204 4,449 1,245 8,216 4,464 3,752 8,871 5,205 3,666 9,031 6 , 765 2,286 6,219 2,965 3 , 25*4 8,135 5,226 2,909 PINAR DEL RIO PROVINCE. Artcmisa (including Cayajabos). Bahia Honda. Cabanas. Candelaria (including Mangas) . Consolacion del Norte. Consolacion del Sur (including Alonso Rojas) Guanajay. Guane. Guayabal .. Mantua (including Baja). Mariel. Palacios. Julian Diaz (formerly Paso Real de San Diego) .. Pinar del Rio. San Cristobal (including Santa Cruz de los Pinos) San Diego de los Banos. San Diego de Nunez. San Juan y Martinez. San Luis. Vinales. 15,775 8,506 8,560 9,875 7,934 20,328 9,512 22,708 6,337 11,122 7,902 6,501 4,920 29,497 9,066 6 , 317 4,180 17 , 974 7,327 11,550 9,317 2,117 3,853 4,866 7,399 16,665 8 , 796 14,760 2,710 8,366 3,631 2,456 1,871 38,343 4,263 2,419 1,137 14,787 7,608 17,700 6,458 6,389 4,707 5,009 535 3,663 716 7,948 3,627 2,756 4,271 4,045 3,049 4,803 3,898 3,043 3,187 8,846 281 6,150 PUERTO PRINCIPE PROVINCE. Ciego de Avila.... Moron. Nue vitas. Puerto Principe... Santa Cruz del Sur 7,929 9,801 1,872 . 8,919 9 , 630 711 . 6 , 618 10,355 3,737 . 40,958 53,140 12,182 . 3,365 5,308 1,943 . SANTA CLARA PROVINCE. Abreus. Caibarien. Calabazar. Camajuani. Cartagena. Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos. Cifuentes (formerly Amaro) Cruces. Esperanza . Laias (Las). Palmira. Placetas. 3,819 3,995 176 5,106 8,650 3,544 12,957 13,419 462 10,537 14,495 3,958 7,029 6,244 9,723 6,954 40 , 96-1 7,251 59,128 3,825 7,953 18,164 6 ,490 1,463 12,759 7,811 8,014 9 , 603 1,589 4,709 6,527 1,818 9,337 11,961 2,524 785 2,769 3,426 4,948 POPULATION BY WARDS AND CITIES 181 Table III. — Population of municipal districts in 1S87 and 1899, et<\ — Continued. SANTA CLARA PROVINCE—Continued. Municipal districts. Quemado de Guines. Rancho Veloz. Ranchuelo... Remedios. Rodas. Sagua la Grande. San Antonio de las Vueltas. Sancti Spiritus. San Diego del Valle. San Fernando (formerly Camarones) San Juan de las Yeras. Santa Clara. Santo Domingo. Trinidad. Yaguajay. 1887. 11,467 6,391 4,571 15,474 8,153 18,330 15, 656 29,278 9,831 6,688 7, 702 32,491 13, 667 29,448 6,280 1899. 8,890 7,532 5,059 14,833 9,562 21, 342 12,832 25,709 5,369 6,445 5,600 28,437 10,372 24,271 9,718 Gain. 1,141 488 1,409 3,012 3,438 Loss. 2,577 641 2,824 3,569 4,462 243 2,102 4,054 3,295 5,177 SANTIAGO DE CUBA PROVINCE. AJto Songo. 10,221 18,057 17,676 Baracoa . Bayamo . Campechuela (formed from Manzanillo). Caney . 8,686 8,261 Cobre . Cristo (formed from Manzanillo). Gibara . 26,342 23, 741 32,238 7,808 34,220 7,990 Guantanamo. Holguin. Jiguani. Manzanillo . Mayari . Niquero (formed from Manzanillo). Palma Soriano (formed from Santiago). Puerto Padre (formerly Victoria de las Tunas). 12,049 5,476 Sagua de Tanamo. San Luis (formed from Santiago). Santiago de Cuba.!. 59,614 12,770 21,944 21,193 7,369 9,126 10,707 1,194 31,594 28,063 34, 506 10,495 32,288 8,504 2, 718 12, 305 19,984 5,796 11,681 45,478 2,549 3,887 3,517 440 2,446 5,252 4,322 2,268 2,687 9,349 514 7, 935 320 9,8.50 Table IV. — Population by wards and by cities. PROVINCE OF IIABANA. Total population . 424,804 Aguacate District. 3,163 Aguacate and Zabaleta. 2,196 Reloj and Compostizo. 967 Alquizar District. 8,746 Alquizar, Primero. 1,837 Alquizar, Segundo. 1,877 Guanimar. 485 La Paz. 1,011 Palenque... 1,933 San Andres. 293 Tumbadcro. 1,310 Bainoa District. 1,725 Bainoa and Santa Cruz. 482 Caraballo. 495 Mamey Duro and Reloj. 748 Batabano District. 6,523 Batabano..... 1,025 Guanabo. 436 Mayaguano. 352 Qui'ntinal and San Augustin. 976 Surgidcro... 3,683 Islands. 51 Bauta District. 5,142 Hoyo Colorado. 1,046 Baracoa, Anafe, and Corralillo. 1,025 Punta Brava and Cangrejeras. 2,205 San Pedro and Guatao. 866 Bcjucal District. 5,756 Primero. 997 Segundo. 1,068 Tercero. 1,093 Piedras. 1,670 Remainder of district. 928 Cano District. 4,210 Arroyo Arenas. 1,003 Cano and Jaimanitas. 1,320 Wajay. 1,887 Casiguas District (not given by wards)... 1,001 Catalina District (not given by wards)... 2,718 Ceiba del Agua District. 2,197 Ceiba del Agua. 909 Virtudes and Chicharron. 621 Remainder of district. 667 182 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table IV. — Population by wards and by cities — Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. Guanabacoa District. 20,080 Asuncion, Este. 1,506 Asuncion, Oeste. 2,795 Bacuranao. 1,457 Campo Florido. 591 Cojimar. 1,585 Corral Falso, Este. 1,838 Corral Falso, Oeste. 1,991 Cruz Verde. 2,485 j San Francisco, Este. 2,043 San Francisco, Oeste. 1,307 San Miguel del Padron and Pepe An¬ tonio . 2,482 Guam District (not given by wards). 1,835 Guines District. 11,394 First and Cruz. 1,348 Second and Rubio. 3,357 Tlrird and Yamaraguas. 2,350 Fourth . 1,094 Candela North and South and Gua¬ na jo . 609 Candela Baja, San Pedro, and San Julian. 955 Nombre de Dios. 1,681 Habana District—Continued. Remainder of district— Arroyo Naranjo. 1,771 Calvario. 1,041 Puentes Grandes. 3,262 Isla de Pinos District. 3,199 Caleta Grande. 315 Santa Fe. 1,050 Remainder of district. 1,834 Jaruco District. 4,076 Guanabo. 908 Maceo, Garzo, Guaicanamar, and Tablas. 766 Plaza, Jaruco. Cuartel, and Comercio. 1,139 Remainder of district. 1,263 Madruga district. 3,744 Concordia. Majagua, and San Bias... 928 Madruga, Este. 676 Madruga, Oeste. 1,328 Remainder of district. 812 Managua District. 2,887 Guira de Melena. 11,548 Cajio. 963 Gabriel. 764 Jerez. 1,274 Juribacoa. 311 Melena. 1,452 Norte. 2,620 Sur. 2,396 Sibanacan. 1,136 Tumbadero. 632 ; Habana District. 242,055 Managua. 1,063 Remainder of district. 1,824 Marianao District. 8,593 Cocosoto. 2,602 Lisa. 680 Playa . 574 Pocito. 1,560 Quemados. 3,177 Melena del Sur District (not given by wards). 3,207 Habana City— Arroyo Apolo. Arsenal. Atares. Casa Blanca. Ceiba. Cerro. Chavez. Colon. Dragones. Guadalupe. Jesus del Monte ... Jesus Maria. Luyano. Marte. Monserrate. Paula. Penal ver. Pilar.. Pueblo Nuevo. Punta. San Felipe. San Francisco. San J uan de Dios.. San Lazaro. San Leopoldo. San Nicolas. Santa Clara. Santa Teresa. Santo Angel. Santo Cristo. San Isidro. Tacon . Templete. Vedado y Principe Villanueva. lives . Institutions. 2,166 6,131 7,674 2,440 ! 6,783 10, 741 7,598 7,371 6,604 7,517 9,369 3,915 1,254 5,002 7,829 3,791 8,557 i 6,111 8,376 10,537 3,560 4,215 4,420 20,616 7,494 6,534 4.667 6,725 4,766 4,637 5,805 6,505 2,838 9,980 6,063 5,050 2,340 Nueva Paz District. 7,761 Bagaez. 1,229 Nueva Paz. 2,294 Palos. 2,630 Vegas. 1,608 Pipian District (not given by wards). 1,101 Quivican District (not given by wards).. 2,423 Regia District. 11,363 First . 2,818 Second. 3,034 Third. 3.001 Fourth. 2,510 Salud District (not given by wards). 3,293 San Antonio de las Vegas' District (not given by wards). 1,855 San Antonio de los Banos District. 12,631 Armonia. 672 Chicharo. 404 Este. 2,065 Govea. 671 Monjas. 925 Norte. 2,966 Quintana. 705 Santa Rosa. 457 Seborucal. 452 Sur. 3,147 Valle. 167 San Felipe District (not given by wards). 1,915 POPULATION BY WARDS AND CUTES. 183 Table IV .—Population by wards and by cities —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. San Jose de las Lajas. 4,151 Primero. 928 Segundo . 2,096 Remainder of distriet. 1,130 San Nicolas District. 4,568 Babiney Prieto and Caimito. 577 Barbudo . 736 Paradero and Gabriel. 1,923 San Nicolas and Jobo. 1,332 Santa Cruz del Norte District. 2,965 San Antonio de Rio Blanco del Norte. 965 Santa Cruz del Norte. 934 Remainder of district. 1,066 Santa Maria del Rosario District. 2,730 San Pedro. 1,285 Santa Maria del Rosario. 544 Remainder of district-.. 901 Santiago de las Vegas District. 10,276 Boyeros. 1,553 Calabazar. 1,152 Dona Maria. 531 Norte. 3,062 Rincon. 920 Sur. 3,058 Tapaste District. 1,551 Santa Barbara and Jaula. 272 Tapaste and San Andres. 1,279 Vereda Nueva District. 2,416 Norte. 1,125 Sur. 1,291 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Total population . 202,214 Alacranes District. 8,110 Estante. 2,823 Este. 716 Galeoncito. 474 Norte. 1,267 Oeste. 1,777 Sur. 1,053 Bolondron District. 9,179 Bolondron 1. 933 Bolondron 2. 824 Bolondron 3. 847 Guira. 1,676 Lucia and Gonzalo. 2,326 Piedras and Cienega. 577 Punta and Alverez. 1,363 Zapata and Galeon. 633 Cabezas District. 5,184 Bcrmeja. 1,871 Bija. 751 Cabezas. 1,721 Lima. 612 Magdalena. 229 Canasi District. 1,993 Norte. 1,624 Sur. 369 Cardenas District. 24,861 Cardenas City— District 1, Barrio 1. 1,659 District 1, Barrio 2... 3,564 District 2, Barrio 1. 1,374 District 2, Barrio 2. 3,720 District 3, Barrio 1. 3,987 District 3, Barrio 2. 2,305 District 4, Barrio 1. 3,145 District 4, Barrio 2. 2,186 Cantel and Guasimas. 1,581 Pueblo Nuevo, Fundicion, and Ver- salles. 311 Varadero. l, 029 Carlos Rojas District (not given by bar¬ rios) . 3,174 Colon District. 12,195 Amarillas. 1,746 Calimete. 3,274 Colon, Barrio 1. 1,412 Colon, Barrio 2. 1,653 Colon, Barrio 3. 919 Colon, Barrio 4. 787 Colon, Barrio 5. 1,299 Colon, Barrio 6. 1,105 Cuevitas District. 5,807 Asiento. 509 Cuevitas. 2,634 Jabaco. 997 Venturilla. 1,667 Guamacaro District. 6,000 Canimar. 161 Caobas. 1,197 Coliseo. 620 Guamacaro.. 552 Limonar, Este. 1,393 Limonar, Oeste. 1,483 San Miguel. 374 Sumidero. 220 Jaguey Grande District. 5,853 Cienaga de Zapata. 16 Gallardo. 750 Jaguey Grande. 1,999 Lopez. 1,445 Ruvira. 827 Sinu. 816 Jovellanos District. 7,529 Asuncion. 427 Jovel lanosr Barrio 1. 1,942 Jovellanos, Barrio 2. 1,617 Jovellanos, Barrio 3. 1,162 Realengo. 363 San Jose. 2,018 184 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table I V. — Population by wards and by cities —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS—Continued. Managua District. 5,042 Arabos. 2,241 Mayabon. 1,092 Monte Alto. 680 Oeste. 1,029 Macuriges District..... 10,405 Batalla. 795 | Ciego. 595 I Claudio. 1,390 Macuriges, Este. 965 Macuriges, Oeste. 1,071 Macuriges, Sur. 1,056 Navajas. 731 Platanal and Linch. 313 Punta Brava. 1,508 Rio Blanco. 1,577 Tramojos. 404 Marti District. 8,905 Guamutas. 2,505 Itabo. 252 La Tcja. 695 Los Cayos. 374 Marti, Norte. 2 ,495 Marti, Sur. 396 Motembo. 2,188 Mendez Capote District. 2,158 Contreras. 921 Mendez Capote, 1 . 812 Mendez Capote, 2 . 425 Palmillas District. 7,647 Cumanayagua. 969 Guareiras. 793 •Taean. 1,642 Manguito. 3,289 Palmillas. 954 Perico District. 4, 449 Altamisal. 1,689 Perico, Norte. 2,436 Perico, Sur. 324 Roque District. 4,464 Caobillas. 1,434 Guamajales .. 499 Mostacilla. 688 Quintana and Tomeguin. 361 Roque. 1,482 Matanzas District.. 45,282 Matanzas City— District 1, Barrio 1. 1,500 District 1, Barrio 2. 2,570 District 2, Barrio 1. 4,147 District 2, Barrio 2. 3,596 District 3, Barrio 1. 5,050 District 3, Barrio 2. 2,305 District 4, Barrio 1. 3,270 Pueblo Nuevo. 8,420 Versalles. 4,812 Asylums, convents, and hospitals. 704 Arroyo and Campana. 1,143 Canarioca. 814 Canimar and Paso Seco. 597 Ceiba Mocha. 1,828 Chirino. 702 Corral Nuevo. 754 Cumbre and Bacunayagua. 1,831 Guanabana. 1,005 San Francisco. 234 Maximo Gomez District. 4,046 Sabanilla District. 5,205 Mondejar and Auras. 401 Palma and Canimar. 1,023 Sabanilla. 3,781 San Jos 6 de los Ramos District. 6,765 Banaguises, Pueblo. 931 Banaguises, Rural. 2,046 Pueblo Nuevo. 1,487 San Jos 6 de los Ramos. 2,301 Santa Ana District. 2,965 Barrio 1. 1,421 Barrio 2. 285 Barrio 3. 722 Barrio 4. 453 Barrio 5. 84 Union de Reyes District. 5,226 Altamisal. 776 Maximo Gomez. 2,292 Rancho del Medio. 701 Sabanilla. 277 Pueblo Nuevo. 545 Iglesia 1. 1,969 Iglesia2. 1,707 Iglesia 3. 1,005 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Total population . 173,064 j Artemisa District... 9,317 Artemisa..-... 4,179 Canas. 984 Capellanias. 223 Cayajabos. 1,022 Dolores. 1,692 Puerta de la Guira. 498 Virtudcs. 719 Bahia Honda District. 2,117 Bahia Honda and Agnacate. 1,278 Corralillo and Mulata. 214 San Miguel and Manimani. 625 Cabanas District. 3,853 Cabanas and San Miguel. 1,917 Ceiba. 1,366 Conchita and Delicias. 228 Vigia and San Ramon. 342 Candelaria District. 4,866 Bayate, Puerto Rico, and San Junn del Norte. 630 Candelaria. 1,697 Carambola, Lomas,and Rio Hondo.. 803 Las Mangas. 1,280 San Juan de Barraconcs, Mira Cielos, and Frias. 456 POPULATION BY WARDS AND CITIES 185 Table IV. — Population by wants and by cities — Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. Consolacion del Norte District. 7,399 Berracos. 1,056 Caiguanabo .. 439 La Jagua. 1,567 La Palma and Rio de Puercos. 1,240 Los Puentes. 594 Rio Blanco and Arroyo Naranjo. 888 San Andres. 671 Vegas Nuevas. 944 Consolacion del Sur District. 16,665 Alonso Rojas . 2,132 Colmenar and Hato Qucmado. 676 Consolacion del Sur City, not given by wards. 3,062 Horconcs. 1,608 Lajas and Caperuza. 702 Lena. 914 Naranj o and Caimi tos. 1,073 Pilotos. 1,918 Rio Hondo and la Jagua. 2,346 San Pablo and Camarones. 1,589 Santa Clara. 645 Guanajay District. 8,796 Cabriales.,. 533 Guanajay, Norte. 2,675 Guanajay, Sur. 3,808 San Francisco. 626 San Jose. 389 Santa Ana. 765 Guane District. 14,760 Cabo de San Antonio. 270 Cortes and Serranos. 1,355 Guane. 1,038 Juan Gomez. 912 La Grifa. 2,113 Martinas. 1,746 Paso Real and Catalina. 890 Portales and Teneria. 1,253 Punta de la Sierra and Los Acostas .. 1,502 Remates. 3,014 Sabalo, Trinidad, and Santa Teresa... 667 Guayabal District. 2,710 Caimito. 1,269 Guayabal and Banes.. 879 Quintana . j*.. 562 Julian Diaz District. 1,871 Herradura and Ceja de la Herradura. 516 Julian Diaz and Palacios. 1,260 Santa Monica and Guajiro. 95 Los Palacios District. 2,456 Toro and Bacunaguas. 198 Los Palacios. 1,549 Macuriges. 238 Sierra, Santo Domingo, and Limones. 471 Mantua District. 8,366 Arroyos and Santa Isabel. 1,079 Baja. 3,741 Cabezas and La Ceja. 1,281 Guayabo and Lazaro. 283 Mantua and Montezuelo. 802 Santa Maria and San Jose. 423 Sierra Derrumbado. 757 Mariel District. 3,631 Jobaco and Rayo. 253 Macagual and Quiebra Hacha. 1,058 Mariel and Boca. 2,085 Molina, Mosquitos, and Guajaybon ... 161 San Juan Bautista and Playa.. 74 Pinar del Rio District. 38,343 Cabezas. 1,521 Cangre. 4,208 Guayabo. 1,894 Isabel Maria. 1,136 Marcos Vazquez. 974 Ovas. 2,383 Paso Viejo. 2,351 Pinar del Rio, Norte. 3,949 Pinar del Rio, Sur. 4,931 Rio Feo. 1,034 Rio Sequito. 4,278 San Jose. 2,512 Sumidero. 2,478 Taironas. 4,694 San Cristobal District. 4,263 Mayari, 1 and 2. 277 Minas and Rio Hondo. 402 San Cristobal. 1,996 Santa Cruz de los Pinos. 1,357 Sitio Herrero. 231 San Diego de los Banos District (not given by wards) . 2,419 San Diego de Nunez District (not given by wards) . 1,137 San Juan y Martinez District. 14,787 Arroyo Hondo. 1,918 Galafre and Guillen. 558 Lagunillas. 1,238 Luis Lazo. 4,193 Primero de Martinez. 1,097 Rio Seco. 1,920 San Juan y Martinez. 2,970 Segundo de Martinez. 893 San Luis District. 7,608 Barbacoa. 1,085 Barrigonas. 544 Tirado. 648 Llanada. 415 Palizadas. 603 Rio Seco. 760 San Luis. 3,553 Vinales District. 17,700 Albino. 739 Ancon. 926 Cayos de San Felipe. 417 Cuajani. 2,021 Laguna de Piedra. 2,328 Rosario. 2,061 San Cayetano. 2,920 San Vicente. 1,937 Santa Fe. 657 San Tomas. 1,570 Vinales. 1,600 Yayal. 524 186 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table IV. — Population hy wards and Iry cities — Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Total population. 88,234 Ciego de Avila District. 9,801 Arroyo Blanco. 862 Ceiba. 203 Ciego de Avila. 3,892 Guanales. 508 Iguara. 419 Jicotea. 414 Jucaro. 468 Lazaro Lopez. 1,121 Nuevas. 957 Nuevas de Jobosi. 464 San Nicolas. 493 Moron District. 9,630 Chambas. 925 Cupeyes. 633 Guadalupe. 1,554 Marroquin. 1,073 Moron Este. 1,439 Moron Oeste. 1,731 Punta Alegre. 495 Sandoval. 1,028 Santa Gertrudis. 752 Nuevitas District..... 10,355 Puerto Principe District. 53,140 Altagracia. 1,240 Caobiilas. 1,728 Cascorro. 1,904 Contramaestre. 2,368 Ecuador. 2,215 Guaimaro. 2,940 Guanaj a. 848 Limones. 830 Magarabomba. 1,304 Maraguan. 1 ,110 Minas. 2,318 Pueblo Nuevo. 1,655 Puerto Principe 1 . 2,876 Puerto Principe 2 . 2,474 Puerto Principe 3. 5,115 Puerto Principe 4. 5,184 Puerto Principe 5. 2,080 Puerto Principe 6 . 1,960 Puerto Principe 7. 2,407 Puerto Principe 8 . 1,657 Puerto Principe 9. 1,349 Queruado. 805 San Geronimo. 986 Sibanieu. 1,763 Vista Hermosa. 981 Yaba. 2,295 Yeguas. 748 Baga. 277 Lugareno. 1,510 Nuevitas 1. 1,093 Nue vitas 2. 1,673 Nuevitas 3. 1,462 Redencion. 830 Sabinal. 107 San Miguel. 716 Senado. 2,687 Santa Cniz del Sur District. 5,308 Buena Ventura. 352 Calzada and Playa Bonita. 2,098 Guaicanamar.,. 598 Guayabal. 937 Junco. 1,083 San Pedro. 240 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Total population . 356,536 Abreus District (not given by wards) .... 3,995 Caibarien District. 8,650 Caibarien. 7,013 Conuco. 496 Guajabana. 478 Taneo. 663 Calabazar District. 13,419 Centro. 3,756 Encrucijada. 2,689 Mata y Barro. 1,267 Paso Real. 433 Santo. 2,573 Sitio Grande. 590 Viana . 2, 111 Camajuani District. 14,495 Camajuani. 5,082 Egidos. 700 Guadalupe. 2,569 Sabana. 1,621 Salamanca.'. 1,704 Santa Clarita. 1,501 Zulueta. 1,318 Cartagena District. 6,244 Arriete and Banos. 556 Cartagena. 1,917 Cascajal. 2,017 Ciego Montero. 433 Cartagena District—Continued. Santiago. 559 Soledad. 762 Ceja de Pablo District. 6,954 Ceja de Pablo. 273 Corralillo. 2,588 Palma Sola.^. 201 Sabana Grande. 1,190 Sierra Morena. 2,702 Cienfuegos District. 59,128 Aguada de Pasajeros. 8,777 Arimao. 3,015 Auras. 437 Caimanera. 717 Calicito. 499 Castillo. 1,383 Caunao... 1. 3,597 Cavos. 113 Charcas. 736 Cienfuegos City (not given by wards). 30,038 Cumanayagua. 1,403 Gavilan and Gavilancito. 364 Jicotea. 706 Manacas. 1,540 Mandinga. 488 OjodeAgua. 493 Ramirez. 6s0 Sierra. 533 Yaguaramas. 3,609 Cifuentes District. 3,825 Alacran. 446 Amaro.. 248 POPULATION BY WAKDS AND CITIES 187 Table IV .—Population by wards and by cities —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. Cifuentes District—Continued. Barro. 279 Cifuentes. 2,172 Sitio Grande. 680 Cruces District. 7,953 Cruces. 4,173 Maltiempo. 2,284 Montefirrae . 678 Pueblo Nuevo. 818 Esperanza District. 7,811 Asiento Viejo. 576 Esperanza Norte. 997 Esperanza Sur. 1,180 Jabonillar. 720 Nuevas. 1,309 Purial. 915 San Jose. 976 San Vicente. 1,138 Palmira District. 6,527 Arango. 2,008 Palmira. 4,519 Placetas District. 11,961 Guaracabulla. 1,194 Hernando and Sitio Potrero. 1,215 Nazareno. 719 Placetas and Tibisial. 7,366 San Andres and Vista Hermosa. 1,467 Quemado de Guines. 8,890 Caguaguas_\. 540 Caraliatas. 1,615 Guines. 1,174 Paso Cabado. 1,288 Quemado de Guines. 3,082 San Valentin. 343 Zambumbia. 848 Rancho Veloz District. 7,532 Aguas Claras. 1,218 Chavez. 1,156 Crimea. 1,240 Guanillas. 936 Santa Fe. 2,982 Ranchuelo District. 5,059 Pozo de la China. 1,101 Ranchuelo 1. 2,170 Ranchuelo 2. 849 Sitio Viejo. 939 Rodas District. 9,562 Congojas. 2,171 Jabacoa. 139 Limones. 2,535 Medidas. 1,327 Rodas. 3,390 Sagua la Grande District. 21,342 Chinchila. 1,654 Isabela de Sagua. 2,352 Jumagua. 2,473 Sagua la Grande, Norte. 7,069 Sagua la Grande, Sur. 5,659 San Juan. 709 Sitiecito. 1,366 San Antonio de las Vueltas District. 12,832 Aguada de Moya. 1,065 Basque. 2,019 Ceja de Pablo. 1,545 Charco Hondo. 1,013 Egidos. 634 Piedras. 1,204 Quinta. 1,422 Sagua la Chica and Cayos. 542 San Antonio de las Vueltas. 1,336 Taguayabon. 912 Vega Alta. 1,140 Sancti Spiritus District. 25,709 Banao. 436 Bellamota. 931 Chorrera Brava. 83 Cabaiguan. 1,135 Guasimal. 1,500 Guayos. 1,430 Jibaro. 433 Manacas. 475 Paredes. 578 Paula. 2,066 San Andres and Pueblo Nuevo. 1,085 Santa Lucia. 554 Taguasco and Pedro Barba. 1,293 Tunas de Zaza. 1,014 Sancti Spiritus City, not given by wards.,.'.. 12,696 San Diego del Valle District. 5,369 Centro. 1,298 Hatillo. 461 Jicotea. 665 MaguarayaAbajoy Maguaraya Arriba 1,154 Mango. 302 Sitio Nuevo. 359 Yabu. 1,130 San Fernando District. 6,445 Ciego Alonzo. 1,238 Escarza. 1,770 Lomas Grandes. 786 Paradero. 1,573 San Fernando. 1,078 San Juan de las Yeras District. 5,600 Aguas Bonitas. 415 Bernia. 013 Guayo. 927 Potrerillo. 741 Quemado Hilario. 503 San Juan. 2,401 San Juan de los Remedies District. 14,833 Bartolome. 512 Buenavista. 4,071 Cangrejo and Remate. 1,718 Carolina. 558 Guanijibes. 1,047 Remedios. 6,633 Tetuan. 294 Santa Clara District. 28,437 Baez. 1,456 Carmen. 3,051 Condado. 1,110 Egidos. 1,987 La Cruz. 2,111 Manicaragua. 2,916 Parroquia... 3,349 188 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table IV. — Population by wards and by cities — Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. Santa Clara District—Continued. Pastora. 3,171 Provincial. 1,195 Puente. *2,594 San Gil. 3,411 Seibabo. 1,598 Institutions. 488 Santa Isabel de las Lajas District. 9,603 Centro. 6,915 Nuevas. 265 Salado and Santa Rosa. 407 Salto. 1,199 Terry. 817 Santo Domingo District. 10,372 Alvarez and Mordazo. 1,085 Baracaldo,.Potrerillo, and Arenas_ 1,346 Jicotea and San Bartolome. 1,246 Jiquiabo and Juqui. 431 Manacas and San Marcos. 886 Puerto Escondido. 741 Rio and Cerrito.-•. 734 Rodrigo. 583 Santo Domingo, Este. 1,184 Santo Domingo, Oeste. 895 Santo Domingo District—Continued. San Juan. 521 Yabucito. 720 Trinidad District. 24,271 Cabagan. 762 Caracusey. 676 Casilda. 2,234 Fomento. 1,769 Guaniquical. 985 Guinia dc Miranda. 1,056 Jiquimas. 825 Rio de Ay. 2,417 San Francisco. 546 San Pedro. 892 Tayaba. 989 Trinidad City, not given by wards_ 11,120 Yaguajay District. 9,718 Bamburanao. 931 Centeno. 447 Mayajigua. 1,284 Meneses. 1,658 Seibabo. 1,371 Yaguaj ay. 2,692 Keys and Institutions. 1,335 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Total Population . 327,715 Alto Songo District. 12,770 Alto Songo, Norte. 1,692 Alto Songo, Sur. 1,466 Florida Blanca. 1,081 Jara Hueca. 544 Loma del Gato. 585 Mayari Arriba. 975 Moron. 927 Palenque. 1,900 Socorro and Maya. 1,585 Ti-Arriba. 2,015 Bavamo District—Continued. ‘ Datil. 2,142 Guamo. 769 Guisa. 3,565 Horno. 1,298 Laguna Blanca. 1,856 San Juan. 1,234 Veguita... 3,784 Campechuela District. 7,369 Campechuela City, not given by wards 3,254 Ceiba Hueca ... .*.!. 2,149 San Ramon. 1,966 Baracoa District. 21,944 Baracoa City, not given by wards.... 4,937 Cabacu. 715 Can etc. 322 Duaba. 1,186 Grantierra. 632 Guandao. 1,536 Guiniao. 1,686 Hoyos. 729 Imias. 547 Jamal. 1,024 Juaco. 1,425 Maisi. 108 Mandinga. 910 Mata. 7:18 Monte Cristo. 739 Nibujon. 514 Quemado. 363 Sabana. 654 Sabanilla. 780 Sitio. 473 Toar. 735 Veguita. 541 Vertientes. 650 Bavamo District. 21,193 Barrancas. 1,5% Bueyeito. 1,590 Canto del Embarcadero. 1,571 Cristo. 1,788 Caney District. 9,126 Barajagua. 174 Caney. 844 Daiquiri. 1,380 Demajayabo. 1,752 Dos Boca s. 1,217 Guaninicun. 1,247 Lagunas.:. 1,205 Pgz de los Naranjos. 284 Sevilla... 561 Zacatecas. 462 Cobre District. 10,707 Aserradero .. 459 Botija. 324 Brazo Cauto. 1,150 Caimanes.„. 698 Cayo Smith. 265 Cobre. 1,028 Dos Palmas. 1,226 Ermitano. 240 Ilongolosongo. 1,987 Macio. 92 Manacas. 1,426 Nimanima. 421 Rio Frio. 605 Santa Rita . fil l Sevilla. 272 Cristo District, not given by wards. 1,194 POPULATION BY WAKDS AND CITIES 189 Table IV.— Population by -wards and by cities —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Gibara District 31,594 Jiguani District 10,495 Arroyo Blanco. 1,739 Banes. 5,730 Bariai. 1,047 Bocas. 3,023 Candelaria. 436 Cantimplora. 515 Fray Benito. 2,663 Gibara City, not given by wards. 6,841 Jobabo. 1,266 Potrerillo. 920 Pueblo Nuevo. 826 Sama. 1,606 Santa Lucia. 3,436 Santa Rosalia. 873 Yabason. 673 Guantanamo District.. Arroyo Hondo. Baitiquiri. Bano. Caimanera. Camarones. Caridad. Casimba. Casisey Aba jo. Casisey Arriba. Corralillo. Cuatro Caminos ... Glorieta. Gobierno. Guaso. Hospital. Isleta. Indios. Jaibo Abajo. Jaibo Arriba. Jamaica. Lajas. Macuriges. Mercado. Ocujal and vessels. Palmar. Palma de San Juan Parroquia. Rastro. Rio Seco. Sigual. Tiguabos . Vinculo. Yateras. 28,063 -I 1,040 164 838 620 757 516 537 508 443 552 441 2,052 1,219 1,514 1,594 80 107 320 296 2,151 1,371 492 915 90 1,165 231 1,540 831 1,334 402 1,538 754 1,651 Holguin District 34,506 Aguas Claras. 681 Alcala. 2,022 Alfonsos. 1,086 Auras. 1,604 Bijaru. 2,152 Camasan. 1,257 Corralito. 1,026 Cuabas. 1,223 Holguin City, not given by wards.... 6,045 La Caridad. 1,063 La Palma. 2,101 Mala Noche. 703 Purnio. 980 San Agustin... 2,163 San Andres. 1,181 San Lorenzo.. l, 060 San Pedro de Cacoeum. 1,323 Sao Arriba. 1,080 Tacajo. 896 Tacamara. 832 Unas. 1,324 Velasco. 1,777 Yareyal. 927 Babiney. 2,766 Baire. 2,972 Calabazar. 1,026 Jiguani. 655 Rinconada. 1,012 Santa Rita. 839 Ventas. 1,225 Manzanillo District. 32,288 Blanquizal..'. 1,040 Calicitos. 738 Cano.....,. 1,112 Congo. 796 Dos Cuartones. 643 Esperanza. 1,726 Jibacoa. 2,024 Manzanillo City, not given by wards. 14,464 Media Luna. 3,319 Portillo. 440 Tranquilidad. 834 Vicana. 1,642 Yara. 1,234 Zarzal. 2,276 Mayari District. 8,504 Barajagua. 723 Biran. 529 Braguetudos. 1,454 Cabonico. 683 Chavaleta. 1,230 Chucho. 494 Guayabo. 1,393 Sabanilla. 177 San Gregorio. 1,821 Niquero District. 2,718 Niquero City. 1,560 Veliz. 580 Cabo Cruz and Punta de Praeticos ... 578 Palma Soriano District. 12,305 Cauto Abajo. 839 Cauto Baire. 777 Concepcion. 1,526 Dorados. 691 Las Cuchillas. 1,988 Palma Soriano. 1,776 Remanganaguas. 1,688 San Leandro. 1,003 Santa Filomena. 682 Sitio. 1,335 Puerto Padre District. 19,984 Arenas. 1,119 Caisimu. 1,653 Cauto del Paso. 1,500 Chaparra. 1,038 Curana.'. 1,000 Manati. 1,064 Maniabon. 995 OjodeAgua. 1,157 Oriente. 2,471 Palmarito. 1,072 Playuelas. 1,038 San Manuel. 2,783 Tunas. 663 Vedado. 1,200 Yarey. 1,231 Sagua de Tauamo District. 5,796 Bazan. 781 Calabazas. 952 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 190 Table 1V.— Population by wards and by cities — Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Sagua de Tanamo District—Continued. Esteron. 545 Juan Diaz. 714 Miguel. 665 Sagua de Tanamo. 1,252 Zabala. 887 San Luis District. 11,681 Dos Caminos. 3,991 La Luz. 618 Monte dos Leguas. 2,013 San Luis. 5,059 Santiago de Cuba District. 45,478 Belen. 6,365 Catedral. 5,152 Cri.sto. 5,310 Dajao. 1,555 Dolores. 9,011 Ramon de las Yaguas. 2,388 Santo Tomas. 8,035 Trinidad. 6,887 Institutions. 775 POPULATION OF CITIES. City. Abreus. Aguacate. Alquizar. Alto Songo. Artemisa. Baraeoa. Batabano. Bayamo. Bejucal. Bolondron. Cabezas. Caibarien. Calabazar . Camajuani. Campechuela. Cardenas. Ciego de Avila. Cienfuegos. Cifuentes. Cobre. Colon. Consolacion del Sur. Corral Falso. Cristo. Cruces. Cuevitas. Daiquiri. Encrucijada. Esperanza. Gibara. Guanabacoa. < Juana jay. Guantanamo. Guinea. Guira. Habana . Holguin. Jaruco. Jovellanos. Limonar. Macagua. Mad ruga. Managua. Manguito. Manzanillo. Marianao. Matanzas. Maximo Gomez. Mav&ri. Melena. Moron. Province. Popula¬ tion. City. Province. Santa Clara. 1,300 Niquero. Santiago. Habana . 1,555 3,714 3,158 2,312 4,937 1,025 Nueva Paz. Habana . _do. Nuevitas. Puerto Principe.. Santiago. Santiago. Palma Soriano. Pinar del Rio. Palmira. Santa Clara. Santiago. Perico. Matanzas. Habana . Pinar del Rio. Pinar del Rio .... Santiago. 3,022 4,828 2,604 1,721 Plaeetas. Santa Clara. Habana . Puentes Grandes_ Habana . Matanzas. Puerto Padre. Santiago. .do. Puerto Principe.... Puerto^Principe.. Santa Clara. 7,013 1,575 Quemado de Guines Quivican. Santa Clara. .do. Habana . .do. 5; 082 3,254 21,940 2,919 30,038 1,485 Rancho Yeloz. Santa Clara. Santiago. Ranchuelo. .do. Matanzas. Regia. Habana . Puerto Principe .. Santa Clara. Remedios. Rod as. Santa Clara. .do. .do. Roque. Matanzas. Santiago. 1,028 Sabanilla. .do. Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. 7,175 3,062 3,823 1,194 4,173 2,634 1,380 Sagua de Tanamo .. Sagua la Grande ... San Antonio de los Santiago. Santa Clara. Matanzas. Habana . Santiago. Santa Clara. Banos. Sancti Spiritus. Santa Clara. Matanzas. San Felipe. Habana . Santiago. San Fernando. Santa Clara. Santa Clara. 1.725 San Joso de las La- Habana . Santiago. 2, 111 6,841 13,965 6,483 7,137 8,149 jas. San Jose de los Ra- Matanzas.. Habana . Pinar del Rio. mos. San Juan de las Ye- Santa Clara. Santiago. Habana.. ros. San Luis. Santiago. Matanzas.. 1,676 235,981 6,045 Santa Ana. Matanzas. Habana _ Santa Clara. Santa Clara. Santiago. Santa Cruz del Sur . Puerto Principe .. Habana. 1,139 Santa Fe. Habana . Matanzas. 4^ 721 Santa Isabel de las Santa Clara. .do. . .do.. 2,876 1,467 La jas. Santiago. Santiago. Habana . 2,004 1,063 1 534 Santiago de las Ve¬ gas. Santo Domingo. Habana . .do. Matanzas , Santa Clara. Santiago 14,464 5,416 36,374 1.743 Surgidero. Habana. Habana . Trinidad. Santa Clara. Matanzas , Vereda Nueva. Habana . . .do. Vinales. Pinar del Rio .... Santiago 1 j 821 5,016 2,084 Vneltas... Habana Yaguaiav. .do. I Tier to Principe .. Yglesia. Matanzas. Popula¬ tion. 1,560 2,294 4,228 I, 776 4,519 2,436 8,880 5,409 2,683 1,729 25,10*2 1,562 1,800 1,514 3,019 II, 363 6,633 3,390 1,482 2,200 1,252 12,728 8, ITS 12,696 1.450 1,078 3,024 2,310 1,469 5,059 1.421 13.763 1,210 1,060 3,042 43,090 7,151 2,079 3,683 11,120 2. IP’. 1,000 1,336 1,206 3,441 DENSITY OF POPULATION 191 Table V .—Rural population excluding cities of 8,000 inhabitants or more, with area and density, by municipal districts. HABANA PROVINCE. Districts. Rural popula¬ tion. Area in square miles. Density per square mile. Aguacate. 3,163 8,746 63 50.2 Alquizar. 78 112.1 Bantoa. 1,725 11 156.8 Batabano. 6 ^ 523 5,142 5, 756 70 93.2 Bauta. 76 67. 6 Bejucal... 36 159.9 Cano. 4 , 210 26 161.9 Casiguas. 1,004 22 45 .6 Catalina. 2, 718 92 29.5 Ceiba de Agua. 2,197 6,115 1,835 3,245 11,548 6,074 34 64.6 Guanabacoa . 85 71.9 Giiara. 29 63.3 Giiines. 38 85.4 Guira de Helena. 63 183.3 Habana. 57 106.5 Isla de Pinos. 3' 199 840 3.8 Jaruco. 4,076 3,744 74 55.1 Madruga.... 58 64.5 Managua.A. 2', 887 8 ,593 3,207 58 49 .8 Marianao. 25 343. 7 Helena del Sur. 137 23.4 Nueva Paz. 1, 761 1,101 151 51.4 Pipian. . 66 16.7 Quivican. 2 , 423 3,293 1,855 4,453 1,915 65 37.3 Salud. 43 76.6 San Antonio de los Vegas. 42 44.2 San Antonio de losDanos. 30 148.4 San Felipe. 18 111.9 San Jose de las Lajas. 4,154 56 74.2 San Nicolas. 4,568 105 43.5 Santa Cruz del Norte. 2,965 81 36 Santa Maria del Rosario. 2 , 730 27 100 Santiago de las Vegas. 10,276 1,551 29 360 52 Tapaste. 30 Vereda Nueva. 2, 416 14 171 MATANZAS PROVINCE. Alacranes. 8 , 110 322 25 Bolondron. 9,179 5,184 1,993 2,921 3,174 12,195 267 34 96 62 54 Canasi. 31 Cardenas. .. .. 56 52 Carlos Rojas. 71 45 Colon. 114 107 Cuevitas. 5,807 6,000 5,853 7,529 79 71 Guamacaro. 159 38 Jague*y Grande. 326 18 123 Jovellanos. 61 Los Cayos. 374 (?) 105 (?) 48 43 Macagua. 5,042 Macuriges. 10^ 405 8,531 8,908 4,046 2,158 243 Marti. . . 362 24 Matanzas. 320 28 Maximo Gomez. 152 27 Mendez Capote. 117 28 Palmillas. 422 18 Peri co. 4,449 4,464 5,205 6,765 2,965 44 101 Roque. 126 35 Sabanilla. 77 68 San Jos<3 de los Ramos. 146 46 Santa Ana. 60 49 Union de Reyes. 5,226 36 145 192 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table V. —Rural population excluding cities of 8,OOO inhabitants or more, etc .— Cont’d. riNAR DEL RIO PROVINCE. Districts. Rural popula¬ tion. Area in square miles. Artemisa. 9,137 181 ' Bahia Honda. 2,117 286 Cabanas. 3,853 4,866 7,399 16,665 8,796 89 Candelaria. 203 Consolacion del Norte. 203 j Consolacidn del Sur. 360 Guana jay.„. 12 Guane*. 14,760 1,155 37 Guayabal. 2,710 Julian Diaz. 1,871 103 Los Palacios. 2,456 199 Mantua. 8,366 3,631 29,463 4,263 2,419 1,137 634 Mariel. 95 Pinar del Rio. 361 San Cristobal. 235 San Diego de los Banos. 202 San Diego de Nuiiez. 138 San Juan y Martinez. 14,787 7,608 17,700 151 San Luis. 154 Vinales. 208 PUERTO PRINCIPE PROVINCE. Ciego de Avila. 9,801 9,630 10,355 28,038 5,308 1,603 • 1,620 1,034 4,630 1,162 Moron. Nuevitas. Puerto Principe. Santa Cruz del Sur ... Density per square mile. 51 7 ■13 • 24 36 46 733 13 73 18 12 13 38 81 18 12 8 % 49 85 6 C 10 f. 5 SANTA CLARA PROVINCE. Abreus. Caibarien. Calabazar. Camajuani. Cartagena... Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos. Cifuentes. Cruces. Esperanza . Palmira. Placetas. Quemacjo de Guines. Rancho Veloz. Ranchuelo. Rodas. Sagua la Grande. San Antonio de las Vueltas Sancti SpiritUS. San Diego del Valle. San Fernando. San Juan de las Yeras. San Juan de los Remedios . Santa Clara. Santa Isabel de las Lajas... Santo Domingo. Trinidad. Yaguajay. 3,995 52 77 8,650 DO 157 13,419 279 48 14, 495 100 145 6,244 180 35 6,954 337 21 29,090 2,119 14 3,825 72 53 7,953 50 159 7,811 159 49 6,527 132 49 11,961 226 53 8,890 167 53 7,532 161 47 5,059 40 i 126 9,562 153 62 8,614 205 42 12,832 208 62 13,013 1,262 10 5,369 95 56 6,445 67 96 5,600 115 48 14,833 158 94 12,674 540 23 9,603 136 71 10,372 291 36 13,150 828 16 9,718 442 22 DENSITY OF POPULATION 193 Table V.— Rural population excluding cities of 8,000 inhabitants or more, etc. — Cont’d. SANTIAGO PROVINCE. Districts. Alto Songo. Baracoa. Bayamo. Cainpechuela. Caney . Cob re. Gibara. Guantanamo. Holguin. Jiguani. Manzanillo. Mayari. Niqiiero. Palma Soriano.... Puerto Padre. Sagua de Tanamo San Luis. Santiago de Cuba. 24662-13 Rural popula- Area in square Density per square Ctv7T1 • 1111 1 Co* mile. 12,770 450 28 21,944 1,676 13 21,193 1,034 20 7,369 51 144 9,126 201 46 10.707 870 12 31,594 466 68 28,063 1,216 23 34,506 1,589 22 10,495 495 21 17,824 491 36 8,504 1,009 8 2,718 145 19 12,305 244 50 19,984 1,215 16 5,7% 628 9 11,681 68 172 2,388 7 341 i i 194 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table VI.— Sex, general nativity , and color. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] * Provinces. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Total. Male. Female Total. Male. Female Total. Male. Female 1 Habana . 424,804 221,990 202,814 243 619 116,838 126, 781 68 , 971 54,162 14,809 2 City of Habana.... 235, 981 123,258 112, 723 115,532 52, 950 62,592 52,901 51,190 11,711 3 Matanzas. 202,444 103, 726 98,718 102,682 50,324 52,358 15,235 11,850 3,385 4 Pinar del Bio. 173,064 91,688 81,376 114,907 58,573 56, 334 10, 718 9,447 1,271 5 Puerto Principe. 88,234 44,899 43,335 66 , 349 32,575 33, 774 4,038 3,499 539 6 Santa Clara. 356,536 189, 057 167,479 214,945 106,771 108,174 29,823 25,336 4,487 7 Santiago. 327,715 163,845 163,870 167, 797 82,292 85,505 13,313 11,446 1,867 8 Cuba. 1,572,797 815,205 757,592 910,299 447,373 462,926 142,098 115,740 26,358 PROVINCE OF HABANA. Districts. * All clases. Native white. Foreign white. 4 Total. Male. Female Total. Male. Female Total. Male. Female 1 A (placate. 3,163 1,640 1,523 1,667 826 841 205 171 34 2 Alquizar. 8,746 4,814 3,932 5,472 2,837 2,635 833 727 106 3 Bainoa. 1,725 958 767 1,271 690 581 74 57 17 4 Batabano. 6,523 3,600 2,923 4,131 2,093 2,038 878 764 114 5 Bauta. 5,142 2,837 2,305 3,625 1,932 1,693 440 358 82 6 Bejucal. 5,756 2,738 3,018 4,462 2,019 2,413 416 306 110 7 Cano. 4,210 2,340 1,870 3,328 1,735 1,593 396 335 61 8 Casiguas. 1,004 561 443 667 371 296 23 19 4 9 Catalina. 2,718 1,353 1,365 2,040 986 1,054 152 113 39 10 Ceiba del Aqua. 2,197 1,174 1,023 1,748 897 851 170 125 45 11 Guanabacoa. 20,080 9,805 10,275 13,1.50 6,307 6,843 1,484 1,113 805 371 12 City of Guanabacoa 13,965 6,529 7,536 8,232 3,757 5,575 1,091 287 13 Guara. 1,835 925 910 1,395 692 703 89 62 27 14 Guinea. 11,394 5, 725 5,669 7,092 3,379 3,713 833 664 169 15 Guira de Melena. 11,548 6,486 5,062 7,372 3,907 3,465 1,221 1,059 162 16 Habana . 242,055 126, 775 115,280 119,816 55,193 64,623 53,877 42,008 11,869 17 City of Habana _ 235, 981 123,258 112,723 115,532 52,950 62,592 52,901 51,190 11,711 18 Isla de Pinos. 3,199 1,782 1,417 2,480 1,309 1,171 198 185 13 19 Jaruco. 4,076 2,152 1,924 3,044 1,574 1,470 206 160 46 20 Madruga. 3, 744 1,807 1,937 2,423 1,100 1,323 230 182 48 21 Managua . 2,887 1,549 1,338 2,268 1,206 1,062 110 88 22 22 Marianao. 8,593 4,582 4,011 4,758 2,307 2,451 1,159 932 227 23 Melena del Sur. 3,207 1,6.50 1,557 1,847 941 906 126 97 29 24 Nueva Paz. 7, 761 3,834 3,927 4,390 2,109 2,281 377 318 59 25 Pipian. 1,101 582 519 962 485 477 33 28 5 26 Quivican. 2,423 1,236 1,187 1,772 872 900 118 120 28 27 Regia. 11,363 5, 765 5,598 7,493 3,512 3,981 1,666 1,229 437 28 Sal ud. 3,293 1,787 1,506 2,874 1,524 1,350 193 151 42 29 San Antonio de las Vegas. 1,855 951 904 1,465 717 748 55 50 5 30 San Antonio de los Banos. 12,631 6,631 6,000 9,377 4,701 4,676 1,220 974 246 31 San Felipe. 1,915 939 976 1,209 588 621 125 87 38 32 San Jose de las Lajas. 4,154 2,010 2,114 2,965 1,367 1,598 189 155 34 33 San Nicolas. 4,568 2,543 1,603 2,025 1,362 2, 797 1,487 1,310 230 204 26 III Santa Cruz del Norte. 2, 965 1,705 924 781 136 97 39 35 Santa Maria del Ros¬ ario. 2 , 730 1,410 1,320 2,002 1,029 973 108 92 16 36 Santiago de las Vegas. 10,276 5,270 5,006 7,160 3,406 3,7.51 1,202 997 205 37 Ta paste. 1,551 849 702 1,2.50 667 583 68 58 10 38 Vereda Nueva. 2,416 1,297 1,119 2,142 1,119 1,023 101 77 24 39 The province.... 424,801 221,990 202,814 243,619 116,838 126,781 68,971 54,162 11,809 SEX, NATIVITY, AND COLOR. 195 Table V I.— -Sex, general nativity, amid color. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] Negro. Mixed. Chinese. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 54,849 23,892 30,957 53,479 23,293 30,186 3,886 3,805 81 1 28,750 11,212 17,538 36, 00/, 15,179 20,825 2, 79h 2,737 57 2 47,793 22,389 25,404 32,528 14,964 17,564 4,206 4,199 7 3 28,811 14,495 14,316 18,025 8,598 9,427 603 575 28 4 6 ,975 3,590 3,385 10,400 4,773 5,627 472 462 10 5 48,524 24,717 23,807 58,050 27,061 30,989 5,194 5,172 22 6 47,786 22,815 24,971 98,323 46,811 51,512 496 481 15 7 234,738 111,898 122,840 270,805 125,500 145,305 14,857 14,694 163 8 PROVINCE OF HABANA. Negro. Mixed. Chinese. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 900 438 462 348 162 186 43 43 1 1,404 701 703 996 508 488 41 41 2 204 120 84 172 87 85 4 4 3 916 449 467 548 241 304 50 50 4 673 335 338 390 198 192 14 14 5 415 177 238 454 197 257 9 9 6 276 155 121 201 106 95 9 9 7 239 136 103 73 33 40 2 2 8 319 161 158 206 92 114 i i 9 151 84 67 126 66 60 2 2 10 2,666 1,142 1,524 2,714 1,189 1,525 66 54 12 11 2,173 89 4 1,279 2, m 1,025 1,383 61 4 9 12 12 225 117 108 122 50 72 4 4 13 2,186 1,036 1,150 1,145 510 635 138 136 2 14 1,678 845 833 1,196 594 602 81 81 15 29,175 11,456 17,719 36,339 15,327 21,012 2,848 2,791 57 16 28, 750 11,212 17,538 36,00 4 15,179 20,825 2,79U 2,737 57 17 267 164 103 252 122 15U 2 2 18 425 210 215 382 191 191 19 17 2 19 717 343 374 343 151 192 31 31 20 281 143 138 227 111 116 1 1 21 1,390 685 705 1,197 571 626 89 87 2 22 877 439 438 329 145 181 28 28 23 1,989 896 1,093 912 418 494 93 93 24 76 52 24 29 16 13 1 1 25 351 168 183 146 70 76 6 6 26 1,138 496 642 950 412 538 116 116 27 137 71 66 89 41 48 28 238 131 107 94 50 44 3 3 29 1,109 535 574 905 402 503 20 19 i 30 413 185 228 158 70 88 10 9 i 31 650 331 319 312 149 163 38 38 32 1,027 551 476 450 237 213 64 64 33 779 388 391 316 165 151 29 29 34 379 184 195 237 102 135 4 3 i 35 912 418 494 987 437 550 15 12 3 3(> 160 90 70 72 33 39 1 1 37 107 60 47 62 37 25 4 4 38 54,849 23,892 30,957 53,479 23,293 30,186 3,886 3,805 81 39 196 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table VI. — Sex, general nativity, and coloi — Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Districts. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Total. Male. Female Total. Male. Female Total. Male. Female 1 Alacranes. 8,110 4,573 3,537 3,676 1,972 1,704 496 425 71 2 Bolondron. 9,179 4,850 4,329 3,819 1,947 1,872 789 628 161 3 Cabezas . 5,184 2,605 2,579 3,687 1,823 1,864 287 198 89 4 Canasi. 1,993 1,085 908 1,038 579 459 81 64 17 5 Cardenas. 24,861 11,744 13,117 14,085 6,381 7,704 2,314 1,792 522 6 City of Cardenas ... 21,950 10,206 11,735 11,962 5,308 6,655 2,081 1,625 5 57 7 Carlos Rojas. 3,174 1,615 1,559 1,179 592 587 174 143 31 8 Colon. 12,195 6,215 5,980 5,706 2,765 2,941 824 692 132 9 Cuevitas. 5,807 3,138 2,669 3,037 1,583 1,454 398 331 67 10 Guamacaro. 6,000 3,090 2,910 2, 605 1,299 1,306 359 269 90 11 Jagiiey Grande.. _ 5, 853 3,092 2, 761 3,674 1,835 1,839 430 359 71 12 Jove llanos. 7,529 3,573 3,956 2,835 1,273 1,562 411 352 59 13 Macagua. 5, 042 2,665 2,377 2,524 1,258 1,266 191 180 11 14 Maeuriges. 10,405 5,452 4,953 4,003 2,043 1,960 699 551 148 15 Marti. 8,905 4,931 3,974 4,125 2,163 1,962 427 370 57 16 Matanzas. 45,282 21,905 23,377 27,571 12,837 14,734 4,512 3,290 1,222 17 City of Matanzas .. 36,375 16,926 19,558 20,931 9,219 11,712 3,655 2,695 959 18 Maximo Gomez. 4,046 2,102 1,944 1,788 911 877 138 '116 22 19 Mendez Copote. 2,158 1,344 814 1,142 676 466 126 112 14 20 Palmillas. 7,647 4,155 3,492 3, 337 1, 728 1,609 427 361 66 21 Perico. 4,449 2,486 1,963 1,662 850 812 257 213 44 22 Roque. 4,464 2,577 1,887 2,0.56 1,147 909 227 196 31 23 Sabanilla. 5,205 2, 678 2,527 2,630 1,354 1,276 401 271 130 24 San Jose de los Ramos 6 , 765 3,652 3,113 2,673 1,396 1,277 612 446 166 25 Santa Ana. 2,965 1,577 1,388 1,593 819 774 251 174 77 26 Union de Reyes. 5,226 2,622 2,604 2,"237 1,093 1,144 404 317 87 27 The province ... 202,444 103,726 98, 718 102,682 50,324 52,358 15,235 11,850 3,385 PROVINCE OF PINAR PEL RIO. 1 Artemisa. 9,317 5,013 4,304 5,757 2,978 2,779 470 421 49 2 Bahia Honda. 2,117 1,003 1,114 803 401 402 62 52 10 3 Cabanas. 3,853 2,143 1,710 1,313 754 559 153 127 26 4 Candelaria. 4,866 2,620 2,246 2,939 1,549 1,390 221 188 33 5 Consolacion del Norte 7,399 3,945 3,454 5, 233 2,720 2,513 331 291 40 6 Consolacion del Sur.. 16,665 8 ,555 8,110 9,842 4,947 4, 895 664 589 75 7 Guanajay. 8 , 796 4,205 4,591 5, 646 2,593 3,053 667 501 166 8 Guane. 14,760 8,400 6,360 11,023 5, 987 5,036 1,177 1,085 92 9 Guayabal . 2,710 1,439 1,271 888 1,882 949 933 240 184 56 10 Julian Diaz. 1,871 983 1,060 551 509 46 42 4 11 Los Palacios. 2,456 1,303 1,153 1,473 770 703 87 82 5 12 Mantua. ... 8,366 4,537 3,829 6,471 3,372 3,099 468 447 21 13 Mariel. 3,631 1,802 1,829 2,151 1,088 1,063 142 114 28 14 Pinar del Rio. 38, 343 20,082 18,261 26,023 12,940 13,083 2,759 2,435 324 15 City of Pinar del Rio . 8,880 5,256 5,625 5,908 2,175 2, 733 1,025 S65 161 16 San Cristobal. 4,263 2,276 1,987 2,822 1,468 1,354 152 144 8 17 San Diego de los Banos. 2,419 1,302 1,117 1,760 917 843 75 61 11 18 San Diego de Nunez.. 1,137 572 565 458 248 210 45 39 6 19 San Juan y Martinez.. 14,787 8,170 6,617 10,202 5,273 4, 929 1,300 1,212 88 20 San Luis. 7,608 3,988 3,620 5,164 2,601 2,563 477 407 70 21 Vinales. 17,700 9,350 8,3.50 12,885 6,467 6,418 1,182 1,026 156 22 The province... 173,064 91,688 81, 376 114, 907 58,573 56,334 10,718 9,447 1,271 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. 1 Ciego de Avila. 9,801 4,979 4,822 8,034 3,999 4,035 313 283 30 2 Moron. 9,630 4,922 4,708 8,436 4,269 4,167 197 175 22 3 Nuevitas. 10,355 5,888 4,467 7,121 3,615 3,506 970 859 111 4 Puerto Principe. 53,140 26, 225 26,915 39,196 18,808 20,388 2,259 1,948 311 5 City of Puerto Principe . 25,102 10,912 15,190 16,505 6, 765 9,751 1,283 1,085 199 6 Santa Cruz del Sur ... 5,308 2,885 2,423 3,562 1,884 1,678 299 234 65 7 The province ... 88,23*1 44,899 43, 335 66,3*19 32,575 33,774 4,038 3,499 539 197 SEX, NATIVITY, AND COLOR. Table VI.— Sex, general nativity, and color —Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Negro. Mixed. Chinese. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 2,470 1,305 1,165 1,240 049 597 222 222 i 2,833 1,341 1,492 1,495 091 804 243 243 2 750 304 392 432 198 234 22 22 3 580 280 300 270 144 120 18 18 4 3,981 1,519 2,402 4,082 1,053 2,429 399 399 5 3,599 1,331 2,268 3,929 1,575 2,355 369 369 0 1,223 580 043 550 200 290 42 40 2 7 2,850 1,329 1,527 2,432 1,052 1,380 ‘ill 377 8 1,470 718 752 801 405 390 101 101 9 2,057 988 1,009 880 441 445 93 93 10 973 509 404 727 340 387 49 49 11 2,077 1,115 1,502 1,432 004 708 174 109 5 12 1,345 700 039 877 410 401 105 105 13 3,004 1,779 1,885 1,777 817 900 202 262 14 2,431 1,210 1,215 1,403 723 740 459 459 15 5,722 2,302 3,300 7,117 3,050 4,001 300 300 10 /,,876 1,889 2,987 6,580 2, 780 3,800 353 353 17 1,350 031 725 077 357 320 87 HI 18 028 357 271 1^3 130 03 09 09 19 2,215 1,122 1,093 1,351 027 724 317 317 20 1,421 710 711 842 440 390 207 267 21 1,405 743 002 593 308 285 183 183 22 1,512 097 815 590 290 300 60 06 23 1,830 921 909 1,471 710 701 179 179 24 701 377 384 332 179 153 28 28 25 1,021 720 901 880 408 472 84 84 20 47,793 22,389 25,404 32,528 14,904 17,504 4,200 4,199 7 27 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. 1,783 920 863 1,262 649 613 45 45 1 700 314 452 All 227 250 9 9 2 1,702 802 840 588 303 285 97 97 3 1 , 0*22 532 490 674 341 333 10 10 4 1,105 562 543 721 303 358 9 9 5 3,489 1,729 1,700 2,652 1,272 1,380 18 18 0 1,312 500 752 1,100 488 012 71 03 8 7 1,380 732 654 1,146 568 578 28 28 8 431 225 206 152 70 70 5 5 9 531 280 251 227 103 124 7 7 10 455 232 223 419 197 222 22 22 11 928 474 454 490 241 255 3 3 12 797 359 438 527 227 300 14 14 13 0,014 3,030 2, 978 3,385 1,525 1,800 102 140 10 14 1,668 657 1,011 1,172 553 719 107 107 15 838 451 387 443 205 238 8 8 10 355 205 150 226 110 110 3 3 17 410 170 240 198 89 109 20 20 18 2,118 1,124 994 1,151 545 000 10 10 19 1,217 028 589 735 341 394 15 11 4 20 2,140 1,094 1,052 1,440 722 724 41 41 21 28,811 14,495 14,310 18,025 8,598 9,427 003 * 575 28 22 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. 270 144 132 1,167 542 025 11 11 217 113 104 774 359 415 6 0 980 620 300 948 400 488 330 328 2 5,158 2,509 2,649 0,404 2,845 3,559 123 115 8 3,191 1,320 1,871 5,051 1,668 2,373 82 76 6 338 198 140 1,107 507 540 2 2 0,975 3,590 3,385 10,400 4,773 5,027 472 402 10 7 198 REPORT ON THK CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table VI.— Sex, general nativity, and color —Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Districts. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Total. Male. Female Total. Male. Female Total. Male. Female 1 Ahrens. 3,995 2,112 1,883 2,227 1,047 1,180 404 367 37 2 Caibarien. 8, 050 4,500 4,144 5,620 2,599 3,021 1,068 903 105 3 Calabazar . 13,419 7,552 5,807 7,000 3,938 3,662 1,016 888 128 4 Camajuani. 14,495 8,407 0,088 7,933 4,000 3,933 3,233 2,490 737 5 Cartagena. 0,244 3,553 2,091 3,852 2,035 1,817 504 480 18 6 Ceja de Pablo. 6,954 3,486 3,408 4,190 2,109 2,081 215 185 30 7 Cienfuegos. 59,128 32.173 26,955 32,209 10,028 16,181 0,376 5,537 839 8 City of Cienfuegos. HO, 038 14, 589 15, 44 9 15,735 7,01,5 8,690 3,!f85 2,900 133 585 9 Cifuentes. 3,825 1,938 1,887 2,4.50 1,206 1,244 106 33 10 Cruces. 7,953 4,170 3, 783 4,084 1,951 2,133 715 010 99 11 Esperanza. 7,811 4,145 3,060 5,002 2,892 2,710 262 237 25 12 Palmira. 6,527 3,509 2,958 3,238 1,559 1,079 550 533 23 13 Placetas. 11,901 0,481 5,480 7,214 3, 559 3,055 1,408 1,141 207 14 Quemado de Guines.. 8,890 4, 762 4,128 5,737 2,893 2,844 511 443 08 15 Rancho Veloz. 7,532 4,024 3,508 3,823 1,917 1,900 474 400 74 10 Ranchuelo. 5,059 2,521 2,538 3,007 1,449 1,018 233 221 12 17 Rodas. 9,562 5,307 4,195 5,427 2, 704 2,663 860 767 99 18 Sagua la Grande. 21,342 10,907 10,435 11,709 5,582 0,127 2,013 1,708 275 19 City of Sagua la Urn mil 1 . 12, 728 6,163 6,565 7,01,5 3,186 3,859 1,137 967 170 20 San Antonio de las Vueltas. 12,832 7,121 5,711 9,363 4,780 4,583 1,804 1,403 401 21 Saneti Spiritus. 25, 709 12,040 13,063 18,738 8,770 9,968 COO 589 77 22 City of Saneti Spir¬ itus . 12 , cm 5,030 7,666 8,170 3,166 5, 064 391 345 4 8 23 San Diego del Valle.. 5,309 2,890 2,473 4,098 2,103 1,935 212 184 28 24 San Fernando. 0,445 3,742 2,703 4,176 2,242 1,9:34 594 513 81 25 San Juan de las Veras. 5, 600 2,938 2,662 4,105 2,094 2,011 189 165 24 20 San Juan de los Re- medios. 14,833 7,005 7,228 9,094 4,355 4,739 1,436 1,199 237 27 Santa Clara. 28,437 14,582 13,855 18,300 8,994 9,306 1,972 1,058 314 28 City of Santa Clara 13,763 6,262 7,501 8,276 3,501 4 ,775 915 807 108 29 Santa Isabel de las Lajas. 9, 003 5,000 3,997 4,872 2,683 2,189 505 509 56 30 Santo Domingo. 10,372 5,496 4,876 7,000 3,591 3,409 431 374 57 31 Trinidad. 24,271 11,088 12,583 13,740 0,688 7,068 539 479 00 32 City of Trinidad.. 11,120 4 , 516 6,604 5,4 73 2,250 3,223 21,7 207 40 33 Yaguajay. 9, 718 5,064 4,054 5,471 2,883 2,588 1,305 1,082 223 34 The province... 350,530 189,057 107,479 214,945 100,771 108,174 29,823 25.330 4,487 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. 1 Alto Songo. 12,770 6,525 0,245 2,971 1,544 1,427 232 208 24 2 Baracoa . 21,944 11,141 10,803 9,394 4,765 4, 629 G18 542 70 3 Bavamo. 21,193 10,311 10,882 11,110 5,380 5,724 219 207 12 4 Campechuela. 7,369 4,107 3,262 3,971 2,151 1,820 318 306 12 5 Caney . 9,126 5,478 3,048 2,610 1,363 1,253 1,092 1,029 63 0 Cobre. 10,707 1,194 5,443 563 5,204 631 2,259 1,191 243 1,008 ' 267 244 999 22 n i Cristo. 510 77 65 12 8 Gibara. 31,594 10,120 15,408 24,244 12,104 12,080 1,505 1,194 311 9 Guantanamo. 28,003 14,470 13,587 7,028 3,489 3,539 1,843 1,509 274 10 Holguin. 34,500 17,020 17,480 29,010 14,468 15,142 081 573 108 11 Jiguani. 10,495 5,104 5, 391 0,179 3,022 3,157 03 00 3 12 Manzanillo. 32,288 15,600 16,622 18,115 8,491 9,024 1,224 1,080 144 13 City of Manzanillo. 1U, 464 6 , 518 7,91,6 8,333 3,565 4, 768 919 810 109 14 Mayari. 8,504 4,280 4,224 5,143 2,590 2 ,553 134 119 15 15 Niquero . 2, 718 i, 373 1,345 1,803 940 923 62 57 5 10 Palma Soriano. 12,305 0,390 5,909 5,9-17 3,001 2,883 128 110 12 17 Puerto Padre. 19,984 9,940 10,044 14,059 7,279 7,380 267 249 18 18 Sagua de Tanamo_ 5,7% 2,973 2,823 3,500 1,759 1,741 83 80 3 19 San Luis. 11,081 5,805 5,870 2,907 1,440 1,527 405 358 107 20 Santiago de Cuba .... 45,478 21,118 24,300 15,711 0,943 8,708 3,458 2 , 812 040 21 City of Santiago dr < 'n ha . 43, 090 19,922 23,168 15,258 6, 702 8, 556 3, 44 0 2,7 95 645 *>> The province... 327,715 103,845 103,870 107,797 82,292 85,505 13,313 11,446 1,807 SEX, NATIVITY, AND COLOR 199 Table YL — Sex, general nativity, and color — Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Negro. Mixed. Chinese. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 7-18 330 418 470 223 247 146 145 1 i 819 386 433 1,029 504 525 114 114 2 2,897 1,571 1,326 1,577 826 751 329 329 3 1,642 868 774 1,298 654 644 389 389 4 890 519 371 928 443 485 70 70 5 1,291 574 717 1,125 485 610 133 133 6 7,468 3,856 3,612 11,888 5,570 6,318 1,187 1,182 5 7 3, 06S 1,209 1,859 7,1,01 3,090 !,, 311 31,9 31,5 4 8 673 336 337 498 225 273 38 38 9 1,603 787 816 1,326 591 735 225 225 10 579 331 248 1,332 649 683 36 36 11 1,588 828 760 990 491 496 155 155 12 1,335 687 648 1,755 845 910 249 249 13 1,509 759 750 932 466 466 201 201 14 2,142 1,076 1,066 916 454 ' 462 177 177 15 892 432 460 834 386 448 33 33 16 1,399 802 597 1,692 856 836 178 178 17 3,790 1,650 2,140 3,244 1,362 1,882 556 545 11 18 1,899 738 1,161 2,2S1, 916 1,368 363 356 fy / i9 747 426 321 784 378 406 74 74 20 1,949 904 1,045 4,315 1,742 2,573 41 41 21 987 372 615 3, 111, 1,115 1,999 34 34 2-2 275 145 130 742 362 380 42 42 23 892 556 336 770 418 352 13 13 24 237 138 99 1,048 520 528 21 21 25 2,033 957 1,076 2,042 870 1,172 228 224 4 26 2,404 1,161 1,243 5,628 2,636 2,992 133 133 27 1,257 500 757 3,217 1,356 1,861 98 9S 28 2,598 1,487 1,111 1,433 792 641 135 135 29 1,610 783 827 1,197 615 582 134 133 1 30 3,223 1,619 1,604 6 , 728 2,867 3,861 35 35 31 1, 126 1,26 700 4, 21,9 1,608 2,61,1 25 25 32 1,291 749 542 1,529 828 701 122 322 33 48,524 24,717 23,807 58,050 27,061 30,989 5,191 5,172 22 34 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. 5,456 2,721 2,735 4,106 2,047 2,059 5 5 1 2,294 1,146 1.148 9,634 4,684 4,950 4 4 2 908 428 480 8,954 4,288 4,666 2 2 3 274 157 117 2,775 1,462 1,313 31 31 4 1,917 1,014 903 2,898 1,469 1,429 3 3 5 3,647 1,796 1,851 4,554 2,231 2,323 3 3 6 226 94 132 380 160 220 1 1 7 2,083 976 1,107 3,682 1,719 1,963 80 73 7 « 8,988 4,345 4,643 10,025 4,891 5,131 179 179 9 962 455 507 3,248 1,519 1,729 5 5 10 360 184 176 3,889 . 1,834 2,055 4 4 11 1,719 781 938 11,197 5,283 5,914 33 31 2 12 1,103 44 0 663 4 ,083 1,679 2 ,404 26 21, 2 13 369 197 172 2,855 1,371 1,484 3 3 14 13 8 5 780 368 412 15 1,812 959 853 4,414 2,253 2,161 4 4 16 1,090 539 551 3,952 1,857 2,095 16 16 17 650 352 298 1,563 782 781 18 3,621 1,756 1,865 4,621 2,244 2,377 7 7 19 11,397 4,907 6,490 14,796 6,346 8,450 116 110 6 20 10,319 4 ,398 5,921 13, 957 5,917 8,01,0 116 110 6 21 47 ,786 22,815 24,971 98,323 46,811 51,512 496 481 15 22 200 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table VII. — Percentage of population hy sex, general nativity, and color. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] PROVINCE OF HABANA. Districts. Total popula¬ tion. Sex. Nativity and color. Male. Female. Native whites. Foreign whites. Colored. Aguacate. 3,163 51.8 48.2 52.7 6.5 40.8 Alquizar. 8, 746 55.1 44.9 62.6 9.5 27.9 Bainoa. 1,725 65. 5 44.5 73.7 4.3 22.0 Batabano. 6,523 55.2 44.8 63.3 13.5 23.2 Bau la. 5,142 55. 2 44.8 70.5 8.6 20.9 Bejucal. 5, / Ob 47.6 52.4 77.5 7.2 15.3 Cano. 4,210 55. 6 44.4 79.1 9.4 11.5 Casiguas. 1,004 55. 9 44.1 66.4 2.3 31.3 Catalina. 2, 718 49.8 50.2 75.1 5.6 19.3 Ceiba del Agua. 2,197 53.4 46.6 79.6 7.7 12.7 Guanabacoa . 20,080 48.8 51.2 65.5 7.4 27.1 City of Guanabacoa . . IS, 965 4 6.8 53.2 59 7.8 33.2 Guara. 1,835 50.4 49.6 76 4.9 19.1 Guines. 11,394 50 50 62.2 7.3 30.5 Guira de Melena. 11,548 56.2 43.8 63.8 10.6 25.6 Habana. 242,055 52.4 47.6 49.5 22.3 28.2 City of Habana . 235, 981 52.2 4 7.8 4 9 22. 4 28.6 Isla de Pinos. 3,199 55. 7 44.3 77.5 6.2 16.3 Jaruco. 4,076 52.8 47.2 74. 7 5 20.3 Mad ruga. 3,744 48.3 51.7 64.7 6.2 29.1 Managua. 2,887 53.7 46 3 78.6 3.8 17.6 Marianao. 8,593 53.4 46.6 55.4 13.5 31.1 Melena del Sur. 3,207 51.4 48.6 57.6 3.9 38.5 Nueva Paz. 7,761 49.4 50.6 56.6 4.9 38.5 Pipian. 1,101 52.9 47.1 87.4 3 9.6 Quivic&n. 2,423 51.1 48.9 73.1 6.1 20.8 Regia. 11,363 50.7 49.3 65.9 14.7 19.4 Salud. 3,293 54.3 45. 7 87.3 5.9 6.8 San Antonio de las Vegas. 1,855 51.3 48.7 79 2.9 18.1 San Antonio de los Banos. 12,631 52.5 47.5 74.2 9.7 16.1 San Felipe. 1,915 49 51 63.2 6.5 30.3 San Jos6 de las Lajas. 4,154 49.1 50.9 71.4 4.5 24.1 San Nicol&s. 4,568 55.7 44.3 61.3 5 33.7 Santa Cruz del Norte. 2,965 54.1 45.9 57.8 4.5 37.7 Santa Maria del Rosario. 2,730 51.6 48.4 73.3 3.9 22.8 Santiago de las Vegas. 10,276 51.3 48.7 69.7 11.7 18.6 Tapaste. 1,551 54.7 45.3 80.6 4.4 15.0 Vereda Nueva. 2,416 53.7 46.3 88.6 4.2 7.2 The province. 424,804 52.3 47.7 57.4 16.2 26.4 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Alacranes. 8,110 56.4 43.6 45.3 6.1 48.0 Bolondrdn. 9,179 52.8 47.2 41.6 8.6 49.8 Cabezas. 5,184 50.2 49.8 71.1 5.5 23.4 Canasi. 1,993 54.4 45. 6 52.1 4.1 43.8 C&rdenas. 24,861 47.2 52.8 56.7 9.3 34.0 City of Curt ten ax . 21,91*0 4 6.5 53.5 54.5 9.5 36.0 Carlos Rojas. 3,174 50.9 49.1 37.1 5.5 57.4 Colon. 12,195 51 49 46.8 6.8 46.4 Cuevitas. 5,807 54 46 52.3 6.9 40.8 Guamacaro. 6,000 51.5 48.5 43.4 6 50.6 Jagiiey Grande. 5,853 52.8 47.2 62.8 7.3 29.9 .lovellanos. 7,529 47.5 52.5 37.6 5.5 56.9 Ivos Cavos. 374 79.1 20.9 48.9 40.1 11.0 M aeagua. 5,042 52.9 47.1 50.1 3.8 46.1 Macuriges. 10,405 52.4 47. 6 38.5 6.7 54.8 Marti. 8,531 54.3 45. 7 46.2 3.3 50.5 Matanzas. . 45,282 48.4 51.6 60.9 10 29.1 City of Matanzas . 36, 37 4 46.5 53. 5 57.6 10 32. 4 M:iximo-G6mez. 4,046 52 48 44.2 3.4 62.4 Mendez Cu|>ote. . 2,158 62.3 37.7 52.9 5.8 41.3 Pal mi lias. 7,647 54.3 45.7 43.6 5.6 50.8 Peri co. 4,449 55.9 44.1 37.3 5.8 56.9 Roque . 4.464 57. 7 42.3 46 5.1 48.9 Sabanilla. 5,205 51.5 48.5 50.5 /. / 41.8 San Jos6 de los Ramos. 6,765 54 46 39.5 9.1 51.4 Santa Ana. 2,965 53.2 46.8 53. 7 8.5 37.8 5,226 50.2 49.8 42.8 7.7 49.5 The province. 202,441 51.2 48.8 fSO. 7 7.5 41.8 SEX, NATIVITY, AND COLOR 201 Table VII .—Percentage of population hy sex , general nativity, and color — Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] PROVINCE OF PIXAR DEL RIO. Districts. Total popula¬ tion. Sex. Nativity and color. Male. Female. Native whites. Foreign whites. Colored. Artemisa. 9,317 53.8 46.2 61.8 5.1 33.1 Bahia Honda. 2,117 47.4 52.6 37.9 3 59.1 Cabanas. 3,853 55. 7 44.3 34.1 3.9 62.0 Candelaria. 4,856 53.9 46.1 60.4 4.6 35.0 Consolacion del Norte. 7, 399 53.3 46.7 70.7 4.5 24.8 Consolacion del Sur. 16,665 51.3 48.7 59 4 37.0 Guanajay. Guane. 8 , 796 47.8 52.2 64.2 7.6 28.2 14,760 56.9 43.1 74. 7 8 17.3 Guayabal. 2,710 53.1 46.9 69.4 8.9 21.7 Julian Diaz. 1,871 52.5 47.5 56.6 2.5 40.9 Los Palacios. 2,456 53.1 46.9 60 3.5 36.5 Mdntua. 8,366 45.8 54.2 77.3 5.6 17.1 Mariel. 3,631 49.6 50.4 59.2 3.9 36.9 Pinar del Rio. 38,343 52.3 47. 7 67.9 7.2 24.9 City of Pinar del Rio . 8,880 47.8 52. 1 55.3 11.5 33.2 San Cristobal. 4,263 53.4 46.6 66.2 3.6 30.2 San Diego de los Baiios.-. 2,419 53. 8 46.2 72.8 3.1 24.1 San Diego de Nunez. 1,137 50.3 49.7 40.3 4 55. 7 San Juan y Martinez. 14,787 55.3 44.7 69 8.8 22.2 San Luis. 7,608 52.4 47.6 67.9 6.3 25.8 Vinales. 17,700 52.8 47.2 72.8 6.7 20.5 The province. 173,064 53 47 66.4 6.2 27.4 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Ciego de Avila. 9,801 50.8 49.2 82 3.2 14.8 Moron. 9,630 51.1 48.9 87.6 2 10.4 Nue vitas. 10,355 56.8 43.2 68.8 9.4 21.8 Puerto Principe. 53,140 49.4 50.6 73.8 4.2 22.0 City of Puerto Principe . 25,102 4 3.5 56.5 65.8 5.1 29.1 Santa Cruz del Sur. 5,308 54.4 45 .6 67.1 5.6 27.3 The province. 88,234 50.9 49.1 75.2 4.6 20.2 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Ahrens. 3,995 52. 9 47.1 55 .8 10.1 34.1 Caibarien. 8,650 52.1 47.9 65 12.3 22.7 Calabazar.■. 13,419 56.3 43.7 56.6 7.6 35.8 Camajuani. 14,495 58 42 54.7 22 .3 23.0 Cartagena. ... 6,244 56. 9 43.1 61.7 8 1 30.2 Ceja de Pablo. 6,954 50.1 49.9 60.2 3. 1 36.7 Cienfuegos.. 59,128 54.4 45 .6 54.5 10.8 34.7 City of Cienfuegos . 30,038 1,8.6 51 .4 52. 4 11.6 36.0 Cifuentes. 3,825 50. 7 49.3 64.1 4.3 31. 6 Cruces . 7,953 52.4 47.6 51.3 9 39.7 Esperanza. 7,811 53.1 46.9 71.7 3.4 24.9 Palmira. 6,527 54. 7 45.3 49 .6 8.5 41.9 Placetas. 11,961 54.2 45.8 60.3 11.8 27.9 Quemado de Guinea. 8,890 53. 6 46.4 64.6 5.7 29. 7 Rancho Veloz. 7,532 53.4 46.6 50.8 6.3 42.9 Ranch uelo. 5,059 49 .8 50.2 60.6 4.6 34.8 Rod as. 9,562 56.1 43.9 56. 7 9.1 34.2 Sagua la Grande. 21,342 51.1 48.9 54. 9 9.6 35.5 City of Sagua la Grande . 12,728 r,8. 4 51.6 55. 4 8.9 35.7 San Antonio de las Vueltas. 12,832 55. 5 44.5 73 14.5 12 .5 Sancti-Spiritus. 25,709 46.9 53.1 72.9 2.6 24.5 City of Sancti-Spiritus . 12,696 39.6 60. 4 65.3 3. 1 32.6 San Diego del Valle. 5, 369 53.9 46.1 76.3 4 19.7 San F'ernando. 6 ,445 58.1 41.9 64.8 9.2 26.0 San Juan de las Yeras. 5,600 52.5 47.5 73.3 3.4 23.3 San Juan de los ltemedios. 14,833 51.3 48.7 61.3 9.7 29.0 Santa Clara. 28,437 51.3 48.7 64.4 6.9 28.7 City of Santa Clara . 13, 763 1,5. 5 54. 5 60.1 6.7 33.2 Santa isabel de las Lajas. 9,603 58.4 41.6 50.7 5.9 43.4 Santo Domingo. 10,372 53 47 67.5 4.2 28.3 Trinidad. 24,271 48.2 51.8 56.6 2.2 41.2 City oj Trinidad . 11,120 1,0.6 59. 4 1,9.2 2.2 1,8.6 Yaguajay. 9,718 58.3 41.7 56.3 13.4 30.3 The province . 356,536 53 47 60.3 8.4 31.3 202 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table VII. —Percentage of population hy sex, general nativity, and coloi —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total popula¬ tion. Sex. Nativity and color. Male. Female. Native whites. Foreign whites. Colored. Alto del Songo. 12,770 51.1 48.9 23.3 1.8 74.9 Baracoa. 21,944 50.8 49.2 42.8 2.8 54.4 Bavamo. 21,193 48. 7 51.3 52.4 1 46.6 Campechuela. 7,369 55. 7 44.3 53.9 4.3 41.8 Caney. 9,126 60 40 28.7 18.5 52.8 Cobre. 10,707 50.8 49.2 21 2.3 76.7 Cristo..•. 1,194 47.2 52.8 42.7 6.4 50.9 Gibara . 31,594 51 49 76.7 4.8 18.5 Guantanamo. . 28,063 51.6 48.4 25.1 6.9 68.0 Holguin. 34,506 49.3 50.7 85.8 2 12.2 Jiguani . 10,495 48.6 51.4 58.9 .6 40.5 Manzanillo. 32,288 48.5 51.5 56.1 3.8 40.1 City of Manzan illo . 14,464 45.1 54. 9 57.6 6.4 36.0 Mayari. 8,504 50.3 49. 7 60. 5 1.6 37.9 Niqviero. 2, 718 50.5 49.5 68.6 2.3 29.1 Palma Soriano. 12,305 52 48 48.3 1 50.7 Puerto Padre. 19,984 49. 7 50.3 73.4 1.3 25.3 Sagua de T&namo.— 5,796 51.3 48.7 60.4 1.4 38.2 San Luis. 11,681 49.7 50.3 25.4 4 70.6 Santiago de Cuba... 45, 478 46.4 53.6 34.5 7.6 57.9 City of Santiago . 4 3,090 4 6.2 53.8 35. 4 8 56.6 The province. 327, 715 50 50 51.20 4.09 44.71 Table VIII .—Age and sex. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] Age and sex. Provinces. Total popula- tion. Under 5 years. 5 to 17 years. 18 to 20 years. 21 to 44 years. 45 years and over. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Habana. City of Habana . Matanzas. 424,801 235,981 202,444 173,064 88,234 356,536 327,715 15,312 8, 700 8,073 8,133 5,054 13,058 16,274 15, 585 9,091 7,995 7,681 4,788 13,043 15,882 63,562 30, 615 33,530 32,741 17,197 63,637 66,214 64,127 .11,2 IS 33.939 31,915 16.940 63,452 65,674 16,069 8,638 6,528 7,064 2,467 12,249 10,050 15,512 8, 052 7,527 7,162 2, 727 12,706 11,514 95,578 57,382 35,690 32,725 13,031 70.937 49,804 77,503 45, 022 33,969 26,944 12, 149 56,420 48,872 31,469 17,923 19,905 11,025 7,1.50 29,176 21,.503 30,087 18, 340 15,288 7,674 6, 13.1 21,858 21,928 Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago. Cuba. 1,572,797j65,904 64,974 276,881 276,047 54,427 57,148 297,765 256,157 120,228 103,266 1 PROVINCE OF HABANA. Districts. Total popula¬ tion. Age and sex. Under 5 years. 5 to 17 years. 18 to 20 years. 21 to 44 years. 45 years and over. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Aguacate . 3,163 94 105 564 541 145 132 629 587 208 15S Alquizar. 8,746 327 327 1,522 1,422 420 327 1,947 1,383 598 473 Bainoa. 1,725 53 36 321 307 81 63 395 289 108 72 Batabano. 6,523 254 256 1,112 1,072 269 227 1,477 1,018 488 320 Bauto. 5,142 158 152 951 Kh5 230 179 1, 101 814 394 275 Bejucal. 5,756 199 218 926 1,017 193 254 1,088 1,091 332 408 Cano. 4,210 137 159 760 C96 220 120 016 678 '111 217 Casiguas . 1,001 33 19 186 176 56 50 234 162 52 36 Catalina. 2,718 63 85 552 520 103 133 468 477 167 150 Ceiba del Ague. 2,197 82 85 111 358 97 88 452 383 132 109 Guanabacoa. 20,080 723 690 3,3».0 3,308 711 862 3.668 3,826 1,343 1,590 City of Unanabaroa . 13,965 512 478 2, 195 mo 473 598 2,1,29 2,857 920 1,213 AGE AND SEX 203 Table VIII. — Age and sex —Continued. PROVINCE OF HAB AN A—Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] Age and sex. Districts. Total popula¬ tion. Under 5 years. 5 to 17 years. 18 to 20 years. 21 to 44 years. 45 years and over. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Guara. 1,835 61 66 391 348 76 83 317 330 80 83 Guines. 11,394 309 298 1,982 1,990 403 529 2,210 2,076 821 776 Guira de Helena. 11,548 4.54 403 2,033 1,886 588 427 2,547 1,710 864 636 Hahana . 242,055 8,909 9,292 31,630 33,123 8,914 8,254 58,880 45,931 18,442 18,680 City of Habana . 235,9S1 8,700 9,091 30,615 32,218 8,638 8,052 57,382 45, 022 17,923 18, 340 Isla de Pinos. 3,199 195 158 547 528 106 97 671 473 263 161 Jarueo. 4,07(1 112 102 826 757 159 154 790 711 265 200 Mad ruga. 3,744 96 117 666 690 139 162 621 703 285 265 Managua. 2,887 94 103 574 517 126 127 564 451 191 140 Marianao . 8,593 341 313 1,296 1,300 328 296 1,881 1,446 736 656 Helena del Sur. 3,207 106 116 601 570 96 144 591 553 256 174 Neuva Paz. 7,761 287 296 1,317 1,349 206 297 1,385 1,418 639 567 PTpian. Quivican. 1,101 17 26 210 215 43 46 241 182 71 50 2,423 82 71 449 468 90 . 89 443 423 172 136 Regia . 11,363 444 445 1,787 1,842 374 394 2,304 2,134 8.56 783 Salud . San Antonio de las Ve- 3,293 106 108 656 604 151 133 692 521 182 140 gas. San Antonio de los 1,855 67 62 383 337 69 90 310 318 122 97 Banos. 12,631 496 470 2,167 2,117 537 514 2,596 2,086 835 783 San Felipe. 1,915 73 66 369 338 50 59 312 368 135 145 San Jose de las Lajas ... 4,154 136 116 769 764 130 186 704 765 301 283 San Nicolas. 4,568 142 167 847 719 161 182 990 680 403 277 Santa Cruz del Norte... 2,965 68 78 550 496 124 137 603 493 258 158 Santa Maria del Rosario. 2,730 84 59 495 502 117 130 531 465 183 164 Santiago de las Vegas .. 10,276 392 407 1,579 1,635 380 394 2,170 1,837 749 733 Ta paste. 1,551 36 31 285 272 71 68 362 271 95 60 Vereda Nueva. 2,416 82 83 488 398 106 85 455 421 166 132 The province. 424,804 15,31215,585 63,562 64,127 16,069 15,512 95,578 77,503 31,469 30,087 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Alacranes . 8,110 307 275 1,336 1,215 343 258 1,710 1,238 877 551 Bolondron. 9,179 353 380 1,473 1,445 258 304 1,785 1,555 981 645 Cabezas . 5,184 185 188 965 972 205 251 898 864 352 304 Canasi. 1,993 39 48 369 343 78 67 394 314 205 136 Cardenas. 24,861 1,024 1,002 3,923 4,471 708 1,019 4,101 4,600 1,988 2,025 City of Cardenas _ 21,9/40 913 890 3,383 3,955 610 915 3,582 5,151 1,718 1,825 Carlos Rojas. 3,174 134 153 561 496 98 99 444 484 378 327 Colon. 12,195 477 573 1,996 2,122 367 440 2,121 2,006 1,254 839 Cuevitas. 5,807 244 236 1,0*22 924 203 205 1,008 898 661 406 Guamacaro. 6,000 237 267 993 988 189 225 981 914 690 516 Jagiiey Grande. 5,853 266 227 1,023 1,135 202 214 1,155 905 446 280 Jovellanos. 7,529 317 319 1,162 1,265 172 316 1,134 1,377 788 679 Maeagua. 5,042 206 199 908 915 163 178 919 788 469 297 Macuriges. 10,405 428 413 1,642 1,585 367 374 1,854 1,732 1,161 849 Marti. 8, 905 413 390 1,490 1,423 281 292 1,489 1,232 1,258 637 Matanzas. 45.282 1,632 1,670 7,486 7,721 1,429 1,839 8,014 8,557 3,344 3,590 City of Matanzas _ 36', 374 1,390 1,509 5,695 6,209 1,051 1,593 6,125 7,209 2,667 3.128 Maximo Gomez. 4,046 166 144 633 642 134 167 682 631 487 360 Mendez Capote. 2,158 62 55 414 270 77 56 451 297 340 136 Palmillas. 7,647 356 295 1,320 1,294 216 274 1,279 1,138 984 491 Perico. 4,449 189 168 655 621 162 152 850 713 630 309 Roque . 4,464 140 142 718 670 186 102 905 667 628 306 Sabanilla . 5,205 226 215 820 856 205 176 866 797 561 483 San Jose de los Ramos.. 6,765 339 307 1,212 1,143 212 212 1,171 934 718 517 Santa Ana. 2,965 125 110 526 508 95 89 536 436 295 245 Union de Reyes. 5,226 208 219 883 915 178 218 943 892 410 360 The province. 202,444 8,073 7,995 33,530 33,939 6, 528 7,527 35,690 33,969 19,905 15, 288 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Artemisa. 9,317 298 280 1,732 1,561 405 395 1,933 1,574 645 494 Bahia Honda. 2,117 82 st; 387 391 49 96 328 384 157 157 Cabanas. 3,853 102 97 615 572 166 123 834 633 426 285 Candelaria. 4,866 156 141 964 882 208 183 992 823 300 215 Consolacion del Norte.. 7,399 362 338 1,549 1,496 326 323 1,329 1,072 379 221 Consolaeion del Sur .... 16,665 755 765 3,278 3,242 673 726 2, 805 2,626 1,044 757 204 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table VIII. — Age and sex — Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] Age and sex. Provinces. Total popula¬ tion. Under 5 years. 5 to 17 years. 18 to 20 years. 21 to 44 years. 45 years and ' over. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. • Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Guanajay. 8, 796 370 354 1,520 1,552 257 399 1,455 1,675 603 611 Guane. 14,760 549 499 2, 798 2,585 713 637 3, 569 2,165 771 474 Guayabal. 2, 710 91 90 521 493 138 122 487 421 202 145 Julian Diaz. 1,871 60 64 400 380 75 82 345 284 103 78 Ixis Palacios. 2,456 / / 74 498 466 101 131 503 401 124 81 Mantua. 8,366 380 344 1,631 1,629 375 370 1,741 1,207 410 279 Mariel. 3,631 130 145 619 614 122 138 635 662 296 270 l’inar del Rio. 38,343 2,252 2,127 7,022 6,999 1,428 1,539 6,774 5,936 2,606 1,660 City of Pinar del Rio. 8,880 4 06 4 00 1,312 1,563 288 4 27 1,651 1, 764 509 4 70 San Cristobal. 4,263 122 101 836 827 200 205 885 714 233 no San Diego de los Banos. 2,419 74 89 490 421 105 93 508 399 125 115 San Diego de Nunez.... 1,137 39 47 202 185 33 35 169 174 129 124 San Juan v Martinez_ 14,787 736 630 2,873 2,689 699 575 2,942 2,141 920 582 San Luis. 7, 608 425 405 1,457 1,431 285 295 1,331 1,179 490 310 Vinales. 17,704 1,073 1,005 3,349 3,500 706 695 3,160 2,474 1,062 676 The province. 173,064 8,133 7,681 32,741 31,915 7,064 7,162 32,725 26,944 11,025 7,674 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Ciego de Avila. 9,801 573 501 2,178 2,180 262 311 1,334 1,294 632 536 Moron. 9,630 538 487 2,165 2,088 276 314 1,311 1,300 632 519 Nuevitas. 10,355 526 471 1,792 1,763 355 306 2,188 1,332 1,027 595 Puerto Principe. City of Puerto Prin- 53,140 3,049 2,987 9,970 9,877 1,410 1,629 7,376 7,928 4,420 4,494 cipe . 25,102 5,308 1,181 1,171 3,909 4, 508 610 918 3,316 4, 675 1,896 439 2,918 Santa Cruz del Sur. 368 342 1,092 1,032 164 167 822 595 287 The province. 88,234 5,054 4,788 17,197 16,940 2,467 2 ' 727 13,031 12,449 7,150 6,431 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Abreus. 3,995 158 180 679 762 116 140 /10 534 384 267 Caibarien. 8,650 439 406 1,507 1,577 263 299 1,629 1,339 668 523 Calabazar. 13,419 475 458 2,311 2,200 471 498 2,897 2,020 1,398 691 Camajuani. 14,495 547 576 2,470 2,366 634 427 3,623 2,091 1,133 628 Cartegena. 6,244 192 215 1,107 1,087 225 222 1,514 894 515 273 Cejade Pablo. 6,951 391 375 1,292 1,334 177 231 958 1,022 668 506 Cienfuegos. 59,128 2,254 2,214 9,978 9,775 2,084 2,063 12,827 9,357 5,080 3,546 City of Cienfuegos... 30,038 1,2U8 1.301, 4,642 5,144 950 1,177 5,677 5,51,3 2,072 2,281 Cifuentes. 3,825 156 143 715 703 84 151 676 672 307 218 Cruces. 7,953 262 270 1,305 1,422 240 291 1,590 1,290 773 510 Esperanza . 7,811 237 215 1,524 1,450 305 315 1,594 1,307 485 379 Palmira. 6,527 270 251 1,125 1,149 213 236 1,308 889 053 433 Placetas. 11.961 418 416 2,157 2,173 402 372 2,496 1,901 1,008 618 Quemado de Guines.... 8,890 390 316 1,589 1,598 304 306 1,664 1,414 815 494 Rancho Veloz. 7,532 317 337 1,343 1,3:18 196 270 1,291 .1,047 877 516 Ranchuelo. 5,059 181 185 933 1,020 145 194 915 861 347 278 Rod as. 9,562 357 413 1. / 3o 1,693 347 325 2,066 1,295 862 469 Sagua la Grande. City of Sagua la 21,342 82*2 892 3,513 3,746 660 790 3,997 3,621 1.915 1,386 Grande . San Antonio de las 12,72S 455 521 2,07!, 2,312 355 501 2,129 2,315 1,110 '916 Vueltas. 12,832 478 491 2,492 2,345 519 427 2,765 1,906 867 542 Sancti Spiritus. 25,709 793 877 5,068 5,205 709 881 3,613 4,308 1,863 2,392 Cit y of Si met i So i ri t u s 12,696 370 1,56 2,202 2,572 283 515 U,2S !, 539 / 4/ 1,58!, San Diego del Valle- 5,369 171 131 1,006 964) 186 218 1,167 903 360 27)8 San Fernando. 6,445 207 206 1,275 1,180 253 197 1,516 831 491 289 San Juan de las Veras.. San Juan de los Reme- 5,600 213 194 1,124 1,110 205 212 1,051 891 345 255 dios. 14,833 533 576 2,469 2,655 493 514 2,830 2, 376 1,274 1,107 Santa Clara. 28,437 843 782 5,145 6,164 1,062 1,095 5,694 5,010 1,838 1,804 City of Santa Clara.. 13,763 444 ',30 2,217 2,528 448 593 2,373 2,813 7 80 1,137 Santa Isabel de las Lajas 9,603 248 264 1,679 1,448 477 341 2,309 1.433 893 511 Santo Domingo. 10,372 345 292 1,849 1,920 318 381 2,125 1,715 839 568 Tinidad . 24,271 925 934 4,527 1,602 746 1,010 3,733 4,199 1,757 1,938 City of Trinidad . 11,120 4 78 505 1,87 4 2,141 256 530 1,362 2,296 606 1,132 9,718 436 431 1,720 1,670 395 300 2,308 1,294 805 459 The province. 356,536 13,058 13,043 63,637 63. 452 12,249 12,706 70,937 56,420 29,176 21.858 AGE AND SEX 205 Table VIII. — Aye and sear.—Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] Age and sex. Districts. Total popula¬ tion. Under 5 years. 5 to 17 years. 18 to 20 years. 21 to 44 years. 45 years and over. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male- Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Male. Fe¬ male. Alto Songo. 12,770 096 652 2,637 2,520 399 421 1,809 1,749 984 903 Baracoa . 21,944 1,509 1,391 4,404 4,308 583 683 3,332 3,171 1,313 1,250 Bayamo. 21,193 1,231 1,106 4, 755 4,701 016 710 2,395 2, 792 1,314 1,513 Campeehuela. 7,309 356 333 1,522 1,343 298 236 1,456 972 475 378 Caney . 9,126 322 322 1,594 1,507 298 249 2, 049 1,130 015 440 Cobre. 10,707 007 571 2,035 2,057 327 365 1,571 1,442 903 829 Cristo. 1,194 33 44 244 248 23 38 192 211 71 90 Gibara. 31,594 1,594 1,523 0, 700 6,517 1,012 1,104 4,889 4,043 1,871 1,081 Guantanamo. 2I^QOOHH05l^»CHCO'>OiC»Cl'OOXOOHOHh»COI^OJl' 01 . 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X r- C X O O O C I.C O O C O X O X N -H *“2 l' C C X iC C Cl O O O C l' - O X X O O iC Cl Cl Cl -r ■*-* ci t- ci x ^ x c c -r c* ci oxxc^c^ci ci Cl Cl »— — — -- o H Cl P . * . • ^ • £3 ^ ^ | | J | ? >*>,>. ' V. >. X >■.X. X. X XXX. ^ ^ 1-1 , T//> , fl'0i’!'O , I l »1'»TIifSTCl'r3TSlS3 — £- i_ u C £ v-i hh ojNNMcc'J’rioiofflot't'OO*#® S - BufflSS^OSOfOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOO >.jS ►5 ''"'"'"'•“'OiCXO'-'iOOiCOiCOiCOi/tOtCOi/tOiCO/" ►J->nMnOr-««N^DKrfr'!'5Lrc'ci'i'Xxr.a-- > d Table IX. — Aye , race, nativity, and sex — Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. AGE, RACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX. 209 0j a 0 ) £h osai«o^ocooH^HMcoaiTt«coocoio^^wcoiocoaicoco GO 00 D X CO G rn Oi O r-iMOHXCCGOiOH^COH iONCOl < iODTrDHXDn^Or''OOOOJiOHM rH CO CO T I CM 1 CO CM T3 a> u O r—> o o 0 ) 3 j Ht^a5Hiocciocoa5CDioi^ciLO’fH^*f^*foCi’ficco»oo! H^WC5HOWOCOGD’tOiC50C'lOGOOMXCCOTr^^ «OCJCO^ODiOi005COTtiOi^a5H'OO^XC^CO rH COCOt-H H H H tH rH CO *o CO co CM c 3 +-> o H OOiOiOiOCDC^Ht^XiOHOJ'MHt^OHXCO'MOCOMHCD OiCOOQOHt^COC)H < OO^OOCOCJHiOH < C)CIH , t^iOCC , 7 , CC (NiOCOasHiOOJC^HiOHHHOCKNOO^CO^iOH'N H^OCOINHW^COC^OIHH CO o •rH £ I 0 ) (H o oj XHt^O^'OOOHCOOHOHOOXCO'tHCOODXHHCJ C^Xt^HXXt^Hr^THMt^OGiOOiXCl HXdOJ^XOHX'O^XH I- ^r* oT o EH ^TfXt^XOiO’fOXOXHX^ONXiOClCl'Mi^HOCIHCI rH ^HO’fC^X^X^fCIX^XOCl^C'JnH HC^XXOCO^HCJO^^^rHrl CO r-H o • rH rd & 0 ) •rH H-d cj £ o> "3 a a; Cl Cl D* X iO X *f O H CO O CJ X ’H iO H I-' O iO 1^ iO iO O HOHDXOCOOO^^DXl^^’fOH'O'MHCrriOHr- HOOCl^COOiOOOOrrOiONNMiOOClH HHOiX^XC^^iOXCSC^HH CM CO CO co lO ^COXiOCMCM'H H’fHdDMOClHHXOOOiOD I''* CO O N O D O Cl O CO 'O N OOh-iOiOOH’fHiiCX ’H H 1 O O w Cl O O O N H 1 O CJ DXCU^OHTfCOCJO^X^OCOCJOCJ^H'HH rH rH CM CO CM CO’'tf CM CO I> iQ CO CO CM CM r-H co t- CO X 0 oj 3 Q Q O lO X O M X X X C) H CO O LC H X H X CO CO Cl Cl O O X O CM CO rH CO X ’ X 05 CO X CM JOLOCOt^Ost^T-HGOt^COCMiOCO-Hid.COCOCM 'OCMXHHXOiOOXiCDcOiOHN THrHCMCOCOlOTjiCMt>»05COTji^COCMTHrH CO 00 CO c 3 *3 O Eh H-t-ft^iCXXO^OOXHXrHCM^'HXOX'O'M'HXCOiOiO ~ i CO <■-“ ~ — —-- - - ■ — - ~ -- • • - - - JCOO^LOCOCOiOCOt' — ~ c ‘ — > CO CO lO CM 05 ' CO X CM LC H X '-r lO 05 CM 05 t CMTjiI>'0)05C0C0OOr-ilC05O05CM^ T i iO CO COrHCMCOrjiCOiOO^XiCCOCOCMCOXiOiOCMCMrH CM CM rH rH rH rH 5 CO i> tH o> 'C fl & ■ i • i • ga.tn m < .. U (h . i . . • c« oj sj aj • • • • • ^ a> a> o • : : : : $ * X X X >.-T 05 ImH-O-H OH OHC5H H H * * - J --- — ~ ~ xxxxxxxxxxx ojojcjcjcjcjoicjajaiGj a>ooQ->a>a>a>a>a)a>a> ^ r^> r*“« r^< r^« r*"» i-% i-H r*'. £>*> oj oj o3 ci^ 1 JJ UJ m^~k N V- w» *— J w* • r W - ' W- ■^T’ W - "VP 05 U, H^rHrt h CM CJ X X H H lO lO CO 'O D o o +J «-> iCO <©t> ooo^ooooooooo 24662 - ooooo-S^-^ >»££ ^►‘^^OXSOOOH rHCMCO^lOrHrHrHCMCM HlOO J CM X lOOiOOlOO Co 'H 1 ^ ^ CO X X tH tH oj oj a> v >V 05 l- X o o ♦-> H-> lOO l-X x x tH 5- ai oj a> a> r% 05 tH X 05 o o +-> «-> $8 -14 x • . tH • . cj • • a> • a £S 2 £ 2 ? cj O 05 ^ ^H 2 ^ 05 rH H*J O O tH 210 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. "3 0> 3 3 o O 3 CO >5 lO •s CJ « s- XI a a a w on i—i o 55 ►—< 0$ a, o H e5 w D CL. a O w o z © u © 'o .5f '3 (-. O a. © •rH JO £ © > • H -«-> c3 00(NHHCOCOMOC.01CCOOOCCOCOCOt^t^a>HlCOHlOlOiOH l'- C'l X O ?! iO CO I 3} —■ O CO r-i C9 O X O ^ ’T 'O OJ N HHHOJNhhcDCCNiOOOiOiO "3 o H 0(Noa5ooiooaicoooo^^Ha>^t-Ha5coa5i-co^M>.o O lO U ^ H -Tf OJ N rn A, ^ oo ^ ^ X 1. - HHHCl^ClHlOWrl^Tf'T’T'^CC’f CO CO H H r -1 04 Cl O »c 04 X 0> cs 3 a> o H 2 o o *3 S o H a> o3 r4 2 • »C W CO 05 l'* O Ci ri r -1 COO'^'f^COCOHH ^i^H^^^^cjff5^co?oxowcocowi^'>occcoaiOi''vO» 00 CO CO CO 00 1C I--fOXO(N05^incOh-X»OCXOa5Mr-( O lO C5 C5 Ci N 'O T O O X IM O O N »H o C9 N iOiOC9i i 04 i lO N O uO X U N lO N X Ci X ri N I __ 04 —< GC lit O X ~T f-H O Os O CO CO 1^ X rr O O X) GO MOX050NONMOiO^OG50HXOiO(NH 82 HOiONH I 04 1 OiO^^N^OO’f^^LOHOiOOHHiOOsOiOl-XXXMN iO»0^'-O^COXXiOC5l^^iOXXHCOX(NC^HXiOCCC9 ’TOiOXOmXOO^HXXXC^^OC^XiO^HH tH-T T-TrH 04 of© T*c4WcO cdVcOCO of ofrH rH I- <0 r-t^i^XO^^iOC^iOXHr^XXOt>*LO^LOLOHiO-fHO!N wHCCOMlOlC'-r-r-HXCOOJrH-fhXCJXlOO^’TH -- -- CO CO H H X'wCi^N^TCOXONiOOiiOriO'OXOt r-T t-H L- 'S CO t-T of of of of of r-T r-T O^^r^X^CONrf C0X0C0i0X^TfOClH 04 04 OJ 04 04 i XXXOJC^OHOifiXO^XOiOOOOOOOI^NOtN^M OCOOMXONrHCOiCC50rfXCOC5NX*OHOTtiOOOCOC4 xcoa5co-rocod^^^Ha3C4o^040HXXcow i-i T-f of of’ t' CO CO r-T ^ lO Lo' lO* t^T CO co" of of I- -r X a* CO lO OS CO X X o CO X lO iO of X os -r X o o OS OS X 3 04 ad X a> o S : : : : : £ £ £ :££££££££££££££££ : : g Cj • • • • .r cj -* c3 'S-JdisJciiscJsii^cjsjcJd • • *-* » • • . • c *j j y •a>oa>a>oa>aa/Oooa>ooo. w w w w v w w w w v w v v w w ^ ^ • I • • t ^ fc. . K. • »»»*> > > t & fc ». . K t . - ^ . . . . • S r> >> •*• 03 *-' fc. C U U ^ w e* m* r*. ^ 'Ti _ -.r»—. , , oSs©©e322 >.2 2 ^ ^ i CL,>.^^.; 2i(3a0OHi . Oi . OiC . 0 i50 i.5q^5 M , rtC4C9^iO'-^r-0404C4XX'VTOiOOOl>il'«XXa5 0'-' >• >» >• >. > t >»>•>. t>> >»>, >» >> >»>* x > -c4C4cowvT»0»c'wCi^^xxoa5 g 2 OQOOOCOOOOC ooS AGE, RACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX. 2 U o pci Oh c*» o *43 si £ o a 0) H a a; CO*f lOfNOONCOiOOOCOO^OOOHHQOaJasaiOrHCOHOi ^WOi^’fOCOHDCOHHHO^'OXX'HCO’f'MHCiXCO^ OiCDOJH^Oai’f'H'OOHWHHH'NDO'O^CC t-iD'1'-COC^HCO ,! H' , HCOCOC^C'1HH a> r—i c3 — 'MOC5i005X^i-ONiOiOCO^^'4DNN^r-i^*fH 1 0’rCOG lO'fMNWt^NiOCOH'NOOl^OOOHCOW^^COXOlOHlOCO OiOOOOHC^WHHWOOSOH^NO^^OOXNCOHH rHt>I>COCIrHCOCOCOCOCOCICOOIOIrH O H OH^H-N^’tOX'NCOXCiCOC'rOXX-f^WCOWOiOOi^'C OHiC^^^XHDHO^XXHOOJOiX'O CO O O 05 N lO CC O 'O 'O O lO D H lO OO r- -f O lO lO L- H H rH*rH* r-T rH of ^^!>*P'of c©ocfi>~©' ~ a f—I c3 a OlOO(MHOH?OHNOOOOO^iC^HQOiOi>aiiO(Nr>a>r>coT} o H rH'rtOOX>C©tOCO©lrHi C)rHOa5HCO'HC5CH^OOH , MCliOOiOJ500COaJ^HNiO’^' t^asooo5dC5coc^CiHXH(Niococot>-oocoascoooiTjiQ^£^'iOCOC>'SiOCO<>*T-4 CO CO rH rH rH H H H rH a rr si a Hi lnHajisiowxt'Siio^ioxocnsoo-i't'OOOfiiCiOtc^i I'»3Of5'LC-?M'JS5l'r-5n(-it^Ol>0)i0MOS)OMM T-^7-ioS'cCCO\ei'~TCOOO-rf^'-rfc^CiOOiaiacOCCT-^rH CJ C^l rH H H H H $ CG 02 U U a Cfi CQ n 09 GO 09 GQ Sh fn fn tn Pi fH fH o> 'C a p .GG 02 02 • • • • . fn ^ fn . . . • w S ^ 5 'c3:3c2cSc3cSctc3c3ci : : . 1 W 7J 73 NG5 f- l ~t 02 02 fH t-l 02 02 02 H t- t-H «H *H o 3 o S o hC rC rC rC J>» >., ^ - _- .4 w- rt< 05 -* 05 -f ^■^io»o?oot'C^oOGoa> o o o o o 02 • fH . c3 • a; • ££ 2 si ®i c> oo l> l- OiOO 00 09 OS 00 rH CO o to 05 © tC CO co 1^ t- X CO CO CO tO Cl CO Cl CO of Cl 00 o OiOOiOOOiOOM^XOHHOHCOiOhOO'HOOOONCO OOl^^HClOINOOCSHCOOOCOCiHTllOiOOOOOClCOH rH CJC5*OCU^H , t^t^XiOCOt^OOLO'^^iOCOHiOCJH l> I> © o o CO r o Cl CO Cl 05 o lO H' o Cl co rH o 05 Cl O Cl 05 1- • CO 05 r —1 00 co 00 05 CO rH CO o Cl _ o lO oo 00 co 00 Cl co co CO lO 05 o Cl 00 00 CO CO 00 Ttl Cl CO oo t- 05 to ~r l> CO rH rH © a rH rH Cl CO CO lO CO i> 1C Cl rH l> TJ^ oT & Cl Cl rH TH rH rH rH rH co rH tO 05 Tjf H Cl 05 l> -p co i0iC05C00500HO'O0>OC005iO^C0C000O00i0CDH|>iOC0OiO H 05 lO O CJ O -r H* CO CO CO O X 05 l> lO O O CJ O iO H CO 05 05005*f rH CO CO O 00 CO tO COOOl' , H 1 0 05Hi00505MCl ccco^oVHVy^oxVHVcoocccoV^cocT lOiOOIrH Cl CO Cl o a •H > o lH - a> o »0 05 rH hr 212 REFORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. r3 rO d- c 3 13 13 e s- I >< hH H t-H S5 < E-< — jo z O 0 < i—i H £ < 02 O w o £ I—I K* o 22 03 > ci £ X /- X o3 o> *3 s o G "3 o H .£f '3 5-i o Q C G &H 43 o H g o o pH c3 s o H a 0) Pn 03 c3 VH G — ’fiOC'l© ,r *?)COO'riOi^C^CO»-'OOr--[^OLOiO'NCiCOC^ COC^lCOOOMOCOOX'Hr-l^rH^^'fCSCOL^^CO rH r-fr-f rH r-fr-fofr-fiG CO r-fCOiG iG Tjf Tf 0404~r-f r-f OGO’fCOX^HiOJOLOC^XX'^^CCCO^COCJNCOt^l^X'^ HCJOCOiNiOlNOOHW^’f a5rHOMOriOliOWCO^OWW COC^iOXXt^iO»C^OCOGiCCTr^iOiOiC(N^ *— H rH ^ t™< rH 04 rH 04 t— 1 CO ^ ^ CO CO 04 04 rH rH (NCCOH^HOO’tOOi^HXOOXOHOOlOXiCM'Ot iOiOX"f0XXOiOiOXC4Tf C4C4 0Mt^OOHI-iOCOCOOiOT 04rH^Ot^C00*rH04iC 04 04iGI^ iG iG of CO r-f r-f 04 04 rH .iCCOiOHOiOHHXOHHXNCOOOXH'O'OCCIHCI H(N04Ht*C4XXlOOTf, »OXXiCH'OHt''HXCiOC4H0040 OiCWHC*OXNC4f Xl^iOOI'COiCOI^OCOWr-r- OH'i'O^OC’TXXXCCOXCOOH'TrH^cOH rHHHHOlCTfiCWHCO^^TpTjiCOC^HH rH^OCJ^GNO*OC4COOOCOC5»OH < GCOXH‘'^Ot^C5^COOO C40COOiOl*HTj~Tjf ocfo rH oodldfoof CO r-f rH 04 04 rH rH rH rH OOHOhiChXXiNOiCiCOiCO^'OlOHOuOCOOO^Oh C4 N h ‘O O O lC O ^ ^ O O lG 05 iO 'Cl'' X O rH -h- O M Tf CC r- iCC4N^cOiOiOOHOTfCOO^HOC0 04X(NO^COHri co" of of CO Tjf of? £ cTo CO x" cf r-f cf of o"lG C*f of r-f r-f 04 04 r- HHH iC CO iC X iO Cl f Cl C X O I- O O Cl w CO O O X O n X O O C4 h XOOX XHOHCCOJCC^XOOJCCOuC^XXOOOOMXOJ C5cocoxiOiOO"rxi^caixi^o-rOrH-fcowxoc4C4H o" Hjf lO x" 1 -f of co" t>f ?© o" 04" O oc of h O w" 04 " of iG iG 04 rH rH 04 04 04 H rH rH X Oi rr o o o iG o o X *0 co rH co CO iG iG X 04 a> 04 of X t^f o o X CO o vG 3 CO o iG t>f 04 CO g ... TOSGXxaoaQwgooogoaoxaocGgQX • • H • t • • 1 U U m iliUUUl-l-UUUUUUUiLiUU t • r, . . • • x si si c5 *sis5sisic3sisjsi52sisJaisisisisi • • >*• * * • £ ^ ^ ^ >0 0^1)1)00000^0)0010)^ *03 ; j • j g >»>»>» ' >-i >»>» >» >. >» >-.>»>•>> >* >» >■» >•>>>> g > r • x cr x >»-r o -j $ £- *h C Su rH r^r-H hOJC'ICOXHHiAiGOCI'I^XXOO £$ ^ 'roSS?S^-°°? , ® 00000000000CS 5© >>.3 c ^>*>*>»*-o^XOH^OiGOiGQ^QiftOiOOiCOiGo5 HHC4X^Cr-iHHC40)^XXHHiT.ir:^O^l'XXOOnH) AGE, RACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX. 213 T3 o 3 O O CO ^3 C3 £ X a> p « << 02 O o w p p £ w p o >< H I—I o T3 0> (h jD 'o o a> 'S a C^Oi-(CO'^'^tiCOr'l>00'^(N«OCOiOCO'^C~CO- •rH A * C .Sf ’5 t- o P .CO'^r-lCOC5THlOlO - ^ClCCiO’f' , ^Na5HailO - ^HrH HHcocococoaico-^cocoocotoai'^HN^^o^vO'^ HNHHHlODDCOCO^TfiHClH OOI>OOOOOHMI>iOC^iOiOCO +-> •«—I ,c £ a) > • rH -*H> c3 0) "3 a a> pH OC0HC5OC0HHl>Cia5Q0(N00t^a500 00Nt^GO^O'^CO»Oa>iOH OO^XH^a5^NOOO(N^CO^COaiiOTti0C0(MC^H OJ rH rH rH rH 02 3 a 0) pH H'OOOH < »OC£aiC5H?OCO(NC5HCOONa5COiC'^OOCD(NOCO'^ OlOOOOiOCOOOOOOJiO^iCCOiOCOiOHCOiOHCO'^rHrH thH(NCOCOOOODCOHCOhOOO^iCCOCOHH rH rH rH rH rH a> r—< o3 k*-H Ci^t^H^OCOasOH'GOiN^^CiOOiOOOiOCCaiNHOCOCO OOOiO(NHlOXOO^iOH a> ^ r"« r% ^ rH 04 CO 02 f-i aj O 02 >. CS ^ p o tH co CO CO rH CO © to CO to o o 05 of iO CO rji CO o 05 CO GO iC o lO CO I> to 05 TJ1 05 CO lO CO CO o cT CO 02 02 02 * 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 a2 02 02 02 02a?020202 c3 a; ^ '<3c2£;<£c2cScc:cic3c3cj:c3aia3cSc3 <12 02 0> , Q2<12<12!l2Q2 , 12<12d2<12<12 < 12<12<12<12 ( 12 ' r^< rH* kHi rN r^< r*» k*“« k** r*’* £*■» r*’* r^» k* - * & t> ■H< 05 2-fO5-t*l>COaOCiOarH>—> O a> rC Eh Table IX.— Age, race, nativity, and sex —Continued. CITY OF HABANA. 214 REPORT OX THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Female. HOI>00N’^Tt^J'COr-!l^5£lC'J'COC4C<5 rH pi N Eh CO COOOCJCiiC'-'XClCiO'^XHiCiCrHiOiCCOCOOOOOMNCl COl^I^cOC^rCiCir^ClCOI^Csi^CCr'Cl'^Csi^I^OOCl rH d COCOdddOiC^ClrHXXiC^Clr-T -1 l> a HrHHHH rH G rH G (L -«—< • r—< A3 CO'fHOOiOOdONTddOiCOdCCJXvCNCOCJiCH CO o > • H^Ct^l^dl 0 Or-C 0 l 602 I^ddrHNOUlCCrOCT-. 05 CO^COXdlOrHClXOOHCOCJ^dH rH d d r-r— r— lCl>lC^? , TrCHCHl—1 r—i _b£ G Sh O £ ^OdOCJiO^D^^iOCOCOOCO^ONNHdHlCNCCaidCOdCO rn ^lO^COCOCOiOCiClCXt^PDOCiOCiLCt^COCOrHrHCCr- o rHr-rtT-COCOCONOiOOCOai^OO««^^HrHaJCCn 05 d OC2d^lCHC5^rHlCCCI^OOXHOOCOHC^d lO d rH nHH 00 t'* nr CO rH lO lO ^ ^ C4 04 rH rH rH of G PC G fL • rHHXt^OCCdOOOOnOCH^CJCJOl^XOCOClOCHHHd o • NlCOiCSX rHOCOI^CO^-rOdWI^XClrHXd rr G OCJHCCTTd'TI^iOHCOCJOdCOCOdL^CCOd 05 G d of > lO d rHOiOXt^dOCOI^dd^XCOOOX^iCdCJOI^NCOC^M 04 • ^odiCioaJcod^''fiOooNcoiOr-'dOH^dOd’^n CO d HaOT«OMCOiO ;ooooi>oio ' g * >■. >. >. t». >• >. >•. >. >•. >-. >. >-. >. >• >. >. >. >-. J- > ' ■ aj 3j 03 >,h« i** ®» iroj-ro^-rorai-rcs-r^fai-ro j; o £■ u Im I- S- Vi nn s ■M M CO M T -T .r, Lfl C Cl- I' X K CT> <£ — ■nSSSS^QQpgoooooooeoopooppQ^ _ 'V£ r.,..,r— 0l/ . K o„ 1 CQiOOiCQiCO l J:OC!Qif:p l CC.“ -iMP3r*iCnnr(NMMK«TTi?.i.'; CCl-l'Z/SOl’-- (■) (<) _ v—' W W * WWWWWWWWWWW'w'wW G >. >• g. w . AGE, RACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX. T3 -i H 0) 4-> •»-H & * 0> > •»—I 4-> d £ w « X o> 03 03 d 03 r—\ d a a> o H Female. HC'l^'tC30X’fr-iooi^aiC3coiO r-i HHr-U>.t>'TliCOHTjiOiO^COCOCOr—in X) r- co CJOOXXOiClDXHOCMXClCOOaiCOOiOHO^t^CMCliOH CM • OfaiHMCsio^asHasi^tNcoot^r-^t^ioxcoHC^ ?—» f-H 03 ri Hn^Ot>COHHCMCOCOCMCMHCMHr-i o o d id r—i C o oA'fiNt'010(»OI'ffitO»Xt'iftO!CrHiCM'M>fcOO)J>t' l '1 l 05 * TfHO^COTfiOXrHXXCOCOCOCOG3(NCOClI^iOiOl^rH(N 05 a3 HHCM(NCM^»Ol>*iOCMI>OXl^CO^iOCOCOHri I> o H r—1 i-H rH i-H i-H CC05^XCOHOCM • • • • 05 HWC^CMHl'-OiOJL^l^CODCOXCO^Hri • • • • TT1 d d • • • • • » • • 05 » 03 t • • • 03 &H • • * • .a COiOTfCSiOiO^XXTfOiOOXOCO^XH^XCMHCMH • • • lO • CM CM TJ1 C£> lO 05 CM CM 05 CO 00 co CM CO CO CM r-t • • • 05 03 CM CO CO CO CM CM H H r-1 • • • CO a d CM to 3 «•! • • i 0) *'* §ii S-H • • • O 0^OCOOCO^XXCO^O5HHXCMiOOiOCMt}^iOa5^0C«O^^OiOCOHCOiCCOCI^iOM'N HOOOHiCOH’f'OOH’fOW^MC'fCnh^n HHHWC^lO^Oi^COOHX^lC^W^HH OSCOCOCOlNQONM^OOMMiCHai^rfOOOMiC^ OOD^OOMCDOW05^M05?DaOHiOHOWH HHHNC^iOiO^^H^NiOiOCOCCC^Hri CM OC0H(Nt > *NaiNH(NO05a5i0iC05I^rHC0iCi0D*00iC^C^ ^loo^coco^^aiO'foaiO’TC'i^ajDDOiOri CJ^CO^iCO'NOO»OI>XCOMa5Ni^CO^Hn CO CO T—Irl r-H r«H i-H i-H CM l> CM iO'^’005r^C0O5r-iCM00TtI>Oi0CMC0050CC000OC0rHCMC005O»-H05rHC00505iOCMiOCM CO 03 WiO®t'THio-rai*(OOt''riOiO^HXXOMiOM ri Cl rHTHCMCO^CMCOOcDCOCO^CMr-(05I>COTtiCOCMrH 05 d CM CM rH HHrln CO r—i rH rH -f Oi X O lO -f CJ ^ O C Cl CJ CJ CO Cl rH i> C W D h M Cl D 05 X 1C Ci i> D CO 1C M X lO O lO ’f Tp ri M CO n COCO»Cl > «COiOX’r'OXOOCOO , T’aiiOCOa^CO'^^r-n ’-*< ^ CM 1-1 CM CO CM CM r-H h-^rH 05 i-H CM oT co 05 O CM t > » co CO CO Si d o K"i t_ Si X 03 03 Si d ; 03 ' -Si 33 c3 33 33 35 tJ - ' - ‘ a a> a> a> a> © z, £s c-% v. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X s- i . H Si Ji — Si Si Si Si s- i d d • CS 5! d d C3 d d d d d d d d d 03 03 • a> cj 03 03 03 03 , I'') X •—• >■. >. , >•. >* i>. >. , 05 05 -Hi 05 -H 05 -r O- -H 05 -fi 05 O’ 05 rH i"” 1 X CM CM 70 co -T* -r •O ‘O CO CO JO X O o 03 o o o o c o o o 0 o o o —' w <—* *—' *—• •i -n »o 30 o -1 »c o •o O UO o lO o lO o lO o •r i-H r-H 04 CM CM co CO *r -Hi *o lO o CO 'JO X « ej 3 > * i O ; 5 \id > a •—» s 03 .c H 215 216 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP CUBA, 1899. 0) 3 3 • H a o Q I 4 CO 'e s 8 ‘S •4 a O o "5 -j % n^C50^^^CMX^OWC5l0^lCr-OLC^TfXCOH«CO C r iC 1^ J5 M M r. 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H D Ph o o 15 g H a 'd ro o & d JS cj a M u'lHCCXin^CIXN-C-XXC’fM'wl'Cst'MilCOX'C I'MOOMnfXiC-XMM.'trHXOOXCOXi.';- CJdMMOCK-CCOXOHOCS-'-O'Vr-r- --X'rOT'#'#CiCiHf)iOv r. i' ci x o c o x o o - lc o m t' o r r-lriNCJMI't'0lCWXC!055Xai' UO^XN^MiffSH' ixiooajxxci- • CO ICO r— —1 — O' — O 03 0! LO Ol CD -r CON DCI-CI'iC COX t' CO -r T. ~ 1.0 CO CO C w h x r- >c - -r r. - m o t o i' o M * 3! cue r o — Cl ri Cl Cl M I' lO w X M C C 1^ C O Cl Cl - ’I o H OOOrtCOCC'.XOXI'OOWOCIHXCIOOOCl'tTfO" 03 CO -r CD >—■ Ol —' iO T Ol CO CO T — i.D t'- i.O 01 iO CO CO CO CO r- CO 03 O C ’O O Cl O V. O OOOO^OOww*OC<’ >. >•# >1 >. >. >. >1 >. >. >1 >. >. -r05-r05-r05- , r0}' o 35 W rH rHrHrHCOI>I> , 'TO4CO00CCr^lO , '7l''CH'NC'lHr- -r • • 1 co s 1 • • 0) 6 &H • • • -*-» •H (N(N(NHt^OCOCOOa50aiCOiOOCCOOONC5^COH*H • • • rH lO > • rH rH rH H’Tf'HHHI^NMI^COC^OOOlClNr-. • • • 05 rH 04 ^ CO CO 04 rH • • • l> £ c5 « t i of _tc • • t « • • 0) * • • Jh • • * o t^C^GOCrHCiCOCCCCCOOM' p fNw'-CCXCi(NiOOCOCC O CO H d^OOCOX(NCiOOOCClHOOO(NC^HOa5COHCO • • • CO OiOHCO^HXWHOJiOiCXHDOOHOlXDXCOriH • • • lO <3 rH HHHCiHwHHiOO^CCrfXXrHH • • • iO a rH rH • • » 20 V f=H * • * 0) • • • XOOJCOiCClCJHNOOXHO^O'HiCCiX'HXOM • rH • rH 04 • 0>t'Ot0M00)i-<0)!Cr(f®'1'C0O0)T-'(0(NMT- o £ I> a rH rH • • £ iCC^XXXOnONXCDiOiO^NClCOn?0(NHcooo5iccoo404 rH a 04 CO rH rH r-r t—'H r 1 rl ri CO a> 04 fa XNX'HXHClCiHai-iNXrHC4LOrf*C004HH 05 04 04 th HHHH-1 05 o rH r—( '—i HOC'iiftfOXXMeoft- — fxr. r-iOMSioxHMciciCcc O H h C r- X 1^ Cl H Cl Cl X O O C4 X O Ci O N X H Cl Ci X Cl 05 lOCO^r^ I- cc OOOOl'O^XiCXI^aJOCOXn o +3 iC CO CO 04 H of CO CO CO (N rH tH ccT o T H o rh £ < cc fa O t* Eh »—i O o 'r't ■Scifid2;«Sc!c!cJcicJcic!!i • ■ ' 5 ) 1 ( 60000 ) 01 ) 11 ) 1 )^ 1)4100 • £ X k. r^. X r-. 1^* 1^. 1*% 5*-. J>. k*j CC • • ' n u si , , . (_ s_ ■ ■ 01 S B g . ■ t< o o o ,_, . . '. : ® . ‘mm w r^-co i_ -h cr. -ra>-rcri-HO''i--}-t-rc> s? o o £ is ^ ^ th i-t 0 jCNCNeoeo'^n'iCioioiot>t^ooooo>oo 35 a 'COoo§" J 0°0? J 00C000C00C00000C M >H ' COOtf oiooooHinoiooiooiooiiioiooicoioo5 ►-) H H M ’l' C n H TH OKI CKO K f T IT. IT. so !£ I't' X X O OJ ?1 ^ >> ■3 a> ,a H 218 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. Table X. — Birthplace. [Figures in italic are included in those lor the province or district.] / Province. Habana. City of Habana Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe .. Santa Clara. Santiago. Cuba. Total popu¬ lation. Cuba. Spain. Other countries. Unknown. 424,804 235, 981 202,444 173,064 88,234 356,536 327,715 349,122 178,670 178,524 160,450 82, 982 317, 243 311,941 61,487 46 ,855 14,127 10,254 3,595 28,398 11,379 14,107 10,456 9,793 2,360 1,657 10,895 4,395 88 1,572, 797 1 1,400,262 129,240 43,207 88 PROVINCE OF HABANA. District. Total popu¬ lation. Cuba. Spain. Other countries. Aguacate. 3,163 2,900 196 67 Alquizar. 8,746 7,849 797 100 Bainoa. 1,725 1,638 73 14 Batabano. 6,523 5,556 834 133 Bauta. 5,142 4,636 431 75 Bejucal . 5,756 5,313 372 71 Cano. 4, 210 3,784 372 54 Casiguas. 1,004 974 21 9 Catalina. 2,718 2,555 144 19 Ceiba del Agua. 2,197 2,021 159 17 Guanabacoa. 20,080 18, 400 1,277 403 City of Guanabacoa . 13,965 12, 700 909 356 Guara. 1,835 1,742 79 14 Guines. 11,394 10,388 807 198 Guira de Helena. 11,548 10,196 1,162 190 Habana . 242,055 183, 694 47,766 10,595 City of Habana . 235, 981 178,670 7,6,855 10,7,56 Isla de Pinos. 3,199 2,990 195 14 Jaruco. 4,076 3,843 205 28 Mad ruga. 3,744 3,472 228 44 Managua. 2,887 2,767 109 11 Marianao. 8,593 7,171 808 614 Melina del Sur. 3,207 3,024 118 65 Nueva Paz. 7,761 7,214 358 189 Pipian. 1,101 1,064 32 5 Quivican. 2,423 2,259 145 19 Regia. 11,363 9,526 1,439 398 Salud. 3,293 3,100 186 7 San Antonio de las Vegas. 1,855 1,794 54 7 San Antonio de los Banos. 12,631 11,366 1,145 120 San Felipe. 1,915 1,759 116 40 San Jose de las Lajas. 4' 154 3'867 179 108 San Nicolas. 4,568 A, 246 509 113 Santa Cruz del Norte. 2,965 2 ,752 132 81 Santa Maria del Rosario. 2. 730 2,544 103 83 Santiago de las Vegas. 10,276 8| 928 1,080 181 Tapaste. 1,551 1,479 60 12 Vereda Nueva. 2; 416 2; 311 96 9 The province. 424,804 349,122 61,487 14,107 Unknown. 87 88 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Alacranes . 8,110 7,181 471 458 Bolondron . 9,179 7,885 776 518 Cabezas. 5,184 4,803 284 97 Canasi. 1,993 1,820 80 93 Cardenas. 24,861 21,874 2,156 831 City of Cardenas . 21,97,0 19,263 1,929 743 Carlos Rojas. 3,174 2,797 171 206 Colon. 12,195 10,719 763 713 Cue vitas. 5,807 6,126 374 307 Guamacaro. 6,000 5,336 358 306 Jaguey Grande. 5,853 6,282 385 186 Jovellanos. 7,529 6,698 390 441 Macagua. 5,042 4,617 186 239 Macuriges. 10,405 9,174 689 542 Marti. 8,905 7,711 888 806 Matanzas. 45,282 10.026 3,906 1,350 City of Matanzas . 36,377, 32,107 3,061 1,206 BIRTHPLACE 219 Table X. — Birthplace —Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] District. Maximo Gomez. Mendez Capote. Palmillae. Perico. Roque. Sabanilla. San Jose de los Ramos Santa Ana. Union de Reyes. The province... Total popu¬ lation. Cuba. Spain. Other countries. Unknown. 4,046 8,657 132 257 2,158 1,931 124 103 7,647 6,616 406 625 4,449 3,754 244 451 4,464 3,847 223 394 5,205 4,510 391 304 6,765 5,836 595 334 2,965 2,639 248 78 5,226 4,685 387 154 202,444 178,524 14,127 9, 793 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Artemisa. 9,317 8,744 450 123 Bahia Honda. 2,117 2,012 60 45 Cabanas. 3,853 3,448 148 257 Candelaria. 4,866 4,623 217 26 Consolacion del Norte. 7,399 7,019 330 50 Consolacion del Sur. 16, 665 15,803 617 245 Guanajay. 8,796 8,008 602 186 Guane. 14,760 13,534 1,161 65 Guayabal. 2,710 2,438 236 36 Julian Diaz. 1,871 1,809 46 16 Los Palacios. 2,456 2,330 85 41 Mantua. 8,366 7,887 463 16 Mariel. 3,631 3,370 133 128 Pinar del Rio. 38, 343 35,148 2,515 680 City of Pinar del Rio . • 8,880 7,732 829 319 San Cristobal. 4,263 4,093 141 29 San Diego de los Banos. 2, 419 2,327 74 18 San Diego de Nunez. 1,137 1,032 45 60 San Juan y Martinez... 14,787 13,338 1,286 163 San Luis. 7,608 7,073 468 67 Vinales. 17, 700 16,414 1,177 109 The province. 173,064 160,450 10,254 2,360 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Ciego de Avila. Moron. Nue vitas. Puerto Principe. City of Puerto Principe Santa Cruz del Sur. The province. 9,801 9,630 10,355 53,140 25,102 5,308 9,462 9,422 8,925 60,202 23,51,1 4,971 271 68 187 21 902 528 1,953 1,137 985 l*2U '282 55 88,234 82,982 3,595 1,657 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA, Abreus. Caibarien. Calahazar . Camajuani. Cartagena. Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos . City of Cienfuegos . Cifuentes... Cruces. Esperanza. Palmira. Placetas . Quemado de Guinea. Rancho Veloz. Ranchuelo. Rodas. Sagua la Grande. City of Sagua la Grande. San Antonio de las Vueltas Sancti Spiritus. City of Sancti Spiritus... San Diego del Vulle. 3,995 3,381 382 232 8,650 7,411 1,017 222 13,419 11,817 990 612 14,495 • 10,822 3,167 506 6,244 5,631 502 111 6,954 6,465 203 286 59,128 51,119 5,914 2,095 30,038 26,028 3,155 855 3,825 3,585 162 78 7,953 6,802 686 465 7,811 7,470 249 92 6,527 5,707 543 277 11,961 10,280 1,361 320 8,890 8,011 492 387 7,532 6,733 453 346 5,059 4,710 230 119 9,562 8, 404 792 366 21,342 18,498 1,941 903 12, 728 11, 185 1,068 4 75 12,832 10,775 1,853 204 25, 709 24,625 603 481 12,696 12, 170 3U9 177 5,369 5,067 209 93 220 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table X.— Birthplace —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] District. Total popu¬ lation. Cuba. Spain. Other countries. Unknown. San Fernando. 6,445 5,600 14,833 28,437 13,763 9,603 10,372 24,271 11,120 9, 718 5,754 5,380 12,972 26,094 12,68k 8,724 9, 630 23,236 10,755 8,140 585 188 1,378 1,762 728 555 419 480 201, 1,282 106 32 483 581 351 324 323 555 161 296 San Juan de las Yeras. San Juan de los Remedios. Santa Clara... City of Santa Clara . Santa isabel de las Lajas. Santo Domingo. Trinidad. City of Trinidad . Yaguajav. The province. 356,536 317,243 * 28,398 10,895 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Alto Songo. Baracoa . Bayamo. Campechuela. Caney . Cobre.. Cristo. Gibara.*. Guantanamo. Holguin. Jiguani. Manzanillo. City of Manzanillo . Mayan.. Niquero. Palma Soriano. Puerto Padre. Sagua de Tanamo. San Luis. Santiago de Cuba. City of Santiago de Cuba The province. 12,770 12,487 191 92 21,944 21,291 565 88 21,193 20,941 195 57 7,369 7,015 295 59 9,126 7,300 1,544 282 10,707 10, 354 198 125 1,194 1,106 64 24 31,594 29,912 1,381 301 28,063 25,802 1,602 659 34,506 33,746 627 133 10,495 10,425 60 10 32,288 30,904 1,036 348 14,464 13, kSO 780 25k 8,504 8,363 109 32 2,718 2,649 56 13 12,305 12,156 122 27 19, 984 5,796 19,651 5, 708 254 79 78 10 11,681 11,134 437 110 45,478 40,967 2,565 1,946 4 3, 090 38,607 2,55k 1,929 327,715 311,941 11,379 4,395 Table XI.— Birthplace, sex, and race. CUBA. Countries of Both classes. White. Colored. birth. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Cuba. 1,400,262 675,514 724,748 910,244 447,345 462,899 490,018 228,169 261,849 Porto Rico. 1,108 519 589 789 391 398 319 128 191 West Indies. 1,712 926 786 669 302 367 1,043 624 419 South America ... 752 409 343 694 380 314 58 29 29 Central America . 108 56 52 95 48 47 13 8 5 Mexico. 1,108 417 691 992 369 323 116 48 f>8 United States. 6,444 4,504 1,940 5,645 3,935 1,710 799 569 230 Canada. 56 33 23 42 22 20 14 11 3 Spain. 129,240 107,418 21,822 129,100 107,329 21,771 140 89 51 England. 588 389 199 424 279 145 16-1 110 54 Ireland. 37 23 14 37 23 14 Scotland. 41 32 9 41 32 9 Germany. 284 229 55 284 229 55 France *. 1,279 853 426 1,256 840 416 23 13 10 Italy. 501 390 111 499 389 110 2 1 1 Portugal. 114 90 24 90 76 14 24 14 10 Scandinavia. 64 46 18 55 43 12 9 3 G Other Europe. 6.50 426 224 637 419 218 13 7 6 Africa. 12,9.53 7,658 5,295 56 45 11 12,897 7,613 5,284 Australia. 9 7 2 6 5 1 3 2 1 China. 14,863 14,814 49 249 249 14,614 14,565 49 Japan . 8 7 1 4 3 1 4 4 Other countries .. 628 403 125 434 332 102 94 71 23 Unknown . 88 42 46 55 28 27 33 14 19 Cuba. 1,572,797 815,205 757,592 1,052,397 563,113 489,284 520,400 252,092 268,308 BIRTHPLACE, SEX, AND RACE. Table XI.— Birthplace, sex, and race —Continued. 221 PROVINCE OF HABANA. Countries of Both classes. White. Colored. birth. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Cuba. 349,122 162,664 186,458 243,564 116,810 126,754 105,558 45,854 59,701 Porto Rico. 615 242 373 459 195 264 156 47 109 West Indies. 283 121 162 217 84 133 66 37 29 South America ... 457 228 229 434 217 217 23 11 12 Central America . 33 19 14 30 17 13 3 2 1 Mexico. 846 297 549 768 268 500 78 29 49 United States. 4,178 2,752 1,426 3,638 2,387 1,251 540 365 175 Canada. 24 13 11 20 10 10 4 3 1 Spain. 61,487 49,704 11,783 61,426 49,671 11,755 61 33 28 England. 272 169 103 216 128 88 56 41 15 Ireland 18 8 10 18 8 10 Scotland_ _. 24 18 6 24 18 6 Germany_ 190 153 37 190 153 37 France .”. 642 355 287 638 352 286 4 3 1 Italy.. 334 243 91 333 243 90 1 1 Portugal. 45 38 7 38 32 6 7 6 1 Seandina.vin,. 35 22 13 32 22 10 3 3 Other Europe. 243 158 85 241 157 84 2 1 1 Africa. 1,799 769 1,030 15 11 4 1,784 758 1,026 Australia. 6 5 1 5 4 1 1 1 China. 3,848 3,810 38 52 52 3,7% 3,758 38 Japan 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Other countries... 213 159 54 176 133 43 37 26 11 Unknown . 88 42 46 55 28 27 33 14 19 The province. 424,804 221,990 202,814 312,590 171,000 141,590 112,214 50,990 61,224 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Cuba. Porto Rico. West Indies. South America ... Central America . Mexico. United States. Canada. Spain. England .. Ireland. Scotland. Germany. France . Italy. Portugal. Scandinavia. Other Europe. Africa. Australia. China. Japan . Other countries .. Unknown . The province. 178,524 85,121 93,403 102,682 50,324 52,358 75,842 34, 797 41,045 71 33 38 48 25 23 23 8 15 22 7 15 20 6 14 2 1 1 60 40 20 57 37 20 3 3 5 1 4 4 4 1 1 70 20 50 59 16 43 11 4 7 539 395 144 506 372 134 33 23 10 14 8 6 11 6 5 3 2 1 14,127 11,070 3,057 14,116 11,065 3,051 11 5 6 37 23 14 36 23 13 1 1 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 3 2 i 17 11 6 17 11 6 133 95 38 133 95 38 34 29 5 34 29 5 13 10 3 8 7 1 5 3 2 56 39 17 55 39 16 1 1 4,393 2,511 1,882 3 2 1 4,390 2,509 1,881 4,249 4,246 3 64 64 4,185 4,182 3 3 3 3 3 70 58 12 54 44 10 16 14 2 202,444 103,726 98,718 117,917 62,174 55,743 84,527 41,552 42,975 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Cuba. Porto Rico. West Indies. South America... Central America . Mexico. 160,450 25 9 20 1 28 118 3 10,2.54 5 5 80,727 17 5 15 1 11 91 2 9,098 4 3 79,723 8 4 5 114,907 21 5 20 1 24 112 2 10,247 5 5 58,573 14 2 15 1 7 86 1 9,092 4 3 56,334 7 3 5 45,643 4 4 22,154 3 3 23,389 1 1 17 27 1 1,156 1 2 17 26 1 1,155 1 2 4 6 1 7 4 5 1 6 United States. Canada. 1 Spain. England. 1 Ireland. Scotland. Germany. 3 3 3 3 France . 81 72 9 80 71 9 1 1 Italy . 29 26 3 29 26 3 Portugal. 2 2 2 2 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XI. — Birthplace, sex, and race — Continued. 222 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. Countries of Both classes. White. Colored. birth. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Scandinavia. 2 2 2 2 Other Europe_ Africa. 120 81 39 120 81 39 1,319 945 374 17 17 1,302 928 374 Australia. China. 576 573 3 12 12 564 561 3 Japan. Other countries... Unknown . 14 10 4 11 8 3 3 2 1 The province. 173,064 91,688 81,376 125,625 68,020 57,605 47,439 23,668 23,771 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Cuba. 82,982 40,370 42,612 66,349 32,575 33,774 16,633 7,795 8,838 Porto Rico. 24 16 8 20 12 8 4 4 West Indies. 117 75 42 65 35 30 52 40 12 South America ... 23 14 9 21 12 9 2 2 Central America.. 7 3 4 7 3 4 Mexico. 17 9 8 16 9 7 1 1 United States. 248 204 44 237 194 43 11 10 1 Canada. 2 2 2 2 Spain. 3,595 3,176 419 3,592 3,173 419 3 3 England. 25 16 9 17 10 7 8 6 2 Ireland. 2 2 2 2 Scotland.. 4 4 4 4 Germany. 7 5 2 7 5 2 France . 30 24 6 29 23 6 1 1 Tta.ly 4 4 4 4 Portugal 4 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 Scandinavia. Other Europe_ 7 7 6 6 1 1 Africa. .. 674 511 163 1 1 673 510 163 Australia. China. . 451 449 2 451 449 2 Japan . 1 1 1 1 Other countries... 10 7 3 7 5 2 3 2 1 Unknown . The province. 88,234 44,899 43,335 70,387 36,074 34,313 17,847 8,825 9,022 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Cuba. 317,243 155,876 161,367 214,945 106, 771 108,174 102,298 49,105 53,193 Porto Rico. 107 60 47 82 49 33 25 11 14 West Indies. 53 34 19 26 15 11 27 19 8 South America ... 65 39 26 58 36 22 7 3 4 Central Ameriea. 4 3 1 4 3 1 Mexico. 98 53 45 83 46 37 15 7 8 United States. 529 380 149 612 371 141 17 9 8 Canada. 9 6 3 5 3 2 4 3 1 Spain. 28,398 24,299 4,099 28,366 24,275 4,091 32 24 8 England 52 36 16 48 32 16 4 4 T ml and 3 1 2 3 1 2 Sent land 5 3 2 5 3 2 flerman v 25 19 6 25 19 6 Fra nee 148 117 31 148 117 31 Italy 58 50 8 58 50 8 Portugal. 25 21 4 20 19 1 5 2 3 Seandina via 9 8 1 8 8 1 1 Other Europe. 172 103 69 170 102 68 2 1 1 Africa. 4,178 2,607 1,571 19 14 5 4,159 2,593 1,566 A nstralia.._ 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 China. 5,263 5,263 111 111 5,152 5,152 J a na n 1 1 1 1 Other countries .. 88 76 12 71 61 10 17 15 2 Unknown The province. 356,536 189,057 167,479 244,768 132,107 112,661 111,768 56,950 54,818 223 BIRTHPLACE, SEX, AND RACE. Table XI.— Birthplace, sex, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Countries of birth. Both classes. White. Colored. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Cuba. 311,941 150,756 161,185 167,797 82,292 85,505 144,144 68,464 75,680 Porto Rico. 266 151 115 159 96 63 107 - 55 52 West Indies. 1,228 684 544 336 160 176 892 524 368 South America ... 127 73 54 104 63 41 23 10 13 Central America.. 68 29 29 49 24 25 9 5 4 Mexico. 49 27 22 42 23 19 7 4 3 United States. 832 682 150 640 525 115 192 157 35 Canada. 4 4 2 2 2 2 Spain. 11,379 10,071 1,308 11,353 10,053 1,300 26 18 8 England. 197 141 56 102 82 20 95 59 36 Ireland. 5 5 5 5 Scotland. 5 5 5 5 Germany. 42 38 4 42 38 4 France. 245 190 55 228 182 46 17 8 9 Italy. 42 38 4 41 37 4 1 1 Portugal. 25 17 8 21 15 6 4 2 2 Scandinavia. 18 14 4 13 11 2 5 3 2 Other Europe .... 52 38 14 45 34 11 7 4 3 Africa. 590 315 275 1 1 589 315 274 Australia. China. 476 473 3 10 10 466 463 3 Japan . 1 1 1 1 Other countries .. 133 93 40 115 81 34 18 12 6 Unknown . The province. 327,715 163,845 163,870 181,110 93, 738 87,372 146,605 70,107 76,498 CITY OF CIENFUEGOS. Cuba. 26,028 11,274 14, 754 15,735 7,045 8, 690 10,293 4,229 6,064 Porto Rico. 23 10 13 17 9 8 6 1 5 West Indies. 33 19 14 17 10 7 16 9 7 South America... 18 10 8 15 10 5 3 3 Central America.. 2 1 1 2 1 1 Mexico. 19 8 11 17 8 9 2 2 United States. 120 76 44 115 75 40 5 1 4 Canada. 1 1 1 1 Spain. 3,155 2, 695 460 3,153 2,695 458 2 2 England. 13 9 4 10 6 4 3 3 Ireland. 1 1 1 1 Scotland. 2 1 1 2 1 1 Germany. 8 5 3 8 5 3 France . 39 18 21 39 18 21 Italy. 12 10 2 12 10 2 Portugal. 6 5 1 5 5 1 1 Scandinavia. 4 4 4 4 Other Europe .... 41 19 22 40 19 21 1 1 Africa. 148 62 86 4 3 1 144 59 85 Australia. China. 342 342 1 1 341 341 Japan. Other countries .. 23 20 3 22 19 3 1 1 Unknown . The city.... 30,038 14, 589 15,449 19, 220 9,945 9,275 10,818 4,644 6,174 CITY OF HABANA. Cuba. 178,670 7K, 646 100,024 115,532 52,940 62,592 63,138 25,706 37,432 Porto Rico. 509 193 316 365 152 213 144 41 103 West Indies. 255 109 146 202 80 122 53 29 24 South America ... 366 174 192 350 169 181 16 5 11 Central America.. 18 11 7 15 9 6 3 2 1 Mexico. 707 242 465 640 220 420 67 22 45 United States. 3,368 2,193 1,175 2,929 1,900 1,029 439 293 146 Canada. 20 13 7 17 10 7 3 3 Spain. 46,855 37,668 9,187 46,810 37,645 9,165 45 23 22 England. 233 140 93 194 114 80 39 26 13 Ireland. 15 5 10 15 5 10 Scotland. 21 16 5 21 16 5 Germany. 166 137 29 166 137 29 France.'. 569 306 263 565 303 262 4 3 1 Italy . 278 200 78 277 200 77 1 1 Portugal. 29 24 5 26 22 4 3 2 1 Scandinavia. 31 19 12 28 19 9 3 a 224 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XI. — Birthplace , sex , and race — Continued. CITY OF HABANA—Continued. Countries of Both classes. White. Colored. birth. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Other Europe.... 142 91 51 140 90 50 2 1 1 Africa.t_ 843 259 584 7 4 3 836 255 581 Australia. 4 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 China. 2,751 2,720 31 17 17 2,734 2 703 31 Japan . 2 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 Other countries.. 129 88 41 113 76 37 16 12 4 Unknown . The city.... 235,981 123,258 112,723 168,433 94,130 74,303 67,548 29,128 38,420 CITY OF MATANZAS. Cuba. 32,107 13, 768 18,339 20,931 9,219 11,712 11,176 4,549 6,627 Porto Rico. 26 11 15 19 9 10 7 2 5 West Indies. 15 4 11 15 4 11 South America ... / 3 4 7 3 4 Central America.. 2 2 2 2 Mexico. 32 5 27 29 5 24 3 3 United States. 118 309 109 395 295 100 23 14 9 Canada. 3 1 2 3 1 2 Spain. 3,061 2,303 758 3,058 2,303 755 3 3 England. 21 14 7 21 14 7 Ireland. 1 1 1 1 Scotland. 3 2 1 3 2 i Germany. 9 5 4 9 5 4 France . 39 23 16 39 23 16 Italy. 11 7 4 11 7 4 Portugal. 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Scandinavia. Other Europe. 17 13 4 17 13 4 Africa. 244 105 139 244 105 139 Australia. China. 342 342 3-12 342 Japan. 3 3 3 3 Other countries .. 11 6 5 11 6 5 Unknown . The city.... 36,374 16,926 19,448 24,575 11,914 12,661 11,799 5,012 6,787 CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Cuba . 23, Ml 12 9,636 10 13,905 2 16,505 10 6,764 8 9,741 7,036 2,872 2 4,161 Porto Rico . 2 2 West Indies . 44 21 23 38 20 18 6 1 5 South America ... 9 5 4 9 5 4 Central America.. 5 3 2 5 3 2 Mexico. 10 5 5 10 5 5 United States. 51 30 21 50 30 20 1 . 1 Canada . Spain . 1,137 997 140 1.115 12 995 140 2 2 England . 13 6 7 6 6 1 1 Ireland . Scotland . _ _- _ Germany .. 3 3 3 3 France . 6 5 i 5 4 1 1 1 Ttaly _ 0 2 2 2 Portugal . 2 2 1 1 1 1 Scandinavia . Other Europe. A frioa . 190 112 78 1 1 189 111 78 Australia . Ghina . _ . 75 74 1 75 74 1 .1 a nn n . Other countries .. Unknown . 2 1 1 2 1 1 The city.... ‘25,102 10,912 14,190 17,788 7,848 9,940 7,314 3,064 4,250 CITIZENSHIP. 225 Table XI. — Birthplace, sex, and race — Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO. Countries of Both classes. White. Colored. birth. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Cuba. 38,607 16,502 22,105 15,258 6,702 8,556 23,349 9,800 13,549 Porto Rico. 125 67 58 74 39 35 51 28 23 West Indies. 805 409 396 204 92 112 601 317 284 South America ... 55 27 28 40 21 19 15 6 9 Central America.. 38 18 20 35 17 18 3 1 2 Mexico. 28 15 13 27 14 13 1 1 United States. 366 308 58 276 226 50 90 82 8 Canada . 1 1 1 1 Spain . 2,554 2,225 329 2,549 2,220 329 5 5 England. 118 74 44 48 33 15 70 41 29 Ireland. 3 3 3 3 Scotland. 3 3 3 3 Germany. 23 21 2 • 23 21 2 France . 52 31 21 42 28 14 10 3 7 Italy. 12 9 3 12 9 3 Portugal. 7 2 5 4 1 3 o o 1 2 Scandinavia. 8 4 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 Other Europe. 24 22 2 20 19 i 4 3 1 Africa. 71 23 48 1 i 70 23 47 Australia. China. 106 106 106 106 Japan . Other countries... 84 52 32 74 46 28 10 6 4 Unknown . The city.... 43,090 19,922 23,168 18,698 9,497 9,201 24,392 10,425 13, 967 Table XII. — Citizenship. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] Province. Total. Cuban. Spanish. In sus¬ pense. Other citizen¬ ship. Un¬ known. Habana. 424,804 235,981 202,444 173, 064 88,234 356,536 327, 715 309.533 8,937 7,713 89,255 6h, 126 16,908 12 ,545 23,464 3,072 2,225 27,541 6,315 171 City of Habana . 151,553 44 314 Matanzas. 162, 901 147, 974 77, 073 2; 483 1,683 13; 282 20, 308 Pinar del Rio. 27 Puerto Principe. 1,543 3,464 2,368 7; 355 26,920 18,691 38 Santa Clara. 298|581 300,305 30 Santiago. 36 Cuba. 1,572, 797 1,296,367 20,478 175,811 79,525 616 PROVINCE OF HABANA. District. Total. Cuban. Spanish. In sus¬ pense. Other citizen¬ ship. Un¬ known. Aguacate. 3,163 2,710 32 356 64 1 Alcjuizar. 8,746 7,489 13 1,136 107 1 Bainoa. 1,725 1,554 149 22 Batabano. 6^23 4,930 114 1,324 154 1 Bauta. 5,142 4,265 9 780 87 1 Bejucal. 5,756 4,913 159 611 70 3 Cano. 4,210 3,482 1 670 57 Casiguas. 1,004 951 8 36 9 Catalina. 2, 718 2,409 30 260 19 Ceiba del Agua. 2,197 1,872 302 22 i Guanabacoa . 20', 080 17,064 46 2,371 595 4 City of Guanabacoa . 13,965 11,797 36 1,598 530 4 Guara. 1,835 1,656 16 147 14 2 Giiines. 11,394 9,697 93 1,364 239 1 Guira de Melena. 11,548 9,566 120 1,674 185 3 Habana. 242, 055 156,102 7,819 65,389 12,696 50 City of Habana . 235,981 151,553 7,713 6k, 126 12,5k5 44 Isla de Pinos. 3,199 2,818 32 334 15 Jaruco. 4,076 3,583 4 460 29 Mad ruga.. 3,744 3,204 30 448 62 Managua. 2,887 2,624 6 247 10 Marialnao. 8,593 6j 454 36 1,409 693 i 24662 - -15 226 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XII. — Citizenshi)> — Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. District. Helena del Sur. Nueva Paz. Pipian. Quivican. Regia. Salud. San Antonio de las Vegas San Antonio de los Banos San Felipe. San Jose de las Lajas .... San Nicolas. Santa Cruz del Norte_ Santa Maria del Rosario. Santiago de las Vegas.... Tapaste. Vereda Nueva. The province. Alacranes. Bolondron. Cabezas. Canasi. Cardenas. City of Cardenas ... Carlos Rojas. Colon. Cuevitas. Guamacaro. Jagiiey Grande. Jovellanos. Macagua. Macuriges. Marti. Matanzas. City of Matanzas... Maximo Gomez. Mendez Capote. Palmillas. Perico. Roque. Sabanilla. San Jose de los Ramos Santa Ana. Union de Reyes. The province ... Total. Cuban. Spanish. In sus¬ pense. Other citizen¬ ship. Un¬ known. 3,207 2,885 25 216 80 1 7,761 6,913 58 593 190 7 1,101 1,020 75 6 2,423 2,117 14 274 18 11,363 8,065 57 2,645 595 1 3,293 2,896 3 390 4 1,855 1,666 3 171 15 12,631 10,568 96 1,778 187 2 1,915 1,591 280 44 4,154 3, 670 26 335 123 4,568 4,069 19 364 116 2,965 2,669 216 80 2; 730 2,450 8 190 82 10,276 7,992 56 1,945 192 91 1,551 1,408 4 120 19 2,416 2,211 196 9 424,804 309,533 8,937 89,255 16,908 171 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. 8,110 6,847 43 417 803 9,179 7,272 67 454 1,386 5,184 4,403 12 166 603 1,993 1,718 1 43 231 24,861 19,212 739 2,457 2,451 2 21,9 40 16,790 732 2,327 2,090 1 3,174 2,580 25 156 413 12,195 9,893 195 792 1,315 5,807 4,728 41 286 752 6, 000 4,817 21 328 833 1 6,853 4,899 47 307 600 7,529 6,319 163 377 670 5,042 4,304 26 342 369 1 10,405 8,540 33 527 1,304 1 8,905 7,380 22 441 1,061 1 45,282 35,046 497 4,155 5,277 307 36, 574 28,20k 4 90 3,830 3, 544 306 4,046 3,495 29 161 361 2,158 1,809 11 54 284 7,647 6,205 38 437 967 4,449 3,584 9 274 582 4,464 3, 703 11 135 615 6,205 4,041 12 206 946 6,765 5,460 410 321 573 1 2,965 2,341 2 124 498 5,226 4,305 29 322 570 202,444 162,901 2,483 13,282 23,464 314 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Artemisa. Bahia Honda. Cabanas. Candelaria. Consolacion del Norte .. Consolacion del Sur. Guanajay. Guane. Guayabal. Julian Diaz. Los Palacios. Mantua. Marie!. Pinar del Rio. City of Pinar del Rio San Cristobal. San Diego de los Bafios. San Diego de Nufiez .... San Juan y Martinez.... Sun Luis. Vinales. 9,317 8,346 17 805 147 2 2,117 1,953 110 47 7 3,853 3,393 4 196 260 4,866 4,392 37 407 30 7,399 6,360 191 756 89 3 16,665 14,704 36 1,489 435 1 8, 796 7,268 97 1,195 234 2 14,760 12,478 43 2,148 91 2,710 2,221 2 453 34 1,871 1,758 93 20 2,4.56 2,261 18 130 47 8,366 7,326 31 992 17 3,631 3,211 70 206 143 i 38,343 31,807 541 5,034 956 5 8,880 6,844 lk2 1,471 4 18 5 4,263 3,947 57 224 35 2,419 2,232 20 139 'll 1 1,137 998 3 76 60 14,787 12,085 173 2,332 192 5 7,608 6,349 129 1,038 92 17,700 14,885 214 2,485 116 173,064 147,974 1,683 20,308 3,072 27 The province CITIZENSHIP 227 Table XII .— Citizenship —Continued. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. District. Total. Cuban. Spanish. In sus¬ pense. Other citizen¬ ship. Un¬ known. Ciego de Avila. 9,801 8,720 93 885 100 3 Moron. 9,630 8,963 277 356 33 1 Nuevitas. 10,355 7,971 295 1,489 600 Puerto Principe. 53;140 46,756 799 4', 121 1,431 33 City of Puerto Principe . 25, 102 21, 453 m 2,554 686 1 Santa Cruz del Sur. 5,308 4,663 79 504 61 1 The province. 88,234 77,073 1,543 7,355 2,225 38 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Abreus. Caibarien. Calabazar. Camajuani. Cartagena. Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos. City of Cienfuegos . Cifuentes. Cruces . Esperanza. Palmira. Placetas . Quemado de Guines. Rancho Veloz. Rancbuelo. Rodas. Sagua la Grande. City of Sagua la Gh'ande San Antonio de las Vueltas Sancti Spiritus. • City of Sancti Spiritus .. San Diego del Valle. San Fernando. San Juan de las Yeras. San Juan de los Remedies . Santa Clara. City of Santa Clara . Santa Isabel de las Lajas .. Santo Domingo. Trinidad. City of Trinidad . Yaguajay. The province. 3, 995 3,232 92 349 322 8,650 6,460 31 1,517 642 13,419 11,327 121 912 1,058 1 14,495 8,820 139 1,107 4,429 6,244 5,523 16 522 183 6,954 6,255 54 278 367 59,128 47,241 928 6,616 4,326 17 30,038 23,36k 893 3,938 1,826 17 3,825 3,423 72 174 155 1 7,953 6,598 17 610 728 7,811 7,149 158 268 235 1 6,527 5,491 87 564 385 11,961 9,126 162 887 1,786 8,890 7,724 42 406 718 7,532 6,339 81 430 682 5,059 4,585 16 359 99 9,562 7, 981 22 1,027 532 21,342 17,161 427 2,072 1,681 1 12, 728 10,317 382 1,17 k 85k 1 12, 832 9,544 26 668 2,593 1 25, 709 24, 035 162 1,256 249 7 12, 696 11,641 IkO' 732 177 6 5,369 4,887 18 187 277 6,445 5,501 28 435 481 5,600 5,177 39 218 166 14,833 12,000 17 1,240 1,576 28,437 24,884 331 1,482 1,740 13, 763 11, 960 SOI 1,000 502 9,603 8, 659 15 449 480 10, 372 9,339 195 390 448 24,271 22,732 86 1,006 446 1 11,120 10, kis 69 4 68 169 1 9,718 7, 388 82 1,491 757 356,536 298,581 3,464 26,920 27,541 30 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Alto Songo.. Baracoa.. Bayamo.. Campecbuela. Caney.. Cobre.. Cristo.. Gibara.. Guantanamo. Holguin.. Jiguani.. Manzanillo. City of Manzanillo . Mayan.. Niquero. Palma Soriano. Puerto Padre. Sagua de Tanamo. San Luis. Santiago de Cuba. City of Santiago de Cuba The province. 12,770 12,232 14 352 171 1 21,944 20,643 38 1,070 192 1 21,193 20,652 12 474 55 7,369 6,901 3 394 71 9,126 6,972 204 1,573 375 2 10,707 10,195 27 262 223 1,194 1,013 141 40 3i; 594 27; 818 242 3,104 417 13 28,063 24,642 431 1,954 1,031 5 34,506 32,309 114 1,882 201 10,495 10,383 17 82 13 32,288 29, 742 98 2,006 441 1 14,464 12, k00 76 1,635 353 8,504 8, 218 88 156 41 1 2,718 2,582 132 4 12; 305 12; 049 31 166 57 2 19,984 19,118 179 551 135 1 5,796 5,499 8 280 9 11,681 10, 728 30 768 154 i 45,478 38, 609 832 3,344 2,685 8 4 3,090 36,265 832 3,333 2,652 8 327,715 300,305 2,368 18,691 6,315 36 228 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XIII. — Males 21 years of age and over , by citizenship , literacy , and education. CUBA. Total voting age. Cuban citizens. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education ... Spanish citizens. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education ... Citizens in suspense. Can neither read nor write Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With superior education ... Foreign and unknown citizens. Can neither read nor write Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education ... Total voting age. Cuban citizens. Can neither read nor write Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education .. Spanish citizens. Can neither read nor write Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education .. Citizens in suspense. Can neither read nor write Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education .. Foreign and unknown citizens Can neither read nor write Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education .. All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other coun¬ tries. Colored. 417,993 187,813 96,088 6,794 127,298 290,905 184,471 142 78 106,214 172,627 94,301 34 13 78,279 4,132 2,089 1 2,042 105,285 79,452 99 39 25,695 8,861 8,629 9 25 198 9,500 144 9,341 6 9 1,149 18 1,126 1 4 108 2 106 7,929 105 7,816 3 5 314 19 293 2 76,669 1,296 75,249 37 87 16,945 312 16,590 rr / 36 858 18 837 1 2 56,704 861 55,771 24 48 2,162 105 2,051 5 1 40,919 1,902 11,356 6,673 20,988 26,641 191 7,434 872 18,144 293 8 153 34 98 11,914 1,152 3,682 4,377 2,703 2,071 551 87 1,890 43 PROVINCE OF HABANA. 127,047 52,621 43,273 3,499 27,654 73,939 61,153 . 36 45 22,705 30,345 16,898 4 2 13,441 1,528 688 1 839 37,669 29,255 30 28 8,356 4,397 4,312 2 14 69 4,718 49 4,661 5 3 380 4 374 1 1 52 52 4,137 37 4,095 3 2 149 8 140 1 39,207 678 38,471 21 37 6,442 129 6,300 2 11 491 9 479 i 2 31,174 469 30,669 13 23 1,100 71 1,023 5 1 9,183 741 105 3,428 4,909 4,188 11 8 248 3,921 57 1 15 41 4,120 507 88 2,588 937 818 222 9 577 10 CITY OF HABANA. Total voting age. Cuban citizens. Can neither read nor write Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education... 75,305 23,790 32,779 2,787 15,949 85,460 22,729 23 37 12,671 8,304 975 2,565 345 1 2 5,736 630 22,790 16,507 20 23 6,240 3,391 3,312 2 12 65 CITIZENSHIP 229 Table XIII .—Males 21 years of age and over, by citizenship, literacy, etc. —Continued. CITY OF HA BANA—Continued. All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other coun¬ tries. Colored. Spanish citizens. 4,136 39 4,089 5 3 Can neither read nor write. 327 1 324 1 1 Can read but can not write. 62 52 Can read and write. 3,623 30 3,588 3 2 With superior education. 134 8 125 1 Citizens in suspense. 29,079 450 28, 589 15 25 Can neither read nor write. 3,215 37 3,170 1 7 Can read but can not write. 389 5 381 1 2 Can read and write. 24,581 347 24,211 8 15 With superior education. 894 61 827 5 1 Foreign and unknown citizens. 6,630 572 78 2,730 3,250 Can neither read nor write. 2,623 8 6 139 2,470 Can read but can not write. 48 1 H 36 Can read and write. 3,253 386 64 2,067 736 With superior education. 706 177 8 513 8 MATANZAS. Total voting age. 65,595 21,320 10,217 665 23,393 Cuban citizens. 37,544 20,843 17 11 16,673 Can neither read nor write. 23,983 10,062 2 4 13,915 Can read but can not write. 543 281 262 Can read and write. 11,933 9,432 10 4 2,487 With superior education. 1,085 1,068 5 3 9 Spanish citizens. 1,033 16 1,016 1 Can neither read nor write. 112 112 Can read but can not write. 16 1 15 Can read and write. 865 11 853 1 With superior education. 40 4 36 Citizens in suspense. 5,798 91 5,705 1 1 Can neither read nor write. 749 6 741 1 1 Can read but can not write. 62 2 60 Can read and write. 4,732 77 4,655 With superior education. '255 6 '249 Foreign and unknown citizens. 11,220 370 3,479 653 6,718 Can neither read nor write. 8,677 88 2,279 132 6,178 Can read but can not write. 77 2 56 1 18 Can read and write. 2,195 201 1,108 365 521 With superior education. 271 79 36 155 1 PINAR DEL RIO. Total voting age. 43,750 24,324 8, 242 308 10,876 Cuban citizens. 33,479 24,104 6 9,369 Can neither read nor write. 25,424 234 17,118 163 1 8,305 71 Can read but can not write. Can read and write. 7,415 406 6,422 401 5 988 With superior education. 5 Spanish citizens. 662 16 646 Can neither read nor write. 54 3 51 Can read but can not write. 5 5 Can read and write. 593 13 580 With superior education. 10 10 t 230 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XIII ,—Males 21 years of age and over , by citizenship, literacy, etc. —Continued. PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other coun¬ tries. Colored. Citizens in suspense. 7,755 171 7,577 1 6 Can neither read nor write. 3,140 91 3,048 1 Can read but can not write. 56 1 55 Can read and write. 4,439 76 4,357 1 5 With superior education. 120 3 117 Foreign and unknown citizens. 1,854 33 13 307 1,501 Can neither read nor write. 1,561 4 1 113 1,443 Can read but can not write. 2 1 1 Can read and write. 260 22 11 170 57 With superior education. 31 7 1 23 PUERTO PRINCIPE. Total voting age. 20,181 12,518 2,982 261 4,420 Cuban citizens. 15,759 12,361 4 2 3,392 Can neither read nor w r rite. 7,810 6,037 1 1,772 Can read but can not write. '318 '214 '104 Can read and write. 6,972 5,475 2 1 1,494 With superior education. 659 635 1 1 22 Spanish citizens. 446 25 420 1 Can neither read nor write. 224 9 214 1 Can read but can not write. 10 10 Can read and write. 189 13 176 With superior education. 23 3 20 Citizens in suspense. 2,605 56 2,547 2 Can neither read nor write. 783 10 773 Can read but can not write. 43 43 Can read and write. 1,607 40 1,565 2 With superior education. 172 6 ' 166 Foreign and unknown citizens. 1,371 76 11 259 1,025 Can neither read nor write. 904 5 8 14 877 Can read but can not write. 12 1 1 10 Can read and write. 281 24 1 119 137 With superior education. 174 46 2 125 1 SANTA CLARA. Total voting age. 100,113 45,534 21,953 899 31,727 Cuban citizens. 71,462 44,976 66 11 26,409 Can neither read nor write. 46,084 25,118 22 6 20,938 Can read but can not write. 915 520 395 Can read and write. 23,475 18,374 43 4 5,054 With superior education. 988 964 1 1 22 Spanish citizens. 1,481 32 1,447 1 1 Can neither read nor write. 88 2 86 Can read but can not write. 17 1 16 Can read and write. 1,330 25 1,304 1 With superior education. 46 4 41 1 Citizens in suspense. 12,947 182 12,744 2 19 Can neither read nor write. 3,043 41 2,992 10 Can read but can not write. 117 4 113 Can read and write. 9,556 125 9,420 2 9 With superior education. 231 12 219 — — CITIZENSHIP 231 Table XIII .—Males 21 years of aye and over, by citizenship, literacy, etc. —Continued. SANTA CLARA—Continued. All classes. Whites born in Cuba. Whites born in Spain. Whites born in other coun¬ tries. Colored, Foreign and unknown citizens.... 14,2*23 344 7,696 885 5,298 Can neither read nor write. 10,304 123 73 5,113 95 262 4,856 Can read but can not write. 3 6 19 Can read and write. 3,557 239 210 2,455 33 472 420 With superior education. 58 145 3 SANTIAGO. Total voting age. Cuban citizens. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education ... Spanish citizens. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education ... Citizens in suspense. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education ... Foreign and unknown citizens Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write Can read and write. With superior education ... 71, 307 31,496 9, 421 1,162 29,228 58,722 31,034 13 9 27,666 38,981 19,068 4 1 19,908 594 223 371 17,821 10,494 9 2 7,316 1,326 1,249 6 71 1,160 6 1,151 3 291 289 2 8 8 815 6 808 i 46 46 8,357 118 8,205 12 22 2, 788 35 2,736 4 13 89 2 87 5,196 74 5,105 8 9 284 7 277 3,068 338 52 1,141 1,537 1,015 10 25 111 869 14 1 2 2 9 1,501 188 19 663 631 538 139 6 365 28 232 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. a> £ o O I s o • >o O rO *3 50 -o e s£ o e V C z z cc PC H aa C a \rO J. © f. tL X r* X o N 02 ft 5 X *3 ft cc 4s © fe S c o ts: © s- j © tc ftO £ x ^ •p © r- T2 T1 * 2? C ; 5 £ o£ © i-i © P.C <=3^ OS c •d s- c5 c: © c J- ^ ■*^» ^.. C — > s'E -5 • CO S< ' d ^ *C d HT cc s© © id P.O £ ’ft co eg c's'C-S r', © X ^ ^ *- « > ’’t HCCCCCCCOHCiHCC^ o g — s"E ^ s3 £ O f-, O -J £.2 r -\ “PH C* f ~4 -> a s- >- > .-2 o. o § § £ sT E 7 = i-t a> a. — O £ C’i'O. r. t: p * = 5 = " .2 og^ = > O f-t * 2-0 * S § ®2 2 *r O © gj £ > o t. ^ ft o g 5 £ '£ 'c *5 CC h*< t—! 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CITIZENSHIP 243 • • • ^ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ■ i • • • • • • • • • • • OI • • • • • • H • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ■ • • • • • • ■ • • « • rH • ••••• *••••• • ••••• • ••••• • ••••• • ••••• • ••••• • ■ • • • i • rH tH O • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 00 oo O Tf r(< oo ^ HHNOOO rH 166 rH (N '-D K N ao © T-H COXIOH 1,565 CN cr> OJ i—« 'M ^ CO -r OlCO^ CO • CO "H* CO > ~h • • r(H . • • • • • I • • 20 C H CO 05 00 *D l- rH • • • • o rH H N O CO 'O X H eo rH 214 • • • • • • • r—< • • it • • • • • • it i • • • • • •• • rH • i it • rH • rH • • • • • ■ • • • • • • it • • ii • • • • • • ii • • • • • i • ••••• • ••••• • •••ii • • • • • • • ••••■ • ••••• • ••••• • • • • rH • • • • • • • • i • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • i • • • rH -p CO CO o CO lO to CO 00 rH 2,982 Ciego de Avila . Moron . Nue vitas . Puerto Principe . Puerto Principe City . Santa Cruz del Sur . The province . 244 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 3 O o cO ^5 © £ © o © s. © • •si *s o ■>«© ©3 £ • 5- © © © 3 p. © » © *© £ 3 © ©5 3 co CO 1 X w -5 25 < < Pi < O E- 1 55 O 03 ◄ pa P O P* O m X a H t-H X o 'n H-» in «- O © O c • H > o S-. ft o rG -*-> (h o «*-* o 73 o 'C o 'O E o> t- o3 c 03 03 »- tuo *53 t- o ft 03 03 E 03 ft ifj 03 N 03 N 03 X) 03 E ft m 03 fl 03 N E E E O 03 *-• ^ r- •- e-o S 5 < 5n ,r c: 03 'C 03 *-. * 03 C ft.© E -*—' x c3 h-> © 2'C'CS 5S5i S C*hSo S E E 03 E *“* i CO ^ CM <5^ CM CM S* • iO * 2 i i* u 2 •- o*.2 p o fe 5 CrP-- ^ 02 o P3 © a> C p. o E -♦—< “ cS © o 22 p'C'CS ogi’E 5 £5 c'? ^ «-< as ? 03 5-. 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O [h M2._ , © o . co • SS • -TO . 'fS* . *- ‘bo . sv .o5> 05 ~ 2 B a> 05 £ ; Sfcl 02 £3 £ 33 OH y be ((3 02 02 i—' o ■3^^ 3 •3^0 3 £3 ° be 3 M2 SsOi >h ■go Q ^ 3 C2 3 -/J cocc ai O x 'S a» 8 jHp- 2 «5 3 o 3 ^ r- 33 33 g 3 0 3 2 2 o ^ = 3i 3 3 c 3 3 3 02 02 M2 M 3 e ’5 s S 1 ^ S 3 S32 B M2 0> _ V-33 3 ® g 033 ~“-*-H ^ Cv H «s o!5 3 3 r s - 1 02 M2 H o be 3 'e B •s O 2 to c3 ■ o Pi I—] H 246 REPORT OK THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. CP P o Q s£ o •o» -*-o Q o 3 £ s 5sa o « 'O © 3 a .& -a r< OO s *N» © o **o ss V. o o e S- <©> s> o *8 s e <» Os e Vi O' co 5- « o Oi B$ a o ◄ H 55 ◄ to ii O W o 55 O ss 00 « (-H 3 H I? 3 O o aJ w x H o X Pi o PQ 03 w H rH K > a ’E X 5 fH o 01 ci p > o 5 -H a ai p -*—» Sh o ««-H a CO O X2 'P 01 'P P "3 p ci v P CO ci V p be P ci N Cl p p£ o p . p* p« ££ h co *P P P P bp *3 S-. O 0) co 3 Cu CO P CO ai N o rp CO p 0) N *P • H ci rp CO p cd A CQ pP CO p 01 N Cl O i « g © s &.2 3 o lOCOHCl ?C v CO so OCOH (NiO^ rH H< CO so ■ tH • • rH *H 3 H P p Cl 0) rH P 4-» » r -N .rH Cl ^ Cl Jh j_ Cl o.ti P *H > S..2SS S‘-'S' C 33 © fH O ‘G 3 © S 3..© 3 -w © aj ^ © H o 43 3 33'C o3 oS 3 © fi'C -M pj © o3 « 3 ..-. rS ©43 3 n © c- © (-1 u © in M 3 ^ 6 « g © 3 •h g*. 2 3 o 'p 0) o o P ^2 P'-m co c3 4^ Cl rH O 43 333-0 ® ci s cir 1 r - ! ci h ^ ^ M P > 3 'g — H CS P -rH 0^55; cS ? Cl H jjfp h ci c; -*-• P O P o-s^nt: o H CCCOCOCOKO^OKOClHXCU^COf C^OHOCCl'HC5HvtcCiO r-H 04 OJ CO HOK r-1 HC^rlH O C -t CO H rH ^1 Cl C — CO 5 x> r s JS • SJ 2 r^Scalo?? : 3 : •.a^c.t:<0 3' c ' c Ss;3a rsss«tt v o J o-'a) :- c £9-°ti® Cf:: ^ c ? 0 •c s.= Z* 3C-3 y - £ S «% o 5 -5 3 c “5*5 £ s SO^G = = 2'r‘C © £ gg © So© S S 'C < r 'C G. u, a -3 3 C ~ £ .3 3 3^ a £ 2 EV He S3 33333 33 ~ zL ^ s .PHiMCcajr—.- h-h-hwqh cicS cicicScSP PP oooooo oow-s-o'acasai-x tom tototototo tom © u - 43 S' Hiw N o © o © o 43 43 © © •3 5 § © V. P ,^_© S © £ s © s 2 tn 3 “ 3 : r. ~ a © 3’2 .^.,- s Ss-O 2 sC c ® ® zi .P Q -w »P C^ r!? W 1 rH »rH —^ a H *?2&X&sgc.S®'S5 0 — Ji >©e5?o at“O a»H 3§ -2 © o S-3 be .3— 3 ©'3 ^^■ea Trinidad CITIZENSHIP 247 04 04 04 H I'- <0 10 Ol H H rH O l CO rH TfM^ O-f OhiO o a o H H ■a H O 2 bp X P* . lO *o> • rH H • lO <^4 • • CO SO r • 04 O 04 05 CO lO CO 05 lOiCOCO^OJ^Co^H^OHO^iCOO^iOO^COI^^HiO^OI^t^OiO COOlOCOOOIOOO^HOCCHHCOiOHiOOil^HHCOiOOlOlCr-O^OOOOjl^ rH rH t— i H Oj rH 04 rH 04 H H ^O 04 H rH l'- rH HOOC'InC'lHHH^OOOH^O^NOiOOi^C'l 04 ph CCN H 04 »C CO CO < * SO CO CO 04 O CO » •*■* rH CO H •f Cl CC O CC O I- H iO lO 05 Cl 1^ CO CO OJ CO oo I> C0C00>O^0O5C5C0Hi0 - - )<£>—' ----- --- rj»CO^t , iHC004SO<0 (X)t^C0O«OHC0Q4Ort<04»0O 05 05 H0IC0^^O^C0«0a5H05N^i0HPH00 04 05 CO 05 O CO CO h CO 1^ h 00 O h o CO O ’f CO CO OO O I" Cl O CT5 CO O H loci 0^l'HOOC5^COC5iCCOOXOOOG50iOCO^)COiOC0 04C50^/jHOOO iO 04 04 2 ,Q o3 ^'S'S X> a ce5 03 G ^ a o> a> C 4 6/Ci'C 2 * _ r 4> 5 o S>^8 a 10 o> ,_03 03 0> HCJOOOO c3 N a g 03 'Z v a C/J 0) a ’3 O.. d_o 'C i! o> S'So N V CO "C as s±3 e CO 1 o3 a T’ 33>--3 5 3 03 03 H v >H rH H X> 0Q a ’ « 2 '£ *r»i 55,01 ■ro ^ S s - O a e O'c a o,^ica M3 >5 or 3 co co o3 O r—i r—t 0) 03 e 03 v- l_3 p"? co Sj o3 “ 0) i'O -0-0 c a a B>c3 2 25^ a a a a o3 03 ^ M3 M3 M3 M3 e £ 04 04 s O 1C to 05 CO 05 o 04 04 o tox) 0 ■rH Ot3 °*^* Q 03 5*1.2, 2-^0 a ^.S & M3 H i'' -1 4) O a > o (h p, 03 ^3 H Table XIII. — Males 21 years of age and over according to citizenship , literacy , and education — Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Whites Born in Cuba. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] 248 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. G o ti o 3 a £ XlJ np p cS H Eh o fa g j p G o* J rC xn P g N! o (-1 • cj •p-h £ G j? g »- T3 43 ^ “ *rH 0) ^ g eh P g o.t •S i m § h r §*.2 g § S h-cts t; a S-i .2 ‘E g o g g .,2 G a) a o G'G'G -2 P <13 rH Tf t© c'c- ej G §2 §1 G Eh G . GgG OS +* G ^ a> u G O.GI C g G ■ ~r j-t oi co T— oi lOlffHMOIMHOOWl r—i y-H CO t-H i u _o ’E G 03 g g .,2 G*j 03 0 i +3 O H c G5 G^GJ -2 s g s-E o GG-p cs G G o 2 -° 03 03 Sh 03 . c- g q'E C? 03 ^ ^ > G " eo so i a* . pp 2 G c g R -o 43 ” 03 CllPriCOCCL'© Cl rH CO CO H • •XOOOi'fO^X ' CO O ^ H D Oi • Ol Cd CO *-1 rH • CO r-i ^ CO »C CC' O Cl CO CO 1C 1^ D 1^ Ci d D ^ X X CO O O ■ C r- C- X D D CO O 1' X O »C 'C iCi.CI^ D C D CO CODICOiCClDl C5iCCOOOOO^CCD(Ma50C'^ , DlCOC^ rH rH Cl CO rH rH CD 05 H* (N 05 CO Ol 00 o o H Ol CO rH CO ^’T’TCI ^ - . CD 05 05 05 lC ’fCOdiONOOHiOOOHHCOOOCDN Cl 05 05 05 »C CD iC Q; »C Cl O w "T l'* Cc iG TfCO ^ O h C5 CO CU^ CD lA CC N rfr-lOHCOH i OJ CO G •E -Hh ’J. 5 o tc r G o’ v. I S H £ 5a G G u • w C >. Z K A fl-r r H - P ?= § Q-CS P C bC « r - p r|i rh H ^ pwOuUUUHi^^ C.„ G = & 2 'c 5c c I 8.1 •H L a V ^ ^ - OGO e e G = e i3 : G S *- G -E^ g’2!m 2 5 >C g Gg -g g g s & 'A Pi Ch do oq oo Whites Born in Spain. CITIZENSHIP 249 • ••••••• rH H • ••(••ii • ••••••• • ••••••• • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • 4 A CO • • • rH H rH CO ^O CO CO cm" • tH • i i • • lO CO • • • • • • • rH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • i— • • • • • • • • • • • ?0 • • t"» N • • • • H H • • * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 46 tO lO CO CM CO -*P ' CO Up H 1 > CM Oa rH • tO tO CM CC *0 rH CO • oi co to th -oi^cd • cc ^ \ tO I rHOOOiCOOCOCO^OCitMCOrH^lCOCOtOOiC CO CO 04 H H CO OOOri r-i 55j S Ss • * • ■s- : : o o • :S © O . 33 NS fl®C •«s» rO c3 El eS e •? r S^ IM fi’E *r* — .9 Cl. P 73 O CC ^ rQ .q hJ Cw O ^ h'' C2J CG . P ^ 3 H ■ eras P br a ^ c - o> a B p o u P< a> PS Eh O be P 3w a> o cc PS w o a? o § 33 (1 P. 3b 3i 03 O a c3 fl r do-'aSs.P r.. *** m n 12 6« « O ■'•o o £ P <3 P <> a §,§• rt S- S®fl o3^ -cb g* H OCTj^r^ ^ ^ c <1> C3 V ' -V WW ^ *-H ' •— . ■ L j c3 *-< 3 § *> S&fPCntt! „ a s' ^ *f-H c3 Table XIII .—Males 21 years of age and over according to citizenship, literacy, and education —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Whites Born in Other Countries—C ontinued. » [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] 250 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. o 23 .5? 3 p O o x 0> Pi co P c c A cc P o N O 23 co p a N C/ rC X C/2 o N p .2 O) g 0.0 o supe¬ rior educa¬ tion. COO'35 T—1 X ?>» t — i 365 Can read and write. 1^0 0 CO 60 04 Ol 663 r-> +J» X O »— X r-i b-4 • • • • • • • • • 04 3^-^bE • • • * • ■ « • • • • * Can leither read nor vrite. CO 04 05 CO 60 P t-H t-H W 0) P .2 si a 0..2 r-« CO c3 «-» O • , ci 0.0 2 a • • • • i • i • • • * ^ "o • • • • • • # 04 Can read and vrite r* 2 S O P o _ • r- 1 P ^ ~5 w si O ryn a> c p p ? 5 i c d g £*.2 s 3 'O a> .2 ’E • o.o O -*-> co c3 p> O 3 p r—i . _ * > r* o i P ^ c; a> t- a> C,c' t_ o os VS 2 c fc ■SjS?oS 5=5 Q -♦-> *p c Js^ n.8 a O.tt r -\ • ^ ^ ^ p O a> p ^ > 00 w p I lO OtOt^^astOHCO'N^ t-H TT »-h Ht>.N O 00 T-t CO ^4 'OSIXCOXI^HX^SJCO^ 1 ^ 04 CO 'T CO © »C CO ©60 04 5 o co io oo 04 »C H T 04 O P M 3° p C2 P ^ O ^ & •”■> §> X c *c Z bi z: X X 04 iC I 04 H 04 lO CO H 04 O) i CO SO IXO^ riO^O CO 60 © © 04 iO CO O t-h 04 © T—• **H t 04 O) -r -t © U X r - r ^ 2S ft o 05 p r+ p ChT . u.-'jp 5 Oh S, eg OQ X 00 04 CO o C5 C5 - X CO 60 05 CO T—-C0<04OOL^i0aC*0OH©T-H CO OO’f Hr-I©C0C0©^0 t-H t-H t-H tP CO rH rH t^ t— ’P oc C5 oT T-H r)!5 x. oao-TWr'iCc<omt; 0 ! CS54U5l—r-it—^H^-<^5t'-l—CC'00^5r-iCOX'r'OC^OO r-rcTr-T i—Tr-T T-Z-rf r-T rllC-^ 00 C4 ri cT 04 e ■§i o o c o >- o x: Table XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity. CITIZENSHIP. 251 « C> .. • .. ' \ J. \ \ \ \ \ \ '. 'Z | • ggeeee.c, • S 2 S I oi ci a3 cj «! cC q ® y .a)aja). t>. ’y*-. >, iO QJ h tn ? . m ^ a f-f-t *t (h o c3 00 H tj« 04H 3 fe od ic ic co rH 'H of © ih ic 04 IO rj O rH tH rH 04 rH rH w a> M & rH i— • cc ^COX^OO’I'DOO^iOCDN 04 03 HXONXXOr^CDCOCONtC 04 s •rH XOOJiOHC^HXtOHCOiOCl CD a vt n n >v r. r. *33 -H c3 a rH rH rH rH 04 rH CO rH o 02 H • ’tCOCOCOOi^^HDi^ODOD kO HI^^ON^HCCXOCOOCON CO gj Ot^COHt^HO>HXX(NiOiO 05 3 CD © 05 04 1^ ic 04 Cn[ CD 04 04 04 H iC00^04H^iCHH>.^oiri of 3 CO O r— . CD HCDOSCOONHCOWiOCOCCOP- kD * 0X00510^X004000^10 O 33 OI>COCDCDI^040IOCOOOO 04 H> IC H< r 04 05 H< 05 05 CO "H rH 'H N 00 COHHrfXHtOP*OOOXH kO rH H rH rH rH oo 1 • cDcD05cDcot^o4ica5iccoa5Tfr^ rH ^ C h fl . H 1 H 1 'HOXl^HHI>CD04t^C004 H Othe and u know citize ship XCOOHHiOiOX^iOOM^ ^ CD CO CO 04 r-H kC CO lC 00 rH © l> rH tH rH o' 00 HOHHNHONO04OXCDCD rH 03 qj P V I^04l>0400 04COI^a5CDCDl^05 rH lOXOCDt^CH^^HHiOH 00 Cfi a CO 00 05 t> 00 CD !>• CD lN» CO kC C C HH M< iHrHrH H H H 04 rH rH o o3 r* 04XHHXHCDCJHXCDH1004 00 03 l^i004i0OHXHi0XCD01CD l> Cl, cDOXONHt^HOXXXW H o rH 04 rH rH rH 04 04^ CO rH O a a 04 f—* 02 C3 • CD rH iO . 1 04 X 04 h 04 H O H H O H XXOOOCDHOOOt^OOiO CD H 33 CJiOhOOU^OHHCDHO’T CO £> rt 00 iO 04 O CO O 05 iC QO 05 CD HD05DCDX050DHXH04 CD 05 o rH rH rH rH rH 04 rH X 05 05 o »C O 05 lO 04 CD X 04 05 iO 1^* O H ! ■« CD H H O H kC 04 X 05 X XHOt^OJXcD^XOkOHCD 05 •*-» O CD o CD rH o 04 CC kC l> 00 r 1^ of CO 04 04 O H CO t— < X H CD CO 1^ H rH 04 04 rH rH rH rH rH rH kO rH cj .a o Table XIV, —Citizenship by age , sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CUBA—Continued. 252 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 . W V *3 a « 4 -t c 3 £ XOiOOiOXI^CH^iOI^COCOH rH -T X'HH 005 t^NOOCOOl^ CO t- C C £ . Ci 0 04 HO(NcCL^ 005 iO(N CO ^ ^ M „ __ £ N -rH u 2 •* 3 rilNOlH 04 rH s « COCO^COr-OCOOOXC 5 X Ol^w 05 rHC 0 XC 0 OC 005 I^C rH 2 m H , l-»OXC 0 rHHXt-- 04 O 5 CrH 00 m OXNCOCIHINIMCI’I'H -p TP .d NdOX^iOrHNOXXtC-f iC w l'iOOOiC(NOCOXC 40 HCO TP *rH 05 00 Tp CM rH CM CO 04 1 © (M rH rH 03 iO ft CC NOONMHCOHHCOCOM^O C to lO C ^ X lO CO O CO H 05 04 r- 05 r* l>» o 3 ONHH^HiO«OCO?DXOH lO ft CO rH rH CM © rH © tP QQ rH Tp CO I> CO«OOCO^thCOCO(N^P(Nh o o o ^p OOOOGOa 5 iOiOr^CO^^O< 0 ^ 04 rH 05 l 0 l 0 N 05 C 0 NNlC 05 H 05 OrH CO 04 3 xoN»ooi^oHO(orp 05 -w H ^P H Co' 04 CO x' r- I- Tp Tpt^l^COO 4 rHCO 0 OCO^O 4 rH cT CO H •rp m a ) \ 2 i _ t* C r Q> £ < ogJ2 c • . a> ft s-bs CJ CO »C CO Ol tOCltOrP CM CM CiO(N HOlQOCOWTfOCOiOX^OOl^ I^'OiHCOiONCCNN^CCh r-T cfcf 2 CK C rn O HH i^xasHHCwrfcooii^co-'f oo ic tp 05 ao ic co to to ci h ^ O C H X o CC C 5 CO ri G c 3 a CO C 5 C 5 HCOCO(NOOtOOCOtO(N CJ lO iO w O 05 I-I 1 ^ 05 CO CM h rH CO CO iO 1 ^ CM Tp CO CM 00 o CM CO CM 00 rn 05 Tp or; oo CM a. Tp 05 TP LO CM 05 o CM CO 3 o iO CO p CO IO CM rH 00 1 ^ rH lO C 5 TP TP TP co 05 05 1 C o TP rH iO CO CO CO CO C 4 M CM CO CO Tp CM rH o o Tp 5 o H CCiOOiCCOcDiOXTftONOU-f 05 iO 05^ GC 1C O O 05 X Ol O^HOh 050 lCOhH 05 pi « to ol 6 6 H liO rH N to rH lO" '^I^I^COtNriCOCOCO'^^iH 1 C CO CO o CO o rH CO 00 CO CO Pc . ?»& 1 2-S2 g.ts’S i>* a lO Ol 05 rr 05 05 x w c co t 05 lo oi cj x n x -r C 0 (N'T 05 mi 0 O 0505 C 0 XC 0 H CO lO Tp rH r— 1 rH rH in o > o H 2 ^ — y. a c r< ° HH P* C 0 aQCMiCTpi^O>r^C 0 O 5 iOCMCM O O) r- x O) O CO rH lO X OJ 05 XXNOH050105MNOCDH cm~ r^*~ io~ c>T co of cm~ tp* of A /. CO CHHHhUUCOH’THOO I^rHlONlO^-I-- 05 CO U* M X iC 05 iOt^^NCOXNOOJr- - A X 05 CO O) O CO I--- CO *—• CO 05 CO 'M iC 05 CO ».C 05 '-O 05 'N T 05 CO X CO X H^hXiCOOOsOhwP'Ol r-T *£ io oT oo h © oToT oo cT ic cm -- . - “ CO iO 00 Tp CM rH OC^fNtCXOl^Oi 5 o H HCOXtX^OJr- 05 rH CJ 1.0 CO CO rH 05 iO 05 C ’P t'* I>- ri 0 05 10 > 05 CC CO ) CO lO •HO 05 ^C 0 ^^C 0 t 0 NC 0 W t.o "P O Tp N C !>• w 05 lO OJ H d o £ 2 £ ? ~ - p p *C S' —. . t>. .05 &■§ . *r a 3 r^. r^. rT. £ CS £ c 2 £ c 5 rt> <11 d 5 Q) q (U y- ’"‘ft ft -c ^ ri ~i cc " S ~ 'C^Q®StCQ 9 00c ? 0 ^ g C •*-> -*-» cj r ^»-3 r ^4 £ w OtCXOHiOO»OtOiOiC hJiOhhhCJOIOICOCC^'iOO Tp 04 CM © o 04 to iO to "■p CO s CO C 5 05 04 © rH 05 Table XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CUBA—Continued. CITIZENSHIP 253 ^t^CDiOiOOOOJCDXOOOOH iO Hfli 10002^0200 112 05050002^ co ti 2 £ C3 . 0404C0040404Q0Ol^04OI^u0 o s r r. « » • 1^ Q to fl c3 a fl S hH » H rH rH CO 04 rH • Tt< rH o • «+h X 020lH02O 00 00t^'N00Xa2 , H • no 02>a2>-T 02 HHCOOI^XXl^iOiOOOiC O • H •i—« rH0404rH0400iO'T , COL0 04 04 XI a £ o3 a rH H H 04 rH O rH £ cc 60 ■ O 04 02 CO CC 04 O 4^* 04 ”H OS OS rH O o rH C0C0O2HC0HiOiOO4^O4 P- o c3 rO H Ol rH O iCHXO00'tHt^D02i0t^W«0 I^rHHT'O^^’tHHHOlr-'rH o -r c3 OX’ODOOOlOD^iOCOO rH 04 rf CO rjf os CD CD to CO no" H rH H H 04 th rH rH X H • C0i^CO^^H*D^C2H(MCiO4O2 o t-* £ r< c3 . OOi’fOHdOCOXO^OOOlNI^ no d 3 # a) p, no CD 00 t> 02 I> 04 H H ‘S'o g~x C0~ rr CO lO CO of rH 00 04 HOCON’HiOiOH»HH^O’fiC S a> CO O 02 O CJ O 02 N N o 04 COiCiCCOiO»OHG00200QOO CO “ 3 rH 04 CO of rH lO CO CO tP CD CO CO •rH a a I —i '-a rH rH H 04 H OS > • X GO 04 04 04 lO ^ 0> iO rH 00 00 04 H 00 H o Cl 04 O lO H 02 00 02 Ol 02 CD txo 04 04 CO 04 -T O 4^ nO CD CO *H3 M rH 04 rH 04 H o rH *4H -J) f—< • Oi-HHCOiOHCOODOOCOr- H -h D D O H X CD 00 00 CO H CD O no O 04 04 r—• 04 CO 04 CO rH H X of 6 Ol CD H O O 02 O lO Ol H O O co |'Hcdi^:o*thcoi'Hhoioh COnOt^fOOcDiOOCDiOCOOOiO os c3 O rH rH of CO" CO CD CO OS H OS OS Tjf of H H 04 H CO H rH • ••••••••••III 1 • 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • •••(••••••••a atatiaaataaita aaaaaaaiaaaaaa • aaaaaaaaaaaaa •••I'll.• • a a a a a a a < ■ ' • 1 • 1 1 1 • 1 • 1 0 • a • • • • ^ ^ « • OQ * * ' fn.O * H ' CO C0 CC ' CG 02 02 02 02 C/2 Ci 1 h ^ ^ ^ t-,rH • a a c3 _ H r^i r^* r^a ' v ^ X 2 , \r,-t --r< cr> —r —r -t< —r (4 5 ‘'S c-CMC^co-r-^'yD cj 2 rH 00^^000000^ M ^ O a-- H* d >«H> ■*—• ■*—* » -♦— » a— > >•.'0 K, ^ O lO CO O H 1C O lO lO >o O h'iOhhhNINC^MM-jiiOOw Table XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex , race, and nativity — Continued. CUBA—Continued. 254 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. CO»hHOC5^)iO'X)COCOO , + iO’^ o , -f MO N CO 1^ O CO -t O lO 05 CO Other and ur know? citizen ship. OlCOCObJM HNnCOUriO rH CM CM CO , 5 £ 0)05 0MOCDOJMN0^05 05H CO 05 r- CO 3 wj t— i CM r—i o (f d r If) D 05 CO 1C O r-< ri CO CMCO^CMCMrHiOOOCOi005©CO CO JC . ^ N-h ». ■w'C ?; - z:43 OCSr* cS O ntCl^Tf CM Cl rH Cl O OJ "f CO CO 05 05 rH • lO 3 £ lOr-^I^CO’rr-tCIrH rH r-H • H rH 04 rH • I- « £ • d HH & « • o r ~~* c3 43 CI^-fXlOHNHNHHHH • o d G0 CM CO CM •H 'd a> fH 3 oS 3. O CO o o . CO 00 r-H »c 05 00 00 O I- Cl GO »o CO r- rt Cl 05 r -0 1-0 h x Cl OC1 O f UXOJ'^iOiCXOcOOTfUrf I- oj to 43 rH to 05 1C CO lO to O CO od CM CO CO rH r— 1 rH rH CM rH rH Cl 5 CM to O H H » 1' lO H » rt Ol ® t' Cl • CO CM GO GO CO CO 05 l^- CM lO 00 1^* rH 05 cS rH lO lO 05 GO I- GO 05 CO H CO o CM CO r iO Tf< 05 iO c6 CO CO 1 - © CM CM CO CO rH rH rH rH CM CM rH rH to H CM • 05 -t h ’O o ci ^ iO ci -r h io o t_ ~ 3 3 . U’fUiCMCHOCOOiiOHHH CM a> 3 ? a> q, Tt.®Mf)rHCl5WCOlOW(NH X O TJ1 ic o 05co oo -r 05 co co 01 -r co rH iio io co 05 co ci co ci -r i - *o co K0OC0C00505C0CMrHi0C0C0i0 8 cS "T Q CO O CO H cm’ rH o co 00 »C r- O ^t>*t>.COCMrHCOTticOiCTt • a> a> # k , . i X E -r o h h -r -r L co -r O ej ^>0000009 ' 4-* ■«-- 4-» r^'.'d d ^ v O iC 00 O h ^ O iQ iC »C lit i hJiOr-«f-HrHCMCMCMcoc5 , *riOti» CITIZEN SHIP 255 r S a o O I £5 C s '*3 s e #v to O C S> *? oo © < < « < W o w o 55 r© r£ GO £ N o cy ft o K. K" I—I X w X CQ -< Eh NHCOCOHiCN^OOJOON'N • CO 1 «— 1 1 >-< y F- y . Cs -f< Cd N N -t^ CD N H o W N • I- co Othe and u know citize ship d i • i 0 CDi 0 HO 05 CdC 0 • co OQ (NCdO^CdcOiO-fCOtDO^d^ • as y •*H CO CO N rH rH r-H Cd Od CO rH t-H • LO OO^HHCOCOHHCOHa 5 (N & CDiOCOHCO^O^OaJi^HHOi CO X> r 4 as o of oo 'rfioto ci’oo’ci i- co CO p H H Cd H HHHHH CO o rH iO tO 05 CO iO Cd GC CD N »C lO CO rf -tH OOCOt^OOCDHHTfOCOOCDH lOCOOCDO^iOOHCO^Cdr^ r—H P CO o ic to o id o d c6 d as d Cd" H H Cd Cd H H H Cd H Cd H o Cd ^ y ? y . lOOONCDCOCOOC'IrHOSHi^aSrf t-H h GO Cd to LO I - h DJ X O as h o ^ a ? d a ^’ffCdCdHCOHOiOOCDGO Cd je , y c* 3 -y o g 5 r ‘rH rH rH Cd rH rH rH (NOCOCdNOsoOCDO(NCO^cOCd O w 0 ; co i' cd as ci o ai X) oo as ^ h cd CO y “ CdOOOOOOO^iOCOiOCOl^H Ol to y y o< hH ^ CO d d Cd CO rH CO I> co as d Cd rH CO to Xfl QJ »—< xi OiDCOCOHOsasCOCdHOcDCOH as c 3 xn COCOQOCO^COCiCOCOiOiOCias COCOCdCdCdHOOOOOHiOCd CO x •rH CO P d r —< o 3 rH rH co P ft o c n H iD CO iC l-* Os Cd H O X O I'* o os wi^cdCdoxasasHioiocdo o c$ as P coioasoxio^HHcoicasco rH X rH as o O co CO Cd d Cd" I- as" Cd" CO y H H Cd H T-HrHrHr-H 'rP o rH CdCOOOaOCOCOOOrHt^CdOOT^rHCO o HcOiCCOCOCOiOXiOXNCOOCd as P CO^CO^COt^iOascOCO^tOrf as ft-) d d d co o" lo o" d o as" as" ^ rH rH Cd Cd rH rH Cd Cd Cd Cd r-H Cd H Cd l i y a . l^CSOOSNHl^iOOCHOSHH as O Cd lO O lO CO lO as O Cd O T -1 Othe and u: know citize ship aoascciO^cocdi^-oHCdcocdco rH rH rH Cd" Cd" Cd" rH o i^" t-H HHCdHOt^tOaOCOCdCOHCDl^CO to xh qJ P ® asco-Hcoasi^asrHasasGO-r^H to •^Ht^ocoiocdCdxicobHob Cd ® P CO ao" I^ to" t*h" Cd" 00 o" oo" co" t>" rH as rn Of oo y HH ^ o -H> o 3 (H cdasLOtoco-ftococorHasooasrH f—H lOlO^HOdCOCOCOI^COrH-tHCdCO CO y CDCOtO^COCdasCdOiONCOH as & o rH rH rH rH 00 ft ft CO -2 ^HHI^COrHOCOOOCOCdCOi^Cl 4 xOCOiONCOOiOHl^CdCdH CO o rH CO H p OSOCOrHrHOtOOOOrHCOrHCd to X 5 Cd" as rH Cd to 00 I> rH d CO rH Cd" CO" aT Cd CO Cd H Cd CO Cd CO Cd t—H o O CO ^HNHpHoascoascoasTfo as CO CO Cd O CO Cd co rH CO Cd rH CO * o p COCOI^r-H^rHOO^lOOOCOQO 00 -*-> O CO O CO O rH CO tO CO CO Cd 00 Os COTfiOCdCdHCOrJHCOiOCOH d Cd H TtH tc >T s 2 53 ^5 * >o n 0>05 rs X St? PiOh 30 (-. GC aj (h o3 £, OJ >-,05 5htj o 5 (H a) !> o GO GO GO GO GO a: _, Ih tn ^ M OiHj P o3 c£ c3 o3 c3 d a> a> a> a; a> op 3 go ^ ^ p >• >» >» _ g: ^ OS 'rf'rfl -fH t*I fH r> C 3 -»-# -*-»+-» -p rV"2 lO C/D O H iO O lO lO lO lO , HHCINNCOW^iOOh 1 0> O a •H t> o t-i ft a; x! H Table XIY .—Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. 256 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA. 1899. 1 c; n Ci c c i- - o r- if: :>) n • Cl O ~ Cl iC «-- CO CD CD — CD CC • X u ~ Cl Cl Cl t— t— ri r-( r- Cl r" • |»|gf rH • , i-' ci i.c Ci o c: o u u x ci o cj • x 0 — X X X <-O’— • IO X — X O 1' M X - iC O CC - ^ U Cl o X £ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • CC CO CC T-1 r— r— r- ^ o> £ e. r~H s • o> U-l U CTJ iCI^ CO |C X CO't N U O 05 • X 05 05 r- oi J5 - I- d CT5 'X U LO - • X © ClCJCIri r— r-i CD "r- • rH £ m . UUU^OCCOIXOU I- X I- r— — r* 1.0 CldhXO'OOiOOOXh t-H — *-00 — OiOLOhXXOr. 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M K ^ I ”3 s 3? tH rH Cd rH r—i • o rH ~ —H c 0 ) . si HCQOOOOOPO i-CrnrH-f . Cl 0 ) GO Cl r— CO CO Cl Cl Cl CO OC Cl uC Cl • l- -H> •H 35 •rH rH 3 r—( r-H tH rH • • CO & a • Cfl • bJD . OCOCCOOCXiC'^OCC • CO H X O O CO Cl H h o '<0 CO rH • o Sh O c3 H H rH rH rH rH rH a rH H Q H^CO'^ClXt^’tOiC^CCl • Ci zD ZD ZD O <0 Ci Ci Cl <0 CO Cl l> O • o CCiO^XdCICl^CHXX • CO -*-j o Eh H H H d Cl rH • -p rH _L <—< _L CO"fOO’fP*OvCCOt > *t > *l > *Ht'- COCOI'CiOXhhCCOO^O rH tl g « S . © 3 £ 0 > 3, rH rH H rH H lO X lO Cl rH r-H 33 _, o N '3 "3 H-r-33 O fl S-H ® -f 'tOXt^HHCOOX^^iOOCI Ci 2 P co CO Ci X a> 05 X w X LO iC lO O Cl I- HHOcco-rXiOcoiOcot^H CO oc a> c3 ® 3 rH Cl rH lO l> ZD Oi lO Cl rH -p ►2 ^ ^ pH -f 3 a> 33 Clt^CIt^O'OCOHCX-fiCH rH M HrH^HXCXXCO-TCClCi ~P jd fl rH H H I'- O QO rH lO Cl Cl £ aj rH rH lO <-h So *—i GO . 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H’* >•« >. 33 Under i 5 to 9 v 10 to 14 15 to 17 18 and 20 vean 21 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 04 05 year: Unkno’ EH 246H2-17 258 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. a> 3 o O I s; ss cs « s-* 00 3 T3 0> d o o I ec < X o -o w dt, ^ •|f & CO o X sj H M < H I > O Q2 Oh X o> 13 £ 0) *0 a> t- c c i _ i u £ *-• c . 2 5; a> ci- 5-0.2'^ rr ’-' r« O d 3 •- » s£ "* « C^l-'NiCiOCCNiCiOHN't rrN^Tf«^jiONiOcc»HO'>c H CClt^O'^dCO Cl ad OClOOXiCXCiONClH^ o dl CO r CO © T* d r— ^ lO lO I'* lO co" H oT d iO O HHOONOOC1COOCONHCO • Hi020XOr^CCH*0'O^COC Ol ad HHXOO^OOHXrf^X -M -H o T* CO © Tf d rH Tf CO lO t>. lO CO c4 rH H X 0> ”3 a T3 0> H o o a t- d f 3 j« . *d ^ ^ *d je'd e^d Od5'-® 5jd«S « OOOW’^'NcDOO^OfNiNCUNQt^ O l'* O « X l>* ^ X O ^ CO TTiC rH d CO CO lO CO CO t'* 2 ^ 3 x x fl a s H-l M« cococoocot^aj^^ioxH^ O C© 00 CO d & X *£ - Cu CO HHO^f a ad 3 O ci ci co h< ci o co io oo . iO I^OJlOHOHCOCOCOdCOXas co'io CO CO ci rH co" CO lC Co" rH 5 o H (DHHClt^COHXCOTfXHOOi 8 ^OC1C1h0QhhHiOC1H Ht^dHCuot^a>002O(Nt^ WQOW ci rH CO Tf CO iC ^"co rH a> t-> o o o O H H a> | ; £2g :eE££E£^ • SS? cJ 3j>, a3cJaj53cJs:rt “ a> a> ,a>a>a>a>a>a>dQ ^ 5 >• >-2 x ^ >» >• „ > £ rn'OtfC^CO^^cdS » 0 *S 5j ♦-* ■*-* •*-> S w OiC OOOHiQOiOiO»C»C^ rJlCr-iHHdd^COCO^^^^ O Cl CO XO CO 00 lO Cl 1C o O a> © lO 0) a a •H > £ !C Ol CO CO ^ CJ rH ■ i X iH rH rH t t- d • od i c. 05 * '^ 4 a5OOX>OXOiCO^ X) 5 hddHX'»OHCi^a)icoo Cl d5 of co oi oo o oo* cd o «o r cf H tH rH rH rH rH rH rH CITIZENSHIP 259 (P 3 3 •H 3 o O •i -o 05 r>0 H- *<>» ►> I—I X W £} M h3 co H SJ £ < H < % Eh O W o 3 I —i > o 3 Ph iO(Nt^OCOiC(NCOiCOOMNH M Pi g (3 . GO 00 Oi 1C H 00 CO 00 lO (N CO i0020iOCOHCO^COC£>OOOC^ I> <12 h o> p< j3 ^ £ n-Ph rH rH rH 00 -w r O 2'rtrd °§3-8- 2 a) C0(N000iH(N0500C0O^I>0i lC NlOiO^OO(NCOlOiOH(NiO CO P m iC1>^CO(NHOICOCOiCCOh CO to (3 02 0) p] ® hH £3 OOHCOHOC^O^HiCHOiOi Op 02 OJHN^^lNiOXiOHOH rH q H H H rH 05 t^HHH CO o3 l^iOiOOOlCO^OHCOa^OO Tjl £2 CO rH rH CO~ Tt< O0lC0L0C0C0i0rH05 GO • asr^ait^oo^aicocot^o^Hco rH C3 o^coooococooiOiOiocoH I> -4—> I> CO CO l> rti (N l> 00 CO r O 1> rH CO GO H H H rH 05 h a P p . 0 0000'CO(NH(NCOCDCO^ aJdoooNiocoojiocDHi^oo -H 0) p 02 CL lOOH^COOU^t^CDNiOHO O -w’C S 33£3 r—T r-T th of co of 1C O fl P 'H tO 3^ w CilOOOiOHOCiClOOCOOH l> 02 02 COH0^05MN02^DO(NOO hH p w HOOOCOC004rHI>GOCOCOOi004 CO cocoic^i>aii>ooco hH 02 (NiOOCOiOC^HI^l^NNI>CO CO •rH 1-0 P ,_i c3 rH c3 & -H> o CO H NCOOOPOt^HCOCOCOC^Oi^ GO q NhCOHCOh(NC2^DHiOOH CO c3 OO^OOH’fC5iOPl>Ht^OCO £2 oh oiid co th lo cp lo aiio co th GO P rH rH r- O COOHCOOOOGOCJCONOOOOCJ CO * I^OOINOOPuOiOXOiOOh Ol OOOOhCOOGOHCIHHO 3-> GO CO CO CO Tji of 00 o4 r 05 co CO CO H rH rH rH o rH ^ P P P . looia^t^cocoaooococococoaoio GO NOM^HHOOC002C5COO ® P ^ 01 p hOHOHHH'NOOOCONCO t> 5-b 2 JsS °g^-3” rH 04 0 s ! rH H H H H CO TH CO co Ol (NNOOU5CO«0050iCOH^-i tH CDI^C2C2'HOC5GOhCOC0002CJ tH 03 OONOOO’TM^OSOi’f^ tH o ® N I-' CO Ol lO -t I' Tti (N !0 i—l CO 04 H r-l Ol rH HHHNHH O 04 • • • • • • a> o .02 • p . . . t> rf) , H O .C2272H . CT2 C0 a> .a2a>a2aa2P-' * m * ►*** k*-* r"» 03 £ •ft ® ... H M rr, > rr 02 £3 r Sh HO^HH H H ^ o H ^ 1*’-' H-OaOIOIMHiOOuji .jQO^OqOOqqqO^ 2 O H 3—» q >■,+-. 4-< -M -M -M -P ^ > *’7 h ^ v O lO CO O h iC O lO lO 1.0 lO ^ ^lOHHHtNM^COCO^iO^H 1 260 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, "3 o> fa O O I • xO * fa — <>» <*«k <*T co rC> .2* * * O I i—< x y y M H fa a> O I co S3 fc ◄ H fa O fa Q £ i—i i> O fa fa / a> * — •— S3 <+H 0) 0) fa- a Other and un¬ known citizen¬ ship. CO CO X O Cl C 1' rx o X O lO • Cl C Cl X /. O C r- C C I' 1C fa • 'fXC^lNHr-lClH(Mrl • • • CO CD Cl rjT i • !^COTfTfiO»-HCO^C^CO'>OCOOO • o CO r- Cl Cl t'* G5 l'* X iO I'* Cl iO r- . 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Othe and u know citizei ship cf 2 o5 iCHCioiNOHcoiNaj^aio • HHNC'lHiOCOOiCOHO’r • o X X rH i—i • 1 - 0; * a "3 a 0 H •rH rH rH rH £ ft cc Pi bx OOt^OICOCDiOHHN P- (M O • O •r —1 rH i—l f ® CO 1/5 Ol H H ■ oo ^H Cl H <£ o £> ft £ o N H CO O H H O l H iO Cl O (N • lO • 'tiOHOOiOP^ClOC'OJGOO • 00 r^J rH rH rH (N CO CO lO lO ^ CO • CO -*—> o co" Eh ^ 0 g . a> jj £ a> ft ONCOOOOiOHCOiOOC^OiO • o CO lO 02 CO O O CO lO CO CO t- CO I- • o HHiOCOiOOicOiOOl • CO rH {^i 7^ S’^rC o a S ."S “ ^ o COH002NOO x d a £ rH rH co" c3 a i—i ft i ^ ,d • toococoocococoooococi • 00 02 • H H Cl H O 1^* 1^ P l'- CO • I- 2 •rH rH • H H H Cl rH • o ? o3 rH rH bo ft cc Q) . »C CO ■ H • H »0 iO H iO CO Cl • "H H c rH • • • iO o o3 ft .ft ii • p • • • o • i • NHClOHH^O^CiOCl^H o H1-iOOXC1XCU-OPhO >o oi h h Cl Cl CU'- »o X X h iO oo +H o H H H Cl H >h rH 1 Eh rH 1 Cl Cl CO CO I- H CO Cl P- d Oi CO 00 • CO | Sh h h g OQOOiO.OhOiOhHXhh • o ^ P j£ 02 MH HHHHCOXl^ClOClO • oo 6- o «2 oc gs'S oH O rH rH • CO* ! XCnCHC2CONO!C!^)HOXH 4-0 CIOhI^hC2COiO«DCOI^CO Cl rH rH rH CO O"- 1 CX> I'* rH LO C! 00 K a CO~ -*-J d HH Ph r' r—_ •OClHCliOcOiONiOCHH • o rr 02 •HNNCOnHOiCClHCH • l- blj "P • rH rH rH CO Cl • Cl 13 rn • • H • • o r-H 'H-t if} r-H <3 • H H O Cl CO 02 'O O H cue Cl • -H 4-H rH Cl H H H CO CO CO CO i—1 H • CO o CO H ft O H tO iO O iO X X C) O H Cl Cl C H lO * 02 Cl O 02 X I- lO X 0 02 CO 02 o CO cS H Cl Cl X Cl iO O 02 X H iO X Cl o Eh rH Cl rH CO Cl rH lO rH l•l•■•(t•l■l•• i * i • • • i i • i • i i i • •••••••iiiiii • 1 1 1 . a> • ••••iiiiiiiii o ••••••iiiiii f-H • • ••••••iiiiiQ^i a •r—i o P ! x /. h ! x x x x x x r 4 Z • «h In In In In (- rrt \ g»is« J: s cb ci £ oi as £ 1 ft *h ,*r, ^,’Jj • ^ 0) >0*1'_, ^ H C2 H H-f H c—< r\ Jr* rH r-H "C ^ClClCOHlCO <-} g ^ qoC^oooooo^ 1 •/! d O ' 4- ' H—' ^ r^.H—» H-I H—' 4—* -H -H ^• r d k O lO X O H 1C O 1C iC lO lO r H l-j lO H H 1H fl 51 M » M Tf 1C ® 262 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, as A • H a o O I '■S s ss 'e ss o e s- If CO .§• r-Ci CO £ *M • O P$ CL, OOi’TM'TOfC^MTiCiCTf-' CM • — ■ CXI-H CM rH rH r- C X TH C *- C ~ G . Mcai CM Othe and u know citize ship cm" 3 a> Cf 02 HQOiCCO-t HiCHOlCC^ • rH • X CO^H Oi CO C 0Q 0) e 2 HH M* c3 • ' I> 00 CO rH • • • • rH rH • fl ,£ rH n 02 • » • » • CM a> •r—1 • • • • . <4—i M • • * • • 'd a> c5 a • !•• . h m 0 H 5 lC & CO 1C Tf H H CM CO CO rH co" (N rH O p -r 0 CM a n O 'S'c 2-^5 rH Ol rH 0 fl S 33 ej-^ O 00 1O CO ^ P- rH ..... • rH • 05 8 a> r 02 O “ c r) a> w H-i P* 0 • 3 CO(NO .CO • • • • • • • r-i * X 02 rH 'O a 0) C3 CL O GO 0 0 CiCl'f'^OHXCONCOXt^N • COrilAcUNrHOOHOJ^OO • 05 r-> X 5 'T rH O O CO 00 05 l> CO 05 O 00 00 • rH -a CO iO 10 ci n rH CM cm" CO CO rH • rH a X O t'®rHH®^5»'1l^lQOOCOlCM CM OOiOM'-rCOOiCOCIO iC c3 iCCMrHOCOCOCJXTCMGO^O »o -h O CO to iO CM r—i r-H CM CM TjT tH rH CM rH H rf HfiCi . ^C5CMiCTfCO^OOC5COHO^ X OiOiOXCHUHOCR^COO X 2 a £ o> cl rH rH rH rH rH CO G> CM I'* CM -h'C 0 cm" co cm' oT CiCOQQr^HCMiOH'NCOH iO CM r—1 CM • 2 a; 'S 02 CO rH “ a *0 a> to 0 C2 5 & ai CO O C> H CO • • • rH rH • rH * 05 02 rH rH ... . 0 0 a • • • • fl CL +-> CO • • • . 0 H MCOiO(NOO)HC'lr-iCiO»^IT X fl Hl^t^t'CHOlOXOI^H^ Ci CO Ci lO TH Ci 1- CO CO Oi Ci 0 CO fl 0 a> cooci’fcoH th to id ad *d co cm" iO a rH O O^IO-^|AOO^OCO^CMI>C UO^OCOOXOXOTiC 00 X' X CM -* OlOrHOCMCJI^H’T’COXrHl' lO 0 H 1^ 0 0 Tf ccinrf 01c aT co" rH rH -T s 1 1 • • • 1 1 1 1 1 • • •••••••••• • •••••(•«•• • •••••••■•( • ■••••••••a ataataaaaaa • aaaaaaaaaa • a a a a a • a a • a a a a a a a 0> U a 0 • aaaaaaaaaa 0> • a a a • • Tf) • a . . • . > • g :EEi :eeeeee| : O H o^cccCl^ .siecsSsisis: a »—4 >. b ^ ^ ,a)a>a>a>a>a _ ® a >, k. X > 5 a o> '«■ > , >..-»• t-« __ L-fOiffliti 1 >r rH r-t *C SI cS >i OiCOOO HHrl^ CS C QQS^QQQOporid Q CC r^»4-* -4-* W -«-» -a-» «-» HiQOiOiCiCioS CM CM co cO h* *-* 1899. CITIZENSHIP 263 •n e g e 8 so CJi e /O co $ o HH 3 ft H W < £ i—i ft ft ft a £ (—i > o 3 ft i —i w ft « Eh iCrMCOOiNOCOHt^ClH’fCi • rH 1 pH ' OOiX’fCONCOCONCi^OO • co Sh P C £ # 2 p ^ 03 Ph rH 04 • co ft o N '2 je'S a^ft oc5-h“> • • • S flj OJOiCftOiOiMHtMMaJO XCOpHiOCOdlCOiOiOl^^HH CO o P 03 co QQ h ^ ^ 1 02 03 pH 03 ►H Ph rH rH ■ p ft 04 CO nt< CO 00 CO rH 04 CO H CO • o rj 32 XhOHCOh:OiOHOCCH H* P •rH CO 03 H «H P ^H ft P m Q . N*f(M03XH0030NCCH03M 04 pH COHCDOCJHOCOCDHTfiOH cocooi>i>r^ooiaoeoi>aoo3 lO gj iO ft CO rH rH lO CO 04 CO I> ^ CO" CO" rH of 3 rH t—1 i- O HCOO^HHCOCOOiO^COiOM CO * XOhHHiOX^-M^I^OCO OH^COOIO^X^HC^hCI P' -H CO -h IH CO " lO I>" Ol" rH rH H rH tH co ^ A 2 i . ^XOXOiO(N-tX^^POri ao XOXXHhHOOINXOX rn 2 fl ^ a; ft rH CO iO lO 04 5^3 §-^ft of OXCONOOCO^HCOCOOHH lO g 03 P CO HOHClXXiOHt^COOOX OCO^COiOCOOCOhOCOCOC^ 8 co c H H H H H H H H CO P 03 rH £ ft m 03 . "Th ft O'-^onocor^t^r^coiOOH^cOrH co to CO OOiOHCOmCOHOOHiOh fl •pH o P 0 p—i c3 rH P o CO H CiOOCCCOr^rHt^cOt^OOCOI> 04 MC!hOO«5>MC0h0)3)O 04 *p? aiHcocjcocoocoiocoooai ft co oi rH lC CO oi 1C l> lO ^ rH iO fl rH rH t> O coocococococoo^rHaioaa^rHco CO COCX3HfrHiOOLCCOr^cOOCOCC co J Ht^OOC^XHHXiOOlCO^ CO 0C CO CO lO H CN l> 05 CO (35 lO co" t-h rH Eh tH rH 03 n fl C fl . WM'^cOOIiOiOiOlOCOCOf'OrH 03 Haiaicoioo^oo 03 fl £ O’ ft rH rH rH rH H 1 CO t'- o ft rr- 0.2-2 O fl ® ft! 'S 03^ O CO N^iOO’fHOOiMClOcOiCH ao ® 03 P CO OOOOCIOHCOXCOPOX o ait-'HrHasiO^cccocor^ooco CO co a H OJ 04 rH rH rH rH of rH o A £ 04 *—• o i—i ft p ft MOfOXOiOOXXCPNiOCOH CO H 03 CCrHOiOCl^COOCOCOCOlOCOrH co H rH 04 rH rH rH rH rH CO A O P rH PH ft f-H CO P . OHXr^HXHCOOHHTfcOM rH CO I- h O 03 lO 1^ ai ro CM I- H s lOCOCOasrrOOCOCOcOCOOOCC 03 ft co" CO Ol o" !->• lO" 04 rji o" CO l> CO rH r>-~ '—< 04 04 rH H rH H rH Hf O rH ’fCOCOOt^OCOXH’fOC'JcOiO _? rH tT tO CO co lO CO 1- HHI'Orn XOHdl^N'OOCOl^HiOO co P o -H iO co" lO 04" CC lC co" co" 04 co" O iC CO CO Eh rH 04 04 rH rH rH rH rH rH I- rH OQ H cj o 2 P-. >^P lO 0)^^ . p, ^r 1 ^- <13 o> tfl tH aj co c3 sh *h a> C2 Cw ^ 03 03 ^ 5>> r>»^ — J W t-* <2! CS ■O-OOC® 2 o ^ -h « ^ i^OiOOOO hJiOhhhC^ 03 73 W C/3 GO CO , S_ ft, t_ S_ S_ rH P P P P P P h a»03a>pa>a>5^ pr» >■* r"» r% rH. r% ^ >■ 03 H -* 03 -t< -t< -* -* u o 04 04 CO ^ tO CO oj rn - — - - - — S’vg HiOOiCiCiOO^ — 11 o o o o o 0) o a > o Sh ft a) ft H Table XIV. — Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. 264 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, OHOiOCON X C/: X !N rH iO CO m N T CO iO Cl r—* » P C ® i— P« rH rH • o q g o 2 OCOClHrfl^OfCO^'NCOCO ■ CO a> er. f /j r. O 'T M rH M Ti CO lO oo •<-H kO a q & P w a» • cr. i^-foicoiccocirHajocixci CO •r-l ri Xl > *00«OX*r , tCO , T00XCIOi kC a o3 X> CCCOCCXCOOOiriCOrTT hT l» l» CO p. rH fG o N •— o c oSw cS-^ o vs rtj 5 SI H H X C- H lO H X H iO Ol H • • as oo to io a3 q 5 P- • • • « M 2 as CO 00 ^ 00 CO CO rH • rH • • rH • rH Cfj as as GO T C2 r*’ p. a> cc > • »—i • H- Cl O Cl CO 1 C cs O H* a CO »o • o "3 a ic Ci io ci co rn ci as io i- o • q a*fHi^ai^toaocii^ci»o • rji ,fi '^o6o6corir-i*^iP'riPiNT-i co" q lO o csoooocsacsoo^oacocop* • CO • OOOOdCOiOrfOSHOOOCOl^O • i- cC i^as^ciasoocioi^ocii^ciio • kC o H to as as ai r4 ^ id id (ci ?h — r-« x' 0) .p C O O lO Cl O CO >C CO N Cl x -h • i^oasooacOH’Tfcoioci Tf W CO > •rH rH CJ r—t • as • rH q c2 & w q . dcsH'taooHriCoacicoci CO o H q OH'OOaCOtOOOI^Cl’HH'HO as io co oo o as »o (N n 00 csT i—i r— r—< o 5 rH I'* >C CO Cl O Cs Os O Cs H Cl H* H* Cl 1^ • !’• x a p* o x a o co i'* ci as ci 8 HCOCOI^OCOCOC1I^OH , H , C o rH as 00 00 C0 r as rH i>. o ai rH TT rH H rH • ••••••••••■•a • !•••••(•••••• Itlllllllllllt (••••••••••«•• • ••••■•••••••a lllllllllllll* t • • • a> • ••••••••••••a o • i « • • • • i ■ i i • In • • •••••••••<• ^ • c U W jc C3 W (7J 50 W 5fi Of) . : o 2 •(-(-£ Ui u U b u u>o r, x c ^ a a a a a a h >.5 4) a >£ .SoajSojgc: C X XhS « J«r. P^, X Jr, ^ a> 1(5 O r-l 03_ c 2 ' iO 1 c c o o rn J5 •C P* c ' 5 "H ^ ^ cs c^oocooo! 1 ' CS w *-* w ♦-* XOrniO r- M Cl Cl 1899. CITIZENSHIP 265 ■73 o> 3 a o O ■ ^ s> g •73 C <*"S e rg «o g M r' (—( X W h) PQ Table XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. 266 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. lOOCOiOHOOiO-fCO-f-fOOCO • Mri MiCOsO ‘ 00 ' _ 1 CO S- ~ £ . £ 2 £ o a CM • iO CS ^ O * 03 0 73 O 2 73 O 05 U U lO CO ‘OlHCOH • rH • o> rH tH rH • * • • • • CO 73 i a • e ^ £ ^ • • • 03 c3 .a •OJOINH • • • ... 00 s 73 • ••• ••••• 03 a • ••• •«••• ai T3 a, Cj cc O • COinoOh-LCOOOCl-tlOOOHO • © O ’fCOOT'HCOOOJOHlOOJOI • CM o Cw C9COCOt^HOOI^HCDHCOI^^ • rH X! CM CO CO H H ri OJ H (N n • co~ • CM o i rH *t V' X) CO rH 05 O t r- r- (M • c3 OH^'tI^HOOP*H«OH’1'COO • £^ o H N COCOH H ri (N H (N n co CM ' ' CO-fTtit^Ol^HCUOiOCOOCOH CM *- a r* fl • co®inriH .—I( ®o®m co cciom CO a3 — o N '2 OflfliB'S CS-^ « rH O5 00iOCOHH(N • * i-H • CM rH • CO 2 a> rH rH • • • • tO “ a a ® i*( a H-t r-« 73 o> • ««■* r* • H H • • H ••••••»» CO a 73 • •• aaaaaaaa 1 II •••••••! a • I* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 03 n c3 a 1 «• aaaaaaaa a *• aaaaaaaa o co • II •••••!