JZ~. A- /A- 
 
 THE 
 
 INTERNATIONAL FUR STORE, 
 
 gg&BEHT STREET, 163 & 198, 
 FASHIONABLE FURRIERY. 
 
 SEALSKIN JACKETS. 
 
 SIE^-IiSIKlIEISr IIVC^riSrTIEIJBTS. 
 
 Jfxtr ^riTfb Coats for bribing. 
 FUR LINED COATS FOR TRAVELLING. 
 fUfl 30*8. 
 
 FUR CAPES. FUR MUFFS. FUR GLOVES. 
 
 THE 
 
 finternattonal Jfur Store 
 
 REGENT STREET, 163 & 198. 
 
 LONDON. 
 
THE 
 
 INTERNATIONAL FUR STORE. 
 
 World Produces.” 
 
 A GOOD FUR-LINED 
 OVERCOAT FOR £10- 
 
 JSIurt |IUrcbante, 
 
 AND 
 
 Manufacturing 
 
 Furriers 
 
 “The Finest Furs the 
 
 163 &198, REGENT STREET, LONDON, 
 
 II 
 
OSIER'S 
 
 ART GALLERIES & 
 SHOW ROOMS. 
 
 CRYSTAL GLASS & 
 
 T of Modern Ware PlGS CHINA SERVICES. 
 
 TABLE DECORATIONS, 
 
 GLASS & CHINA ORNAMENTS. 
 
 IE Hi IE O T IR, O Hi HE S. 
 
 EVERY DESCRIPTION OF FITTINGS FOR 
 ELECTRIC LIGHTING. 
 
 ,-Samps, @<m6e£a6ra, g^cmBeCteirs. 
 
 GLASS MANUFACTURERS 
 (13^ IRopal Marram) 
 
 TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, 
 
 100, OXFORD STREET, W. 
 
 Ill 
 
Debenham & Free body 
 
 INVITE AN INSPECTION OF THEIR 
 
 SPECIALITIES e** 
 
 Caikr-mata farkets $ ®0tans, 
 Jltoing Jab its, 
 
 TEA GOWNS , DRESSING GOWNS, 
 MANTLES, MILLINERY, 
 
 AN1> 
 
 Wedding Trousseaux. 
 
 DEBENHAM & FREEBODY, 
 
 Wigmore Street and Welbectc Street , 
 
 LONDON, w. 
 
 IV 
 
By Special 
 Appointment. 
 
 By Special 
 Appointment. 
 
 HAYWARD’S, 
 
 LACE MERCHANTS & MANUFACTURERS, 
 
 166 & 168, OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W. 
 
 The largest Stock in England of every description of 
 
 MODERN & ANTIQUE LACE 
 
 Supplied direct from the Manufacturers. 
 
 Special IBcstgns in 
 
 Brussels and Honiton Laces. 
 Black Chantilly Flounces 
 Spanish Mantillas. 
 
 Lace Pocket-Handkerchiefs 
 and Fans. 
 
 Millinery and Mantles. 
 
 ®cput for 
 
 Irish Laces. 
 
 The Royal Irish Silk Guipure 
 Lace Mantles and Fichus. 
 Lace Scarfs and Sunshades. 
 
 Ladies’ Underlinen. 
 Trousseaux and Layettes. 
 
 American Visitors are specially invited to visit this Store, holding 
 the largest Stock of every description of Lace in Europe. 
 
 V 
 
Jules Mumm& Co. 
 
 ONE QUAUTY ONLISIHP^ 
 —THE FINEST. 
 
 VI 
 
ALLAN WYON, 
 
 djhitf (ijngraifr of.LH'i' JKiijestg’s Seats. 
 
 MEDALLIST, JEWELLER, & ENGRAVER 
 
 OF 
 
 BOOK PLATES, CARD PLATES, 
 PAPER DIES, 
 
 SIGNET RINGS 
 
 MEMORIAL BRASSES, 
 SILVER PLATE, &c. 
 
 EPISCOPAL, ARCHIDIACONAL & OTHER 
 ECCLESIASTICAL SEALS. 
 
 HERALDIC DRAWINGS AND PAINTINGS. 
 
 287, REGENT STREET, LONDON, W. 
 
 AND 
 
 2 & 3, LANGHAM CHAMBERS, PORTLAND PLACE, W. 
 VII 
 
LADIES’ TAILOR 
 
 BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS TO 
 
 GOWNS, COATS, MANTLES, WRAPS, HATS. 
 
 SILK AND VELVET DRESSES. 
 
 RIDING HABITS, COVERT COATS 
 AND ULSTERS. 
 
 26 & 27, CONDUIT STREET 
 
 Communicating with LONDON, W. 
 
 27, NEW BOND STREET 
 
 Patterns of Newest Materials and Sketches of 
 Latest Styles, with forms for Self-measurement, 
 Post Free on application. 
 
 VIII 
 
SPECTACLES AND EYE-GLASSES OF BEST QUALITY. 
 
 Highest Awards: 
 
 GOLD AND SILVER MEDALS, 
 
 FOR 
 
 i. H. STEWARD’S 
 
 OPERA, FIELD AND MARINE GLASSES. 
 
 J. H. STEWARD’S celebrated Binoculars and Telescopes are in use 
 by most of the leading Travellers, Sportsmen, Riflemen and Military 
 Officers throughout the world. 
 
 Illustrated Catalogues gratis, post free. 
 Optician to the British and Foreign Governments, and the National 
 Rifle Associations of England, Ireland, India, Canada, New York and 
 New Jersey, U.S. By Appointment. 
 
 400, STRAND; 457, WEST STRAND; 
 
 And 54, CORNH1LL LONDON 
 
 IX 
 
HARRIS JONES & Compy. 
 
 265 , 
 
 OXFORD STREET, IV., 
 
 J'atlics’ | ailors, jjlabit jjfaltera, 
 
 &C. 
 
 267 , 
 
 OXFORD STREET, TV., 
 
 (10 Doors West of Oxford Circus), 
 
 GENTLEMEN’S TAILORS 
 
 AND OUTFITTERS. 
 
 An inspection of our large and varied Stock 
 respectfully invited. 
 
 5 PER CENT. DISCOUNT FOR CASH. 
 
LANGHAM HOTEL. 
 
THE 
 
 
 GUIDE to LONDON 
 
 PREPARED FOR THE USE OF VISITORS. 
 
 SEVENTH EDITION . 
 
 REVISED AND EDITED BY 
 
 WALTER GOSDEN, 
 
 (Manager). 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 THE LANGHAM HOTEL COMPANY, 
 1890. 
 
LONDON : 
 
 WATERLOW AND SONS, LIMITED, PRINTERS, LONDON WALL, 
 
/ 6 C < M. SEXTON 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 The Langham Hotel 
 Tariff of charges 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 General Description of London 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Two Excursions : — 
 
 First Excursion 
 Second Excursion 
 
 PAGE 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 ia 
 
 . 26 
 . 43 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Objects of the Greatest Historic Interest : 
 
 St. Paul’s Cathedral .... 
 
 64 
 
 Westminster Abbey . 
 
 . 66 
 
 Houses of Parliament 
 
 68 
 
 Westminster Hall .... 
 
 60 
 
 Tower of London 
 
 61 
 
 Charter House .... 
 
 62 
 
 St. John’s Gate .... 
 
 63 
 
 Lambeth Palace .... 
 
 64 
 
 Roman Remains, London Wall, &c. 
 
 . 66 
 
 906969 
 
 
Contents , 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Royal Residences : — page 
 
 St. J ames’s Palace 66 
 
 Buckingham Palace ...... 6 7 
 
 Kensington Palace 68 
 
 Marlborough House . . . . . .68 
 
 Whitehall 69 
 
 * 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Churches and Places of Worship . . . .70 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Museums, Art Exhibitions, &c. .... 86 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Places of Amusement, &c 97 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Parks and Gardens . . . • * . H . 115 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 ,Public Buildings, Institutions, &c 126 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Scientific and Learned Societies . • • .131 
 
Contents . 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Courts of Law, Inns, and Prisons .... 142 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Hospitals, Charities, &c 147 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 The Clubs . . . . . . . .162 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Docks, Markets, &c. 171 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Suburban London 182 
 
 CHAPTER XYI. 
 
 Environs of London 189 
 
 Baths, &c 200 
 
 United States’ Officials . . . , , .201 
 
 American Bankers . «, . . . . .202 
 
 Embassies .... .203 
 
 Conveyances, &c. , . . . . 205 
 
 Cab Fares 218 
 
 Principal Railway Routes . * . 220 
 
 A 
 
Contents . 
 
 Steamship Lines .... 
 
 Public Offices 
 
 Trades and Tradesmen 
 Hotels : — 
 
 England and Wales . 
 
 Scotland 
 
 Ireland ..... 
 Continental Hotels : — 
 
 France 
 
 Belgium and Holland 
 Bhine and its Vicinity 
 Germany ..... 
 Switzerland .... 
 
 Italy 
 
 Austria 
 
 Spain and Portugal . 
 
 Bussia, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, 
 United States .... 
 Foreign Moneys and Exchange Bates 
 Postal Bates ..... 
 
 &c. 
 
 Index 
 
 Index to Advertisements. 
 
 Page 
 . 228 
 . 238 
 
 ; 240 
 
 . 243 
 
 . 247 
 . 248 
 
 . 249 
 
 . 250 
 
 . 251 
 
 . 252 
 
 . 253 
 
 . 254 
 
 . 255 
 . 255 
 
 . 250 
 . 257 
 . 258 
 
 . 200 
 
 . 201 
 
 . 271 
 
THE LANGHAM HOTEL 
 
 GUIDE TO LONDON. 
 
 The object of this Guide is to give information to the 
 Traveller, feeling as we do, certain it will be accorded a 
 repetition of that warm reception given to former editions, 
 and we hope it may be considered interesting to preface 
 our general description of London with particulars of the 
 Hotel from which it emanates. 
 
 The building of the Hotel was commenced in 1863, and 
 with furniture, cost upwards of £300,000 sterling, it was 
 declared open by H.B.II. the Prince of Wales, in June, 
 1865, and at once obtained the prestige of being the most 
 unique and complete establishment of its kind in the 
 United Kingdom, and it has been the aim of the manage- 
 ment, by a judicious annual expenditure, to maintain that 
 reputation in the competition occasioned by the numerous 
 large Hotels that have of late years been erected to meet 
 the ever increasing demands of our great metropolis. 
 
2 The Langham Hotel. 
 
 In the year 1868 the property passed into the hands of 
 a new Company, comprising a majority of the old share- 
 holders, with the infusion of new blood into the Board 
 of Direction. 
 
 The site is regarded as the healthiest in London, the 
 death-rate in the district, as officially reported, being 
 hut seventeen in a thousand. Occupying a commanding 
 position at the southern extremity of Portland Place, on 
 ground once occupied by the mansion and gardens of the 
 Earl of Mansfield, the hotel overlooks one of the noblest 
 thoroughfares in the metropolis, and commands a view of 
 the Broad Walk of Regent’s Park and, on a clear day, of 
 the distant heights of Hampstead and Highgate. It is 
 in the very centre of the fashionable part of the West 
 End, also in the immediate vicinity of Regent Street, 
 Oxford Street, New Bond Street, and within easy distance 
 of Hyde Park, the Houses of Parliament, and the 
 principal places of amusement — a position unsurpassed 
 in the whole metropolis for salubrity, facility of access, 
 and general convenience for the visitor. Every inch of 
 it is devoted exclusively to the purposes of an hotel. It 
 is, moreover, as nearly fire-proof as such a structure can 
 he made ; the halls, comdors, and stairways being 
 all of stone. There are also four main pipes running 
 from the top to the bottom of the house, with openings 
 for hose on every story, connected with tanks containing 
 nearly 100,000 gallons of water, supplied from a magni- 
 ficent Artesian Well 365 feet deep, by two engines of 
 fourteen horse power each. There are also four trained 
 firemen, and a large number of the staff are periodically 
 
3 
 
 The Langham Hotel . 
 
 exercised in fire duties, while every portion of the building 
 is fitted up with electric fire-alarms, which would not only 
 give warning of a fire, but actually denote the exact position 
 of the outbreak. The geological strata hereabouts are prin- 
 cipally flint and chalk, which ensures an abundant supply 
 of the purest water to he found in all London. Independent 
 of this, a connection has been established with the West 
 Middlesex Waterworks’ main reservoir at Hampstead, 
 affording an increased supply and additional security in 
 case of fire. Altogether the safeguards adopted against 
 fire, and the apparatus for extinguishing one, should 
 the necessity arise, are about the most complete in the 
 metropolis, and seeing that the whole of the building is 
 devoted to the purposes of the Hotel, there is no danger of 
 an outbreak occurring from extraneous sources, as in some 
 of the other large caravanserais of the metropolis. The 
 advantage of this is at once apparent. 
 
 Let us glance for a moment at the exterior of tho 
 Building, the appearance of which is extremely striking, 
 tho front particularly impressive. Viewed from the middle 
 or southern extremity of Portland Place, the noble facade , 
 212 feet in width, completely hounding the horizon south- 
 ward, cannot fail to impress the most indifferent spectator. 
 
 The principal Hall, which is reached through a massive 
 stone portico, is 50 feet square, and at either end spring 
 the main stone stairways, reaching to the topmost story. 
 In recesses on the right and left of the Hall are placed 
 the “General Office,” for the reception of visitors, and 
 the “Parcels’ Office,” for the reception of packages, &c. 
 In the former, which is unique of its kind, are to bo 
 
4 
 
 The Langham Hotel . 
 
 found several clerks, whose duty consists in apportioning 
 apartments, supervising the delivery of letters, cards, 
 &c,, and responding to the thousand and one questions 
 from inquirers of every class. So numerous are the latter 
 at times that it becomes a sort of general intelligence 
 office. In the latter, porters receive, register, and deliver 
 bundles, parcels, and luggage, and take charge of coats 
 and umbrellas. 
 
 There are two passenger Lifts or Elevators, one facing 
 the Parcels’ Office and the other near the West staircase. 
 Both are beautifully decorated and rapid in motion. In 
 the Entrance Hall itself are appropriately situated a branch 
 Post and Telegraph Office, with a pillar-box in the 
 vestibule, thus affording . every desirable facility for cor- 
 respondence. There is also a Telephone Office for all 
 parts of London, while a book and newspaper stall, a box 
 office for the sale of tickets for the opera, theatre, &c., and 
 an office for supplying railway and travelling tickets 
 generally to all parts of the world. Eight and left of the 
 Offices range suites of handsome and spacious apartments, 
 much used for receptions, public dinners, wedding break- 
 fasts, &c. There are also large hair cutting and shaving 
 saloons conducted by the well known firm of Messrs. 
 Truefitt & Co., the Bookstall and Theatre Ticket Office by 
 Messrs. Keith, Prowse & Co., and Eailway Ticket and 
 Shipping Office by Messrs. T. Cook & Son. 
 
 The building may, for the purposes of inspection and 
 description, be divided into a centre and two wings. In 
 the eastern or left-hand wing, on the ground floor, are 
 situated seme handsome apartments, consisting of the 
 
The Langham Hotel. 5 
 
 Ladies’ Drawing-room, General Sitting-room, and Ladies’ 
 Music-room en suite , and overlooking Langham Place and 
 the quaint “All Souls” Church with its peculiar steeple. 
 In the Music -room will be found one of Erard’s grand 
 pianofortes. To the south and west of these, approached by 
 a short transverse corridor, in one corner of which we find 
 the Cashier’s Office, we reach the salle ci manger , or general 
 Dining Hall, or, as it is more commonly known in England, 
 the Coffee-room. This noble apartment, 120 feet in length 
 by 47 feet in breadth, is beautifully and richly decorated 
 with columns of composite to imitate white marble, 
 extending the whole length on either side, with lofty 
 windows lighting it from the south, and corresponding 
 ones overlooking the spacious courtyard to the north. 
 It is easily reached by either corridor, as well as through 
 the courtyard. Not the least attractive feature of this 
 room, more particularly in the early spring and London 
 season, are the rich displays of handsome flowers to he 
 seen in the south windows, so grateful to the eye and 
 taste of the veteran epicure. 
 
 In the West or Chandos Wing are situated the Smoking 
 and Billiard-rooms, each in itself well worthy of more 
 extended notice than our meagre limits will allow. The 
 latter popular rooms are Supplied with two of Burroughes and 
 Watts’ improved tables, with combination cushions. The 
 corridors are remarkably light, cheerful, and well ventilated, 
 paved with encaustic tiles in rich mosaic, and appropriately 
 ornamented with statuary, &c., producing a most pleasing 
 effect. The lavatories at the South end of the West 
 Corridor are on a very commodious and elaborate scale, 
 
6 
 
 The Langham Hotel . 
 
 they are provided with every appliance that skill could 
 suggest or accomplish. By the addition of this Wing the 
 sleeping accommodation of the Hotel has been increased by 
 twenty- five rooms. 
 
 Thus far we have confined our peregrinations to the 
 main or ground floor of the Hotel. Below this, reached 
 by stone stairs only known to the officially initiated 
 visitor, stretch the subterranean apartments of the vast 
 building, and in which the visitor is introduced to what 
 may very properly be termed the working hive of this 
 vast establishment. 
 
 In the basement and mezzanine floors are situated the 
 kitchen and larders, the bakehouse, wine-cellars, engine- 
 room, the tramway (150 feet in length), &c., with ample 
 accommodation for meals for the house- servants, who num- 
 ber some 250. The kitchen, one of the largest in the 
 kingdom, is 75 feet by 59, and is perfect in all its arrange- 
 ments ; access from it to the various floors in all parts 
 of the house being obtained by means of numerous lifts. 
 
 On the same floor with the Kitchen is a Steam Laundry 
 of most extensive proportions and equipment. The whole 
 of the linen needed, as well for the guests of the house 
 as for the Hotel itself, passes through it. Between 
 thirty and forty persons are daily engaged in this depart- 
 ment alone. In fact, the settlement below stairs is 
 scarcely less numerous than the colony above ; and it is 
 not the least gratifying feature of the system pursued at 
 the Langham to witness the admirable manner in which 
 the requirements of this little army of workers are looked 
 after by the management. 
 
The Lcingham Hotel. 7 
 
 We linger a moment on the threshold of the stores and 
 supply-rooms, mentally calculating the thousands of tons 
 of provisions needed in the course of a year for the 
 sustenance of the inmates of this vast building, and the 
 wide range of taste to which — under the despotic laws of 
 modern cuisine — the management are bound to minister. 
 We may also mention that the whole of the bread, 
 pastry, confectionery, &c., is made on the establishment, 
 workshops are also provided for Engineers, blind-makers, 
 cabinet-makers, painters, &c. 
 
 Leaving now the basement we return to the ground 
 floor, and disdaining the proffered u lift,” we ascend the 
 wide and easy stairway leading from the main floor. The 
 first landing opens on the entresol , which is entirely 
 devoted to bed-rooms of smaller dimensions than those 
 on the upper floors. The second landing brings us to 
 the lofty and commodious corridor of the first story, 
 running the whole length of the four sides of the house, 
 and in which “a coach and four” could easily travel 
 without damaging the walls. On this floor are situated 
 the principal suites of apartments, elaborately fitted up 
 and decorated, presenting “ Loyal” accommodation. A 
 magnificent room almost exclusively used for wedding 
 breakfasts, of which a large number are given at this 
 Hotel, is also on this floor. The second and third floors 
 are divided into smaller suites of apartments for families ; 
 whilst on the three upper stories large and small chambers 
 are provided for single persons and families desirous of 
 living more economically. There are in all thirty-two 
 drawing rooms, and thirty four suites comprising bed, bath, 
 
8 
 
 The Langham Hotel. 
 
 and dressing rooms, and over two hundred and fifty 
 single and double bed-rooms attached. 
 
 One of the latest improvements has been the addition of 
 Electric lighting throughout the establishment, and with a 
 view to absolute safety from fire, the whole of the installa- 
 tion has been prepared under the regulations of the Phoenix 
 Insurance Company, and arrangements for the currents to 
 he supplied by the Metropolitan Electric Supply Company. 
 
 The management have striven to introduce the best points 
 of the three systems — English, French, and American ; the 
 object being to combine the comfort of the first with the 
 elegance of the second and the discipline and organization 
 of the third. In the dining-hall the visitor can regale 
 himself, English fashion, or take his seat at a well- 
 furnished table- d'hote, or if aesthetic in his proclivities, dine 
 d la carte , in the latest French mode ; if price be a considera- 
 tion he can regulate it from five shillings to a guinea. In the 
 way of apartments almost all tastes can be suited. Private 
 omnibuses have also been provided by the management for 
 the accommodation of families and large parties, which meet 
 them at or take them to any of the London Railway Termini. 
 
 TARIFF. 
 Ground Floor. 
 
 Sitting rooms .... 
 
 Do. and bed-room combined 
 Bed-room ..... 
 
 s. d. 
 
 . from 17 6 
 
 . „ 15 0 
 
 5 6 to 8 0 
 
 First Floor. 
 Drawing room with bed and dressing 
 room, &c. ..... 
 
 Sitting-rooms and saloons 
 Bed -room 
 
 . from 40 0 
 
 20 0 to 30 0 
 6 0 to 17 G 
 
The Langham Hotel. 
 
 Second Floor. 
 Drawing-room with bed and Dressing 
 room, &c. .... 
 
 Sitting-room and single bed-room 
 Sitting-rooms .... 
 
 Bed-room and dressing-room 
 Bed-room 
 
 s. 
 
 from 25 
 
 >> 
 
 n 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 5 
 
 Third Floor. 
 
 Sitting-room, bed and dressing-room, &c. . from 26 
 
 Bed-room and dressing-room, communi- 
 cating . . . . . . . . ,, 9 
 
 Bed-room . . . . . . . ,, 4 
 
 Fourth Floor. 
 
 Dressing-room and bedroom, communicating . from 9 
 Bed-room . . . . . . . ,, 4 
 
 Upper Floors — Bed-rooms . . from 3 
 
 Extra beds occupied on the First or Second Floors 2 
 
 Ditto, on the Upper Floors . . . .2 
 
 Visitors’ Servant’s bed, per night . . . .2 
 
 Ditto ditto board, per day (each) . . 5 
 
 Children’s cots 1 
 
 Fires, <fec. s . d . 
 Sitting-room fire,^’day2 0 
 Bed-room . .16 
 
 Dressing lights . 1 0 
 
 Sitting-room gas ) 2 0 
 
 or electric light / 
 
 Baths. 
 
 Hot Baths . . 1 
 
 Cold . . .1 
 
 Shower . . 1 
 
 Hip or Sponge . 0 
 
 9 
 
 d. 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
IO 
 
 The Langham Hotel . 
 
 Salle a Manger, or General Dining Room eor Ladies 
 and Gentlemen. s. cl. 
 
 Breakfast, plain (with preserves if in Coffee-room) 2 0 
 
 ,, Table d'Hote . . . . .36 
 
 ,, a la Carte ( see daily menu) 
 
 Luncheon, Table d'Mote, 1 till 3, or ci la Carte 
 
 Tea, plain 10 
 
 Dinner d la Carte ( see daily menu) . . from 3 0 
 
 ,, Table d"* Hote, from 6 to 8 p.m. . . 5 0 
 
 Suppers, d la Carte ( see daily menu) 
 
 Cup of Tea or Coffee, with thin bread and butter . 0 9 
 
 ,, ,, ,, in bed-room ,, ,, . 10 
 
 When Meals are supplied in Bed-rooms, One Shilling per 
 head extra is charged. 
 
 The Wines as per Hotel List have long been noted for 
 their excellence, and every effort is made to maintain that 
 reputation. These the Company are prepared to supply, in 
 quantity, at wholesale prices, and forward carriage paid. 
 
 The Hotel contains General Sitting or Drawing-room, 
 Ladies’ -room, Gentlemen’s Reading and Writing-room and 
 well -ventilated Smoking and Billiard rooms. Spacious 
 suites of Apartments are especially reserved for Wedding 
 Breakfasts, Dinner Parties, Balls, &c. 
 
 In the General Sitting-room a constant supply is kept 
 of the following English, American, and Continental 
 papers, &c. : — Times, Daily News, Daily Telegraph, 
 Evening Standard, Globe, Morning Post, Pall Mall 
 Gazette, St. James’s Gazette, Standard, Anglo-American 
 Times, Architect, Army and Navy Gazette, British Archi- 
 
The Langham Hotel. 1 1 
 
 tectj British and Colonial World, British Mail, British 
 Trade Journal, Builder, Bullionist, Canadian Gazette, 
 Christian Chronicle, Colonies and India, Continental 
 Times, Court Circular, Field, Financial News, Graphic, 
 Hotel World, Illustrated London News, Illustrated 
 Sporting and Dramatic News, Investors’ Guardian, Iron, 
 Iron Trade Exchange, John Bull, Life, Limited Liability 
 Beview, Merchant and Manufacturer, Mining World, 
 Money, Truth, Observer, Punch, Judy, Fun, Queen, 
 Bailway Times, Sanitary Engineering, Saturday Beview, 
 South American Journal, Sunday Times, Scotsman, 
 Glasgow Herald, Glasgow Weekly Mail, Manchester 
 Courier, Galignani’s Messenger, Journal des Debats, 
 Kolnische Zeitung, Neue Frei Presse, New York Herald, 
 New York Times, Public Ledger, San Francisco, News- 
 Letter, Sydney Mail, British Australasian, Salon, American 
 Truth, Dominion Illustrated, Mining Journal, Lock to 
 Lock Times, British and Colonial Circular, Admiralty 
 Horse Guard Gazette, Naval and Military Argus, Broad 
 Arrow, Musical World, Lighthouse, Statist, Mark Lane 
 Express, Financial Times, Bod and Gun, Overland Mail, 
 American Begister, Baily’s Magazine, Blackwood’s Maga- 
 zine, Longman’s Magazine, Nineteenth Century, Army 
 List, Navy List, &c. 
 
 Service. One Shilling and Sixpence per day for each 
 Visitor, Casual Visitors, Sixpence per meal. 
 
 The Hotel Company will not be responsible for any 
 property lost in the Hotel or taken from the public 
 rooms unless they are deposited with the proper persons, 
 visitors are therefore requested to leave all valuables at 
 the Cashier’s Office (East of Entrance Hall), together 
 
12 
 
 The Langham Hotel . 
 
 with a written memorandum obtaining receipt for the 
 articles left. 
 
 Visitors are requested not to pay any money without a 
 bill, and when they purpose leaving to give notice of their 
 intention at the General Office before noon of the day of 
 their departure, sooner if possible. 
 
 Night porters and servants constantly in attendance 
 for late and early trains. 
 
 Seats secured for all the public places of amusement at 
 Theatre Ticket Office. 
 
 Dogs — Small dogs only are allowed in Visitors’ rooms at 
 a charge of Ten Shillings and Sixpence per day, and none 
 aro permitted under any circumstances in the general rooms. 
 Proper quarters, with food and care, provided at Two 
 Shillings and Sixpence per day. 
 
 Private Carriages of every description supplied, by the 
 day or hour, at fixed charges. Couriers provided if required. 
 
 Visitors are requested to communicate any cause of 
 complaint to the undersigned, that it may be immediately 
 investigated and rectified. 
 
 ‘Walter Gosden, 
 
 Manager, 
 
 Bankers. 
 
 The London and County Bank, Hanover Square Branch. 
 
 Solicitors. 
 
 Messrs. Gedge, Kirby & Co., 
 
 1, Old Palace Yard, Westminster. 
 
 Medical Officer. 
 
 Dr. J. T. James. 
 
 (in daily attendance, and may be summoned at all hours). 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 
 
 London, the capital of Great Britain, is also the 
 metropolis of the civilized world, being not only the 
 largest city, hut the wealthiest. It is situated geographi- 
 cally in latitude 51° 31' N., and in longitude 5' 48" W. 
 from the Boyal Observatory at Greenwich ; distant about 
 300 miles from Dublin, 397 miles from Edinburgh, and 
 lies in a valley some forty-five miles from the sea, extend- 
 ing on both sides of the Biver Thames. With more than 
 five millions of inhabitants, which eight hundred thousand 
 houses scarcely suffice to shelter, it covers an extent 
 of territory equal to twelve miles long and eight miles 
 wide, closely built, while day by day the suburbs are 
 being drawn into the huge vortex of the city. The 
 City of London proper is but a small portion, geographi- 
 cally, of the great metropolis, and may he fitly termed 
 its “ counting-house,’ ’ being its financial and commercial 
 centre. From Hampstead in the north to Norwood in 
 the South, and from Woolwich in the east to Hammer- 
 smith in the west, the metropolis covers an area of 
 streets and squares of 80,000 acres, or 125 square miles, 
 while within a radius of fifteen miles from Charing 
 
14 General Description. 
 
 Gross some 700 square miles are cohered. The government 
 of the City is vested in the Corporation, consisting of a Lord 
 Mayor, Aldermen (the Mayor being one) ; two Sheriffs, for 
 London and Middlesex conjointly ; the Common Councilmen 
 of the several wards ; and a Livery, assisted by a Recorder, 
 Chamberlain, and a number of lesser lights. The Aldermen 
 are elected for life, and are chosen by householders who 
 are “ freemen ” and pay an annual rent of ten pounds. 
 The City is represented in Parliament by four members. 
 In addition to the City itself the metropolis is divided into 
 parliamentary districts. The Metropolitan Board of Works 
 was the governing body for the districts outside the City 
 for many years, and during its tenure of office carried out 
 some most important works for the sanitation and beautify- 
 ing of the metropolis — such as the main drainage, 
 constructing the Victoria and Albert Embankments, which 
 form two of the finest riverside promenades to be found in 
 the world, and several main thoroughfares, public parks, 
 gardens, &c. The duty now (under the Local Government 
 Act passed by the present Government) devolves upon the 
 London County Council, consisting of 118 members elected 
 by the ratepayers and representing the various parliament- 
 ary divisions of the metropolis, and 19 aldermen elected 
 by the Council themselves. Lord Rosebery is the Chairman, 
 and Mr. Haggis, Vice-Chairman ; they meet at Spring 
 Gardens, the former house of the Metropolitan Board of 
 Works. 
 
 The larger and more valuable portion of the City is 
 situated on the north side of the River Thames, while 
 the southern, or Surrey side, is mainly inhabited by the 
 
General Description. 15 
 
 poorer classes, although in every direction the latter 
 are to he found in sufficient numbers. 
 
 To the stranger, especially if he come from the clearer 
 atmosphere of the Western world, London presents 
 generally from October to April, a cloudy, sombre hue, 
 giving to the heart of the wayfarer a chilly and 
 depressing feeling. But in those smoke -besmeared houses, 
 the threshold once passed, are to be found real home 
 comforts. The stranger’s first impressions of England 
 and Englishmen are seldom favourable. To be appreciated, 
 the people must be known. Without the glitter and 
 glare of Paris, in their homes maybe found solid happiness 
 and sturdy sincerity rarely experienced in warmer climes 
 or amongst a more enthusiastic people. 
 
 Owing to the great scarcity of stone in the island, 
 brick buildings largely predominate, although in all the 
 public edifices continental marbles are largely used. The 
 visitor from more modern cities will also be struck with 
 the large proportion of small houses, many of them of the 
 most limited dimensions, though these are gradually giving- 
 way to palatial structures, the erstwhile occupants of the 
 City now taking up their residence in the suburbs, in 
 which building operations on an extensive scale have been 
 for some years carried on. Arising from the nature of the 
 coal used, structures of every hue and material soon assume 
 the same discoloured condition, presenting an appearance 
 of antiquity even in the most modern portions of the town, 
 from which the eye turns with grateful relief to the ever- 
 green verdure of the innumerable parks and squares. 
 
1 6 General Description . 
 
 The streets of this great city are invariably clean and 
 well kept ; they are also remarkably well lighted, a few 
 of the better-known thoroughfares being illuminated with 
 the electric light. 
 
 Considerable perplexity is often caused by the maze- 
 like appearance of the smaller streets ; fortunately for the 
 novice, however, especially the Transatlantic visitor, cab- 
 fare is so cheap that a shilling or two will rescue him 
 from the most perplexing muddle, especially if he puts 
 on a knowing air, and states his destination in the curtest 
 phrase. Another fruitful source of complication in the 
 mind of a stranger is the frequent recurrence of the same 
 name for streets in widely-separated districts. To remedy 
 this, a postal division has been effected, which when under- 
 stood, greatly lessons the liability to mistakes. By this system 
 the metropolis is divided into eight districts, as follows : — 
 
 North . 
 
 N. 
 
 South-Western . 
 
 S.W. 
 
 East 
 
 E. 
 
 South-Eastern 
 
 S.E. 
 
 West . 
 
 W. 
 
 Eastern Central . 
 
 E.C. 
 
 North-Western . 
 
 N.W. 
 
 Western Central . 
 
 W.C. 
 
 The initial letter 
 
 serves to indicate the locality with 
 
 sufficient precision. In some cases, however, a still 
 more minute sub-division is required, as, for instance, 
 King Street, of which there are no less than thirty- five. 
 In such instances the nearest square, or most prominent 
 highway or locale is added, thus : — 
 
 King Street, St. James’s Square, S.W. 
 
 ,, Smithfield, E.C. 
 
 ,, Covent Garden, W.C. 
 
 ,, Camden Town, N.W. 
 
General Description. 17 
 
 In numbering the houses, also, a very mixed system 
 prevails, some streets being numbered consecutively up 
 one side and down the other ; others again have the odd 
 numbers on the right and the even on the left, and vice 
 versa. 
 
 The Postal System adopted in London is so perfect that a 
 very limited modicum of attention on the part of a writer 
 will ensure the certain delivery of his correspondence. 
 Over 3,000 offices and pillar-boxes throughout the various 
 districts serve to receive all communications ; these are dis- 
 tributed from six to eleven times a day ; but of such material 
 importance is the initial letter of the district, that with it 
 a letter is delivered in two hours, whereas without the 
 apparently insignificant addition it might not reach its 
 destination in six. One of the most useful and important 
 departments of our postal system, is the parcels post, several 
 deliveries taking place daily in London and its Suburbs. 
 Parcels up to eleven pounds weight are taken, the charge 
 being three-pence if not exceeding one pound, and three- 
 half -pence each pound additional. 
 
 Among the most noticeable of the many differences 
 between European and American cities, there is none 
 which attracts the attention of the Transatlantic visitor 
 more gratefully than the system of Cabs. For one 
 shilling, one or two persons are conveyed a mile quickly 
 and safely ; but be it understood that every cabman 
 expects a slight increase on his proper fare. In London 
 two styles only of such public vehicles are known — the 
 “Hansom” and the “four-wheeler” — the former being 
 licensed to carry two and the latter four inside. In the 
 
1 8 General Description. 
 
 one the passenger finds nothing between himself and the 
 horse but a splash-board, and is thus enabled to see with 
 case the various objects of interest on his route. In the 
 other he is “ cribb’d, cabin’d, and confin’d,” and beholds 
 everything through a dirty medium or under adverse 
 circumstances. Of both kinds some eight thousand 
 perambulate the streets or occupy the stands, which are 
 multitudinous and widespread, enabling the weary pedestrian 
 to avail himself of their services at every turn or corner. 
 In case of dispute as to the legal fare refer to the nearest 
 police officer, or demand that “cabby” carry you to the 
 nearest police station ; or, if you are of a plucky nature, and 
 anxious to make the acquaintance of a metropolitan police 
 court, demand first to see his book — which, of course, ho 
 true cabman ever carries — and then take the number of his 
 cab ; but, if legally inclined, be sure to pay him his illegal 
 fare, so as to make your case good, and render a return 
 necessary, wffiich will grieve him more than the courteous 
 remarks of the blandest magistrate in the world. It is 
 indispensable in engaging a vehicle by the hour that you 
 should so state before starting , as it makes a material 
 difference in the speed ; eight miles an hour being easily 
 attainable by the mile , whereas six miles only are achieved 
 by the hour. 
 
 The Omnibus is also an institution in London, upwards 
 of 2,000 traversing it in every conceivable direction; but 
 they are very deceptive, demanding the quickest per- 
 ception of the most experienced stager. To the stranger 
 who is indifferent to what part of the City or suburbs he 
 is carried, the best plan is to mount the box by the 
 
General Description . 19 
 
 side of the driver, who is generally very civil to well- 
 bred strangers ; a tip in the shape of a cigar will make 
 an invaluable friend, and much knowledge will he gained 
 for the small outlay. 
 
 A third system of locomotion will be found in the 
 Metropolitan or “ Underground ” Eailway, and the Metro- 
 politan District Eailway, which, starting from Aldgate, 
 make a circle by way of the Mansion House, Charing 
 Cross, Victoria, South Kensington, Praed Street, Baker 
 Street, Portland Eoad, King’s Cross, and Moorgate Street, 
 to return again to Aldgate. Trains are also running 
 the reverse way, and from any of the above points others 
 extend their ramifications in every direction, the latest 
 extension being to Eickmansworth and Chesham, while 
 others to Putney and Wimbledon, &c., &c., were completed 
 in 1889. This is decidedly one of the “ institutions ” of 
 London, and is well worthy of inspection. 
 
 The despatch, regularity, and safety with which the 
 trains are run, and the difficulties of otherwise obtaining 
 adequate locomotion for the moving masses of this 
 monster metropolis, have combined to render this rail- 
 way almost indispensable, especially to business men. 
 As an investment the speculation, despite tho enormous 
 outlay, has proved a paying one. Some ninety millions 
 of passengers are conveyed upon it every year. From 
 the Langham Hotel the readiest approach to its numerous 
 stations is from Portland Eoad, a short distance only, and 
 easily reached by the Metropolitan Eailway Company’s omni- 
 bus from Langham Place, the fare by which is one 
 penny. 
 
20 General Description. 
 
 Another popular public carrier is the Fiver Steamer, 
 and London cannot he said to he 44 done” without a trip 
 to Greenwich and to Kichmond in one of them. For a 
 penny you are taken from Westminster Bridge to London 
 Bridge ; whilst for sixpence you are transported to either 
 extremity of the metropolis. From these steamers you 
 may see many of London’s most important historical 
 points and most noted structures. 
 
 Tramways are now a leading feature in many parts of 
 London, it being possible for the Visitor to ride to Plum- 
 stead, Hampstead, Ponder’s End, and other places far 
 into the suburbs by their means. 
 
 At the W’est End are also to be found a number of 
 Job-Masters, also called (as in the United States) 
 Livery-Stable-keepers, who furnish every description 
 of vehicle and “ turn-out,” from the modest one-horse 
 brougham to the pretentious four-in-hand drag, with 
 driver and footman in neat and simple livery, which 
 can be hired by the hour or by the year at very fair 
 rates. 
 
 Among the excellent features of London may be 
 numbered the Corps of Commissionaires, composed of 
 retired veterans, most of whom are decorated, and many 
 of them minus a limb, who, for a consideration, will run 
 a message, chaperon a young lady or attend an old one, 
 and do a variety of things handily and surely at the rate 
 of sixpence a mile or an hour. Like the cabs, they are 
 to be seen everywhere in a neat and serviceable uni form ? 
 and are always respectful and trustworthy. Their head- 
 quarters are in Exchange Court, Strand, where they can 
 
General Description . 2 1 
 
 be hired for longer or shorter periods, and where all 
 information can readily be obtained. A more recent 
 association is that of the “Ladies Guide Co.,” 16 Cock- 
 spur Street, providing ladies qualified to act as guides to 
 the “ sights of London,” as interpreters, travelling com- 
 panions, or aids in shopping, and generally undertakes 
 to give all the assistance and information required hy a 
 stranger in London — a fixed scale of charges, particulars 
 of which free on application. 
 
 The Shoeblacks are also an institution not to be over- 
 looked or despised. Attached to a brigade, they wear a 
 uniform, and are subject to strict rules of discipline, 
 which render them respectful and attentive. Their 
 valuable services may be secured at the low charge of 
 one penny. 
 
 The regular London season begins in May and extends 
 to the end of July, though fashion has somewhat exceeded 
 the period, viz., from the middle of April to the middle 
 of August. Parliament is sitting ; the Court is “ at 
 home;” the Opera in full swing; the parks are clothed 
 in their most attractive garb ; the West End is crowded ; 
 balls are in fashion ; dinner-parties everywhere ; tradesmen 
 are jubilant, and all London is in good humour. It is 
 then that the Derby and other great sporting events of 
 the year invariably come oft. With the end of the 
 parliamentary session the season proper terminates, and 
 the “West End,” lapses into comparative dulness. But 
 at all times London is interesting — even when under a 
 cloud, or seen through a fog, for whatever she does she 
 does grandty. One of the rarest shows of the season is, 
 
2 2 General Description. 
 
 on a Drawing-room or Levee day, to watch the various 
 equipages of those who have, the entree as they pass down 
 St. James’s Street to the Palace. On these occasions the 
 Queen sometimes, but generally the Prince of Wales, 
 with his beautiful consort, may be seen to advantage as 
 they pass through the Park on the way to and from the 
 State Apartments. 
 
 The most noted thoroughfares, which every well-read 
 traveller will instinctively seek, are — Pall Mall, in which 
 is located Marlborough House, the residence of Ii.R.H. 
 the Prince of Wales, with several clubs and Public 
 buildings of note and fame. 
 
 St. James’s Street, also the locale of many fashionable 
 clubs and West End tradesmen, will certainly receive 
 attention, leading as it does to St. James’s Palace, the 
 home of several members of the Royal Family. 
 
 Regent Street, one of the handsomest streets in the 
 world, with its fine shops and broad sidewalks — the daily 
 resort of the Upper Ten. This is one of the few streets 
 in London which possesses a uniform architecture. 
 
 Piccadilly, famed as the past or present residence of 
 many of London’s celebrities, among others, of “ The 
 Iron Duke,’' Lord Palmerston, Baron Rothschild, Sir 
 Walter Scott, and the Baroness Burdett-Coutts, leading 
 to Hyde Park, and skirting the Green Park, with St. 
 George’s Hospital at one end, and the famous Burlington 
 House, whore the Exhibition of the Royal Academy is 
 held near the other. 
 
 Oxford Street, running nearly parallel with it, one of 
 the longest continuous streets in London, leading at tho 
 
General Description . 23 
 
 one end to Not ting Hill and Shepherd’s Bush, and at the 
 other to Holborn and the City, with its prison (Newgate) 
 now unused, the Old Bailey, Christ’s Hospital (Bluecoat 
 School), and its new General Post-Office, facing the older 
 structure in St. Martin’ s-le-Grand, whence thousands 
 hourly pour into Cheapside. 
 
 Entering the latter throughfare, the lofty swelling 
 dome of St. Paul’s rises on the right ; whilst before you 
 is the famous Bow Church with its historical bells. At 
 the end of Cheapside stands the Royal Exchange, with 
 the “ Old Lady of Threadneedle Street,” the monetary 
 centre of Europe, if not of the world — the Bank of Eng- 
 land — to your left ; the Mansion House, the official 
 residence of the Lord Mayor, as its vis-a-vis , on your 
 right. Here you find yourself in a maze of streets, ail 
 noted in their day, and as old as Time and so crowded at 
 mid-day that progress is almost impossible — so deserted 
 at night that your own footfall seems like companionship. 
 
 Returning from the City’s turmoil and bustle, Fleet 
 Street and the Strand invite your attention, and test 
 your historic recollections with their quaint old churches, 
 their numerous shops, publishing houses, newspaper offices, 
 and many grand buildings, notably the Royal Courts of 
 Justice. 
 
 Turning from Charing Cross into Whitehall, the tra- 
 veller may push his inquiries riverward, or proceed past 
 the Admiralty, the Horse Guards, with its statuesquo 
 troopers, the Treasury, and the official residences of the 
 Ministry in Downing Street, one of the handsomest blocks in 
 London; whilst right in front stand the Parliament 
 
24 General Description . 
 
 Houses, and that Mecca of all Anglicans, Westminster 
 Abbey. Further on glides the River, with its murky 
 dirty hue, the silent highway and main artery between 
 the extreme eastern and western limits. 
 
 Crossing Westminster Bridge, the wayfarer becomes 
 lost in the wilderness of houses, streets, and railway 
 bridges, the beauty of which hardly compensates for the 
 toil of seeking for them. A much more congenial atmo- 
 sphere invites him to the Parks, to which he may shape 
 his course through Great George Street to St. James’s 
 where, after traversing Birdcage Walk, he may repose 
 himself “ under the umbrageous shade of the wude- 
 spreading trees,” and watch the feats of the young 
 ducklings, or turn to witness the evolutions of the 
 Guards. Thence, tending ^westward, he may thread the 
 Green Park, w T ith its noble palace and splendid mansions, 
 until he reaches the paradise of loungers — Hyde Park. 
 Here, if he times his arrival aright, he will see in Rotten 
 Row numberless riders of both sexes, mounted on the 
 finest horses in the world, or witness in the Drive the 
 moving panorama of hundreds of carriages, the like of 
 which is nowhere else to be found. Within these sacred 
 precincts no cab or public conveyance is allowed to in- 
 trude. A lounge through the Row and Ladies’ Mile will 
 afford the stranger much amusement, beside ample food for 
 reflection. 
 