•• o o • HCOiOCOOiOCIiCOCOiNOiOJ • ooa5 ,Q CM CO CO rH H H H Cl H rH CM o COcOiCCOOiOiOt^OIOiiOHOn 00 (NC0C0O00t^t^rt<0505C400»0 cot^iOtoo^^o^TroociOi cO 03 CO o CI COCO H rH rH rH CM rH rH CO H CM 1 . • 00H i- <-* • •• ••••• • CO CO d H H • • rH • • • • • rH o 73 * i i «•*(• H o £3 • it o c3 , _ , a. o3 CO o HGOCOO^OOhOCOOOM • CD H C'liO-rcococot^iMdiCac-TOJ • iO o3 iOCOOOlNOiOHHOHO^CO • O rO ~r CO CO CM rH CO TH CO TH CM rH • iO t o HCMiOHHt^CCtOHHCOQiOH O-ri^CCC'JH'X'TOHCOOX 05 CO 5 tOlOOClHlCr-lHH'NOHlC rH o "'T £^ CO Co" CM rH CO "'T CO* TT CO CM rH H rH aaaaaaaa ••••«■ • «•••••••••••• aaaaaataaaaaaa at*aa*aaaaa*aa • aaaiaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaataaiaa 03 aaaaaaaaaaaa at 03 • a • • • • a a • i a • a aa*aa***aaaa a a > £ *73 X 03 * 73 X X 73 X X **-•*- 35 ; U* u u u L+ L* rz : c ®gcjaj^ ;a:cacscsa3cs c ^ a> a> .a>a)a>a>4>a»ar3 »—* 03 Under 5 5 to 9 ve 10 to 14 15 to 17 18 and 1 20 years 21 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 years Unknov H CITIZENSHIP 267 T5 a • rH a o o l •Ki • -*o e ss s e ■o $- IS CO rC •c* 1 s 4M •<>> G £ Ph H P3 W E> ft ft G ft G £ t—i > O ft Pm i—i ft i-5 ft < Eh OiOJHiCOCOTfOSCOCxNOiHH CO ,1. r- l, thhCONn.-OWMOiOiOO r.J «h S r p • a)P?o)ft T—1 CO +j'o fl-pp °S-S3“ 1 • OO^OOCOOGJ^iOCiOH^ iO CO 0) rH’toi'fcoiococoai-fMOco CO CO iO Tp CM t— 1 r—1 H H CO 04 rH M P GO 03 hH CM cS P COHHCOHOiCMDCOHOO) CO H CO Tp CO t—ICOCOCMCOCMCM t^OOI>CO rH & t-H 03 p <4H o3 r-H Ph of C/3 Eh CO«OCOHCOCONOCOCOC4CliOH rH R i^CH^HNNOCO’fiOOCOCO CO o3 COrJ't^OOOOOCOt^fNCJl^O o P HCD iO CO" t-H ci Cm" Cm" tP~CM~ rH r-T oT P CO o 0005t^H^iO(MiOCO^iOOOC^C^C^ iO OONlOlOHHHHCOCOiOClO CO cS t^HHcocoa5C4Loa>i^c4a>cj CO +j o Eh T^VcOCOH cfc7c7Tj^COH h CO n P P C -fCDCOCOasCOlONCJOJ^HOJH Ht^l^COHHl^Oil-t^t^COt^ CO © P ^ 0) p HC4COCO CO P _, O N •<-* -t-’H p-rjp °§5-i” rH COiOHOiOHd^(NHCOHC4 • o co (MiOTfi^cca5ioco^oooo CM TP o3 o p Tfl CO cd C4 T-H rH H(N 04 rH oo p CO G r>- CO !>■ Tt^ CO 00 (M CO GO CO 00 00 t-H 05 iOIscOiO(N'^r > *COCOOCOCOI> 05 O^OOOOCOGOC4»C05(NiOC4CO 00 -4-* o 1C I> CO ci rH r« 03 rH T-H a ft ft o p lOt^CMOcOOCMCOCOCMOCOCO CO GO OCOCOCOl^COOGOuCHCOiOO Tp Pm rH t-H t-H CM rH rH rH rH rH iO o c3 T-H Pm A 1—1 03 • WU3-)'OHOOHLOHMNf1i(3H CO P OOOOOCOCO^iCCOHI^OCDO I- Eh P CiCMOiiOOiOXCMCMiOiOCOO o P 00 CO rH iO CO tH CO r rf 1C ad ic CO rH I- 2 rH rH I- G CMCOOHOiCCOOHCOHOI^CO TP HOCMHCOiOOOHHOOX CO cC CCCOCOOI^fl^^rHOiO^I^CMiO CM 4-* Q O'- CO CO CO rH HJ1 iO id O) CO "H 1 " CM 00 Eh rH rH CC 2 03 . GO GO GO h ^ ^ c3 o3 o3 O' 03 0> K“« £►* r>4 ^ , p a Hm'C oj CM CM CO o o 9 ? o o o +-* +-* 03 P^H-> 4-- 4-» OiOOOOHiOO H H H CM CM C3 CO U 03 > o 00 GO GO 5h Jh 03 <£ 03 r3 0> 03 03 £ k» r^» 'W'* £ 1"0® [5 o o o ^ 4-> 4-> 4-» ^/V »C iC IO lO hm CO lO PC M o '5 a; o fl P* o Jh 03 H ^68 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. TJ O) 3 a • rH h-> a o O I •<-n c-i C$ ** CO <^r -O •S. o > 1 —i X » H % H •c (V c o o o £ t-H 05 o H w D ft W o HH > o « Ph OiHiOOil^l^COClHXiCaiH • • _i • 05 ^ P 8 ^ JiSisajp. • rH •3-C S'43^1 0 S^o 00 ■ 1 • • 22 a; iCOOrHO^cOOiOt^CiCl^OiO • O C^l r- ?l »f M O O 03 U ^ • <£> 3 • £ 03 CO iO rr 04 T —1 r-H <® fl a « of 1 cS a ” ft 03 «TH £3 coaoo4cocoaoo405i^rHcO'-t 03 TH •rH iO P .p OS & £ CO 03 • ONOXOXCOXHH’tXl^H rH C ooxio^rooxoco^urH 05 •*-* OS »C CO tc CO (N ^ »C ‘>D H Cl H Cl CO fc £> coib^rc^H HHNMoirt 0 CO 0 i^i tc c • • rH* O 1 1 £ ^ Ph Pi • • • • CS G * ,P CO u0 CO ^ CO rf iC 1^ O iO CO t-h 04 • • • t-h • t • *> j X • • t • t • • rH .P rj oS r-H • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CO r- ft 0) CO > •>3 • ajoixicoc4icoxtox»oo • G OlUitOTOlOOOOJMCCTOt-. • rH 0 $ 53 oS OiCOOHiOTTrfOiOCXN^ • TT £> CO lO iC COO>COHI'0)^XC4 • 0 03 o5 G w 0 CO 00 CO 04 r-H f-H rH 04 rH • CO . ® p • rr rH 03 •H 5 A •f £ . 1 v fH 03 r-H rH lO lO 04 * 05 •rH f“H <04 T”H CC • pH P oS p CO • O O CO C 0 X C« O iO O H w CO OC 05 O 04 CO IS- r-H 1^ CO O rH X 04 CC G 0 H oS pO HXI'^XhOhhUOIHM I- 0 05 rf 04 1 — 04 CO r -f CD TH 04 t-h CO 0 r-H 0 NHOO^TfXlOHlOH'DXOl 05 O 50 X CO 05 CliOOl^OiO -r oS O »H x O 0 04 H CO CO rH H 50 CO CO O 04 0 Tfi 04" rH CO r Co" -T I> rr 04" rH o’ H rH t-H • ••••• • (!••• • ••••• • ••••• • ••••• 1 1 1 1 1 • • ••••• • •••••• • •••••• ••••••■• • •••••• • •••*•• 03 • ••••• • •••••• O • ••••• .[h • • ••lit .Cl • .G * zf. ' pr ' <*j : • •«- : * O O X X 00 X 00 • fc- *- S$ * u t- fc- Urn S-, §£«?>. : * >■< 5 m • r Ci 3) c) O ^ »— 0) iO ^ x t- -T ^ ^ w- ■ - _ ~^w;-r-r-r-r C q < Mr^'C - NCJCC*r»AC ^r- ^ 05 ^ r* _ , 00 > r* P.P O +-* +-* G P *Z* +-• *— «-» OiOXOHiftOiCiC^iCr ^ ^ ^ M ^ ci CC CC -T 1C - CITIZENSHIP 269 J. os CJ> C rC os S O Y*’ I—I X! w h3 « *4 270 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, n x> o o • e s e so V Ss « Si .8* M X w « O 03 0< X o 'S 3 'd a> tn O O a Other and un¬ known citizen¬ ship. COCO ^ d oj — o H asio^oixxoi^'oo’toco CO '•T 1 O OI rH OI X lC r sC CO d O^C^HiO^H’^Tf’fCOOONC 'O a> S-i js o a *3 4-» o Eh s- d o a si a j3 . & O Cm o.d W iflt'cox«03ioxa!'feocoi 'tt'Oi'toiwrt-tcjxiOucac X d> d x X c d 2 hh Ch co Tf u- r-4 oi oi so o i> d oo OI d H H rH o3 X '-O O - - -so co as r " hCIMH: i-T of of »-7 > O O I " CO X iC co cc OI s c H tCOOQiCXOOO^f’t: •tociooocioxo' X’fCOC'U^XOHrHCi! > ^ O 1 • OI ^ > OI o I OI OI *-H lO OI 00 00 s iC OI 1C CO cS u. 0) « : • ■£ *- . x x c i > lC n L: oo 2 Q) , >»& £ £ £ £ £ E-s o3 o3 c3 cj c5 c3 n u o cj oi a) 3 >. X >, >. >i -H X X r* ^ o -r -r d ^ t- q d cj m ci« 4 id o 5- d • o o o c o ^ — w — — — - >.*d i^OiCXOHiCOiOiC »c »c ^ ^ lO rH rH fH Cl Cl Cl CJ X *T 1.0 W 0) o d 0) H 1899. CITIZENSHIP jf c cc iT ©> s -O 3 i—i X « H « H Eh < PS < o < H £ < 02 C w o £ Id PH ^"f’fONr-O’tONHQOH • r— 1 ' -H ooNHco-fT^aicoiococoi^co • 02 (- a c a COCOHiOCO(NiOt^iOOOlOC^(M • 02 Othe and u know citize ship t^h rH • cd 52 a; GCOiHCOGC^nCOMcDOiOOi • lO CO M lO N 05 CD O X CO Oi 05 O • ^05 d 73 O’r^ocorHf'Xiioo^H •LO 72 rj r. „ ^ r. 1 r. a ® rH rH rH rH • X 72 £ d D • d 43 CCONHOOCC'IOOSCOC'JNCJ • 10 a 73 'fC^COOCH(NiOOOO^^(NH • © d •rH HNn rH 02 D d «HH d rH f—< d d 40 CG o Ph OCO'sOiOCO^COOOOfNiOiOCC ^H X rH 03 CO N CD CO CO 00 05 05 X lO d a5HH05TfOHXi^Tfrroco CO ,0 © of oi rn^Tfd of o cd © co oo © a H OJ 0^ H r—l rl r-H T-H r-< rH o rH coDXxr^05ioojioxi^ooH © * ’H-riO'tCOCOOJt'r- CO © X x> I- oc^050JDJ-riO!NOiCioiC'0 rf COlOHCOOO^hHNXH CO CO 2> H N Ol H r-H r-H r-H rH T—( © H rH C- rn • OOJH , 05X^fXHHOU^XX • OXCDH-XiO-HXiOXH-fOJ • © S-h d Cj iO ® a ^ aj d CO.-r HiOiOHXHDOlOHX • CO o N- a e'-C-C osSS* os-^ o rH rH H OJ H CO Ol • oT rH lONHOH*D^H00505t^CDH H H H ^ CO X H H D O iO N i.O ©iCC0©©C0©C0©t>rHt^02 1C 2 03 d 73 02 iO rH HH r-H 02 (N CO Ol 00 a ^ rH d 73 03 . r-H A CO CO CO lO Tf O rt< X CO H rt 4 • iO Ol O O- CO O ID N CO H X CO • © d :n 10 a rH 04 OJ <02 02 02 OJ 02 W d r—' d 02 d d O 02 H CiOiOXWO’tH'DPHNbCO CO d OHOiO’t^HCOXXOlCOH OCO^OiOiOOiOCOH(NNCO 02 © .2 h in cd o co r cd o oj rn x o ic cd X rH 02 02 1—• HHHHH rH O rH XC2COC2 050iD'^H^-fXOH lO CO 00 05 CO H CO CO 02 H t'* CO CO • iO OXCOCOXH^C2COCOCOOH © +-< o H cd ud cd rH i>. r tjT cd i> id t* »d ^ -d © rH 02 02 r-H HHHC2H X rH ^ H '. 02COXiCiOiOCOiDOO)XH^ • rH N lO N X X CO X CO H H N Cl lO • t-- £ a £ S d t^XDJ005CO^X02HiC^O • lO tn *c 2 — .a Og-S’S" H 02 02 rH oi 02^ 02 cd CO of rH • r- 02 CO rH Ol CO <02 02 lO ^ 02 lO X t- lO' r-H © a £ TfCOCOTpHXO^^fiOcOH 02 ooiowoiCHSi-ii'ioaiM © «= a 02 cd 02 rH rH 02 02 02 Tf 02 cd' rH 02 a m d o d fH C0C0O05C0C002C0C005C0XC0 • rH a 73 05H05l^0liDD02HOHOH • 02 'T' CO H t-h 02 CO CO CO CO rH © •rH -H Co d o d CO d d r— < 02 d o OXHXCOCOOHH00502iO^ rH rH 05 -- f^COOl'COOM^HOlOl X H d OJ^HOOiOiO^HCONX^ lO a; rH rH CO 02 -f O id 02 H d H cd 00 a 01 ^ 02 n 02 02 02 CO 02 rH © o 02 rHXH© CO 0>OC00302HX©10 © ©O-f-HI-l-COCOCOlCl^rH-r CO rHrHCOCO©XCOlOCO*-H02COrH lO +-> o H cd rH T-H rH cd X lO H l - CO id X CO 02 10 iC 02 rH 02 CO 02 -H 02 rH 10 CO (-. Oj 5 £ =2 lO » 0) 05 *§5 6 iO 73 X t-. S-. d d U 13 73 (h 3 i> Xt >* >•&* GO (/} OQ ® K Sh *H ?H t-H S-l ^ d d <33 d r2 ■ ii -ii H 1> 13 13 13 >• J>» X >« >•« ' r^. *_ -h © --h ~h -h -h T-i r C 03 0 s ! O (H d 0) A H '«4—* -4-* +-* 4—» 4—» 4—* r^< , OiOOOOHiOOiOiOiO io ►- H H H C l Ol Cl CO CO UO GO ^ 272 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 64 >4 % H CITIZENSHIP 273 -d 0) d d »H d o O I **o « s e <^r o e if oo e iO 00 S .M > t—I X w d » •< H OQ 03 13 a o> A * P bo '© o Eh t* p © a °g* p a & g g. •rH j-< h .h aj O TfOO^CONOSH-fCPCNOiO HHH CO CO iO CO 04 rH CQ 03 £ GO 00 £ rtg. ^HOOO^JO^COO^HCJO H H H r£ QQ *8 03 Oh CO ouo^o^NoiMaiaHOO H H HHHHfOlH OS d P o 04 • H H H CO iO CO 04 Cj -H> o Eh ^NCUOt^HOiCHHiNCOO t^OC003^DC0'fi0^ f 0NOO rH 04 rH rH rH HF c ~ ----- < CO iO 00 iO CO 04 03 rH 5 ’*j o o o I ◄ A < d o ◄ H £ H CO &H O W O t—I ► o d (d GO a) "3 a © +n> •rH d £ P be • rH © >- O Oh H P © a dO +H< 'O o q & 0 ) Q, §sS o4Tt^OiTft^t^i>t^a5a5T^ouo rH04 04COCOC005t04>05^rH g a? £ «2 x rt rj S M ft iC CO c rH CO C >cocoo4005ooaoo5cotCi )05l0XOHH05^I>i0 HCOOUOCOOCD Ht^Ol r—T of of CO of r£ GO *£ aj ft C/3 COOCOiOOCDOXOH^OH O4O4^rHt^iOO4C0^l>C0 rH 04 04 t*i 04 03 •O £ O H lO i '* f O 04 CO X N X H CO H 04 rH rH t—H tH o Eh 'HQ000Q0T OOCOCO^t^t^t-r^OO^COrHCO rHCOrFl>05COCO^ CO'rjTcO irf CO rH Other and un¬ known citizen¬ ship. QiOO5t^rHrHt^O5t^C0C0COO5 OOJt^iOONXHCOiO^^Tf rHCOCOtO^O^TfoOCOCOCOCO rH 04 rH 04 rH 12,947 ONHCOCOXCOiOXiOOiOiOH 05 X 03 HiOCOCOXOXCOOHOiOO tO p X rH04COCOi0^0405C00004 03 X rH rH 04" 04 CO 04" tj7 +-> rH > . d iO^HiOtC^C0O4rHO5C0iCO5C0 • 00 GO rH CO CO ^ 04 05 CO 00 CO CC Tf • CO • rH rH 04 04 rf 04 l> •rH £ • 03 cj • rH o & «PH m • r-H a3 • ’fi00JX'Ht^N04H05 0 JHO • 05 -H £3 "H 4 rH rH rH L'* Tf lO CO rH rH « o • CO Eh JP « 3 • O » • • XHI^C0 0)05041>i0OOH^H CO i0l^C0H’HOH040lH-f0405 04 Cj H 04 iO CO 05 QO GO 04 CO CO 05 CO CO 00 o Co" lO CO CO rH oT Eh 04 ao *H ^ £ iO Q3 *H ^ a> 05 r-» X Qg x fH 2 03 H © 03 a> ^ 246G2- -18 £mS o g p-» oj go or: f-. f-< cj cj a> a> 2 ^ 05 £04 04 9 ° ° X CO Sh Ph a 3 cj 03 03 Jh 03 > o a? a? cj cj a> a> r'* rH. P^# rH. r^ H H H H CO Tf lO to O O O C »0 CC' OHIO rH H OJ 04 04 O lO . . _ CO CO rf 1 C CD CO r-1 o CO 1C o TH iO to 04 00 TfH CO 05 05 TH rH I> co' CO IO ■*r 04 CO CO CO iO 04 03 o a •rH > o frH Ph © A Eh p lC 1C 1/5 274 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. CD 3 O O s> •~5 C-5 e « 5- =o <55" C?4 e co ss ^2 M • c*~ -*o X Ed H PI M2 02 02 t-i o o o o w o < H £ < CO &H O Ed O Z CO 02 'C . 02 (H o c H o = ^ o a r: n n •— tS'c 2*n^ O fl 5 £2 « ^ Si* « ^D t—( Tj* CO i N CCCCr-i - > © *D> ^ X 05 05 rH r—i H rH 04 lO 5 o 2 x x c rH a> ~ £< © X 00 lO’fNL^^HiCiCH t/2 CO CO 04 HCOHN c3 £} O^COiNOOO'OOOr-O-^ OihOCOONOOOhOIOO H^CX^^iOiCHrfOOO rr l> *C CO~ of rH C0~ TjT rjf © of of o H C5?OI'»e<5lfta0eO5Dr©l'-35rH COCOCC^I^COr—I r- H TJ -t C-l C HM03)1"tOSH'ftSOO •H i> t> eo cvT i-T os ■’3?' H" co'^nco" cn s- c c n . — — O.^I’S C ^L r~ +-> n-< £ ^ CO a3-* « lNOt'OCCOMO«C'-t' 02TJ , rr<0S027-iL.'5i—'--C2~rc0'—‘ i—' I CO O 05 © 02 t-m S 02 7 i £ 02 -i P. X- "f ^ O CO i—IC0U502 H 04 H r-< 5 CO 05 '•T 04 rH NCJXCOt^XOiCCOiCNH 0505 OHWOSC'O'sSOSOOOTf O rH 04 rr t— c r—' 05 GO lO rH CO n CO l> £>r co" of r-f of CO 00 © TjT co~ of iCGCC0iOr^iOiOC0O5CCC5-? i>~ co~ of r-T co~ CO co~ CD © lO* of I ^ I t- p —> £ 0J5%Op, XV,a‘Z A O fi 2- ® XNHCi^0105X'fCO.O^ H U X "H CO OJ W C'J r- — i-0 O', HHTTOCiO g 0) 2 (M X fH pH a 02 X0501iOI>COCODCOiODOJrH 04 rH CO 04 rH 04 CO rn lO C n CJ ^ C rn iC 05rHrH050504lOCDt^004GO'T rHOJOiOwiCHwOOrH^ ocf rjT TjT ©~ t? 7 of o' of |>T of CC ©T HjT f H- O X m X X O CO X C CO o 1^ H- O w O I r . CO O- 05 04 05 04 obocoo’Ocoio^odho 00 rjT tjT of CO of |> CO cT X~iO ! og m E* • x x x x x x ^ ' h L - 'fc-l_Ufc-fc-fc-r X § j h c 5 y ( ^ O 1 ci cj cJ ci cJ C- r : v a> a> 9 9 P £ ^*cS 1C p Fh >»05 • >• >5 >*>»>. >“« ^ ^ 05 -r -r -r S hO 4O4C0^^C cj ^ooflpoooeoo? fi^OiOXCr-iCOiOiCiOiO H-’lCr-HrHrHO4O4O4C0C0'O , lC^D 1^ 04 04 iD X r X lO X o 04 o lO X to o lO 05 ccT lO 'O LO 05 04 X to o X 'O a Dh o CITIZENSHIP, 275 0) p a • rH C o Q >5 ho e 8 8 e V s o e «o e >5 O r< CO s M O i K. HH X w p M c o p o H si P GO MOOiOO!N«Si«OQONOi COt'riOWMOOOltCItfflH HflWH rH O} ‘H ad'oTH'o t-To” co o ■"" — - ) ^ (M i-i I CO iM i oj -*-» O H ^Ci^c^^ooo^r^ioooascoH vOn , O^COC^COI^COCOCO(M^(N HiCO)’^X>?Da>COl^'^OCO rn' cT ccT t>T co cT c^7 ocT co^ c^f COiOiOdrH t-H d d CO Jh ^ O 05 fl2 & LO co ao H H. CO Ht s 0) >» * rH rH r O oofl 03 02 03 03 03 02 ^ M h h t, (h 13 c3cS-^ 'CjciaicSojcifl a) a; _ .aooooiiSg w ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ >4 to £ H ~f< 05 >H fH O 03 d d CO hj< x£ko cC g poooooop5 — K«-f-> -*—*-♦—> -4—» -4—* -4—» pHiT? O lO X O H lO o lO lO lO lO ^ HHHCSMC^COCO^IOCO^ c^oocOTt< 05 .1 _L L^-fc^'^oim^’fcoicoor- P __ rs N .r7 g'-G-G ° glrs “ Cl ' • H^iCHO^Ht^OCOCOXiC IO 2 a) X)a5(NCDai^CO r-H t-H r S 00 £ p d ou^xh^o«5ico5Xhx^ d a>T?i>a>a*^oooiorHi> Tt< p Tf CO CO rH CO CO I> 05 O l> O cd CO’ rH Ol Cn tH rH rH t-H G iO o rH CU^CO^XOHO)(NOiOXiOO o • X'fiot^ciHC^t^oociajoiCri c3 0005C0C0C0rHC^iCC^t^C0^O 00 4-s iO 1^* lO cf j> r^XOH co" T-H CO Tf CO H H N H rH rH rH rH CO rH u a cs p . OOr^tNiOr-l^utiiCiCi—ICOCOcOi—1 Cl NOOHHMCH'OOXOX rH a> p £ HOcot^c^HOC5 lO OHO^XNO^COiOrf^H CO co H Cl d ^ hH Pi rH . 00 X , fOH 1 COHCO'HC3COOiOrH oo o S d rH rH H H CO H iO 0 r-4 oS rH ◄ HH a3 o p CO H H £ • COC5COrHOOCOt>-rHUOCO^Ol>0 COQiCOHOHt'XX^NXH o d 05 c3 COOhI’OJCOOHO^OCH^ oo 0Q p iOCOxOOilOCOI>od05 50ofiC(cf iO G rH C4 C4 t—1 H a rH O w ^LOHXXCJOiiOiOiOCOHOCH lO • i^aiiO f «ocoHoaiiOHHcoxH H o d diOiOOHOHXOCJOHd CO 525 -4-i O 05 CO O CO CO CO O t-h 05 (M CO CO CO hH H Cn Cn H HHHH CO > H rH O « H oci^cor^c^ococoTHci05 05io rH n G p G . iOrH(NifjHCOCOCOC5iCt^OO lO ®3Mp WiO^(N(NHiOt»iOOO«OiO»0 CO ,d . co n »i-h *3'c g-^p o g 3 -p ® (S'* O CO NCOiOHiOO^OiOfMOJHt^H 2 Cl CO a> o g ’t> o H a a> ,a H Table XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. 276 ■REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CU1SA, 1899. <1> > r+■ o > u c ~ c . o - ^ g a £ 72 2*r^2 °gS-s“ CCr’I'XCDOCQOOOOOOHiOi -- < LO 1 C c~- X*f OlOCOHi • OO iO CO I 1 » c £8. r-’NMO^rOXNO'.CCMCH c a a> OidO^rirHCCCOCCXCOH NiO»CiCNiCCCXOC5CCO^> Cl C CH" X M X CC ri iC C5 COXr-K005G00C^C5»H00C X^^C^GOCOrH^COr^iOoTiOCliH c H I^X^iOiO(NcDWXCltO^^(N M C X d o x Cl X lO r- od co o co rjT ic" ic' aT ic" c^T r-T CO C3 a © © > 55 *— © £ 3 p. _ S' .— o cg«“ si ^ © oc ci oc io -r i X -f 05 CO (M ri ■ '^’fXOCOH SS o « c a v £ A COI^COiOXXOiCr-iC'fTHH CO r-t 1C CO CO 1> 00 T—l GO i-H 05 CO »—i CO Oi-iTfr^cocod I'* CO GO CO r-t »—■ C!®fC0Hin’tr.HO«Nt'O -15!ClOrHr.Min!NOX*(N!0 O Cl lO O P* X'* CO 05 rH r—< iO •—i 06‘iOCOlcTco‘r-rCO"Tf*TjT oTiO Cl" r-T CG^COtOt-^OI^iOOOCO^OOiOCD C«CXCJM , 1 , OOI'*iOt^iO'iOX ooGOGOT? T7< CO GO GO CO Cl 00 x^ Cl 05 Cl ci" 00 o H © 2 9 © d x: o n Og^-3“ HXGOOrHClHCOOlOlOlOClH X'* OC 05 05 GO CO 05 05 r-H X"* Cl GO Cl H Cl T—l r-iHH ex 2 cx GC r- O ClXHOCU^CCOHt^^iON uCCOOOCOi-HOOClt^OCOOOiOT—l ClnXl^^HCOdCCiOCl a & -fClrHt^lOCOdt^X^r^r-lCl I^i0 05XCCCl^COCOCOCOri Hdri 'Or-05XXOP*Cri050XHt^ O5cor^acc0T—(CO^0Cr-(O5i^GO CMCOrHl^t^^rHCCHdCOX iO 05 CO »—t GO CO t"* rHddr- oioxoiod C005I^O50ClC00CG0iC0505C100 C O ’’T f-r»r 1 C w5 I.C X 05 X Q O cio?OrHci050iOacooi^ii5o5 x- cf oc" cT i>" co" oo oT cT oc" © 10 " cf tH CO Cl iH rH rH rH CO lO 05 05 CO oo CO 05 05 o oo 8 o. x-~ GO 2 ci o G£ GC GC c3 u 5 ' aj bl a> 22 2 fH W X ~ * a gj r^» ***■» ki r^* r'l rb 2 a> -r -r -r -r 2 cj CO ■’T iO 50 a* ^oocooo? r*V Cj Cj cj Qw o .?g - s -2 f ''■'Z u. •& ^ocg ~ O <-> cS ► ^oicccoHicoioinifiiCht ►JiOr-li-Ci-lC'l'MCtcCCO'riOtCl-' - °i r o a -14 © o a •H > o I- p. © H Table XIV .—Citizenship by aye, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. CITIZENSHIP 277 Foreign white females. Other and un¬ known citizen¬ ship. (DCOl-OOHCDaiC^-^^WCOCOH 443 In sus¬ pense. OuOHHHCOC'lOJOiOOlCOO T—iC^O^T^COCOCOCOr—liOOO r —1 r—1 CM t-H TOI‘1 Spanish. HH h h iN h 126 r* 5 5 IOHHHH CM CM i— i CM 197 Total. ^OiOHHCOOHHlOCOI^^H XI'^OOCCiOO^h'NmiNX rH H(NOJCOfNr -1 1,867 Foreign white males. Other and un¬ known citizen¬ ship. COCOC^OJWC^iCl^ChO’fQOC^ rH CM rH CO rH 1,360 In sus¬ pense. COCMH«t^QCO^O>COt^COi0^t< H^OSOOCOHdiOHHOJO HMrHCC^COiO^fTfrH HHClH 8,789 Spanish. H^iOOOCOOJOidOiClOoOO HHH ClCOClMOJTf h rH CM rH CO rH 1, 201 Cuban. CO CD Ld iO IC 1 iC rf CO CD CO • rH CO HH • • • * • t * • « t • t • i • • CO G5> Total. CMCOCOCMiOCMr^QOOOCMCOOrH GC Ih "H* Hf 1,0 CD 05 H H CD CD D1 -f HHdHOC5l>*Ht>*CDCl HHHCOH 11,446 Total foreign white. Other and un¬ known citizen¬ ship. HOOJGOiOcDHOOOdHcpiOC^ CDiOiOCOiOCOOWlOI'XOrf CM CO CM CO rH rH 1,803 In sus¬ pense. Oit^iOGOrHOJCOaOCOCMCMGOO M H i6 H H CD Ch 'D X CO 1' X CD HHCMHCOiOHNiOiOCM rH rH CM rH 9,890 Spanish. H CO iO CO 05 X X H ^ O H CM H CM COiCOiCHiOH rH CM CM CO CM 1,327 Cuban. CMCOCMOt^CM^ *—i X I o o H >—i H £ < in Pl O w o *-H o a w 0) *5 g o> O' »M o o o ^ i fl £ . ^ 3 £ 0j & ^ *t3 9»h ^ qc r;-H ^ «^Hl>05’fC051 < HXC0Cl^ OCOCCO^^l'C'IOOOJOO T— rH OJ C/3 O 5 W « c c ° .H n. coocooiowioa)oi> TT t}* CO rH rH i—( C'J r— OHCO 02 Cm CO Tf COOHH .e rH 5 CCGCrH^l^OC^’-f^f’n < GOCCa5lC ic oc ’fdcoc'iccoocMx o\ -h (NWHiOCOOi^OHl>iOCCO i> of rH io co t-T co io icf od io co of o H Hco~rooTtf of rH iQ CO r-T CO iO~ iC CO iCf CO of /. a; a> Sh o o o i«c?c . O Si2*g “ iOt-hCCI>OJO “ a S2. OOCOHt^C^iOXCOCOHCOTf CO ^ ^ rH o3 Cm CO lO N ^ OOI^«^XXOn(NXX05Tj( CO Cl X CO O C I.C H X O uC C5 H C^NiOTTXiOC^XriCOt^COO l> ofrH Tjfoft-T COCOxfl>^r c COXt^iCXOTfOCOifl005« I- of rH TjTcfrH CO TjT tjT of t-T p r Li r o 2 is 3 d 73-0 2-^2 °g^-3" XiOO5’HrHrf00(N^I^COX(N(N HCOO(NOOCOiO(NO^COH rH T-H r-H r-i r-i CM CO Ol CO CO CO ^ o X a a> £s OX05NClHOHCOOHTft^ 05 CM rH CJOJ^CSr-1 M (H O f—' 3100 HN J 25 O O X rH r —1 aJ H g »-H 0 zn HXXI^05XOOiCOOHX05 05 O Ol >C CO X Cl iC X 'M H* Cl c HM^C5nHOX(NOCOOC '^i&C*0*tOCQt>GOO*tOC>tOGO r-i CM 04 hh o H rx o 05 H C O h H lC Tf H 05 30XOiCiCX(NHiO(NCOHn CC0O5rH^iCWOJiA«t^C0rH -f »oofo to co"i>»~oTof© o"© tjT rH O'! 04 rH h n jo ' K K H ' Of} CX rfl cfl C/2 nj m «, Ih U Ih £ x si si £ | cc c: ci si si £ O Cl> .SlppjUV "*55*S38; C* 005“00 C ■♦■* ■** G5 -rr -r- -«-» w i; ^oioxoHiooiQio PiCHrtrHCJOJWCCCOH' ? c: 33 o o t 3* o P ♦m SS o >H *H 24 rH »M S3 CO o CO cm CO CM o CO 10 CO 05 Tf © o T*H 05 10 © o (M CM rH o CO © o o CO rH o CO cm o TH CO CM "’H CO 10 o to a> a P •M > C l~ CL __ CJ ^ b: X Table XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS. CITIZENSHIP 279 CO^OJl^'N^OiHOO^O^ 'X) i i l'*OSl»CO'Nn't?OiCOiiOC001 n C c C CO Othe and u know citize ship. S rH q; IH & H • c3 O^Mt^cDasiOHOlHHCOCO^ H rj 03 CO H CO r-i PlH^lOr- CO q 04 0) rH «+H oj r _ l a d m o H % OI^^^COCO^JNCOHLOCOCO H MXC0iCX’fW?O05XWHl>- H O^^OJ^CCOHOJIOOOCO 04 .0 CO d H O • ^'voasaiHOcoc^oirfii^ciiN a* O CO O Oi 00 05 lO lO * X -JO rM H c3 COOOOl^COHCOHOOHCO^ +2 H M r1 Hr—1 rI t— 1 rH iO Eh H tH d s s . NL^OI'NiOCOCOCOCmNGOiOOO uo O OC I» CO CO r -1 l>i 05 O l>* O lC ^ co H H OI H H mj'O S'rtcC o « S £ ® c3^ o H ^lOCO^N^hHHCDiOiOl^ Oi 1^i-h000500C0OIOIO0COIC0^ lO H(NH oi co co ^ co h CO " d of d « a a GO 0) . cZ c* OI GO COiOiCCOCOnl>.OiOHiOHrt H d CO d r-H c3 c3 -*-> o a CO H ^^lO^COOHI^WOCOOJH CO rn i^oi^'^’fioooco^oajooaso^ lO 33 US U3 CO CM 00 r-< L.O CM i-M H a H H H o H 5 * ooocoaic^xc'wcococoo Oi • tiOCOOOTiO’I'Hfflt'OO CO NOJXOO'vCCOHCONOJrH^N lO o Eh HHr-1 Hr—l H r—i t—> Tf H _L -h 1, HOGOOJI^ONTfiCMN'NiCCO CO m d h d . ^OOiOtOiOCOWiOiOCDOOON -V Othe and u know citize ship HHr—l H H H OI OI H CO H lOXOOHCOCOOOXiOXiC CO 2 o> d 03 ’fNCOXiOOJOHOJ’fOOiC CO CO TJ1 CO H n CO ^ CO GO ^ H 05 CO Cj o ” a Cl^COM^OXOHCOiOOO CO d Cm GO I'OiOJiC^HOOXI^COl^fNH 05 *d H CO o & Cm •— CO cz . ^rf(CJHNCOCO^OHXN^ rr< rj 'JJXOOCOOJOCOiOI^HrtCD CO H OJ(NCCGOHiCXOl^l>OOiiO CO a H JO CO rH ri H C^l H ri CO OI w NONXMOO^CONOiOX co in X » O X T H X lM -f 3 00 o CO iO35 00 35C0l^C0OC0G0C0 31l^ o d co co h - oi C'l of cooir-i o CO ■H • 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 I 1 1 1 1 • ••••(•■••••I 1 1 1 1 •• 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • • • I • t t • 1 < • 1 1 • •••••••••II* • ••••••••••II • ••••••••••■I • ••••••••••II • ••••••.£—< • ••••••••••I ^ 03 >1 .O r'. tM 03 03 Oi K 02 03 03 03 03 H— ' H ’ s- tH a; 1 JH tH U Jh in £-r- • H (O ?! i ~ 1 o3 c3 oj aj os o3 ►>, % a> a> , a> a> a; a; a> a> d 02 33 o o B U ^ 35 Tfl ^ -flt Tfl ^ cm cm oo -r iffi c3 ®ooooooP i *'OiOMOHiCOiCiO'OiO aiOi—I t-mt-iCMCMCMCOCC>''T , iC<0 / Table XIV .—Citizenship by aye , sex, race , and nativity —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS—Continued. 280 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. CITIZENSHIP 281 S> sc 'C o a o Q I 02 O O w t—I p3l £ w I—I o f>3 o N H 33 C> t—I w i-3 « < H 1' O O C 1C C CO Tf lO lO M ^ _L 1 r-H r-H M CO O CO H H lC t-< c *- q . © q & v CM «ft O ^ '33 +-"0 « rs 33 o C 5 35 « 3S O 1 • ' CO C N C Tf iO O N X l'- O w 05 CC 1 ^ • CM CO CO ^ CO CM CM ZC 5& CM © ® fi S c c. I-H ft 0) • H • •COCOH’fCOCXNCir^iO X © 5C • • CM L- -*—< *r- rH o3 02 • « • • • • be . Tf* • HT* • rH • CM rH Tf< -rf< • CM CC *© Fh H 2 iii i iii i CM o 32 iii i £ H iii i O iii i iii i HC0050r}«CO«OOCO^iOHO iO H H CM n H r-i uO CO X ’f CO X 5 rH IO o H n g 5 rt . o> p £ a? a rHXCOXCMrnO^OOlCCOI^t^ o 1 —i t-H r-H r —1 rH X r^ I'* CM rH 05 rH TJ< 33'd 2 •'-' ^3 OdS-H ® COiCiO^H^'fL^OOiCiC^ to 3 a5 n^'^^OHOXNCO'f -r CM CO CO ^ CO th 05 j3 © 50 ^ o TH «— -H s3 tS o. q OJ 33 NHHX-fNXHXCON^O 05 50 rH rH CO rH O O H lCC r—l tH -r- rH Tf< > r^ H 02 to ’© Jh 0 Xf rH CM CM • CM • H H CM • • • • • iii 15 o H ii iii H ii iii O i' i • t i ■ii iii ii iii 0iCHCIt»CiHiC5i0U5 0^ O Cl H ^ iC X C CJ H- CM H lO N CO Tji ^ Tf H fH 05 o CM H XXOHXOlOC-HOXHH riHCMHHHl>050^0’TX TJ1 5 3 ? » a H H H I- 32 _, ft tss "- 33 T3 x — 33 o C g .t3 to oi-^ « X X H H N X O 1- N ^ CM lO X iO c« a3 CMCO^tTOI^COCOCOlOlO 3 x CM CO CO 1C CO rH rH © CM 2 h 5 ft r* . dn'fHiOOHNOOOXiO CM pH 50 rH CM CO rH I’- vO lO O r— rH CM tuc rH iO © o M4 HH 02 r-H cj . XHwCMHCMCMCMiCC^ 'CM i HT i H _o i • H O HXOXrClhiOClOONH iC * IOCMNOOXNhOiCHHO X c2 rH CO lC lO X O CM H -y—* CO • Itftlllfltllt • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • • I • • • • 1 • 1 1 £ 1 ?! to S ; X X X X X X -j ' 3 3 J ' 3 3 3 3 3 S 2 ~ 52 Isassscicicirt >> is 41 ?> a2 © © S) ^*‘2 • P*> rft fft Jft . uj w rH yn . C>J^ l"*_ 5h r* H h'w r ci Cl CO ^ lC O zt n^^OOrPOOOOOOP 33 E-I X Or-'-*-* Cv r^< -♦—' 1 •*—- -f-t k', ►P + "' O 1.0 00 O r3 1ft o lO iC 1C 1ft hJiOi-trtrncyC'iNcocoi'u';;; Table XIV .—Citizenship by age , sex , race , cmd nativity —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS—Continued. 282 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. Table XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF HABANA. CITIZENSHIP X 03 "p a 03 CS O H k pj a ® 3 is --e gs-fl OCg'H® o3^ O 03 N • ©^OOl^CM-^rH^OOCMCO©© ONOOI>005iOCOt" © I- CO COCOCOCMtHtHCO^COiO^CO^ CO iO a> DQ Pi 0) PH COiCI>CO©CMCOOOrHiOCM©©T I^HiOOt^H'NNOOCOHOiO C0t>TtiT^©iOC00000©00©iC < CM 1 rP CO •rH p p Ph CQ p p p o t^'fOiNcoNOri’^tocxas lOOHCOHiOCOOOiOJdOlCO CM CM CM H H H CM H CO r—< HHHOP-XOOJHQ^CJCMH ©©cmcm©coog©hoco^©co HCJCOXOril^r^HCDt^H^ © 00 © »P TjT cm" X>" 00"i>" © ©" cm" o H H^OOOHrI ^ Cl ^ Ol O Cl CM ©©©CMrt" ic" cm" aT t-h" aT rjT of io" co © oo CM 00 CM © 00 Tti 00 CO CM l> of 03 0) o H fn p P p ^ P ^ 03 R • ^ O N '^ 03 rP w °§i2 I «3 C^CiCDHOCOOCOOJCOHiOiCCO H’fOOOCOiOOM’f HX-f COCOCOCMCMrH©©QOCMrt<©Tt< J2 03 P 03 03 p s2. ooio©©i>©t^r^co©Tt<©cocM XOCOOOCCHHiOCC'lOO CMI>©©rHCMOOI>I>rH©©l> cm" cm" cm" cm" cm" fh" rji" io" Tjf I>" CO th" ,P 03 P F-H CO iCC5t^C5HCJXCOCMCMO^H XOCOCOH^iCOCOOOOiX CM CM CM CM CM tH rH p rQ p o iOCOXCOCOCOCMCM~HOOCO©i>TH rH O r-< X X © © ^ O O CM © rH OONiOPOiOX^H^tUhO »o"oo"oo"TfcM"TR"idt>."o"x"^"cM" th" p 4-/ o Eh ©©©©rHl>I>iOOOCMTt©I>OOiO©©©^OOCMCOCO ocfofr-f©'ic'co s c s fio'cfi>' ©*irf cm" CO CO 00 lO CO CM cm" © CM iO to" © CO I> © 00 »o CM CO CM Ph o ^pgp . 2 ^ ^ 03 p 5-0 2-S2 °gi2-S a! CMCO"Hf©GfiCCM S TH S CMCOt^rHT^©00^©00CMCM© -HCO'HT©'©'CO 'CO CD CO"©"r4©"co" rH©©t^CMOOrHt^CM^t , T^©CMrH ©CM©rH©0OrHlTDOO lO rH © l> rH IhCO©iCOOOOI>CO©CO^<©1^ iC CO cf lO rH © r-Tof of T-firf H CM CM th th CM CM CM CO rH rH © 00 iO © CM CO rH i> co lO IO iO 00 © lO CO CM iO u 03 rH x X • £ X p X X X X X R fH fH H fH H P P & 03 p P P P P 03 03 03 03 03 03 >>© r>» fH 03 £> o o »c »o ► ^iOhhhCMOCMXX^iO©^ o p Xi H 284 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. n CD x a o o • (O * C*»3 •*o r 52 C3 x> <^T 2 S o XI a a a u. a; © t*-. © x © < A < X < A £h O H ^-^itccoi^c^c'i-fcococco-r! coeccoic«5t'-i^to i »'^ , o>cio cTto'irj'x'iOworoscci^ec'c^' K ju § 7- £ £ g £ £ _ m o £ C'fJ CS 02 r+ © a . r'’* r^. 'Oif *D © _' »H X ^ .. ' 00 >.-r i'* u *r r- f f t ^ u w g ^ »h »h •© cs Cl d CO ^ .'X hto^xon»o Q»o» Kifloi'Xa^cotc^osi-iccffl • 05 A rH 1 !O*I'iH30MM«T-Hl»rHlCN ■ 1^ t* cj C £j . rH rH r—1 rl r-Hr-Hr-Hr-ii —1 • Othe and u know citize ship • • 1 • • • rH 1 . g 0 OOO^^l'OWOCOl^CiOH • X r- co co co 05 cc co co h co 05 cj^oj^^icxi^wcoioc iO -*-> O H CO X T?1 co" t-h d tH of 0 • I l^CCOCCOiCXCOXOXM • no C r a ■ OXOOJCXOiCCJr'ClCCI • X rH r—■ r—• r—• T— • d -w'C °5^-3 x rH X'OCU^'frfXI^O'fT?CH i rH rfOO^NCH^Cl-Cl 10 rH lC rH 05 lC Cl CO 05 x x cfcfcf • X £ © rl 05 X CCCCOlOrM • • p- Cl ci 1-1 1 — • • X X gj -— cc XOnOOCOClOlCClCOrHXCl lO r T-H 1-^ rl N O'. X -- C1-* C CO CO Cl X lOdCOXXXXOJMNCO'X X pO co" ic" d" tH co" co" 1C d" rH rH X "H hCONOXOHOCOiOXhHd 0 Oir-OOChCOTTCOC Od^MCrHCOCOiCX-^O H o3 05 -*-j 0 H CD x" co" d" rH ^ rf Tjl-iQ d rH cf lO iC^COCOH’^Hd’fl^rrX • •H H C ^ X . CO I- CO n |C i'* x I'- O Cl CO d H* • 0 0 s ? 2 a • rH H-0 3 O O I 5ss *K> •c* •o e ss 'e s? ■o Ei Co *r 5* i«C> 00 s H H M < H £ a j r-t 2 +3 d o O I -< £ < pq < W O 5* l-H O CO CO ^ 00 tH rH tM C* 05 • o h d S d . OiGOOCiOiOTfCO 1^ 0005^-^0 • GO ^NHtMC^HH . 00 Othe and u know citize ship « * • 1 • t • rH i . CDOCOiOCOOt^HCDiOiO(NH • Tt< 2 a) NiCW00MC^C0O •rH d H rH H tP • « oo X3 P * > Oh Cfi Pi tuo . CO •rH p COX'fCOtNHX'Nl^rHlOCSH • 04 i^cocoHco rH H^OiCO^tCOt^HOiCOr^ o 02 02 “ 0 H H H ^ iC ^ P* CO rH co pi £ CO c3 a t—i pp »lCiGC) , 'ifc4 rH H -F H d 0 a . iCCOCOt^(NiO xO 05 05iCOC^C0HCDNC0HH00 04 o d ^ a^ a, HHHHH CO 00 CD 05 CO CO rH rH O0_g.tq'S xO TfN005000t^NC00005HH^ 05 | CO HJ CONOl^HHl^HHOJOHiO rH P 02 HC^N r* . rj OHi0C0C005iCC^C0H05C0C0 CO 02 CO CO 05 iO GO H 05 H »0 GO CO ^ O rH tij •rH rH tH rH l'* O GC rH lO OJ rH TH •rH P «s ^ 02 Sh o c3 pH rH rH iO *4H CC »— < c3 . CO CO 05 Ol Ol ^ CO 04 05 CO rH -*-> rH C4COOHCOC 05 o H H ci H O X l'* rHCO CO H 04 E-t tH iO c» GO fcH ^ 03 03 o> aj K-i t"* 2 Ow t» W K M W tfi Sh M ^ Jh ^ h'C ^ Co P P r~l <*n n) fii n -) n > n > H <12 <12 >h ^ - J iOrtHH04ajai:oco^iO(DH ) ..-r i- . £; -i* a> -* -f -r -* d i’G ---- ' o o r C £ -,+-< +J +J ■>-> +J -t-> t-'.'dj a^ a; X3 i Table XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex , race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF HABANA—Continued. 286 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. ©cmcm©©©©»—• o cm i/c i>« • i i COiCiCCCC^N^©^©^^© • © J— O 0 T —1 r-i iH CO • © o 0 £ o £< JO - N ( rH -w'O 2-rt.fl CCS«“ c— « > • • ( 1 • C5iC© ,, fC5N'fI^NX»C’f'^H © X o 1^ 1^ Cl rH H H CPNh © 2 X X X £ r- C^COCOC^frHrHCOCOCOiCfcOOlT-H X CO cr» ©iccir-<©^t s S a> d WCOCJ^QOXX _c - N - ~-e ®si o C It S-* « CO NMOiCXiC05’fXCl©HN • © 5 d 0 X iO I'* C) H © Ol « = 0 o X HH ^ o — • • ■ •! • • • H CO ** • • tM rH • • •—- • • • iC H X r*H rH • • t i « * • i i i • i • * CO frt £3 • • » ■ • i * 0) c3 (h 0 03 0 a . ©O'fl^X-OrHOXlCi^XH rH 0 O uC 05 H in © © r- 1 C 0 1 gg 'NC0’TPHCO5CrH©©XW OJ .— of CO CO r— — ?— of of CO T— ic 0 Ol o iOXCH^PO(NWOCOX(Nhf X T-H X — “N CO X © lO © © !M coT**©aocj©rHO>^Tjna©J> rH ■g CN CO CO T— h & 5 OCfi-H* £ H* CJ :n-—r't^cM-HXxr^iOi—<»—»—< cc x o m x ci x -r o x m r: o Hn C^CC^iCOOO X Q ? X X 0 0 o a CO r^i^ooir^NWHiOiCHio; CO »C CO © U3 CM CO CO CO » Mcoo»oociXr-f tjT ci t-T icT o'lO X~ Tjf of r-T O H > O CO X r-i i'* C Ww iC ' ~ f I ■» ■ —-*• T tjT v) in' icT io sc «o eo of x - eJ 2 £ *"• « iC Q £ £ £ S S s5 £ 5 § ^ £ £ £ £ w CJ O GJ 1> ££° cS ^ ^ “ « 5 L/S W __ ' X X ?•■ , >.-r I"_ C. *r Cs -r -H -r -? «- o ^ 'C - oj oi rt -r »S <£ - 2 -“oo^ccccio^ 3* C ^ CS r^* 4-* w O r- IT o 1C 1C iC iC S *^o-iojc^coco-r»i5?o^ © © in X © X © CM TT* X 3 *3 r^» **» k^. r^» > r- CC Table XIV .—Citizenship by aye, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS. CITIZENSHIP 287 x O 2 a a> o E-t U £3 a 3 £ O fr, 0^3* ^C^C5^COvCCCOiXi^XO*sC ooicxaixt^osxcxtoos rH 04 04 rH H n h H a? DO d © ft OJiCOiCOOTt«^HI>0X 'vC^xo'^co^no^nion rd CO ft CO ^'OOXCOiONOCOOJMH N N M rH H r- 04 rl 04 rH ,Q d o H LC LC ^ rt M N N lO X HXOHX^Tf^^aiNO^ H H N H tH rH rH tH rH o H 054>C005rHC4X , HHOHt^ClXrt< M X CJ rt 04 04 04 iO CO rH 04 H of 04 O 'OOiCt^r^'Or^iCX04^H04i .-i*.Or-ixo4coTT<'.ooccr^05X Hl^OXiCMCiOO^l'-COH 05 co 04 O 04 CO 05 X CO X O CO CO 04 O CO 04 05iOTf05Xcoor^’roxcoc XOIXO'-OXXOMHXXO CO 04 05 H 04 04 rH rH rH H 04 rH o Eh , CO H H 05 CO 1^ X 04 04 X O ^ rH O •<-< £3 S £j . 2 2 £ O’ &, Hxcooiccon-rx'OHico iO 04 Tf tH 04 H 04 04 rH CO tH hH h* X o fl 5 =° HrH y CO 04 rH CO 04 P- 04 O H 04 I> CO O I> • 0 X ® d x OHXXiOOt^iOXI^OXOS • CO CO ^ CO 04 rH 04 CO CO lO CO 04 X CO H O t—i P< • • i r- 05-^04C0C0 04C0OTfC0^TfHXOOC0 04 04 CO CO 04 rH 04" 04 04 CO 04 rH 00 rH 04 o OC5COX05iCCOHOHXC5C4CO • C504 t^05X»0ONI^XOiC04 r*» rH l^iOX^'OXXXCOXOt^H CO ■+3 O H 04 tJI 04" rH 04 CO 04 tH 04 rH rH c 0 CO x Sh § ?5 X f-< x x ci f—* 5—« d d £ a> v X • X X X * X v ° -*—> S—1 H (h H Sh s- 'C d d d d ~ 5 O a> a> 0 O 0 9 3 rH ►—< O >•« ^ r* ‘2 >.-r r- IH a-rcs-r-f-f-f (_ i-h y-i 'C -flMMf m® aS rr^ ^ 00^^000000° ^ O -4-» •*-* d r^4-t-> -*-»-*-»■♦—-*-»-♦-> r^"« p " ^J^oioxiOHiooioininiOH! o rH :.-3 288 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. ^3 3 O O I '"3 3 co o X a a a (. c c c . o s is o o. 5-c 0.S3 o c £ • ~ ” ai V “ a> pH CC 1 « c cs ^ h P< QQ C5 P< W NNOO^CCCCOXOCOOJIN U W TH U N :c IC OO X 1C T- ri H H WC^COOOMMCiWUUXH lO X X Ci CO iC X 1' O 1^ M rH -f iC-f OJ CM CM H H Hi—i H ri £ o o H OHCiCNW(NNCD(N^XOOt ^JXXU’ fCCO C H MC' 'M 05 ^ ^ O X ^ CC5C4iCO^X?OfOXt^COi U O -f to O H o X X O lO XiOU^tOCOOHXCJU’fM 8* CO *r lO o w I w < S3 £ < H < a o i* H 1 —I o K 0> a) G3 > •pH -*—* c3 " = ^o- -C _ O N ••H je’S S'-C^ O c g P, x XN-fWCONCiiCCCCOCOO^ XOJX^^HOlHr-COCOOJ 05 r- CO o CM H »o H In sus¬ pense. I" H O H X O CO CO • • H CM • • CO H 00 05 CO CM CM • • • • H CM H • • • • • • (i t • • i • • • • • • • i t t • i 708 ^3 lO CO CM O CO lO • • • • • • • o K CM CO CM i—i ... H •pH H cj p. 03 OCMOHXXiOiONU-tXtOH to PH tOXI^TPCMiOtOOXCMXCOO lO 5 OOHLOCOHtChiOaJ'f CJri to o o H H I- O X 1^ CM CM X CM CO »C O X O CO H 05 HCMtDOCM05CMC105t0Ht0rH r-H pH CM O H r—• r-i 05 o k> o 2 P £ a> p- h'c 2*n,c o g ® cj O iC^-rOOCOMXrHCCOOJOi 'OU^Od’tO'OiCHXXH HCO'J'HiH H S c c ^ H P< OCOiONXC^iOCICOt^XOi C5 Ci to X 05 iO !>• C5 I>* O CC 1 CM CO CO H r -1 CO 05 X to X N O X n 05 H r O H CM CM r*H fH i—* i—i tO CO I- LO ao 00 CM cC .o p oil--rCCr-lOl^riH*—i CM 00 CO CM XOiCiCiOOX05tOOX05CO CMCM^CMX^iOtOCMOHiOW 1 CM CM h I CM I o Eh t0 1^05l^r-i01005050t01>*t0cj XCOl'*'twiC'T , tOC5 , TOtOC I - O OJ to O »C X CO CM CO C CO I COCO I T-H I—< *—* CM !—< CO to o CO 05 o CM s l tS o o >« X r ? £ **'♦ r* >o a> l— >> O 05 ^ o c a P«o go __ t- H it; it. E- S ci fi o o o >. >. >* ' *—« f-H pH CM c o ♦— 1 — OiC ^ o S-. ~ • •»'. c c o o o V o IB P p apt S3 HlCOl ' -r -r -r fc- O f -1 ^“twsS ^ o o ^12 ~~ "‘a 12^ Citizenship 289 o « $■» s rO > t—I X W « H 24662-19 Table XIV. — Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS—Continued. 290 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. CITIZENSHIP 291 ft l-H O £ l-H Ph Ph o H Ph W & Ph Ph O >i H M O > I—I w iP m E-i 0 > 0 ) 00 OHQ 0 ®®rH 00 inOl 0 CO tnPflp . P P £ Ph HCONtNH l-H rH CM CM CO iO a> CM .P _, O N 'P opgH® 03 O i 1 • CO Ht^NOSCCMNCDlCOO^GO^H LO P 02 rH <« p •N P Ph J—( M< i i rH ,P lONC^OJOOO^^b^COHtiorf CM 02 rH rH CM ?H r-t rH N CO CM rH rH s i CM a) p « 4 t c 3 Ph c 3 zn O HiOOXCOH^X^COHOOiN CO H P MCOCCroOlOHOlOOlCICOM CM c 3 OiO' 5 COOiC o E-i HHHH IHHH TjT t-H h P P d . rH (MCOCHi—i t-HtHHCOiO® CC 05 Othe and u know citizei ship CO i 1 NNHH®>d 50 >dldlOCnOHt < ® GO 02 qJ HCD’fOiONOCCHO^I^CC 05 1 P CQ rH H H i-H rH rH CM rH •CO m a 2 ft 1 03 1 0 > • ’3 .p CCiCC 2 C 30 (NHt>t^C 10 COai rH r-H CM 04 CM rH CO 02 rH d •rH CM P P »—« c 3 Ph o 02 H TjH®>®d)HMd>lOt'fflr-ir^O P W i H'NiOC'l^^COtl-OCDC^HCO CM • «lOH-t l O>HCC®’ft'00)0 rH c 3 iHIhiOcoc 0 CMCOc 0 IhCMO 5 lOH< 05 +H> O H I-H rH rH { rH 1 o rH tH P P A i-Hco^c^i>^i-Hot>r^r^ioi^co Hl^iOCOHr-COi-l'NCOl^aiH GO Othe and u know citize ship rH i CO x^aoioaicDCiHOHCiHco T* 02 qj C^^H^CHiOCDOOi^H^liO lO P 02 CM CO CO rH rH HHHCONH lO 02 a rj 02 i 1 CM l-H ft O •ft ,P WNHHOO^CljHOM'M GO 02 CJHiOCOC^H'MCIHiCiCHCO CM H Ph p O c 3 Pi &, r-t 02 03 vCi-H'OO-HtinHi'0)o>HHX®05 CO H 5 OO^^CO^C1C<}«OCOOO(N^ H< hP N CC N H i-H rH H H H rH p CM O 'MOOiXOCOI^OOJOJCOOH CM * lOCMrHlHi^lOH o3 >0 ?> U >*. a> p2 & iO ai 03 o o> a> '"•2 H H'C o o S ♦-> -t-> > o 02 02 c 3 i w Cfl W W 0 Q 05 f-» ft oj . ft H ft f-t f-. o2 c3 c3 o3 c3 o3 h 0; a p O OMD 3 r*U r*» k"* £>» W c/2 ft "•* as -h< h< hi fn o3 CM CM CO ^ IO CO cj Poooooo^ +->-*-> -4-* r-*“* o a> rP H OiOCOOHiOOiCiCiOiO HnnOCNNWCO^iOCO 292 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. CITIZENSHIP. 293 294 T3 0) fa fa o O I >s •o> • •sj cs £ r fa £*. fa fa s~ I—I o I CO < NJ & < b* < I—c <1 fa o fa o £ t—I > o fa fa X w fa fa c H REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. l- CC <-H CO C4 HH ^ i • • • • ( • • t • • • GS a r* r—< T—T • rH • • • • • lO • t-H • ® K r* fa a co 04 o ciHHi^co-f’fcO'f'Ncoai CD h CO^^c^rHrH(H4COCOlC^(NrH o fa 3 o ^l^iOO(NOO(NOCO^t^HH s C0040403I^Oi0i0~t«CDC0a3iC o3 coTr^^HHC^cocotC^^tN 04 o Tf< H 1 CHCi^^CO • CJ Ci H o O H QO ^ S « c! . r—i • rH CO lO GO 04 i Othe and u know citize: ship • t • • t • 04 • • • • • • lO OJ l© rH H H • • • • rH • • CD 03 c3 p 03 • • • « • • • • • • • « rH cc a r-. 0> • 1 • • • 1 c ri fa ^ • II* I • • III I i 03 • III II fa • • • • • • • • • GO a 03 • ••••••It • r-< • •••••til fa P • ••••••II X 00 1^ H 03 3 CO^^Hr-^ HHHdC^!NH o o CO H n a a a O X iCN lO-N Cd to Oi t' 03 CO CD £ a is S3 fa rH CO 6-c 2.2S °§^‘S Xl^Xt^CHCO^COXO • • o S2 o • • CD P 03 “ a • • a « fa fa • • • • fa o • 1 • • • • • » !>• cl T-< Cl o CO o r* CXX^ClHTfiOiCXO^X 00 fa CD a o ^iO’f’tcococ^H0303030x xoTcixxcccJCJcooH*r * rH 3 o OGOCO’^C^rH-^iCiCCCl>-tC^ CO < i i XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO., CITIZENSHIP 295 M 296 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. X a a a < H CITIZENSHIP. 297 c e »■© > I—I X W « < H V 4 Table XIV .—Citizenship by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO—Continued. 298 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. x 0) s o *+-4 o O r—« O O C S fl . ® S jS « g. COWCC^tNH^OO^OCOH^ C /2 <12 Z CO CO d R I> CC iC cc iC CO CO CO 04 04 CO CO £ 5 C4COCOOTt C/2 o £ 'd a> (H o Q d ^ O Cm 6-5 o.s^ 04C0^04rH04L^040>0<0^04 - OQ « d rj l-H c *—H o w o Eh 1 _I I t-. e c3 83 ® ! 6-0 ®-2 o S CJ-h “ S3 oioooo^^jJTficccoo iC l> L> t> ^ CO N O CO CC O O H 04 T—I H r-H S a> d co CO £ d & £ a. ONlOt>Nr-UO^COMNHH - a. 03 £ 5 o Eh XXXX-H^X-H<^-<0>.-| OlCQ-'fOlClCMCIOSi'tfl MMiCt'OiOCOl'ffiOXOlO rH X CO r-< fl HrtHWHH C^r-iC75i/8Mir5Xt^XlNrHTtlMfflt'OrlO) TJMOXHiflTfOlOHOHiO »—< X X rH »-H X C^l < ss 04 04 t> Oi CO o CO 04 s> CO 04 l>H o X *— I :££g • E £ E £ £ £-3 9£s£~ :gggggg = r^» ki X ^4 X ^ X ^ . c) o ^ocg S O***' ^ *— -*—• . E ~r-V-v i-. S^MM-TiCC — Poocooo? K^l+J •«-* «—* -*—» 1^1 . 'OiftxoHiCQiCiorin iJiOrtHHNfJNWM'l'iOtO a> H * CONJUGAL CONDITION 299 Table XV .—Conjugal condition. [Figures iu italic are included in those for the province or district.] Province. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Habana. 424,804 235,981 202,444 173,064 88,234 356, 536 327,715 289,770 160, 780 143, 988 124,482 62,369 77,546 4 2,071 27,087 27,100 17,210 56, 925 40,483 28,730 18,253 20,942 12,386 3,505 26,607 39,562 28,612 14 ,799 10,089 146 City of Habana . 78 Matanzas. 338 Pinar del Rio. 8 ; 964 5,129 20,110 12,263 132 Puerto Principe. 21 Santa Clara. 252; 757 235,343 137 Santiago. 64 Cuba. 1,572,797 1,108,709 246,351 131,732 85,167 838 PROVINCE OF HABANA. District. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Aguacate. 3,163 2,259 5,939 1,197 392 356 155 Alquizar. 8, 746 1,725 6,523 5,142 5,756 4,210 1,004 2,718 2,197 20,080 13,965 1,789 501 516 Bainoa. 285 88 155 Batabano. 4; 393 3,459 3,789 2,885 713 1,392 1,009 1,240 913 322 415 Bauta. 327 347 Bejucal.. 210 512 Cano. 132 278 Casiguas. 152 78 61 Catalina. 1,889 1,519 13,795 9,700 1,312 7,885 495 115 218 Ceiba del Agua. 410 92 176 Guanabacoa. 3,322 2,052 312 1,354 1,111 56 1,605 City of Guanabacoa . 1,099 154 Guara. 1,835 11,394 11,548 Gfiines. 1,750 2,103 43,349 1,2,071 774 867 889 Guira de Melena. 7,958 164,897 160,780 2,184 2,761 2,548 1,996 5,944 2,266 5,480 757 781 703 Habana. 242,055 235, 981 3,199 4,076 3,744 2,887 8,593 3,207 7,761 1,101 18,492 18,253 56 15,231 U, 799 184 City of Habana . Isla de Pinos. Jaruco . 684 286 343 Madruga.!. 676 135 385 Managua. 564 100 226 Marianao. 1,551 558 540 Melena del Sur. '479 286 176 Nueva Paz. 1,224 235 603 448 Pipian. 20 89 Quivic&n. 2,423 11,363 3,293 1,855 12, 631 1,915 4,154 1,683 7.437 2,210 1,291 8.437 1,360 426 136 175 Regia. 2,385 779 715 823 Salud. 22 282 San Antonio de las Vegas. 342 92 130 San Antonio de los Banos. 2,827 292 350 1,017 128 San Felipe. 134 San Jos6*de las Lajas. 2,771 3,208 2,009 1,918 7,022 1,011 1,588 741 218 423 San Nieol&s.”. 4, 568 2,965 2,730 10,276 1,551 2,416 688 386 285 Santa Cruz del Norte. 484 271 201 Santa Maria del Rosario. 449 137 226 Santiago de las Vegas. 2,104 322 340 791 Tapaste. 82 136 Vereda Nueva. 607 32 189 The province. 424,804 289,770 77,546 28,730 28,612 Un¬ known. 1 1 5 2 4 3 1 3 3 86 78 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 19 146 300 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XV .—Conjugal condition —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] District. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Alacranes. 8,110 5,691 936 1,094 388 1 Bolondr6n. 9,179 6, 316 1,015 1.493 355 Cabezas. 184 3,840 920 95 329 Canasi. l’ 993 1,385 248 248 112 Cardenas. 24 ,861 17; 421 4,066 1,818 1,554 2 City of Cdrdenas . 21,9lt0 15,320 3,633 1,605 1,380 2 Carlos Rojas. 3,174 2,493 292 267 122 Col6n. 12 ,195 8' 941 1,527 1,211 516 Cuevitas. b ,807 4 ' 083 '756 712 256 Guamacaro. 6,000 4; 283 660 801 254 2 Jagiiey Grande. 5,853 4,104 900 523 325 1 Jovellanos. 7,529 5,469 716 1,043 299 2 Macagua. 5,042 3,606 582 642 212 Macuriges. 10; 405 ?; 447 1,041 1,533 370 14 Marti. 8.905 6,352 1,071 1,192 290 Matanzas. 45', 282 31,380 7; 263 3j 307 3,030 302 City of Matanzas . 36,37 4 25,520 5,607 2,817 2,U09 21 M O 20 years. 2,808 2,682 52 69 2 3 21 to 24 vears. 7,153 6,154 551 416 27 5 25 to 29 vears. 9,132 5,880 1,902 1,185 162 3 30 to 34 vears. 6,871 2,818 2,597 1,167 289 35 to 44 vears. 9,569 2, 822 4; 304 L 650 789 4 45 to 54 vears. 5,902 1,615 2,636 987 662 2 55 to 64 years. 3,339 1,085 1,279 459 516 65 vears and over. 1.781 798 '439 229 315 Unknown. 3 1 2 The province. 9L688 68,873 13,783 6,189 2,772 71 Total Females. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years.. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years'and over .. Unknown. The province 33,254 6,342 4,211 2,951 6,483 7,846 5,440 7,175 4,274 2,163 1,235 2 33,199 5,970 3,297 1,868 3,279 2,638 1,543 1,703 1,010 622 478 2 1 219 526 581 1,959 3,086 2,222 2,862 1,327 420 114 2 148 356 444 992 1,482 987 1,076 466 158 86 52 1 2 1 2 1 4 30 57 251 639 688 1,534 1,470 963 556 1 1 81,376 55,609 13,317 6,197 6,192 61 CONJUGAL CONDITION 319 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex , race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. Total Native White. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 48,925 48,840 2 3 80 8,772 8,471 197 95 7 2 6,000 5,283 473 213 27 4 3,889 3,035 515 288 50 1 9,369 6,240 2,091 792 240 6 11,200 5,086 4,027 1,406 679 2 7,739 2,256 3,665 1,030 788 10,071 1,866 5,226 1,130 1,847 2 5,422 772 2,580 445 1,623 2 2,494 323 1,006 119 1,046 1,024 153 309 29 533 2 2 114,907 82,327 20,091 5,547 6,843 99 Native White Males. Under 15 years. 25,205 25,161 1 3 40 15 to 17 years. 4,239 4/225 3 7 3 1 18 and 19 years. 2,956 2,933 12 6 3 2 20 years. 1,849 1,778 36 32 2 1 21 to 24 vears. 4,698 4,037 416 217 24 4 25 to 29 years. 5,714 3,543 1,396 634 140 1 30 to 34 vears. 4,060 1,482 1,782 568 228 35 to 44 vears. 5,286 1,188 2,802 719 575 2 45 to 54 years. 2,783 476 1,535 317 454 1 55 to 64 years. 1,276 188 687 86 315 65 years and over. '507 91 230 23 163 The province. A 58,573 45,102 8,900 2,609 1,910 52 Native White Females. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province 23, 720 23, 679 i 40 4,533 4,246 194 88 4 1 3,044 2, 350 461 207 24 *2 2,040 1,257 479 256 48 4,671 2,203 1,675 575 216 2 5,486 1,543 2,631 772 539 1 3,679 774 1,883 462 560 4,785 678 2,424 411 1,272 2,639 296 1,045 128 1,169 1 1,218 135 319 33 731 517 62 79 6 370 2 2 56,334 3/j225 11,191 2,938 4,933 47 320 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. Total Foreign White. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years'and over .. Unknown. The province Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 197 197 204 199 3 2 . 346 328 13 4 1 323 289 27 4 1 2 1,079 916 123 35 5 1,633 1,116 398 97 21 1 1,471 674 632 120 45 2,432 760 1,249 217 204 2 1,716 379 951 173 212 1 908 159 492 48 209 407 70 152 16 169 2 1 1 10,718 5,088 4,040 716 867 7 Foreign White Males. Under 15 years. 127 127 15 to 17 years. 176 175 1 18 and 19 years_ 311 309 1 1 20 years. 283 269 8 4 2 21 to 24 years. 980 881 67 30 2 25 to 29 vears. 1,471 1,080 291 88 11 1 30 to 34 years. 1,319 646 532 112 29 35 to 44 vears. 2 ,184 732 1,104 198 148 2 45 to 54 years. 1,494 370 828 168 127 1 55 to 64 vears. 782 150 444 46 142 65 vears and over. 318 68 133 16 101 Unknown. 2 1 1 The province. 9,447 4,808 3,408 , 664 560 7 Foreign White Females. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. The province 70 28 35 40 99 162 152 248 222 126 89 70 24 19 20 35 36 28 28 9 9 2 3 12 19 56 107 100 145 123 48 19 1 3 5 9 8 19 5 2 . 1 1 3 10 16 56 85 67 68 1,271 280 632 52 307 CONJUGAL CONDITION 321 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. Total Colored. Under 15 years_ 15 to 17 years.. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 33 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 19,088 19,064 3 2 19 3,284 3,201 22 60 1 2,121 1,901 56 157 6 1 1,547 1,226 91 221 8 1 3,188 2,277 296 581 33 1 4,145 2,316 563 1,164 101 1 3,101 1,431 522 1,004 144 4,241 1,899 691 1,379 272 3,038 1,474 432 835 297 2,100 1,225 201 450 224 1,585 1,053 92 270 169 1 1 1 47,439 37,067 2,969 6,123 1,254 26 Colored Males. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province 9, 624 9,614 3 7 1,503 1 ,501 1 1 989 '973 3 11 1 1 676 635 8 33 1,475 1,236 68 169 1 1 1,947 1,257 215 463 11 1 1,492 690 283 487 32 2, 099 902 398 733 66 1,625 769 273 502 81 1,281 747 148 327 59 956 639 76 190 51 1 1 23, 668 18,963 1,475 2,916 302 12 Colored Females. Under 15 years. 9,464 9,450 2 12 15 to 17 years. l' 781 1,700 22 59 18 and 19 years. T 132 '928 53 146 5 20 vears. 871 591 83 188 8 1 21 to 24 years. 1,713 1,041 228 412 32 25 to 29 years.:.-_ 2, 198 1,059 348 701 90 30 to 34 years. l' 609 '741 239 517 112 35 to 44 years. 2, 142 997 293 646 206 45 to 54 years . 1,413 705 159 333 216 55 to 64 vears 819 478 53 123 165 65 years and over. 629 414 16 80 118 1 The province. 23,771 18,104 1,494 3,207 952 14 24662 - 21 822 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XVII. — Conjugal condition bg age, sex, race, andnativitg — Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Total Population. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 37,768 37,757 6 2 1 2 15 to 17 years.. 6,211 6,011 148 49 3 18 and 19 years. 3' 439 2, 996 316 111 16 20 years. 1,755 1,419 271 53 12 21 to 24 years.. 4 493 3,072 1,127 232 62 25 to 29 years. 5,100 2,593 1,947 417 140 3 30 to 34 years. 5,944 2,115 2,929 588 308 4 35 to 44 years. 9,943 2,758 5,223 985 972 5 45 to 54 years. 6,791 1,731 3,128 638 1,292 2 55 to 64 years. 4,200 1,124 1,536 289 1,249 2 65 years and over. 2,587 791 579 141 1,074 2 Unknown. 3 2 1 The province. 88,234 62,369 17,210 3,505 5,129 21 Total Males. Under 15 years. 19,394 19,390 1 1 1 1 15 to 17 years. 2,857 2,851 3 3 18 and 19 years.. 1,624 1,600 12 11 1 20 years. 843 '814 18 9 2 21 to 24 vears. 2,278 1,969 223 78 8 25 to 29 years. 2 ,582 1,699 674 185 21 3 30 to 34 vears. 2,963 1,305 1,315 276 63 4 35 to 44 vears. 5,208 1,589 2,890 511 214 4 45 to 54 vears. 3,533 974 1,896 383 278 2 55 to 64 vears. 2,238 686 1,068 197 28-5 2 65 years and over. 1,378 505 442 100 330 1 Unknown. 1 1 The province. 44,899 33,383 8,542 1,754 1,203 17 Total Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 04 years. 65 years and over Unknown. 18,374 18,367 5 1 1 3,354 3,160 145 46 3 1,815 1,396 304 100 15 912 605 253 44 10 2,215 1,103 904 154 54 2,518 894 1,273 232 119 2,981 810 1,614 312 245 4,735 1,169 2,333 474 758 1 3,258 757 1,232 255 1,014 1,962 438 468 92 964 1,209 286 137 41 744 1 2 1 1 43,335 28,986 8,668 • 1,751 3,926 4 The province CONJUGAL CONDITION 323 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total Native White. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years . 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 04 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown.«... The province Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 31,017 31,008 5 1 1 2 4,930 4,768 124 35 3 2,654 2,287 274 79 14 1,294 1,009 244 31 10 3,176 2,034 913 146 53 3,325 1,415 1,548 240 120 2 4,351 1,245 2,464 376 264 2 7,165 1,543 4,231 591 798 2 4,471 812 2,354 315 990 2,606 454 1,089 116 947 1,358 201 373 36 748 • 2 2 66,349 46,778 13,649 1,966 3,948 8 Native White Males. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years ... 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years'and over .. Unknown. The province 15,919 15,916 1 1 1 2,281 2,278 2 1 l’245 b 228 9 7 1 612 592 14 5 1 1,508 1,291 163 48 6 1,499 903 487 90 17 2 2,053 767 1,051 182 51 2 3,563 870 2,236 294 162 1 2,065 394 1,326 170 175 1,216 232 732 73 179 613 96 288 28 201 1 1 32,575 24,568 6,309 898 794 6 Native White Females. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province 15,098 15,092 4 1 1 2,649 2,490 122 34 3 1,409 1,059 265 72 13 682 417 230 26 9 1,668 743 780 98 47 1,826 512 1,061 150 103 2,298 478 1,413 194 213 3,602 673 1,995 297 636 1 2,406 418 1,028 145 815 1,390 222 357 43 768 745 105 85 8 547 1 1 33, 774 22,210 7,340 1,068 3,154 2 324 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1890. Table XYII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total Foreign White. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 170 170 15 to 17 years. 70 74 1 1 18 and 19 years. 77 74 2 1 20 years. 71 04 5 2 21 to 24 years. 391 334 43 14 25 to 29 years. 075 510 120 40 5 30 to 34 vears. 459 275 143 31 10 35 to 44 vears. 874 321 437 78 38 45 to 54 vears. 080 150 384 02 84 55 to 04 years. 370 57 200 18 89 05 vears and over. 189 36 07 7 79 The province. 4,038 2,071 1,408 254 r>w5 Foreign White Males. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 04 years. 05 years and over .. The province 95 95 47 47 01 61 53 51 1 1 350 310 24 10 030 495 101 38 2 424 270 118 30 0 795 308 380 72 29 00-1 147 346 59 52 292 49 178 15 50 142 34 58 0 44 3,499 1,873 1,212 231 183 |. Foreign White Females. Under 15 years. 81 81 15 to 17 years. 29 27 1 1 18 and 1*9 years. . 16 13 2 1 20 years. 18 13 4 1 21 to 24 years. 41 18 19 4 25 to 29 years. 39 15 19 2 3 30 to 34 years_ 35 5 25 1 4 35 to 44 years... 79 13 51 6 9 45 to 54 years. 76 3 38 3 32 55 to 64 vears. 78 8 28 3 39 05 vears and over. 47 0 9 1 35 The province. 539 198 190 23 122 CONJUCtAL condition 325 Taklk XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total Colored. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 6,575 6, 573 1 1 15 to 17 years. l'205 l’ 169 23 13 . 18 and 19 years. ' 70S '635 40 31 2 20 years. . 390 346 22 20 2 21 to 24 years. 926 704 141 72 9 25 to 29 years. 1,100 668 279 137 15 1 30 to 34 years. 1,134 595 322 181 34 2 35 to 44 years. 1,904 894 555 316 136 3 45 to 54 years. 1,640 769 390 261 218 2 55 to 64 years. 1,224 613 241 155 213 2 65 vears and over. 1,040 554 139 98 247 2 Unknown. 1 1 The province. 17,847 13,520 2,153 1,285 876 13 Colored Males. Under 15 years. 3,380 3,379 1 15 to 17 vears . '529 '526 1 2 18 and 19 years. . 318 311 3 • 4 20 years. 178 171 3 3 1 21 to 24 years. 420 362 36 20 2 25 to 29 years. 447 301 86 57 2 1 30 to 34 years. 486 268 146 64 6 2 35 to 44 years. 850 411 268 145 23 3 45 to 54 years. 864 433 224 154 51 2 55 to 64 years. 730 405 158 109 56 2 65 years and over. 623 375 96 66 85 1 The province. 8,825 6, 942 1,021 625 226 11 Colored Females. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years . 21 to 21 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 41 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown.. The province 3,195 676 3,194 643 1 22 11 390 324 37 27 2 212 175 19 17 1 506 342 105 52 7 653 367 193 80 13 . 648 327 176 117 28 1,054 776 483 287 171 113 336 166 107 167 494 208 83 46 157 417 1 179 43 32 162 i 1 9,022 6,578 1,132 660 650 2 326 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Total Population. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 128,550 128,461 23,966 14,439 18 12 3 56 15 to 17 years... 24,640 376 272 18 8 18 and 19 years. 16,076 8,879 25,330 31,536 911 643 74 9 20 years . 7,270 18,180 16,841 10,667 13,529 9,288 6,316 3,795 5 892 605 no 2 21 to 24 years. 4,377 2,194 3,904 567 12 25 to 29 years... 9,251 1,529 2,117 11 30 to 34 years. 27,339 10,492 17,618 4,' 058 5 35 to 44 years. 43,152 6,921 5,072 4,899 12 45 to 54 years. 21, 271 8, 707 3,277 4,366 11 55 to 61 years. 15;618 8,140 5 2,407 3; 612 2,109 6 65 years and over. L 006 1,225 5 Unknown. The province. 356,536 252,757 56,925 26,607 20,110 137 Total Males. Under 15 years. 65,303 65,264 2 5 1 31 15 to 17 years... 11,392 11,365 12 8 3 4 18 and 19 years. 7,839 7, 737 27 57 10 8 20 years. 4,410 4,258 66 81 5 21 to 24 years. 13,735 12,186 756 728 57 8 25 to 29 years. 17,264 12,029 3,194 1,724 314 3 30 to 34 years. 15. 324 7,412 5,228 2,017 663 4 35 to 44 years.:. 24,614 8, 726 10,465 3,728 1,686 9 45 to 54 years. 15,674 5,834 5, 776 2,636 1,421 7 55 to 64 rears. 9,038 4,146 2,365 1,506 1,016 5 65 years and over. 4,460 2,228 790 825 615 2 Unknown. 4 4 The province. 189,057 141,189 28,681 13,315 5,791 81 Totai. Females. Under 15 years. 63.247 13.248 8,237 4,469 63,197 12,601 6,702 3,012 5,994 4,812 3,255 16 2 25 15 to 17 years. 364 264 15 4 18 and 19 years. 884 586 64 1 20 years. 826 524 105 2 21 to 24 years. lL 595 14,272 12,015 18,538 11,597 3,621 6,057 5,264 1,466 2,180 510 4 25 to 29 years. 1,215 1,454 8 30 to 34 years... 2; 041 3,193 1 35 to 44 years. 4,803 3,454 2,170 7,153 2,931 912 3,386 3,478 3 45 to 54 years. 1,730 4 55 to 64 years. 6, 580 3,680 1 '901 2; 596 1,494 1 65 years and over. Unknown. 1,567 1 216 400 3 The province. 167,479 111,568 28,244 13,292 14,319 56 CONJUGAL CONDITION 327 Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. Total Native White. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years... 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years... 45 to 54 vears. 55 to 61 years. 65 years and over. Unknown. 90,396 16,929 10, 492 5,417 14,880 17,710 15,221 23,314 12,335 5,824 2,423 4 90,325 16,461 9,382 4,365 10,156 8,140 4,461 4,705 1,965 818 348 4 16 309 743 700 3,396 6,919 7, 679 12,361 5,638 2,057 583 4 136 303 257 851 1,376 1,364 2,118 940 259 53 2 16 58 94 470 1,270 1,714 4,123 3,786 2,688 1,438 49 7 6 1 7 5 3 7 6 2 1 The province. 214,945 151,130 40,401 7,661 15,659 94 Native White Males. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province 46,034 46,001 2 1 1 29 7,789 7,767 12 5 2 3 4,897 4,843 18 24 6 6 2, 517 2,440 42 30 5 7,338 6,534 503 251 45 5 8,709 5,723 2,146 589 250 1 7,861 3,125 3,509 721 504 2 12,077 2,973 6,668 1,161 1,270 5 5,957 1,029 3,368 582 974 4 2,576 362 1,382 188 643 1 1,013 146 434 46 386 1 3 3 106,771 80,946 18,084 3,598 4,086 57 Native White Females. Under 15 years.. 44,362 9,140 5,595 44,324 8,694 14 3 1 15 to 17 years. 297 131 14 52 18 and 19 years. 4,539 1,925 725 279 20 vears. 2,900 658 227 89 21 to 24 years.. 7,542 9,001 7,360 11,237 3^ 622 2,417 1,336 1,732 2,893 4,773 4,170 600 425 25 to 29 years. 787 1,020 1,210 2,853 2,812 30 to 34 years. 643 35 to 44 years. 5,693 2,270 675 957 45 to 54 years . O’ 378 ' 936 358 55 to 64 years. 3,248 456 71 2,045 65 years and over. L 410 1 202 149 7 L052 Unknown. 1 The province. 108,174 70,184 22,317 4,063 11,573 328 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table X Y I!.— Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. Total Foreign White. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 996 996 15 to 17 years... 643 620 16 6 1 18 and 19 years. 942 881 44 11 4 2 20 years . 809 729 64 12 4 21 to 24 years. 3,812 3,307 365 118 21 1 25 to 29 years. 5,227 3,825 1,044 270 86 2 30 to 34 years. 4,325 2,355 1,479 318 171 2 35 to 44 years. 6,810 2,654 3,139 617 398 2 45 to 54 Vears. 3,940 1,074 2,016 347 500 3 55 to 64 years. 1.621 339 780 120 381 1 65 years and over. 697 113 256 27 300 1 Unknown. 1 1 The province. 29,823 16,894 9,203 1,846 1,866 14 Foreign White Males. Under 15 years. 583 583 15 to 17 vears. 448 448 18 and 19 years. . 775 766 2 3 2 2 20 years. . 678 662 12 4 21 to 24 years. 3, 372 3,141 139 86 6 25 to 29 years... 4 , 572 3; 692 619 224 36 1 30 to 34 years... 3,784 2,298 1,109 267 108 2 35 to 44 years. . 5,949 2,568 2,574 556 249 2 45 to 54 years. 3,368 1,027 1,726 325 288 2 55 to 64 years. . 1,318 319 662 114 222 1 65 years and over. 488 93 228 25 141 1 Unknown. .. 1 1 The province.. 25,336 15,598 7,071 1,604 1,052 11 Foreign White Females. Under 15 years. 413 413 15 to 17 vears. 195 172 16 6 1 18 and 19 vears. 167 115 42 8 2 20 years. 131 67 52 8 4 21 to 24 years. 440 166 226 90 15 1 25 to 29 years. 655 133 425 46 50 1 30 to 34 years. 541 57 370 51 63 35 to 44 years. 861 86 565 61 149 45 to 54 years. 572 47 290 22 212 1 55 to 64 years. 303 20 118 6 159 65 years and over. 209 20 28 2 159 The province. 4,487 1,296 2,132 242 814 3 CONJUGAL CONDITION 329 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age , sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. Total Colored. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 37,158 37,140 2 8 1 7 15 to 17 years. 7,068 6,885 51 130 1 1 18 and 19 years. 4,642 4,176 124 329 12 1 20 years. 2, 653 2,176 128 336 12 1 21 to 24 years. 6,638 4,717 616 1,225 76 4 25 to 29 years. 8,599 4,876 1,288 2,258 173 4 30 to 34 years. . 7,793 3,851 1,334 2,376 232 35 to 44 years. 13,028 6,170 2; 118 4; 186 551 3 45 to 54 years. 10,996 6,249 1,053 3,079 613 2 55 to 64 years. 8,173 5,159 440 2,028 543 3 65 years and over. 5,020 3,334 167 1,145 371 3 The province. 111,768 84,733 7,321 17,100 2,585 29 Colored Males. Under 15 years. 18,686 18,680 4 2 15 to 17 years 3^ 155 3^ 150 3 1 1 18 and 19 years. 2,167 2,128 7 30 2 20 years. 1,215 l' 156 12 47 21 to 24 years. 3,025 2; 511 114 391 6 3 25 to 29 years. 3,983 2,614 429 911 28 1 30 to 34 years. 3,679 1,989 610 1,029 51 35 to 44 years. 6,588 3,185 1,223 2,011 167 2 45 to 54 years. 6, 349 3, 778 682 1,729 159 1 55 to 64 years. 5,144 3,465 321 1,204 151 3 65 years and over. 2,959 1,989 128 754 88 The province. 56,950 44,645 3,526 8,113 653 13 Colored Females. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18,472 3,913 2,475 18,460 3,735 2,048 2 51 4 127 1 5 18 and 19 years. 117 299 10 1 20 years. 1,438 1,020 116 289 12 1 21 to 24 years. 3,613 2,206 502 834 70 1 25 to 29 years. . 4,616 2,262 859 1,347 145 3 30 to 34 years. 4,114 6,440 1,862 2,985 724 1,347 181 35 to 44 years. 895 2,175 384 1 45 to 54 years. 4,647 2,471 371 1,350 454 1 55 to 64 years. 3,029 2,061 1,694 1,345 119 824 392 65 vears'and over. 39 391 283 3 The province. 54,818 40,088 3, 795 8,987 1,932 16 330 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XYII .—Conjugal condition by aye, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Total Population. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 141,602 141,542 7 18 2 33 15 to 17 years. 22,442 21,691 312 425 10 4 18 and 19 years. 13,836 12,131 800 873 31 I 20 years.. 7,728 5,978 717 989 43 ' 1 21 to 24 years. 16,630 11,035 2,819 2, .>45 226 5 25 to 29 years. 20,974 9,896 5,570 4,942 565 1 30 to 34 years. 22,337 7,560 7,173 6,582 1,019 3 35 to 41 years. 38, 735 11,311 12,463 12,426 2,530 5 45 to 54 years.... 23,438 7,144 6,650 6,785 2,853 6 55 to 64 years. 12,629 4,215 2,803 2,911 2,698 2 65 years and over. 7,343 2,827 1,164 1,065 2,286 1 Unknown. 21 13 5 1 2 The province. 327,745 235,343 40,483 39,562 12,263 64 Total Males. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province 72,420 72,391 2 1 2 24 10,068 10,040 7 17 T 3 6,438 6,362 16 58 i 1 3,612 3,392 68 147 4 1 8,409 6,996 581 802 26 4 10,395 6,259 2,008 2,030 98 11,055 4,333 3,435 3,041 244 2 19,945 5,590 7,061 6, 622 670 2 12,043 2,901 4,316 4,176 646 4 6,161 1,566 1,991 2,063 541 3,288 1,042 8S8 800 557 l 11 6 3 2 163,845 120,878 20,376 19,757 2, 790 44 Total Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 io 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 41 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 yeaTS and over Unknown. 69,182 69,151 5 17 9 12,374 11,651 305 408 9 1 7,398 5, 769 784 815 30 4,116 2,586 649 842 39 8,221 4,039 2,238 1,743 200 1 10,579 3,637 3,562 2,912 467 1 11,282 3,227 3, 738 3,541 775 1 18, 790 5, 721 5,402 5,'804 1,860 3 11,395 4,243 2,334 2,609 2,207 2 6,468 2,649 812 848 2,157 2 4,055 1,785 276 205 1,729 10 7 2 i 163,870 114,465 . 20,107 19,805 9,473 20 The province CONJUGAL CONDITION 331 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex , race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total Native White. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 77, 949 77,912 5 9 1 22 15 to 17 vears. 12,110 11,699 206 196 6 3 18 and 19 years. 7,246 6,294 555 376 20 1 20 years. . 3, 952 3,006 497 417 32 21 to 24 years. 8i 093 5i 047 1,858 1,035 150 3 25 to 29 years. 9,558 3, 735 3, 595 1,835 392 1 30 to 34 years. 10,836 2,765 4,723 2,635 711 2 35 to 44 years. 18,895 4,086 8,029 5,081 1,696 3 45 to 54 years. 10, 739 2,235 4,116 2,457 1,927 4 55 to 64 years. 5,509 1,131 1, 729 949 1,698 2 65 vears and over. 2, 902 591 665 235 1,411 Unknown. 8 4 2 2 The province. 167,797 118,505 25,980 15,225 8,044 43 Native White Males. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 21 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years.. 65 years and over.. Unknown. The province 40,210 40,192 1 1 16 5,425 5,410 6 6 3 3,321 3,288 12 20 1 1,840 1.741 40 56 3 3,887 3,217 351 304 13 2 4,375 2,344 1,213 757 61 4,958 1,513 2,083 1,198 163 i 9,273 1,986 4,171 2,711 405 5,254 836 2,435 1,593 387 3 2,558 382 1,188 697 291 1,185 192 500 196 297 6 3 1 2 82,292 61,104 12,001 7,538 1,621 28 Native White Females. Under 15 years. 37,739 37, 720 4 9 6 15 to 17 vears. 6, 685 O'289 200 190 6 18 and 19 years. 3,925 3,006 543 356 20 20 vears. 2,112 1,265 457 361 29 21 to 24 years. 4/206 lj 830 1,507 731 137 1 25 to 29 years. 5,183 1,391 2,382 1,078 331 1 30 to 34 years. 5,878 1,252 2,640 1,437 548 1 35 to 44 vears. 9,622 2,100 3,858 2,370 1,291 3 45 to 54 years. 5,485 1,399 1,681 864 1,540 1 55 to 64 years. 2,951 749 541 252 1,407 2 65 vears and over. 1,717 399 165 39 1,114 Unknown. 2 1 1 The province. 85,505 57,401 13,979 7,687 6,423 15 332 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CURA, 1899 Table X VII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total Foreign White. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... ‘JO years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. 589 223 336 220 1,257 2,189 1,960 3,485 1,975 753 324 2 589 211 10 303 29 186 26 1,051 141 1,592 388 1,079 595 1,315 1,449 502 982 135 370 63 125 2 2 3 1 7 1 55 10 176 33 233 53 540 180 300 189 87 161 21 115 The province 13,313 7,026 4, J17 1 o 3 Foreign White Males. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years.*.... 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province 304 304 142 142 255 255 162 158 2 2 1,097 1,001 56 37 3 . 1,948 1,523 264 145 16 . 1,749 1,055 470 201 23 . 3,160 1,258 1,259 515 127 1 1.762 475 881 289 116 1 626 123 325 85 93 . 240 47 115 21 57 . 1 . 1 . 11,446 6,341 3,373 1,295 435 2 Foreign White Females. Under 15 years. 285 285 15 to 17 years. 81 69 10 2 18 and 19 vears. 81 48 29 3 1 . 20 years. 58 28 24 5 1 . 21 to 24 years. 160 50 85 18 7 . 25 to 29 vears. 241 69 124 31 17 . 30 to 34 years. 211 24 125 32 30 . 35 to 44 vears. 325 zz D/ 190 O' 25 53 . 45 to 54 years. 213 o- 2/ 101 u 73 1 55 to 64 years. 127 12 45 o 68 . 65 years and over. 84 16 10 58 . Unknown. 1 1 The province. 1,867 685 744 129 308 1 1 CONJUGAL CONDITION 333 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total Colored. Total. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. 63,064 10,109 6,254 3,556 7,280 9,227 9,541 16,355 10,724 6,367 4,117 11 The province 146,605 Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 63,041 2 9 1 11 9, 781 96 227 4 1 5, 534 216 494 10 2,786 194 565 10 1 4,937 820 1,455 66 2 4,569 1,587 2,931 140 3,716 1,855 3, 714 255 i 5,910 2,985 6,805 654 l 4,407 1,552 4, 028 737 2,949 704 1,875 839 2,173 374 809 760 i 9 1 1 109,812 10,386 22,913 3,476 28 Colored Males. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 85 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province 31, 906 31,895 1 1 1 8 4,501 ■4,488 1 11 1 2,862 2,819 4 38 1 1,610 1,493 26 89 1 1 3,425 2,778 174 461 10 2 4,072 2,392 531 1,128 21 4,348 1, 765 882 1,642 58 i 7,512 2,346 1,631 3,396 138 1 5,027 1,590 1,000 2,294 143 2,977 1,061 478 1,281 157 1,863 803 273 583 203 i 4 3 1 70,107 53,433 5,002 10,924 734 14 Colored Females. Under 15 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years . 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .. Unknown. The province 31,158 5,608 3, 392 1,946 3,855 5,155 5,193 8,843 5,697 3,390 2,254 31,146 5.293 2,715 1.293 2,159 2,177 1,951 3,564 2,817 1,888 1,370 6 1 95 212 168 646 1,056 973 1,354 552 226 101 8 216 456 476 994 1,803 2,072 3,409 1,734 594 226 1 3 9 9 56 119 197 516 594 3 1 682 557 76,498 2,742 334 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS. Total Population. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 10,430 1,908 10,428 1 1 15 to 17 vears. 1,851 33 22 1 1 18 and 19 years. 1,387 1,230 87 64 ' 5 1 20 years. 740 60S 70 49 13 21 to 24 years. 2,316 1,633 394 251 36 2 25 to 29 years. 2,684 1,445 724 425 88 2 30 to 34 years. 2,373 978 836 415 144 35 to 44 years. 3; 847 2,360 1,292 775 1,437 784 707 411 45 to 54 years. 379 421 1 54 to 61 years. 1,285 451 282 326 157 351 65 years and over. '708 106 65 254 1 The city. 30,038 20,973 4,798 2,534 1,724 9 Total Males. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 31 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over The city 5,081 809 606 .344 1,158 1,342 1,214 1,963 1,173 603 296 5,081 808 593 325 986 885 586 675 374 209 105 1 1 1 1 1 . 4 6 80 249 400 815 504 231 86 7 13 87 193 202 391 224 103 48 1 4 14 26 82 70 60 57 14,589 10,627 2,375 1,268 314 5 Total Females. Under 15 years. 5,349 1,099 781 0,34 / 1,043 637 1 1 15 to 17 vears. 33 22 1 18 and 19 years. 83 57 4 20 years. 396 283 64 36 13 32 21 to 24 years. 1,158 617 314 161 1 25 to 29 years. 1,342 .560 475 232 74 1 30 to 34 years. 1,159 1,884 1,187 682 392 436 213 118 35 to 44 years. 617 622 316 329 45 to 54 years. 401 280 155 351 55 to 81 vears. 242 95 54 291 65 ycars and over. 412 177 20 17 197 1 The city. 15,449 10,346 2,423 1,266 1,410 4 CONJUGAL CONDITION 335 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age , sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS—Continued. Total Native White. Under 15 years ... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 80 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over The eity ... Total. • Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 6,547 1,145 6,546 1,110 1 23 11 1 775 676 65 29 4 1 404 317 53 24 10 1,189 790 268 102 28 1 1,227 575 454 130 68 1,044 340 477 137 90 1,712 388 811 220 290 928 146 393 110 279 502 61 169 29 243 262 43 55 8 156 15,735 10,992 2,772 800 1,169 2 Native White Males. Under 15 years ... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years . 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over The city 3,170 3,170 474 '474 318 311 1 5 . 1 162 153 4 5 ' 540 451 53 31 4 i 549 342 136 64 7 472 203 192 64 13 717 200 364 112 41 371 68 202 66 35 177 23 101 22 31 95 15 41 7 32 7,045 5,410 1,094 376 163 2 Native White Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over 3,377 671 457 242 649 678 572 995 . 557 325 167 3,376 636 365 164 339 233 137 188 78 38 28 1 23 64 49 215 318 285 450 191 68 14 11 24 19 71 66 73 108 44 7 1 1 4 10 24 61 77 249 241 212 124 8,690 5,582 1,678 424 1,006 The city 336 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS—Continued. Total Foreign White. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 129 129 15 to 17 years. 68 65 1 2 18 and 19 years. 101 95 5 1 20 years. 82 75 5 1 1 21 to 24 years. 377 326 37 13 1 25 to 29 years. 515 370 90 47 7 1 30 to 34 years. 502 265 177 44 16 35 to 44 years. 850 306 390 107 47 45 to 54 years. 540 139 277 66 58 55 to 64 years. 217 47 108 24 38 . 65 years and over. 104 13 39 9 43 The city. 3,485 1,830 1,129 313 212 1 Foreign White Males. Under 15 years. 76 76 15 to 17 years . 52 52 18 and 19 years. 87 85 1 1 20 years. 69 67 1 1 21 to 24 years. 321 301 11 9 25 to 29 years. 445 351 51 38 4 1 30 to 34 years. 429 255 127 39 8 35 to 44 years. 716 282 313 97 24 45 to 54 years. 4o5 127 238 61 29 55 to 64 years. 176 42 93 21 20 65 years and over. 74 9 36 8 21 The city. 2,900 1,647 871 274 107 1 Foreign White Females. Under 15 years. .. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 io 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over 53 53 16 13 1 2 14 10 4 13 8 4 1 56 25 26 •i 1 70 19 39 9 3 73 10 50 5 8 134 24 77 10 23 85 12 39 5 29 41 5 15 3 18 30 4 3 1 22 585 183 258 39 105 The city CONJUGAL CONDITION 337 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS—Continued. Total Colored. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 3,754 3,753 1 15 to 17 years. 695 676 9 9 1 18 and 19 years.. . 511 459 17 35 20 years. 254 216 12 24 2 21 to 24 years. 750 517 89 136 7 1 25 to 29 years. 942 500 180 248 13 1 30 to 34 years. 827 373 182 234 38 35 to 44 years. 1,285 598 233 380 74 45 to 54 years. 892 490 114 203 84 1 55 to 64 years. 566 343 49 104 70 65 years'and over. 342 226 12 48 55 1 The city. 10,818 8,151 897 1,421 343 6 Colored Males. TTndpr 15 years . . 1,835 1,835 15 to 17 years. 283 282 1 18 and 19 years. 201 197 2 2 20 years. 113 105 1 7 21 to 24 years. 297 234 16 47 25 to 29 years.. 348 192 62 91 3 30 to 34 years. 313 128 81 99 5 35 to 44 years. 530 193 138 182 17 45 to 54 years. 347 179 64 97 6 i 55 to 64 years. 250 144 37 60 9 65 years and over. 127 81 9 33 4 The city. 4,644 3,570 410 618 44 2 Colored Females. TTndpr15 years. 1,919 1,918 1 15 to 17 years. 412 394 9 9 18 and 19 years. 310 262 15 33 20 years. 141 111 11 17 2 21 to 24 years. 453 283 73 89 7 i 25 to 29 years. 594 308 118 157 10 1 30 to 34 years. 514 245 101 135 33 35 to 44 years. 755 405 95 198 57 45 to 54 years. 545 311 50 106 78 55 to 64 years. 316 199 12 44 61 65 years and over. 215 145 3 15 51 1 The city. 6,174 4,581 487 803 299 4 24662 - 22 338 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF HABANA. Total Population. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 66,107 66,040 10 12 10 35 15 to 17 years. 14,517 14,098 231 169 11 8 18 and 19 years. 10,802 9,777 577 418 28 2 20 years... 5,888 4,949 526 369 42 2 21 to 24 years. 21,711 16,073 3,336 2,034 265 3 25 to 29 years. 26,357 15,490 6,676 3,473 716 2 30 to 34 years. 21,982 9,983 7,492 3,372 1,131 4 35 to 44 years. 32,3.54 11,656 12,634 4,873 3,179 12 45 to 54 years.. 19,414 6,558 6, 773 2,318 3,760 5 55 to 64 years. 11,066 3, 946 2,878 939 3,302 1 65 years and over. 5, 772 2,203 937 276 2,355 1 Unknown. 11 7 1 3 The citv. 235,981 160,780 42,071 18,253 14, 799 78 Total Males. Under 15 years. 32.426 32,393 3 2 i 21 15 to 17 years.. 6,889 6,872 5 4 5 3 18 and 19 years.. 5,561 5,467 31 59 3 1 20 years.. 3 077 2,932 56 84 5 21 to 24 years.. . 12,087 10,500 780 766 39 2 25 to 29 years. . 15.025 10,630 2,659 1,613 122 1 30 to 34 years. 12.418 6, 736 3,753 1,686 241 2 35 to 44 years. 17.852 6,992 7,485 2,645 724 6 45 to 54 years... 10,224 3 458 4,459 1,426 879 2 55 to 64 years. 5,384 1,945 2,034 626 779 65 vears and over. 2,306 807 737 194 568 Unknown. 9 5 i 3 The city. 123,258 88, 737 22,003 9,105 3,372 41 Total Females. Under 15 years. 33,681 7,628 5,241 2,811 9,624 11,332 9,564 14,502 9,190 5,682 3,466 2 33, 647 7,226 4,310 2,017 5,573 4,860 / 10 3 14 15 to 17 years. 226 165 6 5 18 and 1*9 years. 546 359 25 1 20 years.. 470 285 37 2 21 to 24 vears. 2,556 4,017 3,739 5,149 2,314 844 1,268 1,860 1,686 2,228 892 226 1 25 to 29 years. 594 1 30 to 34 years. 3,247 4,664 3,100 2,001 1,396 2 890 2 35 to 44 years. 2,4.55 2,881 2,523 1,787 6 45 to 54 vears. 3 55 to 64 vears. 313 1 65 years and over. 200 82 1 Unknown. The city. 112, 723 72,043 20,068 9,148 11,427 37 CONJUGAL CONDITION 339 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex , race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF HABANA—Continued. Total Native White. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 44,069 44,023 8 5 7 26 15 to 17 years. 8,523 8,249 188 71 9 6 18 and 19 vears. 5,647 5,011 479 138 17 2 20 vears. 2,742 2,211 379 121 29 2 21 to 24 vears. 9,752 6,615 2,299 650 187 1 25 to 29 vears. 10,684 5,127 4,047 1,021 489 30 t ) 34 years. 8j 678 2,837 4; 163 928 748 2 35 to 44 vears. 12,483 2,934 6,368 1,151 2,024 6 45 to 54 vears. 6,938 1,210 3,124 447 2,154 3 55 to 64 vears. 3,919 633 1,254 160 1,872 65 vears and over. 2, 094 369 '410 35 1,280 Unknown. 3 2 1 The city. 115,532 79,221 22,719 4,727 8,816 49 Native White Males. Under 15 vears. 21,712 3,760 2,508 1,170 4,361 4,900 4,046 5,545 2,868 1,407 661 2 15 to 17 vears. 18 and 19 vears. 20 vears. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 vears. 35 to 44 vears. 45 to 54 vears. 55 to 64 vears. 65 vears and over. Unknown. The city. 52,940 21,690 2 1 5 14 3,749 4 5 2 2,454 27 26 1 1,098 43 26 3 3,595 469 270 27 2,952 1,336 540 72 1,722 1,652 541 131 1,565 2,959 668 352 1 530 1,673 263 401 1 229 735 103 340 107 291 25 238 1 1 39, 692 9,191 2,463 1,574 20 Native White Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. 22,357 22,333 6 4 2 12 4,763 4,500 184 71 4 4 3,139 2,557 452 112 17 1 1,572 1,113 336 95 26 2 5,391 3,020 1,830 380 160 1 5,784 2,175 2,711 481 417 4,632 1,115 2,511 387 617 2 6,938 1,369 3,409 483 1,672 5 4,070 680 1,451 184 1, / d3 2 2,512 404 519 57 1,532 1,433 262 119 10 1,042 1 1 62,592 39,529 13,528 2,264 7,242 29 The city 340 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF HABANA—Continued. Total Foreign White. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city ... Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 2,332 2,327 2 8 1,594 U570 20 3 1 2,095 2,021 52 19 3 1,463 1,372 70 20 1 6,588 5,635 679 233 40 1 8,770 6,250 1,910 487 121 2 7,463 3,997 2,664 585 215 2 11,264 4,225 5,250 1,007 777 5 6,454 1,790 3,110 479 1,073 2 3,323 767 1,336 192 1,027 1 1,552 295 436 53 767 1 3 2 1 52,901 30,251 15,528 3,080 4,024 18 Foreign White Males. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. 1,269 1,302 1,816 1,237 5,554 7,192 5,972 8,854 4,788 2,285 918 3 1,267 1,301 1,809 1,221 5,164 5, 761 3,672 3,802 1,550 637 208 2 2 1 2 4 1 7 9 234 147 8 1 1,047 346 37 1 1,799 416 83 2 3,978 766 303 5 2,471 386 380 1 1,113 154 381 '382 43 285 1 • The city 41,190 26,394 11,034 2,271 1,478 13 Foreign White Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over 1,063 1,060 292 269 20 279 212 50 226 151 63 1,034 471 445 1,578 489 863 1,491 325 865 2,410 423 1,272 1,666 240 639 1,038 130 223 634 87 54 3 15 2 11 1 86 32 141 84 i 169 132 241 474 93 693 l 38 646 l 10 482 l Unknown 11,711 3,857 4,494 809 i 2,546 5 The city CONJUGAL CONDITION 341 Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF HABANA—Continued. Total Colored. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city.... Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 19, 706 19,690 2 5 3 6 4,400 4,279 23 95 2 1 3,060 2,745 46 261 8 1,683 1,366 77 228 12 5,371 3,823 358 1,151 38 1 6,903 4,113 719 1,965 106 5,841 3,149 665 1,859 168 8,607 4,497 1,016 2,715 378 i 6, 022 3,558 539 1,392 533 3,824 2,546 288 587 403 2,126 5 1,539 3 91 188 308 2 67,548 51,308 3,824 10,446 1,959 11 Colored Males. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city.... 9,445 9,436 1 1 2 5 1,827 1,822 1 4 1,237 1,204 2 29 2 670 613 6 49 2 2,172 1,741 77 349 4 1 2,933 1,917 276 727 13 2,400 1,342 302 729 27 3,453 1, 625 548 1,211 69 2,568 1,378 315 777 98 1,692 1,079 186 369 58 727 492 64 126 45 4 2 2 29,128 22,651 1,778 4,371 320 8 Colored Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. 10,261 10,254 1 4 1 1 2,573 2,457 22 91 2 1 1,823 1,541 44 232 6 1,013 753 71 179 10 3,199 2,082 281 802 34 3,970 2,196 443 1,238 93 3,441 1,807 363 1,130 141 5,154 2,872 468 1,504 309 i 3,454 2,180 224 615 435 2,132 1,467 102 218 345 1,399 1,047 27 62 263 1 1 38,420 28,657 2,046 6,075 1,639 3 The city 342 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS. Total Population. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city ... Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 12,204 12,185 1 18 2,498 2 ,447 23 27 1 . 1,689 1,545 78 63 3 855 735 ' 57 56 7 2,896 2,119 418 307 51 1 3,374 1,894 852 480 148 2,679 1,131 901 459 187 1 4,384 1,485 1,637 714 547 1 2,908 939 1,000 402 567 1,759 593 463 195 508 1,122 444 177 112 389 6 3 2 1 36,374 25,520 5,607 2,817 2,409 21 Total Males. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city ... 5,985 5, 980 6 L 099 1,099 688 '681 2 5 363 344 6 12 1 1,308 1,114 90 100 3 1 1,470 946 294 214 16 1,243 581 398 238 26 2,103 734 882 388 98 1 1,332 378 607 231 116 867 274 334 137 122 466 168 130 80 88 2 1 1 16,926 12,300 2,743 1,406 470 7 Total Females. Under 15 vears. 6,219 1,399 6,205 1,348 1 15 to 17 vears. 23 27 1 18 and 19 years. i;ooi 492 864 76 58 3 20 years. 391 51 44 6 21 to 24 years. 1,588 1,90-1 1,436 2,281 1,005 948 328 207 48 25 to 29 years. 558 266 132 30 to 34 years. 550 503 221 161 35 to 44 vears. 751 755 326 449 45 to 54 vears. 1,576 892 561 393 171 451 55 to 64 years. 319 129 58 386 65 vears and over. 656 276 47 32 301 Unknown. 4 2 1 1 The city. 19,448 13,220 2,864 1,411 1,939 13 14 CONJUGAL CONDITION 343 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS—Continued. Total Native White. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Tinder 15 years. 8,102 8,085 1 16 15 to 17 vears. l' 647 1,614 20 12 1 18 and 19 years. 11091 994 67 28 2 20 years. '502 431 45 19 7 21 to 24 years. 1,740 1,237 339 119 44 1 25 to 29 vears. 1,869 965 627 154 123 30 to 34 years. l' 399 456 659 128 156 35 to 44 years. 2,240 495 1,144 161 439 i 45 to 54 vears. 1,306 202 629 67 408 55 to 64 years. 667 95 248 15 309 . 65 years and over. 366 54 78 6 228 TTn known. 2 1 1 i The city. 20,931 14,629 3,857 709 1,718 18 Native White Males. T T nder 15 vears. 4,005 4,000 5 15 to 17 vears . '702 '702 18 and 19 years. 422 419 1 2 20 vears . 198 189 6 2 i 21 to 24 years. 722 600 73 45 3 1 95 to 99 years. 723 450 186 74 13 SO to 34 years. . 595 234 257 83 21 35 to 44 years. 960 269 522 99 69 i 45 to 54 years. 518 83 328 40 67 55 to 64 years. 260 35 153 15 57 65 vears and over. 113 14 48 6 45 Unknown . 1 1 i The city. 9,219 6,996 1.574 366 276 7 Native White Females. Under 15 vears. 4,097 4,085 1 11 15 to 17 years. '945 912 20 12 1 j 8 and 19 years. 669 575 66 26 2 20 years. 304 242 39 17 6 21 to 24 years. 1,018 637 266 74 41 25 to 29 years.... l' 146 515 441 80 110 30 to 34 years . 804 222 402 45 135 35 to 44 years. 1,280 226 622 62 370 45 to 54 years . 788 119 301 27 341 55 to 64 years. . 407 60 95 252 65 years and over. 253 40 30 183 Unknown. 1 1 The city. 11,712 7,633 2,283 343 1,442 11 344 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS—Continued. Total Foreign White. Total. Single. • Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 139 139 15 to 17 vears. 68 67 1 18 and 19 years. 88 83 4 1 20 vears. 66 63 2 1 21 to 24 vears. 367 317 41 8 1 25 to 29 vears. 469 303 125 28 13 30 to 34 vears. 411 219 139 34 19 35 to 44 years. 769 274 352 75 68 45 to 54 years. 587 126 301 42 118 55 to 64 years. 435 65 190 20 160 65 years and over... 245 25 92 11 117 The city. 3,644 1,681 1,247 220 496 Foreign White Males. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over The city.... 75 75 48 48 68 68 54 53 1 296 280 9 7 375 276 193 71 26 2 320 94 30 3 618 245 283 65 25 419 105 235 37 42 284 49 161 17 57 138 16 77 9 36 2,695 1,408 930 192 165 Foreign White Females. Under 15 years ... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years ... 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over 64 64 20 19 1 20 15 4 . 12 10 2 71 37 32 1 1 94 27 54 2 11 91 26 45 4 16 151 29 69 10 43 168 21 66 5 76 151 16 29 3 103 107 9 15 2 81 949 273 317 28 331 The city CONJUGAL CONDITION 34 5 Tarle XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS—Continued. Total Colored. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city.... Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 41 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city.... Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 3,963 3,961 766 2 783 2 15 510 468 7 34 1 287 241 10 36 789 565 38 180 6 1,036 626 100 298 12 869 456 103 297 12 i 1,375 716 141 478 40 1,015 611 70 293 41 657 433 25 160 39 511 365 7 95 44 4 2 2 11,799 9,210 503 1,888 195 3 Colored Males. 1,905 1,905 349 349 198 194 1 3 . 111 102 9 290 234 8 48 . 372 220 37 114 1 328 154 47 125 2 525 220 77 224 4 395 190 44 154 7 323 190 20 105 8 215 138 5 65 7 1 1 5,012 3,896 239 848 29 Colored Females. 2,058 2,056 2 434 417 2 15 312 274 6 31 1 176 139 10 27 499 331 30 132 6 664 406 63 184 11 541 302 56 172 10 1 850 496 64 2.54 36 620 421 26 139 34 334 243 5 55 31 296 227 2 30 37 3 2 1 6,787 5,314 264 1,040 166 3 The city 346 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XVII.— Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Total Population. Total. Single. Married. Liring together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 rears. 9.091 9,089 1 1 15 to 17 rears. 1.678 1,636 35 7 18 and 19 years. 970 869 82 13 6 20 rears 558 478 67 11 2 21 to 24 rears. 1,447 1,026 346 55 20 25 to 29 years. 1,626 868 598 101 59 30 to 34 rears. 1,839 788 802 132 117 35 to 44 rears. 3,079 977 1,453 225 423 1 45 to 54 rears. 2,263 668 911 134 550 55 to 64 rears. 1.530 434 459 71 566 65 rears and orer. 1, 021 322 202 35 461 1 The citr. 25,102 17,155 4,956 785 2,204 2 Total Males. Under 15 rears. 4,448 4,447 1 15 to 17 rears. ' 642 '642 18 and 19 years. 396 392 2 1 1 . 20 rears . 214 207 6 1 21 to 24 rears. 633 533 80 19 1 . 25 to 29 rears. 667 421 192 48 6 . 30 to 34 rears. 740 345 309 65 21 . 35 to 44 rears. 1.276 377 737 106 56 . 45 to 54 rears. 902 246 499 81 76 . 55 to 64 years. 591 175 280 47 89 . 65 years and orer. 403 134 144 24 101 The city. 10,912 7,919 2,249 393 351 . Total Females. Under 15 rears. 4,643 4,642 1 15 to 17 rears. l! 036 994 35 7 18 and 19 years. 574 477 80 12 5 . 20 rears. 344 271 61 10 2 21 to 24 years. 814 493 266 36 19 25 to 29 rears. 959 447 406 53 53 30 to 34 rears. 1,099 443 493 67 96 35 to 44 rears. 1,803 600 716 119 367 1 45 to 54 rears. 1.361 422 412 53 474 55 to 64 years. 939 259 179 24 477 . 65 years and orer. 618 188 58 11 360 1 The city. 14,190 9,236 JO © 392 1,853 2 CONJUGAL CONDITION 347 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total Native White. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 6,625 6,624 1 15 to 17 years. 1,182 1,148 31 3 18 and 19 years. 658 574 69 9 6 20 years. 347 283 59 3 2 21 to 24 years. 886 579 • 266 25 16 25 to 29 years. 931 436 412 35 48 30 to 34 years. 1,178 399 623 65 91 35 to 44 vears. 1,974 479 1,055 110 329 1 45 to 54 years. l’ 337 303 604 51 379 55 to 64 years. 890 180 291 22 397 65 years and over. 497 99 94 7 297 The city. 16,505 . H,104 3,505 330 1,565 1 Native White Males. Under 15 vears. 3,199 3,199 15 to 17 years. '450 450 18 and 19 years. 263 260 2 1 20 years. 121 118 3 21 to 24 years. 343 282 55 6 25 to 29 vears. 338 201 119 14 4 30 to 34 years. 432 165 219 33 15 35 to 44 years. 764 176 501 49 38 45 to 54 years. 434 90 283 26 35 55 to 64 years. 272 54 161 12 45 65 years and over. 148 27 70 5 46 The city. 6,764 5,022 1,413 145 184 Native White Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over 3,426 3,425 1 '732 '698 31 3 395 314 67 9 5 226 165 56 3 2 543 297 211 19 16 593 235 293 21 44 746 234 404 . 32 76 1,210 303 554 61 291 i 903 213 321 25 344 618 126 130 10 352 349 72 24 2 251 9,741 6,082 2,092 185 1,381 1 The city 348 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XYII.— Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total Foreign White. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years... 18 and 19 years... 20 years . 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over The city.... Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid- dowed. Un¬ known. 70 70 32 32 29 28 1 28 25 2 1 129 104 19 6 174 116 42 14 2 132 76 43 10 3 266 83 152 22 9 217 34 127 25 31 130 21 67 6 36 76 13 29 4 30 1,283 602 482 88 111 Foreign White Males. Under 15 years. 39 39 15 to 17 years. 24 24 18 and 19 years. 22 22 20 years. 18 17 1 21 to 24 years. no 94 12 4 25 to 29 years. 158 112 32 14 30 to 34 years. 122 73 36 10 3 35 to 44 years. 237 77 133 21 6 45 to 54 vears. 196 34 121 23 18 55 to 64 years. 100 16 61 4 19 65 years and over. 58 12 25 4 17 The city. 1.084 520 421 80 63 Foreign White Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over The city ... 31 31 8 8 7 6 1 10 8 1 1 19 10 7 9 16 4 10 2 10 3 7 29 6 19 1 3 21 6 9 13 30 5 6 2 17 18 1 4 13 199 82 61 8 48 CONJUGAL CONDITION 349 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total Colored. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. Under 15 years. 2,396 2,395 1 15 to 17 years. '464 '456 4 4 18 and 19 years. 283 267 12 4 20 years. 183 170 6 7 21 to 24 years. 432 343 61 24 4 25 to 29 years. 521 316 144 52 9 30 to 34 years . 529 313 136 57 23 35 to 44 years. 839 415 246 93 85 45 to 54 years. 709 331 180 58 140 55 to 64 years. 510 233 101 43 133 65 years and over. 448 210 79 24 134 1 The city. 7,314 5,449 969 367 528 1 Colored Males. Under 15 years .. 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years.... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over . The city. 1,210 1,209 1 ' 168 ' 168 111 110 1 75 72 2 1 180 157 13 9 1 171 108 41 20 2 186 107 54 22 3 275 124 103 36 12 272 122 95 32 23 219 105 58 31 25 197 95 49 15 38 3,064 2,377 415 168 104 Colored Females. Under 15 years. 1,186 1,186 15 to 17 years. 296 288 4 4 18 and 19 years. 172 157 12 3 20 years. 108 98 4 6 21 to 24 years. 252 186 48 15 3 25 to 29 years. 350 208 103 32 7 30 to 34 years . 343 206 82 35 20 35 to 44 years. 564 291 143 57 73 45 to 54 years . 437 209 85 26 117 55 to 64 years. 291 128 43 12 108 65 years and over. 251 115 30 9 96 1 The city. 4,250 3,072 554 199 424 1 350 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO. Total Population. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city.... Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city ... Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 14,640 14,637 2 1 3; 048 2 ,952 51 42 2 1 2,023 1,803 133 83 4 1,026 852 97 68 8 1 2,789 1,990 486 270 40 3 3,604 2,000 981 501 122 3,707 1,627 1,224 634 221 1 5,862 2,338 1,982 966 574 2 3,590 1,498 1,003 496 593 1,832 825 335 194 478 966 475 102 43 346 3 1 2 43,090 30,998 6,396 3,299 2,388 9 Total Males. 7,135 7,133 1 ✓ 1 lj 319 1.316 1 1 1 891 877 5 9 449 416 15 16 1 1 1,311 1,107 108 90 4 2 1,727 1,114 359 235 19 1,778 822 605 311 39 1 2,743 1,002 1,104 504 132 1 1,569 508 646 301 114 683 225 233 138 87 315 140 77 29 69 2 1 1 19,922 14,661 3,154 1,635 465 / Total Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years... 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 5-1 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. 7,505 7,504 1 1,729 1,636 50 41 2 1,132 926 128 74 4 577 436 82 52 7 1,478 883 378 180 36 1 1,877 886 622 266 103 1,929 805 619 323 182 3,119 1,336 878 462 442 1 2,021 990 357 195 479 1,149 600 102 56 391 651 335 25 14 277 1 1 23,168 16,337 3,242 1,664 1,923 2 The city CONJUGAL CONDITION 351 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition bg age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total Native White. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. £0 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city.... Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 5,937 5,937 1,150 i; 113 23 12 1 i 737 653 55 26 3 358 293 46 18 1 966 663 216 66 19 2 1,095 528 410 96 61 1,145 403 520 111 111 1,869 573 833 183 279 i 1,128 304 412 76 336 567 143 158 26 240 305 80 43 5 177 1 1 15,258 10,691 2,716 619 1,228 4 Native White Males. Under 15 years. 2,967 2,967 15 to 17 vears. '511 '508 1 1 1 18 and 19 vears. 297 292 2 3 20 vears. 160 152 3 5 21 to 24 vears. 410 347 43 17 2 i 25 to 29 vears. 443 248 138 49 8 30 to 34 vears. 461 175 218 53 15 35 to 44 vears.. 783 237 406 96 44 45 to 54 years. 400 91 216 48 45 55 to 64 years. 184 34 98 17 35 65 vears and over. 85 17 33 5 30 Unknown. 1 1 The citv. 6,702 5,069 1,158 294 179 2 Native White Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. 2,970 2,970 639 '605 22 11 1 440 361 53 23 3 198 141 43 13 1 556 316 173 49 17 1 652 280 272 47 53 684 228 302 58 96 1,086 336 427 87 235 i 728 213 196 28 291 383 109 60 9 205 220 63 10 147 8,556 5,622 1,558 325 1,049 2 The city 352 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XVII. — Conjugal condition by age , sex , race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total Foreign White. Under 15 years ... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Unknown. The city ... Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un- known. 251 251 73 67 4 2 143 131 12 73 62 9 1 1 . 330 269 50 11 572 394 129 40 9 494 270 152 49 23 821 340 342 82 56 1 461 153 199 55 54 151 50 52 16 33 69 28 18 2 21 2 2 3,440 2,015 969 258 197 1 Foreign White Males. Under 15 vears. 127 127 15 to 17 years. 43 43 18 and 19 years. 110 110 20 years. 49 46 2 1 21 to 24 years. 276 250 19 7 25 to 29 years. 479 363 77 35 4 30 to 34 years. 423 257 119 41 6 35 to 44 vears. 705 310 282 76 36 1 45 to 54 years. 408 144 177 53 34 55 to 64 years. 125 42 50 15 18 65 vears and over. 49 20 17 2 10 Unknown. 1 1 The city. 2,795 1,712 744 230 108 1 Foreign White Females. Under 15 vears. 124 124 15 to 17 years. 30 24 4 2 18 and 19 vears. 33 21 12 20 vears. 24 16 7 1 21 to 24 vears. 54 19 31 4 25 to 29 vears 93 31 52 5 5 30 to 34 vears.. 71 13 33 8 17 35 to 44 vears. 116 30 60 6 20 45 to 54 vears. 53 9 22 2 20 55 to 64 vears. 26 8 2 1 15 65 vears and over. 20 8 1 11 Unknown. 1 1 The city. 645 303 225 28 89 CONJUGAL CONDITION 353 Table XVII .—Conjugal condition by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total Colored. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18 and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over The city ... Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 8,452 1,825 8,449 1,772 2 1 24 28 1 1,143 1,019 66 57 1 595 497 42 49 6 1 1,493 1,058 220 193 21 1 1,937 1,078 442 365 52 2, 068 9.54 552 474 87 1 3,172 1,425 807 701 239 2,001 1,041 392 365 203 1,114 592 632 125 152 205 367 41 36 148 24,392 18,292 2,711 2,422 963 4 Colored Males. Under 15 years. 4,041 4,039 1 1 15 to 17 years. 765 '765 18 and 19 years. 484 475 3 6 20 years. 240 218 10 10 1 1 21 to 24 years. 625 510 46 66 2 1 25 to 29 vears. 805 503 144 151 7 30 to 34 years. 894 390 268 217 18 i 35 to 44 vears . 1,255 455 416 332 52 45 to 54 years. 761 273 253 200 35 55 to 64 years. 374 149 85 106 34 65 years and over. 181 103 27 22 29 The city. 10,425 7,880 1,252 1,111 178 4 Colored Females. Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years. 18and 19 years... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over The city ... 4,411 1,060 659 355 868 1,132 1,174 1,917 1,240 740 411 4,410 1,007 544 279 548 575 564 970 768 483 264 1 28 51 39 127 214 257 369 165 46 14 24 63 32 174 298 284 391 139 40 14 1 1 5 19 45 69 187 168 171 119 13,967 10,412 1,459 1,311 785 24662 - 23 354 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XVIII. — Illegitimate children. CUBA. Total. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 years and' over. All classes. 185,030 37,060 56,650 47,161 26,833 10,061 7,265 Males. 92,126 18,557 28,768 24,121 12.411 5,071 3,198 Females. 92,904 18,503 27,882 23,040 14,422 4,990 4,067 Native white. 58,686 12,140 19,093 15,554 8,051 2,577 1,271 Males. 30,185 6,171 10,011 7,960 3,893 1,468 682 Females. 28,501 5,969 9,082 7,594 4,158 1,109 .589 Foreign white. 254 28 48 52 50 37 39 Males. 143 13 25 28 29 22 26 Females. m 15 23 24 21 15 13 Colored. 126,090 24,892 37,509 31,555 18, 732 7,447 5,955 Males. 61,798 12,373 18,732 16,133 8,489 3,581 2,490 Females. 64,292 12,519 18, 777 15,422 10,243 3,866 3,465 PROVINCE OF HABANA. All classes. 28,303 5,897 7,863 6,521 4,237 2,016 1,769 Males. 13,665 2,855 3,890 3,275 1,955 923 767 Females. 14,638 3,042 3,973 3,246 2,282 1,093 1,002 Native white. 6,737 1,834 2,090 1,492 789 321 211 Males. 3,345 884 1,074 717 393 174 103 Females. 3,392 9-50 1,016 775 396 147 108 Foreign white. 135 13 30 26 25 19 22 Males. 70 7 14 12 13 10 14 Females. 65 6 16 14 12 9 8 Colored. 21,431 4,050 5,743 5,003 3,423 1,676 1,536 Males. 10,250 1,964 2,802 2,546 1,549 739 650 Females. 11,181 2,086 2,941 2,457 1,874 937 886 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. All classes. 24,363 5,338 7,331 6,088 3,227 1,247 1,132 Males. 11,969 2,662 3,629 3,192 1,456 583 447 Females. 12,394 2,676 3,702 2,896 1,771 661 685 Native white. 2,678 580 813 735 341 120 89 Males. 1,332 286 395 386 162 67 36 Females. 1,346 294 418 349 179 53 53 Foreign white. 17 ' 2 3 4 4 4 Males. 11 2 3 2 4 Females. 6 2 1 1 2 Colored. 21,668 4,758 6,516 6,350 2,882 1,123 1,039 Males. 10,626 2,376 3,234 2,804 1,291 514 407 Females. 11,042 2,382 3,282 2,546 1,591 609 632 ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN 355 Table XVIII. — Illegitimate children — Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Total. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over. All classes. 17,976 4,317 5,963 4,299 2,126 756 515 Males. 8,820 2,157 3,011 2,094 942 361 255 Females. 9,156 2,160 2,952 2,205 1,184 395 260 Native white. 7,043 1,830 2,455 1,608 721 276 153 Males. 3,572 935 1,284 774 348 148 83 Females. 3, 471 895 1,171 834 373 128 70 Foreign white. 11 1 2 3 1 4 Males. 7 1 3 1 2 Females. 4 1 1 2 Colored. 10, 922 2,486 3, 506 2,688 1,104 480 358 Males. 5,241 1,222 1,726 1,317 593 213 170 Females. 5, 681 1,264 1,780 1,371 811 267 188 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. All classes. 8,483 1,923 2,602 2,170 1,206 359 223 Males. 4,354 984 1,367 1,137 577 186 103 Females. 4,129 939 1,235 1,033 629 173 120 Native white. 5,004 1,164 1,654 1,318 653 155 60 Males. 2,621 589 875 699 327 91 40 Females. 2,383 575 779 619 326 64 20 Foreign white. 5 1 •2 1 1 Males.. 3 1 1 1 Females. 2 2 Colored. 3,474 758 946 851 552 204 163 Males. 1,730 394 492 437 249 95 63 Females. 1,744 364 454 414 303 109 100 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. All classes. 31,576 5,674 9,474 8,395 4,887 1,813 1,333 Males. 15,337 2,867 4,735 4,239 2,130 834 532 Females. 16,239 2,807 4,739 4,156 2,757 979 801 Native Avhite. 8,936 1,507 2,807 2,641 1,327 454 200 Males. 4,544 764 1,445 1,346 625 254 110 Females. 4,392 743 1,362 1,295 702 200 90 Foreign white. 49 3 8 10 9 13 6 Males. 32 1 6 7 4 10 4 Females. 17 2 2 3 5 3 2 Colored. 22,591 4,164 6,659 5. 744 3,551 1,346 1,127 Males. 10,761 2,102 3,284 2,886 1,501 570 418 Females. 11,830 2,062 3,375 2,858 2,050 776 709 356 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XVIII .—Illegitimate children — Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Total. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over. All classes. 74,329 13,911 23,417 19,688 11,150 3,870 2,293 Males. 37,981 7,032 12,136 10,181 5,351 2,184 1,091 Females. 36,348 6,879 11,281 9,504 5,799 1,686 1,199 Native white. 28,288 5,225 9,274 7,760 4,220 1,251 558 Males. 14,771 2,713 4,938 4,038 2,038 734 310 Females. 13,517 2,512 4,336 3,722 2,182 517 248 Foreign white. 37 10 4 9 10 1 3 Males. 20 4 4 3 7 2 Females. 17 6 6 3 1 1 Colored. 46,004 8,676 14,139 11,919 6,920 2,618 1,732 Males. 23,190 4,315 7,194 6,143 3,306 1,450 782 Females. 22,814 4,361 6,945 5, 776 3,614 1,168 950 CITY OF CIENFUEGOS. All classes. 2,862 544 787 739 476 187 129 Males. 1,371 1,491 275 370 368 215 93 50 Females. 269 417 371 261 94 79 Native white. 800 181 244 210 107 45 13 Males. 403 90 124 98 52 29 10 Females. 397 91 120 112 55 16 3 Foreign white. 1 1 Males. 1 1 Females. Colored. 2,061 362 543 529 369 142 116 Males. 967 184 246 270 163 64 40 Females. 1,004 178 297 259 206 78 76 CITY OF HABANA. All classes. 17,760 3,936 4,873 3,759 2,679 1,319 1,194 Males. 8,491 1,892 2,400 1,887 1,225 583 504 Females. 9,269 2,044 2,473 1, 872 1,454 736 690 Native white.. 4,624 1,360 1,426 964 520 205 149 Males. 2,268 655 718 464 245 108 78 Females. 2,356 705 708 600 275 97 71 Foreign white. 100 9 23 14 19 14 21 Males. 50 5 10 5 11 6 13 Females. 50 4 13 9 8 8 8 Colored. 13,036 2,567 3,424 2,781 2,140 1,100 1,024 Males. 6,173 1,232 1,672 1,418 969 469 413 Females. 6,863 1,335 1,752 1,363 1,171 631 611 ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN 357 Table XVIII .—Illegitimate children —Continued. CITY OP MATANZAS. Total. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over. All classes. 3,561 689 960 859 539 278 236 Males. 1,765 345 485 463 249 131 92 Females. 1,796 344 475 396 290 147 144 Native white. 629 151 194 156 76 32 20 Males. 329 80 99 86 37 18 9 Females. 300 71 95 70 39 14 11 TTnrpi pti wViit.p 1 1 Males . 1 1 Females . Colored. 2,931 538 766 703 462 246 216 Males. 1,435 265 386 377 211 113 83 Females. 1,496 273 380 326 251 133 133 CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. All classes. 1,946 383 516 456 324 148 119 Males. 974 193 269 242 147 74 49 Females. 972 190 247 214 177 74 70 Native white. 708 138 219 183 113 40 15 Males. 360 72 111 95 56 18 8 Females... 348 66 108 88 57 22 7 Foreign white. Males. Females Colored. 1,238 245 297 273 211 108 104 Males. 614 121 158 147 91 56 41 Females. 624 124 139 126 120 52 63 CITY OF SANTIAGO. All classes. 5,824 733 1,564 1,534 1,075 462 456 Males. 2,853 365 780 777 511 230 190 Females. 2,971 368 784 757 564 232 266 Native white. 1,193 168 372 322 220 65 46 Males. 622 91 200 171 104 37 19 Females. 571 77 172 151 116 28 27 Foreign white. 15 8 3 1 2 1 Males. 8 4 3 1 Females. 7 4 1 1 1 Colored. 4, §16 557 1,189 1,211 853 397 409 Males. 2,223 270 577 606 406 193 171 Females. 2,393 287 612 605 447 204 238 358 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. Table XIX .—School attendance, literacy, and superior education. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Provinces. Total popu¬ lation. Under 10 years of age. Ten years of age and over. Superior edu¬ cation. Attended school. Did not at¬ tend school. Attended school. Can neither read nor write. Can read,but can not write. Can read and write. Not stated. Yes. No. Habana. 424,804 14,652 65,076 16,221 133,567 11,630 183,021 637 9,097 415,707 City of Habana .. 235,981 9.881 32,230 10, 792 1*8,122 7 ,822 127,039 95 7,282 228,699 Matanzas. ..t. 202.444 6,698 36.449 7,995 96,067 4,567 50,376 292 2,613 199,831 Pinar del Rio.. 172,064 1,655 41,102 1,757 100,513 1.490 26,415 132 746 172,318 Puerto Principe. 88,234 2.196 22,252 2,202 32,440 2,528 26,458 158 1,482 86,752 Santa Clara. 356.530 8,897 68,212 11,404 171,305 8,008 88,490 120 1,977 354,559 Santiago. 327, 715 6,461 83,237 7,797 156,673 4,549 68,910 88 3,243 324,472 Cuba .. 1,572,797 40,559 316,428 47,376 690,565 32,772 443,670 1,427 19,1581,553,639 1 PROVINCE OF HABANA. District. Total popula¬ tion. Under 10 years of age. Ten years of age and over. Superior edu cation. i ^ o G O ^ to -4-> eg O o ct, p to rp Q® 01 * o G O O G3 -43 < ^ G ^G +3 6 PH? +3 p r G £ ti¬ cs !-> " G ® £ 0 §g 0 g G ce S- £ s- « > G " d O •+3 eg -43 to -43 O & Yes. No. Aguacate.. 3,163 112 490 125 1,567 107 761 1 23 3,140 Alquizar_ 8,746 138 1,634 153 4,411 135 2,275 68 8,678 Bainoa.. l| 725 18 289 15 921 26 455 1 rr i 1,718 Batabano.. 6,523 282 1,119 237 2,722 87 2,074 2 60 6,463 Bauta... 5.142 70 909 75 2,758 68 1,262 28 5,114 Bejucal__ 5,756 195 960 175 2,467 71 1,887 1 81 5,0i 0 Cano. 4,210 98 750 123 2,014 78 1,145 2 21 4,189 Casiguas__ 1.004 18 162 16 573 22 213 12 992 Catalina... 2,718 61 454 74 1,529 21 578 1 10 2,708 Ceiba del Agua. 2,197 59 403 46 1,151 23 513 2 8 2.189 Guanabacoa.. 20,080 613 3.306 787 6,823 806 7,732 13 290 19.790 City of Guanaba- coa . 13,965 5GU 2,01*9 717 3,813 61*7 6,162 13 268 13,097 Guara ___ 1,835 40 367 37 1,019 1 371 i 1,828 Giiines.. 11,394 222 1,787 325 5,580 201 3,276 3 82 11,312 Guira do Melena_ 11,548 182 2,173 195 5,928 4 4 2,972 21 105 11,443 Habana . . 242,055 9,967 33,3< X) 10,966 50,527 8,008 129,186 101 7,353 234, 702 City of Habana ... 235,981 9,881 32,230 10,792 1*8,122 7 ,822 127,039 95 7.282 228,699 Isla de Pinos_ 3,199 38 784 37 1,343 42 954 1 22 Mm 3,177 Jaruco. 4,076 183 578 241 1,974 76 1,021 1 36 4,040 Madruga. 3,744 51 624 rrrr 77 2,044 34 910 4 12 3,732 Managua. 2,887 :u 589 :19 1,553 56 616 6 2,881 Marianao . 8,593 295 1,371 369 2,909 185 3,459 5 159 8i 434 Melena del Sur . 3,207 105 560 84 1.833 42 583 10 3,197 NuevaPaz. 7,761 168 1,432 188 3,829 87 2,052 5 47 7,714 Pipian... 1,101 167 1 631 10 290 2 1,099 Quivic&n. 2,423 96 425 92 1,226 30 554 26 2J197 Regia. 11.363 565 1,790 563 3! 023 413 4,972 37 294 11.069 Salud .. 3,293 64 630 58 1,845 57 638 1 9 3,284 San Antonio de las Vegas. 1,855 74 333 79 971 12 385 1 20 1,835 San Antonio de los 1 Banos.. 12,631 366 2,217 410 5,490 .‘162 3,885 1 106 12,525 San Felipe. 1,915 59 359 76 1.009 45 365 *> :18 1,877 San Josede las Lajas. 4.154 88 734 89 2,142 61 1,038 16 4,138 San N icolas .. .. 4.568 19 915 27 2,589 53 962 3 18 4.553 Santa Cruz del Norte. 2.965 1 510 1 1,845 24 584 6 2,959 Santa Maria del Rosario.. 2,7:«i 62 4.50 37 1,356 1 1'.' 675 1 29 2,701 Santiago de las Vegas 10,276 265 1,781 341 3,612 230 3.620 427 4 4 10,199 Tapaste. 1,551 M 268 13 1,001 29 232 5 1.546 Vereda Nueva. 2,416 36 456 48 1,350 526 4 2; 412 The province 124,801 14,652 65,076 16,221 133.567 11,610 183,021 637 9,097 415,707 LITERACY 359 Table XIX .—School attendance, literacy , and superior education —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] District. Total popula¬ tion. Under 10 years of age. Ten years of age and over. Superior edu¬ cation. Attended school. Did not at¬ tend school. Attended school. Can neither read nor write. Canread,but can not write. Can read and write. Not stated. Yes. No. Alacranes.. 8,110 236 1,335 280 4,610 139 1,493 17 t t 8,033 Bolondron... 9,179 185 1,779 200 5,069 163 1,780 3 91 9,088 Cabezas ... 5,181 93 960 101 3,225 42 760 3 13 5,171 Canasi... 1,993 52 282 87 1,310 5 254 3 16 1,977 Cardenas_ 21,861 1,225 4,115 1,558 8,034 806 9,080 43 399 24,462 City of Cardenas. 21,91+0 1,202 3,1+81+ 1,520 6,31+7 7 72 8,580 35 387 21,553 Carlos Rojas ..-. 3, 174 139 598 124 1,797 88 424 4 3 3,171 Colon..... 12,195 341 2,455 345 5, 467 317 3,258 12 90 12,105 Cuevitas. 5,807 100 1,169 96 3,230 123 1,084 5 18 5,789 Guamacaro ... 6,000 171 1,176 192 3, 474 65 910 12 62 5,938 Jagiiey Grande .. 5,853 131 1,198 114 3,227 72 1,100 11 27 5,826 Jovellanos. 7,529 256 1,437 275 3,509 142 1,889 21 155 7,374 Macagua... 5,042 67 1,143 93 2,966 64 706 3 45 4,997 Macuriges... 10,405 264 1,888 265 6,054 140 1,757 37 50 10,355 Marti. 8,905 205 1,824 162 5,119 112 1,478 5 49 8,856 Matanzas... 45,282 2,251 6,764 2,858 15,079 1,547 16,715 68 1,289 43,993 City of Matanzas. 36,37U 2,158 5,170 2,727 9,699 1,289 15,273 58 1,21+0 35,131+ Maximo-Gomez. 4,046 80 773 98 2,239 84 771 1 26 4,020 Mendez Capote. 2,158 5 405 13 1,335 40 347 13 4 2,154 Palmillas.. 7,647 158 1,643 178 4,315 71 1,276 6 34 7,613 Perico ... 4,449 109 764 158 2,378 95 942 3 23 4,426 Roque.. 4,464 72 779 68 2,744 81 716 4 15 4,449 Sabaniila.... 5,205 135 959 191 2,909 88 919 4 51 5,154 San Jose de los Ramos • 6,765 225 1,404 262 3,702 115 1,047 10 27 6,738 Santa Ana.... 2,965 i 626 59 1,827 16 429 1 8 2,957 Union de Reyes. 5,226 191 973 218 2,448 152 1,241 3 41 5,185 The province... 202,444 6,698 36,449 7,995 96,067 4,567 50,376 292 2,613 199,831 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Artemisa _ 9,317 57 1,698 72 5,442 76 1,960 12 45 9,272 Bahia Honda . 2,117 476 1,253 19 368 1 8 2,10!) Cabanas_ 3,853 5 634 19 2, 693 8 494 11 3; 842 Candelaria.. 4,866 83 830 111 2, 928 32 879 3 88 4,778 C o n s 61a c i 6 n del Norte. __ 7,399 68 1,994 43 4,450 50 792 2 17 7,382 Consolacion del Sur . 16,665 195 4,130 205 9, 399 239 2,484 13 74 16,591 Guana jay_ 8,796 22!) 1,684 238 3,938 147 2,559 1 74 8,722 Guane .... 14,760 9 3,086 13 9,550 59 2,034 9 20 14,740 Guayabal. 2,710 49 496 60 1,467 35 600 3 21 2,689 Julian Diaz__ 1,871 1 419 1,293 157 1 2 1,869 Los Palacios. 2, 456 2 523 3 1,466 34 424 4 14 2,442 Mantua.. 8,366 29 2,057 31 5,252 44 945 8 11 8,355 Mariel... 3,631 117 646 104 1,957 53 751 3 22 3,609 Pinar del Rio_ 38,343 463 10,092 470 20,852 406 6,032 28 206 38,137 City of Pinar del Rio __ 8,880 363 1,591+ 372 3,170 213 3,153 15 169 8,711 San Cristobal_ 4,263 26 826 39 2,537 26 808 1 19 4,244 San Diego d e los Banos__ 2,419 14 510 10 1,494 7 381 3 14 2,405 San Diego de Nunez. 1,137 261 714 14 148 1 1,136 San Juan y Martinez. 14;787 74 3,627 90 9,040 108 1,828 20 33 14,754 San Luis. 7.608 52 2,10!) 87 4,310 58 977 15 24. 7,584 Vinales. 17,700 182 5,004 162 10, 478 75 1,794 5 42 17,658 The province... 173,064 1,655 41,102 1,757 100,513 1,490 26,415 132 746 172,318 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Ciego de Avila. 9,801 123 2,767 123 4,597 999 1,965 4 88 9,713 Moron.. 9,6:10 162 2,636 211 4,830 225 1,553 13 65 9,565 Nuevitas ... 10,355 304 2,154 313 3,635 215 3,718 16 137 10,218 Puerto Principe_ City of Puerto 53,140 1,522 13,159 1,466 17,288 1,709 17,879 117 1,139 52,001 Principe .. 25,102 1,319 t+, 553 1,21+2 5,026 1,111+ 11,820 28 921+ 21+, 178 Santa Cruz del Sur .. 5,308 85 1,536 89 2,090 157 1,343 8 53 5,255 The province .. 88,234 2,196 22,252 2,202 32,440 2,528 26,458 158 1 ,482 86,752 360 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XIX .—School attendance, literacy, and superior education —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Under 10 years of age. Ten years of age and over. Superior edu¬ cation. District. Total popula¬ tion. Attended school. _ Did not at¬ tend school. Attended school. Can neither read nor write. Can read, but ean not write. Can read and write. ® -M a 00 43 O £ Yes. No. Abreus.. 3,995 180 764 185 1,862 81 922 1 34 3,961 Caibarien. 8,650 218 1,917 241 3,100 273 2,900 1 42 8,608 Calabazar. 13,419 181 2,582 278 7,881 246 2,245 6 46 13,373 Camajuani .. 14,495 6,244 240 2,961 1,210 262 7,565 3,592 145 3,322 72 14,423 6,225 Cartagena.. 96 141 50 1,153 2 19 Ceja de Pablo_ 6,954 59,128 107 1,842 107 3,668 23,900 95 1.135 18,738 20 6,934 58,618 Cienfuegos__ 1,994 10,622 2,555 1,247 72 510 City of Cienfue- 2,155 935 90 s . SO,OSS 1,677 5,861 7,097 13,286 28 394 29,655 Cifuentes. 3,825 189 685 182 1,928 43 797 1 20 3.805 Cruces __ 7,953 236 1,422 316 3,653 238 2,086 2 39 7,914 7,811 191 1,356 254 4,491 131 1,387 1 30 7,781 6,527 11,961 8,890 172 1,354 2,376 1,901 236 3,124 6,198 5,629 149 1,492 2,738 1,130 15 6,512 11,915 8,859 Placetas. 160 197 292 46 Quemado de Giiines. 80 74 76 31 Rancho Veloz. 7,532 5,059 96 1,713 1,079 128 4.417 83 1,095 1,060 25 7,507 Ranchuelo .. 63 183 2; 558 115 1 15 5,044 Rodas. 9,562 21,342 384 1,876 3,633 357 4,930 76 1,939 6,412 42 9,520 21,202 Sagua la Grande. 952 1,123 8,612 603 r* i 140 City of Sagua la 4 ,022 44 3 Grande . 12, 728 720 2,035 868 4,634 7 115 12,613 San Antonio de las Vueltas. 12,832 25,709 120 2,891 5,211 167 6,949 9,872 184 2,521 7,949- 42 12, 790 25,564 Sancti-Spiritus. 429 773 1,474 1 145 City of Sancti- Spirit us . 13,696 307 2,375 991 587 3,528 1,029 4 ,870 1 107 12,5S9 San Diego del Valle.. 5,369 49 57 3,319 60 891 2 19 5.350 San Fernando_ 6 ,445 63 1,322 85 3,848 48 1,075 4 19 6,426 San Juan de las Yeras 5,600 111 1,195 142 3,186 102 855 9 19 5,581 San Juan de los Re- 6,9&4 medios. 14,833 499 2,713 610 316 3,708 3 bV 14, 776 Santa Clara. 28,437 885 4,602 1,238 13,304 891 7,513 4 279 28,158 City of Santa Clara . 13, 763 818 1,807 1,144 4 ,083 613 5,297 1 364 13,599 Santa Isabel de las Lajas... 9,603 96 1,598 114 5,778 5,860 155 1,861 1 37 9,566 Santo Domingo. 10,372 243 1,828 230 137 2,073 1 61 10,311 Trinidad. 24,271 675 4,646 979 10,254 491 7,225 1 135 24,136 City of Trinidad . 11,120 520 2,036 2,022 755 2,970 223 4,616 108 11,012 Yaguajay. 9,718 188 190 4,843 207 2,268 18 9,700 The province... 356,536 8,897 68,312 11,404 171,305 8,008 88,490 120 1,977 354,559 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Alto Songo.. 12,770 21,944 11 3,632 6,836 32 7,544 10,354 40 1,511 3,556 36 12,734 21,866 Baracoa . 401 450 344 3 78 Bayamo. 21,193 315 6,265 1,782 371 11,412 3,933 4,749 5,821 283 2,547 1,216 2,270 1,806 72 21,121 Campechuela. 7,369 9,126 10,707 162 203 73 32 7,337 9,028 10,672 Caney . 39 1.940 52 76 98 Cobre. 43 2,933 53 50 1 35 Cristo. 1,194 31,594 20 253 24 460 16 421 20 1,174 31.274 Gibara.... 664 8,198 695 15.204 362 6,442 29 320 Guantanamo. 28,063 444 6,225 674 13,806 374 6 ,533 7 375 27,688 Holguin. 34,506 432 9,820 450 17,592 385 5,822 5 63 34,443 Jiguani. 10,495 80 3,155 194 5,833 96 1.136 1 8 10,487 Manzanillo. 32,288 1,184 7,641 1,215 14,216 645 7,384 3 146 32,142 City of Manzanillo 14,464 1,061 1,070 3,909 537 5,565 1 135 15,329 Mayari. 8,504 42 2,853 73 4,527 204 1,000 5 12 8,492 Niquero. 2,718 93 744 116 1,402 7,569 21 342 5 2 ,713 12,289 Palma Soriano. 12;305 60 3,321 151 76 1,126 2 16 Puerto Padre. 19,984 189 5,887 189 10,633 277 2,798 11 91 19,893 Sagua de Tanamo.... 5, 796 54 1, 759 78 3,227 49 626 3 10 5,786 San Luis. 11,681 257 2,837 296 6,508 68 1,714 1 78 11.603 Santiago de Cuba.... City of ‘Santiago 45,478 1,971 7,356 2,481 11,883 1,110 20,660 17 1,748 43,730 de Cuba .. 4 3,090 1,970 6,652 2,461 10,527 1,109 20,355 16 1,753 51,357 The province... 827,716 6,461 83,237 7,797 156,673 4,549 68,910 88 3,243 324,472 LITERACY 361 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over, by age , sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy. CUBA. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total... 1,215,810 690,565 32,772 492,473 10 to 14 years...... 220,049 140,727 9,144 70,178 15 to 19 years... 178,035 96.261 6,145 75,629 20 to 24 years..... 152,959 75,954 3,501 73,504 25 to 29 years.... 137,405 69,242 3,198 61.965 30 to 34 years.... 118,812 62,548 2,612 53,652 35 to 44 years.. 185,056 101,553 3,937 79,566 45 to 54 years..— 117,528 71,693 2,275 43,560 55 to 64 years.... 68,182 45,429 1,288 21,465 65 years and over... 37,784 27,158 672 9,954 Total males. 634,515 ail, 691 11,905 270,919 10 to 14 years........ 112,399 75,149 3,892 33,358 15 to 19 years..... 84,346 47,978 2,293 34,075 20 to 24 years... .. 79,008 38,141 1,261 39,606 25 to 29 years... 73,206 34,598 1,098 37,510 30 to 34 years.... 64,023 30,850 894 32,279 35 to 44 years...___ 101,305 50,712 1,292 49,301 45 to 54 years... 64,096 36,312 686 27,098 55 to 64 years. 37,099 24,197 331 12,571 65 years and over. 19,033 13,754 158 5,121 Total females........ 581,295 338,874 20,867 221,554 10 to 14 years....... 107,650 65,578 5,252 36,820 15 to 19 years... 93,689 48,283 3,852 41,554 20 to 24 years.. 73,951 37,813 2,240 33,898 25 to 29 years.... 64,199 34,644 2,100 27,455 30 to 34 years.... 54,789 31,698 1,718 21,373 35 to 44 years. 83,751 50,841 2,645 30,265 45 to 54 years..... 53,432 35,381 1.589 16,462 55 to 64 years. 31,083 21,232 957 8,894 65 years and over. 18,751 13,404 514 4,833 Total native white. 673,795 359,585 16,604 297,606 10 to 14 years... 146,928 91,362 5,696 49,870 15 to 19 years.. 114,092 60.349 3,289 50,454 20 to 24 years... 88,503 44,148 1,634 42,721 25 to 29 years...... . 74,111 37,162 1.375 35,574 30 to 34 years....... 63,008 31,544 1,127 30,337 35 to 44 years...... 95,001 47,911 1,743 45,347 45 to 54 years.... 52,838 27,437 927 24,474 55 to 64 years... 26,690 13,522 549 12,619 65 years and over.... 12,624 6,150 264 6,210 Native white males... 326,825 179,902 6,015 140,908 10 to 14 years.. 75,170 48,848 2,471 23,851 15 to 19 years...... 52,818 29,763 1,268 21,787 20 to 24 years... 42,091 21,623 591 19,877 25 to 29 years.... . 35,588 18,055 428 17,105 30 to 34 years.... 31,054 15,625 350 15,079 35 to 44 years.... 47, 705 24,143 524 23,0:38 45 to 54 years.. 25,192 12,966 242 11,984 55 to 64 years.. 11,996 6,196 98 5,702 65 years and over. 5,211 2,683 43 2,485 Native white females. 346,970 179,683 10,589 156,698 10 to 14 years. 71,758 42,514 3,225 26,019 15 to 19 years.. . 61,274 30,586 2,021 28,667 20 to 24 years... 46, 412 22,525 1,043 22,844 25 to 29 years...... 38,523 19,107 947 18,469 30 to 34 years... 31,954 15,919 777 15,2.58 35 to 44 years... 47,296 23,768 1,219 22,309 45 to 54 years. . 27,646 14,471 685 12,490 55 to 64 years. 14,694 7,326 451 6,917 65 years' and over. 7,413 3,467 221 3,725 362 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XX. — Population 10 years of aye and over, by aye, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. CUBA—Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total foreign white.. 139,180 40,745 2,300 96,135 10 to 14 years.... 2,704 1,034 103 1,027 15 to 19 years..... 8,307 2,074 136 0,097 20 to 24 years... 20,195 5,520 277 14,398 25 to 29 years...... 23,030 0,292 303 16,375 30 to 34 years____ 19,075 5,498 310 13,867 35 to 44 years________ 31,512 8,799 527 22,186 45 to 54 years___— 19,314 5,950 327 13,031 55 to 04 years...... 9,820 3,625 174 6,021 05 years and over.. 4,503 1,947 83 2,533 Foreign white males. 114,254 29,060 1,284 83,910 10 to 14 years___ 1,048 595 50 1,003 15 to 19 years.... 0,708 1,521 77 5,110 20 to 24 years___ 17,285 4,370 179 12, 736 25 to 29 years... 19,047 4,990 224 14,427 30 to 34 years. ...—... 10,040 4,122 178 12,340 35 to 44 years......... 20,449 0,445 290 19,714 45 to 54 years... 15,515 3,880 104 11,471 55 to 04 years..... .. 7,327 2,120 84 5,123 05 years and over.— 3,029 1,011 38 1,980 Foreign white females.. ..... 24,920 11,685 1,016 12,225 10 to 14 years...... 1,116 439 53 624 J5 to 19 years... 1,599 553 59 987 20 to 24 years _____... 2,910 l, 150 98 1,002 25 to 29 years...... 3,383 1,296 139 1,948 ;50 to 34 years....... 3,029 1,376 132 1,521 35 to 44 years._..... 5,003 2.354 237 2,472 45 to 54 years.... 3,799 2,070 163 1,500 55 to 04 years----- 2,493 1,505 90 898 05 years and over... 1,534 936 45 553 Total colored.... 402,835 290,235 13,868 98,732 10 to 14 years... 70,357 48.331 3,345 18,081 15 to 19 years... 55,030 33.838 2, 720 19,078 20 to 24 years. 44,201 20,286 1,590 10,385 25 to 29 years... 40,204 25,788 1,460 13,010 30 to 34 years .... 3(5.129 25,500 1,175 9,448 35 to 44 years. 58,543 44,843 1,067 12,033 45 to 54 years. 45,370 38,300 1,021 6,07)5 55 to 04 years ...... 31,072 28.282 565 2.825 05 years and over ..... 20,597 19.001 325* 1,211 Colored males. 193,430 142,729 4,600 40,101 10 to 14 years. 35,581 25,706 1,371 8,504 15 to 19years.. 24,820 16,694 948 7,178 20 to 24 years...... 19, (532 12,148 491 0,993 25 to 29 years.. 17,971 11,547 440 5,978 IK) to 34 years..... 10,323 11,103 300 4,854 35 to 44 years. 27,151 20,124 478 6 ,549 45 to 54 years.. 23.389 19,400 280 3,043 55 to 04 years.... 17,770 15,881 149 1, 740 05 years and over. 10,793 10,000 77 050 Colored females. 209,399 147,506 9,202 52,631 10 to 14 years. 54, 77(5 22,025 1,974 10,177 15 to 19 years. 30,810 17,144 1,772 11,900 20 to 24 years. 24,029 14.138 1.099 9,392 25 to 29 years . 22,293 14,241 1,014 7,038 30 to 34 years... 19,800 14.403 809 4,594 35 to 44 years... 31,392 24.719 1.189 5,484 45 to 54 years .:. 21,987 18,834 741 2.412 55 to 04 years.... 13,896 12.401 410 1,079 05 years and over. 9,8(4 9,001 248 555 LITERACY. 363 Table XX. —Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total...-. 345,070 13c), i 11,030 199,879 10 to 14 years..-. 50,737 23,150 2,824 24,703 15 to 19 years....... 48,521 17,597 1,908 29,016 20 to 24 years...... 49,251 16,126 1,328 31,797 25 to 29 years.-.. 45,029 14,958 1,257 28,814 30 to 34 years...-----. 30,403 12,774 1,055 22,034 35 to 44 years .... 53,519 19,582 1,599 32,333 45 to 54 years..—.-.. 32,883 14,529 903 17,451 55 to 04 years --- --. 18,829 9,497 507 8,825 05 years and over.. 9,844 5,354 249 4,241 Total males..-...-. 182,212 04,594 4,219 113,399 10 to 14 years.. 25,058 12,382 1,209 12,007 15 to 19 years...-.-. 23,771 8,800 750 14,221 20 to 24 years... 26,294 7,818 510 17,966 25 to 29 years__-.... 24,981 7,376 434 17,171 30 to 34 years---- 20,357 0,009 355 13,993 35 to 44 years.-... 29,082 9,025 513 20,144 45 to 54 years... 17,478 0,549 260 10,009 55 to 04 years__ 9,564 4,383 133 5,048 05 years and over. 4,427 2,252 55 2,120 Total females.... 162,864 68,973 7,411 80,480 10 to 14 years.-. 25,079 10,708 1,015 12,096 15 to 19 years..... 24.750 8,797 1, 158 14,795 20 to 24 years....... 22,957 8,308 818 13,831 25 to 29 years....... 20,048 7,582 823 11,643 30 to 34 years....... 16,100 0,765 700 8,641 35 to 44 years____ 23,837 10,557 1,080 12,194 45 to 54 years_____ 15,405 7,980 043 6,782 55 to 04 years.. -___ 9,265 5,114 374 3,777 05 years and over..... 5,417 3,102 194 2,121 Total native white._. 186,323 05,895 5,050 115,378 10 to 14 years.... 35,730 15,697 1,630 18,403 15 to 19 years._.. 31,394 11,481 940 18,973 20 to 24 years._...... 27,515 9,497 540 17,478 25 to 29 years..... 23,075 7,701 476 14,898 30 to 34 years...... 17,827 5,571 378 11,878 35 to 44 years.-.... 25,289 7,079 549 17,001 45 to 54 years..... 14,211 4,056 271 9,284 55 to 04 years..... 7,595 2,517 180 4,892 05 years and over..... 3,687 1,096 80 2,511 Native white males... 88,002 32,422 1,847 53,733 10 to 14 years...... 18,074 8,490 719 8,865 15 to 19 years... 14,403 5,678 377 8,348 20 to 24 years.___ 12,098 4,509 209 7,980 25 to 29 years..... 10,963 3,754 153 7,056 30 to 34 years_______ 8,650 2. 740 115 5,789 35 to 44 years.... 12,286 3,705 170 8,351 45 to 54 years..... 0,403 1,983 06 4,354 55 to 04 years.... 3,140 1,057 29 2,060 05 years and over... 1,379 440 9 930 Native white females .... 98,321 33,473 3,203 01,645 10 to 14 years... 17,656 7,207 911 9,538 15 to 19 years.-. 16,991 5,803 563 10,625 20 to 24 years. 14,817 4,988 331 9,498 25 to 29 years .... 12,112 3,947 323 7,842 30 to 34 years.... 9,177 2,825 263 6,089 35 to 44 years.. 13,003 3,914 379 8,710 45 to 54 years.... 7,808 2,673 205 4,930 55 to 04 years.... 4,449 • 1,460 157 2,832 05 years and over ... 2,308 050 71 1,581 364 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over , by age , sex, race, and nativity , and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total foreign white. 67,174 13,227 1,288 52,659 10 to 14 years.. . 1,443 326 60 1,057 15 to 19 years... 4,785 674 68 4.043 20 to 24 years.. 10,397 1,604 163 8,630 25 to 29 years.-. 11,224 1,853 201 9,170 30 to 34 years.... 9,560 1,763 168 7,629 35 to 44 years.. 14,517 2,855 300 11,362 45 to 54 years... 8,541 2,096 185 6,260 55 to 64 years . 4,576 1.348 96 3,132 65 years and over. 2,131 708 47 1,376 Foreign white males... 53,290 7,869 637 44,784 10 to 14 years. 880 181 28 671 15 to 19 years. ,. 4,019 501 44 3,474 20 to 24 years... 8,802 1,109 98 7,595 25 to 29 years... 9.300 1.273 104 7,923 30 to 34 years. 7,794 1,075 81 6,638 35 to 44 years.... 11,552 1.681 143 9,728 45 to 54 years...... 6,417 1,108 76 5.233 55 to 64 years.... 3,197 639 41 2,517 65 years and over. 1,329 302 22 1,005 Foreign white females. 13,884 5,358 651 7,875 10 to 14 years... 563 145 32 386 15 to 19 years.... 766 173 24 569 20 to 24 years. . 1,595 495 65 1,035 25 to 29 years. 1,924 580 97 1,247 30 to 34 years.. 1,766 688 87 991 35 to 44 years... 2,965 1,174 157 1,634 45 to 51 years. 2,124 988 109 1,027 55 to 64 years ..... 1,379 709 55 615 65 years and over. 802 406 25 371 Total colored. ........ 91,579 54,445 5,292 31,842 10 to 14 years... 13,564 7,127 1,134 5,303 15 to 19 years. 12,342 5,442 900 6,000 20 to 24 years. 11,339 5,025 725 5,689 25 to 29 veaz's...,. 10,730 5,404 580 4,746 30 to 34 years... 9,076 5,440 509 3,127 35 to 44 years. 13.713 9,048 750 3,915 45 to 54 years... 10,131 7,777 447 1,907 55 to 64 years... 6,658 5,632 125 801 65 years and over. 4,026 3,550 122 354 Colored males... 40,920 24,303 1,735 14,882 10 to 14 years. 6,704 3,711 462 2,531 15 to 19 years... 5,349 2,621 329 2,399 20 to 24 years. 4,794 2,200 203 2,391 25 to 29 years. 4,718 2,349 177 2.192 30 to 34 years.. 3,913 2,188 159 1,566 35 to 44 years... 5,844 3,579 200 2,065 45 to 54 years. 4,658 3,458 118 1,082 55 to 64 years. 3,221 2,687 63 471 65 years and over . -. 1,719 1,510 24 185 Colored females. 50,659 30,142 3,557 16,960 10 to 14 years. 6.860 3,416 672 2.772 15 to 19 years. 6,993 2,821 571 3,601 20 to 24 years. 6,545 2,825 422 3,298 25 to 29 years. 6.012 3,055 403 2,554 30 to 34 years.I 5,163 3,252 350 1,561 35 to 44 years. 7,869 5.469 550 1,850 45 to 54 years. 5. 473 4.319 329 825 55 to 64 years. 3,437 2,945 162 330 65 years and over. 2,307 2,040 98 169 LITERACY 365 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity , and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total _ .....- 159,297 96,067 4,567 58,663 10 to 14 years ..... 27,294 22,143 15,944 11,908 1,316 10,034 9.220 15 to 19 years.......... 1,015 20 to 24 years......... 19.498 10,242 9, 778 535 8,721 25 to 29 years .......-. 17,788 480 7.530 5,843 8,761 4.982 2,449 1, 123 30 to 34 years ...... . - - -_ 14,418 8,241 334 35 to 44 years ..-. 22,963 13,777 11.740 425 45 to 54 vears . ........ 16,969 11,404 247 55 to 64 years ____-_ 8,814 5,623 141 65 years and. over... 6,820 74 Total males _ ....... 82,047 49,682 1,666 30,699 10 to 14 vears.... ... 13,901 10,183 9,466 8,852 7,453 12,287 8,785 5,929 5,042 4,779 4.017 553 4,563 15 to 19 years... ... 368 3,886 4,247 3,909 3,326 5.396 20 to 24 vears....... 177 25 to 29 vears .-.-. 164 SO to 34. vea.rs . ..... . . 110 35 to 44 years..... 6. 752 6,203 5. 131 139 45 to 54 years..-. 9,466 6,759 3,680 89 3,174 1,583 615 55 to 64 years ..... 45 65 years and over .. 3,044 21 Total females _ .....__....__ 77,250 46,385 2,901 27,964 10 to 14 years. .... 13,393 11,960 10,032 8,936 6,965 10,676 7,503 4,645 3,140 7,159 5,979 5,200 4,999 4,224 7,025 5,537 3,683 2,579 763 5,471 5, .334 4,474 3.621 15 to 19 years... 647 20 to 24 years ...... 358 25 to 29 years .......... 316 30 to 34 years . 224 2,517 35 to 44 years ..... 286 3.365 45 to 54 years ... 158 1,808 866 55 to 64 vears . 96 65 years and over . 53 508 Total native white... 77,428 38,097 2,294 37,037 10 to 14 vears.... 16,865 13,565 10, 918 9,243 7,034 9,479 6,818 5,263 4,420 3,214 4,528 2,577 1,268 530 768 6,618 6,235 5,412 4,617 3,668 5,532 2,964 1,336 655 15 to 19 years ... 512 20 to 24 years .. 243 25 to 29 years . 206 30 to 34 years . . .. 152 35 to 44 years ... 10,267 5,660 207 45 to 54 years ... 119 55 to 64 years . ..... 2; 662 1,214 58 65 years and over... .. 29 Native white males ....... 37,482 19,522 843 17,117 10 to 14 years. ' 8,598 6,262 5,144 4,328 3,472 5,220 2,730 1,224 504 5,205 3,394 2,669 2,218 1,678 2,326 1,203 335 3,058 2.669 15 to 19 years .... 199 20 to 24 years......... 83 2.392 25 to 29 vears... 62 2.048 1,742 2,831 1,493 636 30 to 34 years ..... 52 35 to 44 years... 63 45 to 54 years . 34 55 to 64 years . '579 9 65 years and oyer. 250 6 248 Native white females.. 39,946 18,575 1,451 19,920 10 to 14 years. 8,267 7,303 5,774 4,915 3,562 5,047 2,930 1,438 710 4,274 3,424 2,594 2,202 1,536 2,202 433 3.560 3,566 3,020 2,569 1,926 2. 701 15 to 19 vears 313 20 to 24 vears . 160 25 to 29 years ... 144 30 to 34 years .. 100 35 to 44 years... 144 45 to 54 years.. 1 ’ 374 689 85 1,471 55 to 64 years. . 49 '700 65 years" and over. 280 23 407 I 366 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XX.— Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS—Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total foreign white. 15,016 5,493 292 9,231 10 to 14 years.... 265 150 7 108 15 to 19 years.. 075 263 18 394 20 to 24 years... 1,830 641 33 1,162 25 to 29 years... 2,082 706 32 1,344 30 to 34 years.... 1,900 593 34 1,273 35 to 44 years. 3,394 1,056 65 2,273 45 to 54 years...-.. 2,402 923 47 1,492 55 to 04 years... 1,592 735 37 820 05 years and over... 810 426 19 365 Foreign white males... 11,729 3,008 147 7,974 10 to 14 years. 152 86 5 61 15 to 19 years...... 474 164 r* i 303 20 to 24 years. .-..... 1,508 481 20 1,007 25 to 29 years.. 1.720 538 22 1,160 30 to 34 years---- 1,576 433 21 1,122 35 to 44 years------- 2,809 767 30 2,012 45 to 54 years..... 1,870 .544 20 1,300 55 to 64 years.... 1,112 385 16 711 05 years and over... 508 210 6 292 Foreign white females. 3,287 1,885 145 1,257 10 to 14 years. 113 04 2 47 15 to 19 years... 201 99 11 91 20 to 24 years... 328 100 13 155 25 to 29 years..... 362 108 10 184 30 to 34 years... 324 160 13 151 35 to 41 years.....— 585 289 35 201 45 to 54 years... 592 379 27 180 55 to 04 vears........ 480 350 21 109 65 years and over ..... 302 210 13 73 Total colored... 66,853 52,477 1,981 12,395 10 to 14 years...... 10,164 0,315 541 3,308 15 to 19 years...... 7,903 4,827 485 2,591 20 to 24 years... ... 6, 744 4,338 259 2,147 25 to 29 years.... 0,403 4.052 242 1,569 30 to 34 years..... 5,484 4,434 148 902 35 to 44 years..... 9,302 8,193 153 950 45 to 54 years______ 8,847 8,240 81 520 55 to 64 years... 7.150 6,811 46 293 05 years and over..... 4,790 4,667 26 . 103 Colored males... 32,836 20,552 676 5,008 10 to 14 years.... 5,151 3,494 213 1,444 15 to 19 years ...... 3,447 2,371 102 914 20 to 24 years...... 2,814 1,892 74 818 25 to 29 years... 2,804 2,023 80 701 30 to 34 years... 2,405 1,906 37 402 35 to 44 years... 4,258 3,059 46 553 45 to 54 years.... 4,860 4,456 35 375 55 to 64 years. 4,423 4,107 20 236 65 years and over .. 2,008 2,584 9 75 Colored females. 34,017 25,925 1,305 6,787 10 to 14 years. 5,013 2,821 328 1,864 15 to 19 years.. 4.456 2,456 323 1,077 20 to 24 years. 3,930 2,446 185 1,299 25 to 29 years. 3,059 2,029 162 868 30 to 34 years. . 3,079 2,528 111 440 35 to 44 years. 5,044 4.534 107 403 45 to 54 years.. 3,981 3, 784 46 151 55 to 04 years. 2, 727 2,044 20 57 65 years* and over. 2,128 2,083 17 28 LITERACY 367 Table XX. — Population 10 yearn of age and over, by age, nex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total .. . . .* _ 130,307 100,513 1,490 28,304 10 to 14 years ...... 35,453 21,561 404 3,480 15 to 19 years__.__ 30, 737 16,338 343 4,056 30 to 34 years-..-- 19,395 14,685 208 4,502 35 to 39 years ... ..... — 16,978 13,617 164 4,197 30 to 34 years.... 13,311 9,087 96 3,128 35 to 44 years__ 16, 744 11,987 159 4,598 45 to 54 years--- 10,176 7,449 66 2,661 55 to 64 years__ ____ 5, 503 4,345 32 1,235 65 years and oyer........ 3,031 3,546 18 457 Total males ........ 69,775 51,545 639 17,591 10 to 14 years_____ 13,043 11,138 177 1,738 15 to 19 years______ 10,174 8,003 137 2,035 30 to 34 years______ 9,961 7,338 86 2,637 35 to 39 years___ 9,133 6,380 67 2,685 30 to 34 years___ 6,871 4,717 39 2,115 35 to 44 years ... .... 9,569 6,358 82 3,229 45 to 54 years...... 5,903 3,932 32 1,948 55 to 64 years.... ... 3,339 2,442 13 884 65 years and over_ ___ 1,784 1,458 6 320 Total females..... 60,533 48,968 851 10,713 10 to 14 years______ 13,410 10, 441 227 1,742 15 to 19 years_____ 10,553 8,326 206 2,021 30 to 34 years_ _ __ 9,434 7,447 122 1,865 35 to 39 years___ 7,846 6,237 97 1,512 30 to 34 years____ 5,440 4,370 57 1,013 35 to 44 years....... 7,175 5,729 77 1,369 45 to 54 years..... 4,374 3,527 34 713 55 to 64 years ....... 3,163 1,803 19 341 65 years and over_ 1,337 1,088 12 137 Total native white... 84,345 64,349 986 18,990 10 to 14 years..... 18,363 15,223 313 2,827 15 to 19 years... ... 14,773 11,454 222 3,096 30 to 34 years .*.... 13,358 10,004 130 3,124 35 to 39 years___ 11,300 8,300 111 2, 789 30 to 34 years ______ 7,739 5,735 59 1,945 35 to 44 years______ 10,071 7,183 82 2,806 45 to 54 years_____ __ 5,433 3,918 37 1,467 55 to 64 years....... 3,494 1,794 21 679 65 years and over..... 1,036 758 11 257 Native white males_ __ 43,796 32,184 413 10,199 10 to 14 years _____ 9,438 7,877 135 1,416 15 to 19 years_______ 7,195 5,602 94 1,499 30 to 34 years_ 6 ,547 4,878 57 1,613 35 to 39 years....... 5,714 4,106 45 1,563 30 to 34 years.. 4,060 2,923 24 1,113 35 to 44 years____ 5,386 3,633 33 1,620 45 to 54 years_____ 3, 783 1,906 15 862 55 to 64 years.... . 1,376 894 rv 7 375 65 years and over... 507 365 3 139 Native white females... 41,549 32,185 573 8,791 10 to 14 years____ 8,935 7,346 178 1,411 15 to 19 years.. 7,577 5,852 128 1,597 30 to 34 years.. 6,711 5,136 73 1,512 35 to 39 years_____ 5,486 4,194 66 1,336 30 to 34 years... 3,679 2,812 35 833 35 to 44 years..... 4,785 3,550 49 1,186 45 to 54 years.... .. 3,639 2,012 22 605 55 to 64 years______ 1,318 900 14 304 65 years and over. 519 393 8 118 368 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total foreign white... 10,636 4,410 106 6,120 10 to 14 years.-. 115 64 4 47 15 to 19 years. 550 234 10 308 20 to 24 years. 1,402 619 15 768 25 to 29 years.... 1,633 676 11 946 30 to 34 years. ... 1,471 575 14 882 35 to 44 years.. 2,432 907 33 1,492 45 to 54 years. 1,716 685 11 1,020 55 to 04 years.-. 908 422 4 482 65 years and over. 409 228 4 177 Foreign white males. 9,400 3,594 76 5,730 10 to 14 years... 80 41 4 35 15 to 19 years..-. 487 201 6 280 20 to 24 years. 1,263 521 13 729 25 to 29 years. 1,471 583 8 880 30 to 34 years . . 1,319 492 8 819 35 to 44 years.. 2,184 751 24 1,409 45 to 54 years.... 1,494 533 8 953 55 to 64 years.... 782 321 3 458 65 years and over... 320 151 2 167 Foreign white females..... 1,236 816 30 390 10 to 14 years.... 35 23 12 15 to 19 years-----. 63 33 4 26 20 to 24 years... 139 98 2 39 25 to 29 years. 162 93 3 66 30 to 34 years..... 152 83 6 63 35 to 44 years ..... 248 156 9 83 45 to 54 years.... 222 152 3 67 55 to 64 years. 126 101 1 24 65 years and over... 89 77 2 10 Total colored... 35,326 31,734 398 3,194 10 to 14 years... 6,975 6,282 87 606 15 to 19 years. 5,405 4,640 111 654 20 to 24 years. 4,735 4,062 63 610 25 to 29 vears. 4,145 3,641 42 462 30 to 34 years. 3,101 2,777 23 301 35 to 44 years.. 4,241 3,897 44 300 45 to 54 years... 3,038 2,846 18 174 55 to 64 years. 2,100 2,029 7 64 65 years and over. 1,586 1,560 3 23 Colored males. 17,579 15,767 150 1,662 10 to 14 years.... 3,535 3,210 38 287 15 to 19 years... 2,492 2,199 37 256 20 to 24 years. 2,151 1,839 16 296 25 to 29 years. 1,947 1,691 14 242 30 to 34 vears. 1,492 1.302 7 183 35 to 44 years. 2,099 1,874 25 200 45 to 54 years. 1.625 1.483 9 133 55 to 64 years. 1,281 1,227 3 51 65 years and over. 957 942 1 14 Colored females. 17,747 15,967 248 1,532 10 to 14 years.. 3,440 3,072 49 319 15 to 19 years. 2,913 2,441 74 398 20 to 24 years... 2,584 2,223 47 314 25 to 29 years.... 2,198 1,950 28 220 30 to 34 years. 1,609 1,475 16 118 35 to 44 years... 2,142 2,023 19 100 45 to 54 years. 1,413 1.363 9 41 55 to 64 vears........ 819 802 4 13 65 years and over. 629 618 O 9 LITERACY 369 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over, by age , sex, race , and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. • Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total____ 63,786 32,440 2,528 28,818 10 to 14 years...... 13,320 8,571 797 3,952 15 to 19 years____ 9,650 4,711 421 4,518 20 to 24 years ........ 6,248 2,478 165 3,605 25 to 29 years..--- 5,100 2,068 153 2,879 30 to 34 years____ 5,944 2,640 191 3,113 35 to 44 years........ 9,943 4,764 339 4,840 45 to 54 years.....-.. 6,791 3,423 210 3,158 55 to 64 years__. 4,200 2,188 156 1,856 65 years and over______ 2,590 1,597 96 897 Total males..-.....-. 32,368 17,409 907 14,052 10 to 14 years__-.-. 6,863 4,730 349 1,784 15 to 19 years -- 4,481 2,534 162 1,785 20 to 24 years...--- 3,121 1,303 60 1,758 25 to 29 years...... 2,582 1,080 55 1,447 30 to 34 years........ 2,963 1,355 58 1,550 35 to 44 years___- -. 5,208 2,547 109 2,552 45 to 54 years ........ 3,533 1,765 53 1,715 55 to 64 years .....-.. 2,238 1,213 38 987 65 years and over...... 1,379 882 23 474 Total females___...__ 31,418 15,031 1,621 14,766 10 to 14 years ...... 6,457 3,481 448 2,168 15 to 19 years...... 5,169 2,177 259 2,733 20 to 24 years... 3,127 1,175 105 1,847 25 to 29 years....... 2,518 988 98 1,432 30 to 34 years ...... 2,981 1,285 133 1,563 35 to 44 years______ 4,735 2,217 230 2,288 45 to 54 years...... 3,258 1,658 157 1,443 55 to 64 years ....... 1,962 975 118 869 65 vears and over ....... 1,211 715 73 423 Total native white... 46,221 23,394 1,709 21,118 10 to 14 years_____ 10,889 6,997 630 3,262 15 to 19 years------- 7,584 3,714 317 3,553 20 to 24 years..... 4,470 1,856 105 2,509 25 to 29 years ....... 3,325 1,440 75 1,810 30 to 34 years. .... 4,351 1,949 122 2,280 35 to 44 years...... 7,165 3,432 206 3,527 45 to 54 years..... 4,471 2,168 123 2,180 55 to 64 years..... 2,606 1,209 80 1,317 65 years and over____ 1,360 629 51 680 Native white males..... 22,268 12,266 636 9,366 10 to 14 years.... 5,612 3,875 284 1,453 15 to 19 years..... 3,526 1,998 127 1,401 20 to 24 years.... 2,120 974 38 1,108 25 to 29 years.. 1,499 712 26 761 30 to 34 years. ... .. 2,053 989 32 1,062 35 to 44 years______ 3,563 1,802 67 1,694 45 to 54 years....... 2,065 1,042 34 98!) 55 to 64 years ....... 1,216 593 20 603 65 years and over..... 614 281 8 325 Native white females ______ 23,953 11,128 1,073 11,752 10 to 14 vears...... 5,277 3,122 316 1,809 15 to 19 years..... 4,058 1,716 190 2,152 20 to 24 years .... ... 2,350 882 67 1,401 25 to 29 years____ 1,826 728 49 1,049 30 to 34 years_______ 2,298 960 90 1,248 35 to 44 years..... 3,602 1,630 139 1,833 45to 54 years.... 2,406 1,126 89 1,191 55 to 64 years.. .... 1,390 616 60 714 65 years and over..... 746 348 43 355 24662 24 370 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over . by age, sene, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total foreign white. 3,965 1,281 76 2,608 10 to 14 years. 103 36 3 64 15 to 19 years....... 153 28 3 122 20 to 24 years....... 462 90 4 368 25 to 29 years..... 675 196 16 463 30 to 34 years... 459 148 11 300 35 to 44 years.... 874 305 19 550 45 to 54 years....... 680 221 13 446 55 to 64 years... 370 151 6 213 65 years and over . 189 106 1 82 Foreign white males.. 3,459 1,057 57 2,345 10 to 14 years...... 55 19 O i* 1 34 15 to 19 years..... 108 20 l 87 20 to 24 years....... 403 81 1 321 25 to 29 years_ ____ 636 183 16 437 30 to 34 years....... 424 139 10 275 35 to 44 years... 795 272 14 509 45 to 54 years...... 604 176 8 420 55 to 64 years. ... 292 100 4 188 65 years and over... 142 67 1 74 Foreign white females. 506 224 19 263 10 to 14 years........ 48 17 1 30 15 to 19 years. 45 8 2 35 20 to 24 years..... 59 9 3 47 25 to 29 years.. 39 13 26 30 to 34 years... .... 25 9 1 25 35 to 44 years.. 79 33 5 41 45 to 54 years ...... 76 45 5 26 55 to 64 years..... 78 51 2 25 65 years and over.. . 47 39 8 Total colored..... 13,600 7,765 743 5,092 10 to 14 years. 2,328 1,538 164 626 15 to 19 years..... 1.913 969 101 843 20 to 24 years ..... 1.316 532 56 728 25 to 29 years...... 1.100 432 62 606 30 to 34 years.... 1,134 543 58 533 35 to 44 years___ _ __ 1,904 1,027 114 763 45 to 54 years.... 1,640 1,034 74 532 55 to 64 years.... 1,224 828 70 326 65 years and over.... . 1,041 862 44 135 Colored males... 6,641 4,086 214 2,341 10 to 14 years.. 1,196 836 63 297 15 to 19 years... 847 516 34 297 20 to 24 years. 598 248 21 329 25 to 29 years. 447 185 13 249 .'30 to 34 years... 486 227 16 243 35 to 44 years... 850 473 28 349 45 to 54 years... 864 547 11 306 55 to 64 years... 730 520 14 196 65 years and over... 623 534 14 75 Colored females. 6,959 3,679 529 2,751 10 to 14 years. 1,132 702 101 329 15 to 19 years. . ... 1.066 453 67 546 20 to 24 years. 718 284 35 399 25 to 29 years. 653 247 49 257 30 to 34 years. 648 316 42 290 35 to 44 years. . 1,054 554 86 414 45 to 54 years. 776 487 63 226 55 to 64 years..... 494 308 56 130 65 years and over... 418 328 30 60 LITERACY 371 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total. 279,327 171,305 8,008 100,014 10 to 14 years - -.-. 51,341 33,170 2,383 15,788 15 to 19 years---- 40,716 23,522 1,604 15,590 20 to 24 years.... 34,209 18,922 862 14,425 25 to 29 years.- -.... 31,536 17,762 799 12,975 30 to 34 years....-. 27,339 16,153 564 10 , 622 35 to 44 years. .... 43,152 25,925 880 16,347 45 to 54 years..... 27,271 18,162 504 8,605 55 to 64 years.- ... 15,618 11,360 278 3,980 65 years and over ..... 8,145 6,329 134 1,682 Total males ..-.. 150,137 91,937 2,789 55,411 10 to 14 years.. ..... 26,383 17,822 982 7,579 15 to 19 years - -..-__— 19,231 11,874 558 6 ,799 20 to 24 years....-... ... 18,145 10,119 282 7,744 25 to 29 years..--- 17,264 9,373 260 7,631 30 to 34 years... 15,324 8,624 199 6,501 35 to 44 years. -.-..... 24,614 13,923 271 10,420 45 to 54 years......... 15,674 9,989 153 5,532 55 to 64 years... 9,038 6,648 54 2,336 65 years and over.... 4,464 3,565 30 869 Total females ....... 129,190 79,368 5,219 44,603 10 to 14 years...... 24,958 15,348 1,401 8,209 15 to 19 years....... 21,485 11,648 1,046 8,791 20 to 24 years---.. 16,064 8,803 580 6,681 25 to 29 years..... 14,272 8,389 539 5,344 30 to 34 years___ 12,015 7,529 365 4,121 35 to 44 years...... 18,538 12,002 609 5,927 45 to 54 years...... 11,597 8,173 351 3,073 55 to 64 years...... _. 6,580 4,712 224 1,644 65 years and over... 3,681 2,764 104 813 Total native white.... 160,983 93,282 4,503 63,198 10 to 14 years......... _. 36,434 23,519 1,584 11,331 15 to 19 years--....... 27, 421 15,619 904 10,898 20 to 24 years ..-. 20,297 11,074 454 8,769 25 to 29 years.-..... 17,710 9,860 374 7,476 30 to 34 years..... 15,221 8,625 288 6,308 35 to 44 years.-.... 23,314 13,040 470 9,804 45 to 54 years..... 12,335 7,122 237 4,976 55 to 64 years..... 5,824 3,174 134 2,516 65 years and over....... 2,427 1,249 58 1.120 Native white males..... 79,512 47,011 1,544 30,957 10 to 14 years______ 18,775 12,576 660 5,539 15 to 19 years____..._ 12,686 7,663 317 4,706 20 to 24 years_____ 9,855 5,496 152 4,207 25 to 29 years - -..... _.. 8,709 4,820 102 3,787 30 to 34 years...... 7,861 4,471 95 3,295 35 to 44 years.- - ____ 12,077 6,709 131 5,237 45 to 54 years..... 5,957 3,363 60 2,534 55 to 64 years...... 2,576 1,382 17 1,177 65 years and over..._ _ 1,016 531 10 475 Native white females ...... 81,471 46,271 2,959 32,241 10 to 14 years... .. .. 17,659 10,943 924 5,792 15 to 19 years....... 14,7&5 7,956 587 6,192 20 to 24 years... 10,442 5.578 302 4,562 25 to 29 years.. 9,001 5,040 272 3,689 30 to 34 years..... . 7,360 4,154 193 3,013 35 to 44 years..... 11,237 6,331 339 4,567 45 to 54 years ... 6,378 3,759 177 2,442 55 to 64 years.... 3,248 1,792 117 1,339 65 years and over...... 1,411 718 48 645 372 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA-Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total foreign white. 29,394 12,142 393 16,859 10 to 14 years.-. 567 344 21 202 15 to 19 years--- 1,585 728 27 830 20 to 24 years.... 4,621 2,139 45 2,437 25 to 29 years.. .... 5,227 2,152 82 2,993 20 to 34 years.-...-.. 4,325 1,778 58 2,489 35 to 44 years...-... 6,810 2,566 77 4,167 45 to 54 years..... 3,940 1,420 53 2,467 55 to 64 years... 1,621 691 19 911 65 years and over. 698 324 11 363 Foreign white males. 25,088 9,562 258 15,268 10 to 14 years. 335 206 8 121 15 to 19 years.. . 1,223 540 12 671 20 to 24 years..... 4,050 1,841 36 2,173 25 to 29 years..... 4,572 1,800 58 2,714 30 to 34 years... .. 3,784 1,449 39 2.296 35 to 44 years.. 5,949 2,016 51 3,882 45 to 54 years....- -. 3,368 1,049 37 2,282 55 to 64 years . _...... 1,318 480 11 827 65 years and over. 489 181 6 302 Foreign white females.. 4,306 2,580 135 1,591 10 to 14 years. 232 138 13 81 15 to 19 years........ 362 188 15 159 20 to 24 years..... 571 298 9 264 25 to 29 years.-. 655 352 24 279 30 to 34 years.... 541 329 19 193 35 to 44 years__-. 861 550 26 285 45 to 54 years..... 572 371 16 185 55 to 64 years.... 303 2 j1 8 84 65 years and over.... 209 143 5 61 Total colored.. 88,950 65,881 3,112 19,957 10 to 14 years.. 14,340 9,307 778 4,255 15 to 19 years. . 11,710 7,175 673 3,862 20 to 24 years... 9,291 5,709 363 3,219 25 to 29 years ..... . 8,599 5,750 343 2,506 30 to 34 years. 7,793 5,750 218 1.825 35 to 44 years..... 13,028 10,319 333 2,376 45 to 54 years..... 10,996 9,620 214 1.162 55 to 64 years. . 8,173 7,495 125 553 65 years and over. 5,020 4,756 65 199 Colored males. 45,537 35,364 987 9,186 10 to 14 years. 7,273 5,040 314 1.919 15 to 19 years... 5,322 3,671 229 1,422 20 to 24 years.. 4,240 2,782 94 1.364 25 to 29 years.... 3.983 2,753 100 1,130 30 to 34 years. 3,679 2,704 65 910 35 to 44 years.. 6,588 5.198 89 1,301 45 to 54 years... 6,349 5,577 56 716 55 to 64 years.. 5,144 4,786 26 332 65 years and over.. 2,959 2,853 14 92 Colored females. 43,413 30,517 2,125 10,771 10 to 14 years. 7,067 4.267 464 2.336 15 to 19 years.. .. 6.388 3.504 444 2,440 20 to 24 years... 5,051 2,927 269 1.855 25 to .‘29 years . 4,616 2,997 243 1,376 30 to :J4 years... 4.114 3,046 153 915 35 to 44 years... 6,440 5.121 244 1.075 45 to 54 years.. 4,647 4,043 158 446 55 to 64 years. 3,029 2.709 99 221 65 years and over. 2,C61 1,903 51 107 LITERACY 373 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over . by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy— Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Total 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years- 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years.. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Total males 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years.. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years.. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years_ 65 years and over Total females 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years_ 45 to 54 years __ 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Total native white. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years_ 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years_ 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Native white males. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 yefers. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Native white females. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years_ 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years_ 45 to 54 years. ... 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over . Total. Can neither read nor write. 1 Can read Out can not write. Can read and write. 238,017 156,673 4,549 76,795 51,904 38,323 1.420 12.161 36,278 22,195 854 13,229 24.358 13,501 403 10,454 20,974 12,059 345 8,570 22,337 13,653 372 8,312 38,735 25,518 535 12.682 23,438 16,390 345 6,703 12,629 9,325 174 3,130 7,364 5,709 101 1,554 117,976 76,524 1,685 39,767 26,551 20,302 622 5.627 16,506 10,839 318 5.349 12,021 6,621 146 5,254 10,395 5,610 118 4,667 11,055 6,128 133 4,794 19,945 12,207 178 7,560 12.043 7,884 99 4.060 6,161 4,380 48 1,733 3,299 2,553 23 723 120,041 80,149 2,864 37,028 25,353 18,021 798 6,534 19,772 11,356 536 7,880 12,337 6,880 257 5,200 10,579 6,449 227 3,903 11,282 7,525 239 3,518 18,790 13,311 357 5,122 11,395 8,506 246 2,643 6,468 4,945 126 1,397 4,065 3,156 78 831 118,495 74,548 2,062 41,885 28,647 20.447 • 771 7,429 19,356 11,263 394 7. 699 12,045 6.454 162 5.429 9,558 5,441 133 3.984 10,836 6,450 128 4,258 18,895 12,049 229 6,617 10,739 6,996 140 3,603 5,509 3,560 70 1.879 2,910 1,888 35 987 56,765 36,497 732 19,536 14,683 10,825 338 3.520 8,746 5,428 154 3,164 5.727 3,097 52 2,578 4.375 2,445 40 1.890 4,958 2,818 32 2,108 9,273 5,908 60 3,305 5,254 3,469 33 1,752 2,558 1,691 16 851 1,191 816 7 368 61,730 38,051 1,330 22,349 13,964 9,622 433 3,909 10,610 5,835 240 4,535 6,318 3,357 110 2,851 5,183 2,996 93 2,094 5,878 3,632 96 2,150 9,622 6,141 169 3,312 5,485 3,527 107 1,851 2,951 1,869 54 1,028 1,719 1,072 28 619 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 ^74 Table XX. —Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total foreign white.. 12,995 4,192 145 8,658 10 to If years... 271 114 8 149 15 to 19 years..... 559 147 10 402 20 to 24 years... 1,477 427 17 1,033 25 to 29 years.... 2,189 709 21 1,459 30 to 34 years. ..-. 1,960 641 25 1,294 35 to 44 years---.-. 3,485 1,110 33 2,342 45 to 54 years.... 1,975 611 18 1,346 55 to G4 years---- 753 278 12 463 65 years and over....... 326 155 1 170 Foreign white males. 11,288 3,370 109 7,809 10 to 14 years...... 146 62 3 81 15 to 19 years... 397 95 r* i 295 20 to 24 years.. 1.259 337 11 911 25 to 29 years..— ... 1.948 619 16 1,313 30 to 34 years...-.... 1,749 534 19 1,196 35 to 44 years...... 3,160 958 28 2,174 45 to 54 years... ... 1,762 470 15 1,277 55 to 64 years....-.-. 626 195 9 422 65 years and over....... 241 100 1 140 Foreign white females.. .. 1,707 822 36 849 10 to 14 years.. 125 52 5 68 15 to 19 years... 162 52 3 107 20 to 24 years..... 218 90 6 122 25 to 29 years..... 241 90 5 146 30 to 34 years...-.. 211 107 6 98 35 to 44 years........ 325 152 5 168 45 to 54 years..... 213 141 3 69 55 to 64 years..... 127 83 3 41 65 years and over .... 85 55 30 Total colored.-. 106,527 77,933 2,342 26,252 10 to 14 years -.. . -. 22,986 17,762 641 4,583 15 to 19 years..... 16,363 10,785 450 5,128 20 to 24 years ....... 10,836 6,620 224 3,992 25 to 29 years.... 9,227 5,909 191 3,127 30 to 34 years.. 9,541 6.562 219 2,760 35 to 44 years.. 16,355 12, £59 273 3,723 45 to 54 years... 10, 724 8,783 187 1,754 55 to 64 years... 6,367 5,487 92 788 65 years and over...... 4,128 3,666 65 397 Colored males. 49,923 36,657 8 « 12,422 10 to 14 years. 11,722 9,415 281 2,026 15 to 19 years..... 7,363 5,316 157 1,890 20 to 24 years.*.. 5,035 3,187 83 1,765 25 to 29 years. 4,072 2,546 62 1,464 30 to 34 years. 4,348 2,776 82 1,490 35 to 44 years... ... 7.512 5,341 90 2,081 45 to 54 years. . 5,027 3,945 51 1,031 55 to 64 years. . 2,977 2.494 23 460 65 years and over. 1,867 1,637 15 215 Colored females... 56,604 41,276 1,498 13,830 10 to 14 years... . 11,264 8,347 360 2,557 15 to 19 years. .. . 9,000 5,469 293 3,238 20 to 24 years... 5,801 3,433 141 2,227 25 to 29 years.... 5,155 3,363 129 1,663 30 to 34 years...... 5,193 3, 786 137 1,270 35 to 44 years__ ____ 8,843 7,018 183 1,642 45 to 54 years.. ... 5,697 4,838 136 723 55 to 64 years.... 3,390 2,993 69 328 65 years and over. 2,261 2,029 50 182 LITERACY. 375 Table XX .—Population 10 yearn of age and over , by age, sex, race, and nativity. and by literacy —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total .... 23,500 7,097 934 15,469 10 to 14 years........ 3,892 982 252 2,658 15 to 19 years...-.-. 3,295 742 160 2,393 20 to 24 years... -.- - .- - - 3,056 657 113 2,286 25 to 29 years..... 2,684 655 101 1,928 30 to 34 years... 2,373 717 81 1,575 35 to 44 years.---- 3,847 1,326 113 2,408 45 to 54 years--- 2,360 1,022 59 1,279 55 to 64 years----- 1,285 620 35 630 65 years and over ....- 708 376 20 312 Total males - -... 11,391 2,959 342 8,090 10 to 14 years....-. 1,883 513 118 1,252 15 to 19 years----- 1,415 328 69 1,018 20 to 24 years........ 1,502 282 34 1,186 25 to 29 years...- ... 1,342 271 34 1,037 30 to 34 years —--- 1,214 270 29 915 35 to 44 years__-. 1,963 505 36 1,422 45 to 54 years____ 1,173 400 10 763 55 to 64 years___— 603 252 9 342 65 years and over....... 296 138 3 155 Total females___ 12,109 4,138 592 7,379 10 to 14 years.-. 2,009 469 134 1,406 15 to 19 years.......... 1,880 414 91 1,375 20 to 24 years---- 1,554 375 79 1,100 25 to 29 years------ 1,342 384 67 891 30 to 34 years.... .. 1,159 447 52 660 35 to 44 years_____ 1,884 821 77 986 45 to 54 years..- - -. 1,187 622 49 516 55 to 64 years...... 682 368 26 288 65 years and over.. 412 238 17 157 Total native white ....... 11,578 2,480 379 8,719 10 to 14 years.-...-. 2,390 519 135 1,736 15 to 19 years. ....... 1,920 353 74 1,493 20 to24 years..... 1,593 289 41 1,263 25 to 29 years......— 1,227 217 33 977 30 to 34 years._____— 1,044 235 28 781 35 to 44 years... 1,712 406 34 1,272 45 to 54 years_____ 928 261 18 649 55 to 64 years... 502 132 9 361 65 years and over... 262 68 7 187 Native white males._______. 5,034 937 129 3,968 10 to 14 years____ 1,159 260 64 835 15 to 19 years......... 792 141 28 623 20 to 24 years__ _____ 702 112 12 578 25 to 29 years....... 549 85 7 457 30 to34 years_ _—.. 472 79 8 385 35 to 44 years....... 717 130 i 580 45 to 54 years. 371 78 1 292 55 to 64 years...... 177 34 1 142 65 years and over____ 95 18 1 76 * Native white females ___ 6,544 1,513 250 4,751 10 to 14 years... 1,231 259 71 901 15 to 19 years...... 1,128 212 46 870 20 to 24 years...... 891 177 29 685 25 to 29 years..... 678 132 26 520 30 to 34 years.... . 572 156 20 396 35 to 44 years. ... 995 276 27 692 45 to 54 years..... 557 183 17 357 55 to 64 years.... 325 98 8 219 65 years and over. 167 50 6 111 376 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity . and by literacy— Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS—Continued. Total foreign white.. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years_ 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Foreign white males 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years_ 25 to 29 years__ 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Foreign white females 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years.. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years.. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over . Total colored. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years_ 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Colored males.. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Colored females_ 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years_ 35 to 44 years. 4-') to 51 years_ 55 to 64 years. 65 years' and over Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. 3,426 590 61 2,775 70 12 4 54 169 15 2 152 459 56 6 397 515 64 13 43S 502 102 11 389 850 166 13 671 540 106 7 427 217 46 5 166 104 23 81 2,865 392 39 2.434 41 10 1 30 139 10 1 128 390 37 4 349 445 43 8 394 429 69 8 352 716 111 10 595 455 75 3 377 176 27 4 145 74 10 64 561 198 22 341 29 2 3 24 30 5 1 24 69 19 2 48 70 21 5 44 73 33 3 37 134 55 3 76 85 31 4 50 41 19 1 21 30 13 17 8.496 4,027 494 3,975 1,432 451 113 868 1,206 374 84 748 1.004 312 66 626 942 374 oo 513 827 380 42 405 1,285 734 66 465 892 655 ;m 203 566 442 21 103 342 285 13 44 3,492 1,630 174 1,688 683 243 53 387 484 177 40 267 410 133 18 259 348 143 19 186 313 122 13 178 530 264 19 247 347 247 6 94 250 191 4 55 127 110 O 15 5,004 2,397 • 320 2,287 749 208 60 481 722 197 44 481 594 179 48 367 594 211 36 327 514 2.58 29 227 755 490 47 218 545 408 28 109 316 251 17 48 215 175 11 29 LITEKACY. Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over , by age, seqp, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. CITY OF HABANA. \ Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total. . .. 193,870 48,122 7,822 137,926 10 to 14 years...... 23,996 6,423 1,757 15,816 15 to 19 years... . 25,319 4,561 1,199 19,559 20 to 24 vears.. 27,599 4.808 859 21,932 25 to 29 years... 26,357 5,269 883 20,205 30 to 34 years... 21,982 5,217 733 16,032 35 to 44 years______ 32,354 8,408 1.139 22,807 45 to 54 years_ 19, 414 6,530 683 12,201 55 to 04 years_______ 11,066 4,395 374 6,29? 65 years and over.... 5,783 2,511 195 3,077 Total males ..... 102,532 20,264 2,742 79,526 10 to 14 years_____ 11,700 3,218 744 7.738 15 to 19 years__ 12,450 2, 088 457 9,905 20 to 24 years........ 15,164 2,066 330 12. 768 25 to 29 years----- 15,025 2.367 300 12,858 30 to 34 years____— 12,418 2,089 250 10,079 35 to 44 years__ ___ 17,852 3,242 338 14,272 45 to 54 years--- 10,224 2,577 189 7,453 55 to 64 years.....- 5.384 1.794 95 3,495 65 years and over- --- 2,315 823 39 1.453 Total females...— ... 91,338 27,858 5,080 58,400 10 to 14 years —________- 12, 296 3,205 1,013 8,078 15 to 19 years........ 12, 869 2,473 742 9,654 20 to 24 years..--- 12, 435 2, 742 529 9,164 25 to 29 years..... 11,332 2,902 583 7,847 30 to 34 years- --- -- 9.564 3,128 483 5,953 35 to44 years ...---- - 14,502 5,166 801 8,535 45 to 54 years------- 9,190 3,953 494 4.743 55 to 64 years_ _____ 5,682 2,601 279 2,802 65 years and over ..... 3,468 1,688 156 1,624 Total native white ...... 86, 799 12,539 2,679 71,581 10 to 14 years____ 15,336 3,163 854 11,319 15 to 19 years ----- 14,170 1,899 476 11,795 20 to 24 years....—-- 12,494 1,548 263 10,683 25 to 29 years... 10, 684 1,342 260 9,082 30 to 34 years---- 8,678 1,089 202 7,387 35 to 44 years --- -- 12,483 1,604 303 10,576 45 to 54 years..... 6,938 985 156 5,797 55 to 64 years______ 3,919 592 113 3,214 65 years and over___ 2,097 317 52 1,728 Native white males____ 38,630 5,238 927 32,465 10 to 14 years_ 7,402 1,609 363 5,430 15 to 19 years __ ___ 6,268 858 190 5,220 20 to 24 years...... 5,531 618 110 4,803 25 to 29 vears--- --- -- 4,900 573 76 4.251 30 to 34 years_ ______ 4,046 437 64 3.545 35 to 44 years_____ 5,545 572 79 4.894 45 to 54 years---- 2,868 292 31 2,545 55 to 64 years-------- 1.407 189 11 1,207 65 years and over ... 663 90 3 570 Native white females.. . 48,169 7,301 1,752 39,116 10 to 14 vears____ 7,9)34 1,554 491 5,889 15 to 19 years....... 7,902 1,041 286 6,575 20 to 24 years.......... 6,963 930 153 5,880 25 to 29 years_____ 5, 784 769 184 4,831 30 to 34 years___ 4,632 652 138 3,842 35 to 44 years___ 6,938 1,032 224 5,682 45 to 54 years ______ 4,070 693 125 3,252 55 to 64 years.... 2,512 403 102 2,007 65 years' and over__ 1,434 227 49 1,158 378 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over , by age, sex, race , and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. CITY OF HABANA—Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total foreign white... 51,623 7,817 1,073 42,733 10 to 14 years. 1,054 154 46 854 15 to 19 years. .... 3,689 257 55 3,377 20 to 24 years.. 8,051 834 138 7,079 25 to 29 years...... 8,770 1,098 170 7,502 30 to 34 years.—--- 7,463 1.125 142 6,196 35 to 44 years.. 11,264 1,819 254 9,191 45 to 54 years. 6.454 1,313 151 4,990 55 to 64 years... 3.323 781 rrrt i ( 2.465 65 years and over.. 1,555 436 40 1,079 Foreign white males.. 40,577 4,003 517 36,057 10 to 14 years. 656 81 22 553 15 to J9 years. 3,118 171 35 2,912 20 to 24 years. . 6. 791 508 81 6,202 25 to 29 years . 7,192 662 90 6.440 30 to 34 years. . 5,972 580 62 5,330 35 to 44 years.... 8,854 930 120 7,804 45 to 54 years....... 4,788 604 57 4,127 55 to 64 years . . . . . . 2,285 316 31 1,938 65 years and over . 921 151 19 751 Foreign white females. . . 11,046 3,814 556 6,676 10 to 14 years . 398 73 24 301 15 to 19 years . .. 571 86 20 465 20 to 24 years... 1.260 326 57 877 25 to 29 years______ 1,578 436 80 1,062 30 to 34 years . .... 1,491 545 80 866 35 to 44 years... 2,410 889 134 1,387 45 to 54 years. 1,666 709 94 863 55 to 64 years . ... 1.038 465 46 527 65 years' and over. 634 285 21 328 Total colored. -. 55,448 27,766 4,070 23,612 10 to 14 years . 7,606 3,106 857 3,643 15 to 19 years . 7.460 2,405 668 4,387 20 to 24 years . 7,054 2,426 458 4.170 25 to 29 years ..... 6,903 2,829 453 • 3,621 30 to 34 years . 5,841 3,003 389 2.449 35 to 44 years ... 8,607 4,985 582 3,(40 45 to 54 years ... 6,022 4,232 376 1,414 55 to 64 years.. 3,824 3,022 184 618 65 years and over. 2,131 1,758 103 270 Colored males... 23,325 11,023 1,298 11,004 10 to 14 years. 3,642 1.528 3o9 1,755 15 to 19 years.. 3,064 1,059 232 1.773 20 to 24 years.... 2,842 940 139 1.763 25 to 29 years... 2,933 1.132 134 1.667 30 to 34 years. 2,400 1.072 124 1.2(4 35 to 44 years. 3,453 1,740 139 1,574 45 to 54 years... 2,568 1,681 101 786 55 to 64 years. 1,692 1,289 53 350 65 years and over. 731 582 17 132 Colored females. 32,123 16,743 2,772 12,608 10 to 14 years. 3,964 1,578 498 1,888 15 to 19 years.... 4,396 1.346 m 2,614 20 to 24 years. 4,212 1.486 319 2.407 25 to 29 years... 3,970 1.697 319 1,954 30 to 34 years . 3.441 1.931 265 1.245 35 to 44 years. 5,154 3.245 443 1.466 45 to 54 years. 3,454 2,551 275 628 55 to 64 years... 2,132 1,733 131 268 65 years and over. 1,400 1,176 86 138 LITERACY 879 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total...... 29,046 9,699 1,289 18,058 10 to 14 years.. 4,876 1,373 316 3,187 15 to 19 years....... 4,187 1,136 253 2,798 20 to 24 years.... 3,751 999 156 2,596 25 to 29 years....-. 3,374 966 143 2,265 30 to 34 years. .... 2,679 877 102 1,700 35 to 44 years....-.-. 4.384 1,594 140 2.650 45 to 54 years.... 2,908 1,291 99 1,518 55 to 64 years-..----— 1,759 822 53 884 65 years and over. 1,128 641 27 460 Total males ..-- 13,284 4,004 458 8,822 10 to 14 years. 2,343 734 146 1,463 15 to 19 years___._ 1,787 492 102 1,193 20 to 24 years...-. 1,671 395 56 1,220 25 to 29 years......... 1,470 370 44 1,056 30 to 34 years. . 1,243 349 25 869 35 to 44 years.. 2,103 598 41 1.464 45 to 54 years.... 1,332 470 24 838 55 to 64 years...... . 867 347 U 506 65 years and over.. 468 249 6 213 Total females------ 15,762 5,695 831 9,236 10 to 14 years. 2,533 639 170 1,724 15 to 19 years.. 2,400 644 151 1,605 20 to 24 years.. 2,080 604 100 1.376 25 to 29 years...... 1,904 596 99 1,209 30 to 34 years... 1,436 528 77 831 35 to 44 years. 2,281 996 99 1,186 45 to 54 years..... 1,576 821 75 680 55 to 64 years. 892 475 39 378 65 years and over. 660 392 21 247 Total native white.... 16,108 3,930 609 11,569 10 to 14 years... 3,279 817 181 2,281 15 to 19 years. ..... 2,738 666 118 1,954 20 to 24 years..... 2,242 529 76 1,637 25 to 29 years... ... 1,869 457 57 1,355 30 to34 years.. 1.399 350 36 1,013 35 to 44 years.... 2,240 568 60 1,612 45 to 54 years'.. 1,306 338 49 919 55 to 64 years..... 667 131 23 513 65 years and over. 368 74 9 285 Native white males....... 6,781 1,664 219 4,898 10 to 14 years.. 1,567 440 87 1,040 15 to 19 years..... 1,124 272 51 801 20 to 24 years..... . 920 211 27 682 25 to 29 years.... 723 182 13 528 30 to 34 years .... 595 151 11 433 35 to 44 years... 960 223 19 718 45 to 54 years... 518 113 8 397 55 to 64 years. 260 47 3 210 65 years and over. 114 25 89 Native white females..... 9,327 2,226 390 6,671 10 to 14 years. 1,712 377 94 1,241 15 to 19 years.... 1,614 394 67 1,153 20 to 24 years...... 1,322 318 49 955 25 to 29 years...... 1,146 275 44 827 30 to 34 years ....... 804 199 25 580 35 to 44 years ...... 1,280 345 41 894 45 to 54 years...... 788 225 41 522 55 to 64 years. 407 84 20 303 65 years and over. 254 49 9 196 380 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over , by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS-Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total foreign white. 3,552 683 77 2,792 10 to 14 years.. 47 10 31 15 to 19 years....... 156 15 2 139 20 to 24 years..... 433 39 5 389 25 to 29 years.-.-. 469 59 4 406 50 to 34 years_____ 411 45 6 360 35 to 44 years..... 769 114 21 634 45 to 54 years.... 587 146 17 424 55 to 64 years.- - - 435 148 15 272 65 years and over... 245 107 7 131 Foreign white males ...-- 2,644 304 31 2,309 10 to 14 years ... ...... 24 5 19 15 to 19 years ... 116 6 110 20 to 24 years. ... 350 20 4 326 25 to 29 years....... 375 40 O 333 30 to 34 years....... 320 26 3 291 35 to 44 years. .....—. 618 56 8 554 45 to 54 years.. ... 419 63 4 349 55 to 64 years...... 284 50 4 230 65 years and over ..... 