 Still tending westward, the inquirer will find himself in 
 presence of Kensington Palace and its beautiful gardens ; 
 and even in the midst of the very great city, he will 
 enjoy all the beauties and benefits of the country. In 
 
General Description. 25 
 
 Kensington some of the finest timber in England is to he 
 seen. Various other parks of less or greater magnitude 
 invite the lounger, notably Regent’s, with the gardens of 
 the Royal Botanic Society ; admission to the Royal Botanic 
 Gardens is by Fellow’s order only, and those of the 
 Zoological Society with their magnificent collection of 
 animals (admission to which on week days is by payment, 
 on Sunday to Fellows and their friends only*) ; Battersea ; 
 Southwark, and Victoria ; hut so distant and so numerous 
 are they that a special visit will be necessary to examine 
 their characteristics ; and as each of them differs from 
 the other in some marked peculiarity, the thorough-going 
 traveller will find in each something to repay him for 
 his trouble. 
 
 * The Manager (Mr. Gosden), being a Fellow of both 
 the Botanic and Zoological Societies, will be pleased to 
 assist visitors of the Hotel in this privilege. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 TWO EXCURSIONS. 
 
 A stranger visiting the metropolis for the first time very 
 naturally wishes to gain some idea of the position of the 
 principal objects to he seen, and the means whereby he 
 can best reach them. To attain this object a map is 
 commonly resorted to, perhaps only to bewilder unless, the 
 assistance of the Hotel Hall Porter, who will give every 
 information in his power, is invoked. A general idea may 
 be gleaned if we accompany the traveller in a couple of 
 excursions by omnibus through the principal streets of 
 the metropolis, pointing out on the way the position of 
 the chief public buildings and places of interest, leaving 
 it to him to afterwards make his selection for more ex- 
 tended visits. 
 
 FIRST EXCURSION. 
 
 Setting out from the Langham, say at ten o’clock, a 
 five minutes’ walk in a southerly direction will bring us 
 to Regent Circus, where any omnibus running towards 
 the left hand can be taken, as they all run to our present 
 destination, the Bank of England. Having secured an 
 outside seat, by the side of the driver if possible, the 
 route lies through the eastern half of Oxford Street to 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 27 
 
 Holborn. Once fairly started, Great Marlborough Street, 
 with its Police Court, runs parallel with us on the right, 
 while on the left we pass the Princess’s Theatre. On the 
 right is the once well-known Pantheon, now a wine store, 
 succeeded shortly by W ardour Street, noted for its modern- 
 antique furniture shops, while on the left is Berner’s Street, 
 leading to Middlesex Hospital. Further on the right we 
 come to the Soho Bazaar, followed by a short street leading 
 to Soho Square, at one time in the height of fashion. 
 
 [Formerly called King Square, it dates from the reign 
 of Charles II., whose statue stands in the centre, and 
 whose son, the Duke of Monmouth, lived on the south 
 side. This square was also the residence of several dis- 
 tinguished persons, such as Dr. Burnet, Sir Joseph Banks, 
 Sir Clowdesley Shovel, Field-Marshal Conway, Georgo 
 Coleman the elder, Alderman Beckford (father of the 
 author of “Vathek”), and many others. At the present 
 time it is given up to a hospital for women, warehouses 
 for pickles, music, and other trades.] 
 
 On our left is Rathbone Place, occupied at different 
 times by the rebel lords, Lovat, Kilmarnock, and 
 Balmerino ; while a little further on is the Oxford Music 
 Hall, followed by Tottenham Court Road, leading to 
 Hampstead and Highgate, the London and Korth Western, 
 the Midland and the Great Northern Railways, and St. 
 Pancras Church. 
 
 [There are few more interesting or important thorough- 
 fares in the west or west central districts than Tottenham 
 Court Road, connecting Oxford Street with the great 
 north-western suburbs of Hampstead, Highgate, Camden 
 
28 
 
 Two Excursions . 
 
 and Kentish Towns, and flanked on its eastern side by 
 the range of squares extending from the British Museum 
 to the Euston Railway Terminus. It possesses some notable 
 establishments of private commercial success, such as 
 Messrs. J. Shoolbred and Co., and others. On its western 
 side, about midway, may be seen the recently restored 
 Whitfield’s Tabernacle. In streets leading out of this 
 thoroughfare will be found the British Museum, University 
 College and Hospital, Middlesex Hospital, Dr. Williams’s 
 Library, and many other places of interest.] 
 
 The new road to our right cuts through the heart of St. 
 Giles’s and leads to Trafalgar Square, while another street 
 on the same side gives us a view of the church of St. Giles- 
 in-the-Fields, erected in 1734 on the site of one consecrated 
 by Archbishop Laud in 1623. 
 
 [Formerly there stood on this spot St. Giles’s Hospital, 
 where prisoners on their way from the City to Tyburn 
 were presented with a bowl of ale as their last refresh- 
 ment in life. Amongst the celebrated persons buried here 
 were George Chapman, translator of Homer, Lord Herbert 
 of Cherbury, James Shirley, dramatic poet, Richard 
 Penderell, who assisted Charles II. in his flight, Andrew 
 Marvell, Sir Roger L’Estrange, and the infamous Countess 
 of Shrewsbury, who held the horse of the Duke of Buck- 
 ingham while he killed her husband in a duel.] 
 
 Our route is through New Oxford Street, on the left of 
 which is a street leading to Bedford Square, and on the 
 same side farther on is the well-known Mudie’s Library, at 
 the corner of a street which affords a glimpse of a portion 
 of the front of the British Museum. Here the church of 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 29 
 
 St. George’s, Bloomsbury, will attract attention, its steeple 
 surmounted by a statue of George I., characterised by 
 Horace Walpole as “ a master-stroke of absurdity,” and 
 forming a conspicuous object in the background of Hogarth’s 
 “ Gin Lane.” 
 
 Holborn is now before us, on the left of which is 
 Bloomsbury and Bussell Squares, and further on Red Lion 
 Street, leading to the Foundling Hospital, while on our 
 right is Lincoln’s Inn Fields, which may be entered through 
 a narrow passage named Great Turnstile, where two 
 centuries since was a stile to prevent the straying of cattle 
 from the fields. 
 
 [Lincoln’s Inn Fields was formerly used as a place of 
 execution, and here, in 1683, was beheaded the patriotic 
 William, Lord Russell. The square was enclosed with 
 iron railings after 1735, but the houses on the west side 
 are of an earlier date, being built by Inigo Jones. The 
 archway under one of the houses, at the entrance to 
 Sardinia Street, is worthy of notice. On the north side of 
 the square is the museum of Sir John Soane, the architect 
 of the Bank of England ; on the east the hall and gardens 
 of Lincoln’s Inn, and on the South the museum of the 
 Royal College of Surgeons, at the back of which is King’s 
 College Hospital. The south-west corner is a spot much 
 visited by our transatlantic friends as the Old Curiosity 
 Shop of Charles Dickens. On the front of the little 
 building, now occupied by a paper dealer, such is 
 recorded to be the fact, but better authority states that 
 the curiosity shop the illustrious author had in his mind 
 was one he frequently visited in Fetter Lane.] 
 
30 
 
 Two Excursions . 
 
 Following Great Turnstile, on the same side, is 
 Chancery Lane, well known to suitors before the erection 
 of the new Law Courts, and on the left hand, farther on, 
 is an entrance to Gray’s Inn, succeeded by Gray’s Inn 
 Eoad, leading to Islington with its Cattle Market and 
 Agricultural Hall. On the right, and facing Gray’s Inn 
 Eoad, attention will be at once attracted to a few curious 
 old shops with gabled fronts, almost the only existing 
 specimens of old London street architecture. They were 
 erected in the time of James I. (1603-25), and form the 
 front of Staple Inn, at one time an inn of Chancery, 
 where Hr. Johnson was living in 1760, and where he 
 wrote his “ Idler.” 
 
 A little farther on is another disused but curious inn 
 of Chancery — Barnard’s Inn, opposite to which is 
 Furnival’s Inn, and presently an equestrian statue of 
 the Prince Consort is before us, marking the commence- 
 ment of Holborn Viaduct. On our left is Hatton Garden 
 — named after the lord chancellor of Queen Elizabeth’s 
 reign — followed by Ely Place and Charterhouse Street, 
 leading to the new Metropolitan Meat Markets, to 
 Clerkenwell, and to the old Carthusian monastery known as- 
 the Charterhouse. 
 
 Our course is next over the viaduct bridging the valley 
 of the old Fleet river. This viaduct was only opened in 
 1869, previous to which there was here a steep and 
 dangerous descent to Farringdon Street, followed by 
 Snow Hill on the other side. On our right is St. 
 Andrew’s Church, now much below the level, followed by 
 the City Temple, well known in connection with Hr. 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 3i 
 
 Parker, and farther on is the City terminus of the 
 London, Chatham, and Dover Kailway. The church on 
 the left is St. Sepulchre’s ; then follows Giltspur Street, 
 leading to Smithfield, Pie Corner, where the great fire of 
 1666 ended its course, the Meat Market, St. Bartholomew’s 
 Church and Hospital, against which is a slab to commemo- 
 rate the martyrdom of many who here suffered at the stake. 
 
 We are now about to enter Newgate Street, the wide 
 turning on our right being the Old Bailey, and the 
 sombre stone building at the corner the prison of Newgate, 
 built in 1780. The street takes its name from the gate 
 formerly here in the City wall. On our left we get a 
 glimpse through some iron railings of Christ’s Hospital 
 (the Bluecoat School), founded by Edward YI. in 
 1553, and intended for poor fatherless children and 
 foundlings. The dress worn by the boys, who may often 
 be seen playing in the courtyard, is that of a “ clerk ” 
 or scholar of the same date as the foundation of the 
 hospital — a blue coat or gown, a yellow petticoat, yellow 
 stockings, a red leather girdle, clergyman’s bands for 
 the neck, and it is said a flat black cap of woollen yarn ; 
 the latter, however, is never seen, the boys in all seasons 
 being uncovered. 
 
 At the end of Newgate Street, on our left is St. Martin’s- 
 le-Grand, leading to St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, the large 
 buildings on each side being* the General Post Office, while 
 on our right is Panyer Alley, in which is an ancient stone 
 with the figure of a boy and the following inscription: — 
 
 “ When you have sought the city round, 
 
 Yet still this is the highest ground. 
 
 August the 27th, 1688.” 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 3 2 
 
 Facing us on our route is a statue of Sir Robert 
 Peel, while on our right is an entrance to the world- 
 renowned Paternoster Row, and an opening which 
 affords a view of the north-cast corner of St. Paul’s 
 Cathedral. 
 
 We now enter Cheapside, famous in olden time for its 
 “ goldsmiths, linendrapers, haberdashers, and other great 
 dealers,” a character well supported in the present day. 
 On our right is the far-famed Bow Church, one of Sir 
 Christopher Wren’s masterpieces, and farther on Sir John 
 Bennett’s noted clock shewing the time of day in different 
 parts of the world, presided over by mechanical striking 
 figures. A little beyond, on the left, is King Street, and 
 here we get a glimpse of the Guildhall at the farther end, 
 while before us is the Poultry — a continuation of Cheap- 
 side — at the end of which looms the Mansion House, the 
 official residence of the Lord Mayor. Opposite the Mansion 
 House is the Royal Exchange, and more to the left the Bank 
 of England, at the corner of which we leave the omnibus. 
 
 We are now in the neighbourhood of many objects 
 derserving of attention, but these we must leave for our 
 second excursion, contenting ourselves with taking a 
 stand for a while at the corner of Prince’s Street, on the 
 west side of the Bank. Here we have on our left the 
 Bank of England, at the farther end of which is the 
 Stock Exchange, while facing its front entrance is the 
 Royal Exchange, the street running between them being 
 Threadneedle Street, leading in the direction of Liverpool 
 Street, where are the termini of the Great Eastern and 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 33 
 
 North London Railways. At the hack of the Royal Ex- 
 change is a seated figure of the great philanthropist, 
 George Peabody, and before it we observe an equestrian 
 statue of the hero of Waterloo, the street on the othor 
 side being Cornhill. More directly in front of us, at a 
 little distance, we see the projecting clock of St. Mary 
 Woolnoth, at the corner of Lombard Street ; a street re- 
 markable for its many banking establishments ; while to 
 the right of the church is King William Street, in look- 
 ing down which we get a distant view of the upper 
 portion of the Monument, erected to commemorate the 
 Great Fire of London. 
 
 King William Street leads in the direction of the 
 Tower of London, the Mint, the Custom House, Billings- 
 gate Fish Market, the Coal Exchange, London Bridge, 
 with its railways, and many places of interest in South- 
 wark. 
 
 Before leaving the spot we have taken up, it may bo 
 well to remark, for the information of the American 
 stranger, that at the north end of Prince’s Street is Moor- 
 gate Street, near the first right-hand corner of which is 
 the banking house of Messrs. Brown, Shipley and Co. 
 
 Moving off in a westerly direction, we have the Mansion 
 House before us, with generally a long string of omni- 
 buses in front, prepared to take passengers to any part 
 of the metropolis ; and continuing our way along its 
 northern side, past the private entrance, we observe the 
 unimposing exterior of the church of St. Stephen, Wal- 
 brook, said to be one of Wren’s finest works. 
 
 We now come to Queen Victoria Street; and as we are 
 
 C 
 
Two Excursions. 
 
 34 
 
 to continue our excursion and wish to avoid being taken 
 a second time over a portion of the journey, we wait till 
 we have reached this spot before we hail an omnibus 
 bound for Victoria. Our route is west, and passing a 
 short street on our left, leading to Cannon Street Station, 
 we soon come to the Mansion House Station of the 
 “Underground Railway.” Here we depart a little from 
 the direct route, which would have taken us to Blackfriars 
 Bridge and the Thames Embankment, and pass through 
 a portion of Cannon Street to the south side of St. Paul’s 
 Churchyard, close to Doctors’ Commons. 
 
 Facing the Cathedral is a newly erected replica in 
 marble, designed by Mr. Belt, of a disfigured statue of 
 Queen Anne, sculptured by Francis Bird. Ludgate Hill 
 succeeds, on the right of which is the Old Bailey, mark- 
 ing the west boundary of Roman London ; and a short 
 distance to the left is the Times printing-office, Black- 
 friars, and the Ludgate Hill Railway Station. We are 
 now in the valley of the old Fleet river, which near here 
 entered the Thames, whose waters will be nearly parallel 
 with us till we reach Westminster. 
 
 The route is up Fleet Street, on both sides of which, 
 and until we near Charing Cross, are numerous news- 
 paper and other publishing offices. St. Bride’s Church 
 is noticed through an opening on the left, at the corner 
 of which is the publishing office of our old friend Punch. 
 Farther on we come to the offices of the Pally Chronicle , 
 the Pally Telegraph , the Pally News, the Sportman, and 
 the Sporting Life . Higher up is Fetter Lane, where we 
 get a glimpse of the Public Record Office ; and this is 
 
Two Excursions. 
 
 35 
 
 succeeded by St. Dunstan’s Church, near which the Great 
 Fire ended its ravages in this direction. 
 
 Left of us, but hidden by the houses, is the Temple, 
 two entrances to which are available, one under a shop 
 of rather antiquated appearance, on which it is 
 erroneously stated that it was a palace of Henry VIII. 
 and Cardinal Wolsey. Before us now, in the centre of 
 the road, is the Corporation’s griffin, erected at a cost 
 of £8,000 to mark the site of Temple Bar— a gate erected 
 in 1G70 to divide the liberty of the City from that of 
 Westminster, and removed in 1879. Left of the Griffin, 
 or whatever it may be — there is some doubt abcut it— 
 is the banking establishment of Messrs. Child, which 
 dates from 1559, while on the right is the new Law 
 Courts, erected at a cost of £750,000, from designs by the 
 late Mr. G. E. Street. 
 
 We have now entered the Strand, and facing us is the 
 church of St. Clement Danes, on the south of which we 
 pass the offices of the Illustrated London News and 
 the Graphic , and then the large establishment of the 
 well-known Messrs. Smith and Sons, who supply most of 
 the railway stations in the kingdom with newspapers, 
 books, and periodicals. Farther on, on the same side, we 
 come to the Strand Theatre, nearly opposite which is the 
 Opera Comique, backed by Holywell Street, famous for 
 literature of every kind. It is contemplated in the im- 
 mediate future to greatly improve this part of the Strand, 
 for which purpose the London County Council have 
 applied to Parliament for the necessary powers. The 
 next street on the right leads to the Globe and the Olympic 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 36 
 
 Theatres ; and on our left, when passing the church of 
 St. Mary-le-Strand, is King’s College, followed by Somer- 
 set House, where records are kept of all births, marriages, 
 and deaths in the kingdom, where wills are proved and 
 preserved, and where are located the offices of the Inland 
 Revenue . 
 
 On our right succeeds the Gaiety Theatre, the home of 
 comedietta and burlesque, the adjoining street leading 
 to Drury Lane Theatre, the next turning bringing to 
 view the Lyceum, so well known for the acting of Mr. 
 Henry Irving and Miss Ellen Terry. Higher up the 
 same turning is Bow Street and the Royal Italian Opera 
 House, while on our left is Waterloo Bridge, the station 
 of the South Western Railway being on the other side of 
 the river. Left of us we next pass the precincts of the 
 Savoy, where formerly stood a palace which in 1505 was 
 succeeded by a hospital, the walls of the chapel of which 
 still remain. Exeter Hall follows next on the right, 
 while on the left is a street leading to the Savoy Theatre, 
 shortly succeeded on the right by Southampton Street, 
 which gives us a view of Covent Garden Market. On the 
 samo side is the Vaudeville and Adelphi Theatres, and 
 nearly facing the former is Salisbury Street, at the 
 bottom of which we catch a glimpse of Cleopatra’s 
 Needle, on the Embankment. Left of us succeeds Coutts’s 
 Bank, the street on the right containing Charing Cross 
 Hospital, near which is the theatre of J. L. Toole, the 
 distinguished comedian. 
 
 Passing the Lowther Arcade on the right, attention is 
 at once attracted tp the Charing Cross Railway Station 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 37 
 
 and its elaborate Eleanor’s Cross in front, the turning 
 opposite giving us a view of the south side of the church 
 of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. 
 
 Passing Craven Street on the left, where Dr. Franklin 
 was living in 1771, we arrive at Charing Cross ; to the right 
 is Trafalgar Square, with its lofty monument to Lord 
 Nelson, the hero of Trafalgar, and several smaller statues 
 scattered about, the building on the elevated portion of 
 the north side being the National Gallery. Left of our 
 route is Northumberland Avenue, one of the principal 
 thoroughfares to the Thames Embankment, and leading 
 to the Avenue Theatre, while farther on we come to Old 
 Scotland Y ard, for many years the headquarters of the police. 
 On the other side is the Admiralty, followed by the Horse 
 Guards which affords an entrance to the Parade in St. James’s 
 Park. On our left is the site of Whitehall, the palace 
 of the kings of England from Henry VIII. to William 
 III., the only remains of which is the banqueting hall 
 we see, now used as a Chapol Eoyal, and from which 
 Charles the First was led out for execution. Over the 
 houses before us we got a view of the upper portion 
 of the towers of the Houses of Parliament, the buildings on 
 our right being Government offices — Treasury, Home, 
 Colonial, Foreign, India, and others — the opening dividing 
 them being the well-known Downing Street. Facing these 
 we pass the mansion of the Duke of Bucclei ch, and are soon 
 carried through what remains of Parliament Street, at the 
 end of which, on the left, are the Houses of Parliament, 
 Westminster Hall, and Westminster Bridge, while facing 
 us is Westminster Abbey, a portion of it hidden by St. 
 Margaret’s Church, 
 
Two Excursions. 
 
 38 
 
 Now we turn to the right, and passing near the north and 
 west doors of the Abbey, have on our right Westminster 
 Hospital, and a little farther on the Royal Aquarium. 
 Here, at the memorial erected to the memory of the heroes 
 of the Crimea, we quit the omnibus, our fare being two- 
 pence, leaving it to continue its way through Victoria Street, 
 past the Army and Navy Stores and the offices of the 
 American Legation (No. 123 ), to Victoria Station, the 
 western termini of the London, Chatham, and Dover and 
 the London and Brighton Railways. 
 
 Behind the memorial where we alight is a gateway 
 leading to Dean’s Yard, in which are the Westminster 
 School and an entrance to the Abbey cloisters, while before 
 us, looking east, a good view of its western end is obtained. 
 
 If the start from the hotel were made at ten o’clock, 
 and not more than half an hour consumed in an inspec- 
 tion of the exterior of the buildings in the City, it will 
 now be but little past mid-day — ample time for an exami- 
 nation of the interior of the Abbey before the afternoon 
 service, when the chapels are closed. Should the excur- 
 sion be undertaken on a Monday or Tuesday, the whole of 
 the building is free ; on other days free admission only 
 extends to Poets’ Corner and the monuments in the nave 
 and aisles, a charge of sixpence being made for admission 
 to the chapels, when visitors are taken round in groups 
 by vergers, instead of having the unrestricted liberty 
 and use of explanatory diagrams accorded on free days. 
 
 Leaving the Abbey, and having taken a look at the 
 exterior of the Houses of Parliament, it will be well to 
 turn in the direction of Westminster Bridge, [and] get a 
 
Two Excursions. 
 
 39 
 
 view of the river and its embankments from this com- 
 manding spot. Left of us we observe several bridges 
 backed by the dome of St. Paul’s, while nearer we have 
 the Victoria Embankment, with its trees extending to 
 Blackfriars Bridge. On our right, looking up the river, 
 we have the magnificent fagade of the Houses of Parlia- 
 ment, and on the opposite side St. Thomas’s Hospital, 
 while in the distance is Lambeth Suspension Bridge, at 
 the foot of which is Lambeth Palace with its Lollards’ 
 Tower. Over the bridge would lead us out of our way to 
 Lambeth and past Sanger’s (Astley’s) Theatre to Camber- 
 well, Greenwich, Brixton, and Clapham, which may all 
 be reached by tramcars from the foot of the bridge. 
 
 Retracing our steps to Parliament Street, the stranger 
 may perhaps have had enough of sight-seeing for one 
 day, and will be disposed to return to his hotel. He can 
 readily do this by taking an “ Atlas” omnibus from the 
 corner to Oxford Circus. This will take him to Charing 
 Cross, when, turning to the left, he will pass through 
 Cockspur Street, having on his right the Haymarket, 
 with its theatre a little distance up, and Her Majesty’s 
 Theatre at the left-hand corner. Here he will enter 
 Pall Mall, soon to diverge to the right into Regent 
 Street, and ultimately reach Oxford Circus. 
 
 If the stranger prefer making the- journey with us on 
 foot, at any rate for a portion of the way, we will pass 
 up Parliament Street and Whitehall till we come to the 
 Horse Guards, easily recognized by the sentries on 
 horseback who mount guard at the gateway from ten to 
 four daily. Entering the gates we pass into the Parade 
 
40 
 
 Two Excursions . 
 
 ground of St. James’s Park, where military evolutions 
 are occasionally held, and where annually takes place the 
 ceremony of “ trooping the colours ” on the Queen’s 
 birthday. Right and left at some distance are trophies 
 taken in war, whilst above the trees on the right is seen 
 the statue of the Duke of York. 
 
 Facing us in one of the gates of the enclosure, which we 
 enter, and continuing along the north side of the orna- 
 mental waters we reach a bridge, from which we get a 
 view of Buckingham Palace at the farther end of the 
 park. Without crossing the bridge, we take a path at a 
 right angle with that which brought us to the spot, and 
 at a short distance, leaving the enclosure and crossing . 
 the Mall, with its rows of trees, find before us on our left 
 St. James’s Palace, and on our right Marlborough House, 
 the residence of the Prince of Wales. 
 
 Passing between these, we bear to the left, and get a 
 view of the front of the old palace, the gateway dating 
 from the time of Henry VIII., while facing it is St. 
 James’s Street with its club-houses, notably Arthur’s 
 Boodle’s, Brooke’s, White’s, the Cocoa Tree, the Conser- 
 vative, and the Thatched House. 
 
 We could from the palace make our way up Sc. James’s 
 Street into Piccadilly, and so to the Langham by Bond 
 Street, but instead of so doing we pass the entrance gates 
 of Marlborough House and enter the western end of Pall 
 Mall. Here we come at once upon several clubs : on 
 our right the Unionist, Guards, and Oxford and Cam- 
 bridge University, followed by the War Office, with the 
 statue of Sidney Herbert in the courtyard ; opposite 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 4i 
 
 the War Office is the Army and Navy Club, otherwise 
 known as “the Rag,” and farther on the Junior Carlton ; 
 while on the right are the Carlton, Reform, Travellers’, 
 and at the end, with its entrance in Waterloo Place, the 
 Athenaeum. 
 
 Facing the entrance to the Athenaeum is the United 
 Service Club, and beyond it the road leads to Her 
 Majesty’s Theatre, the National Gallery, and Charing 
 Cross. Here we are close to the column erected to the 
 Duke of York, right and left of which is Carlton House 
 Terrace and several small statues — one to the memory of 
 Sir John Franklin, the Arctic explorer. 
 
 At the Guards’ Memorial in the centre of the roadway, 
 we take omnibus for Oxford Circus, and on the way up 
 Regent Street cross Piccadilly Circus, having on our 
 right the Criterion Theatre, the home of light comedy, 
 leased by that successful and favourite actor, Charles 
 Wyndham, and the Pavilion Music Hall, and farther on 
 the Prince of Wales’s and the Comedy Theatres, while 
 still farther is Leicester Square, in which are situated the 
 Alhambra and the Empire Theatre. Nearly the whole 
 length of Piccadilly is on our left, St. James’s Hall and 
 the Royal Academy being on the right hand, and on the 
 left hand the Geological Museum (entrance in Jermyn 
 Street), the Princes’ Hall, and the Egyptian Hall. Here 
 is one of the most noticeable of recent improvements, a 
 large open space has been secured (by the removal of a 
 number of houses), as well as a wider thorougfare leading 
 from Regent Street towards the New Shaftesbury Avenue 
 affording opportunities for the erection of some very 
 
42 
 
 Two Excursions . 
 
 imposing buildings, notably, The London Pavilion, Cafe 
 Monico, &c., &c. 
 
 On our way a turn is made at the County Fire Office 
 into Regent’s Quadrant — a covered way for pedestrians 
 from its formation by John Nash in 1813 till 1848, when 
 270 of the cast-iron columns supporting it were removed. 
 Quitting the Quadrant we have one of the widest and 
 handsomest streets for shops in the world before us ; on 
 our left Vigo Street, leading to Old Bond Street, Bur- 
 lington Arcade, the London University, and Sackville 
 Street, the latter remarkable as the longest street in 
 London without a turning from it. Farther on are 
 Conduit Street, leading to New Bond Street, and other 
 streets opening into Hanover Square ; while on tho right 
 is Golden Square, between which and Great Marlborough 
 Street are the homes of many of the working classes who 
 may be employed in this locality. 
 
 Leaving our omnibus at Oxford Circus, tho spire of 
 All Souls’ Church is a landmark for the Langham, 
 where we arrive after having obtained some idea of the 
 position of many of London’s principal buildings, and 
 having seen as much of several of them as the stranger 
 will desire or could obtain even with more time at his 
 disposal. 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 43 
 
 SECOND EXCURSION. 
 
 Quitting the Langham we proceed once more to Regent 
 Circus, this time selecting a “Royal Blue” omnibus, 
 hound from here to Victoria Station by way of Bond 
 Street. Our course is west, in the direction of Bays- 
 water, Notting Hill, Tyburnia, the north side of Hyde 
 Park, the Marble Arch, and Park Lane. 
 
 On our left we soon come to Tenterton Street, in which 
 is situated the Royal Acadamy of Music ; and then follows 
 New Bond Street, into which we turn, noting many 
 handsome shops on the way. Here are to be found 
 several picture galleries, among them the Dore Gallery 
 (No. 35), Hanover Gallery (No. 47), Grosvenor Gallery 
 (No. 135), with others which open only for special exhi- 
 bitions. At one time this street was inhabited by many 
 of the gentry, Lord Nelson in 1797 living at No. 141. 
 Left of us the streets lead in the direction of Regent 
 Street, while on the right we have Brook Street and 
 Grosvenor Street leading to Grosvenor Square, and 
 farther on Bruton Street leading to Berkeley Square. 
 
 New Bond Street is continued by Old Bond Street, at 
 the commencement of which, on the right hand, is Graf- 
 ton Street, leading to Albemarle Street, where is to be 
 found the Royal Institution, so famous for the experi- 
 ments and discoveries of the great philosopher, Michael 
 Faraday. 
 
 Old Bond Street was at one time inhabited by many of 
 
44 
 
 Two Excursions . 
 
 the nobility and gentry, and at No. 41 resided in 1768 
 the author of “ Tristram Shandy,” while in the following 
 year James Boswell, the biographer of Johnson, had a 
 residence here. A picture gallery or two are open here 
 during the season, and at all seasons the Burlington 
 Arcade, running parallel with us on the left, forms an 
 agreeable lounge. 
 
 At the end of Old Bond Street we turn to the right 
 into Piccadilly, having Burlington House and the Royal 
 Academy but a few steps to the left, while nearly facing 
 us is the Egyptian Hall, where Artemus Ward so 
 frequently entertained a London audience. 
 
 Our way is now past St. James’s Street and the Green 
 Park on our left, while right of us we have a still famous 
 coaching house, the White Horse Cellar, whence coaches 
 run daily during the summer season to Dorking, Hamp- 
 ton, St. Albans, and elsewhere. Soon we come to Devon- 
 shire House, with its enclosed courtyard, the residence 
 of the Duke of Devonshire, which is followed at the next 
 corner by the mansion of the Baroness Burdett-Coutts. 
 
 A little further on are several streets leading to May- 
 fair, some of them noted as containing the residences at 
 one time or another of English worthies. No. 94 in 
 Piccadilly is the Naval and Military Club, No. 100, the 
 Badminton, No. 106, the St. James’s, and No. 116, the 
 corner of Down Street, the Junior Athenaeum. The 
 next turning is Park Lane, at the left-hand corner of 
 which is the residence of the Duke of Cambridge, while 
 farther on is that of Baron Rothschild and others, the 
 large building adjoining the principal entrance to Hyde 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 45 
 
 Park being Apsley House, the residence of the Duke of 
 Wellington. 
 
 On the left we have now arrived at the end of the Green 
 Park, where stands the triumphal arch, set back from 
 its former site and upon which is placed the new statue 
 of the Iron Duke (the original having been at the altera- 
 tion taken to Aldershot), this marking the entrance to 
 Constitution Hill — a carriage-way to Buckingham Palace. 
 The spot hereabouts is known as Hyde Park Corner, 
 before us being Knightsbridge leading to Kensington, 
 with its Olympia, Museums, Albert Hall and Memorial, 
 and the sites of our several Exhibitions. 
 
 At St. George’s Hospital, opposite to the entrance to 
 Hyde Park, we turn to the left into Grosvenor Place, and 
 skirting the grounds of Buckingham Palace, have on our 
 right the mansions of many of the nobility, the streets on 
 the same side leading to Belgrave and other squares. At 
 the bottom of Grosvenor Place the turning to the right 
 leads through Eaton Square to Chelsea, passing on the 
 way the Court Theatre and the Royal Military Hospital. 
 
 Our route is through Grosvenor Gardens, with its 
 lofty mansions, and soon we reach Victoria Station, from 
 which we make our way to Vauxhall Bridge Road, there 
 to take a tramcar to Vauxhall Bridge. 
 
 The journey through Pimlico is uninteresting, but it 
 will not be many minutes before we alight and proceed 
 to the steamboat pier, a short distance to the left of the 
 bridge. Taking tickets for London Bridge, we have 
 before us the “silent highway” for about three miles. 
 Near us on the left is a large plot of ground covered by 
 
Two Excursions. 
 
 46 
 
 Millbank Penitentiary, while on the opposite side of the 
 river is the site of Vauxhall Gardens, originally New 
 Spring Gardens, a place of public resort and amusement 
 from the time of Charles II. till 1859. Here commences 
 on the Surrey side the embankment of the Thames, 
 begun in 1865 and completed in 1872, the lofty buildings 
 we pass being the works of several Lambeth potters, 
 notably the world-renowned firm of Messrs. Doulton. 
 
 Passing under the bridge we now come to Lambeth 
 Pier on the right, close to the parish church and Lambeth 
 Palace, the residence of the Archbishops of Canterbury. 
 We here get a good view of the magnificent gateway 
 erected in 1490, and presently see the whole length of 
 the fine old hall, now used as the library. Farther on is 
 the Lollards’ Tower, so named from the unfortunate 
 followers of Wickliffe. 
 
 Until we reach London Bridge the landing-piers for the 
 remainder of our trip are all on the Middlesex side of 
 the river ; so leaving St. Thomas’s Hospital on our right 
 we cross over in the direction of the Houses of Parlia- 
 ment, of whose architectural details we are now enabled 
 to make a closer inspection. Before us is new West- 
 minster Bridge — the widest over the Thames, its breadth 
 being 85 feet, and its length 990 feet. It was opened in 
 1863, its cost (£4 per square foot) being much lower than 
 for any similar structure. 
 
 Here, at Westminster Pier, begins the Victoria 
 Embankment, completed in 1870, and which is continued 
 to Blackfriars Bridge, the Underground Eailway running 
 under a portion of it, and having stations at Charing 
 Cross and the Temple. 
 
Two Excursions. 
 
 47 
 
 Passing Whitehall, the next bridge we come to con- 
 nects Charing Cross with Cannon Street and the London 
 Bridge Railways. This bridge has taken the place of 
 what was Hungerford Suspension Bridge, which led into 
 Hungerford Market, whose site is covered by the railway 
 station. After leaving the next pier, on our way to 
 Waterloo, we pass quite close to Cleopatra’s Needle, 
 behind which is the neighbourhood known as the 
 Adelphi, and the gardens laid out by the Board of 
 Works. On our right we notice two lofty towers erected 
 for the manufacture of shot, the melted metal being- 
 poured through a number of small orifices, when it takes 
 a globular form and cools while falling through the space 
 below. 
 
 Before us now is Waterloo Bridge, dignified by the 
 sculptor Canova as “the noblest bridge in the world,” 
 and by Baron Dupin as ‘‘a monument worthy of Sesostris 
 and the Caesars.” It was built by John Rennie, at a 
 cost, without the approaches, of £400,000, or altogether 
 over one million pounds — “ a larger sum than the cost of 
 building St. Paul’s, the Monument, and seven of our finest 
 metropolitan churches.” The bridge is built of the 
 hardest granite, perfectly level, 1,380 feet long and 41| 
 wide, and was opened in 1817, on the second anniversary 
 of the Battle of Waterloo. 
 
 Past Waterloo Bridge we have Somerset House on the 
 left, which brings us near the Temple Pier. We then 
 get a view of the buildings composing the Temple, its 
 library, and. its gardens. Following these is the neigh- 
 bourhood known as Whitefriars, a former sanctuary, 
 
48 Two Excursions . 
 
 and familiar as Alsatia to readers of “The Fortunes of 
 Nigel .’ 9 
 
 The next bridge is Blackfriars, opened in 1869. It 
 was constructed from a design by Joseph Cubitt, at the 
 estimated cost of £265,000, the length being 980 feet 
 and the breadth 76 feet. Not far from the bridge on our 
 left is the Times printing office, on the ground that at one 
 time formed a portion of the monastery of the Black 
 Friars, where the trial of Katherine of Aragon took 
 place, so grandly pictured by Shakspeare in the second 
 act of Henry VIII. There also assembled the parliament 
 which condemned Wolsey. 
 
 Past Blackfriars, its pier, and the latticed railway 
 bridge, we have on the left the site of the famous Bay- 
 nard’s Castle, where Shakspeare has laid some of his scenes 
 in Henry VI. and Richard III. The castle was destroyed 
 in the Fire of London, hut its name is still preserved. 
 Farther on is Queenhithe, dating from the days of the 
 Saxon kings, while on the opposite side of the river is 
 Bankside, with its many interesting associations. Here 
 was the Globe Theatre, where the immortal poet trod 
 the stage ; and here lived Beaumont and Fletcher, Philip 
 Massinger, Philip Henslowe, and Edward Alleyn, the 
 famous stage manager and founder of Dulwich College. 
 Here also were the Rose Theatre, Paris Garden, and the 
 Bear Garden, where the cruel but fashionable sport of 
 bear-baiting was often witnessed in past ages. 
 
 Next we come to Southwark Bridge, designed by John 
 Rennio, and opened in 1819, its centre arch 210 feot span, 
 
Two Excursions. 
 
 49 
 
 and its breadth 42| feet. Then follows the railway bridge 
 connecting Cannon Street with Charing Cross and the 
 London Bridge Railways ; while on our left are the sites 
 of many places of interest, such as Dowgate, the Wal- 
 brook. Allhallows the Great, the Steelyard and Cold 
 Harbour — the Cole Harbour of Ben Jonson. Now we 
 are at Old Swan Stairs, so called as far back as the reign 
 of Henry VI. — the steamboat landing-place for the city 
 side of London Bridge. Here we might land and con- 
 tinue our excursion, but a better plan will be to cross to 
 the Southwark side before leaving the boat. 
 
 Passing close to London Bridge we are enabled to see 
 something of its massive construction, said to be “in the 
 perfection of proportion and the true greatness of 
 simplicity.’ ’ Erected about 100 feet west of the famous 
 old bridge, and from designs by John Rennie, it was 
 opened in 1831, its costs, including approaches, being 
 little short of £1,500,000. On leaving the boat and 
 mounting the steps to the level of the roadway, we have 
 before us the Borough, in which stood the Tabard Inn, 
 where Chaucer and the jovial troop of pilgrims assembled 
 in 1383, and from whose picturesque courtyard they sallied 
 forth to perform their devotions at the shrine of St. 
 Thomas a Becket at Canterbury. 
 
 Farther south were the Marshalsea Prison and the 
 King’s Bench ; and on our right are the Hop Exchange 
 and the church of St. Mary Overy, better known as St. 
 Saviour’s, while on the left is Guy’s Hospital, hidden 
 from view by the London Bridge Railways, and farther 
 off are Bermondsey and Rotherhithe. 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 5 ° 
 
 Not stopping* now to visit any of these places, ve 
 proceed to cross the bridge, keeping to the right h&nd 
 pavement ; and here we have at once a view of London as 
 a shipping port, innumerable vessels from all par£s of 
 the world nearly filling the whole width of the river, 
 with wharves and immense warehouses on the right, the 
 Custom House and the Tower of London being conspicu- 
 ous objects on the left. 
 
 At the foot of the bridge, on the left, the large build- 
 ing is the Hall of the Fishmongers’ Company, one of 
 several handsome structures belonging to the City Guilds ; 
 and on our right we shortly come to a street which brings 
 us to the Monument — a Doric column 202 feet high, 
 erected to commemorate the Fire of London which broke 
 out in Pudding Lane at a distance 202 feet from here. 
 A charge of threepence is made for permission to mount 
 to the cage above, whence admirable views of the City 
 may be obtained. 
 
 Proceeding to the bottom of the hill on the right of 
 the Monument, we reach Lower Thames Street, and 
 turning to the left soon come to Billingsgate Fish Market, 
 near which, on the left, is the Coal Exchange, while a little 
 farther on, on the opposite side, is the Custom House. 
 
 Farther east, on quitting the narrow street we come 
 to the Tower Subway — an iron tube let down in bolted 
 connections to the bed of the river, and connecting its north 
 side with Bermondsey. The tube which is lighted with 
 gas, will allow of only one person to walk upright by 
 keeping to the centre, besides which in other respects tho 
 journey has nothing to recommend it. 
 
Two Excursions. 
 
 5 1 
 
 We are now at the gates of the Tower of London, 
 which can be seen from Tuesday to Friday by two 
 separate payments of sixpence (Monday and Saturday 
 being free) by ticket issued at the office at gateway ; and 
 here we propose that the stranger should resign himself 
 to the care of one of the warders, whose dress of the 
 time of Henry VIII. is certain to attract his attention. 
 
 Leaving the Tower gates we proceed northward, along- 
 side the moat, and are soon on Tower Hill, -where the 
 scaffold was formerly so frequently erected for the execu- 
 tion of persons delivered out of the Tower to the Sheriffs 
 of London. The names of many illustrious persons who 
 suffered here will at once occur to the Reader of English 
 History. 
 
 We continue our route by the side of the ditch till we 
 are east of the Tower, where on the left hand is the 
 Royal Mint — a large building within iron railings, and 
 having a sentry at its gates. Beyond here is the famed 
 Ratcliffe Highway, now St. George’s Street, right of 
 which is the St. Katherine’s and London Docks, -while 
 farther down the river are the West and East India 
 Docks, the Victoria Docks, the Royal Albert Docks, 
 and a new deep-water dock at Tilbury, constructed at 
 a cost of £3,000,000. Below the London Docks is the 
 Thames Tunnel, now only used as a railway connecting 
 Wapping with Rotherhithe. 
 
 From the Mint there is a choice of ways to return to 
 the heart of the City, one running north through the 
 Minories to Aldgate, which extends eastward to White- 
 chapel and Mile End, and westwards to Leadenhall 
 
Two Excursions . 
 
 5 2 
 
 Street and Fenchurch Street. We, however, retrace our 
 steps to Tower Hill, passing Trinity square and Trinity 
 House on the right. If disinclined for further investiga- 
 tion w r e could here enter a train on the Underground 
 Railway, and with scarcely a ray of daylight find our- 
 selves transported to Regent’s Park or the extreme west 
 of London. 
 
 Electing to continue above ground, we make our way 
 into Great Tower Street, near the end of which we have 
 what remains of Seething Lane, where the diarist, 
 Samuel Pepys, was living when he got up at three in 
 the morning to take a look at the Great Fire from his 
 maid’s window. The church here, Allhallows, Barking, 
 had a narrow escape at that time, the dial and porch, 
 having been burnt ^ and it is related that, as one of the 
 results of a terrible explosion seventeen years earlier, a 
 young child was thrown upon the roof of the church, 
 where it was found in its cradle without the least sign of 
 any injury. 
 
 On the right of Great Tower Street w T e turn into Mark 
 Lane, and passing the Corn Exchange on the right we 
 reach Fenchurch Street, where is situated the station of 
 a railway originally connecting London with BJackwall, 
 but now much farther extended. 
 
 The west end of Fenchurch Street brings us into 
 Gracechurch Street, the right hand leading to Bishops- 
 gate Street, Shoreditch, and Hackney. Facing us is 
 Lombard Street, into which we pass, and noting the 
 names of several well-known hanking establishments, w'e 
 arrive at Birchin Lane on the right, which leads us to 
 
Two Excursions. 
 
 53 
 
 Cornhill, east of the Royal Exchange, facing the statue 
 of Rowland Hill, and close to the seated figure of George 
 Peabody, the Stock Exchange, the Mansion House, and 
 the Bank of England. 
 
 Here we propose to leave the stranger, who may Suit 
 his inclination by a closer inspection of the buildings 
 pointed out on our first excursion, Guildhall not being 
 far distant, or he may return to the Langham by omnibus 
 through Cheapside and Holborn, or by way of Moorgate 
 Street and the Underground Railway to Portland Road, 
 when a walk of three minutes will bring him within sight 
 of the hotel. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 OBJECTS OF THE GREATEST HISTORIC 
 INTEREST. 
 
 If the traveller has but a day or two to spend in London, 
 three objects of historic fame will demand his attention — 
 St. Paul’s Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, and the 
 Tower. At each of these he will find a guide quite as 
 competent as, and a little more stereotyped than, the 
 printed article. Should he, however, care to “ do ” the 
 place more at his leisure, he will in the following pages 
 find all the essential and more interesting facts concern- 
 ing them duly chronicled. 
 
 ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL, 
 
 The pride of all Londoners, and without doubt one of the 
 noblest buildings in the kingdom, stands isolated at the 
 top of Ludgate Hill, on the highest ground in the City. 
 Its dome is one of the landmarks of the metropolis, 
 piercing the air to the height of 365 feet from the 
 churchyard, or 404 above the level of the river. Its 
 extreme length is 500 feet, and its extreme breadth 50 
 feet. It cost £750,000 sterling (one authority doubles 
 
Objects of Historic Interest . 55 
 
 this sum), and took thirty -five years for its construction, 
 the whole work being executed under the supervision of 
 one architect, the great Sir Christopher Wren, and one 
 master-mason, Thomas Strong, while one bishop, Dr, 
 Henry Compton, occupied the see. The cupola or dome 
 is 108 feet in diameter. Entrance is commonly obtained 
 by the north door, but a better plan is for the visitor to 
 proceed to the western front, facing Ludgate Hill. Ad- 
 mission to the body of the church is free, but to tho 
 other portions the following prices are charged : — 
 
 Whispering, stone, and golden galleries, 
 library, clock, great bell, and geometrical 
 staircase ..... . . §d. 
 
 Crypt, to Wellington’s and Nelson’s Tombs 6d. 
 
 Ball Is. 6d. 
 
 The hours when these may be inspected are from 11 
 o’clock till 3.30. Many distinguished personages arc 
 buried within this building, and the monuments erected 
 are little less interesting than those in Westminster 
 Abbey. Those to the Duke of Wellington and Admiral 
 Nelson are particularly noticeable ; also those to Aber- 
 cromby, Cornwallis, and Moore. The paintings in the 
 Dome, by Sir Jame3 Thornhill, representing the principal 
 events in the life of St. Paul, were restored in 1853-6 by 
 Mr. Parris. A very capital school, now removed to new 
 buildings at Kensington, under the management of the 
 Mercers’ Company, is connected with this church, having 
 been founded and endowed in 1512 by Dean Colet. The 
 original endowment was under £65 a year — the value of 
 
56 Objects of Historic Interest , 
 
 estates in Buckinghamshire, which now produce some- 
 thing nearer £2,000 in the same period. The Dean is the 
 Very Bev. Bichard William Church, m.a., who is assisted 
 by four residentiary canons. Hours of service (choral) : 
 Sundays at 10.30 a.m., 3.15 and 7 p.m. ; weekdays, 8 and 
 10 a.m., and 4 p.m., with a short service at 1.15, and a late 
 one in the the crypt chapel at 8 p.m. 
 
 WESTMINSTEB ABBEY 
 
 Is situated near the river, the Houses of Parliament alone 
 intervening, and is open on three sides, the fourth being 
 partly obscured by houses. The oldest portion of the pre- 
 sent structure dates from the time of the “ Third Harry,” 
 the eastern portion, with the choir, to some distance 
 beyond the transept, having been opened for divine 
 service in 1269. Large additions were made by successive 
 monarchs, notably' the chapel of Henry VII. at the east 
 end ; but it was not till after the Bestoration of Charles 
 the Second that the two towers were built. Here the 
 English Kings and Queens have been crowned, from 
 Edward the Confessor to the reigning sovereign ; and here 
 many of them are buried, some with and others without 
 monuments. The building is 416 feet long, 101 feet 
 8 inches high, the transept being 203 feet in length and 
 the towers 225 feet in height. Among its curious and 
 interesting contents are the old coronation chair of wood, 
 in which all the English monarchs have been crowned ; 
 a similar chair made for and used when William and 
 
Objects of Historic Interest . 5 7 
 
 Mary were crowned as joint sovereigns; and the Scone 
 stone from Scotland, on which the Scottish kings were 
 crowned. The Abbey is open to public inspection between 
 the hours of 9 and 3, and also during the summer months 
 from 4 to 6 . For the most part it is free ; but to the 
 chapels, where the royal tombs are located, an entrance 
 fee of sixpence each is demanded, except on Mondays 
 and Tuesdays, when admission is free. On free days the 
 chapels are open from 11 o’clock till 3, and on other days 
 the hours of admission are from 11 till 2.15. In the 
 summer months they are again open after service till 5.15. 
 The most interesting portion of the building is the Poet’s 
 Corner, in the south transept. Here are monuments in 
 memory of England’s greatest poets, of men most noted 
 in history ; chief among them, Shakspeare, Chaucer, 
 Spenser, Ben Jonson, Milton, Cowley, Thomson, Gray, 
 «fec., In the chapels and cloisters, kings, queens, and 
 nobles rest side by side ; whilst heroes and statesmen 
 are as thick as brigadiers in the States or the wearers of 
 the Legion of Honour in a French cafe . Ho admission 
 to view the monuments on Sundays, Good Friday, Christmas 
 Day, or Fast Days is permissible. 
 
 The Sunday services are fully choral, and commence 
 at 8 a.m., 10 a.m., and 3 p.m. ; week-days, 8.30 and 
 10 a.m., and 3 p.m. The Very Eev. G. G. Bradley, d.d., 
 is Dean, assisted by six canons. Omnibuses from Oxford 
 Circus run within a short distance of the Abbey. 
 
 Almost adjoining the Abbey, and next to it in point 
 of interest, stands the magnificent structure known as 
 
58 
 
 Objects of Historic Interest. 
 
 THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, 
 
 Erected on the site of the old Palace of Westminster, the 
 principal seat of the Kings and Queens of England from 
 Edward the Confessor to Queen Elizabeth. Here formerly 
 stood the Painted Chamber, the Star Chamber, and St. 
 Stephen’s Chapel, the latter the place of meeting of the 
 House of Commons from the reign of Henry III. till its 
 destruction by fire in 1834. As there is no probability 
 of the immense structure being immediately removed to 
 meet the views of the critic, we will describe it as it is, 
 for even with its many glaring defects it is really one of 
 the finest buildings in the w T orld. It covers an area of 
 eight acres, has 100 stairways, eleven open quadrangles 
 or courts, 1,100 apartments, and two miles of corridors. 
 The cost of warming, ventilating, and lighting alone 
 amounts to over £14,000 annually, while the cost of the 
 erection has exceeded two millions sterling. The facade 
 is 900 feet in length, Gothic in its style, and is deco- 
 rated w T ith the statues and shield -of -arms of the kings 
 and queens from the Conquest to the present day. 
 
 The Victoria Tower at the south-west angle, a con- 
 spicuous landmark of the metropolis, is 75 feet square 
 and 336 feet high to the top of the pinnacle, or 400 feet 
 to the top of the flagstaff. The Clock Tower (the 
 beffrai of London) is 316 feet high. The clock faces are 
 22 feet in diameter, the minute hand being 16 feet long 
 and weighing two hundredweight, and the great bell (Big 
 
Objects of Historic Interest . 59 
 
 Ben) weighs over eight tons. The chimes are sounded on 
 eight bells, and the clock is one of the best in England, 
 its cost having exceeded £22,000. 
 
 The House, or more properly the Hall, of Peers is 
 91 feet long, 45 feet wide, and 45 feet high, magnificently 
 fitted up and lavishly embellished, but so dark that 
 much of the effect is quite lost, and the acoustic pro- 
 perties are so bad that their lordships have great difficulty 
 in hearing each other speak. The corridor leading to the 
 Peers’ chamber is well worth seeing for its magnificent 
 paintings, including the “ Meeting of Wellington and 
 Blucher at Waterloo,” the “ Death of Nelson,” the 
 “ Landing of William of Orange at Torbay,” and the 
 “ Last Sleep of Argyll,” besides many others. 
 
 The Hall of the Commons is 75 feet long, 41 feet high, 
 and 45 feet wide. Somewhat plainer in its decorations, it 
 is nevertheless a very beautiful room. At the end, over 
 the Speaker’s chair, will be seen the Press Gallery, and 
 at the opposite end the Strangers’ Gallery. On either 
 side are the Members’ Galleries; and above the Press 
 Gallery, the u Bird Cage,” or Ladies’ Gallery, in which 
 the occupants can see and hear without being seen. 
 
 Owing to an outrage by dynamiters in January, 1885, 
 admission To view the Houses is for the present suspended, 
 but as we may reasonably anticipate that the privilege will 
 be restored, the stranger may be informed that on Satur- 
 days free tickets were issued by the Lord Great Chamber- 
 lain, whose office is in die court next to the Victoria 
 Tower. To obtain admission to the debates in the House 
 of Lords, a peer’s order or ambassador’s card is neces- 
 
60 Objects of Historic Interest . 
 
 sary. St. Stephen’s Hall, leading from Westminster 
 Hall to the Great Central Hall, and occupying the site of 
 old St. Stephen’s Chapel, and the Crypt beneath it are 
 well worthy of a visit. Any Member can give an order 
 to the House of Commons while in session, and he can 
 also personally conduct his friends to view T the Houses. 
 
 When Her Majesty visits the Houses of Parliament 
 much interest is required to obtain admission, and the 
 lucky possessor of a ticket must he in his seat by half- 
 past twelve, the carriages of strangers not being permitted 
 to pass the harrier after one. We may mention that “ it 
 is not etiquette to examine the Sovereign through a 
 lorgnette.” 
 
 The principal approaches to the Parliament Houses are 
 through Westminster Hall and Old Palace Yard, both 
 leading into the Central Hall, to the right of which is 
 the House of Lords, and to the left the House of 
 Commons. 
 
 Parliament is usually opened in February and prorogued 
 in August. 
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL, 
 
 Now part and parcel of the main structure, was the 
 principal hall of the old Palace of Westminster, which 
 was rebuilt in 1399 on the site of a former edifice erected 
 during the reign of William Rufus, who held his court 
 here in 1099. The roof is of oak, and is the finest in 
 England. The interior of the Hall is 239 feet long, 68 
 
Objects of Historic Interest . 6 1 
 
 feet wide, and 42 feet high, and is said to be the largest 
 apartment in the world unsupported by pillars. Among 
 the most notable events of which this hall has been the 
 locale may he mentioned the trial and condemnation of 
 Sir William Wallace, Sir Thomas More, the Earl of 
 Strafford, and Charles I. Here also took place the 
 famous trial of Warren Hastings. It was formerly used 
 for coronation dinners — but George IV. was the last 
 Royal gourmand — on w hich occasion the King’s Champion 
 rode in armed cap-a-pie , and challenged the world on the 
 king’s behalf. The great Courts of Law — Chancery, 
 Queen’s Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer — held 
 their sittings in apartments adjoining this hall from 
 1224 until they were removed to the new Royal Courts 
 of Justice in the Strand, when the old buildings were 
 pulled down. 
 
 Omnibuses afford constant communication with these 
 buildings from the Langham, and the cab fare is one 
 Shilling. 
 
 THE TOWER OF LONDON, 
 
 A celebrated fortress, is among the most notable of 
 English historic buildings. Standing on the left bank 
 of the Thames, between the Custom House and St. 
 Katharine’s Docks, it dates as far back as Julius Caesar, 
 though the present structure only claims William the 
 Conqueror as its founder. It is entered through the 
 Lion’s Gate, where tickets are purchased, but on Mondays 
 and Saturdays the admission is free. There is room, 
 
62 Objects of Historic Interest. 
 
 however, for much improvement in the way affairs are 
 conducted at the Tower. The first object of interest is 
 the Traitors’ Gate, opposite to which stands the 
 Bloody Tower ; passing this you see the Bell Tower, 
 or Governor’s Lodgings. The other towers are known 
 as the White Tower, or keep (the oldest and handsomest 
 of them all) , in which the Royal Princes were murdered, 
 the Lion Tower, the Middle Tower, the Salt Tower, 
 the Brick Tower, the Boyer Tower, and the Beauchamp 
 Tower, which are all more or less wrapped up with our 
 country’s history, and all more or less interesting. 
 
 Among the most interesting of its many curiosities are 
 the Jewel House, with its magnificent display of Crown 
 Jewels, and St. Peter’s Chapel, the repository of so 
 many distinguished and unfortunate dead. But as it is 
 not our province to record any but the most salient points, 
 a recourse to “Murray’s” or the official guide, both to 
 be purchased at the gate, is absolutely necessary. The 
 readiest means of reaching the fortress is by rail from 
 Portland Road to Tower Hill, or by cab, for which the 
 fare is 2.9. 6d. Admission from 10 to 4 daily. Armoury 
 and White Tower 6d., and Jewel Room 6d. 
 
 CHARTERHOUSE SQUARE, 
 
 Smithfield. 
 
 Charterhouse (corrupted from Chartreuse) formerly a 
 Carthusian Monastery or priory of the Salutation (whence 
 the name of the Salutation Tavern in Newgate Street,) 
 founded in the Reign of Richard II., (1371.) After various 
 
6 
 
 Objects of Historic Interest. 
 
 vicissitudes, the property was purchased in 1611 by Thos. 
 Sutton for his Hospital, i.e. a school for 40 “ poor boys,” 
 and a home for 80 “ poor men.” The School was trans- 
 ferred in 1872 to Godaiming in Surrey and the part thus 
 vacated was sold to the Merchant Taylors’ Company for 
 their ancient school now containing 500 hoys. The Char- 
 terhouse School is attended by 400 boys beside 60 on the 
 “ foundation. 5 ’ 
 
 ST. JOHN’S GATE, CLEBKENWELL. 
 
 This gateway is one of the most interesting and ancient 
 historical objects to be found in London, it being all that 
 is now left of the once magnificent priory of the Knights 
 of St. John of Jerusalem, which was founded about 1100 
 by Jordon Briset, a baron of the kingdom, and Muriel his 
 wife. Forty years later the monks resolved to take 
 arms and fight againt the enemies of the Faith, and the 
 sons of the noblest European houses joined the fraternity. 
 According to their vows they w^ere to be the servants of 
 the poor and sick, to renounce all personal property, 
 preserve chastity, and remain obedient in all things to 
 the superior of the priory. The knight -monks of St. 
 John were the first members of a religious order who 
 carried arms, and for five centuries they remained famous 
 for piety and bravery. All Europe rang with their 
 heroic exploits. The infidels trembled at their war-cry ; 
 the poor loved them for their gentle kindliness. They 
 grew wealthy and powerful, and with pride and wealth 
 came, as in the case of ancient Borne, the elements of 
 
64 Objects of Historic Interest. 
 
 their destruction. A bitter hatred divided the order of 
 St. John from that of the Knights Templars. When the 
 rebels of Sussex and Kent entered London, headed by 
 Wat Tyler, in the reign of Bichard II., one of their first 
 acts was to burn “ the fair Priory” of the Hospital of 
 St. John, and behead the prior. It was burning seven 
 days, and the terrified king saw the flames from a turret 
 of the Tower of London. The gate and priory were 
 rebuilt in 1504. On the suppression of the religious 
 orders by Henry VIII., the priory was used as a store- 
 house “ for the king’s toy les and tents for hunting.” In 
 the reign of Edward VI. the priory was nearly 'all 
 destroyed. The parochial church of Clerkenwell was 
 formed from the remains of the choir in the reign of 
 Elizabeth. James I. granted the gate to Sir Poger 
 Wilbraham, who resided in it. It w T as then the fashion- 
 able part of the towm. When the wmrld of fashion 
 travelled westward, Cave, the bookseller and publisher, 
 rented it, and here published The Gentleman's Magazine, 
 still existing. I)r. Johnson wmrked here for Cave. It 
 is now the headquarters of the fraternity of St. John of 
 Jerusalem and several learned and literary societies. Many 
 relics connected with the great men of past times, including 
 the leviathan of Bolt Court, are preserved here, and beneath 
 the archway on one side is an ancient painting. 
 
 LAMBETH PALACE, 
 
 On the south side of the river, will well repay a visit. 
 It is an archiepiscopal residence, being the official habi- 
 
Objects of Historic Interest. 65 
 
 tation of the Archbishops of Canterbury from time im- 
 memorial. The chapel in which the archbishops are 
 consecrated is over GOO years old, the Lollards’ Tower 
 about 400 years, and the great hall about 200 years, 
 permission to view the Palace may be obtained on appli- 
 cation to the Archbishop’s Chaplain. 
 
 ROMAN REMAINS, LONDON WALL, &c. 
 
 Various Roman remains have from time to time been 
 discovered, the most notable being the old Roman Bath 
 still used, and admission to which is gained by an arch- 
 way at 162, Strand, on the south side. This bath dates 
 from 418 a.d. Several fine Roman relics are to be found 
 in the Guildhall Museum. In the wall of St. Swithin’s 
 Church, opposite the South Eastern Railway Station in 
 Cannon Street, is to be seen the London Stone, originally 
 set up not far from here by the Romans to mark the 
 centre of the City. At the back of Fore Street, in 
 Cripplegate churchyard, beneath the houses next Alders- 
 gate, and in St. Botolph’s churchyard are to be discovered 
 traces of the old Roman wall which encircled London in 
 olden times. 
 
 D 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 ROYAL RESIDENCES. 
 
 The Town Palaces of the Sovereign are three in number, 
 viz., Buckingham, St, James’s and Kensington. We 
 will first notice 
 
 ST. JAMES’S PALACE, 
 
 Which from the burning of Whitehall to the occupation 
 by Her Majesty of Buckingham Palace, was always the 
 official royal residence, and even to this day is recognized 
 as the local habitation of England’s Queen — “the Court 
 of St. James’s.” It was originally intended for the 
 accommodation of fourteen damsels, “maidens that were 
 leprous,” but it was rebuilt by the “Eighth Harry.” 
 Here Queen Caroline died, and here George IV. was 
 born. It is situated at the bottom of St. James’s Street, 
 the most ancient part being the red brick gateway and 
 the chapel adjoining, permission to visit the Palace is 
 by order from the Lord Chamberlain. 
 
 “Levees” on behalf of Her Majesty by the Prince of 
 Wales are still held here, and on these occasions the old 
 domicile assumes something of royal splendour. In the 
 
Royal Residences . 67 
 
 Friary Court, every day, at a quarter to eleven o’clock, 
 guard-mounting takes place, and the fine bands of the 
 Guards discourse sweet music, which the stranger should 
 on no account miss hearing. 
 
 BUCKINGHAM PALACE. 
 
 This really regal residence, at the west end of Si; 
 James’s Park, was commenced by George IV., partially 
 finished by William IV., and occupied for the first time 
 by Queen Victoria, July 13th, 1837. In 1851 the present 
 front was added, when the Marble Arch, which stood at 
 the principal entrance, was removed and erected at the 
 north-east corner of Hyde Park. The interior of the 
 palace, though very magnificent, is by no means as com- 
 fortable as it should be, being so badly constructed as to 
 require gas lights on the brightest day. The State Eooms 
 contain a large collection of the finest pictures in the 
 world, including works of Rubens, Rembrandt, Diirer, 
 and others ; but access to them is hedged with so many 
 difficulties that hut few can avail themselves of the 
 privilege. On State occasions the Queen always takes 
 her departure from here with regal ceremonies, and 
 here are held the “Drawing-rooms,” to which all 
 Americans are presentable through their Ambassador. 
 The Royal Stables, or Mews, are in the rear, and are 
 well worth a visit, the State carriages, equipage, and 
 horses being kept in quarters of the most magnificent 
 character. 
 
68 
 
 Royal Reside?ices . 
 
 The Palace can be visited in the absence of the Royal 
 Family, by permission of the Lord Chamberlain; the 
 Royal Stables can be seen daily, from 1 till 3 o’clock by 
 an order from the Master of the Horse* 
 
 KENSINGTON PALACE 
 
 Is a large and rambling mass of buildings at the extreme 
 west of Hyde Park, commanding fine views of Ken- 
 sington Gardens. Situated on a little knoll, with long 
 avenues of trees radiating to various points, it presents 
 a pleasing finish to the prospect. It was originally the 
 seat of Heneage Finch, Earl of Nottingham and Lord 
 Chancellor of England, It is no longer a legal residence. 
 King George II. being its last royal occupant. Her 
 present Majesty the Queen was born here, and here she 
 held her first Council after her accession to the throne. 
 The Palace has been recently occupied by H.R.H. Princess 
 Louise and the Marquis of Lome. 
 
 MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, Pail Mall, 
 
 The residence of H.R. H. the Prince of Wales. This 
 building was constructed by Sir Christopher Wren, 
 1706-10, for John Churchill, the great Duke of Marl- 
 borough. It was subsequently occupied by Prince 
 Leopold — afterwards King of the Belgians — and Queen 
 Adelaide, widow of William IV. It was afterwards used 
 as an exhibition for the Vernon and Turner Galleries. 
 
Royal Residences. 69 
 
 The unpromising entrance gives no token of the splendid 
 interior, which has been elegantly fitted up for His 
 Royal Highness and his beautiful consort. 
 
 WHITEHALL, 
 
 Which overlooks the Thames, in the neighbourhood of 
 the Admiralty and the Horse Guards, is historically 
 interesting as the site of the Palace of the Kings of 
 England from Henry VIII. to William III. It was 
 originally called York House, and received its present 
 name on the disgrace of the famous Cardinal Wolsey, 
 Archbishop of York. Nothing now remains of this once 
 splendid place but the Banqueting House, converted 
 into a chapel in the reign of George I . , and altered as we 
 now see it between 1829-37, and the statue of James II., 
 by Grinling Gibbons, who was also, by the way, one of 
 the finest wood carvers the world has ever seen. Some 
 of his finest examples are to be found in St. Paul’s 
 Cathedral. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 CHURCHES AND PLACES OF WORSHIP. 
 
 CHURCH OP ENGLAND. 
 
 At the time of the Great Fire of London there were 
 98 churches within the City walls; of these no less than 
 85 w T ere destroyed. Fifty-three were rebuilt, and 35 
 incorporated with other parishes. We have only space 
 to notice the more from 'cent. The Church which can be 
 seen from the hotel windows is 
 
 ALL SOULS’, LANGHAM PLACE* W. 
 
 Which is the church of one of the five District Rectories 
 into w 7 hich the “ Grand Old Palace of Marylebone,” as its 
 inhabitants delight to call it, was divided. The Church 
 was built by Nash in 1822-5 and originally harmonised 
 well with the surrounding mansions of the nobility, one 
 of which, Earl Mansfield’s, stood surrounded by a garden 
 on the site now occupied by the Langham Hotel. The 
 late Albert Smith speaks of it in one of his w 7 orks as the 
 11 Extinguisher Church ” from the peculiar shape of its 
 
Churches , &c. 7 1 
 
 spire. It has numbered among its former Rectors the late 
 Dean Chandler of Chichester, Dr. Baring, Bishop of Durham 
 and the present Archbishop of York, Dr. Thompson. The 
 benefice is in the gift of the Crown and is now held by 
 Reverend William Hay Chapman, M.A., formerly of 
 Clifton and South Borough, Tunbridge Wells. The services 
 on Sundays, are at 8 a.m., 11 a.m., 4 p.m. and 7 p.m. There 
 is a surpliced Choir but the services are simple, purely and 
 thoroughly congregational. It is one of the few churches 
 in London in which the Clergyman preaches in the black 
 gown. There are about 1,200 sittings, many of which are 
 free. The parish and its immediate western boundary may 
 be called the Medical Quarter of London, the most eminent 
 men in the profession having residences therein. The 
 population numbers some 16,000, about half of whom may 
 be reckoned as belonging to the poor. 
 
 THE TEMPLE CHURCH 
 
 (St. Mary’s)) Inner Temple, is interesting. It dates as 
 far back as 1185. Formerly the worshipping place of 
 the Knights Templars, it is now the resort of the Wig 
 and Gown, vulgarly called Lawyers — a wonderful gain 
 in morality and sobriety. It is one of the finest speci- 
 mens of the Templars’ Round churches to be found in 
 England. On the north side of the building lie the re- 
 mains of Oliver Goldsmith — the gentle and genial Oliver, 
 almost the only person of world-wide fame here interred. 
 The music is at all times very fine, attracting crowds of 
 strangers. Admission, when the church is not open 
 
72 
 
 Churches , 6v. 
 
 may be obtained by application to the porter at tbe 
 top of Middle Temple Lane. A Bencher’s order is re- 
 quired for admission to the choir. The master is the 
 Very Rev. Dr. Vaughan, Dean of Llandaff. The services 
 are choral, commencing on Sundays at 11 and 3, the Holy 
 Communion being administered at 10 a.m. daily. Omni- 
 buses from Oxford Circus run near, and the cab fare is 
 1 $. 6d. 
 
 ST. BARTHOLOMEW THE GREAT. 
 
 This most ancient structure stands in the Ward of 
 Earringdon Without, West Smithfield, and dates back 
 some 700 years. It is noted principally as being near 
 the spot were Bloody Mary roasted the martyrs. It 
 has a few ancient monuments to persons of but little 
 fame, and is interesting simply on account of its age 
 and the character of its architecture, which is Norman 
 and Early English. Near, let into the wall of St. Bar- 
 tholomew’s Hospital, is a memorial to the martyrs who 
 suffered here, while some little distance up St. John 
 Street Road is a church likewise erected to perpetuate 
 their memory. St. Bartholomew’s is open daily from 
 11 till 4, the service on Sundays being at 8, 11, and 7, 
 
 ST. SAVIOUR’S, Southwark. 
 
 The Church of the Priory of St. Mary Overy is also 
 an ancient structure. It w r as first created a parish 
 
Churches, 73 
 
 church in 1540. During the present century it has been 
 repaired and modernized, greatly to the disgust of all 
 “old fogies” and admirers of antiquities. It has a 
 number of monuments, chiefly of respectable citizens, a 
 few knights, and one of the poet Gower. Among the 
 persons of eminence buried here are Sir Edward Dyer, 
 John Fletcher, and Philip Massinger (poets), Edmund 
 Shakspeare (brother of the immortal bard), Lawrence 
 Fletcher (Shakspeare’s “fellow”), and Philip Henslow. 
 Nothing remains of the old church but the choir and 
 Lady chapel. Services on Sundays at 8 and 11 a.m., 3 
 and 6.30 p.m. Omnibuses run to the London Bridge 
 Railways, which face the church, and the cab fare is 
 2-s. 6d. 
 
 Other metropolitan churches, interesting rather for 
 their antiquity than anything else, may be classified as 
 follows : — • 
 
 ST. HELEN’S, Bishopsgate. 
 
 This church, which is situated in Crosby Square, near 
 the junction of Bishopsgate Street, with Gracechurch 
 Street (founded circ. 1216), has little to attract the 
 architectural admirer ; but within its precincts are buried 
 certain civic notabilities, chief among them Sir John 
 Crosby, whose old mansion in Bishopsgate (Crosby Hall) 
 is well worth visiting ; Sir Thomas Gresham, founder of 
 the Royal Exchange; Sir Andrew Judd; Sir Julius 
 Csesar, Chancellor of the Exchequer (obit. 1636) ; and 
 others of equal celebrity. Service at 11 a.m. 
 
Churches , &rc. 
 
 74 
 
 ST. GILES’S, Oripplegate. 
 
 One of the oldest churches in London, and famed as 
 being the resting-place of Milton, of Eoxe, the mar- 
 tyrologist, and of Speed, the chronicler. Oliver Cromwell 
 was married here. Eestored 1864. Services, 11 a.m., 4 
 and 7 p.m. 
 
 ST. PANCEAS-IN-THE-EIELDS, 
 
 Whose burial ground contains the ashes of twenty 
 generations and the dust of six centuries, is situated 
 near the Midland Eailway Station, King’s Cross. Among 
 the most distinguished of its dead are John Walker, 
 author of the well-known dictionary ; Jeremy Collier, 
 who wrote on the immorality of the stage ; Ned Ward, 
 author of the “London Spy;” and Sir John Soane, 
 architect of the Bank of England and founder of the Soane 
 Museum in Lincoln’s Inn Fields. Services, 8 and 11 a.m., 
 3 and 7 r m. 
 
 ST. MAE Y-LE-S AY 0 Y (Chapel Eoyal). 
 
 Between the Strand and the Thames Embankment marks 
 the site of the palace built in 1245, where the “ Savoy 
 Conference ” for the revision of the Liturgy assembled 
 in 1661. The church was nearly totally destroyed by 
 fire in 1864, and was restored by the Queen, it being 
 
Churches , 6°<r. 75 
 
 Crown property. The services are fully choral, and are 
 held at 10.15 and 11.30 a.m., 4 and 7 p.m. Open daily 
 from 11 till 1 and from 2 till 4, All the expenses are 
 paid by the Queep. 
 
 ST. PAUL’S, Covent Garden, 
 
 The original church was built by Inigo Jones, circ. 1651, 
 and was interesting as the burial-place of Butler, author 
 of “ Hudibras ; ” Sir Peter Lely, the painter ; Wm. 
 Wycherley, the dramatist ; Mrs. Centlivre, author of 
 “ The Wonder,” &c. ; Dr. Arne, composer of “ Pule 
 Britannia ; ” Dr. John Armstrong, poet and author of 
 the “Art of Preserving Health,” and “Peter Pindar.” 
 Here also Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was baptized. 
 The present edifice was built in 1798, at the expense of 
 Francis Earl of Bedford. It has been described as the 
 “handsomest barn in England.” Services, 11 a.m. and 
 7 p.m. 
 
 ST. MARY-LE-BOW, Cheapside, 
 
 Better known as Bow Church, one of Wren’s master- 
 pieces, is celebrated in prose and verse. To be born 
 within sound of its bells constitutes the true cockney ; 
 and within its walls the Bishops of London are generally 
 consecrated. It has a spire of great architectural beauty, 
 225 feet high, and the clock, which projects into the 
 street, excites much attention. The Court of Arches, 
 
76 Churches , 6°<r. 
 
 the highest court of the Archbishop, derives its name 
 from the vaulted arches under this church. Service at 
 11 and 6.30. 
 
 ST. BRIDE’S on ST. BRIDGET’S, Fleet Street, 
 
 Also the work of Wren, is much admired for its interior, 
 and holds the remains of Wynkin de Worde, the printer, 
 and Richardson, the author of “Clarissa Harlowe,” 
 Services, 11 a.m., 3.30 and 7 p.m. 
 
 ST. STEPHEN’S, Walbrook, 
 
 Another of Wren’s creations, with a most commonplace 
 exterior, though it is well worth a visit for the elegance 
 of its interior. Sir John Vanbrugh lies buried in the 
 family vault, and the church contains a beautiful picture 
 by Benjamin West. Services, 11 a.m. and 6.45 p.m. 
 
 ST. JAMES’S, Piccadilly, 
 
 Plowever, is deemed internally the masterpiece of Wren, 
 embodying, in his own opinion, all the advantages of 
 space, light, and air, combined with the compactness and 
 elegance required in such a structure. Among its illus- 
 trious dead may be named Cotton, the friend of Izaak 
 Walton; the Vanderveldes, the painters; Tom D’Urfey 
 the dramatist : Dr. Arbuthnot, the friend of Pope, Swift, 
 and Gay; Akenside, the poet; and others. In the 
 
Churches . &c. 
 
 77 
 
 list of rectors Tenison and Wake, both Archbishops of 
 Canterbury, are numbered. Observe the marble font, a 
 very beautiful work by Grinling Gibbons. Services, 8 
 and 11 a.m., 3 and 7 r.M. 
 
 ST. MARTIN’S-IN-THE,FIELDS, Trafalgar Square, 
 
 Has one of the finest porticos and steeples of the West 
 End. In the graveyard of this church were buried Hell 
 Gwynne, Jack Sheppard, Farquhar, the dramatist ; 
 Roubiliac, the sculptor; and James Smith, author of 
 “ The Rejected Addresses,” and its register records the 
 birth of Lord Bacon. It wa.s built by Gibbs, 1721-2G, 
 Services, 8.30 and 11 a.m., 3 and 7 p.m. 
 
 ST. GEORGE’S, Hanover Square, 
 
 Is the fashionable church for marriages, it being under- 
 stood that the performance of the ceremony here ensures 
 results of the happiest character. Sterne, the author of 
 the “ Sentimental Journey ” and “ Tristram Shandy,” 
 lies in its burial-ground, which is situated at Bayswater. 
 Services, 8 and 11 a.m., 3.30 and 7 p.m. 
 
 CHAPEL ROYAL, Whitehall. 
 
 This was formerly the banqueting-hall of the palace 
 of Whitehall, of which it is only the remnant. It was 
 converted into a Chapel by George I., and has been 
 
7 8 Churches , &*c. 
 
 modernized during the present century. Near it is the 
 spot whereon King Charles I. was beheaded. The Bishop 
 of London is the Dean, and the Rev. Edgar Sheppard, Sub- 
 Dean. The ceiling is lined with pictures on canvas 
 painted abroad by Rubens in 1635, representing the 
 apotheosis of King James I. Services commence in the 
 morning at 11, afternoon at 3, The cab fare from the 
 Hotel is 1$. 
 
 CHAPEL ROYAL, St. James’s, 
 
 This is the Temple of Royalty, into which, with one 
 exception, no common foot can stray unless provided with 
 the Lord Chamberlain’s permit. There are three services, 
 at 10 a.m., 12, and 5.30 p.m. Admission by ticket, to be 
 obtained from the Lord Chamberlain and Bishop of London. 
 The 10 a.m. service on Sundays is open to the public, when 
 no tickets are necessary. The music here is very beautiful, 
 and the service impressive. 
 
 ST. ALBAN’S, Brooke Street, Holborn. 
 
 The leading Ritualistic church in London, while its 
 late Incumbent (the late Rev. Mr. Maconochie) rendered it 
 notorious on account of his extreme opinions, practices, 
 and prosecution. The organ is remarkably fine, and the 
 singing very good. There are daily services, and on 
 Sundays at 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 a.m., 3 and 7 p.m. The cab 
 fare is Is. 
 
79 
 
 Churches , &V. 
 
 ALL SAINTS’ CHURCH, Margaret Street, 
 Cavendish Square, 
 
 Is also a Ritualistic centre, and hut little behind St. 
 Alban’s in its ritual, Dr. Rusey himself having laid the 
 corner-stone. It cost altogether £65,000, but, owing to 
 its shut-in position, much of its appearance is lost. The 
 internal decorations are very fine, but the effect is greatly 
 marred by the shabby appointments vouchsafed to the 
 congregation. Here, as well as in some other Ritualistic 
 churches, the sexes are separated, and the choir is com- 
 posed entirely of males. Services are held daily, and on 
 Sundays are for the most part fully choral. They take 
 place at 7, 8, 9, 10.30 and 11.45 a.m., 3.30, 4, and 7 p.m. 
 The proximity of the church to the Hotel will serve to 
 dispense with the hire of a conveyance. 
 
 ST, ANDREW’S, Wells Street, Oxford Street, 
 
 Which is near to All Saints’, is of the same character* 
 the whole service being chanted or sung by men and 
 boys ; anthems by the best masters are beautifully 
 rendered. There are daily services. The hours for ser- 
 vice on Sundays are 8, 9 ; 15, and 11.15 a.m., 3.30, 4, and 
 7 p.m. 
 
 THE FOUNDLING HOSPITAL CHAPEL, 
 Guilford Street, Russell Square; 
 
 Of all the various places of worship and charity iii 
 London, none exceed this in interest or philanthropy. 
 
So 
 
 Churches , 
 
 Incorporated in 1789, it has met a large and certain want 
 in London incidental to all great cities, the alleviation of 
 which tends to ameliorate crime and distress. Its 
 founder, Captain Thomas Coram, was a great admirer of 
 the wife of Washington ; and to this day the female 
 inmates of the hospital dress in the high cap and necker- 
 chief so characteristic of that distinguished lady. The 
 number of children supported by the charity averages 
 over 400 annually. The services, as conducted in the 
 chapel, are very beautiful, the chants and anthems being 
 sung by a very excellent choir, assisted by the elder 
 children. A very interesting exhibition is afforded after 
 morning service, in witnessing the childen at their dinner, 
 especially on Christmas Day. As this institution is 
 supported by voluntary contributions, the piece of silver, 
 which no visitor should fail to deposit at the door, will be 
 well spent. Morning service commences at 11 o’clock, 
 evening at three. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES. 
 
 ST. GEORGE’S CATHEDRAL, 
 
 At the corner of St. George’s and Westminster Bridge 
 Roads, is perhaps the largest of the Roman Catholic 
 Churches in London. Here the music is remarkably fine, 
 the choir being composed of the most distinguished pro- 
 fessional singers. Services, 11 a*m., 3 and 6.30 p.m. 
 
Churches , &c. 
 
 81 
 
 PRO-CATHEDRAL, Kensington. 
 
 This church is unquestionably the handsomest Roman 
 Catholic place of worship in London. Services are held 
 three times on Sunday, and the Cathedral is within a 2s. 
 cab fare from the Langham. Services, 7, 8, 9, 11, 3 and 7. 
 
 ST. MARY’S, Bloomfield Street, Moorfields. 
 
 Mass at 7, 8, 9, 10, and High Mass at 11 ; catechism 
 at 3 ; vespers, sermon, and benediction at 7 p.m. 
 
 ROYAL BAVARIAN CHURCH, Warwick Street, 
 Regent Street. 
 
 Services, 11 a.m., 3.30, and 7 p.m. 
 
 THE SARDINIAN CHURCH, Sardinia Street, 
 Lincoln’s Inn Fields. 
 
 THE FRENCH CHURCH, Little George Street, 
 King Street, Portman Square. 
 
 Services, 11 a.m. and 3.30 p.m. 
 
 THE ITALIAN CHURCH, ClerkemVell Road. 
 Services daily, and 11, 4 and 7 on Sundays. 
 
Churches , 6°<r. 
 
 JESUIT CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CON- 
 CEPTION, Farm Street, Berkeley Square. 
 
 Services on Sundays at 7, 7.30, 8.30, 9.30, and 11 a.m. 
 and 3.30, p.m. 
 
 THE ORATORY, Brompton. 
 
 One of the largest and handsomest churches in London, 
 one of the altars vieing with some of the most noted in 
 Italy. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS CHURCHES. 
 
 THE IRVINGTTE CHURCH, Gordon Square, 
 
 A modern church, still unfinished, which will well repay 
 the curious visitor, standing, as it may he said, in the 
 gap between Romanism and the Established Church, 
 resembling both and differing from either. Its advocates 
 denominate it the “ Catholic Apostolic,” and some of 
 them discourse in the unknown tongue, doubtless verjr 
 impressive to those who understand it. 
 
 THE TABERNACLE. 
 
 Who has not heard of Spurgeon ? At Newington 
 Butts, near the Elephant and Castle, in a chapel 
 capable of accommodating 7,000 persons, this distinguished 
 
C /lurches y &r. 83 
 
 Baptist may be heard when the state of' his health permits. 
 The service commences at 11 a.m. From the Langham 
 start nearly an hour earlier. In the evening he preaches 
 at 6.30 to, if possible, a more crowded auditory than in the 
 morning. The cab fare is 2s. 6^., and the “ Waterloo” 
 omnibuses run within a short distance. 
 
 BAPTIST CHAPEL, Park Square, Portland Place, 
 Hours of service 11 a,m., and 7 p,m. 
 
 NATIONAL SCOTTISH CHURCH, Crown Court, 
 Russell Street, Co vent Garden. 
 
 Leading lights of the Scotch Church are to be heard 
 here very often during the season. For many years the 
 late Dr. Cumming drew to this church the most fashion- 
 able congregation in London. 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH, Westminster Bridge Road. 
 
 This church is one of the grandest specimens of gothic 
 architecture to be found in the Metropolis, and possesses 
 a handsome tower (the Lincoln) some 200 feet in height, 
 a great part of the cost of which was borne by Americans. 
 The Rev. Newman Hall, ll.b., is the minister, he having 
 previously ministered at the old Surrey Chapel, memor- 
 able as being the scene of the labours of the renowned 
 Rowland Hill, John Hall, and others. Services are held 
 at 11 a.m. , 3 and 6.30 p.m. 
 
84 
 
 Churches, &c. 
 
 THE WESLEYAN CHAPEL, 
 
 In the City Road, contains the remains of John Wesley, 
 and a tablet to the memory of the first Methodist. The 
 great preacher’s house is also still standing. 
 
 WHITFIELD’S CHAPEL, 
 
 Situated on the west side of Tottenham Court Road, and 
 where Whitfield, one of the founders of Wesleyanism, first 
 preached, has lately been restored. 
 
 CITY TEMPLE, Holborn Viaduct. 
 
 This chapel, which is ministered to by the Rev. Dr. 
 Parker, is one of the largest and finest in London, and 
 attracts a large and influential congregation. 
 
 THE FRENCH PROTESTANT CHURCH, 
 Bloomsbury Street, Bloomsbury. 
 
 This was formerly the French church in the Savoy, 
 established by Charles II. Services are held at 11 and 3 
 on Sundays. 
 
 THE DUTCH CHURCH, in Austin Friars, 
 ervice, 11.15. 
 
Churches , &c. 
 
 85 
 
 THE C4REEK CHURCH, Moscow Road, Bayswater, W. 
 Services, morning, 8.30 ; evening, 6. 
 
 THE RUSSIAN EMBASSY CHURCH, 
 
 32, Welbeck Street. 
 
 THE SWEDISH CHURCH, in Princes Square, near 
 the Tower, the burial-place of Swendenborg. 
 
 THE DANISH CHURCH, Wellclose Square, 
 Whitechapel. 
 
 These are all worth a visit. 
 
 JEWS’ SYNAGOGUES are at Great St. Helen’s ; St. 
 James’s Place, Aldgate ; Chichester Place, Bayswater ; 
 and 43, Great Portland Street. 
 
 UNITARIAN CHAPEL, 
 
 Little Portland Street, Regent Street. 
 
 Services — Morning, 11.15 ; Evening, 7. 
 
 Minister : 
 
 PHILIP H. WICKSTEED, M.A . 
 
CHAPTER VI, 
 
 MUSEUMS, ART EXHIBITIONS, &c. 
 
 Prominent among the Exhibitions of London is 
 THE BRITISH MUSEUM, 
 
 Situated in Great Russell Street, Blocmsbury, W.C., and 
 easily reached from any quarter. Hays may be profitably 
 spent in viewing, but years would be required to examine 
 critically the countless wonders it contains. Here every 
 curiosity seeker can be gratified, whatever his speciality, 
 entirely free. Open daily at 10 a.m. ; closed at dusk ; 
 again from 8 to 10 p.m. The British and Medimval 
 antiquities, and rooms in “White Wing” are closed on 
 Tuesdays and Thursdays. 
 
 Reading room open daily to readers, January to April 
 and September to December 9 a.m. 8 p.m. ; May to August 
 till 7 p.m. ; lighted after dusk by electric light. For 
 permission to see this room apply at the Great Hall. 
 Tickets for readers may be obtained on written application 
 to the principal Librarian, accompanied by a recommen- 
 dation from a householder or [some well known person. 
 
Museums , Art Exhibitions , 87 
 
 Sculpture Galleries open to Students holding tickets (for 
 copying statues, &c.), daily from 9 till hour of closing. No 
 charge is made except for the catalogues, with which we 
 advise all visitors to supply themselves. 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, Cromwell Road, 
 South Kensington. 
 
 This, a branch of the British Museum, was opened in 
 1880, and has since received the collections of Zoology, 
 Geology, Mineralogy, and Botany, formerly in Great 
 Russel Street. Regulations as to admission are the same 
 as for the British Museum. 
 
 THE SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM 
 
 Is built upon a portion of the estate purchased with the 
 surplus funds from the Exhibition of 1851, at Brompton, 
 in the Cromwell and Exhibition Roads. Much of the 
 collection deposited here was formerly in Marlborough 
 House, and consists of illustrations of manufactures and 
 arts ; models of patented inventions ; collections of raw 
 produce from the animal, vegetable, and mineral 
 kingdoms ; a museum of educational appliances ; casts of 
 sculptural and architectural ornaments, &c. Also a very 
 fine collection of paintings presented to the nation by 
 Mr. Vernon, Mr. Sheepshanks, and others. One portion 
 of the building is devoted to the Government Department 
 of Science and Art; the other to the Museum. On Mon- 
 
88 Museums , Art Exhibitions , &-r. 
 
 days, Tuesdays, and Saturdays the admission is free, frorfi 
 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. ; on the other three days, “students’ 
 days,” 6d. is charged, and the exhibition is open only 
 from ten to four or six o’clock, according to season. There 
 is also a Patent Museum attached, in which models of the 
 various patents taken out from time to time are kept, 
 and to which the admission is free. For those who have 
 time there is a branch of the Museum at Bethnal Green, 
 which usually contains some very choice loan collections. 
 It is easily reached by omnibus. 
 
 Near to the Museum rises the vast pile of the 
 
 EOYAL ALBEET HALL, 
 
 Opened with so much “ pomp and circumstance ” in 1871. 
 The design was suggested by the late Prince Consort, 
 and the first stone was laid by Her Majesty the Queen, 
 May 20th, 1867. It is in the form of an ancient circus, but 
 roofed over and surmounted by a dome, formed of huge 
 iron ribs ingeniously supported, and surmounted by a 
 central ring and lantern. It is 200 feet in length and 
 175 feet across, and holds 15,000 persons. The organ is 
 one of the largest in the world. 
 