138 38 3 97 Foreign white females.... 908 379 46 483 10 to 14 years .. . ___ 23 5 IS 15 to 19 years ..... 40 9 o M 29 20 to24 years..... 83 19 1 63 25 to 29 years____ ___ 94 19 2 73 30 to 34 years ...... 91 19 3 69 35 to 44 years.... 151 58 13 80 45 to 54 years---- 168 83 10 75 55 to 64 years........ 151 98 11 42 65 years and over___ 107 69 4 34 Total colored... 9,386 5,086 603 3,697 10 to 14 5 *ears.... 1.550 546 135 869 15 to 19 years.... 1.293 455 1.33 705 20 to 24 years_____ 1,076 431 75 570 25 to 29 vears---- 1,036 450 82 504 30 to 34 years........... 869 482 60 327 35 to 44 years..... 1,375 912 59 404 45 to 54 years. ...... 1.015 807 :33 175 55 to 64 years...... 657 543 15 99 65 y ears and over ... .. . 515 460 11 44 Colored males. .. 3,859 2,036 208 1,615 10 to 14 years. 752 289 59 404 15 to 19 years... 547 214 51 282 20 to 24 years...... 401 164 25 212 25 to 29 years.. 372 148 29 195 20 to 34 years . ...... 328 172 11 145 35 to 44 years... 525 319 14 192 45 to 54 years. 395 294 9 92 55 to 64 vears... 323 250 1 66 65 years and over... 216 186 3 27 Colored females..... 5,527 3,050 395 2,082 10 to 14 years. 798 257 76 465 15 to 19 years....... 746 241 82 423 20 to 24 years ... 675 267 50 358 25 to 29 years... 664 1302 53 309 30 to ;34 years.... 5+1 310 49 182 35 to 44 years. 850 593 45 212 45 to 54 years.. 620 513 24 83 55 to 64 years. 334 293 8 33 65 years and over. 299 274 8 17 LITERACY 381 Table XX.— Population, 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total.....-.. 19,230 5,026 1,114 13,090 10 to 14 years--- 3,219 1.040 302 1,877 15 to 19 years...... 2,643 528 141 1,979 20 to 24 years . .. 2.005 300 69 1.636 25 to 29 years ..... 1,626 304 67 1,255 30 to 34 years ....... 1,339 395 84 1,360 35 to 44 years... .. 3,079 792 172 2,115 45 to 54 years--- --- 2,263 707 117 1,439 55 to 64 years..-.. 1,530 486 103 941 65 years and over..... 1,021 474 59 488 Total males.-.-.-. 7,979 2,081 344 5,554 10 to 14 years...---- 1,515 544 138 833 15 to 19 years----- 1,038 245 52 741 20 to 24 years.... 847 126 25 696 25 to 29 years____-. 667 124 17 526 30 to 34 years----- - -.. 740 136 22 582 35 to 44 years----- -. 1,276 291 42 943 45 to 54 years .-. 902 242 23 637 55 to 64 years.... 591 187 16 388 65 years and over ...... 403 186 9 208 Total females ....- -. 11,251 2,945 770 7,536 10 to 14 years ------ 1,704 496 164 1,044 15 to 19 years....... 1,610 283 89 1,238 20 to 24 years__--- 1,158 174 44 940 25 to 29 years.---- 959 180 50 729 30 to 34 years....- --- 1,099 259 62 778 35 to 44 years....----- 1,803 501 130 1,172 45 to 54 years...-. 1.361 465 94 802 55 to 64 years----- 939 299 87 553 65 years and over--- 618 288 50 280 Total native white....... 12,224 2,600 607 9,017 10 to 14 years........-. 2,344 686 211 1,447 15 to 19 years.... ... 1.840 334 87 1,419 20 to 24 years..— 1,233 172 27 1,034 25 to 29 years.... 931 158 23 750 30 to 34 years ....... 1.178 218 40 920 35 to 44 years... -- 1,974 408 87 1,479 45 to 54 years.... 1.337 322 54 961 55 to 64 years.... 890 189 48 653 65 years and over----- 497 113 30 354 Native white males..... 4,645 1,032 200 3,413 10 to 14 years--- 1,080 361 95 624 15 to 19 years.... 713 158 32 523 20 to 24 years---- 464 73 12 379 25 to 29 years.... :i38 64 5 269 30 to 34 years. .... 432 71 8 353 35 to 44 years......—. 764 147 23 594 45 to 54 years___ -.-.. — 434 90 13 331 55 to 64 years... 272 46 9 217 65 years and over. 148 22 3 123 Native white females .... 7,579 1,568 407 5,604 10 to 14 years... . 1,264 325 116 823 15 to 19 years..... 1,127 176 55 896 20 to 24 years...... 769 99 15 655 25 to 29 years.. 593 94 18 ! 481 30 to 31 years....... 746 147 32 567 35 to 44 years... ........ 1,210 261 64 885 45 to 54 years.... 903 232 41 630 55 to 64 years..... 618 143 39 436 65 years and over ..... 349 91 27 231 382 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XX. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but cannot write. Can read and write. Total foreign white.. 1,244 230 34 980 10 to 14 years. 31 2 29 15 to 19 years ... 61 61 20 to24 years....... . 157 14 4 139 25 to 29 years...... 174 26 6 142 30 to 34 years ......— 132 24 5 103 35 to 44 years... 266 51 8 207 45 to 54 years....... 217 50 7 160 55 to 64 years..... 130 32 3 95 65 years and over....... 76 31 1 44 Foreign white males....... 1,061 183 22 856 10 to 14 years..... 16 1 15 15 to 19 years... .... 46 46 20 to 24 years. ........ 128 11 1 116 25 to 29 years.. .. 158 25 6 127 30 to 34 years... .... 122 24 4 94 35 to 44 years......... 237 44 6 187 45 to 54 years.... —. 196 41 3 152 55 to 64 years ....... 100 20 1 79 65 years and over--- 58 17 1 40 Foreign white females....... 183 47 12 124 10 to 14 years 15 1 14 15 to 19 years 15 15 20 to 24 years..... 29 3 3 23 25 to 29 years.... .... 16 1 15 30 to 34 years____ _ . ... 10 1 9 35 to 44 years.____ — 29 7 2 20 45 to 54 years___ __ — 21 9 4 8 55 to 64 years----- 30 12 O 16 65 years and over . . 18 14 4 Total colored----- ... 05 2,196 473 3,093 10 to 14 years. .... 844 352 91 401 15 to 19 years..... 747 194 54 499 20 to 24 years.. ...— 615 114 38 463 25 to 29 years.____ _ 521 120 38 363 30 to 34 years... . .. 529 153 39 337 35 to 44 years--- 839 :»3 77 429 45 to 54 years.....— 709 335 56 318 55 to 64 years- - 510 265 52 193 65 years and over --- . . — 448 330 28 90 Colored males...... 2,273 866 122 1,285 10 to 14 years ........ ... . 419 182 43 194 15 to 19 years.... 279 87 20 172 20 to 24 years..... 255 42 12 201 25 to 29 years. .... 171 35 6 130 30 to 34 years.... . 186 41 10 135 35 to 44 years..... 275 100 13 162 45 to 54 years.... 272 111 7 154 55 to 64 years..... 219 121 6 02 65 years and over. 197 147 5 45 Colored females ..... 3,489 1,330 351 1,808 10 to 14 years .... 425 170 48 207 15 to 19 years . . . 468 107 :u 327 20 to 24 years...... 360 72 26 262 25 to 29 years. . ... 350 85 32 233 30 to 34 years..... 343 112 29 202 35 to 44 years. 564 233 64 267 45 to 54 years. 437 224 49 164 55 to 64 years..... 291 144 46 101 65 years' and over . 251 183 23 45 LITERACY 383 Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over , by age , sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy —Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO. Total. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years..... 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years- 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Total males. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years_ 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Total females. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Total native white... 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years_ 20 to 24 years... - 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Native white males.. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Native white females 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. 34,478 10,527 1,109 22,842 6,028 2,032 372 3,624 5,071 1,068 177 3,826 3,815 757 76 2,982 3,604 851 89 2,664 3,707 1,052 105 2,550 5,862 1,933 141 3,788 3,590 1,442 89 2,059 1,832 885 39 908 969 507 21 441 15,666 4,256 429 10,981 2,879 1,078 169 1,632 2,210 568 75 1,567 1,760 323 28 1,409 1,727 374 33 1,320 1,778 386 40 1,352 2,743 667 46 2,030 1,569 463 24 1,082 683 248 10 425 317 149 4 164 i 18,812 6,271 680 11,861 3,149 954 203 1,992 2,861 500 102 2,259 2,055 434 48 1,573 1,877 477 56 1,344 1,929 666 65 1.198 3,119 1,266 95 1,758 2,021 979 b5 977 1,149 637 29 483 652 358 17 277 11,602 1,526 236 9,840 2,281 462 120 1,699 1,887 178 38 1,671 1,324 106 9 1,209 1,095 102 10 983 1,145 134 11 1,000 1,869 275 27 1,567 1,128 156 16 9.56 567 70 5 492 306 43 263 4,834 634 100 4,100 1,099 250 58 791 808 95 21 692 570 53 6 511 443 40 2 401 461 37 3 421 783 93 7 683 400 43 2 355 184 11 1 172 86 12 74 6,768 892 136 5,740 1,182 212 62 908 1,079 83 17 979 754 53 3 698 652 62 8 582 684 97 8 579 1,086 182 20 884 728 113 14 601 383 59 4 320 220 31 189 384 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XX .—Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity and by literacy —Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total foreign white.. 10 to 14 years._ 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years_ 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years_ 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Foreign white males. 10 to 14 years_ 15 to 19 years_ 20 to 24 years_ 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years_ 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years_ 65 years and over Foreign white females 10 to 14 years.. 15 to 19 years.. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years_ 35 to 44 years.. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over . Total colored.. 10 to 14 years_ 15 to 19 years_ 20 to 24 years_ 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years_ 35 to 44 years- 45 to 54 years_ 55 to 64 years- 65 years and over Colored males. 10 to 14 years_ 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years_ 25 to 29 years_ 30 to 34 years_ 35 to 44 years_ 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years.... 65 years and over Colored females_ 10 to 14 years .... 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years ... 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years_ 35 to 44 years_ 45 to 54 years_ 55 to 64 years 65 years'and over Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. 3,277 614 53 2, CIO 88 22 4 62 216 17 3 196 403 67 6 3!30 572 107 8 457 494 106 10 378 821 161 12 648 461 90 6 365 151 29 3 119 71 15 1 55 2,711 452 33 2,226 43 6 1 36 153 10 1 142 325 43 4 278 479 86 7 386 423 81 5 337 705 126 9 570 408 69 4 335 125 99 1 102 50 9 1 40 566 162 20 384 45 16 3 26 63 7 2 54 78 24 2 52 93 21 1 71 71 25 5 41 116 35 3 78 53 21 2 30 26 7 2 17 21 6 15 19.599 8,387 820 10,392 3,659 1.548 248 1,863 2.968 873 136 1,959 2.088 584 61 1,443 1.937 642 71 1,224 2,068 812 84 1.172 3.172 1.497 102 1,573 2.001 1.196 67 7:38 1.114 786 31 297 592 449 20 123 8,121 3,170 296 4,655 1,737 822 110 805 1.249 463 53 733 865 227 18 620 805 248 24 5:33 894 268 32 594 1,255 448 30 4 14 761 351 18 :392 374 215 8 151 181 128 3 50 11,478 5,217 524 5,737 1.922 726 138 1,058 1,719 410 83 1,226 1.223 357 43 823 1.132 394 47 691 1.174 .544 52 578 1.917 1.049 72 796 1.240 845 49 346 740 571 23 146 411 321 17 73 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 385 Table XXI .—School attendance by months, with sex, aye, and race. CUBA. al 1 month 2 to 3 4 to 5 6 to 7 8 months X U tdi. or less. months. months. months. or more. Total___ 87,935 6,703 15,702 15,742 21,711 28,077 Under 5 years.___ 683 97 195 141 118 132 5 to 9 years_____ 39,876 3,655 8,250 7,395 9,358 11,218 10 to It years... 43,326 2,767 6,711 7,552 11,175 15,091 15 to IT years.. 3,138 156 450 590 921 1,321 18 years and over___ 612 28 66 64 139 315 Total males... 41,503 3,309 8,033 7,999 10,864 14,298 Under 5 years.. 303 41 81 57 57 64 5 to 9 years.... . 20,115 1,820 1,203 3,742 4, 718 5,632 10 to 11 years____ 21,166 1,310 3,405 3,827 5,399 7,495 15 to 17 years__ 2,116 89 298 321 573 832 18 years and over.. 503 19 43 49 117 275 Total females..... 43,132 3,391 7,669 7,743 10,847 13,779 Under 5 years..... 380 56 111 84 61 68 5 to 9 years_____ 19,761 1.835 4,017 3.653 4,640 5,586 10 to li years.. .. 21,860 1.127 3,336 3,725 5,776 7,596 15 to 17 years_ 1.322 67 152 • 266 348 489 18 years and over___ 109 9 23 15 22 40 Total native white.... 62,083 4,151 9,781 10,509 15,689 21,953 Under 5 years.___ 501 69 135 95 93 109 5 to 9 years.... 28,127 2,231 5,229 4,971 6,849 8,841 10 to It years..... 30,285 1.717 1,062 4,965 7,912 11,629 15 to 17 years_-... 2,651 111 307 428 714 1,091 18 years and over__ 516 20 48 50 121 277 Native white males...... 32,132 2,055 5,140 5,504 8,005 'll, 128 Under 5 years... 217 25 58 39 43 52 5 to 9 years.... It, 130 1.130 2,727 2,558 3,507 1,508 10 to It years___ 15,356 828 2, 111 2,625 3,884 5,905 15 to 17 years__ 1,701 60 210 244 467 720 18 years and over . ___ 128 12 31 38 104 213 Native white females.... 29,951 2,096 4,611 5,005 7,684 10,525 Under 5 years____ 281 U r/rf i t 56 50 57 5 to 9 years..__ 13,697 1.101 2,502 2,413 3,342 4,336 10 to It years...... 11,929 889 1,918 2,340 4,028 5,724 15 to 17 years...... 953 51 97 184 247 371 18 years and over ..... 88 8 17 12 17 34 Total foreign white. ... 1,131 56 162 201 276 439 Under 5 years.... 19 3 8 5 2 1 5 to 9 years.. . 110 27 75 95 96 147 10 to It years... 558 21 68 82 146 211 15 to 17 years.. . 76 3 5 15 21 32 18 years and over___ 11 2 6 4 11 18 Foreign white males_ 617 35 81 112 149 237 Under 5 years_ 8 2 1 3 1 1 5 to 9 years.. 210 21 35 50 51 80 10 to 14 years. 277 8 38 45 69 117 15 to 17 years... 53 9 (J 5 10 11 22 18 years and over.. 39 2 5 4 11 17 Foreign white females. 517 21 78 89 127 202 Under 5 years.. ... 11 1 7 2 1 5 to 9 years. 200 6 10 45 42 67 10 to It years... . 281 13 30 37 77 124 15 to 17 years.... 23 1 5 7 10 18 years and over.. 2 1 1 Total colored. 21,718 2,496 5,759 5,032 5,746 5,685 Under 5 years_ 163 25 52 41 23 22 5 to 9 years. 11,309 1,391 2,916 2,329 2,413 2,227 10 to It years_ 12,483 1,029 2,611 2,505 3,117 3,221 15 to 17 years.. 708 42 138 147 186 195 18 years and over. 55 6 12 10 7 20 24662-25 386 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXI .—School attendance by months, with sex, aye, and race —Continued. CUBA—Continued. 1 month 3 to 3 4 to 5 6 to 7 8 months jl otai. or less. months. months. months. or more. Colored males.-.-. 11,754 1,319 2,809 2,383 2,710 2,633 Under 5 years.. 78 . 14 25 15 13 11 5 to 9 years.... 5,445 669 1,441 1,134 1,157 1,044 10 to 14 years..... 5,833 504 1,253 1,157 1,446 1.473 15 to 17 years.. 363 27 83 70 92 90 18 years and over ---- 36 5 7 7 2 15 Colored females.. 13,964 1,377 2,950 2,649 3,036 3,052 Under 5 years.---- 85 11 27 26 10 11 5 to 9 years.. 5,864 735 1,505 1,195 1,256 1,183 10 to 14 years.... 6,650 535 1,358 1,348 1.671 1,748 15 to 17 years.. 346 15 55 77 94 105 18 years and over ... 19 1 5 3 5 5 PROVINCE OF HABANA. Total. 30,873 1,715 4,488 4,923 7,080 12,667 Under 5 years. 376 51 90 80 65 90 5 to 9 years_ _ 14,276 958 2,407 2,413 3,153 5,345 10 to 14 years.--- 14,462 663 1,824 2,156 3,426 6,393 15 to 17 years--- - 1,402 29 141 239 365 628 18 years and over... 357 14 26 35 71 211 Total males. 16,178 867 2,404 2,571 3,668 6,668 Under 5 years... 172 23 37 34 34 44 5 to 9 years..-. 7,271 482 1,228 1,243 1,602 2,716 10 to 14 years....... 7,484 334 1,002 1,135 1,734 3,279 15 to 17 years.... 940 21 119 130 238 432 18 years and over _ _ 311 7 18 29 60 197 Total females. 14,695 848 2,084 2,352 3,412 5,999 Under 5 years.. 204 28 53 46 31 46 5 to 9 years.... 7,005 476 1,179 1,170 1,551 2,629 10 to 14 years--- 6,978 329 822 1,021 1,692 3,114 15 to 17 years___ 462 8 22 109 127 196 18 years and over__ — 46 t 8 6 11 14 Total native white.. 23,592 1,201 3,078 3,593 5,419 10,301 Under 5 years-- 391 39 67 58 51 76 5 to 9 years.... 10,923 692 1,693 1,768 2,423 4,347 10 to 14 years_ _ 10,909 439 1,207 1,549 2,567 5,147 15 to 17 years.... 1,163 21 94 191 311 546 18 years and over.. 306 10 17 27 67 185 Native white males--- 12,527 596 1,669 1,897 2,839 5,526 Under 5 years. 127 14 29 23 26 35 5 to 9 years.... 5,628 344 874 915 1,243 2,252 10 to 14 years. 5,712 220 677 831 1,305 2,679 15 to 17 years.... 792 14 78 106 208 386 18 years and over.. 268 4 11 22 57 174 Native white females. 11,065 605 1,409 1,696 2,580 4,7i5 Under 5 years... 164 25 38 35 25 41 5 to 9 years.... 5,295 348 819 853 1,180 2,095 10 to 14 years... 5,197 219 530 718 1.262 2,468 15 to 17 years.... 371 rt ( 16 85 103 160 18 years and over ... 38 6 6 5 10 11 Total foreign white. 733 29 - . . 97 138 165 304 Under 5 years... 16 2 7 5 1 1 5 to 9 years.. :m 15 47 68 62 111 10 to 14 vears.. :«9 10 37 50 86 156 15 to 17 years___ 51 1 3 12 13 22 18 years and over .... 1 T —- 3 3 — 3 — 14 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 387 Table XXI. —School attendance by months, with sex, age, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Foreign white males... 399 19 48 73 88 171 Under 5 years___ 8 2 1 3 1 1 5 to 9 years___ — 159 12 22 32 31 62 10 to 14 years..... 172 3 20 27 43 79 15 to 17 years____ 38 1 3 8 10 16 18 years and over. 22 1 2 3 3 13 Foreign white females... 334 10 49 65 77 133 Under 5 years ... 8 6 2 5 to 9 years.. 144 3 25 36 31 49 10 to 14 years..... 167 7 17 23 43 77 15 to 17 years ..... 13 4 3 6 18 years" and over____ 2 1 1 Total colored.. .. 6,548 485 1,313 1,192 1,496 2,062 Under 5 years..... 69 10 16 17 13 13 5 to 9 years..____ 3,050 251 667 577 668 887 10 to 14 years... 3,214 214 580 557 773 1,090 15 to 17 years.. .... 188 7 44 36 41 60 18 years and over ... 27 3 6 5 1 12 Colored males..... 3,252 252 687 601 741 971 Under 5 years___ 37 7 7 8 7 8 5 to 9 years____ 1,484 126 332 296 328 402 10 to 14 years.... 1,600 111 305 277 386 521 15 to 17 years__ . 110 6 38 16 20 30 18 years and over_ 21 2 5 4 10 Colored females..... 3,296 233 626 591 755 1,091 Under 5 years___ _ 32 3 9 9 6 5 5 to 9 years___ 1,566 125 335 281 340 485 10 to 14 years_ 1,614 103 275 280 387 569 15 to 17 years____ 78 1 6 20 21 30 18 years and over_ 6 1 1 1 1 2 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Total. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total males. • Under 5 years_ 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total females. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total native white... Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over 14,693 1,503 2,743 2,527 3,882 4,038 53 12 15 8 9 9 6,645 824 1,454 1,188 1,598 1,581 7,293 617 1,173 1,229 2,051 2,223 649 47 91 98 206 207 53 3 10 4 18 18 7,117 718 1,318 1,260 1,868 1,953 18 5 1 4 4 4 3,306 405 698 625 795 783 3,415 282 558 575 939 1,061 340 23 54 52 115 96 38 3 7 4 15 9 7,576 785 1,425 1,267 2,014 2,085 35 7 14 4 5 5 3,339 419 756 563 803 798 3,878 335 . 615 654 1,112 1,162 309 24 37 46 91 111 15 .. 3 3 9 9,495 792 1,511 1,508 2,712 2,972 29 5 11 3 5 5 4,198 408 790 721 1,115 1,164 4,736 346 641 704 1,421 1,624 484 31 61 77 153 162 48 2 — 8 3 18 17 388 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXI. — School attendance by .months, ivith sex, age, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS—Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Native white males... 4,728 382 730 794 1,352 1,470 Under 5 years*.. 10 3 1 2 2 2 5 to 9 years ..*. 2,137 201 385 399 564 588 10 to 14 years... 2,276 160 301 345 678 792 15 to 17 years.. 272 16 38 45 93 80 18 years and over. 33 2 5 3 15 8 Native white females.. 4,767 410 781 714 1,360 1,502 Under 5 years.... 19 2 10 1 3 3 5 to 9 years... 2,061 207 405 322 551 576 10 to 14 years ... 2,460 186 340 359 743 832 15 to 17 years .. 212 15 23 32 60 82 18 years and over. .. 15 3 3 9 Total foreign white.. 89 8 13 16 32 20 Under 5 years. 3 1 1 1 5 to 9 years.. 30 5 3 6 11 5 10 to 14 years. .. 46 1 8 9 16 12 15 to 17 years.. 8 1 1 4 2 18 years and over 2 1 1 Foreign white males. 41 4 8 ef t 14 8 Under 5 years 5 to 9 years. 21 4 2 4 8 3 10 to 14 years.... 17 5 3 5 4 15 to 17 years 1 1 18 years and over. 2 1 1 Foreign white females. 48 4 5 9 18 12 Under 5 years... 3 1 1 1 5 to 9 years... 9 1 1 2 3 2 10 to 14 years. .. 29 1 3 6 11 8 15 to 17 years. 7 1 1 3 2 18 years and over. Total colored... 5,109 703 1,219 1,003 1,138 1,046 Under 5 years. 21 6 3 5 3 4 5 to 9 years... 2,417 411 661 461 472 412 10 to 14 years.. 2,511 270 524 516 614 587 15 to 17 years.... 157 15 30 20 49 43 18 years and over ... 3 1 1 1 Colored males.... 2,348 332 580 459 502 475 Under 5 years... 8 2 2 2 2 5 to 9 years... 1,148 200 311 9*22 223 192 10 to 14 years.. 1.122 122 252 227 2.56 265 15 to 17 years. 67 7 16 7 21 Hi 18 years and over. 3 i 1 1 Colored females. 2,761 371 639 544 6:56 571 Under 5 years . 13 4 3 3 1 2 5 to 9 vears.. 1,269 211 350 239 249 220 10 to 14 years. 1,389 148 272 289 358 322 15 to 17 years. 90 8 14 13 28 27 18 years and over. • PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Total. 3,412 268 583 455 853 1,253 Under 5 years . 12 5 3 4 5 to 9 years. 1,643 157 348 229 426 483 10 to 14 years.. 1.652 108 220 2(H) :199 719 15 to 17 years.. 92 3 10 17 20 42 18 years and over.. 13 4 9 — _ SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 389 Table XXI .—School attendance by months, with sex, age, and race — Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO-Continued. Total males Under 5 years_ 5 to 9 years.. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total females_ Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 11 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total native white Under 5 years_ 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years_ 18 years and over Native white males . Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over . Native white females Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over . Total foreign white. Under 5 years_ 5 to 9 years .j. 10 to 14 years.. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Foreign white males Under 5 years- 5 to 9 years.. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Foreign white females Under 5 years- 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total colored. Under 5 years_ 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Colored males. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years_ 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total. 1,790 6 853 855 66 10 1,623 6 790 797 26 3 2,638 9 1,261 1,278 80 10 1,432 3 670 690 61 8 1,206 6 591 588 19 26 15 11 16 11 5 10 1 month or less. 136 85 48 3 132 60 207 119 85 3 112 68 41 3 95 51 44 748 3 367 363 12 3 342 172 11)0 59 38 21 24 2 to 3 months. 308 2 185 113 8 275 3 163 107 419 253 155 7 233 1 139 86 7 186 3 114 69 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. 252 439 3 130 111 8 203 99 95 9 335 1 165 154 15 190 1 94 88 7 145 71 66 8 159 1 91 64 3 74 1 45 118 62 60 2 34 23 1 1 214 208 13 3 414 3 212 191 660 4 329 307 16 4 350 1 173 163 10 3 310 3 156 144 6 1 184 91 89 4 81 35 43 3 655 23!) 375 34 7 598 244 344 8 2 1,017 395 577 39 6 547 196 312 34 470 199 265 5 1 8 2 3 1 2 228 85 137 3 3 103 41 60 2 390 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899 Table XXI .—School attendance by months, with sex, age, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Colored females.. 406 35 85 58 103 125 Under 5 years. . 5 to 9 years .. 195 21 46 28 56 44 10 to 14 years.. 203 14 _ 37 29 46 77 15 to 17 years ... 7 2 1 1 3 18 years and over 1 1 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Total. 4.398 305 767 792 1,372 1,162 « Under 5 years.. 15 3 2 4 3 3 5 to 9 years. 2,181 151 441 416 662 511 10 to 14 years ..... 2.116 147 317 &53 678 621 15 to 17 years. 73 3 6 16 24 24 18 years and over. 13 1 1 3 5 3 Total males... 2,225 171 383 392 674 605 TTn d er 5 years _ _.. 5 2 1 2 5 to 9 years... 1,103 87 215 195 340 266 10 to 14 years..... 1.059 79 162 186 313 319 15 to 17 years...... 47 2 5 9 16 15 18 years and over. 11 1 1 2 4 3 Total females...-. 2,173 134 384 400 698 557 Under 5 years.. 10 1 2 4 2 1 5 to 9 years. 1,078 64 226 221 322 245 10 to 14 years... 1,057 68 155 167 365 302 15 to 17 years.... 26 1 1 7 8 9 18 years and over __ 2 1 1 Total native white... 3,601 240 580 622 1,149 1,010 Under 5 years... 14 2 2 4 3 3 5 to 9 years. 1,779 121 343 330 550 435 10 to 14 years... 1.738 115 231 272 569 551 15 to 17 years.. 61 2 3 14 24 18 18 years and over .... 9 1 2 3 3 Native white males... 1,808 133 293 305 560 517 Under 5 years. 4 1 1 2 5 to 9 years.... 892 72 170 149 281 220 10 to 14 years. 864 59 119 145 259 282 15 to 17 years.. 39 1 3 9 16 10 18 years and over. 9 1 2 3 3 Native white females. 1,793 107 287 317 589 493 Under 5 years. 10 1 2 4 2 1 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 887 49 173 181 269 215 15 to 17 years... 874 56 112 127 310 269 18 years and over. 22 1 5 8 8 Total foreign white. 42 5 9 3 12 13 Under 5 years.. 5 to 9 years... rr ( 2 1 1 1 2 10 to 14 years. ... 31 2 7 o At 10 10 15 to 17 years. 3 1 1 1 18 years and over. 1 1 Foreign white males. 07 Ati 4 7 2 5 9 Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years... 5 1 i 1 2 10 to 14 years. 18 2 5 1 4 6 15 to 17 years. 3 i 1 1 18 years’ and over. . 1 1 — SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 391 Table XXI .—School attendance by months, with sex , age, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. 1 month 2 to 3 4 to 5 6 to 7 8 months l otai. or less. months. months. months. or more. Foreign white females... 15 1 2 1 7 4 TTndflr 6 vpa.rs 5 to 9 years ... 2 1 1 10 to 14 years ... 13 2 1 6 4 15 to 17 years . . 18 years and over . .. Total colored___— 755 60 178 167 211 139 Under 5 years _ 1 1 5 to 9 years..... 395 28 97 85 111 74 10 to 14 years ..... 347 30 79 79 99 60 15 to 17 years ... 9 2 2 5 18 yea.rs and over . _ 3 1 1 1 . Colored males.. 390 34 83 85 109 79 Under 5 yea.rs . . . 1 1 5 to 9 years... 206 14 44 45 59 44 10 to 14 years.. .. 177 18 38 40 50 31 15 to 17 years . ... 5 1 4 18 years and over . 1 1 Colored females____ 365 26 95 82 102 60 Under 5 years.. 5 to 9 years..... 189 14 53 40 52 30 10 to 14 years.... 170 12 41 39 49 29 15 to 17 years.. 4 1 2 1 18 years and over.. 2 1 1 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Total. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to II years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and oyer Total males. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total females. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years_ 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total native white... Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Native white males.. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to It years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over 20,301 2,039 4,124 3,549 4,404 6,185 134 23 49 27 17 18 8,763 1,078 2,057 1,580 1,821 2,227 10,578 876 1,887 1,837 2,392 3,586 724 55 119 101 151 298 102 7 12 4 23 56 10,215 1,008 2,154 1,818 2,160 3,075 63 8 31 7 9 8 4,425 528 1,090 792 918 1,097 5,203 437 958 961 1,107 1,740 439 29 66 54 105 185 85 6 9 4 21 45 10,086 1,031 1,970 1,731 2,244 3,110 71 15 18 20 8 10 4,338 550 967 788 903 1,130 5,375 439 929 876 1,285 1,846 285 26 53 47 46 113 17 1 3 2 11 14,014 1,239 2,567 2,429 3,119 4,660 84 16 30 12 12 14 5,993 636 1,297 1,058 1,305 1,697 7,302 540 1,137 1,292 1,670 2,663 546 41 93 63 114 235 89 6 10 4 18 51 7,241 616 1,399 1,292 1,553 2,381 41 5 18 5 6 7 3,062 316 709 532 659 846 3, 706 270 608 715 785 1,328 356 20 56 36 86 158 76 5 8 4 17 42 392 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXI. — School attendance by months, with sex , age, and race —Continued PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA-Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Native white females. 6,773 623 1,168 1,137 1,566 2,279 Under 5 years. 43 11 12 rr 7 6 7 5 to 9 years. 2,931 320 588 526 646 851 JO to 14 years. 3,596 270 529 577 885 1,335 15 to 17 years. 190 21 37 27 28 77 18 years and over. 13 1 2 1 9 Total foreign white. 136 9 23 19 32 53 Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 45 4 12 rr i 10 12 10 to 14 years. 76 4 10 10 17 35 15 to 17 years . 9 2 3 4 18 years and over. 6 1 1 2 2 Foreign white males. 74 5 14 15 17 23 Under 5 years.. 5 to 9 years. 26 3 r* t 5 5 6 10 to 14 years. 36 1 6 8 8 13 15 to 17 years.. 6 2 2 2 18 years and over. 6 1 1 2 2 Foreign white females .. 62 4 9 4 15 30 Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 19 1 5 2 5 6 10 to 14 years... 40 3 4 2 9 22 15 to 17 years... 3 1 2 18 years and over.. Total colored. 6,151 791 1,534 1,101 1,253 1,472 Under 5 years. 50 7 19 15 5 4 5 to 9 years. 2,725 438 748 515 506 518 10 to 14 years. 3,200 332 740 535 705 888 15 to 17 years. 169 14 26 36 34 59 18 years and over. rr ( 1 3 3 Colored males. 2,900 387 741 511 590 671 Under 5 years.. 22 3 13 2 3 1 5 to 9 years.. 1,337 209 374 255 254 245 10 to 14 years.. 1.461 166 344 238 314 399 15 to 17 years... i i 9 10 16 17 25 18 years and over. 3 2 1 Colored females... 3,251 404 793 590 663 801 Under 5 years... 28 4 6 13 2 3 5 to 9 years.... 1.388 229 374 260 252 273 10 to 14 years_ __ 1,739 166 396 297 391 489 15 to 17 years... 92 5 16 20 17 34 18 years and over.. 4 1 1 2 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Total.... 14.258 873 2,997 3.496 4,120 2,772 Under 5 years.. . . 93 8 34 19 20 12 5 to 9 years... 6,368 487 1,543 1,569 1.698 1,071 10 to 14 years. . 7.225 356 1.320 1, 771 2,229 1,549 15 to 17 years.. 498 19 83 119 155 122 18 years and over.... 74 3 17 18 18 18 Total males. 6,978 409 1,466 1,706 2.055 1,342 Under 5 years. 39 3 13 9 8 6 5 to 9 years.. 3,157 233 787 737 849 531 10 to 14 years. . 3,450 160 612 859 1,098 721 15 to 17 years. 284 11 46 71 86 70 18 years and over.. 48 *) 8 10 14 14 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 393 Table XXI .—School attendance by months, with sex, age, and, race —Contirued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Total females...- - 7,280 464 1,531 1,790 2,065 1,430 Under 5 years... 54 5 21 10 12 6 5 to 9 years.. . 3,211 254 756 812 849 540 10 to 14 years..... 3,775 196 708 912 1,131 828 15 to 17 years.... 214 8 37 48 69 52 18 years and over--- 26 1 9 8 4 4 Total native white--— 8,743 472 1,626 2.022 2,630 2,093 Under 5 years.---- 74 7 21 17 18 11 5 to 9 years__ 3,973 258 853 929 1,127 806 10 to 14 years.------ 4,322 192 691 994 1,378 1,067 15 to 17 years- 320 13 49 68 96 94 18 years and over.___ 54 2 12 14 11 15 Native white males.... 4,396 216 816 1,026 1,351 987 Under 5 years.. 32 2 9 8 7 6 5 to 9 years...... 2,041 129 450 469 587 406 10 to 14 years... 2,108 78 323 501 694 512 15 to 17 years...... 181 6 28 41 54 52 18 years and over_ 34 1 6 i 9 11 Native white females .. 4,347 , 256 810 996 1,279 "ld>06 Under 5 years.... 42 5 12 9 11 5 5 to 9 years.... 1,932 129 403 460 540 400 10 to 14 years...... 2,214 114 368 493 684 555 15 to 17 years........ 139 7 21 27 42 42 18 years and over____ 20 1 6 7 2 4 Total foreign white___ 108 3 15 23 26 41 Under 5 years... . .. 5 to 9 years... 40 1 8 11 6 14 10 to 14 years... 55 2 5 11 14 23 15 to 17 years____ 5 1 1 3 18 years and over. .... 8 1 1 5 1 Foreign white males... 60 3 6 13 17 21 Under 5 years... 5 to 9 years___ 18 1 9 6 4 5 10 to 14 years___ 29 2 2 6 7 12 15 to 17 years... 5 1 1 3 18 years and over... 8 1 1 5 1 Foreign white females.... 48 9 10 9 20 Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years..... 22 6 5 2 9 10 to 14 years... . 26 3 5 7 11 15 to 17 years___ 18 years and over.... Total colored ___ 5,407 398 1,356 1,451 1,464 738 Under 5 years_____ 19 1 13 2 2 1 5 to 9 years.... 2,355 228 682 629 565 251 10 to 14 years_ ___ 2,848 162 624 766 837 459 15 to 17 years___ 173 6 33 51 58 25 18 years and over.. 12 1 4 3 2 2 Colored males...... 2,522 190 644 667 687 334 Under 5 years...... r*- 1 4 1 1 5 to 9 years.. 1,098 103 335 282 258 120 10 to 14 years___ .. 1,313 80 287 352 397 197 15 to 17 years... 98 5 17 30 31 15 18 years and over..... 0 1 1 2 2 Colored females... 2,885 208 _ 712~ 784 777 404 Under 5 years.. 12 9 1 i 1 5 to 9 v^ars..... 1,257 125 347 347 307 131 10 to 14 vears... 1,535 82 337 414 440 262 15 to 17 years..... i 5 1 16 21 27 10 18 years and over.. 6 3 1 2 394 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXI .—School attendance by months, icith sex , age, and race —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS. 1 month 2 to 3 4 to 5 6 to 7 8 months or less. months. months. months. or more. Total .. 3,832 258 622 693 775 1,484 Under 5 years. 25 1 6 5 6 O' i 5 to 9 years.. 1.652 127 321 337 333 534 10 to 14 years... 1,992 121 277 329 411 854 15 to 17 years .. 150 9 17 22 22 80 18 years and over. 13 1 3 9 Total males. 1,869 108 331 286 372 772 Under 5 years.. 13 1 4 4 4 5 to 9 years. 805 52 179 151 163 260 10 to 14 years. 951 51 137 124 191 448 15 to 17 years. 92 4 10 11 12 55 18 years and over. 8 1 2 5 Total females. 1,963 150 291 407 403 712 Under 5 years.. 12 2 5 2 3 5 to 9 years. 847 75 142 186 170 274 10 to 14 years. 1.041 70 140 205 220 406 15 to 17 years. 58 5 7 11 10 25 18 years and over.. 5 1 4 Total native white.. 2,482 161 367 419 510 1,025 Under 5 years.. 18 4 3 6 5 5 to 9 years. 1,081 83 193 204 236 365 10 to 14 years ... 1,271 72 157 198 254 590 15 to 17 years. 103 6 12 14 13 58 18 years and over. 9 1 1 7 Native white males. 1,245 66 205 159 248 567 Under 5 years... 9 2 4 3 5 to 9 years. 527 34 112 84 116 181 10 to 14 years. 629 31 80 68 118 332 15 to 17 years. 73 1 10 7 9 46 18 years and over... 7 1 1 5 Native white females. 1,237 95 162 260 262 458 Under 5 years..... 9 2 3 2 2 5 to 9 years.... 554 49 81 120 120 184 10 to 14 years... 642 41 77 130 136 258 15 to 17 years. 30 5 2 7 4 12 18 years and over. 2 2 Total foreign white. 42 2 7 6 6 21 Under 5 years. . 5 to 9 years . 14 3 2 1 8 10 to f4 years . .. 26 2 4 3 5 12 15 to 17 years. 2 1 1 18 years and over . . Foreign white males. 20 3 3 4 10 Under 5 years.. 5 to 9 years. 1 1 1 4 10 to 1*4 years . 11 2 1 3 5 15 to 17 years . 2 1 1 18 years and over . Foreign white females . 22 2 4 3 2 11 Under 5 years . . 5 to 9 years . rr 2 1 4 10 to 14 years . ... 15 2 2 o & 2 7 15 to 17 years . 18 years* and over . Total colored . 1,308 ' 95 248 268 259 438 Under 5 years . 1 2_J 2 2 5 to 9 years . 557 44 125 131 96 161 10 to 14 years . 695 4< 116 128 152 252 15 to 17 years . 45 3 5 7 9 21 18 years and over .. 4 2 2 — — SCHOOL ATTENOANCE. 395 Table XXI.— School attendance by months, with sew, age, and race —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS—Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Colored males... 604 42 123 124 120 195 Under 5 years. . 4 1 2 1 5 to 9 years... 271 18 66 66 46 75 10 to 14 years.-.. 311 20 55 55 70 in 15 to 17 years. . 17 3 3 3 8 18 years and over 1 1 Colored females. -... 704 53 125 144 139 243 Under 5 years._. 3 2 1 5 to 9 years . .. 286 26 59 65 50 86 10 to 14 years._. 384 27 61 73 82 141 15 to 17 years . 28 5 4 6 13 18 years and over . 3 1 2 CITY OF HABANA. Total ...... 20,673 671 2,588 3,087 4,726 9,601 Under 5 years. 321 38 80 68 57 78 5 to 9 years_ 9,560 401 1,396 1,536 2,096 4,131 10 to 14 vears... 9,371 215 973 1,255 2,215 4,713 15 to 17 years.. 1,119 10 116 201 296 498 18 years and over.. 302 7 23 27 62 183 Total males..... 10,829 352 1,414 1,611 2,434 5,018 Under 5 years. 146 19 as 29 31 34 5 to 9 years.. 4,857 217 715 792 1,040 2,093 10 to 14 years... 4,832 107 548 664 1,123 2,390 15 to 17 years... 724 6 101 103 185 329 18 years and over.. 270 3 17 23 55 172 Total females........ 9,844 319 1,174 1,476 2,292 4,583 Under 5 years.. 175 19 47 39 26 44 5 to 9 years. 4,703 184 681 744 1,056 2,038 10 to 14 years..... 4,539 108 425 591 1,092 2,323 15 to 17 years. 395 4 15 98 111 167 18 years and over. 32 4 6 4 7 11 Total native white_ 15,574 459 1,695 2,189 3,556 7,695 Under 5 years... 251 28 61 51 45 66 5 to 9 years... 7,188 281 953 1,074 1,569 3,311 10 to 14 years... 6,952 139 588 865 1,630 3,730 15 to 17 years. 921 6 77 159 254 425 18 years and over. 262 5 16 20 58 163 Native white males.... 8,263 233 931 1,147 1,861 4,091 Under 5 years.... 110 12 27 21 23 27 5 to 9 years.. 3,696 154 491 561 783 1,707 10 to 14 years. 3,621 64 a38 466 838 1,915 15 to 17 years.. 601 2 64 82 165 288 18 years and over. 235 1 11 17 52 154 Native white females. 7,311 226 764 1,022 1,695 3,604 Under 5 years... 141 16 34 30 22 39 5 to 9 years. 3,492 127 462 513 786 1,604 10 to 14 vears. 3,331 75 250 399 792 1.815 15 to 17 years.. 320 4 13 77 89 137 18 years and over. 27 4 5 3 6 9 Total foreign white.. 602 21 73 114 132 262 Under 5 vears. 12 2 5 3 1 1 5 to 9 years... 247 12 33 58 48 96 10 to It years... 273 6 29 38 67 133 15 to 17 years... 49 1 3 12 13 20 18 years and over. . 21 3 3 3 12 396 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXI .—School attendance by months, ivith sex, age, and race —Continued CITY OF HABANA—Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Foreign white males.. 331 15 40 61 68 147 Under 5 years. i 2 1 2 1 1 5 to 9 years —... 130 9 18 28 22 53 10 to 14 years. 139 3 16 20 32 68 15 to 17 years----- 36 1 3 8 10 14 18 years and over... 19 2 3 3 11 Foreign white females. 271 6 33 53 64 115 rind or 5 vears . . _ 5 4 1 5 to 9 years .... 117 3 15 30 26 43 10 to 14 years..... 134 3 13 18 :15 65 15 to 17 years . . _ 13 4 3 6 18 years and over . .. 2 1 1 Total colored__ 4,497 191 820 804 1,038 1.644 Under 5 years... 58 8 14 14 11 11 5 to 9 years... 2,125 108 410 404 479 724 10 to 14 years... 2.146 70 356 352 518 850 15 to 17 years. 149 3 36 30 29 51 18 years and over... 19 2 4 4 1 8 Colored males.. 2,235 104 443 403 505 780 Under 5 years... 29 5 5 6 rt 7 6 5 to 9 years... 1,031 54 206 203 235 333 10 to 14 years... 1,072 40 194 178 253 407 15 to 17 years ..... 87 3 34 13 10 27 18 years and over.... 16 2 4 3 7 Colored females. 2,262 87 377 401 533 864 Under 5 years.... 29 3 9 8 4 5 5 to 9 years. 1,094 54 204 201 244 391 10 to 14 years. 1,074 30 162 174 265 443 15 to 17 years.... 62 2 17 19 24 18 years and over... 3 1 1 1 CITY OF MATANZAS. Total. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years ... 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total males. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total females. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total native white... Under 5 years_ 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over 4,885 510 920 728 1,348 1,379 18 6 5 4 2 1 2,140 251 460 337 568 524 2,466 ‘»G 412 354 701 770 239 22 41 33 70 73 99 2 2 7 11 2,372 225 456 396 653 642 5 2 2 ] 1,063 116 227 199 281 240 1,163 91 201 175 326 370 128 14 27 20 :» 28 13 2 1 . 6 4 2,513 285 464 332 695 737 13 4 5 2 1 1 1.077 135 233 138 287 284 1.303 138 211 179 375 400 111 8 14 13 31 45 9 1 1 r* ( 3,585 354 589 530 1,011 1,101 9 2 5 2 1,546 169 290 248 432 407 1,809 163 260 249 514 623 2110 18 32 31 58 61 21 9 M *> 7 10 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 397 Table XXI .—School attendance by months, with sex, age, and race —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS—Continued. Native white males. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years -.. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over . Native white females. Under 5 years. ... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total foreign white. Under 5 years- 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Foreign white males. Under 5 years- 5 to 9 years . 10 to 14 years_ 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Foreign white females Under 5 years- 5 to 9 years.. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Total colored. Under 5 years.... 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years.. 15 to 17 years. 18 years" and over Colored males. Under 5 years- 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years.. 15 to 17 years. 18 years and over Colored females.. Under 5 years___ _ 4 311 327 15 5 to 9 vears____ 10 to 14 vears .... 15 to 17 years..... 18 years and over.. Total. 1,754 784 847 109 12 1,831 7 762 962 91 9 40 2 12 20 5 1 15 25 2 4 14 5 1,260 582 637 34 603 3 271 310 19 1 month or less. 156 2 to 3 months. 280 1 78 64 11 2 198 1 91 99 7 1.53 3 81 66 3 68 1 37 657 85 2 44 39 143 115 21 1 309 5 147 145 11 1 4 to 5 months. 297 1 154 122 20 233 1 94 127 11 327 169 149 9 174 84 84 6 153 85 65 3 193 89 101 1 99 1 45 53 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. 509 217 251 35 6 502 215 263 23 1 19 1 6 10 9 13 318 1 130 177 10 138 94 1 44 48 1 1 60 73 4 180 70 104 6 512 192 295 22 3 589 215 328 39 7 4 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 269 1 113 144 11 124 45 73 6 145 1 68 71 CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Total. 2,561 255 448 465 682 711 Under 5 years.... 11 3 2 4 1 1 5 to 9 years........ 1,308 125 258 267 337 321 10 to 14 years.... 1,189 124 184 187 325 369 15 to 17 years.. 45 3 4 6 15 17 18 years and over. 8 — 1 4 3 398 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXI .—School attendance by months , with sex, age , and race —Continued. CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE-Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Total males .. 1,331 141 229 242 337 382 Under 5 years. 3 2 ] 5 to 9 years. 668 71 128 132 169 168 10 to 14 years. 622 66 98 106 154 198 15 to 17 years . . .. 31 2 3 4 10 12 18 years and oyer . 7 4 3 Total females ... 1,230 114 219 223 345 329 Under 5 years. 8 1 2 4 1 5 to 9 years... 640 54 130 135 168 153 10 to 14 years. 567 53 86 81 171 171 15 to 17 years. . 14 1 1 2 5 5 18 years and over. 1 1 Total native white. 1,995 198 307 342 536 612 Under 5 years. 10 2 2 4 1 1 5 to 9 years. 1,016 99 185 202 262 268 10 to 14 years.. 928 95 119 131 255 328 15 to 17 years....... 35 2 1 5 15 12 18 years and over. . 6 3 3 Native white males.... 1,024 107 155 176 260 326 Under 5 years.. 2 1 1 5 to 9 years... 514 58 91 97 129 139 10 to 14 vears.— ... 478 47 63 75 118 175 15 to 17 years. 24 1 1 4 10 8 18 years and over.. 6 3 3 Native white females.. 971 91 152 166 276 286 Under 5 years. 8 1 2 4 1 5 to 9 years.. 502 41 94 105 133 129 10 to 14 years... 450 48 56 56 137 153 15 to 17 years.. 11 1 1 5 4 18 years and over... Total foreign white... 27 5 5 1 9 7 Under 5 vears. 5 to 9 years. 5 2 1 1 l 10 to 14 yea.rs 18 2 3 7 6 15 to 17 years .. 3 1 1 l 18 years and over . 1 i Foreign white males. 18 4 5 1 4 4 Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 3 1 1 1 10 to 14 years 11 2 3 3 3 15 to 17 years . 3 1 1 1 18 vears and over . . 1 1 — Foreign white females. 9 1 5 3 Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years.... 2 1 i 10 to 14 years. 7 4 3 15 to 17 years.. 18 vears and over .. Total colored. . 539 52 136 122 137 92 Under 5 years . 1 1 5 to 9 years. .. 287 24 72 64 74 53 10 to 14 years. . 243 27 62 56 63 35 15 to 17 years. ff 2 1 4 18 years and over 1 1 Colored males... 289 30 69 65 73 52 Under 5 years. 1 1 5 to 9 years.... 151 | 12 36 34 40 29 10 to 14 years. . . 133 17 •32 31 33 20 15 to 17 years. 4 1 3 18 years and over .1 -1 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 399 Table XXI .—School attendance by months, with sex, age, and race —Continued. CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE-Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Colored females.-. 250 22 67 57 64 40 Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 136 12 36 30 34 24 10 to 14 years... 110 10 30 25 30 15 15 to 17 years... 3 1 1 1 18 vears and over ___ 1 1 CITY OF SANTIAGO. Total.. 4,451 156 879 1,053 1,438 925 Under 5 years.-.-.- 37 4 12 7 9 5 5 to 9 years. 1,933 85 481 461 566 340 10 to 14 years.-.... 2,317 63 375 556 795 528 15 to 17 years.-__ 147 3 9 28 63 44 18 years and over.-. 17 1 2 1 5 8 Total males. ....... 2,157 78 422 519 679 459 Under 5 years.... 13 1 2 4 2 4 5 to 9 years . -.- -... 940 50 242 223 250 175 10 to 14 years..... 1,107 25 173 270 391 248 15 to 17 years.--- 84 1 4 22 33 24 18 years and over.... 13 1 1 3 8 t Total females .... .-. 2,294 78 457 534 759 466 Under 5 years..... 24 3 10 3 n < 1 5 to 9 years____ 993 35 239 238 316 165 10 to 14 years . .. ... 1,210 38 202 286 404 280 15 to 17 years ..... 63 2 5 6 30 20 18 years and over.. 4 1 1 2 Total native white... 2,272 68 317 516 790 581 Under 5 years.. 24 3 3 6 8 4 5 to 9 years__ __ 1,022 36 195 238 327 226 10 to 14 years__ 1,121 26 114 255 414 312 15 to 17 years... 92 2 4 16 37 33 18 years and over___ 13 1 1 1 4 6 Native white males--- 1,153 35 162 267 384 305 Under 5 years.. 11 1 4 2 4 5 to 9 years..... 519 25 104 118 153 119 10 to 14 years..... 557 9 54 131 205 158 15 to 17 years____ 55 _ _ „ _ 2 14 21 18 18 years and over..... 11 i 1 3 6 Native white females.. 1,119 — 33 155 249 406 276 Under 5 years.... 13 3 2 2 6 5 to 9 years---- 503 11 91 120 174 107 10 to 14 years__ 564 17 60 124 209 154 15 to 17 years...— 37 2 2 2 16 15 18 years and over ..... 2 1 1 Total foreign white.... 47 2 8 13 5 19 Under 5 years... 5 to 9 years.... 20 1 3 7 2 7 10 to 14 years__ 26 1 4 6 3 12 15 to 17 years .... 1 1 18 years and over.... Foreign white males.. 24 2 2 8 2 10 Under 5 years_ 5 to 9 years____ 10 1 4 1 4 10 to 14 years .. 13 1 1 4 1 6 15 to 17 years... 1 1 18 years and over ... 400 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXI .—School attendance by months, with sex, age, and race —Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2 to 3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Foreign white females... 23 6 5 3 9 Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. .. 10 3 3 1 3 10 to 14 years.__._. 13 3 2 2 (5 15 to 17 years - - ..... IS years and over... Total colored.- 2,132 86 554 524 643 325 Under 5 years. 13 1 9 .1 1 1 5 to 9 years---- 891 48 283 216 237 107 10 to 14 years.... 1.170 36 257 295 378 204 15 to 17 years .... . 54 1 4 12 26 11 18 years and over. 4 1 1 2 Colored males... 980 41 258 244 293 144 Under 5 years ... 2 1 1 5 to 9 years ...... 411 24 138 101 96 52 10 to 14 years... 537 15 118 135 185 84 15 to 17 years ..... 28 1 1 8 12 6 18 years and over._._ _ 2 2 Colored females... 1,152 45 296 280 350 181 Under 5 years. 11 8 1 1 1 5 to 9 years ..... 480 24 145 115 141 55 10 to 14 years__ B33 21 139 160 193 120 15 to 17 years..... 26 * 3 4 14 5 18 years and over. 2 1 1 Table XXII .—Superior education by age, sex, race, and nativity. CUBA. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. © © ,2 ,2 53 1 © 2 53 (b 13 c3 r-5 *3 o 3 "t-* 4-* ' © O ^ a © o M s s o 13 — © p s EH S pH Eh r? p £ Under 18 years. 1.363 951 412 1,210 857 353 78 52 26 75 42 33 18 and 19 years. 916 630 286 807 551 256 65 54 11 44 25 19 20 years. 499 | 339 160 406 273 133 59 45 14 34 21 13 21 to 24 years. 2,300 ! 1,752 548 1,792 1,352 440 438 363 75 70 37 33 25 to 29 years. 2,837 2,228 609 2,00] 1.545 456 746 632 114 90 51 39 30 to 34 years. 2,626 2,155 471 1.932 1.558 374 641 560 81 53 37 16 35 to 44 years.. 4.289 3,623 666 3.072 2,550 522 1,128 1,007 121 89 66 23 45 to 54 years. 2,565 2,173 392 1,715 1,391 324 817 753 64 33 29 4 55 to 64 years_ 1,212 1,010 202 791 631 160 405 366 39 16 13 3 65 years and over .. 551 467 84 339 274 65 201 184 17 11 9 2 Cuba.... 19,158 15,328 3,830 14,065 10,982 3,0s3 4,578 4,016 562 515 330 185 PROVINCE OF HABANA. Under 18 years. 697 539 158 625 490 135 44 31 13 28 18 10 18 and 19 years. 433 338 95 388 303 85 32 28 4 13 7 6 20 years... 227 173 54 188 143 45 28 23 5 11 i 4 21 to 24 years.. 1,108 886 099 900 729 177 178 145 ;« 24 12 12 25 to 29 years . 1.420 1,154 266 1,026 825 201 358 306 52 36 23 13 30 to 34 years. 1.243 1. not i 17; 916 785 131 312 269 43 15 12 3 35 to 44 years. 1,960 1,660 300 1.426 1.202 224 510 440 70 24 18 6 45 to 54 years. 1,182 1.015 167 802 674 128 369 331 38 11 10 1 55 to 64 years. 542 453 89 324 265 59 214 186 28 4 2 9 65 years and over .... 285 230 55 170 130 40 112 97 15 3 3 The province. 9,097 7,514 1,583 6, 771 5.546 1.225 2,157 1.856 301 169 112 57 SUPERIOR EDUCATION 401 Table XXII. — Superior education by age , sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. • All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Under 18 years. 202 121 81 190 113 77 7 6 1 5 2 3 18 and 19 years. 146 84 62 132 75 57 8 7 1 6 2 4 20 years . 67 32 35 57 27 30 7 4 3 3 1 2 21 to 24 years_ 318 220 98 246 164 82 66 55 11 6 1 5 25 to 29 years_ 362 239 123 271 174 97 83 63 20 8 2 6 30 to 34 years .. 332 238 94 259 179 80 69 58 11 4 1 3 35 to 44 years.. 583 467 116 436 335 101 142 129 13 5 3 2 45 to 54 years . 348 276 72 240 176 64 107 99 8 1 1 55 to 64 years _ 183 149 34 124 94 30 57 53 4 2 2 65 years and over .... 72 62 10 45 35 10 27 27 The province... 2,613 1,888 725 2,000 1,372 628 573 501 72 40 15 25 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Under 18 years. 46 34 12 42 30 12 2 2 -T 2 2 18 and 19 years _ 24 12 12 21 10 11 2 1 1 i 1 20 years .. 20 19 1 19 18 1 i 1 21 to 24 years. 92 72 20 84 65 19 7 6 1 i 1 25 to 29 years .. 118 100 18 94 80 14 22 18 4 2 2 30 to 34 years. 110 94 16 84 72 12 26 22 4 35 to 44 years_ 157 134 23 122 101 21 34 32 2 1 1 45 to 54 years_ 121 112 9 68 62 6 52 49 3 1 1 55 to 64 years. 42 39 3 29 26 3 13 13 65 years and over .... 16 16 5 5 11 11 The province... 746 632 114 568 469 99 169 154 15 9 9 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Under 18 years. 89 51 38 81 48 33 6 o 4 2 1 1 18 and 19 years. 63 38 25 60 35 25 3 3 20 years. 38 25 13 29 19 10 7 4 3 2 2 21 to 24 years.. 187 141 46 130 92 38 52 44 8 5 5 25 to 29 years.. 184 144 40 118 87 31 59 51 8 7 6 1 30 to 34 years_ 198 148 50 146 103 43 45 38 7 7 7 35 to 44 years. 340 278 62 250 196 54 86 79 7 4 3 1 45 to 54 years. 205 169 36 139 105 34 66 64 2 55 to 64 years.. 132 105 27 100 76 24 32 29 3 65 years and over .... 46 43 3 34 31 3 10 10 2 2 The province... 1,482 1,142 340 1,087 792 295 366 324 42 29 26 3 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Under 18 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 80 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .... The province.. 99 69 30 89 65 24 2 2 8 4 74 57 17 69 55 14 2 1 1 3 1 51 30 21 38 21 17 8 6 2 5 3 245 181 64 184 131 53 58 47 11 3 3 302 250 52 216 182 34 74 63 11 12 5 290 250 40 214 181 33 69 65 4 7 4 486 441 45 337 306 31 138 128 10 11 7 260 227 33 160 138 22 95 86 9 5 3 114 103 11 77 67 10 34 33 1 3 3 56 52 4 37 33 4 19 19 1,977 1,660 317 1,421 1,179 242 499 448 51 . 57 33 4 7 3 4 2 24 24662 26 tew 402 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXII .—Superior education by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. • Colored. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Under 18 years. 230 137 93 183 Ill 72 17 11 6 30 15 15 18 and 19 years. 176 101 75 137 73 64 18 14 4 21 14 7 20 years . 96 60 36 75 45 30 9 8 1 12 7 5 21 to 24 years. 350 252 98 242 171 71 77 66 11 31 15 16 25 to 29 years. 451 341 110 276 197 79 150 131 19 25 13 12 30 to 34 years. 453 359 94 313 238 75 120 108 12 20 13 7 35 to 44 years.. 763 643 120 501 410 91 218 199 19 44 34 10 45 to 54 years. 449 374 75 306 236 70 128 124 4 15 14 1 55 to 64 years. 199 161 38 137 103 34 55 52 3 7 6 1 65 years and over .... 76 64 12 48 40 8 22 20 2 6 4 2 The province... 3,243- 2,492 751 2,218 1,624 594 814 733 81 211 135 76 CITY OF HABANA. Under 18 years. 18 and 19 years-.... 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years.. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .... The city... 585 454 131 525 413 112 39 27 12 21 14 7 364 286 78 327 257 70 27 23 4 10 6 4 185 137 48 151 111 40 26 22 4 8 4 4 896 722 174 725 590 135 150 121 29 21 11 10 1,133 932 201 798 652 146 303 259 ' 44 32 21 11 993 841 152 715 604 111 264 226 38 14 11 3 1,525 1.277 248 1,077 896 181 425 364 61 23 17 6 920 792 128 604 508 96 306 275 31 10 9 1 436 366 70 242 200 42 190 164 26 4 2 2 245 195 50 145 108 37 97 84 13 3 3 7,282 6,002 1,280 5,309 4,339 970 1,827 1,565 262 146 98 48 CITY OF MATANZAS. Under 18 years. 106 63 43 102 61 41 3 2 1 1 i 18 and 19 years. 79 44 35 74 39 35 5 5 20 years. 32 11 21 29 10 19 3 1 2 21 to 24 years. 166 108 58 121 75 46 42 33 9 3 3 25 to 29 years. 169 107 62 111 64 47 55 42 13 3 1 2 30 to 34 years.. 140 98 42 96 (56 30 41 31 10 3 1 2 35 to 44 years.. 253 196 57 188 139 49 62 55 7 3 9 1 45 to 54 years. 157 114 43 117 79 38 40 35 5 55 to 64 years . 106 82 24 77 56 21 28 25 3 1 1 65 years and over .... 32 29 3 17 14 3 15 15 The city. 1,240 852 388 932 603 329 294 244 50 14 5 9 CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Under 18 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 years. 21 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over .... The city. ff\Ff i i 43 34 70 40 '30 5 2 3 0 1 1 44 25 19 42 23 19 2 24 16 8 18 12 6 4 2 2 2 9 109 81 28 86 (>3 23 20 15 5 3 3 99 66 33 81 54 27 13 8 5 5 4 1 118 81 37 101 64 12 12 5 5 206 158 48 167 122 45 37 34 3 2 2 125 94 31 97 66 31 28 28 93 70 23 73 52 21 20 18 2 29 28 1 20 19 1 rt i r* i 2 2 924 662 262 755 515 240 148 128 20 fv l 19 2 OCCUPATIONS 403 Table XXI L— Superior education by age, sex, race, and nativity —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS. - All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. © r—H © 6 A r—1 -4-> ® r-4 a r—4 © r*H cS a *3 H-> © r-H <£ a ■ 4 c3 4-» © r-H a o TO © o 7 5 86 1 3 85 18 3 188 4 2 71 1 3 2 13 1 5 262 7 308 1 25 1 14 1,478 3,630 604 2,817 2,257 2,898 1,826 401 1,320 982 9,088 6,331, 902 5,341 4,793 97,077 9k, 633 1,380 1,756 1,889 1,288 3,466 1,462 3,674 518 1,154 5,164 1,490 885 5,371 876 2,075 1,816 1.285 1,301 4,423 676 1,104 The province. 202,814 44 275 4,958 733 18,337 178,467 TOTAL NATIVE WHITE. Aguacate.. 1,667 291 56 59 8 195 1,058 Alquizar.. 5,472 1,432 368 97 185 15 184 3,559 Bainoa. i; 271 4,131 22 61 3 148 669 Batabano.... 686 269 137 20 303 2,716 2,313 3,068 2,128 Bauta . .... 3; 625 4,462 3,328 1.054 339 77 43 8 131 Bejucal... 126 454 19 456 Cano... 935 57 80 14 114 408 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXIV — Continued. Province of Habana— Continued. TOTAL NATIVE WHITE-Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Casiguas. 667 106 10 5 2 142 402 Catalina. 2,04(1 398 29 47 8 252 1,306 Ceiba del Agua.. 1,748 448 43 45 1 74 1,137 Guanabacoa. 13,150 1,281 565 763 179 1,321 9,041 City of Guanabacoa . 8,232 13 A 58 695 162 1,0Kb 5,860 Guara.. 1,395 255 11 37 2 155 935 Giiines. 7,092 1,334 191 277 44 538 4,708 Guirade Melena. 7,372 1,791 150 250 20 385 4,776 Habana.-. 119,816 754 8,027 13,312 2,395 9,658 85,670 City of Habana . 115,532 2% 7,931 13,135 2,366 8,972 82,83K Isla de Pinos. 2,480 255 78 57 6 468 1,616 Jaruco . 3,044 651 79 69 22 280 1,943 Madruga. 2,423 435 41 54 5 219 1,669 Managua. 2,268 493 31 47 5 255 1,437 Marianao. 4,758 464 286 308 63 411 3,226 Melena del Sur. 1,847 436 40 71 6 102 1,192 N ueva Paz. 4,390 765 89 111 19 415 2,991 Pipian _... 962 163 4 235 560 Quivican.— 1,772 303 27 56 5 138 1,243 Regia.. 7,493 3 425 721 48 938 5,358 Salud..... 2,874 746 41 60 6 243 1,778 San Antonio de las Vegas.... 1,465 346 12 34 4 56 1,013 San Antonio de los Banos.... 9,377 1,449 252 908 41 786 5,941 San Felipe. 1,209 142 27 35 10 164 831 San Jose de las Lajas. 2,965 287 93 94 16 459 2,016 San Nicolas. 2,797 532 50 64 8 328 1,815 Santa Cruz del Norte. 1,705 479 27 21 6 141 1,031 Santa Maria del Rosario. 2,002 457 62 29 6 197 1,251 Santiago de las Vegas. 7,160 580 161 950 36 665 4,768 Tapaste. 1.250 153 12 13 2 309 761 Vereda Nueva. 2,142 513 27 39 3 231 1,329 The province. 243,619 21,124 11,590 19,500 3,055 21,096 167,254 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Aguacate. 826 291 56 58 6 175 240 Alquizar. 2,837 1,431 95 168 13 150 980 Bainoa . 690 368 22 17 2 90 191 Batabano. 2,093 686 269 134 14 283 707 Bauta. 1,932 1,054 77 43 7 118 G33 Bejucal... 2.049 339 125 446 17 439 683 Cano. 1,735 935 57 80 11 109 543 Casiguas. 371 106 10 5 1 131 118 Catalina. 986 393 29 38 5 249 272 Ceiba del Agua. 897 448 43 41 1 64 300 Guanabacoa. 6,307 1,281 563 649 146 1,197 2,471 City of Guanabacoa . 3,757 13 K57 586 132 95K 1,615 Guara. 692 255 11 37 2 151 236 Giiines.. 3,379 1,332 189 251 39 478 1,090 Guira de Melena. 3,907 1,791 149 246 16 340 1,365 Habana. 55,193 751 7,941 12,173 2,019 8,502 23,807 City of Habana . 52,9K0 292 7,845 11,998 2,001 7,832 22,972 Isla de Pinos. 1,309 255 77 57 5 464 451 Jaruco.«. 1,574 651 77 51 19 257 519 Madruga. 1,100 435 41 54 5 198 367 Managua. 1,206 493 31 45 4 240 393 Marianao. ! . 2,307 463 284 275 43 317 925 Melena del Sur. 941 435 39 60 5 88 314 Nueva Paz. 2,109 765 89 109 13 390 743 Pipian. 485 163 4 235 83 Qiiivic&n. 872 303 27 53 3 134 352 Regia. 3,512 3 423 680 36 872 1,498 Salud. 1,524 746 41 60 2 236 4*J San Antonio de las Vegas.... 717 345 12 ;*3 3 51 273 San Antonio do los Banos.... 4,701 1,444 248 789 37 670 1,513 San Felipe. 588 141 27 29 7 148 236 San Jose de las Lajas. 1,367 287 93 94 13 448 432 San Niool&s. 1,487 532 50 57 6 302 540 OCCUPATIONS 409 Table XXIV —Continued. Province of Habana— Continued. NATIVE WHITE MALES—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans porta- tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Santa Cruz del Norte. 924 479 27 20 4 118 276 Santa Maria del Rosario. 1,029 457 62 27 6 191 286 Santiago de las Vegas. 3,406 580 161 765 30 581 1,289 Tapaste. 667 153 12 13 2 295 192 Vereda Nueva. 1,119 513 27 39 2 231 307 The province.— 116,838 21,104 11,484 17,700 2,544 18,942 45,064 NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. Aguacate .. 841 1 2 20 818 Alquizar.... 2,635 1 2 17 2 34 2,579 Bainoa____ 581 44 1 58 478 Batabano __... 2,038 3 6 20 2,009 Ran t,a .. -_ 1,693 1 13 L679 Bejucal .... 2 ,413 1 8 2 17 2,385 Cano____ L593 3 5 585 design as . . .. '296 1 11 '284 Catalina..... 1,054 5 9 3 3 1,034 Ceiba del Agua.... 851 4 10 837 Guanabacoa _ _ 6,843 2 114 33 124 6,570 City of Guanabacoa _ if, 475 1 109 30 90 h, 2h5 Guara ... 703 4 '699 Giiines. 3,713 2 2 26 5 60 3,618 Guira de Melena_ 3,465 1 4 4 45 3,411 Habana ..-. 6L 623 3 86 1.139 376 1,156 61;863 City of Habana . 62,592 2 86 1,137 365 l,lhO 59,862 Isla de Pinos. 1,171 1 1 4 1,165 Jaruco... 1,470 2 18 3 23 L424 Madruga_ _ L323 21 L302 Managua_ _ 1,062 2 1 15 1,044 Marianao.... 2,451 1 2 33 20 94 2; 301 Melena del Sur. 906 1 1 11 1 14 878 Nueva Paz__ 2,281 2 6 25 2,248 Pipian _ __ __ 477 '477 Qnivican __ 900 3 2 4 891 Regia__ 3,981 2 41 12 66 3,860 Salud... 1,350 4 7 1,339 San Antonio de las Vegas.... 748 1 1 1 5 740 San Antonio de los Banos .... 4,676 5 4 119 4 116 4,428 San Felipe.... 621 1 6 3 16 595 San Jose de las Lajas. 1,598 3 11 1,584 San NTiool4s ... . _ 1,310 7 2 26 1,275 Santa Cruz del Norte_ 781 1 2 23 '755 Santa Maria del Rosario. 973 2 6 965 Santiago de las Vegas. 3,754 185 6 84 3.479 Tapaste...... '583 14 569 Vereda Nueva____ 1,023 1 1,022 The province.. 126,781 20 106 1,800 511 2,154 122,190 TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE. Aguacate.. 205 62 Alquizar. 833 293 Bainoa. 74 41 Batabano. 878 175 Bauta... 440 218 Bejucal.... 416 62 Cano. 396 173 Casiguas. 23 9 Catalina. 152 58 Ceiba del Agua___ 170 76 Guanabacoa.. 1,484 213 City of Guanabacoa . 1,091 5 Guara.. 89 33 Giiines. 833 294 55 21 3 17 47 111 29 1 271 128 12 3 1 17 456 68 7 53 119 80 12 1 43 86 149 59 4 17 125 47 10 2 100 64 9 1 2 2 27 4 2 20 41 29 8 2 11 44 495 128 50 170 428 4 26 113 44 165 338 20 5 1 30 218 40 9 78 194 410 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXIV— Continued. Province of Habana— Continued. TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Guira de Melena. 1,221 373 205 50 9 397 187 Habana. 53,877 378 21,567 7,604 1,095 11,220 12,013 City of Habana . 52,901 27k 21.U12 7,512 1,07 k 10, 792 11,837 Isla de Pinos... 198 52 49 12 3 61 21 Jaruco. 206 92 42 19 2 2 49 Madruga.. 230 92 54 18 2 12 52 Managua.. no 51 21 14 1 1 22 Marianao. 1.159 96 344 163 11 313 232 Melena del Sur.. 126 46 36 15 29 Nueva Paz... 377 152 93 20 1 46 65 Pipian. 33 22 5 6 Quivican...__ 148 58 32 8 16 34 Regia .. 1.666 5 575 206 11 369 500 Salud..... 193 no 29 5 1 48 San Antonio de las Vegas_ 55 29 17 3 1 1 , 4 San Antonio de los Banos.... 1,220 337 234 83 6 263 297 San Felipe. 125 15 34 7 4 24 41 San Jose de las Lajas__ 189 59 53 23 14 40 San Nicolas.. 230 107 58 33 2 1 29 Santa Cruz del Norte. 136 62 22 7 2 43 Santa Maria del Rosario. 108 41 42 rr i 3 1 14 Santiago de las Vegas. 1.202 120 290 246 9 288 249 Tapaste... 68 34 13 2 1 7 11 Vereda Nueva_ 101 38 13 26 24 The province.. 68,971 4,076 25,536 8,932 1,245 13,847 15,335 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. Aguacate. 171 62 55 21 3 17 13 Alquizar . 727 293 109 29 1 268 27 Bainoa__ 0 / 41 12 2 2 Batabano .... 764 175 453 68 6 42 20 Bauta___ 358 218 80 12 42 6 Bejucal... 306 62 149 59 4 11 21 Cano.. 335 173 47 10 2 99 4 Casiguas__ 19 9 9 1 Catalina. 113 58 27 4 2 . 18 4 Ceiba del Agua. 125 76 27 8 i 11 2 Guanabacoa .. 1.113 213 493 123 .50 146 88 City of Guanabacoa . 80k 5 k2k 108 kk lk6 77 Guara ___ 62 33 20 5 4 Guines... 664 294 218 40 8 11 27 Guira de Melena. 1.059 373 205 50 8 389 34 Habana... 42,008 376 21,459 7,382 909 10,053 1.829 City of Habana .. kl, 190 272 21.30k 7,290 891 9,629 l,S0k Isla de Pinos. 185 52 48 12 2 60 11 Jaruco___ _ 160 92 42 19 1 6 Madruga... 182 92 tv 18 2 10 6 Managua_ _ 88 51 21 14 i 1 Marianao. 932 96 343 150 9 296 38 Melena del Sur.... 97 46 36 14 1 Nueva Paz.. .. .. 318 152 92 20 40 14 Pipian 28 22 5 1 Quivican . 120 58 32 8 15 rt i Regia. 1.229 5 572 198 11 3»i0 83 Salud . ... 151 110 29 5 1 6 Sap Antonin de las Vegas 50 29 17 3 1 San Antonio de los Banos- 974 337 81 5 254 72 San Felipe. 87 15 S3 7 2 24 6 San Jose do las 1 ,ajas 155 59 53 .‘33 14 6 San Nicolas . . 204 107 58 33 i 5 Santa Prn* del Norte 97 62 22 6 r* i Santa Maria del Rosario 92 41 41 i 2 Santiago de las Vegas. 997 120 286 241 9 277 64 Tapaste.. 58 3t 13 *> . 1 6 2 Vereda Nneva 38 13 26 The province. 54,162 4,074 25,398 8,674 j 1,042 12,555 2.419 OCCUPATIONS 411 Table XXIY—Continued. Province of Habana— Continued. FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Aguacate ... 34 34 Alquizar _ __ 106 2 3 101 Bainoa ___ 17 1 1 1 5 Batabano. _ .. 114 3 1 11 99 Bauta _ _ 83 1 1 80 Bo 10 03.1 _ _ _ no 6 104 Cario _ 61 1 60 Casiguas __ 4 2 2 Catalina___ 39 2 37 Ceiba, del Agua.. 45 2 1 42 Guanabacoa_ 371 2 5 24 340 City of Guanabacoa .. 287 2 5 19 261 (Inara. ___ .... _ 37 1 26 (4nines _ . _ 169 1 1 167 Guira de Melena... 163 _ _ _ 1 8 153 Habana _ . _ 11,869 2 108 222 186 1,167 1,163 1 10,184 10,033 10 City of Habana .. 11,711 13 2 108 222 183 T«la- de Pinos _ _ 1 1 .T3.ru 00 __ _ 46 1 2 43 Madruga ___ 48 2 46 Managua. __ 23 i 21 Marianao ___ _ 227 1 13 2 17 194 Melena del Sur . _ __ 29 1 28 Nueva Paz_ 59 1 1 6 51 Pipian.. 5 5 Quivican__ 28 1 27 Regia ____ 437 3 8 9 417 Salud...... 42 42 San Antonio de las Vegas_ San Antonio de los Banos ... 5 1 4 246 . 9 2 1 9 225 San Felipe... 38 1 2 35 San Jose de las Lajas. 34 34 San Nicolas ... 26 1 1 24 Santa Cruz del Norte 39 1 2 36 Santa Maria del Rosario_ 16 1 9 1 12 Santiago de las Vegas_ 205 4 5 11 185 Tapaste...... 10 1 9 Vereda Nueva__ 24 24 The province. 14,809 2 138 258 203 1,292 12,916 TOTAL COLORED. Aguacate.. Alquizar. Bainoa. Batabano. Bauta. Beju^al. Cano. Casiguas. Catalina. Ceiba del Agua. Guanabacoa. City of Guanabacoa Guara. Guines. Guira de Melena. Habana. City of Habana . Isla de Pinos. Jaruco. Madruga. Managua. Marianao. Melena del Sur. Nueva Paz. Pipian.. Quivican. 1,291 108 17 33 1 307 825 2,441 575 33 131 375 1,327 380 136 2 15 58 169 1,514 244 45 53 — 224 948 1.077 375 rv 7 37 . 31 G27 878 100 14 157 2 78 527 486 188 1 28 33 236 314 53 4 95 162 526 141 9 b* 7 1 66 309 279 84 4 19 22 150 5,446 276 57 818 16 1,325 2,954 h,6h2 1 52 795 16 1,292 2,586 351 83 1 15 3 249 3,469 473 59 200 5 740 1,992 2,955 682 35 169 1 370 1,698 68,362 309 2,015 11,335 216 20,811 33,676 67,51*8 11*7 2,008 11,266 215 20,602 33,310 521 96 13 15 118 279 826 170 16 64 168 408 1,091 171 12 35 190 683 509 163 4 25 1 29 287 2,676 163 75 203 3 869 1,363 1,234 202 17 30 257 728 2,994 264 35 69 1 790 1,835 106 58 8 40 503 54 3 21 109 316 412 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Habana— Continued. TOTAL COLORED.—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. 1 Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Regia.. 2,304 3 35 299 1 666 1,200 Salud .. 226 74 8 5 139 San Antonio de las Vegas_ 335 93 8 54 180 San Antonio de los Banos.... 2,034 414 20 232 375 993 San Felipe ... 581 19 6 15 205 3:16 San Jose de las Lajas. 1,000 no 5 44 237 604 San Nicolas.. 1,541 211 19 45 545 721 Santa Cruz del Norte. 1,124 220 5 12 240 647 Santa Maria del Rosario. 020 161 5 19 29 406 Santiago de las Vegas. 1,914 217 22 384 5 263 1,023 Tapaste... 233 58 2 6 33 134 Vereda Nueva.. 173 40 3 4 43 83 The province. 112,214 6,788 2,589 14,559 253 29,771 58,254 COLORED MALES. Aguacate.. 643 108 17 33 1 285 199 Alquizar___ 1.250 574 33 108 158 377 Bainoa .. ... '211 135 2 11 5 58 Batabano... 7443 244 45 52 163 239 Bauta_ 547 375 7 36 129 Bejucal___ 383 100 14 150 1 118 Cano .... 270 188 1 26 55 Casiguas__ 171 53 4 67 47 Catalina.. 254 138 2 6 1 47 00 Ceiba del Agna. _ 152 83 4 18 47 Guanabacoa .. 2,385 276 54 614 15 650 776 City of Guanabacoa . 1,968 1 50 5.94 15 650 658 Guara __ 171 83 1 15 72 Giiines... 1,682 472 58 188 5 523 436 Guira de Melena.. 1,520 682 35 160 1 173 409 Habana. 29,574 301 1,992 8,966 200 9,469 8,646 City of Habana . 39,128 139 1,986 8,899 199 9,333 8,572 Tsla de Pinos _ _ _ 288 96 13 15 90 74 Jaruco. _ 418 169 16 54 60 119 Madruga 525 171 12 35 165 142 Managua ... 255 163 4 23 1 64 Marianao ... 1,343 159 75 169 3 545 392 Melpna del Sur 612 202 16 22 200 172 Nueva Paz. 1,407 264 33 58 1 591 460 Pipian 69 58 7 4 Quivican. 244 54 3 20 87 80 Regia.. 1,024 3 35 229 1 443 313 Salud 112 74 8 30 San Antonio de las Vegas 184 93 8 44 39 San Antonio de los Banos.... 956 413 20 191 57 275 San Felipe. 264 19 6 14 135 90 San Jose de las Lajas 518 no 5 43 213 147 San Nicolas 852 211 19 34 384 204 Santa Cruz del Norte ... 582 220 5 10 194 153 Santa Maria del Rosario . 289 161 5 18 23 82 Santiago de las Vegas. 867 216 21 312 4 50 264 Tapaste 124 58 2 5 23 36 Vereda Nueva. 101 40 3 4 29 25 The province. 50,990 to to 2,558 11,659 234 14,880 14,893 COLORED FEMALES. Aguacate . 648 22 620 Alquizar .. _ _ 1,191 1 23 . 217 950 Bainoa _ 169 1 4 . 53 111 Batabano __ 771 1 | . 61 709 Raiit.a _ _ _ 530 1 . 31 498 Bejucal. 495 7 | 1 78 409 OCCUPATIONS 413 Table XXIV —Continued. Province of Habana— Continued. COLORED FEMALES-Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district,] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Ca.no _ 216 2 33 181 Oa.sip'iia.R - . _ _ 143 28 115 Oa.ha.lina, _ _ 272 3 1 19 249 Ceiba. del A pm a, _ 127 1 1 22 103 (Tnanahacoa _ _ 3,061 3 204 1 675 2,178 City of Cuana.bacoa _ _ 2,67 k 2 201 1 6U2 1 , 828 f-S-i __ __ 180 3 177 Giiines .. .. 1,787 1 1 12 217 1,556 friiira. do Melena, _ 1,435 9 197 1,229 Habana . 38; 788 8 23 2,369 16 11,342 25,030 City of Habana . 38,k20 8 22 2,367 16 11,269 2k, 738 Tsla do Pinos. ____ 233 28 205 .Ta.rneo _ _ _ 408 1 10 108 289 Madrnga, _ ... 566 25 541 Marianna _ 254 2 29 223 TVIa.ria.ria.o _ _ 1,333 4 34 324 971 TV!plena, del Rnr _ '622 1 8 57 556 Niiftva, Paz __ 1,587 2 11 199 1,375 Pipian .. _ 37 1 36 Qnivican - _ 259 1 22 236 Regia _ __ 1,180 70 223 887 Salnd _ 114 5 109 San Antonio de las Vegas _ 151 10 141 San Antonio de los Banos. ... 1,078 1 41 318 718 San Felipe _ .. .. '317 1 70 246 San Jose de las Lajas .. 482 1 24 457 San Nicolas. ___ 689 11 161 517 Santa Cruz del Norte_ 542 2 46 494 Santa Maria del Rosario_ 331 1 6 324 Santiago de las Vegas. 1,047 1 1 72 1 213 759 Tapaste _ __ 109 1 10 98 Vereda Nueva __ 72 14 58 The province . 61,224 22 31 2,900 19 14,891 43,361 Province of Matanzas. TOTAL POPULATION. Alacranos . 8,110 2,803 203 303 36 432 4,333 Bolondron.. 9,179 3,270 306 311 23 457 4,812 Cabezas.... 5,184 1,786 103 66 10 66 3,153 Canasi.. 1,993 749 68 49 6 108 1,013 Cardenas.. 24,861 2,526 1,968 2,259 169 2,893 15,046 City of Cardenas . 21,9k0 1,682 1,888 2,217 162 2, 792 13,199 Carlos Rojas... 3,174 1,261 52 77 12 93 1,679 Colon.... 12,195 2,741 600 576 61 984 7,233 Cue vitas.. 5,807 2,088 112 247 14 272 3,074 Guamacaro. 6,000 2,241 155 161 12 185 3,246 Jagiiey Grande... 5,853 1,870 175 126 7 179 3,496 Jovellanos... 7,529 1,817 277 421 27 384 4,603 Macagua... 5,042 1,431 95 105 14 124 3,273 Macuriges.. 10,405 3,705 292 340 22 219 5,827 Marti.. 8,905 3,066 301 475 24 183 4,856 Matanzas.. 45,282 4,752 3,472 4,242 447 5,102 27,267 City of Matanzas .. 36,37k 1,823 3,338 k ,125 4 26 4 ,608 22,05k Maximo Gontlez. 4,046 1,364 109 124 11 119 2,319 Mendez Capote. 2,158 1,036 23 21 3 99 97(5 Palmillas... 7,647 2,602 248 214 22 320 4,241 Perico.. 4,449 1,577 157 207 12 157 2,339 Roque . 4,464 2,013 66 63 8 145 2,1(59 Sabanilla. 5,205 1,651 115 117 12 165 3,145 San Jos6 de los Ramos. 6,765 2,168 180 176 16 96 4,129 Santa Ana. 2,965 1,031 56 41 7 48 1,782 Union de Reyes.. 5,226 1,256 274 271 13 275 3,137 The province. 202,444 50,304 9,407 10,992 988 13,105 117,148 414 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Matanzas— Continued. TOTAL MALES. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan icalin¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Alacranes. 4,573 2,481 198 279 30 182 1,403 Bolondron... 4,850 2,866 303 294 19 136 1,232 Cabezas. 2,605 1, 701 103 66 8 49 678 Canasi. 1.085 728 67 37 5 37 211 Cardenas.. 11,744 2,398 1,963 1,948 138 934 4,363 City of Cardenas . 10,206 1,639 1,883 1,907 f3S 873 3,771 Carlos Rojas.. 1,615 992 52 66 6 24 475 Colon .... 6,215 2,676 592 529 48 423 1,947 CuevitasL-. 3.138 1.897 111 232 11 83 804 Guamacaro.-. 3,090 1,856 155 157 8 64 850 Jagiiey Grande.. 3,092 1,857 174 126 4 78 8.53 Jovellanos. 3.573 1.432 276 414 20 194 1,237 Macagua.-. 2,665 1.427 95 105 11 98 929 Macuriges. 5,452 3.125 287 335 16 138 1,551 Marti.-. 4.931 2, m2 301 470 20 120 1,328 Matanzas. 21,905 4,718 3,438 3,333 348 2.432 7,636 City of Ma tanzas .. 16,926 1,805 3, SOU 3,217 333 2,003 6,26k Maximo Gomez. 2,102 1,171 109 120 r* ( 61 634 Mendez Capote... 1.344 918 23 21 3 22 357 Palmillas_.. 4.155 2,367 246 174 15 109 1,244 Perico.... 2.486 1.415 157 204 10 86 614 Roque.--- 2,577 1,865 66 62 4 69 511 Sabanilla.... 2,678 1.639 115 111 6 70 737 San Jose de los Ramos. 3.652 2,081 180 173 13 58 1,147 Santa Ana. 1.577 1.031 56 41 6 38 405 Union de Reyes. 2,622 1,163 272 235 11 82 859 The province. 103,726 46,496 9,339 9,532 767 5,587 32,005 TOTAL FEMALES. Alacranes. ”... 3.537 322 5 24 6 2.50 2,930 Bolondron.. 4.329 404 3 17 4 321 3,580 Cabezas__ 2,579 85 2 17 2,475 Canasi... 908 21 1 12 1 71 802 Cardenas ....-. 13,117 128 5 311 31 1,959 10,683 City of Cardenas .. 11,73k lei 5 310 29 1.919 9,k28 Carlos Rojas 1.559 269 11 6 69 1.204 Colon... 5,980 65 1 47 13 561 5,286 Cuevitas. 2,669 191 2 15 3 189 2.270 Guamacaro___ 2.910 385 4 4 121 2,396 Jagiiey Grande . _ 2, 761 13 1 3 101 2. 643 Jovellanos. 3.956 385 1 7 7 190 3,366 Macagua . 2,377 4 3 26 2.314 Macuriges... 4.953 580 5 5 6 81 4; 276 Marti.__ 3.974 374 5 4 63 3.528 Matanzas.. 23,377 34 34 909 99 2,670 19,631 City of Matanzas _ 19, kk8 18 8k 908 93 2,605 15, 790 Maximo Gomez. 1,944 193 4 4 58 1,685 Mendez Capote . 814 118 77 619 Palmillas.-. 3,492 235 2 40 1 211 2.997 Perico... 1.963 162 3 2 71 1.725 Roque.. 1,887 148 1 4 76 1,658 Sabanilla... 2,527 12 6 6 95 2,408 San Jose de los Ramos. 3,113 87 3 3 38 2! 982 Santa Ana . 1.388 1 10 1,377 Union de Reyes. 2.604 93 2 36 2 193 2,278 The province. 98,718 4,308 68 1,460 221 7,518 85,143 TOTAL NATIVE WHITE. Alacranes . . 3,676 898 ; 71 117 26 100 2.464 Balondron .... . 3,819 1, ((55 114 111 20 88 2.411 Cabezas. . 3.687 1.197 46 I 38 1 29 2,370 Canasi. .| 1,038 400 1 . 37 | 21 3 33 544 OCCUPATIONS 415 Table XXIV — Continued. Province of Matanzas— Continued. TOTAL NATIVE WHITE-Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Cardenas... 14,085 1,150 859 1,220 107 537 10,212 City of Cardenas. . 11,962 653 818 1,199 103 598 8, 701 Carlos Rojas.. 1.179 345 11 39 7 15 762 Colon..... 5, 706 1,051 207 245 44 168 3,991 Cue'vitas.... 3,037 928 30 80 12 40 1,947 Guamacaro.. 2,605 700 55 67 9 46 1,728 Jagiiey Grande... 3,674 1,047 68 72 5 49 2,433 Jovellanos. 2,835 359 98 194 21 74 2,089 Macagua. 2,524 636 26 41 11 18 1,792 Macuriges. 4,003 1,054 86 133 13 50 2,667 Marti ....--- 4.125 1,106 85 214 19 46 2,655 Matanzas... 27,571 2,908 1,633 2,051 304 1,520 19,155 City of Matanzas . 20,931 857 1,562 1,979 291 1,200 15,052 Maximo Gomez. 1,788 486 40 46 7 24 1,185 Mend ez Capote. - - -. 1,142 405 10 12 2 11 702. Palmillas... 3,337 844 87 89 16 58 2,243 Perico... 1,662 386 49 83 8 29 1,107 Roque.... 2,056 800 22 34 7 28 1,165 Sabanilla... 2,630 797 37 33 10 31 1,722 San Jose de los Ramos . . 2,673 728 42 52 11 15 1,825 Santa Ana. 1,593 515 22 15 7 10 1,024 Union de Reyes. 2,237 417 89 108 7 40 1,576 The province. 102,682 20,212 3,824 5,115 683 3,059 69,789 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Alacranes.. 1,972 897 71 113 21 76 794 Balondron. 1,947 1,046 113 105 17 39 627 Cabezas... 1,823 1.176 46 38 5 27 531 Canasi ..-. 579 397 36 14 2 19 111 Cardenas__ 6,381 1,138 857 1,054 82 302 2,948 City of Cardenas . 5,308 635 816 1,033 79 277 2,568 Carlos Rojas.-. 592 343 11 32 2 6 198 Colon.. 2,765 1,047 206 237 32 121 1,122 Cuevitas.. 1,583 922 30 76 9 28 518 Guamacaro... 1,299 682 55 66 6 28 462 Jagiiey Grande..... 1,835 1,045 68 72 2 35 613 Jovellanos. 1,273 356 98 190 14 55 560 Macagua. 1,258 633 26 41 8 16 534 Macuriges. 2,043 1,045 86 132 11 44 725 Marti... 2.163 1.098 85 211 15 44 710 Matanzas. 12,837 2,900 1,624 1,628 224 1,169 5,292 City of Matanzas .. 9,219 857 1,553 1,556 216 875 5,162 Maximo Gomez.. 911 484 40 46 4 23 314 Mendez Capote-- 676 405 10 12 2 10 237 Palmillas.... 1,728 843 87 70 10 33 685 Perico.... 850 384 49 83 6 25 303 Roque .. 1,147 796 22 34 3 26 266 Sabanilla--- 1,354 794 37 33 4 26 460 San Jose de los Ramos- 1,396 717 42 52 8 12 565 Santa Ana. 819 515 22 15 6 10 251 Union de Reyes .. 1,093 417 88 100 5 25 458 The province... 50,324 20,080 3,809 4,454 498 2,199 19,284 NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. Alacranes. 1,704 1 4 5 24 1,670 Bolondron ... L872 9 1 6 3 49 1,804 Cabezas.. 1,864 21 2 2 1,839 Canasi.. - ' 459 3 1 7 1 14 433 Cardenas . 7,704 12 2 166 25 235 7,264 City of Cardenas . 6,655 8 2 166 25 221 6,233 Carlos Rojas. 587 2 ri i 5 9 564 Colon_”__ 2,941 4 1 8 12- 47 2,869 416 "REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXIY—Continued. Province of Matanzas— Continued. NATIVE WHITE FEMALES—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Cuevitas..... 1.454 6 4 3 12 1 429 Guamacaro ..... 1,306 18 1 3 18 1,266 Jaguey Grande. 1,839 2 3 14 1,820 Jovellanos... 1.562 3 4 7 19 1,529 Macagua.. 1,266 3 3 2 L258 Macuriges.. 1.960 9 1 2 6 1,942 Marti.__. 1,962 8 3 4 2 1,945 Matanzas.... 14;734 8 9 423 80 351 13,863 City of Matanzas _ 11, 712 9 4 23 75 325 10,880 Maximo Gomez.. '877 2 3 1 871 Mendez Capote. 466 1 465 Palmillas... 1.609 1 19 6 25 1,558 Perico. 812 2 2 4 804 Roque... 909 4 4 2 899 Sabanilla.. 1,276 3 6 5 1,262 San Jose de los Ramos. 1,277 11 3 3 l' 260 Santa Ana_ rrr* i (1 4 1 773 Union de Reyes. 1,144 1 8 2 15 1,118 The province. 52,358 132 15 661 185 860 50,505 TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE. Alacranes. 496 245 92 33 8 35 83 Bolondron.. 789 413 130 63 3 19 161 Cabezas. 287 134 38 14 3 6 92 Canasi... 81 31 20 5 3 6 16 Cardenas . 2,314 269 929 311 42 194 569 City of Cardenas .. 2,081 183 893 800 39 173 4 93 Carlos Rojas. 174 89 32 8 5 3 37 Colon. 824 301 229 82 13 ;x> 144 Cuevitas. 398 184 69 60 2 14 69 Guamacaro..... 359 179 58 23 2 10 87 Jaguey Grande. 430 241 86 12 2 15 74 Jovellanos. .. 411 117 106 65 5 46 72 Macagua. 191 82 51 27 3 14 14 Macuriges. 699 330 137 44 6 21 161 Marti. 427 118 141 83 5 12 68 Matanzas. 4,512 642 1,475 401 118 556 1.320 City of Matanzas . 3,644 225 1,522 377 110 583 1,027 Maximo Gomez. 138 50 42 20 3 3 20 Mendez Capote.. 126 92 11 4 1 1 17 Palmillas. 427 192 101 40 4 19 71 Perico... 257 110 49 37 3 14 44 Roque. 227 159 21 3 1 9 J4 Sabanilla. 401 181 46 19 2 21 132 San Jose de los Ramos .. 612 282 81 50 4 15 180 Santa Ana . 251 129 30 7 3 82 Union de Reyes. 404 130 130 27 4 15 98 The province. 15,235 4,700 4,104. 1,438 242 1,106 3,645 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. Alacranes. 425 244 90 33 8 28 22 Bolondron. 628 412 129 62 2 12 n Cabezas. 198 134 38 14 3 6 3 Canasi 64 30 20 5 3 6 Cardenas . 1,792 260 927 302 37 157 100 City of Cardenas . 1,625 183 891 291 So 133 86 Carlos Rojas. 143 89 8 4 3 7 Colon. 692 301 228 81 12 42 28 Cuevitas. 331 184 69 60 o Mf 13 3 Guamacaro. 269 174 58 23 o a 10 2 Jaguey Grande. 359 241 86 12 9 44 1 15 3 OCCUPATIONS 417 Table XXIV.—Continued. Province of Matanzas— Continued. FOREIGN WHITE MALES—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. J ovellanos ... 352 116 106 65 5 45 15 Macagua.... 180 82 51 27 3 14 3 Macuriges... 551 329 137 44 5 21 15 Marti.... 370 116 141 83 5 12 13 Matanzas... 3,290 641 1,468 389 101 484 207 City of Matanzas - 2,695 225 1,475 365 9k U12 754 Maximo Gomez_ 116 49 42 20 2 3 Mendez Capote... 112 92 11 4 1 1 3 Palmillas ... 361 192 99 40 4 16 10 Perico .... 213 110 49 35 3 14 2 Roque . 196 159 21 3 1 9 3 Sabanilla... 271 180 46 19 2 17 7 San Jose de los Ramos. 446 281 81 50 4 15 15 Santa Ana _ . _ _ 174 129 30 7 3 5 Union de Reyes. 317 130 130 27 4 11 15 The province. 11,850 4,684 4,089 1,413 215 957 492 FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. Alacranes. Bolondron .. Cabezas. Canasi. Cardenas... City of Cardenas... Carlos Rojas. Colon. Cuevitas. Guamacaro. Jaguey Grande. Jovellanos. Macagua. Macuriges. Marti .. Matanzas. City of Matanzas .. Maximo Gomez. Mendez Capote. Palmillas. Perico. Roque. Sabanilla. San Jose de los Ramos Santa Ana. Union de Reyes. The province 71 1 2 i 61 161 1 1 1 1 (V i 150 89 89 17 1 16 522 2 9 5 37 469 4 57 (!) A/ 9 4 35 4 07 31 1 30 132 1 A 1 1 13 116 67 1 66 90 5 85 71 71 59 1 1 57 11 * 11 148 1 1 146 57 2 55 1,222 1 7 12 17 72 1,113 94.9 7 12 16 71 54-5 22 1 1 20 14 14 66 2 3 61 44 2 42 31 31 130 1 4 125 166 1 165 77 77 87 4 83 3,385 16 15 25 27 149 3,153 TOTAL COLORED. Alacranes. Bolondron. Cabezas. Canasi. Cardenas . City of Cardenas Carlos Rojas. Colon .. Cuevitas. Guamacaro. Jaguey Grande. J ovellanos. Macagua.. Macuriges. 24662 — 3,938 1,660 40 153 2 297 1,786 4,571 1,802 62 137 350 2,220 1,210 455 19 14 31 691 874 318 11 23 69 4o3 8,462 1,107 180 728 20 2,162 4,265 7,897 856 177 718 20 2,121 h, 005 1,821 827 9 30 75 880 5,665 1,389 164 219 4 761 3, 098 2,372 976 13 107 218 1,0. >8 3,036 1,362 42 71 1 129 1,431 1,749 582 21 42 115 989 4,283 1,341 73 162 1 264 2,442 2,327 713 18 37 92 1,467 5,703 2,321 69 163 3 148 2,999 ■27 418 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Matanzas— Continued. TOTAL COLORED—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] • Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Marti..... 4,353 13,199 1,842 1,202 75 178 125 2,133 6,792 Matanzas. 364 1,790 25 3,026 City of Matanzas . 11,799 7 hi 35h 1,769 35 2,935 5,985 Maximo Gomez .. 2,120 828 27 58 1 92 1,114 Mendez Capote. 890 539 2 5 87 257 Palmillas. 3,883 1,566 60 85 2 243 1,927 Perico. 2,530 1,081 59 87 1 114 1,188 Roque ..... 2,181 2,174 3,480 1,054 673 23 26 108 970 Sabanilla . .... 32 65 113 1,291 2,124 San Jose de los Ramos -. 1,158 57 74 1 66 Santa Ana____ 1,121 2,585 387 4 19 .35 676 Union de Reyes.. 709 55 136 2 220 1,463 The province. 84,527 25,892 1,479 4,439 63 8,940 43,714 COLORED MALES. Alacranes . .. 2,176 1,340 37 133 1 78 587 Bolondron. . 2,275 1,408 61 127 85 594 Cabezas. . .. '584 391 19 14 16 144 Canasi. . . 442 301 11 18 12 100 Cardenas .. - . 3,571 991 179 592 19 475 1,315 Cityof Cardenas . 3,37h 821 176 583 19 h58 1,217 Carlos Rojas ... 880 560 9 26 15 270 Colon ..I.’. . 2,758 1,328 158 211 4 260 797 Cue vitas _._. 1,224 791 12 96 42 283 Guamacaro ... 1,522 1,000 42 68 26 386 Jaguey Grande ... 898 571 20 42 28 237 Jovellanos . 1,948 960 72 159 1 94 662 Macagua ._.. 1,227 712 18 37 68 392 Macuriges .. 2.858 1,751 64 159 73 811 Marti ... 2,398 1,478 75 176 64 605 Matanzas __ 5,778 1,177 346 1,316 23 779 2,137 City of Matanzas . 5,012 723 336 1,296 23 716 1,918 Maximo Gomez. . 1,075 638 27 54 1 35 320 Mendez Capote 556 421 2 5 11 117 Palmillas . 2,066 1,332 60 64 1 60 549 Perico . 1,423 921 59 86 1 47 309 Roque ._...-. 1,234 910 23 25 34 242 Sabanilla 1.053 665 32 59 27 270 San Jose de los Ramos . 1,810 1,083 57 71 1 31 567 Santa Ana ... 584 387 4 19 25 149 Union de Reyes. 1,212 616 54 108 9 46 386 The province . 41,552 21,732 1,441 3,665 54 2,431 12,229 COLORED FEMALES. Alacranes. Bolondron. Cabezas... Canasi. Cardenas . Cityof Cardenas Carlos Rojas.. Colon. Cuevitas. Guamacaro. Jaguey Grande. Jovellanos. Managua. Macuriges. Marti. Matanzas. City of Matanzas Maximo Gomez. 1,762 2,21H> 626 432 4,891 4 ,623 941 2,907 1,148 1,514 851 2,335 1,100 2,845 1,955 7,421 6,787 1,046 320 3' 20 1 219 1.199 394 1 10 265 1,626 64 15 547 17 5 57 353 116 1 136 i 1,687 2,950 35 1 135 i 1,663 2,788 267 4 60 610 61 6 38 501 2,301 185 1 11 176 775 362 3 i 103 1,045 11 1 87 752 381 1 3 170 1,780 1 24 1,075 570 5 4 3 75 2,188 :$64 9 • 61 1.528 25 18 474 9 2,247 4,655 18 18 47 3 2 2,209 h,067 190 4 57 794 OCCUPATIONS 419 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Matanzas— Continued. COLORED FEMALES—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Mendez Capote __ 334 118 76 140 Palmillas _ . _ .. 1,817 234 21 1 183 1,378 Perico.-... - 1,107 160 1 67 879 Roque .-.. '947 144 1 74 728 Sabanilla .. . . _ .. 1,121 8 6 86 1,021 San Jose de los Ramos. L670 75 3 35 1,557 Santa Ana . __ 537 10 '527 Union de Reyes.. 1,373 93 1 28 174 1,077 The province_ 42,975 4,160 38 774 9 6,509 31,485 Province of Pinar del Rio. TOTAL POPULATION. Artemisa.- 9.317 2,574 241 263 17 786 5,436 Bahia Honda.. ,',117 425 55 47 2 211 1,377 Cabanas___ __ 3,853 973 71 173 6 459 2,171 Candelaria.. 4,866 1,466 97 94 16 292 2,901 Consolacion del Norte .. 7,399 1,893 86 77 12 677 4,654 Consolacion del Sur.. 16,665 4,099 328 319 35 1,097 10,787 Guanajay.. 8,796 971 473 565 43 1,146 5,598 Guane--- 14,760 5,884 376 219 26 255 8,000 Guayabal_ 2,710 767 37 29 8 246 1,623 Julian Diaz.. . 1.871 753 23 9 1 16 1,069 Los Palacios-- 2,456 598 91 52 6 265 1,441 Mantua... 8,366 2,756 219 94 9 .351 4,937 Mariel ..... 3,631 814 151 122 6 355 2 , ms Pinar del Rio... 38,343 9,696 1,214 992 119 2,721 23,601 City of Pinar del ldo . 8,880 13 968 85h 98 2,053 It, 89h San Cristobal.. 4,263 1,035 139 76 21 374 2,618 San Diego de los Banos. 2,419 886 38 42 8 70 1,375 San Diego de Nunez .. 1,137 290 11 16 154 666 San Juali y Martinez__ 14; 787 5,401 257 143 21 537 8,428 San Luis... 7,608 2,349 172 108 25 147 4,807 Vinales ..— 17,700 5,067 353 195 18 540 11,527 The province.. 173,064 48,697 4,432 3,635 399 10,699 105,202 / TOTAL MALES. Artemisa... 5,013 2,569 241 258 16 610 1,289 Bahia Honda. .... 1,003 416 55 42 2 161 327 Cabanas__ 2,143 973 71 172 5 441 481 Candelaria .... 2,620 1,466 97 85 14 222 736 Consolacion del Norte... 3,945 1,885 86 62 10 .534 1,368 Consolacion del Sur.. 8,555 4,099 327 318 27 984 2,800 Guanajay. .. 4,205 971 469 502 38 860 1,365 Guane__ 8,400 5,865 376 215 25 103 1,816 Guayabal... 1,439 767 37 28 6 193 408 Julian Diaz____ 983 752 23 9 1 15 183 Los Palacios.. 1,303 596 91 45 5 226 340 Mantua___ 4,537 2,755 218 86 9 218 1,251 Mariel .. 1,802 814 149 116 5, 219 499 Pinar del Rio . . . 20,082 9,683 1,183 816 112 1,563 6, 725 City of Pinar del Rio _ It, 256 13 938 687 91 1,120 1,507 San Cristobal..... 2,276 1,035 139 69 19 281 733 San Diego de los Banos. 1,302 860 38 40 7 34 323 San Diego de Nunez . . 572 288 11 13 124 136 San Juan y Martinez _ 8,170 5,380 257 139 21 1.53 2,220 San Luis.. 3,988 2,331 169 107 22 74 1,285 Vinales .. 9,350 5,047 353 191 15 315 3; 429 The province .. 91,688 48,552 4,390 3,313 359 7,360 27,714 420 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1809. Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Pinar del Rio— Continued. TOTAL FEMALES. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Artemisa. Bahia Honda. Cabanas... Candelaria... Consolacion del Norte .. Consolacion del Sur. Guanajay. Guane.. Guayabal. Julian Diaz.. Los Palacios. Mantua.. Mariel. Pinar del Rio. City of Pinar del Rio San Cristobal.. San Diego de los Banos . San Diego de Nunez .... San Juan y Martinez ... San Luis.. Vinales. The province.. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. 4,304 5 5 1 146 4,147 1.114 9 5 50 1 050 1,710 1 1 18 1 690 2, 240 9 2 70 2,165 3,454 8 15 2 143 3,286 8,110 1 1 8 113 7,987 4,591 4 63 5 286 4,233 6,360 19 4 1 152 6,184 1.271 1 2 53 1 215 '888 1 1 886 1,153 2 7 1 39 1,104 3.829 1 1 8 133 3,686 1.829 2 6 1 136 1.684 18,261 13 31 176 7 1.158 16,876 A, 62 A 30 167 7 933 3,1*87 1.987 7 2 93 1,885 1.117 26 2 1 36 1,052 565 2 3 30 530 6.617 21 4 384 6,208 3,620 18 3 1 3 73 3,522 8,350 20 4 3 225 8,098 81,376 145 42 322 40 3,339 77,488 TOTAL NATIVE WHITE. Artemisa. 5,757 1,596 98 141 14 308 3,600 Bahia Honda.. 803 235 24 16 2 8 518 Cabanas .. 1,313 472 40 82 4 7 708 Candelaria. 2.939 939 44 43 12 92 1,809 Consolacion del Norte_ 5,233 1,190 30 39 7 525 3,442 Consolacion del Sur.... 9,842 2,597 118 141 29 321 6,636 Guanajay. 5,646 605 223 299 32 590 3,897 Guane ... 11.023 4,226 148 93 18 114 6,424 Guayabal. 1.882 487 21 18 6 135 1,215 Julian Diaz__ 1,060 1.473 444 9 3 7 597 Los Palacios. 411 32 27 3 114 886 Mantua.. 6,471 2,012 108 51 6 258 4,036 Mariel.- 2,151 524 101 73 3 65 1.385 Pinar del Rio .. . 26,023 6,323 401 437 86 1,136 17,640 City of Pinar del Rio _ U, 908 8 301* 371 73 782 3,370 San Cristobal. . 2,822 669 79 45 16 209 1,804 San Diego de los Banos. 1,760 610 24 14 6 42 1,064 San Diego de Nunez. 458 183 5 3 5 262 San Juan y Martinez. . 10,202 3,318 76 55 14 301 6 438 San Luis. 5,164 1,534 72 41 17 53 3,447 Vinales .. 12.885 3,482 134 96 10 139 9,024 The province. 114,907 31,857 N. CO *>■ rt 1,717 285 4,429 74,832 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Artemisa. 2,978 1.594 98 140 13 277 856 Bahia Honda. 401 235 24 12 2 128 Cabanas... 754 472 40 82 3 157 Candelaria. 1,549 939 44 41 11 79 435 Consolacion del Norte. 2,720 1,187 30 28 5 468 1,002 Consolacion del Sur... 4,947 2,597 117 141 21 301 1,770 Guanajay. 2.593 605 223 262 29 525 949 Guane. 5,987 4,211 148 91 18 37 1,482 Guayabal... 949 487 21 17 4 118 302 Julian Diaz... 551 443 9 3 7 89 Los Palacios. 770 409 32 OO Mv 2 106 199 Mantua. . 3,372 2,011 107 44 6 179 1,025 Mariel.-. 1,088 524 100 69 2 54 339 OCCUPATIONS 421 Table XXIY—Continued. Province of Pinar del Rio— Continued. NATIVE WHITE MALES—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Pinar del Rio. 12,940 6,317 396 347 81 809 4,990 City of Pinar del Rio - 2,175 8 299 283 68 555 962 San Cristobal_ 1,468 669 79 41 14 176 489 San Diego de los Banos. 917 600 24 12 5 34 242 San Diego de Nunez- 248 181 5 2 5 55 San Juan y Martinez. 5,273 3,303 76 53 14 98 1,729 San Luis. 2,601 1,520 71 41 14 25 930 Vinales.. 6,467 3,470 134 94 9 65 2,695 The province__ 58,573 31,774 1,778 1,542 253 3,363 19,863 NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. Artemisa. Bahia Honda. Cabanas -. Candelaria. Consolacion del Norte . Consolacion del Sur- Guana] ay. Guane.. Guayabal... Julian Diaz.. Los Palacios. Mantua..- Mariel... Pinar del Rio- City of Pinar del Rio. San Cristobal.. San Diego de los Banos San Diego de Nunez San Juan y Martinez .. San Luis. Vinales.. The province. 2,779 2 1 1 31 402 4 8 559 1 7 1,390 2 1 13 2; 513 3 11 2 57 4,895 i 8 20 3,053 37 3 65 5' 036 15 2 77 933 1 2 17 509 1 703 2 5 1 8 3,099 1 1 7 79 1,063 1 4 1 11 13,083 6 5 90 5 327 2,733 5 88 5 227 1,354 4 2 as 843 10 2 1 8 210 2 1 4,929 15 2 203 2; 563 14 1 3 28 6,418 12 2 1 74 56,334 83 9 175 32 1,066 2,744 390 551 1,374 2,440 4,866 2,948 4,942 913 508 687 3,011 1,046 12,650 2,h08 1,315 822 207 4,709 2,517 6,329 54,969 TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE. Artemisa -- 470 221 123 23 1 36 66 Bahia Honda_ - 62 28 21 3 10 Cabanas.... 153 76 27 21 2 27 Candelaria... 221 118 40 14 4 1 44 Consolacion del Norte. 331 172 51 12 4 44 48 Consolacion del Sur ..... _ 664 357 174 44 6 83 Guanaiay.. 667 90 199 50 10 139 179 Guane.. 1,177 708 200 92 7 67 103 Guayabal.-.. 240 72 13 6 2 78 69 Julian Diaz. 46 22 14 1 1 2 6 Los Palacios. 87 27 43 4 3 10 Mantua. 468 271 103 32 1 39 22 Mariel ... 142 66 36 6 3 2 29 Pinar del Rio.. 2,759 1,126 681 156 29 ass 432 City of Pinar del Rio _ 1,025 h 5U6 123 21 15K 187 San Cristobal.. 152 77 51 6 5 13 San Diego de los Banos. 75 35 13 6 2 19 San Diego de Nunez .. 45 30 5 4 6 San Juan y Martinez_ .. 1,300 975 162 40 7 18 98 San Luis. . 477 281 85 28 4 2 77 Vinales... 1,182 554 193 44 8 225 158 The province. 10,718 5,306 2,234 592 99 988 1,499 422 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXIY—Continued. Province of Pinar del Rio—C ontinued. FOREIGN WHITE MALES. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Artemisa.. 421 221 123 22 1 33 21 Bahia Honda. 52 28 21 3 * Cabanas _... 127 76 27 21 2 1 Candelaria... 188 118 40 14 3 13 Consolacion del Norte _. 291 172 51 12 4 44 8 Consolacion del Sur. 589 357 174 44 6 8 Guanajay... 501 90 195 50 8 136 ,‘22 Guane . 1,085 707 200 92 rf i 66 13 Guayabal__ 184 72 13 6 2 75 16 Julian Diaz. 42 22 14 1 1 2 2 Los Palacios.. 82 27 43 4 3 5 Mantua. 447 271 103 32 1 39 1 Mariel... 114 66 36 6 3 3 Pinar del Rio... 2,435 1.125 657 152 27 326 148 City of Pinar del Rio _ 86!, A 522 110 10 137 63 San Cristobal_ 144 77 51 6 5 5 San Diego de los Banos .. 61 35 13 6 2 5 San Diego de Nunez_ 39 30 5 4 San Juan y Martinez_ 1,212 975 162 39 7 12 17 San Luis_ 407 281 83 28 4 11 Vinales. 1,026 552 193 43 6 221 11 The province___ 9,447 5,302 2,204 585 92 954 310 FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. Artemisa. Bahia Honda. Cabanas . Candelaria. Consolacion del Norte Consolacion del Sur. Guanajay... Guane. Guayabal.. Julian Diaz. Los Palacios. Mantua. Mariel. Pinar del Rio. City of Pinar del Rio .. San Cristobal.. San Diego de los Banos ... San Diego de Nunez. San Juan y Martinez. San Luis. Vinales. The province. 49 10 26 33 40 75 166 92 56 4 5 21 28 324 161 8 14 6 88 70 156 1,271 1 3 1 1 4 2 3 1 3 1 • 2 9 7 1 24 2U 4 U 2 Q & 1 6 2 4 2 9 1 2 4 30 p? i 7 34 45 10 26 31 40 75 157 90 53 4 5 21 26 284 12U 8 14 6 81 66 147 1.189 Artemisa. Bahia Honda. Cabanas . Candelaria. Consolacion del Norte .. Consolacion del Sur. Guanajay. Guane. Guayabal. Julian Diaz. Los Palacios. M&ntua. Mariel. Pinar del Rio. City of Pinar del Rio TOTAL COLORED. 3,090 757 20 99 9 442 1,770 1,252 162 10 28 203 819 2,387 425 4 70 . 452 1,436 1, 706 409 13 37 199 1,018 1,835 531 5 26 1 108 1,164 6,159 1,145 36 134 776 4,068 2.483 276 51 216 1 417 1,522 2,560 950 28 34 1 74 1,473 588 208 3 5 33 339 765 287 5 7 466 896 160 16 21 151 548 1, 127 473 8 11 9 54 879 1.338 224 14 43 . 288 769 9,561 2.247 132 399 4 1,250 5,529 2,01,7 1 118 360 U 1,127 1,737 OCCUPATIONS 423 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Pinar del Rio— Continued. TOTAL COLORED—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] 1 Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. i Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. San Cristobal____ 1,289 289 9 25 165 801 Sa.ti Diego de los Ran os _ 584 241 1 22 28 292 San Diego de Nunez .. 634 77 1 9 149 398 San Juan y Martinez.. 3,285 1,108 19 48 . 218 1,892 San Luis. 1,967 534 15 39 4 92 1,283 Vinales ____ 3,633 1,031 26 55 ' 176 2,345 The province. 47,439 11,534 411 1,326 15 5,282 28,871 COLORED MALES. Artemisa. 1,614 754 Bahia Honda. 550 153 Cabanas.. 1,262 425 Candelaria... 883 409 Consolacion del Norte_ 934 526 Consolacion del Sur. 3,019 1,145 Guana jay. 1,111 276 Guane... 1,328 947 Guayabal.... 306 208 Julian Diaz .. 390 287 Los Palacios... 451 .160 Mantua. 718 473 Mariel.. 600 224 Pinar del Rio-- 4,707 2,241 City of Pinar del Rio . 1,217 1 San Cristobal.... 664 289 San Diego de los Banos. 324 225 San Diego de Nunez. 285 77 San Juan y Martinez. 1.685 1,102 San Luis.. 980 530 Vinales. 1,857 1,025 The province__ 23,668 11,476 20 96 2 330 412 10 27 161 199 4 69 441 323 13 30 143 288 5 22 1 22 358 36 133 683 1,022 51 190 1 199 394 28 32 321 3 5 90 5 6 92 16 19 120 13H 8 10 2 225 13 41 165 157 130 317 4 428 1,587 117 285 4 4 28 382 9 22 105 239 1 22 76 1 7 119 81 19 47 43 474 15 38 4 49 344 26 54 29 723 4C8 1,186 14 3,043 7,541 COLORED FEMALES. Artemisa. Bahia Honda. Cabanas.. Candelaria. Consolacion del Norte.. Consolacion del Sur.... Guana jay. Guane. Guayabal.. Julian Diaz. Los Palacios. M&ntua... Mariel.. Pinar del Rio. City of Pinar del Rio San Cristobal. San Diego de los Banos. San Diego de Nunez.... San Juan y Martinez... San Luis. Vinales. The province. 1.476 3 3 702 9 1 1,125 1 823 rr i 901 5 4 3,140 1 1,372 26 L232 3 2 1 282 375 445 2 709 1 7:18 1 2 4,854 6 2 ' 82 1,730 .... 1 75 625 3 260 16 349 2 1,600 6 1 '987 4 1 1,776 6 1 23,771 58 3 140 *1 112 42 11 56 86 93 218 74 as l 31 54 123 822 699 60 28 30 175 43 147 i,a58 650 1,113 760 806 3,046 1,128 1,152 249 374 412 654 612 3,942 955 562 216 317 1,418 939 1,622 21,330 424 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXIV — Continued. Province of Puerto Principe. TOTAL POPULATION. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. ^ Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Ciego de Avila. 9,801 2,285 219 262 24 538 6,473 Moron . 9,630 2,296 237 172 15 469 6,441 Nue vitas. 10,355 2,592 512 457 40 1,023 5,731 Puerto Principe. 53.140 8,547 1,857 2,615 271 5,296 34,554 City of Puerto Principe .. 25,102 G89 1,415 2,222 233 3,879 m, nou Santa Cruz del Sur.. 5,308 1,338 179 198 9 371 3,213 The province. 88,234 17,058 3,094 3,704 359 7,697 56,412 TOTAL MALES. Ciego de Avila. 4,979 2,282 218 210 21 223 2,025 Moron... 4,922 2.293 235 109 14 388 1,883 Nue vitas. 5.888 2,590 510 425 32 445 1,886 Puerto Principe. 26,225 8,533 1,813 2,119 221 2,905 10,634 City of Puerto Principe .. 10,912 683 1,371 1,87k 189 2,317 4,478 Santa Cruz del Sur. 2,885 1,332 178 120 4 132 1,119 The province.. 44,899 17,030 2,954 2,983 292 4,093 17,547 TOTAL FEMALES. Ciego de Avila. 4,822 3 1 52 3 315 4,448 Moron. 4.708 3 2 63 1 81 4,558 Nue vitas. 4.467 2 2 32 8 578 3,845 Puerto Principe. 26,915 14 44 496 50 2.391 23,920 City of Puerto Principe .. 14 ,190 6 44 345 44 1,562 12,186 Santa Cruz del Sur. 2,423 6 1 78 5 239 2,094 The province. 43,335 28 50 721 67 3,604 38,865 TOTAL NATIVE WHITE. Ciego de Avila. 8,034 1,820 123 150 12 374 5,555 Moron. 8,436 1.931 169 128 9 442 5,757 Nuevitas. 7,121 1.354 298 20(5 26 ' 534 4,703 Puerto Principe. 39,196 6,486 1,149 1,181 192 2,638 27,550 City of Puerto Principe .. 16,505 4 63 889 969 167 1,832 12,185 Santa Cruz del Sur. 3,562 905 122 89 6 152 2,288 The province. 66,349 12,496 1,861 1,754 245 4,140 45,853 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Ciego de Avila. 3,999 1,818 123 114 9 202 1.735 Moron. 4,2(59 1,929 167 6(3 8 388 1,711 Nuevitas. 3,615 1,353 298 186 20 206 1,552 Puerto Principe. 18,808 6,474 1,122 865 150 1,630 8,567 City of Puerto Principe .. 6, 764 4 58 862 769 131 1,301 3, 2k3 Santa Cruz del Sur. 1,884 899 122 38 3 26 796 The province. 32,5 1 o 12,473 1,832 1,269 190 2,452 14,359 OCCUPATIONS.- 425 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Puerto Principe— Continued. NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Ciego de Avila. 4,035 4,167 2 36 3 172 3,822 4,046 Moron -. 2 2 62 1 54 Nuevitas-. 3,506 20,388 1 20 6 328 3,151 18,983 Puerto Principe.-. 12 27 316 42 1,008 City of Puerto Principe .. 9,7hi 5 27 200 36 531 8,9h2 Santa Cruz del Sur. 1,678 6 51 3 126 1,492 The province.. 33,774 23 29 485 55 1,688 31,494 TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE. Ciego de Avila. 313 136 84 38 12 3 40 Moron. 197 92 64 9 6 3 23 Nuevitas.. 970 446 169 91 13 142 109 Puerto Principe.. 2,259 G60 570 166 52 452 359 City of Puerto Principe .. 1,283 72 h26 115 ho 376 25k Santa Cruz del Sur. 299 121 41 23 2 40 72 The province. 4,038 1,455 928 327 85 640 603 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. Ciego de Avila__ 283 136 84 38 12 13 Moron___ 175 92 64 8 6 5 Nuevitas. . 859 445 169 91 11 126 17 Puerto Principe. 1,948 659 569 161 46 409 104 City of Puerto Principe .. 1.08k 72 h25 112 3k 352 89 Santa Cruz del Sur. 234 121 41 21 1 37 13 The province... 3,499 1,453 927 319 76 572 152 FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. Ciego de Avila_ 30 3 27 Moron _.. _. 22 1 3 18 Nuevitas.. 111 1 2 16 92 Puerto Principe. 311 1 1 5 6 43 255 City of Puerto Principe .. 199 1 3 6 2k 165 Santa Cruz del Sur. 65 2 1 3 59 The province. 539 2 1 8 9 68 451 .TOTAL COLORED. Ciego de Avila. 1,454 329 12 74 161 878 Moron. '997 273 4 35 24 661 Nuevitas. 2,264 792 45 160 1 347 919 Puerto Principe. 11,685 1,401 138 1,268 27 2,206 6,645 City of Puerto Principe .. 7,31k 15k 100 1,138 26 1,671 h, 225 Santa Cruz del Sur. 1,447 312 16 86 1 179 853 The province. 17,847 3,107 215 1,623 29 2,917 9,956 426 REPORT. ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Puerto Principe— Continued. COLORED MALES. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. 0 Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Ciego de Avila... 697 328 11 58 21 279 Moron. 478 272 4 35 167 Nuevitas. 1,414 792 43 148 1 113 317 Puerto Principe.. 5,469 1,400 122 1,093 25 866 1,963 City of Puerto Principe... 3,065 153 84 993 25 665 1.156 Santa Cruz del Sur. 767 312 15 61 69 310 The province.... • 8,825 3,104 195 1,395 26 1,069 3,036 COLORED FEMALES. Ciego do Avila... 757 1 Moron. 519 1 Nue vitas... 850 Puerto Principe.. 6,216 1 City of Puerto Principe .. 4, 250 1 Santa Cruz del Sur__ 680 The province .. 9,022 3 1 16 140 24 234 1,340 1,007 110 599 491 602 4,682 3,079 543 2 16 16 1 12 175 155 25 2 <9 1 2J 228 3 1,848 6,920 Province of Santa Clara. TOTAL POPULATION. Abreus. 3,995 1,012 149 155 16 266 2,397 Caibarien... 8,650 958 966 657 37 522 5,510 Calabazar.. 13,419 4,453 351 596 39 543 7,437 Camajuani. 14,495 4,210 685 562 35 894 8,109 Cartagena. 6,244 2,141 104 130 14 340 3,515 Ceja de Pablo.. . 6,954 1,641 130 203 12 218 4,750 Cienfuegos.-• 59,128 12,004 3,829 3,942 359 5,294 33,700 City of Cienfuegos . 30,038 901 3,065 3,221 295 5,005 18,553 Cifuentes. 3,825 986 102 162 17 200 2,358 Cruces. 7,953 980 412 529 45 1,541 4,446 Esperanza . 7,811 2,289 KM 165 15 438 4,770 Palmira. 6,527 1,124 235 241 22 903 4,002 Placetas .. 11,961 3,463 296 622 24 428 7,128 Quemado de Giiines_ 8,890 2,658 205 292 12 205 5,518 Rancho Veloz. 7,532 2,0.58 161 288 17 750 4,258 Ranchuelo. 5,059 834 171 168 14 546 3,326 Rodas... 9,562 1,907 296 263 35 1,283 5,778 Sagua la Grande. 21,342 2,049 1,284 1,774 136 3,899 12,200 City of Sagua la Grande . 12, 728 152 932 1,315 107 2,723 7,599 San Antonio de las Yueltas.. 12,832 4,151 191 203 15 582 7,690 Sancti Spiritus. 25,709 5,077 727 1,310 103 1,733 16,759 City of Sa7icti Spiritus ... 12,696 755 553 1,112 S4 1,375 8,828 San Diego del Valle. 5,369 2,004 77 40 11 94 3,143 San Fernando. 6,445 1,988 67 100 7 587 3,6i>6 San .Juan de las Yeras. 5,600 1,419 87 101 8 465 3,520 San Juan de los Remedios ... 14,833 3,056 416 798 55 1,719 8,789 Santa Clara. . 28,437 6,774 1,073 1,356 191 2,444 16,599 City of Santa Clara . 13, 763 526 972 1,257 178 2,289 8,551 Santa Isabel de las Lajas_ 9,603 2,146 288 &58 31 1,623 5,1.57 Santo Domingo. 10,372 3,385 279 249 26 587 5,846 Trinidad.. 24,271 4,440 592 1,169 86 2,129 15,855 City of Trinidad . 11,120 367 395 915 67 1,205 8,173 Yaguajay. 9,718 2,744 292 384 27 603 5,668 The province. 356,536 81,951 13,599 16,817 1,409 30,836 211,924 OCCUPATIONS 427 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Santa Clara— Continued. TOTAL MALES. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. • * Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Abreus.. 2,112 980 148 148 12 215 Caibarien--- 4,506 952 964 640 29 389 Calabazar. 7,552 4,303 . 350 575 33 270 Camajuani..-. 8,407 4,196 679 533 31 685 Cartagena.. 3,553 2,112 103 129 11 306 Ceja de Pablo. 3,486 1,564 129 203 10 191 Cienfuegos - - -.- -.- - - 32,173 11,729 3,798 3,562 272 3,492 City of Cienfuegos . lk,589 891 3,038 2,869 220 2,510 Cifuentes.. 1,938 936 102 146 11 74 Cruces.. 4,170 964 408 394 33 1,166 Esperanza.-- 4,145 2,284 134 162 9 344 Palmira.. 3,569 1,124 233 241 17 778 Placetas..... 6,481 3,449 295 593 21 321 Quemado de Giimes.. 4,762 2,579 203 290 8 115 Rancho Veloz.. 4,024 2,045 161 197 12 397 Ranchuelo.. 2,521 t 831 170 164 9 469 Rodas.-..... 5,367 1,902 295 263 25 1,182 Sagua la Grande.. 10,907 2,004 1,277 1,587 92 2,634 City of Sagua la Grande . 6,163 150 926 1,161 78 1,7k9 San Antonio las Vueltas- 7,121 4,137 191 201 10 510 Sancti Spiritus... 12,046 5,010 718 1,028 91 854 City of Sancti Spiritus ... 5,030 7k5 5k0 868 7k 632 San Diego del Valle. 2,896 1,993 77 40 8 65 San Fernando.— 3,742 1,988 67 100 5 559 San Juan de las Yeras ... 2,938 1,402 87 100 3 447 San Juan de los Remedios ... 7,605 3,044 413 655 45 1,253 Santa Clara___ 14,582 6,757 1,063 1,140 136 1,500 City of Santa Clara . 6,262 521 962 l,0kl 130 1,38 k Santa Isabel de las Lajas .... 5,606 2,146 287 356 29 1,514 Santo Domingo. 5,496 3,327 274 219 21 243 Trinidad...... 11,688 4,367 586 1,113 65 1,698 City of Trinidad . k ,516 36k 392 86k 51 880 Yaguajay. 5,664 2,741 291 381 21 519 The province. 189,057 80,866 13,503 15,160 * 1,069 22,190 TOTAL FEMALES. Abreus. Caibarien.. Calabazar.. Camajuani. Cartagena. Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos. City of Cienfuegos . Cifuentes. Cruces. Esperanza. Palmira. Placetas . Quemado do Guinea. Rancho Veloz. Ranchuelo. Rodas. Sagua la Grande ... City of Sagua la Grande . San Antonio de las Vueltas.. Sancti-Spiritus. City of Sancti-Spiritus ... San Diego del Valle. San Fernando. San Juan de las Yeras .. San Juan de los Remedios--. Santa Clara. City of Santa Clara . Santa Isabel de las Lajas .... Santo Domingo. 1,883 32 1 IV 7 4 51 4,144 6 2 17 8 133 5,867 150 1 21 6 273 6,088 14 6 29 4 209 2,691 29 1 1 3 34 3, 468 77 1 2 27 26,955 275 31 380 87 1,802 15, kk9 10 27 352 7k 1, k9k 1,887 50 16 6 126 3,783 16 4 135 12 375 3,666 5 3 6 94 2,958 2 5 125 5,480 14 1 29 3 107 4,128 79 hi 2 4 90 3,508 13 91 5 353 2,538 3 1 4 5 77 4,195 5 1 10 101 10,435 45 7 187 44 1,265 6,565 2 6 15k 29 97 k 5,711 14 2 5 72 13,663 67 9 282 12 879 7,666 9 3 2kk 10 74 3 2,473 11 3 29 2, 703 2 28 2, 662 17 1 5 18 7,228 12 3 143 10 466 13,855 17 10 216 55 944 7,501 5 10 216 IS 905 3,997 1 2' 2 109 4,876 58 5 30 5 344 Without gainful occupa¬ tion. 609 1,532 2,021 2,283 892 1,389 9,320 5,061 669 1,205 1,212 1,176 1,802 1,567 1,212 878 1,700 3.313 2,099 2,072 4,345 2,171 713 1,023 899 2,195 3,986 2,22k 1,274 1,412 3,859 1,965 1,711 56,269 1,788 3,978 5,416 5.826 2,623 3,361 24,380 13, k92 1,689 3,241 3,558 2.826 5,326 3,951 3,046 2,448 4,078 8,887 5, kOO 5,618 12,414 6,657 2,430 2,673 2,621 6,594 12,613 6,317 3,883 4,434 428 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899 Table XXIY—Continued. Province of Santa Clara— Continued. TOTAL FEMALES—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.! Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Trinidad. 12,583 73 6 56 21 431 11,996 City of Trinidad . 6,604 3 2 51 16 32k 6 ,208 Yaguajay. 4,054 3 1 3 6 84 3,957 The province.. 167,479 1,085 96 1,657 340 8,646 155,655 TOTAL NATIVE WHITE. Abreus. 2,227 454 58 70 8 58 1,579 Caibarien. 5,620 537 410 348 17 154 4.154 Calabazar. 7,600 2,222 107 1C3 15 98 4,992 Camajuani. 7,933 1,863 166 201 21 62 5,620 Cartagena. 3.852 1.146 43 64 13 160 2,426 Ceja de Pablo ...... 4.190 960 51 111 9 46 3,013 Cienfuegos..... 32,209 5,4437 1, o4o 1,769 227 1,472 21,759 City of Cienfuegos . 15, 735 334 1,260 1,433 175 1,038 11,430 Cifuentes.. 2,450 558 42 109 12 51 1,678 Cruces. .. 4,084 439 167 261 35 415 2,767 Esperanza. 5,602 1,494 65 72 10 371 3,590 Palmira. 3,238 561 112 107 14 18 2,426 Placetas... 7,214 1,795 116 225 15 159 4,904 Quemado de Guines. 5,737 1,540 76 135 9 72 3,905 Rancho Velos. 3.823 937 50 152 10 170 2, .504 Ranchuelo. 3,067 483 93 87 13 212 2,179 Rodas. 5.427 1,000 109 107 26 391 3,794 Sagua la Grande. 11,709 1,078 482 883 97 1,148 8,021 City of Saqua la Grande.. 7,045 68 350 643 75 863 5,041 San Antonio de las Vueltas.. 9,363 2,600 72 86 9 242 6,354 Sancti-Spiritus. 18,738 3,896 423 575 82 823 12,939 City of Sancti-Spiritus ... 8,170 509 336 433 65 551 6,226 San Diego del Valle. 4,098 1.508 31 18 11 36 2,494 San Fernando. 4,176 1.112 41 60 6 262 2,695 San J uan de las Yeras.. 4,105 856 41 62 8 458 2,680 San Juan de los Remedios ... • 9,094 1.799 155 384 43 584 6,129 Santa Clara.. 18,300 4.242 545 621 150 970 11,772 City of Santa Clara .. 8,276 315 4 85 566 137 343 5,330 Santa Isabel de las Lajas .... 4,872 1,059 154 156 12 562 2,929 Santo Domingo. 7,000 2,251 141 147 15 176 4,270 Trinidad. 13,746 2,608 365 441 63 1.044 9,225 City of Trinidad . 5,473 218 250 321 51 4 66 4 ,167 Yaguajay. 5,471 1,412 116 148 17 74 3,704 The province.. 214,945 45,847 5,776 7,565 967 10,288 144,502 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Abreus.. 1,047 4.53 58 70 6 53 407 Caibarien.. 2,599 535 410 337 10 131 1,176 Calabazar. 3,938 2,207 107 162 10 73 1,379 Camajuani. 4.000 1.856 164 188 17 13 1,762 Cartagena.. 2,035 1,145 42 64 10 157 617 Ceja de Pablo. 2.109 952 50 111 rt 7 44 945 Cienfuegos. 16,028 5,374 1,537 1,609 169 1,164 6,175 City of Cienfuegos . 7,04.5 SS4 1,252 1,287 ISO 836 3,206 Cifuentes. 1,206 548 42 100 rr i 29 480 Cruces... 1.951 438 167 195 25 a59 767 2,892 1,491 65 70 5 344 917 1,559 561 111 107 10 11 759 Placetas . 3,559 1,786 116 202 12 123 1.320 Quemado de Guines .. 2,893 1,539 75 134 6 34 1,105 Rancho Veloz. 1,917 936 50 86 6 113 726 Ranchuelo. 1,449 481 92 86 9 199 582 Rodas. 2, 764 998 108 107 16 378 1,157 Sagua la Grande. 5,582 1,069 479 806 61 973 2,194 City of Saqua la Grande • 3,186 67 343 591 53 709 1,413 Sau Antonio de las Vueltas.. 4,780 2,591 72 85 4 226 1,802 OCCUPATIONS 429 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Santa Clara— Continued. NATIVE WHITE MALES—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Sancti-Spiritus.. 8,770 3,871 423 408 73 588 3,407 City of Sancti-Spiritus ... 3,166 505 336 350 58 366 1,561 San Diego del Valle ... 2, 163 1,500 31 18 8 28 578 San Fernando___ 2,242 1,112 41 60 4 254 771 San Juan de las Yeras_ 2,094 842 41 61 3 447 700 San Juan de los Remedios .... 4,355 1,792 154 284 37 495 1,593 Santa Clara....- 8,994 4,231 541 489 98 785 2,850 City of Santa Clara . - 3,501 311 5 81 434 92 669 1,514 Santa Isabel de las Lajas- 2,683 1,059 154 156 10 539 765 Santo Domingo.. 3,591 2,236 138 128 10 59 1,020 Trinidad.. 6,688 2,591 364 414 43 973 2,303 City of Trinidad .. 3,250 217 250 298 36 528 1,021 Y^guajay.. 2,883 1,412 115 145 11 52 1,148 The province ... 106,771 45,606 5,747 6,682 687 8,644 39,405 NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. Abreus. Caibarien. Calabazar.. Camajuani-. Cartagena. Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos. City of Cienfuegos . Cifuentes... Cruces.... Esperanza . Palmira ... Placetas . Quemado de Giiines. Rancho Veloz... Ranchuelo. Rod as. Sagua la Grande.. City of Sagua la Grande.. San Antonio de las Vueltas.. Sancti-Spiritus. City of Sancti-Spiritus ... San Diego del Valle. San Fernando. San Juan de las Yeras. San Juan de los Remedios ... Santa Clara. City of Santa Clara . Santa Isabel de las Lajas .... Santo Domingo. Trinidad ... City of Trinidad . Yaguajay. The province. Abreus. Caibarien ..i_ Calabazar.... Camajuani. Cartagena. Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos. City of Cienfuegos Cifuentes... Cruces. 1,180 1 2 5 1,172 3; 021 2 11 7 23 2; 978 3,662 15 4 5 25 3,613 3,933 7 2 13 4 49 3,858 1,817 1 1 3 3 1,809 2,081 8 1 2 2 2,068 16,181 63 8 160 58 308 15,584 8,690 8 151 45 202 8,285 1,244 10 9 5 22 1,198 2,133 1 66 10 56 2,000 2,710 3 2 5 27 2,673 1,679 1 4 7 1,667 3,655 9 23 3 36 3; 584 2,844 1 i 1 3 38 2,800 1,906 1 66 4 57 1,778 1,618 2 1 1 4 13 1,597 2,663 9 1 10 13 2,637 6,127 9 3 77 36 175 5,827 3,859 1 2 57 22 155 3,623 4,583 9 1 5 16 4,552 9,968 25 167 9 235 9,532 5,004 4 153 7 185 5,665 1.935 8 3 8 1,916 1,934 2 8 l’924 2,011 14 1 5 11 1,980 4,739 7 1 100 6 89 4,536 9,306 n 4 132 52 185 8,922 4,775 4 4 132 45 175 5,516 2,189 2 23 2,164 3; 409 15 3 19 5 117 3; 250 7,058 17 1 27 20 71 6,922 3,223 1 23 15 38 3,156 2,588 1 3 6 22 2,556 108,174 241 29 883 280 1,644 105,097 TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE. 404 143 73 36 7 105 40 1,068 147 465 115 17 137 187 1,016 448 198 162 12 48 148 3,233 1,212 394 138 13 690 786 504 389 48 14 1 23 29 215 90 57 29 3 36 6,376 1,901 1,951 574 103 911 936 3,585 178 1,577 405 91 607 627 166 53 50 13 5 8 37 715 139 172 60 8 218 118 430 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Santa Clara— Continued. TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Esperanza . . 262 153 53 18 2 36 Palmira. 556 192 97 65 rt i 163 32 Placetas. . . 1,408 769 1.53 103 8 84 291 Quemado de Giiines. 511 223 99 87 3 25 74 Rancho Veloz. 474 248 80 47 6 2 91 Ranchuelo . . 233 105 62 22 17 27 Rodas .. 866 295 152 67 8 240 104 Sagua la Grande . 2,043 366 611 276 32 462 296 City of Sagua la Grande. . 1,137 34 44 6 16h 27 280 ISO San Antonio de las Vueltas.. 1,864 1.089 106 54 6 175 434 Sancti-Spiritus. 666 189 236 72 14 47 108 City of Sancti-Spiritus _ 391 39 177 51 12 47 65 San Diego del Valle_ 212 137 .33 3 32 San Fernando. 594 287 26 27 1 164 89 San Juan de las Yeras. 189 110 35 13 31 San Juan de los Remedios... 1.436 615 199 86 11 271 254 Santa Clara. 1,972 811 407 86 32 267 369 City of Santa Clara . 915 4 6 368 70 32 265 134 Santa Isabel de las Lajas_ 565 344 74 69 6 4 68 Santo Domingo. 431 218 98 31 9 5 70 Trinidad.. 539 203 171 35 18 32 80 City of Trinidad . 247 17 113 15 13 32 57 Yaguajay.. 1,305 465 148 86 10 341 255 The province. 29,823 11,341 6,248 2,388 342 4,446 5,058 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. Abreus. Caibarien. Calabazar._... Oamajuani.. Cartagena. Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos. City of Cienfuegos . Cifuentes. Cruces. Esperanza... Palmira... Placetas . Quemado de Giiines... Rancho Veloz. Ranchuelo. Rodas. Sag\ia la Grande. City of Sagua la Grande.. San Antonio de las Vueltas.. Sancti Spiritus. City of Sancti Spiritus ... San Diego del Yalle. San Fernando. San Juan de las Yeras. San J uan de los Remedios.._ Santa Clara. City of Santa Clara . Santa Isabel de las Lajas .... Santo Domingo. Trinidad. City of Trinidad . Yaguajay. The province.. 367 143 72 903 147 464 888 447 198 2.496 1.209 390 486 389 48 185 90 57 5,537 1,896 1,932 2,900 177 1,562 133 53 50 616 139 169 237 153 53 533 192 96 1.141 767 152 443 223 98 400 246 80 221 105 62 767 294 152 1,768 :566 008 967 34 443 1,463 1.086 106 589 188 236 343 39 177 184 137 33 513 287 26 165 110 35 1,199 615 199 1,658 811 402 807 4 6 363 509 344 74 374 217 96 479 203 171 207 17 113 1,082 465 148 25,336 11,322 6,207 36 5 105 6 114 16 132 30 162 11 48 99 135 13 672 77 14 1 23 ii 29 3 6 560 87 871 101 393 75 o7U 119 13 4 r* i 6 60 6 217 25 18 9 11 65 6 162 12 103 8 4 0 36 87 2 24 9 46 5 23 22 17 15 67 8 236 10 272 26 450 16 161 22 273 34 54 6 160 51 71 13 45 36 50 11 4 5 21 3 t 4 27 13 1 104 S 85 4 2»i3 CO 85 32 261 67 69 32 261 36 09 6 o 14 31 9 21 :u 18 32 21 1U 13 32 18 86 10 339 34 ;ioi 305 4,312 829 OCCUPATIONS 431 Table XXIV.— Continued. Province of Santa Clara— Continued. FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Abreus_ 37 1 2 34 Oaibarien __ _ _ _ 165 1 1 i 5 157 Calabazar _ _ 128 1 i 126 Camajuani.. 737 3 4 3 18 709 Cartagena _ _ _ 18 18 Cejade Pablo__ 30 30 Cienfuegos.. .... 839 5 19 14 16 40 745 City of Cienfuegos.. .. 585 1 15 12 16 33 508 Cifn en t.es _ _ _ _ 33 1 1 31 Cruces _ _ _ 99 3 2 1 93 Esperanza__.__ 25 25 Palmira _ _ __ 23 1 i 1 20 Placetas _ ___ 267 2 1 9 255 Qnemado do Giiines. __ _ 68 1 i 1 65 Rancho Veloz _ _ 74 2 1 i 2 68 Ranchuelo_ 12 12 Rodas 99 1 4 94 Sagua la Grande ._ _. 275 3 4 6 12 250 City of Sagua la Grande.. no 3 3 5 7 152 San Antonio de las Vueltas.. 401 3 15 383 Saneti Rpiritus __ i 7 1 1 1 2 72 City of Sancti Spiritus ... 5 8 1 1 2 44 San Diego del Valle 28 28 San Fernando 81 81 San Juan de las Yeras .. 24 24 San Juan de los Remedios_ 237 1 4 8 224 Santa Clara _ _ . _ 314 5 1 6 302 City of Santa Clara . . 108 5 1 4 98 Santa Isabel de las L&jas .... 56 2 54 Santo Domingo.. . 57 1 2 5 49 Trinidad_.... _ 60 1 59 City of Trinulaxl. .. 40 1 39 Yaguaiav.. 223 2 221 The province.. 4,487 19 41 ~ t «>7 134 4,229 TOTAL COLORED. Abreus .. 1,364 415 18 49 1 103 778 Caibarien. 1,962 274 91 194 3 231 1,169 Calabazar ..... 4,803 1,783 46 268 12 397 2,297 Camajuani..__ 3,329 1,135 125 223 1 142 1,703 Cartagena ... . 1,888 606 13 52 157 1,060 Ceja de Pablo... 2,549 591 22 63 172 1,701 Cienfuegos.. 20,543 4,666 333 1,599 29 2,911 11,005 City of Cienfuegos. . 10,818 389 228 1,378 28 2,359 6,536 Cifuentes ... 1,209 375 10 40 141 643 Cruces.. 3,154 402 73 208 2 908 1,561 Esperanza.. 1,947 612 16 75 3 67 1.144 Palmira. 2,733 371 26 69 1 722 1,544 Placetas .. 3,339 899 27 294 1 185 1,9:33 Quemado de Giiines. 2,642 895 30 70 108 1,539 Pancho Veloz... 3,235 873 31 89 1 578 1,663 Ranchuelo. 1,759 246 16 59 1 317 1,120 Rodas... 3,269 612 35 89 1 652 1,880 Sagua la Grande. 7,590 605 191 615 7 2,289 3,883 City of Sagua la Grande.. 4,546 50 136 503 5 1,580 2,272 San Antonio de las Vueltas.. 1,605 462 13 63 165 902 Sancti Spiritus. 6,305 992 68 663 7 863 3,712 City of Sancti Spiritus.... 4 ,135 206 30 578 7 777 2,537 San Diego del Valle. 1.059 359 13 19 51 617 San Fernando... 1,675 589 13 161 912 San Juan de las Yeras. 1,306 453 11 26 7 809 San Juan de los Remedios ... 4, .‘303 642 62 328 i 864 2,4(Hi Santa Clara.... 8,165 1,721 121 649 9 1,207 4,458 City of Santa Clara _. 4 ,572 165 119 621 .9 1,181 2,577 Santa Isabel de las Lajas .... 4,166 743 60 133 13 1,057 2,160 432 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXIY—Continued. Province of Santa Clara— Continued. TOTAL COLORED—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. "Withoxit gainful occupa¬ tion. Santo Domingo. 2,941 916 40 71 2 406 1,506 Trinidad... 9,986 1,629 56 693 5 1,053 6,550 City of Trinidad . 5,400 132 81 570 3 7 06 3.940 Yaeruaiav..... 2,942 867 28 150 188 1,709 The province.. 111,768 24,763 1,575 6,864 100 16,102 62,364 COLORED MALES. Abreus. 698 384 18 42 1 57 196 Caibarien. 1,004 270 90 , 189 3 126 326 Calabazar. 2,726 1,649 45 251 12 149 620 Cama j uani... 1,911 1,131 125 210 1 444 Cartagena _ R032 578 13 51 — 126 264 Ceja de Pablo _ 1.192 522 22 63 147 438 Cienfuegos . 10,608 4,459 329 1,393 16 1,457 2,9.54 City of Cienfuegos . 4,644 380 22k 1,189 15 1,100 1,736 Cifuentes_ 599 335 10 33 38 183 Cruces. 1,603 387 72 139 2 590 413 Esperanza _ 1,016 640 16 74 2 284 Palmira.. 1.477 371 26 69 i 605 405 Placetas.-.. 1.781 896 27 288 i 123 446 Qnemadn de Giiines. _ 1.426 817 30 69 453 Rancho Veloz. 1,707 863 31 65 i 284 463 Ranchuelo_ 851 245 16 56 253 281 Rodas... 1,836 610 35 89 i 568 533 Sagua la Grande ---- 3,557 569 190 509 5 1,211 1,073 City of Saqua la Grande.. 2,010 49 135 4 09 3 767 647 San Antonio de las Vueltas.. 878 460 13 62 124 219 Sancti Spiritus. 2,687 951 59 549 5 221 902 City of Sancti Spiritus .... 1,521 201 27 47 8 5 221 589 San Diego del Valle_ 549 356 13 19 30 131 San Fernando 987 589 13 141 244 San Juan de las Yeras .. 679 450 11 26 192 San Juan de los Remedios ... 2,051 637 60 286 1 495 572 Santa Clara. 3,930 1,715 120 566 6 454 l,0o9 City of Santa Clara . l,95h 164 118 538 6 454 674 Santa Isabel de las Lajas- 2,414 743 59 131 13 973 495 Santo Domingo.... 1,531 874 40 60 o 184 371 Trinidad. 4.521 1,573 51 665 4 693 1,535 City of Trinidad . 2,059 130 29 552 2 L20 926 Yaguajav. 1,699 864 28 150 128 529 The province.. 56,950 23,938 1,549 6,117 77 9,234 16,035 COLORED FEMALES. Abreus. Caibarien. Calabazar. Camajuani. Cartagena. Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos . City of Cienfuegos . Cifuentes. Cruces.... Esperanza. Palmira. Placetas . § uemado de Giiines. ancho Veloz. Ranchuelo. Rodas. Sagua la Grande. City of Sagua la Grande.. 666 31 46 958 4 1 5 105 2,077 134 1 17 248 1,418 4 13 _ 142 856 28 1 31 1,357 69 25 9,935 207 4 206 13 1,454 6 , 17k 9 4 189 13 1,259 610 40 rr i 103 1,551 15 1 69 318 931 2 1 i 67 1,256 117 1.55 s 3 6 62 1.216 78 .. 1 51 1.528 10 24 294 908 1 3 1 64 1. 433 2 84 4,033 36 1 106 2 1,078 2,536 1 1 9k 0 813 582 813 1,(577 1,259 796 1,263 8,051 U, 700 460 1,118 8(50 1.139 1,487 1,086 1,200 839 1,347 2,810 1,635 OCCUPATIONS 433 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Santa Clara— Continued. COLORED FEMALES—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. San Antonio de las Vueltas.. 727 2 1 41 683 Sancti Spiritus.. 3,618 41 9 114 2 642 2,810 City of Sancti Spiritus .._ 2,61l* 5 3 100 2 556 1,91*8 San Diego del Valle__ 510 3 21 486 San Fernando . _ 688 20 668 Spti .Timn de las Veras _ 627 3 7 617 San Juan de los Remedios ... 2,252 5 2 42 369 1,834 Santa Clara.---...- 4,235 6 1 83 3 753 3,389 City of Santa Clara . 2,618 1 1 83 3 727 1,803 Santa Isabel fie las Lajas_ 1.752 1 2 84 1,665 Santo Domine’o . . _ _ _ l” 410 42 11 222 1,135 Trinidad.... 5,465 56 5 28 1 380 5,015 City of Trinidad . 3,31*1 2 2 27 1 286 3,023 Vafmaiav _ _ _ 1,243 3 60 1,180 The province.. 54,818 825 26 747 23 6,868 46,329 Province of Santiago. TOTAL POPULATION. Alto Songo. 12,770 4,348 151 249 17 291 7,714 Baracoa. 21,944 4,539 528 480 60 876 15,461 Bayamo—.... 21,193 4,675 330 322 36 511 15,319 Campechuela. 7,369 2,228 178 214 11 149 4,589 Caney . 9,126 2,840 185 436 27 769 4,869 Cobre. 10. 707 2.845 129 417 15 118 7,183 Cristo. 1,194 160 52 71 10 94 807 Gibara... 31,594 7,184 888 1,097 74 1,029 21,322 Guantanamo... 28,063 5,920 834 1,644 77 1,591 17,997 Holguin.. 34,506 8,960 566 676 73 565 23,666 Jiguani.. 10,495 2,010 107 108 9 417 7,844 Manzanillo... 32,288 5,904 1,283 1,688 100 1,455 21,858 City of Manzanillo. . 11*, 1*61* 566 1,129 1.1*39 90 1,371 9,869 Mayari... 8,504 1,848 133 148 16 231 6.128 Niquero.- -. 2, 718 409 72 38 7 197 1,995 Palma Soriano. 12,305 3,829 150 157 11 103 8,055 Puerto Padre. 19,984 4,651 291 316 31 485 14,210 Sagua de Tanamo.. 5, 796 1,530 95 85 5 99 3,982 San Luis.. 11,681 2,902 219 352 20 310 7.878 Santiago de Cuba.. 45,478 1,917 3,079 6,397 429 5,595 28,061 City of Santiago de Cuba. 1*3,090 1,1*19 3,063 6,381 1*29 5,1*1*9 26,31*1 The province. 327,715 68,699 9,270 14,895 1,028 14,885 218,938 TOTAL MALES. Alto Songo... 6,525 3,636 146 192 14 202 2,335 Baracoa. 11.141 4,517 525 472 45 592 4,990 Bayamo... 10,311 4,656 327 321 21 411 4,575 Campechuela.... 4,107 2,221 176 211 9 113 1,377 Caney..... 5,478 2,814 180 402 26 612 1,444 Cobre... 5,443 2,795 127 404 15 62 2,040 Cristo. 563 158 51 66 9 61 218 Gibara... 16,126 7,146 884 1,076 58 690 6,272 Guantanamo. 14,476 5,721 831 1,540 64 1,174 5,146 Holguin.. 17,020 8,938 560 626 59 332 6,505 Jiguani.. 5,104 2,006 107 107 fi 7 405 2,472 Manzanillo.... 15,666 5,886 1,276 1,563 70 1,012 5,859 City of Manzanillo . 6,518 565 1,122 1,315 65 958 2,1*93 Mayari... 4,280 1,843 1.33 147 16 186 1,955 Niouero .... 1.373 408 72 37 6 187 663 Palma Soriano .. ... 6,396 3,800 150 152 10 52 2,232 Puerto Padre..__ 9,940 4,627 291 313 27 425 4,257 24662 - 28 434 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CURA, 1899 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Santiago— Continued. TOTAL MALES—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] Districts. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. • Sagua de Tanamo. 2.973 1,526 94 83 3 40 1.227 San Luis. 5,805 2.857 215 283 13 167 2.270 Santiago de Cuba__ 21.118 1.888 2,995 4,996 317 3,439 7,483 City of Santiago de Cuba. 19,922 1, S90 2,979 k,980 317 3,299 6,957 The province.. 163,845 67,443 9,140 12,991 789 10,162 63,320 TOTAL FEMALES. Alto Songo. 6.245 712 5 57 3 89 5,379 Baracoa . 10,803 22 3 8 15 284 10.471 Bayamo... 10,882 19 3 1 15 100 10,744 Campechuela.. 3.262 7 2 3 2 36 3.212 Caney . 3,648 26 5 ai 1 157 3,425 Cobre .. .... 5,264 50 2 13 _ 56 5,143 Cristo...... '631 2 1 5 1 33 589 Gibara........ 15,468 38 4 21 16 339 15,050 Guantanamo-- 13,587 199 3 104 13 417 12.851 Holguin ... 17,486 22 6 50 14 233 17,161 Jiguani .. 5.391 4 .. 1 2 12 5.372 Manzanillo.. 16,622 18 7 125 30 443 15.999 City of Manzanillo . . 7,946 1 7 12k 25 kl3 7,376 Mavari .... . 4.224 5 _ 1 . . 45 4,173 Niquero.... 1.345 i. 1 1 10 L332 Palma Soriano.. 5.909 29 . 5 1 51 5.823 Puerto Padre__ 10.044 24 1.. 3 4 60 9.953 Sagua de Tanamo. 2.823 4 1 1 2 2 59 2,755 San Luis..... . 5.876 45 4 69 7 143 5,608 Santiago de Cuba. 24.360 29 ; 84 1,401 112 2.156 20.578 City of Santiago de Cuba. 23,168 29 1 8k 1,401 112 2,150 19,392 The province .. 163,870 1,256 130 1,904 239 4,723 155,618 TOTAL NATIVE WHITE. Alto Songo. 2.971 806 89 52 14 90 1.920 Baracoa.. 9.394 2,232 205 129 41 52 6,7:35 Bayamo. 11.110 2,598 224 108 31 161 7,988 Campechuela .. 3,971 1.118 120 95 7 54 2,577 Caney. 2,616 660 60 90 11 14 1,781 Cobre.. 2,259 578 52 67 8 2 1,552 Cristo. 510 65 27 15 6 21 376 Gibara.. 24.244 5.398 515 527 47 744 ; 7.013 Guantanamo. 7,028 1,326 271 299 41 28 5.063 Holguin . 29.610 7,746 383 308 52 426 20,695 Jiguani ... 6,179 1.198 79 23 6 228 4.645 Manzanillo.. 18,115 3.197 709 647 75 582 12.905 City of Manzanillo . 8,333 321 603 576 67 570 6.196 Mayan.. 5,143 1.L30 68 52 10 125 3.7.58 Niquero. 1,863 252 44 23 5 159 1,380 Palma Soriano. 5.947 1,827 87 42 9 18 3.9ft! Puerto Padre. 14.659 3.248 198 135 24 455 10,599 Sagua de Tanamo. 3,500 941 48 28 30 2.451 San Luis.... 2.967 595 97 95 13 48 2.119 Santiago de Cuba. 15. 711 509 1.320 1.298 313 972 11,299 City of Santiago de Cuba. 15, 258 k 02 1,313 1,296 313 9k6 10,988 The province ... 167,797 35,424 4.596 4,033 715 4,209 118.820 OCCUPATIONS 435 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Santiago— Continued. NATIVE WHITE MALES. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] District. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Alto Songo. 1.544 753 85 32 11 83 580 Baracoa . 4.765 2,224 204 128 26 2,183 Bayamo .... 5,386 2,590 222 108 16 141 2,309 Campechuela.--- 2,151 1,114 118 92 5 44 778 Caney.-... 1,365 659 58 79 10 557 Cobre .... 1.191 576 51 65 8 491 Cristo _ 243 65 27 15 5 17 114 Gibara _ 12.164 5,372 513 510 34 636 5,099 Guantanamo __ 3,489 1,319 271 293 31 1,575 Holguin.... 14; 468 7,724 381 290 39 332 5,702 Jiguani_ _ 3,022 1.195 79 23 5 225 1,495 Manzanillo_ 8,491 3,186 706 584 49 446 3,520 City of Manzanillo . . 3,565 321 600 513 4 5 446 1,650 Mayari--- 2,590 1,125 68 52 10 113 1,222 Niquero _ 940 251 44 22 5 152 466 Palma Soriano ... 3,064 1,814 87 40 8 13 1,102 Puerto Padre.-- 7,279 3,234 198 133 21 425 3,268 Sagua de Tanamo_ 1,759 940 48 27 13 731 San Luis.... 1,440 592 97 66 8 40 637 Santiago de Cuba... 6,943 507 1,311 861 217 843 3,204 City of Santiago de Cuba. 6,702 4 00 1,305 859 217 817 3,105 The province.. 82,292 35,240 4,568 3,420 508 3,523 35,033 NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. AltoSongo.. .. . Baracoa.-. Bayamo.... Campechuela.. Caney... Cobre.. Cristo.. Gibara. Guantanamo... Holguin.-. Jiguani... Manzanillo... City of Manzanillo . Mayari. Niquero.... Palma Soriano. Puerto Padre. Sagua de Tanamo. San Luis. Santiago de Cuba__ City of Santiago de Cuba. The province. 1.427 53 4 20 3 7 1,340 4,629 8 1 1 15 52 4,552 5, 724 8 2 15 20 5,679 1,820 4 2 3 2 10 1,799 1,253 1 2 11 1 14 1,224 1.068 2 1 2 2 1,061 267 1 4 262 12,080 26 2 17 13 108 11,914 3,539 7 6 10 28 3,488 15,142 22 2 18 13 94 14,993 3,157 3 1 3 3,150 9,624 11 3 63 26 136 9,385 4 ,768 3 63 22 125 5,556 2,553 5 12 2,536 '923 i 1 7 '914 2,883 13 2 1 5 2,862 7,380 14 2 3 30 7,331 1,741 1 1 2 17 1,720 1.527 3 29 5 8 1,482 8,768 2 9 437 96 129 8,095 8,556 2 9 4 37 96 129 7,883 85,505 184 28 613 207 686 83,787 TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE. Alto Songo.. 232 143 29 5 27 28 Baracoa..... 613 243 186 41 14 48 86 Bayamo.... 219 116 66 14 5 2 16 Campechuela. 318 207 40 28 3 27 13 Caney. 1,692 921 101 97 15 489 69 Cobre... 244 131 26 32 5 22 28 Cristo... 77 10 19 8 3 22 15 Gibara.. 1,505 645 305 116 23 64 352 Guantanamo_ 1,843 581 455 118 27 337 225 Holguin--- 681 348 144 49 18 2 120 Jiguani___ 63 41 11 7 1 3 Manzanillo........ 1.224 248 443 159 20 186 168 City of Manzanillo . . 919 65 507 115 18 186 128 436 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Santiago— Continued. TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE-Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] District. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and min¬ ing. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Mayari... 134 58 46 9 4 17 Niquero. 62 17 23 9 2 8 3 Palma Soriano. 128 76 24 9 5 14 Puerto Padre.. 267 141 78 19 4 25 Sagua de Tanamo. 83 31 34 7 3 2 6 San Luis ... 465 194 76 23 4 45 123 Santiago de Cuba-- 3,458 241 1,212 276 68 924 737 City of Santiago de Cuba. 3, 44 0 232 1,210 276 68 918 736 The province ... 13,313 4,392 3,318 1,026 219 2,201 2,148 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. Alto Songo..... 208 139 29 5 27 8 Baracoa.. 542 242 186 41 14 40 19 Bayamo___ 207 115 66 14 5 7 Campechuela--- 306 207 40 28 3 27 1 Caney.. 1,629 921 98 96 15 486 13 Cobre... 999 131 26 31 5 21 8 Cristo... 65 10 19 8 3 22 3 Gibara.. 1,194 643 304 116 22 54 55 Guantanamo-- 1,569 579 455 115 26 333 61 Holguin.... 573 348 143 48 18 16 .Tigna.ni _ . _ 60 41 11 7 1 Manzanillo ... 1,080 246 443 157 17 179 38 City of Manzanillo . . 810 64 4 07 113 16 179 31 M ayari 119 58 46 9 4 2 Niquero .... 57 17 23 9 1 7 Palma Soriano 116 76 24 9 5 2 Puerto Padre .. 249 141 78 19 3 8 Sagua de Tanamo-- 80 31 34 7 3 2 3 San Luis. 358 193 76 22 4 43 20 Santiago de Cuba- 2,812 241 1,197 254 63 888 169 City of Santiago de Cuba. 2, 795 232 1,195 255 63 882 169 The province.. 11,446 4,379 3,298 995 207 2,134 433 FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. Alto Songo. Baracoa. Bayamo. Campechuela. Caney. Cobre. Cristo. Gibara. Guantanamo.. Holguin... Jiguani.. Manzanillo . City of Manzanillo . Mayan. Niquero . Palma Soriano. Puerto Padre. Sagua de T&namo. San Luis.. Santiago de Cuba. City of Santiago de Cuba. The province. Alto Songo .. Baracoa. Bayamo. Campechuela Caney. 24 4 76 1 8 12 1 2 12 63 3 1 3 22 1 1 12 311 2 1 1 10 274 2 3 1 4 108 1 1 2 3 144 2 2 3 i 109 1 2 <9 7 15 5 1 1 12 18 1 3 107 1 1 2 646 15 Q*> Am 5 36 645 15 22 5 36 1,867 13 20 31 12 TOTAL COLORED. 9,567 3,399 33 192 3 174 11,932 2,064 137 310 5 776 5), 8*'>4 1,961 40 200 :148 3,080 903 18 91 • i 68 4,818 1,259 24 249 1 266 30 67 9 13 56 20 13 297 264 104 3 130 97 15 3 12 17 3 103 568 567 1,715 5,766 8,640 7,315 1,5199 3,019 OCCUPATIONS 437 Table XXIV—Continued. Province of Santiago— Continued. TOTAL COLORED—Continued. [Figures in italics are included in those for the province or district.] District. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Domes¬ tic and personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Cobre. 8,204 2,136 51 318 2 94 5,603 Cristo. 607 85 6 48 1 51 416 Gibara. 5,845 1,141 68 454 4 221 3,957 Guantanamo. 19,192 4, 013 108 1,227 9 1,226 12,609 Holguin.-. 4,215 866 39 319 3 137 2,851 Jiguani .. 4,253 771 17 78 2 189 3,198 Manzanillo.. 12,949 2,459 131 882 5 687 8,785 City of Manzanillo . . 5,212 180 119 7 58 5 615 3,555 Mayari. 3,227 660 19 87 2 106 2,353 Niquero 793 140 5 6 30 612 Palma Soriano. 6,230 1,926 39 106 2 80 4,077 Puerto Padre..... 5,058 1,262 15 162 3 30 3,586 Sagua do Taua.mn __ .. 2,213 558 13 50 67 1,525 San Luis... 8; 249 2,113 46 234 3 217 5,636 Santiago de Cuba_ 26,309 1,167 547 4,823 48 3,699 16,025 City of Santiago de Cuba. 25,392 785 550 5,809 58 3,585 15,625 The province. 146,605 28,883 1,356 9,836 94 8,466 97,970 COLORED MALES. Alto Songo. . 4,773 2,744 32 155 3 92 1,747 Baracoa. . ... 5,834 2,051 135 303 5 552 2,788 Bayamo . _ 4,718 1,650 1,951 900 39 199 270 2,259 598 Campechuela. 18 91 1 42 Caney. 2,486 1,234 24 227 1 126 874 Cobre. 4,030 2,088 50 308 2 41 1,541 Cristo. . 255 83 5 43 1 22 101 Gibara . ... . 2,768 9,418 1,131 3,823 67 450 2 1,118 3,510 Guantanamo . 105 1,132 7 841 Holguin ... 1,979 2,022 866 36 288 2 787 Jiguani .. . . .. 770 17 47 1 180 977 Manzanillo. 6,095 2,454 127 822 4 387 2,301 City of Manzanillo . 2,153 180 115 689 5 333 822 Mayari .. 1,571 660 19 86 2 73 731 Niquero .. 376 140 5 6 28 197 Palma Soriano . 3,216 1,910 39 103 2 34 1 , 128 Puerto Padre . 2,412 1,134 4,007 1,252 555 15 161 3 981 Sagua de Tanamo _ 12 49 25 493 San Luis .. 2,072 42 195 1 84 1,613 Santiago de Cuba _ 11,363 1,140 487 3,881 37« 1,708 4,110 City of Santiago de Cuba. 10,525 758 580 3,867 37 1,600 3,683 The province .. 70,107 27,824 1,274 8,576 74 4,505 27,854 COLORED FEMALES. Alto Songo. 4,794 655 1 37 82 4,019 Baracoa.. 6,098 13 2 7 224 5,852 Bayamo... 5; 146 10 1 1 78 5,056 Campechuela... 1,430 3 26 1,401 Cane'y.. 2’332 25 22 140 2,145 Cobre.. 4; 174 48 1 10 53 4,062 Cristo... '352 2 1 5 29 '315 Gibara... 3,077 10 1 4 2 221 2,839 Guantanamo. 9,774 190 3 95 2 385 9,099 Holguin_ ___ 2,236 3 31 1 137 2,064 Jiguani. 2j231 1 1 1 9 2,219 Manzanillo. 6,854 5 4 60 1 300 6,484 City of Manzanillo _ 3,069 5 59 1 282 2, 723 Mayari..... 1,656 1 33 1,622 Niquero... '417 2 '415 Palma Soriano. 3,014 16 3 46 2,949 Puerto Padre... 2,646 10 1 30 2,605 Sagua de T&namo.. 1.079 3 1 1 42 1,032 San Luis.... 4; 242 41 4 39 2 1353 4,023 Santiago de Cuba.... 14,946 27 60 942 11 1,991 11,915 City of Santiago de Cuba. 13,961 27 60 952 11 1,985 10,952 The province. 76,498 1,059 82 1,260 20 3,961 70,116 438 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age , sex, and race. CUBA. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total -. 1,572,797 299,197 79,427 93,034 8,736 141,936 950,467 Under 10 years ... 356.987 1.193 46 91 3 720 354,934 10 to 14 years.. 220.049 35,881 2,445 4,578 29 11.256 165,860 15 to 19 years. 178,035 43,303 10,057 14,465 342 18.781 91,087 20 to 24 years ---- 152,959 37,963 13,301 14,343 915 19,410 67,027 25 to 29 years. 137,405 34,379 11,853 13,680 1,241 18,742 57,510 30 to 34 years. 118,812 30,709 10,261 11,729 1.326 16,459 48,328 35 to 44 years..... 185,056 50,413 16,304 17, 617 2,285 25,159 73,278 45 to 54 years... 117,528 33,625 9,236 9,810 1,498 16.646 46.713 55 to 64 years.... 68,182 20,642 4,381 4,963 739 9,862 27,595 G5 years and over.. 37,784 11,089 1,543 1,758 a >8 4,901 18,135 Total males. 815,205 292,331 78,766 82,012 7,096 95.769 259,231 Under 10 years.. 180,690 1.149 45 80 3 361 179.052 10 to 14 years.. 112.399 35,458 2,432 3,953 17 7,538 63.001 15 to 19 years. 84,346 42,751 9,994 11,651 167 12. 740 7,043 20 to 24 years.... 79,008 37,489 13,217 12,184 577 14,048 1,493 25 to 29 years .. 73,206 33,817 11,771 12,109 942 13,494 1,073 30 to 34 years. 64,023 30,065 10,184 10,570 1,129 11,178 897 35 to 44 years.... 101,305 48,980 16,171 16,033 1.963 16,420 1,738 45 to 54 years. 64,096 32,385 9,127 9,101 . 1,329 10,521 1,633 55 to 64 years .. 37,099 19,738 4,322 4,671 640 6,306 1.422 65 years and over- 19,0:33 10,499 1,503 1,660 329 3,163 1.879 Total females.. 757,592 6,866 661 11,022 1,640 46,167 691.236 Under 10 years __ 176.297 44 1 11 a59 175,882 10 to 14 years ... 107,650 423 13 625 12 3,718 102.859 15 to 19 years .. 93,689 552 63 2,814 175 6,041 84.044 20 to 24 years. 73,951 474 84 2,159 338 5,362 65,534 25 to 29 years... 64,199 562 82 1,571 299 5,248 56,437 30 to 34 years. 54, 789 644 77 1,159 197 5.281 47,431 35 to 44 years.. 83,751 1.433 133 1,584 322 8 ,739 71,540 45 to 54 years... 53,432 1.240 109 709 169 6,125 45,080 55 to 64 years ... 31.083 904 59 292 99 3,556 26,173 65 years and over..... 18,751 590 40 98 29 1,738 16,256 Total native white ... 910,299 166,960 29,434 39,684 5,950 47,221 621.050 Under 10 years_ _ 236,504 725 32 & 1 210 235,502 10 to 14 years__ 146,928 25,162 1.710 2,204 15 5,424 112,413 15 to 19 years__ 114,092 29,057 5,630 7,134 267 8,606 63,398 20 to 24 years ... 88.503 23,341 4,898 6,656 685 7,731 45. 192 25 to 29 years__ 74,111 19,703 3,893 5,779 842 6,429 3 4 ,4i>o 30 to 34 years__ 63,008 17,316 3,588 4.863 911 5,343 30.987 35 to 44 years .... 95.001 27,128 5,595 7,216 1,602 7,447 46,013 45 to 54 years. 52,838 14.657 2,555 3,621 961 3.680 27,364 55 to 64 years_... _ 26.690 6.969 1,123 1,618 448 1,705 14.827 65 years and over.. 12,624 2,902 410 559 218 646 7,889 Native white males. 447,373 166,277 29,218 35,067 4,680 39,123 173,008 Under 10 years. 120,548 710 31 28 1 129 119,649 10 to 14 years.. . 75,170 24,998 1.705 1.893 4 4,340 42.230 15 to 19 years. 52,818 28,916 5,595 5,849 110 7,091 5 257 20 to 24 years. 42,091 23,285 4,848 5,777 401 6,624 1,156 25 to 29 years. 35,588 19,639 3,869 5,223 621 5,520 716 30 to 34 years.. 31.054 17,262 3,569 4.416 765 4.424 618 35 to 44 years_ ... ... 47.705 27,044 5,552 6,532 1,367 6,077 1.133 45 to 54 years. 25,192 14,596 2,526 3,324 m 3,007 904 55 to 64 years.. 11,996 6 ,933 1,114 1,499 377 1,374 699 65 years and over_ 5,211 2,894 409 526 199 537 646 Native white females . 462,926 683 216 4,617 1,270 8,098 448,042 Under 10 years . 115,956 15 1 6 81 115.853 10 to 14 years... 71.758 164 5 311 11 1,084 70.183 15 to 19 years.. 61,274 141 35 1,285 157 1,515 58,111 20 to 24 years.. 46,412 56 50 879 284 1.107 44,036 25 to 29 years. 38,523 64 24 556 £>1 909 36. 749 30 to 34 years. 31.954 54 19 447 146 919 30,369 35 to 44 years. ..._ 47,296 84 43 684 235 1,370 44.880 45 to 54 years. 27,646 61 29 297 126 673 26,460 55 to 64 years. . 14,694 36 9 119 71 an 14,120 65 years aud over .. 7,413 8 1 33 19 109 7.245 OCCUPATIONS 439 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age , sex , and race —Continued. CUB A—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan icalin¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white ... 142,098 31,270 42,368 14,703 2,232 23,237 28,288 Under 10 years. 2,918 11 4 3 1 13 2,886 10 to 14 vears. 2, 764 311 428 88 5 170 1,762 15 to 19 years --- 8,307 1.361 3,648 609 28 1,037 1,624 20 to 24 years.- 20 ,1% 4,564 7,564 1,691 161 3,516 2,699 25 to 29 years..- 23,030 5,581 7,087 2,628 310 4,320 3,104 30 to 34 years.- 19,675 4.720 5,886 2,310 341 3,654 2,764 35 to 44 years.. 31,512 7,405 9,460 3,782 562 5,485 4,818 45 to 54 years. 19,314 4,372 5,291 2,186 459 3,089 3,917 55 to 64 years ... 9,820 2,092 2,238 1,064 241 1,429 2,756 65 years and over. 4,563 853 762 342 124 524 1,958 Foreign white males. 115,740 31,214 42,123 14,347 1,937 21,484 4,635 Under 10 years... 1,486 11 4 3 1 8 1,459 10 to 14 years. 1,648 310 422 81 4 137 694 15 to 19 years... 6,708 1,360 3,624 572 20 954 178 20 to 24 years. 17,285 4,560 7,537 1,642 126 3,307 113 25 to 29 years _.. 19,647 5,571 7,040 2,578 255 4,037 166 30 to 34 years.. 16,646 4,712 5,847 2,263 298 3,392 134 35 to 44 years.. 26,449 7,390 9,405 3,712 482 5,074 386 45 to 54 years.- 15,515 4,367 5,264 2,134 421 2,822 507 55 to 64 years_ 7,327 2,085 2,222 1,029 216 1,286 489 65 years and over_ 3,029 848 758 333 114 467 509 Foreign white females.. 26,358 56 245 356 295 1,753 23,653 Under 10 years 1,432 5 1,427 10 to 14 years.. i; lie 1 6 7 1 33 U068 15 to 19 years. 1,599 1 24 37 8 83 1,446 20 to 24 vears .. 2,910 4 27 49 35 209 2,586 25 to 29 years .. 3,383 10 47 50 55 283 2,938 30 to 34 years. 3,029 8 39 47 43 262 2,630 35 to 44 years... 5,063 15 55 70 80 411 4,432 45 to 54 years. 3,799 5 27 52 38 267 3,410 55 to 64 years__ 2,493 7 16 35 25 143 2,267 65 years and over. 1,534 5 4 9 10 57 1,449 Total colored- 520,400 100,967 7,625 38,647 554 71,478 301,129 Under 10 years. 117,565 457 10 54 1 497 116,546 10 to 14 years.. 70,357 10,408 307 2,286 9 5,662 51,685 15 to 19 years. 55,636 12,885 779 6,722 47 9,138 26,065 20 to 24 years... 44,261 10,058 839 5,996 69 8,163 19,136 25 to 29 years. 40,264 9,095 873 5,273 89 7,993 16,941 30 to 34 years. 36,129 8,673 787 4,556 74 7,462 14,577 35 to 44 years. 58,543 15,880 1,249 6,619 121 12,227 22,447 45 to 54 years. 45,376 14,596 1,390 4,003 78 9,877 15,432 55 to 64 years. 31,672 11,581 1,020 2,281 50 6,728 10,012 65 years and over- 20,597 7,334 371 857 16 3,731 8,288 Colored males. 252,092 94,840 7,425 32,598 479 35,162 81,588 Under 10 years. 58,656 428 10 49 1 224 57,944 10 to 14 years. 35,581 10,150 305 1,979 9 3,061 20,077 15 to 19 years. 24,820 12,475 775 5,230 37 4,695 1,608 0 to 24 vears. 19,632 9,644 832 4, 765 50 4,117 224 25 to 29 years. 17,971 8,607 862 4,308 66 ' 3,937 191 30 to 34 years_ ... 16,323 8,091 768 3,891 66 3,362 115 35 to 44 years. 27,151 14,546 1,214 5,789 114 5,269 219 45 to 54 years. 23,389 13,422 1,337 3,643 73 4,692 222 55 to 64 years. 17,776 10, 720 986 2,143 47 3,646 234 65 years and over... 10,793 6,757 336 801 16 2,159 724 h’.ored females.. 268,308 6,127 200 6,049 75 36,316 219^541 Under 10 vears.. 58,909 29 5 273 58,602 10 to 14 years... 34, 776 258 2 307 2,601 31 ’ 608 15 to 19 years. 30,816 410 4 1,492 10 4,443 24,457 20 to 24 years. 24,629 414 7 1,231 19 4,046 18,912 25 to 29 years. 22,293 488 11 965 23 4,056 16,750 30 to 34 years. 19,806 582 19 665 8 4,100 14,432 35 to 44 years. 31,392 1,334 35 830 7 6,958 22,228 45 to 54 years. 21,987 1,174 53 360 5 5,185 15,210 55 to 64 years. 13,896 861 34 138 3 3,082 9,778 65 years" and over_ 9,804 577 35 56 1,572 7,564 440 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total.. 424,804 31,988 39,715 42,991 4,553 64,714 240,843 Under 10 years. 79,728 85 20 37 1 271 79,314 10 to 14 years.-. 50,737 3,356 965 2,051 14 4,456 39,895 15 to 19 years... 48,521 5,053 4,862 6,456 133 8,189 23,828 20 to 24 years. 49,251 4,949 7,277 6,935 443 9,241 20,406 25 to 29 years ..... 45,029 4,467 6,334 6,913 669 9,189 17,457 30 to 34 years... 36, 463 3,400 5,319 5,561 693 7,8a5 13,655 35 to 44 years.-. 53.519 4,926 7.942 8,014 1,212 11,386 20,039 45 to 54 years.. 32,883 3,051 4.231 4,221 817 7,564 12,999 55 to 64 years. - - 18,829 1,787 2,047 2,102 381 4,458 8,054 65 years and over.... 9,844 914 718 701 190 2,125 5,196 Total males... 221,990 31,944 39,440 38,033 3,820 46,377 62,376 Under 10 years... 39,778 84 19 31 1 145 39,498 10 to 14 years.. 25,658 3, an 958 1.801 8 3,040 16,500 15 to 19 years.. 23.771 5,047 4,826 5,309 80 5,962 2,547 20 to 24 years. 26,294 4,946 7,226 5,927 316 7,149 730 25 to 29 years .. 24.981 4.464 6.290 6.198 523 7,055 451 30 to 34 years.. 20,a57 3,397 5,286 5,027 614 5,709 324 35 to 44 years_ 29.682 4,923 7,891 7,275 1,039 7,960 594 45 to 54 years_ 17.478 3.045 4.200 3,864 736 5,057 576 55 to 64 years.. 9,564 1.780 2,030 1,938 332 2,957 527 65 years and over_ 4,427 907 714 663 171 1,343 629 Total females. 202,814 44 275 4,958 733 18,337 178,467 Under 10 years..- 39.950 1 1 6 126 39,816 10 to 14 years.. 25; 079 5 r* i 250 6 1,416 23,395 15 to 19 years ... 24.750 6 36 1,147 53 2,227 21,281 20 to 24 years_ 22,957 3 51 1.008 127 2,092 19,676 25 to 29 years_ 20,048 3 44 715 146 2,134 17,006 30 to 34 years. 16,106 3 33 534 79 2,126 13,331 35 to 44 years ___ 23.837 3 51 739 173 3,426 19,445 45 to 54 years_ 15.405 6 31 357 81 2,507 12,423 55 to 64 years.... 9,265 i 17 164 49 1.501 7,527 65 years and over. 5,417 7 4 38 19 782 4,567 Total native white. 243,619" 21,124 11,590 19,500 3, (ho 21,096 167,254 Under 10 years_ 57,296 62 15 16 i 62 57,140 10 to 14 years... 35,730 2,690 570 1,119 8 2,190 29,153 15 to 19 years.__ 31.394 3,855 2,034 3,534 101 3,803 18,067 20 to 24 years_... 27,515 3, .531 1.956 3,421 326 3,702 14,579 25 to 29 years... 23.075 2,996 1.612 3,021 452 ,3,143 11,851 30 to 34 years__ 17.827 2,191 1.421 2,430 464 2,405 8,916 35 to 44 years... 25.289 3,078 2,179 3,325 837 3,171 12,699 45 to 54 years.. 14,211 1,607 1,074 1,647 521 1,562 7,800 55 to 64years...__ 7.595 788 522 738 226 766 4,555 65 years and over.. 3,687 326 207 249 119 292 2,494 Native white males. 116,838 21,104 11,484 17,700 2,544 18,942 45,064 Under 10 years.... 28,836 61 14 13 1 43 28,704 10 to 14 years... 18.074 2,685 567 1.007 3 1,845 11,967 15 to 19 years. 14.403 3,850 2,012 3,027 52 3,387 2,075 20 to 24 years. 12.698 3,530 1,925 3,025 226 3,398 594 25 to 29 years... 10,963 2,994 1.598 2,816 346 2,898 311 30 to 3 4 years. 8,650 2,190 1.416 2,247 416 2,164 217 35 to 4 4 years. 12,286 3,077 2.161 3,093 726 2,851 378 45 to 54 years.. 6.403 1.606 1.065 1.532 468 1.421 311 55 to 64 years. 3,146 786 520 697 197 075 271 65 years and over.. 1,379 325 206 243 109 260 236 Native white females. 126,781 20 106 1,800 511 2,154 122,190 Under 10 years. 28.460 1 1 3 19 28,436 10 to 14 years . 17,656 5 3 112 5 345 17;186 15 to 19 vears. 16.991 5 22 507 49 416 15,992 20 to 24 years. 14.817 1 31 396 100 304 13,985 25 to 23 years. 12.112 *> 14 205 106 245 11,540 30 to 34 vears. 9.177 1 5 183 48 2-41 8,699 35 t o 4 4 years. 13,003 1 18 232 111 320 12,321 45 to 54 years..... 7,808 1 9 115 53 141 7,489 55 to 64 years. 4,449 ») o 41 29 91 4,284 65 years and over. 2,308 1 T 6 10 32 2,258 OCCUPATIONS 441 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age , sex , and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white. 68,971 4,076 25,536 8,932 1,245 13,847 15,335 Under 10 years. . 1,797 1 2 1 5 1,788 10 to 14 years.. T 443 48 303 77 2 104 909 15 to 19 years. 4,785 267 2,548 487 13 692 778 20 to 24 years.. . 10,397 628 4,968 1,161 90 2,132 1,418 25 to 29 years...— 11 224 734 4,385 1,699 177 2,524 1,705 30 to 34 years_ 9,560 583 3,590 1,414 199 2,230 1,544 35 to 44 years.. 14,517 852 5,316 2,184 318 3,148 2,699 45 to 54 years.. 8,541 525 2,787 1,145 249 1 770 2,065 55 to 64 years. 4,576 302 1,239 581 133 894 1.427 65 years and over.. 2,131 136 398 183 64 348 1,002 Foreign white males ... 54,162 4,074 25,398 8,674 1,042 12,555 2,419 Under 10 years.. 872 1 2 1 3 865 10 to 14 years__ 880 48 300 71 1 84 376 15 to 19 years__ 4,019 267 2,535 460 10 634 113 20 to 24 years.. 8,802 628 4,951 1,127 68 1,968 60 25 to 29 years... 9,300 734 4,359 1,663 143 2,308 93 30 to 34 years.. 7,794 583 3,566 1,380 169 2.028 68 35 to 44 years_ 11,552 852 5,288 2,134 259 2,852 167 45 to 54 years.. 6,417 525 2,771 1,108 223 1,578 212 55 to 64 years__ 3,197 302 1,229 552 114 791 209 65 years and over_ 1,329 134 397 178 55 309 256 Foreign white females_ 14,809 2 138 258 203 1,292 12,916 Under 10 years.. 925 2 923 10 to 14 years__ 563 3 6 1 20 533 15 to 19 years. _ .. 766 13 27 3 58 665 20 to 24 years.. 1,595 17 34 22 164 1,358 25 to 29 years. 1,924 26 36 34 216 1,612 30 to 34 years 1,766 24 34 30 202 T 476 35 to 44 years_ 2, 965 28 50 59 296 2' 532 45 to 54 vears_ 2, 124 16 37 26 192 C853 55 to 64 years. 1 j 379 10 29 19 103 1.218 65 years and over_ '802 2 1 5 9 39 746 Total colored.. 112,214 6,788 2,589 14,559 253 29,771 58,254 Under 10 years. . 20,635 22 3 20 • 204 20,386 10 to 14 years. 13,564 618 92 855 4 2,162 9,833 15 to 19 years__ 12,342 931 280 2,435 19 3,694 4,983 20 to 24 years ... 11,339 790 353 2,353 27 3,407 4,409 25 to 29 years.. 10,730 737 337 2,193 40 3,522 3,901 30 to 34 years... 9,076 626 308 1,717 30 3,200 3,195 35 to 44 years_ 13,713 996 447 2,505 57 5,067 4,641 45 to 54 years.. 10,131 919 370 1.429 47 4,232 3,134 55 to 64 years_ 6,658 697 286 783 22 2,798 2,072 65 years and over_ 4,026 452 113 269 r* 1,485 1,700 Colored males. 50,990 6,766 2,558 11,659 234 14,880 14,893 Under 10 years.. 10,070 22 3 17 99 9,929 10 to 14 years.. 0,704 618 91 723 4 1,111 4,157 15 to 19 years. 5,349 930 279 1,822 18 1,941 359 20 to 24 years_ 4,794 788 a50 1,775 22 1,783 76 25 to 29 years.. 4,718 736 333 1,719 34 1,849 47 30 to 34 years... 3,913 624 304 1,400 29 1.517 39 35 to 44 years ... 5,844 994 442 2,048 54 2,257 49 45 to 54 years .... 4,658 914 364 1,224 45 2,058 53 55 to 64 years .. __ 3,221 692 281 689 21 1,491 47 65 years and over. 1,719 448 111 242 7 774 137 Colored females. 61,224 22 31 2,900 19 14,891 43,361 Under 10 years . 10,565 3 105 10 ,457 10 to 14 years. 6,860 1 132 1,051 5,676 45 to 19 years. 6 ,993 i 1 613 1 1,753 4,624 20 to 24 years__ 6,545 9 3 578 5 1,624 4,333 25 to 29 years. 6,012 l 4 474 6 1,673 3,854 30 to 34 years. 5,163 2 4 317 1 1,683 3,156 35 to 44 years. 7,869 2 5 457 3 2,810 4,592 45 to 54 years .. . 5,473 5 6 205 2 2,174 3,081 55 to 64 years. 3,437 5 5 94 1 1,307 2,025 65 years and over. _ 2,307 4 9 ft 27 711 1,563 442 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXV.— Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race — Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Total. Under 10 years 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over. Total males. Under 10 years ... 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years_ 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over. Total females. Under 10 years .... 10 to 14 years_ 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over. Total native white... Under 10 years ... 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years_ 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over. Native white males.. Under 10 years 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over. Native white females Under 10years ... 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 51 years. 55 to 64 years. 65 years and over Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. 202,444 50,804 9,407 10,992 988 13,105 117,148 43,147 238 10 4 2 99 42,794 27.294 4,964 289 401 7 968 20.665 22.143 6.427 1,071 1,451 49 1,519 11,626 19.498 5.948 1,452 1,618 97 1.682 8.701 17, 788 5,637 1,295 1,545 132 1,692 7,487 14,418 4.793 1,151 1.313 137 1,413 5,611 22.963 8.050 1,892 2,197 262 2,379 8,183 16,969 6, 715 1,266 1.394 160 1,752 5,682 11.404 5,127 707 768 93 1,079 3.630 6,820 2,905 274 301 49 522 2, 769 103,726 46,496 9,339 9,532 767 5,587 32,005 21.679 217 10 3 2 40 21,407 13,901 4,790 289 323 6 390 8,103 10,183 6,152 1.066 1,133 25 576 1,231 9.466 5,659 1,445 1.318 61 830 153 8,852 5,263 1,292 1,317 90 777 113 7,453 4,384 1.143 1.150 102 580 94 12.287 7,106 1,880 1,992 225 919 165 9,466 5.909 1,258 1.283 134 701 181 6,759 4.521 701 7&5 77 527 198 3,680 2,495 255 278 45 247 360 98,718 4,308 68 1,460 221 7,518 85,143 21.468 21 1 59 21,387 13,393 174 78 i 578 12,562 11,960 275 5 318 24 943 10,395 10,032 289 7 300 36 852 8,548 8,936 374 3 228 42 915 7,374 6,965 409 8 163 35 833 5,517 10,676 944 12 205 37 1,460 8,018 7,503 806 8 111 26 1.051 5.501 4.645 606 6 33 16 552 3. 432 3,140 410 19 23 4 275 2,409 102,682 20,212 3,824 5,115 683 3,059 69,789 25,254 91 9 3 13 25,1:48 16,865 2.923 214 215 2 271 13.240 13,565 3,7:38 734 764 40 470 7,819 10,918 3.190 716 823 69 559 5,561 9,243 2,706 535 730 90 462 4,720 7,034 2,085 459 625 96 360 3,409 10,267 2,938 684 1.086 192 533 4,834 5.660 1,575 315 550 113 251 2.856 2,662 700 no 238 56 111 1,447 1,214 266 48 81 25 29 765 50,324 20,080 3,809 4,454 498 2,199 19.284 12,842 87 9 2 5 12,739 8.598 2.900 214 166 1 174 5.143 6,262 3, 712 731 629 17 300 873 5,144 3.174 711 686 36 4415 102 4,328 2,689 535 638 .56 357 53 3,472 2,076 455 556 69 260 56 5,220 2,923 681 980 164 377 95 2,730 1,566 315 501 89 180 79 1,224 689 110 224 44 89 68 504 264 48 72 99 Aw ‘» MM 76 52,358 132 15 661 185 860 50,505 12,412 4 1 8 12,399 8,267 23 49 i 97 8.097 7,308 2b 3 135 23 170 6.946 5,774 16 5 137 33 124 5.459 4,915 17 92 34 105 4,667 3,562 9 4 69 27 100 3,353 5,047 15 3 106 28 156 4,7:19 2.930 9 49 24 71 2,777 1,438 11 14 12 *>•> 1.379 710 O M 9 3 < 689 OCCUPATIONS 443 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupation by age , sex, and race —Continued. PRO . NCE OF M AT ANZ AS—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white. 15,235 4,700 4,104 1,438 242 1.106 3,645 TTnrlpt* 10 vftnrs 219 2 1 216 10 to 14 "vears.. 265 66 30 1 2 9 157 15 to 19 years.-. 675 179 217 21 3 45 210 20 to 2 1 vears .. 1,836 629 588 121 17 154 327 25 to 2!) years -- 2,082 708 609 217 32 165 351 30 to 31 years__ 1,900 665 - 570 182 29 150 304 35 to 44 years .. 3,394 1,117 1,034 354 63 255 571 45 to 51 vears_ 2,462 699 629 298 43 181 612 55 to 04 years.- - - 1,592 442 303 180 31 110 526 65 years and over- 810 193 124 64 21 37 371 Foreign white males __ 11,850 4,684 4,089 1,413 215 957 492 Tinder 10 years.. 121 2 1 118 10 to 14 years_ 152 65 30 i 2 7 47 15 to 19 vears. 474 178 216 21 3 40 16 20 to 24 years_ 1,508 629 587 115 15 143 19 25 to 29 years-- 1,720 7( 15 606 215 26 148 ». 20 30 to 34 years_ 1.576 663 567 177 25 128 16 35 to 44 years _ 2,809 1,113 1,030 349 54 220 43 45 to 54 years__ 1,870 698 627 294 41 149 61 55 to 64 years.- 1,112 438 302 178 28 94 72 65 years and over... 508 193 124 63 20 28 80 Foreign white females. 3,385 16 15 25 27 149 3,153 Under 10 years. 98 98 10 to 14 years .. 113 1 2 110 15 to 19 years ... 201 1 1 5 194 20 to 24 years ... 328 1 6 2 11 308 25 to 29 years . 362 3 3 2 6 17 331 30 to 34 years ...— 324 2 3 5 4 22 288 35 to 44 years .... 585 4 4 5 9 35 528 45 to 54 years. 592 1 9 4 2 32 551 55 to 64 years .. 480 4 l 2 3 16 454 65 years and over. 302 1 1 9 291 Total colored--- 84,527 25,892 1,479 4,439 63 8,940 43,714 Under 10 years .. 17,674 145 1 1 1 86 17,440 10 to 14 years_ 10,164 1,975 45 185 3 688 7,268 15 to 19 years ... 7,903 2,510 120 666 6 1,004 3,597 20 to 24 years. 6,744 2,129 148 674 11 969 2,813 25 to 29 years.. 6,463 2,223 151 598 10 1,065 2,416 30 to 34 years . .. 5.484 2,043 122 506 12 903 1,898 35 to 44 years ___ 9,302 3,995 174 757 7 1,591 2,778 45 to 54 years. 8,847 4.441 322 546 4 1,320 2,214 55 to 64 years .. . 7,150 3,985 294 350 6 858 1,657 65 years and over.. 4,796 2,446 102 156 3 456 1,633 Colored males.-. 41,552 21,732 1,441 3,665 54 2,431 12,229 Under 10 years.. •8,716 128 1 1 1 35 8,550 10 to 14 years. 5,151 1,825 45 156 3 209 2,913 15 to 19 years.. 3,447 2,262 119 483 5 236 342 20 to 24 years . .. 2,814 1,856 147 517 10 252 32 25 to 29 years ... 2,804 1,869 151 464 8 272 40 30 to 34 years. 2,405 1,645 121 417 8 192 22 35 to 44 years. 4,258 3,070 169 663 7 322 27 45 to 54 vears..... 4,866 3,645 316 488 4 372 41 55 to 64 years. 4.423 3,394 289 333 5 344 58 65 years and over_ 2.668 2,038 83 •143 3 197 204 Colored females. 42,975 4,160 38 774 9 6,509 31,485 Under 10 years.. 8,958 17 51 8,890 10 to 14 years. 5.013 150 29 479 4,355 15 to 19 years... 4,456 248 i 183 1 768 3,255 20 to 24 years . 3,930 273 1 157 1 717 2,781 25 to 29 years.. 3,659 354 134 2 793 2,376 30 to 34 years ... 3; 079 398 1 89 4 711 1 i 876 35 to 44 years... 5,044 925 5 94 1,269 2,751 45 to 54 years... 3,981 796 6 58 ' 948 2', 173 55 to 64 years. 2,727 591 5 17 1 514 1,599 65 years and over.. 2,128 408 19 13 259 1,429 444 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupation by age, sex, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan icalin¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa tion. Total. 173,064 48,697 4,432 3,635 399 10,699 105,202 TTnrler 10 vfiars _ 42,757 278 4 5 6l 42 409 10 to 14 years.. 25,453 7,035 195 203 1 1,433 16,586 15 to 19 years .. 20.727 7.656 609 547 7 1,678 10,230 20 to 24 years. 19.395 7,427 758 626 27 1,659 8,898 25 to 29 years.. 16,978 6,791 729 535 57 1.412 7,454 30 1 o 34 years-- 12,311 5,023 524 422 68 1,092 5,182 35 to 44 years___ 16, 744 6,838 827 656 97 1,516 6,810 45 to 5 i years. 10,176 4.119 493 391 87 946 4.140 55 to 64 years.. 5,502 2,341 219 189 44 577 2,132 65 years and over_ 3,021 1,189 74 61 11 325 1,361 Total males.- .*- 91,688 48,552 4,390 3,313 359 7,360 27, 714 TTnrler 10 years_ _ 21,913 271 4 5 35 21,598 10 to 14 vpars _ _ 13,043 7,008 194 177 971 4,693 15 to 19 years-- 10,174 7,687 601 469 5 1,137 325 20 to 24 years. . 9,961 7,412 754 544 23 1,094 134 25 to 29 years... 9,132 6,771 719 486 49 970 137 30 to 34 years .... 6.871 5,010 519 388 63 760 131 35 to 44 years_ _ 9,569 6.821 817 616 84 1,037 194 45 to 54 5 r ears__ 5.902 4,103 489 384 82 684 160 55 to 64 years ... 3,339 2,333 219 184 42 420 141 65 years and over... 1,784 1,186 74 60 11 252 201 Total females-- 81,376 145 42 322 40 3,339 77,488 Under 10 years ... 20.844 rt i 26 20,811 10 to 14 years__ 12,410 27 1 26 1 462 11,893 15 to 19 years.. 10,553 19 8 78 2 541 9,905 20 to 24 years . _ 9,434 15 4 82 4 565 8, 764 25 to 29 years_ 7,846 20 10 49 8 442 7,317 30 to 34 years_ _ 5,440 13 5 34 5 332 5,051 35 to 44 years ___ _ 7,175 17 10 40 13 479 6,616 45 to 54 vears-- 4,274 16 4 rt 1 5 262 3,980 55 to 64 years .. 2,163 8 5 2 157 1.991 65 years" and over.. 1,237 3 1 73 L160 Total native white. 114,907 31,857 1,787 1,717 285 4,429 74,832 Under 10 years __ 30.562 170 3 3 19 30,367 10 to 14 years .. 18i363 5,277 147 114 1 734 12;090 15 to 19 years .... 14.772 5,671 390 296 4 821 7,590 20 to 24 years_ 13,258 5,243 321 338 23 794 6,539 25 to 29 years.. 11.200 4. .583 299 260 42 631 5,385 30 to 34 years ..... 7,739 3,228 173 188 55 454 3,641 35 to 44 years... 10,071 4.142 272 287 78 548 4,744 45 to 54 years__ 5,422 2,163 128 157 53 268 2.653 55 to 64 years. 2,494 1,016 43 52 25 120 1,238 65 years and over_ 1,026 364 11 22 4 40 585 Native white males. 58,573 31,774 1,778 1,542 253 3,363 19,863 L T nder 10 years . . 15,777 164 3 3 13 15.594 10 to 14 years .. _ 9,428 5,258 147 102 539 3,382 15 to 19 years .... 7; 195 5,658 390 252 3 625 267 20 to 24 years. 6,547 5,233 320 291 19 576 108 25 to 29 years_ ___ 5,714 4,573 297 238 35 483 88 30 to 34 years .... 4,060 3.223 172 172 51 349 93 35 to 44 years .. 5,286 4,135 269 261 08 428 125 45 to 51 vears. 2,783 2,154 126 152 50 w 79 55 to 64 years. 1,276 1,012 43 49 23 93 56 65 years and over.. 507 364 11 22 4 35 71 Native white females. 56,334 83 9 175 32 1,066 54,969 Under 10 years. 14, 785 6 6 14.773 10 to 14 years... 8; 935 19 12 1 195 8,708 15 to 19 years .. 7,577 13 44 1 196 7.323 20 to 24 years. 6,711 10 1 47 4 218 6,431 25 to 29 years ... 5,486 10 O M 22 7 148 5,297 30 to 34 years .. 3,679 5 1 16 4 105 3,548 35 to 44 years. 4,785 pr i 3 26 10 120 4,619 45 to 54 years.. 2,639 9 2 5 3 40 2,574 55 to (54 years. 1.218 4 3 2 27 1.182 65 years and over. 519 5 514 | OCCUPATIONS 445 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white. 10,718 5,306 3,234 592 99 988 1,499 Under 10 years _ 82 1 1 80 10 toll years . 115 35 22 ty 7 51 15 to 19 years... 550 255 183 14 1 41 56 20 to 24 years.. 1,402 714 389 45 1 118 135 25 to 29 vears... 1,633 840 381 92 13 143 164 30 to 34 years__ 1,471 753 312 88 13 141 164 35 to 44 years.-.. 2,432 1,237 498 175 15 234 273 45 to 54 years... 1,716 849 286 106 32 175 268 55 to 64 years___ 908 446 125 57 17 88 17o 65 years and over... 409 176 38 15 7 40 133 Foreign white males.. 9,447 5,302 2,204 585 92 954 310 TTnder 10 vears 47 1 1 4-ft 10 to 14 years 80 35 21 7 17 15 to 19 years... 487 255 175 14 41 2 20 to 24 years... 1,263 714 386 43 * 1 114 5 25 to 29 years.___ 1,471 839 373 91 12 137 19 30 to 34 years... 1,319 752 309 87 12 138 21 35 to 44 years... 2,184 1,236 493. 174 13 226 42 45 to 54 years_ 1,494 849 284 106 30 166 59 55 to 64 years__ 782 445 125 56 17 84 55 65 years and over_ 320 176 38 14 7 40 45 Foreign white females. 1,271 4 30 7 ry i 34 1,189 TTnder 10 years 35 35 10 to 14 years 35 1 34 15 to 19 years.. 63 . 8 1 54 20 to 24 years. .. 139 3 2 4 130 25 to 29 years.. 162 1 8 1 1 6 145 30 to 34 years.. 152 1 3 1 1 3 143 35 to 44 years.. 248 1 5 1 2 8 231 45 to 54 years.. 222 2 2 9 209 55 to 64 years__ 126 1 1 4 120 65 vears and over 89 1 88 Total colored.... 47,439 11,534 411 1,326 15 5,282 28,871 Under 10 years.. 12,113 107 1 2 41 11,962 10 to 14 years___ 6,975 1,723 26 89 692 4,445 15 to 19 years .... 5,405 1,730 36 237 2 816 2,584 20 to 21 years ___ 4,735 1,470 48 243 3 747 2,224 25 to 29 years__ 4,145 1,368 49 183 2 638 1,905 30 to 34 years.. 3,101 1,042 39 146 497 1.377 35 to 44 years ... 4,241 1,459 57 194 4 734 1,793 45 to 54 years_ 3,038 1,107 79 128 2 503 1,219 55 to 64 years ... 2,100 879 51 80 2 369 719 65 years and over_ 1,586 649 25 24 245 643 Colored males.. 23,668 11,476 408 1,186 14 3,043 7,541 Under 10 years.. 6,089 106 1 2 21 5,959 10 to 14 years.. 3,535 1,715 26 75 425 1,294 15 to 19 vears.. 2,492 1,724 36 203 2 471 56 20 to 24 years_ 2,151 1,465 48 210 3 404 21 25 to 29 years__ 1,947 1,359 49 157 2 350 30 30 to 34 years__ 1,492 1,035 38 129 273 17 35 to 44 years__ 2; 099 1,450 55 181 3 383 27 45 to 54 years_ 1,625 1,100 79 126 2 296 22 55 to 64 years__ 1,281 876 51 79 2 243 30 65 years and over... 957 646 25 24 177 85 Colored females.. 23,771 58 3 140 1 2,239 21,330 Under 10 years. 6,024 1 20 6,003 10 to 14 years.... 3; 440 8 14 267 3,151 15 to 19 years .. 2,913 6 34 345 2,528 20 to 24 years.... 2 , 584 5 33 343 2,203 25 to 29 years__ 2,198 9 26 288 1,875 30 to 34 years__ 1,609 7 1 17 224 1,360 35 to 44 years.. 2,142 9 2 13 1 351 1,766 45 to 54 years. 1,413 7 2 207 1,197 55 to 64 years_ 819 3 1 126 689 65 j r ears and over. 629 3 68 558 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race — Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta tion Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total. 88,234 17,058 3,004 3.704 a59 7,697 56,412 Under 10 years .. 24,448 14 1 1 14 24.41s 10 to 14 years. 13,320 1.847 95 172 1 526 10,679 15 to 19 years.-. 9,650 2.900 391 612 14 1,171 4,562 20 to 24 years.. 6,248 1.770 446 505 39 818 2,670 25 to29 years... 5.100 1.447 :330 455 46 728 2,091 30 to 34 years. 5,944 1,731 387 408 58 866 2.494 35 to 44 years. 9,943 3,061 687 662 88 1,497 3,948 45 to 54 years.. 6,791 2,097 405 488 60 1,021 2, 720 55 to 64 years_ 4,200 1,375 180 280 30 620 1,715 65 years and over . 2.590 816 82 121 23 436 1.112 Total males.. 44,899 17,030 2,9.54 2,983 292 4.093 17,547 Under 10 years.. 12,531 14 1 1 6 12.509 10 to 14 years. 6,863 1.843 94 128 1 360 4,437 15 to 19 years.. 4.481 2.893 387 416 5 609 171 20 to 24 years. 3.121 1.767 445 410 25 440 33 25 to 29 years.. 2,582 1 444 328 •166 34 366 44 30 to 34 years... 2,963 1,728 380 a39 45 431 40 35 to 14 years.. 5,208 3.058 077 548 4 4 763 85 45 to54years--... 3.533 2,094 390 418 57 519 55 55 to 64 years. 2,238 1,375 173 248 26 339 rt*t 4 i 65 years and over. 1,379 814 79 109 21 260 96 Total females. 43,335 28 50 721 67 3,604 38,865 Under 10 years. 11 917 8 11,909 10 to 14 years.. 6 ,457 4 1 44 166 6,242 15 to 19 years. 5,169 . 7 4 196 9 562 4,391 20 to 24 years. 3,127 3 1 95 13 378 2,637 25 to 29 years. 2,518 3 2 89 12 362 2,050 30 to34 years... 2,981 3 ** i 69 13 435 2,454 35 to 44years... 4,735 3 10 114 11 734 8,863 45 to 54 years.. 3,258 3 15 70 3 502 2.665 55 to64 years_ 1,962 i 32 4 281 1.638 65 3 T ears and over. 1,211 2 3 12 2 176 1,016 Total native white.. 66,349 12,496 1,861 1, 754 245 4,140 % 45.853 Under 10 years. 20,128 9 1 8 20 110 10 to 14 yeai’s__ 10.889 1.574 83 90 372 8.770 15 to 19 years—. 7,584 2,391 314 asi 11 772 3,745 20 to 24years.. 4.470 1.352 263 242 27 462 2,124 25 to 29 years. 3,325 950 149 195 27 362 1.642 30 to 34 years... 4..351 1.317 260 188 40 482 2.1*64 35 to 44 years--- 7.165 2,294 450 332 65 804 3.220 45 to 54 years. 4.471 1.388 198 196 38 485 2,166 55 to 64 years. 2,606 822 109 105 20 268 1.282 65 years and over.-. - 1,360 399 35 54 17 125 730 Native white males. 32,575 12,473 1.832 1,269 190 2,452 _ 14359 Under 10 years __ 10.307 9 1 2 10,295 10 to 14 years 5,612 1.570 82 61 273 3.626 15 to 19 years.. 3 526 2,381 310 205 3 473 151 20 to24 years... 2,120 1.&50 262 186 16 279 27 25 to29years... 1.491* 948 148 146 21 201 35 30 to 34 years.... 2.053 1,316 2 o i 145 28 275 32 35 to 44 years_ 3,563 2,291 442 253 55 458 64 45 to 54 years.. . 2,065 1, -185 191 148 as 261 45 55 to 64 years. . 1,216 822 105 80 17 151 41 65 years and over. 614 39S 35 44 1.5 79 43 Native white females. 33,774 23 29 485 55 1,688 31.494 Under 10 years. 9.821 6 9.815 10 to 14 years. 5' 277 4 1 29 99 5.1 (4 i5 to 19 years. 4,058 1 4 146 8 299 3.594 20 to 24 years. 2,350 o 1 56 11 183 2,097 25 to 29 years. 1.826 *> 1 49 6 161 1.607 30 to 34 years. 2.298 1 3 43 12 207 2 .0:12 35 to 44 years.. 3,602 3 8 79 10 346 3.156 45 to 54 years. 2,406 3 4 48 3 224 2.121 55 to 61 years . 1.390 4 25 3 117 1.241 65 years and over- 746 1 10 9 45 687 OCCUPATIONS 447 Table XXY .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white.. 4,038 1,455 928 327 85 640 603 Under 10 years 73 73 10 to 14 years _ 103 13 6 5 79 15 to 19 years - - -.. 153 30 63 5 2 12 41 20 to 24 years-- 462 148 165 31 8 58 52 25 to 29 years ___ 675 293 154 83 17 98 30 30 to 34 years. . 459 194 103 40 13 75 34 35 to 44 years.. 874 347 192 80 14 168 73 45 to 54 years .. 680 244 169 56 18 122 71 55 to 64 years..- 370 124 49 23 8 71 95 65 years and over_ 189 62 27 9 5 31 55 Foreign white males.. 3,499 1,453 927 319 76 572 152 Under 10 years.. 40 40 10 to 14 years .. 55 13 6 3 33 15 to 19 years. 108 30 63 5 1 5 4 20 to 24 years. 403 148 165 30 7 51 2 25 to 29 years.. 636 292 154 81 13 93 3 30 to 34 years .. .. 424 194 103 40 12 70 5 35 to 44 years ... 795 347 192 79 13 150 14 45 to 54 years.. 604 244 169 54 18 114 5 55 to 64 years... 292 124 49 22 7 60 30 65 years and over_ 142 61 26 8 5 26 16 Foreign white females_ 539 2 1 8 9 68 451 Under 10 years.. 33 33 10 to 14 years. 48 2 46 15 to 19 years .. 45 1 7 37 20 to 24 years.. 59 1 1 7 50 25 to 29 years_ 39 1 2 4 5 27 30 to 34 years__ .35 1 5 29 35 to 44 years_ 79 1 1 18 59 45 to 54 years_ 76 2 8 66 55 to 64 years... 78 1 1 11 65 65 years” and over... 47 1 1 1 5 39 Total colored... 17,847 3,107 215 1,623 29 2,917 9,956 Under 10 years.. 4,247 5 1 6 4,235 10 to 14 years... 2,328 260 6 82 1 149 1,830 15 to 19 years ...... 1,913 479 14 256 1 387 776 20 to 24 years .. 1,316 270 18 232 4 298 494 25 to 29 years__ 1,100 204 27 177 2 268 422 30 to 34 years.... 1,134 220 24 180 5 309 396 35 to 44 years. 1,904 420 45 250 9 525 655 45 to 54 years ... 1,640 465 38 236 4 414 483 55 to 64 years.... 1,224 429 22 152 2 281 338 65 and over ... 1,041 355 20 58 1 280 327 Colored males.. 8,825 3,104 195 1,395 26 1,069 3,036 Under 10 years.. 2,184 5 1 4 2.174 10 to 14 years... 1,196 260 6 67 i 84 778 15 to 19 years.. . 847 479 14 206 1 131 16 20 to 24 years.... 598 269 18 194 3 110 4 25 to 29 years_ 447 204 26 139 72 6 30 to 34 years.... 486 218 20 154 5 86 3 35 to 44 years. 850 420 43 216 9 155 7 45 to 54 years ... 864 465 30 216 4 144 5 55 to 64 years . .. 730 429 19 146 2 128 6 65 years" and over_ 623 355 18 57 1 155 37 Colored females. 9,022 3 20 228 3 1,848 6,920 Under 10 years.. 2.063 2 2,061 10 to 14 years_ 1 .132 In 65 1 ,052 15 to 19 years ... 1.066 50 256 760 20 to 24 years .. 718 1 38 1 188 490 25 to 29 years.. 653 i 38 2 196 416 30 to 34 years__ 6+8 2 4 26 223 393 35 to 44 years. ... 1,054 2 34 370 648 45 to 54 years. 776 8 20 270 478 55 to 64 years__ 494 3 6 - 153 332 65 years and over__ 418 2 1 125 290 448 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXV.— Grand groups of occupations by age , sex, and race—Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total. .. 356,536 81,951 13,599 16,817 1,409 30,836 211,924 Under 10 years .. 77,209 396 4 11 180 7r riq 10 to 14 years ... 51,341 9,248 509 752 4 2.500 38,328 15 to 19 years ... 40,716 11,145 1,754 2,539 64 4,079 21,135 20 to 24 years ... 34,209 10,503 2,006 2,535 179 4,166 14,820 25 to 29 years. 3i,536 9,917 1,993 2,363 198 3,897 13.168 30 to 34 years____ 27.339 8,976 1,706 2,073 224 3,470 10.890 35 to 44 years__ 43.152 14,357 2,837 3,293 370 5,505 16,790 45 to 54 years_ 27,271 9,181 1.744 1.947 212 3,650 10,537 55 to 64 years.. 15,618 5,454 801 977 108 2,258 6.020 65 years' and over_ 8,145 2.774 245 327 50 1,131 3,618 Total males... 189,057 80,866 13,503 15,160 1,069 22,190 56,269 Under 10 years. 38.920 385 4 10 87 38 434. 10 to 14 years ... 26,383 9,157 505 652 1 1.813 14,255 15 to 19 years_ 19,231 11,041 1,745 2.088 24 2,938 1,395 20 to 24 years_ 18,145 10,444 1.994 2,218 83 3,157 249 25 to 29 years .... 17,264 9,840 1.983 2,117 139 2,971 214 30 to 34 years__ 15,324 8,880 1.694 1,906 185 2,454 205 35 to 44 years .. 24,614 14,163 2.817 3,065 318 3,820 431 45 to 54 years .... 15.674 8,993 1,731 1,852 177 2,502 419 55 to 64 years .. 9,038 5,304 791 940 93 1,600 310 65 years and over_ 4,464 jJ, 659 239 312 49 848 357 Total females___ 167,479 1,085 96 1,657 340 8,646 155,655 Under 10 years. 38.289 11 1 93 38 184 10 to 14 years_ 24,958 91 4 100 3 687 24.073 15 to 19 years__ 21,485 104 & 451 40 1,141 19,740 20 to 24 years.. 16,064 59 12 317 96 1,009 14,571 25 to 29 years.. . 14.272 77 10 246 59 926 12,954 30 to 34 years_ 12,015 96 12 167 39 1,016 10,685 35 to 44 years. 18,538 194 20 228 52 1,685 16,359 45 to 54 years. 11,597 188 13 95 35 1.148 10,118 55 to 64 years ... 6.580 150 10 37 15 658 5,710 65 years and over_ 3,681 115 6 15 1 283 3,261 Total native white.. 214.945 45,847 5,776 7,565 967 10,288 144,502 Under 10 years.. 53, 962 264 1 4 74 53 619 10 to 14 years.. 36,434 6.972 399 379 3 1,273 27,408 15 to 19 years___ 27,421 7,815 1,194 1,324 50 1,904 15,134 20 to24 years... 20.297 6,245 905 1.215 141 1,611 10,180 25 to 29 years... 17.710 5,528 • 794 1,098 142 1.371 8,777 30 to34 years. 15,221 5.077 702 919 156 1,191 7,176 35 to 44 years_ 23,314 7,833 1,072 1,468 255 1,687 10,999 45 to 54 years.. 12.335 3.883 445 730 131 766 6.380 55 to 64 years.... 5.824 1,616 201 323 63 308 3.313 65 years and over.. 2,427 614 63 105 26 103 1,516 Native white males. 106,771 45,606 5,747 6,682 687 8,644 39,405 Under 10 years. 27,259 261 1 4 45 26 948 10 to 14 years.. 18’ 775 6,903 398 317 1.057 10 100 15 to 19 years. 12,686 7,760 1.188 1,060 16 1,614 1,048 20 to 24 years.. 9,855 6,230 897 1,074 59 1,407 188 25 to 29 years_ 8, 709 5.506 791 993 97 1,180 142 30 to 34 years... 7,861 5,054 698 841 124 993 151 35 to 44 years. 12,077 7.808 1,068 1,327 210 1,368 296 45 to 54 years_____ 5.957 3,863 442 671 106 632 243 55 to 64 years.. .. 2,576 1,607 201 297 50 255 166 65 years and over. 1,016 614 63 98 25 93 123 Native white females. 108,174 241 29 883 280 1,644 105,01)7 Under 10 years .. 26,703 3 29 26.671 10 to 14 years. 17,659 69 1 62 3 216 17.308 15 to 19 years... 14,735 55 6 264 34 290 14.086 20 to 24 years.. 10,442 15 8 141 82 204 9.992 25 to 29 years. . 9,001 22 3 105 45 191 8.635 30 to 34 years. . 7,360 23 4 78 32 198 7,025 35 to 44 years.. 11.237 ‘)K 4 141 45 319 10, 703 45 to 54 years__ ti, 378 20 3 59 25 134 6.137 55 to64 years.. . 3,248 9 26 13 53 3.147 65 years and over 1,411 7 -1 1 10 1.393 OCCUPATIONS 449 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex , and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA-Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Persona] service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white. 29,823 11,341 6,248 2,388 342 4,446 5,058 Under 10 years... 429 7 2 2 6 412 10 to 14 years. 567 125 44 8 1 28 361 15 to 19 years. 1,585 537 427 56 5 188 372 20 to 24 years ... 4,621 1,990 983 267 24 798 559 25 to 29 years.. 5,227 2,216 1,044 365 37 929 636 30 to 34 years.. 4,325 1,801 865 413 52 673 521 35 to 44 years.... 6,810 2,579 1,544 654 93 1,058 882 45 to 54 years. 3,940 1,379 898 404 70 532 657 55 to 64 years . -.. 1,621 526 331 162 38 182 382 65 years and over.. 698 181 110 57 22 52 276 Foreign white males. 25,336 11,322 6,207 2,361 305 4,312 829 Under 10 years.. 248 7 2 2 3 234 10 to 14 years. 335 125 42 7 1 23 137 15 to 19 years .. 1,223 537 425 52 2 180 27 20 to 24 years. 4,050 1,986 980 264 16 785 19 25 to 29 years. 4,572 2,212 1,038 361 31 908 22 30 to 34 years . 3,784 1,799 858 410 47 652 18 35 to 44 years.. 5,949 2,575 1,533 648 87 1,019 87 45 to 54 years -. 3,368 1,377 892 400 63 516 120 55 to 64 years .. 1,318 525 328 161 36 177 91 65 years and over. 489 179 109 56 22 49 74 Foreign white females. 4,487 19 41 27 37 134 4,229 Under 10 years. 181 3 178 10 to 14 years -. 232 2 1 5 224 15 to 19 years. 362 2 4 3 8 345 20 to 24 years ... 571 4 3 3 8 13 540 25 to 29 years. 655 4 6 4 6 21 614 30 to 34 years. 541 2 7 3 5 21 503 35 to 44 years... 861 4 11 6 6 39 795 45 to 54 years. 572 2 6 4 7 16 537 55 to 64 years .. 303 1 3 1 2 5 291 65 vears and over.. 209 2 1 1 3 202 Total colored. 111, 768 24,763 1,575 6,864 100 16,102 62,364 Under 10 years. 22,818 125 1 5 100 22,587 10 to 14 years ..... 14,340 2,151 66 365 1,199 10.559 15 to 19 years.. 11,710 2,793 133 1,159 9 1,987 5,629 20 to 24 years .. 9,291 2,268 118 1,053 14 1.757 •4,081 25 to 29 years. 8 ,599 2,173 155 900 19 1,597 3,755 30 to 34 years ..... 7,793 2,098 139 741 16 1.606 3,193 35 to 44 years .. 13,028 3,945 221 1,171 22 2,760 4,909 45 to 54 years. 10,996 3,919 401 813 11 2,352 3,510 55 to 64 years .... 8,173 3,312 269 492 7 1,768 2,325 65 years and over.. 5,020 1,979 72 165 2 — 976 1,826 Colored males. 56,950 ‘33.938 1,549 6,117 77 9,234 16,035 Under 10 years. 11.413 117 1 4 39 11,252 10 to 14 years_ 7,273 2,129 65 328 733 4,018 15 to 19 years.. 5; 322 2 ,744 132 976 6 1,144 320 20 to 24 years. 4,240 2,228 117 880 8 965 42 25 to 29 years .__ 3,983 2,122 154 763 11 883 50 30 to 34 years .. 3,679 2,027 138 655 14 809 36 35 to 44 years. 6,588 3,780 216 1,090 21 1,433 48 45 to 54 years .. 6,349 3,753 397 781 8 1,354 56 55 to 64 years... 5, J44 3,172 262 482 7 1,168 53 65 years and over. 2,959 1,866 67 158 2 706 160 Colored females. 54,818 825 26 747 23 6,868 46,329 Under 10 years. 11,405 8 1 61 11,335 10 to 14 years. 7' 067 22 1 37 466 6,541 15 to 19 years .. 6,388 49 1 183 3 843 5,309 20 to 24 years. 5,051 40 1 173 6 792 4,039 25 to 29 years. 4,616 51 1 137 8 714 3, 705 30 to 34 years .. 4,114 71 1 86 2 797 3,157 35 to 44 years. 6,440 165 5 81 1 1,327 4,861 45 to 54 years.. 4,647 166 4 32 3 998 3, ) 11 55 to 64 years. 3.029 140 7 10 600 2,272 65 years and over.. 2,061 113 5 7 270 1,666 24662 29 450 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race — Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total.-. 327,715 68,699 9,270 14,895 1,028 14,885 218,938 Under 10 years. 89,698 182 7 33 95 89 381 10 to 14 years. 51,904 9,431 392 999 2 1,373 39,707 15 to 19 years. 36,278 10,122 1,370 2,860 75 2,145 19,706 20 to 24 years. 24,358 7,366 1.362 2,124 130 1.844 11,532 25 to 29 years. 20,974 6,120 1,172 1,869 139 1,824 9,850 30 to 34 years. 22,337 6,786 1,174 1,952 146 1.783 10,496 35 to 44 years.-. 38,735 13,181 2,119 2,795 256 2,876 17,508 45 to 54 years... 23,438 8,462 1,097 1,369 162 1,713 10,635 55 to 64 years.. 12,629 4,558 427 647 83 870 6,044 65 years and over. 7,364 2,491 150 247 35 362 4,079 Total males. 163,845 67,443 9,140 12,991 789 10,162 63,320 TTndor 10 vears.. 45,869 178 7 30 48 45 606 10 to 14 years. 26,551 9,309 392 872 1 964 15,013 15 to 19 years... 16.506 9,981 1.369 2,236 28 1,518 1,374 20 to 24 years.. 12,021 7,261 1,353 1,767 68 1,378 194 25 to 29 years. 10,395 6,035 1,159 1.625 107 1,355 114 30 to 34 years.. 11,055 6,666 1,162 1,760 120 1,244 103 35 to 44 years.. 19,945 12,909 2,089 2,537 220 1,921 269 45 to 54 years. 12,043 8,241 1,059 1,300 143 1,058 242 55 to 64 years. 6,161 4.425 408 626 70 463 169 65 years and over.. 3,299 2,438 142 238 32 213 236 Total females. 163,870 1,256 130 1,904 239 4,723 155,618 Under 10 years. 43,829 4 3 47 43,775 10 to 14 years. 25,353 122 127 1 409 24,694 15 to 19 years. 19; 772 141 1 624 47 627 18,332 20 to 24 years. 12,337 105 9 357 62 166 11,338 25 to 29 years. 10,579 85 13 244 32 169 9,736 30 to34 years-- 11,282 120 12 192 26 539 10,393 35 to 44 years. 18,790 272 30 258 36 955 17,239 45 to 54 years. 11,395 221 38 69 19 655 10,393 55 to 64 years. 6,468 133 19 21 13 407 5,875 65 years and over. 4,065 53 8 9 3 149 3,843 Total native white. 167,797 35,424 4,596 4,033 715 4,209 118,820 Tinder 10 years . 49,302 129 4 7 34 49.128 IQ to 14 years.. 28,647 5,726 297 287 1 584 21,752 15 to 19 years-- 19,356 5.587 964 865 61 836 11,043 20 to 24 years. 12,045 3,780 737 617 99 603 6,209 25 to 29 years. 9,558 2,940 504 475 89 460 5,090 30 to 34 years.... 10,836 3,418 573 513 100 451 5,781 35 to 44 years_ 18,895 6,843 938 718 175 704 9,517 45 to 54 years. 10,739 4.041 395 341 105 348 5,509 55 to 64 years. 5,509 2,027 138 162 58 132 2,992 65 years and over. 2,910 933 46 48 27 57 1,799 Native white males. 82,292 35,240 4,568 3,420 508 3,523 35,033 Under 10 years .. 25.527 128 4 5 21 25,369 10 to 14 years. 14,683 5,682 297 240 452 8.012 15 to 19 years... 8,7415 5,552 964 676 19 692 843 20 to 24 years... 5,727 3,768 733 515 45 529 137 25 to 29 years.. 4,375 2,929 500 392 66 401 87 30 to :14 years. 4,958 3,403 571 455 77 383 69 35 to 44 years.. 9,273 6,810 931 618 144 595 175 45 to 54 years.. 5.254 4,022 387 320 87 291 147 55 to 64 years. 2,558 2.017 135 152 46 111 97 65 years and over. 1,191 929 46 47 24 48 97 Native white females_ 85,505 184 28 613 207 686 83,787 Under 10 years. 23,775 1 2 13 23,759 10 to 14 years. . 13i 954 44 47 1 132 13,740 15 to 19 years. 10,610 35 189 42 144 10.200 20 to 24 years. . 6,318 12 4 102 54 74 6,072 25 to 29 years. 5,183 11 4 83 23 59 5,003 30 to 34 years.. 5,878 15 2 58 23 68 5, 712 35 to 44 years .. . 9,622 3} i 100 31 109 9,342 45 to 54 years __ 5,485 19 8 21 18 57 5,362 55 to 64 years.. 2,951 10 3 10 12 21 2,895 65 years and over.. 1,719 4 -- 1 3 9 1.702 OCCUPATIONS 451 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade . and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white. 13,313 4,392 3,318 1,026 219 2,210 2,148 Under lOyears... 318 1 317 If) to 14 years _ 271 24 23 2 17 205 15 to 19 years..... 559 93 210 26 4 59 167 20 to 24 years. 1,477 455 471 66 21 256 208 25 to 29 years. 2,189 790 514 172 34 461 218 30 to 34 years. 1,960 724 446 173 35 385 197 35 to 44 years..... 3,485 1,273 876 335 59 622 320 45 to 54 years. 1.975 676 522 177 47 309 244 55 to 64 years.. 753 252 191 61 14 84 151 65 years and over. 326 105 65 14 5 16 121 Foreign white males .. 11,446 4,379 3,298 995 207 2,134 433 Under 10 years. 158 1 157 in to 14 years . _ 146 24 23 2 13 84 15 to 19 years—.. 397 93 210 20 4 54 16 20 to 24 years... 1,259 455 468 63 19 246 8 25 to 29 years. 1,948 789 510 167 30 443 9 30 to 34 years.. 1,749 721 444 169 33 376 6 35 to 44 years... 3,160 1,267 869 328 56 607 33 45 to 54years..... 1,762 674 521 172 46 299 50 55 to 64 years__ 626 251 189 60 14 80 32 65 years and over. 241 105 64 14 5 15 38 Foreign white females. 1,867 13 20 31 12 76 1,715 Under 10 vea.rs_ 160 160 10 to 14 years... 125 4 121 15 to 19 years... 162 6 5 151 20 to 24 years. 218 3 3 2 10 200 25 to 29 years... 241 1 4 5 4 18 209 30 to 34years... 211 3 2 4 2 9 191 35 to 44 years.. 325 6 7 rr 7 3 15 287 45 to 54 years.. 213 2 1 5 1 10 194 55 to 64 years. _ 127 1 2 1 4 119 65 years and over. 85 1 1 83 Total colored .. 146,605 28,883 1,356 9,836 94 8,466 97,970 Under 10 years.. 40,078 53 3 26 60 39,936 10 to 14 years- 22,986 3,681 72 710 1 772 17,750 15 to 19 years . 16,363 4,442 196 1,969 10 1,250 8,496 20 to 24 years.. 10,836 3,131 154 1,441 10 985 5,115 25 to 29 years.. 9,227 2,390 154 1,222 16 903 4,542 30 to 34 years. 9.541 2,644 155 1,266 11 947 4,518 35 to 14 years. 16,355 5,065 305 1,742 22 1,550 7,671 45 to 54 years.... 10,724 3,745 180 851 10 1,056 4,882 55 to 64 years ... 6,367 2,279 98 424 11 654 2,901 65 years and over.. 4,128 1,453 39 185 3 289 2,159 Colored males... 70,107 27,824 1,274 8,576 74 4,505 27,854 Under 10 years.. 20,184 50 3 25 26 20,080 10 to 14 years.. 11,722 3,603 72 630 1 499 6,917 15 to 19 years.... 7,363 4,336 195 1,540 5 772 515 20 to 24 years. .. 5,035 3,038 152 1,189 4 603 49 25 to 29 years . 4,072 2,317 149 1,066 11 511 18 30 to 34 years .... 4,348 2,542 147 1,136 10 485 28 35 to 44 years.. 7,512 4,832 289 1,591 20 719 61 45 to 54 years. 5,027 3,545 151 808 10 468 45 55 to 64 years ... 2,977 2,157 84 414 10 272 40 65 years and over... 1,867 1,404 32 177 3 150 101 Colored females. 76,498 1,059 82 1,260 20 3,961 70,116 Under 10 years. 19,894 3 1 34 19,856 10 to 14 years . 11,264 78 80 273 10,833 15 to 19 years .. .. 9,000 106 1 429 5 478 7,981 20 to 24 years. 5,801 93 2 252 6 382 5,066 25 to 29 years. 5,155 73 5 156 5 392 4,524 30 to 34 years. 5,193 102 8 130 1 462 4,490 35 to 44 years. 8,843 233 16 151 2 831 7,610 45 to 54 years.. 5,697 200 29 43 588 4,837 55 to 64 years. 3,390 122 14 10 1 382 2,861 65 years and over. 2.261 49 ft { 8 139 2,058 452 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 9 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age , sex , and race —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS. Total. Agricul¬ ture, , fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total... 30,038 901 3,065 3,221 294 4,004 18,553 Under 10 years 6,538 2 28 6 508 10 to 14 years_ __ 3’892 47 91 163 241 3,350 15 to 19 years -.. 3,295 91 377 526 12 488 1,801 20 to 24 years ... 3,056 98 553 521 51 479 1,354 25 to 29 years.. 2,684 97 499 399 44 532 1,113 30 to 34 years.. 2,373 120 403 391 51 482 926 35 to 44 years___ 3,847 176 600 671 70 809 1,521 45 to 54 years-- 2,360 130 347 341 34 542 966 55 to 64 years.. 1,285 91 142 146 20 292 594 65 years and over_ 708 51 51 63 12 111 420 Total males. 14,589 891 3,038 2,869 220 2,510 5,061 Under 10 years 3,198 2 13 3,183 10 to 14 years .-. l’883 47 88 154 131 1,463 15 to 19 years . 1,415 91 376 441 6 316 185 20 to 24 years. 1,502 96 550 •456 26 341 33 25 to 29 years .. 1,342 96 494 343 33 362 14 30 to 34 years. 1,214 119 399 340 41 297 18 35 to 44 years. 1,963 172 597 618 59 477 40 45 to 54 years. 1,173 128 341 317 25 323 39 55 to 64 years ... 603 91 140 139 18 182 33 65 years and over. % 2116 51 51 61 12 68 53 Total females. . 15,449 10 27 352 74 1,494 13,492 TTrider 10 years 3,340 15 3,325 10 to 14 years . _ _ 2^009 3 9 110 1,887 15 to 19 years _ E880 1 85 6 172 1.616 20 to 24 years.. 1,554 2 3 65 25 138 1.321 25 to 29 years. 1,342 1 5 56 11 170 1,099 30 to 34 years .. 1,159 1 4 51 10 185 908 35 to 44 years. 1.884 4 3 53 11 332 1,481 45 to 54 years. 1.187 2 6 24 9 219 927 SS tn 64 yea.rs 682 2 7 2 110 561 06 years and over 412 2 43 367 Total native white.. 15,735 334 1,260 1,438 175 1,038 11,490 Under 10 years 4,157 10 4,147 10 to 14 years 2,390 29 63 72 90 2,136 15 to 19 years. E920 46 241 258 10 172 1,193 20 to 24 years.. 1.593 49 243 233 36 173 859 25 to 29 years... 1.227 33 187 185 28 159 635 30 to 34 years-- 1,044 46 156 150 31 123 538 35 to 44 years. 1,712 53 196 305 43 184 931 45 to 54 years.- 928 39 102 144 14 81 548 55 to 64 vears.. 502 24 48 66 8 34 322 65 years and over_ 262 15 24 25 5 12 181 Native white males. 7,045 334 1.252 1,287 130 836 3,206 Under 10 years 2,011 7 2,004 10 to 14 vears. 1,159 29 63 68 59 940 15 to 19 years.. 792 46 240 215 5 146 140 20 to 24 years... 702 49 241 212 19 156 25 25 to 29 years. 549 33 185 167 22 133 9 :i0 to 34 years.. 472 46 156 135 25 98 12 35 to 44 years.. 717 53 195 275 37 130 27 45 to 54 years. 371 39 100 132 10 69 21 55 to 64 years_ 177 24 48 59 7 27 12 65 years and over.. 95 15 24 24 5 — 11 16 Native white females . 8,690 8 151 45 202 8,281 Under 10 years. 2,146 3 2. 143 10 to 14 years. .. 1.231 4 31 1,196 15 to 19 years 1.128 1 43 5 26 1,053 20 to 24 years 891 2 21 17 17 831 25 to 29 years. . .. 678 2 18 6 26 626 30 to 34 years 572 15 6 25 526 35 to 44 years.. 995 i 30 6 54 904 45 to 54 years. 557 9 12 4 12 527 55 to 04 years 325 1 7 310 65 years and over 167 1 1 165 OCCUPATIONS 453 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age , sex, and race —Continued. CITY OF CIENFUEGOS—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white.... 3,485 178 1,577 405 91 607 627 Under 10 years_ 59 1 58 10 to 14 years_ _ 70 2 15 1 1 51 15 to 19 years-- 169 5 106 6 2 19 31 20 to 24 years_ 459 18 375 38 11 56 61 25 to 29 years ... 515 21 286 46 12 89 61 30 to 34 years .... 502 32 222 70 14 103 61 35 to 44 years ... 850 49 363 121 23 174 120 45 to 54 years ..- 540 36 218 76 14 111 85 55 to 64 years_ 217 9 68 36 9 40 55 65 years and over__ 104 6 23 11 6 14 44 Foreign white males __ 2,900 177 1,562 393 75 574 119 Under 10 years__ 35 1 , 34 10 to 14 years.... 41 2 13 1 1 24 15 to 19 years.. 139 5 106 6 1 18 3 20 to 24 years.. 390 17 274 37 6 52 4 25 to 29 years ___ 445 21 283 43 11 86 1 30 to 34 years.. 429 32 219 69 12 96 1 35 to 44 years .. 716 49 361 116 19 164 7 45 to 54 years... 455 36 214 74 12 106 13 55 to 64 years ... 176 9 68 36 8 39 16 65 years and over_ 74 6 23 11 6 12 16 Foreign white females.. 585 1 15 12 16 33 508 Under 10 years ... 24 24 10 to 14 years.. 29 2 27 15 to 19 years.... 30 1 1 28 20 to 24 years.. 69 1 1 1 5 4 57 25 to 29 years. 70 3 3 1 3 CO 30 to 34 vears. 73 3 1 2 7 60 35 to 44 years . 134 2 5 4 10 113 45 to 54 years .. 85 4 2 2 5 72 55 to 64 years. 41 1 1 39 65 years and over .. 30 2 28 Total colored... 10,818 389 228 1,378 28 2,359 6,436 Under 10 years.. 2,322 1 18 2.303 10 to 14 years. 1,432 16 13 90 150 1,163 15 to 19 years. l’ 206 40 30 262 297 '577 20 to 24 years_ 1,004 31 35 250 4 250 434 25 to 29 years .... 942 43 26 168 4 284 417 30 to 34 years... 827 42 25 171 6 256 327 35 to 44 years__ 1.285 74 41 245 4 451 470 45 to 54 years_ 892 55 27 121 6 350 3:13 55 to 64 years ... . 566 58 26 44 3 218 217 65 years and over . 342 30 4 27 1 85 195 Colored males... 4,644 380 224 1,189 15 1,100 1,736 Under 10 years .. 1,152 1 6 1,145 10 to 14 years_. .. 683 16 12 85 71 499 15 to 19 years_ 484 40 30 220 152 42 20 to 24 years.. 410 30 35 207 1 133 4 25 to 29 years_ 348 42 26 183 143 4 30 to 34 years.. ..._ 313 41 24 136 4 103 5 35 to 44 years.. 530 70 41 227 3 183 6 45 to 54 years.. 347 53 •27 111 3 148 5 55 to 64 years. 250 58 24 44 3 116 5 65 years" and over. 127 30 4 26 1 45 21 Colored females. .. 6,174 9 4 189 13 1,259 4,700 Under 10 years ... 1,170 12 1,158 10 to 14 years.. 749 1 5 79 (>64 15 to 19 years. 722 42 145 535 20 to 24 years.. 594 1 43 3 117 430 25 to 29 years .. 594 1 35 4 141 413 30 to 34 years.. 514 1 1 35 2 153 322 35 to 44 years. 755 4 18 1 268 464 45 to 54 years. 545 2 10 3 202 328 55 to 64 years.. 316 2 102 212 65 years and over.. 215 1 40 174 454 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age , sex, and race —Continued. CITY OF HABANA. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total... 235,981 715 31,351 31,913 3,655 40,366 127,981 Under 10 years. 42,111 2 14 22 1 187 41.885 10 to 14 years. 23,996 11 713 1,579 11 2,094 19,588 . 15 to 19 years. 25.319 37 3,766 4,827 104 4,524 12,061 20 to 24 years. 27.599 78 5,859 5,105 362 5,589 10,606 25 to 29 years ... 26,357 113 5,175 5,215 547 5,943 9,364 30 to 34 years. 21,982 85 4,227 4,207 574 5,209 7,680 35 to 44 years -. 32.354 163 6,283 5,901 960 7,549 11,498 45 to 54 years. 19,414 107 3.273 3,036 645 5,045 7,308 55 to 64 years .. 11.066 70 1,521 1,540 293 2,896 4,746 65 years and over.- 5,783 49 520 481 158 1,330 3,245 Total males.. 123,258 703 31,135 28,187 3,091 26,794 33,348 Under 10 years. 20,726 1 13 17 1 92 20,602 10 to 14 years. 11,700 11 707 1,400 8 1.102 8,472 15 to 19 years. 12,450 37 3,738 4,004 68 2.911 1,692 20 to 24 years .. 15,164 77 5.815 4,383 260 4,075 554 25 to 29 years.-. 15,025 113 5,140 4,677 435 4,348 312 30 to 34 years. 12.418 85 4.204 3,793 509 3,620 207 35 to 44 years. 17,852 162 6.241 5,296 825 4,958 370 45 to 54 years.-. 10,224 106 3,252 2,762 585 3,162 357 55 to 64 years.-. 5,384 69 1,508 1.402 258 1,799 348 65 years and over. 2,315 42 517 453 142 727 434 Total females. 112,723 12 216 3,726 564 13,572 94,633 Under 10 years. 21,385 1 1 5 95 21.283 10 to 14 years. 12,296 6 179 3 992 11.116 15 to 19 years. 12,869 28 823 36 1,613 10,369 20 to 24 years .. 12,435 1 44 722 102 1,514 10,052 25 to 29 years.. 11,332 35 538 112 1,595 9,052 30 to 34 years. 9,564 23 414 65 1,589 7; 473 35 to 44 years. 14,502 1 42 605 135 2; 591 11,128 45 to 54 years. 9,190 1 21 274 60 1,883 6,951 55 to 64 years. 5,682 1 13 138 &5 1,097 4.398 65 years and over.. 3,468 7 3 28 16 603 2,811 Total native white.. 115,532 294 7,931 13,135 2,366 8,972 82,834 Under 10 years. 28,733 2 9 6 1 17 28.698 10 to 14 years. 15,336 9 373 806 5 628 13,515 15 to 19 years .. 14,170 19 1.368 2,496 77 1,528 8,682 20 to 24 years. 12,494 26 1,364 2,291 262 1,626 6,925 25 to 29 years-.. 10,684 35 1,129 2,067 355 1.4:13 5,665 30 to 34 years. 8,678 33 978 1,674 370 1.139 4,484 35 to 44 years__ 12,483 66 1,475 2,146 640 1,435 6,721 45 to 54 years. 6,9!38 40 732 1,026 400 706 4,034 55 to 64 years. 3.919 37 361 464 161 326 2,570 65 years and over.. 2.097 27 142 159 95 134 1,540 Native white males.. 52,940 292 7,845 11,998 2,001 7,832 22.972 Under 10 years. 14,310 1 8 4 1 12 14,284 10 to 14 years. 7,402 9 370 741 3 449 5,830 15 to 19 years. 6,268 19 1,350 2,184 45 1,314 1,356 20 to 24 vears .. 5,531 26 1,335 2,054 184 1,471 461 25 to 29 years .. • 4,900 35 1,116 1,944 279 1,311 215 30 to 34 years. 4,046 33 975 1.559 332 1,022 125 35 to 44 years. 5,545 66 1,461 1.979 561 1,254 221 45 to 54 years.. 2.868 40 728 948 364 618 170 55 to 64 vears.. 1,407 37 361 431 145 273 160 65 years and over. 663 26 141 154 87 108 147 Native white females. 62,592 2 86 1,137 365 1,140 59,862 Under 10 years .. 14,423 1 1 2 5 14.414 10 to 14 years. 7,934 3 65 2 179 7,685 15 to 19 years. 7,902 18 312 32 214 7,326 20 to 24 years. 6,963 29 237 78 155 6,464 25 to 29 years . 5. 784 13 123 76 122 5,4,)0 30 to 34 years. 4.632 3 115 38 117 4 3o9 35 to 44 years. 6.9:38 14 167 79 181 6,497 45 to 54 years. 4.070 4 78 36 88 3,8t)i 55 to 64 years. 2,512 33 16 53 2,410 65 years” and over . l’ 434 1 1 5 8 26 1>.« OCCUPATIONS 455 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race —Continued. CITY OP HABANA—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white. 52,901 274 21,412 7,512 1,074 10,792 11,837 Under 10 years. 1,278 2 1 4 1,271 10 to 14 years.. 1.054 269 70 2 66 647 15 to 19 years.. 3; 689 9 2,179 433 12 479 577 20 to 24 years .. 8,051 35 4,209 997 78 1,631 1,101 25 to 29 years.— 8,770 50 3,770 1,44M 156 1,980 1,374 30 to 34 years.— 7,463 33 2,992 1,190 178 1,782 1,288 35 to 44 years. 11,264 66 4,443 1,829 267 2,515 2,144 45 to 54 years.-.. 6,454 46 2,278 936 209 1,394 1,591 55 to 64 years.— 3,323 22 969 474 116 683 1,059 65 years and over. 1,555 13 301 142 56 258 785 Foreign white males.. 41,190 272 21,304 7,290 891 9,629 1,804 Under 10 years ...- 613 2 1 2 608 10 to 14 years.-. 656 267 66 1 52 270 15 to 19 years.-. 3,118 9 2,169 409 9 428 94 20 to 24 years__ 6,791 35 4,195 968 59 1,486 48 25 to 29 years__ 7,192 50 3,752 1,412 124 1,781 73 30 to 34 years.. 5,972 &3 2,975 1,163 152 1,592 57 35 to 44 years.. 8,854 66 4,418 1,783 214 2,245 128 45 to 54 years .. 4,788 46 2,266 902 186 1,226 162 55 to 64 years ..-. 2,285 22 960 449 98 594 162 65 years and over.— 921 11 300 137 48 223 202 Foreign white females. 11,711 2 108 222 183 1,163 10,033 Under 10 years. 665 2 663 10 to 14 years .. 398 2 4 1 14 377 15 to 19 years... 571 10 24 3 51 483 20 to 24 years __ 1,260 14 29 19 145 1,053 25 to 29 years. 1,578 18 28 32 199 1,301 30 to 34 years.. 1,491 17 27 26 190 1,231 35 to 44 years. 2,410 25 46 53 270 2,016 45 to 54 years ... 1,666 12 34 23 168 1,429 55 to 64 years.. F038 9 25 18 89 '897 65 years"and over. 634 2 1 5 8 35 583 Total colored ___ 67,548 147 2,008 11,266 215 20,602 33,310 Under 10 years. 12,100 3 15 166 11,916 10 to 14 years. 7,606 2 71 703 4 1.400 5,426 15 to 19 years.. 7,460 9 219 1,898 15 2,517 2,802 20 to 24 years. 7,054 17 286 1,817 22 2,332 2,580 25 to 29 years. 6,903 28 276 1,708 36 2,530 2.325 30 to 34 years... 5,841 19 257 1,343 26 2,288 1,908 35 to 44 years... 8,607 31 365 1.926 53 3,599 2,633 45 to 54 years.. 6,022 21 263 1.074 36 2,945 1,683 55 to 64 years. 3,824 11 191 602 16 1,887 1,117 65 years and over. 2,131 9 77 180 7 938 920 Colored males.. 29,128 139 1,986 8,899 199 9,333 8,572 Under 10 years. 5,803 3 12 78 5,710 10 to 14 years... 3,642 2 70 593 4 601 2,372 15 to 19years.. 3,064 9 219 1,411 14 1,169 242 20 to24 years.. 2,842 16 285 1,361 17 1,118 45 25 to 29 years... 2,933 28 272 1,321 32 1,256 24 30 to 34 years. 2,400 19 254 1,071 25 1,006 25 35 to 44 years.. 3,543 30 362 1,534 50 1,459 18 45 to 54 years. 2,568 20 258 912 35 1,318 25 55 to 64 years.... 1,692 10 187 522 15 932 26 65 years and over. 731 5 76 162 7 396 85 Colored females.. 38,420 8 22 2,367 16 11,269 24,738 Under 10 years. 6,297 3 88 6,206 10 to 14 years.. 3i 964 1 110 799 3,054 15 to 19 years.. 4,396 487 1 1,348 2,560 20 to 24 years. 4,212 1 1 456 5 1,214 2 ; 535 25 to 29 years. 3,970 4 387 4 1,274 2,301 30 to34 years.... 3,441 3 272 1 1,282 1,883 35 to 44 years.. 5,154 1 3 392 3 2,140 2,615 45 to54 years.... 3,544 1 5 162 1 1,627 1,658 55 to 64 years . 2,132 1 4 80 1 955 1,091 65 years and over_ 1,400 4 1 18 542 835 456 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXV.— Grand groups of occupations by age , sex, and race —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total..-. 36,374 1,823 3,338 4,125 426 4,608 22,054 TTndpr 10 years... 7.328 4 2 1 33 7 288 10 to 14 years. 4,876 84 125 216 5 307 4.1:59 15 to 19 years. 4.187 281 422 692 22 550 2.220 20 to 24 years. 3.751 251 524 661 43 585 1,687 25 to 29 years. 3,374 235 449 547 65 585 1.493 30 to 34 years. 2.679 212 371 449 57 513 1.077 35 to 44 years .. 4.384 301 681 786 102 847 1,667 45 to 54 years .. 2.908 214 409 444 65 607 1,169 55 to 64 years . . 1.759 140 247 222 46 379 ( fV*) 65 years and over. 1.128 105 106 106 20 202 589 Total males. 16,926 1,805 3,304 3,217 333 2,003 6,264 Under 10 years ... 3.642 4 1 1 14 3 622 10 to 14 years. 2,343 83 125 158 4 127 1,846 15 to 19 years. 1.787 281 417 469 13 243 364 20 to 24 years .. 1,671 251 521 491 26 310 72 25 to 29 years. 1.470 235 447 411 43 277 57 30 to 34 years. 1.243 211 370 361 46 216 39 35 to 44 years.. 2.103 296 673 657 89 336 52 45 to 54 years... 1.332 211 406 376 56 299 61 55 to 64 years. 867 137 246 204 38 180 62 65 years and over. 468 100 95 89 17 78 89 Total females. 19,448 18 34 908 93 2,605 15,790 Under 10 years .. 3.686 1 19 3,666 10 to 14 years .. 2,533 1 58 i 180 2.293 15 to 19 years . 2.400 5 223 9 307 1 n S56 20 to 24 years __ 2.080 3 170 17 275 1.615 25 to 29 years. 1.904 2 136 22 308 1.436 30 to 34 years .. 1.436 1 1 88 11 297 1,038 35 to 44 years. 2,281 5 8 129 13 511 1.615 45 to 54 years___ 1,576 3 3 68 9 385 1,108 55 to 64 years. 892 3 1 18 8 199 663 65 years and over.. 660 5 11 17 3 124 500 Total native white. 20,931 857 1,562 1,979 291 1,200 15.042 Under 10 years. 4.823 4 2 4 4.813 10 to 14 years. 3,279 62 98 108 2 111 2.898 15 to 19 years. 2.738 185 296 324 19 202 1.712 20 to 24 years. 2.242 144 298 338 30 205 1,227 25 to 29 years. 1.869 127 212 265 40 175 1.050 30 to 34 years. 1,399 104 166 217 37 137 7:38 35 to 44 years. 2,240 115 277 401 70 204 1,173 45 to 54 years.. 1.306 70 136 196 50 101 753 55 to 64 years .. 667 35 57 88 31 46 410 65 years and over. 368 — 15 18 40 12 15 268 Native white males. 9,219 857 1,553 1,556 216 875 4,162 Under 10 years. 2,438 4 1 2 2,431 10 to 14 years. 1.567 62 98 72 1 65 L269 15 to 19 years. 1.124 185 293 229 10 138 269 20 to 24 years .. 920 144 295 256 14 165 46 25 to 29 years . 723 127 212 203 23 i:34 24 30 to 34 years. 595 104 165 178 30 98 20 35 to 44 years. 960 115 275 334 61 148 27 45 to 54 years. 518 70 136 170 42 74 26 55 to 64 years. 260 35 57 81 25 37 65 years and over. 114 15 18 32 10 14 25 Native white females.. 11,712 9 423 . 75 325 10,880 Under 10 years. 2,385 i •) 2.382 10 to 14 years. 1.712 36 i 46 1.629 15 to 19 years. 1.614 3 95 9 64 1.443 20 to 24 years. 1.322 3 82 16 40 1.181 25 to 29 years. 1.146 62 17 41 1,026 30 to 34 years. 804 1 39 39 718 35 to 44 years. 1.280 *> 67 9 56 1.146 45 to 54 years. 788 26 8 27 '727 55 to 64 years. 407 6 9 385 65 years and over. 254 8 = - ■ 1 — 2443 OCCUPATIONS 457 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race. —Continued. CITY OF MATANZAS—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white. 3,644 225 1,422 377 110 483 1.027 Tinder 10 years _ 92 1 91 lit to 14 years .. 47 9 2 3 33 15 to 19 years.... 156 4 85 4 1 19 43 20 to 24 years... 433 14 193 47 10 84 85 25 to 29 years.. 469 26 198 58 21 72 94 30 to 34 years. 411 29 174 45 15 67 81 35 to 44 years. 769 56 95 28 96 139 45 to 54 years. 587 43 222 71 12 70 169 55 to 64 years .- 415 33 133 40 12 53 164 65 years and over. 245 20 53 17 8 19 128 Foreign white males. 2,695 225 1,415 365 94 412 184 Under 10 years_ , 51 1 50 10 to 14 years .. 24 9 2 3 10 15 to 19 years.. 116 4 84 4 1 19 4 20 to 24 years. 350 14 193 43 10 77 13 25 to 29 years... 375 26 196 58 16 66 13 3) to 34 years... 320 29 174 43 12 52 10 35 to 44 years. 618 56 352 91 24 so 15 45 to 54 years.... 419 43 221 70 11 55 19 55 to 64 years.. 284 33 133 39 10 46 23 65 years and over.. 138 20 53 17 7 14 27 Foreign white females. 949 7 12 16 71 843 Under 10 years . 41 41 10 to 14 years . 23 23 15 to 19 years__ 40 1 39 20 to 24 years ... 83 4 7 72 25 to 29 years.. 94 2 5 6 81 30 to 34 years . _ 91 2 3 15 71 35 to 44 years __ 151 3 4 4 16 124 45 to 54 years... 168 1 1 1 15 150 55 to 64 years 151 1 2 7 141 65 years” and over. 107 1 5 101 Total colored_ 11,799 741 354 1,769 25 2,925 5,985 Under 10 years... 2,413 29 2,384 10 to 14 years.... 1,550 22 18 108 1 193 1,208 15 to 19 years. 1,293 92 41 364 2 329 465 20 to 24 years. 1,076 93 33 276 3 296 3*5 25 to 29 years.. 1,036 82 39 224 4 338 349 30 to 34 years.... 869 79 31 187 5 309 258 35 to 44 years.. 1,375 130 49 290 4 547 355 45 to 54 years.... 1.015 101 51 177 3 436 247 55 to 61 years.. 657 72 57 94 3 280 151 65 years and over.. 515 70 35 49 168 193 Colored males... 5,012 723 336 1,296 23 716 1,918 Under 10 years . 1,153 12 1.141 10 to 14 years. 752 21 18 86 1 59 567 15 to 19 years. 547 92 40 236 2 86 91 20 to 24 years. 401 93 33 192 2 68 13 25 to 29 years____ 372 82 39 150 4 77 20 30 to 34 years.. 328 78 31 140 4 66 9 35 to 44 years... 525 125 46 232 4 108 10 45 to 54 years. 395 98 49 136 3 93 16 55 to 64 years. 323 69 56 84 3 97 14 65 years and over. 216 65 24 40 50 37 Colored females. 6,787 18 18 473 2 2,209 4,067 Under 10 years. 1,260 17 1,243 10 to 14 years. '798 1 22 134 641 15 to 19 years. 746 1 128 243 374 20 to 24 years. 675 84 1 228 362 25 to 29 years. 664 74 261 329 30 to 34 years__ 541 1 47 1 243 249 35 to 44 years. 850 5 3 58 439 345 45 to 54 years___ 620 3 2 41 343 231 55 to 64 years . ... 314 3 1 10 183 137 65 years and over. 299 5 11 9 118 156 458 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Taele XXV. — < crand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race —Continued. CIT V OP PUERTO PRINCIPE. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries. and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total... 25,102 689 1,415 2,222 233 3,879 16,664 Under 10 years.. 5.872 1 1 10 5 860 10 to 14 years.. 3.219 12 40 109 1 247 2,810 15 to 19 years... 2, (548 76 208 370 8 585 1,401 20 to 24 years. 2,005 65 195 314 24 444 963 25 to 29 years__ 1.626 53 122 263 27 379 782 30 to 34 years.. 1.839 65 174 234 36 444 886 35 to 44 years... 3,079 142 321 371 64 728 1,453 45 to 54 years... 2.263 115 209 296 37 494 1,112 55 to 64 years _.... 1.530 92 93 188 22 319 816 65 years and over_ 1.021 69 52 76 14 229 581 Total males. 10,912 683 1,371 1,874 189 2,317 4,478 Under 10 years.. 2.933 1 1 4 2 927 10 to 14 years.. 1,515 10 39 96 1 162 1,207 15 to 19 years. 1.038 74 204 295 4 365 96 20 to 24 years_ 847 63 194 267 17 285 21 25 to 29 years. 667 53 120 221 16 235 22 30 to 34 years ... 740 65 168 194 27 260 26 35 to 44 years. 1,276 142 313 3C1 57 416 47 45 to 54 years. 902 115 194 257 35 270 31 55 to 64 years. 591 92 88 170 19 175 47 65 years and over. 403 69 50 72 13 145 54 Total females.. 14,190 6 44 348 44 1,562 12,186 Under 10 years. 2,939 6 2,933 10 to 14 years. 1,704 2 1 13 85 1,603 15 to 19 years. 1.610 2 4 75 4 220 1,305 20 to 24 years ... 1.158 2 1 47 7 159 942 25 to 29 years.. . 959 2 42 11 141 760 30 to 34 years.. 1.099 6 40 9 184 860 35 to 44 years__ 1.803 8 70 7 312 1.406 45 to 54 years... 1.361 15 39 2 224 1,081 55 to 64 years . 939 5 18 3 144 '769 65 years” and over. 618 2 4 1 84 527 Total native white. 16,505 463 889 969 167 1,832 i2,185 Under 10 years .. 4.281 1 5 4,275 10 to 14 years. 2,344 10 37 49 163 2,085 15 to 19 years... h 840 57 162 179 5 373 1,064 ‘20 to 24 years___ 1.233 46 119 131 18 211 708 25 to 29 years___ 931 39 62 101 17 162 550 30 to 34 years .. . 1,178 47 109 102 30 221 669 35 to 44 years.. 1.974 108 211 192 48 341 1,074 45 to 54 years .. 1,337 70 111 110 24 200 822 55 to 64 years__ 890 55 59 72 15 104 585 65 years and over.. 497 31 19 32 10 52 353 Native white males .. 6,764 458 862 769 131 1,301 3,243 Under 10 years. 2,119 1 1 2,117 10 to 14 vears. 1.080 8 36 42 118 876 15 to 19 years. 713 55 158 133 2 283 82 20 to 24 years. 464 45 118 108 11 165 17 25 to 29 years. 338 39 61 85 12 123 18 30 to 34 years. 432 47 106 81 21 157 20 35 to 44 5 r ears. 764 108 205 144 41 231 35 45 to 54 years. 4:44 70 104 89 22 119 30 55 to 64 years .. 272 55 55 58 13 64 27 65 years and over. 148 31 19 28 9 40 21 Native white females.. 9,741 5 27 200 36 531 8,942 Under 10 years. 2,162 4 2.158 10 to 14 years. 1,264 2 1 7 45 1,209 15 to 19 years. 1.127 2 4 46 3 90 982 20 to 24 years. 769 1 1 23 r* 7 46 691 25 to 29 years. 593 1 16 5 39 532 30 to 34 years.. 7 m 3 21 9 64 649 35 to 44 years. 1,210 6 48 Pf 4 110 1,039 45 to 54 years.. 903 4 21 2 81 792 55 to 64 years 618 4 14 2 40 558 <55 years” and over.- 349 4 1 12 332 OCCUPATIONS 459 Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, and race —Continued. CITY OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total foreign white. 1,283 72 426 115 40 376 254 Under 10 years 39 39 10 to 14 years _ 31 3 1 27 15 to 19 years. 61 2 38 1 2 4 14 20 to 24 years... 157 5 72 11 3 40 26 25 to 29 years. 174 5 55 32 8 61 13 30 to 34 years... 132 6 53 11 2 45 15 35 to 44 years_ 266 13 87 26 8 98 34 45 to 54 years... 217 23 76 20 9 72 17 55 to 04 years__ 130 11 24 9 5 39 42 65 years and over_ 76 7 18 5 3 16 27 Foreign white males.. 1,084 72 425 112 34 352 89 Under 10 years. 23 23 10 to 14 years.. 16 3 13 15 to 19 years. 46 2 38 1 1 1 3 20 to 24 years. 128 5 72 11 3 35 2 25 to 29 years. 158 5 55 32 4 60 2 30 to 34 years... 122 6 53 11 2 45 5 35 to 44 years .. 237 13 87 25 8 93 11 45 to 54 years 196 23 76 18 9 70 55 to 64 years.. 100 11 24 9 4 33 19 65 years and over. 58 7 17 5 3 15 11 Foreign white females. 199 . 1 3 6 24 165 Under 10 years. 16 16 10 to 14 years. 15 1 14 15 to 19 years.. 15 i 3 11 20 to 24 years.- 29 5 24 25 to 29 years. 16 4 1 11 30 to 34 years... 10 10 35 to 44 years. 29 1 5 23 45 to 54 years._ _. 21 2 2 17 55 to 64 years.. 30 1 6 23 65 years and over._ 18 1 1 16 Total colored. 7,314 154 100 1,138 26 1,671 4,225 Under 10 years. 1,552 1 5 1,546 10 to 14years.. 844 2 60 1 83 '698 15 to 19 years .. 747 17 8 190 1 208 323 20 to 24 years... 615 14 4 172 3 193 229 25 to 29 years... 521 9 5 130 2 156 219 30 to 34 years.. 529 12 12 121 4 178 202 35 to 44 years.. 839 21 23 153 8 289 345 45 to 54 years.. 709 22 22 166 4 222 273 55 to 64 years. 510 26 10 107 2 176 189 65 years and over. 448 31 15 39 1 161 201 Colored males. 3,064 153 84 993 24 664 1,146 Under 10 years. 791 1 3 787 10 to 14 years... 419 2 54 l 44 318 15 to 19 years.. 279 17 8 161 1 81 11 20 to 24 years. 255 13 4 148 3 85 2 25 to 29 years. 171 9 4 104 52 2 30 to 34 years.. 186 12 9 102 4 58 1 35 to 44 years... 275 21 21 132 8 92 1 45 to 54 years. 272 22 14 150 4 81 . 1 55 to 64 years.... 219 26 9 103 2 78 1 65 years and over. 197 31 14 39 1 90 22 Colored females. 4,250 1 16 145 2 1,007 3,079 Under 10 years. 761 2 759 10 to 14 years.. . 425 6 39 380 15 to 19 years. 468 29 127 312 20 to 24 years. 360 1 24 108 227 25 to 29 years. 350 1 26 2 104 217 30 to 34 years. 343 3 19 120 201 35 to 44 years. 564 2 21 197 344 45 to 54 years. 437 8 16 141 272 55 to 64 years... 291 1 4 98 188 65 years and over.. 251 1 71 179 460 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXV .—Grand groups of occupations by age , sex , and race —Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful occupa¬ tion. Total...- - 43,090 1,419 3,063 6,381 429 5,449 26,349 Under 10 years. 8.612 1 1 6 37 8,567 10 to 14 years . 6,028 83 85 449 289 5,12-1 15 to 19 years.. 5; 071 160 474 1,401 43 618 2,375 20 to 24 years. 3,815 151 449 921 62 667 1,565 25 to 29 years. 3.604 141 399 811 61 721 1,471 30 to 34 years.-. 3.707 166 396 862 49 733 1,501 35 to 44 years. 5,862 304 678 1,120 106 1,144 2,510 45 to 54 years. 3,590 228 365 545 57 7:36 1,65S 55 to 64 years.. 1,832 109 160 202 36 376 949 65 years and over. 969 76 56 64 15 128 630 Total males... 19,922 1,390 2,979 4,980 317 3,299. 6,957 Under 10 years... 4,256 1 1 6 17 4,231 10 to 14 years . _ 2,879 80 85 359 163 2,192 15 to 19 years. 2; 210 158 473 935 12 381 251 20 to 24 years.. 1,760 151 442 658 28 451 30 25 to 29 years. 1,727 140 393 619 45 511 19 30 to 34 years-- 1,778 160 387 712 41 458 20 35 to 44 years. 2.743 298 657 942 89 699 58 45 to 54 years. 1,569 223 337 501 53 401 54 55 to 64 years... 683 106 152 188 34 157 46 65 years and over. 317 73 52 60 15 61 56 Total females.— 23,168 29 84 1,401 112 2,150 19.392 TTnrler 10 years _ 4 .356 20 4.336 10 to 14 years ... 3,149 3 90 126 2.930 15 to 19 years ... 2,861 2 1 466 31 237 2,124 20 to 24 vears . . 2.055 7 263 34 216 1.535 25 to 29 years .... 1,877 1 6 192 16 210 1,452 30 to 34 vears. 1,929 6 9 150 8 275 1,481 35 to 44 years---- 3.119 6 21 178 17 445 2,452 45 to 54 years.. .- 2,021 5 28 44 4 335 1,605 55 to 64 years... 1.149 3 8 14 2 219 903 65 years and over.. 652 3 4 4 67 574 Total native white ... 15,258 402 1,313 1,296 313 946 10,988 TTnrler 10 vears 3.656 1 1 4 3,650 10 to 14 years 2,281 33 59 86 49 2.054 15 to 19 years. 1,887 62 278 299 35 155 i;058 20 to 24 years. 1.324 56 219 195 45 158 651 25 to 29 years .. 1.095 36 136 176 39 136 572 30 to 34 years . _ 1.145 32 159 171 35 126 622 35 to 44 years-- 1.869 92 271 230 82 187 1,007 45 to 54 years.. 1.128 48 124 92 40 94 730 55 to 64 years ... .. 567 29 46 36 26 25 405 65 years and over. 306 13 20 11 11 12 239 Native white males.. 6,702 400 1,304 859 217 817 3,105 Under 10 years. 1.868 1 1 3 1,863 10 to 14 years ___ 1.099 33 59 53 38 916 15 to 19 years .. 808 62 278 165 7 137 159 20 to 24 years ... 570 56 217 119 17 141 20 25 to 29 years .. 443 36 135 109 28 121 14 30 to 34 years. 461 31 159 1 27 107 15 35»to 44 years. 783 91 268 167 67 156 34 45 to 54 vears. 400 48 121 82 36 83 3) 55 to 64 years ... . 184 29 46 31 24 22 32 65 years and over. 86 13 20 11 11 9 22 Native white females. 8,556 2 _ 9 437 96 129 7,883 Under 10 years. 1.788 1 1,787 . 10 to 14 years. 1. 182 :13 11 1.138 15 to 19 years. 1,079 i:i4 28 18 899 20 to 24 years. 754 2 76 28 17 on 25 to 29 years. 652 1 67 11 15 558 3< 1 to 34 years. 684 1 49 8 19 607 35 to 44 years. 1,086 1 3 63 15 31 973 45 to 54 years . 728 3 10 4 11 700 55 to 64 vears . 383 5 2 3 373 65 years and over . 220 3 217 --- - I--- OCCUPATIONS 461 Table XXV.— Grand groups of occupations big age, sex, and race— Continued. CITY OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Total. Agricul¬ ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and trans¬ porta¬ tion. Manu¬ factur¬ ing and mechan¬ ical in¬ dustries. Profes¬ sional service. Personal service. Without gainful oocupa- tion. Total foreign white . 3,440 232 1,210 276 68 918 736 TTyi/Iat* 10 vasts 163 163 1 fl t.r> 1 4. vpars _ _ _ 88 10 7 71 15 to 19 years_ 216 5 109 13 3 27 59 20 to 24 years .. 403 19 180 25 10 99 70 25 to 29 years - . 572 33 201 56 15 190 77 30 to 34 years.-. 494 48 169 49 10 156 62 35 to 44 years _- - - 821 69 298 73 13 262 106 45 to 54 years -- 461 41 162 47 11 138 62 55 to 64 years.- - -. 151 12- 61 12 3 33 30 65 years and over. 71 5 20 1 3 6 36 Foreign white males- 2,795 232 1,195 254 63 882 169 TTnrlm' 10 vasts 84 84 ID tn 14 vears _ _ 43 10 6 27 15 to 19 years. 153 5 109 8 3 24 4 20 to 24 years ... 325 19 177 22 9 96 2 25 to 29 years- - 479 33 199 53 12 180 2 30 to 34 years_ 423 48 167 46 10 150 2 35 to 44 years .. 705 69 292 69 12 253 10 45 to 54 years__ 408 41 161 44 11 136 15 55 to 64 years .. 125 12 61 ll 3 31 7 65 years and over. 50 5 19 1 3 6 16 Foreign white females. 645 15 22 5 36 567 Under 10 vears 79 79 10 to 14 years _ . . 45 i 44 IS t,r> 19 years 63 5 3 55 20 to 24 years_ _ 78 3 ' 3 i 3 68 25 to 29 years _ 93 2 3 3 10 75 30 t,o 34 years _ _ _ _ _ 71 2 3 6 60 35 to 44 years _ _ 116 6 4 i 9 96 46 to 64 years 53 1 3 2 47 66 to 64 vears 26 1 2 23 66 vears arid over 21 1 20 Total colored.. 24,392 785 540 4,809 48 3,585 14,625 TTnder 10 years _ _ 4,793 6 33 4.754 1 0 to 14 years _ __ 3,659 50 16 363 233 2,997 15 to 19 years . . 2,968 93 87 1,089 5 436 1,258 20 to 24 years_ 2,088 76 50 701 7 410 844 25 to 29 years - . 1,937 72 62 579 7 395 822 30 to 34 years_ 2,068 . 86 68 642 4 451 817 35 to 44 years_ _ 3,172 143 109 817 11 695 1,397 45 to 54 years_ 2,001 139 79 406 6 504 867 55 to 64 years ... 1,114 68 53 154 7 318 514 65 years and over . . 592 58 16 52 1 110 355 Colored males __ 10,425 758 480 3,867 37 1,600 3,683 Under 10 years __ 2,304 6 14 2,284 10 to 14 years .... 1.737 47 16 306 119 1,249 15 to 19 years .. T249 91 86 762 2 220 ' 88 20 to 24 years ... 865 76 48 517 2 214 8 25 to 29 years _ 805 71 59 457 5 210 3 30 to 34 years. . 894 81 61 544 4 201 3 35 to 44 years .. 1,255 138 97 706 10 290 14 45 to 54 years. . 761 1:34 55 375 6 182 9 55 to 64 vears ... 374 65 45 146 7 104 7 65 years" and over. 181 55 13 48 1 46 18 Colored females.. 13,967 27 60 942 11 1,985 10,942 Under 10 years. 2,489 19 2.470 10 to 14 years .. 1.922 3 57 114 1, 748 15 to 19 years . . . . 1,719 2 1 327 3 216 1,170 20 to 24 years . . 1,223 2 184 5 196 836 25 to 29 years... 1,132 1 3 122 2 185 819 30 to 34 years. . 1,174 5 7 98 250 814 35 to 44 years . 1,917 5 12 111 i 405 1,383 45 to 54 years .. 1,240 5 24 31 322 858 55 to 64 vears.. 740 3 8 8 214 507 65 years and over_ _ 411 3 3 4 . 64 337 462 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXVI. — Occupations , by sex, race, and nativity. CUBA. Occupation. Actor*?. Agents (real estate, etc.) and col¬ lectors. Apprentices. Architects and draftsmen. Artists. Bakers . Bankers and brokers. Barbers and hairdressers. Blacksmiths.-. Boarding-house keepers. Boiler makers. Bookbinders. Bookkeepers. Box makers (wood). Brickmakers. Broom and brush makers. Builders and contractors. Butchers.. Cabinetmakers. Carpenters. Charcoal burners. Clerks and copyists. Clergymen. Commercial travelers. Confectioners. Coopers . Dairymen. Dentists.. Draymen and hackmen. Dressmakers. Engineers (civil) and surveyors.. Engineers and firemen (station¬ ary engines). Engravers. Fishermen. Foremen and overseers. Gardeners and florists. Gold and silver workers. Gunsmiths..... Harness makers. Hostlers. Hotel and restaurant keepers .... Housekeepers and stewards. Hucksters and peddlers. Janitors and sextons. Journalists. Laborers. Launderers and laundresses. Lawyers. Linemen (telegraph, etc.). Literary and scientific persons... Livery-stable keepers. Lumbermen. Machinists.. Masons. Mechanics.. Merchants... Messengers and office boys. Miners and quarry men. Molders... Musicians. Nurses. Officials, government. Officials of manufacturing com¬ panies . Operatives (cigar factories). Packers and shippers. Painters. Photographers. Physicians and surgeons. Piano makers. Planters... Plumbers. Policemen and watchmen. Porters. Potters. Printers, lithographers, etc. sses. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. 18 19 9 38 9 29 308 278 35 1,254 125 1,164 86 68 8 53 116 21 105 32 20 18 2,098 7 1,231 2,097 11 121 98 1,420 470 1,459 915 598 815 2 ’ 5 8 1 7 1 288 157 34 34 17 2 4 211 4 122 2 60 44 54 45 31 33 11 1 8 19 15 12 151 184 146 87 57 63 5,120 2,758 6,326 11 444 6 490 663 5 1,738 458 52 80 199 4 36 68 1 3 30 38 45 3 351 77 521 54 58 13 277 48 29 1,634 2,327 1,402 419 107 61 251 3i5 260 42 64 202 235 12 10 2 1,514 434 314 23 39 9 7 35 167 2 101 5 316 48 190 30 22 7 686 131 580 91 183 123 4 21 1 25 1 23 2 15 138 11 108 3 14 1 115 441 14 389 11 697 90 23 12 5 149 79 17 8,860 192,737 1,346 43,572 120 114,208 7,394 20,980 267 3,045 556 380 415 17,555 1.231 172 3 30 18 1 4 93 2 69 2 9 9 10 5 19 21 40 503 262 193 1,173 898 4.486 3,U7 874 651 414 18 i 253 134 25,236 189 3,362 91 134 36 66 49 683 122 175 32 35 46 153 27 172 16 257 3 284 69 77 146 137 24 70 330 126 17 21 23 9 1,580 11,802 1,199 2 721 51 8,066 330 22 13 48 789 345 397 7 131 6 72 1 9 996 217 10 6 9 18 2,137 10 512 1 606 7 18 15 10 3,109 921 794 31 13 4 171 30 76 18 1,138 17 270 73 1 tn - h* C* O'* rH rH rf kO rH xcooi'M^Hio^o^cOrHccccco op cciooOr-iHH^ K lO X lO CH- H X t>* u5 Ci Q lO X WXOCOW rH H HCOH O rH ■H* *-h Oi w ce "d aS C c8 o IM V, ® $ ® '3 93 Deo CO ONCHWiOXW 05 i>» ’H iO C£ O C5 — — xx o o rHCj X rH X rH 1 X * 0 V •rH X 03 m . -*4 ^ to co .to CC ^-^COr-l —4IN CO 03 L £ © d a a « N 5 * ■s 2 « sa.3 cc—<* H- -r "H W -Cl O -M rH )QXHNHNXCClCCCfl50^CC i- —< ^ ^ C^ H* C5 )W4XQCOHXOHvCliiCO —^ QNONO»CiC - ‘Wwhhohww co 35 ri x*o »c C'l a -H © © *-> aS -*-H X X ~ 0 ) o 4-* ce 8 ® . 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O £* — Sh X 03 5- s a- 0) cS 03 L o a X IX- cS C = ICO OCCUPATIONS 473 iO M T—I CO >C • iWlOtO • OHH'-DQ^H .N^05M ^ CO t- 5S o CO M t-H rHCO 05 ( CO -H CO 00 1 r-H M (CO 05 M r-H M CO CO CO ©COM iO iCCO 'CO CO COt-MCOCOlOMCO 0 050000HH HNHOHN t-h CO M O5C0HCOO5HHH M N N H O H CO CO M rH M t- HH CO 05lOr-H rH CO CO CO rH rH S3 § CO O © CO CO rH CO HOl> »OCOCO*OiOCOCOCO HIQHH CO CO rH M H - CC O H h r« H M rH rH CO M ^ CO © of wV H 00 M >M IW ^QiON M rH © rH M M rH rH 0 0)05 0) *o t-iOCO M 58 MOO HH HnN 05 CO CO M CO 05 rH lO CO O CO 00 COi- 0) 051 rH N tH CO IC 00 05 CO HO) iCrH CO rH iN (M rHOO 3S 05 05 CO H 01 CO 05 CO CO 05 05 CO CO (HHiO rH CO ( 0 ) 0 - CO rH ( M T rH CO 05 COCO CO 05 CO M HbjMCO M CO O M 1 rH rH H" 1 rH r rH CO M rH rH » CO CO 05 CO CO rH CO HH CO CO rH COO Ol Ol rH CO 0) COOQODrHNOHO rHCOMCO—-CCCOCO rH X HNH^) rH rH 3 CO 05 05 CO H( rH 05 rH lO i>- CO UO CO rH t— CO to co oT rH OOOOOOC) COOhOXH hhoh CO 8 rH of •-H 1,145 139 1,003 6 2,668 28 3,889 33 240 COCOiOCOMHrHrH OOCOXHHCOlC M rH M 05 t—T ofnT r-T rH NN 05 ONO>CN0t)S® eo N©-+HKO^ OHO 05 »o 63 CO -H O^ O'! 05 CO CO 05 CO 1 —i 05 CO iO O CO CO r-H 05 r© ire a ire 05 01 0! h* <30 t- ti t- 00 05 r-H H* O CO CO 1^ HI 05 05 05 CO CO 0 i- O) CO »0 ON 10 r^ 05 10 CO CO COiOH^COCOt- M GO O) iO M rH »o COCO »o CO CO M CO t- iO CO 0 -H CO iO CO r- © t-H rH I CO-PO 01 T-H 05 CO CO £ a> -© 03 ins a c3 a> © . a> , a <53 © © 0) ©d a o -© -d -d © r\ H—» -d a 50 §-a a 03 2 •© ■ ■ © 33 03 © - m C/5 ,r ~{ r (H . ■ Ih oi u ^ 03 O 2iS vi> 1/ P.©03 03Oa® r d®a ^ d »rs4<(^ r o fl t © a © ©-2 Sd 3 c: 2 ® 5 o a a jg g cs eg eg .a ."d 1 M 03 © © a © © m © -2 © $ a rH c g C0 +-> CO a co r-H 2 •d O © 03 eg eg 03 M © ■a — a eg a ,a -a © © © © © © © o -3 a .g 03 rl © bC © £ 1 . >■ 03 O ®d a © a >1 a 03 ce © © © © d rH r-H .a o 03 .5 »3 © ® 1 ?H -P S rH rH PJ a.a © a D a > g o M 0'S 03 03 'a'cS o 4-1 O Cg ©H © 03 a © be a ‘3 eg - a® a^ gs v 53 be© a ® Pi O 03 © © a a 2 03 -d a a ■ 03 ; a I o I © > bo !S . GQ £ *d ® a © rd a 4 ) a*d a § a © -H e3 cS 1 ^ HH 11 r-H ' r C la'ceOd'^ ! 03 2 ©.s a £ 43 a osS^S'SO^aS 03 © © ai a eg © be O 03 OS n . _, © ^ 4j 1 a to M C 1 4H ' rH S © ts ,S -© a : « o o © ® a. Cl, Cl, a © a d o ©^ ©T5 03 01 © © a © 03 © © -d f—H •rH a a -© eg O rO X a d © a a gdg 3 a a n 03 O © o _ 43 a © ® a'eg eg Kccmcocccccc Table XXXI. — Occupations by sex and place of birth — Continued. 474 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. © P a • r-^ *3 a o o I CQ & O Other coun¬ tries. ^COOl cot- • 0105 1-0 COiO ' ^ CO l rH 1© rH • rH : : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Asia. CGi—' Ol '-H 1 1 i co *© • 1 Ol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 • 1 xo rH Aus¬ tralia. • i • i • i • i i i • i i i • i * 1 1 1 1 i l i i l 1 1 1 I • 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 • I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • III 1 1 1 1 • 1 • 1 1 1 1 I • • 1 1 1 1 • i i i l i i i i i i • i i i i i • Africa. i CO • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -^oi ! 'cooi ■ i i i i i ■ i i i i i • i CO ' i • i • • i i l • rH i i • i i i i Ger¬ many. rH S© rH • • i rH CO ‘CO ill i III 1 ill i III i ill i III i «i| i i i i i • i i i • • • i • • ■ i CO • • 1 1 1 1 1 1 Great Britain. rH QOH rH • it i rH i rH ' CO • CO Ol rH • 1 i I rH • 1 • 1 1 III I III 1 II* • III 1 oi ! i i i ■ • • • a ft oi eocsio hiOlO O N iff MH X C 1! iff ffl HiffiffH-tN 25 ~ CO CO t- O CO CO Ol — 00 — JO 03 © P a •H a o o go w a S a ◄ H O H a 1 1 • co i ■ i ■ i ■ • i i i i i i i • i i i i i i 'p ■ i i i ■ i i • • i i i a a i i i ■ ■ i i • i i • • c3 i i i i ■ i i • i • • • o i i i i • i i ■ i • • • 'S ® .2 ® •»H "+Z -M EcO Ngeo CO > CC — IN o o •rH © co a jL £§a fl S © 5 & • gil CO Ol Ol _o X a © 'O a ■os coot © £ 3d s- u £2 OICO CO — l- 01 55 S co Ol OlO 01 oit- >a — ©N 01 CCCO —050 — 35 t- CO 5C — — . — — — Ol Oliff-ff o Eh 1’ Ol — CQ O Ol — CO ^ Q co — co 55 03 — -N WH 30 CO GO CQ ^ 1-1 CO C — il5 — — f —1-0 i.O X t* © — a © c J3 X © X © © ,, >>r- o ?? a 5 © a rr CD )** ^ o o — ft a * X ■ ^ ® X ® >5 o ft a s >> a ► © X ^ •*;_ CD o -* OB ~ E ~ tt* ~ © ® S O — J4 © ■jffa^oa — © © fe o o _ J O -*-» -4-» ^ X XX XXX X £ £ > > o 5* © CD E © A) © a o .a n I—1 — .. X ” X ©I h fc. © -. pS s © t«— a © 3 a a CCEhEh X X c. fe a a *~ •? ^ a — © © rHfH CD - © CD - • CD • u, • © S S3 §a fcffta 2 © 5 0 3 a 31 o -a © ~z □ ■ £ X X 5. © ft © © % P o -3 ——« m CD —« ^ ■— a a ©.a Eh © a — - ©a; X ©I © a x a fc. s ©X! icP*— 1 .a. ri ^ 03 J, 2 ® £ 2£, t~> — — ce o a O t. - O C 4= CC^ac- — X 2 — a X 5- t p o a 3fl P 3 ! O 2-S > © rP o © c3 I to O-rS CD L, ;p,®S3a I 2260 DO to © .P P. ^ © aj !H t. » . © to © ,P P. cS to bfi O ,P -1-5 tl to to © © O W VL/ 45+3! © o p P Cl, do Do CO a s © X CO o a s a > +5 P P eg © to © © p O rP P, © © +5 03 P a p © © © . © p.£» CIS O 0.1 P fH *a8&s.§s* coa?cz2ccccco £*g g§^| 5 © © p ccHE-* 470 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXXII. — Occupations by provinces. Occupation. Total. Habana. City of Habana. Matan- zas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Prin¬ cipe. Santa Clara. Santi¬ ago. Actors. 104 69 58 9 1 2 9 14 Agents (real estate, etc.) and collectors . 621 253 225 67 85 27 126 63 Apprentices.-. 2,543 1,720 1,424 19 59 14 355 376 Architects and draftsmen. 162 122 106 9 5 2 14 10 Artists___ 294 211 199 8 15 3 24 33 Bakers.. 5,444 1,499 895 587 361 340 1,108 1,549 Bankers and brokers. 219 197 192 4 3 11 4 Barbers and hairdressers.. 3,349 1,239 927 347 115 192 824 632 Blacksmiths.. 2,328 728 539 358 89 112 563 478 Boarding-house keepers... 22 5 5 3 7 3 4 Boiler makers. 479 154 83 144 2 137 42 Bookbinders_ _ 53 32 29 5 6 10 Bookkeepers... .339 226 204 23 10 11 49 20 Box makers (wood). 158 155 146 1 2 Briekmakers . 109 29 2 5 36 3 36 Broom and brush makers.. 20 13 12 2 5 Builders and contractors.. 46 18 14 7 6 6 9 Butchers.. 481 265 220 37 14 9 58 98 Cabinetmakers. 207 138 124 9 5 1 11 43 Carpenters... 14,204 4,754 3.195 2,111 724 651 3.180 2,784 Charcoal burners. 1,608 233 150 376 57 14 577 351 Clerks and copyists.. 2,248 920 730 306 55 204 489 274 Clergymen.. 283 117 89 44 20 16 50 30 Commercial travelers. 105 76 72 5 2 1 18 3 Confectioners__ 116 55 46 l 4 11 22 17 Coopers___ 949 239 160 313 11 34 152 200 Dairvmen... 125 66 57 19 3 2 28 7 Dentists.. 354 205 173 33 9 14 62 31 Draymen and hackmen ... 5,363 3,584 3.100 482 292 211 497 297 Dressmakers. 419 285 244 22 2 16 38 56 Engineers (civil) and sur- veyors... 617 316 264 50 15 21 134 81 Engineers and firemen (stationary engines). ... 501 215 177 78 4 5 85 114 Engravers... 24 20 19 1 2 1 Fishermen.. 2.262 529 63 242 246 147 716 382 Foremen and overseers ... 71 27 25 11 3 1 4 25 Gardeners and florists._ 310 159 140 44 4 3 68 32 Gold and silver workers .. 554 186 143 61 19 43 121 124 Gunsmiths... 59 19 17 5 2 H 8 14 Harness makers. 1.397 415 346 144 88 109 344 297 Hostlers . .. 397 252 233 43 28 44 30 Hotel and restaurant keep- ers. ... 73 48 36 3 5 5 12 Housekeepers and stew- ards. 275 45 26 53 7 9 142 19 Hucksters and peddlers... 1.642 694 502 215 132 79 310 212 Janitors and sextons. 40 16 13 5 6 3 5 5 Journalists.. 245 166 152 19 2 5 29 24 Laborers .. 359,377 63,632 16,510 52,695 54,016 19,308 96,483 73,243 Launderers. 22,218 8,553 6,247 4,264 1.244 1,713 4,032 2,412 Lawyers. 1,406 898 749 144 61 37 153 113 Linemen,telegraph,etc ... 49 23 16 1 5 3 17 Literary and scientific persons. 175 107 96 14 6 10 23 15 Livery-stable keepers.. 24 14 12 4 4 2 Lumbermen... 80 1 23 56 Machinists. 958 335 233 179 17 15 192 220 Masons. 6,557 2,937 2,279 1,015 273 269 1,185 878 Mechanics. 4.672 2,009 1.574 1,067 74 131 1,037 354 Merchants. 47,265 20,771 15,171 6,992 2,854 1,875 8,486 6,287 Messengers and office boys 236 90 81 18 28 ry L 42 51 Miners and quarrymen.... 854 37 28 4 1 4 808 Molders. 242 100 84 45 73 24 Musicians. 628 366 332 81 26 38 43 74 Nurses... 523 260 222 51 11 23 92 86 Officials, Government. 473 157 103 55 47 43 72 99 Officials of manufacturing companies. 53 32 30 1 5 3 1 11 Operatives, cigar factories 24.169 16,647 12.128 1.123 889 238 2,598 2,674 Packers and shippers 83 (53 63 1 3 16 Painters __.. 1,531 1.057 9:56 143 22 40 196 73 Photographers. 219 121 102 20 9 7 32 Phvsicians and surgeons.. 1,223 655 496 129 82 46 186 125 Piano makers. 15 10 10 1 1 3 Planters. 3,273 253 161 129 49 463 1,446 933 PI mnbers 13 41 :$8 2 Policemen and watchmen 4.824 1.888 1.152 611 265 446 1,183 431 Porters. 48 6 5 11 3 2 20 6 Potters .. 277 52 5 1 1 32 119 72 Printers, lithographers,etc 1.499 918 846 124 24 66 210 157 OCCUPATIONS 477 Table XXXII .—Occupations by provinces— Continued. Occupation. Total. Habana. City of Habana. Matan- zas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Prin¬ cipe. Santa Clara. Santi¬ ago. Rope makers.. 34 31 20 1 1 1 Sailors and boatmen. 4,820 1,865 1,046 472 152 381 1,091 859 Salesmen and saleswomen. 14.569 10,177 9,351 406 741 147 2,098 1,000 Saloon keepers... 73 53 50 3 13 4 Seamstresses .. 8,329 3,239 2,528 1,099 232 659 1,361 1,739 Servants.. 41,464 19,199 15,025 5,252 3.185 2,380 7,439 4,009 Ship and boat builders.... 84 59 12 15 1 8 1 Shirt makers. 105 48 46 13 1 6 14 23 Shoemakers.... 6,320 1,487 972 821 441 594 1,869 1,108 Soldiers... 598 229 161 64 24 46 71 164 Steam-railroad employees. 678 162 80 234 14 20 201 47 Stenographers and type- writers __ 37 26 24 9 1 1 Stockraisers.. 489 84 33 23 170 9 59 144 Stonecutters _ _ 240 179 140 29 1 19 12 Straw workers 336 9 211 41 65 10 Street-rail way employees 27 22 18 1 2 2 Sugar makers__ 642 218 100 195 17 2 127 83 Tailors. 3,481 1,600 1,337 342 120 130 628 661 Tanners.. 343 74 22 106 5 34 83 41 Teachers.... 2,708 1,142 824 383 106 122 594 361 Telegraph and telephone employees... 465 191 128 98 16 28 82 50 Tinners.. 712 280 210 102 11 45 143 131 Upholsterers ... 24 16 16 1 l 1 5 Veterinary surgeons . 63 22 14 10 4 15 1 Watch and clock makers.. 255 105 88 27 9 is 61 38 Wood choppers . 191 114 5 72 Table XXXIII .—Selected occupations, by sex, race, and nativity. PROVINCE OF HABANA. Occupation. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Apprentices... 1,720 919 118 693 Bakers..... l’495 4 439 1 609 447 3 Barbers.. L239 669 268 301 Blacksmiths. 728 328 226 174 Carpenters.... 4,754 1,889 1,400 1.465 Clerks and copyists. 920 682 ‘223 15 Draymen and* hackmen ... 3,584 883 1,825 876 Fishermen.... 529 375 113 41 Harness makers. 415 196 72 147 Hucksters.... 683 11 170 1 250 5 263 5 Laborers. 62,961 671 35,983 307 11,898 41 15,080 323 Launderers__ 780 7,773 96 604 457 224 227 6,925 Lawyers... 898 786 111 1 Masons .... 2,937 576 495 1,866 Mechanics.. 2’009 1,391 424 194 Merchants... 20,594 177 6,744 62 13,169 101 681 14 Operatives, cigar factories 15,390 1.257 8,367 939 2,521 50 4,502 268 Painters... 1,057 571 272 214 Physicians ..... 655 553 99 3 Policemen and watchmen. 1,888 1,242 460 186 Printers. 915 3 '658 3 228 29 Sailors and boatmen. 1,865 363 1,436 66 Salesmen... 10,149 28 1,833 14 7,811 14 505 Seamstresses__ 3,239 713 139 2 387 Servants .... 9,476 9,723 1,192 1,201 2,765 900 5,519 622 Shoemakers.... 1,480 7 431 1 452 1 597 5 Tailors... 1,600 265 615 720 Teachers. 496 646 335 480 151 148 10 18 CITY OF HABANA. Apprentices. 1,424 741 117 566 Bakers.... '895 155 433 207 Barbers____ 927 474 216 237 Blacksmiths... 539 230 181 128 Carpenters...... 3,195 1,886 . 1,081 1,028 478 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CURA, 1899. Table XXXIII .—Selected occupations , by sex , race , and nativity— Continued. CITY OF HAB AN A—Continued. Occupation. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Clerks and copyists. 730 519 196 15 Draymen and hackmen_ 3,100 701 1,657 742 PishormPlTl . 63 32 27 4 Harness makers.. 346 146 66 134 Hn cksters____ 494 8 133 208 4 153 4 Laborers. 16,282 228 5.888 100 5,880 23 4,514 105 Launderers.... 632 5,615 60 244 408 222 164 5,149 Lawyers ..... 749 647 102 Masons.. 2,279 429 420 1,430 Mechanics.. 1,574 1.089 342 143 Merchants ..... 15.040 131 4,274 48 10,283 74 483 9 Operatives, cigar factories 11,312 816 5,456 599 2,281 44 3,575 173 Painters 9:36 511 237 188 Physicians _ _ 496 407 86 3 Policemen and watchmen. 1.152 728 393 31 Printers... 843 3 599 3 218 26 Sailors and hna.fmen 1,046 83 942 21 Salesmen. 9; 326 25 1,495 13 7,389 12 442 Seamstresses . _ 2,528 430 116 1,982 Servants. 7,473 7,552 671 743 2,458 819 4,344 5,990 Shoemakers... 967 5 223 1 363 1 381 3 Tailors___ 1,337 213 552 562 Teachers. 337 487 226 340 104 131 7 16 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Apprentices.. 19 7 12 Bakers . 585 2 193 2 154 238 Barbers.... 347 187 45 115 Blacksmiths. 358 173 82 103 Carpenters. 2,111 983 295 833 Clerks and copyists_... 306 249 54 3 Draymen and hackmen_ 482 203 130 149 Fishermen. 242 162 49 31 Harness makers. 144 74 20 50 Hucksters. 193 22 44 2 31 1 118 19 Laborers. 48.364 4,331 21,093 137 5,086 17 22,185 4,177 Launderers. 92 4,172 28 495 18 63 46 3,614 Lawyers. 144 126 18 Masons . 1,015 221 107 687 Mechanics. 1.067 709 136 222 Merchants. 6,950 42 2,731 9 3.235 14 984 19 Operatives, cigar factories. 1,030 93 618 87 31 381 6 Painters. 143 91 18 34 Physicians. 129 104 23 2 Policemen and watchmen. 611 378 105 128 Printers ... 117 7 98 7 15 4 Sailors and boatmen. 472 165 296 11 Salesmen. 405 1 169 1 162 74 Seamstresses.. 1,099 336 17 746 Servants.. 1.968 3284 265 357 174 60 1,529 2,867 Shoemakers. 814 7 335 7 145 334 Tailors. 342 51 75 216 Teachers.. 165 218 116 184 48 26 1 8 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Apprentices. 59 Bakers . 358 3 Barbers . 115 Blacksmiths. 89 Carpenters. 724 Clerks and copyists. 55 Draymen and hackmen ... 292 Fishermen. 246 Harness makers. 88 Hucksters.. . 129 3 T >aborers... 53.501 515 Launderers. 51 1,193 Lawyers... 61 Masons... .. 273 Mechanics... 74 Merchants. 2,828 26 33 26 162 1 84 112 74 19 22 39 21 29 301 184 239 42 12 1 175 39 78 186 33 27 62 9 17 46 3 24 59 34,033 216 5,939 10 13.529 21 256 10 9 20 58 3 53 21 199 45 ....._ 18 11 999 3 1,676 22 153 2 289 928 1 OCCUPATIONS 479 Table XXXIII .—Selected occupations, by sex, race, and nativity —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO-Continued. Occupation. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Operatives, cigar factories. 820 69 488 50 40 292 19 Painters _ _ 22 13 4 5 Physieia.ns _ _ 82 69 12 1 Policemen and wa.tehmen 265 153 22 90 Printers . 24 19 5 Sailors and boatmen 152 96 50 6 Salesmen . ... _ 740 1 318 1 342 80 Sea m stresses 232 121 5 106 Servants . 1.423 1,762 488 670 173 18 762 1.074 Shoemakers. 436 5 167 2 83 1 186 2 Tailors . _ 120 39 39 42 Teachers.... 71 35 41 28 30 6 1 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Apprentices--- Bakers. Barbers.-. Blacksmiths. Carpenters . Clerks and copyists. Draymen and hackmen.... Fishermen ... Harness makers. Hucksters. Laborers. Launderers. Lawyers. Masons. .. Mechanics. Merchants. Operatives, cigar factories. Painters... Physicians. Policemen and watchmen.. Printers. Sailors and boatmen. Salesmen. Seamstresses. Servants .. Shoemakers. Tailors. Teachers. 14 10 4 339 1 259 1 21 59 192 86 11 95 112 50 25 37 651 129 81 441 204 165 33 6 211 85 81 45 147 106 12 29 109 43 7 59 60 19 36 3 5 19 16 19,211 97 13,732 65 1,730 6 3,749 26 24 1,689 17 704 1 11 6 974 37 29 8 269 42 37 190 131 96 22 13 1,849 26 1,108 22 673 1 68 3 237 1 168 1 2 67 40 6 7 27 46 30 15 1 446 360 53 33 62 4 54 4 3 5 381 272 56 53 147 95 48 4 659 441 7 211 553 1,827 188 933 116 45 247 849 593 1 188 1 36 369 130 40 17 73 59 63 40 52 13 8 6 3 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Apprentices.. . 355 194 6 155 Bakers.... 1,108 442 254 412 Barbers . '824 196 74 554 Blacksmiths . ... 563 216 ‘ 163 184 Carpenters .. 3,180 l,a54 591 1.235 Clerks and copyists__ .. 489 397 80 12 Draymen and hackmen ... 497 227 155 115 Fishermen ... 716 464 205 47 Harness makers .. 344 197 13 134 Hucksters __ 289 21 91 1 61 4 137 16 Laborers... 94,622 1.861 51,098 401 13,978 29 29,546 1,431 Launderers- - 172 3,860 63 738 57 36 52 3,086 Lawyers... 153 128 25 Masons... 1,185 201 156 828 Mechanics ... 1,037 711 198 128 Merchants___ 8,430 56 3,419 17 4,171 33 840 6 Operatives, cigar factories. 2,460 138 1,568 115 108 1 784 22 Painters .. 196 85 32 79 Physicians .. 186 149 36 1 Policemen and watchmen. 1.183 739 221 223 Printers...... 210 181 12 17 Sailors and boatmen. 1,091 500 486 105 Salesmen .... 2,092 6 821 4 1,019 252 2 Seamstresses... 1.361 684 20 657 Servants.... 3,497 3.942 627 711 600 81 2,270 3,150 Shoemakers_ 1,855 14 406 5 218 1,231 9 Tailors. 628 121 92 415 Teachers. 269 325 190 267 75 35 4 23 480 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXXIII. — Selected occupations , by sex , race , cmd nativity — Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Occupation. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Apprentices.. 376 101 • 1 274 Rakers . .. 1.541 8 603 2 109 829 6 Barbers _ _ _ _ 632 208 53 371 Blacksmiths. - . 478 109 81 288 Carpenters . . -. 2,784 464 207 2,113 Clerks and copyists _ 274 203 56 15 Draymen and hackmen _ -. 297 61 C7 139 Fishermen . . . 382 221 22 139 Harness makers . 297 114 10 173 Hucksters .. . - - - 173 39 54 4 18 1 101 34 Laborers. 71,858 1,385 36,798 220 4,941 17 30,119 1.148 Launderers. 119 2,293 42 248 13 17 64 2,028 Lawyers . . 113 104 7 2 Masons ..-... 87K 80 82 716 Mechanics . 354 195 76 83 Merchants ... 6,200 87 3,252 21 2,312 18 636 48 Operatives, cigar factories. 2,652 22 593 7 19 2,040 15 Painters __ 73 23 12 38 Physicians . 125 191 32 1 Policemen and watchmen. 431 237 60 134 Printers .. 153 4 128 3 7 18 1 Bailors and boatmen 859 316 296 247 Salesmen _ _ _ 1,000 534 388 78 Seamstresses _ 1,739 538 22 1,179 Servants ... 1,740 2,269 411 395 369 46 960 1,828 Shoemakers _ ... 1.102 6 279 1 110 713 5 Tailors 661 134 43 484 Teachers . 146 215 106 189 30 8 10 18 Table XXXIV. — Occupations by age and sex. PROVINCE OF HABANA. Occupation. Total. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 64 years. 65 years and over. MALES. Apprentices.. 1,720 890 797 32 1 Bakers.-. 1,495 33 235 352 516 226 120 13 Barbers... 1.239 60 196 235 404 212 121 11 Blacksmiths-- 728 21 94 108 222 161 107 15 Carpenters-- 4,7.54 112 454 661 1.346 1.027 1,036 118 Clerks and copyists. 920 11 105 115 279 213 177 20 Draymen and hackmen.... 3,584 23 194 597 1.312 882 534 42 Fishermen... 529 49 72 71 150 96 83 8 Harness makers.. 415 8 47 73 117 87 74 9 Hucksters... 683 22 83 91 161 117 183 26 Laborers.. 62,901 5.361 9.271 9.632 16.2.53 10.367 10,246 1.831 Launderers. 780 5 51 157 311 172 79 5 Lawyers... 898 i 1 59 275 277 241 44 Masons... 2,937 45 262 338 813 667 721 91 Mechanics. 2,009 34 251 320 599 4432 344 29 Merchants... 20,594 321 1,748 3,008 6,015 4,903 4,109 490 Operatives,cigar factories 15,390 501 2,212 2,758 4.974 2.863 1.881 201 Painters---- 1,057 20 125 165 375 217 140 15 Physicians.. 655 42 206 201 184 22 Policemen and watchmen . 1,888 1 61 538 839 307 135 ft i Printers.... 915 18 192 177 302 115 77 4 Sailors and boatmen. 1.865 40 151 229 620 452 336 37 Salesmen. .... 10.149 543 2,410 2,96* 2.700 948 524 56 Servants.. 9.476 1,103 1,263 1.283 2,228 1.418 1.858 323 Shoemakers. 1,480 38 146 212 411 356 284 33 Tailors. 1.600 :u 182 232 498 353 252 48 Teachers.. 496 2 6 38 120 107 191 32 FEMALES. Rakers .. 4 1 1 9 Hucksters. 11 2 1 4 4 Laborers.. 671 85 100 83 142 99 129 33 Laundresses . 7, 7 to 60 686 982 2,196 1.813 1.761 275 Merchants. 177 1 12 33 55 36 33 4 Operatives, cigar factories 1,257 96 402 280 259 124 91 5 Printers. 3 2 1 . OCCUPATIONS 481 Table XXXIV. — Occupations by age and sex — Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA —Continued. Occupation. Total. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 64 years. 65 years and over. females— continued. Saleswomen. 28 3 7 9 3 5 1 Seamstresses. 3,239 119 640 619 884 552 391 34 Servants ...... Shoemakers .. 9,723 7 1,403 1 1,440 2 994 1,851 2 1,464 1 2,101 1 470 Teachers.. 646 1 45 109 195 154 124 18 CITY OF HABANA. MALES. Apprentices. 1,424 725 669 29 1 Bakers.. 895 17 130 208 338 123 73 6 Barbers ... 927 48 143 179 308 152 88 9 Blacksmiths.. 539 16 73 82 173 119 68 8 Carpenters.. 3,195 82 340 471 907 673 647 75 Clerks and copyists. 730 7 81 89 232 167 137 17 Draymen and hackmen ... 3,100 20 157 502 1,138 769 477 37 Fishermen ..... 63 1 2 8 20 20 10 2 Harness makers.- 346 7 39 62 94 77 61 6 Hucksters... 494 20 70 65 129 87 112 11 Laborers... 16,282 365 1,720 2,466 4,880 3,232 3,157 462 Launderers.... 632 5 35 122 265 138 64 3 Lawyers. 749 1 1 54 235 229 194 35 Masons.. 2,279 29 202 270 655 520 544 59 Mechanics. 1,574 29 218 255 468 328 255 21 Merchants. 15,040 191 1,134 2,105 4,487 3,731 3,047 345 Operatives cigar factories. 11,312 357 1,572 1,990 3,749 2,089 1,405 150 Painters... 936 18 110 149 332 195 119 13 Physicians. .. 496 33 165 140 140 18 Policemen and watchmen. 1,152 28 245 550 219 103 7 Printers .. 843 47 175 159 283 106 70 3 Sailors and boatmen. 1,046 9 43 113 398 271 193 19 Salesmen ... 9,326 458 2,147 2,754 2,539 899 479 50 Servants .. 7,473 775 963 1,019 1,844 1,144 1,490 238 Shoemakers. 967 22 89 139 272 213 211 21 Tailors. 1,337 27 151 199 412 299 214 35 Teachers.. 337 2 5 26 80 71 128 25 FEMALES. Bakers. Hucksters. 8 1 1 3 3 Laborers. 228 16 41 35 58 35 29 14 Laundresses. 5,615 36 425 661 1,598 1,357 1,322 216 Merchants. 131 3 10 28 37 27 23 3 Operatives, cigar factories. 816 56 251 182 172 90 62 3 Printers 3 2 1 Saleswomen .. 25 3 5 8 3 5 1 Seamstresses. 2,528 92 480 456 695 462 318 25 Servants.. 7,552 1,036 1,141 790 1,459 1,151 1,605 370 Shoemakers.... 5 1 1 2 1 Teachers.. 487 30 87 149 117 89 15 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. MALES. Apprentices. 19 7 Bakers. 585 23 Barbers . 347 20 Blacksmiths. 358 18 Carpenters... 2,111 51 Clerks and copyists.. 306 3 Draymen and hackmen_ 482 4 Fishermen ... 242 16 Harness makers . 144 6 Hucksters.. 193 9 Laborers.. 48,364 5,063 Launderers ... 92 Lawyers . ... 144 Masons ... 1,015 28 Mechanics. 1,067 17 24662 - 31 11 1 130 123 169 89 47 4 58 73 94 53 45 4 44 53 109 82 47 5 195 245 532 458 543 87 40 55 91 59 54 4 37 78 156 112 83 12 23 42 56 38 57 10 18 22 41 25 30 2 19 15 42 28 66 14 381 5,959 10,148 7,457 10,801 2,555 11 34 25 16 6 4 38 50 44 8 115 115 170 194 337 56 159 171 294 228 185 13 482 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXXIV .—Occupations b?j age and sex —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS—Continued. Occupation. Total. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 64 years. 65 years and over. males— continued. Merchants. 6,950 226 762 1,048 1,785 1,419 1,519 191 Operatives, cigar factories. 1.030 28 104 204 286 195 191 22 Painters. 143 2 19 25 36 36 24 1 Physicians. 129 8 28 46 36 11 Policemen and watchmen. 611 10 170 260 111 57 3 Printers... 117 10 28 •19 33 14 13 Sailors and boatmen.. 472 14 34 75 129 120 83 17 Salesmen_ 405 39 128 87 72 33 42 4 Servants . 1,968 320 227 164 297 244 569 147 Shoemakers... 814 71 128 106 218 154 121 16 Tailors .. 342 13 33 50 93 82 57 14 Teachers. 165 1 13 12 29 41 59 10 FEMALES. Bakers . ..... 2 1 1 Hucksters... 22 2 2 1 4 13 Laborers... 4,331 196 275 292 787 949 1,422 410 Laundresses. 4,172 42 450 554 1,215 942 847 122 Merchants..•_. 42 3 3 9 11 10 6 Operatives, cigar factories. 93 6 19 24 25 11 6 2 Printers _ _ __ 7 2 2 2 1 Saleswomen _ _ 1 1 Seamstresses... 1,099 36 229 226 306 165 120 17 Servants. 3,284 593 492 293 511 506 737 152 Shoemakers. 7 2 2 2 1 Teachers . 218 1 24 36 76 36 41 4 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. MALES. Apprentices... 59 30 26 2 1 Bakers . 358 12 68 86 115 39 36 2 Barbers ... 115 6 24 21 38 15 10 1 Blacksmiths. 89 3 9 20 25 17 14 1 Carpenters... 724 18 55 68 192 183 184 24 Clerks and copyists.. _ 55 1 4 8 18 10 14 Draymen and liackmen.... 292 15 33 46 105 55 37 1 Fishermen.. 246 28 38 25 57 43 45 10 Harness makers. 88 3 15 14 23 20 13 Hucksters.— 129 11 15 16 30 22 28 rr i Laborers. 53,501 7,888 8,430 8.125 12,941 7,538 7,197 1,382 Launderers... 51 3 7 9 15 9 7 1 Lawyers.. 61 3 19 18 19 2 Masons. 273 9 31 33 58 60 73 9 Mechanics. 74 2 13 21 23 15 Merchants ... 2,828 70 307 455 839 610 497 50 Operatives, cigar factories. 820 71 154 141 200 122 117 15 Painters _ _ . 22 5 9 7 1 Physicians.... 82 1 4 24 24 26 3 Policemen and watchmen 265 12 82 125 31 13 2 Printers.____ 24 6 5 10 1 2 Sailors and boatmen. 152 12 25 19 30 33 30 3 Salesmen... 740 63 206 190 168 53 51 9 Servants. 1,423 291 244 222 262 150 217 37 Shoemakers. 436 26 70 105 108 74 49 4 Tailors. 120 9 17 17 39 19 18 1 Teachers. 71 1 2 17 r* i 40 4 FEMALES. Bakers... 3 1 1 1 Hucksters. 3 i 2 Laborers. 515 94 82 58 104 93 20 Laundresses. 1,193 62 170 223 353 221 142 22 Merchants. 26 5 3 12 5 1 Operatives, cigar factories. 69 9 20 20 9 9 2 Printers__ Saleswomen 1 i Seamstresses 232 14 57 58 68 28 7 Servants . 1,762 364 308 2514 :t49 208 206 33 Shoemakers . 5 o 1 1 1 ToiLrllftTH 35 2 4 11 11 4 OCCUPATIONS 483 Table XXXIV. — Occupations by age and sex — Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Occupation. Total. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 64 years. 65 years and over. MALES. i AirnrAnticPS _ _ 14 8 6 Bakers . 339 15 63 59 96 60 39 1 Barbers.— 192 18 43 32 46 28 22 3 Blacksmiths.-. 112 6 11 17 36 23 17 2 Carpenters. 651 26 78 82 135 106 191 33 Clerks and copyists. 204 3 25 42 40 46 44 4 Draymen and hackmen ... 211 1 12 36 59 57 41 5 Fishermen.-- 147 12 22 16 26 36 31 4 Harness makers. 109 2 16 31 23 15 17 5 Hucksters. 60 6 12 4 12 13 10 3 Laborers. 19,211 2,087 3,341 1,979 3,540 3,434 3,862 968 T ifl.mirlprAT'S _ 24 1 3 10 6 4 T.ftwvflrs _ 37 1 9 13 10 4 Masons. 269 11 29 25 55 40 98 11 Mechanics _ 131 16 30 45 21 18 1 Merchants.-. 1,849 50 236 265 448 422 374 54 Operatives, cigar factories. 237 6 24 20 30 49 90 18 Painters.- - 40 2 5 10 8 7 7 1 Phvsicians . _ 46 2 19 15 7 3 Policemen and watchmen 446 26 119 180 73 48 Printers _ _ .... 62 4 15 12 18 6 7 Sailors and boatmen.. 381 10 40 51 no 99 61 10 Salesmen.. 147 24 54 34 23 7 4 1 Servants. .- 553 105 64 47 99 93 100 45 Shoemakers.. 593 35 82 64 163 137 103 9 Tailors. 130 9 32 28 19 20 12 10 npea chers . __ 59 7 14 12 21 5 FEMALES. Bakers __ 1 1 Hucksters __ 19 4 2 11 2 Laborers. 97 10 14 13 15 18 21 6 Laundresses. 1,689 39 237 180 426 389 359 59 Merchants.. 26 1 4 3 7 10 1 Operatives, cigar factories. 1 1 Printers ___ 4 3 1 Saleswomen__ Seamstresses. 659 42 182 85 145 107 88 10 Servants. 1,827 129 316 188 356 328 401 109 Shoemakers. 1 1 Teachers. 63 9 11 23 11 7 2 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. MALES. Apprentices. 355 153 182 17 2 1 Bakers. 1,108 38 213 235 334 176 108 4 Barbers . 824 52 161 152 206 133 111 9 Blacksmiths. 563 14 77 85 185 106 88 8 Carpenters... 3,180 102 331 409 847 740 659 92 Clerks and copyists. 489 3 68 88 145 97 78 10 Draymen and hackmen ... 497 6 51 74 164 119 77 6 Fishermen. 716 71 117 116 182 115 101 14 Harness makers. 344 9 53 101 90 51 35 5 Hucksters.. 289 16 22 33 60 54 91 13 Laborers... 94,622 10,749 13,116 12,444 22,054 16,509 16,547 3,203 Launderers. 172 4 20 28 75 31 14 Lawyers. 153 9 35 51 49 9 Masons.... 1,185 23 114 129 273 268 338 40 Mechanics.. 1,037 10 101 182 361 225 150 8 Merchants.. 8,430 215 884 1,111 2,339 1,941 1,773 167 Operatives, cigar factories. 2,460 98 374 416 671 425 429 47 Painters__ 196 2 16 29 57 56 32 4 Physicians__ 186 6 64 72 39 5 Policemen and watchmen. 1,183 28 375 506 186 84 4 Printers.... 210 15 50 38 57 40 10 Sailors and boatmen. 1,091 41 99 108 298 295 223 27 Salesmen. 2,092 205 582 516 495 144 140 10 Servants . 3,497 465 359 287 624 537 1,035 190 Shoemakers... 1,855 116 309 233 508 398 272 19 Tailors.. 628 34 104 107 133 131 104 15 Teachers. 269 12 25 70 62 84 16 484 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXXIV. — Occupations by age and sex — Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA-Continued. Occupation. Total. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 64 years. 65 years and over. FEMALES. Rakers_ __ Hucksters.«_ 21 2 1 2 12 4 Laborers. 1,861 172 198 130 336 326 529 170 Laundresses... 3,860 57 479 566 1.050 912 729 67 Merchants. 56 3 6 ff i 16 15 i 2 Operatives, cigar factories. 138 15 45 34 18 11 12 o O Printers.. Saleswomen... 6 1 2 2 1 Seamstresses.. 1,361 80 372 258 366 189 90- 6 Servants . 3,942 651 565 366 712 624 867 157 Shoemakers.. 14 6 1 2 3 2 Teachers. 325 3 40 91 92 49 49 1 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. MALES. Apprentices. 376 206 163 4 1 1 1 Bakers... 1,541 122 397 247 36* 268 136 7 Barbers. 632 oo 172 109 144 94 56 2 Blacksmiths..... 478 13 83 76 143 97 59 i Carpenters. 2,784 120 349 373 862 507 490 83 Clerks and copyists- 274 3 34 36 78 64 58 1 Draymen and hackmen.... 297 3 20 38 97 89 49 1 Fishermen .. 382 58 69 36 57 88 64 10 Harness makers ... 297 4 471 77 98 51 23 1 Hucksters... 173 26 29 20 34 27 30 7 Laborers... 71.858 9,792 10,736 7,840 13,778 13,768 13,407 2,537 Launderers_ 119 8 18 39 40 9 5 Lawyers__ 113 3 43 39 20 8 Masons. 878 40 93 80 211 210 213 31 Mechanics.. 354 6 42 54 121 74 56 1 Merchants .. 6,200 194 803 877 1,(537 1,506 1,080 103 Operatives, cigar factories 2,652 194 541 457 637 486 312 25 Painters...... 73 1 6 6 22 16 21 1 Physicians .. _ 125 5 37 50 29 4 Policemen and watchmen 431 14 99 187 95 36 Printers _ 153 15 39 25 41 20 13 Sailors and boatmen. 859 37 93 100 206 239 166 18 Salesmen. 1,000 118 357 240 177 78 26 4 Servants. 1,740 429 285 147 337 260 2:48 44 Shoemakers.. 1,102 88 153 106 248 273 201 33 Tailors... 661 30 151 85 192 115 79 9 Teachers... 146 7 14 41 28 44 12 FEMALES. Bakers . 8 1 1 4 1 1 Hucksters.. 39 3 8 18 7 3 Laborers. 1,385 139 162 126 231 295 374 58 Laundresses.. 2.293 31 294 283 631 537 477 40 Merchants. 87 1 8 19 20 34 5 Operatives, cigar factories 22 3 8 4 7 Printers. 4 3 1 Saleswomen. Seamstresses. 1,739 120 581 327 400 231 73 r* i Servants. 2.269 411 308 159 343 386 560 102 Shoemakers. 6 1 1 2 2 Teachers. 215 1 39 53 53 34 32 3 OCCUPATIONS 485 Table XXXV .—Selected occupations, by sex and citizenship. PROVINCE OF HABANA. Occupation. Total. Cuban. Spanish. Suspenso. Other and un¬ known. MALES. Apprentices. 1,730 1,325 32 328 35 Bakers. 1.495 834 . 54 559 48 Barbers....-... 1.239 898 45 261 35 Blacksmiths... 728 459 18 215 36 Carpenters . 4,754 3,131 108 1,253 262 Clerks and copyists_ 920 656 14 154 96 Draymen and liackmen--- 3,584 1,566 182 1.597 239 Fishermen .... 529 386 3 129 11 Harness makers..- - - . 415 328 10 66 11 Hucksters-- - 683 303 13 221 146 Laborers.. ..-. 62,961 47,168 809 11,971 3,013 Launderers_—...— 780 152 66 392 170 Lawyers.— 898 763 6 68 61 Masons. .. 2,937 2,338 67 4.‘43 99 Mechanics.... 2,009 1,434 23 395 157 Merchants--- 20,594 6.174 1,663 11,160 1,597 Operatives, cigar factories.- — 15,390 12,008 203 2.697 482 Painters___ 1,057 719 27 201 110 Physicians---- 655 532 5 47 71 Policemen and watchmen .. 1,888 1,408 21 395 64 Printers____ 915 619 28 238 30 Sailors and boatmen__ _ 1,865 383 48 1,334 100 Salesmen---- 10,149 1,742 1.064 6,965 378 Servants..--- -. 9,476 5,718 349 2,382 1.027 Shoemakers____ 1,480 960 56 422 42 Tailors___ __ 1.600 937 97 505 61 Teachers... 496 330 9 117 40 FEMALES. Bakers. .... .. 4 3 1 Hucksters. ... 11 5 6 Laborers_____ 671 577 1 52 41 Laundresses... 7,773 7.198 8 282 285 Merchants___ 177 58 8 52 59 Operatives, cigar factories. 1,257 1.097 5 142 13 Printers.... .. __ 3 3 Saleswomen.... 28 8 1 15 4 Seamstresses__ 3,239 3,006 13 164 56 Servants... 9.723 8.539 80 807 297 Shoemakers. 7 6 1 Teachers___ 646 441 10 107 88 CITY OF HABANA. MALES. Apprentices. 1,424 1,056 28 307 / ,33 Bakers... . 895 421 42 393 39 Barbers.__ _ 927 650 40 207 30 Blacksmiths....... 539 324 18 168 29 Carpenters.. 3,195 1,951 93 957 194 Clerks and copyists..... 730 504 13 127 86 Draymen and hackmen... 3.100 1.284 179 1.502 135 Fishermen. ____ 63 36 1 26 Harness makers..... 346 268 9 59 10 Hucksters ...... 494 225 10 186 73 Laborers... 16,282 8.606 673 5.234 1,769 Launderers___ 632 96 63 346 127 Lawyers__ 749 627 5 64 53 Masons .. 2,279 1.775 62 363 79 Mechanics... 1.574 1,107 21 331 115 Merchants....... 15.040 3,870 1.356 8,551 1,263 Operatives, cigar factories.. 11.312 8,296 1843 2,408 425 Painters ... . ... 936 635 24 177 100 Phvsieiar.s_ __ 496 388 3 40 65 Policemen and watchmen__ 1,152 742 21 334 55 Printers...... 843 563 28 228 24 Sailors and boatmen.. 1.046 87 39 859 61 Salesmen... 9,326 1.403 1,031 6,548 344 Servants. 7,473 4,224 333 2,095 821 Shoemakers... . 967 552 52 328 35 Tailors... 1.337 746 87 455 49 Teachers . ■337 219 7 78 33 486 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXXV. — Selected occupations , by sex and citizenship — Continued. CITY OF HABANA—Continued. Occupation. Total. Cuban. Spanish. Suspenso. Other and un¬ known. FEMALES. Bakers... Hucksters.. 8 3 5 Laborers . 228 180 i 26 21 Laundresses. 5,615 5,128 8 245 234 Merchants... 131 40 r* i 44 40 Operatives, cigar factories. 816 692 5 110 9 Printers..... 3 3 Saleswomen _ _ _ . 25 7 1 13 4 Seamstresses. 2,528 2,334 13 136 45 Servants.. 7,552 6.509 74 724 245 Shoemakers____ 5 4 1 Teachers . 487 314 10 83 80 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. MALES. Apprentices. Bakers. Barbers. Blacksmiths. Carpenters . Clerks and copyists. Draymen and hackmen ... Fishermen. Harness makers. Hucksters. Laborers.-.. Launderers. Lawyers. Masons. Mechanics. Merchants. Operatives, cigar factories Painters. Physicians. Policemen and watchmen . Printers. Sailors and boatmen. Salesmen. Servants.. Shoemakers. Tailors.. Teachers. FEMALES. Bakers. Hucksters. Laborers. Laundresses. Merchants. Operatives, cigar factories Printers... Saleswomen.. Seamstresses. Servants. ...i. Shoemakers. Teachers . 19 18 i 585 408 24 100 53 347 265 8 30 44 358 253 11 59 35 2,111 1.730 45 190 146 306 234 4 48 20 482 335 3 67 77 242 166 4 36 36 144 120 6 10 8 193 94 4 21 74 48.364 37,148 315 2.007 8,894 92 67 4 11 10 144 125 11 8 1,015 840 12 52 111 1,067 829 27 104 107 6,950 2,615 519 2.529 1,287 1.030 908 4 23 95 143 118 1 15 9 129 98 1 17 13 611 502 4 71 34 117 96 . 14 7 472 166 26 169 111 405 173 17 156 59 1,968 1,284 17 136 531 814 640 10 49 115 342 245 12 60 25 165 115 1 34 15 2 2 22 8 14 4,331 3,787 3 541 4.172 4.004 2 14 152 42 23 2 4 13 93 86 6 1 7 5 1 1 i 1 1.099 1,058 4 15 22 3.284 3,129 5 17 133 7 218 166 4 31 17 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. MALES. Apprentices. Bakers.. Barbers.... Blacksmiths. Carpenters. Clerks and copyists. Draymen and hackmen. Fishermen . Harness makers. Hucksters. Laborers. 59 57 2 358 268 10 78 »> M 115 90 2 99 1 89 60 4 20 5 724 515 17 144 8 55 42 10 3 292 250 2 39 1 246 198 1 42 5 88 75 *) 8 3 129 81 1 15 32 53,501 44,740 378 7,049 1,384 OCCUPATIONS 487 Table XXXV .—Selected occupations . by sex and citizenship —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO-Continueu. Occupation. Total. Cuban. Spanish. Suspenso. Other and un¬ known. males— continued. Launderers..... 51 ,34 11 6 Lawyers ... 61 57 3 1 Masons ......-. 273 239 i 21 12 Mechanics.... 74 53 1 13 7 Merchants... 2,828 973 265 1.385 205 Operatives, cigar factories__ 820 734 8 49 29 Painters..... 22 18 4 Physicians ... 82 69 11 2 Policemen and watchmen. . 265 244 20 1 Printers.. 24 16 4 3 1 Sailors and boatmen..... 152 89 1 58 4 Salesmen.... 740 335 35 322 48 Servants.. 1,423 1,151 12 156 104 Shoemakers.... 436 342 6 85 3 Tailors...... 120 76 8 32 4 Teachers . . . ... 71 40 30 1 FEMALES. Bakers...... 3 3 Hucksters . 3 3 Laborers. 515 457 31 27 Laundresses.. 1,193 1,176 1 13 3 Merchants . . 26 4 22 Operatives, cigar factories . 69 60 i 7 1 Printers..... Saleswomen.. 1 1 Seamstresses. 232 221 3 8 Servants..... 1,762 1,731 22 9 Shoemakers.... 5 3 2 Teachers. .-. 35 25 7 3 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. MALES. Apprentices_ 14 13 1 Bakers---- 339 302 5 28 4 Barbers.. 192 177 4 11 Blacksmiths.. 112 85 4 20 3 Carpenters.. 651 556 11 71 13 Clerks and copyists ... 204 155 6 27 16 Draymen and hackmen.. 211 110 9 38 54 Fishermen..... 147 131 5 9 2 Harness makers___ 109 100 7 2 Hucksters.... 60 39 2 7 12 Laborers.. 19,211 16,163 412 1,660 976 Launderers..... . 24 22 1 1 Lawyers... 37 30 i 4 2 Masons..... 269 228 5 32 4 Mechanics.. 131 102 1 18 10 Merchants.... 1,849 1,059 58 665 67 Operatives, cigar factories_ 237 224 1 6 6 Painters. .... 40 31 7 2 Physicians.... 46 28 1 4 13 Policemen and watchmen_ 446 386 2 31 27 Printers.. 62 58 1 3 Sailors and boatmen. 381 296 9 52 24 Salesmen..... 147 69 12 62 4 Servants... 553 364 10 115 64 Shoemakers ....... 593 545 4 42 2 Tailors..... 130 111 1 17 1 Teachers... 59 45 2 11 1 FEMALES. Bakers___ 1 1 Hucksters..... 19 17 2 Laborers........ 97 80 2 6 9 Laundresses... 1,689 1,616 8 26 39 Merchants.... 26 23 1 2 Operatives, cigar factories.. 1 1 Printers... 4 4 Saleswomen... Seamstresses... &59 633 3 19 4 Servants... 1.827 1,710 22 46 49 Shoemakers .. .... 1 1 Teachers... 63 52 1 7 3 488 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXXV .—Selected occupations, by sex and citizenship —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Occupation. Total. Cuban. Spanish. Suspenso. Other and un¬ known. MALES. Apprentices. 355 318 3 27 7 Bakers. 1,108 823 26 216 43 Barbers. 824 699 11 65 49 Blacksmiths.. 563 386 13 134 30 Carpenters... 3,180 2,483 55 455 187 Clerks and copyists. 489 378 9 68 34 Draymen and hackmen. 497 331 10 113 43 Fishermen.... 716 497 6 180 33 Harness makers. . 344 326 1 15 2 Hucksters... 289 148 2 38 101 Laborers... 94.622 76.034 330 6,575 11,683 Launderers. 172 98 3 50 21 Lawyers.. 153 129 2 13 11 Masons. 1,185 990 7 122 66 Mechanics. 1.037 768 9 L57 103 Merchants. 8,430 3,314 768 3.223 1,125 Operatives, cigar factories_ 2,460 2,222 13 88 137 Painters .. 196 157 4 26 9 Physicians..... 186 138 5 18 25 Policemen and watchmen. 1,183 957 14 154 58 Printers ... ... 210 187 4 14 5 Sailors and boatmen. 1.091 578 11 365 137 Salesmen.. 2,092 771 184 915 222 Servants..... 3,497 2,038 43 461 955 Shoemakers... 1,855 1.608 18 130 99 Tailors.. 628 519 15 80 14 Teachers.. 269 187 3 60 19 FEMALES. Bakers... Hucksters. . 21 17 4 Laborers. 1.861 1,807 2 14 38 Laundresses. 3.860 3.802 22 36 Merchants. 56 19 2 7 28 Operatives, cigar factories. . 138 136 1 1 Printers.. Saleswomen..... 6 5 1 Seamstresses.... 1.361 1,302 28 31 Servants. 3.942 3. 829 5 37 71 Shoemakers. 14 14 Teachers. 325 258 3 36 28 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. MALES. Apprentices. 376 352 12 12 Bakers... 1.541 1,406 16 95 24 Barbers... 632 558 8 56 10 Blacksmiths...... 478 368 11 63 37 Carpenters. 2,784 2.477 20 158 129 Clerks and copyists.... 274 208 42 24 Dravmen andTiackmen.... ZVi 170 16 55 56 Fishermen..... 382 350 4 24 4 Harness makers... 297 272 8 17 Hucksters. 173 136 3 15 19 Laborers..... 71,858 65.170 495 4.694 1.499 Launderers..... 119 93 4 9 13 Lawyers... 113 104 1 8 Masons . ... 878 780 14 60 24 Mechanics. a>4 241 2 47 6*4 Merchants.. 6,200 3,520 362 1.906 412 Operatives, cigar factories... 2.652 2.587 3 21 41 Painters... 73 54 1 6 12 Physicians. 125 72 2 8 43 Policemen and watchmen .. 431 368 3 51 9 Printers... 153 137 9 r» 4 Sailors and boatmen. 859 518 18 243 80 Salesmen.... 1.000 543 43 393 21 Servants. . 1.740 1,253 42 317 128 Shoemakers. 1,102 961 20 98 23 Tailors.. 661 588 8 35 30 Teachers. 146 109 31 6 OCCUPATIONS 489 Table XXXV .—Selected occupations, by sex and citizenship —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO—Continued. Occupation. Total. Cuban. Spanish. Suspenso. Other and un¬ known. FEMALES. Ra.Vfirs _ _... 8 7 1 Hucksters __ 39 35 4 Laborers . 1,385 2,293 87 1,352 2,197 60 2 18 13 Laundresses.-.-. 5 20 71 Merchants. 1 6 20 Operatives, cigar factories__ 22 21 1 Printers ..... 4 2 2 Saleswomen ..... Seamstresses ..... 1,739 2,269 6 1,644 2,146 6 13 37 45 Servants -.. 4 37 82 Shoemakers ___ Teachers _ ...... 215 194 1 14 .. 6 Table XXXVI .—Selected occupations, by sex, literacy, and superior education. PROVINCE OF HABANA. Occupation. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With superior educa¬ tion. Without superior educa¬ tion. MALES. Apprentices.. .. 1,720 450 141 1,129 2 1,718 Bakers. 1,495 472 46 977 3 1,492 Barbers .. 1,239 91 26 1,122 14 1,225 Blacksmiths. 728 123 20 5&5 3 725 Carpenters. 4,754 754 111 3,889 36 4,709 Clerks and copyists. 920 920 157 763 Draymen and*hackmen. 3,584 1,130 148 2,306 10 3,574 Fishermen... 529 322 13 194 1 528 Harness makers. 415 62 11 342 2 413 Hucksters... 683 312 17 354 6 677 Laborers.;. 62,961 40,207 1,202 21,552 873 62,088 Launderers. 780 196 8 576 4 776 Lawyers .. 898 898 817 81 Masons.... 2,937 1,213 139 1,585 11 2,926 Mechanics.. 2,009 98 11 1.900 111 1,898 Merchants. 20,594 1,117 120 19,357 1.379 19,215 Operatives, cigar factories. 15,390 2,685 499 12,206 62 15,328 Painters.. 1,057 129 22 906 22 1,035 Physicians. 655 655 608 47 Pol'icemen and watchmen. 1,888 290 20 1,578 112 1,776 Printers... 915 1 914 45 870 Sailors and boatmen. 1,865 752 35 1,078 43 1,822 Salesmen.. 10,149 773 93 9,283 159 9,990 Servants.. 9,476 4,053 563 4,860 17 9,459 Shoemakers.... 1,480 419 59 1,002 4 1.476 Tailors. 1,600 84 32 1,484 16 1.584 Teachers. 496 496 328 168 FEMALES. Bakers... 4 2 2 4 Hucksters.. 11 6 1 4 11 Laborers...... 671 471 13 187 9 662 Laundresses... 7,773 5,915 469 1,389 2 7,771 Merchants.. 177 57 7 113 15 162 Operatives, cigar factories. 1,257 475 130 652 2 1,255 Printers... 3 3 1 2 Saleswomen... 28 1 27 1 27 Seamstresses-. 3,239 792 236 2,211 9 3,230 Servants . 9,723 5,701 1,000 3,022 7 9,716 Shoemakers... 7 3 4 7 Teachers . 646 646 431 215 490 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXXVI .—Selected occupations , by sex, literacy, and superior education — Continued. CITY OF HABANA. Occupation. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With superior educa¬ tion. Without superior educa¬ tion. MALES. Apprentices. 1,424 328 116 985 *> 1.422 Bakers .... -. 895 272 22 601 893 Barbers .. .... 927 48 21 858 9 918 Blacksmiths... 539 82 18 439 3 536 Carpenters.. 3,195 417 77 2,701 30 3,165 Clerks and copyists. 730 730 120 610 Draymen and hackmen.. . 3,100 929 138 2,033 8 3,092 Fishermen.... 63 25 1 37 1 62 Harnessmakers.... 346 50 10 286 l 345 Hucksters.-... 494 196 14 284 6 488 Laborers... 16,282 6,500 501 9,281 620 15,662 Launderers....... 632 141 6 485 4 628 Lawyers.-.-.-.. 749 749 698 51 Masons.. 2,279 895 111 1,273 11 2,268 Mechanics... 1,574 62 10 1,502 76 1,498 Merchants.. 15,040 675 82 14,283 1,074 13,966 Operatives, cigar factories.... 11.312 1,768 382 9.162 45 11,267 Painters... 936 110 21 805 20 916 Physicians. 496 496 466 30 Policemen and watchmen- 1.152 46 5 1,101 86 1,066 Printers __ . ____ 843 843 43 800 Sailors and boatmen--- 1.046 355 17 674 32 1,014 Salesmen... 9.326 652 83 8,591 154 9.172 Servants..... 7,473 2,900 472 4,101 10 7,463 Shoemakers... 967 267 44 656 2 965 Tailors... 1,337 64 29 1.244 14 1,323 Teachers ..... 337 337 231 106 FEMALES. Bakers... Hucksters___ 8 3 1 4 8 Laborers...-. 228 112 7 109 9 219 Laundresses..... 5,615 4,166 391 1,058 2 5,613 Merchants. ... 131 38 6 87 11 120 Operatives, cigar factories... 816 250 72 494 M 814 Printers... . 3 3 1 O Saleswomen.... 25 1 24 1 24 Seamstresses. 2.528 552 189 1.787 9 2,519 Servants..-. - . - - 7,552 4.099 843 2,610 6 7,546 Shoemakers...... 5 2 3 5 Teachers . 4S7 487 341 146 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. MALES. Apprentices. 19 4 4 11 19 Bakers . .. 585 204 26 355 585 Barbers . 347 65 11 271 5 342 Blacksmiths.. 358 68 11 279 3 355 Carpenters..... 2,111 572 68 1.471 8 2,103 Clerks and copyists... 306 306 61 245 Draymen and tiaekmen ... 482 230 19 233 482 Fishermen... _... 242 168 4 70 242 Harness makers ....... 144 28 6 110 3 141 Hucksters._.. 193 97 4 92 2 191 Laborers. 48.364 38,095 747 9.522 309 48,055 Launderers._._. 92 28 64 1 91 Lawyers... 144 144 132 12 Masons. 1.015 470 37 508 3 1.012 Mechanics. 1.067 180 18 869 34 1,033 Merchants.... 6,950 1.094 72 5,784 397 6,553 Operatives, cigar factories. 1,030 3)4 42 684 6 1,024 Painters........ 143 30 5 K)8 5 13-i Physicians... 129 . 129 127 2 Policemen and watchmen. 611 168 9 434 23 588 Printers.. 117 117 10 107 Sailors and boatmen. 472 218 16 2:18 4 468 Salesmen. 405 67 i 311 12 393 Servants . 1.968 1.265 77~ 626 3 1,965 Shoemakers. 814 307 45 462 1 813 Tailors. 342 6 303 1 341 Teachers. 165 165 114 51 OCCUPATIONS 491 Table XXXVI .-—Selected occupations, by sex, literacy, and superior education — Continued. PROVINCE OF M AT ANZ AS—Continued. Occupation. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With superior educa¬ tion. Without superior educa¬ tion. FEMALES. Bakers...... 2 1 1 2 Hucksters ___ 22 21 1 22 Laborers ...-__ 4,331 4,172 42 4,220 3,364 30 21 90 9 4,329 4,171 41 Laundresses___ 196 612 1 Merchants ... 1 11 1 Operatives, cigar factories. 93 27 8 58 1 92 Printers ..... 7 7 1 6 Saleswomen ..... 1 1 1 Seamstresses ..... . 1,099 3.284 7 251 75 773 2 1,097 3,283 7 Servants_____ 2,282 1 275 727 1 Shoemakers . ... _ . . 6 Teachers.-. 218 218 125 93 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. MALES. Apprentices... Bakers___ 59 358 Barbers .... 115 Blacksmiths____ 89 Carpenters... 724 Clerks and copyists. ... 55 Draymen and hackmen.. 292 Fishermen ... Harness makers.. 246 88 Hucksters... Laborers... 129 53,501 51 Launderers ..... Lawyers._.. 61 Masons...... 273 Mechanics. 74 Merchants_____ 2,828 820 22 Operatives, cigar factories__ Painters -____ Physicians.. 82 Policemen and watchmen. 265 Printers... 24 Sailors and boatmen._. 152 Salesmen__-. Servants ___ 740 1,423 436 Shoemakers.-._. Tailors .___.. 120 Teachers....... 71 FEMALES. Bakers ..... 3 Hucksters... Laborers.. 3 515 Laundresses ... .. 1.193 Merchants. ... 26 Operatives, cigar factories. Printers. ... 69 Saleswomen ..... 1 Seamstresses ... 232 Servants . 1.762 5 Shoemakers. Teachers... 35 32 3 24 59 143 8 207 358 19 2 94 115 26 1 62 89 232 14 478 1 723 55 i 48 233 2 57 292 195 1 50 1 245 14 3 71 1 87 87 1 41 1 128 43,608 413 9,480 119 53,382 20 3 28 51 61 52 9 157 3 113 273 7 67 2 72 284 19 2,525 1.24 2,704 270 21 529 3 817 5 17 1 21 82 81 1 112 1 152 7 258 24 2 22 95 3 54 152 140 10 590 12 728 1,075 23 325 3 1,420 162 14 260 2 434 10 3 107 120 71 35 36 2 1 3 3 3 2 513 1.048 31 114 1.193 21 5 26 24 4 41 69 1 1 89 10 133 232 1.550 47 165 1,762 2 3 5 35 99 13 492 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXXVI. — Selected occupations, by sex, literacy, and superior education — Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Occupation. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read b\it can not write. Can read and write. With superior educa¬ tion. Without superior educa¬ tion. 'Pales. Apprentices.... 14 2 1 11 14 Bakers _.... 339 77 16 246 3 336 Barbel’s.. 192 6 5 181 2 190 Blacksmiths. 112 24 8 80 1 111 Carpenters. 651 111 26 514 5 646 Clerks and copyists. 204 204 84 120 Draymen and hackmen ... 211 65 7 139 17 194 Fishermen.. 147 99 48 147 Harness makers... 109 7 3 99 5 104 Hucksters.._... 60 26 5 29 60 Laborers.. 19,211 12,994 429 5,788 88 19,123 Launderers .... 24 11 1 12 Zi Lawyers.... 37 37 36 1 Masons... 269 68 17 184 2 267 Mechanics..... 131 4 1 126 18 113 Merchants..... 1.849 128 18 1,703 278 1,571 Operatives, cigar factories.. 237 52 7 178 3 234 Painters. 40 2 2 36 3 37 Physicians ... 46 46 43 3 Policemen and watchmen. 446 47 4 395 56 290 Printers_ .. . . _ 62 62 5 57 Sailors and boatmen. 381 201 12 168 3 378 Salesmen. 147 10 2 135 14 133 Servants...... 553 280 41 232 5 548 Shoemakers. 593 113 26 454 593 Tailors. 130 2 4 124 5 125 Teachers. 59 59 53 6 FEMALES. Bakers...... 1 1 1 Hucksters. -. 19 14 1 4 19 Laborers... 97 71 3 23 1 96 Laundresses ..... 1.689 1.021 108 560 1,689 Merchants.. 26 12 3 11 26 Operatives, cigar factories... 1 1 1 Printers ..... 4 4 2 2 Saleswomen ___ Seamstresses. _____ 659 191 31 437 659 Servants... 1.827 1.097 152 578 1 1,826 Shoemakers ...... 1 1 1 Teachers____ 63 63 47 16 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. MALES. Apprentices.-... 355 86 28 241 355 Bakers... 1,108 337 40 731 3 1.105 Barbers ... . 824 122 15 687 1 823 Blacksmiths.... 563 132 24 407 2 561 Carpenters.. 3,180 702 62 2,416 13 3.167 Clerks and copyists... 489 489 50 439 Draymen and*hackmen. 497 271 16 210 1 496 Fishermen. 716 491 14 211 1 715 Harness makers. :144 39 10 295 314 Hucksters... 289 140 142 289 Laborers. 94.622 72.710 1.326 20.586 250 94.372 Launderers... 172 51 3 118 1 171 Lawyers........ 153 153 137 16 Masons. 1.185 426 49 710 3 1,182 Mechanics. 1,037 104 15 918 12 1.025 Merchants.. 8.430 954 68 7.408 272 8.158 Operatives, cigar factories . 2.460 643 97 1.720 4 2,456 Painters. 196 34 4 1.58 2 194 Physicians. 186 186 179 7 Policemen and watchmen. 1.183 320 16 847 19 1,164 Printers... 210 210 3 207 Sailors and boatmen. 1,091 542 32 517 9 1,082 Salesmen . 2.092 291 29 1,772 12 2.080 Servants.— 3.497 2,215 138 1.144 9 3.488 Shoemakers... 1.855 493 116 1.246 1 1.8.54 Tailors. 628 46 17 565 1 627 Teachers. 269 . . 269 124 145 OCCUPATIONS 493 Table XXXVI .—Selected occupations, by sex, literacy, and superior education — Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. Occupation. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With Without superior superior educa- educa¬ tion. tion. FEMALES. Bakers... Hucksters.... 21 19 2 .. 21 Laborers....... 1.861 1,696 26 139 1 1,857 Laundresses . . ... 3.860 2,870 225 765 _ 3.860 Merchants. 56 30 1 25 2 51 Operatives, cigar factories ... 138 59 10 69 . 138 Printers .. ___ Saleswomen ..... 6 2 2 2 .. 6 Seamstresses. 1,361 386 78 897 1 1.360 Servants . 3.912 2,725 351 863 1 3,911 Shoemakers.. 11 1 2 8 ... 11 Teachers. 325 325 126 199 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. MALES. Apprentices.... 376 151 23 202 3 373 Bakers.... 1,541 711 19 778 1 1.537 Barbers ...... 632 38 7 587 5 627 Blacksmiths.... 178 110 9 359 9 469 Carpenters..... 2, 781 620 82 2,082 15 2,769 Clerks and copyists____ 271 271 67 207 Draymen and hackmen__ 297 164 6 127 297 Fishermen ..... 382 291 3 88 382 Harness makers... 297 26 3 268 2 295 Hucksters...... 173 70 3 100 173 Laborers..... 71,858 57,430 716 13,712 499 71,359 Launder ers.. 119 20 1 105 119 Lawyers.. 113 113 99 11 Masons.. 878 276 37 565 8 870 Mechanics_______ 351 22 2 330 35 319 Merchants... 6,200 485 .33 5,682 662 5,538 Operatives, cigar factories.. 2,652 721 92 1,839 15 2,637 Painters ..... 73 11 62 3 70 Physicians.... 125 125 122 3 Policemen and watchmen... 131 82 4 315 13 118 Printers.. 153 1 152 16 137 Sailors and boatmen.. 859 446 18 395 21 838 Salesmen.. 1,000 73 10 917 30 970 Servants.. 1.710 1,056 67 617 5 1,735 Shoemakers.. 1,102 390 51 661 3 1.099 Tailors... 661 39 6 616 14 617 Teachers .... 116 146 108 38 FEMALES. Bakers . 8 1 2 5 8 Hucksters... 39 29 1 9 1 38 Laborers. 1,385 1,291 1 87 6 1,379 Laundresses.. 2,293 1,610 94 559 1 2,292 Merchants..... 87 50 5 32 1 86 Operatives, cigar factories.. 22 1 2 16 22 Printers. ... 1 4 4 Saleswomen.. Seamstresses... 1,739 312 52 1,375 33 1,706 Servants .... 2,269 1,326 119 521 1 2,268 Shoemakers... . 6 3 3 6 Teachers... 215 215 108 107 494 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXXVII. — Selected occupations by sex and conjugal condition. PROVINCE OF HABANA. Occupation. MALES. Apprentices. Bakers . Barbers . Blacksmiths. Carpenters. Clerks and copyists. Draymen and hackmen.... Fishermen. Harness makers. Hucksters.. Laborers. Launderers. Lawyers. Masons. Mechanics-. Merchants. Operatives, cigar factories Painters. Physicians. Policemen and watchmen. Printers... Sailors and boatmen. Salesmen.. Servants. Shoemakers. Tailors. Teachers. FEMALES. Bakers... Hucksters.. Laborers. Laundresses. Merchants. Operatives, cigar factories. Printers. Saleswomen. Seamstresses. Servants... Shoemakers. Teachers. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 1.720 1,715 1 1 3 1,495 1,126 197 139 32 1 1,239 739 304 158 38 728 412 199 91 26 4,754 2,386 1,428 652 288 920 454 366 52 48 3,584 2,003 852 624 104 1 529 304 156 40 28 I 415 225 105 63 22 683 447 130 89 17 62,961 39,210 14,9.53 5,208 3,565 25 780 548 136 85 11 898 277 546 22 53 2,937 1,498 571 776 92 2,009 1,068 675 162 104 20,594 11,857 6,838 1,063 835 1 15,390 8,900 3,711 2,145 630 4 1,057 584 246 173 53 1 655 162 448 10 35 1,888 1,267 455 101 64 1 915 608 229 50 28 1,865 1,026 723 52 62 2 10,149 9,227 665 154 98 5 9,476 7,308 938 1,010 215 5 1,480 798 362 221 99 1,600 900 422 206 72 496 188 232 17 59 4 4 11 5 4 1 1 671 446 59 105 61 7,773 4,979 379 1,796 618 1 177 91 45 11 30 1,257 917 111 57 172 3 2 1 28 22 1 2 3 3,239 2,348 214 376 301 9,723 7,854 373 591 901 4 7 4 1 2 646 414 120 6 104 2 CITY OF HABANA. MALES. Apprentices... Bakers... Barbers.... Blacksmiths . Carpenters . Clerks and copyists... Draymen and hackmen. Fishermen. Harness makers. Hucksters. Laborers.. Launderers... Lawyers. Masons. Mechanics. Merchants. Operatives, cigar factories. Painters. Physicians. Policemen and watchmen. Printers. Sailors and boatmen. Salesmen. Servants. 1,424 1,421 1 1 1 895 7U 88 86 10 927 552 217 134 24 539 317 141 70 11 3,195 1,674 888 481 152 730 369 290 38 33 3.100 1,719 724 567 89 1 61 32 14 14 3 346 193 81 57 15 494 316 104 65 9 16,282 9,961 3,898 1,819 597 7 632 445 110 70 7 749 244 445 20 40 2,279 1,169 421 631 58 1,574 870 495 130 79 15,040 8, 770 4,940 779 551 11,312 6,667 2,473 1,768 404 936 515 212 163 45 i 496 136 326 8 26 1,152 696 348 74 :14 843 564 208 45 26 1,046 559 431 22 32 2 9,326 8,451 633 151 87 4 7,473 5,663 796 851 159 4 OCCUPATIONS 495 Table XXXVII. —Selected occupations by sex and conjugal condition —Continued. CITY OF HAB AN A—Continued. Occupation. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by- mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. males— continued. Shoemakers. 967 548 212 157 50 Tailors..-.. 1,337 337 742 348 185 62 Teachers..... 132 159 11 35 FEMALES. Bakers.. Hucksters ...... 8 3 3 1 1 Laborers .. ... 228 147 19 39 23 Laundresses.. 5,615 3,612 269 1,363 370 1 Merchants _ _.-.. 131 75 27 8 21 Operatives, cigar factories-- 816 585 53 47 131 Printers ..... 3 2 1 Saleswomen ___ _ 25 19 .r 2 3 Seamstresses ..... 2,528 7,552 5 1,809 6,150 4 169 316 234 Servants ....-. Shoemakers. ..... 307 439 653 1 o O Teachers--- 487 331 77 6 71 2 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. MALES. Apprentices..... 19 Bakers.-.._ 585 Barbers...... 347 Blacksmiths... 358 Carpenters_.._... 2, 111 306 Clerks and copyists. Draymen and hackmen._ . 482 Fishermen . . .... 242 Harness makers .... 144 Hucksters ..... 193 Laborers...... 48,364 92 Launderers... Lawyers.. _. 144 Masons____ 1,015 1,067 6,950 1,030 143 Mechanics ..... Merchants..-. Operatives, cigar factories .__ Painters ___ _ Physicians...... _ . 129 Policemen and watchmen. 611 Printers .... 117 Sailors and boatmen. 472 405 1,968 814 342 165 Salesmen____ _ Servants . __... Shoemakers._ _. Tailors__ Teachers. FEMALES. Bakers . 2 Hucksters .. 22 4,331 4,172 42 93 Laborers._. Laundresses.._ _ Merchants ... Operatives, cigar factories. Printers___ 7 Saleswomen .... 1 1,099 3,284 7 Seamstresses. . Servants... Shoemakers... Teachers .. 218 19 415 90 70 10 226 74 40 7 202 84 60 12 1,036 624 340 109 2 176 108 10 12 243 126 103 9 1 144 51 36 10 1 79 37 23 5 136 25 30 2 31,416 7,613 7,534 1,757 44 63 9 18 2 32 99 1 12 540 196 245 34 583 293 149 41 1 4,328 1,801 553 267 1 601 226 159 44 77 34 28 4 30 83 9 7 403 122 60 25 1 89 22 4 2 264 169 21 18 382 8 5 7 3 1,609 84 250 24 1 471 170 130 43 177 91 61 13 68 83 2 12 2 12 3 6 1 2,488 60 1,740 972 43 2,640 236 322 2 21 13 6 2 61 11 9 12 5 2 1 761 85 98 155 2,730 48 326 179 1 6 1 122 56 40 496 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Table XXXVII .—Selected occupations by sex and conjugal condition — Continued PROVINCE OF P1NAR DEL RIO. Occupation. MALES. Apprentices. Bakers . Barbers . Blacksmiths.. Carpenters. Clerks and copyists. Draymen and nackmen ... Fishermen. Harness makers. Hucksters. Laborers.. Launderers. Lawyers. Masons. Mechanics. Merchants. Operatives, cigar factories Painters. Physicians. Policemen and watchmen. Printers. Sailors and boatmen. Salesmen. Servants . Shoemakers. Tailors. Teachers . FEMALES. Bakers . Hucksters. Laborers. Laundresses. Merchants. Operatives, cigar factories Printers. Saleswomen. Seamstresses. Servants. Shoemakers. Teachers. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. 59 59 358 251 66 30 11 115 68 27 14 6 89 51 21 15 2 734 a5i 219 94 60 00 27 18 6 4 292 177 50 51 14 246 137 00 42 11 1 88 42 31 9 6 129 81 19 20 9 53,501 35,067 11.048 5,147 2,215 24 51 31 7 10 3 61 13 45 2 1 273 143 55 59 16 74 42 22 6 4 2,828 1.718 806 183 121 820 527 176 90 27 22 8 8 5 1 82 19 62 1 265 202 39 13 11 24 17 5 2 152 76 46 24 6 740 689 29 8 14 1,423 1,241 78 75 29 436 268 88 66 14 120 70 40 9 1 71 27 38 1 5 3 1 1 1 3 3 515 363 45 54 53 1.193 837 49 187 119 1 26 2 21 1 2 69 55 5 3 6 . 1 1 232 171 14 13 34 1,762 1.454 36 130 142 5 2 1 2 35 12 17 6 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. MALES. Apprentices. 14 14 Bakers. ,339 211 97 16 15 Barbers.. 192 ia5 42 11 4 Blacksmiths.... 112 59 40 11 2 Carpenters. 651 360 199 46 46 Clerks and copyists.-.. 2(14 194 90 2 8 Draymen and hackmen. 211 114 76 14 7 Fishermen. 147 88 41 14 4 Harness makers. . 109 74 25 5 5 Hucksters. 60 42 13 4 1 Laborers... 19,211 11,684 5,420 1,325 781 Launderers. 24 10 6 4 4 Lawyers. 37 4 27 3 3 Masons... 269 147 77 26 19 Mechanics.. 131 75 50 5 1 Merchants.. 1.849 960 761 61 67 Operatives, cigar factories.. 237 106 91 19 21 Painters. 40 22 15 3 Physicians. 46 15 27 1 3 Policemen and watchmen.. 446 271 155 9 11 Printers. 62 42 18 2 Sailors and boatmen. 381 198 138 31 14 Salesmen. 147 141 5 1 Servants. .553 434 67 27 25 OCCUPATIONS 497 Table XXXVII .—Selected occupations by sex and conjugal condition —Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE-Continued. Occupation. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. males— continued. Shoemakers. 593 367 163 44 19 Tailors ._. 130 91 31 2 6 Teachers . 59 16 35 8 FEMALES. Bakers._. 1 1 Hucksters.. 19 9 3 i 6 Laborers.. 97 62 9 20 6 Laundresses .. 1,689 962 131 357 239 Merchants .. 26 8 5 1 12 Operatives, cigar factories. 1 1 Printers... 4 4 Saleswomen... Seamstresses. 659 453 46 74 86 Servants. 1.827 986 49 569 223 Shoemakers. 1 1 Teachers. .. 63 43 11 9 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. MALES. Apprentices. . 355 354 1 Bakers. 1,108 761 210 110 26 Barbers.. 824 517 191 95 21 Blacksmiths... 563 342 128 76 17 Carpenters____ 3,180 1.640 977 378 185 Clerks and copyists.. 489 273 169 24 23 Draymen and hackmen ...... 497 226 133 124 14 Fishermen_____ 716 489 157 57 13 Harness makers__ 344 222 86 28 8 Hucksters..... 289 176 52 54 7 Laborers.. .... 94.622 62,559 18,353 9,543 4,125 Launderers. .... 172 122 17 28 5 Lawyers..... 153 42 100 11 Masons..... 1.185 594 291 237 63 Mechanics.... 1,037 570 340 85 41 Merchants_____ 8,430 4,979 2,579 594 276 Operatives, cigar factories.. 2,460 1,528 519 305 107 Painters____ _ 196 99 50 41 6 Phvsicians _______ 186 57 118 6 5 Policemen and watchmen... 1.183 875 198 64 43 Printers... 210 150 49 7 4 Sailors and boatmen.. 1.091 522 382 144 42 Salesmen.. ..... 2,092 1,967 81 23 20 Servants____ 3,497 2,868 248 314 64 Shoemakers___ 1,855 1,121 401 265 68 Tailors.... 628 360 174 54 39 Teachers....... . 269 106 125 10 28 FEMALES. Hucksters........ 21 10 4 4 3 Laborers_____ 1,861 1,083 102 600 76 Laundresses... 3,860 2,487 244 744 385 Merchants___ 56 21 17 3 15 Operatives, cigar factories. 138 99 10 7 22 Saleswomen. 6 6 Seamstresses ... 1,361 994 133 76 157 Servants...... 3,942 3,146 86 376 332 Shoemakers__ .. 14 12 1 1 Teachers..... 325 213 65 1 46 24662 - 32 r—I 03 r-H » ' CO »i—I r-H CO »—H 1 1 1 1 • ' 'HN 498 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XXXVII .—Selected occupations by sex and conjugal condition —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. Occupation. Total. Single. Married. Living together as hus¬ band and wife by mutual consent. Wid¬ owed. Un¬ known. MAI.ES. Apprentices..... 376 375 1 Bakers.-... 1.541 1.034 254 230 22 1 Barbers.-. 632 403 146 69 14 Blacksmiths..... 478 282 107 79 10 Carpenters.... 2,784 1,491 672 527 93 1 Clerks and copyists_.._ 274 128 114 22 10 Dravmen and hackmen... .. 297 152 75 65 5 Fishermen .......... 382 210 64 101 r* ( Harness makers... 297 187 73 30 i Hucksters...-__ 173 108 37 23 5 Laborers.-. 71,858 41.194 12,892 15,956 1.804 12 Launderers ..... 119 91 20 7 1 Lawyers__ __ 113 27 78 2 6 Masons____ 878 412 244 189 33 Mechanics.-..... 354 187 104 49 14 Merchants.. 6,200 3,236 2,134 607 222 1 Operatives, cigar factories_ 2.652 1.752 434 407 59 Painters.-... 73 38 22 10 3 Physicians... 125 38 76 8 3 Policemen and watchmen.. 431 245 135 44 7 Printers.... 153 102 32 11 & i 1 Sailors and boatmen.... 859 452 227 158 2? Salesmen.... 1,000 939 38 12 8 3 Servants.... 1,740 1.425 153 128 32 2 Shoemakers . . . 1.102 595 251 220 36 Tailors .... 661 393 186 67 14 ..T Teachers ------- — 146 53 66 14 13 . FEMALES. Bakers ...... 8 5 2 1 Hucksters .. .. ____ 39 24 4 4 7 Laborers..... 1.385 909 81 332 63 Laundresses...... 2,293 1,654 131 362 146 Merchants... 87 44 28 4 11 Operatives, cigar factories. 22 17 4 1 Printers_____ 4 3 1 Seamstresses... 1,739 1.345 158 116 119 i Servants.. . ..... 2.269 1,884 53 193 139 Shoemakers.. .. __ 6 5 1 Teachers.. 215 148 30 1 35 l Table XXXVIII .—Selected occupations , by sex and place of birth. OCCUPATIONS 499 a > . © 03 23 o a O ©+-> cc ◄ 05iC:oeOfrli-HCOCOCOi-CO^Ct- 05 «_I o «iOW x-t- CC 3 GO O GC«- 05 ?l MH 'M l- CO 03.5 <5 ^ c$ .Si ’£ V- <3 CO 05 01 CO ' CO 1 C OI coco 01 O X^Olt 05 05 Ol OI o 03 0 -, tS-S © og a -£ 03 05 eg e. cc eg -O eg G eg O co¬ co icocooi CO CO 01 HO — Ol. t'-t'-COaO''l < il5CCOlCCCOOlOl'-COI>»cp K5-tOClXON®iCO- OCOiOOCO-^Or-icOOli~»5eOcO—Q -*< 05 m — O -r l- uO CO 30 Ol (i© Ol Ol ©5 01 Cl coo$ N 01 OI CO tO 50 CO 05 GO CO CO ^ Ol OI p_g £>cc ' oi eo t- ® t» i-t ^ -—I x 'f os oi os *.o < "Ct>® i- 01 — i© CC HH rH CO CO co oi co i- »© t- co • 1.0 CO CO CO CO 1C 00 HIO-+ ‘ 00 Ol CO o © • r-e © £ ■*<—>co > Ol Ol ■ "—ICO — — t-O® —i CO CCt— o ^ Ol Ol CO ' 'CO CO CO < oi »c co co T— 1 O^ CO Ol CO 4 O CO Ol 5 r* o : CO C© 01 CO C© i.O C© 1 - —< CO i - — Oi _ _> cocos® oi — oi co :c t- i- cc CO CO os Ol CO CC — CO CO CC — 1- CO 10 c cc ci co oi ire oi -f c i' — co eoioiooiccoi— COl-iO-^-cOTti.—icCOCSC© ^icooeo OS 1.0 i- 10 oi o Ol CO Ol- Ol — 011.0 T o o 4-> eg S © C, 1.0 O. X -t C -+ O. lOCO -< C X N o oi er. ?5 oi io oi oc oi —< -jo co cc os co o os i-f C!nn —. io*o'r co ~ oocs ® m ■ < — — CO 'Jj » J << 03 © o 03 a T jjr x a © a ® a 03 J2 ■x y r cs ss O'® x O C — ®T3 eg •«-« 1) P £ H ^ ^ 0) CO , s x £ a at: %% a t M « m x ® a ^ * ■*-* © ® © 03 y eg cm eg 5£ cc * 2? © *» ® m a > w a eg ^ s eg ,3 eg CNiOXiCiftOiXOCX C5 *r: XH'^^N GO O 05 cccxxc:xr-’i'^r'+ ^ rH cc N N^DX O t- C'l ■ © 111 ua< fc .a c:»»i. ( sSStlS g .«.£ &S 55 8 t 8 a S 5* =8 G — cg^ 14 4 hwm eg -G O a 3“c3 ©^c eg © ^P5CQP500Q&hP5Kh5JmjSSS0 Hi Dh Ph ^ efi M 02 02 &h Eh 0! a a eg «4-t Cfi bt • c CO 03 • 03 e» S ® a ® 0 > «-*i ©3 2 *H 2 eg tr ©-^ o C © a g m © o p a ©.a eg = eg eg ® CqSjjSo G © a o © 3 * a a acc 500 © 0 S3 • r—< < 1-3 S3 O O © © c p"»»a r-o S O r«w> >- •40 •^o SJ ^0 > x x X a j I © a © o ’£ O ^ ^ REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. cooper-**—< Eh »-H o ^CO»OOHCi •<*< 50rH}-0l Ol Ol X oi ' - fc> - » ' — ' w«, - r-4 CO Ol '—1 l© 50 X -*■ l© —< Ol' Ol oi »©OlCO 05 i— Ol i- Ol r-H HHL^O r-H X CO 05 -* 50 C 05 i- »-i r —1 1 © l©-*rH CO 01 T Ol ^ 01 i© 01 r O O LCl O CO Cl N X iO C r- M O O ^ OX-'Clr-r.^XO.^C C — C C LC M — Me X ^ © O O. C 1 © hSH'iCCX © O -*• Ci X r-H Ol r -1 05 r—« 5© r— '*$'*& CO Oil© Oi ri © 0» X 01 C5 ^ C 10 05 o 1 L- 01 i- ©Ol©^ i- r —1 r-^ N C© 05 •**I fH Ol > 01 Ol 01 r-H r-H l© 011© CO 01 fc*. CO 1 © *—* c © B3 g « ©.o-g bi © a XT. <- 43 3< T. 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J © X © t: © •— be B © a -= V 43 X _ « 5 2 « cs © X © © X ©c ^ ^ - s-ri - w s bSB 3 ©- -o£ = a OCCUPATIONS 501 CO w H r* 00 CO CO <03 0* \ co CO 00 00 o os HHii CO o* CO OS CO o* iO T I CO 03 I TO 00 'CO o> i O i OS cot-CO 03 < ic 1 03 ON 03 C0HOH< cs to »o 0 3 t- CO . o • 4 -> • o ' :3 ; cm : c3 • bfl 0) »* O) -p D ©j*i CO r-i OS to lO i- COO CO 03 CO CO CO 1.0 1 CO CO i-O CO 03 uo i - OirMCO h 03 03 0 CO 03 CO *-H CO O O — v/v • t, co 4-> M M ^ /r> a* © © O c3 CC <3 S3 «3 <1 /H Vj H O 6 I—I t> o tf & 03 cot- coco T 03 03 rHCS CO 03 CO 03 03 o o t— o CO CO o of 030 t— 03 of 03 CO OS r-U-O CO COO co t- —rH rH CO 031- 03 03 03 to tO O'OHO ^ Oi H 03 O CO O rH CO t- CO CD to X -H tO iO CO SO CO QO^NrHiCLOOCOOCOCO i0^N.C0^X^H0303HHOO0S 03 HHChXOO^I-H 1 “H 03 CS *M r-H O r—! 03 *-H t—I rl co~ CO CO ^ 03 t- CO COt— it- o r—i i SO OS 03 ^ IS— lO ^ 03 iO CO lO 0310 03 CO 03 ^ CO CO CO CO i CO OS -H lO 03 03 t--H »0 LO OS ® 00 r-UO H 03 1— t— t— lO ^ t— 03 OS t— tO 03 -H 03 CO 03 03 t- 03 CO n —i -H t-i CO CS CS CS H SO —1< 03 SO t— H t— tO t— CO 03 O O O t— OS H tO iC H CS 1 rr H i_0 tM i —i rH CO CO 03 H CO CO 03 s O t- CC H tO 03 03 *rH CO -H 03 -H iO t- 3 OCOCiH t- 03 *-0 00 03 iO ©s© dpi A C od2 os fJ O Jh c3 c 3 © rd © C^fcDHPHCCccccaiEHEH 1899 502 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, r d w G O O * 'w rO 'e 5 o > X! H X! a Eh o s. < S3 £ < H a r -\ sJ £ HH > /*»s 2 Ch -- re \3 r-t i • c a * <3 3 9 *? c'E o U-U £ ’3 ◄ • si x < s 4 ►* ^ £ g-a £5 r* ^ oS = CO 23 g 93 ~ 3, *a J 3 •J* n 2 02 $ ' £®ci afll ® 3 2 5 s O C.s 02 < +-> X US Q O ,rH ^3 o> ° 6 « i i CO • iii i 1 1 • L’C 1 1 1 1 I t. 3 £5 iii i 1 • 1 1 ii* i 1 1 1 1 1 • II *n oc tc cc rr CO i- — i- Oi P 010! Cl -£ ~T c: i- c rH F-^ ecV —Tec 0 01 0> CO t- »— Si ^ l- 30 p# J5 • i ?i-' r C2 ^ X H w Ol Ol o H— < CO Ch : x as E x jS y e3 - CD — n 3 r. , r 93 • £ ® ^.'2- c a — ^ w 5 :* x ~ © ^ * x s © : r* u ! 9 3 iM 3 3 C 3 J 3 3 XE-* ccxxMsaciX't'opo: xhhio co rc —i — — hh x 0} i—l i'- i© x ■ 2 K Cl < X >—I *-H a /^S w H w £ H-I > O 2 jj ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 3 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M j . y i~ 5 x 5? Vr r~ — i- x rr ro ».o —«.~ £o . “ -^ oi »£ oS oi '■#> oi o < - KXlCS-tCOlSXS;-X ~f X p 7! »ft i~ — X 01 i--5 p -f X 01 3 *0 X <- «- 0.! 0! 51 ri — i~ oioi —i i* oi x x 93 3 3 93 - 93 —* 93 3 r a 3 t, t* r*.* x_ ■S 3 B „ * 3 -u c 3 9 a • S? r* ^ -h £ X ~ X 2 .x x .* : 3 • m ; 3 : a s 93 3 H t, 93 3 S- **4^ X l 3 ® if iC3 3» - (-H . O X X t- L* P o “ SJ 3** C > C cB-2 x © x -*-» >.s- 55 S 5 £ §ti i-- S^d,22®Ss3^§d«®^a^‘3 ^ao3cc^5a£a:3 jjciSSSo c- OCCUPATIONS 503 ■ 1C T O! CO H QO H CO N O! t-co O! - O'! ^ O to O! CO c: i 01 1-0 CO CO X CO O! O'! X i— ' O H^^^^-hOiCCOhN^O'X 01 i>- iO O 5* —I O* t- 0* h* ^ i- COr-^ ~ H Oh hH O 5? *-H PS CL o &H tf H D eu a o a v z hH > O 05 0. coco CCOOQONOC^ O^hC CO lO lO X -H 0! H CO —« CO !X^' X 0! CO Ol t- OHO^IMOCO^QH X CO Ol lO -H 4 Ol CO OI t- 0! i—« L- •«* f-H ‘ iO CO CO ' —< Ci 0! »0 f-H < 0! 01 »0 »C §sg s ,P © -*-> cj * T3 ® ~ a5 O P2 X U © X a GO to tG O „ o Cr? ■r H •>■* •P P ~ cfi & P 2 « © p 9 gfl £ o~ a s J :2_© ■ © $ • - © -T X X SR a, K-*J © 2 © p > ^ L ^' H O'rH ^ rC ^ Cw y ©•* o = © %-s M ©„© S -* <" - - © GO 2 X * GO Si ‘® i©53£ 3 g X = 03 9 © CLiPh0hCCCCCO72£-'E-< I n.fcf'MSfcJi aijjSo £mmh 1 O h {- N C < —H X X CO !'• f CO f-H lO — • •-‘•O'! CO—- O'! CS O X X ■ CO O O! O! O! CO C LC ‘ »-H —i CO O'! f-H rH -t 4 O'! *-H 0 * co co co ca O! CO OIOlrH-fr-N OJH»COH-H O »-h I— CC *-^ o X —\ O! CO CO X -* 0 > O! f-H X CO 00 a GO © o X . U f-P3 2 © P 4-> © X « ■•-> ^ x u SC' 4 P/f OTJ © p p © M «3 3 w 3 'f* x X © t-, X X JO U P bX) © P rn rH o HH c3 £ pj GO „ X X a x3-^P©P®®^P^ _’2 £ © £ © 2 © 2 p p © ® S'c £ p pp3 P-ce c«A «.2 ppp os P<«'rfp: o ^CCPQCQOOCfeSKjh-USSSO PhQhOh -g Sh o .2.2 a o _jA -h C/3 Table XXXVIII. — Selected occupations, by sex and place of birth — Continued. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE—Continued. 504 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. i _^ H O , -i ^ *rH i? c s- O ©-^ Asia. i i i i i i i i i SO tH 1 CO ' i i i i i i i • iH i i i l i i i i i i i i i i i ■ i i i i i i • i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i • t i i i • i i i i i i • i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Aus¬ tralia. i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i l i i • i i i i i i l i i i 1 i i i i i i • i i i i i i i i i i i t i i i t • i i i i i i » i t i i • i i i • iiiiiii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i » • i i i i i i i • i i i i i i • Africa. i i i i i i i i t fl i i i i i l i l i i lilt it 01 t- Cl 1 1 1 1 1 iH 1 1 d 1 i i i »CO 1 1 1 till II 1 till II 1 till II 1 lift II 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 till II Ger¬ many. i i i i i i i i i t • i i i i i • • i i i 1 i i i i • i'll i i i i i irH till i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 i i i i iiit iiii«i iiii i i i i i i iiii I'l'ii Great Britain. i l i i i i i i i rH 1 i i i t 1 i i i iiii i i i t ii iiii iiii CO 1 1 i i i i iiii ii iiii iiii t i IIII iiii II iiii iiii il iiii iiii ii IIII IIII II iiii iiii ii Spain. CO *1 CD t- Cl O ^ -H CO H H r-H i ill i 1 SO C rH « • ' Cl ■ -H i th i i i Hi i i iii i i iii i i iii i i iii i i iii < i iii i Canada. t i i i i i i i i l l i i l i i ■ i i i i i i i i t i i i i i i • iiii'i® i • i i i i • i • • i i • • i i i i i i i i i i i i i t i i i i . i i i i i i i i i i * i i i i i United States. rH'HL- i i i i i i i i i ii* i • • ci © 05 15 a; 95 © ^ «> «•» M 3.S © u c a js © xH <1 « <3 O <3 Eh £3 <3 X2 Gh O w o £ l-H > o M Ah 05 H CO 05 Ol CO co t- CO rH O l.o CO -t> CO 05 CO CO *0 l- 1.0 CO CO ~T 05 rH 1.0 01 rH lO rH rH H LOO} CO 01 OlOlr h»<01 eo oo t— co lo -h< eo i-o co —( of lOCC^C0005t'*50'H"05 1!50Nc5x*0. « -- - ■ ■ IXLI-H^^II- 3 c? oi 95 a 95 © © 95 © 95 S HH,a 2 © C Ci a*.a o-d _ © a £•5 5 95 3 -e Ci © ©*m95§®S*H 2 © £■* &* >1® h 5 g_© £95 95 •h © X ci 3 95 l- 1 H X o 9. HH> 15 X a-* £ © ci 3 s w OCCUPATIONS 505 rH^iOO* rH GO (M WH 05 ©f ut r CO CO ©£ CO m*COt CO CO' 02 CO ICO ©l »o ©*co <©*r iO^t-COr CO " I GO OOr iO CO CO OS ©l t- o l> lO r-UO CO CO CO MHO cd lO c 0( jiOlOHiOWONOJOJ tWHH»OHNHGOCO ©* H^OiON CO U- rH rH rH CO CO 05 r-H(M HC 0 C 0 iO C5 CO < CO i ©l a © g rP O +H cS £ 'd a c3 a a a © g +5 & o a: 'd r. — - = M ^ ; ® ej 2 ® «S m £ a S|-§ ; ©;§ « © “ | o c !"oa o t, * oti o ® oa? !/3 ©^©--iiS ^ r-H © , n - • — ce e8 a.** aSra'o’S'S'cs ©,a a © fcpHpHkcGttMCGHH a aj*^ °a2 ce a > © u o CO CO © f",a o © co » a ◄ WH w CO HCO ©* CO^COCO < GOlO GO ©SCO 4 GO 05 ©1 t- < CO GO ©i CO lO rH rH CO HHOCO ©l co co io GO CO r-TcO GO CO o3 bJD co aj • _ Cfl GO cn 4-> ©> cu q k ^ c$*£ £ co £^03 CO CO 05 05 HN CO ©* CO OOHHO CO l- CM Hco CD rH CM ^ ta co H i—i o 00 i-H 05 CO i- ©* iO CO OOOCOCOHOiOHO OiOl-i-CONCi r-H O mH i-H CO hT ©1 CO CO lO rH rH t-H CO mH rH rH CO rH ©i CO co o IO ©l o 05 COr < CO CO ©i Or-n CO ©1 rH ©1 >o iO ©ICON005NOCC»000 NWNQOOH i — ICC0H05 CO iO CO »C ©i r-H CO ©J rH 05 ©* IO o OHGlXHHi-©INCOCO t- -H CO i- CC' i - 05 GO' 05 t- iO COOcOHt>WC'lCOWHCO rH ©I rH H h! C/3 © © : a i © © I oo CJ c3 co 5h g CC CO CO .r 3 C /3 -H ^ 2 '•^ Q) S . c»g-|Hn 3 ©aai©iH sslllgljlll ^pqWfflOCjQHffiKH a © 50 6 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 . c O 8 y> o XCt > x X X o o ^ < •* l—f 2 H s 5 < 5 j 7 * co ip o V +* X < I— r c*—4 ◄ S 5 2 +3 C g’S 2s r*; i. ~C£ P, CC s © >co © H O £ t—< > fl 32 A< -*-> O P r* CC 2 w OH-h x*< ■ 4-3 X X o O c « y °S I *+* SO 00 —« — Ol x ■»CO> * co io» ‘ Ol ^ Ol c Ol Cl —< -t* »C C5 01 i- — i- X r— 01 o — ^ x — ^ cc i - x —5i-o5cco»of ^oo-t —••—■< X CC 01 *-C — x ca >.c cc oi - — x* x ' 1 *— r of 9 X * 2 2* 3 2^ o = 00 » ■U © s > gs -© -j y y sg. "o SOM- cc 01 so S 3 X 01 CN X 1C p Ol f-Toi »CasO»0 i- Oi oi ^oi X S Si £ S * * 5 5 2 la©I> S g u 1-a o s.a i Cugoxc^^Pi Table XXXIX. — Number and size of families, [Figures in italic are included in those for the province or district.] FAMILIES 507 ?3 <+h O m £ o 03 fn 03 < co asiio^x >© 'O Xt^ C> »© X l- c h s ? r' 51 0 'll 00 CO IN 05 ^ 115 3 ©2 —< 01.0 co 011 —r l© 0 ©2 -h ©2 -H r-H X 1 © -fiO'fHSO- X «—- X C5 1© <>* '-H O X^WNNN'f c- i -- oi M 01 rH rH 1 •O^XiSaOS'. jo co o: 4 r-J rH oi c6 ©2 rH LO^CJXXNN ■H Q "O 1-0 1-0 O 01 JO ©2 X 01 ^ W ri ~ O Ol X e{ ci ci *4 *4 ^4 4 —h 1 © Ci t'- •H’ ©5 *>• 05 O . 05 O O 00 JO CO X t— l© srj C© C^i 4 1 © 1 © n (M '*+ x x l© i© ^ O C ©> X ©2 X X *-i —1 -J* CO CC CO 01 JO l© > x ©i i4 4 ©i h 05 rH v—1 >© Q « »© -h ©2 ^ © 1 C© i- L© N ©1 H N CC ©. ©2 H5)occo; —x rH i4 4 4 c©' ©i 0 x 0 rH >H rH »© 00 so 01 co 05 CO I OJ^XCXON rH ^ c© x ©» *— ©> i© X r-H 01 oi -+ oi iO ^ s ^> 1 © 1 © t- O O X ® © ^ -ct ^ 1 © ^ *© 1© 4 1 b£ KS t- go jg©2 i- X i- I w »© © c o b CU a -c £ •>. © o‘3 '©CLirH O 2 * *H <—i • 4-3 H rf «.s 3 a 3 W <*5 CL. Oh r J) rjj c3 o >> S a3 ©2 rH ^ —H »© ©2 ©2 '^ ©© ©J . rH • 1 r —1 **H 1- '0 1 II 1-H *H , 1 1 • 1 1 • t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 Q -H rH 'C©C©XCW©lnHH^0rH^NOC0Oi-Hi- 1 rH r- -h i'- 3C ’ ©2 ^2 1 1 1 1 1 11 to 15. ©2 hH :© -+ 2^ x i© 'H* '•H H o: -H ?© x *>© O © ! ©2 -H rHC5rHX©^©2©5 © 2 r-. ©© 3C -H (- 05 t- " > X C© ©2 C© *—i »© L© r-H **1 10. XX — l -(-©NN-l!r©30©3HHXN^©©3H —' *X —■ ©2 ©2 ©2 — H-1 -* ©2 X ©2 ^ O C 1 © X rHX -H4C©X HriHCiHNCOO^WW^C© _ H© rH 4 X C5CCi©X0XHH *“" H *H ©2 > *H ©2 ^2 4 XX-Hi©^+ 4 2 ^X© 2 XC©^HL©r-j:-^OOC^X© 2 X’H- HWWOi>X«© 2 W©XOi©i>O^^WOHH c© - 5 ©" X N^XX©2Xi©^HHX©XNXrH*cHHXi© X X C© C© X rH X ©2 L© X — 5rj H »© H X 2- X X 2- »© rH rH rH rH H< ©2 ©2 ©2 ©2 ^ 4 h©2'-HH , ©2 Hh003?OQWNOX^N»CXX'/)OiXC©^X -H©2 — Hf2H — X -3- C©C©X-3- r-H rH NN e© XX X ©2 1 © — 1 © ©2 -H ©2 --rX©ON00HNXX ^Hl©Hi©H7?C©ONH *CH©3 hN^XXXN rH ©2 ©2 *—1 ©2 t—« — L© -H H" 1 X "© — rH os cT © 2 ’ t —1 ~f^ ©^ X ©2 ©2 —— rH X —¥ 3^ X X ©2 ^ > ©2 L'- ©2 X X 4 X 4 C© X ©2 X X X ‘O ©2 X »© 4 ?>. r© f© X X rH r*r rH -H ©J t'r L© C© C© O ©2 — rH rH - HHHOJHXN^iCMXOXb-^COS'l^HON XNHXt-HO — i© ◄ © © bJ3 N ^ 03 O O M X O CC CO X © © © X M ^ ^ © 4 irf l© 4 »© 4 *© »© 4 4 4 41© 4 4 4 4 i©? 4 4 L© x x ©> x x :© l- i© c© ©coxi-©x s©© 2 t-x x w'tc: © 1 t- x x c-. i- x rH COOCOXHO^W^CO^COwNOXXO 4* 4 —7 *4^5 ©f ©f acT ncT *© *o ■ —. :3 087 : -j H> £ ~ o a.2 Eh P< MCiCMO'IOO^XNOvaiC'^cpiONOO^N *C -f 71 7> »C -* C ^ w. X ’C 70 C5 O CC C*. --H X — N wCjX^CO?:hCNX ^OOHCOlO^hNWO^h. ©» ■»*«-( — < *© eo ^ co ©2 0 $ I* 4 -> © 03 • H Q © . h r3 1 n n n C3 e o o -5 8 8 C ^^3 ^ S'> SA-3 Si 'u h» ^ _ ONS^. oj'c 2?^ ^ o cxr* 53 - S<.S5 s-^c'x cs © © 03 -> O 'sg XCh b£. 3 O © -in pH o <4H © cn c 43 +3 cd © cn © Ph id ic tii REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. tO © i iN'^H^T-'HriCC i H^j h^ T2 . a pH - © ^ > M C O 'dd 'rH 'dtr Ides i 1 CC i t 1 II 1 till 1 II 1 till 1 1 1 1 lilt 1 1 1 1 III! 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 » 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 253 o5 0 •p NHICHHX01 ■ ^ 'OlXHH^Oi • ' rH ' 1 1 • I 1 1 1 • 1 « 414 rH 1 1 1 1 1 t 11 to 15. » 0 »CNOHCHNCmNHpHHH-Ci 0 i iC Oi to r-H Oi t- CO O-HX01CliCrHH 2,884 WQOJiflCOrHOON’^CQCiOOO COOiCC »—i to Oi so rH Oi -T* to © t- 1-4 Oi OiCO®C3lMC3XXNXiOHiX©in rJH Oi rf r-H L— Oi rH X r-H r-H CO t—* rH i> rH 2,631 •pH s c3 C4H c5 o r*-> X 0 co Q?DHIHLOHXQONOiasOO(Ml>COX CZ:OlXrHCOCOCOOi^OiCOCO^COX*-HrH t—< r-H rH to © Oi - 05HX«XHiCHCClOfflt-N»©ON rHoodccoocoecccdcot-HPcctrcCHti r-H 1—1 rr d r “1 5,985 o X Ph © a ^aOitC^OHHrrOCOOOlCOlOCCSO OL-»OiO^»WX^CC5©SCOCOt- — rH 0i Oi rH Oi 8,257 to OCO~-HCCCldCCCCCOCOi-CCiCOt-rHrH -HaCiJiOnXH'H-H'HOXi.HXH'X d d CC CC rr rH d 10,727 COOiXCOOOCOOisO^XO'iXt^a:’— 1©:»0 >0 ONCON OOsOXXOWOOiOi^X Oif-HOi CO rH CO HHH CO 13,564 co* SO O Oi l— X Oi Oi CO SO Oi CO CS © CO O Oi Oi Oi i- Oi i- c: Gi X i— i- to Oi Ol^OX COr-lOi CO CO T-HHrtrtCO 16,119 oi X CC O N H O N O O N 05 CC M O C OI Oi X X CO r— L- C: SO tO OS SO tO Oi © X rH tO tO CO Oi X Oi —1 rH rH X X to rH t-T rH rH 10CC^C1©NCHC5C^05HXXCCC5 i- Oi © to © X Oi to r* X © © Oi X Oi Oi Oi rH Oi rH rH • 12,498 Aver- age size. cca»fflxisdxcincccH<©ot-N 'Ht'^r^lO'^'^ , tOr^tO'^ l '^tO'^H^tO'^'^ -4- HjJ Total number of fam¬ ilies. © X N X C ^ 05 tO tO 05 O i.O C5 CC X Cl r« r—• ■h* 0 i X rH CO 0 ! X © 0 i tO © © © to CO —1 c SO so r-aO tc O X ^ 05 05 SO to © X to 01 rH Oi of Oi t- »o § Total popula¬ tion. X 1-hXXXlChiO^XiCOCOHCO © © © © Oi © © t.o CO — to SO ©XNtOH lCO|l-r-,HC:OlX©©rHlC©N Oi iO rft X X NHOirHCCHWn r^ ^ Oi Oi © r-t Oi g oi z H*-i CO ~ S3 r Jl N ci c a c! 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City of Matanzas . Maximo Gomez. Mendez Capiote.- Palmillas.... Perico...- - Roque .. Sabanilla..— San Jose de los Ramos... Santa Ana ... Union de Reves. Tlie province.. « j H a £ >H Oh o H O M > o Ph ©^00©i^^©CO©00.iOCOCOi-COi-^CO*H©^COrH gohhcoooo»oohhncowqo?onh h © CO rH iH CO r-i 1 —I o lO OHQOCUOHO^NON^C5CONOOHICOO rHWCOAOQOOJXCOWCOOCOOCjCWHQO^ r—l 01 rH i—l IO r—I rH 0*1 co io I - OI iOCOCOrHGO©COiO©©COCOiO?OOJOiX®lCO^COOi>Cl Ol H rH T^l 01 CO rH 00 Cl H CO TH o H OI OCCIHiCCIHHCOXHHOCiHXOClXH CHCOXOOlOCOXLOCJHHCO^ClOiOHCiF- COr—IriHrHCOCOHH OI rH © §* rH CO H CO lO o L- NICOXCOOCIHOHOHOHQOXOHHCOO L- 05 00 iH lO CO co CO t- CO 00 CO O I- N lO H> CO lO CO CO OI HHHCOCICO CIHN^H CO ^H CO CO CO CO HOSCONCOOCO^LO^WCOH^^-ONNHOCO COOSCOCOOOCOCOCOiO^t-CvKMCO ^COCOH OI OI 05 OI rH rH OI OI OI rH rH CO ^ rH OI rH rH oi H CO co' 05 iJl>HCOC5 05HH^iO*Ol>rfl^OiCiOClXCO © 01 i - CO CO CO OI t- CO —H OI -H Hh co CO rH CO CO ON H OI H oo o 01 ClCl^OOXXOHOXiOOXCiOClOOCOd id H< H< HH CO id H< id id id H^ id id id id id HH © id © CO i- I- 05 CO H< CO lO 05 H 05 OI CO CO Q* 05 H CO O 00 CO i- ONONNHHNt-OHNNH^ co co i- lO © t- O CO 05 OI 00 CO CO lO CO 1.0 1.0 to Co 00 HH OI H< CO co >o id HdHM CO H ClHd N 05 CO NNCOCOOSOCOOOHCOCOHCO © CO © i^ CO © HHO CO © CO 05 CO HNU5COCOH Co CO H CO X O O COhXXCOONNNXHCOOCOOoCIHHNON 05* of CO H in cd 30 H 01 rH of co co' co' CO H oi hhVn H rH CO rH rH H CO o co' N c3 a eg O cc r-T r—( a> © a a a c.o •swal’Sl-: CD H> m n o o JQ a ft? r**P V TS $« 8 m ,2 ' sj 'S N © a © a cq^.^ » a a .2 S“ 2s © ® « K^rO'a'a ^ M O o o ^ "l! ° to & &C S 05 r2 =i-2S © © eS-2 w t-rr'-z' 8 S s'SS'O'O £ 2 f“ Scl-2 ’® ^rioQQ^J^ “ « » 2 3 b.SHrT! 3M a -p-a^ 1 ^aaaooPaar; o'a a » a a a a a»a a a a a a lt 1 CCCBCCOiCCp- © o a •rH > o a p. © ,a Eh 510 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. r3 (V P a o u so • • so Oi -a I M t—( X X X s j « *£ H ca H £ Oh £ Oh -P o • rT - cc rb ’ a > o (h K Oh t-H O fc P* hH $ £ «M X c c CO Pi O cm © CO o HH> c •H r—* 0 *3 W P r > r-H ^ I HH 5> ? ic — Aver- ;uc size. M rc c: ^ ■'t ■'t So ^ t- Total number of fam¬ ilies. xrrc^ x cc —1 x 6,516 1,074 l- X , «» X -b at r—* ! r; ^ 5oS rf 2 ^?5 i3 c ^ ro »-o ir? X E-, c +h f-H if* X <—• • • • . • • 1 1 1 1 1 • • • 1 • • • • 1 • • V* • • • 1 1 1 V 1 H © -M lit ’*« 1 . . © v. ■X 1 _n •F- ^ ! ! .£* 5 ’•'© > Q -*-0 T , • ; 'O ■ 1 1 M : N P* ® 'a _ :.’! and over. HMM© ^ • 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 65 tocccjiocc • , M‘c • h rt 000 crt> l'? x r—i -M • X© ’H « r-< «—( • 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l >N H- X rH *-< rH c5 WOHICC5NC MOO ■ i- —< CC CC C\l C2 r—1 l-H l© *H «-H • rH 05 C} t- O 40 1 1 »-^ l 1 lC HN 03^ O r—< i>- rHM -T C5 lO to 1 C L- 01 01 -r 1 © i-O so —■ © lO CO -f :© -x © Ol co © -* -r t- © co -h i.o © -—^ © © i5 © xo t- o5 1 - 1.0 HH ISD —< H § Cl X »C H* r-r — ^ C5 -+3 rM CNC 0 4J ^0 W N Tt' ».C ^ C5 Cl C 2 X CC »—1 Cl X © C CC — »C CUCCXCCHNH M os X H*| 0 ZD O X X '"■*■ *—» ^ QH — . ' ■ - c >-1 C5 i- OOCX^Xr-tN C©CNlCN 55CC5XW Cl C C -t lCN H <*CKC C lC 55 ^ lCCI X X i-H f-H H4 ^ h-H Cl H< ^H 3 rn Cl N to . X 2^2 rt c: i X .X -*■ 0> -+■ -H © © ^- "- © 01 © © i- t* iO LO l- 01 -r©LOx©t-oi <-*i'© xlo© xc©cc 1—1 r- t- ©5 r— oc ”N Cl Cl X iC ^.d C5 Ci —« i- X i-O 1 - x t- 65 T-H 1 —• »H X 3 S H< i O 55 X C h C LC c ’-i ^ 55 *5 r- ^ H Cl CC ^ CC rH ^ X CS N ^ H Cl H 55 55 i.C H i>. H ^h r^CJC* iHX© r'H ^ go ^ cc 00 rH — as*. cf 525 <5 cc Oh O ? 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OX(-l'X-Xl-LC 0 vO ® o s 3 V 02 H W*HHHH *0. : S ©r> *-i o ^ sd r -0^: ^ - ® ®H i-o . n ei eS n b 3 , ^ a a cOh 5s£o a ~ r a Cl Cl 2§s? 00 '• N 2Z S XN 5. Cl 21^1 •f 5. 6 o -© tc - ® S*T ’Jl c* © O w s ~ 5 ■'”= 3 -'- 1 3trC?5?.h-Oo:^j3 C f)^.©'w7; --'^S5- : i;o£©®S? C: ' i; "S^ ** x s- ~ B .©. *1 — © — ~ 3 ; ® C C c c3 •“ w "*"*■* ^ 2 *3 b x cfi ©I d ci ci C r gj h-» . —Q - - ---—* - vJ N ® £ z>z£ 3^ ® 5 £ 5 © > 00 js © -.2 g c c o S»xc8J53cScSCgj ;^mohOh 0 * 0 : 0:02 x < a -» 1 '7) ; cc • *M ' C< e e r J. *•«* M* w ~-c > »3 FAMILIES 511 rH rH i rH • i i i i i ©01^©^GC<31© rH rH rH rH 254 ^ © 02 ©oioot^©co©iao 01 rH rH i- Oi HN© HlC^iCC©HNC5 © ©rHQo©i>-©QOOO I- OI rH I'- of ©h*J>- oooi^h©h^©oo© o «CO*ou:i> OI H OI H *H cc of rH © © aoos^ec»o«o*--'t>. ©00 40 OO^OHOiCOOj© rH CO rH 01 rH S'} © r. rHt-CO 4001©©©©OOCC © CC © 30 H 1 rH © 40 © CO © rH rH OlH^tHHCO^H © 40 i-CO© CC^^OiCHCiN CO©00©OIO1^© ©lO^HOliO^lrH I- rH Oi r-1 01 rH rH rH H* iH 01 rH CC ©©00tH©)IlC^© © © H- H- aQCO© 00 © 02 ?>»© coi-oooioii>-eooi cc HHr rH © r* CC © ©tO?^©co©©co © N H X ©CC^t©©2-©tO © rH r rH 'HcG^oiwcc^Oi t- - © rH ^0 I s * rH © © L- © t- CC tO © OJlCr to © Ci © © i- © © 8 rH rH 01 ^ OI © © © Oi -*tO© C0CCH H rH rH ©r*§2CC©^©.© ©©©0©iH©© H< tH H? Oi OI CC ©rH ■M H rH CO © © CO© 40 ©00Oir*©4OQCfc- © © © © 02 © Ci i- 02 CO §2 r- rr © r- ss OI I tO cxc: i - © ^ 40 © © 021- 40 tO H< iO <* td r$H r^5 *o in*** **£ 40 © so 40 © i- © cc © ©-^-^tO©^©© rH rH © Oi fc>« r-i © © © 1 — co »o §*i-H 02 »o £*rH © 40 © I r. © 40 © © i- © 02 rH O CC © -* © CO© ^C©l'-i'«0■«* © iO © 40 > © © © H< ^ © ! *H —< 02 *- © IS . x a > a o O 4JVj 4J G G S3 ^ aS Sir 'G ^ c ' 3 ° l 73 5 co ^ ^ tn C/2CCE-I >■ O 0 < i—i Eh O « Oh © i iO © rH • © «:— 40 rH 02 ®2 rH » » • ■ OI *H O • rH • rH • • • • rH **H i t iiii i i ii«i i i iiii i i i \ i i i i « i i i i i iiii i i « i i CC 50 ! ^©©©01CO©t^©*HO1© ! 20’^ !©X^^M © rH rH rH rH • Oi §1 i i i ■ • IS 03NC , T!N®l>aO*f)C05"r-iffl — —nftO’-H 00 C 0 r-iiOffiC cc l— O Oi <—i 00 W CO rH rH CO CO 5,637 cocct-oicococooii—Hio-^«coiffo;oN«-—r oo OO^t'-COOiOiODOSCOi—iOie'iCOCO»OCCCO'+ ll ^5 OO OiUO-^-H-HOi OlOt'iNI>5'5rH OiCOr-iOlO; 00 CC "H © © £^iCtO©rHiO©-H»0©©© 07)'«H 01 Hi CO © 'H 02 H i- CC © 4.0 © CC t- rr I— © © © © © o © cc © ©) © © rH rH r- 02 t- CC OI CO §0 rr 02 hH rH 02 © ^ rH >H g 1 n ; CC '+!OOC5^j'^C:OliiOiOCcO»OOocOif5COOCCH’'+' c> 050C05t-C0t'C0t-»CCCCQ0iC)Ot-C000'<# >H 9,686 wioonxwoooi©©^ooconxhhoim © ©©'HC0i-'-©'H*O»0^rCC©QC©t0r-iiO©©© ©> © -H rH 02 02 © 02 i.- rH © © rH © © © I- © e. ^ r-i rH 8,893 © lO »C rH © r* CC © © to to © Oi © t- 02 02 © uOJh © © »C rH co to 0.2 01 cc tc 02 to © 'H Hh 02 © 02 © © © <*• 'H ( 02 02 rH 02 rH J> Oi rf rH rr r—l © © rH 4,574 O'—iu5coo405«o«ceoeocoo5'4co-0i>—-* ■H tO tO »0 LC H H tC H LC i-O 'H iO »C tO »0 tC iO H< -0 o 40 rH*0'HJ-rfcC©©©©© »0 0 2 02 rH -4- © ^ CC 02 © 02 l- r-^ 02 lO ^ CC' lO ^0 40 © © 02 Oo of rjTcO tH h of 40 © © rH © of rH 02© H 02 © cT rH 65,210 o co o: co t- -r cc co tn co co ic -c to co © l-). . Rice. .5 Yams. .3 Irish potatoes. .3 Pineapples. .3 Oranges. .3 Onions. .‘2 The table shows that very nearly one-half of the cultivated area of Cuba was planted in sugar cane; that the next crop of importance, in which 11.3 per cent of the cultivated area was planted, was sweet- potatoes, while tobacco, for which crop the island is quite as cele¬ brated as for sugar cane, occupied only 9.3 per cent of the cultivated, area, being third in importance as measured in area cultivated. Bananas and Indian corn occupied nearly as much ground. Coffee, at one time a product of great importance in Cuba, occupied only 1.6 per cent of the cultivated area, and most other crops were of even less importance. The following table shows, by percentages, the distribution of the area cultivated in each crop by the tenure of the occupant and his race, the occupants being classified as white owners, white renters, colored 548 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. owners, and colored renters, and others, and the figures being per¬ centages of the entire area devoted to each crop: White owners. White renters. Colored owners. Colored renters. Other. Tobacco. 22.4 65. 7 0. 8 8 3 2.8 3.3 8 5 Sugar cane. 55.6 36.6 0.9 3.6 14.8 Rice. 27.3 45.7 3.7 Sweet-potatoes. 26.8 53.0 2.5 13.1 4 6 Irish potatoes. 30.0 58.8 0.5 3.2 21.3 7 5 Y ams. 19.5 43.5 8.2 7.5 Bananas. 38.0 41.1 4. 7 10. 7 5.5 Cocoanuts. 48.5 15.5 14.8 15.5 5. 7 Coffee. 36.1 17.3 25.6 17.9 3.1 Onions. 33.2 54.7 1.6 5.3 5.2 Pineapples. 39. 4 50.2 1.2 3.1 6.1 Cocoa . 26.4 12.5 33.7 25.0 2.4 Mai an gas. 19.0 65.0 1.5 11.6 2. 9 Oranges. 40.9 45.9 2.3 6.1 4.8 Indian corn. 27.5 49.9 2.9 14.0 5.7 Y'ucca. 24.1 46.6 3.4 17.7 8.2 It will be recalled that the cultivated area was distributed as follows, b} T tenure and race: Per cent. White owners. 40. 7 White renters.44. 2 Colored owners. 2. 8 Colored renters. 8. 2 White occupants. 84. 9 Colored occupants. 11.0 Owners.-.43.5 Renters. 52. 4 It will be seen, on examination of the above table, that in the case of tobacco, sugar, Irish potatoes, onions, pineapples, and oranges, the proportion of land occupied by whites was in excess of their propor¬ tion of the whole cultivated area, and that in the case of the other crops this proportion was less; in other words, the crops above enumerated were produced by wdiite men in greater proportion than by colored, while in the case of the other crops the situation was reversed. This is particularly the case with sugar, of which more than nine-tenths of the crop was produced by white men, and only a trifling proportion by colored. Turning now to owners versus renters, as concerned with different products, it is seen that sugar, cocoanuts, coffee, and cocoa were raised upon owned land in greater proportion than the average of the culti¬ vated area, while in the case of the other crops the situation is reversed. It will be noted that the crops which were cultivated mainly upon owned estates are those of a permanent character, as distin¬ guished from annual crops. AN AVENUE OF ROYAL PALMS, MATANZAS. AGRICULTURE. 549 Sugar cane .—Each province of Cuba produced sugar cane, but in varying amounts, as shown by the following table: Cordels. Per cent. Santa Clara. 1,735,000 1,245,501 691,100 279,444 105,500 85,471 41.9 Matanzas. 30.1 Santiago..-. 16.7 Habana. 6.7 Puerto Principe. 2.5 Pinar del Rio.-. 2.1 Assuming that the product is proportional to the area under culti¬ vation, it appears that Santa Clara produced not less than 41.9 per cent of the product of the island, and Matanzas 30.1 per cent. Considering the relative areas of the two provinces it is seen that Matanzas is, in proportion to its area, of rather more importance in the sugar industry than Santa Clara. Santiago produced 16.7 per cent, or one-sixth of the product of the island, and Habana but one-sixteenth. The amounts produced in Puerto Principe and Pinar del Rio were little more than trifling. Of the total area of cultivated land in Cuba, 47.3 per cent was, as is stated above, planted in sugar cane. The proportion of the cultivated area planted in this product differed widely in different provinces, showing a corresponding difference in the relative importance attached to this crop in different parts of the island. The following table shows the percentage of the cultivated land which in each province was planted in sugar cane: Per cent. Matanzas. 78. 4 Santa Clara. 71. 3 Puerto Principe. 34. 7 Santiago. 34. 5 Habana. 27. 0 Pinar del Rio. 6.1 Thus it appears that, considering its area, Matanzas is the most important of the provinces of Cuba in this regard, nearly four-fifths of its cultivated area being devoted to sugar cane. In Santa Clara nearly three-fourths of the cultivated area is thus used, while at the other extreme is Pinar del Rio, where only one-sixteenth was planted in sugar cane. Tobacco .—Tobacco was produced in each of the provinces of the island, but in differing degrees of importance, as is shown by the following table: Cordels. Per cent. Pinar del Rio. 590.353 106,632 103.354 11,489 4,674 72.2 Habana. 13.1 Santa Clara... 12.6 Santiago. 1.4 Matanzas. .6 Puerto Principe. 950 .1 550 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. If we measure the amount of tobacco produced by the area under cultivation, the product of Pinar del Rio was 72.2 per cent, or nearly three-fourths of the entire product of Cuba. Habana and Santa Clara together produced a little more than one-fourth, while the amount raised in Santiago, Matanzas, and Puerto Principe is comparatively trifling. Of the total cultivated area of Cuba, 9.6 per cent were planted in tobacco. The proportion of the cultivated area of the several provinces which was planted in tobacco differs widely, as is seen below: Per cent. Pinar del Rio. 42.4 Habana. 10.3 Santa Clara. 4. 2 Santiago.6 Puerto Principe.3 Matanzas.3 Thus it appears that, considering tobacco relative to other agricul¬ tural interests, it was most prominent at the west end of the island, in Pinar del Rio primarily and in Habana secondarily, and that elsewhere it was a crop of comparatively little importance, although cultivated widelv to a small extent. These are the two great export crops of the island. The others are raised almost entirely for home consumption, and their distribution is a matter of less interest. The cultivation of sweet potatoes is distributed quite generally over the island, but is greatest in the two extreme provinces, Pinar del Rio and Santiago. The cultivation of bananas is also quite general, although in the province of Santiago much greater attention is paid to it than else¬ where, the area under cultivation being about three-sevenths of that of the island. Indian corn is a grain of much importance in the agriculture of Cuba. It is raised in every province in considerable quantities, but most attention is paid to it in Santiago. Malanga, a farinaceous root, is raised quite generally for food throughout the island, but more than two-thirds of it is produced in the province of Pinar del Rio and only a trifling amount in Puerto Principe. Yucca is produced in every province, but apparently the most atten¬ tion is paid to it in Santiago, in which province is situated nearly one- half of the area under this crop in the island. Coffee, once a crop of great importance, is now produced only to a small extent, and that almost entirely in the provinces of Santa Clara and Santiago. In the latter province are situated about three-fourths of the coffee lands of the island. The cultivation of the cocoanut palm is confined almost entirely to CLIMBING THE ROYAL PALM. AGRICULTURE. 551 Santiago, in which province is more than four-fifths of the area devoted to its cultivation. The distribution of the production of cocoa is very similar, being confined almost entirely to Santiago. The production of rice, which is of little importance, is distributed with considerable uniformity. The production of yams is in great part confined to Santiago, which province contributes more than one-half the island’s product. Irish potatoes are raised only to a very limited extent. Their cul¬ tivation is scattered widel} T , but nearly half of them are produced in the province of Habana. Pineapples are produced in every province, but more than four- fifths of the product comes from Habana. Oranges are raised in every province, but in Habana and Matanzas to a much greater extent than elsewhere. Of the onion product, more than two-thirds come from the province of Habana. Owing to the fact that the agricultural interests of the province of Puerto Principe are in the main pastoral, the leading product being live stock, a special tabulation was made of its pasture lands. The total area of the pasture lands in this province was 16,666 caballerias , or approximately 550,000 acres. This land was owned and occupied in the manner shown in the following table: Caballe¬ rias. Per cent. White owners. 6,720 40 White renters. 4'996 30 Colored owners. 232 1 Colored renters. 617 4 Other . 4,101 25 Total. 16,666 100 From this it appears that two-fifths of the pasture lands of the prov¬ ince were owned by whites and three-tenths of them were rented by whites. The amount occupied by colored was trifling, the greater part of the remainder being incapable of classification and given under the head of “other.” Live stock .—Table LII shows the number of live stock on farms and elsewhere, by provinces. The live stock on farms is also classified by the tenure of the farms. The following is a summary of the results: Horses Mules Asses. Pigs.. Goats Sheep Fowls 88,001 18, 474 1,842 858, 868 18,564 9,982 1,517,892 552 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Cattle. 376,650 Oxen. 164, 948 Steers.. 10,714 Bulls. 13, 279 Young bulls. 36,125 Cows. 82, 338 Heifers. 12, 366 Yearling calves. 15,676 Other calves. 41, 204 Other animals. 2, 777 The total amount of live stock is small, considering the size of the island and its population. Horses are comparatively few in number; mules are apparently little used, while oxen are the chief draft animals. The number of sheep is trifling. Sugar mills .—An attempt was made upon the farm schedules to obtain statistics concerning the number, capacity, and production of the sugar mills, or centrals , of Cuba, and it is believed that, considering the con¬ dition of the sugar industry at the time the census was taken, the results are quite as satisfactory as could have been expected. Many of the mills were in ruins, many others had been injured to a greater or less extent, and none of them were in operation at the time of the census, as the cane crop had not at that time been harvested. The schedules received from Matanzas and Santa Clara, in which provinces most of the sugar is produced, were quite satisfactory. The most defective schedules came from Pinar del Rio, Puerto Principe, and Santiago, which were relatively of little importance in the matter of sugar production, and in which the sugar mills are, as a rule, small. Summing up the returns given by the schedules, it appears that Cuba contained at the time of the census 207 mills, of all sizes, which were in condition to be operated. Their capacity was jointly 8,754,192 arrobas of cane. The average daily production of these mills was 61,407 bags of sugar, at 200 pounds per bag. There were connected with these mills 85 stills, with a daily capacity of 161,751 gallons of rum. In the following table the results are set forth by provinces: Sugar centrals. Provinces. No. Capacity of cane. Production per day. St Number. ills. Capacity per day. Habana. 20 71 7 3 73 42 Arrobas. 858,050 3,342,200 118,700 170,000 3,512,600 752,542 Bags. 6,025 23,406 785 1,180 22,750 7,261 6 25 Gallons. 3.850 72,929 Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. 2 25 27 2,900 30,600 51,472 Santiago. Cuba. 207 8,754,192 61,407 85 161,751 ROPING CATTLE. AGRICULTURE 553 TABLES OF AGRICULTURE. Table XLIY .—Farm areas in Caballerias. Provinces. Number of farms. Total area. Area culti¬ vated, 1899. Area culti¬ vated in 1895. Large tim¬ ber. Small tim¬ ber. Habana. Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago. Cuba. . 6,159 4,083 10,408 2,382 16,129 21,550 25,244. 96 30,616.77 33,827.34 61,365.08 57,171.12 54,633.22 3.193.21 4,902.35 4,303.78 938.83 7,514.91 6.179.22 7,213.46 11,086.90 3,816.71 10,945.45 8,728.35 1,884.96 1,468. 99 10,430.38 25,269. 77 7,733.34 26,336.88 1, 408. 78 1,899.76 3,716.37 12,033.59 5, 900. 92 11,341.11 60,711 262,858.49 27,032.30 73,124.32 36, 300.53 PROVINCE OF HABANA. Districts. Number of farms. Total area. Area culti¬ vated in 1899. Area culti¬ vated in 1895. Large tim¬ ber. Small tim¬ ber. Aguacate. 47 471.13 73.82 190.65 40.50 34 Alquizar. 235 908.97 126.24 247. 95 8.55 80.44 Bainoa. 148 382.13 121.10 275. 28 11.43 22.07 Batabano. 101 1,594.50 77.48 357.57 28.87 312.62 Bauta. 191 832. 76 157.57 331.70 .03 113.54 Bejucal. 166 260.19 45.47 65.30 24.18 4.50 Cano. 249 515. 90 130.10 79. 78 30. 30 38.36 Casiguas. 21 100.23 29.56 23.42 4.99 .99 Catalina. 169 521.07 90.83 217.21 9.68 25.93 Cieba del Agua. 155 223.07 54.32 110. 25 .12 12.74 Guanabacoa. 368 611.54 134.61 175. 73 9.70 14.87 Guara. 47 477. 76 16.56 160.62 49.50 30.25 Guines. 289 1,059.62 236.43 546 10.35 118.10 Guira de Helena. 569 947.65 257.29 338.93 3.15 7. 77 Habana. 269 419.81 120. 54 72. 60 5.85 7.62 Isla de Pinos. 94 7,030.96 25. 69 14.72 1,233.31 93. 06 Jaruco . 169 687. 95 76.16 158.18 26. 75 47.12 Mad ruga. 165 515.50 82.90 306.43 31.50 19.12 Managua. 142 508.84 73.37 189.04 35.25 17.80 Marianao. 77 150.21 68.31 95.84 6. 50 4.12 Helena del Sur. 46 401.30 88.68 246.33 1 6 Nueva Paz. 298 843. 79 171.27 460.41 28. 75 95.88 Pipian. 142 367.10 72.69 226.10 89.75 47.49 Quivican. 90 375.06 49.75 208.58 79.50 4.25 Regia. 1 .87 .62 Salud. 320 493.46 107.10 227.12 2.58 42.57 San Antonio. 75 600.83 51.59 270.30 .10 72.87 San Antonio de los Banos. 523 735. 76 168.68 157. 53 4.82 19.75 San Felipe. 39 240.55 5.94 172 San Jos6 de las Lajas. 146 420.45 49.15 174. 65 54.48 28. 33 San Nicolas. 151 623.82 77.15 280. 59 9.99 23.48 Santa Cruz del Norte. 135 843.50 134. 22 391.20 12.20 26.95 Santa Maria del Rosario. 92 163.39 31.87 41.05 2 2.08 Santiago de las Vegas. 180 348.18 94.48 107. 26 9.41 20.81 Tapaste. 120 330.02 33.92 193. 64 19. 62 2.56 Verada Nueva. 130 237. 09 57.75 99.50 .25 10. 74 Total. 6,159 25,244. 96 3,193. 21 7,213.46 1,884.96 1,408. 78 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Alacranes. 219 1,500.36 391.81 574. 98 112.92 128.88 Bolondrdn. 165 2,428.80 301.06 1,056.13 136. 99 159.84 Cabezas . 189 1,049.45 216.12 236.79 18.25 68. 50 Can a si. 30 616.23 73.93 194. 50 20 73.75 Cardenas. 17 202.46 80.02 59.34 Carlos Rojas. 78 824. 50 96.42 352.98 20.58 Colon ... . 300 1,619.87 245. 03 498. 91 85.12 49.23 Cuevitas. 274 1,552.82 253.93 469. 67 43.66 61.81 Guamacaro. 73 1,461.31 137. 36 522.10 22 165. 74 Jagiiey Grande. 508 1,713 66 252. 25 394.12 460. 47 61.45 Jovellanos. 90 658.09 178.05 399.21 14.25 Macagua. 93 1,356.28 81.35 248.23 247. 86 100. 26 Macuriges. 282 2,107.23 424. 77 947.67 89 69.11 Marti. 113 1,835.28 236.11 460.62 24.25 122.03 Matanzas. 624 2, 681.96 308.45 862.87 24.50 507.97 554 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XLIV. —Farm areas in Caballerias —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS—Continued. Districts. Number of farms. Total area. Area culti¬ vated in 1899. Area culti¬ vated, in 1895. Large tim¬ ber. Small tim¬ ber. Maximo-Gomez. 135 905.96 153.56 372.57 54.63 Mendez Capote. 100 726.50 133.23 233.63 4.23 28.02 Palmillas. 162 2,310. 67 310. 36 726.09 65.39 57.07 Perico. 56 508.80 142. 31 196.29 .13 1.50 Roque. 208 1,675.43 253.88 728.96 104.27 52.70 Sabanilla. 150 1,215.45 224.13 707.90 4.93 12.59 San Jose de los Ramos. 96 678.25 216.50 304.71 .02 40.54 Santa Ana. 75 736 75.29 386. 62 5 49.31 UniOn de Reves. 46 251.41 116.43 152.01 Total. 4,083 30,616.77 4,902.35 11,086.90 1,468. 99 1,899.76 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Artemisa. 493 1,157.10 211. 78 260.17 34.75 117.01 Bahia Honda. 48 652.31 26.54 42.00 285. 75 77.00 Cabanas . 137 1,305.64 155.40 225.50 17. 75 157. 87 Candelaria. 232 2,163. 74 135.12 192.35 161.96 282.59 Consolacion del Norte. 825 1,339.31 226.69 41.22 396. 73 234.27 Consolacion del Sur. 1,103 2,262.72 463.43 402.52 20. 75 51.51 Guanajay . 262 179.07 67.11 10. 46 1.02 Guane'. 742 10,205. 92 371.31 176. 65 6,823.90 992.68 Guayabel. 146 580.00 83.10 409.61 9.37 23.37 Julian Diaz. 138 1,049.36 50.47 1.50 200.00 2.50 Los Palacios. 213 592.13 78.97 102.56 82.25 63.25 Mdntua. 762 4,605.23 230. 78 320. 78 1,843.57 618.97 Mariel. 149 725.09 90.60 411.67 1.00 134.69 Pinar del Rio. 2,298 2,113.28 903.47 209.87 7.05 142.30 San Cristobal. 288 1,045.98 158.09 197.28 147. 76 161.54 San Diego de los Banos. 241 771.07 81.18 100.04 113. 62 140.13 San Diego de Munoz. 42 188.21 23.35 30.00 . 65.00 San Juan v Martinez. 766 . 1,181.28 470.62 384.49 11.33 138. 96 San Luis. 544 570.31 213.52 66.28 . 50 94.00 Vinales. 979 1,139.59 262.26 231. 76 272.34 217.47 Total. 10,408 33,827. 34 4,303. 78 3,816.71 10,430.38 3, 716.37 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Ciego de Avila. Moron . 379 383 153 1,304 163 10, 773.34 4,890.28 4,939.95 34,006.15 6, 755.36 95.44 111.04 327. 74 352.27 52. 34 4,304.52 1,604.51 1,421.20 15,129. 36 2,810.18 2,021.74 1,209.05 1,589.96 5,921.79 1,291.05 Nue vitas. Puerto Principe. Santa Cruz del Sur. Total. 2,382 61,365.08 938.83 25,269.77 12,033.59 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. Abreus. Caibaricn. Calabazar. Camajuan:. Cartagena. Ceja de Pablo. Cienfuegos. Cifuentes. Cruces. Esperanza . Palmira. Plaeetas . Quemadas de Guines. Rancho Veloz. Ranchuelo. Rodas. Sagua la Grande. San Antonio de las Vueltas Sancti-Spiritus. San Diego del Valle. 96 415.87 115.26 102.88 1.50 24. 75 82 455.63 73.52 69.18 41.16 46.17 700 2,903.69 464. 78 700.94 390. 74 209.55 674 1,066.44 267.95 533.42 14.86 16.66 320 1,745.28 225. 70 415.61 46. 75 217. 95 470 1,772. 42 119.53 199 35 4. 41 100 83 1,545 7,021.15 1,435.29 1,152.47 1,260 46 913. 76 209 643. 93 41.72 104.33 8.64 24.96 143 535.82 121. 72 350. 55 .47 7 47 630 1,108.63 212. 72 446.88 21.01 40 47 78 588.44 180.01 247.17 1.00 438 2,060.61 208. 40 284. 84 247. 36 115 00 .503 1,288.76 222. 99 543.07 79.99 36 33 467 1,235.05 225.86 280.44 46. 48 38.22 134 466.02 99. 39 175.54 6.00 8. 49 256 1,472.06 377. 97 668.52 22.50 5.03 365 1,511.71 188.71 175. 32 24.49 287.08 1,206 1,355.52 293. 58 407. 82 186.95 193.73 1,632 8,724.00 285.19 359. 21 1,622.09 1,329.11 554 964.94 71.93 92.19 51.78 124.56 AGRICULTURE 555 Table XLIY .—Farm areas in Caballerias —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. Districts. Number of farms. Total area. Area culti¬ vated in 1899. Area culti¬ vated in 1895. Large tim¬ ber. Small tim¬ ber. San Fernando. 451 1,177.84 372.97 440.50 9.81 20.23 San Juan de las Yeras. 474 1,029.84 121.09 263.05 5.00 90.20 San Juan de los Remedios. 625 1,630.65 341.28 643.21 113.63 160.25 Santa Clara. 1,726 4,404.17 302.44 520.98 648. 66 709.44 Santa Isabel de las Lajas 262 1,631.50 393.41 608. 08 28.25 20.42 Santo Domingo. 835 1,748.69 228.43 395.23 92.28 186.58 Trinidad. 915 5,996.64 271.80 317.13 1,920. 37 568.43 Yaguajay. 339 2,215.82 251.27 447.54 837. 70 404.25 Total. 16,129 57,171.12 7,514.91 10,945.45 7,733.34 5,900. 92 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO DE CUBA. Alto Songo. 1,515 1,942.78 291.23 327.17 819.41 749.95 Baracoa. 2,110 2, 702.46 676.97 1,248.20 796.01 1,163.97 Bay am o. 1,373 4,153. 78 444. 63 223. 04 1,319.43 1,163.64 Campechuela. 321 1,186.54 296.41 305.00 487. 74 137.80 Caney. . 611 2,235.61 78. 81 131.40 1,225.37 276.10 Cobre. 1,253 4,123.82 258. 78 317.17 4,203.96 144.59 Cristo. 19 4.35 2.08 2.10 Gibara . 1,205 3, 770.49 980. 44 1,288.49 1,550.87 651.91 Guantanamo. 1,262 4,546.43 714. 92 815.51 1,896. 93 834.80 Holguin. 3,260 13,834.84 449.97 1,303.54 6, 582. 99 2, 758.17 Jiguani. 863 1,506.42 230.87 225.90 286.65 150.83 Manzanillo.. 2,033 2,640.48 526.08 699.25 1,169.05 242. 95 Mayari. 734 595.00 148.03 210. 71 219. 40 186.65 Niquero. 265 189.09 83.15 134.96 3.75 19.68 Palma Soriano. 1,404 1,681.88 ■ 224.17 456.01 790.43 376.62 Puerto Padre. 1,119 5,415. 79 403.44 492.02 2,361.78 1,710.69 Sagua de T&namo. 628 2,313.60 106.85 100.48 2,053.68 46.79 San Luis. 1,289 1,094.87 193.89 341.25 475. 36 241.78 Santiago de Cuba. 286 694. 99 68.50 108.25 94.07 482.09 Total. 21,550 54,633.22 6,179.22 8,728.35 26,336.88 11,341.11 Table XLY .—Tenure of farms, by size and by race of occupant. Number. CUBA. Total number. Under I caba- lleria. I and under I caba- lleria. £ and under i caba- lleria. f and under 1 caba- lleria. 1 and under 3 caba¬ llerias. 3 and under 5 caba¬ llerias. 5 and under 10 caba¬ llerias. 10 and over. White owners. 13,898 7,797 2,807 1,273 340 1,090 227 177 187 White renters. 29,737 17,878 6,266 2,703 709 1,649 257 166 109 Colored owners. 3,092 2,338 459 172 26 77 10 8 2 Colored renters. 11,247 8,643 1,680 592 97 202 22 9 2 Other. 2,737 1,935 438 165 45 105 22 13 14 Total. 60,711 38,591 11,650 4,905 1,217 3,123 538 373 314 PROVINCE OF HABANA. White owners. 2,027 724 635 309 81 219 26 24 9 White renters. 3,506 1,151 1,159 654 176 313 32 19 2 Colored owners. 47 28 11 7 1 Colored renters. 289 119 105 44 9 12 Other. 290 129 82 37 15 16 5 4 2 Total. 6,159 2,151 1,992 1,051 282 560 63 47 13 556 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Table XLV .—Tenure of farms, by size and by race of occupant. Number —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Total number. Under t caba- lleria. i and under i caba- lleria. 1 and under } caba- lleria. } and under 1 caba- lleria. 1 and under 3 caba- llerias. 3 and under 5 caba- llerias. 5 and under 10 caba- llerias. 10 and over. White owners. 1,826 617 434 203 79 256 100 71 66 White renters.. 1,644 641 413 197 75 214 41 36 27 Colored owners . 129 70 28 14 12 4 1 Colored renters. 408 248 99 26 6 23 4 1 1 Other. 76 27 9 9 3 16 7 3 2 Total. 4,083 1,603 983 449 163 521 156 112 96 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. White owners. 