 Of the public galleries of art, confessedly the first is 
 THE NATIONAL GALLEEY, 
 
 Which richly deserves the name, although as an architec- 
 tural monument it evidences but little taste in its design* 
 
Museums , Art Exhibitions , 6°<r. 89 
 
 Some new rooms have lately been added, which are really 
 very handsome, and set off to great advantage the 
 pictures hung therein. Facing Trafalgar Square, it 
 occupies the very best position in London. One half the 
 structure was formerly occupied by the Royal Academy. 
 Founded in 1824, it is the depository of the gruat 
 pictures collected by the nation either by purchase or 
 donation. Over a hundred thousand pounds have been 
 expended in obtaining the choicest works of old masters, 
 250 in number ; whilst 259 have been given and 240 
 bequeathed, many of which are not exhibited for want of 
 space. Rich in specimens of every school save the 
 Spanish, it is impossible to name even the most noted, 
 so numerous are they. Some very fine “ Turner’s” are 
 to be found here. The gallery is open on Monday, Tues* 
 day, Wednesday, and Saturday to the public free of 
 charge ; and on Thursday and Friday to artists, when 
 the public is admitted after 11 o’clock on payment of Qd. 
 each person. For those who wish to study the pictures 
 a catalogue is advisable, which can bo obtained in the 
 hall. During the summer months it closes at 6 ; in 
 winter at 4. 
 
 THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS, 
 
 In the new buildings, Burlington House, Piccadilly 
 (removed in 1868-69 from Trafalgar Square), is open from 
 the first Monday in May till the first Monday in August, 
 from 8 a.m. till 7 p,m. The admission is Is., and 
 
90 Museums , Art Exhibitions , &>c, 
 
 catalogues Is. During tlio last week there is an evening 
 exhibition, from 7.30 till 10.30, when the admission is (Sd . 
 and catalogues §d. Here are presented to public view the 
 latest works of living artists. There -is also an exhibition 
 of Old Masters and deceased British artists, lasting 
 for ten weeks, from the first Monday in January, the 
 admission being Is. and catalogues 6 d. A school of art 
 is attached, for the instruction of students in the art of 
 painting. It is a private society, under the superintend- 
 ence and control of the Queen herself, and is considered 
 a very profitable institution, the average annual receipts 
 being about £6,000. Any person of sufficient capacity and 
 good moral character can become a pupil of this school 
 if approved on examination by the Council . Here are the 
 Gibson and Diploma Galleries, open daily from 11 till 4, 
 free. Burlington .House is easily reached by cab or 
 omnibus. 
 
 THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY 
 
 Was established in 1858, and subsequently removed to 
 Exhibition Road, South Kensington : It is now temporarily 
 located at the Bethnal Green Museum, pending the 
 erecting of a suitable building. The object is to collect a 
 gallery of portraits of persons of note, living or dead.. 
 About three hundred portraits of both famous and 
 infamous persons in our history are on view, in the selec- 
 tion of which reference is made more to the celebrity of 
 the subject than the skill of the artist. The exhibition 
 is open daily from 10 till 4 or 6, according to season, free. 
 
9i 
 
 Museums , Art Exhibitions , 6°<r. 
 
 During “ the season ” a large number of Art Exhibitions 
 are open for inspection, the most important being — 
 
 The Society of British Artists, Suffolk Street, Pall 
 Mall East, S.W. ; 
 
 The Dore Gallery, 35, New Bond Street, W. ; 
 
 The Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours, 
 Pall Mall East, S.W. ; 
 
 The French Gallery, 120, Pall Mall, S.W. ; 
 
 Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, 
 Piccadilly, W. ; 
 
 The Institute of Painters in Oil Colours, Piccadilly, 
 
 w. ; 
 
 The Grosvenor Gallery, 135, New Bond Street, W. ; 
 
 The Sculpture Galleries, 37, Piccadilly, W. ; 
 
 The Flaxman Gallery — University College, where is 
 shown a large collection of pen and pencil sketches by 
 Flaxman, presented to the college by his daughter, Miss 
 Denman ; 
 
 The Guardi Gallery, 11, Haymarket, where a fine 
 collection by the old and modern masters will tempt a 
 collector. They are owned by Mr. Martin Colnaghi, one 
 of the best authorities on the Old Masters. He has also 
 a very large collection at the Marlborough Gallery, 
 Pall Mall, S.W. 
 
 Mr. Tooth’s Gallery, also in the Haymarket, is well 
 worth a visit ; also 
 
 Mr. M’Clean’s, in the same locality. 
 
 Royal Institute of British Architects, 9, Conduit 
 Street, beside many others. 
 
92 
 
 Museums , Exhibitions , &*c. 
 
 THE SOANE MUSEUM, 13, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. 
 
 Founded by Sir John Soane, son of a bricklayer of Bead- 
 ing, and architect of the Bank of England, contains 
 some very valuable curiosities and pictures, among them 
 Belzoni’s sarcophagus, hewn out of alabaster, Hogarth’s 
 celebrated series of eight pictures illustrating “ The 
 Bake’s Progress,’’ purchased for 570 guineas, and the 
 same artist’s “Election,” four pictures, which cost 1,650 
 guineas. There are also three pictures by Canaletti, 
 among them his master-piece, the Grand Canal of 
 Venice. This Museum is open free from 11 to 5 on 
 Tuesdays and Thursdays, in February and March, and 
 on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays 
 from April to August. Cards for private days may be 
 obtained on application to the Curator at the Museum. 
 
 THE INDIAN MUSEUM, 
 
 Bemoved from the India Office to the Exhibition Galleries 
 at South Kensington, is filled with barbaric curiosities 
 and historic relics, and open to the public on Monday, 
 Tuesday, and Saturday free, a charge of 6d. being made 
 on the other days of the week. Although much injured 
 by a recent fire it as well worthy a visit. 
 
Museums , Art Exhibitions , e°r. 
 
 93 
 
 THE MUSEUM OF PBACTICAL GEOLOGY, 
 
 28 to 32, Jermyn Street, S.W. 
 
 Under the direction of Prof. Huxley, is devoted to the 
 exhibition of all articles, rough or manufactured, belong- 
 ing to the mineral world, the products of the United 
 Kingdom and Colonies. United with it is the Koyal 
 School of Mines, with a staff of professsors who lecture 
 on metallurgy, chemistry, natural history, &c. It is open 
 to the public daily except Friday, from 10 till 4 in winter, 
 and 10 till 5 in summer, the hours on Monday and Satur- 
 day being extended to 10 o’clock. From August 10th to 
 September 10th the Museum is closed .Note the 
 Murchison Vase of Avanturine Quartz and Steel p'ate. 
 
 THE EOYAL UNITED SEEYICE MUSEUM, 
 Whitehall Yard, S.W. 
 
 Supported by private subscription, is open daily (11 to 5 
 in summer, 11 to 4*in winter) to personshearing a mem- 
 ber’s ticket or in military or naval uniform . On Fridays, 
 the admission is by members’ introduction only. It 
 contains some curious models of great engagements, among 
 them those of the Field and Battle of Waterloo, with 
 190,000 metal figures, and many military and naval 
 trophies. It is one of the most interesting collections to he 
 found in the metropolis. 
 
94 
 
 Museums , Art Exhibitions , 
 
 THE MUSEUM OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF 
 SURGEONS, 40 and 42, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. 
 
 Can be visited by strangers through the introduction of 
 members of the college. Its contents are illustrative of 
 the structure and functions of the body, both in tho 
 healthy and diseased state, and include the museum of 
 comparative anatomy formerly belonging to the celebrated 
 John Hunter, presented by the Government on condition 
 that twenty- four lectures should be delivered annually, 
 and that the museum should be open to the public. 
 Over-sensitive and delicate people should avoid this Museum, 
 which, by the way, is not open to ladies. Admission 
 is had on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays, 
 from 12 to 4. During September the Museum is closed. 
 
 ROYAL ARCHITECTURAL MUSEUM, 
 
 18, Tufton Street, Westminster, S.W. 
 
 Admission, 9 to 4 daily, 0>d. The many plans and models 
 will afford much instruction to those of an architectural 
 turn of mind. 
 
 THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, 
 
 22, Albemarle Street, W. 
 
 Is Open every day except Saturday, from 11 to 4* to visitors 
 having tickets from a member. 
 
Museums , Art Exhibitions , 6-r, 
 
 95 
 
 THE MISSION ARIES’ MUSEUM, 
 
 Blomfield Street, Moorfields, 
 
 Containing objects of natural history and curiosities picked 
 up by the various missionaries, is open free on Tuesdays, 
 Wednesdays, and Saturdays, from 10 to 4 from March 24 
 to September 22 ; the rest of the year from 10 to 3. 
 
 CITY OF LONDON MUSEUM, adjoining the 
 Guildhall Library, 
 
 This museum of antiquities is free daily from 10 to 5 
 from March to September, and from 10 to 4 from October 
 to February. 
 
 PARKES’ MUSEUM OF HYGIENE, 74a, Margaret 
 Street, Cavendish Square, AY. 
 
 The charge to view this collection is 6^. from 10 to 5 (till 
 2 on Monday and Saturday), after which the admission is 
 free till 7 (Monday and Saturday till 9). 
 
 THE SCHOOL BOARD FOR LONDON. 
 
 This Board was started in 1870 to supply the deficiency 
 of school accommodation in the metropolis. The fees 
 charged by the Board range from 1 cl. to Qd ,, and in one 
 
g6 Museums , Exhibitions , 
 
 school 9^. ; the number of school-places provided at 1^. 
 being, according to a recent return, 79,621 ; 173,966 at 
 2d. ; 92,708 at 3 d. ; 21,864 at 4 < ; 5,647 at 6^. ; and 600 
 at 9 d. The charges are determined solely by what is 
 believed to he the ability of the parents, and to avoid 
 needless class distinctions they are made uniform in each 
 school. The offices are on the Victoria Embankment, and 
 constitute a handsome block of buildings between Somerset 
 House and the Temple. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 THE ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, Covent Garden, 
 
 On the west side of Bow Street, is one of the finest Opera 
 Houses in the world. There are usually five opera nights 
 weekly. The opera generally commences at 8.30 p.m., 
 the season being concurrent with that of the Parliamentary 
 Session. The prices are : — Boxes, 52s. 6d. to six guineas ; 
 stalls, 21s. balcony stalls, 15s. ; amphitheatre stalls, 5s. and 
 10s. 6d. ; gallery, 2s. 6d. 
 
 In the autumn months, promenade concerts are held 
 here, and are largely patronized ; the classical night being 
 Wednesday. 
 
 HER MAJESTY’S THEATRE. 
 
 A handsome structure, situated in the Haymarket. For 
 several years Italian opera has not been given, and mis- 
 fortune appears to have overtaken the old house. 
 
 E 
 
9 8 
 
 Places of Amusement . 
 
 DRURY LANE THEATRE 
 
 Is the oldest in London. The present edifice (the fourth 
 of the name) was erected in 1812, and opened with a pro- 
 logue written by Lord Byron, its predecessor having 
 been honoured with one by Dry den. After Macready’s 
 retirement this time-honoured playhouse had fallen into 
 the “ sere and yellow leaf;” until the energy of Mr. 
 Chatterton, the late, and Mr. Augustus Harris, its 
 present manager, by a series of brilliant performances, 
 redeemed its waning fortunes. Melodrama is the usual 
 fare provided, the pieces being mounted with much 
 liberality and care. Prices — Boxes, one to six guineas ; 
 stalls, 105. 6d. ; grand circle, 75. and 6s. ; first circle, 5s. 
 and 45. ; balcony, 3s. ; pit 25. ; lower gallery, 1*. ; upper 
 6d. No fees. 
 
 THEATRE ROYAL* Haymarket. 
 
 Tor high comedy and sterling acting this establishment 
 is as yet unsurpassed in the world, save perhaps by the 
 Theatre Erangais in Paris. Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft were 
 till lately the lessees. Prices — Boxes, one to five guineas ; 
 stalls, 105. ; balcony, 7s. ; first circle 4s. and 5s . ; second 
 circle, 2s. ; gallery, 15. No fees. 
 
Places of Amusement . 
 
 99 
 
 CRITERION THEATRE, Piccadilly. 
 
 Near the top of the Haymarket is the Criterion, whero 
 light comedy has gained for the house a wide popularity. 
 It has lately been reconstructed, and Mr. Charles Wynd- 
 ham, the present lessee, one of our most accomplished 
 actors, retains his hold on public favour. One may 
 always he sure of a good performance, well played and 
 carefully mounted. Prices — Boxes, 31s. Gd. to 63s. ; stalls, 
 10s. Gd. ; dress circle, 6s. and 7s. ; family circle, 3s, ; pit, 
 2s. Gd. ; gallery, Is. 
 
 THE ADELPHI THEATRE. 
 
 This theatre is in the Strand, not far from Charing 
 Cross. Here it was that Miss Bateman and Jefferson, 
 our “ Joe,” delighted the Londoners and astonished the 
 critics. Melodrama is a specialty here. Messrs. A. and 
 S. Gatti are the sole proprietors. Prices — Boxes, two and 
 three guineas ; orchestra stalls, 10s. ; balcony stalls, 6s, ; 
 upper circle, 3s ; pit, 2s. ; gallery, Is. 
 
 COMEDY THEATRE, Panton Street, Haymarket. 
 
 The specialities of this house — are comedy and comic 
 opera. Prices — Boxes; one to four guineas ; stalls, 10s. Gd. ; 
 dress circle, 6s. ; upper boxes, 4s. ; pit, 2s. ; amphitheatre, 
 Is, Gd . ; gallery, Is. 
 
100 
 
 Places of Amusement . 
 
 SAVOY THEATRE, Beaufort Buildings, Strand, W.C., 
 
 Here the comic operas by Sir Arthur Sullivan and Mr. 
 W. S. Gilbert have attained their popularity. Prices — 
 Boxes, one to three guineas; stalls, 10s. Qd., ; balcony, 
 7s. Qd. ; first circle, 4s. ; pit, 2s. 6d. ; amphitheatre, 2s. ; 
 gallery, Is. No fees. 
 
 OPERA COMIQUE, 299, Strand, W.C., 
 
 Devoted to light entertainments and comic opera. 
 Prices — Boxes, one to three guineas ; stalls, 10s. Qd. ; 
 balcony stalls, 7s. Qd . ; dress circle, 5s. and 6s. ; first 
 circle, 2s. Qd. and 4s. ; gallery, Is. 
 
 THE PRINCESS’S THEATRE, 150, Oxford Street, W. 
 
 Was the scene of Charles Kean's great revivals and 
 triumphs. It is one of the handsomest and safest houses in 
 London.. Prices — Boxes, one to nine guineas ; stalls, 10s. ; 
 dress circle, 6s. ; upper boxes, 3s ; pit, 2s. ; amphitheatre, 
 Is. Qd. ; gallery, Is. No fees. 
 
 THE LYCEUM THEATRE, 
 
 A short distance up Upper Wellington Street from the 
 Strand, built originally for the production of operas, is 
 
Places of Amusement, ioi 
 
 now under the management of Mr. Irving, and is one of 
 the prettiest and most fashionable places of amusement 
 in London. Here the “ romantic ” alternates with “deep 
 tragedy ” and “ romantic drama.” The scenery and 
 stage appointments are very superior in this establishment, 
 and many of the best improvements of the French stage 
 have been introduced with great advantage. Here Miss 
 Mary Anderson appeared during her stay in England. 
 Prices — Boxes, two to four guineas ; stalls, 10s. 6d. ; 
 dress circle, 7s. ; upper circle, 4s. ; pit, 2s. 6d. ; amphi- 
 theatre, 2s. 6d. ; gallery, Is. No fees. 
 
 THE OLYMPIC THEATRE. 
 
 This little box is situated in an out-of-the-way street 
 at the foot of Drury Lane, called Wych Street, Strand. 
 The dramatic fare provided is very varied, but a good 
 evening’s amusement, with good acting, is generally to 
 be found in this theatre. Prices — Boxes, one to three 
 guineas ; stalls, 10s. ; dress circle, 4s. and 6s. ; upper 
 circle, 2s. Qd. ; pit, 2s. ; gallery, Is. 
 
 COURT THEATRE, Sloane Square, S.W., 
 
 Under the management of Mrs. John Wood, and Mr. Arthur 
 Chudleigh. A good company is always to be found here, 
 high-class latter-day comedy being the specialty. Prices — 
 Private boxes, one to three guineas ; stalls, 10s. 6d. ; dress 
 circle, 7s. 6d. ; boxes, 4s. ; pit, 2s. 6d. ; gallery, next to the 
 theatre, Is. 
 
102 
 
 Places of Amusement . 
 
 AVENUE, Northumberland Avenue, Strand, W.C. 
 
 A pretty house, standing on the Thames Embankment, 
 and devoted to comic opera, &c. Prices — Boxes, one to 
 four guineas ; stalls, 10s. 6d . ; dress circle, 7s. 6d,, and 
 6s. ; upper boxes, 3s. ; pit, 2s. ; gallery, Is. 
 
 THE GRAND (late Philharmonic), Islington, N. 
 
 This house, so favourably known as the scene of the 
 greatest successes of the late Miss Julia Matthew r s as 
 the “ Grand Duchess,” was, after a season of misfortune, 
 destroyed by fire. It has recently been rebuilt, and is 
 now one of the handsomest and most comfortable houses 
 in London. It is managed by Mr. Charles Wilmot, and 
 domestic drama, with “ star ” companies, forms the 
 principal attraction. Prices — Boxes, one to two guineas ; 
 orchestra stalls, 35. ; dress circle, 29. 6d. ; upper boxes, 
 2s. ; pit stalls, Is. 6d. ; pit, Is . ; amphitheatre, Is. ; 
 gallery, 6d. 
 
 THE ST. JAMES’S THEATRE, 
 
 In the centre of fashionable London — King Street, St. 
 James’s — is an elegant little house, and is noted as the 
 scene of triumph of the two most distinguished actresses 
 of modern times, Ristori and Rachel. It is now leased 
 by Messrs. Kendal and Hare, the entertainment provided 
 
Places of Amusement . 103 
 
 being of the most finished order. Prices — Private boxes, 
 31s. 6d. to three guineas ; stalls, IO 5 . 6d. ; dress circle, 
 6s. 6d. ; boxes, 45. ; pit, 25. 6d . ; gallery, I 5 . No fees. 
 
 TERRY’S THEATRE, Strand, W.O. 
 
 One of the recently built Theatres for Mr. Terry. 
 Prices — Private boxes from £1 I 5 . ; orchestra stalls, 
 IO 5 . 6d. ; dress circle, first two rows, 75. 6d., third, 
 fourth and fifth rows, 6s. ; upper boxes, 45. ; pit, 25. 6d. 
 
 THE STRAND THEATRE, Strand, W.O. 
 
 This establishment, formerly under the management 
 of Mrs. Swanborough, was devoted to the production 
 of burlesque, for w T hich it has attained some reputation. 
 The house — which has been rebuilt and considerably 
 enlarged — is neat and comfortable. Prices — Private boxes, 
 one to three guineas ; stalls, IO 5 . 6d . ; dress circle, 65 . ; 
 boxes, 45. ; pit, 2s. ; amphitheatre, 15. 
 
 THE LYRIC THEATRE, Shaftesbury Avenue, W. 
 
 This theatre was built for, and opened by, its present 
 proprietor Mr. H. J. Leslie. Prices from £1 115. 6d. to 
 £5 5s. ; stalls, IO 5 . 6d. ; balcony stalls, first three rows, 
 75 . 6 d., other rows 65 * ; upper circle, numbered and reserved, 
 45. ; pit, 25. 6d 
 
104 
 
 Places of Amusement. 
 
 THE ROYALTY THEATRE, Dean Street, Soho, W. 
 
 Formerly devoted to amateur performances, having been 
 originally built for Miss Kelly. It has been entirely 
 rebuilt, and is now one of the prettiest bouses in London. 
 Burlesque is the usual entertainment. Prices— Private 
 boxes, from 42s. ; stalls, 10s. ; dress circle, 6s. , boxes, 
 4s. ; pit, 2s. ; gallery, Is. 
 
 THE PRINCE OF WALES’S THEATRE, 
 Coventry Street, Haymarket, W. 
 
 Opened first as the Prince’s, this elegant theatre is now 
 devoted to comedy opera, under the management of Mr. 
 Horace Sedger. Prices — Boxes, one to three guineas ; 
 stalls, 10s. 6d. ; balcony stalls, 7s. 6d. ; balcony, 6s. ; 
 first circle, 4s. ; pit, 2s. 6d. ; gallery, Is. No fees. 
 
 THE SHAFTESBURY THEATRE, 
 Shaftesbury Avenue, W., 
 
 Under the proprietorship of Mr. J. Lancaster. Prices— 
 Orchestra stalls, 10s. ; balcony stalls, 6s. ; upper circle, 
 numbered and reserved 3s. ; pit, 2s. ; amphitheatre, Is. 6d. 
 
 THE GAIETY THEATRE 
 
 Is one of the prettiest theatres in London, and certainly 
 the most comfortable. Madame Sarah Bernhardt, the 
 
Places of Amusement. 105 
 
 gifted French actress, performs here occasionally. It is 
 located in the Strand, and is very popular. Burlesque is 
 the main feature here, and matinees for the purpose of 
 introducing new actors and actresses are frequent. Prices 
 - — Boxes, one to four guineas ; orchestra stalls, 10s. 6d . ; 
 balcony stalls, 7s. 6 d . ; upper boxes, 4s. ; pit, 2s. ; gallery, 
 Is. No fees. 
 
 THE GABBICK THEATBE, Charing Cross Boad, 
 
 Under the management of Mr. John Hare (the Proprietor). 
 Orchestra stalls, 10s. ; balcony stalls, Gs. ; upper circle, 
 reserved, 3s. ; pit, 2s. 
 
 THE GLOBE THEATBE 
 
 Is in Newcastle Street, Strand. The performances con- 
 sist mostly of opera bouffe and comedy. Prices — Boxes, 
 one to three guineas : stalls, 10s. 6d. ; dress circle, 6s. ; 
 upper boxes, 3s. ; pit, 2s. ; gallery, Is. No fees. 
 
 TOOLE’S THEATBE, King William Street, Strand, 
 W.C. 
 
 This theatre (late the Folly) is under the management 
 of Mr. Toole, the comedian. The house has been much 
 enlarged and rebuilt. Comedy and burlesque are the 
 main features. Prices — Private boxes, 52s. 6d. and 63s. ; 
 stalls, 10s. ; lower circle, 4s. and 6s. ; upper circle an 
 boxes, 3s. ; pit, 2s. 6d. ; gallery, Is. 
 
io 6 
 
 Places of Amusement. 
 
 THE VAUDEVILLE, Strand, W.C., 
 
 Is under the management of Mr. T. Thorne, who 
 selected as his assistants some of the most favourite 
 actors and actresses of the day. Revivals of the old 
 comedies, which are alike well mounted and acted, are 
 often to be seen here. Prices — Private boxes, 42s. ; 
 
 stalls, 10s. ; balcony stalls, 6s. ; boxes, 4s, ; upper circle, 
 2s. 6d . ; pit, 2s. ; gallery Is. 
 
 THE SUBREY THEATRE, Blackfriars Road, S.E., 
 
 Is the principal place of amusement on the Surrey side 
 of the river, and is devoted to melodrama and its con- 
 comitants. It is under the management of Mr. Conquest. 
 Prices — Private boxes, 10s, 6d. to 42 s. ; orchestra stalls, 
 3s. and 3s. 6d. ; dress circle, 2s. and 2s. 6d. ; boxes. 
 Is. 6d . ; pit stalls, Is. ; pit, 6d. ; gallery, id. 
 
 SANGER’S AMPHITHEATRE (late Astley’s), 
 Westminster Bridge Road, S.E. 
 
 Shades of Astley and Ducrow, what a change ! 
 Although strangely suggestive of the /‘horse opera” 
 and sawdust, this is nevertheless a well-conducted 
 house. Messrs. Sanger are the lessees. The dramatic 
 fare provided here in the course of a year is somewhat 
 miscellaneous. Prices — Private boxes, two to six 
 guineas ; dress circle, is . ; orchestra stalls, 2*. 6d. ; 
 
 boxes, 25. : pit, Is. ; gallery, 6d. 
 
Places of Amusement. 
 
 107 
 
 STANDARD THEATRE, Bishopsgate. 
 
 “ Star ” companies and strong drama are usually to be 
 mot with here, the sole proprietor being Mr. A. Melville. 
 Prices — Boxes, one to three guineas ; orchestra stalls, 45. ; 
 balcony, 35. ; first circle, 25. Q>d. ; lower circle, 2s. ; 
 upper boxes and pit stalls, Is. 6d. ; pit, 6d. ; gallory, 4 d. 
 
 NEW SADLER’S WELLS THEATRE, St. John Street 
 Road, E.C., 
 
 Once the chosen home of Grimaldi, the famous clown, 
 and of all sea pieces and aquatic shows, the New River 
 itself being pressed into its service. It is now known 
 for domestic dramas and kindred plays. Prices — Private 
 boxes, 105. 6d. to 425. ; stalls, 35. ; dress circle, 25. 6d. ; 
 boxes, 15. 6d. ; pit, 15. ; gallery, 6d. 
 
 BRITANNIA THEATRE, HOXTON, N., 
 
 The home of melodrama, the bill being changed weekly. 
 Managed by Mrs. Sara Lane. Prices — Stage boxes, 25.; 
 boxes and stalls, 15. ; pit and and box slips, 6d. ; gallery, 3d. 
 
 Other theatres are to be found in London, notably the 
 Elephant and Castle, New Kent Road ; the Pavilion, at 
 Whitechapel ; and the Marylebone, near the Edgwaro 
 Road. 
 
io8 
 
 Places of Amusement. 
 
 ST. GEORGE’S HALL, Langham Place, W. 
 
 Occupied by Mr. and Mrs. German Reed, who, in 
 conjunction with an excellent company, give some very 
 charming musical sketches. Open on Mondays, Wed- 
 nesday, and Fridays in the evening, and on Tuesdays, 
 Thursdays, and Saturdays in the afternoon. Prices from 
 Is. to. 5s. 
 
 HENGLER’S CIRQUE, Argyll Place, W., 
 
 The home of high-class horsemanship and scenes in 
 the arena. Open from November till April. Prices from 
 Is. to 30s. 
 
 The performances at the theatres, as a general rule, 
 commence from seven to eight ; those at the opera at eight 
 or half-past eight. Reserved seats are retained for the 
 whole evening, and can be had for any of the various 
 respectable places of amusement by giving notice to 
 Keith, Prows and Co.’s “ Langham” box office in the 
 east corridor of the hotel. Most of the theatres have 
 abolished all fees. All the principal places of amuse- 
 ment on the north side of the river can be reached by 
 cab from the Langham Hotel for Is. for two persons. 
 
Places of Amusement. 
 
 109 
 
 CONCERTS AND OTHER 
 ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 To the enthusiastic in music, London, during the 
 season, presents^ unbounded attractions. Hither crowds 
 talent of every clime, seeking the metropolitan stamp, 
 without which no artist can he considered famous ; and 
 here more than anywhere else, can the lover of classical 
 music indulge his taste for that higher style of compo- 
 sition which demands great skill on the part of the 
 executant and great predilection on the part of the 
 hearer. Of the numerous societies established to cater 
 to this taste, the Philharmonic and the New Philharmonic 
 are the most famous and most fashionable. The Mon- 
 day Popular Concerts, the Saturday Popular Con- 
 certs, the Wednesday Ballad Concerts, and the Saturday 
 Afternoon Concerts at the Crystal Palace, are one and 
 all distinguished and literally “ popular,” whilst Har- 
 monic Societies and Oratorio Concerts continually invite 
 the patronage of the lovers of sacred music. Concerts, 
 both sacred and secular, are also given on a grand scale 
 at the Royal Albert Hall, Kensington Gore. For those 
 more secular in their taste a host of candidates for public 
 favour are constantly presenting themselves, not the 
 least of them being our sable friends, “ The Moore and 
 Burgess Minstrels,” at the St. James’s Hall, Regent 
 
no Places of A m usement . 
 
 Street, and the Mohawks, at the Agricultural Hall, 
 Islington, who both give good entertainments. 
 
 THE ROYAL AQUARIUM, Westminster, 
 
 In the Broad Sanctuary, a large establishment, where a 
 more or less varied entertainment can be enjoyed. 
 
 Chief among the London Music Halls, &c. rank— 
 
 THE ALHAMBRA PALACE, Leicester Square, W.C. 
 
 Variety Entertainment. A grand Ballet, mounted on a 
 most extravagant scale, is the principal attraction here, 
 while the orchestra is one of the best in London. Tho 
 theatre has lately been rebuilt after destruction by fire. 
 Prices — Boxes, 21s. to 52s. fid. ; fauteuils, 3s. and 5s. ; 
 grand circle, 3s. ; balcony stalls and promenade, 2s. ; pit 
 and promenade, Is. ; gallery, 6d. 
 
 THE EMPIRE PALACE, Leicester Square, W.C., 
 Where there is always to be found a good entertainment. 
 
 THE OXFORD, at the east end of Oxford Street, W. 
 
 Music is the specialty here. The company is always 
 a good one, and the admission ranges from Is. upwards ; 
 the usual concomitants, beer and tobacco, being an extra. 
 
Places of Amusement. 1 1 1 
 
 \ 
 
 THE LONDON PAVILION, at the corner of Shaftes* 
 bury Avenue, and near Piccadilly Circus, 
 
 Is something of the same character, the performances 
 being more varied. 
 
 THE TIVOLI, Strand, W.C. 
 
 The latest addition to this class of entertainment. * 
 
 THE TROCADERO, Shaftesbury Avenue. 
 
 Under the name of the Argyll Rooms this place of 
 entertainment was at one time a resort much frequented 
 by those who added a dance to their other amusements, but 
 has recently been added to the list of Music Halls, 
 
 THE ROYAL, High Holborn, W.C. 
 
 This has lately been rebuilt, and is now one of the 
 most comfortable halls in London. 
 
 THE CANTERBURY, Westminster Bridge Road, S.E. 
 
 This is, perhaps, the best hall on the Surrey side, and 
 one of the finest in London. A novelty here is the sliding 
 roof which on hot summer nights is taken off. The 
 entertainment is usually of a good class. 
 
 THE METROPOLITAN, Edgware Road, W. 
 
 This is also one of the better class music halls, gene- 
 rally with a good company, including a well-executed 
 ballet. 
 
1 1 2 Places of Amusement, 
 
 There are many others of like character in the various 
 districts of the metropolis, each of them noted for some 
 peculiarity or special feature of decoration or habitues ; 
 hut as they all rank lower than those already named, it 
 will be needless to describe them. For those who like 
 a dance there are abundant opportunities all over the 
 capital, one among them being the Cavendish Eooms, 
 in Mortimer Street, where assemblies are held every 
 Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday. They are highly 
 respectable. 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL HALL, Islington, N., 
 
 Which has recently been much enlarged, and where the 
 Smithfield Club Cattle Show, the Horse and Dairy Shows, 
 and various other entertainments and exhibitions re- 
 quiring large spaco are given. 
 
 OLYMPIA, Kensington. 
 
 This, the largest hall in the kingdom, recently erected 
 as the National Agricultural Hall, near the Addison 
 Road Station, where a number of different exhibitions 
 and shows have been held. 
 
 MADAME TUSSAUD’S EXHIBITION, 
 Marylebone Road, N.W., 
 
 Lately removed from Baker Street. This time-honoured 
 exhibition, now more than a century old, is one of the 
 sights of the metropolis that few strangers would like 
 to miss. It was first established by M. Curtius, a well- 
 
Places of Amusement, 113 
 
 known art connoisseur in the Palais Royal at Paris, and 
 was niuch patronized by the unfortuate Louis XYI. 
 and the Royal Family of France ; indeed, at that time 
 the art of modelling in wax was considered a fashionable 
 accomplishment. Madame Elizabeth, the King’s sister, 
 engaged Madame Tussaud, the niece of M. Curtius, to 
 instruct her in the art. Accordingly, Madame Tussaud 
 spent a great portion of her time at the Tuileries and at 
 Versailles, where she had the best opportunities afforded 
 her of becoming acquainted with the nobility and talent 
 of the French court, besides being occupied executing 
 many commissions. A few specimens of her talent are 
 still to he seen in the collection, the most admirable, in 
 our opinion, being the portrait-model of the famous wit 
 and author, Voltaire, The exhibition now consists of 
 more than three hundred portrait-models of Kings and 
 Queens, Presidents, Statesmen, distinguished Generals 
 and Admirals, Poets, and Actors ; in short, numberless 
 effigies of celebrities and notorieties, these last being 
 shown in a dismal room by themselves, appropriately 
 termed the “Chamber of Horrors,” a room unmatched 
 throughout the world. Here is to he seen perhaps the 
 most extraordinary relic extant of the terrible French 
 Revolution, namely, the knife of the original guillotine 
 used for the decapitation of Louis XVI., Mary Antoi- 
 nette, and the best and worst blood of France. The relics 
 of the Great Emperor Napoleon will, however, be viewed, 
 in what is termed the Golden Chamber, with far more 
 interest. From the period of his consulate to his exile 
 in St. Helena, mementoes of every remarkable epoch of 
 
1 14 Places of Amusement. 
 
 this great warrior’s life have been carefully galhered. 
 The likenesses of American celebrities are capable of 
 improvement, in some respects, but we do not like to 
 criticise when there is so much to be praised. The 
 exhibition is popular, and we advise our visitors not to 
 miss this highly interesting Walhalla. 
 
 THE EGYPTIAN HALL, Piccadilly, W., 
 Generally offers varied and attractive exhibitions of an 
 instructive kind. It is usually considered the home of 
 magic, Messrs. Maskelyne and Cook giving here twice 
 daily some very good entertainments, including an expose 
 of spiritualism. 
 
 ST. JAMES’S HALL, Regent Street, W., 
 
 Is devoted to the higher-class concerts, at which may be 
 heard the most famous vocalists and instrumentalists of 
 the day. The Moore and Burgess Minstrels hold their 
 revels in one of the halls ; and usually during the season 
 many other entertainments are to be found here. 
 
 PRINCES’ HALL, Piccadilly, W. 
 
 A large number of high class concerts, tableaux, 
 lectures, and halls are held here during the season, and 
 the Hall enjoys the frequent patronage of the Prince of 
 Wales and other members of the Royal Family. 
 
 THE ANNIVERSARIES 
 
 Of the Sons of the Clergy at St. Paul’s in May, and 
 various other festivals held in the same building, are 
 sights well worth seeing, being sai generis , and not to be 
 seen elsewhere. 
 
THE PARKS AND GARDENS. 
 
 As every writer on or about London has remarked, these 
 are “the lungs of the city,” and to a great metropolis 
 like this their value can be best appreciated by the 
 residents therein, whose jealous watch over these green 
 spots cannot be too w T armly praised. Happily, of late 
 years, they have been largely increased, many of the 
 disused burial-grounds being converted into public 
 gardens. The first open space to commend itself by its 
 age and beauty is 
 
 ST. JAMES’S PARK. 
 
 On the borders of this stand the present royal resi- 
 dences, St. James’s Palace, Buckingham Palace, and 
 Marlborough House, besides many of the most beautiful 
 and celebrated public buildings. The park comprises 
 eighty-three acres, within which space are charming 
 w T alks, a picturesque lake, and splendid trees. In the 
 water are constantly disporting many beautiful specimens 
 of the web-footed tribe, attracting the idle and children, 
 who find great amusement in feeding them. The flower 
 beds are also admirable. 
 
ii6 
 
 The Parks and Gardens. 
 
 THE GREEN PARK 
 
 Is almost a continuation of St. James’s, a portion only 
 of the Mall separating them. Something smaller, being 
 only seventy -one acres in extent, it is also less attrac- 
 tive, its surroundings proving of more interest than the 
 park itself. On the east side are situated some of the 
 best houses in the West End, chief among them being 
 Stafford House, the residence of the Duke of Sutherland ; 
 Bridgwater House, belonging to the Earl of Ellesmere ; 
 and Spencer House, the residence of Earl Spencer ; 
 and in St. James’s Place, and overlooking the park, 
 stands the house of the late Samuel Rogers, banker and 
 poet. Constitution Hill, which runs on the west side of 
 this park, was the spot where Sir Robert Peel was thrown 
 from his horse and killed in 1850. 
 
 HYDE PARK. 
 
 Of all the choice spots in the English capital this is, 
 perhaps, the finest and most noted. Intertwined with 
 some of the most remarkable incidents of history and 
 romance, it is alike the trysting-place of the highest and 
 the lowest. At times the “ high change ” of the most 
 aristocratic, it also serves for the assignations of the most 
 debased. Entered by a handsome gateway from Picca- 
 dilly, on the left you have “ Rotten Row,” stretching off 
 in the distance through a portion of Kensington Gardens ; 
 
The Parks and Garde?is. I x 7 
 
 whilst in front is the famed “ Drive ” and “ Ladies’ 
 Mile,” which go to form the lines which stretch through 
 the whole park, finishing on the right near where it 
 begins, passing on its way between double lines of hand- 
 some old trees, along the borders of the placid Serpentine, 
 amid charmingly devised beds of choice flowers, sweeping 
 by the Marble Arch, and past the base of the bronzo 
 statue of Achilles erected by the ladies of England, to 
 perpetuate the memory of the “ Iron Duke.” During 
 the season (May to August), between eleven and one 
 o’clock, hundreds of ladies and gentlemen, mounted on 
 the finest horses in the world, throng Rotten Row ; 
 whilst in the afternoon, from half-past five to seven 
 o’clock all the elite of London society may be seen driving 
 in magnificent equipages. On the bosom of the tranquil 
 stream or Serpentine River float hundreds of tiny vessels 
 impelled by favouring breezes, or scores of sharp-nosed 
 canoes, urged by the uncertain stroke of the incipient 
 oarsman or woman, as the case may be, and now and then 
 disturbed by the heavy paw of the clumsy Newfoundland 
 or rapid beat of the yelping terrier. In the distance 
 “ to the front of you,” looms up, in graceful grandeur, 
 Kensington Palace, surrounded by its charming gardens, 
 and shaded by its grand old trees, while on the left rise 
 the tall golden spire of the Albert Memorial, a most 
 gorgeous structure, and the grand dome of the Albert 
 Hall. Kensington Gardens, though separated by a wall 
 and ditch, once formed part and parcel of the park ; but 
 Queen Caroline, desiring more extensive grounds, cut 
 them off the main plot by enclosing them nearly as they 
 
Ii8 The Parks and Gardens . 
 
 stand at present. On the south side of the park, within 
 the railings, stood the world-renowned Exhibition of 
 1851, removed to Sydenham, and known as the Crystal 
 Palace ; and not far distant is the memorial to the good and 
 great Prince Albert, referred to above. On Sundays the 
 park and gardens are thronged with the better classes of 
 tradespeople, the gentry and nobility studiously avoiding 
 them save on foot, or as birds of passage flitting through. 
 The number of acres comprising this park is 388, exclusive 
 of Kensington Gardens. 
 
 Facing the Langham, and less than half a mile distant, 
 stretches 
 
 REGENT’S PARK, 
 
 With its 400 acres, its villas, terraces, and gardens facing 
 it, and its lakes, shrubberies, and splendid flower walks pre- 
 sent a striking feature. Skirted on three sides by handsome 
 rows of buildings, it is bounded on the north by the 
 Regent’s Canal, the patronymic, like that of Regent 
 Street, being derived from George IV. when Regent- 
 On the north are situated the Zoological Gardens, whilst 
 near the centre are found the Botanical Gardens (to both 
 of which cards of admission can usually be obtained on 
 application to the manager of the Langham Hotel) and 
 the grounds of the Toxophilite Society. From the front 
 of the Langham, the visitor, on a clear day, can see the 
 whole length of the Long Walk, and the high ground 
 beyond known as Primrose Hill. Of all the parks of 
 
The Parks and Gardens. 119 
 
 London this is, perhaps, the most beautiful, and the few 
 private houses permitted within its precincts by no means 
 detract from its charms. The sheet of water so skilfully 
 introduced adds much to the scenery, and the several 
 private gardens are quite worthy of their names and asso- 
 ciations. St. Hunstan’s Villa, at the head of the lake, was 
 built for the late Marquis of Hertford, and near it are the 
 mansion and observatory of Mr. Bishop, a name well 
 known to astronomers. 
 
 PRIMROSE HILL, 
 
 Just beyond Regent’s Park, this is a large open space 
 belonging to the Crown, one of the loftiest spots near 
 the metropolis, and one from which a beautiful view of 
 the surrounding neighbourhood can bo obtained on a fino 
 day. 
 
 Situated some four miles direct east, in the district 
 known as Bethnal Green, is the People’s, or 
 
 VICTORIA PARK, 
 
 So named in the honour of Her Majesty the Queen, during 
 whose reign it has been laid out and opened for the 
 public. It comprises an area of 265 acres, and has the 
 most magnificent public fountain in London, built by the 
 Baroness Burdett-Coutts at an expense of £5,000. The 
 park is well planned, and possesses three fine sheets of 
 water, on which many pleasure boats are always kept 
 ready. Hear it is the very excellent French Hospice, 
 
120 
 
 The Parks and Gardens , 
 
 erected by some distinguished French families for the 
 succour of Protestant refugees. 
 
 In the south-west of the metropolis is 
 
 BATTERSEA PARK, 
 
 Formerly Battersea Fields, situated on the right or south 
 bank of the Thames, and containing 180 acres. It has 
 already cost over £300,000. It is laid out with great 
 taste, and possesses a large sheet of water, so indispen- 
 sable to rural scenery, besides some very fine tropical 
 gardens. On one of the fields now converted took place 
 the duel between the Duke of Wellington and Lord 
 Winchelsea. Two iron suspension bridges over the 
 Thames gives access to it from the left bank of the river. 
 It is also noteworthy as being the only park situated 
 immediately on the river side. The Sub-Tropical Garden 
 of four acres should by all means be visited. Facing the 
 park, on the opposite bank, stands the Chelsea Hospital for 
 old soldiers. 
 
 KENNINGTON PARK, 
 
 The scene of the Chartist meetings in 1848, when it 
 was known as Kennington Common, now takes rank as 
 an exceedingly pretty and convenient breathing space for 
 the neighbouring residents. It is not very large, as 
 parks go ; but, situated in the midst of a dense popula- 
 tion, it was a much-needed improvement. Some well 
 laid out flower beds are usually to be found here. 
 
The Parks a?id Gardens . 
 
 I 2 I 
 
 FINSBURY PARK, 
 
 (120 acres), between Holloway and Seven Sisters’ Road. 
 This park formerly consisted of the Hornsey Wood, and as 
 it stands on high ground some very fine views can be 
 obtained from its centre, notably of the Alexandra Palace, 
 Hendon, and Luton. The carpet bedding here is very fine, 
 and every October a show of chrysanthemums is held in the 
 park, the admission to which is free. 
 
 SOUTHWARK PARK (62 acres), Rotherhithe. 
 
 This park, though small, is of inestimable value to the 
 crowded neighbourhood in which it is situated. 
 
 KENSINGTON GARDENS 
 
 Form one of the most attractive lounges in or near London : 
 they comprise about 600 acres, although in the time of 
 William III. they only numbered some twenty-six acres. 
 As Hyde Park is almost devoted to horses and vehicles, so 
 are the Gardens more exclusively reserved for humanity, 
 none but pedestrians being allowed entrance ; and on a fair 
 day numbers avail themselves of the privilege to lounge in 
 this delightful retreat, as far removed from the noise and 
 bustle of its surroundings as if it were in the heart of a 
 forest. Divided into three avenues converging from the 
 palace, the coup d'ocil looking towards its base is pleasing 
 
122 
 
 The Parks a7id Gardens. 
 
 and romantic, and under its wide-spreading trees on a 
 warm day, hundreds may be seen enjoying the grateful 
 shade and the magnificence of the flower-beds, which are 
 among the very best in London, the floriculturist’s art 
 having here attained to the very highest perfection. 
 
 The other suburbs also rejoice in several well-constructed 
 and carefully kept parks and commons, notably Clapham, 
 Peckham, Camberwell, and Hampstead. 
 
 GREENWICH PARK, 
 
 In the town of that name, just behind the celebrated 
 Hospital, which no stranger should miss visiting, comprises 
 about 200 acres, in which the natural and artificial are 
 allied with grand effect. On the summit of the mount 
 stands the world-renowned Observatory, from which most 
 of the English-speaking world takes its distance and re- 
 gulates its time. From this point a fine view of London 
 and the surrounding country can be had. It is about five 
 miles from Charing Cross, and can be easily reached by 
 rail or road. In a very opposite direction lies 
 
 RICHMOND PARK, 
 
 About nine miles from the City. This is a royal park in 
 every sense of tho word, its extort being eight miles in 
 
The Parks and Gardens . 
 
 123 
 
 circumference, and over 2,200 acres in area. It has many 
 fine old trees, and is a most agreeable spot to while away 
 a sultry afternoon, preparatory to a good dinner at the 
 celebrated Star and Garter. The late Earl Bussell died 
 at Pembroke Lodge. 
 
 KEW GABDENS 
 
 Are situated six to seven miles from Hyde Park Corner, on 
 the hanks of the Thames, and can be reached by boat, by 
 the South Western Bailway, or from any of the Under- 
 ground stations. They are only open, however, from 
 twelve o’clock on week-days and one o’clock on Sundays. 
 They belong to the Crown, and are under official super- 
 vision. Divided into the “Botanic Gardens” and the 
 “ Pleasure Ground,” they are tempting alike to the lounger 
 and the student. The greatest attraction of the first is the 
 huge palm house, over 60 feet in height, filled with the 
 most valuable exotics. A new “temperate house” has 
 been erected, 212 feet long, 137 wide, and 60 feet high, 
 with two wings 112 by 62 feet. The whole extent of the 
 grounds is over 300 acres, and there is not a more beautiful 
 spot to he found, some of the finest — if not the finest — 
 flowers being grown. Almost every known plant is here, 
 and some of them are as gigantic as they are rare. A fine 
 Botanical Museum is filled with vegetable products useful 
 in the arts and manufactures. Half a million of people 
 visit these gardens annually. 
 
124 
 
 The Parks and Gardens. 
 
 LORD’S CRICKET GROUND, 
 
 St. John’s Wood Road, 
 
 Should by all means be visited during the cricketing 
 season, especially on the day of a grand match — such as 
 between Oxford and Cambridge, Eton and Harrow, or the 
 Gentlemen and Players of the Marylebone Cricket Club. 
 The charge for admission is sixpence (on great days one 
 shilling and two shillings and sixpence), and on great field 
 days thousands of persons congregate to see the finish, the 
 female element being largely represented, the lawn on 
 these occasions representing very much the appearance of 
 a huge picnic. There is also a fine ground at the Kenning- 
 ton Oval, on the south side of the river, where some first- 
 class matches are frequently played. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS, INSTITUTIONS, &c. 
 
 THE BANK OF ENGLAND. 
 
 This Bank was founded in 1694, and the business carried 
 on in the Grocers’ Hall till 1736, when it was removed to 
 present site. Its founder was a Scotchman named William 
 Paterson, who left as a legacy a law that no Scotchman 
 should ever be permitted to act as director. The present 
 building, situated in the heart of the City, covering an area 
 of four acres, is wholly devoid of architectural attraction, 
 though its proportions are very massive. Its affairs are 
 managed by a Governor, owner of stock to the amount of 
 £4,000, Deputy-Governor with £3,000 stock, and twenty- 
 four Directors with £2,000 stock each, eight of whom 
 retire annually. The profits accrue from interest on 
 Exchequer bills, discounts, interest on Government loans, 
 and allowance for managing the public debt, &c. About 
 nine hundred clerks are employed, and their salaries range 
 from £70 to £1,200, the whole amount exceeding £216,000. 
 A fine library for their instruction is on the premises. The 
 Bank has the monopoly of issuing notes, the lowest amount 
 being five pounds. In 1696 it suspended specie payments 
 for a short time, and 100 years later it declined to redeem 
 its issue in coin for nearly twenty -five years. The present 
 circulation is about twenty-five millions, and no note is 
 ever re-issued. The printing and numbering of the notes 
 are done on the premises by machinery, as is the weighing 
 of the coin — one of the most interesting sights in the 
 
126 Public Buildings > Institutions , cW. 
 
 building, being so perfect that in an instant a bad coin is 
 detected with unerring certainty. A detachment of the 
 Guards is on duty here every evening. To view the 
 interior an order must be obtained from one of the 
 Governors or Directors. The public rooms, halls, rotunda, 
 &c,, are free to the public any day except holidays. 
 
 THE GENERAL POST-OFFICE. 
 
 An imposing structure in the Ionic style, and standing 
 near St. Paul’s Cathedral, at the corner of Cheapside and 
 St. Martin’ s-le- Grand, was built in 1829 from plans by 
 Sir Robert Smirke. This establishment, the central office 
 of the kingdom, is the scene of a most extraordinary rush 
 every evening about six o’clock, especially on Fridays — a 
 scene that can also be witnessed on a smaller scalo at the 
 branch office in Lombard Street. 
 
 Large as the present building is, it was not large 
 enough for the demands of the constantly increasing 
 service. An immense building opposite was added as the 
 headquarters of the telegraphic system in connection 
 with the General Post-Office. This even, notwithstanding 
 a large addition upwards, is found insufficient to meet 
 the growing requirements, and, as a consequence, more 
 ground has had to be taken for a further extension. 
 Permission must be obtained to go over these buildings, 
 and if the favour is accorded the visit will prove of the 
 greatest possible interest. 
 
 THE ROYAL MINT 
 
 Is situated on Tower Hill, and in it the coinage of the 
 kingdom is assayed and struck, while many of the war 
 
Public Buildings, Institutions, &*c. 127 
 
 medals are also made here from time to time, notably 
 the Victoria Cross, awarded only “For Conspicuous 
 Bravery The building is large and neatly constructed, 
 having a centre and two wings. It is under the direction 
 of a Master (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) and a 
 Deputy-Master, the former position having been held by 
 Sir Isaac Newton. Very stringent regulations are 
 enforced in regard to admission, application having to be 
 made to the Master in writing, giving the name and 
 address of the applicant, and the precise number of his 
 party, which is not to exceed six in all. If the applicant 
 is a foreigner he must be accredited by the diplomatic or 
 consular agent of his nation. The order, when received, 
 is not transferable. To any one curious in machinery 
 the inspection is worth the trouble to obtain admission. 
 
 THE CUSTOM HOUSE, 
 
 Between London Bridge and the Tower, is the sixth 
 building constructed for the purpose on the same site. 
 The principal apartment, called the Long Boom, is 190 
 feet long by 60 feet wide. Nearly one-half the entire 
 receipts of the Customs are taken here ; and 2,200 persons 
 are employed in and round it. It is conducted by a 
 Board of Commissioners, who are under the control of 
 the Treasury. In front of the building is a terrace of 
 elegant proportions, open to the public, and from which 
 a view of the river and shipping can he obtained. 
 Opposite to the entrance is the Coal Exchange, which 
 will well rr.pr.y a visit. 
 
128 Public Buildings, Institutions, &c. 
 
 THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 
 
 A noble quadrangular building, with colonnade and open 
 court in the centre, standing opposite to the Bank of 
 England. It is built on the site of the original 
 “ Bourse,” founded by Sir Thomas Gresham, and opened 
 by Queen Elizabeth, which was destroyed in the Great 
 Fire in 1666. The succeeding structure, finished in 
 1C69, was also destroyed by fire in 1838. In 1842 the 
 foundation-stone of the present handsome edifice was 
 laid by Prince Albert, and in 1844 it was formally opened 
 by Her Majesty the Queen in person. The ground on 
 which it stands is of an irregular shape, being 119 feet 
 wide at one extremity, and 175 feet at the other, with a 
 length of 308 feet. The open court is 111 feet by 53 
 feet. Several statues of distinguished merchants grace 
 its niches. It has a peal of bells, fifteen in number ; 
 but as some of them are cracked, the sounds are not 
 harmonious, while, fortunately, they are but seldom 
 heard. The clock takes its time from the Greenwich 
 Observatory. On the ground floor of the exterior are a 
 number of shops which greatly disfigure the building, 
 however convenient they may be from a mercantile point 
 of view. On the principal or first story is to be found 
 the celebrated “ Lloyd’s,” where Underwriters “ most do 
 congregate” in a splendid hall 100 feet long by 48 feet 
 wide. There is also another noble hall, 80 feet long, 
 which is intended as a sort of a commercial club -room for 
 strangers visiting London on business purposes. “ High 
 Change” generally takes place from half-past three to 
 half-past four, the two principal days being Tuesday and 
 
Public buildings, Institutions , &*c. 129 
 
 Friday, when the most distinguished merchants and 
 brokers of the City will be found here, 
 
 GUILDHALL, King Street, Cheapsiae, 
 
 The seat of the municipal government, and meeting 
 place for all civic purposes — chief among them the City 
 feasts — was commenced in 1411 by the contributions of 
 the numerous guilds or companies, and carried to com- 
 pletion by grants on various occasions, until it has been 
 made to resemble a little of everything and every age, 
 though, as a whole, it is a somewhat handsome structure. 
 The grand hall is 153 feet long and 48 feet wide, with a 
 height of 55 feet. The two famed giants, Gog and 
 Magog, set up here in 1708, look down with grim satis- 
 faction from one* end of this great apartment, while 
 handsome statuary and an old painting are likewise to be 
 found. The other portions of the building are occupied 
 by the Library, the Museum (both open free daily to 
 the public), and various Courts of Law, in some of which 
 are paintings and statuary by Copley, Chantrey, and 
 others. In the Library one of the greatest curiosities is 
 Shakspeare’s signature to a deed of conveyance, for 
 which the Corporation paid at an auction the sum of £147. 
 
 THE HERALDS’ COLLEGE, Queen Victoria Street, E.C. 
 
 This is a time-honoured institution, of interest to the 
 stranger, from its association with events and persons 
 distinguished in history. In its museum are many his- 
 torical curiosities of great value. To search the records 
 entails a fee of £1, and to procure a coat of arms costs at 
 the least £10 IOj. 
 
 F 
 
130 Public Buildings, Institutions , cW. 
 
 THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNITED 
 KINGDOM, THE COLONIES AND INDIA 
 Is destined to perpetuate the national acknowledgment 
 of the Jubilee of Queen Victoria’s reign, by illustrating 
 the industrial and commercial resources of the Colonies and 
 India, and to diffuse throughout the United Kingdom a 
 knowledge of their present condition and continued pro- 
 gress, also to afford to all classes of Her Majesty’s subjects 
 opportunities of becoming acquainted with the developments 
 during the Queen’s reign, with the actual condition, and 
 with the further progress of the resources, natural, indus- 
 trial and commercial, of the United Kingdom itself ; and 
 by actively promoting technical and higher commercial 
 education, to advance the industrial and commercial pros- 
 perity of the country. 
 
 The Institute is situated at South Kensington in what is 
 now to be called the 4 4 Imperial Institute Road,” and was 
 a part of the site of the various exhibitions commencing in 
 1883 with the Fisheries, and ending in 1886 with the Colonial 
 and Indian Exhibition. The building, which is not yet 
 complete, is to have a three hundred yard frontage, from 
 designs by Mr. Thos. Colcutt, F.R.I.B.A., and will, it is 
 felt certain, form a striking addition to the attractions of 
 London. It may be mentioned that the 4 4 foundation ” 
 or 44 corner-stone ” as our Transatlantic brethern prefer to 
 name it, is a huge block of granite from Cape Colony, and 
 stands on a pedestal of Indian bricks. II.R.H. the 
 Prince of Wales is President of a powerful and representative 
 temporary governing body, with Sir F. Abel, C.B.,D.C,L., 
 &c., as secretary, and Sir Somers Vine, F.R.G.S., &c. f as 
 assistant -secretary. 
 
CHAPTER X, 
 
 SCIENTIFIC AND LEARNED SOCIETIES. 
 
 To the scientific stranger London presents great attraction 
 in its many learned institutions and colleges, Chief among 
 them is 
 
 THE ROYAL SOCIETY, 
 
 Formerly located in Somerset House, it is now definitely 
 removed to Burlington House, Piccadilly. This noble 
 institution, the oldest of its kind in Europe, was founded 
 about 1645 by Sir Robert Morny, Lord Brouncker, and 
 Dr. Ward, “ for the prosecution of experimental philo- 
 sophy.” Charles II. and his brother, the Duke of York, 
 were subsequently enrolled as members, and the Society 
 obtained its Charter on the 22nd of April, 1662. Later 
 associates were Newton, Wren, Halley, Herschel, Davy 
 and Watt. It is related of the first-mentioned that, 
 although the weekly subscription was but one shilling, “ he 
 was forced to ask to be excused.” In 1703 he was elected 
 president, and re-elected twenty-four times ! This Society 
 at present numbers over 750 members, who are entitled to 
 those mystical affixes, F.R.S., a privilege costing them £10 
 
132 Scientific and Learned Societies . 
 
 entrance and £4 annual subscription ; £60 making them 
 life members. They are elected by ballot, on nomination 
 by six or more “ Fellows,” three of whom must know the 
 candidate personally, and he must have the assent of two- 
 thirds of the voters to elect him. The meetings are held 
 every Thursday, at half -past eight, from November to 
 June, The library, consisting almost exclusively of scien- 
 tific publications, amounts to about 50,000 volumes, 
 
 THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. 
 
 This Society had apartments in Somerset House, but of 
 late years has been settled in Burlington House. The 
 Society was originally founded in 1572 by Archbishop 
 Parker, “with the object of preserving such ancient his- 
 torical and other documents as, by the recent dissolution of 
 religious houses and the devastations committed at the 
 period, were placed in jeopardy.” The first organization 
 lasted until 1604, when it was broken up. It was again 
 revived in 1707, when its members met “ upon pain of 
 forfeiture of sixpence.” In 1751 George II. granted the 
 Society a charter, and subsequently George III. gave them 
 apartments in Somerset House. Members are elected by 
 ballot on the recommendation of three Fellows. The 
 entrance fee is £5 6s., and the annual subscription £2 2s. 
 Members are entitled to add F.S.A. to their names. The 
 days of meeting are every Thursday, at eight o’clock, from 
 November to June. Among the curiosities of their library 
 are some very old and scarce books, maps, &c. 
 
Scientific and Learned Societies. 
 
 *33 
 
 THE EOYAL INSTITUTION OF GBEAT BKITAIN, 
 
 With a library, reading, and lecture-room, is situated at 
 21, Albemarle Street, Piccadilly. It was established in 
 1799. Among its earliest promoters were Sir Joseph 
 Banks, Count Eumford, and others, and it was established 
 44 for diffusing the knowledge, and facilitating the general 
 introduction of useful mechanical inventions, improve- 
 ments,” &c. ; part of the plan being to receive for public 
 exhibition in the rooms 44 all such new mechanical inventions 
 and improvements as shall be thought w T orthy of public 
 notice, especially such as tend to increase the comfort and 
 conveniences of life,” &c. Founded by members of the 
 Koyal Society, it is termed 44 the workshop of the Koyal 
 Society,” being one of its most valuable adjuncts. Its chief 
 objects are — To further scientific research ; to teach the prin- 
 ciples of inductive and experimental science ; to exhibit the 
 application of these principles to the various arts of life ; and 
 to carry out these views it has — a theatre for public lectures, 
 a laboratory, a library of over 22,000 volumes, a museum, 
 and a reading-room. Members are balloted for on the 
 first Monday of every month, two-thirds majority being 
 necessary to elect ; and the entrance fee is £b bs ., with 
 £b bs. annual subscription. Each member is entitled to 
 two admissions for strangers to the Friday evening meet- 
 ings. Strangers may become subscribers to the theatre 
 and laboratory lectures by paying £2 2s. a year for each, 
 or £3 3 s. for both. On each Friday evening some dis- 
 
134 Scientific and Learned Societies . 
 
 tinguished savant generally holds forth. Professorships 
 founded in connection have been held by such men as 
 Huxley, Owen, and Tyndall. Here the great experiments 
 of Sir Humphrey Davy, and subsequently those of Pro- 
 fessor Faraday, were brought to completion. 
 
 THE LINN2EAN SOCIETY, Burlington House, 
 
 Was founded in 1788 by Sir James E. Smith, the nucleus 
 being the collection made by Linnaeus and his son, which 
 was purchased for the sum of 1,000 guineas in 1874. 
 The collection was so materially improved and enlarged 
 by Sir Joseph Banks, Pulteney, and others, that the 
 museum is now rich in the botanical department, whilst 
 the library is stored with the best works on that branch 
 of science. Candidates must be proposed by three 
 members, and pay £6 entrance and £3 annual sub- 
 scription. Fellows may introduce their friends in 
 person (but not otherwise) both to the library and the 
 ordinary evening meetings ; they are also entitled to 
 designate themselves as F.L.S. 
 
 THE BOYAL HOBTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 
 South Kensington, 
 
 Was founded in 1804 for the promotion of scientific garden- 
 ing, the gardens have, however, been chosen as the site of 
 the Imperial Institute, and a new road has been constructed 
 
Scientific and Learned Societies . 135 
 
 through them from Prince’s Gate to Queen’s Gate, the 
 Mower Shows of the Society formerly held there are now 
 held in the drill hall of the London Scottish Rifle Volunteers, 
 James Street, Victoria, or at the Society’s experimental 
 gardens at Chiswick, the latter are open on week-days from 
 9 until sunset, and in summer on Sundays from 1 to 
 sunset. 
 
 THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Burlington House, 
 has a museum containing specimens and fossils, of not 
 only British origin, but from all quarters of the world. 
 Admission thereto may be had on the introduction of 
 members. The museum and library are open every day 
 from 11 to 5, and the Fellows meet for perusal of papers 
 and scientific discussions every alternate Wednesday 
 evening from November to June. Sir Charles Lyeli 
 formerly presided here. Entrance, £6 6s. ; annual sub- 
 scription, £3 3s. 
 
 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE. 
 
 21, Delahay Street, Westminster, 
 
 For the encouragement and promotion of general litera- 
 ture, was founded under the auspices of George IV., who 
 set apart 1,100 guineas annually for the purpose of pen- 
 sioning off ten worthy and impoverished litterateurs , 
 among whom where Coleridge, Dr. Jamieson, Dr. Malthus, 
 and others. Washington Irving was the recipient of a 
 medal from the Society. In consequence of the royal 
 patronage having been withdrawn from the Society, it 
 
136 Scientific and Learned Societies 
 
 has not flourished with the vigour it should display, but 
 it has nevertheless a fine library, and many excellent 
 papers have been contributed by eminent members. 
 Entrance fee, £3 3 s . ; annual subscription, £2 2s. 
 
 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, 
 Corner of Pall Mall East and Trafalgar Square, 
 
 Was founded by Linacre, physician to Henry VIII, , in 
 whose house the first meeting took place. It occupies a 
 very handsome building, which cost £30,000, and has an 
 excellent library of medical and surgical works, as well 
 as some fine portraits of eminent physicians. Almost 
 every medical practitioner of note in London belongs to 
 it. Diplomas for practising as physicians emanate from 
 here, to obtain which candidates undergo a very strict 
 examination. Admission for strangers is obtained on a 
 member’s order. 
 
 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OP SURGEONS, 
 Lincoln’s Inn Fields. 
 
 Tkis society, which removed here in 1800 from tne 
 Old Bailey, on obtaining a charter of incorporation, 
 grants diplomas to practising surgeons, after a strict 
 examination by a committee of the senior members, 
 The society has an excellent museum, for admission to 
 which see page 94. 
 
Scientific and Learned Societies. 
 
 137 
 
 * the incorporated law society, 
 
 Chancery Lane, 
 
 Was formed in 1823 for the purpose of providing a hall 
 for the daily resort of members of the legal profession, 
 together with a library and lecture-room, and fire-proof 
 rooms for depositing deeds and papers. The founders 
 having obtained a royal charter in 1831, the present 
 building was opened shortly after, and their intentions 
 regarding it were literally carried out. By the terms of 
 the charter this Society is constituted “ Registrar of 
 Attorneys and Solicitors,’’ and no one can practise in 
 the legal profession without obtaining its certificate. The 
 hall is open daily, furnished with suitable accommodation 
 for transacting business, with the votes and proceedings 
 of both Houses of Parliament, the morning and evening 
 papers, reviews, &c., and the library contains a splendid 
 collection of legal works. 
 
 THE LONDON INSTITUTION, Finsbury Circus, 
 
 Was established in 1806 by a number of the leading 
 bankers and merchants of the City, for the purpose of 
 providing a library of works of intrinsic merit, lectures 
 for the diffusion of useful knowledge, and a reading-room 
 for the daily papers, reviews, &c. The library is choice 
 afid expensive, and consists of over 62,000 volumes. 
 Professor Porsoii (the Greek scholar) was the first librarian. 
 
138 Scientific and Learned Societies . 
 
 Evening conversaziones are held weekly during the spring 
 season, on which occasions models and specimens of now 
 inventions are placed in the library for inspection ; a 
 lecture is also delivered in the theatre. 
 
 THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY, 
 
 17, Bloomsbury Square, 
 
 Instituted “ for the purpose of uniting the chemists and 
 druggists into one recognized and independent body, fpr 
 protecting their general interests, and for the advance- 
 ment of pharmacy,’ ’ &c., grants diplomas to apothecaries 
 and chemists after due examination. It has a library, 
 an excellent museum, and a laboratory. Lectures are 
 frequently delivered, and meetings held twice a month. 
 
 THE SOCIETY OF ARTS, John Street, Adelphi, 
 
 Has for its object the encouragement of the arts, manu- 
 factures, and commerce of the country by means of 
 exhibitions and meetings, and by bestowing honorary 
 rewards for works of merit, inventions, discoveries, and 
 improvements. To carry out this object it has expended 
 over £100,000. Great importance was given to it by the 
 patronage of H.R.II. Prince Albert during his lifetime. 
 The published Transactions of the Society fill more than 
 fifty volumes. The meetings are held every Wednesday 
 evening from November to June. 
 
Scientific and Learned Societies . 
 
 139 
 
 THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Regent’s Park 
 (Offices, 3, Hanover Square), 
 
 For the advancement of zoology and the introduction and 
 exhibition of subjects of the animal kingdom, alive or in 
 a state of preservation, have their gardens in the upper 
 part of Regent’s Park, where can he seen the finest col- 
 lection of birds and beasts in the world. These gardens 
 are open from nine to sunset ; the museum from ten to six. 
 Visitors are admitted every day except Sunday on payment 
 of an entrance fee of Is. On Sundays none are admitted 
 except by a member’s order (to be obtained on applica- 
 tion to the Manager of the Langham) . 
 
 THE ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, 
 
 Have their gardens in the Inner Circle of Regent’s Park. 
 They are beautifully laid out, and very attractive during 
 the season, when they offer splendid floral exhibitions, at 
 which a large number of valuable medals are distributed. 
 The soirees held here during the season are quite events 
 in the fashionable world. The gardens cover eighteen 
 acres, and contain a spacious conservatory capable of 
 accommodating 2,000 visitors. Members must be pro- 
 posed and balloted for. Admission for strangers can 
 only be obtained through the medium of a member, or 
 
1 40 Scientific and Learned Societies. 
 
 occasionally by an entrance fee. (Orders can sometimes 
 be obtained from the Manager of the Langham.) 
 
 The foregoing are the principal Societies of note and 
 of greatest interest to the general observer, but there are 
 many others of particular interest to the seeker after- 
 specialties, a list cf the most prominent of which is 
 subjoined : — • 
 
 The Numismatic Society, 22, Albemarle Street, W. A 
 fine collection of rare and valuable coins is to bo seen here. 
 
 The Royal Microscopical Society, King’s College, 
 Strand, W.C. 
 
 The Pathological Society, 53, Berner’s Street, W. 
 
 The Institution oe Civil Engineers, 25, Great 
 George Street, Westminster, established in 1818, and 
 incorporated in 1828, has 700 members, and a good 
 library. The meetings for business and discussion take 
 place every Tuesday evening from January to June. A 
 member has the right of introduction. 
 
 The Royal Astronomical Society, Burlington House, 
 Piccadilly, W. 
 
 The Royal Geographical Society, 1, Saville Row, 
 Burlington Gardens, W. 
 
 The Royal Institute op British Architects, 9, Con- 
 duit Street, Bond Street, W. 
 
 The Medical Society, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish 
 Square, W. 
 
Scientific and Learned Societies. 141 
 
 The Entomological Society* 11, Chandos Street, 
 Cavendish Square, W. 
 
 The Statistical Society, 9, Adelphi Terrace, Strand, 
 W.C. 
 
 The Royal Asiatic Society, 22, Albemarle Street, W. 
 
 The Sanitary Institute of Great Britain, 74, Mar- 
 garet Street, Cavendish Square, W. 
 
 The Society of Biblical Archaeology, 9, Conduit 
 Street, Bond Street, W. 
 
 The British Horological Institute, 35, Northamp- 
 ton Square, W.C. 
 
 The Geologists’ Association, University College, 
 Gower Street, W.C. Here also is situated the Flaxman 
 Gallery, containing a large number of works by that 
 distinguished artist, and to which we have alluded to at 
 page 91. 
 
 The London Dialectical Society, Langham Hall, 
 Great Portland Street, W. 
 
 As the majority of the above Associations only appeal to 
 specialists, it is unnecessary for us to enter into details 
 here. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 COURTS OF LAW, INNS, AND PRISONS. 
 
 Before the erection of the new 
 
 ROYAL COURTS OF JUSTICE 
 
 In the Strand, the several Courts were distributed about 
 the metropolis, some being in Westminster Hall and 
 others in Lincoln’s Inn. They are now all located in their 
 new quarters, and as one consequence of the change the 
 swearing in of the Lord Mayor of London takes place 
 here instead of at Westminster, as formerly. 
 
 This splendid pile of buildings was erected from designs 
 by Mr. George Street, and opened by the Queen in 1882 . 
 The land alone on which it stands cost nearly a million 
 and a half, and the agreed price for building, £ 700 , 000 , 
 turned out a disastrous speculation for the Contractors. 
 
 Having explored the new Palace of Justice, not omit- 
 ting the grand gothic central hall, the visitor should next 
 pay a visit to 
 
 THE TEMPLE, 
 
 Which lies between Fleet Street and the Thames, and is 
 divided into the Inner Temple and Middle Temple, each 
 
Courts of Law , Inns , and Prisons . 143 
 
 having its hall, library, and gardens. This famous old 
 place was inhabited by the Knights Templars until 1346, 
 when they demised it to certain students in law, who 
 held it of them till the Dissolution by Henry VIII. 
 In the sixth year of James I., the two Temples were 
 granted by letters patent to the present society. The 
 Temple is entered through a heavy red brick front in 
 Fleet Street; and within its precincts once resided “the 
 Boanerges of letters ” — Dr. Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith, 
 Charles Lamb, and Mr. Murray, subsequently Earl of 
 Mansfield. Here is also laid the scene of the famous 
 quarrel between the rival factions of the Bed and White 
 Boses ; and here, now, many quarrels of almost equal 
 bitterness are discussed and settled in a more peaceful 
 and more satisfactory manner. The Middle Temple Hall 
 is 100 feet long, 40 feet wide, and over 60 feet high, and 
 was built in 1572. The roof is a wonderful piece of 
 Elizabethan architecture, and well worth examining. In 
 this hall was performed Shakspeare’s “ Twelfth Night ” in 
 1601-2 — the only place remaining where a play of Shak- 
 speare was listened to by his contemporaries. The new 
 Library, which forms a striking feature in the view from 
 the Embankment, is a handsome room, 96 feet long, 42 
 wide, and 70 high, the room composed of American pitch 
 pine — the first time this wood was used for the purpose 
 in England. The Fountain (lately modernized), where 
 Dickens makes Tom Pinch and Ruth meet, and the 
 Temple Church, of which we have spoken elsewhere, will 
 attract the attention of the visitor. In fact, every brick 
 and stone of these dingy houses are redolent with story. 
 
144 Courts of Law , Inns ) and Prisons « 
 
 GRAY’S INN 
 
 Is an Inn of Court on the west side of Gray’s Inn Road, 
 with an entrance through a low gateway in Holborn. 
 The hall was built in 1560, and the gardens planted 
 about 1600. The great Lord Burghley and Lord Bacon 
 were attached to this Inn ; also Bradshaw, who presided 
 at the trial of King Charles I, The chapel is well worth 
 visiting on a Sunday, and the grounds will be an agree- 
 able surprise to the visitor leaving the bustle of the 
 neigbouring thoroughfare, 
 
 LINCOLN’S INN 
 
 Is also an Inn of Court. Portions of it were built in 
 1518, and Ben Jonson, the poet of latter days, “ helped in 
 the building of the new structure of Lincoln’s Inn, when, 
 having a trowel in one hand, he had a book in his pocket.” 
 In 1843 the new hall and library were built, at a cost of 
 £55,000. The hall is 120 feet long, 45 feet wide, and 62 
 feet high, with a roof of carved oak ; a splendid fresco 
 occupies the whole of one side, representing the School 
 of Legislation, picturing the lawgivers of the world 
 from Moses to Edward I. The chapel was built by Inigo 
 Jones in 1623, and the pulpit is filled by the most 
 eminent divines of the Established Church, who arc 
 selected by the Benchers. There are a 1 so some very 
 handsome iron gates here. 
 
Courts of Law , Inns, and Prisons . 145 
 
 These Inns of Court are largo establishments, with 
 apartments for the residence of law students, who, how- 
 ever, do not attend classes, but only rent rooms and pay 
 for their commons. After undergoing examination and 
 residing for a certain length of time in these places, 
 young men are considered qualified to be called to the 
 Bar, 
 
 NEWGATE PRISON, 
 
 Which is situated at the corner of Newgate Street and 
 the Old Bailey, is now unoccupied, all the prisoners 
 having been removed prior to the demolition of the gaol. 
 In old Newgate were confined William Penn, Titus 
 Oates, Defoe, George Wither, the poetical Earl of 
 Dorset, Dr. Dodd, and Jack Sheppard ; and opposite to it 
 lived Jonathan Wild, the celebrated thief-taker. It was 
 burnt down by rioters under Lord George Gordon in 
 1780. The present structure was finished in 1783. 
 Admission to view is obtained from the Secretary of the 
 Home Department or the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, 
 
 MILLBANK PRISON 
 
 Is on the left bank of the Thames, close to Vauxhall 
 Bridge, built on a plan devised by Jeremy Bentham, 
 and cost half a million sterling to complete. It is strictly 
 a convict prison, and is an exceedingly fine structure of 
 its kind. Admission to view may be obtained from the 
 Prison Department at the Home Office, 
 
146 Courts of Law , Inns , and Prisons . 
 
 THE MODEL PRISON, Caledonian Road, Pentonville, 
 
 Near the New Cattle Market, contains one thousand 
 separate cells, and each convict is taught a useful trade. 
 
 Other prisons are — 
 
 Holloway Prison, for criminals and debtors for 
 London and Middlesex. This is a very artistic structure 
 of the castellated order, and does not give the idea qf 
 its being a prison. 
 
 Wandsworth Prison, Wandsworth Common. 
 
 Brixton Prison (Military), Brixton Hill. 
 
 Fulham Prison, Fulham, for females ; and 
 Wormwood Scrubbs Prison. 
 
 THE METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE 
 
 Is under the control of the Commissioners of Police, at 
 Great Scotland Yard, Whitehall Place, S.W. ; here it is 
 that licenses are issued to Drivers and Conductors of 
 Metropolitan Stage Carriages, and where property left in 
 any such vehicle should at once be taken to be in waiting 
 for the owner, who can obtain possession on giving a proper 
 description, and by payment of a fee as a reward to the 
 depositor. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 HOSPITALS, CHARITIES, &c. 
 
 The charitable institutions of London are entitled to rank 
 among its most noteworthy features. They number 
 upwards of 1,000. We have space but for a few of the 
 more prominent among them, and will first glance at 
 the Medical Hospitals. 
 
 The Company subscribe to the Middlesex and others, and 
 boxes in aid of such worthy establishments are placed in and 
 adjacent to the front Hall .of the Hotel to receive the alms 
 of our benevolent friends. 
 
 ST. BABTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL, Smithfield, 
 Occupies the site of part of the ancient priory of St. 
 Bartholomew, wherein Bahere founded an hospital. At 
 the Dissolution it was refounded by Henry VIII., and the 
 charge of it was given by the King to Thomas Vicary, 
 his Sergeant-surgeon, who wrote the first anatomical 
 work published in England. Harvey was physician to 
 the hospital for many years, and lectured in it on his 
 discovery of the circulation of the blood. It has 650 
 beds, and its income is over £40,000 per annum. It is 
 considered one of our best medical schools. The next in 
 order is 
 
 ST. THOMAS’S, Lambeth, 
 
 Which dates as far back as 1553. Originally near Guy’s 
 Hospital in Southwark, it was temporarily removed to 
 
148 Hospitals , Charities , 
 
 the Surrey Gardens to make way for railway improve- 
 ments. The new structures on the Thames, between 
 Lambeth and Westminster Bridges, form one of the finest 
 ranges of buildings of the kind in the world. The 
 hospital is divided into 44 wards, and has accommodation 
 for upwards of 1,000 patients. It has an income of 
 about £25,000 a year. The first stone was laid by Queen 
 Victoria, May, 1868, and the whole was opened in May, 
 1871. 
 
 GUY’S HOSPITAL, Southwark, S.E., 
 
 Was founded in 1721 by Thomas Guy, a bookseller, who 
 left the Sum of £220,000 as an endowment. Its annual 
 income is over £27,000. In 1829 a Mr. Hunt left an 
 additional sum of £200,000. 
 
 ST. GEORGE’S HOSPITAL, Hyde Park Corner, W., . 
 
 Is also a very old and wealthy institution, having been 
 founded in 1733. It makes up 350 beds, and has an 
 income of £28,000, derived principally from voluntary 
 contributions. 
 
 KING’S COLLEGE HOSPITAL, Portugal Street, 
 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. 
 
 A large hospital, deriving its income solely from volun- 
 tary contributions. It is situated in a dense and poor 
 neighbourhood. 
 
Hospitals , Charities , cW. 
 
 149 
 
 LONDON HOSPITAL, Whitechapel Road, E., 
 
 Was founded in 1740. It has accommodation for 800 
 patients, and an income of over £30,000, most of which is 
 c ontr ibut ed v oluntar il y . 
 
 MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL, Mortimer Street, W., 
 
 Established in 1745, can make up 307 beds. A feature of 
 this Hospital is its cancer wards, where 34 sufferers from 
 this hopeless malady are maintained for life. Its income 
 is £19,000, expenditure £28,000. Donations for this charity 
 can be deposited in a box placed for that purpose in the 
 principal hall of the Langham. 
 
 CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL, 
 
 Agar Street, Strand, W.C. 
 
 A large institution, depending for its income upon voluntary 
 subscriptions. 
 
 Other medical hospitals are — 
 
 University College Hospital, situated in Gower Street. 
 A box for the reception of donations is in the hall of the 
 Langham. 
 
 Westminster Hospital, near Westminster Abbey. 
 
 St. Mary’s Hospital, Cambridge Place, Paddington. 
 Great Northern Central Hospital, Caledonian Road, 
 with at least a dozen others. 
 
 Besides these, there are hospitals devoted to special 
 complaints, notably the Hospital for Consumption at 
 
150 Hospitals , Charities , &*c. 
 
 Brompton, one of the most valuable institutions in the 
 country ; and for those afflicted with dementia, may be 
 named the following : — 
 
 Bethlehem Hospital, Lambeth, better known as 
 “ Bedlam,” was founded on the east side of Moorfields in 
 1547, for the reception of pauper lunatics, and removed 
 here in 1815. It has an incomd of £20,000, mostly the 
 accumulation of private benevolence, and has ample 
 accommodation for 400 patients. Criminal lunatics were 
 at one time detained here at a cost to the Government of 
 about £4,000. 
 
 The County Lunatic Asylum, at Hanwell, intended for 
 pauper lunatics, affords accommodation for over 1,300 
 patients, is regarded as a model institution. Its income 
 from parish and county rates amounts to £40,000. 
 
 There are some eighty more charitable institutions 
 devoted to every species of disease, curable and incurable, 
 with incomes varying from £700 to £7,000, almost all 
 dependent on voluntary contributions. Between thirty 
 and forty Dispensaries, supported by gifts, also help to 
 alleviate the general misery of the great metropolis. 
 
 PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETIES 
 Are numerous, and include, among others, 
 
 The Royal Humane Society ; office, 3, Trafalgar 
 Square ; 
 
Hospitals , Charities , 6°c. 151 
 
 The Royal National Lifeboat Institution, 14, John 
 Street Adelphi, W.C. ; 
 
 The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Animals, 105, Jermyn Street, W.C. 
 
 The next class of Societies includes— 
 
 The Magdalen Hospital, Leigham Court Road, 
 Streatham (six miles from Westminster Bridge), for the 
 relief and reformation of the erring ; 
 
 The Lock Hospital, Harrow Road, Westbourne Green, 
 for the cure of unfortunate creatures ; 
 
 The Guardian Society Asylum, Bethnal Green, for 
 providing a temporary home, with employment, for tho 
 repenting ; 
 
 The Society for the Protection of Women and 
 Children, 85, Strand. 
 
 The London Female Penitentiary, Pentonville Road ; 
 and many others of similar character, all aiming at tho 
 suppression of the great social evil, and worthy tho 
 attention of the wealthy and the good. They number in 
 all nearly forty, and include also institutions for tho 
 reformation of boys and men. 
 
 The Reformatory and Refuge Union, with forty- 
 seven adjuncts, for the reform of almost every class of 
 feminine or juvenile delinquents, have established their 
 depots in every quarter and in all directions, and are 
 productive of great good. 
 
152 Hospitals , Charities , err. 
 
 Under the head of “ Charitable Societies for the reliof 
 of Destitution and Distress ” comes first 
 
 The Police Court Distribution of Relief, which 
 makes the police magistrates the distributors of alms to 
 the deserving poor. This charity enables the officers of 
 the police courts to remedy and alleviate much distress, 
 and appeals to the benevolent only at moments when the 
 needs of the destitute are the greatest — during the in- 
 clemency of winter. The Mansion House Police Court, 
 under the presidency of the Lord Mayor, has always 
 distinguished itself whenever the exigencies of an 
 epidemic or a public calamity demanded extra assistance. 
 
 Parochial relief a^o comes under this heading. The 
 amount expended in the metropolitan district, comprising 
 fifteen unions and twenty-four parishes, in one year, 
 exceeds a million and a half sterling. 
 
 The other Societies of the same character, number'ng 
 nearly sixty — twenty- five of which are exclusively for the 
 Jewish persuasion — include among them 
 
 The Mendicity Society, 8, Fisher Street, Red Lion 
 Square. 
 
 The Benevolent, or Strangers’ Friend Society, Red 
 Lion Square, for promoting the reliof of destitution 
 among foreigners in the metropolis. 
 
 The Sailors’ Home, Wells Street, E. 
 
 The Society of Friends of Foreigners in Distress, 
 London Wall. 
 
 Hospital for Poor French Protestants, Victoria 
 Park. 
 
hospitals , Charities , &L 153 
 
 The French Benevolent Society, 10, Poland Street. 
 
 The Italian Benevolent Society, 9, Greville Street, 
 Ilolborn. 
 
 The Literary Association of the Friends of Poland, 
 Duke Street, St. James’s. 
 
 The Society for the Relief of Americans in Dis- 
 tress (established 1875), 3, Broadway Chambers, West- 
 minster, S.W. 
 
 And a host of others too numerous to mention in OUT 
 limited space. 
 
 In the category of Provident and Benevolent Institutions 
 for aiding the resources of the industrious are embraced— 
 
 The Savings Banks, chief among which are the Post 
 Office Savings Bank, yielding interest on Government 
 security on all loans of one shilling and upwards, stamps 
 being now taken by the Post-Office Savings Bank, as 
 savings ; and 
 
 The Universal Beneficent Society, Soho Square, 
 for granting loans, on security, without interest. 
 
 In this category may be placed a society for furnishing 
 Hertfordshire boys with clothing and situations, besides 
 similar societies for Somersetshire and Worcestershire. 
 
 Homes for Young Women, principally dressmakers 
 and shop-girls, who are boarded and lodged at the rate 
 of half a guinea a week, and in some instances less, are 
 
i54 
 
 Hospitals , Charities , &c. 
 
 scattered Over the metropolis, among them being the 
 Garfield HomeV 
 
 Training School for Girls taken out of Work- 
 houses. 
 
 Laundry and Training Institution for Young 
 Servants. 
 
 Schools of Cookery at Kensington and elsewhere. 
 
 The National Guardian Institution, for the en- 
 couragement of good servants ; and a large number of 
 
 Infant Nurseries, or Creches, for taking care of 
 children of poor married women at work from home 
 during the day. In some of these a small charge, not 
 exceeding twopence, is made for the food supplied. 
 
 BENEVOLENT AND PROVIDENT 
 PENSION FUNDS. 
 
 These institutions are established for the relief of 
 persons who have occupied respectable positions, but 
 owing to sickness and misfortune are rendered necessitous 
 in their old age. Each fund is chiefly supported by persons 
 engaged in the various professions or trades whose mem- 
 bers are sought to be benefited. It is computed that the 
 sum total collected (exclusive of Queen Anne’s Bounty) 
 
Hospitals , Charities } &>c. 155 
 
 and expended, amounts to £250,000 per annum, distributed 
 to 12,000 persons. 
 
 The National Benevolent Institution stands at the 
 head of the list, dispensing over £11,000 per annum. 
 
 Queen Anne’s Bounty, which is entirely $ui generis 
 and semi-official, is for the better maintenance of the poor 
 clergy, by tho augmentation of small livings. Tho income, 
 which is derived from the “ first fruits and tenths,” from 
 benefactions, produce of stock, and income of capital, 
 
 , amounts to £250,000 annually, and is expended in addi- 
 tions to livings ; the purchase of residences, lands, &c., 
 the erection of houses ; on mortgages to build ; loans and 
 other purposes. Corporations also have been founded by 
 private means for the relief of the clergy and their families, 
 in number no less than twenty-one. Then] follow the 
 Literary, the Scientific, the Artists’, the Architects, the 
 Schoolmasters’, the Governesses’, the Musicians’, tho Army 
 Officers’, the Lawyers’, the Actors’, the Dancers’, the 
 Printers’ — with a fine list of charities, including Almshouses, 
 the Butchers’, the Cheesemongers’, the Hairdressers’, the 
 Licensed Victuallers’, who possess the largest asylum of 
 any profession ; and the Foundlings’, an all upwards of 
 eighty ; these being exclusive of the almshouses and other 
 charitable benefactions connected with the Ancient City 
 Guilds. 
 
 Those Guilds or City Companies, some of them dating 
 as far back as a.d. 1164, number seventy-five, of which 
 the twelve principal ones are styled “ Honourable.” 
 Among the ^wealthiest are the Company of Goldsmiths, 
 
156 Hospitals , Charities , &c. 
 
 who dispense upwards of £5,000 annually, and who stamp 
 the jewellery and plate of London with the “ hall ” mark ; 
 and the Fishmongers’, who expend throughout the 
 kingdom from £9,000 to £10,000 annually. The Drapers’, 
 Grocers’ , Mercers’ , and Merchant Taylors’ Companies are 
 also noted for their wealth and munificent charities. Many 
 of these have schools connected with them — notably the 
 Merchant Taylors’, Mercers’ and Haberdashers’ — where 
 a good education is given either free or at a moderate 
 cost. 
 
 Patriotic and other Public funds, to meet Special emergen- 
 cies at home or abroad, also challenge our wonder and 
 admiration, not only for the princely character of their 
 charities, but also for the hearty and expeditious manner 
 in which they are raised. 
 
 LLOYD’S PATRIOTIC FUND 
 
 Is worthy of more than passing notice for its efficiency, 
 and wide-spreading* charity, having, since its foundation 
 dispensed over £60,000 to widows, orphans, and depen- 
 dent relatives of soldiers, seamen, and marines killed in 
 action. 
 
 THE ROYAL COMMISSION OF THE PATRIOTIC 
 FUND, 
 
 For the safe keeping and beneficial application of the 
 various sums raised for the relief of the widows and 
 
Hospitals Charities , &fc. 157 
 
 orphans of the soldiers, sailors, or marines who died in 
 active service during the Crimean War, was truly a 
 Royal Commission, having raised by voluntary contribu- 
 tions in four years tho immense sum of £1,645,921, which 
 was expended in pensioning at various times about 3,600 
 widows and 4,700 children. 
 
 THE INDIAN MUTINY RELIEF FUND 
 
 Was established for same purpose during the Indian 
 War, and realized in little over three years half a million 
 sterling. 
 
 Under another head come — 
 
 ASYLUMS FOR THE AGED, 
 
 Comprising Colleges, Hospitals, and Almhousos, 
 amounting in all to over one hundred and twenty separato 
 and distinct institutions. Among the most notable are 
 
 THE CHARTERHOUSE, 
 
 Already referred to in page 62. 
 