1,325 273 415 306 62 227 24 10 8 White renters. 7,202 2,821 2,338 1,123 299 546 55 16 4 f'nlnred owners. 121 37 63 9 5 7 CYilnrpd renters. 1.654 838 515 214 29 57 1 Other . 106 54 26 13 3 7 3 Total. 10,408 4,023 3, So / 1,665 398 844 79 26 16 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. Whitp owners. 649 460 128 33 8 18 . 2 White renters . 953 686 148 72 11 30 2 2 2 Polnrpfi owners 30 17 10 2 1 Onlnred renters .... 141 105 21 9 1 4 1 Other . 609 318 150 66 20 49 5 . 1 Total. 2,382 1,586 457 182 40 102 8 2 5 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. White owners. 4,216 2,927 598 204 76 216 60 60 75 White renters. 8,799 6,587 1,100 363 108 397 106 79 59 Onlnred owners. 354 310 28 7 4 1 2 2 Onlnreri renters 2,383 1,998 202 99 16 51 14 3 .. Other. 377 324 24 11 2 6 4 3 3 Total. 16,129 12,146 1,952 684 202 674 185 117 139 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. White owners. 3,855 2,796 597 218 34 154 17 ,2 27 White renters. 7,633 5,992 1,108 294 40 149 21 14 15 Colored owners. 2,411 1,876 319 133 20 53 5 5 Polorerl renters 6’ 372 5,335 738 200 36 55 3 5 Other. lj 279 L 083 147 29 2 ii 1 3 3 Total. 21,550 17,082 2,909 874 132 422 47 31 45 Table XLYI.— Tenure of farms, by size and by race of occupant. Cultivated area. CUBA. Total area. Under £ caballe- ria. i and under \ caballe- ria. £ and under f cabal le- ria. § and under 1 caba- lleria. 1 and under 3 caballe- rias. 3 and under5 caballe- rias. 5 and under 10 caballe- rias. 10 and over. White owners.11,180.53 851.22 815.87 671.60 266.50 1,534.06 790.68 1,176.15 5,074.45 White renters.11,826 94 1,92-2.58 1,790. 33 1,411.02 553.37 2,296.18 915.27 1,082.22 1,855.97 Colored owners_ 743.80 274. 66 142.15 92.28 20. 75 104.75 34.29 47.92 27.00 Colored renters_ 2,191.75 '.'(Ml. 52 485.92 308.03 77.16 260.62 78. 40 57.10 24.00 Other. 1,089.37 2-21.58 139.30 91.56 36.84 153.46 80.06 75.20 291.37 Total. 27,032.39 4,170.56 3| 3/3* 5/ 2,574.49 954.62 4,349.07 1,898.70 2.438.59 7, 272.79 AGRICULTURE 557 Table X L VI. — Tenure of farms, by size and by race of occupant. Cultivated area —Cont’d. PROVINCE OF HABANA. Total area. Under i eaballe- ria. i and under 4 caballe- ria. i and under J caballe- ria. J and under 1 caba- lleria. 1 and under 3 caballe- rias. 3 and under 5 caballe- rias. 5 and under 10 caballe- rias. 10 and over. White owners. 1,284.49 91.38 181.22 163.05 62.31 301.74 92.00 148.79 244.00 White renters. Colored owners.... Colored renters_ Other. L 650.12 10.11 142. 71 2.86 337.16 2.75 342.69 3. 75 137. 91 . 75 414. 73 113.87 126.05 35.00 88.16 160. 33 13.02 30.08 22. 71 7.15 15. 20 14.02 24.18 19.54 11.53 21.72 20.09 28.00 21.25 Total. 3,193.21 263.99 575. 39 551.74 219.65 753.39 225. 96 302.84 300.25 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. White owners. White renters. Pnlnrpd nwrtprs 3,141.50 1,469.15 62.15 126. 98 102. 57 64.67 67.72 7. 08 23. 21 2.51 120.45 116.20 7.78 27.25 2.44 106.83 102.37 7.26 13.58 4.86 62.43 58.19 385.68 317.68 19. 97 27. 70 25.27 351. 30 154.84 14.06 14.00 24.46 467.11 239. 50 6.00 6.62 15.00 1,583.03 412.65 Colored renters.... Other. 4.62 2.41 10. 00 25. 62 Total. 4,902. 35 165.19 274.12 234. 90 127.65 776.30 558.66 734.23 2,031.30 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. White owners. White renters. Colored owners.... Colored renters.... Othpr 892. 63 2, 826. 64 36.81 454.67 93.03 32.29 341.05 4.39 99.54 5.08 112.40 631.18 16.29 139. 32 6.93 153.94 570. 81 4.50 109. 31 6. 50 47.25 228.66 3.63 22.63 2.27 287.98 714. 32 8 69.87 9.25 78.50 190.37 65.62 95. 25 114.65 55.00 14.00 63.00 Total. 4, 303.78 482.35 906.12 845.06 304.44 1,089.42 268.87 160.87 246.65 PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. White owners. 392.06 266.24 7.49 34.79 238.34 47.57 68. 72 1.87 11.36 39.19 40.21 47.34 3.16 6.43 51.96 18.04 41. 92 1.11 5.15 38. 39 6.74 9.54 23.50 37.36 1.35 6. 99 72.23 256.00 42. 00 White renters. Colored owners_ 8.22 11.14 Colored renters.... .86 17.43 4 19.14 Other. Total. 938.92 168. 71 149.10 104. 61 34.57 141.43 31.36 11.14 298.00 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. White owners. 3,162.12 275. 98 173.44 111.93 60.15 319. 79 212. 73 420. 33 1,587.77 White renters. 3,721.92 612.95 323.29 197.02 86.46 597. 49 376.21 523. 28 1,005. 22 Colored owners.... 82.69 26. 24 8. 09 3.83 3.50 3. 03 11.00 27.00 Colored renters.... 426.32 163.29 58.34 52.54 13. 03 70. 54 50.00 18. 58 4 Other. 121.86 26.42 6.48 6.36 1.53 10.20 13.37 16.00 41. 50 Total. 7,514.91 1,104.88 569. 64 371. 68 161.17 1,001.52 655.34 989.19 2,661.49 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. White owners. White renters. Colored owners.... 2,307.73 1,892.87 544.56 1,060.83 373.24 339. 33 689.43 232.22 590.10 134.36 188.15 335.16 104.08 224.50 47.31 117.81 156.21 71.83 104. 74 15. 91 27. 62 32. 61 16. 37 28. 87 1.67 215.37 214.60 71.93 70. 32 14.79 56.15 71. 76 17.20 10.40 3.00 74. 30 87. 00 30.92 31.90 16.20 1,289 306.10 Colored renters.... Other. 140.00 Total. 6,179. 22 1,985.44 899. 20 466. 50 107.14 587.01 158.51 240.32 1,735.10 Table XLV1I .—Areas cultivated in principal crops, in cordels. CUBA. 558 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 05 iO X X X X ri 05 X CO CM XX 05 lO 05 05 r CO O — — X CM l'- 05 O X O O O- r- O X ? O 50 O CM X 05 -r i— O X l'- O 05 05 X cr. cf 05 o x" X CM O CM o ii K 50 X LC cm X r-i CM CM rH CM X C4 Cl CO CM co co 05 CM O X T X X i- • COI'uOX 05 ■"it 1 I- lO — 1 ^ co CM ifZ Cl CM X X r- N N 'r O r-i iC CM O iC o O r-H r— HJ. HJ. X LO 05 X 05 '-O oT 1^ X Tj^lC iC cf cT 1 -T CM~ X I-— X CO i-i CO X X CM rn X 7: a; be X Cl X r. O X CO ri 05 lO P ^. _ _ _ X 1.0 Cl CO 1— r-i X r- CO O i> o Cl *rii 50 uO l'* r- lO -H* O CM CM 05 O r—■ r—< X ccTic 05 x i-T iO u rH CM o iC QO 05 05 CM X ICN005 X o o o o o CM r CO i.C 1^ X '"T o CM O 05 CO O 05 05 lO — Cl 05 -r n o CO — CM X -r o 05 Hy. ri CO rH X io x X oTo ^h o~ioT x~ £ ^ iC 05 CO o CM X X C'l O 00 i— SS i© O CO • • • o ci CXONO CM if « • t C uo 51N0C® iO rH ... rH : : ; : • H Tf o 05 CM oT o CO t-i ^ Cl rH J x go ^ uO O O CM Xi-lOXO X X O H* x X 05 o o -c CO CM CM lO X —* —< x X — — CM C 50 c — iC C CO X o CM CM rr CM X rH lC 05 HH C- a O CO t-h r-< rH CO Cl X rH r-» rH ri CM CO X 05 CM 05 50 05 r-i -f X 05 •-H x r— -—I cm • X e CO 05 X iC -r CO X 05- X ri C5 o iS CM CM O-r-Ct' 05 rH 05 r* rj* I'- -r X 1c o ri »-H . co^X^rt^ X XX • r-i cm 05 X ^ HJ< X 50 o CM 05 50 O CO GO pi • X r— X r— 05 -i X o X X CM CO CM X i- CO • CM r-i rH lC 50 ri rr M iC •?< Tf I> CM rn • h^ r-i CM o ’T CM CO CM X rH ■ O iC ro T CC rH r-i 05 05 05 lO 50 O CM O • X 05 X 05 r- CO TJ* ri OC ri I- 1^ CM lO • c ^ X uO I- 50 X CM 05 ri ^ X X lO lQ . — X X X 50 O X rn o rH o- r- rH rr CM rH CO • CO iCiOOW’T < TH C5 hh x CM < XCt^OX r^- Cw - « « ov r CM CM X iC — r-« S3 50 05 Hi rr 05 rH O CO -r 05 X CO CM X nr X O 05 C lC 05 lC 05 — z O 05 iC O t— X xr CM H 50 X CM 50 rr iC *- x d co x ’c l© x -r 05 ig -r ri CM X < E-. rH •r CO O >C X O r- © CM O O 1^ CM X X CM Ui • lO 1^ rH lO 05 in co r X CM X X X • X s XO’T’TM o OX CM X ri CM -r lC X CM 50 CM o ri Cl ✓-> r " 1 X CO -r cm X X X • Hj. o 05 t '- ■ o -r CM - o X tc — 50 © o — CM • O — X 05 • X Cl lO O »-» X o X X CM ■ CM rr rH XlC • X X 00 lO iM CO lCP» ' rn Hf< CM • X *-• CM rH & GO -ri^OiCCO 05 CM lO CM X lC CM t^CMHf 005 CM ^ o CO — L.O CM ~ CM X X O Cl O 1^ O X LC lC lO 50 0 ) c 05 CO X uC 05 co . r- O in C 05 Hi" Cl X lO ri x 50 o ir > ci oocoV’r X CM nr O CM t^- X CM 50 rr lO w 50 r- cm cm tt o o X HT X 05 CO o CM lC rr 05 rH rH c. coi^^^tx CO X 1^ CM X CM 50 O O hj- X X 05 X X CM X XiOOCH iO COl-rX CM o T CM lC CM iC o tC CM r- ri rH OX rH ri -OrHCO X CM r-i CM X H r-i r-i *t *C O lO X lOh'O'iX CO Cl ri Ti GO ri T O O ri 05 ri ri f—« i ® w 50 OC Tf 1^ Cl X Cl o s S3 O C'TXrilC o rH^x^r o H lC r- CM 50 05 bO Z 2 *icx o CM O 00 -T" iQ 05 rH CO rH rH iC n os O CO -T CO -r lO C> rH -r Hi rH CM CM HH X «■> CO i© r-i rH rH rH rH CM X X CM CM r-l rH Q 05 CM h* X O OOTCM CM O O X 05 X CM 50 *r x cm HI iO CM CM O X X X X X X nr CM W X cm o X o 05 iC HJ. I-H o o I- 05 50 CM 50 X 50 co Hf X' CM lO o cT cc CO 50 !N X o o o ri tfj X ri £r • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ^ jEE ’ l • * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ' K B * • • u u • . ( . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • t • • • • : : £ £ : ^ £ o ® ; £ X O G> * H- I— —. CC # ^ O fll * L, {_ i" i' • w •— ✓ C M • C» ^ r • • — £ 3 c i- • & F r- CT ^ • £ g 0 ^ * 0*4 ri rsji . 3 0 t- - - -. • - a 2 u u * 6-i SSici’r 6i C t -’3 , C ! rr g | 5 Ei r r ~ rX r*^ W ^ r^ r^ ^ ^ r^ r^ -v w Table XLVI1 .—Acres cultivated in principal crops, in cordels —Continued. PINAR DEL RIO. AGRICULTURE 559 CO SO O CO 05 ON Tf< © x o 'T CH X 04 tH O no X 2 ^ X 04 nr X 04 r>- 04 © © rr X rn O 04 rr 04 1 C *r N O N c* x x x r-1 Ch CO 05 00 © 04 rH O X © l> —r t SO nr l> rip» rH Oh rr rr X lO P* © H © 04 X 04 rH rH X HlC X rH 04 r-H CO 05 CO »-H ^ © H ri J5 1^- © X 04 © © © © © X © 04 © iO 05 lO ”T ' CO hh X X -H x X HTplOXOl lO HlOl^SOlO SO tF Ol X © 05 04 so x 05 © ©’tlC rH O © X © 04 © X © o © © © lO O rH rH © OOOhCO 04 of H 04 -T X LO 04 iO 05 rH rH X 04 © r-i © iO © rH lO rn —r rH t-h 04 r-H i © rH 05 • 05 lO 00 CO rr © X X © rH © rt< XXOXiC © 04 iO ^ I> • 05 iC iO © X © LC rH © © © G © X lC © i> -r CO • lO tt x tt X rH X rH rH 04 X X X © rH • • t • 04 r-i rH of x © x — © X SO IC so 05 SO 04 TT X r-H X X © rf rr © X © © *—• 04 Tr rH SO lO 05 - rf O X h h o SO hriCl^© »—1 O CO ^ lO 05 05 XlC x X X X 04 rH © XiCX©(C © CO 6 04 CC CO of rH SO CC 04 of h rH X rn © CO lO 04 04 04 rH 04 : : : O SO 'O • rH l'' © • lO • lO X © © X © X 04 • • • o © ~r *h SO I'* rH • • © © X © © © r—* rH rH • • • X 04 X • rH © rH . • 04 X^rXt^ 04 • • • • O ^ © © 04" CC « • • • ■ X r-H 04 H ■*t • iO u- X 04 TJ< 04 O ^ 04 LO © H o 04 lO X 04 04 CO • © 04 iO CO r lO X X O 1-1 o © x x -r x rn 3 SO X • iO rH 04 04 © lO rH rr 04 X T-H rH • • • rH rH • 1-1 • • O 05 • TF • CO TiO • •I> © X X X © © © © © Hf © • rH OX • iO • -T 1 04 rH • • rH lO © LC T— lC 04 dO X • X 04 iO • X CC l ' rH rH X H r-l Cl X 05 O G rH x X © rH © Tf r O © © lQ © © X 04 I> 05 SO 04 lO 05 X © X 04 04 © © I- © r—« © O'ONO TJ< lO 05 TH X rH X X 04 04 rn © © © X nHH t> rH of lO rH "-r CO 04" 04" T— X rH 04 04 r- X 04 © iC SO • 04 i X ON’f iOX©Xh rf © lO 04 © 04 Tf XX • iC • 04 o tj« -r L'- © © 04 04 uO XhHXOl X SO CO • • rH &q XX x Tf © X r- t-h 04 01 X 1^ lC © X • • • • rH H rH rH 04 © -r L- r Lh lO • • © r— t-h r— © r • O • X CO O lO 1-0 lO Z I^lOrHSOX 04 X 04 © © 04 © lONXX-rf 04 O X U- X o iO H ry< f->. 04 SO 04 © iO) X © X -r X 04 X G 1 ^ X CO 04 l'—r SO pH XXGXQ 04 1- O C l o CO'fr-l'N t-h t- ® H X HH rH i> 04 ©" X 04 05 X 05 04" so* r ©" lO X X CO t-h f— SO r^ rH rH lC rf lC 04 © 04 no rH r—t W r . rH Z rH X E- 1 DS cc SO T-r"^ C5 rH .15 Ifl o X iC lO rr 04 © lO r-OtHC5 ©1 r>- x so 04 'Tp X 05 r/J © 1- © X r — 04 G O X X rHi TT © t-H X rr rH © rH sO x x -r 1.0 04 © rH CO lO rH rH 04 © 04 lO rH cc o o • CO X 04 so -rf 05 rH r©04X'f © X 04 lO X rn Tf >00 • -r • 05 "T r-* . 04 © © © -r x Ol -T r- X X ^ iC • CO • 04 rH • X ”*T rH TT 1 © rH t-h rH X of • • • • • * • • X of CO* rH 05 x co o T* X ^ 04 05 © rr x © x © rn O CO 1C lO CO X X05Xnh © I- X © X © 1^- I ^ r- 1 —■ 04 © rH o so X lC H O X T G U- TT^ © lC LC 04 iC 04 © X th 1 - T X 04 04 u0 X X -f rH iC rH 0 r cc t-h cc X X © CO X rn 04 ■*r x iO r - rH -r © © 04 X X © H LO TH r-H 04 rH 04 05 x so x »o SO so TT O X X © X © © X rn © CO _*< 05 04 04 05 05 so © rr rH SO © © ■r 04 rH 0 lO © 04 © © 04 ib no O 04 X 04 iC 04 rH X 04 X n 04 X I'XGX© 04 X 05 04 lO rH 04 T XX rH X 04 04 I'- r-H . C5 -v X 05 IC © X © X © © rf lO © © iO © P- © © co -p • r— i- 1^ X I" r—■ © © 04 04 -r" X © -r — X © © © X »— i • Tf LO -r © t^ 04 X iO T— © Hf LO © ©I^lCrl^ rH ~ £• • 00 CO lO © X X lO rH ©" 04 ^ © iO X 04 X X rH X X © © 04 — 04 X © X rH x LC © O X rH so ClXOh CO X lO 04 lO © © X X ^ © © -r iO 04 © © © © r— 04 © X r— lC © IO 04 © iO H © © rH CC iC ©M*Trr X O so X X lO X X 04 CO 05 © X © rr X LC © TJ« © © -r ooxxno o © lC © X rH lO 04 r-H r— • O iCn 05 04 © © r-H rH 1 C rH • * X 30 * • I • • • • • • 1 • • • • • t • • • » t • • • • • • ; «i w • • ' ' k cn ' • * X 50 • • ; *- n • • • ^ f— • ' ' L L * 2: 2 ££ ; 0> O ~ ~ • £ K a) 0) • Jr*. *H rr W * £ £ g « : d) (U c . Cfi K fl) [<) • f- *- • D O C ^ • ■- - — Za > O' • r- hh > *- , *—« r* c ^ • !S • O t3 : H o ^ t- ^ o . 2 s O *- . ® ^ TS 'C ! Tota £■* (H ->* , i> M /H »" r^ Q) ^ * c s-ic-c ; HH O r — rr 0 . £ 3 ° ^ • C » 05 CO X x js a rH rH 03 O c o3 bo . COCOOiOlOO 03 rH rf< rf 05 05 -r OHNOTM3) CO C GC CO GO N 0 CO GO -o l- CO CO 1 - 05 CO O X rH o rH lO I- n n f> n •> X. X H H H CO CO rH rH TJ< 03 h h rf tT to rH r* >H ° GO lO O'* CO GO rH rf* CO O t'H X 0 CO X 03 0 ^ h 0 3 -r 03 X hhiOCOhcO 05 iO 03 03 05 rH 03 0*tXWOlO5 X & 03 05 CO <0 r-i i—h 3> 1> O 0 H h* X iO 05 05 x 03 x -r X o - *3 1 00 C'l r CO o' Tf rH CO" l> ^ lO^ X~ x" 05 lO h of o H fH r-< uo 03 rH rH 03 X bo . CJOiiONCOO 05 00h-OHX CO 'TF Tf 03 -f >0 COOiCOGOrnO CO Tf CO Tf CO O 03 X CC CO CC r-t r (05 03 H r—; 0 O Ol X Cl OJ CO 05 10 ) LO CO rr o 001^03 001 J3 ^ ^ ^ x r. XX. X _ o h rH rH Ol lO rH 0H 03 CO Tt< X 03 03 rH CO X Jx ^ rH 03 rH rH X GO -f C5 X 0 lO O 03 0 03 CO 03 05 03 Tt< OhhX-C'N GO U 05 -? irr -f oih cc rH -ic 05 ^ CO iO X HO50X00 CO o oi cc ic 05 i> 05 03 0 0 H 0 0 0 o 05 X rF 03 0 X *s a OJ T“H T-H 1—1 oT co Ol rH rH 03^ 03 rH 03 rH 05 03 -O O 03 NOOO5^0 lO 0O1^0Tf N 05 OQ 1^ 0 CO 0 lO 0 00 O GO CO lO tx X X X rH 05 O X l'- 05 iO CO 0 CO GO lO r-l O l' Si lO 0 05 0 Ol H X 03 rH ^ ^ ^ X X x , , , , O 03 r—• *—' r—i cc rH TF Tf rH 03 03 rH X P3 rH GO H(NX0^rH 03 05 CO 05 0 3 05 O 03 OlOl'CCMH --F IO — 1^ OC' -r 00 iC X 0 ^ 03 H Cl 'O ~F 03 O X O o> OJ t O CO X 0 o MMH'OOiO o CO 03 O X 03 0) ■*— 1 CO rH 1H OJ H rH co rH H CO C3 H O rH GO x o oi oi 05 CO tH* T*< Tf lO ^ r» rH rf -rF X X -F 0) 0 H 0 CO 0 05 03 0 1 rr 05 co ^0X000 O > X rH 05 -f X 0 O X 0 OXX0O10 03 c3 03 Tf LC CO r—1 cc 03 03 rH CO rH 03 o’ Tf< ~F 1^ O CO rH o 03 rH rH rH . ~F CC 1^ 03 o CC 05 t'- co 35 in O CO ’t 0 O H 0 X 00 O lO CO Ol CO o -r xoo^ci X COO50rfCOX ~F iO O 05 05 0 Oi 03 03 ic i - t- s-< .Q co 05 -r 05 cc 05 rf* lO O CO 03 CO lO o XOXH00 33 - 03 03 03 r-H rH c rH co 03 03 03 rH x 03 •0 PQ r-T E-i H r~T p, 0 X X Cl O O 05 03 lO 05 rH lO rH 00X0X0 03 a> o *r *T 03 O 03 X M » f -r f [> 03 o co io 03 rf 03 'JO 0 05 O 05 XI rH rH 03 rH 03 03 rH rH 03 r— 05~ CO 00 O CO CO ^ iO 05 -f 03 CO rH O 05 ~F lO X X Tf —H CO 05 h h Cl 00 o X rH CO CO rH 03 05 MO-t-rcoo CO c3 iC CO CO lO CC 05 lO O rr 'rp co O 05 XTN'OhO iO O t—( 1 —i 03 rH 03 r —1 H H 03 rH rH CO X X~ 03 h rf X r X rH rH OOMBOOIO CO X f X 05 0 0 lO CO H 05 05 I> CO X 0 CO 0 0 CO 03 1> 0 0 H rf 05 H 05 03 05 O 03 X GO GO cot^Tfioooo 05 05 X 03 O 0 03 X X lO CO CO co O X t>0 X CO O ^ 03 03 © co 05 GO iC L- O r- ~F X X 05 05 CO 00 CL| CO Ol O O Cl 05 Tt< |> 03 00 03 O co CO rH 03 O CO 1^ 03 0 03 0 0 Cl 03 Tt« CO CO 03 03 05 iO 05 03 CO I'* 05 h I- -r H H H T-H 01 ^ 03 rH rH rH lO COMi-lrtMuO X GO ◄ rH rH OQ X I> O 05 0 05 05 I'HOO’fN lO 0X0000 ~F 0) TT r-H o 00 05 rH O 0 0 X 1^ o -h x 0 -r 05 1^ 05 O r U3 05 CO lO iC 05 03 co co 05 0I^XX0O1 Tf rH 03 H H cc ■H rH rH 05 0 rH CO XX X rH rH o rH 00 03 03 -F CO O rH CO 1^ O O 03 rH 05 01 o 0 0 i— * 05 O x 0 05 0 h -r X X 05 0 H 01 X O 00 *0 CO rH T—l o lO o 05 03 05 H X I - 05 -f X rH X X X O lO CO l> CO rf 1" T H M O lO X o cc 05 X t- 05 0 0 O X w rH rH rH »o 03 H rH 03 03 X • ••••• • ••••• • ••••• • ••••• • •■*•• • ••••• • »•••• • ••••• • ••••• • ••<•• • ••••• • ••••• • ••••* • ••••■ • •••!• • •Ill* .. • ••••• • ••••• • , . , , o3 • • i 1 I I 1 • 1 • lilt* • •III* «•■••• • ••••• • ••••■ • ••«•• : : : : : d • • • G> • • • • Q) ( • i • 0 ^ : : • a : 3 : ; • a ; x • ■ • 0 . • s : So :u : :.o-s :o : :o's :o : : os c g o __1 : :& c g a; ; g ce GU ; go^x >h os • ’7* -* . ®H t- 2j w ctf . h LH . X—< »H gj ^ -H C3 ^ 3! OL" O o . ca o a a o 0 , cS 0_ ^ O a N73 o be a cs pi x s •2-Soca H Ig’Ss^f ’Secies H Habana Matanz Pinar d Puerto Santa C Santiag H , ' ^ ■•—• —• eg c3 W^aP-iC/3C/3 aj s Ph Oh cc CQ 24662- -36 Table LII .—Live stock— Continued. 562 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. X kC 04 tO X dud O • « * kC X X XXOlkfl • X 04 id 00 H CO *-h U- lO © 00 CO lO • • • rH 04 X X 04 fH x i T“ rH 04 TO CO GC 00 rH • • • 04 04 Tf r^ • 04 X © O) oj «v • i i J2 g o a rH 04 « • • • • • • it rH c3 « • • be x x u- 04 to CO X kO • 05 CO X rn © ©©04 h i^ x -r 04 M CC 0505CXN TO CO O O • r—i X © OXr-HX X iO Ol 04 CO kC *— CO 05 • rH O* X rH kO TT © • *N Tjfid i—i rH TO kO * r- 04 rn r—< S5 cj rH • • • • 00 rlCOOdO CO 04 X 05 04 CO X iO kO o »o rH kC X © © Tf O 05C9 -* 05 -r co kCU-OU r- kO © © 04 Tf o r- 04 -r ? © GO CO © CO lO X co 05 04 © XX TH © © © o CO to rH TO CO kid of icrC •H GO 04 04 ■*? -r GC O 04 04 kC 04 X rH rH be . OOOl-X 05 CO kO 04 r- H fn X 05 UO T^ tt X 04 © kO © kO tO r -1 rH CO 04 iO CO oo 04 O co XX X -r X X © 04 TH © X X h* i Ol^ '0 05 CO rH CO H co 05 kO kO Tf © uO © o ^ CO © r-H TO CO I> X rH CO X 04 TH 04 rH CO • rH rH 00 00 lO !>• tO 04 TO CO rH 04 kO X X T*< CO © OiOHTfcO © 04 f- lOXiOXd 00 X CO rH rH 04 TT 05 r- rH kij 1^* r— -r © o GO CO 04 © 04 © X X TJ< 04 CO © Tf X X kC X *53 CO to 05 CO 04 rH 04 04 rH w 04 r* to © tO kC 05 ^ X • L'r O 05 l^ © © I> kO © r-t 04 © 04 HOiiOOCl TO CO O 05 • I> l- X © X © r- rn © © © 04 © 04 iO kC 04 05 05 • 05 kO kO 04 04 kC 'n* © tO CO 00 Tf X TH • 04 r-" P3 rH oo 04 co 05 04 04 CO X TT X O rn 05 © HO • ao • .'i X kC OXI'OU kO CO rH r —< r— kO x TT © © • 1— • r- 50 0> X to 04 1C CO O l> kC 04 X © rH 04 • TO X CO o rH rH m . cc COiOOt^X CO rH Tf X O O rH co 1^ T^ © © H. 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AGRICULTURE 5(53 TfO 'H • rH O rH t • • H 04 1^ 05 04 O -Oh 05 rH 0 1o • • 1 • • « • • • • * X X rH 1 • • rr CO 1-05 ■ 04 iO X 04 CO rH 04 • • • • • 1 • « • • » • • • • • • • T-H • • • 1 • • 1 X X GO 04 ‘-O 04 CO i—t CO TJ< O 0 x x 04 u- LO 05 Tf 1^ I— t- lO 05 iC 1- 04 L- CO rH CO 01 04 ^ O CO X O I- CO L- GO l- rH CO O rH ^ 04 I> 05lO rH CO X lC r— rH O lO CO rH rH rH rH rH CO rH rH X rH Tt< CO iC CO 05 CO X X rH 05 rH CO ^ 05 co co 04 X X X lO H X iC CO 'vD CO CO lO 04 X 04 O 04 O X 05 X X 05 04 04 X rH rH 04 05 H X iC X 05 CO rH rH lO O rH 04 rH lO X rH l— X rH lO 00 - rH oT 00 X 04 CO lO ocT to -r I> rH rH rH rH 04 x co x x o i O t— 04 X X 04 X O U- O IH X X 05 lO X X rH Tt< lO 04 CO rH X X -f X iO X X rH rH X 05 rH O rH 05 rH rH 04 lO l> lO rH rH X X 04 04 X 04 04 ’H CO rH 04 04 rH X rH iO 04 t- O X O N X X rH 05 rf< GO 05 CO co 04 X CO CO O 05 tO 05 hH l"- CO 05 l C 05 lO 04 04 04 lO ~r -r X H lO 04 X CO CO o lO rH t— 4> CO iO 05 lO 0 CO LO 04 rH rH t-H rH 04 rH rH 04 Tt< O X 05 CO 04 I- 05 CO 1-0 H X CO LO O -f Tt< GC LO CO 04 X X i' —r x 05 »o X 05 x co -r lO lO O CO GO X rH >C iO X X CO co 04 L- to X L- rH rH rH rH 04 H 04 iC 04 ^ CO X 05 I- CO O iC 05 CO CO 04 X rH rH L— lO O Tf 05 X lO -T C£> i—1 t —r 04 04 rr rH 04 X 04 O rH 05 04 rH H" rH CO CO co O rH 04 05 X LO X CO O 05 X X O X rH rH 04 X rH rH 04" O ^ 00 O 1^ 0 lO 04 lO u* t-H CO lO 05 rH 04 Tf CO bococi^ X 04 X H -f N lO l> X 04 lO -M-H0OO4 ■*H r-H IO 05 GO' CO rH !>• X rH X 05 IH X 05 04 h x 04 of TjT 0H HH rH 04 rH lO rH l> ofed cd X O O Ph C4 U* h* CO O x lO £ M0 CO lO T-H 05 X rH H 04 CO CO r—< m _Q rjH x" 05" 1— >. 05 O rH X CO oV 4>" Tf GO X" 05 Tf 0 id lO TT I- 04 X X Ch rH CO X 05 04 rH _ X lO 04 X X CO rH 04 04 rH PH rH 04 X pH O HrCOOCO X lO X O G© rH CO rH 05 CO w XiOXG^ 0 4 t-H X CO 00 rH CO X X 04 H CO X 04 O 04 O 0 rH CO 1—1 O O 04 04 CO GO 04 -r X X rH 04 TF lO lO I> rH iO 05 O rH rH £ HH HH rH 04 04 O l- 04 iO 04 l- X 04 iO H1O1OXO X X CO rH X 05 X CO X CO O X 05 rH CO -H , 'H X LO I- 05 rH X -r tiONiC-t 04 t-H X CO CO rH X -0 l'- cn 04 lO iO in t}< 05 Ph 05 CO rH X X rH rH 04" 04 Ah rH rH rH 04 rH rjT 05 co r- o CO X 05 O 05 05 rH X lO X O 04 lO X X X Tt« CO CO r—1 I- rH CO 04 I— r-H CO O 04 X rH 05 04 X 05 04 COiCCOClH TP 04 co 04 rH x LO X iO O CO 04 05 05 05 05 O lO CO O rH iO 04" O X GO 05 I— rH CO rfxO' 05~ x 05 cd 04 I- 05*^ rH TJ1 CO rH rH -v 04 X C— rH X IO 05 H CO 04 O 04 04 r— i> • x ic 04 X 0 CO-iO tH X TJH 'H 04 CO- 05 iO 04 l- CO lO • X X 04 05 X I— 04 05 t-H rH rH rH rH rH 04 X X CO iC rH O O O O rPOiCHO 05 CO lO LO 0 4 H CO -v 0 iO X l- X <05 co CO ox 011- CO CO OhX^CO 05 05 co lO cO rH ^ 05 X 04 rH rH IO 04 X rH L- CO 04 X rH rH rH X iO X h CO 05 r-< r—* 04 T* CO lO X 0 X X rH X X 'H rH rH 04 I- 05 ico-rxi' CO 05 lO rH X r- CO rH iO LO 04 O CO iO X 04 100 X H rH 05 rH 03 >—1 -r 1 03 rH rH X ’t'l'rtCCH O X X rr iO L— rH 05 04 -t -r X X X iO l- ^ CO O rH rH rH 04 • • • • t : a 1 * 1 • • • tit* • • • • • • « • » • • ■ • • • : a • • ( • » rn § M • • • • • : a M 1 • • • • c H c3 O A & O • • t • • c O 4H W 9 « g O •*-» a r. Ce d O H-H 02 * * CG GO • 0 0) * 1 oc CO * 0) • 1 ® m * «S 0 <1) . J tn S S s-s : H H-* 0 % rH • • Sh • SgOQ) * S e*; : H Hi >• £ Eg! : a> 5g k" •tH Fen 5 55 : 'es^j rH r c2 f ^ • cd f§ 0t< • O s-( J 0 a> p t_ .tc.nc g g « ci ^ rH oj 5® u>h • C tn fC T3 ! 0> © ?> ■"■hooS 0) -*-* O H ? 3 0 r • 0 u 'C 'C ! 03 4-» O H ^oo« r* ^ O O ■*-* > FFoo’S > 1 ??ooo If^OOO 564 REPORT OX THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. ri 3 s • H o O o o so «—i J -H Ch ◄ « D U C! .h Z W Z Z XO • QO • CO CO -H< X • T—1 • CO CO 05 ^ .—« 0) o3 t • • • X CO os c3 be . h O 05 05 C x iflO -r ■'r CO 05 »o •*+ O CO co tC CO 05 o d K* ^ w CO O d Tf C5 x CO r— -r 05 CO CO CO C5 ? »— r —1 r- X -r o t-H t-H CO T 1 tuc • iO O X t-h CO co X Tt< — X CO CD CO CO CO 05 rH CO o CO 32 rH CO co' X CO rf C5 iO CD O CO CO S-. 05 CO I> CO — lO CO o -T CO 05 co lO u— *3 T-H >—-> M iC CO i— 1 05 i—< CO lO X X WCOXN CO CO ( j CO CO X 05 X *- — PQ X CO rr O0 IC OO r-H o rH lO r—< T —1 1^- T—' X CO o 05 CO X CO uo 32 T-H T-H CO o WrH O lO lO <_• C^O-rxo CO CO X r-OHlClO X lO X X iO oi rH O^ CO CO*' o r-H ■o iO CO CO lO CO 1^- CO CO lO lO CO rH OO CO O rH r-. X 05 X ?is Ot^CO iCf- I- 05 r> TOC') 1C r- 05 lO -r os'- r— CO « d- OdO«M O iO lO o -r cc co ic lC 05 —‘ CO CO rH L - CO o i-h rH . 30 CC ^ CO T-H CO X co co -r rr X CO o CO 05 iC t-h" CO CO o CO 1—< t-h t— i t-H lC T-H rc o $ -r — Cl co t> o CO CO co co CO IO L" rH t-h TT t— lO c ° ° c > p ~ ^ 3 i ^ s ° ^ : S^iS CJ 2 o (- -c "C . hS V 4» ^ £ U 5s So g X o > i£ if uuo t EDUCATION. 565 EDUCATION. Before describing the system of schools in Cuba and presenting the results of the census as shown in the schedules of education, it has been thought advisable to give a brief history of the subject as being of much interest to Cubans. This would not have been practicable from such investigation as the Director of the Census has been able to make, but fortunately the recent report of Mr. Robert L. Packard to the Commissioner of Education of the United States (see Report of the Commissioner, vol. 1, 1897-98) on education in Cuba, Porto Rico and the Philippines has removed all difficulty on this point and no apolog} 7 is thought necessary for the copious extracts taken from his interesting and valuable memoir. It may be said b} 7 way of preface that before the nineteenth century, education in Spain, as elsewhere in Europe, was confined almost exclusively to the children of those who could pay for it. Public and free schools were but little known. It is hardly to be expected, there¬ fore, that the colonies of Spain would take more advanced ground or show greater interest in education as a means of general improvement than the mother country, in which the degree of illiteracy was, until very recently, as great as in any other civilized nation. Commenting on the state of education in the early days of Cuba, Mr. Packard remarks as follows: Even in Habana, up to the beginning of the last century, there were no public elementary schools, and the need of them became so evident that, by the munificence of a citizen (Caraballo), the Bethlehemite fathers opened a school where reading, writing, and arithmetic were taught, which was attended by 200 pupils. In Villa Clara a school was in existence since the foundation of the town, in 1689. In 1712 the philanthropic Don Juan Congedo, of Remedios, opened a free school there, and another in 1757 at Carmen. Another was opened at Arriaga in 1759; but on the death of Congedo these schools were closed. Don Juan Felix de Moya reopened that at Carmen, and the municipality in 1775 voted $25 a year for the support of the other, but both ceased to operate definitely in 1787. In 1771 Matanzas, seventy- eight years after its foundation, authorized its governor to engage a school-teacher in Kabana. Nor were secondary studies of a high character in the last century. Then, and subsequently, too, as the historian, Bachiller, quoted by Mitjans, remarks, more attention was paid to the pretentious form than the substance, and the title of academy or institute was given to institutions which were hardly more than pri¬ mary schools, which held out inducements of a speedy preparation for the univer¬ sity. At that time, it should be remembered, the natural sciences had not reached the importance they subsequently attained, and the study of philosophy required the royal permission, so that secondary instruction was reduced to a superficial study of the humanities, especially Latin, which occupied the leading place on account of its use in fitting for the university and because teachers of Latin were easily found among the clergy, who were the principal factors of education at that period. All this may be said without detracting from the praiseworthy efforts and antiquity of some institutions like the Chapter of Habana, which in 1603, convinced of the need 566 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. of a teacher of grammar, voted a hundred ducats for the support of one who should teach Latin; but as the plan did not meet with the royal approbation they were obliged to drop the project, only to revive, it afterwards with a larger salary. In the same year the municipality provided for continuing classes in grammar by a monk of the convent, which had been suspended. In 1607 Bishop Juan de las Cabezas Altamirano founded the Tridentine Seminary, the citizens offering to pay part of the expenses annually. The secular clergy also gave lessons in Latin and morals, as Conyedo did, who prepared students for the priesthood in Villa Clara, and later Fr. Antonio Perez de Corcho, who gave lectures on philosophy in the monastery of his order. By the bull of Adrian VI of April 28, 1522, the Scholatria was established at Santiago de Cuba for giving instruction in Latin, and by his will, dated May 15, 1571, Capt. Francisco de Paradas left a considerable sum for the foundation of a school in Bavamo, which in 1720 was intrusted to the charge of two monks of San Domingo, in whose hands the estate increased. In 1689 the College of San Ambro- sio was established in Habana with 12 bursarships for the purpose of preparing young men for the church, but it did not fulfill its purpose, and subsequently received the severe censure of Bishop Hechavarria Yelgueza on account of its defec¬ tive education, which had become reduced to Latin and singing. Fr. Jos6 Marfa Penalver opened a chair of eloquence and literature in the convent of La Merced in 1788, which also was not a success. After these attempts the foundation of a Jesuit college in Habana gave a new impulse to education. From the first, according to the historian Arriete, quoted by Mitjans, the priests of this order had observed the inclination of the inhabitants of Habana toward education, and Pezuela states in his history of Cuba that the munici¬ pality in 1656 wished to establish a college of the order, but the differences between the Jesuits and the prelates in the other colonies had been so frequent that the bishops and priests in Habana opposed the plan. But as the population increased the demands for the college multiplied, and in 1717 a citizen of Habana, Don Gre¬ gorio Diaz Angel, contributed $40,000 in funds for the support of the college. The necessary license was obtained in 1721; three more years were spent in selecting and purchasing the ground, when the institution was opened under the name of the Col¬ lege of San Ignacio. The old college of San Ambrosio, which had been under the direction of the Jesuits since its establishment in 1689, was then united with it, although the old college still retained its distinctive character as a foundation school for the church. As early as 1688 the ayuntcimiento (or city council) of Habana applied to the Royal Government to establish a university in the city in order that young men desirous of study might not be compelled to go to the mainland or Spain. This request was furthered by Bishop Valdes, and finally, by a letter of Innocent XIII of September 12, 1721, the fathers of the convent of S. Juan de Letran were authorized to found the institution desired, and after some years of preparation it was opened in 1728, but the chairs of morals, philosophy, and canon law were filled previously by the Dominicans even before the funds were available. The university, by the order received, was to have been modeled upon that of Santo Domingo, but finally the task of preparing the regulations for the new university was intrusted to the fathers above mentioned by a royal letter in 1732, and they were approved by the university authorities, the Captain-General, and in Spain by the Council of the Indies on June 27,1734. The rectors, vice-rectors, counselors, and secretaries were to be Dominicans, a condition that produced innumerable rivalries and disputes until 1842. The first professors were appointed to their positions without limit of time. After¬ wards they obtained their places by competition and for a term of six years only. The first rector, Fr. Tomas de Linares, was appointed by the King in 1728, but his successors were elected by the university authorities and were renewed annually. Among the early rectors were Bishop Morell, *of Santa Cruz, and the renowned Cuban orator, Rafael del Castillo. Unfortunately fora century the university was A TYPICAL MUNICIPAL SCHOOL BUILDING. EDUCATION. 567 an insignificant element of culture and was only useful as a subject of boasting on the part of Spain that she had introduced her civilization on this side of the water and on that of the Cubans that they were advancing in sciences and arts. Several causes tended to restrict the value of the university. In the first place, it was modeled on a sixteenth century pattern. The Aristotelian system prevailed in its entirety. The professor of mathematics was to teach, besides practical arithmetic, which consisted of the first four rules with the aurea, elementary geometry, trigono¬ metry, and astronomy and its “deductions for the use of our Lord and King.” There were polemical and civil architecture, geography, the sphere, mechanics, optics, etc. These subjects should have been included in the course of philosophy, and there were few students even of the four rules and the aurea. The philosophical system was the scholastic, with its eternal sumulas and involved system of logic and its defective ideas of physics. The course lasted three years, the first two of which were occupied with logic and the Aristotelian philosophy. But the university would not have benefited much more if it had been modeled upon a Spanish university of the eighteenth century, because the mother country was on the low scientific level to which the deadly politics of the Austrians had reduced her. When Charles III urged the rectors of universities in Spain to reform education, he was told that it was impossible to depart from the Aristotelian system or follow the innovations of Galileo and Newton, because they were not in accord with inviolable tradition. Further¬ more, it was not always possible to find suitable teachers in Cuba. For this reason the chair of mathematics was vacant for a long time. Sometimes the Government refused to adopt very useful ideas on behalf of the university, either by negligence or ignorance, or for economical reasons. Thus the rector, in 1761, petitioned for the erection of a chair of experimental physics, which was refused, and two of mathematics, only one of which was granted. A new plan of study was drawn up, in view of the pressing need of reform, but was allowed to lie unnoticed. In 1795 Don Jose Augustin Caballero made an address in the section of sciences and arts of the Sociedad Economica, in which he deplored the backward condition of educa¬ tion, which, he said, retarded and embarassed the progress of the arts and sciences, without, however, any fault on the part of the teachers, who could only obey and execute their instructions. On motion of Senor Caballero a representation was made to the King, by a committee of the society, of the necessity of reforming education in the inland, beginning with the university. The committee declared, among other things, that no mathematics was taught, nor chemistry, nor practical anatomy. General Las Casas supported this motion, but the Government took no action. The same indifference, or worse, was manifested by the Spanish Govern¬ ment in other parts of America. It refused to permit the foundation of academies, or universities, or chairs of mathematics, law, or pilot schools (the latter being pure luxuries, the decree said). The cacique, Don Juan Cirillo de Castilla endeavored during thirty years to obtain permission to establish a college for Indians in his native country, but died finally in Madrid without obtaining it. The archbishop of Guatemala left money by his will for establishing a chair of moral philosophy, but the minister directed the money to be sent to Spain, it having been improperly devised, as he declared. Charles IV prohibited the establishment of the University of Merida in Maracaibo on the ground that he did not deem it expedient that enlight¬ enment should become general in America. There were other instances of the same policy in Chile and Peru; and yet, notwithstanding all these restrictions, Humboldt observed “a great intellectual movement and a youth endowed with a fair faculty for learning the sciences—a sure sign of the political and moral revolution that was in preparation.” In Santiago de Cuba the seminary of San Basilio Magno was founded by Bishop Francisco Geroniino Valdes in 1722, for ecclesiastical studies, with an endowment of 12,000 pesos. This establishment, however, did not come into operation until the latter part of the last century. More important was the foundation of the college 568 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. and seminary of San Carlos and San Ambrosio in Habana in 1773, which was not destined exclusively for the education of ecclesiastics, but included three courses of philosophy and letters preparatory to, and besides, the higher faculties of theology, law, and mathematics, the last two of which, however, were not opened until the beginning of the present century. ******* The second epoch in the intellectual history of Cuba began with the administration of Don Luis de las Casas, whose name is held in grateful remembrance by Cubans, and who inaugurated a new era by his zealous and noble enthusiasm in promoting intellectual and educational activity. He founded the first literary periodical and the Sociedad Economica (sometimes called Patriotica) de Habana, which has been the first mover in all the advances in the material interests and education of the island. With him cooperated an eminent physician, Dr. Romay; Arango, the dis¬ tinguished writer on economics; Caballero; Penalver, archbishop of Guatemala; and many others. The Sociedad Economica was charged by a royal order with the care of education in Cuba. An inventory was taken of the primary schools in 1793 and a deplorable state of affairs was found. In Habana there were only 39 schools, 32 of which were for girls, and the instruction was of the worst, nothing but reading being taught in many of them which were in charge of colored women. The society then founded two free schools for the poor of both sexes. The society met with much opposition, in part from Bishop Trespalacios, who was envious of Las Casas, but it succeeded in founding schools with the help of the religious orders, particularly the school of the Benificencia in 1799 and the Ursulines in 1803. It endeavored to estab¬ lish members of the order of San Sulpicio, which had met with such success with education in New Orleans, but without result. Outside the capital gratuitous instruction for the people did not exist, except in isolated cases due to individual efforts, principally of the clergy. In 1801 the Sociedad took another school census and found the number of schools in the city to be 71, with 2,000 pupils, most of which were not under the government and were taught by ignorant colored women who had neither method nor order. Recognizing these fatal defects, the society endeavored to induce the government to issue regulations reforming the schools and providing faithful, competent, and interested teachers, but without result. In 1816 the section of education was formed and the government granted $32,000 for primary instruction, and at this time some improvements in the condition of this branch were made. But notwithstanding the efforts of individuals, the funds were insufficient for the growing needs, and some of the new schools had only an ephemeral existence. Secondary and superior education .—The society also devoted its energies to opening new branches of study in higher education. In 1793 it was proposed to found a chair of chemistry, and a subscription of $24,615 was immediately raised; but owing to the difficulty of finding a professor in Europe the chair was not filled until 1819. The apparatus was brought from Europe, and after some delay quarters for a labora¬ tory were found in the hospital of San Ambrosio. The first professor was Don Jos6 Tasso. The society in 1794 formed a plan of secondary instruction, which included mathe¬ matics, drawing, physics, chemistry, natural history, botany, and anatomy. (The date and scope of this plan are noteworthy. Its spirit is quite modern.) The crea¬ tion of a botanic garden was proposed in 1795, but the plan did not meet with such enthusiasm as the chemical laboratory, which, it was hoped, might be of use to the sugar industry. The course of anatomy was opened in 1797. In this same year a real revolution took place in the instruction in philosophy at the Colegio Seminario de San Carlos, the old Aristotelian philosophy becoming replaced by modern meth¬ ods in the lectures on logic of Caballero. But in 1811, when Felix Varela took the chair of philosophy, the old system received its death blow, the names of modern thinkers became familiar in the schools, and their doctrines were freely examined. EDUCATION. 569 The students were taught to use their reason as a guide and to ignore all the useless quibbles and confused terminology of the scholastic philosophy. One of his pupils, afterwards well known in Cuba, Don Jose de la Luz, said of his teacher, “He was the first who taught us to think.” He also used Spanish instead of Latin in his lec¬ tures, retaining the latter only one day in the week in order that its use might not be forgotten. Part of his Institutions of Eclectic Philosophy were published in Spanish. In physics Varela was also an esteemed professor, but later on this chair at the college was filled by Jose Antonio Saco, who followed in brilliant lectures, day by day, the most recent discoveries made in Europe. The government having ordered, in 1813, that political economy should be taught in the universities, the Sociedad Economica established a chair of this subject in San Carlos in 1818, which was supported by voluntary subscriptions. The new spirit w T as shown further by a change in the law course from an excessive devotion to the study of the Roman digests to the fuller study of Spanish law. At this period medicine, which, as we shall see, received such preeminent attention at a later period, was far behind the age. Until 1824 there was no chair of surgery, and chemistry and philosophy were twenty years behind the times. The promoters of superior instruction in the begin¬ ning of the new epoch, which Mitjans puts between 1790 and 1820, were Las Casas, Bishop Espado, and the intendent Ramirez, who was mainly instrumental in organ¬ izing the instruction in chemistry and other scientific branches, with the constant cooperation of the Sociedad Economica. * * * In the second period of the new epoch—from 1820 to 1842—the Sociedad Eco¬ nomica, always in the vanguard of the intellectual movement, began to find the fruits of its earlier efforts in the w T orks of the younger men who had profited by them, and in 1830 a committee on history was formed and another on literature. The Gov¬ ernment w^as now in far other hands than those of Las Casas, and did its best in the person of General Tacon to suppress the new political and ecomical views, mainly, it is true, on account of articles which appeared in the journals published under the auspices of the society. Still, in 1833, by virtue of a royal order, the committee on literature constituted itself an independent academy, which encouraged or founded literary periodicals. Its sessions were the place of meeting for all the leading men in Cuba who were interested in letters and new ideas, and it collected a valuable library. * * * The political changes of 1820 in Spain had their effect upon education. Upon the suppression of the convents the Government gave the chapel of one of the Augustine orders to the Sociedad Economica for establishing a normal school, and established a chair of constitutional law in the seminary of San Carlos and in the university, but both the normal school and the new chairs were soon after suppressed by another political change in 1824, and the $32,000 which the section of education had received from the municipality for elementary education was also reduced, soon after which that section received its deathblow by the royal order of February 8, 1825, withdraw¬ ing the funds which had been allotted to it, in consequence of which it w r as no longer possible to maintain the new free schools. It is to be observed that during the reign of Ferdinand VII the university, which was more directly connected with the Madrid Government, suffered more than San Carlos, which was protected by the Sociedad Economica and the diocesan bishop, and it remained in a backward state until the Government commissioned Francisco de Arango to examine and report upon the con¬ dition of the institution, which task he accomplished, with the aid of those most interested in the needed reforms. His report in 1827 led to the reforms embodied in the plan of 1842. The medical faculty meanwhile w r as reorganized and modernized, and philosophy also, in the hands of the new teachers, became a living force, the French school (Cousin) being represented in the period from 1840 to 1856. In primary and secondary education a great advance was made in the private col¬ leges. From 1827 to 1830 the convenient distinction was drawn between elementary 570 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. and superior instruction, and new colleges were established (five in number) in which the instruction was so excellent that it was said in 1830 that there was no longer any need to send young men abroad for their education. The professors in these colleges were well-known men of letters. As to free primary instruction, outside of Habana and Matanzas it was in an exceedingly backward state. The census of 1833 showed that there were only 9,082 pupils registered in the schools of the whole island, and this figure is far above the number of those actually attending. There were then 190,000 or 200,000 inhabitants under 15 years of age. The provinces of Puerto Principe and Santiago, with 250,000 or 300,000 inhabitants each, had 1,408 and 991 pupils in school in 1840, respectively. In Villa Clara there was only one school from 1821 to 1834. * * * Secondary and superior instruction .'—The royal decrees concerning secondary and superior instruction in Cuba and Porto Rico during the first half of the century provided principally for making valid in Spain the titles of licentiate or doctor obtained in Cuba and Porto Rico. In 1863 a general reform of public instruction was effected, by virtue of which it was divided into primary, secondary, superior, and professional branches. In 1871 a decree provides that professors of the University of Habana are eligible for professorships in Spain, which was followed in 1878 by a decree making the professorate in the colonies and the Peninsula one body. In 1880, at the close of the ten-year insurrection, special schools, which had been called for by circumstances, such as the dental college of Habana, were created, besides societies of agriculture, industry, and commerce. In this year the minister for the colonies drew up a memorial of the unsatisfactory condition of public educa¬ tion in Cuba and Porto Rico, especially in regard to the university and institute of Habana. It recites that the first step toward secularizing education and assimilating it with that of Spain in that respect was taken in 1842, and that the assimilation was nearly complete by 1863, as far as legislation and form were concerned. But Cuba, he adds, was not then prepared for so vast and centralized an organization, and many obstacles and delays arose that checked the proposed reform. The insurrec¬ tion of 1868 interfered with education very seriously, interrupting the studies, and so making it difficult or impossible for students to finish their courses, which again unfitted them to become teachers in the secondary schools which were soon after established all over the island. This state of things also interfered with the habili- tation in the Peninsula of studies followed in Cuba, and so tended to separate the two countries in that respect. All these considerations led to the decree of June 18, 1880, regulating superior and secondary instruction, and coordinating those branches in Cuba with the same grades in Spain established by the decrees of 1874 and order of 1875. One of the principal features of this decree was the article authorizing the establishment of a secondary institution in the capital of each Cuban province, at the expense of the province or municipality, with a subvention from the Governor- General from the estimates for the island. In capitals where there were no public secondary institutes, colleges of the religious orders might be substituted by the Governor-General with the advice of the council. But the degrees granted by these private institutions were to be verified, as only the degrees of public institutions were recognized. In accordance with this decree an institute of secondary education was established in Porto Rico in 1882, there being already several in Cuba; an agricul¬ tural commission was organized in Cuba, and in 1885 a professional school was estab¬ lished in Porto Rico like those in Habana, where there were a nautical school, a professional school proper, fitting its students to practice chemistry and the mechanic arts, and an art school. In 1886 the following plan of studies were drawn up for the law faculty of the University of Habana, which we give here for the sake of showing 'From the Diccionario de Legislaci6n de Tnstruccldn Publica. Eduardo Orbanejo. Valladolid, 1893. PUBLIC SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, MATANZAS. . ■■ m - EDUCATION. 571 the scope of the studies in that department. There are two sections, one of the candidates for the licentiate and the other for the doctor’s degree. Section of the licentiate: Metaphysics, general and Spanish literature, critical history of Spain, elements of law, political economy and statistics, general history of Spanish law, principles of Roman law; Spanish law, civil, common, and statute; criminal law; mercantile law of Spain, and of the principal countries of Europe and America; principles of canon law, political and administrative law, elements of finance, public international law, private international law; proceedings in civil, criminal, canon, and administrative law, and theory and practice of briefing public instruments. Section of doctorate: Philosophy of law, higher course of Roman law, church his¬ tory and discipline, public ecclesiastical law, history and critical examination of the principal treaties between Spain and other powers, principles of public law of ancient and modern peoples, history of private law of ancient and modern peoples; law literature, principally Spanish. A similar reform was effected in the faculties of medicine and pharmacy of the University of Habana in 1887 by a royal decree, which brought that faculty upon the level of a Spanish university. The plan of studies was as follows: Preparatory course. —Physics, advanced course; general chemistry; mineralogy and botany; zoology. These subjects were to be studied in the faculty of sciences and natural history. Section of licentiates. —Descriptive anatomy and embryology; normal histology and histo-ch^mistry; technical anatomy, practice in dissection, in histology and histo¬ chemistry; human physiology, theoretical and experimental; private hygiene; gen¬ eral pathology, with clinics and clinical preliminaries; therapeutics, materia medica, with writing prescriptions, and hydrology, hydrotherapeutics, and electrotherapeutics; pathological anatomy; surgical pathology; topographic anatomy; practice of medi¬ cine, with clinics; clinical surgery, medical pathology, clinical medicine; obstetrics and gynecology, with clinics; special course on the diseases of children, with clinics; public hygiene, with medical statistics and sanitary legislation; legal and toxico¬ logical medicine. Course for doctorate. —Critical history of medicine; public hygiene, advanced course, including a historical and geographical course of endemics and epidemics; biological chemistry, with analysis; chemical analysis, especially of poisons. Lectures upon some of the above studies are appointed to be had every day during the course, others daily for a certain time, and others twice a week, according to the importance of the subject. The plan of studies for pharmacy included the preparatory course above given. Then follows: Course for licentiates. —Study of physical instruments and apparatus as applied to pharmacy, with exercises for practice; descriptive botany, with determination of medical plants; mineralogy and zoology applied to pharmacy, with the correspond¬ ing pharmaceutical material; inorganic chemistry applied to pharmacy, with exer¬ cises; vegetable materia pharmaceutica; exercises in animal, vegetable, and mineral materia pharmaceutica; organic chemistry applied to pharmacy, with exercises; chemical analysis, particularly of foods, medicines, and poisons, with exercises; practical pharmacy and sanitary legislation. Course for doctors' degree. —Biological chemistry, with analysis; critical history of pharmacy and pharmaceutical bibliography. The decree specifies in what way the programme is to be carried out. This pro¬ gramme is essentially the same as that of a European university. As showing a disposition to adopt new features, it is important to note that the same decree that contains the above programme also directs that a chair of industrial mechanics and applied chemistry shall be created in the Habana Institute. This 572 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. institute already possessed a chair of experimental physics, while practically chem¬ istry and mechanics were taught in the professional schools. We give also the plan of studies of the faculties of philosophy and letters and of sciences of the university as prescribed by royal order of 1887, together with the attendance of 1888-89. As these studies are of a general nature they are not designed to fit students for professions like the special subjects in the law and medical faculties. The list shows the interest shown in such subjects. Programme of the Royal University of Habana, 1888-89. FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS. Students. General and Spanish literature. 119 General literature. 7 Spanish literature. 15 Greek, first course. 19 Greek, second course. 10 Greek and Latin literature. 12 General history: First course. 19 Second course. 25 Metaphysics: First course. 132 Second course. 12 Critical history of Spain. 124 Hebrew. 1 Arabic. 8 Aesthetics. 4 History of philosophy. 4 Critical history of Spanish literature. 5 Sanskrit. 5 Note.—A t the same time 24 students were classified in this faculty from pri¬ vate instruction, having passed their examinations—i. e., their degrees having been verified, as explained in the decrees. Of these 24, 5 were examined in Porto Rico. FACULTY OF SCIENCES. General studies: Mathematical analysis— First course. 19 Second course. 7 Geometry. 19 Analytical geometry. 6 Cosmography and physics of the globe. 8 Advanced physics. 137 General chemistry. 141 General zoology. 138 Mineralogy and botany. 138 Linear drawing. 9 Physico-mathematical sciences : Differential and integral calculus. 2 Theoretical mechanics. 1 Descriptive geometry. 1 Advanced experimental physics. 6 PUBLIC SCHOOL MATANZAS. EDUCATION. 573 Physico-mathematical sciences—Continued. Higher physics— First course.•. 1 Second course. 2 Experimental, first course. 1 Experimental, second course. 2 Geodesy. 1 Mathematical physics. 3 Theoretical and practical astronomy. 3 Physics and chemistry— Inorganic chemistry. 4 Experimental chemistry. 4 Organic chemistry and experimental. 8 Drawing applied to physico-chemical science. 3 Natural sciences, including anatomy and animal and vegetable physiology, miner¬ alogy, zoography of vertebrates, articulates, mollusks, and zoophytes, phytography and botanical geography, drawing applied to natural history, comparative anatomy, and stratigraphic paleontology, 27 students in all. We give the programme of the Institute of Habana, to illustrate the grade or scope of this class of instruction in Cuba. The programmes of the other provincial insti¬ tutes are essentially similar to it, some of the commercial subjects being dropped or changed: Latin and Spanish (two courses), rhetoric and poetry, geography, Spanish history, general history, psychology, logic and ethics, arithmetic and algebra, geom¬ etry and trigonometry, physics, chemistry, natural history, physiology and hygiene, agriculture, mercantile arithmetic and bookkeeping, geography and commercial statistics, political economy, practical commercial exercises, chemistry applied to the arts, industrial mechanics, French, English, and German (two courses each). This, it will be seen, is a very “practical” course. The preparatory course of the professional school of the island of Cuba comprised arithmetic, algebra, linear drawing, geometry, trigonometry, and ornamental draw¬ ing, while the professional course proper embraced topography, theoretical and prac¬ tical surveying, topographical drawing, descriptive geometry, the mechanics of con¬ struction, strength of materials, construction of all kinds, building and architectural drawing, international mercantile law, history of commerce, the materials of com¬ merce, cosmography, pilotage, and hand work. The school of painting and sculpture of Habana had 454 students. The programme included elementary drawing, drawing from the antique, sculpture, landscapes in lead pencil, carbon, and oil, both copies and from nature; color drawing, claro-obscuro, copies of pictures; drawing from nature, from the living model, and original com¬ positions. The programmes given above are too general to enable one to judge of the quality of the instruction. For instance, Greek might cover Xenophon, or lectures on the tragic poets, or Homer, and geometry might include anything from elementary geometry up to that of three dimensions. The inaugural addresses, 1888-89, how¬ ever, before the university allow us to form an opinion. Thus, the inaugural address in 1890 of Dr. Don Juan Vilaro y Diaz is a very able paper upon some points in evolution, which are supported by a large number of references to observations by the author himself and other persons. They range, as usual, in the full exposition of the argument from paleontological data down to variations in living spieces, and the essay is in support of natural selection. The programmes at hand, while con¬ taining a plentiful amount of theoretical, mathematical, and physical subjects, have less applied science, such as electrical and mechanical engineering, than is found in the technological schools elsewhere, where manufactures and various industries make a demand for them. * * * 574 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Until the last century was far advanced the Cubans had not a single public insti¬ tution where they could have their children taught to read and write. The first school was that of the Bethlehemite fathers in Habana, and was established through the generosity of Don Juan F. Carballo. He was, according to some authorities, a native of Seville, and according to others, of the Canary Islands. He repaid thus generously the debt of gratitude he owed the country where he had acquired his wealth. Already, in the sixteenth century, a philanthropist of Santiago de Cuba, Francisco Paradas, had afforded a like good example by bequeathing a large estate for the purpose of teaching Latin linguistics and Christian morals. The legacy was eventually made of avail by the Dominican friars, who administered it, but when the convents were abolished it was swallowed by the royal treasury, and thus the beneficent intentions of the founders were frustrated, to the permanent danger of the unfortunate country. Only these two institutions, due entirely to individual initia¬ tive, are recorded in our scholastic annals during the three first centuries of the colony. The thirst and scent for gold reigned supreme. The sons of wealthy fami¬ lies, in the absence of learning at home, sought schools and colleges in foreign parts (in this century). On their return, with the patriotic zeal natural to cultured men, they endeavored to better the intellectual condition of their compatriots. This enforced emigration of Cubans in quest of learning was fought against by our Gov¬ ernment. The children of Cuban families were forbidden to be educated in foreign countries. This despotic measure was adopted without any honest effort being made to establish schools for instructing the children of a population already numbering nearly 500,000 souls. The Sociedad Economica was founded in 1793, during the time of Las Casas, whose name has always been venerated among Cubans. Then, as now, the members of this association were the most talented men of the country, and their best efforts were directed toward promoting public instruction. It gave impulse and organiza¬ tion to the school system in Cuba. It established inspections, collected statistics, and founded a newspaper to promote instruction and devoted its profits to this cause. It raised funds and labored with such zeal and enthusiasm that it finally secured the assistance of the colonial government and obtained an appropriation, though but of small amount, for the benefit of popular instruction. In 1793 there were only 7 schools for boys in the capital of Cuba, in which 408 white and 144 free colored children could be educated. From this privilege the slaves were debarred. The 7 schools referred to, besides a number of seminaries for girls, afforded a means of livlihood for a number of free mulattoes and some whites. The schools were private undertakings, paid for by the parents. Only one, that of the reverend Father Senor, of Habana, was a free school. Reading, writing, and arithmetic were taught in these schools. Lorrenzo Lendez, a mulatto of Habana, was the only one who taught Spanish grammar. The poor of the free colored classes were on a par with the slaves. The Sociedad Eeconomica founded 2 free schools, one for each sex. The bishop, Felix Jose de Tres Palacios, nullified the laudable efforts of the country’s well wishers by maintaining that it was unnecssary to establish more schools. From 1793 to 1893 the society was unable to accomplish even a part of its noble purpose; it was found impossible to obtain an official sanc¬ tion of popular education. In 1817 there were 90 schools in the rest of the island— 19 districts—all, or nearly all, founded by private individuals. In 1816 the section of education of the Sociedad Economica was established. It afforded a powerful impulse to the cause of education, thanks to the influential support of the governor, Don Aliquando Ramirez. The schools improved, the ,boys and girls, both white and black, were taught separately, literary contests were opened, annual examinations were made obligatory, prizes were distributed, and a powerful incentive was created among all classes for the cause of education. But the concessions attained for the society by the influence of Ramirez were revoked by royal order of February, 1824. EDUCATION. 575 In this year the municipality of Habana loaned the Sociedad Patriotica $100 for schools. In 1826 there were only 140 schools in the island, of which 16 were free, and in 1827 the society obtained $8,000 per annum for the establishment and maintenance of new schools. In 1836 there were only 9,082 children receiving elementary instruc¬ tion in the whole island. In 1860 the number of schools had increased to 283 for whites and 2 for colored, yet the attendance was proportionately less than in 1836, owing to the increase in population. Popular instruction was neglected or despised by deputy governors (military). The reformed course of studies of 1863 did not improve the condition of the schools, and the secretary of the governor made recommendations that virtually tended to keep the population in ignorance in order to keep it Spanish. In 1883 the schools numbered as follows: Province. Public. Private. Vacant. Habana . 173 101 8 Matanzas. 95 22 13 Pinar del Rio. 82 18 25 Santa Clara. 103 18 3 Puerto Principe. 24 4 3 Santiago de Cuba. 58 21 15 Total. 535 184 67 But the teachers were not paid and public instruction was neglected. This work gives a list of names of wealthy Cubans, both men and women, who have founded colleges and schools, and of societies which have the promotion of education for their object. The author adds that the clergy are indifferent in this matter. There is not one parish which supports a free or endowed school. The preamble of a decree reforming education in Cuba was published in the Offi¬ cial Gazette of Habana, November 17, 1871, and a translation of it is given in an appendix in the work just quoted. On account of its historical interest we give a summary of a portion of the preamble. It states that the insurrection of 1868 was due to the bad system of education; that while the old methods were slow, the new are prompted by eagerness for hurry, and the .child is taught a number of things, whereas its mind is unable to comprehend many things at a time. A number of subjects should therefore be suppressed. Balmes is quoted as the authority for the psy¬ chology and pedagogy of the preamble. The latter goes on to say that this haste to teach many things has made religious instruction secondary to that of the arts and sciences, a fatal error which has produced fatal consequences. It refers to statistics to show that crime has increased with education, and states that Aime Martin found the remedy for this evil in educating instead of merely instructing. But as there were many religious sects, Martin unfortunately selected an irreligious religion as the means of educating, and consequently there was no decrease in crime. Senor Lasagra is quoted to prove that suicides are more numerous in Protestant than in Catholic countries, and more so in the capitals than elsewhere. This is due to too great indi¬ vidual freedom of thought and consequent changes in social and economic condi¬ tions, which have produced dissatisfaction, despair, and suicide. Philosophical and religious sects have multiplied, and the multiplicity of these has always and every¬ where produced doubt and skepticism, which in their turn have engendered a materialism whose only offspring is disbelief in virtue and morality. Under its influence some are tortured with unhappiness without hope of the future, while others are filled with envy. Religious instruction had been too much neglected or too carelessly performed, and the real remedy would consist in Christianizing or Catholicising education by putting the government and municipal machinery of edu- 576 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. cation in the hands of the religious teaching orders, when the evil would disappear. It goes on to say, with severe condemnation of the schools where they had taught, that many of the insurgents had been teachers, and mentions particularly the school formerly conducted by Jose de la Luz. Instruction must be supplemented by moral and religious education, and great care should be taken to prevent access to (politi¬ cally) evil literature. Even in text-books of elementary geography, it declares, have wicked doctrines been inserted. In one of them we read that the greatest event of the present century in America was the revolt of Bolivar. “See under what seductive forms the minds of children are predisposed to treason! ’’ The pream¬ ble concludes by recommending a greater scope to religious instruction, the suppres¬ sion of private teaching, and placing the plans of studies under the Catholic clergy. There is a number of learned societies in Iiabana, and Mr. A. P. C. Griffin, of the Library of Congress, has published a list of thirty-three whose publications are received in Washington. By means of these publications and separate works, like the History of Pezuela and the Natural History of Sagra, the history of Cuba, its natural history (land and marine fauna, mineralogy, and botany), ethnology, and geology have been made known, while the meteorology of the region has been investigated by the observatory, whose work is known all over the scientific world. The number of medical journals is noticeable, and Volume XXXIV (August and September, 1897) of the Anales de la Beal Sociedad de Ciencias Medicas, Ffsicas y Naturales (the only specimen at hand), contains four articles on medical subjects, viz, a criticism by Dr. Santos Fernandez upon certain experiments with the X-rays upon a blind person, another upon the bacillus of the tuberculosis of Koch, and the two others are experi¬ mental studies connected with typhoid fever. The remaining article of the number is a long and masterly account of the discovery of argon and prediction of helium, by Dr. Gaston Alonso Cuadrado. The Bevista Cubano contains able articles upon gen¬ eral philosophical, historical, and other subjects, besides those of especial interest on Cuba. The paper upon elementary education by Senor Bodriguez, which we have used, was published in that review. Judging from the titles of the periodicals, we should say that there is little of mechanical or electrical engineering or “applied sci¬ ence” in them, for which there is probably no demand in Cuba, while the exhaustive mathematical treatment of such subjects (especially that which was “ made in Ger¬ many,” like much recent “American science”) has been imported into the United States in the last twenty-five or thirty years, where there is a field and demand for it. But fora population of 200,000 souls, including many blacks, the number of scientific, educational, and literary periodicals in Havana is remarkable, and they contain valu¬ able original articles. From the foregoing sketch it appears that public education dates from 1812, prior to which year but little attention had been given to free schools, and that elementary education was mainly limited to the children of those who were able to pay for it. The system in operation at the time of American occupation, Jan¬ uary 1, 1899, was based on the law of 1865 as modified by that of 1880, and had in view a progressive course of public and private instruction through primary and secondary schools to the special schools and university, and it may be said at once that the plan of studies as thus prescribed was excellent in theory, and had it been thoroughly carried out by means of liberal appropriations and more attention to details the figures of the census would have been reversed as far as they represent the condition of literacy in general. But, as will be shown later in this report, the appropriations for the schools were far from ■ PUPILS OF THE COLLEGE OLAVARRI ETE t HABANA. EDUCATION. 577 adequate and their administration most imperfect, and thus the scheme of popular education, which as a theoretical proposition was almost beyond adverse criticism, utterly failed to accomplish its ostensible purpose, as the figures of the census prove. Under the law of 1880 the general supervision of public instruction in all its branches was vested in the Governor-General and administered by him through the superior board of public instruction, composed of a vice-president and twelve other members appointed by the home government on the recommendation of the Governor-General, who was ex officio president of the board. Officials of high rank in the insular government, ecclesiastics, ex-members of the royal academies, professors, and other persons of scientific and literary reputation were eligible for appointment as members. One member of the colonial council of administration, the rector of the university, the ecclesiastical vicar-general, and the chief accountant of the treasury were members ex officio . One-half of the ordinary members were renewed every two years. In addition to the superior board of education there was a board of education in each province, performing its duties under the supervi¬ sion of the provincial governor and provincial deputation. The provincial board was composed of the governor of the province, an ecclesiastic to represent the diocese, one provincial deputy of the permanent committee (see government), one alderman of the munici¬ pal council of the provincial capital; a judge of first instance, to be designated by the Governor-General; the director of the normal school, or, in his absence, a teacher of primary superior education; the super¬ visor of primary instruction, when this office was reestablished; the director of the institute, when reestablished, and three fathers of families, appointed by the Governor-General on the recommendation in ternary of the provincial governor, who had general authority over the schools and educational institutions in his province. The local or municipal boards of education consisted of the mayor as president, one alderman, the parish priest, and three fathers of families. In towns of more than 1,000 inhabitants the number of members could be increased on the recommendation of the mayor by adding more heads of families. For the periodical examination of the schools and other educational institutions the law provided inspectors, who were certain members of the superior board of education. Other inspectors were ecclesiastics designated by the church to examine the text-books and instruction of the professors, in order to determine whether anything prejudicial to Catholic doctrine was incorporated in the religious education of the pupils. Primary instruction was divided into the elementary and superior. The complete course of instruction included Christian doctrine and 24662-37 578 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. the outlines of sacred history arranged for children; reading, writings and the elements of Spanish grammar, with exercises in spelling- principles of arithmetic with the legal system of weights, measures, and money; brief outline of agriculture, industry, and commerce according to localities, and the constitution of the state. Elementary instruction not embracing all the subjects just mentioned was considered incomplete, and the elementary schools were called “complete’' or “incomplete" according to the instruction given. Primary superior instruction embraced, in addition to a reasonable extension of the subjects mentioned as elementary, the principles of geometry, lineal drawing, and as applied to the elements of surveying; the rudiments of history and geography, especially of Spain, and the elements of physics and natural history. In the elementary instruc¬ tion of girls, sewing, embroidery and drawing as applied to same, and the elements of domestic hygiene were substituted for agriculture, industry, and commerce, and the elementary superior course was omitted. The law further required the elementary education of the deaf, dumb, and blind in the institutions established for them. All Spanish children between the ages of 6 and 9 were required to receive elemen¬ tary instruction in the public primary schools unless their parents or guardians provided such instruction at home or in private schools, the fine for failing to do so being from 2 to 20 reales. All elementary instruction was given free to children whose parents were not able to pay for it, and instruction in Christian religion and sacred history was subject to the supervision of the parish priest, who was required to visit the schools once each week for this purpose. Besides the designation “complete” and “incomplete,” the ele¬ mentary schools were denominated as “entrance,” “first promotion,” or “first intermediate,” “second promotion” or “second interme¬ diate,” and “final*’ or “grammar” schools. The salaries of the teachers were graded accordingly. For example, the teachers of the entrance schools received $600 annually; first promotion, $700; second promotion, $800, and final, $1,000. The salary of the teachers of the superior course was $1,500 a year. These salaries were paid by the municipalities*and were subject to taxes aggregating 14 per cent, as follows: Ten per cent, insular income tax; 3 percent, reserve fund of the principal of the schools, and 1 per cent to the official making the payments. As to the distribution of the primary schools throughout the munici¬ palities, the law required every town of 500 souls to maintain at least one elementary school for boys and another, although, perhaps, incom¬ plete, for girls. Incomplete schools for the boys were only allowed in the smaller towns. In towns of 2,000 inhabitants two complete schools for boys and two for girls were required; in towns of 4,000, EDUCATION. 579 three, and so on, the number of schools increasing by one for each sex for every 2,000 inhabitants, including* private schools, one-third of all schools, however, to be public. The superior schools were established in the capitals of the provinces, and one in each town of 10,000 inhabitants, but the municipal authori¬ ties (council) could establish superior schools in towns of less popula¬ tion if thought advisable, provided it could be done without detriment to the maintenance of the required number of elementary schools. The law further required the Governor-General to provide infant schools (kindergartens) and night and Sunday schools, in which linear and .ornamental drawing were to be taught in the capitals of provinces and in towns of 10,000 inhabitants, and to promote the education of * the deaf, dumb, and blind by providing at least one school for them in Habana, and a normal school for the education of teachers in the capital of each province. Next in the regular course of public education was “ secondary instruction,” given in the institutes (institutos), of which there was one in each province, maintained by provincial funds and under the immediate supervision of the provincial deputations, through which the appropriations were paid. Secondary instruction embraced a course of live vears and comprised general studies or a special course of scientific studies. The course of general studies included a daily lesson in Spanish or Latin grammar, the elements of rhetoric and poetry, one lesson daily; outlines of geography, three lessons weekly; outlines of universal history, three lessons weekly; history of Spain, three lessons weekly; arithmetic and algebra, daily; geometry and plane trigonometry, daily; elements of physics and chemistry, daily; outlines of natural history, three lessons weekly; psychology, logic, and moral philosophy, daily; physiology and hygiene, three lessons weekl} T ; and elements of agriculture every alternate day. For admission to the course it was necessary to pass an examination in the complete course of primary elementary instruction. The special studies of the institutes or 66 secondary- instruction” were linear, topographic, ornamental, and figure drawing; outlines of theoretical and practical agriculture; industrial mechanics and chemis¬ try as applied to the arts; topography, measures of area, and con¬ struction of plans; commercial arithmetic and bookkeeping; accounts and correspondence, and commercial transactions; outlines of political economy, commercial and industrial legislation, physical geography and commercial statistics; English, German, and Italian languages, and shorthand. To enter this course pupils were required to pass an examination in the studies of the primary superior course of instruction. On com¬ pleting the course of general studies, pupils received the degree of A. B., and were eligible to the University of Habana. Those who had 580 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. followed the scientific course were eligible to certificates as surveyors (when 20 years old), and mechanical or chemical experts, according to their proficiency in the special studies provided. A pupil could take the general and scientific studies simultaneous^" if desired, and receive the instruction in languages and drawing at home. Following the course in the institutes came the University of Habana, whose curriculum embraced law, medicine and pharmacy, philosophy and belles letters, and the exact sciences. For the higher education of > O , engineers of roads, canals, and ports, mining and civil engineers, the industrial arts, belles letters and diplomacy, the special schools of Spain were open. The law also provided for a school of sculpture, painting, and engraving in Habana; one for the education of notaries, and whenever thought advisable, an industrial college, a veterinary school, a com¬ mercial college, a nautical school, and one for master workmen, over¬ seers, and surveyors. Of these special schools, only the art school, the professional school, the normal school, and the school of arts and trades were carried on. In addition to the public schools the law authorized all Spaniards to establish private schools, the government reserving the right to inspect their moral and hygienic condition and to direct such remedies as might be necessary to correct existing defects. There were, as a result of this privilege, a large number of private primary elementary schools, and a number of colleges, which, as they conformed to certain provisions of the law, were incorporated with the provincial institutes for which they prepared their pupils. Some of these colleges were most excellent institutions, where boys could qualify for the university, besides being carefully trained in other ways. Such were the Jesuit College of Helen, established in Habana in 1853; the Collegios de Escuelas Pias, in Guanabacoa and Puerto Principe, and the Catholic Institute of Santiago, although, with the exception of the latter, they are not now able to confer the degree of A. B. In short, the} r are on the same footing as other colleges and merely prepare pupils for the institutes. Other colleges in operation when the census was taken were: Habana .—San Francisco de Paula, San Rafael, Areas, San Miguel Arcangel, El Progreso, Santa Ana, San Luis, La Gran Antilla, Isabel la Catolica, San Carlos, “Centro GallegoUSan Meliton, San Anacleto. Cienfuegos .—Neustra Sra. del Monserrat, San Carlos, Cristobal Colon, Ntra. Sra. del Carmen, San Luis Gonzaga,-Preseverancia, El Sagrado Corazon de Jesus. Sagua .—Santiago Apostol, Cervantes, El Sagrado Corazon de Jesus. Matanzas .—El Siglo, Academia Junco; San Antonio de los Banos, Humanidades de Jesus; Egido, San Cristobal; Giiines, San Ramon; Puerto Principe, Escuelas Pias; Sancti Spiritus, Sancti Spiritus; Santa Clara, Cristobal Colon; Palmira, San Fernando. EDUCATION. 581 While the laws made ample provision for the free education of the mass of children, the number of schools and their administration were so deficient, through failure to provide even the funds voted in the municipal, provincial, and insular budgets, that only a small fraction of the children of school age were provided for. By the census it appears that only about one-sixth attended school during 1899, and only two-thirds of these went to the public schools. The ten years’ war was a serious interruption to the schools, and during the last war they were all closed by Captain-General Weyler, except in the provincial capitals and garrisoned towns occupied as mili¬ tary headquarters. Even many of these schools were slimly attended or abandoned by the teachers, who, as they received no pay, were unable to maintain themselves or their schools. In February, 1898, the secretary of public instruction of the autono¬ mous government rescinded the decree of General Wevler and ordered the reestablishment of the schools, but they remained very much in the condition they then were until nearly a year after the American occupation. It would require a much larger part of this report than can well be devoted to it to explain all the defects as well as the peculiar admin¬ istration of the public-school system of Cuba, but it may be said that it was very imperfect at the best. While the law required the com¬ pulsory attendance of children between 9 and 13 yearsof age at either public or private schools, it was not enforced, nor could it be, as the number of schools was totally insufficient. Again, while provision was made for secondary and university education, the fees for instruc¬ tion and matriculation were so great that only the sons of parents or guardians able to pay ever passed beyond the elementary course of study, and many of those who qualified in the institutes were unable to enter the university because unable to pay for their diplomas. Although the teachers were supposed to be appointed after competi¬ tive examination, it was well understood that their selection was usually a personal or political question, to be decided without much reference to other qualifications. They were classified according to their sala¬ ries, and were also known as regular, temporary, or substitutes. As they were generally obliged to provide the school rooms, the schools were usually held in their homes, very few municipalities owning school buildings. Of school furniture—such as desks, books, slates, blackboards, maps, etc.—there were frequently none, and the pupils, without respect to race, blacks and whites mixed, sat on benches with no backs for five or six hours consecutively, the instruction being usually given simultaneously to the classes, study and recitation being exceptional and impracticable. But a single teacher was allowed the elementary schools, no matter how many pupils, although the superior elementary schools were sometimes provided with assistants. 582 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. invariably in charge of women. The schoolrooms were badly venti¬ lated, with insufficient and foul privies, and no playgrounds. Physical culture was not taught. That the children learned as much as they did under such conditions was apparently due to their precocity and docility, traits which appear to be common to them throughout the island. Among the serious evils of the public-school system were the pro¬ visions for substitute teachers and pensioners. A teacher requesting a leave of absence for any purpose—for example, ill health or private business—was permitted to propose the name of a substitute, who was paid by the regular incumbent of the office. After being formally appointed substitute he was supposed to receive one-half of the com¬ pensation assigned to the school, the contributions of the children whose parents could pay, and the amount allotted for school supplies— usually one-fourth the amount of the salary. On the surface this would appear to be a very fair arrangement; but, as a matter of fact, the salary, fees, and allotment for supplies were handed over to the regular incumbent of the office, who paid his substitute whatever had been agreed on when he paid him at all. It is said that in this way schools were without their regular teachers for years, and meanwffiile were left in charge of persons without a single qualification for this most important duty. By a royal decree of February 1, 189T, an}" professor of a normal school, an inspector of public instruction, a teacher in the public pri¬ mary schools, or an assistant, male or female, physically incapacitated for the discharge of his duties, wffio had served for twenty years at least or was from 60 to 65 years of age, could be retired with a pen¬ sion, which on his death went to the widow and male children under sixteen years of age and to unmarried female children. The retire¬ ments were voluntary for those under 65 years of age and compulsory for those above that age. The pensions were divided into tw T o classes, life and temporary. Life pensions were granted to the widows or orphans of the profes¬ sors, teachers, etc., and their assistants in the public schools who v T ere retired, or who upon their deaths had been in the service for more than twenty years, and temporary pensions were granted to the widows and orphans of such as had died before completing the years of service necessary to obtain retirement w r ith salary or befpre having obtained said retirement. The retirements w r ere granted in accordance with the number of years of service, those having served twenty years receiving 50 per cent of the regular salary; twenty-five years, 60 per cent; thirty years, 70 per cent, and thirty-five years, 80 per cent. No person retired could receive more than 81,200 per annum nor more than four-fifths of the regular salary. The highest salary which the person retired may have received for two years was considered the regulating salary. EDUCATION. 583 The life pensions for widows and orphans were two-thirds of the retirement pay granted or due the deceased. The temporary pensions amounted to 10 per cent per annum of the regular salary and conformed to the following scale: Years of service of the teacher: Over 16 years. From 14 to 16.. From 12 to 14. From 10 to 12. From 8 to 10. From 6 to 8. From 4 to 6. From 2 to 4. Under 2 years, the time served. Years of duration of pension. . 14 . 12 ... 11 . 10 . 9 . 8 . . 7 . 5 The funds for the payment of the salaries of retired teachers and their pensions consisted of: 1. An allotment of 6,000 pesos per annum, granted by the Govern¬ ment and charged to the budget of Cuba. 2. Ten per cent of the total amount of the budget of expenses for educational material of the normal schools and primary instruction. 3. The amount of the personal salaries of teachers of vacant schools until the appointment and taking of possession by temporary teachers. 4. Half the salaries of teachers temporarily serving in public schools, provided they exceeded 300 pesos. 5. The amount realized by a discount of 3 per cent of the salaries of the persons who were entitled to be retired with salary. The provincial boards of public instruction were charged with the collection of the amounts mentioned in Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5, and their deposit in the Spanish Bank of Cuba. The collection of the allotment of the State was made by a central board in Madrid, which also decided who were entitled to retirement with salary and pensions. It was also intrusted with the administration of all the funds which might be col¬ lected by the provincial boards of public instruction, until on May 11, 1898, the department of public instruction of the colonial government of Cuba ordered that the provincial boards of public instruction of the island sFould take charge of all matters relating to retirements and pensions instead of the central board of Madrid, and organized, by an order of the 24th of the same month and year, a board to take charge of the administration of the funds of the schools of Cuba and of the declaration of the rights of retirement of teachers, etc., of the island. It is not difficult to understand that under such a system there were many abuses, and that the small allotment of funds for school purposes was seriously crippled, and such was the case. This was so apparent that on April 13, 1899, the secretary of justice and public instruction, duly authorized by the Military Governor, repealed all the decrees relating to pensions of the teachers of primary instruc¬ tion, ordering that from the 1st of April following nothing should be 584 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CURA, 1899 deducted from the personal salaries of teachers for pensions, nor from the amounts for the payment of material for the schools, and that the board created by the department of public instruction of the colonial government of Cuba be dissolved. The expenses occasioned by this board amounted to $10,300 per annum, charged to the general budget of the island, and the pensions paid only amounted to $8,716.92 per annum. Substitute teachers were abolished by General Brooke. The number of public and private schools, colleges, institutes, etc., in operation January 1, 1895, and the cost thereof, as reported by the Department of Public Instruction, is given in the following table: Province. Public schools. Private schools. Colleges. Schools. Teachers. Pupils. Schools. oc Q) r-' O o a Colleges. rsjoqoisax Pupils. Habana . 219 241 9,475 329 12,641 25 1 234 Matanzas. 143 158 5,812 117 4; 416 624 10 249 Pinar del Rio. . 159 176 4, 574 33 4 140 Puerto Principe. 37 41 l’ 817 41 832 1 97 Santa. Clara. . 221 244 8,287 100 3,296 19 285 Santiago de Cuba. 125 138 6,341 120 3; 575 11 260 Total. 904 998 36,306 740 25,384 70 2,265 Province. Institutes. University. Special schools. Institutes. Teachers. Students. Professors. ^ •« Students. Profes¬ sional. Art school. Normal school. Professors. Students. Professors. Students. Professors. Students. Habana . 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 11 7 8 '8 9 720 143 32 72 99 120 58 671 9 60 4 538 16 292 Matanzas . Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe Santa, Clara, Santiago de Cuba. Total. 6 64 1,186 58 1 1 671 9 60 4 538 16 »292 1 Number of teachers not given. Cost of education as per municipal , provincial, and State budgetsr Province. Public schools (munici¬ pal). Institutes (provin¬ cial). University (State). Profes¬ sional (State). Art school (State). Normal (State). Arts and trades (State). Habana. $212,549.80 120,967. 95 93,434.10 34,209.60 159,989.66 95,741 41 $35,407.20 18,000.00 16,000.00 16,000.00 16,000.00 17,328.00 $134,350.00 $17,800 87,050 820,000 81,000 Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago de Cuba. Total. 716,892.52 118,735.20 134,350.00 17,800 7,050 20,000 1,000 UNIVERSITY OF HABANA FROM O'REILLY STREET EDUCATION. 585 RECAPITULATION. Municipal schools . Institutes. University. Professional school Art school. Normal school Arts and trades .. - State funds. §716, 892.52 118, 735. 20 134, 350.00 17,800. 00 7, 050. 00 20, 000. 00 1 , 000 . 00 Total 1,015,927. 72 Two-thirds of this sum was covered by matriculation fees. For 1898-99, during which 541 public primary schools were reported, the budget called for: Municipal schools . Institutes. University. Art school. Professional school Normal school .... Arts and trades ... Typographers. $716, 892. 90 70, 735. 00 129, 950. 00 9, 250. 00 19, 300. 00 30,147. 80 1 , 000 . 00 1 , 200 . 00 Total...978,474.80 During the past six months General Wood has completely reorgan¬ ized the public school system of Cuba, adapting it as far as practicable to the public school system of the United States. The final results of the changes which have been made from time to time are embodied in the following civil decree, published June 30, 1900: [No. 279.] Habana, June 30 , 1900. The Military Governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Pub¬ lic Instruction, directs the publication of the following regulations for the public schools of the island of Cuba: COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 1. Commissioner the chief executive officer .—There shall be a chief executive officer for the public schools of the island, to be appointed by the Military Governor, and to be known as the commissioner of public schools, and in the performance of his duties as such he shall be guided by this order and by such rules and orders as may be pro¬ mulgated hereafter by the Military Governor or the Secretary of Public Instruction. 2. Duties of commissioner .—It shall be the duty of the commissioner of public schools to see that all orders and instructions from the proper authority pertaining to the public schools of the island are rigidly and impartially enforced. He shall make annually, to the Secretary of Public Instruction,-a report of the public schools of the island, which shall contain an abstract of the reports herein required to be made to him and such other information as he may deem valuable, and he shall make such special reports as may be required by the Military Governor or Secretary of Public Instruction. It shall be his further duty to superintend the building of schoolhouses throughout the island, and direct the purchase and disposition of such supplies as the Military Governor may authorize. 586 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. BOARD OF 1 SUPERINTENDENTS. 3. Composition of the board. —There shall be a superintendent of the public schools of the island, to be appointed by the Military Governor upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Public Instruction and to be known as the island superintendent of public schools, who shall be assisted in each province in the performance of his duties by an assistant, to be appointed in the same manner as the island superintendent and to be known as the provincial superintendent of public schools. The island superin¬ tendent as president, with the provincial superintendents as members, shall consti¬ tute a board of superintendents for the public schools of the island. 4. Duties of board and individual superintendents. —Each provincial superintendent is the assistant and agent of the commissioner of public schools in the general gov 1 eminent and management of the public schools of the island. The board of super¬ intendents shall fix upon and introduce proper methods of teaching in the public schools of Cuba, and shall select text-books and arrange the courses of studies for the different grades of public schools throughout the island; and in all schools of the island which are of the same grade the same text-books and the same courses of studies shall be used. 4a. Sessions of the board of superintendents. —The board of superintendents shall hold regular sessions on the first Monday of October and March at such places within the island as they may deem desirable, and may adjourn from time to time, or- hold special meetings at other time or place within the island as it deems desirable for the transaction of business, which special meetings may be called by the president of the board of superintendents. m CLASSIFICATION OF DISTRICTS. 5. Classes of school districts. —The island is hereby divided into school districts to be styled respectively, city districts of the first class, city districts of the second class, and municipal districts. 6. City districts of first class. —Each city of the island having a population of 30,000 or more by the last preceding census of the island shall constitute a city district of the first class. Under this paragraph the following cities are announced as forming city districts of the first class: Habana, Santiago, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, and Puerto Principe. 7. City districts of the second class. —Each city having a population of more than 10,000 and less than 30,000 by the last preceding census of the island shall constitute a city district of the second class. Under this paragraph the following cities are announced as forming city districts of the second class: Cardenas, Manzanillo, Guan- abacoa, Santa Clara, Sancti Spiritus, Regia, Trinidad, and Sagua la Grande. 8. Municipal districts. —Each organized municipality, exclusive of any of its terri¬ tory included in a city district, shall constitute a school district, to be styled a municipal district. CITY DISTRICTS OF THE FIRST CLASS. 9. Board of education. —The board of education in city districts of the first class shall consist of a school council and a school director. 10. School council. —The legislative power and authority shall be vested in the scho- 1 council, which shall consist of seven members to be elected by the qualified electors residing in such district, and no two members of the council shall be residents of the same ward. 11. School council election and term. —The first election for such council shall be held on the same day as the annual municipal elections in 1901, at which election three members of the council shall be elected for a term of two years, and their successors shall be elected at the annual municipal election for 1903, and biennially thereafter, and four members of the council shall at such election in 1901 be elected for a term EDUCATION. 587 of one year, and their successors shall be elected at the annual municipal election of 1902 for a term of two years, and biennially thereafter, and all members of the coun¬ cil shall serve until their successors are elected and qualify. President and clerk.- —The council shall organize annually by choosing one of their members president; also a clerk, who shall not be a member thereof, and who shall receive a salary to be fixed by the council which shall not exceed $1,500 per year. 11a. Appointment of first board of education. —The school director and the school council provided for in paragraph 9 shall be appointed by the governor from candi¬ dates recommended to him by the Secretary of Public Instruction immediately after the publication of this order in the official Gazette, to serve until their successors have been elected and duly qualified, as provided for in paragraphs 11 and 16. 12. Resolutions of the council. —Every legislative act of the council shall be by reso¬ lution. Every resolution involving an expenditure of money or approval of a con¬ tract for the payment of money shall, before it takes effect, be presented, duly signed by the clerk, to the school director for approval. Director's approval. —The director, if he approves such resolution, shall sign it, but if he does not approve it he shall return the same to the council at its next meeting with his objections, which objections the council shall cause to be entered upon its journal; and if he does not return the same within the time above limited it shall take effect in the same manner as if he had signed it. Provided, that the director may approve or disapprove the whole or any items or part of any resolution appro¬ priating money; and further provided, that any item disapproved shall have no bearing or connection with any other part of such resolution. Passage over director's veto. —When the director refuses to sign any such resolution or part thereof and returns it to the council with his objections, the council shall forthwith proceed to reconsider it; and if the same is approved by the vote of two- thirds of all the members elected to the council it shall then take effect, as if it had received the signature of the director. And in all such cases votes shall be taken by yeas and nays and entered on the record of the council. 13. Teachers and employees. —The council shall provide for the appointment of all necessary teachers and employees and prescribe their duties and fix their compen¬ sation. 14. School director; election and powers. —The executive power and authority shall be vested in the school director, and in the performance of his duties as chief execu¬ tive officer he shall be guided by this order and by such rules and orders as maybe promulgated by proper authority and by the resolutions of the council. He shall be elected by the qualified electors of the districts. 15. He shall devote his entire time to the duties of his office, and shall receive an annual salary of $2,000, payable monthly; and before entering upon the discharge of the duties of his office shall give bond, to be approved by the board, for the faithful performance thereof, in the sum of $5,000, which bond shall be deposited with the clerk within ten days from date of election and preserved by him. The director shall report to the council annually, or oftener if required, as to all matters under his supervision; he shall attend all meetings of the council and may take part in its deliberations, subject to its rules, but shall not have the right to vote except in case of a tie. 16. First election and term. —The first election for such director shall be held on the same day as the annual municipal election of 1901, and his successor shall be elected at the time of the annual municipal election for 1903, and biennially thereafter. Any director shall serve until his successor is elected and qualified. 17. Vacancies. —In case of any vacancy in the office of school director or member of the council the council may, by the votes of the majority of all the members elected, fill such vacancy until the next annual municipal election, when the same shall be filled by election for unexpired term. 588 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. 18. Superintendent of instruction. —The council shall appoint a superintendent of instruction, who shall remain in office during good behavior, and the council may at any time, for sufficient cause, remove him; but the order for such removal shall be in writing, specifying the cause therefor, and shall be entered upon the records of the council. Powers and duties. —The superintendent of instruction shall have the sole power to appoint and discharge, with the approval of the council, all assistants and teachers authorized by the council to be employed, and shall report to the council in writing quarterly, and oftener if necessary, as to all matters under his supervision, and may be required by the council to attend any or all of its meetings; and except as. other¬ wise provided in this order all employees of the board of education shall be appointed or employed by the school director. 19. Warrants for money. —The clerk of the board shall issue all warrants for the payment of money from the school funds, but no warrant shall be issued for the pay¬ ment of. any claim until such claim is approved by the school director, except the pay roll for assistants in school work and teachers, which shall be approved by the superintendent of instruction. 20. Liability of clerk and sureties. —If the clerk shall dra w a warrant for any claim contrary to law, he and his sureties shall be individually liable for the amount of the same. 21. Clerks' reports. —The clerk shall submit to the council quarterly, and oftener, if required by it, a report of the account of the board, verified by his oath, exhibiting the revenues, receipts, disbursements, assets, and liabilities of the board, and the manner in which the funds have been disbursed. 22. Contracts. —All contracts involving more than $250 in amount shall be in writ¬ ing; executed in the name of the board of education by the school director, and approved by the council. 23. Conduct of elections. —The election provided for in paragraph 11 shall be con¬ ducted by the judges and clerks of the municipal elections and in compliance with the same law or laws covering such elections. 24. Meetings of the board of education, regular and, special. —The board of education shall hold regular meetings once every two weeks, and may hold such special meet¬ ings as it may deem necessary. It may fill all vacancies that occur in the board until the next annual election, and may make such rules and regulations for its own gov¬ ernment as it may deem necessary, but such rules and regulations must be consistent with this order. CITY DISTRICTS OF THE SECOND CLASS. 25. Board of education. —In city districts of the second class the board of education shall consist of six members, who shall be judicious and competent persons with the qualifications of an elector therein, and shall be elected by ballot at the annual municipal election in 1901 by the qualified electors of the city. Elections. —Those elected shall be divided, upon the fifteenth day thereafter, by lot, into three equal classes; the members of the first class shall serve for one year, the members of the second class for two years, and the members of the third class for three years. All elections of members for the board of education thereafter shall be held at the regular municipal election annually, and all members shall serve until their successors are elected and qualified. 26. Judges of election. —The election for members of the board of education in city districts of the second class shall be held by the same judges and clerks provided for the municipal election, and returns of such election, duly certified as in other cases, shall be made within five days to the clerk of the board of education of any such city. 27. First board of education. —Upon receipt of this order, mayors of cities that consti¬ tute city districts of the second class shall appoint the five members of the hoard of CLASS IN THE CORRIDOR OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF HABANA. EDUCATION. 589 education, who shall elect one of their members president of the board. The board so constituted shall be the board of education for such city district of the second class until the election and qualification of the board of education as provided for in the preceding paragraph^ 28. Upon the appointment and qualification of the board of education provided for in the preceding paragraph for such city district of the second class, and upon the election and qualification of the board of education provided for in paragraph 30, the board of education of the municipality in whose territory is situated the newly formed city district of the second class shall be dissolved and cease to exist. 29. Notice of election. —The clerk of the board of education of each city district of the second class shall publish a notice of the election provided for in the preceding paragraphs in a newspaper of general circulation in the district, or post written notices of such election in five of the most public places in the district, at least ten days before the holding of the same, which notice shall specify the time and place of the election and the number of persons to be elected. At the first election for members of the board of education of any city district of the second class, the notice of election herein required shall be made by the then existing board of education. 30. The board of education shall hold regular meetings once every two weeks, and may hold such special meetings as it may deem necessary. It may fill all vacancies that occur in the board until the next annual election, and may make such rules and regulations for its own government as it may deem necessary, but such rules and regulations must be consistent with this order. It shall organize annually by choosing one of its members president. 31. Municipal board of education. —The board of education of each municipal district shall consist of the mayor of the municipality, [who shall be president of the board, and one director elected for a term of three years from each subdistrict; provided, that if the number of subdistricts in any municipal district exceeds fifteen, the board of education shall consist, exclusive of the president, of those directors who have one and two years still to serve; and that if the number of subdistricts exceeds twenty- four, the board of education shall consist, exclusive of the president, of those directors who have but one year to serve. The director of each subdistrict is the representa¬ tive of the inhabitants of that subdistrict in educational matters, and if not a member of the board of education shall represent to the board in writing the wants of his subdistrict. 32. Election and qualification of directors. —There shall be elected by ballot, as soon as possible after paragraph 37 of this order has been complied with in each sub¬ district, by the qualified electors thereof, one competent person, to be styled director. These directors shall meet at the office of the mayor of the municipality and shall be divided, upon the third Saturdayafter such election, by lot into three classes, as nearly equal as possible. The directors of the first class shall serve for the term of one year, the directors of the second class for two years, and the directors of the third class for three years. All elections of directors thereafter shall be held on the last Saturday of April, annually, and all directors shall serve until their successors are elected and qualify. 33. Notice of election. —The director of each subdistrict where the election may occur shall post written or printed notices in three or more conspicuous places of his subdistrict at least six days prior to the date of election, indicating the day and hour of opening and-the hour of closing the election, and the place where such election is to be held. The election shall, when practicable, be held at the schoolhouse in the subdistrict. Judges of election. —The meeting shall be organized by appointing a chairman and secretary, who shall act as judges of the election, under oath or affirmation, which oath or affirmation may be administered by the director of the subdistrict, or any other person competent to administer such an oath or affirmation; and the secretary 590 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. shall keep a poll book and tally sheet, which shall be signed by the judges and deliv¬ ered within five days to the mayor of the municipality. Notice at first election. —At the first election for directors of subdistricts provided for in paragraph 32, the notices of election herein required shall be posted in the differ¬ ent subdistricts by the now existing board of education, and the oath or affirmation herein required to be administered may be administered by any elector present. 34. Regular and special meetings. —The board of education shall hold regular ses¬ sions on the second Saturdays of May, July, September, November, and January, at the office of the mayor of the municipality for the transaction of business, and may adjourn from time to time, or hold special meetings at any other time or place within the township, as it deems desirable for the transaction of business. Each special meet¬ ing may be called by the clerk of the board, by the president of the board, by two or more members of the board, but each member of the board must be duly notified thereof personally, or by written notice left at his residence or usual place of business. 35. Maps of township district. —A map of each township district shall be prepared by the board as it may be necessary, in which shall be designated the numbers and boundaries of the subdistricts thereof. The board may at any regular session increase or diminish the number, or change the boundaries of subdistricts, but any increase in the number of subdistriets in any municipality will be subject to the approval of the provincial superintendent. 36. Election in new subdistriets. —When the board consolidates two or more sub¬ districts into a new subdistrict, or establishes a new subdistrict in any other way, it shall call a special meeting of the qualified electors resident in the new subdis¬ trict for the purpose of electing one director for the same. Notice shall be given of such election, and the election shall be conducted as provided in this order, and a director shall be elected to serve the term which shall render the classes of directors most equal from the annual meeting on the second Saturday of May next preceding the organization of the new subdistrict; and the terms of office of the directors of subdistricts so consolidated shall expire at the time such new subdistrict is created. REORGANIZATION OF DISTRICTS. 37. Division into subdistricts. —The board of education of each municipal district provided for in order No. 226 shall at once divide its municipal district exclusive of whatever territory may be comprised in a city district of the first or second class into subdistricts. No subdistrict shaH contain less than 60 resident scholars by enumeration, except in cases where, in the opinion of the board, it is absolutely necessary to reduce the number. The division shall be so made that the number of teachers shall not be increased over that employed at the time this order is received. 38. Number of schools to a subdistrict. —No subdistrict shall be without at least one school, open to children of both sexes, or if not such a mixed school, then at least two schools, one for boys and one for girls. In rural subdistricts it is preferable to have but one mixed school to a subdistrict. In cities of either the first or second class subdistricts may have one or more schools for girls, and one or more for boys. Schools of any subdistrict shall be in the same building, unless this is absolutely impossible, in which case they shall be as near together as possible. 39. Designation of subdistrict. —Subdistricts of any school district, city or municipal, shall be designated by the numerals, 1, 2, 3, etc., consecutively, and'hereafter when officially referring to any school district, it shall be as follows: Subdistrict No.-, municipality or city of-, province of-. 40. Map of municipal district. —As soon as possible after the completion of the reorganization herein directed, each board of education will have prepared a map of its municipality, showing the approximate boundaries of school districts and the approximate boundaries of schoolhouses therein. A copy of this map shall be posted EDUCATION. 591 at all times in each schoolhouse of the district, together with a list of unmarried youth of school age in the subdistrict. One copy of this map shall be sent to the commission of public schools and one to the provincial superintendent as soon as completed. THE CLERK. 41. Bond of clerk. —The clerk of each board of education shall execute a bond, in an amount and with surety to be approved by the board, payable to the treasurer of the island of Cuba, conditioned that he shall perform faithfully all the official duties required of him, which bond shall be deposited with the president of the board, and a copy thereof, certified by the president of the board, shall be filed with the provin¬ cial superintendent and commissioner of public schools. 42. When orders to clerk for teachers’ pay illegal. —It shall be unlawful for the clerk of the board to draw an order on the proper disbursing officer for the payment of a teacher for services until the teacher files with him such reports as may be required by the commissioner of public schools, a legal certificate of qualification, or a true copy thereof, covering the entire time of the service, and a statement of the branches taught. All of these documents must be carefully filed by the clerk and handed over to his successor in office. 43. Annual statistical report of hoard of education. —The clerk of each board shall prepare the annual report of the expenditures of school money in his district, and a statistical statement in reference to the schools required of the board by paragraph 47, and transmit the same to the provincial superintendent on or before the last day of August. 44. Publication of expenditures for school purposes. —The board of education of each district shall require the clerk of the board annually, ten days prior to the election for members of the board and directors of subdistricts, to prepare and post at the place or places of holding such elections, or publish in some newspaper of general circulation in the district, an itemized statement of all money expended for school purposes in the district within the school year last preceding. 45. Clerk to deliver books, etc., to successor. —Each clerk shall at the expiration of his term of office deliver to his successor all books and papers in his hands relating to the affairs of his district, including certified copies thereof, and reports of school statistics filed by teachers. •/ 46. How clerk shall keep accounts. —The provincial superintendent of each province shall furnish to the clerk of each school board in his province a suitable blank book, made according to the form prescribed by the commissioner of public schools, in which shall be kept a record of the school funds of his district, giving amounts expended and for what purposes expended. REPORTS. 47. Annual report of board of education. —The board of education of each district shall make a report to the provincial superintendent on or before the last day of August of each year, containing a statement of the expenditures of the board, the number of schools sustained, the length of time such schools were sustained, the enrollment of pupils, the average monthly enrollment and average daily attendance, the number of teachers employed and their salaries, the number of schoolhouses and schoolrooms, and such other items as the commissioner of public schools may require. 48. In what form to be made. —The report shall be made on blanks which shall be furnished by the commissioner of public schools to the provincial superintendent, and by the provincial superintendent to each clerk»of school boards in his province; and each board of education or officer or employee thereof, or other school officer, in any district or province, shall, whenever the island superintendent so requires, report to him direct, upon such blanks as he shall furnish, any statements or items of infor¬ mation that he may deem important or necessary. 592 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 49. Reports hy principals and teachers. —Boards of education shall require all teach¬ ers and principals to keep the school records in such manner that they may be ena¬ bled to report annually to the provincial superintendent, as required by the provisions of this order, and may withhold the pay of such teachers as fail to file with the clerk reports required of them. The board of education of each city district shall prepare and publish annually a report of the condition and administration of the schools under its charge, and include therein a complete exhibit of the statistical affairs of the district. 50. Duty of provincial superintendent as to school report. —The provincial superintend¬ ent of each province shall, on or before the 20th day of September, annually, pre¬ pare and transmit to the island superintendent an abstract of all the returns of school statistics made to him from the several districts in his province, according to the forms prescribed by the commissioner of public schools, and such other facts as the commissioner of public schools may require. He shall also cause to be distributed all such orders, circulars, blanks, and other papers in the several school districts of the province as the island superintendent may lawfully require. The provincial superintendent shall also be liable on his bond for any such neglect in a sum not less than $300, nor more than $1,000, on complaint of the commissioner of public schools. 51. When provincial superintendent shall appoint person to make reports. —Upon the neglect or failure of a clerk of board of education of any district to make the reports required herein, and by the time specified, the provincial superintendent shall appoint some suitable person, resident of the district, to make such reports, who shall receive the same compensation therefor and in the same manner as is allowed herein for like service; and before an order for the pay of clerk shall be made, he shall present to the board a statement, officially signed and certified by the pro¬ vincial superintendent, that he has returned all the reports of statistics for the year required by this order. PROVISIONS APPLYING TO ALL SCHOOL BOARDS. 52. Status , powers, and duties. —Boards of education of all school districts organized under the provisions of this order shall be, and they are hereby declared to be, bodies politic and corporate, and as such capable of suing and being sued, contracting and being contracted with, acquiring, holding, possessing, and disposing of property, both real and personal, and of exercising such other powers and having such other privileges as are conferred by this order. 53. IIow property may he disposed of. —When a board of education authorized so to do decides to dispose of any property, real or personal, held by it in its corporate capacity, exceeding in value $300, it shall sell the same at public auction, after giv¬ ing at least thirty days’ notice thereof by publication in some newspaper of general circulation, or by posting notices in at least five of the most public places in the district to which such property belongs. 54. What property the hoards have title to. —All property, real or personal, which has heretofore vested in and is now held by any board of education for the use of public or common schools in any districts is hereby vested in the board of education pro¬ vided for in this order and having under this order jurisdiction and control of the schools in such district. 55. School property exempt from taxation. —All property, real or personal, vested in any board of education shall be exempt from tax, and from sale on execution, or other writ or order in the nature of an execution. 56. Conveyances and contracts —All conveyances made by the board of education shall be executed by the president and clerk thereof. No member of a board shall have any pecuniary interest, either direct or indirect, in any contracts of the board, or be employed in any manner for compensation by the board of which he is a mem- trri*frf?r~tm ! w *1$r t- *3mCmwmmxfab t *># n : mnt» ? h mtmt mpnmmw • 'M v-.-xy Yi v » , • ‘.ryyy <(■( *; 'v^WA $lTVtXXttU*Ul ■■ >; ;Sf * fe**» sr'^vf ft: - ■sssrstfSSKj Ill COLLEGE MARIA LOUISA DOLOROSA, A NOTED SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES IN HABANA - EDUCATION. 593 ber, and no contract shall be binding upon any board unless it be made or authorized to be made at a regular or special meeting of the board. 57. Process against boards and how served. —Process in all suits against a board of education shall be by summons, and shall be served by leaving a copy thereof with the clerk or president of the board. 58. Tie vote to be decided by lot. —In all cases of tie votes at an election for members of a board of education the judges of election shall decide the election by lot; and in other cases of failure to elect members of the board, or in case of a refusal to serve, the board shall appoint. 59. Oath of members and other officers. —Each person elected or appointed a mem¬ ber of a board of education, or elected or appointed to any other office under this title, shall, before entering upon the duties of' his office, take an oath or affirmation to support the military government of the island of Cuba, and that he will perform faithfully the duties of his office, which oath or affirmation may be administered by the clerk or any member of the board; and no person shall be elected or appointed a member of a board of education who has not the qualification of an elector and is not able to read and write. 60. Organization and selection of officers. —Each board of education shall choose annu¬ ally a clerk, who shall not be a member of the board, but shall be entitled to vote in case of a tie, excepting clerks of boards of education of city districts of the first class, and whose compensation shall be fixed by the board of education. 61. Vacancies in board , how filled. —Vacancies in any board of education arising from death, nonresidence, resignation, expulsion for gross neglect of duty, or other cause, which occur more than fifteen days before the next annual election, the board shall fill within ten days from the occurrence of the vacancy, until the next annual election, when a successor shall be elected to fill the unexpired term. 62. Quorum; yeas and nays to be taken in certain cases. — A majority of the board of education shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business upon a motion to adopt a resolution authorizing the purchase or sale of property, either real or per¬ sonal, or to employ a superintendent, teacher, janitor, or other employee, or to elect or appoint an officer, or to pay any debt or claim. The clerk of the board shall call publicly the roll of all the members composing the board, and enter on the rec¬ ords required to be kept names of those voting ‘ ‘ aye ’ ’ and the names of those voting “no.” If the majority of all the members of the board vote “aye,” the president shall declare the motion carried; and upon any motion or resolution any member of the board may demand the yeas and nays, and thereupon the clerk shall call the roll, and record the names of those voting “aye” and those voting “no.” In all cases except those which are declared to require a majority of all the members com¬ posing the board a majority of the quorum is sufficient to pass a measure, and the roll need not be called unless demanded by a member of the board. 63. Absence of the president or clerk. —If at any meeting of the board either the president or clerk is absent, the members present shall choose one of their number to serve in his place pro tempore; and if both are absent both places shall 'be so filled, but upon the appearance of either at the meeting after his place has been so filled he shall immediately assume the duties of his office. 64. Record of proceedings and attestation thereof. —The clerk of the board shall record the proceedings of each meeting in a book to be provided by the board for that pur¬ pose, which shall be a public record. The record of the proceedings at each meet- ting of the board shall be read at its next meeting, recorrected if necessary, and approved, and the approval shall be noted in the proceedings; and after such approval the president shall sign the record and the clerk shall attest the same. 65. Illegal meetings. —The board of each district shall make such rules and regula¬ tions, not in conflict with the orders of higher authority, as it may deem expedient 24662-38 594 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. and necessary for its government and the government of its appointees and the pupils; and any meeting of a board of education not provided for by its rules or by this order shall be illegal unless all the members thereof have been notified as pro¬ vided for in paragraph 33. 66. Yearly estimate of expenses. —Each board of education shall make annually, before the last day of August, on forms to be furnished for that purpose, a detailed estimate of the probable expenses of the corresponding district for the school year next following, such estimate to be forwarded to the provincial superintendent. 67. Rental and use of schoolhouses. —The board of education of any district is empowered to rent suitable schoolrooms, but no lease of a schoolroom or building shall be made for a period exceeding one year. When in the judgment of any board of education it would be for the advantage of the children residing in any school district to hold literary societies, school exhibitions, normal school or teachers’ institutes, the board of education shall authorize the opening of such schoolhouses for the purposes aforesaid, provided such action shall in no wise interfere with the public schools in such district. 68. Illegal use of schoolhouses. —Schoolrooms shall be secured in healthful localities, and shall be clean, well ventilated, and well lighted, and all rooms, buildings, or parts of buildings rented or assigned for school use shall be used exclusively for school purposes, and no teacher, janitor, or other person shall dwell therein. 69. Sufficient schools must be provided. —Each board of education shall establish a sufficient number of schools to provide for the free education of the youth of school age in the district under its control at such places as will be most convenient for the attendance of the largest number of such youth, and shall continue each and every day school so established thirty-six weeks in each school year; and each municipal board of education shall establish at least one primary school in each subdistrict under its control. 1 70. Schools at children’s homes and orphan asylums. —The board of any district in which a children’s home or orphans’ asylum is or may be established by law, shall, when requested by the directors of such children’s home or orphans’ asylum, estab¬ lish in such home or asylum a separate school, so as to afford to the children therein as far as practicable the advantages and privileges of the common-school education. All schools so established in any such home or asylum shall be imder the control and management of the directors of such institution, which directors shall, in the control and management of such schools, as far as practicable, be subject to the same laws that boards of education and other school officers are who have charge of the com¬ mon schools of such district; and the teacher of any such school so established shall make all reports required by this order as any other teacher of the district, and to the same officers. 71. Evening schools. —In any district, or part thereof, parents or guardians of chil¬ dren of school age may petition the board of education to organize an evening school. The petition shall contain the names of not less than twenty-five youths of school age who will attend such school, and who, for reasons satisfactory to the board, are prevented from attending day school. Upon receiving such petition the board of edu¬ cation shall provide a suitable room for the evening school, and employ a competent person, who holds a regularly issued teacher’s certificate, to teach it. Such board may discontinue any such evening school when the average evening attendance for any month falls below 12. 1 Boards of education may, in their discretion, permit boys and girls of school age to attend the same school; and it is hoped that, at least with young children, this plan will prevail, as it will tend to develop that high respect between the sexes which is the basis of true womanhood and manhood. In small towns and in the country it may often be the only means of establishing sufficient schools. EDUCATION. 595 72. Who may be admitted to public schools. —Schools of each district shall be free to all unmarried youth between 6 and 18 years of age who are children, wards, or apprentices of actual residents of the district, including children of proper age who are or may be inmates of a children’s home or orphans’ asylum located in any such school district; provided, that all unmarried youth of school age living apart from their parents or guardians and who work to support themselves by their own labor shall be entitled to attend school free in the district in which they are employed. The several boards shall make such assignment of the unmarried youth of their respective districts to the schools established by them as will, in their opinion, best promote the interests of education in their district. 73. Suspension and expulsion of pupils. —No pupil shall be suspended from school by a superintendent or teacher except for such time as may be necessary to convene the board of education, and no pupil shall be expelled except by a vote of two-thirds of such board, and not until the parent or guardian of the offending pupil has been notified of the proposed expulsion and permitted to be heard against the same; and no pupil shall be suspended or expelled from any school beyond the current term thereof. 74. Holidays. —Teachers employed in the common schools may dismiss their schools, without forfeiture of pay, on such legal holidays as the military governor may from time to time appoint. 75. School year , week , and day. —The school year shall begin on the 1st day of Sep¬ tember of each year and close on the 31st day of August of the succeeding year. Schools shall open regularly on the second Monday of September of each year, and the first term shall end on December 24 next following. The second term shall begin January 2 of each year and end on the Friday next preceding Holy Week. The third term shall begin on the first Monday after said Holy Week and end when paragraph 69 has been complied with. The school month shall consist of four school weeks, and the school week shall consist of the five days from Monday to Friday, inclusive. The daily school session shall be for six hours, not including recesses, and shall be divided into a morning and afternoon session. 76. Boards to control schools and appoint officers. —Each board of education shall have the management and control of the public schools of the district, except as otherwise provided for boards of education in city districts, with full power to appoint principals, teachers, janitors, and other employees, and fix their salaries or pay, provided such salaries per month do not exceed the following: In Habana, $65; in the capitals of provinces and in Cardenas and Cienfuegos, $50. In all other munic¬ ipalities, $40, except for all teachers in schools with an average attendance of less than 30 pupils, in which case the salary shall not exceed $30; and any person serving as a regular teacher of a school, and also having the supervision of not less than two other schools, shall be rated as a principal on the rolls and receive the additional sum of $10 per month. Such salaries or pay may be increased, but shall not be diminished during the term for which the appointment is made; but no person shall be appointed for a longer time than one year, and the board of education may dis¬ miss any appointee for inefficiency, neglect of duty, immorality, or improper con¬ duct. Women only shall be employed in schools for girls; either women or men may be employed in schools for boys. For similar services women and men shall at all times receive equal pay. 77. Date of teacher's appointment. —The teacher’s appointment shall date from and the teacher’s salary shall begin on the day when he first takes charge of a school during any school term, and at the end of the first calendar month thereafter he shall be paid such part of a month’s salary as corresponds to the length of time he has been in actual charge of a school. Thereafter his salary shall be due and payable for each calendar month, and all contracts for the service of teachers shall be for a term or period of time ending on the last day of August of the school year for which the teacher was hired. 596 RERORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 78. Salary during vacations. —The teacher’s salary will continue during vacations as well as the actual school periods. When salary may not he drawn. —In order t 4 .be entitled to draw the salary during vacations, teachers must employ such periods in normal schools, teachers meeting for instruction, or in following other courses of instruction approved by the board of superintendents, provided that such school meetings or courses of study are previously prescribed by said board, otherwise the salary will be regularly due the teachers without vacation work. 79. When unlawful to employ teachers. —It shall be unlawful for any board of educa¬ tion, prior to the annual election and the qualification of the director or directors elected thereat, to employ or contract to employ any teacher for a term to commence after the expiration of the current school year; and the school director in each sub¬ district of municipal districts, the president of the school board in each city district of the second class, and the superintendents of instruction in city districts of the first class shall give to the teacher or teachers under their control certificates of such employment and of services rendered, addressed to the clerk of the board of educa¬ tion, who, upon presentation thereof and compliance of such teachers with the pro¬ visions of paragraph 49, shall draw orders on the proper disbursing officer for the amount certified to be due in favor of the parties entitled thereto, and the said dis¬ bursing officer shall pay the same. If salaries are not paid within thirty days of the date of application for the same by the teacher, boards of education shall, and teachers may, report the fact to the commissioner of public schools, who will give the matter personal attention. 80. Teachers may sue hoard for pay. —If the board of education of any district dis¬ miss any teacher for any frivolous or insufficient reason, such teacher may bring suit against such board of education, and if on the trial of the case a judgment be obtained against the board of education, the board shall direct the clerk to issue an order upon the proper disbursing officer for the sum so found due to the person entitled thereto, and in such suits process may be served on the clerk of the board of the district, and service upon him shall be sufficient. ENUMERATION. 81. Yearly enumeration of school youth. —There shall be taken in each district annually during the two weeks ending on the fourth Saturday of March an enumera¬ tion of all unmarried youths, denoting sex, between 6 and 18 years of age, resident within the district and not temporarily there, designating also the number between 8 years of age, the number between 8 and 14 years of age, the number between 14 and 16 years of age, and the number between 16 and 18 years of age. 82. How enumeration of youth is taken. —Each person required or employed under this order to take such enumeration shall take an oath or affirmation to take the same accurately and truly to the best of his skill and ability. When making return thereof to the proper officers, he shall accompany the same with a list of the names of all the youths so enumerated, noting the age of each, and with his affidavit duly certified that he has taken and returned the enumeration accurately and truly to the best of his knowledge and belief, and that such list contains the names of all youths so enumerated and none others. Compensation for same. —The officer to whom such return is required to be made may administer such oath or affirmation and take and certify such affidavits, and shall keep in his office for the period of five years such reports and lists of names, and each person taking and returning the enumeration shall be allowed by the proper board of education reasonable compensation for his services, which in municipal subdistricts shall not exceed $2 for each person authorized, required, or appointed to perform the service. EDUCATION. 597 83. Director to take enumeration in subdistricts. —The director of each subdistrict shall take the enumeration of his subdistrict and return same to the clerk of the board of education in the manner prescribed herein. 84. Clerks to transmit abstract of enumeration to provincial superintendent. —The clerk of each board shall, annually, on or before the first Saturday of April, make and transmit to the provincial superintendent of the province in which is situated the corresponding district, an abstract of the enumeration by this order required to be returned to him, according to the form prescribed by the commissioner of public schools, with an oath or affirmation indorsed thereon that it is a correct abstract of the returns made to him under oath or affirmation, and the oath or affirmation of the clerk may be administered and certified by any member of the board of education or by the provincial superintendent. 85. Provincial superintendents to furnish abstract to commissioner of public schools. —Each provincial superintendent shall make and transmit to the commissioner of public schools, on or before the last Saturday of April in each year, on blanks to be furnished by the latter, an abstract of the enumeration returns made to him, duly certified. 86 . Penalty for making fraudulent returns. —An officer through whose hands the enumeration required herein to be returned passes, who, by percentage or otherwise, adds to or takes from the nupiber actually enumerated, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction of such offense, shall be fined in any sum not less than $5 nor more than $500, or imprisoned in the proper jail not less than ten nor more than thirty days, at the discretion of the court. 87. False returns from teachers. —Any enumerator, teacher, principal, or superin¬ tendent who makes a fraudulent return of statistics shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction of such offense shall be fined in any sum not less than $5 nor more than $500, or imprisoned in the proper jail not less than ten nor more than thirty days, at the discretion of the court. ATTENDANCE. 88 . Time of attendance. —Every parent, guardian, or other person, having charge of any child between the ages of 6 and 14 years, shall send such a child to a public, private, or parochial school not less than twenty weeks, at least ten weeks of which, commencing with the first four weeks of the school year, shall be consecutive, occa¬ sional daily absence for reasonable excuse excepted. Excusal from such attendance. —Unless the child is excused from such attendance by the president of the board of education in municipal districts or city districts of the second class, and the superintendent of instruction in city districts of the first class, upon a satisfactory showing, either that the bodily or mental condition of the child does not permit of its attending school, or that the child is being instructed at home by a person qualified, in the opinion of the clerk of the board of education, to teach writing, spelling, reading, geography, and arithmetic. 89. Employment of children under 14 years of age. —No child under the age of 14 years shall be employed by any person, company, or corporation during the school term, and while the public schools are in session, unless the parent, guardian, or person in charge of such child shall have fully complied with the requirements of the preced¬ ing paragraph. Every person, company, or corporation shall require proof of such compliance before employing any such minor, and shall make and keep a written record of the proof given, and shall, upon the request of the truant officer hereinafter provided for, permit him to examine such record. Any person, company, or corpo¬ ration employing any child contrary to the provisions of this paragraph shall be fined not less than $25 nor more than $50. 90. Truant officers. —To aid in the enforcement of the last two paragraphs truant officers shall be appointed and employed as follows: In city districts the board of education shall appoint, employ, and fix the salary of one or more truant officers; 598 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. in township districts the board of education shall appoint one truant officer. The compensation of the truant officer, except in city districts, shall be $2 per day for each day actually employed in carrying out the orders of the clerk of the board of education. 91. Powers and duties. —The truant officer shall be vested with police powers, and shall have authority to enter workshops, factories, stores, and all other places where children may be employed, and do whatever may be necessary in the way of investi¬ gation, or otherwise, to enforce the last two paragraphs. The clerk of the board of education, upon the representation of the truant officer, shall institute proceedings against any officer, parent, guardian, person, or corporation violating any of the pro¬ visions of the last two paragraphs. The truant officer shall keep a record of his trans¬ actions for the inspection and information of the board of education, and he shall make such reports to the clerk of the board of education as are required by him. 91. Reports of'principals and teachers. —It shall be the duty of all principals and teachers of schools—public, private, and parochial—to report to the clerk of the board of education of the district in which the schools are situated the names, ages, and residence of all pupils in attendance at their schools, together with such other facts as said clerk may require, in order to facilitate the carrying out of the last three para¬ graphs, and such report shall be made the last week of each month. It shall be the further duty of such principals and teachers to report to the clerk of the board of education all cases of truancy in their respective schools as soon after the offenses have been committed as practicable. 92. Proceedings in cases of truancy. —On the request of the clerk of the board of edu¬ cation, the truant officer shall examine into any case of truancy within his district, and warn the truant and its parents, guardian, or other person in charge, in writing, of the final consequences of truancy if persisted in. When any child between the ages of 8 and 14 years is not attending school without lawful excuse, or in violation of the preceding paragraph, the truant officer shall notify that parent, guardian, or other person in charge of said child of the fact, and require such parent, guardian, or other person in charge to cause the child to attend some recognized school within five days of the day of notice; and it shall be the duty of the parent, guardian, or other person in charge of the child so to cause its attendance at some recognized school. Penalties imposed on parents, guardians, etc. —Upon failure to do so the truant officer shall report the case to the clerk of the board of education, who shall make com¬ plaint against the parent, guardian, or other person in charge of the child in any court of competent jurisdiction in the district in which the offense occurs for such failure, and upon conviction the parent, guardian, or other person in charge shall be fined not less than $5 nor more than $25, in the discretion of the court, the offense to be punishable as a/a&a; or the court may, in its discretion, require the per¬ son so convicted to give a bond in the penal sum of $100, with sureties to the approval of the court, conditioned that he or she will cause the child under his or her charge to attend some recognized school within five days thereafter, and to remain at such school during the term prescribed by law; and upon a failure or refusal of any such parent, guardian, or other person to pay said fine or furnish said bond according to the order of the court, then said parent, guardian, or other per¬ son shall be imprisoned in the proper jail not less than five days nor more than ten days. 93. When child is exempt. —When any truant officer is satisfied that any child, compelled to attend school by the provisions preceding, is unable to attend school because absolutely required to work, at home or elsewhere, in order to support itself, or help support or care for others legally entitled to its support, who are unable to support or care for themselves, the truant officer shall report the case to the board of education, who may exempt such child from the provisions preceding. 94. Penalties. —Any officer, principal, teacher, or person, mentioned in the forego- EDUCATION. 599 ' ing paragraphs, neglecting to perform any duty imposed upon him by these para¬ graphs, shall be fined not less than $5 nor more than $20 for each offense. Any officer or agent of any corporation violating any of the aforementioned paragraphs, who participates or acquiesces in or is cognizant of such violation, shall be fined not less than $5 nor more than $20. Any person who violates any of the aforesaid paragraphs for which a penalty is not elsewhere provided shall be fined not more than $50. Jurisdiction. —Correctional judges, or if the district has not a correctional judge, then the municipal, shall have jurisdiction to try the offenses described in the afore¬ said paragraphs, and their judgment shall be final. 95. Where law does not operate. —This enforced attendance shall not be operative in any school district where there are not sufficient accommodations in the public schools to seat children compelled to attend the public schools under the provisions of the five preceding paragraphs. 96. Duty of commissioner of public school. —It shall be the duty of the commissioner of public schools from time to time, whenever deemed advisable, to formulate and forward to boards of education throughout the island regulations and suggestions for the instruction and guidance of all persons, officers, superintendents, principals, teachers, and persons charged with the enforcement of the preceding six paragraphs, or any of their provisions. teachers’ institute. 97. Organization by board of superintendents. —It shall be the duty of the board of superintendents to organize in each province at least one teachers’ institute, and more than one, if, in the opinion of the board of superintendents, one will not accommo¬ date all the teachers of the province. 98. Number and salaries of instructors and lecturers. —The board of superintendents shall determine upon the number and salaries of instructors and lecturers of any institute and the length of each session of the institute, provided that no session shall continue less than four school weeks. Each teacher shall attend at least one complete session of the institute in order to obtain his salary during the vacation period. Attendance of teachers necessary to collect vacation salaries. —As a condition of attend¬ ing the institute each teacher shall deposit with an individual, to be designated by the board of superintendents, the amount of $5, which shall form the institute fund. 99. Institute fund. —This fund shall be used to cover the necessary expenses of the institute and shall be expended and accounted for as directed in order from time to time. If the expenses of the institute exceed in amount the institute fund, the unpaid balance shall be paid from the island revenues. If the institute fund for any year exceeds the expenses of the institute for that year, such excess shall go to form a sinking fund for the support of the institute. 100. Organization of institutes. —The board of superintendents shall, at their regular meeting in October, 1900, decide upon a plan for the organization of the teachers’ institutes of the island for the school years of 1900-1901, and submit the same to the secretary of public instruction and the military governor for approval as soon there¬ after as possible. 101. Plans for the examination of teachers. —The board of superintendents shall at their regular meeting in October, 1900, decide upon a plan for the examination of the teachers of the island as to their qualification to teach, and shall present the same in writing to the military governor through the secretary of public instruction as soon thereafter as possible for his approval. 102. Certificate a requisite to employment of teacher. —After the approval and publica¬ tion of the plan mentioned in the preceding paragraph no person shall be employed as teacher in a common school who has not obtained from a board of examiners hav- 600 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. ing competent jurisdiction, a certificate of good moral character and that he or she is qualified to teach such branches of study as the board of superintendents may decide upon and possesses adequate knowledge of the theory and practice of teaching. 103. All salaries and fines mentioned in this order shall be payable in United States currency or its equivalent. Institute Collegiate Coukse. I. The studies included in the collegiate course (segunda ensenanza) will be offered at the official institutes or at schools incorporated with the institutes. II. The following qualifications are necessary for admission to the studies offered in the collegiate course: First. The applicant for admission must be at least 14 years old, or be specially authorized to be admitted. Second. He shall demonstrate that he has taken the primary, elementary, and superior courses of instruction. The applicant shall undergo an examination whereby he shall demonstrate: (а) That he speaks, reads, and writes the Spanish language correctly; (б) That he reads and translates English or French passably, and (c) That he has studied and is familiar with the following subjects: 1. Practical arithmetic up to the application of ratio and proportions. 2. Mechanical drawing and elements of geometry. 3. Complete geography of Cuba, elements of geography of America, and rudi¬ ments of universal geography. 4. Elements of the history of Cuba and the rest of America. 5. Elements of physical geography. 6. Elements of hygiene. 7. Elements of physiology. 8. Elements of zoology and botany. III. The institute collegiate course comprises— Grammar and Spanish literature (historical and preceptive). A foreign language (English or French). Universal geography, universal history. Mathematics, including trigonometry. Physics. Chemistry. Elements of cosmology (physical description of the world). Introduction to biology. Natural history. Logic and elements of psychology. Introduction to sociology. Civic instruction. These studies shall be completed in at least four years. IV. The distribution of the studies in the different vears shall rest with the insti- V tutes, subject, however, to the following rules: The first course of a foreign language may be given in Spanish. The following course must be given in the language taught. The study of geography shall precede that of history. ’ Algebra shall precede physics and chemistry. Geometry shall precede cosmology. Cosmology shall precede biology and these studies shall precede sociology. Elements of cosmology and introduction to biology and sociology are elective courses. It shall be stated in the diploma given to the student at the end of his studies whether he has followed any or all of the elective courses. V. On completion of each course the standing and progress of the student shall be demonstrated by the following examinations: ROYAL COLLEGE OF BELEN, HABANA. EDUCATION. 