 THE ROYAL HOSPITAL at Chelsea, 
 
 Established in 1692, for the relief of old soldiers, described 
 hereafter. 
 
Hospitals , Charities , 6°<r. 
 
 158 
 
 EMANUEL COLLEGE, Westminster. 
 
 This was founded by Lady Dacre in 1594, for the main- 
 tenance of ten poor men, ten poor women, ten poor boys, 
 and ten poor girls. The adult pensioners have since been 
 doubled, sixty children have been added, and the pension, 
 which was formerly £20, has been increased to £24. The 
 annual income is over £3,000. 
 
 THE FISHMONGERS’ ALMSHOUSES, 
 
 Ninety-four in number, in various parts of the kingdom, 
 are all well endowed. 
 
 THE LICENSED VICTUALLERS’ ASYLUM. 
 
 Which comprises some 130 distinct habitations, and 
 accommodates some 150 inhabitants, is situated at Peck- 
 ham. It is one of the largest charities in London, and 
 reflects great credit upon licensed victuallers and hotel 
 keepers generally. 
 
 MORDEN COLLEGE, Blackheath, 
 
 For the reception of decayed merchants, who are allowed 
 £72 a year, with medical attendance, coals, candles, 
 washing, and the use of a library ; and 
 
Hospitals , Charities , &V. 
 
 *59 
 
 THE WHITTINGTON COLLEGE, Highgate, 
 
 Which, “ for superiority of management, handsome build- 
 ing, and general association with all that is magnificently 
 liberal in charitable citizenship,’’ is a fitting memorial 
 to him who was u thrice Lord Mayor of London.” Its 
 income is over £5,000. 
 
 Charities for the Blind and the Deaf and Dumb add 
 to this long list of benevolence, and for their support 
 large sums are raised annually, and expended through 
 some seventeen separate channels ; the most noteworthy 
 of which is the Blind Man’s Friend, Savile Row, founded 
 by the late Charles Day (himself blind), of the firm of 
 Day and Martin, who left £100,000 for its support. 
 Nearly 300 blind receive aid from this institution. 
 
 The asylums and institutions for the education and 
 maintenance of orphan and other children may be classed 
 among the higher order of charities ; and in this great 
 metropolis many of these institutions demand not only a 
 partial notice, but an intelligent inspection also, which 
 can readily be obtained upon application. They num- 
 ber over six dozen, exclusive of the parochial schools ; 
 and among them may be mentioned as worthy of special 
 notice 
 
 The Asylum for Female Orphans, Beddington, Surrey, 
 (instituted in Westminster Bridge Road in 1758). Mora 
 than 3,000 young girls have been carefully instructed in 
 the principals of religion in this establishment. They 
 
i6o Hospitals , Charities , cW. 
 
 are also trained to do household work, and put out at & 
 proper age as domestic servants. The income amounts 
 to about £3,000 ; hut as much as £15,900 has been received 
 in one year. 
 
 The Foundling Hospital, Guildford Street, W.C., 
 already referred to, does an immense deal of good in its 
 way. 
 
 The Orphan Working School, Haverstock Hill, N.W. , 
 is also a meritorious institution ; clothing, boarding, and 
 educating about 540 children on an average income of 
 between £11,000 and £12,000. 
 
 The London Orphan Asylum, Watford, Hertfordshire, 
 takes care of about 575 children on an income of some 
 £16,000 a year. 
 
 The Infant Orphan Asylum, Wanstead, Essex, takes 
 children from their earliest infancy, wholly maintaining 
 and educating them until fourteen or fifteen years of age. 
 About 660 are accommodated on an income of £20,000, 
 more than nine-tenths of which is derived from voluntary 
 contributions. 
 
 And so on to the end of the list, until One becomes 
 almost weary of dwelling upon the numerous good deeds 
 of the charitable Briton. 
 
 Church Extension and Home and Foreign Missionary 
 Societies, although supported by voluntary contributions, 
 cannot fairly bo considered under the head of charities, 
 
Hospitals , Charities , &c. 161 
 
 however necessary and improving they may be. For 
 these institutions, however, hundreds of thousands of 
 pounds are annually subscribed by the wealthy and pious 
 of the land. Taken altogether, they are most creditable 
 to the great metropolis, and prove clearly that although 
 great vice is indigenous to great cities, great virtues, 
 especially that of charity, are by no means foreign to the soil. 
 
 FREEMASONS’ LODGES 
 
 Are mostly held in the rooms specially dedicated to Free- 
 masonry at the hall in Great Queen Street W.C. ; here also 
 is held the Grand Lodge of England, o which for some 
 years past H.R.H. the Prince of Wales has been the 
 “Most Worshipful Grand Master,’ ’ the Earl of Carnarvon 
 is Pro-Grand Master, the Earl of Lathom Deputy- Grand 
 Master, and Colonel Shadwell Clerke is the Grand 
 Secretary. The Grand Temple is worth a visit, and may 
 interest even those who are not Freemasons. It is archi- 
 tecturally 44 grand,” and contains many portraits of the past 
 Grand Officers by notable artists. The order is famed for 
 its extensive benevolence — the Benevolent Institute for aged 
 Freemasons and Widows, the Boys’ and Girls’ Schools each 
 in their way are monuments to the charity of the 4 4 Craft.” 
 In almost every district of London there are other Masonic 
 Halls, and not a few of the Lodges find their homes in 
 one or other of the large hotels and restaurants. Any 
 visitor seeking information will at all times be courteously 
 received at the Grand Secretary’s office, Great Queen 
 Street, W.C. 
 
 G 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 THE CLUBS. 
 
 These institutions are, it may be said, indigenous to the 
 soil. London is nothing to the politician, the idler, or 
 the man of fortune, without his club. With a quiet 
 apartment in a side street, or a box in the country, the 
 club man always has his address at his club ; and here 
 he reads his papers, writes and receives his letters, takes 
 his meals, and otherwise passes his time. In olden times 
 the club was simply a collection of kindred spirits, who 
 met at stated intervals in the private parlour of some 
 quiet inn, where, in communion with their intimates, 
 they quaffed their beer and smoked their pipes. At the 
 present day, however, everything that is choice and 
 delectable, whether material or mental, is to be found in 
 the modern club-house. A few of them are conducted 
 by private individuals for their own emolument, but by 
 far the greater number are on the proprietary system, 
 the principal design being to reduce the expense to each 
 member to a minimum, thus enabling a man of moderate 
 means to live in tho most sumptuous and refined style 
 at the lowest cost. Managed in the most systematic 
 manner, they are marvels of economy and accommoda- 
 tion. Tho larger portion of thorn do not admit strangors ; 
 
The Clubs. 
 
 163 
 
 but strangers are occasionally made honorary members, 
 or allowed to be introduced by a member. The most 
 noted are as follows : — 
 
 THE ARMY AND NAVY CLUB, 36, Pall Mall, S.W., 
 Has upwards of 2,000 members, and is a large showy 
 building at the corner of George Street, St. James’s 
 Square. The cost of building and furnishing it was about 
 £100,000, and it is replete with every accomodation. As 
 its name denotes, it is exclusively intended for members of 
 the two services, and includes in its list many of the most 
 distinguished officers of both branches. 
 
 THE CONSERVATIVE CLUB, 74, St. James’s 
 Street, W., 
 
 Is an adjunct of the old Tory club, the Carlton, built by 
 designs by Beleai and Sydney Smirke, and, with one or two 
 exceptions, is the most splendid edifice of its kind. The 
 interior is very beautiful and exceedingly ornate. The 
 stairway is of itself an object of interest, and the grand 
 drawing-room, 100 feet by 26 feet, and 25 feet in height, 
 is one of the handsomest in London. The library is very 
 large, occupying nearly the whole of the northern portion 
 of the upper story. The building and furniture cost very 
 nearly £75,000. The club numbers about 1,200 members. 
 
 THE GARRICK CLUB, 
 
 15, Garrick Street, Co vent Garden, W.C., 
 
 Is named after Garrick, the great actor, and was in- 
 stituted for “ the general patronage of the drama,” and 
 
The Clubs. 
 
 164 
 
 4 4 for the purpose of combining the use of a club on 
 economical principles with the advantages of a literary 
 society, for the formation of a theatrical library, and 
 works on costume.” Six hundred and fifty members, 
 44 patrons of the drama and gentlemen eminent in their 
 respective circles,” constitute the list, and among them 
 are some of the most distinguished in literature, art, 
 science, and the drama. On the walls are numbers of 
 fine portraits of celebrated actors, by the first artists of 
 their times. These pictures can be seen and the club 
 visited by strangers on the personal introduction of a 
 member. Ar.y distinguished foreigner, 44 known to the 
 theatrical, musical, or iterary world,” may be admitted, 
 as a temporary member by the committee. 
 
 THE JUNIOR Alt MY AND NAVY CLUB, 
 
 10, St. James’s Street, 
 
 Has about 1,700 members, and is much frequented by 
 junior officers of both branches of the service. 
 
 THE JUNIOR UNITED SERVICE CLUB, 
 
 12, Charles Street, St. James’s, S.W., 
 
 Has 2,000 members, and is devoted to the use of the 
 junior members of the Army and Navy. 
 
 THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY 
 ‘CLUB, 71-76, Pall Mall, S.W., 
 
 Has 1,170 members, half of whom belong to each 
 University, and of course it is essentially literary. 
 
The Clubs. 
 
 I6 S 
 
 THE REFORM CLUB, 104, Pall Mall, S.W., 
 
 With its 1,400 members, is purely and simply a huge 
 political organization in direct antagonism to the Carlton 
 and Conservative, erected in 1831 from designs by Barry. 
 It has a very handsome exterior, and is noted for its 
 grand stairway and hall and its well -constructed kitchen, 
 rendered famous by Alexis Soyer. It has also a set of 
 chambers exclusively for members. 
 
 THE UNITED UNIVERSITY CLUB, 
 
 1, Suffolk Street and Pall Mall East, S.W., 
 
 Is devoted to the two Universities, Oxford and Cam® 
 bridge, 1,000 members being graduates of each school of 
 learning. 
 
 THE WINDHAM CLUB, 13, St. James’s Square, S.W., 
 Is comparatively a small one, having only 650 members, 
 but it is very select and comfortable. 
 
 The other clubs do not admit strangers, and will there- 
 fore be dismissed with brief notices. 
 
 THE ATHENAEUM, 107, Pall Mall, S.W., 
 Designed by Decimus Burton, and opened in 1830 ; it ranks 
 perhaps among the very first, being composed exclusively 
 of individuals known for their literary and scientific attain- 
 ment, artists of eminence, &e. It has 1,200 such 
 individuals on its list, with the best library, and no 
 smoking room — <{ Credat Judceus !” 
 
i66 
 
 The Clubs. 
 
 THE CARLTON, 94, Pall Mall, S,W., 
 
 Next door to its political rival the Reform, is a beautiful 
 structure, with about 1,000 members Conservative in poli- 
 tics. It is particularly noted for the highly polished 
 granite columns in front. The coffee-room is also notice- 
 able for its size — 92 feet by 37 feet. 
 
 THE GUARDS’, 70, Pall Mall, S.W., 
 
 Is confined exclusively to the officers of the household 
 troops, an organization “ which has done the State some 
 service,” although nothing but dire necessity ever requires 
 them to leave home, being considered strictly “ household 
 troops,” in attendance on Her Majesty. During the 
 Crimean War, however, they broke through this rule, and 
 distinguished themselves greatly, as also in the recent 
 Egyptian campaign, when they did good service. 
 
 THE ORIENTAL, 18, Hanover Square, W., 
 
 Demands in the applicant for admission East Indian travel 
 or residence. Eleven hundred members of the Indian 
 service constitute its list. 
 
 THE TRAVELLERS’, 106, Pall Mall, S.W., 
 
 Denotes its specialty by its name, and has 750 members, 
 every one of whom must “ have travelled out of the British 
 
The Clubs. 167 
 
 Islands to a distance of at least 500 miles from London 
 in a direct line.” 
 
 THE UNION, Trafalgar Square, W.C., 
 
 Erected from designs by Sir Robert Smirke, for merchants, 
 lawyers, members of Parliament, &c. Its members number 
 1 , 000 . 
 
 THE UNITED SERVICE CLUB, at the corner of Pall 
 Mall and Waterloo Place, S.W. , 
 
 Erected in 1826, is also an Army and Navy Club. It has 
 1,550 members, none under the rank of field officers, and 
 is one of the best conducted in London. 
 
 WHITE’S, 
 
 One of the oldest of English Clubs, is very exclusive. 
 It is situated at 37, St. James’s Street, and numbers about 
 600 members. 
 
 BROOKS’S, 
 
 Also in St. James’s Street, is the rival in respectability 
 of its neighbour “ White’s.” It is also very select, having 
 about 600 members, and is kept on private account. 
 
 BOODLE’S, 
 
 Another St. James’s (No. 28) institution, is also kept on 
 private account for the accommodation of the select few. 
 
The Clubs . 
 
 1 68 
 
 THE SALISBURY, 12, St. James’s Square. 
 
 This is one of the very few clubs in London where 
 ladies may enter when accompanied by a member. It is 
 very select, and strict rules ensure its high respectability. 
 It is non-political, and the name and address of every 
 lady who enters is brought before the secretary and com* 
 mittee. 
 
 THE MARLBOROUGH, 52, Pall Mall, 
 
 Ranks among the best and most select of these institutions. 
 The following completes the list of well-known clubs : — 
 
 Alpine 
 
 . 8, St. Martin’s Place, W.C, 
 
 Arthur’s 
 
 . 69, St. James’s Street, S.W. 
 
 Arts .... 
 
 . 17, Hanover Square, AY. 
 
 Badminton . 
 
 . 100, Piccadilly, W. 
 
 Beaueort 
 
 . 32, Dover Street, AY. 
 
 Burlington . 
 
 . 17, Savile Row, AA r . 
 
 Constitutional . 
 
 . Northumberland Avenue. 
 
 Cosmopolitan 
 
 . 30, Charles Street, Berkeley 
 
 Square, AY. 
 
 City Carlton 
 
 . 24, St. Swithin’s Lane, E.C. 
 
 City Conservative 
 
 . George Yard, Lombard 
 Street, E.C. 
 
 City Liberal 
 
 . AYalbrook. 
 
 City op London » 
 
 . 19, Old Broad Street, E.C. 
 
The Clubs . 
 
 Cocoa Tree 
 Devonshire 
 
 East India United Service 
 Farmers’ . 
 
 Grafton . 
 
 Grosvenor . 
 
 Gresham . 
 
 Hurlingham 
 Junior Athenaeum 
 Junior Carlton . 
 
 Junior Constitutional 
 Junior Garrick . 
 
 Kennel .... 
 
 National . 
 
 National Conservative 
 National Liberal 
 Naval and Military . 
 
 New University 
 Orleans . 
 
 Pall Mall .... 
 Portland . 
 
 Prince’s Racquet 
 Raleigh .... 
 Royal London Yacht . 
 
 169 
 
 64, St. James’s Street, S.W. 
 50, St. James’s Street, S.W . 
 16, St. James’s Square, S.W. 
 Salisbury Hotel, Fleet St. 
 10, Grafton Street, W. 
 
 135, New Bond Street, W. 
 Gresham Place, City, E.C. 
 Fulham, S.W. 
 
 116, Piccadilly, W. 
 
 30-35, Pall Mall, S.W. 
 
 14, Regent Street, S.W. 
 
 1a, Adelphi Terrace, W.C. 
 
 6, Cleveland Row, St. 
 James’s, S.W. 
 
 1, Whitehall Gardens, S. W. 
 9, Pall Mall, S.W. 
 Whitehall Place, S.W. 
 
 94, Piccadilly, W. 
 
 57, St. James’s Street, S.W . 
 29, King Street, St. 
 James’s, S.W. 
 
 7, Waterloo Place, S.W. 
 
 1, Stratford Place, Oxford 
 Street, W. 
 
 Han’s Place. 
 
 16, Regent Street, W. 
 
 2, Savile Row, W. 
 
The Chibs. 
 
 170 
 
 Koyal Thames Yacht . 
 St. George’s 
 St. George’s Chess 
 St. James’s . 
 
 St. Stephen’s 
 
 Savage. 
 
 Smithfield Cattle 
 Thatched House 
 Unionist 
 Victoria « 
 
 W anderers’ 
 Whitehall . 
 
 7, Albemarle Street, W. 
 Hanover Square, W. 
 
 47, Albemarle Street, W. 
 106, Piccadilly, W. 
 
 1, Bridge Street, West- 
 minster, S.E. 
 
 Savoy Place, W.C. 
 
 12, Hanover Square, W. 
 
 86, St. James’s Street, S.W. 
 68, Pall Mall, S.W. 
 
 18, Wellington Street, W.C. 
 9, Pall Mall, S.W. 
 
 47, Parliament Street, S.W. 
 
 There are others, more or 
 metropolis. 
 
 less known, scattered over the 
 
CHAPTER XI Y. 
 
 i 
 
 DOCKS, MARKETS,' &c. 
 
 For the lover of good wines and spirits there is something 
 felicitous and suggestive in the thought of a visit to this 
 institution. Visions of old port and dry sherry float 
 through the brain, making the eyes glisten and mouth 
 water. But it is not alone as a vast receptacle for articles 
 of commerce that the capacious structures known as the 
 “ Docks,” commend themselves to our consideration. On 
 the placid w r aters of their numerous basins float thousands 
 of vessels and millions of tons of merchandise ; and in 
 viewing them one cannot fail to be struck with the genius 
 that built them and the enterprise that finds them re- 
 munerative employment. Availing themselves of two 
 sharp turns in the course of the river, and taking advantage 
 of the facilities for obtaining water both on the ebb 
 and rise of the tide, the engineers have so constructed 
 these huge works that they form, in a degree, canals from 
 one point to another, not unlike Ben Butler’s celebrated 
 Dutch Gap Canal, only larger ; in one case the bend is 
 quite as circular. The following is a list of the principal 
 Docks : — 
 
 ST. KATHARINE’S DOCKS, 
 
 The nearest to the City, covers an area, including store- 
 houses, of 24 acres. 
 
172 
 
 Docks , Markets , err, 
 
 THE LONDON DOCKS 
 
 Are 90 acres in extent. The warehouses of the company 
 are the depots of the wine and tobacco importations. 
 About 65,000 pipes of wine and 24,000 hogsheads of 
 tobacco can be comfortably stowed in them. 
 
 THE REGENT’S CANAL BASIN 
 
 Is used principally as a depot for coal vessels and canal 
 boats trafficking on the canal. 
 
 THE EAST INDIA DOCKS, AND THE WEST 
 INDIA DOCKS, 
 
 Situated near Blackwall, comprise nearly 300 acres, with 
 very spacious warehouses. 
 
 EOYAL VICTORIA AND ALBERT DOCKS, 
 
 Below Blackwall, have an area of 200 acres. They were 
 finished in 1856, and, owing to their low rates, are very 
 flourishing. One pair of gates, all iron, has a span of 
 80 feet. 
 
 TILBURY DOCKS. 
 
 These new deep-water docks, about thirty miles down 
 ’ the river, opposite Gravesend, were opened in April, 1886, 
 
i73 
 
 Docks , Markets , &*c. 
 
 Constructed at a cost of £3,000,000 by the East and West 
 India Dock Company, they have a depth of twenty six 
 feet in the tidal basin at low water, thereby enabling the 
 largest steamers to enter and leave irrespective of the tide. 
 On the other side of the river are 
 
 THE GRAND SURREY DOCKS, 
 
 Adjoining the Commercial Docks, which are very 
 spacious and convenient, being composed of four separate 
 basins. 
 
 THE COMMERCIAL DOCKS, 
 
 With five compartments, cover over 70 acres, 58 of which 
 are appropriated for wet docks. 
 
 All these docks are the property of various companies, 
 and yield good returns. 
 
 Near the docks is 
 
 THE THAMES TUNNEL, 
 
 Now only used as a connecting link between the great 
 Eastern and the London and Brighton Railways. It was 
 constructed for the purpose “ of effecting a ready com- 
 munication for wagons, carriages, and foot-passengers 
 between the Surrey and Middlesex sides of the river,” at 
 a point below which it was convenient to erect bridges. 
 Devised by Sir Mark Isambard Brunei, it was commenced 
 in 1825, but was not opened for traffic until 1843. It 
 consists of two arched avenues, 1,200 feet long, and cost 
 
174 Docks , Markets , &>c. 
 
 nearly £500,000 sterling. In every foot of it there aro 
 6,000 bricks, and its external dimensions are 37 feet 6 
 inches in width, and 22 feet in height. During its con- 
 struction the river broke through five times : in two cases 
 loss of life resulted from the irruption. In great con- 
 trast to this undertaking, both as to expenditure and 
 time is 
 
 THE TOWER SUBWAY, 
 
 Designed and carried through by Mr. W. H. Barlow. 
 This enterprise connects the two banks of the river, from 
 Tower Hill to Tooley Street. It is a large iron tube, and 
 was commenced and completed within a year, at an 
 expense of less than £18,000, without the loss of a single 
 life. The distance across is 1,330 feet, and one half- 
 penny is charged as toll. 
 
 THE MONUMENT, on Fish Street Hill, City, 
 
 Was erected to commemorate the Great Fire of 1666, on 
 the site of the ancient church of St. Margaret ; and in 
 order to show that it is 202 feet from the place where the 
 fire began, it is just 202 feet high ; so that should it ever 
 blow over in that direction, the top of it will be precisely 
 where the bottom ought to have been. In the interior 
 is a circular staircase of 345 steps, which the visitor may 
 ascend on payment of threepence. To an energetic and 
 inquisitive mind the inducements for the ascent are 
 sufficiently strong. Some inconsiderate people having 
 elected to come down without using the staircase, thereby 
 
Docks , Markets, &*c. 175 
 
 sacrificing their lives, an iron cage has been placed at 
 the summit to prevent such an occurrence happening 
 again. Sir. Christopher Wren raised the Monument, and 
 the father of Colley Cibber sculptured the rude bas-relief 
 on the west side of the pedestal. It was intended to put 
 King Charles’s Statute on the top ; but that monarch being 
 pleased to think that a large ball of metal gilt would be 
 more agreeable, the loyal architect mounted it with a 
 rase of flames, in deference to the royal critic. 
 
 There are many other monuments throughout London, 
 as well as statues, among which may be enumerated that 
 to the Duke of York, and that to the gallant Kelson, at 
 Charing Cross. On the Thames Embankment will be 
 found numerous statues, good, bad, and indifferent, also 
 in Parliament Square, Waterloo Place, and elsewhere. 
 
 CATTLE MARKET, 
 
 Formerly situated in Smithfield, a large open space not 
 far from Newgate treet. After a very severe struggle 
 in and out of Pai iament, it was finally removed to 
 Cophenhagen Fields, between Islington and Camden Town, 
 and was formally opened by Prince Albert in 1855. The 
 market covers 30 acres of ground, and cost over £300,000. 
 Fifteen acres are enclosed, affording accommodation for 
 7,000 bullocks, 40,000 sheep, 1,400 calves, and 900 pigs. 
 There are eight slaughter-houses, two of which are 
 
176 Docks , Markets , &-r. 
 
 public. The City receives a toll of twopence a head on 
 every beast exposed for sale, sixpence on every score of 
 sheep, and one shilling for every pen ; the income derived 
 from this source amounting to over £21,000 per annum. 
 A new 
 
 METROPOLITAN MEAT MARKET 
 
 Has been erected on the site of the old Smithfield Market. 
 It is 625 feet long by 240 feet wide, and 30 feet high, and 
 has subterranean communication with the great market 
 at Copenhagen Fields. The Metropolitan Railway has a 
 station near here ; and in the immediate vicinity is the 
 Holborn Viaduct. There is also a poultry, bacon and 
 cheese market, and a large market for the sale of fish has 
 also been opened, though originally intended for the 
 disposal of vegetable produce. 
 
 BILLINGSGATE, 
 
 Famous for fish and foul language, lies a little below 
 London Bridge, on the north bank of the Thames. This 
 is the great receiving depot of all the fish that comes to 
 London, which is consigned to salesmen, who dispose of 
 it to the various shopkeepers throughout not only the 
 metropolis, but almost all England. The annual sales 
 amount to eight millions sterling. The structure has 
 lately been much improved, but is far from adequate to 
 the demands made upon it. 
 
Docks , Markets , 6 ^. 
 
 177 
 
 OOVENT GARDEN MARKET, 
 
 Near the theatre of that name, although not exactly 
 what might be expected for a cosmopolitan market house, 
 is nevertheless worth a visit to see the fine fruit, beauti- 
 ful flowers, and choice vegetables constantly exposed for 
 sale. The market days are Tuesday, Thursday, and 
 Saturday, except in the summer months, when market is 
 held every morning. The morning, from three to seven 
 o’clock, is the best time for visiting it. Signs of im- 
 provement are visible here, a market exclusively for the 
 sale of flowers having been erected, and a large block of 
 houses removed for further extensions. 
 
 Several smaller markets, scattered about the City and 
 suburbs, supply the millions of its population with their 
 daily food, but none of them are sufficiently interesting 
 to be visited. 
 
i 7 8 
 
 The Breweries . 
 
 BREWERIES. 
 
 These establishments are worthy of notice for their 
 order, cleanliness, and the great amount of stock amassed 
 therein. The following are among the most prominent — ■ 
 
 BARCLAY, PERKINS, AND CO., 
 
 In Park Street, Southwark. The founder of this firm 
 was the celebrated Henry Thrale, the friend of Dr. 
 Johnson. One vat on the premises contains 3,500 barrels 
 of porter. 
 
 TRUMAN, H ANBURY, BUXTON AND CO., Limited, 
 Brick Lane, Spital fields, 
 
 WATNEY AND CO., Limited, Brewer Street, Pimlico, 
 CH ARRINGTON, HEAD, AND CO., Mile End Road, 
 MEUX AND CO., Limited, Tottenham Court Road, 
 WHITBREAD AND CO., Chiswell Street, Finsbury, 
 COOMBE AND CO., Limited, Neal Street Long Acre, 
 REID AND CO., Limited, Clerkenwell Road, E.C. 
 
 Are also very extensive establishments. 
 
“ The Times ” Office , 179 
 
 To visit these huge depots of trade requires a card of 
 admission from some member of the firm, which is readily 
 granted to every respectable foreigner. 
 
 “ THE TIMES ” OFFICE. 
 
 One of the veritable curiosities, not only of London, 
 but of the world, is The Times and its Office. In fact, so 
 much of the marvellous has been related of this extra- 
 ordinary publication, that people are almost disappointed 
 at finding nothing but order, system, and practical details 
 in its organization. Situated in Printing-house Square 
 and Queen Victoria Street, City, it is to be visited only 
 on an order signed by the printer of the paper. The 
 mere material of this world-renowned journal is, how- 
 ever, but the simple dress of the vast minds that direct 
 it ; and though one cannot but be impressed with the 
 labyrinthine passages, the number of workmen, the 
 intricate machinery, and the vast extent of the working 
 department of this paper, how much more would he 
 wonder could the marvellous network with which it 
 encompasses the world, the numerous corps of working 
 minds which furnish the trains, and the various means 
 employed in carrying to consummation its vast designs, 
 be developed to his gaze ! Belonging to a proprietary 
 for a long time unknown to the outer world, the paper is 
 managed by an administration still more secret, and its 
 columns filled with the emanations of minds and men 
 
180 u The Times 55 Office. 
 
 whose names and identity are hidden even from each 
 other — at least, such was the received impression ; hut 
 in these times of scrutiny and investigation the principal 
 contributors are as well known to the “ knowing ones” 
 as could be desired, and the most prominent correspond- 
 ents are heralded wherever they go. Uncommitted to 
 parties, persons, or measures, The Times is to be found 
 battling ever on the side of the strongest, and where it 
 has improvidently made a mistake, its readiness to rectify 
 it is most commendable. Its reporters are to be found 
 everywhere, and its columns are open to everybody ; in 
 truth, every Englishman regards The Times as the legiti- 
 mate vehicle of complaint - whether it be against the 
 administration of a government, the judgment of a 
 tribunal, the bill of fare of a publican, or the incon- 
 siderate demands of “a cabby.” To “ write to The 
 Times ” is the solace of all his woes, and his readiest 
 course in time of trouble ; and it is amusing to note the 
 soothing influence the threat of so doing has on the mind 
 of the irate Briton who finds himself over-charged for 
 his dinner, or juggled out of his seat at the Opera. 
 Artemus Ward, whilst quietly lounging one evening at 
 the entrance to his hall in Piccadilly, quaintly recom- 
 mended the enraged holder of a shilling ticket, which 
 did not secure him the best seat in the house, to “ write 
 to The Times” and the dissatisfied pleasure -seeker im- 
 mediately went home to do so. 
 
The Hon . Artillery Company . 
 
 1 81 
 
 THE HON. ARTILLERY COMPANY, 
 
 oso to Finsbury Square is the Artillery Ground, for 
 e exercise and drill of this most ancient organization, 
 tiich dates as far back as 1585, “ during the fear of the 
 Danish Invasion.” It was subsequently disbanded, but 
 1610 a new company was formed, to which many 
 , untry gentleman belonged, in order to fit them for the 
 ! ',mmand of the “ train bands ” in the provinces. In the 
 ivil War they took up arms against the King, and 
 ffiaved on many occasions with great courage. In 1780 
 ! iey preserved the Bank of England from the mob, since 
 hich they have reposed on their laurels. In 1889 there 
 , as a dispute with the War Office, as to certain rights 
 hich happily ended in what might be termed a reconstitu- 
 on of the Company, for Her Majesty Queen Victoria, was 
 raciously pleased to grant a new Charter. On the 
 rounds, which are very spacious, they have a large houso, 
 ffiich is used for drills, meetings, and for festive occasions, 
 ffiis is the only existing organization of what were for- 
 merly the “ train-bands ” of London, and it will be 
 emembered of John Gilpin that 
 
 A train-band captain eke was he 
 Of famous London Town.” 
 
 I 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 SUBURBAN LONDON. 
 
 Having “done” London more or less thoroughly, as 
 time or inclination may permit, the stranger will 
 naturally ask, What is to be seen in its vicinity ? Much 
 that is interesting and beautiful, both natural and 
 artificial. To the American who has witnessed the scenery 
 of the Hudson, the grandeur of Niagara, or the vastness 
 of the Western prairies ; or to the Continental, who 
 talks of the beautiful Rhine, romantic Switzerland, 
 handsome Paris, or classic Rome— the sights and scenes 
 of a quiet English landscape are mainly attractive for 
 their high state of cultivation and their repose. Historic 
 associations will also combine to render them interesting 
 to the lover of English literature— and who that can read 
 it does not love it ? To those economical of time, the ; 
 best course is that laid down by Murray, who advises a 
 visit to Hampton Court, and a descent by the river boats. 
 I his, to be sure, will give only a passing glance at 
 the various objects of interest, but beyond the exterior 
 view one gains but little, and many of the places named 
 will bear a lengthened visit. Without, however, 
 venturing to give any definite plan ourselves, we present 
 
Suburban London . 183 
 
 n the following lines a brief account of some few of the 
 better known places worth visiting. First is 
 
 HAMPTON COURT, 
 
 Which is situate on the north side of the Thames, in the 
 jounty of Middlesex, about twelve miles from London, 
 ind is easily reached by rail from Waterloo Station, by 
 private conveyance from the Hotel, or, in the summer 
 nonths, by steamer from any of the piers, and by coach 
 ,’rom Hatchett’s, Piccadilly, the last named being a 
 diarming way of making the journey, especially on a 
 3ne day. The Palace was first designed, as a residence 
 for himself, by Cardinal Wolsey ; but, in order to propi- 
 tiate his master, he exchanged it for Richmond Palace 
 and other properties. William III. added greatly to the 
 jDriginal buildings, and it now comprises three quadrangles, 
 .livided into apartments, which are occupied chiefly by 
 poor relatives of noble families, who hold tenure by 
 special permission of the Crown. 
 
 The building, which is of red brick, with stone cornices 
 , ind dressings, is a rather imposing structure, and is open 
 ;o the public every day except Friday (when it is closed 
 for the purpose of cleaning the apartments), from 
 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. from April to the 1st of October, and 
 j'rom 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. the remainder of the year. On 
 Sundays the hours are from 2 p.m. The Great Hail, 
 commenced by Wolsey and finished by King Henry VIII., 
 s 106 feet in length, 40 feet in width, and 60 feet in 
 aeight, and is one of the principal features, being a truly 
 
1 84 Suburban London . 
 
 noble apartment. Over one thousand pictures are exposed 
 to view, some of them very famous, including the cele- 
 brated beauties of the Court of King Charles II., painted 
 by the famous Sir Peter Lely. No fee or payment to 
 attendants is permitted, save for the catalogue, which 
 costs sixpence, and is necessary to all desirous of seeing 
 a23preciatively the objects of interest surrounding them. 
 The celebrated cartoons of Eaphael, once the chief 
 feature of this place, have been removed to the South 
 Kensington Museum, where they are of much use to the 
 students ; but those that remain are worthy of inspection, 
 although as a rule they do not hold the highest reputation 
 for excellence or authenticity. There are also some good 
 Specimens of furniture of various periods here, and some 
 good china, &c. 
 
 The garden and park are among the most noteworthj" 
 of the vicinity, the former having a grape vine over ninety 
 years of age, which yields annually more than 1,200 
 pounds of grapes, which go to Her Majesty’s table. One 
 branch alone 110 feet long, and the vinery that covers it is 
 72 feet by 30 feet. 
 
 In the grounds is the celebrated “Maze,” the great 
 delight of juveniles and sentimental couples, who can lose 1 
 themselves in the most delightful manner without an 
 effort. The splendid avenues of yew-trees add greatly 
 to the beauty of the gardens, which are the work of the 
 great French gardener and architect Le Notre. In these 
 grounds the old system of Dutch gardening is seen to 
 perfection. For admission to the vinery a small fee is 
 charged. 
 
Suburban London . 
 
 1 85 
 
 ’ On the opposite side of the road, passing out through 
 tie Lion Gates, is Bushey Park, celebrated for its 
 Magnificent chestnut trees, its handsome fountain and 
 }S pleasant drives and walks, being open to all sorts of 
 f ehicles and pedestrians every day in the year. It is ono 
 f the grandest parks near the metropolis. 
 
 Taking steamer from the Palace you have before you a 
 journey of two hours, and after passing Teddington Lock, 
 [ he first on the Thames, you soon discern on the left 
 °ope’s Grotto, at Twickenham ; Strawberry Hill, the 
 ham castle of Horace Walpole, afterwards inhabited by 
 Trances, Countess Waldegrave; and on the right Ham 
 "louse, notorious as the meeting-place of the “ Cabal ” of 
 Charles II. ’s time. To these the nearest halting place 
 s 
 
 BICHMOND, 
 
 j 
 
 formerly known as Sheen, where a walk in the park will 
 imply compensate for the time and money expended on 
 he drive. The town is famous for a cake known as 
 4 Maids of Honour,” and from the top of the Hill some of 
 he finest views imaginable can be obtained. The park 
 ibounds in grand old timber, and together with Petersham 
 .Park affords abundance of fine walks. From Eichmond to 
 the famed 
 
 KEW GARDENS, 
 
 Is but a matter of a few minutes, passing en route Sion 
 House, occupied by the Duke of Northumberland. These 
 
Suburban London. 
 
 beautiful gardens, with their hardy exotic trees, Victoria 
 Regias, and large range of forcing and hot houses, present 
 Si eat attractions to the botanist and horticulturist, who can 
 heie survey the finest collection of plants in the whole 
 world. 
 
 A little lower down, and the world-renowned gardens of 
 the Royal Horticultural Society at 
 
 CHISWICK 
 
 Engross your attention. The house in which Hogarth 
 died is still existing in the locality, and is leased to the 
 Marquis of Bute. Chiswick is a pleasant suburb, and if 
 time permits a call should be made at the aesthetic village 
 of Bedford Park. Still further on appears 
 
 FULHAM, 
 
 And its quaint old palace, the residence of the Bishop of 
 London. To this point the river is comparatively clear 
 and very shallow, and in many places are seen largo flocks 
 of stately swans, belonging to the various City Companies, 
 private individuals, and the Queen. The next point of 
 interest is the far-famed 
 
 CHELSEA HOSPITAL. 
 
 This most meritorious institution, reserved for invalid 
 soldiers, was founded by Charles II., owing, it is related, 
 to a suggestion of Nell G wynne, and planned by Sir 
 
Suburban London. 187 
 
 iristopher Wren. It s'ands back from the river, and 
 insists of a main structure of red brick and two 
 mgs, forming three sides of a square, the opening- 
 anting the river. In the centre of the square is a 
 itue of its royal founder. Over 600 pensioners are 
 maintained in this establishment at an average expense 
 £46 a year, and over 83,000 out-pensioners at rates 
 ,rying from three halfpence to four shillings and 
 tpence a day. The principal objects of attraction to 
 e visitor, apart from the superannuated veterans of so 
 any battles, are the chapel, a neat edifice, with a fine 
 Minting of the Ascension, by Eicci, and the dining-hall, 
 j which are displayed a number of flags — trophies of 
 [•itish prowess, among which figure a baker’s dozen of 
 ankee bunting. The governor in charge is appointed 
 r Her Majesty with the advice of the Commander-in- 
 lief. 
 
 On the opposite bank of the river is Battersea Park, 
 .id lower down, on the same side as the Hospital, is tho 
 .illbank Penitentiary, with Lambeth Palace on the 
 ' posite side, and further on the Houses of Parliament and 
 . Thomas’s Hospital. 
 
 The stranger passing up or down the river will not fail 
 observe 
 
 THE THAMES EMBANKMENT, 
 
 msisting of a continuous quay, for a great extent 
 the way, on each side of the stream, and constructed of 
 wn granite. It has been built under the direction of the 
 
1 88 
 
 Suburban London. 
 
 Metropolitan Board of Works at a cost of over thn 
 millions sterling, the funds being raised by rates and du< 
 levied on coal, wines, &c. The roadway is upwards 
 100 feet in width, affording ample space for the Metropolita 
 District Bailway, and underneath is the great metropolita 
 sewer, which empties itself into the river at Barking, sou 
 distance below London Bridge. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 THE ENVIRONS OF LONDON. 
 
 Having taken our reader down the River Thames, wo shall 
 in the few following pages give a few trips that can he 
 taken in an afternoon, and which will well repay him for 
 the time expended. 
 
 THE CRYSTAL PALACE, Sydenham, 
 
 Was formed to a considerable extent of the materials Of 
 the Exhibition building of 1851, removed from Hyde Park. 
 The nave has an arched roof supported at regular intervals 
 by columns. There are three transepts, the centre one 120 
 feet wide and 194 feet high. The building is 1,608 feet in 
 length. It contains terraces, fountains, and has several 
 wings, also water towers, and the extensive grounds con- 
 tain numerous objects of interest. It was originally 
 designed as a great educational museum of art and natural 
 history, and ethnology ; and its gardens were to rival or 
 
190 The Environs of London. 
 
 surpass those of Versailles. This intention in the matter of 
 art was carried into effect by the provision of the finest 
 collection of casts of architectural ornaments and sculpture 
 in the world. These were brought together chiefly by Mr. 
 Owen Jones and Mr. Digby Wyatt, who designed the prin- 
 cipal “ courts,” Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Alhambra, 
 Byzantine, Mediaeval, Renaissance and Italian, and arranged 
 the specimens in them. The Pompeian house was produced 
 under the general direction of Mr. Wyatt, and the 
 Assyrian Court under that of Mr. Layard and Mr. Eurgeson. 
 The paintings in the Pompeian house were produced under 
 Signor Abbate’s direction. M. Bonomi assisted in the 
 Egyptian Court. Mr. Waterhouse Hawkins produced the 
 restored figures of extinct animals in the grounds. No 
 expense was spared to ensure accuracy. Of late years music 
 has taken an important place in the arrangements of the 
 Palace, and an orchestra, extending over the entire breadth 
 of the centre transept, was constructed previous to 1862 for 
 the great Handel Eestival of that year, which is repeated 
 every three years. There are, however, daily entertainments 
 of a very varied and amusing nature, for particulars see 
 daily papers ; at the same time, lectures and classes have 
 been instituted, also an excellent library reading room. 
 
 Ready and constant access is obtained by means of trains 
 from tho London Bridge, Victoria, Kensington, and other 
 stations of tho Brighton Railway Company ; Ludgate Hill, 
 B'.ackfriars, Victoria, and intermediate stations on tho 
 London, Chatham, and Hover Line. The admission 
 generally is but a shilling ; on Saturdays and grand fete 
 
The Environs of London. 191 
 
 days it is higher, ranging from half a crown to five 
 shillings. 
 
 A mile or two this side of the Palace stands 
 
 DULWICH COLLEGE, 
 
 An institution founded three -centuries ago by an actor 
 named Alleyn. In 1811 Sir Francis Bourgeois, a Royal 
 Academician, bequeathed all his pictures — good, bad, and 
 ndifferent to this college on condition that his remains, 
 vith those of two friends, should be placed in a mausoleum 
 lear his pictures. In this collection, which numbers 354, 
 ire the reputed works of many illustrious masters, the 
 uthenticity of which is perhaps not clearly established. 
 There are, however, rsome very fine works of Cuyp, Murillo, 
 lavid Teniers, and others of lesser fame ; and to one 
 apable of selecting the good from the bad the visit will be 
 ound profitable. The gallery is open free every day from 
 en to five in summer, and from ten to four in winter. It 
 an be reached by trains on the Lcndon, Chatham and 
 lover Railway. 
 
 THE ALEXANDRA PALACE 
 
 tands on Muswell Hill, in the centre of a park of 220 
 'Aes. It is about the same distance north of London as 
 
192 The Environs of London. 
 
 the Crystal Palace is south. The first building was 
 erected from the materials of the Exhibition of 1862, hut 
 was burnt down within a fortnight of its opening, in May, 
 1873. So quickly was it re-built that it was re-opened 
 in May, 1875. It is situated on an equally good, if, 
 indeed, it is not a superior situation to its rival. It is 
 now, however, shut, and it is somewhat doubtful if it 
 will ever he opened again as a place of popular amuse- 
 ment. 
 
 Adjoining the Alexandra Palace estate is 
 
 WOOD GEEEN ; 
 
 A very pleasant neighbourhood, and distant some five 
 miles from King’s Cross. Reached by rail from all 
 District, Metropolitan, and North London Railway 
 Stations. A pretty district, abounding with villas and 
 pleasant walks. The Printers’ Almshouses are also 
 situated here. For those who can enjoy a good walk, we 
 would recommend a stroll across country to 
 
 HIGHGATE, 
 
 Which can also be reached by rail from Moorgate Street, 
 King’s Cross, and all District and Metropolitan Railway 
 
The Environs of London. 193 
 
 Stations, also by omnibus from the City and Oxford Street, 
 and by tram from Hampstead Road, Moorgate Street, and 
 Aldersgate Street. The walks are extensive and picturesque, 
 and Highgate Cemetery is most pleasantly situated, costly 
 tombs being there erected to the memory of many eminent 
 men. On the Southern slope of Highgate Hill is situate 
 Waterlow Park, the gift in 18S9 of Sir Sidney H. Waterlow, 
 Bart., to the London County Council for the use of the 
 people for ever. It consists of about 29 acres of undulating- 
 ground, well timbered with oaks, old cedars of Lebanon, and 
 many other well grown trees and shrubs. Natural springs 
 supply a piece of ornamental water. 
 
 Lauderdale House stands upon the site, and is, perhaps, 
 of historical interest, as “Nell Gwynn ” resided here, and 
 her bath is still to be seen in the entrance hall. The jdace 
 was- formerly the residence of the Earl of Lauderdale, but 
 was confiscated at the time of the Civil War. The cottage 
 of Andrew Marvel, the poet, formerly stood just above 
 il Lauderdale,” and its position is marked by the steps 
 built in with the wall. 
 