601 Examination in Spanish Grammar and Literature. The candidate shall be required to write one or two paragraphs on several sut>. jects selected from a list prepared beforehand by the board, to be taken from stand¬ ard modern Spanish or Spanish-American works. He shall be required to give an oral explanation of what he may have written and to demonstrate his knowledge of the rules of grammar and of rhetoric. He shall demonstrate that he has read and studied several classical works of Spanish literature (XYI to XIX centuries), which shall be designated at the com¬ mencement of the course. The examination shall embrace the literary form and the classification of the work, the author, and the literary period to which they may belong. The student shall also present his composition and notebooks, certified to by his professor. Serious mistakes in orthography, syntax, and elocution will determine the failure of the student. Examination in Foreign Language. The candidate shall translate into correct Spanish some passages taken from standard contemporary works. These works shall be periodically designated by the institute. He shall translate from Spanish into the language in which he is to be examined some passages designated for the purpose. He shall answer in the language he is being examined in the questions put to him about the lexicography and syntax of the passages he may have translated. Examination in Geography. The candidate shall solve a series of problems on the planisphere and on the ter¬ restrial sphere. He shall answer questions demonstrating that he understands the principles of map making. He shall pass an oral map examination. He shall write an exercise on a subject of descriptive geography presented by the board, in which exercise he must show his knowledge of orography, hydrography, different races, and of the physical, political, and economical nomenclature of any country or region designated. He shall be allowed the use of any work he may desire to consult in the preparation of this exercise. He shall present his notebooks and designs made during the course, certified to by the professor. Examination in History. This examination shall consist of two exercises: one oral, the other written. The oral examination will be before a map. It will show the general knowledge of the candidate regarding the principal historical epochs and a more circumstantial knowledge of a period of modern history, which period shall be selected by the examining board. The written exercise shall consist of a thesis on a subject of modern history to be previously selected by the board. In said exercise the candidate must demonstrate a general knowledge of the political and social condition of the country during the period designated. He shall be allowed the use of such works as he may desire to consult. He must present his notebook certified to by his professor and his sketches of his¬ torical maps, and must prove that he has read historical works. 602 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Examination in Mathematics (Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry ). It shall consist in the solution of a series of problems, not less than five, for each one of the four divisions, whereby the candidate must demonstrate by reasoning his knowledge of the fundamental principles of the science of mathematics. The board shall take note of the clearnesss and precision shown by the student in his reasoning and demonstrations. The student shall present his notebooks, and the work done by him during the course, which shall be certified to by the professor. Examination in Physics. The candidate shall select thirty experimental exercises from a list prepared beforehand by the institute. Of these exercises ten shall relate to mechanics and five each to light,heat, sound, and electricity, respectively. The board may require such exercise or exercises as it may deem necessary, and an explanation of the theories on which they are based. This examination shall take place in the laboratory. He shall present a written thesis on a subject selected by the board, which thesis shall relate to the application of physical laws to current phenomena. He shall present his notebooks with a description and result of his work in the laboratory. They shall be certified to by the professor. Examination in Chemistry. The candidate shall choose twenty experiments from a list prepared beforehand by the institute. The examining board will require him to perform one or more of said experiments and give the necessary explanations. This examination shall take place in the laboratory. The candidate shall present a written thesis on a subject selected by the board, which thesis shall demonstrate his acquaintance with chemical phenomena and its laws. He shall present his notebooks with a description and result of his work in the laboratory, certified to by the professor. Examination in Elements of Cosmology. The examination shall be written and oral. The first shall demonstrate the student’s general knowledge of the mechanism of the universe, especially of the earth, as well as his skill in the handling of the more necessary instruments for elementary astronomical and meteorological observations. The second exercise shall consist in the students presenting a written thesis on a subject selected by the board. Subjects on geology and physical geography will be preferred. The candidate shall present his copy books with the notes and observations made by him during the course. These copy books shall be certified to by the professor. Examination in Biology. The student shall present a short thesis on the subject given him by ihe board, which shall demonstrate that he possesses a thorough knowledge of vital phenomena. He shall answer all questions in reference to his thesis. Examination in Natural History (Mineralogy, Botany, Zoology). The object of this examination is to demonstrate that the student understands the elemental phenomena of these sciences, and that he has studied them by direct observation. EDUCATION. 603 He shall undergo an oral examination embracing at least one sample of each kingdom. This examination shall take place in the museum. The student shall present a certificate from the professor of his having examined during the course at least twenty minerals, twenty plants, and twenty animals, and the descriptions and classifications he may have made. Examination in Logic and Elements of Psychology. The candidate shall demonstrate that he knows the fundamental laws of logic m their two divisions—inductive and deductive; and he shall present exercises on propositions, syllogism and sophism. He shall present a written thesis on a subject given him by the board on psycho¬ logical data of logic. He shall present his exercises and notebooks certified to by the professor. Examination in Sociology. The candidate shall present a thesis on a subject given him by the board which shall demonstrate that he posesses a thorough knowledge of social phenomena. He shall answer all questions in reference to his thesis. Examination on Civic Instruction. The candidate shall demonstrate by an oral examination that he possesses a general knowledge concerning the state, individual freedom, government and its functions. He shall present a thesis wherein he shall apply said principles to the political organization of Cuba in any of the different periods of its history, which period shall be selected by the board. He shall present his notebooks certified to by the professor. At the close of the exercises of each examination, the board shall decide whether the student has passed (aprobado; A.), has failed (desaprobado; D.), or is conditioned (suspenso; S.). The institute may order special examinations at the end of each course. After passing the final examinations in compulsory studies, the student has the right to demand his examination for a diploma as bachelor of letters aiM sciences. This shall be oral and written. The oral examination shall last at least one hour, and shall consist in his replying satisfactorily to the different questions of the board on subjects in the different studies. The written exercises shall consist of a thesis on a subject drawn by chance from a list prepared beforehand by the institute. The board shall be assembled to listen to the reading of the thesis, and the candidate shall be required to give such explana¬ tions as the board may deem proper. The fee for this examination shall be $10. Professors. VI. There shall be professors, assistant and supernumerary professors. Professors shall be appointed according to the following classification: Class A. Spanish grammar and literature (3 courses). Classes B and C. English and French (2 courses, respectively). Class D. Universal geography and history (2 courses). Class E. Mathematics (3 courses). Class F. Physics and chemistry (3 courses, 2 of physics and 1 of chemistry). Class G. Cosmology; biology; natural history (3 courses). Class H. Logic; sociology and civic instruction (2 courses). 604 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. When the number of students does not exceed 50, each class shall have one professor. When the number exceeds 50, an assistant professor shall be also appointed. If the number exceeds 100 another assistant professor shall be appointed, and so on for each 50 students. The professor shall teach all the courses in each subject. The salary of the professor shall be $1,500 per annum for the first course, with an increase of 40 per cent and 20 per cent of the salary for the second and third courses, respectively. The salary of an assistant professor shall be $750 per annum, with the same proportionate increase. Should a professorship become vacant the assistant professor shall be appointed thereto. If there be more than one assistant professor, the senior shall be appointed to the vacant professorship. There shall 'be at least two supernumerary professors at each institute; one for the academic branches and one for the scientific. Thev will assume the duties of the professors and assistant professors whenever these may be absent for good and suffi¬ cient reason. Supernumerary professors shall receive one-fourth the salary of a full professor. They shall be paid at the rate of $750 per annum for the time over one month they may serve as substitutes to a professor. The resulting difference shall be deducted from the salary of the professor. Services rendered as supernumerary professor will be taken into consideration when appointing assistant professors. Salaries in the institutes of the provinces shall be reduced 10 per cent, proportionally. APPOINTMENT OF PROFESSORS. The following rules shall govern the appointment of professors for those chairs which may become vacant in the future and are not filled by the promotion thereto of an assistant professor, and for the appointment of assistant professors: The candidate shall be a doctor in letters or sciences. He shall present a written statement of his works (books) or researches. He shall present before a board, appointed for the purpose by the secretary of public instruction, a written composition on a subject pertaining to the chair he desires to obtain; the subject to be selected from a list previously made out by the board. Should the course require oral teaching, he shall give an experimental oral lesson before the board. The composition shall be written within six hours, in a closed room, the candidate being allowed to consult such works as he may require. The oral lesson shall take place after twenty-four hours’ free preparation. It shall last three-quarters of an hour. Should there be but one candidate, the board upon consideration of his fitness as demonstrated by his works (books) or researches, and by his previous examina¬ tions, shall approve or disapprove the claim. Approval will in this case entitle the candidate to the chair. Should there be more than one candidate, the board shall prepare a list of those who have passed the examination according as they are more or less fit. First place on the list will carry with it a right to the chair. The degree of doctor in letters or sciences is not required for a professorship in foreign languages. \\ hen full professors are without employment they Shall be given preference as assistant professors. Matriculation. \ II. Students admitted to the institute collegiate course shall pay $25 a year, in two installments. EDUCATION. 605 This registration fee gives them the right to attend all the courses of the institute. When a student attends experimental courses he shall pay $3 a year, in one pay¬ ment, for the use of the laboratory. Students of incorporated colleges shall not pay for matriculation in the institute, but shall pay an examination fee of $10 for each subject taught. Students of private institutions may present themselves for examination on pay¬ ment of the same fee for each course. Museums and Laboratories. VIII. The allotment for scientific material (instruments) for the use of the Insti¬ tute of Habana is hereby settled in the amount of $3,000. This allotment shall be proportionally distributed among the several museums and laboratories, according to the judgment of the director, after consultation with the different professors. Preparatory Course. IX. For two years, commencing October 1, 1900, a preparatory course shall be given at the institutes, for which the age requisite is not necessary. To attend the preparatory course the applicant must prove that he has received primary elementary instruction. The studies of the preparatory course shall be: Group A. Spanish grammar with exercises of composition and derivation; recita¬ tion of selected pieces in Spanish prose or verse, with explanation of the same; ele¬ ments of geography and history. Group B. Practical arithmetic up to ratio and proportion; mechanical drawing and elements of geometry; elements of hygiene; elements of physiology, zoology, and botany. The distribution of these classes and their duration shall be regulated by the institute. Each group shall be taught by a professor, aided by such number of assistants as he may require, in the same proportion of one assistant for each additional fifty students. The salaries of these professors shall be $2,000. The matriculation fee for the two courses shall be $20, payable in two installments. Calisthenic Exercises. X. Calisthenic exercises shall be obligatory to the students of the institute. At each institute there shall be a gymnasium and an instructor of gymnastics. XI. The secretary of public instruction will issue the necessary instructions in order that students whq are actually following courses in the institutes may complete their studies. University InsTRucTioN. The University of Habana shall have three faculties, viz: The facuhy of letters and sciences, the faculty of medicine and pharmacy, the faculty of law. The faculty of letters and sciences shall include the school of letters and philoso¬ phy, the school of pedagogy, the school of sciences, the school of engineers, electri¬ cians, and architects, the school of agriculture. The faculty of medicine and pharmacy shall include the school of medicine, the school of pharmacy, the school of dental surgery, the school of veterinarians. The faculty of law shall include the school of civil law, the school of public law, the school of notaries public. The university shall be under the direction of a rector and shall-have a general secretary. These functionaries shall be elected by the professors of the faculties, in full session. 606 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. The election shall be made by a majority of at least two-thirds of the professors present, there being assembled at least three-fourths of the total number of professors. The office of rector shall last three years; that of secretary six years. There shall be no limit to reelections. The rector and secretary shall not be necessarily professors, but if they should be, they shall not occupy their chairs during the time they till the aforementioned offices. There shall be a board of inspectors for the university, which shall look to the improvement and prosperity of the institution and propose to the government any measures tending to said object. The board shall consist of eleven members, as follows: Three members ex officio, namely, the president of the Academy of Sciences of Habana, the president of the “Sociedad Economica,” the president of the supreme court; two members designated by the faculty of the university, but not belonging to it; two members delegated from the six institutes of the island, but not belonging to any of them; one member appointed by the Association Estudios Clinicos of Habana; one member appointed by the bar association of Habana; two members appointed by the government from among persons distinguished for their knowledge or artistic attainments. Four of the eight members shall be elected every three years. They shall hold office six years. The Faculties. Each faculty is composed of the professors of its different school and shall be pre¬ sided over by a dean, and have a secretary, elected, both of them, from the professors. The faculty shall freely regulate the order of instruction of its different schools, distribute and subdivide the courses, appoint periods for vacations and examinations, and recommend the reform, extension of studies, increase of courses, addition of chairs and laboratories which the growth of the school may demand, without further limitations than the following: The complete courses of the university must last nine months within the year. The courses in any school, which students of another school or of another faculty may be obliged to follow, shall be so arranged as to be accessible to said students, and the different faculties shall agree upon suitable days and hours for the corre¬ sponding lectures. In case of any disagreement among the faculties the rector shall decide the matter. Each faculty shall establish its own regulations and submit them to the approval of the rector. In case of disapproval he will state the reasons therefor. The faculty may appeal from the decision of the rector to the board of inspectors. Faculty of Letters and Sciences. SCHOOL OF LETTERS AND PHILOSOPHY. The studies to be pursued in the school are: Latin language and literature; Greek language and literature; linguistics and philology; history of modern literature; psychology; universal modern history; moral philosophy; sociology; history of philosophy (lectures). For the establishment of the chairs these studies shall be grouped as follows: Chair A. Latin language and literature, 3 courses. Chair B. Greek language and literature, 3 courses. Chair C. Linguistics and philology, 1 course. Chair D. History of Spanish literature, 1 course; history of modem foreign litera¬ ture, 2 courses. Chair E. History of America, 1 course; modern history of the rest of the world, 2 courses. Chair F. Psychology, 1 course; moral philosophy, 1 course; sociology, 1 course. EDUCATION. 607 Final written examinations shall be held on each subject. Students shall answer .all questions put to them by the board upon the subjects they may have considered, and shall present certificates testifying to the work they have done during the courses. Examination in Latin and Greek requires sight translation and the answering of any questions concerning the text translated. Everything else concerning the examination shall be regulated by the faculty. The faculty shall admit to the exercises for the degree of doctor in philosophy and letters any students who may have satisfactorily completed all the courses of the school of letters and philosophy. These exercises shall consist of the presentation of a thesis on a subject selected by the candidate from a list which the faculty shall prepare annually and in answering to the questions on said thesis given him by the examining board. Also the delivery, after twenty-four hours of free preparation, of an oral lesson of not more than three-quarters of an hour duration. The rector, upon the recommendation of the faculty, shall grant the title of doctor in philosophy and letters to students passing the above examinations. SCHOOL OP PEDAGOGY. The studies to be pursued in this school are: Pedagogic psychology, pedagogic methodology, history of pedagogy, mechanical and free-hand drawing. For the establishment of the chairs these subjects shall be grouped as follows: Chair A. Pedagogic psychology, 1 course; history of pedagogy, 1 course. Chair B. Pedagogic methodology, 2 courses. Chair C. Drawing, 2 courses. A school of practice for teachers shall be added to the school of pedagogy. Examinations shall be held at the end of each course, in the same manner as those for the schools of letters and philosophy. The faculty shall admit to the exercises for the degree of doctor in pedagogy any students who may have satisfactorily passed all of the examinations of the school of pedagogy and examinations on the following studies: History of Spanish literature, history of America, modern history of the rest of the world, psychology, moral phi¬ losophy, physiology, hygiene, anthropology. At the same time the student shall demonstrate that he has taught as assistant to a professor at the school of practice during a year at least. Tlqe exercises shall be equal to those of the school of philosophy and letters; but the lesson must refer strictly to the application of padagogic methods to any of the matters of instruction in the schools. The rector, upon the recommendation of the faculty, shall grant the title of doctor in pedagogy to the students who have duly qualified in these subjects. School of Sciences. 4 The studies to be taught in this school are mathematical analysis in all its branches; geometry (descriptive and analytical); trignonometrv (analytical, plane, and spherical); astronomy; mechanics; physics (heat, light, sound, electricity); chemistry (inorganic and organic, qualitative and quantitative analysis); cosmol¬ ogy; biology; anthropology; mineralogy and crystallography; botany, and zoology. For the establishment of the chairs these studies shall be grouped as follows: Chair A. Mathematical analysis, 2 courses. Chair B. Geometry and trigonometry, 2 courses. Chair C. Astronomy, 1 course; cosmology, 1 course. Chair D. Mechanics, 1 course; physics, 2 courses. Chair E. Chemistry, 2 courses. Chair F. Anthropology, 1 course. Chair G. Biology, 1 course; zoology, 2 courses. 608 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Chair H. Mineralogy, 1 course; botany, 2 courses. The school of sciences has a cabinet of astronomy and another of physics, a chem.- ical laboratory, a museum of anthropology and natural history, and a botanical garden. Each cabinet and laboratory shall have its corresponding head and the necessary assistants; the museum shall have a curator and the necessary assistants; the garden a director with the necessary assistants. Examinations shall be held upon the completion of each course. These examina¬ tions shall be, above all, of a practical and experimental character. The students shall exhibit certificates of their work. . The faculty shall admit to the examinations for the degree of doctor in sciences any students who may have successfully passed all of the examinations of the school of sciences besides two courses of drawing. These exercises shall be equal to those of the school of philosophy and letters, but the oral lesson must be an objective one. The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor in sciences to the students who have been found duly qualified in these courses. School of Engineers, Electricians, and Architects. The studies to be followed in this school are: Topographical and structural archi- tectual drawing; stereotomy, shades and shadows, perspective, machine design, stonecutting; surveying topography; geology and geodesy; hydromechanics; metal¬ lurgy; graphic statistics; strength of materials; machinery; city constructions (art of hewing stone and handling materials); road engineering (city streets and com¬ mon roads, bridges, railroads); architecture (planning of buildings, constructions, and decorations of buildings); history of architecture; contracts, estimates, and spe¬ cial legislation concerning engineering and electricity; special instruction in electricity. These studies shall be grouped in the following manner: Chair A. Drawing, 3 courses. Chair B. Stereotomy, 3 courses. Chair C. Topography and surveying, 2 courses; geology and geodesy, 1 course. Chair D. Metallurgy, 1 course; civic constructions, 1 course; strength of materials, graphic statistics, 1 course. Chair E. Hydromechanics, 1 course; machinery, 1 course. Chair F. Road engineering—streets and common roads, 1 course; bridges, 1 course; railroads, 1 course. Chair G. Architecture, 1 course; history of architecture, 1 course; contracts, etc., 1 course. Chair H. Special instruction in electricity, 3 courses. The school shall have attached to it a mechanical laboratory, a shop, and an elec¬ trical laboratory and workshop. Each laboratory shall have a chief with the neces¬ sary assistants. The instruction shall be eminently practical. Students shall be obliged to visit workshops, public works, and constructions. Examinations of a practical and descriptive character shall be held at the end of each course. Students shall exhibit the work they may have completed, certified to by the professor. The faculty shall admit to the examination for the degree of civil engineer, any student who may have pursued and been found duly qualified in all of the courses of the school of engineers, excepting those of architecture and special instruction in electricity, and who have pursued and been found duly qualified in the following studies: Mechanical and free-hand drawing; mathematical analysis in all its exten¬ sion; geometry and trigonometry; astronomy; mechanics; physics; chemistry; mineralogy. EDUCATION. 609 The exercise shall consist of the presentation of a project for a construction in any of the branches of study, including the necessary illustrative designs, plans, and models, and an estimate for the work. The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of civil engineer to the students who have passed these examinations. The faculty shall admit to the examination for the degree of electrical engineer any students who may have studied and been found duly qualified in the following studies: Mathematical analysis; geometry and trigonometry; mechanical drawing applied to machinery; mechanics; physics; chemistry; metallurgy; strength of materials; machinery; special course in electricity. The exercise shall consist of the presentation of a study of an electrical machine, plant, system, or process, with the designs, models, and necessary calculations. The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of electrical engineer to the students who have passed this examination. The faculty shall admit to examination for the degree of architect any students who may have satisfactorily passed the following studies: Mechanical and free-hand drawing; mathematical analysis; geometry and trigonometry; mechanics; physics; chemistry; mineralogy; topographic, structural, and architectural drawing; stere- otomy; strength of materials; graphic statistics; civil constructions; machinery; archi¬ tecture; history of architecture; contracts; hygiene. The exercises shall consist in the presentation of a plan for the construction of a public or private building, with the necessary illustrative designs, plans, and models, and its estimate. The rector shall, upon recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of architect to the students who pass said exercises satisfactorily. The faculty shall regulate the studies for builders, and shall grant said title to students who, after having followed the courses pertaining thereto, shall pass the examination required by the faculty. Matriculation for said studies shall take place at the office of the faculty, and the latter shall also collect the examination fees. School of Agriculture. The studies followed in this school are industrial chemistry and industrial analy¬ sis, manufacture of sugar, agriculture, zootechny. These studies shall be grouped as follows: Chair A. Industrial chemistry with analysis, 1 course; manufacture of sugar, 1 course. Chair B. Agriculture, 2 courses; zootechny, 1 course. The school shall have a piece of ground for agricultural experiments, which shall be in charge of the professor of Chair B, with the necessary assistants. Examinations of a practical and experimental character shall be held at the end of each course. Students shall present certificates of work done by them. The faculty shall admit to examination for the title of chemical agricultural expert any student who may have passed all the courses of the school, and the fol¬ lowing studies: Mathematical analysis, geometry and trigonometry, mechanics, physics, chemistry, topography and surveying, mineralogy, geology, zoology, botany. The exercises shall consist of a series of chemical industrial analyses and of the presentation of a project for a farming enterprise. The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of chemical agricultural expert to students who satisfactorily pass said exercises. School of Medicine. The studies to be followed in this school are hygiene; physiology; anatomy; normal histology; dissection; pathological anatomy, and histology; bacteriology; topographical 24662 - 39 610 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CURA, 1899. anatomy and operations; general pathology, with its clinic; medical pathology, with its clinic; surgical pathology, with its clinic; gynecology, with its clinic; obstetrics, with its clinic; pediatrics, with its clinic; therapeutics and materia medica; medical jurisprudence and toxicology. Groups of studies in the school of medicine. Descriptive anatomy Dissection. li Normal histology and histo-chem- istry. Medical physics and chemistry. Physiology, with demonstrations.... Medical natural history pharma¬ cology. Therapeutics, materia medica, etc... Toxicology.. General pathology, with clinic_ Bacteriology. Pathological anatomy and histology. Medicine. r lTropical diseases. °1 Clinical analysis, microscopic and chemical. f fClinical medicine. Diseases of children with clinic. (Surgical pathology. 7-lGynecology with clinic. (Surgical anatomy and operations_ ( Clinical surgery.. Genito-urinary surgery. Skin and syphilis. 9 Obstetrics with clinic. 10 fHygiene and State medicine. iU \Legal medicine. 1 course... Prof. A.. 2 courses.. Demonstrator A. £ course... Asst. A.. Chief of laboratory A. 1 course... Prof. B.. Chief of laboratory B. l course... Prof. B.. .do. J course... Prof. C.. Chief of laboratory C. 1 course... Prof. C.. .do. ^ course_ Prof. G.. .do. i course... Prof. D.. Special interne A. i course... Prof. D.. Chief of laboratory D. i course... Asst. A.. Chief of laboratory A. 1 course... Prof. E. £ course... Prof. D. Special interne A. 1 course_ Demonstrator B. 1 course... Prof. F. Chief of clinic A. 1 course... Asst. B. Special interne B. 1 course_ Prof. G. 1 course... Prof. G. Special interne C. 1 course... Asst. C. .. 1 course... Prof. H. Chief of clinic C. i course... Prof. H. .do. i course... Prof. H. .do. 1 course... Prof. I. Chief of clinic D. 1 course... Prof. J. Chief of Laboratory E £ course... Prof. J. .do. Assistant dem¬ onstrators A and B. Assistant dem¬ onstrator C. Assistant dem¬ onstrator D. Do. Assistant dem¬ onstrator E. Do. Do. Assistant dem¬ onstrator F. Assistant dem¬ onstrator G. Assistant,B.H. Assistant I. Assistant J. Do. Special lectures of three months’ duration, namely: Ophthalmology, nervous and mental diseases, throat, nose, and ear. The school shall have an anatomical amphitheater, a histological laboratory, and a bacteriological laboratory. There shall be a chief for each one of these depart¬ ments and for each of the clinics, with the necessary assistants. Students are obliged to do practical work of dissection, histology and pathological anatomy, and to visit the hospitals from the second year on. Examinations of a practical and descriptive character shall be held at the end of each course. Students shall exhibit the courses and practical work they have completed, certified to by the professor. The faculty shall admit to the examinations for the degree of doctor in medicine any students who may have passed all of the studies of the school, in addition to those of physics and chemistry. The exercises shall consist of oral and written examinations on four cases of clin¬ ical medicine, on a case of fracture and two or more of clinical surgery, three cases of obstetrics, and one of clinical pediatrics. The board may require the candidate to give oral explanations. The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor in medicine to the students who have been found duly qualified in these examina¬ tions. School of Pharmacy. The studies to be followed in this school are: Analytical chemistry; special analy¬ sis (medicines, food and poisons); pharmacography (pharmaceutical matter); prac¬ tical pharmacy. EDUCATION. 611 These studies shall, for the assignment of chairs, be grouped as follows: Chair A. Analytical chemistry, 2 courses; special analysis, 1 course. Chair B. Pharmacography, 2 courses. Chair C. Practical pharmacy, 2 courses. The school shall have three laboratories: One for analysis, another for pharmacog¬ raphy, and the other for pharmacy. There shall be chiefs of laboratories and assistants. Examinations, mainly of a practical and experimental character, shall be held at the end of each course. Students shall present certificates of the work done by them in the laboratory. The faculty shall admit to examination for the degree of doctor in pharmacy any students who may have passed all of the studies of the school of pharmacy, in addi¬ tion to the following: Physics, chemistry, and botany. The exercises shall consist of four analyses: One for an organic substance, one for a medicinal substance, one for a food substance, and another for a toxic substance; and of two exercises in laboratory work, one of them being the microscopic examination of some pharmaceutic matter, and the other the manipulation of formulae or pre¬ scriptions. The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor in pharmacy to the students who have passed these examinations. School of Dental Surgery. The studies to be followed in this school are: Abnormal histology of the mouth; special pathology of the mouth; operative dentistry; mechanical dentistry. These studies shall be grouped as follows: Chair A. Abnormal histology of the mouth, 1 course; mechanical dentistry, 2 courses. Chair B. Special pathology of the mouth, 1 course; operative dentistry, 2 courses. The school shall have a dental laboratory and a dental Clinic. This laboratory shall have the necessary assistants; the professor of operative dentistry shall be the head of the clinic and have the necessary assistants. Examinations of a practical and descriptive character shall take place at the end of each course. Students shall present certificates of their work in the laboratory and clinic. The faculty shall admit to examinations for the degree of dental surgeon any stu¬ dents who may have passed the studies of the school of dental surgery, as well as the following: Anatomy, normal histology, physiology, general pathology, patho¬ logical anatomy and histology and bacteriology, therapeutics and materia medica. The exercises shall consist of the examination of four clinical dental cases and a written report on them, and the presentation of a sample of the student’s work done within the laboratory of the school. The board may require the candidate to give oral explanations. The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of dental surgeon to the students who may have passed these examinations. The school of veterinary medicine shall be organized later. School of Civil Law. The studies to be followed in this school are: Roman law, civil law, penal law, law of procedure, commercial law, and public instruments. For the establishment of chairs, these studies shall be grouped as follows: Chair A. Roman law, i course; public instruments, 1 course. Chair B. Civil law, 3 courses. Chair C. Penal law, 2 courses. Chair D. Law of procedure, 2 courses; commercial law, 1 course. 612 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. An academy for legal practice shall be attached to the school. After the first year of study students are obligated to attend public law suits in the courts of justice of this capital. Examinations shall be held at the end of each course; these examinations shall always be in writing. Students shall answer the questions put to them by the board concerning the subjects they have treated, and shall present certificates of the work they may have done during the courses. The faculty shall admit to examination for the degree of doctor in civil law any students who may have passed all the studies of the school, in addition to the following: Latin, modern history, psychology, moral philosophy, sociology, political economy, and anthropology. These exercises shall consist of the presentation of a thesis upon a subject selected by the candidate from a list the faculty shall annually prepare and of an oral exam¬ ination by the board. He shall explain to the board the records of a civil or criminal suit, their connec¬ tion and object, and give a clear opinion on the case. The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor in civil law to the students who may have passed these examinations. School of International Law. The studies to be followed in this school are: Political economy, public finance, administrative law, constitutional law, international law. These studies are for the establishment of the chairs, grouped as follows: Chair A. Political economy, 1 course; public finance, 1 course. Chair B. Administrative law, 2 courses. Chair C. Constitutional law, 2 courses; international law, 1 course. At the end of each course examinations shall be held in the same manner as those for the school of civil law. The faculty shall admit to examinations for the degree of doctor in international law any students who may have passed all of the examinations of the school of inter¬ national law and the following: Modern history, psychology, moral philosophy, sociology, civil law, penal law. The exercise shall consist of the presentation of a thesis under the same conditions as those of the school of civil law. The rector shall, upon the recommendation of the faculty, grant the title of doctor of international law to the students who may have passed these examinations. School of Notaries Public. The studies to be pursued in this school are: Civil law, penal law, law of procedure, commercial law, administrative law, public instruments. Students in this school must have one year practical experience before obtaining their degrees. The faculty shall admit to examinations for the title of notary public any students who may have passed all of these studies. The exercises shall consist in the recording of different public documents selected by the board. The Professors. There shall be professors, assistant professors, assistant professors (chiefs of clinic), and assistant professors (chiefs of laboratory). There shall be a professor for each of the chairs of the different schools, who shall teach all of the courses of the subject. The salary of a professor shall be $2,000 per annum for the first course, and he shall receive 40 per cent and 20 per cent increase of his salary for the second and third courses, respectively. EDUCATION. 613 Professors who have a clinic attached to their chairs shall be paid the half course at the rate of a whole course, as increase of salary. Those in charge of one course only, with a clinic attached thereto, shall receive an increase of 20 per cent of their salary, and those teaching two courses with a clinic shall receive 10 per cent increase. The assistant professors shall substitute the professors during their justified absences. Whenever an assistant professor (chief of a clinic or of a laboratory) takes the place of the professor, he shall be substituted in his functions as a chief by the first assist¬ ant to the professor. The assistant professors become professors in cases of vacancy. The school of letters and philosophy shall have two assistant professors, one for for the group of languages and the other for that of history and the philosophic sciences. The school of pedagogy shall have an assistant professor. The school of sciences shall have as many assistant professors as there may be chiefs of laboratories required. The curator of the museum and the director of the botanical garden are also assistant professors. The school of engineers shall have an assistant professor and its corresponding chiefs of laboratory. The school of medicine shall have an assistant professor and its chiefs of laboratory and clinic. The chief of the amphitheater is also an assistant professor. The school of pharmacy shall have as many assistant professors as there may be laboratory chiefs required. The school of dental surgery shall have an assistant professor. The school of civil law shall have an assistant professor. The school of public law shall have an assistant professor. One of the assistant professors of the faculty of letters and philosophy shall be the librarian of the university. Assistant professors who have no additional functions, such as chief of laboratory, etc., are obliged to give two weekly lectures on subjects connected with their school. The salary of the assistant professors who have no additional functions shall be $750 per annum. Whenever they substitute a professor they shall have an increase of $250. Assistant professors (chiefs of laboratories and clinics), the curator of the museum, the director of the botanical garden, the chief of the amphitheater, and the librarian shall have a salary of $1,000 each per annum. The assistants to professors in the laboratories and clinics shall receive $500 per annum. Whenever the first assistant to the professor takes the place of the chief, said amount shall be increased to $750. Assistants to professors are appointed by the rector, upon the recommendation of the faculty. All doctors graduated in the University of Habana, or who are legally incorporated therewith, may give courses of lectures in the university upon coming to an agreement with the dean of the faculty to which the subject taught may belong. The students of these courses shall be admitted to examination upon payment of a fee of $25 per subject. Professorships. The following rules shall be observed in regard to chairs which may become vacant and not be filled by the promotion of the assistant professors thereto; they likewise apply to assistant professorship. The candidate must hold the degree of doctor in the profession to which the chair may belong. The title of engineer shall be equivalent to that of doctor. The title of normal professor authorizes one to apply for the chairs of the school of pedagogy. No title is required for candidates to the chair of mechanical and free¬ hand dra winer. 614 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. The candidate shall exhibit a written report of his works, books, and services ren¬ dered to instruction. He shall present to the board of examination appointed for that purpose by the board of inspectors, a written composition selected from a list of subjects prepared by the board, on the studies pertaining to the chair to which he aspires. He shall accompany the composition with a statement of the works he has consulted. After forty-eight hours’ free preparation he shall give a one-hour oral lesson before the board. The composition shall be written within six hours, in a closed room, but the can¬ didate mav consult the necessarv works for reference. Candidates for the chairs of sciences, engineering, medicine, pharmacy, and dental surgery shall be subjected to a series of practical examinations. If there should be but one candidate, the board taking into consideration excel¬ lence displayed in his works or books and the preceding exercises will approve or disapprove his candidacy. Approval will entitle him to the chair. If there should be more than one candidate, the board will draw up a list of those approved, in the order of their standing. The first on the list will be entitled to the chair. Candidates who may have formerly been professors of the university shall be credited with the services they have rendered, and they shall be excused from the first exercise. The Students. To be eligible for admission as a student to the University of Habana— The candidate must be 18 years old. He must have obtained the degree of bachelor of letters and sciences in any of the institutes of the island, or hold a similar degree, duly certified to, from a foreign college or institute. Matriculation. The students admitted to the university shall pay $80 a year in four payments. Payment of said matriculation fee admits a student to all the courses of the university. Whenever the student attends experimental courses, he shall pay $6 a year in two payments for the use of the laboratory. The faculties shall admit any student of the university to registration in their courses, provided he has paid his matriculation; but they shall not admit him to examinations in a course until he has passed all others that precede it in accordance to the order of sequence established. Students following private courses outside of the universfty may attend the uni¬ versity examination by paying $25 for each subject. The registration fee for examination for a degree is $25. Fellowships. There are three fellowships established, one for each faculty, with an annual allow¬ ance of $1,200 each. These fellowships shall be given to distinguished students of the university after they have obtained their degrees. They shall be awarded bv the rector, upon the recommendation of the faculty and a majority vote of two-thirds of the professors. Students who obtain fellowships must go abroad to complete their studies, and especially to perform advanced experi¬ mental work. The fellowships shall be for two years. EDUCATION. 615 Students holding fellowships from the university shall be preferred in the selection of chiefs of clinics and laboratories. Museums and Laboratories. The sum of $18,000 is hereby assigned for the purchase of the scientific material of the university. The faculties shall forward as soon as practicable the estimates for the new laboratories to be established in accordance with this order. Suppression of the Professional School. The Professional School of Habana is hereby suppressed, to date from October 1, 1900. Students registered in this school may continue their studies in the school of engi¬ neering of the University of Habana, where they will be admitted without exami¬ nation or presentation of title and be credited with whatever courses they may have already successfully passed in the Professional School. Such students shall pay the university a matriculation fee of only $25 a year for three years, to date from the closing of the Professional School. The title of master workman issued by the Professional School of Habana shall admit a student to the school of engineering of the university. Such students will be credited with the studies successfully passed in the Profes¬ sional School. The secretary of public instruction is hereby charged with the execution of this order and will issue such instructions as to details as may be necessary. It is probable that this plan will require modification after receiving a practical test, and in fact some changes have already been suggested. It will be given a thorough trial, however, and everything will be done during the American occupation of the island to establish and develop a thorough course of public education suitable to the character and state of the people. In pursuance of this programme upwards of 1,500 public school teachers were brought to Harvard College in July for instruction in American methods of education and the English language. At the end of June there were 3,000 public schools, 3,500 teachers, and 130,000 pupils under instruction in Cuba, and the estimated expend¬ itures for school purposes for this year is upwards of $1,000,000. By comparing these statistics with those already given in describing the state of the schools prior to January 1, 1899, it will be evident that some progress has been made. But a great deal remains to be done, as nothing concerning the welfare of the island is of more importance than the education of the children upon whom, when they shall have become full grown, the future of Cuba will depend. DISCUSSION OF THE TABLES. In addition to the facts regarding education derived from the sched¬ ule for population and already explained (pp. 117 to 151), a special 616 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. schedule for schools was furnished to the enumerators, of which the following is a copy: Census of the island of Cuba, taken under the direction of the United States, 1899. Schedule No. 2. —School Statistics. Supervisor’s district No. -. District of enumeration No.-. Compiled by me on the_day of., 1899. -, Enumerator. 1. Name of the school. 2. Situation. 3. State whether the school is supported by public, private, or religious funds. 4. State whether pupils are day or boarding pupils. 5. Number of buildings composing the school,-; seating capacity, -. 6. Number of teachers: males,-; females,-. 7. Number of pupils in the school during the last school year: Color or race. Pay pupils. Free pupils. Males. Females. Males. Females. White. Negro. Mixed . Chinese. 8. Number of working days in the last school year,-; from-, 1898, to -, 1899. 9. Average daily attendance of pupils during the last school year,-. Tables LIII and LIV have been prepared from the facts reported on that schedule. But it must be borne in mind that the school system of Cuba, while always, according to American standards, imperfect, has suffered, along with all other institutions, from the war, and that its condition in 1899 was not fairly representative of its condition five or ten years earlier. From Table LIV it appears that 85,009 pupils were reported on the school schedule as attending school. From Table XIX it appears that 87,935 children were reported as having attended school at some time during the twelve months preceding October 16, 1899. The difference between these two independent sources might be due to the fact that certain schools in existence at some time during the census year suspended before its close, and thus the attendants upon them appeared in one table, but not in the other. In the following table the results from the two sources are brought together by provinces: Province. Children reported as attending school. Excess ( + ) or deficiency ( —) reported on school schedule. On popu¬ lation schedule. On school schedule. Habana. 30,873 14,693 3,412 4,398 20,301 14,258 27,170 15,429 3,055 3,327 21,217 14,811 -3,703 + 736 - 357 -1,071 + 916 + 553 Matanzas. Pinar del*Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. .*.. Santiago. Cuba. 87,935 85,009 -2,926 EDUCATION. 617 In three provinces the school children reported on the population schedule were more numerous, and in the other three less numerous, than those reported on the school schedule. This negatives the hypoth¬ esis just stated as an explanation of the discrepancies, or at least shows that other influences cooperated to cause the differences. But which¬ ever column is accepted as the more accurate the general results are not widely diverse. Another check upon the accuracy of the work is found by compar¬ ing the number of persons occupied as teachers according to Table XXVI with those reported as school-teachers on the school schedule. The former reports 2,708 teachers of all sorts, the latter 2,665 school¬ teachers. The other 43 might have been teachers not properly to be classed as school-teachers. But when the comparison is made for the separate sexes, it appears that on the occupation returns the male teachers were more numerous by 116, but the female teachers less numerous by 73, than on the school schedule. These results show no greater divergence than the experience of the United States would lead one to expect, and serve to strengthen a belief in the general care and accuracy with which the census of Cuba was taken. Aside from the conclusions already drawn from the tables for edu¬ cation, school attendance, and literacy, the following inferences from Tables LIII and LIV seem warranted: 1. The reported seating capacity (114,735) was over one-third greater than the entire number of pupils (85,009). 2. The average attendance was only from two-thirds to three-fourths of the pupils enrolled, even after due allowance is made for the omis¬ sions on this point mentioned in the notes to the tables. 3. Of the schools, about one-half were public; the other half private or religious. 4. Private and religious schools were the main form in Habana province; public schools were the more usual type in Santa Clara. 5. The number of school buildings in Cuba and in each province slightly exceeded the reported number of schools. Apparently, 47 school buildings were not occupied by schools. 6. Of the school-teachers, about two-fifths were male and three- fifths female. 7. Of the pupils, about one-fourth were pay pupils and three-fourths free pupils. But outside of Habana province only one-sixth were pay pupils and five-sixths were free pupils, while in that province nearly two-fifths were pay pupils and three-fifths free. The large proportion of private schools and pay pupils in Habana is probably due in part to the better economic condition of the capital. 618 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 8. The following table gives the proportion of each class of the pop¬ ulation reported as in school: Class of population. Total num¬ ber. Pupils en¬ tered. Per cent of pupils to population. White. 1,052,397 61,230 5.82 Negro. 234,738 9,597 4.09 Mixed... 270,805 14,029 5.18 Chinese. 14, 857 153 1.03 Total. 1,572,797 85,009 5.40 The low proportion of Chinese in school is, of course, due to the fact that the}" are nearly all in adult } r ears. A few young persons, how r ever, 'probably children of Chinese fathers and Cuban mothers, were returned as Chinese. That the proportion of whites in school is higher than the proportion of colored is not surprising, but it is somewhat unexpected to find that the ratio of school enrollment to population among those of mixed blood is nearer to the white than to the colored ratio. In the analysis of the tables for school attendance it was shown (p. 151) that schools in the cities were far more adequate to the needs than in the country. It may be that the mixed population are more numerous in the cities. If so, this would be one element in explaining the higher ratio of school enrollment among the mixed. On making the compu¬ tation from the figure's in Table YI it appears that of the colored pop¬ ulation outside the fourteen cities separately reported less than half (49. 7 per cent) were returned as mixed, while of the colored population in those cities not far from three-fifths (57.1 per cent) were returned as mixed. Conclusions from a census inquiry regarding intermixture of blood between races must be stated with care or received with reserve, but it seems fair to hold that either the fact, or in all events the claim and appearance, of mixed blood is more general in Cuban cities than in the rural districts. If so, this fact would go far toward explaining the larger proportion of the mixed population in the public schools. Table LIII. — Schools. Number of schools. Kind of school. Kind of pupils. Capacity. Public. Private. Reli¬ gious. Day. Board¬ ing. Both. Num¬ ber of build¬ ings. Seating- capacity. Habana . 472 169 287 16 423 6 43 505 40,447 Matanzas.•. 264 128 130 6 9 9 27° 22 627 Pinar del Rio. 69 37 32 65 4 70 3' 395 Puerto Principe. 79 34 44 1 77 2 80 4 433 Santa Clara..!. 344 236 104 4 329 5 10 346 27,009 Santiago de Cuba. 282 151 129 2 270 4 8 284 16,824 Cuba. 1,510 755 726 29 1,410 24 76 1,557 114,735 EDUCATION 619 Table LIII. — Schools — Continued. Number of teachers. Number of pupils entered. Average attend¬ ance. Free. Pay. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Habana . 472 586 8,525 8,094 5,207 5,344 18,074 Matanzas. 169 306 6,290 6,300 1,433 1,406 10,126 Dinar del Rio. 41 47 1,205 888 493 469 1,991 Puerto Principe. 45 57 1,365 1,123 425 414 2,339 Santa Clara. 218 315 9,352 9.038 1,247 1,580 11,443 Santiago de Cuba. 145 264 5,883 5,997 1,701 1,230 10,325 Cuba. 1,090 1,575 32,620 31,440 10,506 10,443 54,298 Table LIV — Pupils. WHITE. Total pupils entered. Total. Free. Pay. Male. Female. Male. Female. Habana. Matanzas. Dinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago de Cuba. Cuba. 27,170 15,429 3,055 3,327 21,217 14,811 22,195 10,119 2,252 2,986 14,429 9,249 6,621 4,103 853 1,154 6,126 3,749 6,274 3,783 588 1,059 5,992 3,558 4,634 1,126 418 401 1,103 1,200 4,666 1,107 393 372 1,208 742 85,009 61,230 22,606 21,254 8,882 8,488 BLACK. Total. Free. Pay. Male. Female. Male. Female. Habana . 2,356 2,407 436 941 930 205 280 Matanzas. 1,109 184 1,086 135 77 Pinar del Rio. 166 44 42 Puerto Principe. 109 72 22 8* 7 Santa Clara. 2, 757 1,532 1,355 578 1,182 579 41 179 Santiago de Cuba. 221 154 Cuba. 9,597 4,239 3,965 654 739 MIXED. Total. Free. Pay. Male. Female. Male. Female. Habana. 2,561 946 867 357 391 Matanzas. 2,892 1,112 1,409 161 210 Pinar del Rio. 361 167 134 27 33 Puerto Principe. 229 139 42 15 33 Santa Clara. 3,974 1,849 1,832 102 191 Santiago de Cuba. 4,012 1,545 1,858 277 332 „ Cuba . 14,029 5,758 6,142 939 1,190 CHINESE. Total. Free. Pay. Male. Female. Male. Female. Habana . 58 17 23 12 6 Matanzas. 11 2 9 Pinar del Rio. 6 1 4 i Puerto Principe. 3 1 2 Santa Clara..!. 57 22 32 1 2 Santiago de Cuba. 18 11 2 3 2 Cuba. 153 53 66 21 13 620 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Besides the above there were omitted from the schedules the fol¬ lowing data: o In Habana were 21 schools in which the number of pupils entered was not given. There were II schools in which the seating capacity was not stated. In these schools were entered 881 pupils. In Matanzas were II schools, in which were entered 311 pupils, of which the average attendance was not given. There were also 2 schools in which apparently no pupils were entered. In Pinar del Rio there was one school whose seating capacity was not given and 9 in which the average attendance was omitted. These 9 schools had 508 entered pupils. In Puerto Principe were 3 schools in which the number of entered pupils was omitted, and 11 schools, with 255 pupils entered, whose average attendance was not stated. In Santa Clara the returns were very deficient. There were 96 schools, with 1,891 pupils entered, in which the average attendance was omitted, and 2 schools in which there were no pupils entered. In Santiago were 25 schools, with 903 entered pupils, whose average attendance was not given. APPENDICES. APPENDIX I. WAR DEPARTMENT ORDERS ORGANIZING THE CENSUS. War Department, Washington , August 19, 1899. I. By direction of the President a census of the population, of the agricultural products, and of the educational conditions of Cuba shall be taken on the 16th day of October and completed by or before the 30th day of November, 1899. II. Lieut. Col. J. P. Sanger, Inspector-General, is appointed Director of the Census, with office in Washington. It is made his duty to superintend and direct the taking of the census and to perform such other duties as may be required of him. III. Mr. Victor H. Olmsted is appointed Assistant Director of the Census, with office in the city of Santa Clara, Cuba, and is charged, under the direction of the Director of the Census, with the collection of the information required by this order and such instructions as may be issued. He will fill all vacancies which may occur among the supervisors of the census, and will appoint all enumerators and such special agents as may be necessary, report¬ ing his action to the Director of the Census. IV. The following-named citizens of Cuba, nominated by the Military Governor of Cuba, are hereby appointed supervisors of census: 1. Pedro Pequeno, province of Pinar del Rio. 2. Manuel Rasco, province of Habana. 3. Prof. Claudio Dumas, province of Matanzas. 4. Juan Bautista Jimenez, province of Santa Clara. 5. Agustfn H. Agiiero, province of Puerto Principe. 6. SabJs Meneses, province of Santiago. Each supervisor shall be duly commissioned by the Secretary of War, and shall be sworn to the faithful performance of his duty by the Director or the Assistant Director of the Census, or by any civil or military officer authorized to administer oaths in the form and manner prescribed by.the Secretary of War. V. Each supervisor of census shall be charged with the performance, within his own province, of the following duties: To consult with the Assistant Director of the Census in regard to the division of his province into districts most convenient for the pur¬ pose of the enumeration, which district shall be declared and the boundaries thereof fixed by the Assistant Director of the Census; to nominate to him suitable persons as enumerators within his province, one or more for each district and resident therein; but in case it shall occur in any enumeration district that no person qualified to per¬ form and willing to undertake the duties of enumerator resides in that district the supervisor may appoint any fit person to be the enumerator of that district; to com¬ municate to enumerators the necessary instructions and directions relating to their duties; to examine and scrutinize the returns of the enumerators, and in event of dis¬ crepancies or deficiencies appearing in the returns for his province, to use all dili- 621 622 "REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE CUBA, 1899. gence in causing the same to be corrected and supplied; to forward to the Assistant Director of the Census the complete returns for his province in such time and manner as shall be prescribed by the said officer. He will also make up and forward to the disbursing officer of the Army designated to make payments in his province, not later than the twenty-fifth day of each month, accounts required for ascertaining the amount of compensation due himself, each enumerator in his province, his clerk and messenger, his office rent and current expenses, which accounts shall be duly certi¬ fied as true and correct by the supervisor; and said accounts so certified shall be accepted by the disbursing officer so designated, and payment shall be made thereon by draft in favor of each person to whom payment is due. The accounts of enumer¬ ators will be sworn to by them and certified as true and correct by the supervisors. The duties imposed upon the supervisors by this order shall be performed, in any and all particulars, in accordance with the instructions and directions of the Secretary of War; and any supervisor who may abandon, neglect, or improperly perform the duties required of him by this order, and the instructions he may receive, may be removed by the Assistant Director of the Census, who will report his action to the Director of the Census. VI. Each enumerator shall be duly commissioned by the Secretary of War, and shall be sworn to the faithful performance of his duty by the supervisors of the cen¬ sus, or by any civil or militarv officer authorized to administer oaths, and in the form and manner prescribed. VII. Each enumerator shall be charged with the collection in his district of the facts and statistics required by the population schedule and such other schedules as the Secretary of War may determine shall be used by him in connection with the census. It shall be the duty of each enumerator to visit personally each dwelling house in his district and each family therein and each individual living out of a family in any place of abode, and by inquiry made of the head of each family, or of the member thereof deemed most creditable and worthy of trust, or of such individual living out of a family, to obtain each and every item of information and all the particulars required by the order prescribed as of the date October 16, 1899. And in case no person shall be found at the usual place of abode of such family or individual living out of a family competent to answer the inquiries made in compli¬ ance with the requirements of this order, then it shall be lawful for the enumerator to obtain the required information, as nearly as may be practicable, from the family or families or person or persons living nearest to such place of abode; and it shall be the duty of each enumerator to forward the original schedules, duly certified, to the supervisor of census of his province as his returns under the provisions of this order, and in the event of discrepancies or deficiencies being discovered in his said returns he shall use all diligence in correcting or supplying the same. In case the district assigned to any enumerator embraces all or any part of any incorporated township, village, town, or city, and also other territory not included within the limits of such incorporated township, village, town, or city, of either, it shall be the duty of the enumerator of such district to clearly and plainly distinguish and separate upon the population schedules the inhabitants of all or any part of such township, village, town, or city as may be embraced in the district assigned to such enumerator from the inhabitants of the territory not included therein. No enumerator shall be deemed qualified to enter upon his duties until he has received from the supervisor of census of the province to which he belongs the commission authorizing him to perform the duties of enumerator. VIII. The district assigned to any enumerator shall not exceed 1,500 inhabitants for urban and 1,000 inhabitants for suburban or rural districts, as near as may be, according to estimates based on the preceding census or other reliable information, and the boundaries of all subdivisions shall be clearly described by civil divisions, rivers, roads, public surveys, or other easily distinguished lines: Provided, That APPENDIX I. 623 enumerators may be assigned for the special enumeration of institutions, when desir¬ able, without reference to the number of inmates. IX. Any supervisor of the census may, with the approval of the Assistant Director of the Census, remove any enumerator in his province and fill the vacancy thus caused or otherwise occurring. Whenever it shall appear that any portion of the enumeration and census provided for in this order has been negligently or improperly taken and is by reason thereof incomplete or erroneous the Assistant Director of the Census may cause such incomplete and unsatisfactory enumeration and census to be amended or made anew under such methods as may, in his discretion, be practicable. X. The Assistant Director of the Census may authorize and direct supervisors of the census to employ interpreters to assist the enumerators of their respective dis¬ tricts in the enumeration of persons not speaking the language of the country, the compensation of such interpreters not to exceed $3 per day for each day actually and necessarily employed. XI. No supervisor’s clerk, interpreter, special agent, or other official shall enter upon his duties until he has taken and subscribed to the oath or affirmation prescribed by the Secretary of War; and no supervisor, supervisor’s clerk, enumerator, or special agent shall be accompanied or assisted in the performance of his duties by any person not duly appointed as an officer or employee of the Cuban Census and to whom an oath or affirmation has not been duly administered. All appointees and employees provided for in this order shall be appointed or employed solely with reference to their fitness to perform the duties of the position to which they may be appointed, XII. The enumeration of the population required by this order shall commence on the 16th day of October, 1899, and be taken as of that date. And it shall be the duty of each enumerator to complete the enumeration of his district and to prepare the returns hereinbefore required to be made and to forward the same to the super¬ visor of census of his province on or before the 30th day of November, 1899. XIII. If any person shall receive or secure to himself any fee, reward, or compen¬ sation as a consideration for the appointment or employment of any person as enu¬ merator or clerk or other employee, or shall in any way receive or secure to himself any part of the compensation to be paid for the service of any enumerator or clerk or other employee, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be fined not more than $1,000 or be imprisoned not more than one year, or both. XIA". If any supervisor, supervisor’s clerk, enumerator, interpreter, special agent, or other employee, who, having taken and subscribed the oath of office required by this order, shall, without justifiable cause, neglect or refuse to perform the duties enjoined on him by this order, or shall, without the authority of the Director of the Census, communicate to any person not authorized to receive the same any informa¬ tion gained by him in the performance of his duties, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not exceeding $500; or, if he shall willfully and knowingly swear or affirm falsely, he shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and upon conviction thereof shall be imprisoned not exceeding two years and be fined not exceeding $500; or if he shall willfully and knowingly make a false certifi¬ cate or a fictitious return, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction of either of the last-named offenses he shall be fined not exceeding $2,000 and be imprisoned not exceeding two years. XV. Each and every person more than 20 years of age belonging to any family residing in any enumeration district, and in case of the absence of the heads and other members of any such family, then any representative of such family, shall be, and each of them hereby is, required, if thereto requested by the Assistant Director, supervisor, or enumerator, to render a true account, to the best of his or her knowl¬ edge, of every person belonging to such family in the various particulars required; and whoever shall willfully fail or refuse to render such true account shall be guilty 624 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in a sum not exceeding $100. And every president, treasurer, secretary, director, agent, or other officer of every corporation and every establishment of productive industry, whether con¬ ducted as a corporate body, limited liability company, or by private individuals, from which answer to any of the schedules, inquiries, or statistical interrogatories provided for by this order are herein required, who shall, if thereto requested by the Assistant Director, supervisor, enumerator, or special agent, willfully neglect or refuse to give true and complete answers to any inquiries authorized by this order, or shall willfully give false information, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic¬ tion thereof shall be fined not exceeding $3,000, to which may be added imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year. XVI. All fines and penalties imposed in this order shall be enforced by due legal process in courts of the first instance, or in the supreme courts of the provinces, according ^ the nature and degree of the offense; and they are hereby granted jurisdiction lor this purpose. XVII. The Director of the Census may authorize the expenditure of necessary sums for the traveling expenses of the officers and employees of the census and the incidental expenses essential to the carrying out of this order as herein provided for, and not otherwise, including the rental of the offices for the Assistant Director and supervisors of the census, and the furnishing thereof. XVIII. All mail matter of whatever class relative to the Cuban Census and addressed to the Director, Assistant Director, or any supervisor or enumerator of the census, and indorsed “Official Business, War Department, Cuban Census,” shall be transported free of postage; and all telegrams relative to the Cuban Census, sent or received by the officials aforesaid, shall be free of charge; and if any person shall make use of the postal and telegraph franking privileges herein granted to avoid the payment of postage or telegraph charges on a private message, letter, package, or other matter sent by mail or telegraph, the person so offending shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to a fine of $300. XIX. The Director of the Census is hereby authorized to print and bind such blanks, circulars, envelopes, and other items as may be necessary, and to tabulate, print, publish, and distribute the results of this census. XX. The expenses of taking the Cuban Census, including the pay and allowances of civil officials and employees, shall be paid from the revenues of Cuba, and the Military Governor of Cuba will nominate one of the disbursing officers of the army in each province to act as paymaster, who shall be provided with the necessary funds and who shall make disbursements in behalf of the Cuban Census, according to such instructions, and under such regulations, as may be prescribed by the Secre¬ tary of War. The names, rank, and stations of the officers so nominated will be communicated to tho Adjutant-General of the Army by the Military Governor of Cuba, and will be announced in War Department orders. XXI. The Military Governor of Cuba, the military and civil governors of the provinces, and all civil and military officers and employees will render such assistance to the Director, Assistant Director, supervisors, and enumerators of the Cuban Cen¬ sus as may be necessary to enable them to carry into effect the provisions of this order. Elihu Root, Secretary of War. APPENDICES II AND III. G25 APPENDIX II. W ar Department, Washington , August 24, 1899. I. The following-named officers, nominated by the Military Governor of Cuba, are appointed disbursing officers of the Cuban Census, and will be respected accordingly: Maj. William H. Miller, Quartermaster, U. S. A., province of Matanzas. Maj. James L. Wilson, IT. S. V., province of Habana. Capt. Charles H. Grierson, Tenth U. S. Cavalry, province of Santiago. Capt. Charles B. Vogdes, First U. S. Infantry, province of Dinar del Rio. Capt. W. N. Blow, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, province of Puerto Principe. • First Lieut. P. D. Lochridge, Second T T . S. Cavalry, province of Santa Clara. II. Disbursing officers will pay the compensation of the Assistant Director, super¬ visors, enumerators, interpreters, clerks, and employees of the Census; the rent of offices of Assistant Director and supervisors; the purchase or rental of office furniture; transportation and telegraph vouchers; the expenses of travel of officers and em¬ ployees as established by the Secretary of AVar, and such incidental expenses as may be authorized by the Director of the Census under Paragraph XA T I or of Paragraph XVII of the orders of the President for taking the Census of Cuba. III. In making expenditures and keeping their accounts disbursing officers will be governed by the rules and instructions applicable to the revenues of Cuba established by the President May 8 and promulgated by the War Department May 11, 1899: Provided , That the accounts of expenditures in behalf of the Cuban Census shall be kept separate from all other accounts and forwarded in this form to the Secretary of AA r ar. IV. Disbursing officers will be stationed in the capital cities of their respective provinces, and will communicate without delay with the supervisors of census also resident therein, and will give them such information as to preparing vouchers of expenditures and keeping their accounts as may be necessary to the prompt settle¬ ment of all indebtedness. Elihu Root, Secretary of War. APPENDIX III. W ar Department, Census of Cuba, Washington , 1). C ., January 23, 1900. Sir: I have the honor to report that having been appointed Assistant Director of the Cuban Census by the honorable Secretary of AVar on August 17, 1899, I entered upon the duties of the position on the date named and superintended the purchase, packing, and shipment from Washington, D. C., to Cuba of necessary supplies, con¬ sisting of furniture, stationery, blanks, etc., until August 27, 1899, when I started for Cuba, accompanied by my personal staff, who served with me zealously and efficiently throughout the entire work of taking the census. The gentlemen who accompanied me were A. ( E. Conover, principal clerk; I. A. Barnes, Spanish stenographer; and the following-named clerks: J. B. Spalding, D. G. Belt, W. L. Spalding, and R. C. Lappin. Upon arrival at Habana on August 30, 1899, temporary headquarters were imme¬ diately established in the palace of the Military Governor of Cuba, and the work of making a tentative subdivision of the island into enumeration districts was at once commenced, the six Cuban census supervisors being present and rendering such assistance as their personal knowledge of the geography and population of their respective provinces rendered possible. 24662-40 626 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. The entire absence of geographical and statistical data, and the impossibility of immediately securing the same, rendered the task of subdivision into enumeration districts an extremely difficult one; but the work was carried forward, use being made of such information as was at the time obtainable, and on September 14, 1899, the preliminary or tentative subdivision was completed, the result being the creation of 1,315 enumeration districts, divided among the six provinces of Cuba as follows: Pinar del Rio, 143; Habana, 356; Matanzas, 201; Santa Clara, 295; Puerto Principe, 84; Santiago de Cuba, 236. Upon the completion of the tentative subdivision of each province, the supervisor therefor at once repaired to the capital city thereof, where his headquarters were established, and, acting under detailed and definite instructions, carried forward the preparatory work of the census. The temporary office at Habana was closed September 14, 1899, and permanent headquarters were established on the following day at Santa Clara, the capital city of the province of Santa Clara. From there, supplies for taking the Census were sent to each supervisor, packed, wrapped, and labeled in such a way as to enable him immediately to distribute them to enumerators. By the 16th of October this work had been completed, the enumera¬ tors had been appointed and qualified, and each one had received the necessary blanks, materials, and instructions, so that on the date mentioned the work of enu¬ meration was commenced throughout the entire island, except in a very few cases in which short delays were unavoidable. In many cases as the work of the Census progressed it was found necessary to create new enumeration districts by subdividing such of those already created as were found to contain so large a population or to cover so great an extent of territory as to disable a single enumerator from completing his work within the required period, which expired on November 30, 1899. In a few instances, also, it was found necessary to consolidate certain districts because of population or geographical con¬ ditions. From time to time during the progress of the enumeration these changes were effected, with the result that on November 30, 1899, on which date the field work was completed, there were 1,607 enumeration districts, an increase of 292 over the number originally created prior to the commencement of the enumeration. These districts were divided among the six provinces of Cuba as follows: Pinar del Rio, 160; Havana, 366; Matanzas, 239; Santa Clara, 374; Puerto Principe, 135; San¬ tiago de Cuba, 333. The enumeration of a considerable number of these districts was finished before November 1. Every day during the month witnessed the conclusion of the labors of many of the enumerators, and by the close of the month a large majority had finished. Had proper geographical and statistical information been obtainable prior to the commencement of the field work, such a subdivision of the island into districts could have been made as would have enabled the entire work of enumera¬ tion to be easily completed within thirty days from its beginning. But within the time prescribed by the orders of the President it was entirely completed, and so well and so thoroughly as to reflect great credit both upon the enumerators and upon the supervisors under whose direction they were employed. The returns of the Cuban Census are fully and accurately made in a legible and intelligent manner, and compare favorably with those of any American Census, National or State. As rapidly as the enumerators delivered their work to their respective supervisors, it was scrutinized by the latter for the purpose of correcting errors or supplying omis¬ sions. The work was then forwarded by the supervisors to me at Santa Clara, where it was packed in ironbound cases for shipment to Washington. On January 7, 1900, the complete returns of the Census, together with myself, the supervisors, and the employees who accompanied me to Cuba, were taken on board APPENDIX IV. 627 the U. S. transport McPherson, at Cienfuegos, Cuba, en route for Washington, and on January 15 the Census personnel and property reached their destination. There were 142 women employed as enumerators in the Cuban Census, mostly in the provinces of Habana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara, and, without exception, they demonstrated the fact that Cuban women are as capable and reliable as the men. They all took great pride in their employment, and displayed a degree of skill and enthusiasm that was highly commendable. The success of the census, while primarily due to the industry and intelligence of the persons employed in taking it, has been largely promoted by the careful manner in which it was organized, the interest manifested in it by the people of Cuba, and their cordial cooperation and support from the beginning to the end. Very respectfully, Victor H. Olmsted, Assistant Director Cuban Census. Lieut. Col. J. P. Sanger, Inspector-General, Director of Cuban Census, Washington, D. C. APPENDIX IV. Census of Cuba, Office of the Supervisor, Habana Province, December 31, 1899. Sir: Upon the conclusion of the labors of the census of this province intrusted to me by the honorable Secretary of War of the United States, I take pleasure in com¬ plying with your request for a brief and concise report on said work, as well as a statement of all that I have observed during the period thereof. Believing that previous censuses had only served as a basis for increased taxation and new imposts, thus arousing as a natural consequence the passive resistance of the people and the consequent concealment of facts, I feared that I would encounter insurmountable difficulties in taking the census, but my fears disappeared in time, and I soon could see that the work undertaken would be crowned with success, as was the case. The prejudices of the people, from a political standpoint, with regard to the census were also great, but in a short time they were convinced of their error when the supervisor repeated to them the statements made by the Federal authorities at Washington and communicated to them the impressions brought from there. As a natural consequence there was a reaction, and with it came the unconditional sup¬ port of the entire press and the decided cooperation of the people, who now saw in the census nothing but a fundamental basis for the establishment in Cuba of the government which President McKinley intends to establish for the good of all. Upon my arrival at Habana, and in order to gain time and have this work in an advanced form when called upon, I devoted myself to securing the maps and data I required for the purpose. I was disappointed to find that neither the military authorities nor the civil authorities of Habana could give me any maps or data what¬ soever, except a map of the department of Habana, which was of no use at all to me, and a memorandum of the judicial districts of the city of Habana, with the respective wards and inhabitants, according to the last Spanish census of 1897. I was also able to secure from an employee of the department of state and of the interior an appendix to a work which it was publishing and which contained the civil division of this province; that is, the judicial and municipal districts, with their respective wards (barrios). But as the said appendix did not give the names and number of the wards com¬ posing the six judicial districts of the city of Habana, nor their limits, I was obliged 628 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. to request this information of the audiencia and of the supreme court, but was unsuc¬ cessful, as these two bodies could only give me the names of the wards and of por¬ tions of others which composed each judicial district, without giving me the bounds of said portions of wards. This rendered the work incomplete, and I was obliged to recommend to every enumerator that in enumerating his respective district he should ask the judge of first instance to what judicial district it belonged, in order thus to enter it properly in the schedules. As it was not possible for me, with the few data at my command, to do anything practical, * * * I wrote to all the mayors in the province, requesting them to send me such maps of their respective municipal districts as they might have, informing me at the same time of the towns and wards which composed them, stating the number of inhabitants, in their opinion, in order to facilitate the work of subdivision. Said mayors gladly furnished me the data requested. The maps I could not make use of, but I did make use of the other data, which 'were of service for the subdivision of the province into enumeration districts. With these data in my possession, which were all I could obtain, I devoted myself to dividing the city of Habana into enumeration districts, the limits of which were fixed and marked on the map I had for the purpose, always considering so far as possible the instructions to the effect that the city districts should not exceed 1,500 inhabitants. Habana never having been divided in this manner, there was no basis for an exact subdivision, and there being a great disparity between the number of inhabitants in each block, there was a difference between the districts, as you may have observed. For the districts in the suburbs, where there are no streets which can serve as limits, the subdivision was made by taking as a basis the probable num¬ ber of inhabitants, giving to each enumerator a small plan of Habana, on which his district was marked with red ink, in order to avoid confusion. For the subdivision of the municipal districts of the province I took the data given me by the respective mayors as a basis, making said subdivision in relation to the number of wards and inhabitants, and in the absence of maps I took care that the enumeration districts should always embrace entire wards, whose limits were known, being able in some towns to do something similar to what I did in the city of Habana. * * * In view of the short time remaining in which to begin the census, and considering what we still had to do and the large number of enumerators to instruct, I requested and obtained authority to appoint one instructing enumerator for every municipal district, who was to be instructed by me, and who in turn was to instruct the other enumerators. * * ***** In order to secure better results in the enumeration, I decided to go over the province in order to correct the division into districts and to appoint enumerators, selecting persons who should be not only intelligent but should also be acquainted with their respective districts? As the time at my disposal was short and it was impossible for me to go over the entire ground in person, I sent my secretary to visit a portion thereof, and do what was proper. The province, as you will recollect, was divided into 357 enumeration districts, two special districts having been created in Habana, one for the prison and peni¬ tentiary and another for the convents and religious associations, a woman being appointed for the latter. As a consequence of our visit to the province, 9 districts were abolished and 18 new ones were created, making a total of 366, according to the new corrected pamphlet I had tlie honor to send you. In order that the enumerators should not forget the limits of their respective dis- tricts, nor the data required by the population schedules, I ordered some slips printed which contained all this and which were delivered to each of them. SUPERVISORS AND ENUMERATORS, HABANA APPENDIX IV. 6 29 For a better arrangement of the work of the enumerators, and in order that the latter should not take more time than necessary, I ordered daily reports, which were to be forwarded to the office, giving the work done that day. In explanation of instructions from Washington for the enumerators and to facili¬ tate their work I ordered some additional instructions printed, a copy of which I had the pleasure of forwarding to you. In making the appointments of the enumerators I acted in accordance with the instructions I had for the purpose, and, recollecting what had been said with regard to the work of women in the last census of that country, I appointed 19 in this prov¬ ince, who gave satisfactory results. * * * Fearing that some of the enumerators had not thoroughly understood the instruc¬ tions given them and at the end of their enumeration the work would be deficient, and wishing to avoid this, I issued orders for them to forward to my office for exam¬ ination the work of the first two days, without interrupting the enumeration, so that I might retain in their positions those who had done the work well or had committed small errors only, easily corrected, and discharge without any remuneration whatso¬ ever those who had shown complete ignorance of the instructions. Fortunately only a few were discharged for this reason. The enumeration went on without drawbacks. The enumerators, animated by the best wishes for good results, surmounted the small difficulties they encountered in the discharge of their duties. I was informed that in some islets south of the province of Habana, inhabited before the war, there were some inhabitants. For the enumeration of these individ¬ uals I appointed an enumerator and hired a schooner. Making use of the same boat, the islands of Jardines and Jardinillos, belonging to the province of Santa Clara, were enumerated. For the enumeration of the foreign establishments in this province I was obliged to make use of six interpreters only for twenty-one days. In the enumeration of the convents some slight difficulty was encountered by reason of the refusal of the superiors to permit the enumerators to enter and take the data from each of the inmates. Being desirous that the census should not leave any¬ thing but agreeable recollections, I obtained from the bishop of Habana an order authorizing my enumerator, a woman, to enter the convents and take the civil names of their inmates and other necessary data, which was done. All the other elements of the population gladly assisted in the enumeration. Only the Chinese gave a little trouble by reason of their passive resistance in saying that “they did not know,” but with some difficulty, there being no Chinese interpreter, all were enumerated. * * * On November 27 the enumeration of the entire province was concluded, with the exception of district No. 324, to the south of the swamp of the Isle of Pines, which was concluded on the 29th. In order that no one should remain in my province without being enumerated, I published in the newspapers of this city a request that all persons who may not have been enumerated on account of absence or for any other reason should advise me thereof in order that I could send and have them recorded, although I was con¬ vinced that all the enumerators had done their duty. For this purpose I created a district which I called “Additional,” indicating in red ink at the right margin of the schedules the district of enumeration to which each entry referred, in order that in tabulating in Washington they could be placed with the districts to which they belonged. For this additional district I appointed an enumerator who had already served in the census. I must here mention that knowing that education would be an important factor for the destiny of this country, in instructing the enumerators I informed them that they should submit to a practical proof all persons who said they knew how to read 630 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. and write, calling their attention to the fact that if a man knew how to write his name it was not sufficient proof that he knew how to write, because there are many persons who can only write their names. However, on receiving your telegram on this subject I again reminded the enu¬ merators of what I had previously told them. * * * As the Director of the Census, when in this city, desired to verify some cases of individuals who appeared in the census as knowing how to read and write, and in order to be able to contradict any statement that might be made to the contrary on this point, I selected 25 or 30 cases in the different districts of this city and intrusted the verification to an enumerator having my confidence, whom I afterwards employed in the additional district. The verification agreed in all points with the enumeration previously effected. As the work arrived in my office it was examined, the small errors being cor¬ rected, and then forwarded to the assistant director. Before beginning the enumeration in this province, and taking into consideration the number of persons enumerated daily in the United States during the last census, I fixed for the enumerators of the city of Habana as well as of other cities a task of one hundred entries, more or less, being required to state the reason for not making more than seventy, in order that they should not use more time than necessary, as on the other hand they would get credit for three days of enumeration for two of work. This measure was not applied to the rural w T ards, by reason of the distances it is necessary to cover between each plantation and on account of the condition of the roads. But in any case they had to give the cause when the day’s work was less than usual. * * * In compliance with your instructions, I kept sending to the Assistant Director at Santa Clara the work of enumeration after it was corrected and examined, which I concluded doing on December 23. As I said before, it would not have been possible for me, with only my secretary and messenger, properly to attend to all the work which the labor required should it not have been, I repeat, for the spontaneous cooperation of many enumerators who worked in my office without any remuneration whatsoever, and to the fact that my secretary and myself dedicated to the census many days taken from our rest. I am perfectly satisfied with my enumerators and their work; all of them worked with real zeal and enthusiasm to have the work a success and to enjoy the satisfaction of having contributed with their grain of sand to raising the monument which is to serve as a basis for the future destiny of our country. The enumerators in the country, besides having to encounter, as all those of the towns, the small natural difficulties in this kind of work, were inconvenienced with the scarcity of horses in the country, some of them being obliged to hire them at $2 to $2.50 per day. Fortunately, the rainy season this year was not so abundant as it generally was, thus making the journeys of the enumerators less difficult. I say the same with regard to the female enumerators, who relatively did the work better than the men, because it is to be taken into consideration that the Spanish Government never having wished to give to the Cuban woman any participation what¬ soever in public positions, although they were sufficiently intelligent and instructed therefor, as they have proven in this case, they found themselves, as was natural, in fear of not being able to perform their duty well, because this work was com¬ pletely different from the duties which up to this time they had been engaged in. In the census they have proven that they are capable of any office proper for their sex. I hope, as the Director of the Census told them, that this will serve as an encouragement for making use of their services in other offices. In the formation of the census of this province I also carefully studied the admin¬ istrative part in order to make it as economical as possible. My attempts have been APPENDIX V. 631 crowned with success, because, according to the information furnished by the pay¬ master of this province, which agrees with my accounts, only about $36,000 have been spent altogether, which I understand is one-third of what was estimated. My relations with said paymaster, Maj. James E. Wilson, have been very agree¬ able, as he did all that he could to prevent delay in the payments and trouble for the enumerators in the collection of their accounts. Special mention must be made of the fact that the newspapers of this city, prin¬ cipally La Lucha, La Discusion, and El Diario gladly, without charge, published all the instructions to the enumerators which it was necessary to publish before and during the time of the enumeration, and that they also dispelled any doubts that the people might have with regard to the census, thus contributing to a better success of the work. • Before concluding I wish to state, although it may injure the modesty of thfe Assistant Director of the Census, that the success of taking the census is due in great part to the great knowledge possessed by him, to his activity in the discharge of his duties as Assistant Director, and to the precision and clearness with which he always answered the doubts and consultations submitted to him during the course of the work. Yours, etc., Manuel Rasco, Supervisor of the Census in the Province of Habana. The Director of the Census of Cuba, Washington , T>. C. (Through the Assistant Director.) APPENDIX V. Census of Cuba, Office of the Supervisor, Matanzas, Cuba , December 20, 1899. Sir: It is a difficult task for me to comply with superior orders in the midst of the complicated and varied works of the census and faithfully remember the many details of the work which was so kindly placed in my hands and which I have so unworthily concluded; difficult also by reason of the absence of intellectual gifts, which I have always been obliged to supply with the intention and especially with the activity and the wish to succeed. From the time we were given our orders in Washington I understood that I had the good fortune of receiving the easiest of the provinces; that having the most ample means of communication, the success depended on the personnel that I should select. Thus it was that I went over names and names in my mind for the selection of a secretary ad hoc, who should be diligent, acquainted with office work, very prudent, and who should, together with a clear intelligence, combine the honesty and the enthusiasm necessary properly to direct the work of the office. I analyzed and rejected man after man until, upon the recommendation of an illustrious Cuban residing in Washington, whose name alone is a “gem of glory,” caused me to decide in favor of Mr. Tomas Cordona, with whom I was not acquainted, and whose merits were so opportunely expounded to me. The results obtained, with the cooperation of so methodical, intelligent, and honest an employee, have surpassed all expectations. * * * * * * * Later came the study of maps and plans, the calculation of the population, the examination of the last census, the examination of the rural wealth, and finally the election of the personnel of the enumerators and the division of the province into enumeration districts upon the basis of the last deficient census and the few and 632 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. very inexact plans of the province. This delicate work, which required a minute study and an exact calculation, had to be done in a very short period and therefore contained defects which later, when put into practice, were noticeable. The distri¬ bution of enumerators having been made on the basis of one enumerator for every 1,000 inhabitants in the rural districts and 1,500 in the urban districts, as shown by the last census, was found to be erroneous, owing to the mortality caused by the war and reconcentration. Districts which before the war contained the said number were found to contain not more than 400, and other districts which were considered as not having many inhabitants were found to have many more than the number set. But there was another phenomenon which was not taken into consideration and which was the cause of error in the distribution. In the same locality there had been a transfusion of inhabitants, the density of the population passing from one point to another. Very densely populated wards, which were considered centers of population, are deserted, and in others the towns have increased in population to such an extent that in order to conclude their enumeration within the period fixed it was necessary to assign two assistants to them. The same change has taken place in the rural districts. The enumerators were surprised to find many residents in forests which were previously unpopulated or in valleys formerly uncultivated. * * * Afterwards came tiresome days, the recollection of which saddens the spirit. Lines of applicants, an endless string of candidates for the positions of enumerators, of all classes, all abilities, with recommendations from prominent persons and close friends, invading the residence of the supervisor without suspense, without letting him rest, with endless supplications; men and women wishing to work, seeking through honest work the manner of supplying their necessities. * * * Only those who have been in similar situations can judge of the amount and character of the sufferings. After the list had been made of those who were to serve in the city, it was necessary to go to other municipal districts in order better to make the appointment of the enumerators. I therefore determined to visit the province and to collect in each municipality the plans, topographical divisions, and the limits of every district and ward. Some days before I had forwarded a circular to the mayors, requesting them to furnish me said information, which, however, was deficient. I left this city at 6 o’clock a. m. on the 12th of September for La Cidra, a town in the municipality of Santa Ana. I was received by the mayor and some aldermen who had the plans of the district and of the town with their limits and the names of the persons who, in their opinion, should be the enumerators of those districts. * * * We left Cidra for Sabanilla, which is the seat of the municipality. I there made and modified the plan of the district and obtained a very good copy from a resident, which he presented to me. The mayor and some of the aldermen of the municipality indicated the. persons who should make the enumeration of the districts. I selected a young lady, Etel- vina Sanchez, the daughter of a teacher and herself a teacher, to instruct the other enumerators, being very intelligent and active. At every station at which I stopped I telegraphed to the mayor of the next one, requesting him to meet me, together with persons well acquainted with the locality. This facilitated my work and at the same time gave me an opportunity to address them with a view to exciting their favorable interest in the census, without taking into consideration the important data I received from the old residents of each locality. In the town of Cabezas 1 made the plan of the district. I divided it into wards, calculated the population, and received very valuable information. From there, through tin 1 kindness of tin* manager of the railroad, I proceeded to SUPERVISORS AND ENUMERATORS, MATANZAS. APPENDIX V. 633 Union. The mayor, the secretary, the director of the public school, and others met me. On the 13th I left this town for Alacranes. The distance between the two towns is short, and my stay in Alacranes was pleas¬ ant and beneficial. The limits of the district and of the wards I obtained with sufficient exactness and wealth of details. On my return to Union I stopped at Bolondron. In a short time, thanks to the kindness of all the persons around me, I accomplished my desires and the end of my visit. Four young ladies were appointed enumerators. At 12 o’clock I arrived, at Macurijes, and at 1 I returned to Navajas, from which town there is a branch running through a sugar region of much importance, with its terminus at Jaguey. I passed the night in the latter town. The selection of an enumerator to take charge of the northern portion of the Zapata swamp was troubling me very much, by reason of the difficulties and dangers attending the undertaking and by the fear that the enumeration would be unsuccess¬ ful, but the kind mayor of that district, Mr. Galvez, furnished me an athlete, the man I required. Sixto Agramonte, well acquainted with those places, offered to minutely register the islets of solid land existing there and to enumerate the persons living in the same. The rest of the enumerators were indicated to me, and with a memorandum of the same and of the limits of the wards, the plan of the district and that of the city, I proceeded on the 14th instant to Cuevitas. Here, as was the case in Jaguey, I found the work prepared, receiving a plan which I owe to the kindness of the teacher of that town, Mr. Gabriel Faget, and a large amount of important data relating to the district and its limits. With this informa¬ tion and with a memorandum of the enumerators, I returned to Matanzas, in order to continue my work the next day in another direction and on a different subject. The first municipality which I visited was that of Guamacaro, the seat of which is Limonar. Mr. Grave de Peralta is the mayor of this town. I have nothing but gratitude for his efforts to comply with my wishes. I there appointed a young lady, who applied to enumerate the rural ward of Coliseo, and who, without fearing the work or difficulties, promised to visit the estates situated in said district. The name of this young lady is Antonia de Leon. She is the teacher of that ward, and com¬ bines with a clear intellect an agreeable nature and great firmness. The result obtained proves that my hopes were not vain. Miss Leon, going through oceans of weeds which here covered the roads, over ground covered with brambles, fording rivers, and during rain storms, has not omitted to visit one single piece of ground nor to enumerate one single resident. On the 16th I visited the town of Jovellanos. A select body of residents was awaiting me in the town hall. I conversed several hours with them on the impor¬ tance of the census and on its transcendency. In the morning of the following day the secretary of the municipal council, in the name of the municipal mayor and some respectable residents, made the selection of the enumerators, and with few agreeable impressions I continued to Carlos Eojas, formerly called Cimarrones. My stay here was short by reason of the combination of trains, but of advantage on account of the data I collected. On the same day I preceded to Cardenas. My first visit was to the learned physician who fills the office of mayor. With the kindness that characterizes him he introduced me to practical persons, well acquainted with the locality, who gave me the dividing lines of the wards and of the district. To their good judgment do I owe the brilliant corps of enumerators who have worked so competently as well as actively. lie also indicated to me the enumerators to visit the islets near the northern coast of the province of Matanzas, as well as some situ¬ ated farther out. In order to finish my trip sooner, I requested and obtained from the manager of the railroad of Cardenas and Jucaro an express train to take me overall its lines, and thus in a short time visit the municipalities remaining. In this manner I visited the 634 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. towns of Hato Nuevo, Recreo, and San Jose, where I passed the night, proceeding the next day to Macagua and Colon for the same purpose; that is, the correction of plans, the making of others, the bounding of the wards, and the appointment of enumerators. Colon being a town with quite a large population, of some culture, required a vi~it of greater length. The most prominent people met me and were my guides in the determination of the limits of the wards. On the following day, the 18th, I touched at Manguito (the seat of the municipal¬ ity of Palmillas), El Roque, and El Perico, where I spent the night, returning to Matanzas on the afternoon of the 19th. The 201 enumerators of the province were thus appointed, after being examined as to their handwriting and references which they submitted as to their fitness. The Cuban woman occupied an honorable place among them. Fifty-four were selected, distributed in the following manner: Two in Guamaxaro, 17 in Matanzas, 8 in Cardenas, 2 in Carlos Rojas, 1 in Guamitas, 2 in Jovellanos, 2 in Alacranes, 4 in Bolondron, 1 in Cabezas, 2 in Union, 1 in Sabanilla, 2 in Colon, 1 in Cuevitas, 2 in Macuriges, 2 in Palmillas, 1 in Perico, 1 in El Roque, and 3 in San Jose de los Ramos. The Cuban woman, a model in her home, who, as a wife, daughter, and mother, exceeds all women in virtue, is not accustomed to public offices and had never been obliged to battle for existence, excepting in hand work, sewing, and in work which was connected with her family. But she has shown herself in this province as pure, industrious, and intelligent, incapable of any falsehood, or of any ignoble action, and has fulfilled her duty and followed the instructions exactly and with greater faithfulness than the men. Lacking confi¬ dence in her qualifications, she exceeded the work and study required, preferring to sacrifice herself to truth, honor, and justice. I have seen her after a rainy day, after having worked eight or ten hours, come to this office and apologize for not having enu¬ merated more than 80 persons, fearing a reprimand or punishment. At other times she has come trembling to request an opinion on a matter of conscience which troubled her. One active, intelligent, and industrious little girl was very disconso¬ late because she had not enumerated a small colored child she had not seen in her visit to a residence and which had been involuntarily omitted in the statement of a family, and of whom she had been informed in another house. On the other hand, what obedience to the orders of the chief who is exacting in his demands, how minute in the details, and how attentive and discreet! If one became discouraged, a word of praise was sufficient for her to return, faithfully to collect the data. With what goodness and sweetness they bore harsh answers, or unpleasant words, without mak¬ ing use of violent means. While the census was being taken, the military authorities ordered the destruction of the Indian huts around the town as a hygienic measure. I feared that the families who were living in them would distribute themselves around the town and that many would not be enumerated. I immediately applied to Captain (Major) Cartwright and was fortunate in obtaining an extension of two days in which to conclude the enumeration. I ordered the female enumerators to abandon work in the center of their districts and devote themselves to recording all the persons who were about to move. And although it was blowing from the north, the rainstorms frequent, and the huts were situated at a distance and among the most inaccessible hills surround¬ ing the’city, nothing was considered an obstacle—nothing detained them. The work was concluded in one day and a half, and they came to inform me with a smile on their lips, and with the greatest satisfaction, that they had complied with my orders. And what I have said about the young ladies of Matanzas I wish to say of all the female enumerators of the province, without excepting anyone, because all of them have fulfilled my wishes. They devoted all their efforts and faculties to the work, and they have my greatest gratitude. I must state to the honor of all, that I have received moral and material support APPENDIX V. 635 from each and every authority, Cuban as well as American, commencing with the cul¬ tured and talented General Wilson, to whom I owe so many undeserved attentions I shall never be able to thank him for, and the intelligent Gen. Pedro E. Betancourt, civil governor, down to the mayors and the last employees of the administration. They have all complied with my wishes and would have satisfied the most exacting ones. All have demonstrated their wishes for the census and all of them have made the work intrusted to me easy and simple. ******* The latter half of the month of September was devoted to the preparation of the instructors or chiefs of the districts. There were twenty-two of them, to whom I devoted three to four hours of instruction daily, explaining to them not only the schedules, but the importance of their duties and the manner of effecting the direc¬ tion of the enumerators whom they were to have under their direction and instruc¬ tion. I selected three young ladies among them, of whom I shall speak later on. All of them attended and demonstrated the greatest desire to acquire the indispen¬ sable knowledge. The method I pursued from the beginning was to require them to fill schedules 1, 2, and 3 with the most difficult cases, with institutions, agricultural schedules in towns, in abandoned estates, in estates the ownership of which was doubtful, in private and public schools, with the most minute details, in order that the instruction they were to give should be as exact as possible. I devoted the time from the 1st to the 15th of October to the enumerators. I formed three groups— that of the morning from 7 to 10 for the ladies; from 2 to 4.30 for the older men, and the evening for the younger men. It is a fact that during this time I did not have to reproach anyone. The desire of emulation which I awoke in all produced notable results. For many days it amused me to hear the discussions they brought up among themselves, submitting the most varied and difficult cases for solution. The personnel selected was so good that I understood that to them and to them only would the success of the census be due if success were attained. The short time remaining of the day I devoted to the transmission and preparation of the plans and maps. I owe thanks to the corps of American engineers, who gladly furnished me the blue prints and copies within the shortest period possible and with the greatest correctness. In this manner within a few days I was able to indicate the districts in colors in the cities, divide the districts, indicate those of the province, and number them all. It was my wish, which I obtained, that every enumerator should have a detailed plan of his district, with a statement of the limits, and a copy, which I had already obtained of the municipalities, of the estates situated within said districts. In this manner the work was facilitated greatly, and with a little good will an exact enumeration could be obtained. On the 14th of October I issued an order that all the enumerators should be at the posts and that the instructors should communicate their instructions to two or more substitutes, providing for any case of illness or death, so that the census should not be disturbed. This measure was very good, because in many cases it was necessary to apply to the substitutes by reason of resignations, illness, or other accidents. On October 16, the date fixed in the promulgation of the President, the work was begun in the entire province, the instructors informing me that night that the enumeration had begun without any occurrence of importance. In order to give method and order to the enumeration, I requested that the instructors send me every five days, by telegraph, a resume of the work of the enumerators, in houses, inhabitants, estates, and animals; the details being forwarded to me by mail. This system allowed me to keep the Assistant Director posted as to the progress of the census, informing him every five days of the work done. It is not strange, nor did it affect the organization or structure of the work, that some districts arrived late and were not included in the resume, because being at a distance from the centers of communi¬ cation, the information could not be forwarded on a fixed day to the instructor. This 636 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. is what happened with district No. 96 of the islets, and No. 19 of Palmillas, and others. It was also the duty of every enumerator to forward the schedules in this period in order to collect them in this office and avoid losses, deteriorations, or accidents. * * * The prevalence of a cyclone at that time troubled me, because it interfered with the enumeration, preventing work in some localities by reason of the rising of rivers, and interrupting it in the urban districts in such manner that it was not possible to get more than 25 to 30 names per day. Fortunately this accident was of short duration and the census was enabled to continue its normal progress. But the necessity for the waterproof portfolios became evident. They had not arrived from the United States and the enumerators were clamoring for them incessantly. These did not arrive until the 26th of October, being distributed to the enumerators the two following. ******* I take pleasure in stating that all the instructors showed a competency and fitness not very common and more than the necessary activity, fulfilling the instructions contained in the different circulars that I sent them. The personnel also obeyed instructions, and without any obstacle whatsover they complied with all the orders which I or the office of the Assistant Director issued. But special mention is deserved by Miss Maria Nunez, of Cardenas, who, having 20 enumerators under her orders, was a model of zeal, expertness, intelligence, and activity. It affords me pride to mention the four Cuban young ladies who as instructors have given me the high opinion I have of the value of the Cuban woman. The said Miss Nunez, as well as Misses Etelvina Sanchez, Rorrario Rodriguez, and Rosa Ybarra, never had to be reminded of their duties. I had sent several circulars to the instructors, all of which had been zealously and discreetly complied with. The circular of October 9, 1899, is as follows: “Matanzas, October 9 , 1899 . “To the Instructor Enumerator. “Dear Sir: I beg of you to take the following remarks into consideration: “1. You must every three days give me an account of the enumerators and sub¬ stitutes who are working and those who do not do so on account of negligence. “2. You must see that the enumerators fill blanks of each class before you and under your direction, suspending one from the census to enumerate an institution and return him to the census with the proper number. “3. Inform them that every five days they must give an account of the enumera¬ tion of persons and estates, and every eight to ten days forward the schedules. “4. That in all their acts they observe the exactness, politeness, and prudence which has been recommended. “5. That each one get information in his district of the mines existing in the same (well defined), their location, owner, kind of mineral, and its analysis, if possible. “6. You must prepare two substitute enumerators for cases of death, sickness, or resignations, in order that the work be not interrupted in any case. “ 7. Arrange two sessions per day, from 7 to 9 in the morning and from 7 to 9 in the evening, for preparation and instruction.” The object of the second circular was to compare the data of each of the instructors with the daily reports of the enumerators, in order to make the payments for October. It was as follows: “ In order to prepare the lists which are to be presented for the payment of enu¬ merators, you will please keep an account current with each enumerator, including yourself, in which shall be stated the full days of work, the days lost, the reasons therefor, and also stating the hours lost through negligence or similar reason, for the purpose of deducting the time lost from the salary.. All of the above you will certify to. You will mail said data on the 31st instant, upon the conclusion of the work. APPENDIX V. 637 “At the same time I recommend to you to forward, as ordered, the work done, carefully rolled in tubes or placed in pasteboard boxes, in order that they may not be damaged. You may make use of the outside of the official envelopes I sent you for the wrapper of the boxes or tubes, duly registered, and taking a receipt for the same.” The paymaster having consented to a trip through the province for the payment of the enumerators, I applied to the two railroad companies of Matanzas and Carde¬ nas, requesting to be furnished with an express train, permitting us to do the work in the shortest possible time. 1 But there was another advantage in this trip; the labor of the enumerators was verified by the rolls, and the trip through all the dis¬ tricts enabled me to collect the rolls in boxes prepared for the purpose, arriving at this city without being damaged at all. Fearing that some of the large districts would not be concluded at the proper time, I saw myself obliged to send the following order to the instructors: “ November 8, 1899. “The law issued for the taking of the census of Cuba requiring that said census be concluded the 30th of November, without delay nor pretext of any kind, I espe¬ cially request you to inquire of the enumerators of those districts whether they will be able to conclude the enumeration of the same before the said date, in order to name all the assistants necessary in a contrary case. “I recommend to you also that you request the enumerators, upon the conclusion of the enumeration of their districts, that they go over it lightly again for the pur¬ pose of assuring themselves that no estate, house, or person has escaped enumeration.” The result was the creation of 37 new districts, which were filled by enumerators who had concluded the enumeration of their own districts. On the 28th I received a telegram from the last enumerator of the province, who worked to that day, Aurelio Andreu, of the ward of Calimete with 3,300 inhabitants and almost 300 estates. In the afternoon of the same day I was able to communicate to the Assistant Director that the work of taking the census in my province had concluded. During the following days—that is, during the first ten days of December—the time was devoted to the examination, revision, and arrangement of the schedules, and to the payment of the salaries of the enumerators, as they were declared correct by me. In this labor I was disinterestedly and enthusiastically assisted by the instructor of Cardenas, Miss Maria Nunez, a model of intelligence and activity; Asuncion Garcia, enumerator of Limonar; Maria Josefa Herrera, of Matanzas; Clarissa Roig, of Union; the instructor of Colon, Julian Romero, appointed assistant with the daily salary of $3; Eduardo Garcia, Jose Sanchez Guiros, and others. All have sacrificed themselves with the greatest kindness in order to please me. On the 15th I forwarded the first box of schedules to Santa Clara, and day by day I have continued sending all the work, until the conclusion of my mission. Before concluding I must make mention of two enumerators who, on account of the daring work done and the difficulties encountered, are worthy of recollection: Francisco Mari, the enumerator of the islets, and Sixto Agramonte, of the swamp. The former, a cultured and educated young man, has condensed the incidents of his voyages in a small report. I do not wish to take the merit of his description, for which reason I attach it hereto. The diary of Sixto Agramonte is so interesting that it also forms part of this report. Therein will be seen the efforts made for patriotism only. And I say for patriotism, J This request was granted by Senor Manuel Diaz, general manager of the Railroad of Matanzas, and by Senor Antonio Yribe, general manager of the Cardenas and Jucaro Railroad, 638 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. because the salary of $5 per day does not cover the expenses he has incurred to ful¬ fill his duty. It only remains for me to request every person reading or hearing this report, that what there is or is found to be good in .the work of taking the census be credited, in the first place, to the excellent personnel engaged thereon, and in the second to the splendid management of the Assistant Director. Fearing that many persons would remain without being enumerated, notwith¬ standing the additional schedule made by the enumerators after concluding their districts, I had the following notice published in the newspapers of this city and of Cardenas: ‘ ‘ As the date is approaching on which the census of this province must be con¬ cluded, and as the case may have occurred that some residents thereof have not been enumerated, by reason of change of domicile or other circumstance of a similar char¬ acter, within the period fixed for the enumeration, this means is taken to request all those who have not been included in the census to come to this office, Jovellanos 22 altos, during office hours, where they will be entered in the special schedules which have been opened for this purpose in these offices.’’ Sixteen persons appeared to be recorded, and in a portfolio, with the title “Mis¬ cellaneous,” ordered by the Assistant Director, it has been forwarded to Santa Clara. Claudio Dumas, Supervisor of the Census. The Director of the Census of Cuba, Washington, D. C. (Through the Assistant Director.) APPENDIX VI. Census of Cuba, Office of the Supervisor, Pinar del Rio Province, December 26, 1899. Sir: Having concluded my delicate mission of taking a census of this province, to which work I have devoted all my efforts, it is my duty to give the Government of the United States, under whose direction the census has been taken, an idea of the difficulties which have had to be surmounted by the enumerators in the fulfillment of the duty intrusted to them, as well as those encountered by me in my work. In order to appreciate the reality it would be necessary to go over the ground cov¬ ered by the heroic enumerators of this province. My pen is not equal to the task of narrating in a proper manner the thousand incidents of the work done here, where Spanish domination gloried in its iniquitous conduct, leaving the people in the great¬ est ignorance, and refusing to give the suffering and honest inhabitants of Vuelta Abajo means of communication. There are few roads which can be called such, nor are there any bridges over the innumerable rivers and brooks which abound in the fertile ground of this rich portion of Cuba. I shall not detain you with a statement of the obstacles which I encountered in the preliminary work of my office. It is sufficient to say that there exist no post- offices in some municipal districts, it being necessary in order to communicate with Mantua to go via Habana to Los Arroyos in a steamer, and from there by means of private carriers; and with San Diego de Nunez by sea in boats from Mariel to Carenero, with loss of time, which was short even for localities easily reached, by rea¬ son of the order of the government to conclude on the 30th of November last. I will confine myself to the work of enumeration. It was begun on the 16th of October, during a rain storm which lasted several days Wh SUPERVISORS AND ENUMERATORS, PINAR DEL RIO. APPENDIX VI. 639 in most of the districts of the province, the passes being rendered impassable on account of the rising of the rivers and creeks, and the roads deplorable to such an extent that some enumerators were thrown from their horses, some being injured and others rendering some of the material useless. The enumerator of the Cape of San Antonio, Mr. Buenaventura Gonzalez, fell into a pool and sank up to his chest, coming out without his shoes, and being obliged to walk barefoot 3 leagues over very rough ground in order to reach a habitation. The enumerator of Vinales, Mr. Ricardo Ramat, on the afternoon of the 16th of October, on going down a hill, had the misfortune to break the girth of the saddle, and the mule on which he was mounted shying, threw him on some stones, causing him serious bruises which obliged him to remain in bed for ten days; but firm in his pur¬ pose of fulfilling the work intrusted to him, as soon as he was able to leave his bed he continued his work, concluding it to my satisfaction. Others did the work while suffering from malarial fevers; and Mr. Antonio Valdez, of Las Ivas, had no horse, but being decided to fulfill his duty even though at the cost of his health and life, he did the work on foot in a radius of over 8 leagues. The sufferings and hardships borne by all the enumerators of the rural portions of this province would make a book, were it possible to narrate them. The irregularities of the ground, the com¬ plete obstruction of the old country roads, the struggles with the ignorance of the country peasants, victims of the machinations and cupidity of the last administra¬ tion, the bad weather and the limited period in which to conclude the work, show great bravery on the part of the enumerators, who worked not so much for the remu¬ neration (which was insufficient in the country to cover expenses), but by reason of personal friendship for the undersigned, ambition, and patriotism. The following fact will give an idea of the correctness of the census taken in this province: Mr. Miguel de Lazaro, in examining the corners of his district as chief enumerator of Vinales, discovered a small tobacco plantation in the “Sierra de los Organos,” which, belonging to the district of Baja (Mantua), could not be reached from his side; he informed me of the circumstances in order that I might decide what should be proper. As a person having special qualifications, I appointed Mr. Enrique Montoto, who had been in the Army of Liberation, who, on the conclusion of his work told me: “During the revolution I did not suffer any greater hardships than those I have borne in the enumeration of the ‘Sierra Derrumbada’; it was only to keep my word given to you that I concluded this difficult work.” I would never conclude were it possible to narrate all the incidents which occurred to these heroes of the Cuban census in the fulfillment of their duty; but I must say that they have given proof of the fact that under an honest and well-understood administration the Cubans have the capacity and conditions to carry out any work, no matter how difficult and dangerous it may be. The noble words of the honorable Secretary of War, repeated by me to each and every one of the enumerators, that “The census is the basis of our self-government,” encouraged them to carry out a work in so short a period of time with laudable cleanliness in its form, and of undoubted truth. And I can not conclude without mentioning my secretary, Mr. Luis F. Jomarron, and my messenger, my son, Jose Ricardo, who in their respective positions have assisted me wonderfully in all my labors, sharing with me their excess by reason of the lack of sufficient employees in the office, which forced us to sacrifice to work a good many hours which should have been hours of rest. Let the Government judge by the facts whether I have complied with my duty conscientiously and honestly. Very respectfully, Pedro N. Pequeno, Supervisor of the Census of Cuba. The Director of the Census, Washington , D. C. (Through the Assistant Director.) 640 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. APPENDIX VII. Office of the Supervisor, Province of Puerto Principe, December 25, 1899. Sir: The arduous, difficult, and most important work of taking the census in the province of Puerto Principe having been concluded, I take pleasure in complying with a very natural duty and with your order, forwarded to me by Mr. Victor H. Olmsted, Assistant Director of the Census of Cuba, relating in the best manner pos¬ sible, and making use of all my faculties as well as devoting all my attention thereto, the important incidents and difficulties I have encountered in the task intrusted to me; a recollection, furthermore, which I shall always preserve and which all the natives of this country will be glad to know. On the 22d of July of this year I was appointed, a high honor being conferred upon me, supervisor of the census of Cuba in the province of Puerto Principe, being given at the same time an order to report in Washington on the 10th of August of the same year, an order which I complied with, and where I joined my colleagues, the supervisors of the other provinces. I remained in Washington until the night of the 19th of August, when I left for Habana. During my stay in Washington I was fully convinced of the importance of the work which was intrusted to us, of the extensive, minute, and serious study which it was desired to make of my country for future purposes, which proved in a concrete and irrevocable manner the good intentions of the Government toward this adventurous country, on which the great North American nation placed its foot from sentiments of humanity and from incom¬ parable and undoubted love of progress, civilization, and liberty, which is the reli¬ gion of all great countries. * * * I received the instructions given us with great eagerness; I devoted all my intel¬ lectual powers of retention to the study of the work intrusted to me, to an analysis of the statistics, searching for the greatest exactness, I would have to submit, and on the 26th, in possession of the true intentions of the Government, I reported to the assistant director at Habana, in order to carry out the most necessary measure for taking the census, that is, the subdivision of my province into districts of enumeration. Mr. Olmsted, as well as all the supervisors, immediately encountered great dif¬ ficulties, which, in order to surmount, required us to devote ourselves continuously and carefully to the study of the question, said difficulties consisting in the absence of official data for making said subdivision. The plans were deficient; we could not make use of anything of the censuses taken years ago by the Spanish Government, which were full of deficiencies, incomplete, and irregular, having been taken under entirely different methods than those prepared by the Government of Washington for this census, which really is the first census of Cuba. In this condition of affairs I received some, but very few, data by telegraph, and without making a final subdi¬ vision 84 enumeration districts were established, with authority to increase or reduce this subdivision according to the requirements of my province after the work was begun. This subdivision, in my opinion, needed the supervision of an expert, because the enumerators could not enumerate their districts unless they were given such natural and exact limits as would avoid confusion and duplication in the census and other perturbations to the prejudice of the supervisor and in general to the census. In view also of the lack of means of communication in my province, and fearing that this lack would redound to the prejudice of a good supervisorship in the taking of the census, 1 requested, together with the other supervisors who were situated as I was, that authority be granted to appoint an enumerator in the seat of the munici¬ pal districts, who, properly instructed by the supervisors, should instruct the enu- SUPERVISORS AND ENUMERATORS, PUERTO PRINCIPE. APPENDIX VII. 641 tnerators of their respective district, which enumerators should begin to draw their salary of $5 per day from the 1st of October. On the 30th of August, and making use of the powers granted me by the Secretary of War, I appointed Mr. Marquez Sterling secretary of my office, having begun to make use of his services from said date, he having taken his oath of office in the presence of Mr. Olmsted in his provisional offices. After the preliminary work had been done with Mr. Olmsted, and being perfectly satisfied and pleased with the intelligence and attention shown by Mr. Olmsted in attending to all the requirements of my district, I left Habana, together with my secretary, on the 11th of September, opening my offices on the 15th of the same month, although encountering the difficulty of the lack of materials which arrived here much later, and beginning without delay the preparations for taking the census. To study the limits of my province, tc telegraph Mr. Olmsted for authority to employ an expert to take charge of the division of the districts, was my first act, and upon receiving authorization, I appointed Mr. Manuel P. Cadenas, Avho’ made the plans of each municipal district divided into enumeration districts, which plans are in the possession of Mr. Olmsted. But immediately thereafter I encountered the first difficulty: The division made in Habana did not cover the requirements of my province for the taking of the census, and according to a calculation which we made, the enumerators would be obliged to go over very large tracts of gromid every day without rest in the rural districts. I was obliged to create 132 enumeration dis¬ tricts, with which I calculated I would be able to conclude the taking of the census on November 30, as I had been ordered to do. According to paragraph VIII of theorder of the 19th of August, the enumeration districts were not to exceed 1,500 inhabitants in the town districts and 1,000 in the rural districts. In my province this could not be carried out. * * * As a legitimate consequence of the last revolution, a calculation with regard to the number of inhabitants in enumeration districts was impossible, because there are localities which before the war were populated and which, are at the present time completely abandoned, and, on the other hand, some localities are densely populated which before the war had small settlements. These considerations forced me to divide the province into 132 districts, it being readily observed that in the town districts I could reduce the number of enumerators which, on the other hand, I increased in greater proportion in the rural districts. The previous census could not be taken as a basis for a division into enumeration districts, nor to calculate the work which was given to each enumerator. * * * Placing myself in telegraphic communication with the municipal mayors, I obtained the limits of the municipal districts, and the names of the wards which composed each district. I afterwards noticed that in the map given me for the purpose the limits of the province were not correct, because of the limits given the province of Santiago de Cuba. * * * ‘This was acknowledged by the Assistant Director and by Mr. Sabas Meneses, supervisor of the census of Santiago de Cuba. This point having been cleared up at my request, confusion and duplications in the census were avoided. Upon the conclusion of these questions, and it being necessary for me to devote myself to the preparation of enumerators and to the proper distribution of the districts among them, * * * I had explanatory charts of th*e districts made for delivery to the respective enumerators, the work of which, in its mechanical part, was done by Messrs. Jose Garcini, Manuel Breton, Gonzalo Agosto, Eugenio Loret de Mola, Emilio Torres, Alonso Martinez, and Miguel Cabrera, who gave their services without remuneration, although later they were allowed $3 per day, which I requested of Mr. Olmsted in a spirit of justice, and which was duly authorized by you. Three copies were made of these charts, a tedious and long 24662 - 41 642 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. work; one, in order to be able to give each enumerator his respective chart; another to be kept in this office, and the third to be forwarded to the Assistant Director, with the plans of each municipal district, made by the expert, Mr. Manuel Cadenas, as I stated before, and which plans show the enumeration districts at a glance. The plans as well as the charts being incorrect on account of the deficiency in the official data furnished, I required the rural enumerators to make a report of the estates they enumerated, with their respective limits, which data I have the honor of placing at your disposal, should you consider it useful or necessary, and which I do not inclose because it has not been requested of me. I then immediately proceeded with the appointment of the instructors or monitor enumerators of the municipal districts, with the exception of that of Puerto Principe, where none was necessary, by reason of the supervisor’s office being situated there Municipal district of Nuevitas, Jose Garcini. Municipal district of Moron, Jose Masdival. Municipal district of Ciego de Avila, Ulpiano Rodriguez. Municipal district of Santa Cruz, J. Antonio Miranda. Properly instructed, they left for the seats of their districts, and then I proceeded with the instruction of the enumerators of this district and with the selection of those best qualified for the discharge of the duties. In these appointments it was necessary to take into consideration that all the residents of the districts did not possess the required qualifications, and those who did possess them were not always disposed to abandon their positions or private business to fill the position of enumerator. This difficulty being surmounted in the best manner possible, the task of instruc¬ tion was arduous, tedious, and incessant. The office of the supervisor remained open until 10 or 11 o’clock at night. The secretary and myself took the enumerators by groups and gave practical instructions, submitting to the enumerators the most diffi¬ cult cases and problems in the three tables for their practice and decision. At the same time the monitor enumerators were doing the same work by my orders in the municipal districts, and when I was convinced of the capabilities of the enumerators I appointed them and took their oaths of office—for the city of Puerto Principe, 22 enumerators (men, 19; women, 3); for the rural portion, 43 enumerators. In order to know, examine, and select the enumerators of the other municipal dis¬ tricts, I left for Moron on the 9th, continuing thence to Ciego de Avila, Santa Cruz, and returning to this city on the evening of the 16th. On said trip I was obliged to go on horseback for 54 leagues on account of the lack of other means of communi¬ cation. The secretary, Mr. Marquez Sterling, had remained in the meantime in charge of the office, and, according to instructions which he received, he distributed the equipments among the enumerators of the district of Puerto Principe and issued the proper orders, so that when I arrived there all the enumerators were already in their districts and had commenced their enumeration with the greatest order possible, without encountering any difficulty of any importance. In Moron I appointed and received the oath of 22 enumerators; in Ciego de Avila, 17; in Santa Cruz, 12; in Nuevitas, 17; it was not necessary for me to go to this district to know the enumerators, the military commander of the locality receiving their oaths. On the 16th, therefore, the secretary informed the Assistant Director that the enumeration of the entire province had begun. Previously I had given special instructions to the enumerators which they were to observe and which consisted of the following: “Working hours for the enumerators of the city, from 8 to 10 in the morning and from 12 to 5 in the afternoon; in the rural districts, from 6 to 10 in the morning and from 2 to 5 in the afternoon. APPENDIX VII. 643 “When the working hours should be over, should some page of Schedule No. 1 remain unfilled, the enumerators shall draw a bracket in the left margin, including all the lines which were filled on that day, and in the center of the bracket he shall make the following memorandum: ‘Enumerated this day-(so many),’ leaving the balance on that day without being filled, the blanks mentioned in the heading of the schedule on the day on which the enumeration was made, which shall be filled under the date of the day on which he finishes said page of the schedule. “ The enumerators of rural districts shall keep a diary, for which purpose they will be given the proper blanks, in which they shall enter the names of the estates visited, number of persons enumerated, and the distance covered during the day. “An authenticated copy of this diary shall be sent to the office of the supervisor every Saturday, making use of the rural guard for its transmission. “No enumerator of a rural district may absent himself without authorization from this office, nor shall the town enumerators absent themselves from the city in which they render their services. ‘ 1 In case an enumerator comes to a house where none of the inmates speak the Spanish language, he shall report the facts to this office, which will furnish an interpreter. “The enumerators in cities, in filling schedule 3, shall write the following note at the end, as prescribed by the assistant director: ‘ This person is a resident of this city, does not lease but owns the cattle, and has cultivated the crops specified.’ ” All these instructions were drafted in response to the urgent needs of this office and in accordance with consultations on the subject with Mr. Olmsted, Assistant Director of the Census, who attended to them with the greatest efficiency, and which it would be tedious to detail. Interpreting the instructions to the supervisors, paragraph IV, I considered that the supervisor should go over the ground, which opinion I communicated to Mr. Olmsted under date of October 2, and requested the appointment of an agent to leave in the office, which was authorized, and I immediately appointed Mr. Manuel Breton Fajardo. The secretary and myself therefore left on October 20 to visit all the enu¬ meration districts of the municipal district of Puerto Principe, in the following manner: The secretary, Mr. Marquez Sterling, went over the districts corresponding to the wards of Caobillas, Magarabomba, Quemado de Jimiru, Limones, and Guanaja. I visited the remaining wards of the district, that is those of Sibanicu, Cascorro, Quaimaro, Ecuador, Contramaestre, Yeguas, and San Geronimo. We left on the 20th and returned on the 28th. This inspection was careful and exact. We corrected all the errors in the schedules in what had already been writ¬ ten by the enumerators, repeating all the explanations made in the office of the supervisor. This inspection presented, furthermore, some difficulties, because it was necessary to make the entire trip on horseback on account of the lack of means of communica¬ tion with said wards of any kind. Knowing that the Assistant Director was going to visit this district on his way from Santiago de Cuba, I went to Nuevitas, where I had a long interview with Mr. Olm¬ sted on October 31, showing him the work of the enumerators of Nuevitas, which he approved. Until receiving the approval of Mr. Olmsted, my guide had been the work done and the fidelity with which I had interpreted the instructions. I also referred to other matter with Mr. Olmsted, which he very kindly explained to me, authorizing me to subdivide the districts which I feared could not be concluded on the 30th of November. And I was very soon compelled to subdivide district No. 113 with the Nos. 133 and 134, and No. 114 with No, 135—positions which were filled by enumerators who 644 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. had concluded other districts to my satisfaction, and believing that by such appointments I was doing an act of justice within the limits of the instructions. The preparation of the accounts of the enumerators, the examination, line by line, of all the work submitted by the enumerators, obliging them to remake what was deficient, and the correction and avoidance, of errors and duplications in taking the census, was my principal task from now on, being assisted from the 23d of November by an assistant granted me by Mr. Olmsted to the 10th of December. It afforded me great satisfaction to be able to telegraph to the assistant director of the census on November 30 that the taking of the census in this province was concluded. After the 30th of November this office continued its work of correcting the taking of the census, which I' can assure you was done with the greatest haste and* activity possible, and which was concluded very rapidly when it is taken into considera¬ tion that this office had a very small personnel, only increased by the assistant or delegate to whom I have made reference. But I must state that even this agent, as may be seen from this report, was at my services for a certain number of days only, and therefore the greater part of the time this office had only the work of the employees authorized by the instructions. Finally, upon being advised that this office would be honored with your visit, I went to Nuevitas, where you arrived the 8th, visiting the offices on the 9th and 10th. This office scrupulously complied with all the orders you gave. To resume this report and to fulfill in other respects the instructions contained in the communication of the assistant director of November 9, I shall briefly refer to theidifficulties encountered by this office relating to schedule No. 3, because there were no difficulties of importance in schedules Nos. 1 and 2. But I find that these difficulties were stated with sufficient force and clearness in my communication of December 18, addressed to Mr. Olmsted, from which I take the following paragraphs: “ With regard to schedule No. 3, I must inform you that it is the one which has presented more difficulties for its compilation, due to the fact that many estates are abandoned and that the country is depopulated, for which reason all the data could not be procured from the neighbors. “Another difficulty was that of fixing the superficial area of many estates, even when their owners lived thereon, on account of the 1 haciendas comuneras ;’ and in order to show the reason in such cases why it is not possible to give the superficial area, I take the liberty of informing you what are understood in this country by ‘haciendas comuneras.’ “By ‘haciendas comuneras ’ are known the grants of land which the government or state had been making up to the beginning of the century. “Taking a certain place as the center, the government granted the ground contained within a circle drawn around this center with a radius of 1 or 2 leagues, accord¬ ing as to whether the grant was for the raising of large or small cattle. This circle was not really measured, and the owner was satisfied with knowing that the ground for 2 leagues around belonged to him. “More grants would be made, and it was so frequently the case that it might be said it was the rule that between the two points fixed as centers there was not the distance requisite, and that therefore one estate encroached upon another, one cir¬ cumference crossing the other. “This was ignored until an owner desired to really measure his grant or estate, and rules have been issued in the matter in order to balance the rights of these abutting owners. On the other hand, the owner of an estate gave it an arbitrary value in pesos, and he afterwards surrendered a certain number of pesos, which are called ‘of possession’ and which represent an aliquot part of the ground belonging to the estate on the day it should be surveyed, being separated from the neighboring ones. The total area could not be known because it was a very rare exception that the area which had been given it was not reduced by other grants. APPENDIX VII. 645 11 The result is that the owner of an undivided estate does not know how much ground belongs to him, and it is still less known l?y the individuals w T ho bought ‘pesos of possession’—that is, the part which in proportion to the number of pesos at which the estate had been valued a century ago corresponds to the number of ^>esos bought. The confusion is increased by the fact that almost always it is unknown at what number of pesos the original owner of the estate appraised it. “This can not be known until the survey of the entire estate is made judicially, fixing its bounds w r ith the adjoining estates and afterwards subdividing or distribut¬ ing it among all those proving that they possess ‘pesos of possession.’ ” In view of the above the supervisor could not demand the enumerators to answer in an exact manner, in caballerias and cordeles, the area of the undivided estates. DESCRIPTION OF THE TERRITORY OF THE PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. In accordance with the communication of the Assistant Director of the Census, dated November 9,1 here give a brief description of the territory of my district, mak¬ ing as many observations as possible without being considered an exact study, for which I would not have time. According to the official data of the last Government, the province of Puerto Principe is situated between 73° 14/ and 75° 25 / of longitude west of the meridian of the observatory of Madrid and 20° 38 / and 23° 23 / of latitude north. It has an area of 24,000 square kilometers. It is situated more or less in the center of the island. During the period of the conquest the island was divided into two regions, the Eastern and Western, with their capitals in Santiago de Cuba and Habana, respectively; Puerto Principe therefore belonged almost entirely to the latter region. Later the island was divided into three departments, the Western, Central, and Eastern, and their capitals were Habana, Puerto Principe, and Santiago de Cuba, and it was not until April 10, 1868, that the island was divided into six provinces, one of them being Puerto Principe. The climate is temperate, which makes living more agreeable than other territories of the island, which are exceedingly hot. The province of Puerto Principe presents irregularly the appearance of a geometrical figure, a trapezium, running from east to west. Its coasts on the north consist of large, sandy plains, with some swampy grounds, called “ siguaneas” in this country. On the southern coast the ground is variable, and mostly covered with a tree which usually grows on the coasts, and which it is said has medicinal virtues, called “man¬ gle.” Intricate marshes also abound, which are a characteristic of said coast and which appear in very reduced proportions on the north coast. The entire region is very level, containing large plains or level lands, uncultivated, without trees and woods, and with pasture grounds for the breeding of cattle. The rains are torrential during the spring, causing great fissures, which are dry in winter, but which acquire a fearful impetuosity with their torrents in summer. The rivers irrigate all the lands perfectly, and although they can not be said to carry much water, they make the land sufficiently fertile for the requirements of agriculture. The serpentine rock predominates in its geological formation, and with regard to its hydrological formation it has a series of rivers which, rising from the principal divisive, empty into the seas on the north and south. With regard to the agricultural conditions of the land, more than two-thirds of the province of Puerto Principe may be advantageously used for all kinds of crops. Especially toward the south the lands are magnificent, but, nevertheless, they are completely abandoned. All the residents of those regions await as the supreme enterprise and the realization of future wealth and comfort the immediate establish¬ ment of the railroad between Puerto Principe and Santa Cruz del Sur, which would 646 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. in reality solve many problems in agriculture in this province as well as its commerce, immediately increasing the importance of this capital. CHARACTER OF THE POPULATION. / The people are very energetic, naturally intelligent, decided lovers of their country and liberty, and distinguished by their pacific customs and application to order and work. They have faith in the protecting Government which offers it its future inde¬ pendence; and with regard hereto I may add that, influenced by that same faith, they have not opposed any obstacles to the prejudice of any action taken by the Govern¬ ment, having had so much faith in the taking of the census, as a preliminary step to a political change, that there was not one case in any enumeration district in which the enumerator was denied admittance or where the inhabitants refused to give the exact data. The case occurred several times of a person going enormous distances to inform the enumerator of his district that he did not enumerate him for a certain cause. It is the desire of the people to return to their farming, to the reconstruction of their estates, to the care and progress of their cultivation. And a people always ready to make sacrifices for their liberty, firm and brave, are always the first to seek happiness and comfort in peace. The state of poverty of this province is really distressing, notwithstanding the fact that the people of the country use all their efforts to obtain resources to begin work; and it should be said, with regard to the pacific and loyal character of the people of this province, that Spaniards live in the rural districts who took a cruel part in the revolution against the Cubans, and that, nevertheless, their lives and estates are per¬ fectly secure. THE ENUMERATORS. The number of enumerators employed was 132, who worked in 135 enumeration districts. There were three of them women, as I have already stated. Miss Maria Teresa Guerra deserves special mention, her work having been done with zeal, cor¬ rectness, and care. Of the other enumerators I may say, in a general way, that I am satisfied with their work and with their morality and intellectuality, with some rare exceptions when I had to require some enumerator to fulfill his duty. But of them I can and believe it my duty to recommend the following as especially w r orthy of mention with regard to their work: Jose Masdival, Antonio Vilardell, Francisco Sotomayor, Javier Hernandez, Romualdo Varona, Ulpiano Rodriguez, Carlos Baldarrain, Alvaro Silva, Manuel Cortes, Jose Garcini, Rafael Peron, Norberto Primelles, Angel Diaz Guzman, Ramon Anglada, Maria Teresa Guerra, Rolando Ramos, Eugenio L. de Mola, Manuel Breton, Jose Fernandez, Rogelio Z. Bazan, Rogelio Freyre, Octavio Oquendo Lui, Luis M. Cordoba, Enrique L. de Mola, J. Antonio Miranda, Miguel Perozo, Mario Garcini, Graeiano Betancourt, Ulises Cosio, Gabriel Barreras, Manuel Pradas, Alonso Martinez, Francisco Pichardo, Enrique Boza, Emilio Torres, Filiberto Pichardo, Arturo Guzman, Antonio Naranjo, Jose Acosta, Alberto Guzman, Manuel Alvizuri, Natalio Peron. I conclude this report upon receiving the order to leave for Washington after the first of January, from Habana or Cienfuegos. Yours, etc., * Agustin H. Aguero, Supervisor of the Census of Cuba. The Director ok the Census of Cuba, Washington, J). C. (Through Assistant Director.) APPENDIX VIII. 647 APPENDIX VIII. Census of Cuba, Office of the Supervisor, Province of Santa Clara , December 31 y 1899. Sir: On the 21st of July last I received a telegram from General Wilson, notifying me that I had been appointed supervisor of the census of the province, and inform¬ ing me that I was required to report at Washington on the 10th of August to the Director of the Census for instructions. In Washington, where I arrived on the 10th, I received instructions from the board of the census of the United States, having had several interviews with the Assistant Director and the other members of the board. Fully instructed in the prepa¬ ration of the schedules of population, schools, and agriculture, which were to be filled in Cuba, I returned from Washington on the 26th of the same month. In Habana, together with Mr. Victor H. Olmsted, Assistant Director of the Census of Cuba, we devoted ourselves to the division of the province into districts of enu¬ meration, taking as a basis for the census the old municipal districts. As there does not exist in Cuba any register which could give us an exact knowl¬ edge of the limits and bounds of the different municipal districts and their wards, I addressed the 28 municipal mayors of the province, requesting them to send me such plans as they might have of their districts and wards. Unfortunately, although some of the mayors could send plans of their districts, there were very few indeed who could send plans of their wards, sending only a short statement of the limits of the same, but without indicating directions or distances. It was indispensable, therefore, to cure this deficiency of information with the appointment of enumerators who should practically know the limits of the wards or districts of enumeration, the names of the plantations, that of their owners, and even the superficial area of each one; and this consideration governed me in the appointment of the enumerators for the rural districts. ******* The appointment of the enumerators, which at first sight did not appear to offer any difficulties, was difficult and even vexatious in practice. This was due to the large number of applicants, to the imposition of certain elements which, supported by a small portion of the press, believed that they only had a right to be appointed, and to the state of paralysis of business in which this province is at present, which makes office seeking to a certain point necessary, because the energies and activities of a large number of intelligent young men having large families do not find appli¬ cation, and they have, therefore, a hard fight for existence. However, without taking these requirements into consideration, the undersigned supervisor, closing his eyes to the suggestions of corporations or friends, devoted himself to seeking in the enumerators morality, qualifications, and knowledge of the locality, which was especially recommended by the regulations; and if he made a mistake sometimes it was because in the rural districts, for the reasons already stated, he preferred a full knowledge of the region to great fitness. Desiring to insure success, he delivered to every rural enumerator a precise state¬ ment, which is attached to this report, of the names of the estates located in his district, the names of their owners, and the superficial area of the same as a guide and for purposes of correction in case the information furnished by the individuals concerned should not appear clear and conclusive; and for this reason there appeared in the schedules of agriculture many estates which either did not appear in the municipal assessments or appeared as having a smaller area, a fraud intended exclu¬ sively during the last regime to pay the lowest tax possible. 648 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROVINCE. The province of Santa Clara is bounded on the north by the old canal of Bahama, on the east by the province of Puerto Principe, on the south by the Sea of the Antilles, and on the west by the province of Matanzas. Its principal cities are Santa Clara, the capital, situated in the interior of the prov¬ ince, with 14,683 inhabitants, and 66,273 in the judicial district; Cienfuegos, with 30,041, and 108,767 in the entire judicial district; Sagua, with 13,183, and 58,749 in the entire judicial district; San Juan de los Remedios, with 6,634, and 72,599 in the entire judicial district; Trinidad, with 11,721, and 24,342 in the entire judicial dis¬ trict; and Sancti Spiritus, with 12,666, and 25,700 in the entire judicial district, mak¬ ing a total in the province of 356,430 inhabitants. The province of Santa Clara, one of the largest in the island, and the most popu¬ lated after that of Habana, offered many difficulties for the enumeration, as the intricate hills of Trinidad are situated there, most noteworthy being the Pico del Potrerillo, La Cabeza del Muerto, La Siguanea, Pico Blanco, and Cucurucho. There are also situated there the sierras of Sancti Spiritus, from which the sierras of La Gloria and Banao branch off; the hills of Santa Clara, where we find the craggy sierras of Oscambrav, containing rich mines of copper and asphalt, and the hill of Manicaragua; the hills of San Juan de los Remedios, from which the sierras of Bumburanao rise, containing rich deposits of kaolin, etc.; and in the judicial district of Sagua la Grande, the Sierra Morena, which occupies almost the entire north coast from the Palma River to the barrio of Sitiecito, belonging to the municipal district of Sagua. On the other hand, on the north coast from the Palma River to the mouth of the Sagua la Grande River, and from this point to very near San Juan de los Remedios, there are a large number of caballerias of marshy land which are crossed with great difficulty during the rainy season. ► O •/ m And on the southern coast we find the famous swamp of Zapata, very extensive and dangerous, extending from the Bay of La Broa to Caimanera, about 39 leagues long and from 4 to 6 leagues wide, in some points 9 leagues wide. Situated in this swamp anti between it and the southern coast there are several large plantations which it was necessary to visit. It is only possible to enter the swamp by the southern coast by two or three very shallow ports, the principal one being that of the estate of Santa Teresa, called to-day La Maquina. By the northern coast it may be said that there exists only one entrance to the swamp in the province of Santa Clara. It is called Callejon de los Guiros. But in order to reach this pass there are only four practicable roads. 1. That of San Pedro, a difficult road on account of the flow from the swamp, the bad stone bottom, and pits, very dangerous both for men and horses, some of them being from 4 to 6 yards deep. The length of this road is 5 leagues, 2 J of them water. 2. The entrance called De los Ratones, from the plantation Pamplona to that of San Bias, 2 leagues are under water; but during the month of November it was not possible for any enumerator to cross it on account of its bad condition, the pits and holes being filled with water. 3. The entrance of Buenavista, from the plantation of Orbea to that of San Bias, 3} leagues are under water and 2 leagues impassable on account of the stones and numerous pits. It is only possible to go around them, and that only in time of very dry weather. 4. The entrance through Cayo Navarro to Cavo Grande and Cocodrilo; in a space of 2] leagues it is only possible to go through it on foot or in canoes. The pass of Los Guiros has 1J leagues under water filled with rocks and pits, but during the month of November last, by reason of the abundant rains of October, this SUPERVISORS AND ENUMERATORS, SANTA CLARA. APPENDIX VIII. 649 entrance, which is doubtless the best one, had 8 leagues of water, from the plantation of Nicolas to that of San Bias. In order to cross the swamp from the north coast to the south coast there is another entrance called Nicolas and Cocodrilo, which is 1 league under water and 4 leagues of stones, declivities, and coral. In order to go through these entrances on horseback it is necessary to wrap the horses from their heads to their knees with pieces of hard leather, in order to pre¬ vent them injuring themselves against the points of the coral, called ‘‘dog’s teeth,” and so that they may endure the journey, which, by reason of the nature of the ground, is necessarily slow and arduous, as well as very unpleasant on account of the numerous mosquitoes in the swamp. The distances to be covered in order to visit the swamp are from the plantation of Nicolas to that of Maniadero, 30 leagues from the north; but from the south coast there are 40 leagues, the trip being rendered more difficult on account of the numer¬ ous lakes, ponds, and pits which it is necessary to cross. FOOD FOR PEOPLE AND HORSES. For the men it is necessary to carry the provisions along, because the natives (who are the only ones who can live there) live exclusively on crocodile tails (?), mud turtles, agouti (Indian rats), and honey. To feed the horses, it is necessary to cut leaves from the trees until the plantation of Jegui is reached, where there is some vegetation; but from there to the Maquina, near the entrance of Santa Teresa, by the plantation of Santo Tomas, in a space of 7 leagues to San Lazaro, nothing is found but hills and seashore, and it is necessary to cut leaves from the trees to feed animals. The principal rivers which cross the province of Santa Clara are, in the northern portion, the Sagua la Grande, navigable for a distance of 27 kilometers; the Sagua la Chica, and the Jatibonico del Norte, and, in the southern portion, the Jatibonico del Sur, the Zaza, Hagabama, Arimao, Caunao, Salado, and Damiji, the latter navi¬ gable for a distance of 27 kilometers (the last four rivers emptying into the beautiful port of Cienfuegos), and the Hanabana, which rises in the lakes of Mordazo and emp¬ ties in the lake of Tesoro, and, finally,the river Hatiguanico, which, rising in the lake of Tesoro, crosses the Zapata swamp and empties in the bay of La Broa. The principal ports of the province are, on the north coast, Isabela de Sagua and Caibarien, and, on the south coast, Tunas de Zaza, Casilda, and the famous port of Jagua, or Cienfuegos, one of the largest in the world. THE ENUMERATION. On the 16th of October, without any portfolios in which to keep their schedules, the enumerators of the town districts set out upon their work. The 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 23rd, 24th of the same month, as they received their port¬ folios, the enumerators of the rural districts began their work. DIFFICULTIES OF THE ENUMERATION. By reason of the opposition of a small portion of the press, the enumeration began with the suspicion and mistrust of many inhabitants, some of whom saw in the cen¬ sus a certain political end and others a determined basis on which to base new taxation. But we are happy to say here that this mistrust and passive resistance disappeared very soon, by virtue of the persuasive propaganda of the enumerators themselves, who informed the public of the regulations and the penalties which would be incurred by the enumerators who consented to concealments, and especially con- 650 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. vincing them of the importance for the future good organization of the country of a correct census of population and exact statistics as to the state of the public wealth and public instruction of the country. And the enthusiasm or the fear was so great that more than 200 individuals appeared to be recorded of their own will who had been absent from their homes for some reason or other on the day of the enumeration. Soon after the beginning of the census there occurred a rain and wind storm, which lasted thirteen days in some localities, embarrassing the journey of the rural enumer¬ ators, the rivers swelling and the ground being soaked to such an extent that several enumerators, for this reason, which they duly entered in their daily reports of their work, recorded a small number of persons and agricultural schedules; and as a gen¬ eral rule it may be said that if the enumerators of the rural districts fulfilled their duty to the satisfaction of the supervisor, it is surely due to the knowledge each one had of the ground to which he was assigned; because the war which depopulated the country of men and animals, the fires which ruined all crops, fences, and roads, and the abundant vegetation of the Torrid Zone, obliterated the limits which sepa¬ rated the wards from each other; and, nevertheless, there were only two cases where an enumerator of the district of Quemado de Giiines made a mistake in the district, having entered an abandoned estate as belonging to said district, when the fact was that a part thereof—18 caballerias —belongs to the municipal district of Rancho Veloz. The other case was that of an enumerator of Vueltas who entered two estates of the municipal district of Remedios. THE ENUMERATOR OF THE EASTERN PART OF THE ZAPATA SWAMP . 1 Up to the 9th of November, by reason of the heavy rains of the latter part of October, it was impossible to find a man who for 810 per day would enumerate the few inhabitants who live in the swamp of Zapata. Finally Mr. Pedro Nunez prom¬ ised to go over the swamp and turn in his work on the 30th of November, which he religiously fulfilled. WOMEN EMPLOYED IN THE CENSUS. Fifty-eight women were employed as enumerators of the census, and all have ful¬ filled their duty very conscientiously and with great cleanliness and exactness, the following deserving special mention: Misses Manuela Chavez y Clotilde Silva, of Santa Clara; Flora Ramos v Juana Monzon v Aguirre, of Cienfuegos; Teresa Mestre and Elvira Cabana, of Trinidad; Luisa Herrada, of Remedios; Maria Weis and Fran- cisca del Valle Gonzalez, of Sancti Spiritus. We also had Mrs. Agueda Valdes Aday, widow of Leza, as an enumerator of the second rural district of San Juan de los Yeras, who presented 14 schedules of popu¬ lation and 130 of agriculture, rendering a perfectly exact, minute, and clean work. T1 iis lady went out to enumerate her district on horseback, accompanied by her 10-year-old son. ENUMERATORS EMPLOYED. The enumerators employed in the census of the province of Santa Clara are dis¬ tributed by judicial districts in the following manner: Judicial district of Santa Clara. 79 Judicial district of Cienfuegos.,. 113 Judicial district of Sagua la Grande. 63 Judicial district of San Juan de los Remedios. 75 Judicial district of Trinidad.. 21 Judicial district of Sancti Spiritus. 31 ’The western part was enumerated by Sixto Agramontc. APPENDIX VIII. 651 GROUNDS PREPARED FOR RAISING TOBACCO. The rains during the last fifteen days of October unfortunately destroyed the seeds of the early tobacco and wet the grounds prepared for the sowing of tobacco excess¬ ively; the sowing had not taken place when the work of the census was begun; had they been, the agriculture schedules would make a better showing than they do, for we know that during the last days of November and the first twenty-five of this month, an enormous amount of settings of tobacco have been laid out in this province, the production of which, if the weather continues favorable, will not be less than 220,000 quintals. And it may be said that one-third of the future tobacco crops will be the result of the individual efforts of the Cuban farmer; because, if the agriculture schedules are carefujly examined, it will be seen that only a very small number of estates own a yoke of oxen to prepare the ground, the farmer having been obliged to till the ground with his hands, a ground which is hard and knotty, as is that of Cuba. And it may also be said that it is noticed in a majority of cases that these animals mentioned in schedule No. 3 have been furnished by capitalists of the cities, who charge as hire for the same one-third of the gross product of tobacco and corn they grow. Consequently, if things go on as they are going, the evils of the last regime will continue in Cuba, when the case was that the owner was nothing but the manager, without salary, of his estate. And if it is desired to permit agriculture in Cuba to enter upon an era of reconstruction, it will be indispensable to give small landowners means of securing the capital necessary to purchase oxen and implements. ASSISTANCE OF THE AUTHORITIES. By "reason of the judicial districts of Sancti Spiritus and Trinidad being located at a great distance from this city, the case often occurred that certificates going and coming from there took seven days. It was necessary therefore, in order to fulfill the demands which were being made for schedule No. 3, to send men on horseback who could deliver the schedules and notices to the enumerators within twenty-four hours. Three trips were thus made to Sancti Spiritus, one to Trinidad, one to Fomento, and another to Placetas. I must here state that Gen. Jose Miguel Gomez, civil governor of the province, cheerfully and speedily gave me all the assistance 1 requested. THE RURAL GUARD. In all the districts, I have been told, the enumerators received from the chiefs of the rural guard the most spontaneous and excellent assistance. In the Aguada de Pasajeros, a ward of the municipal district of Cienfuegos, the captain of the rural guard, Mr. Bernardo Mirabal, furnished the eight assistants which it was necessary to send there in order to conclude the enumeration of that ward as soon as possible and the horses required so that they could fulfill their duty. THE NOTICES AND SCHEDULE NO. 3. Twice I was out of notices and schedule No. 3, but I must state that the Assistant Director sent me from Habana or other points those that I required. I must also state here that the undersigned supervisor always found the Assistant Director well disposed to explain doubtful questions, and that the advice given me was always useful for the success of the works of the census. OFFICE OF THE SUPERVISOR. With the exception of a few dollars which were invested during the first days in some repairs, this office has not cost one cent to the census of Cuba, because the 652 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. undersigned has made use of the office and furniture he had in the palace of the Civil Governor as secretary of the provincial board of agriculture, industry, and commerce of Santa Clara. I am glad to state that we have worked in this office from 7 in the morning to 12 at night, the time when the electric light was put out, without excepting Sundays and holidays. Only thus could we keep up a constant correspondence with 382 enumerators, distributed over a province which has given more than 356,000 inhabit¬ ants, as well as keep up the accounting to date, and have paid all the enumerators, interpreters, agents, etc., without those delays which would be inevitable with so small a number of employees—a secretary and a messenger—and that office knows a special agent was added to this office on November 2 and another on the 23d of the same month. . REPORTS. I attach to this report, besides the statements of the assessments of the rural estates which compose the wards of this province, of which I have already spoken, a general report of the census of the province of Santa Clara, giving the names of the enumer¬ ators, houses, and families, and two other statements giving the cattle existing in each municipal district of this province during the years 1895 and 1899, in order that they may be used for purposes of comparison. * Juan Bautista Jimenez, Supervisor of the Census. The Director of the Census, Washington, D. C. (Through the Assistant Director.) APPENDIX IX. Census of Cuba, Office of Supervisor, Province of Santiago de Cuba, November 30, 1899. Sir: Complying with your request of the 9th instant, in which you asked me to make a detailed report of the work of the census in this province, I have the pleasure to inform you that on the 22d of July I received the appointment of supervisor and was directed to report to the Director of the Census, Washington, D. C. * * * * * * * In view of this appointment I had to embark the 26th of July for Habana, where the communications with the United States are much better than from this port, in order to arrive punctually at Washington by the 10th of August, as I was ordered. On Monday, the 31st of the same month, I embarked from Habana for New York by the steamer Vigilancia, going from that city to Washington by rail, and arriving on time. I remained fourteen days in that capital and arrived at Habana on the 23d of August, via Tampa. I remained in Habana thirteen days, help¬ ing to prepare the subdivision of my province into enumeration districts, at the pro¬ visional office of the census in Habana, leaving that city Thursday, September 7, for Santiago de Cuba, where I arrived on the 11th, but was unable to disembark until the 12th, owing to quarantine regulations. The office had been already opened at No. 32 San Basilio street, with the secretary and messenger in charge since the 1st of September. The undersigned supervisor had, consequently, scarcely a month in which to appoint the enumerators, and, due to the topography of this province and the lack of communications, he could not, as the other supervisors probably have done, go to SUPERVISORS AND ENUMERATORS, SANTIAGO DE CUBA. APPENDIX IX. 653 4 each one of the 324 enumeration districts to select as enumerators residents of those places; it would have required six months to perform this part of the work alone. For this reason, and having in Santiago de Cuba a great number of capable persons who were acquainted with the various localities of this province (having been engaged in fighting in such localities during the war), and seeing the l&ck of time and the imperious necessity of beginning the enumeration in all parts of the province on the 16th of October, I decided to select the entire personnel from among these individuals. The satisfactory results were shown in the practical operation of this plan, because only men in whom were combined these qualifications would have been able to with¬ stand two severe hurricanes and the crossing of swollen rivers and terrible swamps, as they had neither bridges nor roads. DESCRIPTION OP THE TERRITORY OF THE PROVINCE. The territory of this province, the most extensive and the richest in woods and minerals of the island, at the same time the most fertile and virgin, is comprised of a tract 225 miles from east to west, and 120 miles from north to south. Topographically considered, this province is the most mountainous. Here we find the most elevated mountains of Turquino, Ojo del Toro, and Gran Piedra, to whose precipitous heights the enumerators have ascended, searching for a hut which might or might not be inhabited, these peaks being situated in the Sierra Maestra, which extends majestically and imposingly from Cabo Cruz to beyond Santiago de Cuba in the direction of east to west. % As a natural consequence of the great elevations of this country, there flow through the deep canyons beautiful rivers, navigable for schooners their entire courses, or the larger part thereof, such as the Cauto, Contramaestre, Baconao, Bayamo, Toar, and others, whose overflows inundate and devastate the territory near by, destroying the crops and sepulchrating in their tempestuous currents each year, now and then, some imprudent and careless traveler who pretends to cross them. The rainfall in this region is so abundant that this year the rain gauge registered 14^ inches in four days. GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS. The geographical characteristics relating to the orography of the province have been described in the foregoing paragraph, so there is only to be added some remarks relating to ports, towns, etc. There is in this province the bay of Nipe, of greater extension than all those of the island, where some rivers empty into the sea, such as the Cajimaya, the Mayarf, which is navigable as far as the town of the same name, and the river known as the Nipe; also the creeks Juan Vicente, Seron, and Centeno. This bay, properly dredged, can accommodate any squadron which exists to-day. The port or bay of Guantdnamo., which is quite large, is considered the third in the island; the rivers of Guaso and Guantanamo, which carry a large amount of water, empty into this bay. The bay of Santiago de Cuba, entirely surrounded and protected, and celebrated because of the fact that in the same the Spanish tyranny was destroyed forever by the United States, receives the waters of the following rivers, which are of little importance: The Paradas, the Caimanes, and the Caney. Among its creeks, there is only one worthy of mention, being the Yarayo. The entrance to this port is per¬ fectly clean, and if dredged it would be of great utility and shelter for the steamers which cross the ocean, and which can not at present enter the bay if they are vessels that draw a very large amount of water, due to the large shoal which is found at the entrance, leaving only a narrow canal, difficult and dangerous to enter without the help of good pilots. There is yet to be mentioned all the bays and ports in this province in their suc¬ cessive order. * * * 654 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. The principal cities of this province,, in the order of their importance, are Santiago de Cuba, which is the capital, Manzanillo, Gibara, Holguin, Guantanamo, Baracoa, Sagua de Tdnamo, and Puerto Padre; Bayamo and Tunas were destroyed, but are being reconstructed slowly; Jiguanf, Cobre, Canev, and a multitude of small towns like these without special importance. There exist only three railroads: That of Cuba to Enramadas and Hal to Songo; that of Gibara to Holguin (narrow gauge), and that of Caimanera to Guantanamo. Of private lines there is that of the mines of Juragua, Daiquiri, and some kilometers in sugar plantations. This province is eminently agricultural and not industrial, and its poverty and retrogression will continue increasing until a perfect state of peace is established which will permit work on farms without interruption; but as the proprietors have been ruined and there are no means of communication, only the establishment of an agri¬ cultural bank, the construction of a central railroad with its branches, and good roads will be the means of saving the sad situation which confronts this province and which, with these, would be converted into an emporium of riches without equal in the world. I could describe other geographical characteristics if it were not for making the article too lengthy. GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE POPULATION. % The general character, or the conditions, of the inhabitants of this province can be considered under four distinct aspects—civil, political, moral, and relative to the census. Civilly considered, the cities and towns of this province are very backward, because public instruction is limited and poor, due to the absolute lack of the establishment of first grade of public schools, and also real kindergartens—not from lack of desire on the part of the inhabitants, but due to the Spanish regime, who, not having in themselves the principles of education, consequently could not impart same to their colonies. For this reason the majority of the Cubans do not understand nor know what are their rights and duties as citizens. Politically, the towns of the»east desire independence. With regard to the moral part, these towns have generally good customs, and by instinct their inhabitants are good and humane, generous, and always disposed to offer the most open hospitality. The political tyranny of the last government and the no less lamentable tyranny of the Spanish clergy may perhaps have contributed as an efficient cause to certain antisocial customs, such as concubinage; but notwith¬ standing this they are moral. With regard to the census, the past bad administra¬ tion did not know how or did not wish to give natural and exact limits to the dif¬ ferent wards, and the people has shown itself diffident and distrustful in this census, concealing persons, ages, and even domestic animals, fearing that fiscal or municipal taxes, etc., would be levied. One sagacious enumerator, in order to make the people appear in a city, had the happy thought to tell them, “Do not fear; what I am doing now is for the distribution of rations to-morrow by the American Government.” This was sufficient for all persons to present themselves and give correct answers. The difficulties I have encountered in directing the census are various and of dif¬ ferent characters. * * * The absence of means of. communication in general, ordinary, railway, and even telegraphic, with the most distant and inaccessible points caused two or three times the time to be employed in concluding the work intrusted to me, notwithstanding the employment of couriers and special private means, the expenses for which were authorized by the assistant director. The absence of pecuniary resources of the enumerators—all poor men, who did not have horses nor means of borrowing them for so arduous trips, each one being under the necessity of leaving some resources to APPENDIX IX. 655 his family, etc.—was one of the troubles which made me believe that the realization of the census would be impossible. * * * The large number of ignorant and suspicious colored people, kept in this condition by the Spanish Government as a political measure, has been sufficiently shown by the enumeration of the wards in which they reside. The division of wards, the absence of known limits in all the country districts, causing one enumerator to enter the district of another, requiring the immediate correction of errors, going back, remaking plans, investigations, etc., in order to avoid duplications, has disturbed the good order of this most delicate service. The limited time granted for the prep¬ aration, organization, and execution of the census has rendered the work so much more difficult that the little which has been well done deserves to be praised, because only an iron will, together with the good wishes and activity of the enumerators, encouraged, perhaps, by the hope of being placed in new works of real statistics, have contributed to the success attained. Six months of organization and six more of execution was the time which should have been employed to conclude this gigantic work, which has just been executed for the first time in the island of Cuba in forty- five days only. It is the truth, and it must be included in this report, that a good management in the hands of Messrs. Sanger and Olmsted, and an abundance of money for general expenses, and a most active correspondence, have assisted most wonderfully, without which help we would still be at the beginning. The two rain and wind storms which detained the enumerators even after thev were over, because the marshes became so dangerous they could not be crossed. * * * The difficulty of the division into wards has been an obstacle which could not be passed over, and which will cause a certain confusion in the limits thereof in the census, especially in the country, where the mayors were not able to decide the limits of their own jurisdiction, except in a very vague manner. This is the reason some of the enumerators passed to neighboring wards. In order to correct this, it would be necessary to make corrections—go over some of the work—and the period fixed for the conclusion of the census did not permit this. The principal causes of this chaos are the absence of plans and topographical maps, perfectly prepared, indicating what belongs to each jurisdiction, the official arrangement of the limits by natural fixed boundaries, such as creeks, rivers, mountains, etc., and most espe¬ cially that the office of ward mayor be given always to persons of well-known zeal and education, with larger salaries, in order to cause people of worth to aspire to these positions. The difficulty of the rains was easily surmounted, because it had been foreseen, and competent men were selected well acquainted with the fording of rivers and pools which they encountered on their road. Nevertheless, more than twelve days were lost in both storms. In some places, such as Baracoa, Mayari, and Holguin, much more time was lost, the storm having lasted there twenty-three days. NUMBER OF ENUMERATORS EMPLOYED. The number of enumerators was at the beginning 323-, distributed among 19 munic¬ ipal districts in the following manner: Alto Songo, 10; Balma, 12; Oaney, 14; Cristo, 2; Cobre, 20; Guantanamo, 37; Sagua de Tanamo, 7; Niquero, 4; Bayamo, 16; Jiguani, 9; Holguin, 33; Gibara, 23; Puerto Padre, 18; Mayari, 9, and Baracoa, 27. Afterwards, when the monitors or delegates informed me of the number of inhabitants each ward had, it was neces¬ sary to add 9 enumerators more—in Guantanamo, 4; in Palma, 2; in San Luis, 1; in Canev, 1, and in Bayamo, 1—making a total of 332. NUMBER OF WOMEN EMPLOYED AS ENUMERATORS. The number of women employed as enumerators in this district was only one in Campechuela, called America Betancourt. In Santiago they could not be employed, because the supervisor was not authorized to furnish them a companion, which would 656 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. have avoided the insults to which they were exposed in this capital, at least from those opposed to the census. GENERAL INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL CHARACTER OF THE ENUMERATORS, THEIR QUALI¬ FICATIONS AND ZEAL. With regard to the general intellectual and moral character of the enumerators, their qualifications and zeal, I must state that they must be divided into three groups: The monitors, the enumerators of the city, and those of the country. The first—that is, the monitors—all 19 showed great intelligence, activity, and good faith in all the work of organization, instruction, and vigilance, those of Santiago, Manzanillo, Bayamo, Holguin, Palma, and Gibara deserving special mention. These delegates personally paid for trips, going to all the places where their presence may have been required, gave proper account of the enumerators who did not work, and there were some who personally paid for the printing of proclamations and announcements for the others and for the public. The enumerators of the city, numbering 33, have done work fairly correct, in view of the short period of preparation and the difficulties they frequently encountered, being obliged to wait until all hours of the night for the return of the husbands or heads of families, when the latter refused to give any information without the inter¬ vention of the former, as well as many other causes which have been included in the body of this report. There have been many who have distinguished themselves for their exactness in the census, the zeal and rapidity of the work, but the following deserve special mention: Nos. 150, 115, 49, 220, 57, 40, 30, 37, 36, 29, 44, 28, and 31, and others which would make a list too extensive to mention. The enumerators of the country have been true Titans. Constantly having to cope with the inclemency of the weather, with the bad roads, and the poverty of the farm¬ ers who were not able to give them the proverbial hospitality of this class of people, being obliged to sleep in kitchens having no walls, detained in miserable hovels for days waiting for the rivers to go down in order to continue their work, living mostly on sweet-potatoes, and many of them losing their horses, they have finally conquered more by reason of their ambition than for the remuneration, which often was not sufficient to pay expenses. The Government, or rather the American people who read these descriptions, can not understand them and will probably believe that they are exaggerated, accustomed as you are to good roads, railroads, bridges, etc. It is necessary to see this and to go over the roads during the rainy season to get a correct idea. Who could be mentioned as the most worthy of these giants of duty and activ¬ ity? All of them; and their work executed on foot, on a chair, standing in the mud of the interior of the huts of the natives, tormented by the ferocious mosquitoes of the woods, by the smoke of the fires, etc., have a relatively large value, even for those who, having enumerated a small number of persons, have traveled immense distances, as was the case with those who went to the Sierra Maestra. In general I can not say less here—that the education, morality, qualifications, and zeal of the personnel employed have been excellent. I only had to discharge two, one in San Luis because he was too old and did not write plainly, and the other in Campechuela for having absolutely ignored the instructions he had received. Two or three resigned on account of illness and were immediately substituted without interrupting the census. INTERESTING DETAILS RELATING TO THE WORK. The details relating to the work, and which could be changed in a new census, are material and are confined to— First. The time. So delicate a work should never be executed in a country so destitute of means of communication and education, and especially during the time of heavy rains, in the period of forty-five days. Second. A great difference should la* made between the salary paid enumerators of cities and those of the country. If another census should be taken in the same APPENDIX IX. 657 period and under the same conditions, it would not be possible to obtain a personnel similar to the present one; only ignorant persons or those forced thereto through necessity would apply for the positions. One enumerator of the country who took part in the ten years’ insurrection and that of the last three years suffered so many hardships and perils taking the census that he was sorry he had accepted the posi¬ tion, saying that he preferred twenty years of war to repeating the work he executed only for pride’s sake and to keep his sworn word. I repeat that these details appear to be exaggerated. I assure you that there is a pass on the road from Baracoa to Maisi where a person is obliged to make the horse go before him creeping through the stones and follow him on all fours, with great danger of falling down an immense precipice. This road is that called “Mata Caballo,” (kill a horse). Third. The ink bottles sent to the enumerators were of no use, their long shape making them upset easily, and this office has spent a good sum in ink and was obliged to authorize some delegates to do the same. Inkstands with a spring should have been selected for the pocket, and, furthermore, a certain amount only should have been put in the bottles. Fourth. If the enumerators had been authorized to take their data with pencil and afterwards fill in the schedules at their homes in ink, all the work would have been better. Only the enumerators of the towns who had a table on which to write and a chair to sit on were able to keep their schedules clean and neat. Fifth. The portfolios allow the schedules of education and agriculture to slip out laterally. It would have been advisable, therefore, for them to have had two lateral fastenings, or that the second and third schedules had been made larger. Sixth. The waterproof covering is not sufficiently so, and allows the water to enter in crossing rivers. The tapes were sewn too near the edges; some became unfastened, and it was necessary to replace them. CONCLUSION. Finally, and in order to properly close this report, already of sufficient length, I consider it my duty to request the Assistant Director to use his influence in so far as possible to have established in this unfortunate island bureaus or offices of statistics, on the style of those existing in the United States, France, and Germany, which should, weekly or monthly, collect all the data relating to the increase or decrease of population, color, nativity, age, education, etc., of all the inhabitants, with a corps of agricultural engineers to make plans of the districts and fix natural limits for each one. Finally, that a general plan containing all the private plans of rural estates, leaving the ground belonging to the State and the royalties (realengos) clearly defined. In this manner everybody would know what he owns exactly, the large number of parcels of land without owners will be made use of, and without the expenses which have been incurred at the present time. In a short period these bureaus of statistics would be enabled to furnish these schedules filled in for a com¬ plete census and even more correctly. In this manner complete statistics could be obtained in Cuba which would give a real knowledge of the country with regard to its different climates, geological condi¬ tions, production, and wealth, information which the Spaniards never had during the four centuries they dominated the island, the lack of which prevents a knowledge of the great advantages which if known would surely attract heavy immigration to develop them. These bureaus of statistics would reveal the great resources and sources of wealth which Cuba contains. Yours, etc., Sabas Meneses, Supervisor of the Census . The Director of Cuban Census, Washington , D. C. (Through the Assistant Director.) 24662 - 42 658 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. APPENDIX X. WESTERN SWAMP OF ZAPATA, IN THE PORTION CORRESPONDING TO THE MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF JAGUEY GRANDE. [Details relating to the same compiled by the undersigned enumerator, No. 201.] First excursion. —I left the town of Jaguey Grande on the afternoon of the 15th of October, 1899, spending the night at the Victoria plantation in order to commence my work in the morning of the 16th, the date fixed for taking the census. At 5 o’clock on the morning of the 16th I left said plantation, accompanied by the guides, Polonio Miranda and Luis Gonzalez, all of us provided with repeating rifles, 200 rounds of ammunition, revolvers, machetes, bowie knives, shotguns, with ammu¬ nition therefor; also carrying rations to last us six days. At 8.30 a. m. we entered the swamp, leaving our horses at the Victoria plantation above mentioned. October 16 — First visit. —This was to Crocodile Island, where we found nothing deserving of special mention. Immediately thereafter we continued to the islets of Verde, Cujal, and El Ahorcado, where we spent the first night. The trip between the islets is very difficult, the swamp being from one-half to three yards deep, at which depth there is a firm, stony bottom. Many and various woods and birds abound on these islets. October 17. —Visit to the islets of La Galleta, La Caoba, El Ocujal, and La Cuchilla camping on the latter. During this trip we killed a number of crocodiles, measuring from 1 to 4 yards, making use of our arms and machetes for the purpose. The most abundant woods on this islet are mahogany and ocuje. The night was unpleasant and spent on guard, because crocodiles followed our party to the camp, four of them advancing to our mosquito bars, which we killed with great trouble. October 18. —I visited the islets of Jiqui, Alonso, Los Negros, and Bejuco 1st. On this day we killed seven turkeys and one* Indian rat (jutia) for our maintenance, because we had lost what we had with us on account of a storm. We spent the night on the islet of Bejuco, being followed again by crocodiles, with which we had an encounter lasting two hours, succeeding after killing two in dispersing them. 1 The guide, Luis Gonzalez, was wounded and bruised, as well as Polonio Miranda. There are some human remains on this islet, it having been one of the Cuban camps during the last war. October 19. —Visit to the islets Punta del Sinu, Palma Amarilla, Cuchilla Sola, and La Jutia. This day we killed nine crocodiles, from 5 to 6 feet in length. Our food consisted of turkey and fish and we spent the night on the last islet, where, by reason of being near the lake of Tesoro and many crocodiles infesting it, it was impossible for iLs to rest, as it was necessary to be on the lookout. On the islet Punta de Sinu, already mentioned, there exists a mineral spring -within a rock, around which there are still some Cuban camps. The temperature is very agreeable on this islet, the nights being cold. October HO. —On the morning of this day I visited the islets of El Agustin, Los Vol¬ untaries, El Lazo, Lojita, and Retorno, where we spent the night. During the day we killed 7 white heron, 1 turkey and 1 mud turtle. We slept in a stockade of palms, a defense which it is customary to make in order to avoid the attack of the crocodiles which prowled about during the night. At daybreak we were surrounded by a large number of crocodiles; our position being somewhat difficult, we succeeded in killing 4 crocodiles, using all our ammunition, and therefore by the use of our machetes and ganotes we were able to reach some trees and through their branches 1 The Caiman or American crocodile is very large and courageous. ENUMERATORS, CITY OF HABANA. APPENDIX X. 659 we traveled a distance of 45 feet, where, now out of danger, I determined to proceed, as will be related. October 21. —Lack of food on account of having used our ammunition in defense against the crocodiles. We decided to return in order to secure provisions. The dis¬ tance from the islet of Retorno to the town is 3 leagues, H being swamp. Arriving with difficulty at Jaguey at 11 o’clock, and after getting supplies, again at 2 in the afternoon set out and arrived at islet of Lomar de los Voluntaries at 6 in the even¬ ing. Slept there. Some graves of Cubans from the last war are on this islet. October 22. —Visited the islets of Concone, El Torno, El Carmelo, and El Perico. Killed 3 crocodiles, 2 mud turtles, 3 birds, and 1 Indian rat on this day. Islets very dense and difficult to penetrate on account of their marshy interior. October 23. —Visited the islets of Socorro. Killed 5 crocodiles, 3 wild doves, and 2 Indian rats. This islet is quite large and to reach it a difficult portion of the swamp has to be crossed, being near to the peninsula of Zapata. Found a family at the “ jato " of Maniadero composed of five persons. Asked the head of the family named Marcel Zacarias Morejon what the distance was from Santa Clara. He informed me that it was about 60 leagues. When asked what chief or government he recog¬ nized he answered “none.” That in those places everyone governed himself. Their food consisted of honey, Indian rats, meal, pumpkins, and some venison and coffee sweetened with said honey. The venison with much difficulty he caught with traps. Many mosquitoes and insects on this peninsula. October 24 .— At daybreak on this day started again for the swamp and visited the islets of El Campamento and El Alerta. Rained all day. Killed 2 crocodiles and 1 flamingo. Slept with wet clothing and tormented with mosquitoes. Our hammocks were swung 3 yards above the ground on the banks of the brook El Contrero, whose limpid waters rejoiced our spirits and in which are many fish. October 25. —Visited this day the islets of El Esquirel and El Contrero. Rains all day. Crossed several creeks which rise on the coast and empty into the swamp. Lost the way by reason of the darkness of the day and were obliged to camp in the center of the forest, where, after remaining two hours, it was impossible to support the pest of insects. Were obliged to enter the swamp and camp in some palms. We passed a very bad night on account of our position, the pest of insects, and the great darkness, the rains continuing at intervals throughout the night. Wet clothing caused the illness of the guide, Luis Gonzalez. While asleep in a palm the guide Miranda fell into the water, suffering a blow on the side and the consequent fright, but with the.greatest rapidity succeeded in regaining his former place. At daybreak the guide Gonzalez continuing ill, he was obliged to turn back, we accompanying him to a safe place, and thus I was left alone with Miranda. October 26. —Visited the islets of El Guanal and El Dagame. Rains continued, making traveling almost impossible. Seven crocodiles were killed and 4 partridges, catching also 4 “ guabinas." Spent the night on the islet of Dagame, tormented with insects. October 27. —Visited the islets of El Toro and El Jucaral. This day was one of much rain and wind. Killed 9 “yaguasas,” 1 “ garcilote," 6 parrots, and caught 3 ‘‘ majuaries ’’ (fish), passing the night on the last-mentioned islet. October 28. —Visited the islets of Los Pajaros and Martin Popito, the latter being so named on account of having been the camp of said chief in the insurrection and on account of his having been taken prisoner on the same. Previously this islet was known by the name of Los Voluntaries. Rains still continued. Killed 3 crocodiles and 13 11 yaguasas. 1 ' By reason of the high winds we spent a pleasant night, there being no insects. Visited at daybreak the islet Voluntaries, which has a large area. Rained all day, with high winds impeding our progress. Killed two Indian rats and three “yagu¬ asas." Camped on the banks of the Esquivel River. 660 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. October 30 .—Visited the islets of Tembladores and El Cangre. Road difficult on account of having to cross a large portion of the swamp through thick grass or weeds, and, our hunting ammunition having given out, we spent the night without food. October 31 .—Visited the islets of Vigfa de Socorro and El Angustia. Rain and sometimes a hot sun. Camped on the banks of Ninso Creek, swinging our ham¬ mocks 3 yards above the ground and passing a terrible night. November 1 .—Decided to go out of the swamp, on account of the lack of provisions. On the way visited the islet of Largo, which is of great importance for its woods and proximity to the coast. The crossing of this portion of the swamp, called Blan- quizal, is very dangerous by reason of the many covered holes, -which render it dan¬ gerous for a person to go without a companion to give assistance. Arrived in town at 9 o’clock in the morning. November 2 .—At daybreak left for Damuji, which islet I had reached at 6 o’clock the previous evening, having left town at 12 o’clock after getting supplies. This islet is quite small and contains the remains of Cuban camps. Spent a bad night on account of the insects. November 3 .—Left in the morning for the islets of Palisada Grande and Palisada Chica. This part of the swamp is difficult to cross, being covered with high grasses, and were obliged to set fire to the same in order to be able to continue our march. Killed 1 crocodile and caught 4 fish ( majuaries ), and spent the night in mangrove trees. November 4 -—Went over the islets of Majuari and El Pacifico. Rainy day. Killed a number of crocodiles and 2 Indian rats. There are several Cuban camps on these islets. Spent the night on this islet, intending to visit the next morning the penin¬ sula of Zapata. Our food consisted of boiled Indian rats and coffee, which is very necessary in this swamp on account of its strengthening qualities. November 5 .—Visited the brooks El Contero and El Salchicha. These brooks abound in fish and contain many mangrove trees. Killed the largest crocodile yet encountered. We cut him open to secure his fat, which is of great medicinal value. November 6 .—In the morning visited the islets of Las Auras and afterwards El Ojo de Agua. The latter spring has a circumference of 30 meters and a depth of four vards. It is situated on a rock and abounds with fish. Its waters are saltv, and we were obliged to shorten our stay on account of not being able to quench our thirst. We found fresh water on a small islet where we camped. We were near the peninsula of Zapata. The night was unpleasant on account of the insects. November 7 .—Visited the brooks El Esquivel and El Ninso. These brooks rise on the coast and empty in the center of the swamp. They contain many crocodiles. We continued our march, being desirous of getting on land and entering the penin¬ sula of Zapata. Landed there at 12 o’clock, although with some difficulty, on account of having the first guide, Miranda, sick, but very happy after suffering so many days of continuous torment and exposure. After taking a rest and some coffee we continued, at 2 in the afternoon, toward Santa Teresa, where we arrived at 6 o’clock, finding the first inhabitants of those regions. This was a widow, who had lost her husband in the war; she had four sons. Upon being asked her name she told me that it was Evarista Torres, widow of Agustin Arecibia, and informed me that her children had never received any education, there being no schools there. They did not even know their letters, never having seen any. They go almost naked, and wear shoes made of crocodile skin. Their habitation is made of tree trunks about 3 yards high, and dry branches constitute their bed. Their food consists of honey, pumpkins, and the meat of wild hogs, when they catch any. Upon being asked whether they liked the life they were living, or whether they wished to go to town, they answered that they were happy, having lived there all their lives. They had lost the cattle, goats, etc., they owned through the war, and that notwithstanding all that they had suffered and their poverty, they considered APPENDIX X. 661 themselves more happy at a distance from the world. Their hut is on the side of a large mountain. Left there, after drinking some honey and water, all we had had, at 7 that evening, continued to Santa Teresa, one-half league distant, arriving there at 8 o’clock at night. We found another hut with four inhabitants. Upon asking for the head of the family a man named Jesus Bonachea appeared, a native of said peninsula. Upon being asked w'hether he knew how to read and write he answered in the affirmative, stating that his father had sent him away from there to learn. Upon learning w r e had had nothing to eat for two days he offered us all he had in his hut, which consisted of venison, very tough, but which to our appetite was exquisite. He also gave us pumpkins, honey, and meal. Being tired, he gave us a corn house in which to sleep, the corn serving as a pillow. Notwithstanding the insects, we were so fatigued and worn-out that we slept profoundly. November 8 .—Rose early and set out, finding a hut in course of construction, very large. Found several inhabitants. Upon asking for the head of the family he w r as presented to me. Name, Eulogio Lobato, native of said peninsula, of the Cuban revo¬ lution. Family of 4 daughters and 3 sons. He is the person, when anything occurs, is called upon by the inhabitants of that region to represent them. Lives on 400 cabal- lerias of ground, the property of a German named August Guppe, residing in Habana. I requested some information of Mr. Lobato as to the progress of those regions, which he gladly furnished, stating “the war was my ruin, as of all of us, when the Spanish troops invaded this place, forcing me to flee and hide, taking my family w r ith me into a mountain where they spent several months without resources. ’ ’ Informed me that a few days before he had made a small excursion with the secretary of General Brooke for the purpose of exploring some of that territory. Tobacco grows very well here, the only difficulty being that the leaf is so thick. At 9 in the morn¬ ing got a good breakfast and continued conversation. I asked him about the bay and its depth and he then offered to take me over a narrow road which has existed some years from Santa Teresa to the sea. This line was lengthened by the German referred to, who is the owner of these lands, shipping timber by water, large vessels being able to enter. This line to the sea is of 4 kilometers. The bay is 7 leagues long and 3£ wide at its entrance, the rivers Ondoneo de los Jalalos and Caleta del Rosario emptying into it. It has a beautiful beach, where there was a Spanish fort which the inhabitants were that day pulling dow T n and in my presence. At the mouth of one of the rivers there is a very large rock and the inhabitants state that under it there is a large iron chest filled with money placed there by pirates, and state that this is an undoubted fact. This bay is known by the name of Bahia de Cochinos. The insurgents called it Bay of the Independence. On said bay I placed aboard with the following inscription: “ The enumerator of the Zapata swamp, in the province of Matanzas, number 201.” I have also affixed this number on all the islets that I have visited. Returned to the hut at 2 o’clock and, after some coffee, started out for the settlement called Caleta de la Gallina, which we were not able to reach the same day. We camped on the side of a mountain until the next day. November 9 .—Arrived at our destination at 8 in the morning, where we visited the islets of El Matias and El Corojal, which are near the peninsula. There are some ranches of the insurgents on the same. Killed 2 Indian rats and 3 “ sevillas,” on which we lived. Rained the whole afternoon and we were obliged to kindle a fire and dry our clothing. Set up our camp and passed a terrible night. I must state that the mosquitoes and insects are constantly in the swamp, but that during the rains they are much worse. November 11 .—On the morning of this day we set out along the coast—a very ardu¬ ous trip, by reason of the stones called “ dientes de perro” (dog’s teeth)—continuing to the islets El Narcisa and El Nazareno. Found several huts of Cuban camps on the same. Entering one of these huts found it occupied by a large crocodile, which we killed, together with three smaller ones lying alongside. We shot several wild REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. 662 pigeons and parrots, which furnished us food for the day. We ate hastily, as night was approaching and we were obliged .to provide ourselves with wood to form our stockade for protection. November 12 .—During the morning of this day we continued along the coast, crossing a place called Molino, inhabited by 8 persons. Rested a short time and took a little honey. These persons, as well as those before mentioned, live on Indian rats, venison, fish, and honey. Left at 10 in the morning for the islets El Diamante and Los Almiquenes. There are valuable woods on these islets and thousands of Indian rats. There are some graves of Cubans on these islets. At 4 in the afternoon began cooking our meal, which we ate at 7 and then retired. November 13 .—Left this dav for the islets of El Palmero and El Martirio. To reach these islets it is necessary to cross a bad portion of the swamp, some parts having to be swum over. We arrived at 11 o’clock a. m. A very hot sun shone all day, there being swarms of insects on account of the heavy rains. Killed 2 croco¬ diles and 5 “ seviUas ,” which were our nourishment. Spent a bad night. November 14 -—On this day visited the plantation of Jucaro Quemado, of 1,500 caballerias area. The ground is stony and mountainous. There are all kinds of woods. Arrived here at 10 in the morning and found one of the inhabitants in charge thereof. The owners live in Cienfuegos. The person in charge is called Martin Castillo. He belonged to the Cuban army and went through the entire cam¬ paign. Upon being asked as to the condition of the land he stated that although it was very rocky everything that was planted grew very well. We had a good break¬ fast—the only day we had had one—consisting of mud turtles, with bananas, yucca, and honey. At 1 o’clock we began our second march for the islets of El Infierno and El Insufrible. The former is composed of marshes and water and the second of thick woods, very dark, and with many insects, all tending to make it difficult of exploration. During the march through it we killed several crocodiles. At 8 o’clock we camped, surrounding ourselves with fire in order to be able to stand the night. November 15 .—In the morning of this day we started out for the plantation of San Bias. This plantation belongs to the state. One league before arriving at it is a small place where there are the graves of two brothers who belonged to the Cuban army. One, whose name was Matos, was a major, and the other, Bernardo, a private. At 1 o’clock in the afternoon, after going 6 leagues through the swamp and stones, we arrived at the first-named islet. After greeting several inhabitants whom we found there, we borrowed a boiler in which to cook our meal, not having had any¬ thing to eat during this march. We spoke to the person in charge of the estate, Mr. Isidoro Gonzalez, who informed us that the ground was bad for planting, but good for pasture. Upon being asked his occupation, he told me that he raised hogs and hunted Indian rats, sending them smoked to the ward of Primera Aguada, about 10 leagues distant. He sells said animals at 50 cents each and lives on the proceeds. He informed me that they had only 80 left; that they had lost many of a sickness with which they were not acquainted. He informed us that we were at a distance of 30 leagues from Jaguey Grande. We set forth at 3 in the afternoon for the islets of El Ingeniero and El Yigia de Juan Socorro. We arrived at these islets at 6 in the evening. This islet is called El Ingeneiro (The Engineer) because an engineer spent the night on it in 1889. This gentleman was called Carlos Cadarso, and had come to lengthen the line of the railroad of Matanzas to the peninsula of Zapata. We spent the night on the last-mentioned islet. November 16 .—On the morning of this day we left for the lake of Tesoro, arriving at 1 o’clock. This lake is 4 leagues in circumference. Two rivers rise in the same, which empty into the sea. The water is pleasant for drinking. The rivers are called Jodones de Jabalo and Caleta del Rosario. The trip to this lake is dangerous, there being many alligators and caimans, many of which we killed, wounding others. ENUMERATORS, CITY OF MAT A N 7 AS. APPENDIX X. 663 The inhabitants of the region round this lake informed me that it had been visited by the secretary of General Brooke during the month of September. It was not possible for this gentleman to make an excursion, not being acquainted with the swamp. He may be a witness to my statement as to the condition of the swamp. The secretary was accompanied on his excursion by the German, August Gruppe, owner of the plantation Santa Teresa. The islets are at a distance of 2 leagues from the lake, arriving there at 6 o’clock in the evening. We then prepared our meal, which consisted of mud turtles, our ammunition being exhausted. We spent the night in the sierra of Xuestra Senora Santa Barbara. November 17 .—In the morning of this day we continued our trip to the swamp called Pomplona, which is a very arduous trip, arriving at the islets of El Plateado and El Areledo which are not of much importance. They were inhabited during the last war by some families. We arrived at 10 in the morning without provisions, which forced us to stop and secure some guavas. It rained all day and we arrived at Perna Larga at 4 in the afternoon, finding one inhabitant called Pedro Arrece, whom after greeting we requested information as to our distance to Jaguey Grande and the direction, because the guides had lost their way. We continued the march to the plantation El Posario seeking food, for we had gone two days without it and without rest. Arrived at said plantation at 6 in the evening. There are some houses on this estate and we rested in one of them. There are also some hogs. The head of the house came out to receive us. The owners of the estate are Adolfo Herrera and Nestor Santamasino. I requested some food of Mr. Herrera, which was immediately furnished, with eggs, peas, rice, and pork, sausage, wine, bread, and coffee, besides orange preserves, and a good cigar. I wished to pay for all this, but the money was not accepted and I was given, furthermore, provisions and some ammunition for my rifle. November 18 .—On the morning of this day we started out to the islets of La Caimanera and El Jicasita, arriving at 11 in the morning. On these islands were sev¬ eral camps of Cubans during the last war. Woods of all kinds. Many Indian rats. Rained all day, preventing our continuing our march. November 19 .—We continued to the river Hanabana which is the river dividing this province from Santa Clara. Being that day very swollen, it was impossible to cross it—going along its shores until we reached the islet of Fermier, at which we arrived at 12 o’clock. Killed 5 crocodiles, some birds, and an Indian rat, which were our food. Passed a bad night. I had fever and it rained the entire night. In this place and for more than 2 leagues there are no trees but one “ceiba,” under which we camped. November 20 .—In the morning we set out for the coast toward the estate known by the name of Jaguasa, which before the war was used for breeding purposes. Arrived there at 12 o’clock, where all the food we found was coffee, being obliged to continue our march on foot and shoeless to the islet of La Siguanea, where we arrived at 4 in the afternoon. This islet, situated on the coast, is beautiful by reason of its immense palms, in which innumerable small parrots have their nests as well as some species of marmots, which are very large birds with a perfectly black plumage. We camped at this spot at the foot of the palms and devoted ourselves to hunting parrots for our dinner, which consisted of parrot broth, and as we were obliged to spend the night there we prepared our tents, etc. We retired at 7 o’clock. November 21 .—As on the day before we continued our march toward Jaguey Grande, visiting the islets of Pamplona and Bibanasi Prieto, arriving at the latter at 11 in the morning, killing 5 crocodiles and some birds for our meals. After break¬ fast we continued to the Cocadrila de Gardo, and from this point to Jaguey Grande, where we arrived at 8 o’clock at night, for the purpose of supplying ourselves with shoes, for we had been shoeless for four days, and with ammunition, coffee, tobacco, provisions, and clothing, preparing ourselves to return to the peninsula of Zapata on the following day. 664 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. November 22 .—I left at 3 o’clock in the morning with the two guides, Jacobo Morales and his son Jose, directly for the Zapata Peninsula and from there to the islet of Maniadoro, arriving at the swamp at 7 in the morning. It not being possible for us to go through the grass covering it, we were obliged to burn it before us in order to make our way, which was through swamp until 5 in the afternoon, when we arrived at the islet of “ElInvasor,” where we camped and took off our clothing wet by the heavy rain, falling all day, while we ate our meal. We killed 2 crocodiles during this day in some brooks located in the middle of the swamp. November 23 .—As usual, in the morning of this day we continued our march to the islets of Sarchicha and Sigeaapa, this crossing being very arduous. Arrived at these islets at 2 in the afternoon, where we only remained long enough to make some cof¬ fee, continuing immediately, as I wished to arrive at the peninsula as soon as possi¬ ble, having some places to visit. November 24 -—Very early in the morning took up the march, I suffering with fever and one of the guides with a heavy cold. Arrived at the peninsula at 10 o’clock. Stopped a few moments to take coffee, continuing to the farm called Maniadero. The road was not so unpleasant, being terra firma, but had so many dog’s teeth. Finally we arrived at said estate at 5 in the afternoon. Found one family only, the head of which, Marcelino Morejon, gave us a good dinner. Gave us a hut to sleep in and information on the land and forests. Informed me that the former was not good for agricultural purposes, being too marshy, and that the latter were valuable, although they had suffered much through fires. November 25 .—After taking coffee we continued our march to the estate called “Roble,” 1 league distant, which had inhabitants before the war but none now. Continued to the estate of Casas Nuevas, where we arrived at 11 in the morning, find¬ ing several families, who were enumerated. Continued, after taking coffee, toward the estate of Quemado Grande, which was inhabited before the war. Continued to that of Santo Tomas, which was also inhabited before the war, arriving there at 6 in the evening after a day’s journey of 9 leagues. During this march shot birds of various kinds. November 26 .—In the morning left for the islets of El Mai Tiempo and El Solo, which are on the same peninsula, and where we arrived at 9 in the morning, camp¬ ing to hunt, birds being very plentiful. Afterwards continued our march toward the islet called “ Del Maiz,” where we arrived at 2 in the afternoon, and I enumerated a family whose head, Jose Dominguez, is 90 years of age. Continued our march to the islet of Santa Teresa, where I had already been on my previous excursion, which we were not able to reach during the day, forcing us to spend the night in the woods. November 27 .—Continued this morning toward the islet of Santa Teresa, arriving at this point at 9 in the morning. The inhabitants prepared a good breakfast. After¬ wards took up our march toward Jaguey Grande, arriving at the islet of Majagual at 4 in the afternoon, where we camped, interrupting our march on account of its being impossible to continue because we were tired out. November 28 .—On the morning of this day when we got up to continue our march we found that there were 4 crocodiles surrounding the stockade we had built the night before for our defense. We dispersed them, I with my rifle and the guides with their shotguns, killing 3, the fourth disappearing wounded, I believe. Upon the conclu¬ sion hereof we continued the march toward Jaguey Grande, arriving at the edge of the swamp at 7 in the evening, after a very heavy march, as we had not stopped to rest but for a very few minutes. We camped near the edge and prepared to spend the night there. November 29 .—In the morning we continued our march toward Jaguey Grande, arriving at 11 in the morning at the Colonia Galdos, where we took coffee and rested, taking up our march again toward our destination, where we arrived at 6 in the evening, almost without any clothing. APPENDIX XI. 665 In going over the peninsula of Zapata from the farm of Maniadero to the islet of El Cocodrilo, a distance of 44 leagues, I have observed the following order: From Maniadero to the farm of Roble, 1 league; from this point to Casas Nuevas, 4; from Casas Nuevas to Santo Tomas, 5; from Santo Tomas to Maiz, 4; from here to Santa Teresa, 7; from here to Molina, 2; from Molina to Jiqui, 4; from Jiqui to Jucaro Quemado, 4 more; from Jucaro to San Bias, 3; and from here to Cocodrilo, 11. All these points are situated in the heart of the forests of this swamp. The expenses for food and guides during the said periods amounted to $164. .Taguey Grande, November 28, 1899. Sixto Agra monte. APPENDIX XI. REPORT ON THE ENUMERATION OF THE ISLETS OF THE NORTH COAST OF THE PROVINCE OF MATANZAS, BY FRANCISCO MARI, ENUMERATOR NO. 96. On the 16th of October, in the morning, I started out to visit the islets belonging to the province of Mantanzas, for the purpose of making the enumeration of the in¬ habitants living thereon, as the enumerator of the same. The islets belonging to these waters are almost without exception terra firma, and are proper for all kinds of works, as is shown by the provisions which the inhabitants of the same have been furnishing the market of Cardenas for years; but this year, probably due to the drought and to the scarcity of seed, little has been grown. All the woods are hard woods, good for the preparation of charcoal* and even for the building of houses. The inhabitants of Cingo Leguas live entirely isolated from each other, probably due to the large area of this island. Almost all of these indi¬ viduals devote themselves to the making of charcoal and to fishing, the latter almost exclusively for their own maintenance, although when their catch is large they take some of it to town and exchange it for provisions, but this is quite rare. These people—men, women, and children—care absolutely nothing about their clothing. The provisions they use for their maintenance are almost all of them adulterated. They use no shoes of any kind. Women work as much as men in cutting timber, in the making of charcoal, and around the house. It may be said that she is all man. Although these individuals are not in danger in case of bad weather, on account of the security of their houses, I must say that they are completely isolated from doctors as well as medicines. The latter are not found at all in the islets. There is no education at all in these islets, the people being entirely contented with their mode of life. The enumeration of the islets on the south side of the province was rendered more difficult than any others, owing to the lack of water in the bay of Santa Clara, for which reason vessels must stop at a great distance from the shores. Day laborers are very scarce. It may be said that these individuals do not earn more than 3 to 4 reales per day for 12 to 14 hours’ work. These individuals deliver to the owner or to the person in charge of the yard' 5 sacks of coal for $1.05, and the latter sells it at 4 sacks for $2.25, which is the average price of this merchan¬ dise on the market. About 300 caballos are shipped per month, equal to 1,200 sacks. The same customs regarding shoes, clothing, and maintenance are applicable to all the inhabitants of the islets in general, excepting the employees of the light-houses, who, being Government employees, dress differently, and have some comforts the others do not. The fish establishments classified on my schedules as vivaries are small, composed of 5 or more persons who work by the piece, do not have fixed hours of work nor 0G6 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. amount, although on an average they work 6 to 7 hours per day. The regular establishments, composed of 15 or more persons, work 12 hours, are exposed to more danger than any others, because these individuals work in the water and gen- ally at night. Their victuals are poor, and they earn 30 centavos per day. In Cavo Cingo Leguas there are a number of goats and hens, which can not be estimated, because their state of procreation dates back 9 years. There is furthermore a large saline territory belonging to the same owner of this islet, which is not being worked at the present time. The distances from one islet to another are moderate, and may be covered in more or less time, according to the wind and the sea, which latter influences the vessels very much. The dangers and difficulties we encountered I communicated to you at the proper time in my schedules in the first and second delivery I made to you during the latter half of the month of October. Although I do not remember exactly, 1 believe that the number of islets enumer¬ ated by me amounted to 70, although the plan shows only 36. The data which I gave you, together with the information I have been able to collect, cover all the points mentioned in your letter. 1 do not know whether I have fulfilled my duty in this connection. Francisco Mari, Enumerator No. 96 . Cardenas, November 26 , 1899 . APPENDIX XII. REPORT On’tHE CENSUS OF THE CITY OF CARDENAS, BY INSTRUCTING ENUMERATOR NUMBER 54, MARIA NUNEZ DE VILLAVICENCIO. Sir: From the time I had the honor of being selected by you to instruct the municipality of Cardenas, where I had under my charge 20 enumerators to prepare and direct, I realized the importance of the efforts I would have to make to fulfill my duty. You only could make me accept so thorny a position, and only the requests of so gentlemanly a man as the Assistant Director could force me to make a report on the work of the census in the city of Cardenas. On the 15th of September I came to this city to attend the classes which you were giving, and after eight days’ attendance and good preparation I left for Cardenas, to do the same work with the enumerators under my charge. On the 31st I sent a notice to all by means of a circular, and from the 1st of October to the 15th I gave daily classes to the gentlemen and ladies. I found it rather difficult to get the former to attend because, after two days, they informed me that they thought themselves well prepared; but I requested them to attend because the supervisor had thus ordered me, and that my duty was, before all, to fulfill the orders of my chief. I thus convinced them, and they came daily to the classes. As I had only five or six population schedules, and as there were 20 enumerators, I could not explain to each one, and I was obliged to make use of a large slate, on which I traced the same lines into which the population schedules were divided, and on the other side I drew an agricultural schedule or the school schedule, as was necessary. After inserting the same sections, and after having given some lessons, I requested them, one by one, to show me on the slate the different cases which might occur. The same gentlemen who at the beginning did not wish to attend came with pleasure, and many took notes on a piece of paper of the questions they wished me to explain, which I did with much pleasure, being glad to see that they were disposed to obey. I only wished to take as much weight off your shoulders as possible, and I did everything possible to keep the enumerators of Cardenas from troubling you more than possible. ENUMERATORS, CITY OF CARDENAS. APPENDIX XII. 667 I must also state that the regular and constant progress we have had has been due only to the intelligence and good order you showed in the minutest detail. The plans you gave each of us, where the streets were indicated, street by street, prepared the work for us in so clear a manner and so minutely that doubts were impossible. Another factor was your promptness in answering my telegrams, of which I sent a few, not wishing to do anything without your approval. Among my enumerators there were three who were to enumerate the country, the one of Guasimas, the other of Varadero, and the one of the islets. It was difficult for me to communicate my orders to these at once, but I made use of messengers and communicated them. The enumerator of the islets is seriously ill in consequence of the rains, because only on account of dire necessity and because there was no one else there I was obliged to take him. This poor young man I do not believe will be saved. I must state that on the 15th of October I was sorry to learn that a demonstration was in preparation against the enumerators who had come from Matanzas, of which I was informed by some of them. I believed that the best thing to do, after serious reflection and hearing the opinion of others, was to apply to the local authorities, with wffiom w r e had a conference. Their prompt orders calmed the three or four who were influencing the rest, and on the 16th all of them, without exception, began their work, which I had the pleasure of communicating to you by telegraph. The progress from that day has been quiet, wdth the exception of small incidents with some unimportant Spaniards, the importance of which is so insignificant that they do not deserve recounting. The enumerators of the city came every night to my house and gave me a detailed account of the work. I revised their schedules, made the proper corrections, and encouraged them to keep faith with you and to comply with the daily work which the assistant director recommended. I must here relate a fact which show T s the conscientiousness of the persons under my care and direction. The necessity of increasing the number of enumerations, and the notice which they saw—given them by I do not know w r ho—to the effect that you had sus¬ pended several enumerators of Matanzas for not having enumerated a sufficient num¬ ber, caused great dissatisfaction, obliging me to request your presence by telegraph. Your arrival calmed them, and the census continued without any hitch. Many cases w T ere submitted to me of families enumerated in other places, which cases, after being communicated to you, were favorably decided by you, always within twelve hours. The same occurred when you, at the request of the supervisor of Santa Clara, asked for the enumeration of the Arencibia family. Within an hour I had procured the information from the proper enumerator and had answered what was necessary. The good will and the intelligence of the enumerators made my work simple. Thus I was enabled to forward every five days a recapitulation by telegraph and the reports of each day by mail. On such days the enumerators would assemble, and the sum of the inhabitants, houses, estates, and animals was quickly made, and it was possible for me to forward them to you. Only the two enumerators of the coun¬ try and the one of the islets did not come punctually—due to their distance from here—being put back one or two days. As a proof of the respect they commanded, it is sufficient to state that the police was not necessary once, and that the ladies were respected and considered on all hands. This was the case when, in connection with the enumerator of the islets, I personally visited all those who owned vessels in order to secure a boat. I had the pleasure of seeing you again when you came with the commission to make the payments, leaving the entire personnel grateful for your kindness. I conclude in stating that my life was running along smoothly, devoted to the care of my parents and to the work of a school, when you called me to a new occupation with which I was unacquainted. And I to-day am aware of the fact that the battle 668 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 for existence is a prerogative of humanity, and that woman can and must support herself, being satisfied with myself, and even more so for having satisfied the super¬ visor who honored me. Cardenas, December 14, 1899. Maria Nunez de Villavicencio, Enumerator No. 54 . Claudio Dumas, Supervisor of the Census of the Province of Matanzas APPENDIX XIII. Enumeration districts and enumerators. PROVINCE OF HABANA. Enumeration districts. No. Designation. Enumerators. judicial districts: six. Municipal district, Habana. 1 Part of 2 .do 3 .do 4 .do 5 .do C .do 7 .do 8 .do. 9 .do 10 .do 11 .do 12 .do 13 .do 14 .do 15 .do 16 .do 17 .do 18 .do 19 .do 20 .do 21 .do 22 .do 23 .do 24 .do 25 .do 26 .do 27 .do 28 .do. 29 .do 30 .do 31 .do 32 .do 33 .do .do 85 .do 36 .do 37 .do 38 39 40 .do 41 .do 42 .do 43 .do 44 45 .do 46 .do 47 .do 48 .do 49 .do 50 51 .do 62 53 .do 54 Juan M. Gil de Leon. Francisco Marti Carrillo. Francisco R. Laguardia. Francisco P. Ricart. Francisco Carvallo. Fabio Freyre y Arango. Enrique Herrera G. Antonio B&rzaga. Juan M. Yznaga. Antonio Ordonez. Pedro P&ris. Pedro Elosequi y Diaz. Senorita Mercedes Padron. Senorita Aurora Armenteros y Orando. Juan Romay. Juan Hernandez. Ram6n A. Plasencia. Ygnacio Lancia. Rafael A. de Armas. Ricardo Aguado. Oscar Lopez Munez. Agustin Treto. Ramon de la Villa. Enrique Matheus. Do. Pedro Forcade. Eloy Diaz. Guillermo Perez de Uterera. Ram6n C. Hernandez. Nestor L. Carbonell. Aurelio Morales v D’Lisle. Ramon G. Revollar y Paneda. R. S. Spencer. Gabriel R. Capote. Eduardo S. Rodriguez. Jos6 Viada. Alfredo Ruiz. Gonzalo de C&rdenas. Alfredo Presas. F. Argilagos. Manuel Romero. Juan B. Acosta. Jos6 Lean£s. Alfredo Minguez. Alfredo Brito Cruzado. Ernesto Cuervo Eligio. Gustavo M. Alberty. Alberto Diago y C&rdenas. Santiago Auricb y Herrera. Manuel C. Cruz. Juan F. Machado y Hernandez. Matilde Rodriguez. Pablo M. Esplujues. Jose M. Acosta. No. 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 ; 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 APPENDIX XIII 669 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF HAB AN A—Continued. Enumeration districts. Enumerators. Designation. judicial districts: six —continued. Municipal district, Habana —Continued. Part of the city of Habana _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. Costo A. Rasco. Francisco A. Ragusa. Ricardo Carreras. Fran Pag6s. L. D. Acosta. Jorge Luis Silveria. Rafael de Cordova. Mariano R. Zayas. Augusto G. Menocal. Raoul Arango. Francisco G. Yglesias. Angel Gonzalez y Sanguily. Josd Sariol y Vallejo. Segundo Corvison. Manuel J. Garcia. Cecilio Marrero. Francisco R. Laguardia. Julio Martin y Lamy. Pedro Pons Puente. Angel J. Gonzalez Sastre. Manuel Andreu. Enrique Napoles Fajardo. Andr6s R. Navarrete. Josd Leal. Ricardo Ceballos. Josd Lean6s. F. Manito. Hortensia Del Monte. Ernesto Jerez Varona. Josd Anton y Alcal£. Ernesto Araoz. Sra. Fermina de C&rdenas. Sra. Victoria A. de Gonzalez. Anto. Aguiar. Enrique Porto y Vandrelt. Luis Lippi. Sra. Leticia Del Monte. Ramon de la Villa. Miguel Ortiz y Carrillo. Sra. Enriqueta Riera. Leocadia Avilas. Miguel F. de Lara. Josd M. Munez. Manuel de Armas. Guillermo M.Opancio. Guillermo Canaleja. Ernesto M. Barbosa. Luis C. Dulzaides. Joaquin Pardo Suarez. Ramon A. Plasencia. Juan Pl£ y Lorenzo. Pedro Grifol. Juan B. Acosta. Alfredo Brito. Francisco Lopez y Mayol. Francisco R. P. Medialdea. Aurelio Cdrdenas. Juan Viv6 y Cerdena. Sra. Dolores P. de Dominguez. Dionisio Castro Plans. Julian V. Sierra. Manuel de J. Garcia. Josd de Toca. Miguel Fernandez y Garcia. Manuel Sueyras y Robert. Al. Franca. Juan L. Rodriguez. Josd A. Perez. Manuel de Armes. Josd Roca y Grifol. M. Fernandez. Juan Pomar. Domingo S. Garcia. Enrique Trujillo. Mariano Acosta. No. 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 1*9 190 191 192 193 191 195 1% 197 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. Enumerators. judicial districts: six— continued. Municipal district, Ilabana —Continued. Part of the city of Habana. .do. .do. . .do. .do. .do. . .do. .do. .do . , .do. . .do. . .do. . .do. ..do. . .do. ..do . . .do. ..do. . .do. ..do. ..do. . .do. ..do. ..do. . .do . . .do. . .do. ..do . . .do . . .do . . .do. . .do. . .do . . .do . ..do . . .do. ..do . . .do . .do . ..do ..do ..do , ..do. ..do. ..do ..do . .do ..do . .do ..do Firs' part, Arroya Navanjo.. Second part Arroyo Naranjo First part Calvario. Second part Calvario. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, MARIANAO. Municipal district, Marianao. First part of Puentes Grande. Second part of Puentes Grande. Third part of Puentes Grande. First part of Quemados. Second part of Quemados. Third part of Quemados. First part of Cocoasolo. Second part of Cocoasolo. First part of Pocito. Second part of Pocito. Lisa. Playa. Municipal district, liauta. Jorge Entenza. Franco de E. Pichardo. Jacinto Chaple. Oscar G. de los Reyes. Josd Mendez y Pdrez. Federico de la Paz y Benitz. Luisa Casado de Nobo. Joaquin Hdvia. Francisco Polo y Diaz. Josd Noroiia. Sandalo Noval. Serafin de Bolivar. Benjamin Horscheck. Eduardo Patterson. Aurelio de Cdrdenas. Josd Valverdi y Losada. Guillermo Molinet. C&rlos Wegener. Josd Martos. Gustavo Alfonso. Nemo Guillo. Francisco Grave de Peralta. Alberto Guilld. Juan M. Lamadrid. Emelid Carrera. Franco Carrillo y O’Farrell. Josd Cauvadi y Topete. Anto Morejon y Capote. E. Gonzalez Acosta. Mariano P. Villalon. Franco B. Martinez. Juan Pomar. Jorge P. Carridn. Manuel Romero. Manuel F. Bolanos. Constantino R. Zayas. Fernando S. Amat. Francisco L. Mayol Gonzalo Jorrin. Casto A. Rasco. Gustavo Alfonso. Julio Fabre. Juan A. Michelena. Luis P. de Teran. Francisco Polo y Diaz. Do. Josd Alfonso. Miguel Rodriguez. Emilia de Cordova. Gustavo Gavaldd.. Anto. J. Marti. Pedro Machado. Joaquin Pardo Suarez. Santiago G. Aranda. A. A. Martinez. Martin Morgado. Francisco P. Pena. Pedro Saiuz. Josd A. Yturrioz. Carlos Quintero Ybanez. Antonio M a Ledn. Manuel H.Sanabria. Miguel Torriente. Pedro R. Alfaro. Carlos Martin y Cruz. Pedro Sainz. Hoyo Colorado. Baracoa, Anafe, and Coralillo A. Santa Ana. Ciirlos Valdes Rosas. i 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 APPENDIX XIII 671 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. Enumerators. judicial district, mariano— continued. Municipal district, Bauta —Continued. Guat4o ana San Pedro. Punta Brava and Cangrejeras. Punta Brava desde Calle de Ybafios nonos el Sur. Octavio Portela. Tom4s G. Estrada. Gonzalo de Castroverde. Municipal district, El Cano. El Cano y Jaimanitos. Arroyo Arenas. Wajay. Jose H. Hernandez. Adolfo F. Rodriguez, Carlos Morales y Martin. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, GUANABACOA. Municipal district, Guanabacoa. Este de la Asuncion (ciudad de Guanabacoa). First part de Oeste Asuncion (ciudad de Guanabacoa)... Second part de Oeste Asuncion (ciudad de Guana¬ bacoa). Este de San Francisco. Oeste de San Francisco. First part de Cruz Verde. Second part de Cruz Verde. Este de Corral Falso. Oeste de Corral Falso. Cojimar. Bacuranao . Bacuranao . San Miguel de Padron. San Francisco de Paula y Pepe Antonio. Campo Florida. Franc® Bautista. Lutgarda Arteaga. Franca Gorrin y Llorens. Enrique Rodriguez. Jos6 Escovedo. Martin Rodriguez. Miguel F. Ventura. Guadalupe Marty. Waldo Gonzalez! D. MontanOr. Jose Martinez. Mariano Puig. Jose A. Miyaya. Tom4s Su4rez Castilla. Oscar Ferrer. Municipal district, Managua. Managua (pueblo). Domingo Pablo, Lechuga, y Ojo de Agua. Barreto, Mazareno, Canoa, Ramos, P14ta.no y Anilito_ Joaquin de la Pezuela y Giroud. Ramiro de los Santos. Gonzalo del Cristo. Municipal district, Regia. First part of the first barrio. Second part of the first barrio. Third part of the first barrio. First part of the second barrio. Second part of the second barrio. First part of the third barrio. Second part of the third barrio. First part of the fourth barrio. Second part of the fourth barrio. Martin Sanchez. A. V. Caneghem. Manuel Ledo y Olivos. T. Aguiar. Domingo Toro. Jos6 Manuel Blanco. Juan F. Eguileor. Luis G. Llorente. Orfilio Muro y Garcia. Municipal district, Santa Maria del Rosario. Pueblo de Santa Maria del Rosario. First part of San Pedro que de al Sur de la Curretera de la Habana 4 Giiines. Second part of San Pedro que de al Sur de la Curretera de la Habana 4 Giiines. Capote, Grillo, Cambut6, and San Antonio. Eduardo Zamora. Juan M. Pons. Jos6 Pons. Manuel M a . Rodriguez. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, JARUCO. Municipal district, Jarcuo. Pueblo Plaza, Comercio, and Cuartel. Maceo, Garro, Guaicanamar, and Tablas. Puenti, Escaleria, Peni, Arroyo Vuelto, Trinidad, Cas¬ tilla, and Santa Barbara. Bocade, Jarueo, Guanabo, Santa Ana, Cruz del Padre, Loma Blanca, Rincon, Penas Altas, Justiz, and Campo Florida. Municipal district, Aguacatc. Joaquin M. Diaz. Pedro Parra. Amado Gonzales. Franco Calderon. Pueblo de Aguaeate. Zabalita. Reloj y Compostizo.. Senorita M a . AntonioM.de Bolanos. Ramon Castellanos. Gonzalo Averhoff. 672 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 Enumeration districts. Enumerators. Designation. judicial district, jaruco— continued. Municipal district, Bainoa. Bainoa and Santa Cruz. Caraballo. Mamey Duro and Reloj. Municipal district, Casiguas. Pueblo de Casiguas, Armenteros, Bainoa, Don Martin, and Rancho Viejo. Municipal district, Santa Cruz del Norte. Pueblo de Jabicoa, San Juan de Dios, y San Lorenzo. Pueblo de Santa Cruz del Norte.. Pueblo de San Antonio, Ri6 Blanco, and Urban of Yngenio, Loteria. Rural of San Antonia. Rio Blanco, and Yngenio, Carmen. Barrios ruralls de Correderas, Carboneras, La Sierra, San Matias y Soledad. Municipal district, San Jose de las Lajas. First part of cabecera of San Jos6 de las Lajas. First part of second part of cabecera of San Jos£ de las Lajas. Second part of second part of cabecera of San Jos6 de las Lajas and Portugalete, y Poblado Cuatro Camino. Cortilla, and Chavez y Managuaco. Jamaica, y Ganuza. Municipal district, Tapaste. Pueblo de Tapaste, San Andres, y Poblado Cuatro Caminos. Barrios rurales de Santa Barbara y J&ula. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SAN ANTONIO DE LOS BA&OS. Municipal district, San Antonio de los Banos. First parte de norte (city of San Antonio de los Banos).. Second parte de norte (city of San Antonio de los Banos). First parte de sur (city of San Antonio de los Banos) Second parte de sur (city of San Antonio de los Banos).. First parte de este (city of San Antonio de los Banos) ... Second parte de este (city of San Antonio de los Banos) . Chicharo. Santa Rosa. Ouintana. Seborucal . Govea . Monjas. Valle. Armonia_*. Municipal district, Alquizar. First parte de first barrio in pueblo (Alquizar). Second parte de first barrio in pueblo (Alquizar). First parte de second barrio in pueblo (Alquizar). Second parte de second barrio in pueblo (Alquizar). Este parte de Tumbadero. Oeste parte de Tumbadero.._ Palenque. Guanimar. La Paz. San AndrOs. Municipal district, Ceiba del Agua. Pueblo de Ceiba del Agua. Capellanias La Paz. Palma Picada y Palonino Virtudes y Chicharron. Geronimo Nadal. Jose M. Roco. Nicolas Rodriguez. Miguel Mateo. Manuel Vilaret. Francisco Rooira. Antonio Borjes. Jos6 J. Brito. Jos6 Ruiz. Delfin Dominguez. Esteban Lopez. A. T. Mendez Nunez. Evaristo A. Gonzalez. Arturo Echezarreta. Abelardo V. Asya. Bernandino Fernandez. Sra. C61ia de Cyrera. Sra. Clementina Gispert y Garcia. Carmen S. Almeida. Sra. Dolores Gispert Garcia. Tito Yllera y Schmidt. Miguel A. Porto. F. Fernandez Cadenas. Mariano Porto Rivero. Juan A. Casanova y Valdes. Miguel Francisco Porto. Ramiro V. Hernandez. Francisco F. Sanchez. Francisco Montero Leal. Francisco Vivanco. Alfredo Y. Amoedo. Juan M. Perez de Alderete. Hipdlito Reyna. An. Neguemela y Viera. Luis Marquetti. Hipdlito Reyna. Ricardo Villaescusa. Enrique M&rques. Di6nisio R. Lecuona. Alfredo Y. Amoedo. Man J. Acevedo. Avelino Ybatao. Luis B. Sanchez. No. 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 APPENDIX XIII 673 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. Enumerators. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SAN ANTONIO DE LOS BA$OS. • Municipal district, Giiira de Helena. Pueblo de Giiira de Melena,norte. Pueblo de Giiira de Helena, sur. Jerez . Tumbadero. Helena. Juribacoa. Gabriel. Cajio. Sibanacan . Mario Diaz y Mardretti. Francisco Ede Hevia. Miguel D. Rodriguez, Jose Ygnacio Leal. Enrique Odriozola. Marcelino Odriozola. Enrique Odriozola. Gustavo Diaz. Marcelino Odriozola. Municipal district, Vereda Nueva. Barrio Norte. Barrio Sur. Pedro Sanchez Chople. Juan Manuel Diaz. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, BEJUCAL. Municipal district, Bejucal. First barrio of the city (Bejucal). Second barrio of the city (Bejucal). Third barrio of the city (Bejucal). First part of the fourth barrio of the city (Bejucal). Second part of the fourth barrio of the city (Bejucal and Piedras). J6sus Maria, Santa Barbara, Beltran, Poveda, Aguas Verdes, and Viaj&cas. Franco Jener. Lorenzo Garcia. Max Agiiero. Placido Hernandez. Armando Comas. Manuel Bocanegra. Municipal district, Batabano. First parte de Surgidero. Second parte de Surgidero. Third parte de Surgidero. Fourth parte de Surgidero. Batabano. Mayaguano. San Agustin and Quintanal. Guanabo . Distrito, especial islets of the south and southwest. Bianlio Delgado. Octavio Delgado. Francisco de la Paz. Generoso C. Marquetti. Enrique Casuso. Wilfredo Ferr&n. Carlos Fonseca. Pablo M. Casuso. Pedro Parra. Municipal district, Quivican. Pueblo de Quivican. Delicias and Arango. Jaiguan and Giiiro Alarrero. Juan Beiro. Franc® Crisostomo. Manuel Coipel. Municipal district, Santiago de las Vegas. First parte de norte (cuidad Santiago de las Vegas). Second parte de norte (cuidad Santiago de las Vegas) ... First parte de sur (cuidad Santiago de las Vegas). Second parte de sur (cuidad Santiago de las Vegas). First parte de Calabazar. Second parte de Calabazar. Boveros. Dona Maria. Rincon. Man 1 Garbalosa. Arturo Rodrigiuez. Ma. del C. Sva. Pelligero. Juan Garbalosa. Enrique de Leon. Carlos G. Gayton. Jos6 Mikleff. Juan F. dez de Cossio. Teodoro Cabrera. Municipal district, La Salud. Paletas . Piedras, Chicharron, and Buenaventura. Villarreal, Gabriel, Giiiro de Bonigal. Ledo A. L. Navarro. Manuel Dorta. Gumessuido Cabrera Municipal district, San Antonio de las Vegas. Pueblo y Ri6 Blanco. Jano,and San Jos6 de Veitia y Concepcion. Jos6 Hernandez. Andres Cabrera. Municipal district, San Felipe. Pueblo de San Felipe. Aguacate. 24662 43 Jos6 V. Garcia. Luis Peraza. 674 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF HABANA—Continued. Enumeration districts. No. Designation. 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 judicial district, bejucal— continued. Municipal district, Ysla de Pinos. Nueva Gerona, y Sierra de Casas y Sierra de Caballas.... Santa Fe. Cuchilla Alta, Caleta Grande y Carboneras. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, GtllNES. Municipal district, Giiines. First part of the first district of Giiines y Rubio. Second part of the first district of Giiines y Cruz. First part of the second district of Giiines. Second part of the second district of Giiines. First part of the third district of Giiines. Second part of the third districtof Giiines y Llamaraguas. Fourth district of Giiines. Candela Sur, Candela Norte y Guanajo. Candela Baja, San Pedro y San Julian. Nombrede Dios.!. Municipal district, Catalina. Catalina Norte (Pueblo de), Lechugas, Encarnacion, Ocano y San Bias. Pueblo de Catalina Sur, San Marcos, Alderete, San Jos6 y Combre. Municipal district, Madruga. Este de la Pueblo. Oeste de la Pueblo y Ytabo. Cayajabos and Sabana de Robles. Concordia San Bias, and Majagua. Municipal district, Melena del Sur. First part de Pueblo. Second part de Pueblo y Costa. Lechugas, San Julian y*Charcas. Municipal district, Nueva Paz. First part of Pueblo Nueva Paz. Second part of Pueblo Nueva Paz. Bagaez . Pueblo de Palos. Rural de Palos al Norte. Rural de Palos al Sur. First part of Vegas. Second part of Vegas...... Municipal district, San Nicolds. Pueblo y Jobo. Paradero and Gabriel.!...!!!!!!!! Babiney,Prieto,y Caimito... Barbudo. Municipal district, Guara. Pueblo and Navio. Bayamo,Ruiz,Ponce,and Costa...".’."!.'.* Municipal district, Piplan. Pipian (town), El Jobo,Saldivar, y Corral Enumerators. Jos6 S. Amat. Claudio Diaz. Narciso Carcases. Rafael H. Tanes. Maximo Fernandez. Ygnacio Pizarro. Juan Pacheco Gomez. Pedro Nunez y Nunez. Francisco J. Castellanos. Federico Zervig&n. Aurelis Graco. J. M° Ortega. Carlos Figuerado. Enrique Alvarez. Rafael Lopez. Clara M. Pardenas. Antonio Galeano. Armando Fernandez. Alberto Pozo. Marcos D. Gonzalez. Jos6 Perez. Juan Gastdn. Jos6 Nogueira. Cornelio Bosquet. Bernadino Pachdn. Gregorio Venero. Antonio M» Perdomo. Antonio M a Peulomo. Obddlio Marrero. Luis A. D6chard. Aurelio Mulkay. Luis Medel. Antonio Rivas. Miguel Troya. Rufo Lopez. Firmiro Alfonso. Agustin Fernandez. No, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 APPENDIX XIII 675 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. Enumeration districts. Enumerators. Designation. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, MATANZAS. Municipal district, Canasi. First partede la distrito norte. Second partede la distrito norte v de la distrito sur Third partede la distrito norte y de la distrito sur . 3funicipal district, Guamacaro. First part of Limonar. Second part of Limonar. Third part of Limonar. Fourth part of Limonar. Fifth part of Limonar. Sixth part of Limonar. First part of Caobas y Canimar. Second part of Caobas y Canimar. Sumidero y San Miguel. Guamacaro. Coliseo. Municipal district, Santa Ana. First part of the district. Second part of the district. Third part of the district. Fourth part of the district. Fifth part of the district. Municipal district, Matanzas. Part of the city of Matanzas. _do. _do. _do. _do. -do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. —do. _do. -do. -do. _do. -do. _do. _do. _do.*. _do. _do. Asylums, hospitals, and convents. First part of Seiba Mocha. Second part of Seiba Mocha y San Francisco de Paula .. Third part of Seiba Mocha y San Francisco de Paula.... Yumuri. Quarto (Corral Nuevo). First part of Cumbre y Bacunayagua. Second part of Cumbre y Bacunaygua. Guanabana. Arroyo la Vieja v Campana. Canimar y Paso Seco. . Camarioca. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, CARDENAS. Municipal district, Cardenas. Part of city of Cardenas. _do. Gonzalo S. Hernandez. Marcos Roig. Francisco M. Diaz. Asuncion Garcia. Jos6 Jordan. Aurelio Garcia. Francisco Gonzalez. Aurelio Garcia. Eduardo L. Booth. Luciano Macias. Francisco Gonzales. Eduardo L. Booth. Ramon Llanos. Antonio de Leon. Pedro Espinosa. Jos6 M. Espinosa. Carlos Grima. Solomon Escariz. Manuel Martinez, Genoveva Del Monte. Ana Josefa Domenech. Maria Fernandez y Soto. Maria J. Herrara. Regina Lanigan. Maria Polio. Maria L. Perez. Rosario L. de Casado. Consuelo Menendez. Lia Andux. Angela Hernandez. Domingo Lamadriz. Eduardo Garcia. Mercedes Alfonso y Quintero. Ambrosio Lamadriz. Carmela Vinageras. Antonio Caballero. Enriquita Alsina. Luis Rodriguez y Hernandez. Ramon G. de la Maza. Maria R. Herdandez. Francisco Y. Huan. Ramon Rivero. Maria Serrate. Rosario L. de Casado. Enriquita Alsina. Maria Fernandez. Luis Rodriguez y Hernandez. Consuelo Menendez. Maria Serrate. Rosario Rodriguez. Gabriel Villada. Ramon Menendez. Pedro Borrell. Emiliano Moreno. Eduardo Campuzano. Jos6 Nunez. Bandilio Piqu<§. Pedro Y. Acevedo. Felix Campuzano. Nicolas Lamadriz. Maria Beoto. Vincente Font. No 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS—Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. judicial district, cardexas —continued. Municipal district, Cardenas —Continued. Enumer. Part of city of Cardenas. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do.. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. Cantel y Gu£simas. _do .. Varadero y Siguapo.. Municipal district, Carlos Rojas. Tosca.. East part of Carlos Rojas.. Second part of Carlos Rojas.. Conformidad y Alcancia.. West part of Carlos Rojas. Municipal district, Marti. First part of Marti.. Guamutas Marti. Second part of Marti. Third part ot Marti.. Guamutas.. Ytabo Lacret.. Motenibo. Teja. Rio la Palma.. Manuel M. Martinez. Josefa Smith. Fredo Torret. Maria Munez de Villa vicencio y Garcia. Pablo Ochoa. Piedad Andux. Catalina Rodriquez. Elvira Parraviani. Francisco Vego y Gomez. George G. Deetjens. Anibal Duarte. Jos6 R. Verdura. Manuel Cardona. Lisando Sosa. Josefa Smith. Piedad Andux. Manuel M. Martinez. Lisando Sosa. Do. Ambrosio Garcia. Rosa Diaz Argiielles. Luis Moynelo. Martin Gonzales. Dolores Ferrera. Nicolas Gonzales. Francisco Nodarse. Rosario Ortega. Pedro Lanigan. Fernando Yradier. Felina Pardomo. Alfredo Haedo. Vincente Lopez. Miguel Haedo. Enrique N. Bolanos. Fernando Yradier. Pablo Perez. Municipal district, Maximo Gomez. First part of Maximo Gomez. First part of Rancho del Medio. Sabanilla de la Palma. Altamisal. Second part of Rancho del Medio. Second part of Maximo Gomez. Third part of Maximo Gomez. Juan M. Jatirs. J. Otero. Jose Parenzuela. Octavio Barrelo. Marcos Andreu. N. Lamadriz. Jos6 V. Parenzuela. Municipal district, Jovellanos. First part of San Jos6. Second part of San Jos6. Third part of San Jos£... Fourth part of San Jos6. Fifth part of San Jos6. Sixth part of San Jost*. Seventh part of San Josd. First part of Asuncion. Second part of Asuncion. Third part of Asuncion. Fourth part of Asuncion. Fifth part of Asuncion. Realcnzo. Municipal district, Mendez Capote. Ramiro Gispert. J. M. Ximeno. Manuel M. Domenecli. Antonio Sotolongo. J. M. Ximeno. Pedro Magrina. Antonio Sotolongo. Adela del Pino. Caridad Prado. Do. Miguel Carratalsi. Manuel M. Domenech. Pedro Magrina. First part of Langunillas.' Antolin Mendez. Second part of Langunillas. j Adolfo Gonzales. First part of Contreras.I Julian Escalona. Los Cayos (The Keys), all north of judicial district of i Francisca Mari. Cardenas. No. 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 APPENDIX XIII. 677 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS—Continued. Enumeration district Designation. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, ALACRANES. Municipal district, Alacranes. First part of Estante. First part of Alacranes (east). Second part of Alacranes (west). Third part of Alacranes (east) . Second part of Estante. Third part of Estante. Fourth part of Alacranes (west) . Fifth part of Alacranes (east). Galeoncito. Municipal district, Bolondron. First part of Bolondron. Second part of Bolondron.. Third part of Bolondron. First part of Giiira. Second part of Giiira.. First part of Tienda Nueva y Gonzalo. Second part of Tienda Nueva y Gonzalo .. Third part of Tienda Nueva y Gonzalo_ Fourth part of Tienda Nueva y Gonzalo .. Las Piedras y Manuel Alvarez. Lucia. Galeon. Municipal district, Cabezas. First part of Cabezas. Second part of Cabezas. Magdalena. Bija. Vieja Bermeja. Lima. Municipal district, Union de Reyes. First part of Yglesia (urban). Second part of Yglesia (urban). Third part of Yglesia (urban). Fourth part of Yglesia (urban). Fifth part of Yglesia (rural). Sixth part of Yglesia (rural). Seventh part of Yglesia (rural). Pueblo Nuevo. Municipal district, Sabanilla. Sabanilla. Rio de Auras. Palma. Canimar. Monde jar. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, COLON. Municipal district. Colon. Part of city of Colon. _do. _do. _do.. —do. -do. _do. _do. Calimeta. First part of Amarillas. Second part of Amarillas. Municipal district, Cuevitas. First part of Pueblo de Cuevitas. Second part of Pueblo de Cuevitas. First part of Venturilla. Second part of Venturilla. Jabaco. Asiento. Enumerators. Juan Jos6 de Leon. Dolores Junco. Rosario de Fuentes. Arturo Rivas. Leanardo J. Figueroa. Arturo Rivas. Emilia Rodriguez Lara. Juan Quintana. Lazaro Bango. Carlos Herrara y Artiles. Maria T. Olano. Celia Tarafa. Caridad Llima. America Hernandez. J. Magier Tarafa. Carlos Herrara y Artiles. Celia Tarafa. America Hernandez. Perez Diaz. Jos6 M. Guedes. Juan S. Diaz y Hernandez. Eloisa Garcia y Bolano. Francisco Suarez. Eladio Guzman. Francisco Suarez. Eldemiro Gonzales Ramos. J usto Penichet, Pedro Lamadriz. Clarisa Roig. Sofia Blanco. Pedro Lamadriz. Jos6 Nunoz. Antonio Margue. Jos6 Nunoz. Gabriel M. Quesada. Etelvina Sanchez, Antonio Martel. Enrique Astolfl. Ygnacio S. Quiros Marcos Espinosa. Julian F. Ramero. Otilia Miravet. Rita Garcia. M. Marquette. Fermin Aguirre. Manuel Michelena. Aurelio Lugo. Victor de Armas. Aurelio Andress. Angel Baluja. Aurelio Lugo. Matilde M. Fangul. Mateo Fernandez y Torres. Jos6 R. Benavidas. Jos6 Menendez. Ricardo Perez. IiamOu Gonzalez. 678 REPORT OK THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS—Continued. No. 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 286 236 237 238 239 Enumeration districts. Enumerators. Designation. judicial district, colon— continued. Municipal district, Macagua. Arabos. Macagua. First part of San Pedro de Mayabdn. Second part of San Pedro de Mayab6n.... Monte Alto... Municipal district, Macuriges. First part of Corral Falso. Second part of Corral Falso. Third part of Corral Falso. Fourth part of Corral Falso. Ciego. Punta Brava. Rio Blanco. Platanal. Batalla. Navajas. Tramojos. First part of Linche. Second part of Linche. Claudio. Municipal district, Palmillas. Part of Manguito. _do. _do. _do. Part of Jacan. _do. _do. Part of Cumanayagua. _do. Sabanilla de Guareiras Part of Pamillas. -do. Municipal district, Perico. First part, south. Second part, north. Third part, north. First part of Altamisal. Second part of Altamisal. Municipal district, Roque. Part of Coabillas. Qunitana y Tomeguin. First part of the pueblo. Second part of the pueblo. Guamajales . Part of Mostacilla. _do. Part of Coabillas. Municipal district, San Jose de los Ramos. Part of San Jos6 de los Ramos. .do. Part of San Jos6 de los Ramos y part of Banaguises Part of San Jos6 de los Ramos. Part of Banaguises. _do. Agiiica. Part of Banaguises. Municipal district, Jagiiey Grande. Part of Jagiiey Grande. _do. Part of Lopez. _do. Gallardo. Sinvi. Ruvira. La Cienega. Maximo Casada. Tori bio Santurio. Jacinto Magin. A. Salado. Rafael Benemelis. Jos6 M. Ortega. Ynez Ponce Roque. Aquilina Sanchez. Juan F. Aloy. Guadalupe CarrandA Antonio J. Sanchez. Francisco Olano. Andres Tarrero. Domingo Ponce. Marcos Diaz. Evaristo H. Piedro. Juan F. Aloy. Jos6 M. Ortega. Rogelio Roque. Mercedes C. Rousselot. Luis Felipe Cabrera y Espinosa. Enrique Ramos. Marcos Diaz Fernandez. Antonio Rodriguez. Juan Sanchez. Luis Felipe Cabrera y Espinosa. Maria R. de Armas. Luis Muni. Ysaac Cabrera. Francisco Quian. Luis Felipe Cabrera y Espinosa Mercedes Calvo. Antonio Lima. Pedro Yglesias. Ramon Bon. Pedro Arrietta. Adolfo Sillar. Jos6 Maynoldi. Rosa C. Ybarra. Brigido Amador. Ramon Santa Marina. Antonio Acevedo. Jos6 Maynoldi. Firso Nunoz. Josefa Alvarez Galvani. Jos6 P. Arburua. Juan Alvarez Cerice. Eduardo R. Volera. Mercedes Ramos. Julio Hernandez. Joaquin Enriques. Ramon Pingpalat. Eugenio I. Galvaz. Conrado Ruiz. Alfredo M. Dally. Conrado Ruiz. Angel Leal. Manuel Volta. Rafael Jordan. Sixto Agramonte. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 APPENDIX XIII Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. Enumeration districts. Designation. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, PINAR DEL RIO. Municipal district, Pinar del Rio. Part of the city of Pinar del Rio. _do. _do. _do. _do. _do. First part of Ysabel Maria. Second part of Ysabel Maria. First part of Sumidero. Second part of Sumidero. First part of Cabezas. Second part of Cabezas. First part of Fairones. Second part of Fairones. Third part of Fairones. First part of Rio Sequito. Second part of Rio Sequito. Rio Feo. Guayabo . Paso Viejo. First part of Ovas. Second part of Ovas. First part of Marcos Vazquez. Second part of Marcos Vazquez. First part of Cangre. Second part of Cangre. Third part of Cangre. San Jos6... Municipal district, Consolacion del Norte. La Palma and Rio de Puercos. Rio Blanco and Arroya Maranjo.. Vegas Nueavas. La Jagua. Berracos. Caiguanabo. San Andres. Las Puentes. Enumerators. Franco Urrutia. Angel Coloma. Nilo Caso Luengo. Bernando de la Rianda. Evangelina Aymerick Pedro Pablo Pequeno. Julian Rodriguez. Alfonso Amado. Felipe Baron. Adolfo Menor. Tomas Estellez. Miguel Valdez. Miguel Pereda. Sixto Cruz. Jos6 Ma. Sanchez. Ygnacio Medrano. Amado Baylina. Jos6 Manuel Pequeno. Aurelio Gravier. Antonio Raimat. Antonio Valdez Gil. Enrique Tellez. Gonzalo Jordan. Miguel Diaz. Jos6 Maria Nieto. Alberto Gomez. Enrique Sanchez. Augusto Fornaguera. Rafael Valle. Julio Avendano. Ynez Borrego. Juan Rueda. Lucio Garcia. Jorje Arrastia. Benito Salazar. Manuel Fernandez. Municipal district, Consolacion del Sur. First part of Villa, Consolacion del Sur. Second part of Villa, Consolacion del Sur. Rio Hondo. San Pablo y Camarones. Horcones. Colmenar and Hato Quemado. Lena. Pilotes. Naranji and Caimitos. Santa Clara. Lajas and Caperuza. Alonzo Rojas. Municipal district, San Juan y Martinez. First part of San Juan. Second part of San Juan. First part of Martinez. Second part of Martinez. Galafre and Guillen. Rio Seco. Arroyo Hondo. Lagunillas. First part of Luis Lazo. Second part of Luis Lazo. Third part of Luis Lazo. Fourth part of Luis Lazo. Municipal district, San Luis. First part of San Luis. Second part of San Luis. First part of Barbacoa. Gonzales G. Govantes. Enrique Martinez. Gregorio Alonso. Juan Carrion. Jos6 Miro. Francisco Alonso. Ramon Mas. Juan M. Alcalde. Auturo Pino. Manuel Pino. Salvador Valdes. Jos6 Rios. Gillermo Ybaiiez. Ramon Amado. Jos6 Veytes. Amado Canal. Ramon Amado. Severo Guerra. Carlos Sanchez. Luis Lopez Marin. L. L. de la Vega. Rogelio Gonzalez y Sanguily. Alberto Valdart of Zulueta. Maria Domenech y Lorda. Francisco Cabarrocas. Eduardo Valderez. Jos6 Bencones Ramos. Angel E. Rosende Zayas. Rafael P. Bonachea. Luis Valasco. Rodolfo Valderas. Eduardo Valderas. Rigoberto F. Sabido. Rogelio F. Talon y Junes Buenaventura Gali. Juan M. Nunez. Jos6 M. Garcia. Manuel Estrada. Buenaventura Gali. APPENDIX XIII 689 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. Enumeration districts. No. 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 &57 358 359 360 361 362 Designation. judicial district, REMEDios—continued. Municipal district, San Antonio de las Vueltas. Cabecera (Antonio de las Vueltas). Charco Hondo.. Aguada de Moya.. Sagua la Chica y Cayos.. Taguayabon.. Vegas de las Palmas.. Piedras.. Quinta. Vego Alta.. First part of Bosque.. Second part of Bosque.. Sur y Oeste de Egidos.. Municipal district, Yaguajay. First part of Cabecera (Yaguajay). Second part of Cabecera (Yaguajay). First part of Mayajigua.. Second part of Mayajigua. Seibabo. Centeno . Meneses. Bamburano. First part of Keys, and institutions. Second part of Keys.. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, TRINIDAD. Municipal district, Trinidad. First part of the city of Trinidad. Second part of the city of Trinidad. Third part of the city of Trinidad... Fourth part of the city of Trinidad,. Fifth part of the city of Trinidad.. Sixth part of the city of Trinidad. Seventh part of the city of Trinidad. Eighth part of the city of Trinidad. Casilda (urban). Casilda (rural and keys). First part, Rio de Ay... Second part, Rio de Ay. Cabag&n. First part, Guaniguical... Second part, Guaniguical. Caracusey . San Pedro. San Francisco. Giiinia de Miranda. Jiquimas. Fomento. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SANCTI SPIRITUS. Municipal district, Sancti Spiritus. First part of the city of Sancti Spiritus.. Second part of the city of Sancti Spiritus.. Third part of the city of Sancti Spiritus. Fourth part of the city of Sancti Spiritus.. Fifth part of the city of Sancti Spiritus.. Sixth part of the city of Sancti Spiritus.. Seventh part of the city of Sancti Spiritus.. Eighth part of the city of Sancti Spiritus. Ninth part of the city of Sancti Spiritus. 1 enth part of the city of Sancti Spiritus. Jibaro . Chorrera Brava. Cabaiguan. Guayos. Santa Lucia. Manacas. First part of Paula. Second part of Paula. Third part of Paula. 24662-44 Enumerators. Gillermo Espinosa. Jos6 Mendez. J. M. Nunez. Rafael C. Echernendia, Raimundo Rebollar. Perfecto Corrazona y Rodriguez. Florinda de la Hoz. Rafael Perez Pedroso. Desiderio Jimenez. Prospero Perez. Rafael C. Echernendia. Celestino Espinosa. Clementina C. Prieto. Teresa P. Laredo. Salvador G. Greham. Juan B. Garcia. Alfredo C. Prieto. Eliseo Suarez. Arturo Jimenez. Rafael Perez. Jos6 B. Borges. Juvial Davila. Elena Gonzalez. Teresa Mestre Cagigal. Enrique Pina Jimenez. Elvira Cabana. Elinda Cortes y Silva. Enrique Lara. Sofia Torrado y Ponce. Mercedes Pomares y Gonzales. Blanca Corbeiller. D. Petersen. Miguel Mainegra. Pio Daniel Cadalzo. Jos6 Ma. Mauri. Carlos E. Lynn. Nicanor J. Dominguez. Fernando H. Reyna. Vincente Panadez. Elrov Cabana y Orri. Teodoro de Leon. Vincente Sudrez. Perfecto Quintana. Rafael Pina y Marin. America A. Gonzalez. Ana G. P. Echernendia. America Castaneda y Valdeira. Natalia y Canizares y Gomez. Franco, del Valle Gonzalez. Altagracia de Cespedes y Canyares. Maria W. Verson. Mariano Gomez y Gomez. Joaquin Gomez. Mariano J. Palmero y Hildago. Adolfo C. Canas. Francisco L. Sori. Tomas F. Rodriguez. Roque V. Ambrosino. Miguel M. del Toro. Juan Y. Perez. Miguel Minguez. Adolfo C. Canas. 690 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Enumeration districts and enumerators. —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA.—Continued. Enumeration districts. Enumerators. No. Designation. judicial district, sancti spiritus— continued. Municipal district, Sancti Spiritus —Continued. 363 First part of San Andres. Manuel P. Jimenez. 364 Second part of San Andres and Pueblo Nuevo. Mariano Gomez. 365 First part of Taguasco v Pedro Barba. Luis R. Rensoli. 366 Second part of Taguasco y Pedro Barba. Sixto Fernandez Latorre. 367 Third part of Taguasco y Pedro Barba. Roque V. Ambrosino. 368 Bellamota. J.R.C. Gomez. 369 Paredes. B. Weiss Gramtges. 370 First part of Guasimal. Jesus Cruz Ordoz. 371 Second part of Guasimal. Adolfo C. Canas. 372 Tunas de Zaza. Rogelio P. Estrada. 373 Cavos Doce Leguas. Rafael M. Morgado. 374 Ba'nao. Barnabe de Pina y Valdes. SANTIAGO DE CUBA. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SANTIAGO DE CUBA, NORTE. Municipal district, Alto Songo. 1 Alto Songo. Juan Lopez. 2 .do. J. M. Bravo. 3 Moron. Jos6 Castillo. 4 El Socorro y Mava. Domingo Grinau. 5 Ti Arriba. Miguel S. Giro. 6 Loma del Gato. Armando Villalon. rr / Palenque. Emilio Mas. 8 .Tarahueca. Guillermo Bolivar. 9 Mayari Arriba. R6mulo Carbenell. 10 Florida Blanca. Ricardo Rizo. Municipal district, Palma Soriano. 11 Palma Soriano. A. Meana. 12 .do... Pedro Valiente. 13 Las Cuchillas. Norberto Romero. 14 Remanganaguas. Tomas Artigas. 15 Sitio. Lino Hourrutiner. 16 Concepcidn . Buenaventura Beaton. 17 San Leandro. Herminio Lovis. 18 Yaravabo. Arcadio Ysaac. 19 Cauto Baire. Rafael Salazar. 20 Dorados. Bartolome Ramis. 21 Cauto Abajo, first part. Miguel Planas. 22 Cauto Abajo, second part. Manuel Benitez. 23 Santa Filomena. Lino Benitez. Municipal district, Santiago de Cuba. 24 Dajao. Ramon Regiieiferos. 25 Santo Tom&s. Ernesto Giro. 26 .do. Juan Mavon. 27 .do. O. Ybarra y M. 28 .do. Franco. Guasch. 29 .do. Francisco Romani. 30 Cristo.. Juan Cros. 31 .do. T. Rouseau. 32 .do. Manuel Puncet. 33 .do. Alberto Cuti6. 34 Cristo (coastwise ships). Jos£ Chamizo. 35 Trinidad. Angel Mesa. 36 .do. Lino CaraballO. 37 .do. .TnsO Pagliprv. 38 .do. Enrique Caminero. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, SANTIAGO DE CUBA, SUR. Municipal district, Santiago de Cuba. 39 Belen . Juan Cortez Gonzalez. 40 .do. Rartolomp Portnondo 41 .do. Octavio Sant6. 42 .do. Franco Cuti6. 43 .do. Rafael Bergues. No. 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 i 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 APPENDIX XIII 691 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. SANTIAGO DE CUBA—Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. judicial district, Santiago de cuba, SUR— continued. Municipal district, Santiago de Cuba —Continued. Enumerators. Dolores. _do. _do. _do. Dolores. Catedral. _do. _do. _do. _do. Catedral Belen las Lagunas Ramon de las Yaguas. _do. Municipal district, San Luis. San Luis. _do. _do. _do. _do. Monte dos Leguas. _do. La Luz. Dos Caminos. _do. _do. _do. _do. Jos6 Perozos. Jose Bargallo. Manuel Perez. J. J. Hernandez. Octavio Peralta. Florentino Rosell, Mariano Gonzalez. Lino Salazar. Miguel Pacheco. Alfredo Navarro. Juan Hechavaina. Rafael Ribas. Octavio Nuiry. Manuel Badia. Juan E. Menendez. Juan Gonzalez Vera. Conrado Menendez. Francisco Burgos. Francr. Pol. Jose Alayo. Modesto Carbo. Joaquin Guardia. Juan Rodriquez. Jose Dedieu. Jose Ma. Gonzalez. Eugenio Bartutes. Municipal district, El Caney. Caney . _do. Lagunas. Sevilla. Guaninicum. _do. Dos Bocas. _do. Barajagua. Paz de los Naranjos. Damajayabo. _do. _do. Zacatecas. Daiquiri. Cristo. ....do Municipal district, Cristo. Municipal district, El Cobre. Cobre. _do. Ermitano. Asserradero .. Macio.1. Sevilla. Sevilla. Dos Palmas. —do. Manacas. Santa Rita.. Rio Frio. Botija.. Cayo Smit.. Caimanes. Brazo de Cauto. _do. Hongolosongo.. _do. Nima Mima. Manuel Valiente. Alfonso Anaya. Jos6 Busquet. Aurelio Cabrera. Manuel Domingo. Alberto Ybarra. Rafael Lopes. Julio Rojas. Manuel Villalon. Santiago Soto. Otavio Mena. Domingo Fernandez. Felix Carbonell. Ernesto Brioso. Luis Rodridgues. Frederico Cutie. Francisco Gramatges. Santiago Jambu. Urbano Justiz. Frederico Bolivar. Josd Niubo. Carlos Pillot. Rafael Palacios. Tomas Garzon. Evaristo Hernandez. Domingo Zambrano. Miguel Balanzd. Pedro Couret. Fulgencio Diaz. Ricardo Carulla. Marcial Laguna. Franco. Gutinez. Federico Jaen. Pedro Almirall. Franco. Fablada. Jos6 Estrada. Franco. Bonne. No. 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. SANTIAGO DE CUBA—Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. Enumerators. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, GUANTANAMO. Municipal district, Guantanamo. Mercado (poblado). Rastro (poblado). Ysleta. Caimanera.... Ocujal y Bugues. Arroyo Hondo.. Casisey Abajo.. Rio Seco. -do. Baitiquiri. Glorieta. Glorieta (poblado). Hospital (poblado). Yndios. Jaibo Abajo.. Corralillo.. Vinculo.. Gobierno (poblado). Caridad (poblado). Guaso. -do.. Jamaica.. _do. Casinibae. Casisey Arriba. Sigual. Palmar. _do. Yateras.. _do. Cuatro Caminos. Parroquia (poblado). Bano. Jaibo Arriba.. Palma San Juan. Camarones.. Lajas.. .do. Tiguabos.. _do. Macuriges.. Jos6 L. Espino. Francisco A. Laguna. Vicente Aguirre y Cbauveax. Franco. Berengues. Maximo Diaz. Victor Deville. Juan Danguillecourt. Andres Garcia. Manuel Soler. Rafael Dias Purtillos. Arturo Duharte. Justo Giro. Rafael Diaz. Jos6 Cisneros Diaz. Miguel Portuondo. Lorenzo Sainz. Manuel Ponteau. Angel Raveto. Manuel Portuondo. R6mulo Barradat. Luis Megret. Santiago Espino. Rafael Mestre. Antonio Soto. Ramon Domingo. Bandilio Sallan. Julio Kelly. Jos6 Rodrigues. Juan S. Aguilera. Octavio Lay. Alberto Gonzalez. Enrique Marti. Luis Soler. Franco. Ramon. Saturnino Planes. Pedro Ferran. Pedro Mirabal. Arturo U. Armesto. Franco. Garcia. Agustin Collantes. Francisco Perez Andr6s. Municipal district, Sagua de Tanamo. Sagua de Tanamo Zabala. Miguel. Bazan. Juan Diaz. Esteron. Calabazas. Jos6 Ma. Ver&nes. Eladio Osono. Eladio Velazquez. Enrique Cheda. Agustin Revi. Luis Fiffe. Ygnacio Boladeres. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, MANZANILLO. Municipal district, Manzanillo. Manzanillo. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. De Oro. I)e Plata_ Esperanza.. .do.. El Cano .... Yara. .do. Blanquizal. Jibacoa. .do. Zarzal.! Manuel Suris. Jaime E Ram6n. Filberto Zayas. Eugenio Fernandez. JosC C. Guerra. Jos6 Ros Ros. Emilio Forment Rovira, Jos6 Vails Ech&niz. Celedonia Rodriguez. Manuel T. Herr andez. Miguel Benarides Martinez. Maximiliano Diaz. Franco. Antunez. Pedro Vazquez Marti. Vicente Perez Ztinigo. Juan Leon Casillo. Carlos Bertot. Jaime Santisteban. Pablo Roget Samarra. No. 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 APPENDIX XIII 693 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. SANTIAGO DE CUBA—Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. judicial district, Manzanillo —continued. Municipal district, Manzanillo —Continued. Zarzal. Congo. Congo, Calicito Esperanza y Jibacoa Calicito. Media Luna. _do. Yicana. Media Luna. _do. _do. _do. Municipal district, Campechucla. Campechuela.. ....do. _do.. Tercero.. _do. Cuarto.. _do. ....do. Municipal district, Niquero. Primero. Cuarto. Primero y Segundo. Segundo. judicial district, bayamo. Municipal district, Bayamo. San Juan. Cristo. Laguna Blanca. Cauto del Embarcadero. _do. Guamo. Vequita. _do... _do. _do. Bueycito. Guisa. _do. _do.. _do. Datil. Barrancas. Horno. Municipal district, Jiguani. Jiguani. Baire. _do. Santa Rita. Babiney. _do. Ventas. Calabazar . Rinconada . JUDICIAL DISTRICT, HOLGUIN. Municipal district, Holguin. Holguin. _do. _do. _do. _do. San Agustin. _do. San Andres. Enumerators. Daniel Presilla. Enlensipo L. Merchonchin. Bernado Aces Ros. Luis Frias. Jos6 Rodes. Jos6 Y. Elias. Tomas Gonzalez. Joaquin Codina. Eugenio Rodes. Edelberto Dominguez. Enrique Portales. America Betancourt. Manuel Navarrete. Pedro Figuerede. Manuel E. y Estrada. Endaldo Manrique. Maximillian Garcia. Juan Fernandez. Luis Bertran. Enrique Cespedes. Dominador de la Guardia. Antonio Saumell. Eduardo Roca Roca. Antonio Pacheco. Jorge Chaves. Rafael V. Ros. Miguel Figueredo. Armado Prats. Jose Chev6n. Pablo Hernandez. Jorge Bonet. Yldefonso Presilla. Manuel Tornaris. Julio Cespedes. Rafael Parreque. Porfisio Bonet. Rafael R. Corrias. Hiram Tamayo. Ysmael C. y Estrada. Esteban Castro. Ignacio Tamayo. Joaquin Escalante. Luis Dudefaix. Demetrio Lora. Enrique Maspons. Anibal V. Escalante. Agustin Casasaya. Joaquin E. Beaton. Narciso Feros. Eduardo Kirch. Jos6 Bal&n. Jos6 R. Torres. Jos6 Dominices. Rafael Betancourt. Rafael de la Cruz. Pedro Fuentes Garcia. Rafael Pena and Luis F. Rubio. R. Zayas. < \J 1 / No. 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. SANTIAGO DE CUBA—Continued. Enumeration districts. Enumerators. Designation. judicial district, holguin —continued. Municipal district, Holguin— Continued. Unas. Velazco. Auras. _do. La Palma. _do. La Palma. Alcaic. Alcaic, San Fernando. Bijaru. .do. Tacamara. San Pedro de Cacacum Cabazuela. Ceigo de la Rioja. Aguas Claras. Corralito. Sao Arriba. Cuabas . Yareyal. Purnio. Camazan. Tara jo. Alfonsos. San Lorenzo. J. Ange Salazar. Manuel Hidalgo Gutierrez. Julio Albarres. Jos6 Arbina. Angel Rodriguez. Miguel Buzon. Miguel Montero. Juan de la Cruz. Esteban Ulloa. Fernando Aguilera. Jose Heredia. Gustavo Ochoa. Plutarco Artigas. Rodolfo Roj&s. Justo Aguilera. Rafael Rodriguez. Antonio Gutierrez. Eduardo Lopez. Martin Sanchez. Joaquin y Romen. Ramon Suarez Gorgas. L. M. Dias. Pedro Rodriguez. Armando de Zayas. Manuel Dositeo Aguilera. Municipal district, Gibara. Gibara. _do. _do. _do. Pueblo Nuevo, Tasajera, Aguadas y Hoyos Limones, y Rio Seco. Bocas 1st, Sama, Arriba y Blanquizal. _do. Arroyo Blanco y Pozo Blanco. Potrerillo... Flores . Fray Benito. Santa Lucia. _do. Sama and Yaguajay. Beguitas. Guira, Angeles y Duruth. Banes. Torrouteras Veguitas, Pasadero, Tasajiras, Arro¬ yo, Esterito, Los Pasos y Mulas. Jobabo. Yabazon. Candelaria. Cantimplora. Santa Rosalia. Bariai. Atanasio Riancho. Juan Martinez. Jos6 de los Rios. Florencio V. Alberti. Manuel Betancourt. Abelardo Rodriguez. Manuel Balan. Emiliano Guide. Victoriano Alberti. Francisco Romen. Forcuato Varona. F. Anguera. Jesus Manduley. Ygnacio Sanchez. Adolfo Alberti. Bartolom6 Lopes. Diego Yebra. Constantino Pupo. Manuel Sartorio. Feliciano E. Hidalgo. Antonio Giro Casahas. Francisco de P. Robinson. Aristides Ochoa. Municipal district, Puerto Padre. Puerto Padre. _do.. Vedado. San Manuel.. _do. Tunas.. Manati y Oriente. Cauto del Paso. Arenas.. Curana. Playuelas. Palmarito. Casimri. Oriente. Ojo del Agna. Maniabon. Tarey, Vedado y Ojo del Agua Chaparra...... Eliezcr Artola Vialle. Enrique Rosendo. Fernando Garcia. Angel Rodriguez. M. Reyes. Juan Sabari. Manuel Artine v Fayardo. Luis Lora Frimeta. Mariano Lerma. Jose L. Villoch. Francisco Domingo. Federico Morel. Fernando Perez Puelles. Agusto Lerma. Augusto Font. Manuel Pereda. Olan Bastita. Gabriel Gonzales. APPENDIX XIV. 695 Enumeration districts and enumerators —Continued. SANTIAGO DE CUBA—Continued. Enumeration districts. No. Designation. Enumerators. 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 judicial district, holguin— continued. Municipal district, Mayari. San Gregorio. Biran. Sabanilla. Cabonico.. El Chucho. Guayabo. Braguetudos.. Chavaleta.. Barajagua. JUDICIAL DISTRICT, BARACOA. Municipal district, Baracoa. Baracoa . _do. _do. -do. Cuaba y Hoyos. Cabacu . Giiiniao. Duaba. Toar. Nibujon. Canete. Mata... Sitio. Guandao . Sabanilla. Sabana. Quern ados. Vertientes. Gran Tierra. Monte Cristo. Vequita. Ymias. Jauco. —do. Maisi. Jamal. Mandinga. Franklin Argilagos. Jos6 Rivas. Jos6 Martinez. Alfredo Gonzalez. Francisco Leyte Vidal. Eduardo Torrents. Fran. Mastrapa. Eduardo Duboy. Benito Quintero. Francisco Alonso. Miguel V. Perellada. Jos6 G. Rubio. Franco. E. Palomares. Esteban Rojas. Pedro Sanchez. Antonio Conde. Pedro Godoy. Luis A. Urgelles. Salvador Selva. Pedro C. Perez. Bartolo Curza. Aurelio Lores. Franco. Conde. Carlos Crosa. Sixto Torres. Manuel Galano. Rafael Masso. Jos6 Roses. Bartolom6 LegrA Pablo Fonseco. Eliseo Matos. E. Cadiz. Joaquin Romani. Arturo Daumery. Tomas Lingoya. Virgitio Diaz. APPENDIX XIY. CONTRACT FOR TABULATING THE ENUMERATION OF THE POPULA¬ TION OF THE ISLANDS OF CUBA AND PORTO RICO. Whereas the Tabulating Machine Company, through its general manager, Herman Hollerith, has submitted an offer to the Director of the Census of Cuba and Porto Rico to tabulate the enumeration of the population of the said islands, and said Director has concluded to accept said proposition, It is hereby agreed by and between Colonel J. P. Sanger, Director of the Census of Cuba and Porto Rico, party of the first part, and the Tabulating Machine Com¬ pany, a corporation of the State of New York, party of the second part, as follows: The party of the second part, in consideration of the payments to be made to it as hereinafter provided, agrees to tabulate by the Hollerith tabulating system, and under the direction of its general manager, the enumeration of the population of the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico from the schedules to be delivered to it by the party of the first part according to the twenty-two (22) tables heretofore submitted. The party of the first part hereby agrees to pay to the party of the second part for 696 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. such tabulation the sum of three and one-half (3£) cents for each person, and one (1) cent for each building enumerated, as follows: Eight-tenths (0.8) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables 1 and 2. Three-tenths (0.3) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables 3 and 4. Three-tenths (0.03) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables 5 and 7. Forty-five hundredths (0.45) of one cent per person on completion of the tabula¬ tion of tables 8, 9, and 10. Seventy-five hundredths (0.75) of one cent per person on completion of the tabu¬ lation of tables 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. Nine-tenths (0.9) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21. The payments for tabulating tables 1 and 2, and for tabulating tables 3 and 4, are to be made on the completion of such tables for each province of Cuba and depart¬ ment of Porto Rico, and for the remaining tables 5 to 22 inclusive, on completion of such tables for each island. The party of the second part agrees to commence such tabulation without delay upon receipt of the schedules from the party of the first part, and to proceed with and complete said tabulation with diligence and dispatch. The party of the second part further agrees to tabulate the schedules relating to agriculture and schools for said islands according to such tables as may be required by the party of the first part, for which tabulations the party of the first part agrees to pay to the party of the second part, in addition to the payments above provided for, the actual cost of such tabulation (which shall include rent, clerk hire, mate¬ rial, and all other expenses)* plus ten (10) per cent of such cost for the services of the party of the second part for superintending and directing the work. The party of the first part may at any time discontinue the tabulation of the schedules relating to agriculture and schools by giving written notice to that effect to the party of the second part; and in such event all records and results are to be delivered to the party of the first part, and the party of the second part shall be paid for the cost of the work plus said ten (10) per cent for services, to the date of the receipt of such notice by the party of the second part. In witness whereof the parties aforesaid have executed this agreement in quadru¬ plicate, and have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals this 1st day of February, A. D. 1900. Signed by contracting parties and witnessed. APPENDIX XV. LIST OF GOVERNORS OF THE ISLAND OF CUBA. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Date. Name, etc. 1512.•. Diego Velazquez, Lieutenant-Governor. Manuel de Rojas, Lieutenant-Governor, provisional. Juan de Altamirano, Lieutenant-General. Gonzalo de Guzman, Lieutenant-General. Manuel de Rojas, Lieutenant-Governor, provisional. Gonzalo de Guzman, Lieutenant-Governor. Hernando de Soto, Governor-General. Juan de A Vila,Governor-General. Antonio Chavez, Governor-General. Gonzalo Perez de Angulo, Governor-General. Diego de Mazariegos, Governor-General. 1524. 1525. 1526. 1532. 1535. 1538. 1544. 1546. 1550. 1556. No. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 5 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 APPENDIX XV. 697 List of governors of the island of Cuba —Continued. Date. Name, etc. 1565. 1568. 1573.'. 1577. 1579. 1581. 1589. 1594. 1602. 1608. 1616. 1620. 1620. Aug. 14,1620 1624 1624 1625 1630 1634 1639 1647 1653 1655 1658 1663 1664 1670 1680 1685 1687 1689 1695. 1702 1705 1706. 1708. 1711.. 1713.. 1716 . 1717 . 1717. 1724. 1734.. 1745. 1745. 1747. 1760 . 1761 .. July 1,1762 . June, 1765 .. July, 1765... Mar. 19,1766 1771.. June, 1777 .. May, 1781... 1782. 1785.. Dec. 28,1785. Apr. 20,1789. July 8,1790 . Dec. 6,1796. May 13,1799 . Apr. 14,1812. July 2,1816. Apr. 20,1819. Mar. 3,1821. July 22,1822 . May 2,1823 . May 15,1832 . June 1,1834. From June 1,1834, to Apr. 16,1838 From Apr. 16,1838, to Feb., 1840.. Feb., 1840, to May 10,1841. Francisco Garcia Osorio, Governor-General. Pedro Menendez de Avilis, Governor-General. Gabriel Montalvo, Governor-General. Francisco Carreno, Governor-General. Gaspar de Torres, Governor-General, provisional. Gabriel de Lujan, Captain-General. Juan de Tejada, Captain-General. Juan Maldonado Balnuevo, Captain-General. Pedro Valdes Balnueva, Captain-General. Gaspar Ruiz de Pereda, Captain-General. Sancho de Alguizaz, Captain-General. Geronimo de Quero, Captain-General, provisional. Diejo Vallejo, Captain-General. Francisco de Venegas, Captain-General. Juan Esquivil, Captain-General, provisional. Juan Riva Martin, Captain-General, provisional. Garcia Giron de Loaysa, Captain-General, provisional. Cristobal de Aranda," Captain-General, provisional. Lorenzo de Cabrera, Captain-General. Juan Bitrian de Viamontes, Captain-General. Francisco Riano de Gamboa, Captain-General. Alvaro de Luna, Captain-General. Diego de Villalba, Captain-General. Francisco Xeldes, Captain-General. Juan Montano, Captain-General. Juan de Salamanca, Captain-General. Rodrigo de Flores, Captain-General. Francisco Ddirla, Captain-General. Francisco de Ledesma, Captain-General. Jose Fernandez de Cordoba, Captain-General. Andres Munibe, Captain-General, provisional. Manuel Murguia, Captain-General, provisional. Diego de Viana, Captain-General. Severino de Manraneda, Captain-General. Diego de Cordoba, Captain-General. Pedro Benites de Lugo, Captain-General. Nicolds Chirino, Captain-General, provisional. Luis Chacon, Captain-General, provisional. Pedro Alvares Villarin, Captain-General. Laureano de Torres, Captain-General. Luis Chacon, Captain-General. Laureano de Torres, Captain-General. Vicente Raja, Captain-General. Gomez de Alvarez, Captain-General. Gregorio Guazo, Captain-General. Dionisio Martinez, Captain-General. Juan F. Guemes, Captain-General. Juan A. Tineo, Captain-General. Diego Pinalosa, Captain-General. Francisco Cagigal, Captain-General. Pedro Alonso, Captain-General. Juan de Prado Portocarrero, Captain-General. Ambrosio Villalpando, Count of Ricla, Captain-General. Diego Manrique, Captain-General. Pascual Jimenez de Cisneros, Captain-General, provi¬ sional. Antonio M. Bucarely, Captain-General. Marques de la Torre, Captain-General. Diego J. Navarro, Captain-General. Juan M. Cagigal, Captain-General. Luis de Unzaga, Captain-General, provisional. Bernardo Troncoso, Captain-General, provisional. Jos6 Espeleta, Captain-General, provisional. Domingo Cabello, Captain-General, provisional. Josd Espeleta, Captain-General. Domingo Cabello, Captain-General, provisional. Luis de las Casas, Captain-General. Juan Bassecourt, Captain-General. Salvador de Muro, Captain-General. Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, Captain-General. Jos6 Cienfuegos, Captain-General. Juan M. Cagigal, Captain-General. Nicolds de Mahy, Captain-General. Sebastian Kindelan, Captain-General, provisional. Dionisio Viv6s. Given absolute authority by royal de¬ cree of 1825. Mariano Rocafort. Given absolute authority by royal decree of 1825. Miguel Tacon. Given absolute authority by royal decree of 1825. Lieut. Gen. Miguel Tacdn y Rosique, Captain-General. Lieut. Gen. Joquin Ezpeleta y Enrille. Lieut. Gen. Pedro Tellez de Gironm, Prince of Anglona. 698 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. List of governors of the island of Cuba —Continued. No. Date. 91 From May 10,1841, to Sept. 15,1843 92 Sept. 15 to Oct. 26,1843 . 93 94 95 96 97 98 Oct. 26,1843, to Mar. 20.1848. From Mar. 20,1848, to Nov. 13,1850 From Nov. 13,1850, to Apr. 22,1852 From Apr. 22,1852, to Dec. 3,1853.. From Dec. 3,1853, to Sept. 21,1854. From Sept. 14,1854, to Nov. 24,1859 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 From Nov. 14,1859, to Dec. 10,1862 ... From Dec. 10,1862, to May 30,1866 ... From May 30,1866, to Nov. 3,1866_ From Nov. 3,1866, to Sept. 24, 1867, on which date he died. From Sept. 24,1867, to Dec. 12,1867... From Dec. 13,1867, to Jan. 4,1869. From Jan. 4,1869, to June 2,1869. From June 2,1869, to June 28,1869... From June 28,1869, to Dec. 15,1870... From Dec. 15,1870, to July 11,1872 ... From July 11,1872, to Apr. 18,1873 ... From Apr. 18 to Nov. 4,1873. From Nov. 4,1873, to Apr. 7,1874. From Apr. 7, 1874, to May 8,1875. 113 114 115 From May 8 to June 8, 1875. From June 8, 1875, to Jan. 18,1876 _ From Jan. 18,1876, to June 18,1878_ 116 117 118 119 From Oct. 8, 1876, to Feb. 5,1879.. From Feb. 5, 1879, to Apr. 17,1879. From Apr. 17, 1879, to Nov. 28,1881 From Nov. 28,1881, to Aug. 5,1883. 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 From Aug. 5, 1883, to Sept. 28,1883 . From Sept. 28,1883, to Nov. 8,1884. From Nov. 8,1884, to Mar. 25,1886.. From Mar. 25, 1886, to July 15,1887. From July 15,1887, to Mar. 13,1889 . From Mar. 13,1889; died Feb. 6,1890 From Feb. 6,1890, to Apr. 4,1900... From Apr. 4, 1890, to Aug. 20,1890 . From Aug. 20, 1890, to June 20,1892 From June 20,1892; died July 15,1893. From July 15,1893, to Sept. 5,’1893.. From Sept. 5,1893, to Apr. 16,1895.. From Apr. 16, 1895, to Jan. 20,1896. From Jan. 20,1896, to Feb. 11,1896 . From Feb. 11,1896, to Oct. 31,1897.. From Oct. 31,1897, to Nov. 30,1898 . From Nov. 30, 1898, to Jan. 1,1899, at 12 noon. Name, etc. Lieut. Gen. Geronimo Valdes y Sierra. Lieut. Gen. of the Royal Navy," Francisco Javier de Ulloa, provisional. Lieut. Gen. Leopoldo O’Donnell y Joris, Count of Lucena. Lieut. Gen. Federico Roncali, Count of Alcoy. Lieut. Gen. Jose Gutierrez de la Concha. Lieut. Gen. Valentin Canedo Miranda. Lieut. Gen. Juan de la Pezuela, Marquis de la Pezuela. Lieut. Gen. Josd Gutierrez de la Concha, Marquis of Ha- bana, second time. Lieut. Gen. Francisco Serrano, Duke de la Torre. Lieut. Gen. Domingo Dulce y Garay. Lieut. Gen. Francisco Lersundi. Lieut. Gen. Joaquin del Manzano y Manzano. Lieut. Gen. Bids Villate, Count of Valmaseda. Lieut. Gen. Francisco Lersundi. Lieut. Gen. Domingo Dulce y Garay, second time. Lieut. Gen. Felipe Ginovds del Esp'inar, provisional. Lieut. Gen. Antonio Ferndndez y Caballero de Rodas. Lieut. Gen. Bids Villate, Count of Valmaseda. Lieut. Gen. Francisco Ceballos y Vargas. Lieut. Gen. Cdndido Pieltain y Jove-Huelgo. Lieut. Gen. Joaquin Jovellar y Soler, first time. Lieut. Gen. Josd Gutierrez de la Concha, Marquis of Ha- bana. Lieut. Gen. Buenaventura Carbo, provisional. Lieut. Gen. Bids Villate, Count of Valmaseda, third time. Lieut. Gen. Joaquin Jovellar y Soler. He was under Mar¬ tinez Campos, who was the general in chief. Lieut. Gen. Arsenio Martinez Campos. Lieut. Gen. Cayetano Figueroa y Garaondo, provisional. Lieut. Gen. Ra'mdn Blanco y Erenas. Lieut. Gen. Luis Prendergast y Gordon, Marquis of Victo¬ ria de las Tunas. General of Division Tomds de Reyna y Reyna, provisional. Lieut. Gen. Ignacio Maria del Castillo. Lieut. Gen. Ramon Fajardo d Izquierdo. Lieut Gen. Emilio Calleja d Isasi. Lieut. Gen. Sabds Marin y Gonzalez. Lieut. Gen. Manuel Salamanca y Begrete. General of Division Josd Sanchez Gomez, provisional. Lieut. Gen. Josd Chinchilla y Diez de Onate. Lieut. Gen. Camilo Polavieja y del Castillo. Lieut. Gen. Alejandro Rodriguez Arias. General of Division Josd Arderius y Garcia, provisional. Lieut. Gen. Emilio Calleja d Isasi. Capt. Gen. Arsenio Martinez Campos. Lieut. Gen. Sabds Marin y Gonzalez. Lieut. Gen. Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau. Capt. Gen. Ramdn Blanco y Erenas. Lieut. Gen. Adolfo Jimines Castellanos. APPENDIX XVI. ORGANIZATION OF MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS. Year of forma¬ tion. Year of forma¬ tion. Habana: Habana—Continued. Aguacate. 1879 Guira de Melena. 1879 Ahjuizar. 1879 Habana .. Barnoa . 1879 Tsla da Pinos. Batabano. 1879 .Tarneo..... 1783 Bauta. 1879 Mad ruga. 1866 Bejucal. 1711 Manangua . 1879 Cano. 1879 Marianao ._ .. 1879 Casiguas. 1894 Melina dal Snr . 1878 Catalina. 1879 Nnpva Paz . 1866 Ceiba del Agua. 1879 Pipian . Guanabacoa . 1555 Quivicau. Guara. 1882 Regia. 1879 Guinea. 1815 Salud. 1879 APPENDIX XVI. 699 ORGANIZATION OF MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS—Continued. Year of forma¬ tion. Year of forma¬ tion. Habana—Continued. San Antonio de las Yegas. San Antonio de los Banos. San Felipe. San Jos6 de las Lajas. San Nicolas. Santa Cruz del Norte (made from Jibacoa and San Antonio del 1879 1795 1880 1879 Rio Blanco) Santa Maria del Rosario Santiago de las Vegas... Tapaste. Vereda Nueva. 1732 1745 1879 1881 Matanzas: Alacranes (formerly Alfonzo XII). Bolondron. Cabezas. Canasi. Cardenas. Carlos Rojas (formerly Cimar¬ ron es) . Colon. Cuevitas. Guamacaro. Jaguey Grande (formerly part of Colon). Jovellanos. Macagua. Macuriges. Marti (formerly Guamutas). Matanzas. Maximo Gomez (formerly Guana- jayabo). Mendez Capote (formerly Lagunil- las).. Palmillas (formerly Manguito).... Perico (formerly Cervantes). Roque . Sabanilla. San Jose de los Ramos. Santa Ana (formerly Cidra). Union de Reyes. Pinar del Rio: 18G2 1879 1878 1879 1860 1879 1858 1879 1879 1898 1866 1879 1879 1879 1694 1879 1879 1880 1879 1879 1879 1879 1879 1879 Artemisa. Bahia Honda. Cabanas . Candelaria. Consolacion del Norte Consolacibn del Sur... 1879 1860 1879 1879 Guana jay. Guane . Guayabal. Julian Diaz (formerly Paso Real de San Diego). Los Palacios. Mantua. Mariel. 1879 1879 1879 1897 1879 1866 1866 Pinar del Rio San Cristobal. San Diego de los Banos San Diego de Nunez ... San Juan y Martinez .. San Luis. 1858 1863 1879 Yin ales Puerto Principe: Ciego de Avila. Moron. 1870 Nuevitas. 1860 Puerto Principe. 1514 Santa Cruz del Sur. 1871 Santa Clara: Abreus. 1879 Caibarien. 1879 Calabazar. 1879 Camijuani. 1878 Cartagena. 1878 Ceja de Pablo. 1879 Cienfuegos. 1829 Cifuentes (formerlv Amaro). Cruces ..i. 1879 Esperanza. 1879 Palmira. 1879 Placetas . 1879 Quemado de Guines. 1879 Rancho Veloz. 1879 Ranchuelo. 1878 Rodas. 1879 Sagua la Grande. 1842 San Antonio de las Vueltas. 1878 Sancti Spiritus. 1514 San Diego del Valle. 1879 San Fernando (formerly Carnaro- nes). 1879 San Juan de las Yeras. 1879 San Juan de los Remedios... Santa Clara. 1514 1690 Santa Isabel de las Lajas. 1879 Santo Domingo. 1879 Santiago: Alto Songo. 1879 Baracoa. 1512 Bavamo. 1514 Cainpechuela (formerly part of Manzanillo). 1898 Caney. Cobre. 1558 Christo (formerly part of Manza¬ nillo) . 1898 Gibara . 1823 Guantanamo. 1860 Holguin. 1751 Jiquani. Manzanillo. 1833 Mayari. 1878 Niquero (formerly part of Manza¬ nillo) . Palma Soriano (formerly part of Santiago).1... 1899 Puerto Padre (formerly Victoria de las Tunas). 1898 Sagua de Tanamo. 1879 San Luis (formerly part of Santi¬ ago) . 1898 Santiago. 1514 Memorandum on Territorial Changes since 1861. A glance at two maps of Cuba, one published about the middle of this century and one of later date than 1878, shows at once two different sets of political subdivisions in the island. For a comparison of the census of 1861 with that of 1887 it is neces¬ sary, first of all, to determine as exactly as possible what relation the limits of the provinces, the largest political divisions of the island in 1887, bear to the much smaller distritos gubernativos existing in 1861. This is in order one may be sure that the statistics which are to be compared deal in every case with identical areas. At the time of the census of 1861 Cuba was divided into two departments—the 700 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. departamento occidental and the departamento oriental. 1 The former—the western depart¬ ment—was by far the larger, comprising fully two-thirds of the island and containing twenty-four distritos gubernativos. The eastern department contained but eight distritos gubernativos. The division into departments seems to have been a military one, and of little administrative importance. By a royal decree in 1878 Cuba was divided into six provinces. These in turn were subdivided into judicial districts (partidos judiciales) , each of which was com¬ posed of one or more parishes (ayunlamientos). A Spanish authority 2 gives the following reasons for this change: “The royal decree of June 9, 1878, promulgated by the minister for the provinces beyond the sea ( Ultramar ), changed the political and administrative organization of the island of Cuba, making a division of her territory in harmony with her neces¬ sities and the growth of her material interests. The political disturbances in the island had produced the serious civil war, provoked by the enemies of Spanish domination in the Antilles. The war made necessary an organization essentially military, adjusted to the conditions required for strategy. This has now been con¬ tinued for some years after the pacification of the country, until the minds of the people have been calmed, and the benefits of peace, fostering all classes of legitimate interests, have allowed the military activity to lessen and to yield to the civil power the initiative and influence belonging to it. ‘ ‘ By virtue of said royal decree the territory of the island of Cuba was divided into the following six provinces: Pinar del Rio, Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Puerto Rico, and Santiago de Cuba, having at the head of each a civil governor, who is directly under the Governor-General of the island.” It was not possible to find in the documents examined any specific statement in regard to the areas of the provinces established by the above decree of 1878. It there¬ fore became desirable to ascertain what light the maps of Cuba could throw on the subject. Fortunately, there is in the Congressional Library a large collection of maps of the island, from among which were selected, as being the clearest and most authoritative, the large map of Cuba published in 1861 by J. H. Colton, New York, the small hand map published by the same firm in 1860, the large map of Cuba made by D. Gordon Gonzalez and published by La Propaganda Literaria in Habana, in 1861, and the large map published by the United States War Department in 1898. The Colton maps show better than any of the other maps in the Library the division into distritos gubernativos as they existed at the time of the census of 1861. The Gonzalez map of 1881 also gives them, but not clearly. No good map of date corresponding to the census of 1887 was to be found, and therefore a careful comparison of the Gonzalez map of 1881 was made with the United States War Department map of 1898. There are maps in the Library collection bearing dates between 1887 and 1898, but they are small and do not appear to be trustworthy. The United States War Department map of 1898 is not only the most recent, but it is far the best and most complete of all the maps of Cuba in the Library collec¬ tion. One minor difference in the boundary lines of the provinces between the War Department map of 1898 and the Gonzalez map of 1881 will be explained in detail later in this report. Substantially, however, the boundaries of the provinces have remained unchanged since 1878. A comparison of the various maps cited above shows that as a general rule the division lines between the provinces of 1887 and later coincide with the bounda¬ ries of the distritos of 1861. Thus Pinar de Rio province comprises the four distritos —Pinar del Rio, Bahia Honda, Guanajay or Mariel, and San Cristobal, its east¬ ern boundary following the eastern boundaries of Guanajay and San Cristobal. 1 Spanish census of 1860. 2 Resena Geograjica y Estadistica de Espana, Madrid, 1888, pp. 1062, 1063. APPENDIX XVI. 701 There are, however, three exceptions to this general rule that province boundaries followed those of the earlier distritos. The first of the exceptions relates to the municipal district of Guines. When the provinces were formed Guines was divided, the western part going to Habana province, the eastern to Matanzas. The territory transferred to Matanzas province comprised the ayuntamientos of Alfonso XII, Bolondron, and Union de Reyes, as given in the census of 1887. The dividing line as given in the Gonzalez map of 1881 varies somewhat from that in the United States War Department map of 1898. As most of the territory, the status of which is uncertain, is part of a great marsh (Cienaga de Zapata) the difference between the two maps does not materially affect the statistics of population. The population of the eastern portion of the old dis¬ trict of Guines—the part joined to Matanzas province—was mostly, in 1861, settled in the northern part, near a line of railroad running east and west and connecting the cities of Guines and Matanzas. The second exception relates to the district of Sancti Spiritus. When the prov¬ inces were organized this district was divided, the division line following the courses of the Jatibonico del Norte and the Jatibonico del Sur rivers. The western part was assigned to the province of Santa Clara; and the eastern part, comprising the ayun¬ tamientos of Moron and Ciego de Avila, was included in the province of Puerto Principe. In 1861 the teritory affected was well populated. The third exception, one of slight importance, is a change of division line which occurs in but one map. In the War Department map of 1898 the southeastern boundary of Puerto Principe, separating it from Santiago de Cuba, varies slightly from that of all the other maps examined. It follows the Jobaba River to within a few miles of its mouth, then runs due west to the Sevilla River and down that to the coast. The other maps make the boundary line follow the Jobaba River down to the coast. This also was the boundary line of the district of Puerto Principe in 1861. 