 WINDSOR CASTLE AND PARK 
 
 Are within an hour’s ride of the metropolis, by the South 
 Western and Great Western Railways ; but a whole day 
 can be profitably employed in the excursion. The Castle 
 
 H 
 
194 The Environs of London, 
 
 is the general residence of Her Majesty during the session 
 of Parliament, and can only be inspected in the absence 
 of the Court. The Great Park is open and accessible at 
 all times. The Home Park, immediately connected with 
 the Castle, is reserved exclusively for the inmates 
 thereof. The Palace is close upon the town, the houses 
 almost abutting upon its very gates. For more than 
 seven centuries it has been a royal residence, tradition 
 assigning its origin to King Arthur himself, and 
 romance has seized it as the locale of the famous Round 
 Table and its valiant Knights. Edward III. was born 
 here, and Geoffrey Chaucer was once Clerk of the Works 
 of St. George’s Chapel, at a salary of two shillings a 
 day. The apartments open to public view consist of the 
 Queen’s Audience Chamber, the old Ball-room, the 
 Queen’s State Drawing-room, the State Ante-room, the 
 Grand Vestibule, the Waterloo Chamber, the Presence 
 Chamber, St. George’s Hall, the Guard Chamber, and 
 the Queen’s Presence Chamber. The portion of the 
 Castle occupied by Her Majesty can only be viewed by 
 express permission of the Lord Chamberlain, St. James’s 
 Palace. Tickets for admission to the other portions are 
 to be had at the Castle. Books giving ample descrip- 
 tions can also be obtained for a small sum. The Model 
 Dairy, the Royal Stables, the Tomb of Prince Albert, 
 are all well worthy a visit. Herne’s Oak and Virginia 
 Water are the special objects of interest in the park, the 
 Loug Walk of which is three miles in length. 
 
The Environs of London. 
 
 195 
 
 FROGMORE LODGE, 
 
 The residence of Prince and Princess Christian, is within 
 a mile ; and 
 
 ETON COLLEGE, 
 
 Famous all over the world, is also within sight of the 
 Castle, on the opposite bank of the river. It is a hand- 
 some building of the Tudor style, and has accommodation 
 in and around it for 900 pupils. The library is one of 
 the best in England, and the chapel one of the handsomest. 
 Tho Eton Montem, which takes place triennially, on 
 Whit Tuesday, is a most extraordinary festival, and 
 generally honoured by the presence of some of the Royal 
 Family. ♦ 
 
 WOOLWICH. 
 
 This down-river town, with its. extensive Arsenal and 
 factories, will afford much instruction to the intelligent 
 visitor ; it may be reached by rail from any of the 
 stations of the South Eastern Railway, either from 
 Charing Cross, Cannon Street, or London Bridge, also 
 by steamer from London Bridge and other piers. The 
 Arsenal, for the manufacture of military and naval stores, 
 
196 2 he Environs of London . 
 
 is nearly a mile long, and bounded on the river side by a 
 stone quay. There are also a Royal Military Academy, 
 Barracks, Military Hospital, &c. The Naval Museum is 
 open daily, free. Visitors are admitted to the Arsenal on 
 Tuesdays and Thursdays, between 10 and 11.30, and 
 between 2 and 4.30, for which an order must be obtained 
 at the War Office. Foreigners must apply to their 
 respective ambassadors. 
 
 HARROW. 
 
 Here is situated the well-known large public School. 
 Access to this pretty suburb is gained by the London 
 and North Western Railway (Euston Square), and from 
 all District, Metropolitan, and North London Railway 
 Stations. Lord Byron was educated at Harrow. From 
 the hill magnificent views are obtainable oft a clear day. 
 
 BOX HILL. 
 
 This has been described as the most beautiful of the 
 Surrey hills, and is reached by train from London Bridge 
 or Victor'a on the Brighton system, or from Charing 
 Cross on the South Eastern line. In the summer, frequent 
 excursions run to this truly sylvan spot, the return fare 
 being 3s. 
 
The Environs of London . 
 
 197 
 
 EPPIXG FOREST, CHINGFORD, LOUGHTON, 
 HIGH BEACH, &c. 
 
 Should time permit, the stranger should by all means 
 take a ramble through Epping Forest, as it affords some 
 of the finest walks and most delightful scenery to be 
 found near the metropolis ; in 1793 there were 12,000 acres 
 unenclosed, these have since been reduced to about 5,500 
 acres, and were purchased by The Corporation of London, 
 as a free and inalienable public park, opened by Her 
 Majesty the Queen in May, 1882. It is on the Great 
 Eastern line, the fare being very low. Queen Elizabeth’s 
 Hunting Lodge, High Beech, and Chingford Church, one 
 of the most ancient in England, should all be visited, and 
 are easily reached. 
 
 BROXBOTJRNE. 
 
 On the same line of railway, viz., from Liverpool 
 Street, is Broxbourne, with its fine gardens, boating, 
 fishing, amusements, &c., while close by is the scene of 
 the Rye House Plot. The neighbourhood is much resorted 
 to in fine weather by excursionists. Fare, by railway, 
 Is. return and upwards. 
 
igS 
 
 The Environs of London. 
 
 WALTHAM ABBEY. 
 
 Also on the same line of railway, and situate about 
 fourteen miles from London, is Waltham Abbey. It is 
 noted for its abbey, fishing, powder mills, &c. Portions 
 of the wall and gateway of the old abbey are still to 
 be seen. Permission must be obtained to see the powder 
 mills. 
 
 KINGSTON. 
 
 This is a very pretty part, and can easily be done at 
 the same time that Richmond or Hampton Court is 
 visited. It is reached from all District, Metropolitan, 
 North London, and South Western Railway Stations. 
 Kingston is a favourite resort for boating, fishing, &c. 
 Several interesting walks can be taken round about here. 
 
 MAIDENHEAD AND TAPLOW. 
 
 These are two pretty up-river resorts, and' are reached 
 by rail from the Paddington Station of the Great 
 Western Railway, and from any District and Metropoli- 
 tan Railway Station. These are favourite resorts for 
 picnic, fishing, and pleasure parties. Close by is 
 Cleveden, the seat of the Duke of Westminster, with 
 its grounds sloping to the edge of the Thames. This 
 is one of the most picturesque portions of the River 
 Thames. 
 
The Environs of London . 
 
 199 
 
 MILL HILL. 
 
 By rail from Moorgate Street, Ludgate Hill, St. 
 Pancras, and all District and Metropolian Railway 
 Stations. Mill Hill Grammar School, an excellent 
 educational institution, is situated here. The surround- 
 ing scenery is very picturesque, and affords several 
 charming rambles. 
 
 The above will, we think, afford sufficient variety to 
 the pleasure-seeker ; should he, however, desire to extend 
 his rambles, we must refer him to Murray, or some other 
 of the numerous guides published. 
 
200 
 
 BATHS, &c. 
 
 The public establishments of this character are very 
 complete in their arrangements, and morit a visit from 
 the philanthropist. Several parishes have established 
 baths and washhouses for the use of the poorer classes, 
 which have proved of great service. 
 
 For Swimming Baths we prefer The St. Marylebcne, 
 Marylebone Boad, The Paddington, Queen’s Road, Bays- 
 water, or The Lambeth, Westminster Bridge Road. 
 
 For Turkish Baths we would recommend the Royal York 
 Baths, York Terrace, Regent’s Park, and The Hammam, 
 76, Jermyn Street. 
 
 Bathing is permitted in the Serpentine, Hyde Park, 
 before 8 a.m. and after 8 p.m. 
 
201 
 
 UNITED STATES’ OFFICIALS. 
 
 The following are the United States’ Officials in 
 London : — 
 
 U.S. Minister, Robert T. Lincoln, Official Residence, 
 123, Victoria Street, S.W. Private residence, 2, Cromwell 
 Houses, Cromwell Road, SAV. 
 
 First Secretary of Legation, Henry White ; Second 
 Secretary, Robert McCormick. Offices: 123, Victoria 
 
 Street, S.W. 
 
 Consul -General, John C. New ; Vice-Consul General, 0. 
 R. Johnson. Offices : 12, St. Helen’s Place, Bishopsgate, 
 
 Passports are issued by the U.S. Minister at 123, 
 Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W. 
 
 Execution of Deeds, Powers of Attorney, &c., requiring 
 official seal, are made by the U.S. Consul-General, 12, St. 
 Helen’s Place, Bishopsgate, and in either case identification 
 is necessary. 
 
202 
 
 AMERICAN BANKERS IN LONDON. 
 
 Messrs . Baring Brothers § Co., 8, Bishopsgate Street, 
 Within, E.C. 
 
 ,, Brown , Shipley $ Co., Founder’s Court, Lothbury, 
 E.C. 
 
 ,, J. S. Morgan $ Co., 22, Old Broad Street, E.C. 
 
 ,, Morton, Bose § Co., Bartholomew House, E.C. 
 
 ,, A. S. Betrie <§• Co., 11 , Old Broad Street, E.C. 
 
 Reading-rooms, furnished with complete files of all the 
 leading journals of the United States, for the convenience 
 of Americans visiting London, are now attached to all the 
 above banking houses, and some of the American insurance 
 offices. 
 
203 
 
 EMBASSIES. 
 
 America. — See page 201 . 
 
 Austria. — Embassy, 18, Belgrave Square; Consulate, 11, 
 Queen Victoria Street, E.C. 
 
 Belgium. — Legation, 36, Grosvenor Gardens, S.W. ; Con- 
 sulate, 118, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. 
 
 Brazil. — Legation, 32, Grosvenor Gardens, S.W. ; Con- 
 sulate, 6, Great Winchester Street, E.C. 
 
 China. — Legation, 49, Portland Place, W. 
 
 Denmark. — Legation, 19, Grosvenor Square, W. ; Con- 
 sulate, 5, Muscovy Court, Tower Hill. 
 
 France. — Embassy, Albert Gate House, Hyde Park; 
 
 General Consulate, 38, Finsbury Circus, E.C. 
 
 Germany. — Embassy, 9, Carlton House Terrace; General 
 Consulate, 5, Blomfield Street, London 
 Wall, E.C. 
 
 Greece. — Legation, 5, St. James Street, S.W. ; Consulate, 
 19, Great Winchester Street, E.C. 
 
 Italy. — Embassy, 20, Grosvenor Square, W . ; General Con- 
 state, 34, Old Jewry, E.C. 
 
 Japan. — Legation, 9, Cavendish Square, W. ; Consulate, 
 84, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. 
 
204 
 
 Embassies . 
 
 Netherlands. — Legation, 40, Grosvenor Gardens, S.W. ; 
 Consulate, 40, Finsbury Circus, E.C. 
 
 Persia. — Legation, 80, Holland Park, W. ; Consulate, 1, 
 Drapers’ Gardens, Throgmorton Avenue, E.C. 
 
 Portugal. — Embassy, 12, Gloucester Place, Portman 
 Square, W. ; Consulate, 3, Throgmorton 
 Avenue, E.C. 
 
 .Russia, — Embassy, Chisham House, Belgrave Square. ; 
 
 Consulate, 17, Great Winchester Street, E.C. 
 
 Stain. — Embassy, 40, Portland Place, W. ; Consulate, 21, 
 Bill iter Street, E.C. 
 
 Sweden and Norway. — Legation, 47, Charles Street, 
 Berkeley Square, W. ; Consulate, 24, Groat 
 Winchester Street, E.C. 
 
 Switzerland. — Consulate, 25, Old Broad Street. 
 
 Turkey. — Embassy, 1, Bryanston Square; Consulate, 
 Union Court, Old Broad Street, E,C. 
 
205 
 
 CONVEYANCES, &c. 
 
 MAIN LINE RAILWAY STATIONS. 
 
 These can all be reached by rail from any of the Metro- 
 politan or District stations. 
 
 The Great Eastern Railway, from Liverpool Street, 
 extends into the Eastern Counties of England (East Anglia) 
 and the North ; and to the Docks, Tilbury, and Gravesend 
 (running over the system of the Tilbury and Southend 
 branch) by the Fenchurch Street line. 
 
 The Great Northern Railway, King’s Cross, is one of the 
 direct routes to the North and North-East. 
 
 The Great Western Railway, Paddington, is the principal 
 line of railway communication with all parts of the West of 
 England, Midland Counties, North and South Wales, &c. 
 
 The London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway, from 
 London Bridge and Victoria, is the favourite pleasure traffic 
 line to our leading watering places — Isle of Wight, Brigh- 
 ton, &c., and the direct route for Paris and the Continent 
 via Newhaven and Dieppe. 
 
 The London, Chatham, and Dover Railway, from 
 Holborn Viaduct and Victoria, is the route to the South- 
 East of England and Short Sea Mail route for ail parts 
 of the Continent via Dover and Calais. 
 
 The London and North-Western Railway, Euston Square, 
 is one of the great starting-points for the North and North- 
 West. This is the largest railway company in the kingdom. 
 
2 06 
 
 Conveyances , &*c. 
 
 The London and South-Western Railway, Waterloo 
 Road, extends to the South-Western districts of England, 
 including Portsmouth, Southampton, and the Isle of 
 Wight. 
 
 The Midland Railway, St. Pancras, is the great route to 
 the centre of England and the North. 
 
 The South-Eastern Railway, Charing Cross, is the route 
 to the South and South -E^st of England, and corresponds 
 with all parts of the Continent via Dover. 
 
 METROPOLITAN RAILWAYS. 
 
 These are mostly underground. The trains, which are 
 lighted with gas, run at intervals of three or four minutes. 
 Starting fiom Aldgate, the extreme east station, the lines 
 extend westward to Blackfriars, thence undorneath the 
 Thames Embankment, through Charing Cross (for South- 
 Eastern Railway) to Westminster, Victoria (for Chatham 
 and Dover, and Brighton and South Coast Railways), 
 South Kensington, Notting Hill Gate, Bayswater and 
 Paddington, and then eastward through Baker Street (for 
 St. John’s Wood and Harrow Branch), Portland Road, 
 King’s Cross (for Great Northern and Midland Main 
 Lines), Moorgate Street, and Bishopsgate Street (for the 
 Great Eastern Railways), to return to Aldgate, a total 
 distance of about twelve miles. This is known as the 
 “ Inner Circle.” 
 
 There is also another Circle which runs in connection 
 with the Inner Circle, by which it is possible to reach most 
 
Conveyances , &c. 207 
 
 of the suburban resorts. As a proof of the extent of 
 railway traffic it may be mentioned that 2,200 trains leave 
 the stations of London every twenty-four hours. Every 
 hour between ten in the morning and eleven at night, 1,600 
 trains start for the various termini in London — that is, at 
 the rate of 120 and more every hour, or two a minute, all 
 day long, not including the trains on the Metropolitan and 
 Metropolitan District. Of the 2,200 despatched daily, 
 1,750 serve the suburbs and a suburban region of thirty 
 miles around the City ; 15 leave for Scotland and Ireland 
 and 16 for the Continent ; 312 trains start from Vic- 
 toria, 321 from Liverpool Street, and 395 from Broad 
 Street. 
 
 OMNIBUSES, TRAMWAYS, &c. 
 
 The London General Omnibus Company have some 600 
 vehicles working daily all over London, many of which 
 are much improved upon the old ones. The company has 
 8,000 horses, the number of miles run is over 5,500,000 
 annually, and the number of passengers carried during the 
 same period about 48,000,000. Numerous job masters 
 also run vehicles, and the London Road Car Company 
 have recently put some omnibuses of improved con- 
 struction upon many of the principal routes, their low 
 fares rendering them the favourite conveyance of a 
 large number of the travelling public. The fares, which 
 range from one halfpenny to sixpence — the former being 
 the fare for conveyance over some of the bridges — are 
 
208 
 
 Conveyances , &V. 
 
 painted up inside the vehicle. The great central points 
 from which omnibuses can be obained are the following : — - 
 All the Railway Stations ; the Bank of England ; Charing 
 Cross ; Oxford Street — corner of Tottenham Court Road ; 
 Oxford Street — Regent Circus ; Piccadilly — Regent Circus, 
 and White Horse Cellar, a little to the right of Bond 
 Street ; Sloane Street, near Hyde Park ; Gracechurch 
 Street ; the Angel, Islington ; the Elephant and Castle ; 
 London Bridge ; Westminster Bridge, and Royal Oak ; 
 the majority of them commence running at eight in the 
 morning, and continue till twelve at night, succeeding each 
 other every five minutes during the busy parts of the day. 
 Appended are some of the most useful routes for the visitors, 
 in each of which the nearest point to the Langham is shown 
 in small capitals. 
 
 Bank.— See Bayswater and Bank. 
 
 Battersea Park and Buckingham Palace.— 
 
 Colour of Omnibus — Red. Route — From the South London 
 Tramway Terminus, via Chelsea Bridge, Pimlico Road, 
 Buckingham Palace Road, Victoria Railway Station, 
 to James Street, St. James’s Park. 
 
 Bayswater and Bank. — Colour — Hark Green (“ John 
 Bull ”). Route — From the “ Clarendon,” Clarendon Road, 
 via Elgin Crescent, Kensington Park Road, Westbourne 
 Grove, Bishop’s Road, Paddington, Edgware Road, Oxford 
 Circus, Holborn, Cheapside and Bank. 
 
209 
 
 Conveyances , &rc. 
 
 Bayswater and London Bridge Railways (via 
 Holborn). — Colour — Yellow. Route— From the ‘ 4 Royal 
 Oak,” Westbourne Grove, via Bishop’s Boad, Paddington, 
 Harrow Boad, Edgware rBoad, Oxeord Circus, Holborn, 
 Cheapside, King William Street, and London Bridge. 
 (Via King’s Cross) — Colour— Light Green, Route — 
 Prom the “ Boyal Oak,” via Bishop’s Boad, Harrow Boad, 
 Edgware Boad, Marylebone Boad, Euston Boad, Penton- 
 ville Boad, Islington, City Boad, Moorgate Street, King 
 William Street, and London Bridge. 
 
 Bayswater. — See Hotting Hill and Mile End.— Hotting 
 Hill and Whitechapel. 
 
 Blackwail and Piccadilly Circus.— Colour— Hark 
 Blue. Route — Prom Blackwail Stairs, via East India Boad, 
 Commercial Boad, Aldgate, Leadenhall Street, Cornhill, 
 Cheapside, Fleet Street, Strand, Charing Cross, Haymarket, 
 and Piccadilly Circus. 
 
 Blackwail Station. — See Kilburn and Blackwail 
 Bailway. 
 
 Bow and Oxford Circus.— Colour— Hark Green. 
 Route — Prom the “ King’s Arms,” via Bow Boad, Mile 
 End Boad, Whitechapel, Cornhill, Cheapside, Fleet Street, 
 Strand, Charing Cross Station, Waterloo Place, Begent 
 Street, and Oxeord Circus. 
 
 Brixton and Oxford Circus.— Colour— Light Green. 
 Route — From Brixton Church, via Brixton Boad, Kenning- 
 ton Boad, Westminster Bridge Boad, Westminster Bridge, 
 
210 Conveyances , &*c. 
 
 Parliament Street, Charing Cross, Regent Street, and 
 Oxford Circus. 
 
 Brompton, Holloway, and Islington.— Colour— 
 Dark Blue. Route— From the “ Queen’s Elm,” via 
 Brompton Road, Knightsbridge, Piccadilly, Oxford Cir- 
 cus, Euston Road, and Caledonian Road for Holloway ; 
 Pentonville Road for Islington. 
 
 Camberwell. — See Camden Town and Camberwell. — 
 St John’s "Wood and Camberwell. 
 
 Camden Town and Camberwell, or Old Kent 
 Road. — Colour— Dark Blue (“ Waterloo”). Route — From 
 the “ Britannia,” Camden Town, via Park Street, Albany 
 Street, Great Portland Street, Oxford Circus, Charing 
 Cross Station, Strand, Waterloo Bridge, Waterloo Pailway 
 Station, London Road, and Walworth Road for Camber- 
 well ; New Kent Road, for the “ Swan,” Old Kent Road. 
 
 Charing Cross Station.— Camden Towm and 
 Camberwell. — Bow and Oxford Circus. 
 
 Chelsea and Hoxton. — Colour — Chocolate. Route 
 — From the u Globe,” via King’s Road, Sloane Street, 
 Knightsbridge, Piccadilly Circus, Haymarket, Strand, 
 Fleet Street, Cheapside, Moorgate Street, Pitfield Street, 
 to the “ Whitmore’s Head,” St. John’s Road. 
 
 Chelsea and Old Ford — Colour — Chocolate. Route 
 — From “ Cremorne Tavern,” (near where w 7 ere formerly 
 the Cremorne Gardens), via King’s Road, Sloane Street ? 
 
2 I I 
 
 Conveyances , &c. 
 
 Knightsbridge, Piccadilly Circus, Haymarket, Strand, 
 Fleet Street, Cheapside, Threadneedle Street, Bishops- 
 gate Street, Shoreditch, Church Street, Bethnal Green 
 Road. 
 
 Clapham and Oxford Circus.— Colour— Chocolate. 
 Route — From the 44 Plough,” Clapham Common, via 
 Stockwell, Kennington, Westminster Bridge Road, 
 Westminster Bridge, Charing Cross, Regent Street, and 
 Oxford Circus. 
 
 Clapton and Oxford Circus.— Colour— Dark Green. 
 Route — From Lea Bridge Road, via Lower Clapton Road, 
 Church Street, Mare Street, Cambridge Heath, Hackney 
 Road, Shoreditch, Bishopsgate Street, Threadneedle Street, 
 Cheapside, Holborn, and Oxford Circus. 
 
 Croydon and Oxford Circus.— Colour— Dark Green 
 (three horses). Route — From 4 4 Swan and Sugar Loaf,” 
 via Thornton Heath, Streatham, Brixton Road, Ken- 
 nington Road, Westminster Bridge Road, Westminster 
 Bridge, Parliament Street, Pall Mall, Waterloo Place, 
 Regent Street, and Oxford Circus. 
 
 Fulham and London Bridge.— Colour— White. 
 Route — From the 44 Eight Bells,” Putney Bridge, via 
 Fulham Road, Brompton Road, Knightsbridge, Pic- 
 cadilly Circus, Strand, Fleet Street, St. Paul’s, Cannon 
 Street, and London Bridge. 
 
 Hammersmith and Liverpool Street Station. 
 
 — Colour — Red. Route — From the 44 Roebuck,” Turn- 
 
212 
 
 Conveyances , &c. 
 
 ham Green, via King Street, Broadway, Kensington 
 Road, Knightsbridge, Piccadilly Circus, Charing Cross, 
 Strand, Fleet Street, St. Paul’s, Cheapside, and Liverpool 
 Street. 
 
 Harrow Road and London Bridge.— Colour— 
 Yellow. Route — From the “Prince of Wales,” via 
 Harrow Road, Bishop’s Road, Paddington, Edgware 
 Road, Oxford Circus, Holborn, Cheapside, King William 
 Street, and London Bridge. 
 
 Holloway. — See Brompton, Holloway, and Islington. 
 
 Hornsey Rise and Pimlico. — Colour — Dark Green. 
 Route — From the “ Shaftesbury Arms,” via Hornsey Road, 
 Seven Sisters’ Road, Holloway Road, Upper Street, 
 Islington, St. John’s Street Road, Exmouth Street, Gray’s 
 Inn Road, Holborn, Chancery Lane, Strand, Parliament 
 Street, and Victoria Street. 
 
 Hoxton. — See Chelsea and Hoxton. 
 
 Islington. — See Baysw r ater and London Bridge (via 
 King’s Cross). — Brompton, Holloway and Islington, 
 Hornsey Rise, and Pimlico. — Stoke Newington and 
 Pimlico. 
 
 Kennington. — See Clapham and Oxford Circus. — 
 Mitcham and Oxford Circus. 
 
 Kensal Green and London Bridge.— Colour— 
 Yellow. Route — From the “ William the Fourth,” via 
 Harrow Road, Bishop’s Road, Paddington, Edgware 
 
Conveyances , &c. 2 1 3 
 
 Road, Oxford Circus, Holborn, Cheapside, King William 
 Street, and London Bridge. 
 
 Kilburnand Charing Cross.— Colour — Red. Route 
 — From the “ Palmerston,” via Paddington, Edgware 
 Road, Oxford Circus, and Regent Street, to Charing 
 Cross Railway Station. 
 
 Kilburn and Blackwall Railway. — Colour — Dark 
 Green. Route — From the “ Cock,” via Edgware Road, 
 Oxford Circus, Holborn, Cheapside, Cornhill, Lcadenhall 
 Street, and Billiter Street. 
 
 Knightsbridge.— See Brompton, &c. 
 
 Liverpool Street Station. — Many omnibuses from 
 Oxford Circus. 
 
 London Bridge Railways.— #^ Bayswater and 
 London Bridge Railways. 
 
 Mile End. — See Hotting Hill and Mile End. 
 
 Mitcham and Oxford Circus.— Colour— Chocolate. 
 Ro ute —From [.the “ White Hart,” via Tooting, Balham, 
 Clapham, Stockwell, Kennington, Westminster Bridgo 
 Road, Westminster Bridge, Charing Cross, Regent Street, 
 and Oxford Circus. 
 
 Notting Hill and Charing Cros 3 .— Colour— Red. 
 Route — From the “Earl of Lonsdale,” Archer Street, via 
 Westbourne Grove, Bishop’s Road, Harrow Road, 
 Edgware Road, Oxford Circus, Regent Street, and 
 Cockspur Street. 
 
214 
 
 Conveyances , &c. 
 
 Notting Hill and Mile End.— Colour— Light 
 Green. Route — From the office, Notting Hill, via Bays- 
 water Road, Oxford Circus, Holborn, Cheapside, 
 Whitechapel, and Mile End Road. 
 
 Notting Hill and Whitechapel— Colour— Dark 
 Green. Route — From the u Clarendon ” Clarendon Road, 
 via Elgin Crescent, Kensington Park Road, Westbourne 
 Grove, Bishop’s Road, Paddington, Edgware Road, 
 Oxford Circus, Holborn, Cheapside, Cornhill, and 
 Whitechapel. 
 
 Old Ford. — See Chelsea and Old Ford. 
 
 Old Kent Road. — See Camden Town and Camber- 
 well. — St. John’s Wood and Camberwell. 
 
 Paddington Station. — See Bayswater and London 
 Bridge Railways. — Harrow Road and London Bridge. — 
 Kensal Green and London Bridge. — Kilburn and Charing 
 Cross. — Hotting Hill and Whitechapel. 
 
 Pimlico and Oxford Circus.— Colour— Blue. Route 
 — From Victoria Station, vid Grosvenor Place, Piccadilly, 
 Bond Street, and Oxford Circus. 
 
 St John’s Wood and Camberwell, or Old Kent 
 Road. — Colour — Light Green ( “ Atlas”). Route — From 
 the “ Princess of Wales,” or “ Swiss Cottage,” vid Wel- 
 lington Road, Park Road, Baker Street, Oxford Circus, 
 Regent Street, Charing Cross, Parliament Street, West- 
 minster Bridge, Westminster Bridge Road, London Road, 
 and Walworth Road for Camberwell ; New Kent Road 
 for the “ Swan,” Old Kent Road. 
 
Conveyances , &c. 215 
 
 St. John’s Wood and London Bridge.— Colour 
 - — Dark Green. Route — from the “ Princess of Wales,” 
 or “ Swiss Cottage,” via Wellington Road, Park Road, 
 Baker Street, Oxford Circus, Holborn, Cheapside, King 
 William Street, and London Bridge. 
 
 Shepherd’s Bush and Bank.— Colour — Light 
 Green. Route — From the “ Queen of England,” vice Gold* 
 hawk Road, Shepherd’s Bush Green, Uxbridge Road, 
 Bayswater Road, Oxford Circus, Holborn, Cheapside, 
 and Bank. 
 
 Shoreditch.— See Chelsea and Old Ford. 
 
 Starch Green and Lombard Street.— Colour— 
 Light Green. Route — From the “ Queen of England,” 
 Goldhawk Road, via Shepherd’s Bush, Uxbridge Road, 
 Bayswater Road, Oxford Circus, Holborn, Cheapside, 
 and Lombard Street. 
 
 Stoke Newington and Pimlico.— Colour— Dark 
 Green. Route — From Abney Park Cemetery, vid Church 
 Street, Newington Green, Mildmay Park, Essex Road, 
 “ Angel,” St. John Street Road, Exmouth Street, Mount 
 Pleasant, Gray’s Inn Road, Holborn, Chancery Lane, 
 Strand, Charing Cross, and Victoria Street. 
 
 Streatham and Oxford Circus.— Colour— Green. 
 Route — From il White Lion ” to Brixton, where change ; 
 then vid Brixton Road, Kennington Road, Westminster 
 Bridge Road, Charing Cross, Waterloo Place, Regent 
 Street, and Oxford Circus. 
 
 Victoria Station.—^ Pimlico and Oxford Circus. 
 
21 6 
 
 Conveyances , 
 
 Walliani Green and City.— Colour— White. Route 
 — From the <c White Hart,” via Brompton Road, 
 Knightsbridge, [Piccadilly, Charing Cross, Strand, 
 Fleet Street, Cheapside, to Broad Street Railway Station. 
 
 Waterloo Station. — See Camden Town and Cam- 
 berwell. — St. John’s AYoodand Camberwell, 
 
 Whitechapel. — See Notting Hill and Whitechapel. — 
 Hotting Hill and Mile End. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OMNIBUSES. 
 
 Some of the Railway Companies have also started 
 running omnibuses for the convenience of persons travel- 
 ling over their lines and others in connection therewith. 
 Thus, the London and North-Western Railway Company 
 and the Midland Railway Company run vehicles to the 
 Waterloo and the Charing Cross Stations, and omnibuses 
 also run between the Great Northern and Waterloo, Great 
 Eastern and Waterloo, and other stations. 
 
 Private omnibuses are also supplied by the Langham 
 Hotel for the convenience of visitors and their baggage, 
 the fare being usually Is. per mile, with a minimum 
 charge of 3s. Where the party is large these vohicles 
 are very convenient. 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 The principal are from Moorgate Street to Stoko 
 Newington, Clapton, Lea Bridge, Woodford, Holloway, 
 
217 
 
 Conveyances , &~'c. 
 
 Finsbury Park, and Highgate ; Whitechapel to Bow and 
 Stratford, Aldgato and Poplar ; and Aldersgate Street to 
 Holloway, Highgate, Finsbury Park, and Clapton. Those 
 south of the Thames have their terminals at Blackfriars, 
 Westminster, and London Bridges, and extend to Green- 
 wich, Woolwich, Charlton, Peckham, Brixton, Clapham, 
 and Battersea. In the west there are tramways from 
 the Uxbridge Road Station of the North-Western and 
 Great Western Railways to the Priory at Acton on the 
 one hand, and to Kew Bridge on the other. 
 
 COACHES. 
 
 Several four-hcrsed stage coaches have been established 
 by gentlemen drivers, and these run during the summer 
 months, in imitation of those that formed the means of 
 communication before railways were introduced. The 
 following start from the' Old White Horse Cellar, 
 in Piccadilly, a few doors west of Bond Street, on 
 the opposite side of the way:— For Guildford at 11 a.m., 
 via Kingston, Esher, and Cobharn ; fares, inside 6s., 
 outside 10s.; return, 15s. For Windsor at 11.30 a.m., 
 via Richmond, Hampton, and Staines ; fares, 10s. ; 
 return, 17s. 6d. For St. Albans at 10.45 a.m., via Hendon, 
 Edgware, and Watford , fares, 10s. ; return, 15s. For 
 Box Hill and Dorking at 11 a.m., via Roehampton, Sur- 
 biton, Epsom, and Leatherhead ; fares, 9s. ; return, 15s. 
 For Oatlands Park at 11 a.m. (winter), via Kingston 
 
2 1 8 Conveyances , &*c. 
 
 Vale and Hampton Court ; fares 65 . ; return, 126 '. For 
 Virginia Water at 10.45 a.m. (summer), via Richmond, 
 Hampton Couit, Oatlands Park, and Chertsey ; fares, 
 105. ; return, 176. Gd. For Bentley Priory at 11.45 a.m., 
 via “ Welsh Harp,” Hendon; fares, 66 .; return, 106 . 
 Box seats are usually 26 . Gd. extra each way. Coaches 
 also run from the White Horse Cellar to Epsom and 
 Ascot on the race days. Seats should be secured in 
 advance. 
 
 CAB FARES from the 
 
 6. d. 
 
 Albert Hall ... 1 6 
 
 Bank of England ..16 
 Battersea Park ..20 
 Belgravia .... 1 0 
 
 Billingsgate Market . 2 0 
 
 Bow Church ... 1 6 
 
 Bridges — Blackfriars 1 6 
 
 Hungerford ... 1 0 
 
 Lambeth .... 1 6 
 
 London .... 2 0 
 
 Southwark ... 2 0 
 
 Vauxhall .... 1 6 
 
 Waterloo .... 1 0 
 
 Westminster ... 1 0 
 
 British Museum ..10 
 Cattle Market ... 2 0 
 Charing Cross ... 1 0 
 
 LANGHAM HOTEL to 
 
 6. d. 
 
 Charterhouse ... 1 6 
 
 Chelsea Hospital ..20 
 Clubs — all the clubs . 1 0 
 
 Covent Garden Mar- 
 ket 10 
 
 Docks — London and 
 St. Katharine’s ..26 
 West India ... 3 6 
 Exeter Hall .... 1 0 
 
 Foundling Hospital . 1 0 
 
 Gray’s Inn .... 1 0 
 
 Guildhall .... 1 6 
 
 Horse Guards ... 1 0 
 
 Houses of Parliament 1 0 
 
 Kensington Palace 
 and Gardens ... 1 6 
 
 Lambeth Palace ..16 
 
Conveyances , 6°<r. 219 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 Lincoln’s Inn Fields . 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 St. James’s Hall . . 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 Lord’s Cricket Grn’d. 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 St. Paul’s Cathedral . 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Mansion House . . 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 Somerset House . . 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 Metropolitan Cattle 
 
 
 
 South Kensington 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Market .... 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Spurgeon’s Tab’rnacle 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 Mint 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 Tatters all’s . . . . 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Model Prison . . . 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Theatres — All the 
 
 
 
 Monument .... 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 principal on the 
 
 
 
 National Gallery . 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 north side of the 
 
 
 
 Opera Houses . . . 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 river 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 Parks— Battersea . . 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 Times Newspaper . . 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Green, Hyde, St. 
 
 
 
 Tower of London . 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 James’s, Regent’s . 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 Westminster Abbey . 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 Post Office .... 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Zoological Gardens . 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 Royal Exchange . . 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 Oab Fares for two persons, with, a reasonable quantity 
 of luggage, to or from the following railway stations : — 
 
 s. cl. 
 
 Blackwall Station 2 0 
 
 Broad Street ,, 2 0 
 
 Cannon Street Station 2 0 
 
 Charing Cross ,, 10 
 
 Euston Square ,, 10 
 
 Holborn Viaduct , , 10 
 
 Kensington ,, 2 0 
 
 King’s Cross Station 
 Liverpool Street ,, 
 London Bridge ,, 
 Paddington , , 
 
 Victoria ,, 
 
 Waterloo Road ,, 
 
 s. d . 
 1 0 
 2 0 
 2 0 
 1 0 
 1 G 
 1 G 
 
220 
 
 PRINCIPAL RAILWAY ROUTES. 
 
 Those who contemplate extending their travels to the 
 Continent, or indeed to any part of the world, we strongly 
 recommend to apply at the office of Messrs. Thomas Cook 
 and Son in the Hotel, where tickets and all information as 
 to the best routes and the times of trains can he obtained. 
 Messrs. Cook and Son’s general travelling arrangements 
 are so widely extended that they can supply tickets to 
 almost any point that tourists may wish to visit, the regular 
 travelling ticket being printed in English on one side and 
 in the language of the country where it is used on the 
 other, and it contains all the information the traveller 
 needs. 
 
 London to Paris. — Mail express service daily by the 
 London, Chatham, and Dover Railway : — Sixty Minutes 
 Sea Passage. 
 
 Fares . — Single tickets, London to Paris, vid Calais (283 
 miles) : 1st class, £3 Is. 6d . ; 2nd, £2 6s. 6d. Return 
 tickets, available for one month : 1st class, £4 18s. 3d . ; 
 2nd, £3 18s. 3d. Cheap night service : 2nd class, £1 13s. Qtf. 
 3rd, £1 2s. 6d. Return (14 days), £2 10s. 3d. and £1 14s. 9d. 
 
 London and Paris, via Folkestone and Boulogne (225 
 miles). — Trains run daily from Charing Cross station to 
 Folkestone Harbour, and from Paris to Boulogne, to meet 
 the tidal boats. Fares : Single tickets, 1st class, £2 17s. 6d. ; 
 
Principal Railway Routes. 221 
 
 2nd, £2 3 5 . Qd. Return tickets, available for one month: 
 1st class, £4 185 . 3 d. ; 2nd, £3 I 85 . 3d . 
 
 London to Paris, via Newhaven and Dieppe, from 
 Victoria Station and London Bridge, by London, Brighton, 
 and South Coast Railway. A most picturesque route 
 through Normandy. Through Pares : Single tickets, 
 available for seven days, 1st class, £1 145. Id. ; 2nd, 
 £1 5 5 . 7 d. ; 3rd, I 85 . 'Id. Return tickets, available for one 
 month : 1st class, £2 I 85 . 3 A ; 2nd, £2 25. 3 d. ; 3rd, 
 £1 135. 3d. 
 
 London to Paris, via Southampton and Havre, every 
 Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Time, usually eighteen 
 to twenty hours. Channel crossing eight to nine hours. 
 Fares, 1st class, £1 135. ; 2nd, £1 45. 
 
 London to Brussels. — If bound for Belgium, and 
 wishing to shorten the Channel passage, the route via the 
 London, Chatham, and Dover, or South Eastern Railways 
 to Dover, and thence via Calais and Lille, .will be the best. 
 The time occupied is about ten hours (Channel passage, 
 sixty minutes). Fares: 1st class, £2 135.; 2nd, £2. 
 
 Return tickets, available for 30 days, 1st c"ass, £4 135. Od. ; 
 2nd, £3 I 5 . Travelling via Dover and Ostend will take 
 ten hours (Channel passage, three to four hours). Fares: 
 1st class, £1 195. 6d. ; 2nd, £1 95. Return tickets, available 
 for 30 days, 1st class, £3 05. 9 d. ; 2nd, £2 5s. A cheaper 
 route is that of the Great Eastern Railway daily service 
 to Harwich, thence by steamer to Antwerp, and rail to 
 Brussels, Fares: Single, 1st class, £1 105. 3d.; 2nd, 
 
222 Principal Railway Routes . 
 
 18s. 3 d. Beturn, 1st class, £2 6s. 3d . ; 2nd, £1 9s. Time, 
 about 13 hours. 
 
 To Berlin. — One route is vid Brussels, as above, and 
 tbence vid Yerviers and Aix-le-Chapelle to Cologne, from 
 which place Berlin may be reached direct by rail. The 
 time occupied to Cologne is fifteen hours ; to Berlin, twenty- 
 seven hours. Fares: 1st class [vid Calais), £5 19s. 6d. ; 
 2nd, £4 8s. Beturn (30 days), 1st class, £9 14s. ; 2nd, 
 £7 Qd. ( vid Ostend) : 1st class, £5 8s. ; 2nd, £3 19s. 6d. 
 Beturn (30 days), 1st class, £8 13s. 3 d. ; 2nd, £6 8s. 9 d. 
 The quickest route is via Queenboro’ and Flushing. Time, 
 twenty-six hours. Daily ser\ ice. Fares : Single, 1st class, 
 £5 2s. 11^. ; 2nd, £3 14s. 11 d. Beturn (30 days), 1st class, 
 £7 14s. 6d. ; 2nd, £5 12s. 4d. This route is the favourite 
 for all North German towns, and possesses the advantage 
 of being more speedy and cheaper than the Calais route. 
 The cheapest route is vid Harwich and Botterdam. Time, 
 35 hours. Fares : Single, 1st class, £4 3s. ; 2nd, £2 18s. 2 d. 
 Beturn (30 days), 1st class, £6 5s. 5 d . ; 2nd, £4 7s. 9 d. 
 
 To Cologne. — The quickest route is that vid Calais and 
 Brussels, as before. Fares ( vid Calais) : 1st class, £3 9s. 6d . ; 
 2nd, £2 10s. 6d. Beturn (30 days), 1st class, £5 2s. Gd. ; 
 2nd, £3 14s. 9 d. (via Ostend) : 1st class, £2 18s. 3d. ; 2nd,. 
 £2 2s. Beturn (30 days), 1st class, £4 4s. 9^.; 2nd,. 
 £3 Is. 9 d.) Time from London, fifteen hours. Another 
 quick route is vid Flushing. Fares : Single, 1st class,. 
 £2 18s 3d. ; 2nd, £2 Is. 9 d. Beturn (30 days), 1st class, 
 £4 7s. 3d. ; 2nd, £3 2s. 8 d. Time, eighteen hours, Another 
 
Principal Raihvay Routes . 223 
 
 route is vid Harwich and Antwerp. Time, twenty and a 
 half hours. Fares: Single, 1st class, £2 11s. 3d.; 2nd, 
 £1 14s. 2d. Return (30 days), 1st class, £3 16s. 11*?. ; 2nd, 
 £2 12s. 9 d. ( via Harwich and Rotterdam) : Fares : Single, 
 1st class, £2 5s. 3d. ; 2nd, £1 10s. 2d. Return (30 days), 
 1st class, £3 9s. ; 2nd, £2 5s. 11^. 
 
 To Frankeort-on-the-Main. — Via Calais or Ostend 
 to Cologne, as above ; thence by direct railway, twenty- 
 one hours. Fares (via Calais) : 1st class, £4 8s. 3d. ; 
 mixed, i.e ., 1st class to Cologne, thence 2nd, £4 3s. 3d. ; 
 2nd, £3 5s. Return (30 days), 1st class, £6 18s.; 2nd, 
 £5 2s. 3d. ; via Ostend : 1st class, £3 17s. ; mixed, £3 12s. 3d. ; 
 2nd, £2 16s. Return (30 days), 1st class, £5 16s. ; 2nd, 
 £4 4s. 3d. Another good route is via Flushing. Time, 
 twenty-four hours. Fares : Single, 1st class, £3 18s. 4 d. ; 
 2nd, £2 16s. 8 d. Return (30 days), 1st class, £5 17s. 5 d . ; 
 2nd, £4 5s. Tourists preferring it may take the Rhine 
 steamer from Cologne to Mayence, and go thence by 
 railway, twenty-eight miles, to Frankfort. 
 
 To Dresden. — Via Cologne, see above. From Cologne 
 the most speedy route is via Minden, Madgeburg, and 
 Leipsic. Time from London to Cologne, fifteen hours ; 
 from Cologne to Dresden, sixteen hours. Fares, (vid 
 Calais) : 1st class, £6 9s. ; mixed (1st to Cologne, 2nd 
 beyond), £5 11s. 3d. ; 2nd, £4 15s-. 3d. Passengers vid 
 Cologne to Dresden have to pass a night at Cologne or 
 Leipsic : there is no through connection. The quickest 
 route to Dresden is vid Flushing. Fares : Single, 1st class, 
 £5 14s. 11^. ; 2nd, £4 3s. 3d. Return (30 days), 1st class, 
 
2 2 4 Principal Raihvay Routes . 
 
 £8 12s. 8<L ; 2nd, £6 6s. Time, thirty- eight hours, inclu- 
 t ing a night’s rest at Leipsic. 
 
 To Vienna. — The most direct route is from I.ondon to 
 Cologne, thence by railway up the Rhine to Mayence, 
 Darmstadt, Wurzburg, Nuremburg, and Passau. It is 
 almost as convenient to go from Mayence to Frankfort - 
 on-the-Main, thence to Wurzburg, Muremburg, k c. 
 Fares from London to Vienna {via Calais) : 1st class, 
 £8 11s. Gd. ; mixed, £7 4s. ; 2nd, £6 5s. Time thirty-eight 
 hours. The best route from Paris to Vienna is that via 
 Strassburg, Munich, and Salzsburg. Time from Paris to 
 Vienna, about twenty-seven hours. 
 
 Tourists desiring to go to Vienna by way of Dresden 
 will follow the above notice of Dresden, and go thence to 
 Vienna via Prague (no change of carriages between the 
 two cities). Time from Dresden to Vienna, ten hours. 
 Fares : 1st class, £2 12s. 9 d. ; 2nd, £1 19s. 9d. 
 
 To Munich. — To Frankfort-on-the-Main, as in the 
 preceding notice upon Frankfort-on-the-Main, thence via 
 Heidelberg, Bruschal Junction, Stuttgart, and Dim, to 
 Munich. Time, thirty-four hours. Fares from London, 
 via Calais: 1st class, £6 7s. Gd. ; mixed, £5 12s. 6d. ; 2nd, 
 £4 14s. 3 d. ; via Ostend : 1st class, £5 16s. ; mixed, £5 Is. ; 
 2nd, £4 6s. ; via Paris : 1st class, £7 19s. ; mixed, £7 4s. Gd. ; 
 2nd, £5 19s. Gd. 
 