1 There are no towns in the narrow strip of coast in question, and the variation can have no important bearing on the population statistics. In a comparison of the population statistics of 1861 with those of 1887 care should be taken to deduct the figures of the ayuntamientos of Alfonzo XII, Bolondron, and Union de Reyes from the total population of the nine districts, including Guines, which are now com¬ prised in the province of Habana. The population of the ayuntamientos of Moron and Ciego de Avila should likewise be deducted from the total of the six districts, including Sancti Spiritus, which are now comprised in the province of Santa Clara. In the light of the foregoing explanations and references, it becomes possible to estimate the population in 1861 of the areas included in each province under the royal decree of June 9,1878. The population of Pinar del Rio and Santiago de Cuba in 1861 can be found by adding together the populations of four distritos gubernativos in the former case and eight in the latter. But for the other four provinces an adjustment is necessary. The population in 1887 of that part of Guines included in Matanzas province was 29,622. This, added to the population of Habana province in 1887 (451,928), gives 481,590 as the population at that time of Plabana province plus the part of Guines in Matanzas. The population of that part of Guines was 6.1592 per cent of the total population, 481,590. Assuming that its population was in 1861 the same percentage of the total, the population of this part of Guines in 1861 may be estimated at 25,846. Subtracting this amount from the total population in 1861 of Habana province plus the part of Guines in Matanzas, we have 393,789 as the esti¬ mated population of Habana province in 1861. The boundary line established in 1878 between Santa Clara and Puerto Principe provinces cuts across the district of Sancti Spiritus, and a similar method of estimating ^his difference is probably due to an error in the War Department map. So we are informed by the Cuban supervisors. 702 REPORT (m THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. the population of the part, included in the province of Puerto Principe has been fol¬ lowed. This part had in 1887 a population of 16,848. The population of Santa Clara in that year was 354,122. The entire area coming nearest to Santa Clara in 1861 thus had a population in 1887 of 370,970. The part lying without the province of Santa Clara had a population in 1887 4.5416 per cent of the total. Assuming that its proportion of the total population in 1861 (viz, 284,218) was the same as in 1887, the popula¬ tion of that region in 1861 was 12,908. Subtracting this from 284,218, we have 271,310 as the estimated population of Santa Clara in 1861. Adding it to the popu¬ lation of the district of Puerto Principe, we have 85,702 as the estimated population of Puerto Principe in 1861. On these assumptions the following table has been constructed: Estimated population of the Cuban provinces in 1861, based on the results of the censuses of 1861 and 1887. Province. Estimated population in 1861. Habana. 393,789 234,524 146,685 85,702 271,310 264,520 Matanzas. Pinar del Rio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago de Cuba. Cuba. 1,396,530 APPENDIX XVII. PREVIOUS CENSUSES OF CUBA. The official Spanish publications giving the results of past censuses of Cuba are difficult to find either in libraries or in the book market. An order for them sent to Madrid was fruitless. A circular letter sent to the leading libraries in the United States was almost equally without result. The primary sources which were found available are as follows: 1. A copy of the census of 1841 in the Boston Athenaeum Library, 1 which was kindly lent to the Congressional Library for the purposes of this study. 2. A copy of the Spanish census of 1861 in the Congressional Library at Wash¬ ington. 3. A MS. copy of the Spanish census of 1877, obtained from London through the courtesy of the Royal Statistical Society, in whose library the volume is contained. 4. A copy of the Spanish census of 1887, kindly lent by the Cornell Lffiiversity Library. As these are all the primary sources which have been available, recourse was neces¬ sarily had to secondary authorities. A list of past censuses of Cuba and summary of results is contained in a footnote to the German periodical, Die Bevolkerung der Erdc, Volume VII, page 80. This table was sent in manuscript to the editors of that jour¬ nal by the statistical section of the department of agriculture of Habana. It agrees in substance with the table found on page 92 of Mr. Robert P. Porter’s Industrial Cuba, but gives more detail, classifying population both by sex and race. Even these lists, however, lengthy as they are, do not include all the censuses mentioned in the secondary authorities. The following table has been compiled from various 1 Resumen del Censo de Poblacion de l as the number by which the reported births for 1895-1898 fell below those for 1890-1893. By this method it appears that the loss of life in Cuba during the four years 1895-1898, resulting from an increase of deaths and a decrease of births from the ratios of the preceding years, was probably in round numbers not less than a quarter of a million (267.273). In judging this rough estimate it should be remembered that no returns at all were received from Habana province outside Habana city and that this territory included in 1899 one-eighth (12 per cent) of the population of Cuba. If one assumes that this territory lost in proportion to its population equally with the rest of Cuba, the approximate loss rises to over 390,000 (303,700). Even this number, if we note the evidence from the figures themselves that registration in many parts of Cuba has been defective, and recall that from a. number of municipal districts no returns were received, may fairly be deemed rather an understatement of the actual loss of life. Pro mille ratio of marriages in Cuba to total (estimated ) population, by provinces and years. Year. 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 189(1 1897 1898 1899 Habana (city). 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.0 4. 1 4.2 3.6 3.7 5.0 Matan- zas. 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.4 3.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 Puerto Principe. 6.1 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.1 3.9 2 2 L7 2.6 3.5 Santa Clara. 6.5 6.6 7.1 6.6 5.0 3.9 2.4 1.9 1.6 Santiago. 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.1 .6 .4 .4 1.4 Cuba. 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 c cr. oc o X c: x c~. cc c: 00 i.O Ci 00 CO C-. 00 l- X X oc cc c: 00 Pro mille ratio of deaths in Cuba to total ( estimated) population , by provinces and years. Year. ' Habana I (city). Matan- zas. Pinar del Kio. Puerto Principe. Santa Clara. Santiago. Cuba. 1890.... 36.2 25.9 8.0 16.5 22.0 11.2 17.2 1891.... 34.0 23.6 7.3 14.7 21.7 12.4 16.7 1892.... 33.8 27.2 7.5 14.3 22.0 10.6 17.1 1893.... 31.7 26.5 7.3 13.3 22.6 9.9 16.7 1894. 7.5 12. 9 22. 4 10.1 12.6 •895... 33.3 27 7 12.4 26 8 26 1 19.9 21.3 1896.... 51.9 43. 6 39.8 28.7 40. 1 30.2 35.1 1897. .. 79.0 111.2 70.3 38 1 127.0 3U. 4 73.0 1898.... 91.0 84. 1 75.5 32.6 113.3 36.8 68.3 1899.... 34.6 23.9 21.0 10.9 APPENDIX XVIII. 719 © 8 at cc 00 DC © © oo N © oo oc © 00 © 5 Habana City Matanzas Santa Clara Caba Puerto Principe Santiago Pinar del Rio « 1 L \ i i 1 i I i I I 1 1 ■ i \ \ \ \ f 1 1 1 II 1 I li / \ /• Ml 1 Ml h If // ll I Hr \ 1 / t 1 I ' 1 / t I / * A / / Hi / I Is t / Jr \\\ * +, r r j or 3 130 120 110 100 90 80 60 50 40 30 20 10 Death rates. The marriage rates for all years and all provinces are very low, due both to the small number of marriages in Cuba, for reasons explained in the discussion of marital conditions, and also to the imperfections of the records. Everywhere except in Habana city the marriage rates fell slowly after 1894 to a minimum reached in 1897, except in Santa Clara, where the rate in 1898 was somewhat lower. While the marriage and birth rates sank, the death rates rose to maxima usually in 1897, but in Habana city and Santiago the maxima were in 1898. The fluctu¬ ations from year to year are brought out clearly in the diagram. 720 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899 The following tables give the returns of births, marriages, and deaths by munic¬ ipal districts as reported to the Director of the Census. No returns by districts were received for Habana province outside Habana city, or for Pinar del Rio: Births, 1890-1899, by municipal districts. HABANA. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 189b. Total. City of Habana_ 4,488 4,317 4,441 4,335 4,205 4,171 4,113 3,788 2,470 4,181 40,509 PROVINCE OF MATANZA3. Alacranes_ 283 307 308 424 355 313 170 88 • 48 2,296 1,483 2,373 2,456 541 Amarillas.. 189 229 211 245 226 187 100 55 41 Bolondron... 399 473 342 428 318 226 84 66 37 Cabezas _ 344 437 323 396 322 342 198 70 24 Camarioca.. 53 60 124 110 99 85 9 1 0 Can a si.. 147 128 141 129 198 167 102 41 0 1,053 1 4,972 1,995 918 Cardenas.. 700 702 652 557 667 590 550 331 223 Ceiba Mocha. 297 291 285 291 281 271 201 60 18 Cimarones. 150 179 153 176 142 82 14 17 5 Colon__ 205 194 193 240 253 207 204 130 84 1,710 1,040 1,438 1,840 1,623 1,676 Cuevitas_ 130 159 122 205 127 95 107 74 21 Encomendador_ 170 139 201 201 239 222 86 115 65 Guamacara. 375 303 348 306 294 147 29 20 18 Guamutas__ 332 255 232 232 258 182 143 58 127 36 Jaguey Grande _ 157 238 291 287 253 140 59 19 Jovellanos.. 256 298 294 274 297 184 129 91 43 1,866 835 Lagunillas ... 141 124 125 155 103 126 a5 19 7 Macagua__ 119 105 125 395 136 99 68 58 12 16 738 Macuriges. 468 464 394 394 175 64 51 45 2,450 1,050 8,090 1,334 Manguito.. 197 164 99 162 158 132 59 63 16 Matanzas_ 963 961 899 921 957 980 1,441 92 589 379 Maximo Gomez_ 211 208 187 238 208 159 12 19 Palmillas . ... . 62 120 89 92 121 101 103 25 12 5 633 Perico.. 102 122 97 105 82 50 34 20 2 704 Roque.. ... 207 OQO 168 113 193 129 56 17 3 1,118 San Jose de las Ra- mos .... _ .. 188 153 160 114 145 110 158 32 78 26 1,011 823 Santa Ana _ 177 51 95 199 108 21 6 13 Union de Reyes .... 121 131 153 139 125 125 123 64 45 3 1,026 Total__ 7,119 7,360 6,658 7,247 7,039 5,859 4,237 2,302 1,276 49,097 1 This total is reported as 4,9S2. 3 This total is reported as 1,126. 2 This total is reported as 724. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. Total. Puerto Principe 1,199 1,101 1,111 1,067 1,008 998 1,171 986 658 493 314 1,089 11,195 Nue vitas_ 141 118 121 151 157 167 201 181 195 150 79 115 1.776 Minas... 86 97 37 8 87 175 73 66 37 31 25 63 785 Caunao _ 59 04 47 52 16 27 31 15 50 384 S. Jeronimo. .... 6 60 Id 81 Las Yeguas. 17 33 23 26 33 18 22 172 Santa Cruz. 91 59 81 iui 103 &3 99 59 41 11 15 120 863 Cascorro_ . . 42 57 93 <2 71 86 66 27 514 Moron.. 258 260 266 247 254 242 261 195 o~ Ol 33 34 227 2,364 Ciego de Avila. . 139 254 236 148 114 141 257 277 123 120 To 301 2,185 Chambas_ 144 120 128 121 191 217 177 99 18 . 29 1,244 Total. |2,176 2,156 2,143 1,993 2,(464 2,160 2,418 1,893 1,159 838 542 2,021 21,.563 APPENDIX XVIII 721 Births , 1890-1899, by municipal districts —Continued. PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. Abreus.. 102 86 72 73 76 75 50 55 23 35 647 Alvarez. 106 95 76 108 98 98 69 55 12 4 721 Banao.. 208 98 269 97 235 33 0 270 101 14 1,325 Cabaguan. 42 53 47 36 44 55 40 20 18 10 365 Caibarien. 193 195 184 222 183 211 239 234 221 136 2,018 Calabazar... 296 331 257 273 231 294 174 94 85 19 2,054 Camajuani. 500 490 515 600 584 567 550 391 312 191 4,700 Cartagena. 205 205 259 193 175 172 155 88 49 9 i 1,510 Cascajal. 0 0 42 70 87 79 58 48 20 6 410 Casilda. 101 92 95 88 122 95 84 99 85 38 899 Cienfuegos. 833 824 802 830 874 732 698 728 663 428 7,412 Cifuentes. 241 212 263 223 223 182 162 78 79 28 1,691 Ceja de Pablo. 156 148 276 242 185 148 62 141 104 35 1,497 Cruces. 167 221 178 181 178 154 103 92 104 58 1,436 Cumanayagua. 222 205 183 151 219 223 146 15 0 11 1,405 Encrucijada.. 39 60 68 35 202 Esperanja . 449 462 452 427 454 387 383 281 166 46 3,507 Fomento... 168 189 177 197 190 136 142 47 38 8 2 1,292 Guaniquical. 25 25 25 19 14 25 14 2 7 2 158 Gueira.. 180 204 180 188 202 213 157 29 14 10 1,377 Guinia de Miranda. 113 131 129 128 113 146 1 7 768 Isabel de Sagua .... 62 81 64 68 63 57 60 73 62 49 639 Jibara . 71 84 66 64 41 131 3 4 1 0 465 Manicaragua. 115 139 149 165 153 131 79 31 4 0 969 Mayajigua. 64 76 78 72 73 72 53 16 20 10 534 Neiva. 86 117 135 114 101 72 86 40 4 3 758 Palmarejo.. 94 66 66 * 89 69 102 86 76 41 9 698 Palmira. 215 216 217 246 208 208 180 125 84 37 1,736 Placetas . 420 497 487 527 491 500 419 229 116 96 3,782 Quemado de Gui- nes. 394 377 356 221 318 321 201 105 59 32 2,387 Rancho Veloz. 147 121 161 135 122 119 81 47 63 11 1,007 Ranchuelo. 185 172 132 161 144 159 126 103 99 33 1,314 Remedio. 406 425 355 389 360 351 355 281 206 93 3,221 Rio Dice... 119 120 121 108 129 104 82 9 8 0 800 Rodas... 164 188 162 148 119 197 169 78 57 25 1,307 Sancti Spiritus. 611 609 557 614 608 539 508 470 372 198 3 5.086 San Diego... 164 177 149 163 135 14 79 31 8 1 4 921 San Fernando.. 244 232 246 284 169 195 144 118 77 24 1,733 San Francisco. 76 64 86 57 80 67 37 10 0 0 '477 San Juan de las Yeras. 264 278 280 324 334 266 202 129 41 14 2,132 Santa Clara_ 797 773 786 827 575 780 703 497 330 99 6 6,167 Santa Isabel de las Lajas. 272 a50 353 360 318 321 302 218 166 62 2,722 Santo Domingo. 442 513 518 544 498 238 377 261 39 11 3,441 Sagua la Grande.. 562 531 429 353 305 296 216 254 374 167 3,487 Trinidad.... 439 450 395 438 433 414 390 482 377 252 4,070 Tuinucu. 40 54 150 128 195 160 166 97 38 123 1,151 Vueltas. 2.56 379 346 451 498 333 437 233 100 33 3,066 Yaguajay. 208 152 214 189 231 264 177 142 103 53 1,733 Yguara. 31 50 65 229 222 184 68 14 2 0 865 Yaguaramas... 124 135 37 103 173 204 87 40 19 25 . 947 Total. 11,379 11,692 11,641 11,917 11,682 10,824 9,202 7,043 5,046 2,583 93,009 1 This total is reported as 1,460. 2 This total is reported as 1,269. 3 This total is reported as 5,096. 24662 - 46 4 This total is reported as 1,018. 6 This total is reported as 6,117. 722 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Births, 1890-1899 , by municipal districts —Continued PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. [Municipal districts marked thus (*) send no returns for these tables. From districts marked thus (t) returns are certainly incomplete. From districts marked thus (t) they are probably incomplete.] 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. Total Alto Songo_ 403 508 120 140 248 451 525 121 103 210 438 494 100 121 243 437 500 170 120 259 408 560 95 113 238 447 475 118 94 109 326 534 109 109 152 175 307 74 22 98 37 174 150 26 92 38 59 96 10 35 34 17 24 3 17 59 319 109 84 32 3,373 4,538 1,358 1,011 1,799 Baracoa... Bayamo * .. Campecliuela. Caney. Cobre*. _ Cristo*.. Gibarat.. 1,785 6,942 1,627 Guantanamo t_ Holguin. Jiguani*_ 090 185 580 173 890 109 804 152 1,027 104 726 126 491 113 345 127 258 124 147 118 608 50 364 186 Manzanillo t. Mavarit . 081 791 480 1,020 687 749 738 642 264 204 . 165 857 56 125 427 7,284 56 125 3,404 Niquero t.. Palina Soriana. Puerto Padre *_ 177 350 488 422 420 458 391 146 53 40 32 Sagua de Tanamo. San Luis. -. 225 380 270 478 220 310 190 318 214 408 222 310 249 209 130 78 44 47 24 40 11 13 61 150 1,860 2,801 Santiago de Cuba t Total._ _ 3,823 4,124 4,019 4,470 4,334 3,894 • 3,481 2,144 1,269 811 974 2,829 37,963 Marriages 1890-1899 by municipal districts. HABANA. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. Total. City of Habana_ 953 996 1,030 1,032 866 901 953 . 821 861 1,183 9,586 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. Alacranes . 20 45 69 65 50 28 0 4 10 291 Amarillas.. 38 43 56 47 34 31 12 1 3 265 Bolondron 32 40 48 37 46 40 4 6 11 264 Cabezas.-_ 99 75 72 81 65 40 17 6 13 468 Camarioca. 20 14 44 40 28 24 1 0 0 171 Canasi.- 20 14 16 23 45 23 5 1 0 147 Cardenas 100 91 69 95 87 64 51 38 27 622 Ceiba Mocha. 25 25 34 25 25 16 6 1 1 158 Cimarones . 10 38 46 46 19 5 rr ( 3 2 176 Colon.. 27 41 52 40 40 17 15 12 12 256 Cuevitas. 1 3 2 6 4 3 0 0 6 25 Encomendador 12 19 20 21 25 24 2 1 12 136 Guamacara_ 59 46 67 52 57 23 rr i 1 5 1 317 Guamutas. 17 42 49 30 25 20 1 8 11 203 Jaguey Grande.. 35 105 72 91 53 40 5 3 12 416 Jovellanos_ ■>■> 29 19 39 25 17 8 6 9 174 Lagunillas_ 6 23 23 22 24 27 2 0 0 127 Macagua.. 20 21 17 22 13 18 6 1 9 127 Macuriges. 34 50 50 64 52 28 8 rr 1 12 305 Manguito._.. 45 34 6 6 4 8 0 3 2 108 Matanzas . 157 192 215 233 186 106 128 108 1..547 Maximo Gomez .... 23 26 24 24 23 17 10 4 9 160 Palmillas.. 32 6 28 30 36 6 10 1 1 150 Perieo .. 1 10 6 8 0 4 5 1 9 44 Roque . .. 33 20 44 39 30 17 8 2 1 2 194 San Jose de los Ramas . 15 20 15 32 58 30 8 r* i 14 199 Santa Ana. 3 26 22 39 43 23 4 4 1 165 Union de Reyes . 13 9 12 5 13 12 2 9 7 75 Total. 919 1,107 1,204 1,244 1,157 791 310 251 307 7,290 1 This total is reported as 318. 2 This total is rej)orted as 184. APPENDIX XVIII 723 Births, 1890-1899, by municipal districts —Continued. PROVINCE OP PUERTO PRINCIPE. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. Total Puerto Principe... 206 227 339 230 208 233 215 205 142 86 167 183 2,441 Nuevitas. 24 17 27 36 32 39 34 36 22 18 22 24 331 Minas.. 10 6 10 7 14 10 8 2 2 2 20 91 Caunao ____ 3 2 4 9 12 2 6 1 3 42 San Jeronimo 3 18 9 8 38 Las Yepnas 3 1 1 4 4 13 Santa Cruz del Sur 18 18 13 23 12 16 9 16 4 5 1 20 155 Casonrro 6 1 7 Moron... 44 38 28 26 47 27 25 35 5 12 8 37 332 Ciudad de Avila... 20 37 34 43 38 45 42 31 20 28 28 19 385 Chambas. 20 23 12 17 27 15 12 5 1 2 134 Total... 348 368 468 388 401 404 365 343 196 151 228 309 3,969 PROVINCE OP SANTA CLARA. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. Abreus. 20 21 14 31 26 20 7 4 15 15 173 Alvarez. 15 21 28 30 21 33 17 2 2 0 169 Banao.-. 20 23 21 21 22 13 14 16 13 21 184 Cabaguan. 3 2 l 2 6 2 5 0 0 2 23 Caibarien.. 14 44 43 50 46 41 27 18 20 20 323 Calabazar. 42 78 64 90 78 51 12 9 5 5 1 434 Camajuani- 50 79 83 93 66 70 41 18 21 21 542 Cartagena - r . 18 71 53 55 56 49 49 12 3 2 368 Cascajal.. 0 0 3 19 8 10 8 3 4 2 57 Casilda. 12 12 24 28 17 20 11 15 10 8 157 Cienfuegos. 110 194 163 173 166 132 134 136 121 98 1,427 Cifuentes. 25 92 61 130 111 71 62 22 9 10 2 593 Ceja de Pablo. 50 28 71 67 60 34 18 8 14 7 357 Cruces.- 9 23 22 12 32 19 24 19 8 18 3 186 Cumanayagua.. 27 45 46 55 75 46 43 1 1 4 343 "P.nrrnci jada .. 5 1 10 5 21 Esperanza. 86 135 129 106 iio 92 92 38 15 10 813 Poment.o 25 22 29 52 40 30 32 3 3 236 Guaniquical .. 5 1 8 3 3 2 3 0 0 0 25 Gueira... 13 17 18 16 11 11 5 0 0 3 94 Guinia de Miranda. 9 8 16 26 0 59 Isabela de Sagua... 0 5 6 4 5 7 4 3 9 7 50 Jibaro . 1 14 10 24 18 16 7 0 0 8 98 Manicaragua... 11 20 17 21 51 16 10 4 0 0 150 Mayajiqua. 12 17 7 4 11 6 3 1 2 0 63 Neiva.... 5 1 14 7 4 8 7 0 0 0 46 Palmarejo... 10 12 12 34 17 4 4 2 1 0 96 Palmira. 18 27 26 54 55 29 25 18 9 9 270 Placetas . 77 109 110 123 96 77 57 32 17 28 726 Quemados de Giiines. 87 91 112 92 111 83 49 23 7 9 664 Rancho Veloz. 16 11 12 26 24 18 8 0 11 11 137 Ranchuelo.. 30 25 23 21 16 22 17 13 12 13 192 Remedios.. 59 97 93 95 89 54 46 24 17 14 588 Rio Dice__ 10 14 10 22 • 25 13 5 6 0 2 107 Rodas... 19 18 19 17 26 36 24 15 12 14 200 Sancti-Spiritus. 116 139 118 102 103 117 &5 62 51 46 919 San Diego.. 19 10 19 25 18 9 8 3 5 2 118 San Fernando. 28 45 75 58 55 43 34 23 55 3 419 San Francisco ... ,. 6 5 12 9 6 4 4 1 0 0 47 San Juan de las Yeras . 33 32 49 44 41 42 15 10 8 6 280 Santa Clara. 252 227 208 167 127 128 104 60 32 1,529 Santa Isabel de las Lajas. 40 90 68 60 82 50 37 25 14 22 488 Santo Domingo. 117 80 117 113 102 59 39 28 20 9 684 Sagua la Grande ... 95 100 82 78 82 65 58 32 29 37 658 Trinidad... 81 89 91 85 95 86 44 06 56 27 72G Tuinucu__ 2 0 10 25 23 12 8 0 0 5 85 Vueltas. .. 12 105 124 146 114 72 85 46 16 13 7:33 Yaguajay. 7 35 34 26 33 26 24 15 7 9 216 Yguara ... 0 0 7 9 10 6 0 0 0 0 4 32 Yaguaramas. 22 12 5 27 12 27 21 1 0 0 127 Total.. 1,738 2,346 2,403 2,618 Oi 1 1,880 1,445 882 689 580 17,026 1 This total is reported as 433. 3 This total is reported as 266. 2 This total is reported as 601. 4 This total is reported as 33. 724 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Deaths, 1890-1899, by muncipal districts— Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO DE CUBA. [Municipal districts marked (*) send no returns for these tables. From districts marked (t) returns are certainly incomplete. From districts marked (£) they are probably incomplete.] 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. Total. Alto Songo. 23 99 22 95 99 112 35 94 w O! 84 36 92 41 56 8 31 5 10 2 8 4 8 25 43 280 732 Baracoa... Bayamo *. Campechuela. Caney.. 15 25 7 25 22 31 40 17 6 37 13 34 19 17 8 19 2 6 1 2 0 0 23 14 156 227 Cor be*. Cristo*. Gibarat... 456 975 720 Guantanamo J.... Holguin.. 86 55 95 45 123 78 89 37 101 80 106 44 117 70 84 54 42 44 21 25 35 26 76 162 Jiguani *. Manzanillo t.. 75 62 102 91 150 126 129 94 81 57 49 64 1,080 1 60 10 351 Mayarit.. Niquerot. 10 16 Palma Soriano ... Puerto Padre*_ 40 35 48 38 35 43 49 25 8 4 10 Sagua de Tanano. San Luis__ Santiago de Cuba t Total. 44 23 15 26 51 53 2i 152 41 32 35 34 28 39 28 . 17 3 11 5 1 3 7 20 18 294 413 485 427 642 614 623 563 565 368 212 126 j 142 471 5,754 1 Record for 1898 and 1899 not separated. Deaths 1890-1900 by municipal districts. HABANA. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. Total. Habana City 1 . 7,432 7,105 7,185 6,831 6,730 7,410 11,728 18,123 21,235 8,153 101,932 1 The foregoing are the official figures for the decade, as published in the report of Maj. J. G. Davis. We have also received in manuscript the death record for the city of Habana, including Puentes Grandes, as follows: 1890 . 7,599 1891 . 7,219 1892 ... 7,201 1893 . 6,047 1894 . 7,108 1895 . 7,362 1896 . 11,762 1897 .. 18 035 1898 . 21,252 1899 . 8,156 MATANZAS. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Alacranes . 237 261 272 307 281 231 437 1,351 875 Amarillas. 135 123 116 119 130 106 ‘>7*> 710 403 Bolondron . . 301 439 381 393 404 346 368 897 800 Cabezas... 198 226 196 214 191 382 1 652 732 Catnarioca. 37 42 02 62 61 48 13 53 5 Canasi. 84 87 84 100 101 113 164 35 0 Cardenas . 676 711 638 730 722 751 1,233 3,112 2,132 Ceiba Mocha. 142 150 135 125 128 267 1,218 '538 Cimarrones. 184 179 139 215 172 163 1:32 269 161 Col6n. 261 301 269 363 449 574 1.219 1.358 967 Cuevitas. 130 129 141 1K5 125 132 283 539 246 Encomendador. 120 135 141 220 195 247 189 623 438 Guamacara. 295 310 226 300 268 197 119 163 643 Guamutas. 206 262 202 202 211 191 98 398 304 Jagiiey Grande. 111 136 146 141 K34 147 395 1,119 288 Jovellanos. 297 357 317 405 316 331 490 1.004 670 Lagunillas. 129 106 97 jog 104 126 42 38 25 M fieagua. 103 102 117 If 4 158 114 212 170 160 Macuriges. 428 483 379 379 362 357 467 691 546 Total. 4,252 2,114 4,329 3,946 ;ns 768 10,705 2,809 1.614 5,761 1,890 2,328 2,521 2,074 2,616 4,187 788 1,240 4,092 APPENDIX XVIII 725 Deaths 1890-1900 by municipal districts —Continued. MAT AN Z AS—Continued. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. Manguito_ 182 183 128 158 145 140 140 416 264 1,756 22,752 Matanzas__ 1,289 137 1,168 176 1,180 157 1,353 187 1,326 198 1,408 163 2,327 296 6.729 5,972 339 Maximo Gomez_ 889 2; 542 Palmillas.. 53 60 75 88 88 77 57 14 29 541 Perico .. 90 99 132 100 101 132 137 361 241 1 1,393 1,199 Roque .. San Jose de lo? 184 168 142 129 106 119 50 145 156 Ramos.-. 153 182 151 201 199 217 356 208 326 1,993 1,313 2,616 Santa Ana _ 94 109 85 128 151 98 81 317 250 Union de Reyes.... 111 115 136 148 171 161 328 868 578 Total. 6,267 6,818 6,202 7,181 7,017 7,008 10,494 25,347 18,088 94,42 1 This total is reported as 1,453. The geographical divisions named here and in the Santa Clara tables differ in many instances from those in. the Official Bulletin. It has been found impossible fully to harmonize them. PROVINCE OF PUERTO PRINCIPE. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. Total. Puerto Principe.. 731 775 875 854 770 762 747 1,736 1,380 1,344 1,397 1,381 12,752 Nuevitas. 88 58 72 96 80 77 86 143 205 167 212 161 1,445 Minas. 49 56 32 11 64 70 34 60 28 16 52 67 539 Can n ao_ 9 7 11 11 10 5 4 1 9 67 San Jeronimn . . 14 13 6 33 T,as YftPiias. __ 4 1 3 4 8 3 8 31 Santa Cruz. 31 29 48 26 31 23 21 119 52 46 59 33 518 Ca.scnrro. . . _ 13 15 14 12 18 11 7 6 98 Moron-- 98 75 113 65 87 75 83 101 195 524 340 104 1,860 Ciudad de Avila.. 68 104 71 59 61 49 85 168 648 1,219 803 145 3,480 Chambas. 26 26 26 30 38 45 54 35 23 49 12 1 365 Total... 1,117 1,146 1,265 1,168 1,181 1,133 1,135 2,363 2,531 3,365 GO 1,907 21,186 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. Abreus.. 107 121 107 121 112 91 82 130 347 214 1,432 Alvarez. 30 32 20 41 33 35 36 52 196 183 658 Banao. 67 73 66 67 54 46 60 72 81 96 682 Cabaguan. 5 10 r* i 13 10 6 2 17 21 18 109 Caibarien. 85 95 128 109 148 143 184 290 404 582 2,168 Calabazar. 244 234 223 188 224 209 166 154 1,454 557 3,653 Camajuani. 213 248 250 216 242 279 340 607 1.624 1,073 5,092 Cartagena.. 157 176 107 108 156 111 114 148 556 250 1 1,883 Cascajal. 0 0 29 67 67 59 64 128 350 345 1,109 Casilda. 37 52 37 42 59 43 57 70 277 393 1,067 Cienfuegos . 801 934 793 905 1,174 1,023 1,031 2,474 2,665 4,317 16.117 Cifuentes.. 172 153 247 184 195 199 170 256 1,479 778 2 3,833 Ceja de Pablo. 116 152 1200 206 172 208 139 168 466 563 2,390 Cruces. 167 199 178 166 136 148 142 334 1,078 1,338 3,886 Cumanay agua. 82 106 83 73 80 83 34 99 237 138 1,015 Encrucijada.. 110 892 707 1,755 Esperanza . 185 201 220 183 205 202 201 282 2,030 941 4,650 Fomento. 41 40 58 62 54 51 181 65 219 330 1,101 Guaniquical. rt i 8 4 4 2 4 3 0 11 3 3 46 Gueria . 77 94 89 107 87 98 103 53 81 186 975 Guinia de Miranda. 37 36 21 26 34 122 27 303 Isabel de Sagua. 31 43 40 30 49 36 40 47 187 213 716 Jibaro . 20 17 49 19 16 36 37 14 11 9 228 Manicaragua. 50 83 73 78 78 85 85 116 355 21 4 1,024 Mayajigua. 21 37 26 18 14 14 27 15 175 39 386 Neiva. 7 25 19 23 13 15 35 9 0 0 146 3 This total is reportedas 47. 4 This total is reported as 1,224. 1 This total is reported as 1,893. 2 This total is reported as 3,823. 726 EFFORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Deaths 1890-1900 by municipal districts —Continued. PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA—Continued. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. Palmarejo.. 29 38 29 61 38 51 47 47 373 352 1.065 Palmira. 144 195 132 178 164 144 107 211 517 936 2,728 Placetas . Quemado de Gui- 125 180 179 200 210 194 272 438 979 1,402 4,179 nes.. 266 277 294 271 327 289 358 404 2,050 1,262 5,798 Rancho Veloz. 69 87 124 127 132 179 153 173 574 611 2.229 Ranchuelo.. 86 109 115 130 155 164 115 175 2,172 1.532 4,7.53 Remedios. 268 377 334 318 223 274 380 795 1.021 1.477 5.467 Rio Dice. 56 67 80 65 71 77 61 76 179 298 1.030 Rodas-. 209 212 173 139 230 170 128 220 598 656 2,735 Sancti Spiritus. 867 455 466 508 453 505 1.361 1.069 2,609 3,801 11,594 San Diego.. 106 94 123 104 106 117 87 89 434 145 1.405 San Fernando. 79 87 86 102 123 90 105 223 413 425 1,733 San Francisco. San Juan de las 28 20 27 25 21 34 30 11 1 2 199 Yeras. 104 103 96 131 133 144 128 177 1.948 514 3,478 Santa Clara_ Santa Isabel de las 810 804 720 512 633 701 866 1,400 6,940 4,858 18,244 Lajas. 120 173 152 188 198 218 200 253 1,813 1,484 4,799 Santo Domingo_ 233 244 297 291 281 295 330 464 534 669 3,638 Sagua la Grande... 494 432 521 512 572 643 581 1,105 2.436 2.246 9,542 Trinidad. 302 361 329 479 421 341 363 856 1.461 2,303 7,216 Tuinucu. 4 20 41 45 52 64 78 42 17 36 399 Vueltas. 224 242 282 254 244 237 294 407 3,063 1,343 6,590 Yagua.iay. 85 147 153 138 134 152 142 243 449 762 2,405 Yguara. 1 6 10 58 15 8 30 2 32 16 178 Yaguaramas. 96 76 97 225 72 112 114 159 546 386 1,883 Total. 7,064 7,975 7,934 8,117 8,422 8,427 9,709 14,749 46,477 40,835 159,709 PROVINCE OF SANTIAGO. [Municipal districts marked thus (*) send no returns for these tables. From districts marked thus (t) returns are certainly incomplete. From districts marked thus (}) they are probably incomplete. ] 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. To¬ tal. Alto Songo. 175 147 193 154 159 138 166 237 152 131 71 125 1,848 Baracoa.. 409 324 232 358 317 246 273 387 684 796 216 266 4,508 Bayamo *. 73 116 132 94 85 83 190 89 367 518 213 74 2,034 Campechuela. 98 141 113 79 i 40 56 27 72 633 Caney. 93 94 131 210 206 103 69 100 263 279 304 62 1,914 Cobre *. Cristo*. Gibarat. 3,109 Guantanamo} .... 472 534 494 513 493 421 525 871 1,474 1,573 1,279 590 9; 239 Holguin.. 136 127 124 195 109 118 104 360 454 1,143 1,482 196 4.548 Jiguani* . _ Manzanillo t. 595 653 449 372 455 447 539 1,087 1.385 492 1,948 675 9,097 Mayari t_ 1 103 Niquerot 45 45 Palina Soriano.... 80 71 247 170 134 164 162 218 197 225 116 168 1,952 Puerto Padre *_ Sagua de Tanamo 75 80 59 86 61 67 63 264 670 175 160 85 1,845 San Luis. 149 170 126 155 199 155 146 73 164 142 247 120 1.846 Santiago de Cubat 1,187 1,157 1,009 1,374 1,099 1,187 1,031 2,810 4,012 4,497 6,017 n, 198 26,578 Total. 3,542 3,614 3,309 3,760 3,324 3,169 3,324 6,523 9,894 9,971 12,053 3,604 69,299 1 For 1898-99. » Jan. 1-Oct. 31. APPENDIX XIX. 727 APPENDIX XIX. POPULATION. 1 The population of Cuba in 1511, when Diego Velasquez came from Santo Domingo with 300 colonists, can not be determined. To search through the scanty records which remain in the archives of the Indies at Seville would be in vain; nor is the information to be found in the Decades of Herrera, the Chronicles of Oviedo, of Gomarra, of Bernal Diaz of Castile, or in any other books of the time. Some estimated the population at 200,000, others at 300,000, others thought it still more; but all agreed that the Indians were not adapted to labor in the fields and mines, and that they were rapidly disappearing. This occurred in spite of the personal freedom authorized by several royal decrees and recognized soon after in the grants of vassals ( encomiendas) and in spite of the first code of laws of the Indies, which went into effect in Cuba in 1543. From various reports of the grants ( encomiendas ) made by Velasquez it can be inferred that they had at that early period some 15,000 Indian vassals. The disappearance of those Indians, the causes of which have been much exaggerated by some foreign writers, could not have been so complete and rapid as supposed, when more than seventy years after the conquest the towns of Cobre and Guanabacoa were founded by the survivors. Even in the seventeenth century, too, there still existed near Bayamon the village of Pueblo Viejo with a population descended exclusively from aborigines. In a letter to the King in 1522 a lawyer named Valdillo, resident judge of the second Governor, Gonzalo de Guzman, 2 stated that there were some 5,000 natives in the whole island, and about 500 African negroes, including in this number 120 who had arrived only a few months before. Valdillo added that he had not ascer¬ tained the number of Spaniards, but it is evident from previous letters that the Spanish inhabitants of Santiago did not exceed 30. In 1528 there were no more than that in Habana, and there were still fewer in the other villages, Baracoa, the oldest of them, being almost depopulated. From another letter written by the royal treasurer July 9, 1532, and preserved in the same volume, 3 we infer that there were at that time some 300 Spaniards on the island, probably 5,000 Indians, and about as many negroes as indicated by Valdillo. According to another letter written by Gonzalo de Guzman February 5,1537, 4 the city of Santiago had for two years supplied the wants of the vessels which were plying between the Peninsula, Santo Domingo, and the Spanish Main. Our want of reliable records thus makes it impossible for us to estimate the native population of Cuba. Suffice it to say that that early race has disappeared, has been absorbed by that other race which early in the sixteenth century attempted the civilization of the world. Let us turn our attention to problems, for the solution of which we have more data. Accounts say that in 1511, soon after Velasquez had arrived in Cuba with his 300 Spaniards, as stated above, a multitude of colonists came from Santo Domingo, Jamaica, and Darien, and settled in the oldest towns of the island. They were at variance with the governors of those colonies, and had been attracted to Cuba by reports of Velasquez’s kindness to his subordinates, as well as by the fertility of a soil said to be as suitable for cattle-raising as for cultivation. Their number could not have been considerable, since in 1515 the whole number of Spaniards in the New 1 Free and somewhat abridged translation of article “ Population” in Pezuela’s Dictionary of Cuba, with omission of the tables. 2 See eighty-seventh volume of the Munoz Collection in the library of The Acad¬ emy of History at Madrid. 3 Eighty-seventh volume Munoz collection. 4 Eighty-first volume Munoz collection. 728 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. World was scarcely 10,000, and the first colonial generation had not then had time to multiply. Those who helped to swell the population of Cuba in the early years were, how¬ ever, so numerous that Francisco Fernandez de Cordova could take from its towns more than 200 men on his expedition to Yucatan in 1517, could lose nearly 100 in his luckless venture, and yet two years later Juan de Grijalva could secure more than 800 with whom to reconnoiter the Mexican coast. In the following year Cortez also took from Cuba 617 men, with whom he achieved the incredible con¬ quest of the Mexican Empire. Supposing that there remained in the country twice as many colonists who preferred the tranquil lot which the cultivation of their estates iiromisedto any such hazardous adventures, it is estimated that more than a thousand Spaniards stayed in Cuba while that gigantic conquest was going on. This estimate will not appear excessive if one bears in mind the fact that on learning that his disloyal general, Cortez, had cast off his allegiance, Velasquez dispatched a year later another expedition to subdue him, which consisted of 1,000 fighters, not counting the crews of the ships. Taking the same basis that we had for our first surmise, we can calculate that at the death of Velasquez, which occurred in 1512, there were some 2,000 Castilians distributed in the Cuban towns which he had founded. Many circumstances combined to reduce their numbers, chiefly the fact that women in proportion to the number of men had not come to the new possessions. For the aggrandizement and the wealth of the Spanish power two immense empires were laid low, that of the Incas and that of Anahuac. Fancy was inflamed by the first fruits of a conquest made by means that nowadays would not suffice for the taking of a plaza or a province. The wonders and the treasures of those regions were exaggerated, and Spaniards hastened thither to make easy fortunes. Only the first founders remained in the early colonies of Cuba, Jamaica, and Santo Domingo—those who had already made their fortunes and had their grants of vassals ( encomiendas ) or those who on account of old age preferred quiet traffic in produce and in cattle to the dangers and fatigues of such ventures with their uncertain outcome. The abolition of the grants of Indian vassals, a humane, although tardy, measure by which the Crown sought the preservation of the native race in the New World, soon drove into the adventurous life of con¬ quest some of those who would have preferred to remain at home. Two other causes also helped to decrease rather than increase the white population of Cuba; first, the restrictions on exportation to the Continent of horses bred in Cuban fields, which was the principal source of revenue in Cuba's growing commerce; and, secondly, Hernando de Soto’s disastrous expedition to Florida, which drew off many colonists from Cuba. The depopulation of Cuba begun by the conquests was sadly increased by the violent attacks of buccaneers and pirates, who swarmed from Europe to share in the booty of the New World. In the middle of the sixteenth century they sur¬ prised, sacked, and destroyed Santiago and Habana, the two principal towns. Those towns were so destroyed and deserted that according to one account 1 there were on July 1, 1555, in the capital of the Antilles, which is to-day so populous, only 33 families and 13 strangers or sojourners. If any report on the population of the island was made for more than a century afterwards, it has disappeared. In the documents referring to Cuba, which are preserved in the general archives of the Indies at Seville, none has been found. Don Antonio J. Valdez, referring in his History of Habana to some traditions and incidents subsequent to the year 1656, the year in which the English had 1 See eightv-seventli volume cf Munoz Collection in the archives of the Academy of History. APPENDIX XIX. 729 taken possession of Jamaica, says 1 that the emigration of Spaniards from that island caused an increase of more than 8,000 souls in the population of Cuba, which was estimated to contain after that some 30,000 souls. In spite of the almost defenseless state of the country, in spite of pirates and hostile armaments that still frequently menaced its inhabitants and the restric¬ tions on navigation and commerce, so inimical to the extension of its agriculture, the indomitable courage of the country rose superior to all obstacles; and in the midst of difficulties, although slowly, the cultivation of the soil increased, and with it the population. In the Voyages of Francisco Coreal in the West Indies, pub¬ lished in Paris in 1697, that author calculated there were more than 50,000 souls on the island and more than 25,000 in the capital. The Austrian dynasty on the Spanish throne became extinct on the death of Charles II. The first sovereign of the Bourbon line, who from the first year of the last century occupied the throne by vote of the people and by aid of France, returned the favors of his new fatherland by giving French traders a share in Spain’s commerce with its colonial empire. Under pretext of being allies the French, from 1702 to 1703, entered upon such commercial speculations with Habana as the poverty of the country and the superiority of the English navy would permit. The French and Spanish held their own very successfully in the waters of Cuba against the English and Dutch in the long war of the Spanish suc¬ cession, and owing to that fact and thanks also to the increase in the cultivation of tobacco, the population likewise increased on a greater scale than ever before. After 1718 that increase was promoted by the introduction of African slaves, a privilege granted exclusively to England by the peace of Utrecht; and towards 1730 the population of Cuba, not including troops, visitors, or seamen, was/ according to statements in a multitude of documents of that time, estimated at more than 100,000 souls. It was increased later by the emigration of Spaniards from Florida, which was ceded to England in 1763, by immunities from taxes upon navigation and com¬ merce, and by the erection of considerable fortification works which were started that same year in Habana by foreigners. But not even the metropolitan government itself had authentic and accurate data about the population before 1774. In that year the Marquis de la Torre, the Captain-General in command at the time, finished making his first census. As shown by that important document, the population of the island had already been increased by the combination of aforesaid circumstances to 172,620. The government was divided into eighteen jurisdictions, viz: Habana; Santiago de Cuba; the holdings of the government of Puerto Principe; Matanzas; Trinidad; Bayamo y Baracoa; the distritos of Santiago de las Vegas, Pinar del Rio, which was just being colonized; the Isle of Pines; Santa Maria del Rosario; Guanabacoa; Jaruco; San Juan de los Remedios; Santa Clara o Villa-Clara; Sancti Spiritus; Holguin and San Felipe; and Santiago. In the whole length and breadth of the land—including towns, the scattered estates, and the rural districts—there were about 29,588 houses or buildings, not counting 90 churches, 52 parochial houses, 20 monasteries, 3 nunneries, 2 colleges, and 19 hospitals. In these resided 55,376 male whites, 40,864 females of the same color, 19,207 free mulattoes, and 11,640 negroes, also free, and, finally, 44,333 slaves. A second general census was taken in 1792 by order of Captain-General Don Luis de las Casas. It showed a further increase of population, manifestly due to various causes. Among them might be mentioned the aforesaid free-trade agreement by which the exports of Cuba and all America had free entrance into the principal ports of the Peninsula; the assemblage of military powers in Habana 1 See Valdez, Historia de la Habana , published in Habana, 1814, p. 76. 730 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. from 1779 to 1783 during the four years of war between Spain and Great Britain; the introduction of slaves from Africa; and the destruction of the rich French colony of Santo Domingo, whose place in the market Cuba immediately attempted to take with some of her own wares. In spite of the statistical works repeatedly ordered by the Marquis of Someruelos, during his long rule no census was published again until 1817. By aid of the partial registry rolls, Don Francisco Arango y Parreno compiled some notes in reference to the long interval between 1792 and 1817. According to his figures, the population of the jurisdiction of Habana in 1810 was not less than 161,000 whites, 42,000 free colored, and 147,000 slaves, which represented a total of 350.000 inhabitants for the western part of Cuba. He calculated that in the eastern part, Santiago de Cuba, there were 40,000 whites, 38.000 free colored, and 32,000 slaves, making a total of 110,000 inhabitants. Seventy thousand more were found in the territory of Puerto Principe alone, including 38,000 whites, 14,000 free colored, and 18,000 slaves. In the territory of the four towns he esti¬ mated that there were 35.000 whites. 20,000 free colored, and 15,000 slaves, mak¬ ing a total of 70,000 inhabitants. The notes made by Arango were published July 20, 1811, by the secretary of the consulate, Don Antonio Valle Hernandez, for the use of the board of instruc¬ tion. They showed an entire population of 600,000. This extraordinary increase of nearly 328,000 in a single period of nineteen years is very naturally explained by the immigration of large numbers of French and Spanish, who betook themselves to the island in 1803, after the United States had taken possession of Louisiana and after the negroes had made themselves masters of Santo Domingo. The population was also immensely increased through the constant importation of negroes, through the steady growth of agriculture due to them, and through the acquisition of commercial privileges with foreigners, although their liberty was not declared until 1818. The Captain-General of the island, Don Jose de Cienfuegos, published in 1817 another census of the population. It showed a total of 553,028, nearly 47,000 less than Arango’s census, published by Valle Hernandez. What caused that decrease? Instead of good reasons for a loss there appear to have been many conditions dur¬ ing the six years that intervened between the census of 1811 and that of 1817 that might have stimulated a natural increase in the population. Such were the con¬ stant importation of Africans, the encouragement of agriculture in nearly every district (distritos ), and the extension of commerce from year to year and month to month. Many have thought that the inexplicable decrease in the census of 1817 had its origin in the concealment practiced by many of the planters regarding the true number of their slaves. They did so out of desire to escape a poll tax levied at that time. Only thus can the fact be explained that the official count was less than that made six 3 T ears before by Arango. The Captain-General, Don Francisco Dionisio Vives, ordered in 1826 the taking of another general census, with the addition of interesting statistical data that had not been included in the three previous censuses. This document, of which we also give a summary, showed a total population of 704,487 inhabitants, thus prov¬ ing that the decrease of population shown in ,the census of 1817 was a mistake. The conditions which obtained on the island between the census of 1817 and that of 1827 had not been so favorable that its population could have been increased by 151,459 people. It had been a decade of danger, vicissitude, and turmoil. Spain’s colonial empire had just shaken off the yoke. The unsettled condition that prevailed from 1820 to 1823 had banished confidence from Cuban soil and driven away a portion of the capital that at a normal time would have made the island productive. However that may be, the census or statistical report of 1827 was the most com- APPENDIX XIX. 731 plete and important work that up to that time had been published about an island that could hardly be effectually governed until it was well known. It was not like the previous censuses—a simple summary of population. It was the first description that is known of the public wealth of Cuba, in which classification was made of the products, departments, and jurisdictions. It was in fine the first instance of an account that was accurate and satisfactory by reason of its entire freedom from numerical errors and misleading statements. It was shown in this census, as in the previous ones, that in spite of the immense importation of Africans, the free population of Cuba, and even its white popula¬ tion, continued to have the advantage of the slaves in numbers. In spite, too, of the increase of the latter after the announcement that the traffic would soon be suppressed, and the consequent effort on the part of the slave traders to make the most of the time that remained, there was in 1827 an excess of 24,109 white people over the number of slaves. Hence, the catastrophe which had destroyed opuient Santo Domingo, where in 1790 there were 15 slaves for every free person, seemed, very remote from the greatest of the Antilles. “ In the fifty-three years intervening between the census of Marquis de la Torre and that of 1827,” says Lasagra, “ the general population had an increase of 532,867 people.” The increase is 58.6 per cent from 1774 to 1792,103 per cent from 1792 to 1817, and 27.3 per cent from 1817 to 1828, which makes an annual increase in each one of the three periods of 3.2, 4.0, 2.7 per cent, respectively. Beginning with the first census, the average of the annual increase for each one of the fifty-three years is 5.8 per cent. The annual increases of each class, respectively, have shown several variations, resulting from the fluctuations ( progresos ) in population in accordance with causes that influenced it. Whites. Free colored. Slaves. Total colored. 1774^1792 . 2.7 4.2 5 4.6 1792-1817 ... 3.1 2.1 4.4 5.4 4.4 1817-1827 . 0.68 4.4 2.5 “The period of greatest increase in the white population as well as the slave seems to be that between the second and third censuses, and the least favorable period the last ten years.” The same statement is found on page 25 of the Statis¬ tical Report of 1827. The increase in the general population of the island which was shown in the census of 1841 is explained by several circumstances. Among them are the immi¬ gration of Spaniards persecuted by the Mexican Government in 1829 and the immigration of the French who were resident in that Republic at the time when it had the boldness to enter into conflict with France; the successive reinforce¬ ments of Spanish troops in Cuba; the great number of Spaniards who, driven from home by a long civil war (1833-1840), sought its tranquil and fertile shores; and, finally, the arrival after 1827 of some 500 cargoes of negroes. The census of 1841 was taken by the brigadier Don Pablo Ruiz de la Bastida under orders of the Captain-General Don Geronimo Valdes. The total number of inhabitants amounted then to 1,007,624. There are, however, no lack of writers who consider that figure exaggerated, in consequence of some errors and irregularities found in the registration lists that were used in numbering the inhabitants of certain divi¬ sions ( partidos) and jurisdictions (jurisdiciones ). But the reasons alleged by D’Hespel D’Arponville and other publicists for discrediting the count of 1841 could with more justice be advanced against the accuracy of the four previous censuses. Considering, too, that works of this class can never be perfectly complete, not 732 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. even among the nations most advanced in statistical practice, we must certainly give preference to the statements of those who use the facts and figures published by the Government, which has always infinitely better means of ascertaining the truth than have the critics. The last census published appeared in 1846 and showed a decrease in the general population of the country instead of the increase that might have been expected by reason of the universal peace, the recognition by Spain of the independence of almost all the American States that had cast off their allegiance, and the various measures restricting the African trade. A reason for the decrease is found in the prolonged droughts and disastrous hurricanes which afflicted the country during the five years from 1841 to 1846 and destroyed the greater part of the crops. A great amount of capital was also withdrawn at this time, and it was a surprise to no one who had been a keen observer of conditions that the census of 1846, which was made by the commission of statistics after a most careful examination of the partial registry rolls, showed a general population of no more than 898,752 inhabi¬ tants, 108,872 less than that of the census of 1841. From the following statements of baptisms, burials, and marriages of the two dioceses of the island the progress ( movimiento ) of the population may be calcu¬ lated for the five years from 1842 to 1846. A comparison of the birth and mortality rates of the whites with the same rates of the colored classes shows that in those five years there was a proportion of 1.17 births among the whites to 1 among the colored classes—that is to say, that 100 whites were born for every 85 negroes and mulattoes. It also shows that 89 whites died for every 100 of the colored classes, a difference which is satisfactorily explained by the difference in habits, regimen, and occupations of the two races. The great sterility and high mortality of the colored classes can scarcely be attributed to the condition of servitude in which so many of their number lived. It had its principal origin in the disproportionate numbers of the two sexes, in the celibacy enforced on many slaves through scarcity of women on many of the plan¬ tations, and in the death of from 10 to 12 per cent of their number who suffered in the first months after their arrival in Cuba from diseases contracted before coming. It certainly can not be said that they suffered from the rigors of the climate, since it was as favorable as their own for the preservation and develop¬ ment of their race. Considering the circumstances under which the colored classes came to Cuba, their habits, their occupations, and the absence of fixed family relations among them, the mortality rate among the whites appears disproportionately large. We could cite a great number of writers to prove that 1 out of every 18 whites died each year. La Sagra has made some observations regarding the mortality rate from 1836 to 1841, a period of five years during which the number of deaths exceeded the number of births, and from him we learn that that excess averaged 339.6 deaths for every one of those years. According to the census of 1846 the total number of inhabitants did not exceed 898,752. That was an average of 284 inhabitants to every maritime league of the 3,000 square leagues which comprise the island. In the western department, which contained 570 leagues, there were 538,616 people. In the old central depart¬ ment, which contained 1,370 leagues, there were no more than 196,054. Only 189,062 people were found in the old eastern department, which then contained 1,222 square leagues. At the beginning of 1854, when the task of compiling this dictionary was under¬ taken, we were seriously embarassed by the fact that no census or general summary of population had been published since 1846. Through the favor of the supreme government of the island and the gracious assistance of Brigadier Don Juan Rod¬ riguez de la Torre, chief of the commission of statistics, we were furnished with APPENDIX XIX. 733 a multitude of statements of the movement ( movimiento) of the population by classes and periods for some years after the last census. Those documents, being of official origin, enables us to estimate the general population of the island toward the end of 1849 at 946,932 inhabitants. Neither in this summary of classes nor in the official census of classes, nor in the official census of 1846 are the veteran troops included or the crews of merchant ships and men-of-war, or the large floating population always found in Cuba, one of the most central American islands. A comparison of the totals shows that in the three years, 1847, 1848, and 1849, the general population was increased by only 48,180 people, and it is clearly seen that in spite of all efforts to the contrary it did not increase in proportion to the development of agriculture and commerce. The scarcity of laborers was keenly felt. Some speculators in 1847 obtained per¬ mission from the Government to bring over consignments of natives from ports of southern China, They were under contract for several years, and were hired to planters under conditions favorable to the contractors. Planters found after employing them on their land that the Chinamen, on account of their superior intelligence, were better adapted than the negroes to the work of refining sugar, but their endurance was not equal to that of the negroes in the task of cultivating and cutting the sugar cane, which is the work that requires the greatest number of hands. Their nature, moreover, was not such as to make them content with the humble condition of laborers in sugar mills. They murdered some of the overseers and white employees as well as some of their own number. They had been imported into the island without women of their own race who might have made life more tolerable to them, and on account of their peculiar physique the people of the island felt a natural aversion to them. Only the pressing and widespread need of laborers made them welcome on the plantations. Another expedient, new also but more suitable and successful, was hit upon by that shrewd speculator, Don Francisco Marti y Torrens. He dispatched some boats from his fishing fleet to Yucatan to bring away some of the native Indians who were in revolt there on account of the violence of Mexican Government officials. Distributed among the planters, those Indians proved quite as well adapted as the Chinamen to plantation labor and almost as capable of endurance as the negroes. Their women and children came with them, and so they were content to remain wherever they found employment. If they had only been imported in larger numbers they might have solved the great labor question of the island. But after the rebellious Indians of Yucatan had been quieted the Mexican Govern¬ ment opposed the exportation of the Indians, or at least consented to it on condi¬ tions so burdensome as to be prohibitory. Cuban proprietors had just begun to realize the worth of the Yucatan Indians when they had to give up all hope of being able to cultivate their plantations by their aid. The old territorial division of the island disappeared in 1850. With some modi¬ fications the three departments had been retained ever since 1821. The new divi¬ sion provided for two departments, corresponding to the two dioceses. The western department was increased by the adjoining half of the former central department. The other half became part of the eastern department. The west¬ ern department still retained the capital pf the island, but the eastern department had a subordinate capital at Santiago de Cuba. The western department or prov¬ ince of Habana is composed of 21 jurisdictions or seats of political and military government. Beginning with the Cape of San Antonio, New Filipina, or Pinar del Rio, going southward to the Cape of San Diego and following the north coast, 734 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. are Bahia-Honda. Mariel, Santiago, Habana. Guanabacoa, Jaruco, Matanzas, Cardenas, Colon. Sagua la Grande. San Juan de los Remedios, andSancti Spiritus. Following the south coast in the same direction are San Cristobal, San Antonio, Bejucal, Guines, Fernandina de Jagua or Cienfuegos, Trinidad, and the above- mentioned Sancti Spiritus which extends from one sea to the other. In the center are Santa Maria del Rosario, between Guanabacoa lying to the north, Jaruco to the east, Bejucal to the south, and Santiago to the west, and also Villa Clara, which lies between Cienfuegos, Trinidad. Sagua la Grande, and Sancti Spiritus. The Isle of Pines comprises by itself the colony of Reina Amalia, under the juris¬ diction of Habana. The province of Cuba, which now extends to the eastern department, is divided into 10 jurisdictions or seats of government, to wit: That of Baracoa, which touches the eastern limit of the island at Cape Maisi. extending along both coasts; that of Guantanamo, bounding it on the south: that of Santiago; of Manzanillo; Bayamo; Puerto Principe; Holguin; Las Tunas; Nuevitas; and. finally. Jiguany, which lies between both oceans. Of all these jurisdictions, w T hich are called government seats (tenencias de go- bierno ), only those of Habana, Santiago de Cuba, and Matanzas bear the name of governments. Each one of these jurisdictions is divided into districts ( distritos) and wards ( barrios ) in the cities and towns and into divisions ( partidos ) in the villages, hamlets, and in the country. From the registry rolls ( empadronamientos) and other data found in the office of statistics at the close of 1885, Arboleya made in his last manual of the island of Cuba an estimate of the population of the thirty jurisdictions which then existed. He included in the white class the Chinamen and the Yucatan Indians. We can put faith in his calculations on this interesting point since we have found him so accurate in matters of less importance. Arboleya’s figures agree with other trustworthy data that we have on hand, which show that the population in 1855 did not exceed 1,044,185 inhabitants, including all classes and conditions and both sexes. A comparison of this num¬ ber with the total of the census of 1841, which went as high as 1,007,624 inhabitants, shows an increase of only 36,561 people. That increase certainly does not corre¬ spond to the progress in the development of agriculture in the fourteen years that elapsed between the two counts. Neither does it correspond to the growth in public wealth and in treasury receipts during a period when some new towns had been founded and old ones like Cardenas, Cienfuegos, Sagua la Grande, and others had manifestly prospered. The official reports of 1859 were conscientiously collected by the Cuban office of statistics under a much better system than had ever before prevailed, and give us a much more exact idea of the general population of the island at the close of that year than do any other reports. They are exact copies of those sent the ministry for the colonies by the Captain-General, Don Francisco Serrano, Count of San Antonio. These official documents, which estimate the general population at the end of 1859 at 1,180,013 inhabitants, show an increase of 135,828 over the population of 1855 which did not exceed 1,044,185. It appears that at the end of 1859 there were on the island 622,797 whites, 189,848 free colored people, and 367,368 slaves. Compared with the 498,752 whites, the 179,012 free colored people, and the 366,421 slaves enumerated in 1855, an increase of 124,045 in the first class is shown, of 10,836 in the second, and only 947 in the third class. The satisfactory and definite progress observed in the first class was obviously the result of several conditions. First, the permission given December 23, 1853, APPENDIX XIV. 735 by his excellency the Captain-General, Marquis de la Pezuela, for the importation of Spanish colonists and day laborers and also Asiatics and Indians from the American continent; second, the steady growth of interest in the cultivation of tobacco and other agricultural products which call for the faithful attention of a free workman rather than the strength of a slave’s arm ; and, finally, the rise of new interests such as numerous railway lines and other enterprises of public utility. The increase of 10,836 people in the second class corresponds to the increase in the number of free colored people during the years between the two censuses. Opportunities for obtaining their freedom that were afforded the colored people by our provincial legislature, their luck in the lottery games, and the generosity of a large number of Cuban proprietors, were sufficient reasons for that increase. To these ordinary reasons for improvement in their conditions and the number of free colored people must be added the fact that the Government emancipated 3,000 Africans in 1854. With respect to the third class, that of the slaves, the significant increase of 94? people which the census of 1860 shows over that of 1855 is evident proof, notwith¬ standing its smallness, of the great number of Africans that must have been Imported during the larger part of that five-year period. Unquestionably the birth rate in slavery does not keep pace with the death rate. The increased culti¬ vation of the sugar cane during those five years and the growth of the sugar industry, which are the occupations that kill off the greatest number of slaves, must also be remembered. If we suppose, with Baron Humboldt and a great num¬ ber of other writers, that there is an annual death rate of 10 per cent of the num¬ ber of slaves and an annual birth rate of 5 per cent, we can calculate that from 1855 to 1859 a fourth part of the 130,000 negroes must have perished and that there were about 32,000 that year in the sugar mills. Granting this, we see, without taking into consideration those employed in other industries, that in order to have 947 more slaves on the island in 1868 than there were in 1855, the number of deaths having been greater in that period than the number of births, they must neces¬ sarily have been imported in very large numbers. With the whites are included two classes of population that did not appear in any of the censuses published up to 1846. They had been imported into the country just too late for enumeration. Those are the Yucatan Indians and the Chinese and other Asiatics. The greater part of the first class reside in the immediate jurisdiction of Habana and numbered at the end of 1859 only 576 males and 192 females. The majority of the second class are settled in the recently created jurisdiction of Colon, in Cardenas, Matanzas, and Habana, and numbered at that date 16,373 males, with only 13 females. We presume that the permits issued since the first of 1861 have facilitated the introduction of this class of colonists and that their real number is greater than appears in the report to which we refer. Many wild schemes for fostering the white population of the island have been proposed and much has been written on the subject by publicists, too, of good repute. Means of encouraging the white population are as well known as the obstacles which prevent the sudden adoption of those measures, since violent and precipitate reforms are not wise in such a delicate matter. Time alone, together with the prudence of Cuban proprietors and the wisdom of the Government, can accomplish that. The white population will never be greatly increased until there is some division of property and labor, so that some can devote themselves exclusively to culti¬ vating the sugar cane and others to manufacturing the sugar. Cotton, indigo, cacao, and other products adapted to the soil of the great Antilles must be culti¬ vated as well as those which are the present sources of its wealth. The manu- 736 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. facture of textile fabrics must be stimulated by the imposition of taxes on all foreign and Spanish fabrics that might be made by provincial industry. Finally, without suggesting other means than those warranted by the economic science of all nations, we might say that the people of the Peninsula ought to stop the use of all tobacco not produced in their provinces across the sea. With the disappearance of the foreign tobacco that 1G,000,000 of the people con¬ sume, the contraband trade would also disappear, and the Government would be saved the expense of preventing it. Many colonists in Cuba who are worthy and substantial people would then be willing to cultivate a tobacco that would be within reach of every purse. The population of Cuba would then show an increase as striking as that shown by the receipts of the State, when in place of asking 18 reals duty on each pound imported they reduced the tax to 4 reals. Before closing this article it seems fitting to quote in his own words some reflections on the white population of Cuba expressed by His Excellency Don Vicente Vazquez Queipo in his work entitled “A fiscal report on the white population of Cuba,” which was published in Madrid in 1845. “For the prosperity of the rural white population it is absolutely necessary that some change be made in the way the island is cultivated. It may be by promot¬ ing valuable products sure of a ready market abroad, such as cotton, indigo, silk, cochineal, and especially tobacco, all of which are fitted for cultivation on a small scale. It may be by modifying the system actually in vogue in the cultivation of the sugar cane and the refining of sugar, or it may be by doing both, which would be perhaps the most advisable. All the products of the country if care¬ fully fostered and developed under the supervision of the authorities may be use¬ ful and beneficial to the colonists, especially if the latter could be fittingly instructed by means of agricultural manuals on the subject of their cultivation. One of them certainly deserves particular attention from the Government; that is, tobacco. “The superior and almost unrivaled quality of tobacco produced on the island, the daily increase in its consumption by European nations, the ease with which it is cultivated on a small scale—and, in fact, the necessity of so cultivating it on account of the close and assiduous care it requires—the increasing number of operatives employed in its preparation and manufacture, and, finally, the bounti¬ ful returns it makes to cultivators in proportion to the value of the land and the capital employed, all make tobacco a precious plant in the island of Cuba. An intelligent and conscientious white man is much more likely than a strong but clumsy African to give the tobacco plant proper care. That consists for the most part of driving away in the cooler hours the insects that attack the young plants. If protected by the supreme government with absolute freedom from duties, tobacco may to some degree supply the deficit sure to occur soon, owing to the fact that the cultivation of coffee is on the wane and, indeed, almost abandoned.” APPENDIX XX 737 APPENDIX XX. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following is a list of the books found of especial value in the preparation of the report on the census of the island of Cuba: Author. Abad, L. Y. de. A. G. O.... Aguilera, F. V., and Cespedes, R Alderna and Eschererria. Arrate, Jose .... Behm and Wagner... Blackman Brooke, Maj. Gen. John R Cabrera. Callahan, J. M. Clark. Columbus, Christopher Davey. Davis.. Delitsch, Otto D’Hespel D’Harponville, Gustave Domiguez. Edwards. Fiske, A. K Fiske, John Froude. Froude_„ Irving.. Irving... Kidd, Benjamin.... Kimball. R.M....... Lee, Maj. Gen. Fitzhugli. Lodge, Henry Cabot... Ludlow, Maj. Gen. Wm... Macdonald. .. Mackellar, chief engineer of the British army... Merivale. Pascual, Augustin. Pepper. Pezuela, Don Jacobo de la Pezuela, Don Jacobo de la Porter, Robert P.... Rea. IT Title. New Constitution Establishing Self-Govern¬ ment in the Islands of Cuba and Porto Rico. Military Notes on Cuba. Notes About Cuba. * Facts About Cuba. American State Papers. Constitution and Government of Cuba. Die Bevolkerung der Erde, Nos. 1.2,6,7,8. (In Petermann’s Geographische Mittheilungen Erganzungshefte 33 [1873], 35 [1874], 63 [1880], (59 [1883], 101 [1893].) Spanish Institutions in the Southwest. British Colonial Office List, 1898. British State Papers. Reports on Affairs of Cuba, 1898. Cuba and the Cubans. Cuba and International Relations. Censo de la Poblacion de Espana segun el Recu- ento veriflcado en 35 de Diciembre de 1860, porLa Junta General de Estadistica. Censo de la Poblacion de Espana segun elempa- dronamiento hechoen31 de Diciembre de 1887 por la Direccion General del Instituto Geo- grafico y Estadistico. Commercial Cuba. Journal of Voyages. Cuadro estadistico de la siempre fiel isla de Cuba. Cuba, Past and Present. Cuba in War Times. Cuba (in Stein and Horschelmann Handbuch der Geograpliie und Statistik. 7th ed., Vol. I, pt. 4, pp. 1870-1917). La Reine des Antilles. Los Antiguos Diputados de Cuba. History of the West Indies. Encyclopaedia Americana. Encyclopaedia Britannica. The West Indies. Discovery of America. Oceana. The English in the West Indies. Story of Cuba. Cuba with Pen and Pencil. Spanish Colonization in America. Cuba and Porto Rico. Apergu statistique de Tisha de Cuba. Island of Cuba. History of Spain. The Companions of Columbus. The Life and Voyages of Columbus. Control of the Tropics. Cuba and the Cubans. Report on Cuban Affairs. 1898. The Spanish-American War. Report on Cuban Affairs, 1898-99. Select Documents of United States History. Journal of the Siege of Havana, 1763. Colonization and Colonies. Rapport sur L'Etat, L'Organisation et le Pro- gres de la Statistique en Espagne, presente a la huitiemo session du Congres International de Statistique. To-morrow in Cuba. Historia de la isla de Cuba. Diccionario de Cuba. Poblacion de las Islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico. (Manuscript copy of tables in tho S panish cen¬ sus of 1877, contained in the library of the Royal Statistical Society of London.) Industrial Cuba. Facts and Fakes About Cuba. Halstead. Hazard, Samuel Helps. Hill, R. T. Huber, B._. Humboldt. Hume. 24602 738 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF CUBA, 1899. Author. Title. Reclus, Elisee.. Universal Geography. Resumen del Censo de Poblacion de la Isla de Cuba a fin del Ano de 1841. Rowan and Ramsay... Sagra, D. Ramon de la.... Resena geografica y estadistica de Espana. Island ot' Cuba. Historia economica politica y estadistica de la isla de Cuba. Shaw, Albert. Municipal Government in Great Britain and Europe. Turnbull.- -. Wilson, Maj. Gen. J.H.... Wood, Maj. Gen. Leonard...... Zamora .... Zaragosa.-. Cuba. Report on Cuban Affairs, 1898. Report on Cuban Affairs, 1899. Legislacion Ultra-marina. Cuban Insurrections. APPENDIX XXI 739 APPENDIX XXI. The United States (Census of Cuba ) in account with the insular Treasury of Cuba. Dr. Aug. 1, 1899, original estimate and allotment. $408,820.00 Cr. Expenditures as follows: Director— Stationery and other office supplies. $319. 77 Salaries of clerk and messenger. 1,859.33 Traveling expenses to and through Cuba. Nov. 13 to Dec. 16, 1899. 198.52 Assistant director, salary. 6 supervisors, salaries.. 1,621 enumerators, salaries. Clerks and messengers of assist¬ ant director and supervisors... Special agents.. Transportation of stores and per¬ sons .. Rent and incidental expenses of offices in Cuba... Subsistence of census employees. Census property 1 .. Census stationery and advertis¬ ing. Tabulating. Printing bulletins... Printing English edition of re¬ port, 12,000 copies.... Printing Spanish edition of re¬ port, 13,000 copies.. Translating report and bulletins into Spanish.. Indexing report.. Foreign postage Census reports. $2,359.62 3,420.00 14,790.00 220,493.03 19,254.57 1,414.00 6,462.38 3,682.55 2,532.00 2,512.36 2,156.82 64,163.24 837.97 13,811.20 16,441.70 1,203.08 110.00 60.00 Total expenditures. 375,742.51 Balance unexpended. 33,077.49 Total 408,820.00 Total 408,820.00 1 All census property in Cuba was purchased through the Supply Division of the War Depart¬ ment. The census property in Cuba on hand at the close of the work, and valued at $3,528.12, was transferred to the insular authorities. IIDEX. A. Page. Abad, L. V. de... 737 Aborigines.. 727 character .. 65 number.. 65 Abreus city...... .,___.. ... ... 175,190 district. 180,186,192,198,201, 204,219,227,244-247, 301,360,426-432,510, 513,516,519,521,554,686, 699,721,723,725 Academia Junco...... 580 Adams, John Quincy.... 38 Aday, Agueda Valdes... 650 Administration, council of........ 53 Adrian VI, Pope, bull issued by... 566 Adults, by age periods......86,87 ratio of married..... .. . 122 Africa, natives of ....... 98,220-225,472-475,499-506 Age and citizenship .... 251-298 education .. 400-403 nativity.. 131, 206-217,251-298,306-353,361-384,400-403 literacy.. 152-154,361-384 occupations .... 160-162,438-465,480-484 race... 126,206-217,251-298, 306-353, 361-403,438-461 school attendance..... 152,385-400 sex_ 135,206-217,251-298,306-353,361-403,438-461,463-465,480-484 Age and sex, discussion of statistics regarding.. 92 in relation to longevity ......93-96 Age, by 5-year periods.... .. 90 comparative tables.. 85 comparison with other countries. 86 discussion of statistics ... ... 84-96 in relation to conjugal condition.... . 120-147,306-363 in relation to marriage ratios.. 128,134 males over 21 years....... Ill median by provinces. 90 definition of term.. 84 periods and nativity, in consensual marriage.. 142 by percentages of population.... 94 by sex.... ..... 93 and nativity of married. 131,135 and race of married....... 129 in relation to marriage.... 120-124 occupations. 160,162 of breadwinners .... 160-162,165 741 742 INDEX. Page. Age, periods of husbands, wives, and widowed. 145 unmarried. 146 ratio of adults married... 132 ratios of unmarried.. 147 ratios of widowed .... 145 Agramonte, Sixto .. 633,638,665 Agreement reciprocal commercial with Spain... 29 Agricultural implements, early tariffs on......... 28 inferior quality of.. . 539 Agriculture, aboriginal. 65 areas cultivated in principal crops.. 558,559 colored labor preferred in. 69 importation of machinery. 539 schedules used in census....... 523 tables covering. {See Occupations.) taxation of. 523 Aguacate city. 190 Aguacate district..... 179,181,191,194,200,202, 218, 225, 232-235. 299, 358, 406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671, 698 Aguero, Augustin H., supervisor...... 621 report as supervisor Puerto Principe province... . 640-646 Aguero, Francisco .. ...... 35 Aguero, Juaquin........ 36 Aguilera, F. V. and Cespedes R.... 737 Alacranes district....... 180,191,196,203,218,226, 236-239,300, 359,413-418,508,512,515,518, 520,553,677,699,720,722,724 Albuquerque .......*. 66 Albuquerque, Rorigo .... . 66 Aldema and Eschererria... 737 Alexander VI, Pope ........ 24 Alfonso XII district. {See Alacranes district.) Alquizaz, Sancho de (Governor)... 697 Alger, Russell A. (Secretary of War), instructions of. .. 9 Almendares River....... 173 Alonso, Pedro (Governor). 697 Alonso Rojas district. {See Consolacion del Sur district.) Altimarano, Bishop Juan de las Cabezas..... 566 Altimarano, Juan de (Governor). 696 Altitude in relation to distribution of population.. 80 Alto Songo city. 190 Alquizar city. 190 Alquizar district.... 179,181,191,194,200,202, 218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358,406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 672, 698 Alvara, Juan Gonzalez. 36 Alvarez, Gomez de (Governor). 697 Amaro district. {See Cifuentes district.) Amnesty to insurgents. 37 Anderson, Richard. 34 Andreu, Aurelio. 637 Angel, Don Gregorio Diaz. 566 Angulo, Gonzalo Perez de (Governor). 696 Animals adapted to cane culture.. 530 by kinds. 540,561 and by race of farm occupants. 562-564 INDEX, 743 Animals, domesticated, introduced_ native____. _ Annexation, proposed, to United States Apodaca, Juan Ruiz de (Governor)_ Aranda, Cristobal de (Governor) _. Arango, Francisco de___ Arango y Parrenca, Don Francisco_ Areas college..... Areas de Canasi. Arderius y Garcia, Jose (Governor) ... Area by density of population. cultivated. .. _. in principal crops_ Page. 65 23 . 35,38 . 697 . 697 568,569 . 730 . 580 19 . 698 75 553-555 558-559 of Cuba... 18,73,74 districts.. 191-193 farms.......... 543 by tenure and race of occupants. 546 forests ... 553-555 provinces. 74 sugar plantations.. . 560 tobacco plantations.. 560 percentages in farms and cultivated.... 543 relation to center of population........ 77-80 Argentina, percentage of unmarried.... 146 widowed..... 143 Arias, Alejandro Rodriguez (Governor). 698 Army, insurgent. 37 support of Spanish-Cuban..... 38 Arrate, Jose.. 737 Artemisa district.. 180,184,192,196, 201, 219,226,239-241,300,359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699 Asia, natives of, residing in Cuba___ 472-475,499-506 Asphaltum deposits__________ 21 Atares castle. 36 Atkins, E.F. 526 Attorneys, examination requisite..... 59 Audiencias ....... ..... 56,57,59 Audiencia of Santo Domingo, auditing system .... 30 Augustine, order ___ ______ 569 Australia, natives residing in Cuba.. 220-225, 472-475,499-506 Austria, percentage of unmarried.... 146 Authors cited or mentioned, list of.... 737-738 Authorities, council of.. .. 53 Autonomy, not independence, desired by industrial classes .. 32 Avila, Juan de (Governor)...... .... 696 Avilis, Pedro Menendez de (Governor).... 697 B. Bahia Honda district...... 180,184,192,196, 201, 219,226,239-241, 300, 359, 419-423,509,513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681,699 Bainoa district.'..... 179,181,191,194, 200, 202, 218,225,232-235,299.358,406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 672, 698 Baia district. (See Mantua district.) 744 INDEX. Page. Balnueva, Pedro Valdes (Governor)..... 697 Balnuevo, Juan Maldonado (Governor)... 697 Banking facilities, lack of..... 31 Baracoa...... 27,29,175,190 Baracoa district... 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227,248-250, 301.360.433- 437,511,514,517,519, 522, 555, 695, 699, 722, 724, 726 Barbados, percentage of unmarried. 146 widowed. 143 Barnes, I. A..... 625 Barrios ... 12,17,46 Bassecourt, Juan (Governor)... 697 Bastida, Don Pablo Ruiz dela... 731 Batabano.... 27,175,190 Batabano district.. 179,181,191,194,200,202, 218, 225,232-235,299,358,406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 673, 698 Bauta district.... 179,181,191,194,200,202, 218,225,232-235,299,358, 406-412, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 670, 698 Bayamo city.. 190 Bayamo district. 181,188,193,198,202, 205,220,227,248-250, 301.360.433- 437,511,514,517, 519, 522, 555, 693, 699, 722, 724, 725 Beet sugar, price and effect on Cuban production of cane sugar__ 525-527 Belim and Wagner. 737 Bejucal city.. 190 Bejucal district... 179,181,191,194,200,202, 218,225,232-235,299,358, 406-412,507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 673, 698 Belen, Jesuit College of.. 580 Belgium, percentage of children. 85 unmarried. 146 Belt, D. G. Benificencia, school.. . Bermuda, percentage of widowed.... Betancourt, Gen. Pedro E. Beth'eliemite fathers. Bibliography.. Birds. Births... ... excess over deaths. Birthplace ..... Black Eagle, society of.. Blackman..... B ack Warrior, detention of steamer . Blanco y Erenas, Ramon (Governor). Blow.Capt. W. N., disbursing officer Bolivar, Simon. Bolivar, Soles de. Bolondron. Bolondron district... . 625 . 568 . 143 . 635 . 565,574 . 737,738 .. 23 714-716,720-722 . 218-225,499-506 . 35 .. 737 . 39 . 54,698 . 625 .. 35 . 33 . 175,190 180,191,196,203,218,226,236- 239,300,359,413-418,508, 512,515,518, 520, 553,677 Bennett, William... Breadwinners, discussion of statistics regarding. See also References to tables under “Occupations.” Bresa. de (Governor). British occupation of Habana beneficial. Brooke, Maj. Gen. John R. (Military Governor) .. ,699,720,722,724 . 527 . 154-167 . 67 . 43 54,57,59,584 INDEX. 745 Page. Bucarely, Antonio M. (Governor).__. 697 Buccaneering..... 29 Buena Esperanza, Gulf...... ... 18 Buildings (see Dwellings)..... 167 Burgos, laws of... 66 Bulletins, publication of census.... 14 C. Caballero, Don Jose Augustin...... 567,568 Cabanas district. . ... 180.184,192,196,201, 219,226,239-241,300,359,419-423,509, 513, 1 516,518,521,554,681, 699 Cabrera.---------737 Cabrera, Lorenzo de (Governor)____ 697 Cadenas. Manuel P..... 641 Cadiz, exclusive trade privileges granted....... 27 Cagigal, Francisco (Governor)...... 697 Cagigal, Juan M. (Governor)...... 697 Caibarien........... 27,190 Caibarien district... 180,186,192,198, 201,204,219,227,244-247, 301,360,426-432,510,513,516,519,521,554,686,688,699,721,723,725 Calabazar city.......... 190 Calabazar district___ 180,186,192,198,201, 204,219,227,244-247, 301,360,426-432,510,513,516,519,521,554,688,699,721,723,725 Callahan, J. M.. ........ 737 Calleja e Isasi, Emilio (Governor).... 698 Camajuani city.. ...... 190 Camajuani district.... 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247, 301, 360,426-432,510,513, 516,519,521, 554,688,699,721,723,725 Camarones district. (See San Fernando district.) Campechuela city....... 190 Campechuela district... 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227,248-250 301,360,433-437,511,514,517,519,522,555,691,699,724,725 Campos, Arsenio Martinez (Governor) _____ 698 Canada, natives residing in Cuba.. 220,225,472-475,499-506 Canary Islanders. .. ....... 530 Canasi district.... 180,184,196,203,218,226,236-239, 300,359,413-418,508,512,515,518,520,553,677,699,720,722,724 Candelaria district.... ... 180,184,192,196, 201,219,226,239-241,300,359, 419-423, 509,513,516, 518, 521,554,681,699 Caney. (See El Caney.) Caney district. 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227, 247-250,301,360, 433-437,511,514,517, 519,522,555,691,699,722,724,725 Cano district....... 179,181,191,194,200, 202,218,225,232-235,299,358,406-412,507,512,515,517,520,553,672,698 Capitulation of Zanjon. 37 Captain-generals (see Governors). 696-698 Carballo, Don Juan F..... 574 Carbo, Buenaventura (Governor)....'. 698 Cardenas city, report of enumeration ..... 666-668 revolutionary attack upon. 35 Statistics: Age and sex.. 203 Birthplace .. 218 Breadwinners.. 156,157 746 INDEX. Cardenas city, statistics—Continued. Page. Citizenship ...... 226 literacy and education. 236-239 Conjugal condition. _ _. 300 Dwellings and families. 512 water supply. 172 Excreta, method of disposition. 177,520 Families...... 508 Garbage disposal. 175,518 Literacy... 148,149 Marriage ratios.. 120,132,137,139 Nativity. 99 Occupations....... 156,157,413-418 Population.. 190 School attendance..' 300 Sex and nativity... 196,200 Sex and race.. 196-200 Water-supply sources .. 172,515 Cardenas district...... 180,191,196,203,218,226, 236-239, 300,359,413-418,508,512,515,518,520,553,675,699,720,722,724 Carlos Rojas district.... 180,191,196,203,218,226, 236-239, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518,520, 553,676,699,720,722,724 Carmen, Ntra. Sra. del, college....... 580 Carreno, Francisco (Governor)........ 697 Cartagena district.. 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247, 301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521,554, 686, 694, 699,722,724,725 Cartwright, Major Geo. S..... 634 Casa de Contratacion ...... 27 Casas, Don Luis de las (Governor). .. 568, 697,729 Casiguas district... 179,181,191,194, 200, 202 218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358,406-413,507, 515,520, 553, 672, 698, Castellanos, Adolfos Jiminez (Governor).... 32,698 Castilla, Don Juan Cirillo de..... 567 Castillo, Ignacio Maria del (Governor)...... 698 Catalina district.. 170,181,191,194.200,202. 218, 225, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517,520,553,674, 698 Cattle. 540,561-564 Cattle ranches....... 540 Cauto Embarcadero. 20 .valley of...... 20 Cayajabos district. (See Artemisa district.) Cays, enumeration of population on.. 665,666 Ceballos y Vargas, Francisco (Governor)... 698 Ceiba del Agua district. 179,181,191,194,200,202, 218,225,232-235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520,553,672,698 Ceja de Pablo district.. 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247, 301,360,426-432,510, 513,516,519, 521,554,687, 699,721,723, 725 Ceniti, Governor . .. 35 Censos, amount. 41 Census, a step toward self-government... 9,10 date basis of statistics. 72 cost of taking. 10,739 field work. 11 performed by Cubans. 9 termination of.. 13 INDEX. 747 Page. Census, headquarters chosen. 11 limitations prescribed. 9 memorandum plan. 9 orders governing..-.. 11,621-625 officers appointed..... 621-625 proclamation of the President.. . 10 property, disposition of....... 739 schedules. 61 to be complete and accurate... 10 Censuses, analysis of previous. 702-726 of Cuba.... 72 Center of population. 77-80 Central America, natives, resident in Cuba ... 98,220-225,472-475,499-506 Centro Gallego college... 580 Cervantes college.. ......-.. 580 Cervantes district. (See Perico district.) Cervera, Admiral.. .... .... 41 Chacon, Luis (Governor).. .... 697 Charles III. 67,567 Charles IV. 567 Charles V, licensing of slave trade . .... . 67 “New laws”......-.. 66 Chavez, Antonio (Governor).. ... 696 Chavez, Manuela. 650 Child labor. 155 Children, illegitimate..—.. 354-357 percentage by age periods.. 91 proportion in foreign countries.. 85 ratios by age.. 89 Chile, proportion of unmarried .. 146 widowed.. 143 China, immigration from, regulated. 70 treaty with Spain.......... 71 Chinese immigration. 69-71,733 enrollment of those in Cuba.... 71 number in Cuba.. 220-225 occupations of. 71 percentages of .... .... 96 Chinchilla y Diez deOnata, Jose (Governor).. 698 Chirino, Nicolas (Governor)..... . 697 Church, effect on colonization .. 44 efforts to prevent slavery. 66 maintenance. 38 property, value. 44 Cidra district. (See Santa Ana district.) Ciego de Avila city .. 190 Ciego de Avila district. 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227, 242, 243, 300, 359, 424-426, 510, 513,516,519,521,554,682,720,723,725 Cienfuegos city, revolutionary demonstration in.. 35 statistics: Age. 204,213,375,376 Birthplace.. 219,223 Citizenship...... 227,244-247,279-282 Conjugal condition.12Q, 132,137,139,301,304,334-337 748 INDEX. Cienfuegos city, statistics—Continued. Page. Dwellings. 513 Education .. 403 Families.. 510 Illegitimates. 356 Literacy...148,149 Nativity. 99 Occupations .. 156,157,426-432,452,453 Population. 190 Race.. 198 Sanitation—disposal of excreta. 177, 526 garbage. 175,519 School attendance... 150,360,394, 395 Sex.... 198,201 W ater supply... 172,516 Cienfuegos district.... 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247, 301.360.426- 432,510,513,516,519,521,554,685,699,721,723,725 Cienfuegos, Don Jose de (Governor) ..... 697,730 Cifuentes city. 190 Cifuentes district... 180,186,192,198,201, 204,219,227,244-247, 301.360.426- 432,510, 513, 516, 519,521, 554,687,699,721, 723,725 Cimarrones district. (See Carlos Rojas district.) Cisneros, Pascual Jimenez de (Governor) .. 697 Cities, comparison with previous statistics. 76 corporate limits of.. 76 distribution of. 76 population of....... 76,77,190,191 plans... 44 Citizenship, discussion of statistics. 100-112 statistics: In relation to age, sex. race, and nativity... 251-298 In relation to sex and occupation... 465-467,485-489 In relation to literacy and education. 228-250 Ci^il Code promulgated. 37 Clark.. 737 Cleveland, Grover (President). 39 Climate .. 21 Coast, cities located upon.. 76 formation and character of.... 18 sparsely populated. 75 Cobre city. 190 Cobre district. 185,188,193,198,202,205,220,227,247-250, 301,360,433-437,511,514,517,519,522,555,691,699,722,724,725 Cobre range of mountains ... - 20 Cocoa, production. 539 Coffee cultivation. 43,538 export duty established. 27 exports by years. 537 introduction of culture.. 537 plantations. 540 Cohabitation without marriage. 131 College, Jesuit, established. 566 College of lawyers. 58 Colleges (see Schools). 584 Collegios de Escuelas Pias. 580 INDEX. 749 Page. Columbia, relation to revolutions .. 35 Colon city ...... 190 Colon district._. 180,191,196,203,218,226,236-239, 300,359,413-418,508,512,515,518,520,553,677,699,720,722,724 Colonias....-... 529-532 Colonies, plans of.......-.-.. 44,45 Colonization of Cuba ... ............24-44 plan followed, Roman in character... 44 Color. (See Race.) Color line..... 69 Colored, percentage of population....200-202 slave and free......98,710,711 Columbus, Christopher........ 24,737 Columbus, Don Diego .......... 25,66 Commerce, colonial, with Spain..... 30,31 taxes on enterprise.... 30 Committee, provincial........ 51 Concessions, economic .... 31 trade......... 37 Concha, Jose Gutierrez la (Governor)....... 698 Condition, conjugal. {See Marriage; also Conjugal condition.) Conditions, economic, prior to American occupation... 38 political and economic inseparable. 32 sanitary, of dwellings.. 167 social.... 69 unsanitary. 85 Congedo, Don Juan....... 565 Congress of American Republics, objects...... 33,34 relation of United States to.. 33 results. 34 Congress of United States, action taken... 40,41 Conjugal condition and age ...... 122,123,306-353 nativity .. 299-353 occupations... 469-471,494-498 race..... 124,299-353 sex.. 299-353,469-471,494-498 common-law marriage_ 131 consensual unions...1. 131 discussion of tables. . 117-147 from earlier censuses_710-717 ratios of increase... 127 married .. 138,715 Conover, A. E. 625 Conseijo Regional.. 51 Consolacion del Norte district.. 180,185,192,196, 201, 219, 226, 239-241, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 516,518,521,554,679,699 Consolacion del Sur city....... ...... 190 Consolacion del Sur district.... 180,185,192,196,201, 219, 226, 239-241, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516,518,521,554,679,699 Constitution of 1812, Spanish.. 33 extended to Cuba.... . 37,52 Conspiracies. 33-39 Contadores.. 30 Convents, classification of occupants. 113 750 INDEX. Page. Conyedo.... . 566 Coolies, importation of.. 69 Copper deposits....... 21 Corcho, Fr. Antonio Perez de... 566 Cordillera de los Organos.. 19 Cordoba, Diego de (Governor).... .. 697 Cordoba, Jose Fernandez de (Governor) .... 697 Cordona, Tomas. 631 Cordova, Francisco Fernandez de..... 728 Corral F also city. 190 Cortes, Cuban representation in. 35-37,55 of Castile.... 43 Cost of census... 10,739 Costa Rica, proportion of unmarried. 146 widowed. 143 Council, municipal. 46-47 of administration. 53 authorities. 53 the Indies..... 27,43,566 trade.... 27 Courts, audiencias..... 56, 57,59,60 character of administration.. 59 municipal... 56 organization of.. 57 of first instance, jurisdiction. 57 police .. 59-60 supreme.. 59 Criminals, Chinese. 71 negro.. 69 Cristobal Colon College.. 580 Cristo city.. 190 Cristo district... 181,188,193,198,202,205,220,227,247- 250, 301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522,555,691,699,722,724,725 Crittenden, Colonel. 36 Crops, principal, area cultivated. 558,559 Cruces city. 190 Cruces district.. 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244- 247, 301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521,554,686,699,721,723,725 Cruz. Cape ..1_ 18 Cuadrado, Dr. Gaston Alonso... 574 Cuba, center of population. 80 location of island.. 17 names given: Juana..... Fernandina. Santiago. 24 natives of island... 220-225,472-475,499-506 settlement.. 23 representation in Cortes. 55 Cuban debt, amount.. 38 deficits added.. 31 payment of interest on. 38 Cuban Republics. 55 Cue vitas city.. 190 24 25 INDEX. 751 Page. Cuevitas district...^.. 180,191,196,203,218,226,237- 239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518,520,553,677,699,720,722,724 Currency system ......... 31 Curriculum, University of Habana. 570 D. Daiquiri city...-... 190 Dairla, Francisco (Governor) .... 697 Davey_ 737 Davis.......... _.. _ 737 Davis, Maj. J. G...... 724 Deaths, by districts and years.......... 724 provinces and years_____ 717 ratios.. 718 Debt, Cuban, cost of ten years’ war added... 37 (See also Cuban debt.) Decrees . 709 Insular, directing Chinese to leave...... 71 Royal..... 27,28,32,34,70,71,582,700 Delitsch, Otto.......*... 737 Demands for reforms..... 37 Denmark, proportion of unmarried ....... 146 Density of population, discussion of tables...... 73 ratios. 75 rural population...... 74 Deputation, provincial........... 50 Departments, secretaries of. .... 54 Oriental and Occidental.... 50 DeSoto, Hernandez (Governor) ....... 25,51,698,728 Development, reasons for slow economic. ..... 31 Dewey, Commodore George_____ 40 D'Hespel D’Harponville, Gustave._____ 731,737 Director of the census...... 13,15 letter of transmittal_ 9-15 reports submitted by subordinates.. 625-668 Discovery of Cuba........ 24- Districts, municipal, authority of Military Governor.. 47 division of territory..... 46 Divorce. 118 Dominguez... 737 Dominican fathers. 566 friars. 574 Drake, Sir Francis........ 534 Dudley, D.E. 173 Dulce y Garay, Domingo (Governor). 698 Dumas, Prof. Claudio (supervisor). 621 report as supervisor of Matanzas province_ 631-638 Duties, customs... 28 Dwellings, aboriginal. 65 disposal of excreta..... 176-178,520-522 garbage.... 175,176,517-519 families occupying.. 169,512-514 sanitary condition.. 167 water supply .. 171,515-517 752 INDEX. Page. Education*... 565-620 age, sex, race, and nativity... 400-403 citizenship and literacy. 100-112 cost .. 584 degree shown by statistics .. 147 funds available in former times .. 38 history of Cuban schools. 565-581 lack of facilities...._. 42 literacy and school attendance.. 358-360 opposed by the church..... 44 sex and literacy, by selected occupations. 467-469,489-493 Edwards....... El Caney... Election of councilors.. Elections, early municipal.. Electors, discussion of tables.. literacy.. nativity ... ^qualifications. race ____ _.. . . Elevation and distribution of population Elizabeth, Queen.. El Progreso College .... Emancipation of slaves .... Embargo, Cuban ports placed under_ Emigration, effect _ _.... Employments. (See Occupations.) Encomiendas____ Encrucijada city ...... England, efforts to stop slave trade. natives residing in Cuba_ proportion of unmarried_ English life table. Enna, General. Enumeration districts, boundaries. formation.. number. Enumerators, appointment. instructions. list of names.. Escaleras de Jaruco. Escuelas Pias College.... Espado, Bishop .. Espeleta. Jose (Governor). Esperanza city .1. Esperanza district. . 737 41,175 47 45 100-112 112 101-112 45,49 101-112 80 . 534 . 580 68 27 72 . 65,66,67,728 . 190 .:. 68 .. 220-225 . 146 . 86,89 . 36 . 12 . 11 . ... 12 . . 12 . 12,13 . 668-695 . 19 . 580 . 569 . 697 . 190 180,186.192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247, 301,360,426-432,510,513, 516,519,521,554,684,699,721,723,725 Esquivil, Juan (Governor) . . 697 Europe, natives, resident in Cuba.1. 220-225 percentage of married. 188 sugar production. 525 Evans, Major . . 60 Excreta, methods of disposition. 176,520-522 INDEX. 753 Page. Expeditions, insurrectionary.... 35 Expenditures, itemized statement..... 9,739 Exploration..... 45 Exports of coffee......*. 537 Ezpeleta y Enrille, Joaquin (Governor).... 697 F. Fajardo e Izquierdo, Ramon (Governor). _ Fajardo Manuel Breton... Families. ... and dwellings.. discussion of Statistics. size of.... Farms, area.... and percentage of cultivation. number__ and area, showing tenure and race of occupants.. products ______1... tenure by area, showing race of occupant... ownership and race of occupant. _. Farr’s English life table..... Fauna.......... Females, ratios and numbers of. {See Sex.) Ferdinand, King.... Ferdinand VII.... Fernandia, name given Cuba.. Fernandez, Francisco... Fernandez y Caballero de Rodas, Antonio (Governor) Field work of the census. {See Census.) Figueroa y Garaondo, Cayetano (Governor) ... .. Filibustering........ Fiscal..... Fisheries, tables. {See Occupations.) Fiske, A. K.....’_ Fiske, Prof. John.. Flora...... Flores, Rodrigo de (Governor)....... Florida, distance from Cuba. cession of.... Strait of, controlled by Cuba.. Flotas...... Fomento, Junta de..... Foreign born. {See Nativity.) Forest area.. Forests...... France, natives of, resident in Cuba__*. percentage of children... proportion of unmarried .. sugar production.... Fras, Francisco de.. .... ..... Freedom, effect of economic and political.. Froude..._.. Fruits.*..... .. 696 . 643 ... 507-511 169,512-514 ... 112-117 _ 113 ... 553-555 . 543 540,553-555 _ 546 ... 547-552 ... 555-557 _ 544 _86,89 _ 23 24,52, 67 . 33,569 25 .. 534 .. 698 .. 698 .. 35-40 56 .. 737 _ 66,737 22 .. 697 17 43 17 .. 27-29 69 553-555 22 220-225 85 146 ozo 36 32 . 737 524, 539, 550, 551 24662-48 754 INDEX. G. Page. Gamboa, Francisco Riano de (Governor). 697 Game.. ..-. 23 Gannett, Prof. Henry....13,14 Garbage disposal.. 175,517-519 Garcia, Asuncion....... 637 Garcini, Jose...... 642 Gaurabo River..-... 174 Geography of Cuba... 17-20 Santiago province.. .. 652 Germany, natives in Cuba..... 220-225,472-475,499-506 proportion of unmarried ..t.... 146 Gibaracity...-... 190 Gibara district... 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227. 247-250,301,360,433-437,511,514,519,522,555,694,699,722,724,725 Ginoves del Espinar, Felipe (Governor).. 698 Giron, buccaneer....-.. 29 Gironm, Pedro Tellez de (Governor)..... 697 Gold mining.. 21 Gomez, Gen. Jose Miguel....... 650 Gomez, Jose Sanchez (Governor). 698 Gonzaga, San Luis College...... 580 Gonzalez, Buenaventura. 639 Gonzalez, Francisca del Valle. 650' Government.. . 43-60 ; autonomous. .. 55' colonial theory of Spain...26,32 effect on economic conditions. 32: insular colonial. 51 military ob j ects.... 55 municipal. 45-49' provincial. 50,51 Spanish, an object of suspicion. 31 theory of Spanish colonial. 44 Governors, civil, of provinces... 51 Governor-Generals, list of.. 696-698 status of. 52' to appoint provincial officers. 50' Governors, character.. 32 chronological list. 696-698 : regional..:. 51 Spanish appointive policy.. 32 Grant, U. S. (President)..... 30 Great Britain, natives resident in Cuba. 472-475,499-500 Greene, Maj. Gen. F. V.. 173 Grierson, Capt. Charles H., disbursing officer. 625 Griffin. A. P. C_. .. 575 Grijalva, Juan de. 728 Guabairo colonia. 529-532 Guamacaro district... 180,191,196,203,218,226,237- 239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520,553,075,699,720,722,724 Guainutus district. {See Marti district.) Guanabacoa city, age . 202 birthplh.ee. 218 INDEX. 755 Page. Guanabacoa city, citizenship..... 225,232-235 conjugal condition.. . 120,132,139,299 dwellings. 512 B families. 507 literacy....... 148,149 nativity... 99,194 occupations. 156,157,406-413 population__ 190 race...... 194 sanitation—disposition of excreta..... 177,520 garbage. .. 175,517 school attendance...... 358 sex ........ 194,200 water supply... 172,174,515 Guanabacoa district.... 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218.225.232- 235,299,358,406-413, 507, 512,515,517,520,553,671,698 Guanajay city. 190 Guanajay district.... 180,184,192,196,201,204, 219.226.239- 241,300,359,419-423,509,513,516,518,521,554,681,699 Guane district... 180,184,192,196,201,204, 219.226.239- 241,300,359,419-423,509,513,516,518,521,554,680,699 Guantanamo city....... .... 190 Guantanamo district. 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227,247-250, 301,360,433-437,511,514,517,519, 522,555, 692, 699,722,724,725 Guara district.... 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218.225.232- 235,299,358,406-413,507,512,515,517,520,553, 674,698 Guatemala, proportion of unmarried. 146 widowed. 143 Guayabal district_ 180,185,192,196,201,204, 219.226.239- 242,300,359,419-423,509, 513,516,518, 521,554,681, 699 Guazo, Gregorio (Governor)...... 697 Guines. 175,190 Guines district....... 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218.225.232- 235,299,358,406-413,507,512,515,517, 520, 553, 671, 698 Guemes, Juan F. (Governor)..... 697 Guira city....... 190 Guira de Melena district. 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218.225.232- 235,299,358,406-413,507,512,515,517,520,553,673,698 Guiros, Jose Sanchez ........ 638 Guzman, Gonzalo de (Governor). 696,727 Habana city, burned by privateers.... 28 Chinese immigrants required to enter.. 70 climate... 21 detention of Black Warrior in harbor...... 39 • fortification.. 29 intendence of, created .. 30 lottery.. 38 opened as port of entry.... 27 by British to free trade.. 27 rainfall. 22 ravaged by pirates.. 29 surrender to English . 42 tribunal of accounts... 31 visit of battle ship Marne ... . . 40 INDEX. 756 Habana city, statistics: Page. Age.... 91,112,202,203,214,377, 378 Birth rate by years. 716 Births by years. . 714,720 Birthplace...... 218,223,224 Citizenship...... 103,225,228,229,232-235,283-286 Conjugal condition.. 119, 120,122,124,125,127,128,132-145,299,304,338-341, 722 Death rate by years... 718,724 Deaths, aggregate.. 717 Dwellings. . . 167-170,512 Education. 103,402 Families. 114-116,170,507,512 . Illegitimates.... 356 Literacy. 103,148,149 Nativity... 99,194 Occupations... 155,157,159,403-413, 454,455,476-478,481,485,486,490,494,495,500,501 Population... 90,114,190,192 Race .. 194 Sanitation, disposition of excreta. 177,520 garbage. 175,517 School attendance ....... 150,358,395, 396,570 Sex.. 82,111,194,200 .Water supply. 171,172,174,514,515 Habana district.. 179,182,191,194,200,203,218, 225,232-235,299,358,406-413,507,512,515,517,520,553,668-670,698 Habana province created . 52 center of population...... 78 division into districts. 17 report of census supervisor. 627 statistics. {See References under provinces.) Haiti, distance from Cuba- relations to Cuba_ Halstead. M... Harbors, character. Harrison, Benjamin, President Harvard College. Havabanilla River.. Hazard, Samuel. Health, effect of ignorance on . Helps, Sir Arthur ... Heredia, Jose Maria.. Hernandez, Don Antonio Valle Herrera, Maria Josefa_... Herrada, Luisa.... Hickey, Col. J. B.. Hill, Robert T.. History . of agriculture. of coffee production ... 17 34 . 737 18 29 . 615 . 173 . 737 85 66.737 33 .. 730 . 638 . 650 . 615 80.737 _ 24-41 523-525 . 537 of education 565-585 of sugar production. 525 of tobacco production. 533 Holguin city. 190 INDEX. 757 Page. Hollerith, Herman..- 63,694 Home rule, effect of Spanish policy-...... 32 Honduras, British, proportion of unmarried ...... 146 • widowed......... 143 Horses and mules ( see also Animals)..... 540 Hotels, classification of occupants....'.- 113 Howden, Lord...-. 70 Huber.. 737 Humanidades de Jesus College...... 580 Humboldt, Baron....... 68,737 Hume... 737 Humidity, relative_ 22 Hungary, proportion of unmarried ...... 146 Hunt, William C._. 9,10 Hurricanes. 22,538 Husbands, ratios to wives, widowed, and unmarried. (See Conjugal condi¬ tion. ) Illegitimates, children. 354-357 Illiteracy of electors. 102-112 Illustrations, selection of.. 14 list of. (See Table of contents). Immigration.. 729,731 Chinese.. 69 effect of decrease .. 72 effect on sex ratios....... 83 negro. 67 regulations. 70 tax on entry of immigrants .... 30 Imprisonment without trial.......*.... 59 Incomunicado imprisonment.. 59 Indebtedness, mortgage, amount......... 41 ratio. 41 Independence, conditions requisite.. 41 conspiracy to secure........ 35 efforts of United States to secure for island .. 39 political, not advocated at first.. 32 Indians.............. 66,727 character of aborigines.. 65 estimated number.. 65 enumeration. 634 Yucatan, imported into Cuba...... 67 Indies, law of the...... 44 Industries, interests of Cuban, subordinated by Spain.. 31 profits absorbed by Spain .. 31 taxes levied. 30 (See Occupations.) Innocent XIII, Pope...*. 566 Inodoro, definition of term. 177 Insects.. 24 Institutes. 579 (See Schools; Colleges.) 758 INDEX. Page. Insurrections. f ..1_35-40 Intendence of Habana, creation of ... 30 Intervention of United States, authorized.... 40 effect on economic conditions.. 42 Ireland, natives, resident in Cuba..... 220-225 percentage of children. * 85 proportion of married.... 118 unmarried. .... 146 Iron mines.. 20 Irving, W..... • 737 Isabella Queen. 24 Isabella II, Queen. 36 Isabel de Catolica College..... 580 Isla de Pinos district,... 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218,225,232-235,299,358,406-413,507,512,515,517,520,553,674,698 Isle of Pines, geography..... 20 total population. 72 Islands, character of adjacent..... 18 Islets, enumeration of population. 665,666 Italy, natives, resident in Cuba... 220-225 proportion of unmarried. 146 J. Jaguey Grande district....... 180,191,196,203,218, 237-239,300,359,413-418,508,512,515,518,520,553,678,699,720,722,724 Jamaica. 17,24,67 proportion of widowed population. 143 James I, King. 534 Japan, natives of, residing in Cuba. 220-225 Jaruco city. 190 Jaruco district... 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218,225,2*32-235,299,358,406-413, 507,512,515,517,520,553,671,698 Jews. 26 Jibacoa district. (See Santa Cruz del Norte district.) Jicotea River...... 172 Jiguani district... 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227, 247-250,301,360,433-437,511,514,517,519,522,555,693,699,722,724,725 Jiminez, Juan Bautista, supervisor.. 621 report of. 647-652 John, Prince. 24 Jomarron, Luis F. 639 Jovellanos.. 175,190 Jovellanos district.. 180,191,196,203,218,226, 237-239,300,359,413-418,508,512,515,518,520,553,676,699,720,722,724 Jovellar y Solar, Joaquin (Governor) . 698 Juana, name given Cuba. 24 Judges, election. 61 salaries of.56-60 Judiciary. 55 independence of. 59 Julian Diaz district. 180,185,192,196,201,204, 219, 226, 239-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513,516,518,521,554,681,699 Junta, Cuban, in New York. 36 Juragua Company . 21 INDEX. ‘ 759 Page. Justice, former administration of..... 59 Juzado de Guardia.... 57 K. Key West, Fla.. 17 Kidd, Benjamin. 737 Kimball, R. M. 737 Kindelan, Sebastian (Governor).. 697 L. Labor on colonias.... question, relation to negroes. (See Occupations.) Laborers. (See Occupations.) Lappin, R.C... Las Casas....-. Las Casas (bishop) ... Las Casas, Luis de (Governor). Las Cincas Villas... Lacoste, Perfecto..... La Gran Antilla College... La Gran Piedra...... Lands, grants bestowed. value... Lane, Ralph.. Lasagra, Senor..... Las Lajas district. (See Santa Isabel de las Lajas.) Las Pozas, attack made upon.. Las Villas tobacco.----- Law. (See also Government; Civil Code.) Moret ......... of Indies... school... present school .... Laws governing the census.... suppressing slave trade... under military government. obstacles presented by.. . of Charles V.. Spain extended to the island. Lawton, Gen. Henry W..... 'Lawyers, College of.. examination of... Lazaro, Miguel de .... Ledesma, Francisco de (Governor). Lee, Maj. Gen. Fitz Hugh.. Leeward Islands, proportion of unmarried. widowed. Lemus, Jose Francisco. Lendez, Lorrenzo.. Leon, Antonia de. Lersundi, Francisco (Governor).. Letran, Convent of San Juan de... . 530 69 . 625 65, 66, 567,569 ....... 66 . 568,697,729 .. 17 . 533 . 580 _ 18 .. 65 . 41 . 534 . 575 .. 36 .. 536 .. 68 .. 44 .. 577 . 585-615 ... 11,621-624 ..68,69 .. 56 .. 61 .. 66 .. 46 .. 41 .. 58 .. 58 .. 639 .. 697 .. 737 .. 146 .. 143 .. 83 .. 574 . 633 .. 698 . 566 7G0 INDEX. Page. Letter of transmittal..... 9 Liberal Club of Habana... 35 Life table, Farr’s English .....86,89 Limonarcity ....'. 190 Literacy. 43,147-154 and age .... 152,154,361-384 citizenship...... 103-112,228-250 education. 103-112,228-250,358-360,467-469,489-493 nativity...... 361-384 occupations..... 467-469,489-»493 race... 153,361-384 school attendance. 358-360 sex.. 361-384 discussion of tables... 147-150,710-713 tables given in early censuses.. 710-713 tests adopted in Habana province. 629 Livestock.. _. .. 540,551,552 by kinds of animals... 561 showing race of farm occupants. 562-564 Loaysa, Garcia Giron de (Governor).. . 697 Lochridge, Lieut. P. D. (disbursing officer). 625 Lodge, Senator H. C. 737 Loew, Oscar. 537 Longevity. {See also references to age.) comparative data.. 85 relation of sex and age..... 93-96 Lopez, Narciso .. 35 Los Cayos district... 191,200 Los Palacios district. {See Palacios district.) Louisiana purchase, beneficial to Cuba.... 43 Loyalty of Cubans to Spain... 43 Ludlow, Brig. Gen. William. 59,60,737 Lugo, Pedro Benites de (Governor) . 697 Lujan, Gabriel de (Governor)........ 52,697 Luna. Alvaro de (Governor). 697 Luz, Don Jose de la.*. 569,576 M. Macagua city. 190 Macagua district.. 180,191,196,203,218,226,237 239,300,359,413-418,508,512,515, 518, 520, 553, 678, 699, 720, 722, 724 Macao, port. Chinese immigration restricted to. 70 Maceo, Antonio, death. 69,92 Macdonaid .. 737 Mackellar.*... 737 Madruga city. 190 Madruga district. .. 179,182,191,200,203,218 225, 232,233, 235, 299, 358, 406-413, 507, 512,515,517,520,553,674,698 Maestra Sierra.. 16,18,20,652 Mahy, Nicolas de (Governor). 697 Maine, battle ship, destruction of vessel. 40 Males: excess in age. 93 ratio and number.80-83 INDEX. 761 Males—Continued. Page. of voting age .... Ill totals at different periods..,. 81 {See references to Sex.) Managua city . . 190 Managua district..... 179,182,191,194,200, 203 218,225,232-233,235,299,358, 406-413, 507, 512, 515, 517, 520, 553, 671,698 Mangas district. {See Candelaria district.) Manguito city.. 190 Manifesto, Ostend... 39 Manila bay. 40 Manraneda, Severino de (Governor) ... ... 697 Manrique, Diego (Governor).. 697 Mantua district...... 180,185,192,196,201,204, 219,226,239-242,300,359,419-423,509,513,516,518,521,554,680,699 Manufactories.. 523 Manufactures {see Occupations), decadence of Spanish.. .. 31 Manzanillo district {see also districts formerly included, Campechuela, Cristo, and Mquero). 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227, 247-250, 301,360,433-437,511,514,517,519,522,555,691,699,722,724,725 Manzanillo city, port of entry. 27 Statistics: age....... 205 birthplace. 220 citizenship. .. 227,248-250 conjugal condition..... 120,132,139,301 dwellings. 514 education. T. .. 248-250 families...511,514 literacy . 148,149,248-250 nativity .. 99,198 occupations.. .... 156,157,433,437 population..... 190 race. 198 sanitation—disposition of excreta..... 177,522 garbage. 175,519 school attendance. 360 sex. 198,202 water supply. 172,174,517 Manzano y Manzano, Joaquin del (Governor). 698 Maps.. 11,74,700,701 method of preparation ....... 75 Marcuriges district... 180,184,191,196,200,203,218,226,237- 239,300,359,413-418,508, 512,515, 518, 520, 553, 678,699,720,722,724 Mari, Francisco.... 638,660,665 Marianao..175,190 Marianao district. 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218,225,232,233,235,299,358,406-413,508,512,517,520,553,670, 698 Mariel. 175 Mariel district... 180,185,192,196,201, 204,219,226,239-242,300,359,419-423‘509, 513,516,518,521,554,678,699 Marin y Gonzalez, Sabas (Governor). 698 Marital condition. {See Conjugal conditions.) discussion of statistics .. 117-147 762 INDEX. Page. Marriage. (See also Conjugal conditions.) discussion of existing conditions. 117-147 early ......122,123 ratios.. 127,715 Marriages, by years and by districts. 717, 722, 724 Married. (See Conjugal conditions.) Marti district.. 180, 184, 191, 196, 200, 203, 218, 226, 237-239, 300, 359, 413-418, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 676, 699, 720, 722, 724 Marti y Torrens, Don Francisco.... 733 Martial law, powers conferred on Governor-General. 52 royal decree authorizing.. 33 Martin, Aime... 575 Martin, Juan Riva (Governor). 697 Martinez, Dionisio (Governor) . 697 Martinique, percentage of married population .....118,121 proportion of unmarried... 146 widowed. 143 Martyr, Peter .. 65 Masdival, Jose... 642 Matanzas, attacked by pirates .. . 29 early schools.. 565 port of entry. 27 Matanzas city: age.. 203, 215, 379-380 birthplace...218,224 citizenship. 226, 237, 238, 287-290 conjugal conditions. 120,132,139,300,305,346-349 dwellings. 513 education.:. 237, 238, 402 families .. 509,513 illegitimates.'.. 357 literacy. 148,149,237,238 nativity. 99,196 occupations...._.. 156,157,413-418,456,457 population by wards...-. 184 total. 190 race . 196,215 sanitation—disposition of excreta. 177,522 garbage...175,519 school attendance. 150,359,396,397 sex...1. 196,200 water supply... 172,173,515 Matanzas district. 180,184,191,196,200,203,218,226, 237-239, 300,359,413-418,509, 513,515,520, 553,675, 699,720,722,724 Matanzas province, center of population. 79 created. 50 division into districts... 17 (See also references under Provinces.) Maura, Senor. 37 Maximo Gomez city. 190 Maximo Gomez district.. 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,237-239, 300,359,413-418,509,513,515,518,521,554,676,699,720,722,724 Mayari city. 190 INDEX. 763 Page. Mayari district. 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227, 247-250,301,360,433-437,511,514,517,519,522,555, 691,699,722,724,725 May si, Cape... 18 May si, Point...-. 24 Mazariegos, Diego de (Governor) .... 696 McKinley, William (President)....11, 627 Melena city........... 190 Melena del Sur district.... 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218,225,232,233,235,299,358,406-413,508,512,517,520,553,670, 698 Mendez Capote district.....__ 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,237-239, 300, 359, 413-418, 509, 513, 515, 518, 521,554,676,699,720,722,724 Meneses, Sabas, supervisor ...„. 621 report as supervisor, Santiago province.. 652-657 Merivale........ 737 Merriam, Hon. W. R. (Director United States Census). 9 Mestre, Teresa__ 650 Mexico, Gulf of, entrance controlled by Cuba.... 18 Mexico, natives resident in Cuba.. 98,220-225,472-475, 499-506 proportion of unmarried. 146 widowed. 143 Military government, changes made. 54 Military Governor,appointive power.. .. 49 appointment of. 54 authority over municipal councils.. 49 granted new power to municipal councils. 49 proclamation.. 54 promulgates Cuban census orders. 11 Miller, Maj. William H. (disbursing officer) .. 625 Mineral resources.. 20 Mines.. 20 9 Indians employed. 65 Mining statistics. {See Occupations.) Mirabel, Bernacio... 650 Miranda, J. Antonio. 642 Miranda, Valentine Canedo (Governor).. 698 Monroe Doctrine. 34 Monserrat, Neustra Sra. del (college).. 580 Montoto, Enrique... 639 Monzon y Aguirre, Juana. 650 Moors .. 26 Morell, Bisliop. 566 Moret law. 68 Moron city.. 190 Moron district. 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227,242, 243, 300, 359, 424-426, 510, 513, 516, 519,521,554,682,699,720,723,725 Montalvo, Gabriel (Governor).. 697 Montana, Juan (Governor). 697 Moya, Don Juan Felix de. 565 Munibe, Andres (Governor). 697 Municipal courts.. 56 districts, number .. 17 taxes. 30 Municipalities, authority of councils. 47 colonial form of government.. 46 764 INDEX. Page. Municipalities, new powers granted to.. 49 population.. 181-190 Municipality, definition given in laws.... 46 Murguia, Manuel (Governor). 697 Muro, Salvador de (Governor)... 697 N. Nativity and age... 205-217,251-298,306-353,361-384,400-403 citizenship... 100-112,251-298 conjugal condition.... 130-141,144,302-353 education. 400-403 literacy. 361-384 occupation.. 164,165,462,463,477-480 race. 194-199, 206-217,302-353,361-384,400-403,406-417,462,463,477-480 sex.. 194-199, 206-217,251-298,302-353,361-384,400-403,462,463,477-480 widowed. 144 discussion of tables.. 96-100 percentage of foreign born.. 200-202 Navarro, Diego J. (Governor). 697 Navy, support of Spanish-Cuban .... 38 Negro uprisings. 33 Negroes, history of Cuban.. 67-69 percentage of.. 96 slave and free.. 98 social condition. 69 tables from early censuses. 710-713 total colored population at different periods.97 Netherlands, proportion of unmarried..... 146 Neutrality observed by United States.. 39 New Zealand, proportion of unmarried.... 146 Niquerocity.......... 190 Niquero district.... 181,189,193,202,205,220,227,247-250, 301,360,433-437,511,514,517,519,522,555,693,699,722,724,725 Northers....i..... 22 Nunez, Maria. 636,638 Nunez, Pedro......... 650 Nueva Paz city.... 190 Nueva Paz district. . 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218,226,232-235,299,358,406-413,508,512,515,518,520,553, 674,698 Nuevitas, port of entry.. 27 city. 190 district.... 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227,242, 243,300,359,424-426,510,513, 516,519,521,554,682,699,720,723,725 O. Ocampo, Sebastian . 25 Occupations and age. 159,438-461,463-465,480-484 birthplace .. 499-506 citizenship. 465-467,485-489 conjugal condition.. 469-471,494-498 education. 467-469,489-493 INDEX. 765 Page. Occupations and literacy. 467-469,489-493 nativity.... 164,477-480 race..-. 163,438-463,477-480 sex. 157,166,438-471,477-506 by provinces .. 476-477 by groups....163,165 discussion of tables..... 154-167 of earlier censuses.... 712 Olmsted, Victor H .:.*. 10,13,14,628-644,647 appointed assistant director. 621 report as assistant director. 625-627 work characterized. 11 Order appointing disbursing officers of census... 625 Orders relating to the census...... 11 War Department, as to census... 621-624 Organ Mountains...—. 19 Organization of Census....10,627 Orography...... 19 of Santa Clara province.. 648 Santiago province.. 652 Osorio, Francisco Garcia (Governor). 697 Ostend Manifesto.. 39 Ovando, Governor of San Domingo... 67 Ovando, Nicolas de.....25,67 Oviedo .. 534 P. Pacificos..... . 39 Packard, Robert L....... 565 Palacios, Bishop Felix Jose de Treas. (See Trespalacios.) Palacios district.......180,185,192,196,201,204, 219,226,239-242,300,359,419-423,509,513,516,518,521,554,680, 699 Palma Soriano city..,.. 190 Palma Soriano district......181,189,193,198,202,205,220,247- 250, 301,360,433-437, 511,514,517,519,522,555,690,699,722,724,725 Palmillas district.....180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,237- 239,300,359,413-419,509,513,515,518,521,554,676,699,720,722,724 Palmira city. 190 Palmira district..180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244- 247,301,360,426-432,510,513,516,519,521,554,686,699,721,723,725 Pan de Matanzas. 19 Paradas, Francisco. 574 Parliament, insular... 53 Pasamonte, treasurer......... 66 Pascual, Augustin... 737 Paso Real de San Diego district. (See Julian Diaz district.) Partido tobacco... 536 Patriotism of Cubans. 10 Pecheco, Senor. 70 Penal code promulgated.. 37 Penalvar .. 568 Penalvar, Fr. Jose Maria. 566 Pendergast y Gordon. Luis (Governor). 698 Pensions, civil. 59 766 INDEX. Page. Pensions, teachers’..... 582-584 Pepper, Charles M..... 737 Pequeno, Pedro N., supervisor of census, Pinar del Rio province. _ 621 report_ 639 Peralta, Grave de.. 633 Pereda, Gaspar Ruiz de (Governor) .... 697 Perico city ........... 190 Perico district.. 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,237-239, 300,359,413-419,509,513,515,518,521,554,676,699.720,722,724 Pestilence, effect on population... 73 Pezuela, Don Jacob dela....*... 737 Pezuela, Juan de la (Governor).. 698,738 Philip II ......... 534 Philippine Islands.. 40 Pico Turquino....... 20 Pieltain y Jove-Huelgo, Candido (governor) . 698 Piiialosa, Diego (governor).... 697 Pinar del Rio city, age ....... 204 birthplace..•_.. 219 citizenship..... 226 conjugal condition. 120,132,139,300 dwellings. 513 education. 240-242 families.. 509-513 literacy..... ------ 148,149,240-242 nativity..*... 99,196,201 occupations..... 156,157,419-423 population. 190 race. 196-201 sanitation—disposition of excreta... 177, 521 garbage. 175,518 school attendance .. 150,157,359 sex. 196,201,204 water supply..... 172,174,516 Pinar del Rio district......180,185,192,196,201,204, 219,226,240-242,300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699 Pinar del Rio province. (For references to tables, see Provinces.) center of population. 78 division into districts...>. 17 losses in population. 73 province created. 50 Pipian district.....:_ 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218,226,232-235,299. 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 674, 698 Piracy. 29 Pitcher, Maj. W. L. 60 Placetas city. 190 Placetas district. 180,186,192,198,201,204,219,227,244-247, 301, 360, 426-432, 510, 513, 516, 519, 521, 554, 688, 699, 721, 723, 725 Plantations. (See Farms.) Indians employed in agriculture. 65 Planters, number... 541 Platt. Senator O.H. 9 Playitas, revolutionary attack upon. 36 INDEX. 767 . Page. Polaviejay y del Castillo, Camilo (Governor).... 698 Police, supervisor of. * ...-. 60 system of Habana. 59 Policy, Spanish colonial.. 27-32 Polk, President. 38 Population. (See also References under Age, Birthplace, Citizenship, Con¬ jugal Condition, Education, Families, Dwellings, Illegiti¬ mates, Literacy, Nativity, Occupations, Race, Sanitation, Sex, School Attendance, Water Supply.) by previous censuses ...... 702-713 provinces and municipal districts-- 179-181 wards and cities ...-.... 181-190 center of_________77-80 method of computation ....... 77 density by districts..... 191-193 discussion of tables.......61-72 distribution by altitude.... 80 effects of ten years’ war.... 37 war_ 42 historical resume...... 727-736 losses in total.... 73 maximum ... ...... 72 per square mile......... 74 rural, by districts and provinces.... 191-193 discussion of tables......74-75 total, at different periods.... 179 of cities...... 190 municipal districts ... 179-181 provinces. 119 wards. 181-190 urban, discussion of tables ___76, 77 Port dues.......... 28 Porter. Hon. R. P. (See also Bibliography)..... 173,525 Portocarrero, Juan de Prado (Governor)..... . 697 Porto Rico, age of breadwinners.... 159 married. 121 periods. 86 comparative age ratios. 88 condition of education in 1880...... 570 dwellings and families. 170 families, number of members.... 116 median age. 84 by sex.. 92 natives, resident in Cuba__ 98,220-225,472-475,499-506 occupations .. 155 by race.. 163,164 percentage of children. 134 married.. 118,131,143 population occupied. 157 unmarried. 146 widowed... 142,143 population of marriageable age... 134 ratios of children by age.. 89 768 INDEX. • Page. Ports of entry, Habana .... 43 opening to commerce.*.. 27 Port Tampa...... . 40 Portugal, natives, resident in Cuba...:. 220-225 proportion of widowed .. .. J. 143 Potrerillo . r ..... 19 Poverty, effect on population...... 85 Pozo, definition of term. 177 Pozos Dulces, Count....•.. 36 # Perseverancia college. - .. 580 President, proclamations issued by..„_ a. . 10-40 Prison, classification of occupants on schedules.... 113 Proclamation of Military Governor.... 54 President, calling for volunteers .... 41 Procuradores syndicos.... _ 48 Products, chief agricultural. 523,524 Professions. (See Occupations.) Property, ratio of mortgages to value .. 41 valuation... 41 Protocol between Spain and the United States.. 41 Provinces: Areas of.. 74 Central. 60 Created. 50 Early divisions of island... 729 Number of districts constituting. 17 Occidental...•. 50 Organization. 700-702 Oriental.. 50 Statistical tables— * Age and citizenship... .r_ 112,255-278 education. 400-402 literacy... 363-374 marriage. 122,124,127,310-333 occupations .. 480-484 school attendance.. 386-393 sex.... 124,202 median. 90 of population by periods... 90 Adults, ratio of consensual unions among.. 132 sex and race of married. 128 Animals, classification of owners...:. 562-564 on farms, not on farms, and total number .. 561 Area. 74 of farms. . 543,553-555 of forests. 553-555 percentage cultivated in sugar cane. 549 tobacco. 550 of farm land cultivated. 543 to total. 543 under cultivation in principal crops. 558-559 Birthplace .. 218-225 and selected occupations . . 499-506 Birth rate by years. 716 INDEX. % 769 Provinces—Continued. Statistical tables—Continued. * . • Births by years.*... - Breadwinners... Buildings... Buildings, school.'. Cattle, classification of owners. on farms, not on farms, and total_ Cattle ranches_... . Censos, valuation of existing___ Center of-population_•... Child labor.:.. Children, illegitimate..... percentage of given ages .. ratio to population... . Citizenship..... and age...____ education... literacy. nativity .. occupations. race .. sex ..... Coffee plantations... Colleges. .... Conjugal conditions, consensual unions. and nativity., percentages.. ratios by race marriage, ratio of increase).. ratios, urban and rural... and age. race.. sex. by age. districts . nativity. race. sex.... selected occupations .. Cost of education..... Crops, area of principal.. Cultivation, percentage of farm area under ... Death rate by years.. Deaths, aggregate by years.. Density of population.. Districts, list of enumerators. . Districts. {See References by name of each.) Disbursing officers... Disbursement of census funds. Distilleries.. Dwellings and families.. disposal of excreta... number of occupants.... Page. ... 714,720-722 .... 15,156-159 .. 168 ... 618 . 562-564 . 561 .. 540 .. 41 ..74-78 . 155 . 354-356 .. 91 . 91 _ 225-227 . 255-278 .. 228-250 . 228-250 . 255-278 _ 485-489 . 255-278 255-278,485-489 . 540 . 584 . 132-142 . 132 . 137 . 127 .119,140 ... 122,124,127 ... 125,137,145 . 124 128,132,310-333 . 299,301 302-304,310-333 302-304,310-333 302-304,310-333 . 494-498 .. 584 . 558-559 . 543 .... 718,724-726 .. 717 .. 191-193 .. 668-687 .. 625 __ 739 . 552 .... 170,512-514 .... 178,520-522 ..167-168 24662 - 49 INDEX. 770 Provinces—Continued. Page. Statistical tables—Continued. Dwellings, urban and rural.... 169 Education and age.... 400-402 citizenship. 228-250 literacy. 228-250,358-360 nativity... 400-402 occupations. 489-493 race . i.__ . 400-402 school attendance.. 358-360 sex..... 400-402, 489-493 cost. 584 Enumerators, list by districts.. 668-687 Excreta, methods of disposal in use .... 177,178,520-522 Families... 114-116.507-511 and dwellings..... 170,512-514 Farms, aggregate number. 543 area ...___... ................ o43,oo3—5oo cultivated.. 553-555 average size. 543 number of inhabitants .. 544 occupants by race. 555-557 occupied by owners and by renters_ 544 percentage of area to total area.. 543 tenure by occupant. 555-557 Forest area. 553-555 Garbage disposal. Illegitimates. Indebtedness.. Institutes. Labor of children_ Literacy .. and age. citizenship education. .. 176,517-519 ...... _ _ ... 3o4—356 . 41 . 544 . . 155 . 148,149 . 363,374 . 228-250 228-250,358-360,489-493 nativity. 363-374 occupations. 489-493 race. 363-374 school attendance. 358-360 sex.... 363-374,489-493 of rural population. 148,149 Live stock, on farms, not on farms, and totals. 561 race of owners. 562-564 Males of voting age. Ill Married. 299-304 Median age . 90 Mortgage indebtedness. 41 Nativity and age... 207-212,255-278,363-374,400-402 citizenship... 255-278 conjugal condition. 142.302-304,310-333 education... 400-402 literacy.... . 363-374 race 194-202,207- 212, 255-278, 302-304, 310-333, 363-374,400-402. 477-480 INDEX. 771 Provinces—Continued. Page. Statistical tables—Continued. Nativity and sex.... 194-202,207- 212, 255-278, 302-304, 310-333, 363-374, 400-402, 477-480 selected occupations.__ 477-480 Occupations.. ... 15,156-159 groups .. 403-451 selected_ 476-477 and age___.. 440-451, 480-484 birthplace__ 499-506 citizenship. 485-489 education_ 489-493 literacy_ 489-493 marriage _ 494—498 nativity___ .._ 477-480 race__ 440-451,477-480 sex___ 440-451,477-506 Population, density___ ..... ... 74 of cities__ 190 districts__... ...__179-180 wards. 181-188 percentage of urban.. 76 totals at different periods.... 179, 703 Plantations. (See Farms; Sugar and Tobacco plantations.) Race and age. 207-212.255-278,310-333,363-374,386-393,400-402,440-451 birthplace. 221-223 citizenship. 255-278 conjugal condition.. 128,137,302-304, 310-333 education......._. 400-402 farm tenure.... 544,555, 556, 557 literacy. 363-374 nativity... 194-202,207-212, 221-223,255-278,302-304.310-333,363-374,400-402,477-480 occupations ... 440-451,477-480 school attendance. 386-393,619 sex . 128,194-202,207-212,221-223,255-278,302-304, 310-333,363-374,386-393,400-402,440-451,477-480,619 ratios...... ... 140 Real estate values. 41 Regions... 51 Rural population by districts. 191-193 Sex and age. 124,207-212,255-278, 302-304,310-333,363-374,386-393,400-402,440-451,480-484 birthplace. 221-223,499-506 citizenship... 255-278,485-489 conjugal condition.. 124-128,302-304,310-333, 494-498 education... 358-360,400-402,489-493 literacy... 358-360,363-374, 489-493 nativity... 194-202, 207- 212,255-278,302-304,310-333,363-374,400-402,477-480 occupations 440-451,477-506 race. 194-202,207-212,221-223,255-278, 302- 304,310-333,363-374,386-393,400-402,440-451,477-484 school attendance... 358-360,386-393,619 INDEX. 772 Provinces—Continued. Page. Statistical tables—Continued. Sex and teachers .. 619 excess of males...... 82 School attendance.. 158.386-393,616,618,619 by age.. 386-393 race...... 386-393,619 sex.. 386-393,619 rural ._. 158 Schools... 584 classification__ 618 number. 575,618 School buildings, number and seating capacity . . _ 618 Stills,number and capacity_ _____ 552 Sugar cane, production______ 549 percentage of total cultivated area.. 549 centrals, number and capacity.. ... 552 plantations__ 540,560 Supervisors, reports of......... 627-657 Teachers, number and sex . ...... 619 Tenure of farms by area, cultivation, and number... 555-557 by race of occupants.. ... 544,555-557 Timber areas.. 553-555 Tobacco, area cultivated .. 550 crop produced. 549 percentage of area to total cultivated land... 550 plantations.... .. __ 540 number and size by production. 560 by race of owner and renter_ 560 Urban population ratios. 114 Values of censos.... 41 mortgages. 41 real estate.. 41 Water-supply sources..... 171,174,514-517 rural. 174 Widowed...... 144,299-301 Provincial government.. 50 Public works, funds....—... 38 lacking. 31 Puentes Orandes city. 190 Puerto Padre city . . 190 Puerto Padre district. 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227,247-250, 301,360, 433-437, 511,514, 517,519, 522,555, 683,699, 722,724, 725 Puerto Principe city, age .. . 204,216,291-294,346-349,381,382,397-399, 402,458,459 birthplace .219,224 citizenship. . . 227,291-294 conjugal conditions. 120,132,139,300,305,346-349 dwellings .. . 513 education. 242,243,359,402 families.. 510-513 illegitimates. 357 literacy. 148,149,242,243,359,381,382 nativity .... 99,196,201,216. 291-294,305,346-349,381,382,402 occupations . 156,157,424-426,458,459 population. 190,381,382 INDEX. 773 Page. Puerto Principe city, race...... 198,201 216. 224,291-294,305,346-349.381,382,397-399,402,458,459 sanitation, disposition of excreta ... 177,522 garbage. 175,519 school attendance_ _ 150,359,397,399 sex. 196,201,204 216,224,291-294,305,346-349,381,382,397-399,402,458,459 water supply...... 172,174,576 Puerto Principe district.... 180,186,192,196, 201,204,219, 227, 242, 243, 300, 359, 424-426, 510, 513, 516, 519,521, 554,683,698,720,723,725 Puerto Principe province. {See references to tables under Provinces.) center of population__ 79 province created_ 50 division into districts____ 17 Pupils. (See School attendance.) Purchase of Cuba by United States, proposition made___ 38,39 Q. Qualifications of municipal electors_____ _ 49 Queensland, proportion of unmarried__ 146 Queen Regent of Spain _____ 41 Queipo, Don Vicompte Yasquez._______ 736 Quemado de Guines city........... 190 Quemado de Guines district ___ 181,187,192,198, 201,204,219, 227,244- 247, 301, 360, 426-432, 510, 514, 516, 519, 521,554,687,699,721,723,725 Quero, Geronimo de (Governor).......... 697 Quivican city._________ 190 Quivican district..... .. 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218, 226, 232-235, 299, 358, 406-413. 508, 512, 515, 518, 520. 553. 673,698 R. Race and age... 95,205-217,251-298,361-403,438-461 aggregate population by periods ..... 97 birthplace ......... 220-225 citizenship. 251-298 conjugal conditions...... . 124-142,144,302-353 literacy... 153 nativity.. 194-199. 205-217,251-298,302-353,361-384,400-403,462,463,477-480 occupations_ .... ... 163,165,438-463 school attendance.... 152,385-400, 618, 619 sex... 194-199,205-217.220-225,251-298,302-353,361-403, 438-463, 477-480 comparative ratios. 97 discussion of statistics.... ... 96 in relation to farm products.... 548 of farm occupants.... 544, 546.555-557,560 relative longevity.. 95 tables from early censuses......710-713 Rafael del Castillo...... 566 Rainfall. 22 Railroads. 539 Raja, Vicentes (Governor)...... 697 Raleigh, Sir Walter..... 534 774 INDEX. Page. Ramat, Ricardo........ 639 Ramirez (intendant) ... 569 Ramos, Flora.. ...... 650 Ramsey........ 738 Rancho Veloz city...... 190 Rancho Veloz district .... 181,187,192,198,201, 204,219,227,244- 247,301, 360, 426-432,510,514,516,519,521,554,687,699,721,723,725 Ranchuelo city....... 190 Ranchuelo district...181,187,192,198,201,201,219,227,244- 247,301,360,426-432,510,514,516,519,521,554,684,699.721,723,725 Rasco, Manuel, supervisor of census, Habana province... 621 report. 627-631 % Ratifications of treaty, exchange of_ 41 Ratios. (See Age, Literacy, Conjugal conditions, Nativity, Occupations, Race, Sex.) Rea... 737 Reclus Elisee.... 738 Reciprocity agreement.. .... . .. 27 Reconcentrados . 73 supplies furnished.. 40 Reconcentration, revocation of edict.. 40 effect.. 72 on child life... 87 policy. 39 Reforms anticipated by colonists...._ „ 36 commission to consider .. 36 demanded . 37 Regions, political divisions so called. 51 Registers of property.. 58 Regia city, literacy.. 148,149 conjugal condition ... 120,132,139 nativity....... 99 occupations.. 156,157 population. 190 sanitation, disposition of excreta .. 177 water supply. 172 Regia district... 179,182,194,200, 203,218,226, 232, 233, 235, 236, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512,515,518, 520,553,671,698 Religious orders... 568 Augustine.. 569 Remedios city . . 190 Remedios district .. 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227,244- 247,301, 360,426-432, 510, 514, 516,519,521,554, 688, 699, 721,723, 725 Remedios tobacco .. . 536 Repartimientos..65,67 Representation in Cortes..35-37 Reptiles . 23 Republics, Cuban, proclaimed. 55 Republic of Cuba, Congressional resolution recognizing. 39 Resources, mineral. 20 Restrictions on colonial production.. 31 Revenues, amounts. 38 from taxation and lottery . .. 38 Spanish.29-31 INDEX 775 Page. Revolution, last .. 92 of 1895-1898 .... 39 Revolutions........'... 31-41 Reyna y Reyna, Tomas (Governor)-- ---- 098 RioCauto... 20 Rivers...... 20,649,652 lack of. . 539 Roads, character........ 20 Rocafort, Mariano (Governor) .... ...... 697 Rodas city . ........175,190 Rodas district.____ 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227,244- 247, 301, 360, 426-432, 510, 514, 516, 519, 521,554,686,699,721,723,725 Rodriguez, Rorrario.......... 636 Rodriguez, Senor. 574 Roig, Clarissa. ........ 638 Roia .. 33 Rojas, Manuel de (Governor). 696 Romay, Dr..... 568 Romero, Julian........... 638 Roncali, Federico (Governor)... 698 Root, Elihu (Secretary of War)........ 14,625 Roque city .......... 190 Roque district.... 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,237- 239, 300, 359, 413-419, 509, 513, 515, 518,521,554,678,699,720,722,724 Rowan ........ 738 Royal decrees. (See Decrees.) S. Sabanilla city.. . ..... 190 Sabanilla district..... 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,237- 239, 300. 359, 413-419, 509, 513, 515, 518,521,554,677,699,720,722,724 Saco, Jose Antonio........ 569 Sagra, Senor la ........ 31 Sagra, D. Ramon de la......... 738 Sagrado Corazon de JesusCollege...... 580 Sagua de Tanamo city. . 190 Sagua de Tanamo district .. 181,189,193,198,202,205,220,227,247- 250, 301, 360, 433-437, 511, 514, 517, 519, 522,555,692,699,722,724,725 Sagua la Grande city, age.. 204 birthplace.... 219 citizenship.. 227 conjugal condition. 120,132,139,301 dwellings. 514 education. 244-247,360 families. 510,514 literacy . 148,149,244-247,360 nativity... 99,198,201 occupations. . 156,157,426-432 population. 190 race... 198 sanitation, disposition of excreta. . 177,521 garbage. 175,519 school attendance. 360 sex .... .. 198,201,204 water supply. 172,516 776 INDEX. Page. Sagua la Grande district -. .. 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227, 244-247.301,360,426-432,510,514,516,519,521,554,687,699,721,723,725 Sagua la Grande River..... 20 Salamanca y Begrete, Manuel (Governor). . 696 Salamanca, Juan de (Governor)......... 697 Salud district..... 179,182,191,194,200,203,218, 226.232.233.235.236.299.358.406- 413,508,512,515,518,520,553,673,698 Sampson, William T ......... 41 San Ambrosia College.. 566 Hospital. 568 Seminary _.. 568 San Anacleta College_ 580 San Antonio Cape.. 18 San Antonio de los Banos .. 175,190 San Antonio de los Banos district__ 179,182,191,194,200,203,218, 226.233.235.236.299.358.406- 413,508,512,515,518,520,553,672,673,699 San Antonio de las Vegas district__ 179,182,191,194,200,203, 218,226, 232.233.235.236.299.358.406- 413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 673, 699 San Antonio de las Vueltas district... 181,187,192,198,201,204,219,227,244- 247,301,360,426-433,510, 514, 516, 519, 521, 554, 686, 699, 721. 723, 725 San Antonio de Rio Blanco district. (See Santa Cruz del Norte.) San Basilo Magno seminary.. 567 San Carlos College....... 568,580 San Caros College.. 569 Sanches, Manuel Andres...._. 35 Sanches, Etelvina.. 632 San Cristobal College.. 580 San Cristobal district....... 180,185,192,196,201,204, 219,226,240-242,300, 359,419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 680, 699 Sancti Spiritus city, age. 204 birthplace. 219 citizenship.. 227 conjugal condition.... 120,132,139, 301 dwellings.. 514 education. 244-247,360 families. 510,514 literacy.. . 148,149,244-247,360 nativity. 99,198,201 occupations. 156,157,430-433 population.. 190 race.... 198,201 sanitation, disposition of excreta. 177,522 garbage. 175,519 school attendance... 360 sex... 198,201,204 water supply. . . 172,174,516 Sancti Spiritus College. 580 Sancti Spiritus district. 181,187,192.198,201,204,219, 227,244-247, 301,360,426-433, 510,514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 689, 699, 721 San Diego .. 723,725 San Diego de los Banos district.180,185,192,196,, 201.204, 219.226.240- 242,300, 359, 419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554, 681, 699 San Diego de Nunez district . 180,185,196.201,204, 219.226.240- 242,300,359,419-423, 509, 513, 516, 518, 521, 554. 681, 699 INDEX. 777 Page. San Diego del Valle district__ 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227, 244-247,301,360.426-433,511,514,516,519,522,554,684,699,721,723,725 San Domingo......... .. 25 importation of slaves into ._____ 67 Indian population_____. 66 slavery in island___ ____ 67 San Felipe city----..- ---. _ _ 190 San Felipe district___ ____ 179,182.191,194,200,203,218, 226,233,235,236,299,358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553. 673, 699 San Fernando city.... ___ __ 190 San Fernando College__ 580 San Fernando district.. 181,187,192,198.201,204,219,227, 244-247,301,360, 426-433, 511,514, 516, 519,522,555,686,699,721,723,725 San Francisco de Paula College_.._ . ___ 580 Sanger, Lieut. Col. J. P.. Ins. Genl., U.S. A.. appointed director of census.. 621 director of census__ 15, 694 letter of transmittal .. 9 reports received by_ 625-668 San Ignacio College___ .____ 566 Sanitation, effect of poor _______ 85 dwellings..... .... 167 disposition of excreta..... 520-522 garbage ___ 517-520 San Jose de las Lajas city_ ______ .. 190 San Jose de las Lajas district___ 179,183,191,194,200, 203,218, 226.233.235.236.299.358.406- 413,508,512,515, 518. 520.553, 672,699 San Jose de los Ramos city ... ... 190 San Juan battle of..... ... 41 San Juan de los Remedios district. (See Remedios district.) San Juan de las Yeras city.. 190 San Juan de las Yeras district. 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247, 301,360,426-433, 511,514, 516,519,522, 554, 685,699,721,723,725 San Juan y Martinez district.... 180,185,192,196,201,204, 219.226.240- 242,300,359,419-423,509,513,516,518,521,554,679,699 San Luis city...... 190 San Luis College ..... 580 San Luis district, Santiago province.... 181,190,193,198,202,205,220,227,247-250, 301.360,433-437,511,514,517,519,522,555, 691,699,722,724,725 San Luis district, Pinar del Rio province... 180,185,192,196,201,204, 219.226.240- 242,300, 359,419-423,509, 513,516,518,521,554,679,699 San Meliton College ..... 580 San Miguel Arcangel College .. ... 580 San Nicolas district...... 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 226.233.235.236.299.358.406- 413, 508, 512,515, 518, 520, 553, 674,699 San Rafael College.. 580 San Ramon College........ 580 San Sulpicio, religious order.... .. 568 Santa Ana city. 190 Santa Ana College. 580 Santa Ana district. 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,237-239, 300,359,413-419,509, 513,515,518, 521.554, 675, 699. 720, 722, 724 Santa Clara city, age.. 204 birthplace .. 220 citizenship.. 227 778 INDEX Page. Santa Clara city, conjugal condition .. 120,132,139,301 dwellings.. 514 education.... 244-247,360 families... 511,514 literacy.. 148,149,244-247,360 nativity. 99,198,201 occupations. 156,157,426-429 population. 190 race. 198,201 sanitation, disposition of excreta.... 177,522 garbage.175,519 school attendance. 360 sex.. 198,201,204 water supply...... 172,516 Santa Clara district 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227,244-247 301,360,426-433,511,514,516,519,522,554,684,699, 721,723,725 Santa Clara, losses in population........ 73 Santa Clara province. (See references under Provinces.) center of population. 79 province created .. 50 division into districts . 17 Santa Cruz de los Pinos district. (See San Cristobal district.) Santa Cruz del Norte district... 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 226,233,235,236,299,358,406-413,508,512,515,518,520,553,672,699 Santa Cruz del Sur city... 190 Santa Cruz del Sur district.. 180,186,192,196,201,204,219,227, 242. 243,300, 359, 424-426,510, 513, 516,519,521, 554,682,699, 720, 723, 725 Santa Fe city....... 190 Santa Isabel de las Lajas city.... 190 Santa Isabel de las Lajas district. 181,187,192,196, 201, 204,219,227,244-247, 301, 360, 426-433, 511, 514, 516, 519, 522, 554, 686, 699, 721, 723, 725 Santa Maria del Rosario district... 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 226, 233, 235, 236, 299,358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518,520,553,671,699 Santiago attacked by American army.. 40 buccaneers. 29 Santiago Apostol College.. 580 Santiago city, age.. 205,217,295-298,305-353,383,384,399, 400,460,461 birthplace ... 220,225 citizenship.,. 227,295-298 conjugal condition.,. 120,132,139,301,305, 350-353 dwellings. 514 education . 244-250,360,403 families. 511,514 illegitimates.. 357 literacy.. 148,149,244-250,360,383,384 nativity.. 99,198,202,217,295,298,305,350-353,403 occupations. 156,157,433-437,383,384,460,461 population. 190,383.384 race. 198, 202.217,225,295-298,305,350,353,383,384,399,400,403,460,461 sanitation, disposition of excreta. 177,522 garbage...175,519 school attendance. 150,360,399.400 INDEX. 779 Page. Santiago city, sex.-.. 198,202,205,217, 305,350-353,403 water supply.-.. 172,173,517 Santiago de Cuba district (see Palma Soriano and San Luis districts for por¬ tions of former territory)_ 181,190,193,198, 202,205,220,227,247-250, 301,360,433,437,511,514,517,519,522,555,691, 699, 722,724,725 Santiago province. (See references under Provinces.) center of population.—. 80 port of entry... ... 27 province created____ 50 division into districts_______ 17 Santiago de las Vegas city...... 190 Santiago de las Vegas district .... 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 226, 233, 235, 236, 299, 358, 406-413, 508, 512, 515, 518,520,553,673,699 Santo Domingo ( see also San Domingo).... 534 revolution beneficial to Cuba.__ 43 Santo Domingo city.... .... ... 190 Santo Domingo district.. 181,187,192,196,201,204,219,227, 244-247, 301,360,426-433, 511, 514, 516.519, 522,554,687,699,721,723,725 Scandinavia, natives resident in Cuba_____ ___ 220-225 Schedules, census...-... ..... 61 limitations of forms adopted...... 9 of agriculture .... . 540,541 school....... .... 616 Scholatria at Santiago.... 566 School attendance......... T _ 150,584 and education. ........ 358-360 literacy.........358-360 at latest reports____ 615 by age ..... 152,385 classes_ _.._..___ 618 race___.__ 152,385,618,619 ratio to population____ 618 sex___ 151,385,619 schedules. 616 buildings. 618 equipment . .... ..-___ 581 law. present status of system..__...__ 585-615 normal... 584 number in June, 1900.......... 615 system. 585-615 Schools.. 565-620 by classes and by provinces...... 618 expenditures for support.......... 585 history of Cuban education.. 565-581 lack of, under Spanish regime.... .. 42 number. 575 by classes. 584 primary. 578 professional. 584 secondary.. 579 superior. 579 Scotland, natives resident in Cuba.. 220-225 proportion of married. 118 780 INDEX. Page. Scotland, proportion of unmarried. 146 Secret societies . . 32,33 Self-government, census a step in establishment. 10 early.. ....... 45 Senate, United States. Committee on Relations with Cuba. 9 Senor, Father .. . .. .. 574 Sergeant, John . . . .... 34 Serrano, Don Francisco (Governor). 698,734 Settlement of Cuba . ..... 23-26 Settlements, early .24,25 Seville, exclusive trade privileges granted...... 27 Sex and age .. .. . . 92-96,122-124,135, 136.163,165,205-217,251-298,306-353,361-403,438-461,463-465,480-484 birthplace_ 220-225,419-506 citizenship....... 251-298,465-467,489-493 conjugal conditions. 122, 124,128,133,135,136,302-353,469-471,485-489,494-498 education.. . 400-403,467-469.489-493 literacy. 153,361-384,467-469 nativity_ 194,205-217,251-298.302-358,361-403,462-463,477-480 occupations.. . 157,161,163,165,166,438-506 race_ 194,205-217,220-225,251-298,302-353,361-403,462,463, 477-480 school attendance . 151,385-400 by provinces and districts ...... 194-202 discussion of tables. 80-83 of earlier censuses. 710 of teachers and pupils. .... 619 ratios . ....1... 88 table from earlier censuses. 710-713 Shatter, Gen. W. R_. . ..... 40 Shaw, Albert . . . ..... 738 Siete Partidas. 44 Sierra Adentro.. 17 Sierra de los Organos. . ..... 536 Sierra Maestra. 16,18,20,652 sparsely populated.. Siete Partidas.... Silva Clotilde..... Silver mining... Single. {See Conjugal conditions.) Slave trade. Slavery. . . abolition of. Indian .. . introduction of negro... Slaves, statistics regarding. Smuggling .. . Sociedad de la Cadena .. Sociedad Economica . . . Sociedad Patriotica. {See Sociedad Economica.) Soles de Bolivar . South America, natives resident in Cuba . . Spain, relations to Cuba ... emigration . 75 44 650 21 . 67.731,732 . 729 . 38 . 65 67 . . 98.710-713 . 29 . 34 42,43.568,569,574 . 33 . 98,220-225,472-475,499-506 . 26-58 . . 26 INDEX. 781 Page. Spain, natives resident in Cuba.. 220-225,472-475,499-506 proportion of widowed.... 143 regulations about colonists. .... 70 treaty with China ... 71 treaties entered into. {See Treaties.) Spalding, J.B. 625 Spalding, W.L. 625 Spanish-American war. 40-41 Spanish Bank, collection of taxes..... 30 of Cuba.... ..... 583 Spanish laws violated.... 31 theory of colonial government. 26 Stamp taxes.. 30 Statistics, date basis.... .. 72 Sterling, Marques.. 641,642,643 Stock raising.. 539 Students. {See School attendance.) Sugar.. 524-560 beet, effect on production of cane sugar... 525 cane cultivation, methods ...... 524 production by provinces.. 549 export duty established...... 28 fall in price of. 38 history of Cuban production. 525 method of manufacture.. 524 mills (centrals)..... 552 plantations. 540 by area, and by race of occupants.. 560 by production, and by race of occupants.. 560 development.. 524 labor regulations. .. . 531 number. 524 salaries paid in connection with. 531 price in relation to production..... 526-533 production by years. .. 527,533 Supervisors of census, appointed. 621 instructions given. 10 nominated by military governor. 10 reports of. 627-657 return to Washington. 10 Surgidero city.. 190 Sweden, proportion of unmarried ...... 146 Switzerland, percentage of children.. 85 proportion of unmarried-. 146 T. Tabulating Machine Company.. 14 contract for census tables.. 694 method used. ..... 61 Tacon, General. ...... 569 Tacon, Miguel (Governor)....... 69*7 Tacon y Rosique, Miguel (Governor).. 697 Tapaste district... 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 226,233,235,236,299,358,406-413,508,512,515,518,520,553,672,699 782 INDEX. Tariff ..... differential, effects... effect on agriculture .. Tasso, Don Jose. . . Taxation, effect of Spanish .... on sugar production_ excessive.. Taxes, character. Teachers. number by classes. provinces and by sex in June, 1900.. salaries.... Tejada, Juan de (Governor)... Temperature.... Ten years' war _ ....... Jfage. . 28,31 . 29 .. 539 ... 568 .. 30 . 528,529 . 29-31 . 29 581-584,578,615-619 ... 584 . 619 . 651 . 578 .. 697 .. 21 . 36,37 cost. 37 effect on conjugal conditions .. 124,136 schools... 581 Tetas de Managua. 19 Tineo. Juan A. (Governor). 697 Tobacco .. 533-537 cultivation.. 536-537 curing .. 537 early production. 535 monopoly. 535 pi antations. . 540 by area and by occupancy .. 549 by production and race of occupant.. 549 productions by provinces. 549 Tonnage taxes. 28 Torre, Don Rodriguez dela.. 733 Torre, Marques de la (Governor). 697 Torres, Laureano de (Governor). 697 Trade regulations, colonial. 26-29 restrictions ...... 27-29,36 tables, statistical. (See Occupations.) winds, effect on climate .. 22 Treaty between Spain and China . 70,71 Dutch provinces. 27 United States... 41 of Madrid, between England and Spain . 27 Paris (1763) .. 43 Vienna. 68 Zanjon. 37,528 with England . . 68 Treaties, provisions as to trade. 27 Trespalacios, Bishop. 568 Tridentine Seminary. 566 Trinidad district. 181, 187, 192, 196,201,204,219,227,244,245, 247,301,360,426-433,511,514,516,519,522,554,684.699,721,723,725 Trinidad city, age. 204 birthplace. 220 citizenship. 227,245-247 INDEX. 783 Page. Trinidad city, conjugal condition... -- 120,132,139,301 dwellings...-.-... 514 education.. .-.. 245-247,360 families.. 511,514 literacy...... 148,149,245-247,360 nativity-- 99,198,201 occupations.....- - 426-433 population...- - -. 190 race.. . 198,201 sanitation, method of disposal of excreta..:.— 177,522 garbage__ 175,519 school attendance...— 360 sex ..__....-. 198,201,204 water supply.. 172,174,516 Trinidad, port of entry. ..-.- 27 percentage of married population. .... 118,121 proportion of unmarried.. 146 widowed.. 143 Troncoso, Bernardo (Governor).. 697 Turks Island, proportion of unmarried ...... . 146 widowed .. 143 Turnbull. 738 U. Ulloa, Francisco Javier de (Governor). 698 Union de Reyes district... 180,184,191,196,200,203,219,226,237-239, 300,359,413-419,509,513,515, 518,521,554,677,699,720,722,724 Unions, consensual. (See Conjugal conditions.) United States, age of breadwinners... 160,161 married... 136 age periods .. 86 of unmarried. 146 attitude during insurrections. 39 breadwinners... 155,159,163 comparative age ratios.. 88 dwellings and families.. 170 importation of Cuban tobacco. 535 interest in Cuban affairs .. 38 longevity by race. 95 median age by sex. 92 of population... 84 natives resident in Cuba.. 220-225,472-475,499-506 neutrality. 39 occupations. . 155,159,163 by groups and sex. 166 race.. 164,165 percentage of married .. 118 natives in Cuba . 98 population occupation. 157 marriageable age .. 121 married. 122,123,135 unmarried..... 146 widowed. 143 784 INDEX. Page. United States, ratio engaged in occupations. 155 of children by age. 89 husbands to wives and widowed. 143 married to adults. 121 widowed. 142 sex of breadwinners. 161 sugar produced.. 525 University, early history.. 566,567 establishment. 566 of Habana. 579 curriculum. 570 of Merida. . 567 Unmarried ( see Conjugal condition). 299,301 by age, nativity, race, and sex. 306-353 sex, race, and nativity. 302-305 sex and occupations.. 494-498 discussion of tables..145-147 ratio to population. 146 sex ratios.. 146 Unzaga, Luis de (Governor). 697 Ursulines, school. 568 x V. Valdez, Antonio.._... 639 Valdes, Bishop Francisco Geronimo. 567 Valdes, Don Geronimo (Governor). 731 Vaides, Father._..... 566 Valdes y Sierra, Geronimo (Governor). 698 Vallejo, Diego (Governor). 697 Valleys... 19 Value of livestock. 540 censos. 41 mortgages. 41 real estate. 41 Varelo, Felix . 568 Vegetables. 550.551 Velazquez, Diego (Governor)....... 25,32,43,65,696,727 Venegas, Francisco de (Governor). 697 Vento spring .. 173 Vera-Cruz.. . 27 Vereda Nueva city. 190 Vereda Nueva district. 179,183,191,194,200,203,218, 226,233,235,236,299,358,406-413,508, 512, 515, 518, 520, 553, 673, 699 Vessels, search of American. 39 Viamontes, Juan Bitriande (Governor). . . 697 Viana. Diego de (Governor). 697 Vienna, treaty of. 68 Vilaro y Diaz, Dr. Don Juan... 573 Villa Clara. 570 Villalba, Diego de (Governor). 697 Villalpando, Ambrosio (Governor). 697 Villarin, Pedro Alvares (Governor). 697 Villate, Bias (Governor). 698 Villavicencio, Maria Nunez de. 666,668 INDEX. 785 Page, Vinales city........ 190 Vinales district...— - 180,185,192,196,201,204, 219, 226, 240-242, 300, 359, 419-423, 509. 513, 516,518,521,554,680,699 Virginius, capture of vessel______._ 39 Viscaya, Spanish cruiser, visit to New York____ 40 Vital statistics......... 86,714 Vives, Captain-General__ _______ 33,35 Vives, Dionisio (governor)_ ______ 697 Vives, Don Francisco Dionisio (governor)____ 730 Vogdes, Capt. Charles B., disbursing officer..... 625 Voters. (See Citizenship by age.) qualifications of...... 45-47-49 Vuelta Aba jo....... 17,19.36,536 Vuelta Arriba_______ 17 Vueltas city..-.... 190 W. Wales, proportion of unmarried. . 146 War, declared by United States.....__,_____ 41 War Department order directing the taking of the census..... 621-624 appointing disbursing officers .... 625 War, effects of___ on marriage_ population__ schools ... sugar production_ War, The Ten Years’___ Wards... population by___ Water-supply sources.. Wealth, effects of war on... lack due to governmental policy Weis, Maria...... West Indies, natives resident in Cuba_ Weyler y Nicolau, Valeriano (Governor) Widowed (see Conjugal conditions)_ 42 . 136 73 . 581 525,529 41 . 12,46 181-190 170-175,514-517 42 32 650 220-225,472-475, 499-506 ... 40,581,698 _ 142-145, 299-301,302-353.469-471, 494-498, 710 Willcox, Walter F.... . .. 14 Wilson, Gen. James H.._ .... 635,638 Wilson, Maj. James E_____ 631 Wilson, Maj. James L________ 625 Windward Passage _ _________ 18 Wines, Dr. F. H __ . ... ... 9.10 Wives. (See Conjugal conditions.) Wood, Maj. Gen. Leonard (Military Governor) _..._ 49,57,60,585,638 X. Xeldes, Francisco (Governor)......... 697 Y. Yaguajay city...... 190 Yaguajay district.... 181,187,192.196,201,204.219,227.244-247, 301.360.426-433,511,514, 516. 519,522,554, 684.699, 721. 723,725 24662-50 786 INDEX. Page. Yara River.....174 Yayabo River ........ 174 Ybarra, Rosa..... 637 Yelguez, Bishop Hechavarria...... 566 Yglesia city........ 190 Yucatan channel....... 17 distance from Cuba...... 17 Indians. 733,735 Indians imported in co Cuba_ . ..... 67 regulations of immigration from.... 70 Yumuri Valley. 19 Z. Zamora.. 738 Zapata Swamp .......... 18,67,648, 650 report of enumerator....... 658-665 Zanjon, treaty of.... 37, 528 Zaragosa. 738 Zuazo (licentiate). 66 * * r - • . -