 To Mice. — To Paris, as in preceding notice ; thence via 
 Lyons and Marseilles. Time, nineteen hours from Paris, 
 twenty-eight hours from London. Distance from Paris, 
 
Principal Railway Routes . 225 
 
 676 miles. Fares, London to Nice, via Calais : 1st class, 
 £8 7s. Qd. ; 2nd, £6 5 s. Qd. ; via Dieppe, 1st class, £7 Is. Qd. ; 
 2nd, £5 5s. 11 d. 
 
 To Milan. — First to Paris, thence by Lyons Bailway 
 to Macon, Culoz, and St. Michael to Modane, thence 
 through the Mont Cenis Tunnel to Turin and Milan. 
 Time from London, thirty-one hours. Fares : 1st class, 
 £7 8s. Qd. ; 2nd, £5 9s. 6d. A favourite route to Milan and 
 Italy is via Calais, Laon, Bale, and St. Gothard. This route 
 passes through some of the finest Swiss scenery, and is 
 much patronized. Through sleeping cars are run from 
 Calais to Milan. Time, thirty-three hours. Fares : 
 1st class, £7 8s. Qd. ; 2nd, £5 9s. Qd. For further informa- 
 tion apply to the Hotel hooking office. 
 
 To Florence.— As far as Turin {see the above notice of 
 Milan), thence by railway, via Alessandria and Bologna 
 to Florence. Time, forty-four hours. Fares: 1st. class, 
 £9 6s. ; 2nd, £6 17s. Qd. Another route is the Calais, 
 Laon, Bale, and St. Gothard. {See Milan above). Fares : 
 1st class, £9 3s. ; 2nd, £6 14s. 
 
 To Home. — The quickest route is via Calais, Paris, 
 Turin, Mont Cenis, Genoa, and Pisa. Time, forty-four 
 hours. Through sleeping cars run from Paris. Fares : 
 1st class, £10 5s. Qd. ; 2nd, £7 11s. The prettiest route is 
 via Calais, Laon, Bale, St. Gothard, Milan, and Genoa. 
 Time, forty-nine hours. {See Milan above). Fares: 
 1st class, £10 13s. ; 2nd, £7 15s. 
 
 To Naples. — As far as Pome {see above notice), thence 
 by direct railway to Naples. Time from London, fifty-one 
 
 1 
 
226 Principal Railway Routes. 
 
 hours. Fares : 1st class, £11 11s. Qd . ; 2nd, £8 9s. Another 
 route is that to Marseilles, and thence to Naples by direct 
 steamer, or the steamers which touch at Leghorn (for 
 Florence), Civila Yecchia (for Rome), and Naples. {See 
 Milan above). Tickets for the ascent of Vesuvius may be 
 obtained at Thos. Cook & Son’s office in the Hotel. 
 
 To Venice. — As far as Milan {see above on Milan), 
 thence by direct railway, via Verona and Padua, in seven 
 hours. Fares from London : 1st class, £9 Os. Q>d. ; 2nd, 
 £6 13s. Another route, but longer and more expen- 
 sive, is that by Cologne, Munich, Innsbruck, and the 
 Brenner Pass to Verona, Padua, and Venice. Travellers 
 who desire to visit Venice from Vienna may do so by 
 direct railway over the Semmering Pass. {See Milan 
 above.) The St. Gothard route applies equally to Venice. 
 Fares : 1st class, £8 15s. ; '2nd, £6 8s. 
 
 To Geneva. — As far as Paris {see particulars on Paris), 
 thence by Lyons Railway to Macon, and thence to 
 Geneva. Time from Paris, eleven Hours ; from Lon- 
 don, twenty-two hours. Fare from London : 1st class, 
 £6 4s. ; 2nd, £4 12s. 6d. 
 
 London to Liverpool, via either London and North- 
 Western or the Midland Railways. The former possesses 
 an advantage in time, the latter as regards the scenery. 
 Pullman sleeping and dining cars run by the latter. 
 Fares : 1st class, £1 9s. ; 2nd, £1 Is. 9^. ; 3rd, 16s. 6d, 
 Time, four and half hours. 
 
 London to Manchester.— The visitor has a choice of 
 
Principal Railway Routes . 227 
 
 three routes, viz., Midland, London and North Western, 
 or Great Northern. AIL three Companies run the 
 journey in the same time, viz., four and a quarter hours. 
 The Midland is the prettiest route, the line running 
 adjacent to Dove Dale and through the Peak of Derby- 
 shire, via Derby, Matlock, and Chatsworth. Through 
 Pullman cars by the Midland. Fares : 1st class, 295. ; 
 2nd, 205. ; 3rd, 155. 5 \d. 
 
 London to Scotland, via the Great Northern, the 
 Midland, or the London and North Western Railways. 
 All these Companies possess an excellent service of express 
 t rains. ^The two former run Pullman cars on their trains 
 throughout. Fares, etc., can be had on application at 
 the Hotel Booking office. 
 
 London to Dublin, via London and North Western 
 Railway, from Euston Square Station, by special express 
 mail trains, which leave every morning at 7.15 and even- 
 ing at 8.20 p.m., to Holyhead, thence by steamer to 
 Kingstown (350 \ miles; eleven hours). Single fareg : 
 1st class, 515. ; 2nd, 385. ; 3rd, 225. 9d. 
 
 There is also an excellent service of trains and steamers 
 to Dublin, leaving Euston Square Station at 9 a.m. and 
 0.30 p.m. Fares : £2 75. 6d., £1 I 65 . 6d., and £1 25. 9d. 
 
 London to Belfast and the Nouthepn Counties, via 
 the Midland Railway, from St. Pancras. Express train 
 every night at 8.25, via the Short Sea Route, viz., Stran- 
 raer and Larne. Sea passage tw r o and a half hours. 
 Through sleeping cars daily to Stranraer. Fares : 1st 
 class, £2 I 85 . 6d., 3rd, £1 7s. 6d. 
 
STEAMSHIP LINES. 
 
 The following are the principal lines of steamers by 
 which passengers from England can visit places abroad. 
 Any further information may he obtained and berths 
 secured by any of the lines on application at the boohing 
 office in the Hotel 
 » 
 
 To and from North America. 
 
 The Canard Line despatches a vessel every Saturday 
 to New York from Liverpool, calling at Queenstown for 
 the mails, and one to Boston every Thursday. Agencies 
 at the hooking office in the Hall of the Hotel — 8, Water 
 Street, Liverpool; 6, St. Helen’s Place, Bishopsgate Street, 
 E.C. ; 28, Pall Mall, S.W. ; 38, Avenue de 1’ Opera, Paris ; 
 and 30, Jamaica Street, Glasgow. This Company, which 
 was established in 1840, with the view of diminishing the 
 chances of collision, directs its steamers to take a specified 
 course for all seasons of the year. The latest vessels of 
 this line are the Etruria ” and “Umbria” which are 
 among the fastest ships afloat, and both are models of com- 
 fort and completeness in every respect. The single fares 
 to New York and Boston are 12, 15, 18, and 21 guineas, 
 and £26, and the return are 25, 30, and 35 guineas, and 
 
Steamship Lines . 229 
 
 £45, according to the accommodation required. This 
 Company has weekly steamers to Mediterranean ports. 
 
 The Inman Line Steamers sail from Liverpool for New 
 York every Wednesday, and from New York to Liverpool 
 on the same day, calling at Queenstown. Agencies 
 at the booking office in the Iiall of the Llotel, — 
 Richardson, Spence, & Co., 22, Water Street, Liverpool. 
 The latest additions to the fleet, viz., the 44 City of New 
 York ” and “City of Paris,” each 10,500 tons, are among 
 the fastest crossing the Atlantic. The single saloon fares 
 from Liverpool or Queenstown to New York are 12, 15, 18, 
 and 22 pounds and upwards each berth, children under 12 
 years going at half fares. 
 
 The White Star Line despatch a steamer from Liverpool 
 to New York every Wednesday, and from New York to 
 Liverpool on the same day, calling at Queenstown, Ireland. 
 Agencies, at the booking office in the Hall of the Hotel, — 
 Ismay, Imrie, & Co , 10, Water Street, Liverpool ; and 
 34, Leadenhall street, London. This line has also two new 
 steamers, the “ Teutonic” and “ Majestic,” each 10,000 tons, 
 constructed to ensure high speed and most complete comfort. 
 The single saloon fares are 12, 15, 18, and 22 pounds and 
 upwards, and the return fares from 22 to 40 pounds and 
 upwards, according to state-room accommodation. 
 
 The Guion Line Steamers sail from Liverpool, calling at 
 Queenstown, every Saturday, to embark mails and pas- 
 sengers for New York. Agencies, at the booking office in 
 the Hall of the Hotel, — 21, Water Street, Liverpool; 
 
230 Steamship Lines . 
 
 5, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London. The steamers of 
 this line have always sailed a safe route to New York ; as 
 a proof of this they have not lost a single passenger by 
 accident for over thirty years. They are all built in water- 
 tight compartments, and are furnished with every requisite 
 to make the passage across the Atlantic both safe and 
 agreeable. The state-rooms are on the upper deck, thus 
 ensuring those greatest of all luxuries at sea, perfect venti- 
 lation and light. Saloon passengers from Liverpool or 
 Queenstown, from £10 to £25 each berth, according to the 
 accommodation. 
 
 The Anchor Line despatch a steamer from Glasgow for 
 New York every Thursday ; from Liverpool to New York,, 
 every 28 days, from March 22nd to October 4th, and from 
 London to Halifax, N.S., and Boston, U.S.A., at frequent 
 intervals. Regular communication is also maintained from 
 Liverpool to Bombay and Calcutta. Agencies at the 
 booking office in the Plall of the Hotel, and Henderson 
 Brothers, 18, Leadenhall Street, City. 
 
 The French Transatlantic Company's express steamers 
 leave Havre for New York, and vice versa , every Saturday 
 throughout the year. All the boats are fitted with the 
 electric light. Wine at meals is included without extra 
 charge. Daily service from Marseilles to Algeria. Agencies 
 at the booking office in the Hall of the Hotel, and Wool- 
 pack Buildings, Gracechurch Street, City. 
 
 The North German Lloyd Company send steamers direct 
 from Southampton to New York every Thursday and 
 
Steamship Lines . 231 
 
 Sunday, also regular services to Egypt, India, China and 
 Australia. Agencies at the hooking office in the Hall of 
 the Hotel, and 5 and 7, Eenchurch Street, E.C. 
 
 The Allan Steamers run from Liverpool every Thursday 
 or Friday, and from Londonderry every Friday or Saturday 
 to Quebec and Montreal, and fortnightly to St. Johns’, 
 Halifax and Baltimore, in summer, and fortnightly to 
 Halifax and Portland in winter. In the summer steamers 
 also run weekly between Glasgow, Quebec, and Montreal, 
 and in the winter between Glasgow and Philadelphia, 
 Boston and Halifax. The vessels of this Company are 
 among the best appointed of those crossing the broad 
 Atlantic, while the fares from Liverpool, Londonderry, or 
 Queenstown range from £10 10s. to £18 18s., a small extra 
 charge being made to passengers who desire to go on to 
 New York or Philadelphia. Circular and return tickets 
 are also issued at proportionate rates. Agencies at the 
 booking office in the Hall of the Hotel, Allan Brothers & Co., 
 Alexander Buildings, 19, James Street, Liverpool, and 103, 
 Leadenhall Street, London. 
 
 The American Line , the only Trans -Atlantic Line sailing 
 under the United States’ flag, runs steamers from Liverpool, 
 via Queenstown, to Philadelphia every Wednesday, the 
 accommodation for all classes of passengers being equal in 
 elegance and comfort to any of the the European steamship 
 lines. Fares: Cabin passage, £10 10s. to £18 18s., 
 according to the accommodation and number in rooms. 
 Children between two and twelve years, half fare. Return 
 
232 Steamship Lines. 
 
 tickets at reduced rates. Agencies at the booking office in 
 the Hall of the Hotel ; Richardson, Spence, & Co., 22 and 
 19, Water Street, Liverpool ; and Eines & Allen, 99, 
 Cannon Street, City. 
 
 Red Star Line steamers run to New York and Philadelphia. 
 The steamers leave Antwerp every Saturday all the year 
 round for New York, and about every third Wednesday for 
 Philadelphia. Saloon fares from £13 to £21 and upwards ; 
 2nd class £10. Agencies at the booking office in the Hall 
 of the Hotel, — M. K. Kendall, 4, North Buildings, Eldon 
 Street, E.C., near Broad Street station. 
 
 To and from South America , $c t 
 
 The Royal Mail Steam Racket Company despatch a steamer 
 from Southampton every alternate Thursday to the West 
 Indies, and every 14 days to Brazil and the River Plate. 
 The Company works five (occasionally six) Mail Passenger 
 and Cargo Lines by well-appointed and splendid vessels 
 from Southampton in each month. Two Mail Steamers 
 and extra Cargo Steamers run to the West Indies, Mexico, 
 Central America, and Panama, forming, in connection 
 with Steam Companies on the other side of the Isthmus of 
 Panama, a through conveyance to the numerous ports of 
 North and South America on the Pacific seaboard (extend- 
 ing from Valparaiso to British Columbia), as well as to 
 Japan and China, New Zealand, and Australia. Circulars 
 of this Company can be obtained at the booking office in the 
 Hall of the Hotel, or at 18, Moorgate Street, London. 
 
Steamship Lines. 233 
 
 The Pacific Si cam Navigation Company , whose boats run 
 to South America, despatches a steamer from Liverpool 
 every alternate Wednesday for the Brazils, River Plate, 
 and Chili, calling at Bordeaux, Corunna, Vigo, and 
 Lisbon. Mail Packets running in connection with the 
 steamers from Liverpool and with the various lines of 
 steamers to and from Colon, and calling at intermediate 
 ports en route , leave Valparaiso every Saturday, and Callao 
 every Thursday, returning from the Isthmus of Panama 
 every Thursday. Agencies, at the booking office in 
 the Hall of the Hotel, 31, James Street, Liverpool, and 
 5 and 7, Fenchurch Street, City. 
 
 To and from the East Indies , China , Australia , 
 
 The Peninsula and Oriental Steam Navigation Company , 
 122, Leadenhall Street, and 25, Cockspur Street, S.W., 
 familiarly termed “ the P. and O.,” have some of the 
 best known and most widely patronized steam vessels 
 afloat. The arrangements of this Company are universally 
 acknowledged to he among the most complete in the world , 
 while the line is undoubtedly the favourite for all travellers 
 to the Eastern Empire. The vessels leave London fort- 
 nightly for Calcutta, Madras, Ceylon, China, the Straits 
 and Japan, and at the same interval for Adelaide, 
 Melbourne, and Sydney ; through hookings can also be 
 effected at low rates to all points in Tasmania, Queensland, 
 and New Zealand, while boats also run weekly to Gibraltar, 
 Malta, Egypt, Aden and Bombay, giving facilities for 
 
234 
 
 Steamship Lines. 
 
 visiting Egypt and Palestine. This Company is prepared 
 to carry passengers to all parts of the East. Pamphlets 
 containing full details can he obtained on application at the 
 general office of the Hotel. 
 
 The steamers of the Orient Line hold a position second to 
 none in the estimation of the travelling public between 
 England and the Australian Colonies. The vessels are of 
 from 4,000 to 6,500 tons register, and sail fortnightly under 
 mail contract with the Government of New South Wales, 
 embarking passengers at Tilbury on alternate Fridays, at 
 Plymouth one day later, and at Naples on the following 
 Monday week, whence they proceed via Suez Canal. 
 Adelaide is reached in about forty days from Plymouth, 
 including all stoppages ; the steamers proceeding thence 
 to Melbourne and Sydney. Passengers are booked through 
 for all ports in the Australasian Colonies, including New 
 Zealand, changing at Melbourne or Sydney as may be 
 arranged into the steamers of the Union Steamship Company 
 of New Zealand. Full particulars as to sailings and fares 
 may be obtained at the booking office in the Hall of the 
 Hotel. The Managers are Messrs. F. Green and Co., 13, 
 Fenchurch Avenue, London, E.C., and Messrs. Anderson, 
 Anderson & Co., 5, Fenchurch Avenue, London, E.C. 
 
 The British India Steam Navigation Co. run steamers 
 weekly from London to Malta, Port Said, Suez, and Aden, 
 and fortnightly to Colombo, Madras and Calcutta, at 
 which ports they are in connection with other lines to 
 East Africa, China, and Australia. Offices, 13, Austin 
 Friars, E.C. 
 
Steamship Lines . 235 
 
 The New Zealand Shipping Co. despatch every fourth 
 Thursday from the Albert Docks, one of their steamers 
 to New Zealand, calling at Plymouth two days later, and 
 making the voyage via Teneriffe, Cape Town, and Hobart 
 in about forty days. By this route passengers are only a 
 week in passing through the Tropics. The steamers are 
 4,500 tons register, have excellent accommodation for all 
 classes of passengers, and are fitted with every modern 
 improvement, such as electric lighting and refrigerators 
 for carrying fresh provisions of all kinds. Fares from 
 16 to 70 guineas. Passengers for Melbourne and Sydney 
 are booked via Hobart. Agencies, at the booking office 
 in the Hall of the Hotel, and Messrs. Tyser and Co., 138, 
 Leadenhall Street, E.C. 
 
 The Union Steamship Company despatch mail steamers 
 from Southampton every alternate Friday, for Madeira, 
 Cape Town, Mossel Bay, Knysna, Port Elizabeth (Alagoa 
 Bay), Port Alfred (Kowie River), East London, Natal, and 
 Delagoa Bay, and intermediate steamers via Teneriffe, also 
 on alternate Fridays, making a weekly service to the 
 Cape. Fares and other information may be obtained at 
 the booking office in the Hall of the Hotel, or at 94 and 
 96, Bishopsgate Street, City. 
 
 The African Steamship Company's vessels leave Liverpool 
 every third Saturday for Madeira, Teneriffe, Grand 
 Canary, and the West Coast of Africa. London office at 
 21, Great St. Helen’s, E.C. 
 
 The vessels of the South and East African Royal Mail 
 Service of the Castle Mail Packet Company leave London 
 
236 Steamship Lines . 
 
 early every alternate Wednesday (passengers generally 
 embarking before 7 p.m. on Tuesday), and Dartmouth on 
 the Friday following for Madeira, South Africa, communi- 
 cating monthly with Mauritius and Madagascar ; also 
 with Delagoa Bay and the Ports on the East African Coast 
 as far as Zanzibar. Intermediate steamers leave London 
 on alternate Wednesdays, proceeding via Flushing to 
 Grand Canary, the Cape, &c., making a weekly service to 
 South Africa. Passengers embark in London in tho East 
 India Dock Basin, Blackwall, E., close to Blackwall 
 Station, or at Dartmouth. For particulars apply at the 
 booking office in the Hall of the Hotel, or at 3 and 4, 
 Fenchurch Street, City. 
 
 To various Ports » 
 
 The General Steam Navigation Company despatch pas- 
 senger steamers from London (Irongate and St. Katha- 
 rine’s Wharf, near the Tower) twice weekly to Hamburg, 
 Antwerp, Ostend, and Boulogne ; weekly to Havre and 
 Bordeaux ; and' they have regular services to Oporto, 
 Genoa, Leghorn, Naples, and Sicilian Ports. During the 
 summer they run special passenger services to Margate, 
 Pamsgate, and Yarmouth. The chief offices are at Tower 
 House, Great Tower Street, E.C., with a West-End 
 agency at 14, Waterloo Place, S.W. 
 
 The vessels of The Messageries Maritime 3 Company , 97, 
 
Steamship Lines. 237 
 
 Cannon Street, E.C., and 51, Pall Mall, S.W., leave 
 Marseilles every fortnight for Egypt, Ceylon, China, and 
 Japan ; for Australia via Mauritius every month, and four 
 times a week to various ports in the Mediterranean and 
 Black Sea. It has also a service twice a month from 
 Bordeaux to the Brazils and River Plate, and weekly 
 and fortnightly services to and from the chief Mediterranean 
 ports. The living and service on board are unrivalled, and 
 the accommodation and comfort unsurpassed. Owing to 
 these circumstances, and the rapid passages made, the Com- 
 pany has a well-deserved reputation amongst English and 
 American passengers. Handbooks giving all details can ho 
 obtained in the Hotel, as well as at the offices of the Com- 
 pany. Steamers sail also from London direct to Antwerp, 
 Boulogne, Sweden, Norway, Italy, &c. 
 
 For sailing bills, &c., of the foregoing Tunes apply at 
 the Hotel booking office. 
 
238 
 
 PUBLIC OFFICES. 
 
 Admiralty — Whitehall . 
 
 Allowance Office for Spoiled Stamps (Monday to Friday 
 11 till 3 ; Saturday, 10 till 1) — Somerset House. 
 Bankruptcy Court— Lincoln’s Inn Fields. 
 
 Board of Trade — *7, Whitehall Gardens. 
 
 Chancery Court — Royal Courts of J ustice, Strand. 
 
 Charity Commissioners — Whitehall . 
 
 Colonial — Downing Street, 
 
 County Council — Spring Gardens. 
 
 Crown — Royal Courts of Justice, Strand. 
 
 Crown Agents for the Colonies — -Colonial Office, Downing 
 Street. 
 
 Custom House — Lower Thames Street. 
 
 Ecclesiastical Commissioners — 10, Whitehall Place. 
 Education Department — Whitehall. 
 
 Exchequer and Audit — Somerset House. 
 
 Foreign — Downing Street. 
 
 Friendly Societies’ Registry — 28, Abingdon Street. 
 Heralds’ College — Queen Victoria Street. 
 
 Home — Whitehall. 
 
 India — Charles Street, St. James’s Park. 
 
 Inland Revenue — Somerset House. 
 
 Judges’ Chambers — Royal Courts of Justice, Strand. 
 
2 39 
 
 Public Offices . 
 
 Land Commission — St, James’s Square. 
 
 Legacy Duty — Somerset House. 
 
 Local Government Board — Whitehall. 
 
 Lord Chamberlain’s Office — St. James’s Palaco. 
 
 Lord Mayor’s Court — Mansion House. 
 
 Masters in Chancery — Royal Courts of Justice. 
 Meteorological — 116, Victoria Street. 
 
 Metropolitan Police Office — 4, Whitehall Place. 
 Middlesex Registry — 12, Great James Street. 
 
 Mint — Tower Hill. 
 
 National Debt — 19, Old Jewry. 
 
 Nautical Almanac — Verulam Buildings, Gray’s Inn. 
 Passports — Foreign Office. 
 
 Patent — 38-40, Cursitor Street. 
 
 Pay master- General — Whitehall . 
 
 Post — St. Martin’s-le-Grand. 
 
 Privy Council — Whitehall. 
 
 Public Record — Fetter Lane. 
 
 Registrar General’s — Somerset House. 
 
 Science and Art Department — South Kensington. 
 Sheriffs’ Court — 24, Red Lion Square. 
 
 Stamps and Taxes — Somerset House. 
 
 Stationery — Princes Street, Storey’s Gate. 
 
 Treasury — Whitehall. 
 
 War Office— Pall Mall. 
 
 Woods and Forests — 1, Whitehall Place. 
 
 Works and Public Buildings — 12, Whitehall Place. 
 
240 
 
 TRADES AND TRADESMEN. 
 
 It is said, and with some justice, that in London you 
 can procure everything ; in fact, whatever conduces to 
 the happiness or comfort, the necessity or luxury, the 
 whims or the wants of humanity, is obtainable in this 
 metropolis at as low rates and of as good quality as can 
 he found in the w r orld. In affairs of dress and personal 
 decoration, the textile fabrics of which are to a great 
 extent manufactured in the provinces, the made-up article 
 can be purchased in larger quantities and at lower prices 
 than in any other part of the kingdom ; and the stranger 
 will find, both in the variety of choice and economy of 
 expenditure, that London is about as cheap a place as 
 any in Europe, especially for gentlemen’s clothing and 
 articles of leather manufacture. Even French gloves are 
 procurable at prices and of qualities equal to the best 
 Parisian ; and it is a notorious fact that silks and French 
 wines are, as a rule, as reasonable here as in the French 
 capital itself. For woollen clothing the London tailor is 
 pre-eminent, and includes among his patrons the wealthiest 
 and most exacting Europeans. For hats, the London 
 stamp is de rigueur to pass current with the Continental 
 exquisite ; and the excellence of the English shoe for 
 gentlemen is everywhere acknowledged, whilst for ladies’ 
 shoes the French may justly claim pre-eminence, but even 
 
Trades and Tradesmen . 
 
 241 
 
 these can be procured at numerous French houses at the 
 West End of London. 
 
 Considerably over three thousand tailors, thirty -four 
 hundred shoemakers, fifteen hundred linendrapers, and six 
 hundred hatters ply their vocation to fit out and clothe 
 the vast population of residents and visitors to this leviathan 
 metropolis, and of course among this army of fabricators 
 there must he some few pre-eminent in their specialty. 
 These are termed here “ first-class tradesman,” a title won 
 by long years of labour, constant and jealous watchfulness 
 over the character of their products, and unvarying and 
 consistent fairness of dealing. Many of this grade have 
 attained the right, “ by appointment,” of calling themselves 
 “ Royal Tradesmen,” although a very large number of 
 equally good men still lack that special stamp ; hut as a rule, 
 few possess it who are not entitled to it by merit and 
 upright dealing. 
 
 In recommending the establishments named at the end 
 of this hook, great care has been exercised in noting only 
 those possessing some peculiar excellence in their 
 specialty. 
 
242 
 
 PROVINCIAL HOTELS. 
 
 The traveller arriving from America via Liverpool has a 
 Choice, at the present moment, of a number of very 
 excellent hotels ; among them 
 
 The Adelphi , an old-established and well-known hotel 
 lately enlarged and improved ; and 
 
 The North - Western , at the Lime Street Station. 
 
 From Liverpool to London three routes present them- 
 selves — the London and North Western Eailway, through 
 Crewe, Stafford, Valley of the Trent, Tamworth, and 
 Rugby, to the Euston Square Station in London, 201 
 miles ; the Great Western Railway, passing through the 
 newly- opened tunnel under the Mersey to Birkenhead > 
 thence via Chester, Shrewsbury, Wolverhampton, Bir- 
 mingham, Leamington, Oxford, and Windsor to Padding- 
 ton Station ; and the Midland to St. Pancras, near King’s 
 Cross Station. 
 
 Of these lines, the first is recommended to tho 
 u coming,” the second to the “ paiting guest;” and as 
 there is no place of particular interest between Liverpool 
 and London on the London and North Western Line 
 (excepting Rugby), the traveller will hardly break his 
 journey to remain there unless he has an abundance of 
 time on his hands. 
 
Provincial Hotels . 
 
 The following Hotels are in direct communication with 
 the Langham Hotel, and are recommended as being the 
 best in their particular localities — 
 
 ENGLAND AND WALES. 
 
 Aberystwith — 
 
 Bellevue. 
 
 )> 
 
 Royal. 
 
 >> 
 
 Queen’s. 
 
 Ambleside — • 
 
 Queen’s. 
 
 Ascot — 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Bangor — 
 
 Penrhyn Arms. 
 
 
 George. 
 
 Barnstaple — 
 
 Golden Lion. 
 
 Bath — 
 
 Grand Pump Room. 
 
 Bedford — 
 
 Swan. 
 
 Birmingham — 
 
 Queen’s. 
 
 
 Great Western. 
 
 Bournemouth — 
 
 Royal Bath. 
 
 >) 
 
 Monte Dore. 
 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 5 J 
 
 Newlyn’s. 
 
 Bradford — 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 Brighton — 
 
 Albion. 
 
 5? 
 
 Beiford. 
 
 5 5 
 
 Grand. 
 
 5) 
 
 Old Ship. 
 
 Bristol— 
 
 Royal College Green. 
 
 Buxton — 
 
 Palace. 
 
 j ? 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
Provincial Hotels. 
 
 244 
 
 Cambridge — 
 
 Canterbury — 
 Carlisle — 
 
 Carmarthen — 
 
 Carnarvon — 
 Chatham — 
 
 j> 
 
 Chatsworth — 
 Cheltenham — 
 Chester — - 
 Clifton — 
 Coventry — 
 
 Deal — 
 
 Derby — 
 Devonport — 
 Dover — 
 
 Dxeter — 
 
 ?> 
 
 Folkestone — 
 
 >> 
 
 Gloucester — 
 Great Malvern — 
 Harrogate — 
 
 >> 
 
 Hasting s~~ 
 
 Bull. 
 
 Red Lion.' 1 
 Royal Fountain. 
 County. 
 
 Great Central. 
 Ivy Bush. 
 
 White Lion. 
 Uxbridge Arms. 
 Mitre. 
 
 Army and Navy. 
 Chatsworth. 
 Bellevue. 
 Queen’s. 
 
 Clifton Downs. 
 Castle. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Midland. 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Lord Warden. 
 Esplanade. 
 London and S.W. 
 Royal Clarence. 
 Pavilion. 
 Imperial. 
 Wellington. 
 Imperial, j 
 Queen. 
 
 Crown. 
 
 Marine. 
 
Provincial Hotels . 
 
 245 
 
 Hastings— 
 
 Queen’s. 
 
 Holyhead — 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Hull — 
 
 Railway. 
 
 >> 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Ilfracombe — 
 
 Ilfracombe. 
 
 Keswick — 
 
 Royal Oak. 
 
 
 Queen’s Head. 
 
 Leamington — 
 
 Manor House. 
 
 >> 
 
 Regent. 
 
 Leeds — 
 
 Queen’s. 
 
 Leicester — 
 
 Bell. 
 
 Litchfield — 
 
 Swan. 
 
 >> 
 
 George. 
 
 Lincoln — 
 
 Great Northern. 
 
 >> 
 
 Saracen’s Head. 
 
 Liverpool — * 
 
 Adelphi. 
 
 >> 
 
 London and North Western. 
 
 Manchester — 
 
 Queen’s. 
 
 Margate — 
 
 Cliftonville. 
 
 Newcastle- on~Tyne- 
 
 — Central Station. 
 
 >> 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Northampton — 
 
 George. 
 
 >> 
 
 Angel. 
 
 Norwich — 
 
 Royal. 
 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Nottingham — 
 
 May Pole. 
 
 >> 
 
 George IV. 
 
 Oxford — 
 
 Randolph. 
 
 >> 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
246 
 
 Provincial Hotels . 
 
 Oxford — 
 Plymouth — 
 
 Mitre. 
 
 Duke of Cornwall. 
 
 5 > 
 
 Ramsgate — • 
 Reading — 
 Ryde — 
 Salisbury — 
 Scarborough — 
 Sheffield — 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Railway. 
 
 Royal Pier. 
 
 White Hart. 
 
 Grand. 
 
 Royal. 
 
 >> 
 
 Shrewsbury — 
 
 Albion. 
 
 Lion. 
 
 5 ) 
 
 Southampton — 
 
 Crown. 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Southport — 
 Stafford — 
 Taunton — 
 Torquay — 
 Ventnor — 
 Warwick — 
 Winchester — 
 
 South Western. 
 Palace (Birkdale.) 
 North Western. 
 London. 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Warwick Arms. 
 Black Swan. 
 
 5 > 
 
 Windermere — 
 
 George. 
 
 Crown. 
 
 Windsor — 
 
 Wo Iverhampton — 
 
 Lowood. 
 
 Castle. 
 
 Swan. 
 
 W orcester — 
 
 New. 
 
 Star and Garter. 
 
 n 
 
 Unicorn. 
 
Provincial Hotels . 
 
 Worthing — 
 York — 
 
 Royal Sea House. 
 Black Swan. 
 
 >> 
 
 Railway. 
 
 3 5 
 
 Royal Station. 
 
 Aberdeen — 
 
 SCOTLAND . 
 Royal. 
 
 3 3 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 33 
 
 Ayr— 
 
 Imperial. 
 King’s Arms. 
 
 >3 
 
 Berwick — 
 
 Star. 
 
 King’s Arms. 
 
 33 
 
 Dumbarton — 
 Dumfries — 
 Dundee — 
 
 Red Lion. 
 Elephant. 
 King’s Arms. 
 Royal. 
 
 33 
 
 Dunfermline — 
 
 George. 
 
 Milne’s 
 
 33 
 
 Dunkeld — 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Athole Arms. 
 
 33 
 
 Edinburgh — 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 33 
 
 Macgregor’s. 
 
 33 
 
 Falkirk — 
 Glasgow — 
 Inverness — 
 Paisley — - 
 
 Balmoral. 
 
 Blue Bell. 
 
 Central Station, St. Enoch’s. 
 Caledonian. 
 
 George. 
 
248 
 
 Paisley — 
 Perth — * 
 Pitlochry - — 
 Stirling 
 
 Belfast — ■ 
 
 Cork — 
 
 Dublin — 
 
 j> 
 
 j> 
 
 Galway — - 
 Killarney — 
 Kingstown — 
 Londonderry — 
 Queenstown — 
 
 Principal Hotels . 
 
 Commercial. 
 
 Royal George. 
 Fisher’s. 
 
 Royal, 
 
 IRELAND , 
 
 Queen’s. 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 Shelburne. , 
 
 Gresham . 
 
 Morrison’s. 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Royal Victoria. 
 Royal Marine, 
 Imperial. 
 
 Queen’s. 
 
249 
 
 CONTINENTAL HOTELS. 
 
 FRANCE, 
 
 Farts — 
 
 }) 
 
 }} 
 
 5) 
 
 Amiens — 
 
 Bordeaux — 
 Boulogne — 
 
 Brest — 
 
 Calais — • 
 
 Cannes— 
 
 Chalons-sur-Marne 
 Dieppe — • 
 
 Dijon — * 
 
 Hotel Bristol, Place Vendome. 
 
 ,, Continental, 3, Rue Castig- 
 lione. 
 
 ,, Grand, Du Louvre. 
 
 ,, Meurice, Rue de Rivoli, Schen- 
 rich, Proprietaire. 
 
 ,, Mirabeau, Rue de la Paix. 
 
 ,, de l’TJnivers. Hotel de France 
 et d’Angleterre. 
 
 ,, de France. Hotel des Prices. 
 
 ,, des Bains. Hotel Christol and 
 Bristol. Hotel du Pavilion 
 Imperial. 
 
 ,, des Yoyageurs. 
 
 ,, Meurice. 
 
 ,, Beau Rivage. Hotel Beausite. 
 
 ,, de la Cloche. 
 
 Grand Hotel des Bains. Hotel Royal. 
 
 Hotel de Bourgogne. Hotel de Jura. 
 
250 
 
 Havre — 
 Lille — 
 Lyons — 
 
 Marseilles— 
 Metz — 
 
 Nantes — 
 Nice — 
 
 Bau — 
 
 j Rheims — 
 Rouen — 
 Strasbourg- 
 Toulouse — 
 Trouville — 
 
 Antwerp 
 Bruges — - 
 Brussels — • 
 
 >> 
 
 >> 
 
 Continental Hotels . 
 
 Hotel Frascati. Hotel de 1’ Europe. 
 
 ,, Bellevue. Hotel de l’Europe. 
 
 Grand Hotel de Lyons. Hotel de 
 1’ Uni vers. 
 
 Hotel de l’Europe. 
 
 Grand Hotel de Noailles. Grand Hotel 
 du Louvre. 
 
 Hotel de France. 
 
 Grand Hotel Paradis. Hotel de 
 France. Hotel des Anglais. 
 
 Grand Hotel de la Paix. Hotel de 
 France. 
 
 Hotel Lion d’Or. 
 
 „ d’Angleterre. Albion Hotel. 
 
 „ de Paris. 
 
 Grand Hotel Sonville. 
 
 „ „ des Bodies Noires. 
 
 BELGIUM AND HOLLAND. 
 
 Grand Hotel. 
 
 Hotel de Flandre. Hotel du Commerce. 
 ,, Bellevue. Grand Hotel. 
 
 „ de l’Europe. Hotel de Flandre. 
 „ de l’Empereur, F. Dorgeloh, 
 Proprietaire. 
 
 „ Boyal. Hotel de Vienne. 
 
 Ghent — 
 
Liege — 
 Ostend— 
 Amsterdam — 
 Hague — 
 
 Hot ter dam — • 
 Schiedam — 
 Utrecht — • 
 
 Continental Hotels. 251 
 
 Hotel d’Angleterre. Hotel de Suede. 
 
 „ Fontaine. Bath Hotel. 
 AmsteljHotel. Brack’s Doelen Hotel. 
 Hotel Bellevue. 
 
 „ Des Bains. Victoria Hotel. 
 
 „ Doelen. 
 
 ,, du Pays Bas. Hotel Bellevue. 
 
 THE RHINE AND ITS VICINITY . 
 
 Bingen — Hotel Victoria. 
 
 Bonn — Golden Star Hotel. Grand Hotel 
 
 Royal. 
 
 Coblentz — • Hotel Bellevue. Hotel du Geant. 
 
 Cologne — ,, Disch. Hotel du Nord. Hotel 
 
 Victoria. Hotel Union. 
 
 Dusseldorf — de l’Europe. Hotel Disch. 
 
 Kreuznach — ,, de Holland. 
 
 Mannheim — ,, de l’Europe. 
 
 Mayence — ■ „ du Rhin. Hotel d’Angleterro. 
 
 Baden-Baden — Victoria Hotel. 
 
 Frankfort-o.-Main — Hotel de Russie, Drexel Freres, Pro- 
 prietaires. Hotel d’Angleterre. 
 Hotel Frankfurthof. 
 
 Homburg — - Hotel des Quatre Saisons. Hotel de 
 
 Russie. 
 
 Hotel du Rhin. 
 
 Wiesbaden — 
 
2 5 
 
 Continental Hotels . 
 
 Aix-la- Chapelle— 
 
 Augsburg — 
 Berlin 
 
 Breslau — 
 Carlsruhe — 
 Bantzic — 
 Darmstadt — 
 Dresden — 
 
 Halle — 
 
 Hamburg — 
 
 Ilanover — 
 Heidelberg — 
 Konigsberg — 
 Liepsic — 
 
 Lubeck — 
 Magdeburg — 
 Munich — 
 
 Nuremberg — 
 Botsdam — 
 Ratisbon — 
 Stuttgart — 
 Wurzburg — 
 
 GERMANY . 
 
 Hotel du Grand. Hotel Nuellens. 
 
 Hotel Monarque. 
 
 Beyerischer Hof. 
 
 Hotel de Borne. Hotel Royal. Hotel 
 Central. 
 
 „ Golden Ganz. Hotel Zedlitz. 
 
 ,, Erbprinz. Englischer Hof. 
 
 „ de Thun. Hotel d’Angleterre. 
 Darmstadter Hof. Hotel au Raisin. 
 Weber’s Hotel. 
 
 Stadt Hamburg. 
 
 Hotel de l’Europe. Streit’s Hotel. 
 
 Victoria Hotel. Hamburger Hof. 
 Union Hotel. Hotel Royal. 
 
 Hotel Adler. Hotel Prince Charles. 
 Schonbere’s Hotel. Hotel du Nord. 
 Hotel de Pologne. Hotel de Russie. 
 
 ,, Stadt Hamburg. 
 
 „ de London. Stadt Prag. 
 
 ,, des Quatre Saisons. Hotel 
 Baviere. 
 
 Rothes Ross Hotel. 
 
 Hotel Einsiedler. 
 
 „ Goldenes Kreutz. 
 
 ,, Marquardt. 
 
 „ de Russie. 
 
Continental Hotels . 
 
 2 53 
 
 Bale — 
 
 Berne — 
 
 Chamrnounix-~ 
 Davos Blalz— 
 Fribourg 
 
 Geneva — 
 
 >> 
 
 lntcrlachen-— 
 lausanm — 
 
 lucerne — 
 Neuchdlel — 
 GW. 
 
 Schaffhausen — 
 
 Vevay — 
 Zurich — 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 
 Hotel des Trois Rois. 
 
 ,, Bellevue. Hotel du Faucon, 
 Hotel Biernchof. 
 
 ,, Royal. Hotel d’Angleterre. 
 
 „ Victoria. 
 
 Zahringer Hof. Grand Hotel de 
 Fribourg. 
 
 Grand Hotel des Bergues. Grand 
 Hotel de la Paix. 
 
 Hotel Beau-Rivage, Meyer et Kuntz, 
 Proprietaries. 
 
 Grand Hotel Rationale. Hotel 
 Metropole. 
 
 Hotel Jungfrau. Hotel Victoria. 
 
 ,, Gibbon. Hotel du Faucon. 
 
 Schweizerhof Hotel. 
 
 „ Suzernerbof. 
 
 „ de Belle Vue. 
 
 ,, Hecbt. 
 
 „ Schweitzerhof. Hotel de la 
 Couronne. 
 
 ,, Monnet. Hotel Victoria. 
 
 ,, Belle Vue au Lac. Hotel Bauer 
 au Lac. 
 
2 54 
 
 Continental Hotels . 
 
 Bellagio- - 
 
 Bologna — 
 Brindisi — 
 Catania — 
 Florence — 
 
 Genoa — 
 
 Leghorn — ■ 
 Lucca — 
 
 Malta — - 
 Milan — 
 Modena — 
 Naples — • 
 Badua — 
 Balermo — • 
 Parma — 
 Pisa — 
 Ravenna— 
 Rome — 
 
 Terni — • 
 
 Turin — 
 Venice — • 
 Verona — 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 Hotel de Grande Bretagne. Hotel 
 Genazzini. 
 
 Brun. II Grande Albergo. 
 Great East India Hotel. 
 
 Grand H6tel de Catane. 
 
 Hotel de Grande Bretagne. Grand 
 Hotel New York. 
 
 „ de la Ville. Hotel de la Croix 
 de Malte. 
 
 ,, Yittoria. Hotel du Nord. 
 
 ,, de l’Europe. Hotel de la Croix 
 de Malte. 
 
 Morrell’s Hotel. Imperial Hotel. 
 Hotel Continental. 
 
 , , San Marco. Hotel Beale. 
 
 ,, Yittoria. 
 
 5, Stella d’Oro. 
 
 , , Central. 
 
 5, Leone d’Oro. 
 
 „ de Londres. 
 
 ,, La Spada. 
 
 ,, des lies Britanniques. Hotel 
 de Londres. 
 
 j, de l’Europe. Hotel d’Angle- 
 terre. 
 
 ,, Trombetta. Hotel de l’Europe. 
 Hanelli’s Boyal Hotel. 
 
 Hotel de la Tour de Londres. 
 
Continental Hotels . 
 
 255 
 
 Gratz — 
 n 
 
 Pesth — 
 Prague — 
 Trieste — 
 Vienna — 
 
 AUSTRIA. 
 
 Hotel de l’Elephant. 
 
 ,, de l’Archiduc Jolian. 
 Grand Hotel de Hongrie. 
 
 Hotel d’Angleterre. 
 
 ,, de la Yille. 
 
 Imperial. Grand. Metropole. 
 
 SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 
 
 Barcelona — 
 
 Cadiz — 
 
 Cordova — 
 
 Gibraltar — * 
 Granada — 
 
 Jerez de Flarontcra- 
 Madrid — 
 
 Malaga — * 
 
 Saragossa — 
 
 Seville — 
 
 Valencia — 
 Valladolid — • 
 
 Lisbon — ■ 
 
 Madeira — 
 
 Oporto — 
 
 Las Cuatro Naciones. 
 
 Blanco’s Alameda Hotel. 
 
 Fonda Suiza. 
 
 Club House Hotel. Griffiths’ Hotel. 
 Parador de los Diligencias. 
 
 -Hotel de Jerez. 
 
 Grand Hotel de Paris. Hotel los 
 Principes. 
 
 Plotel Alameda. Hotel Victoria. 
 
 ,, de 1’ Europe. 
 
 ,, de Londres. 
 
 ,, de Paris. Fonda del Cid. 
 
 „ Fonda de Siglo. 
 
 ,, Braganza. 
 
 Holloway’s Hotel. 
 
 Hotel Lisbonense. 
 
256 
 
 Continental Hotels . 
 
 HUS SI A, 
 
 St. Peter sburg- 
 Moscow — 
 Stockholm — 
 Christiana — 
 Copenhagen — 
 Constantinople- 
 Smyrna — 
 Cairo — 
 
 SWEDEN, NOP WAY, DENMARK, $c. 
 
 — Hotel d’Angleterre. Grand Hotel. 
 
 „ Hamburgh. Hotel Labadis. 
 
 „ Rydberg. 
 
 ,, Scandinave. Victoria Hotel. 
 Phoenix Hotel. Hotel Royal, 
 
 — Hotel d’Angleterre. 
 
 ,, des Deux Augustes. 
 
 Shepherd’s Hotel. Hotel de 1’ Orient. 
 Hotel des Ambassadeurs. 
 
257 
 
 HOTELS OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 New York — 
 
 5th Avenue. 
 
 
 Windsor. 
 
 yy 
 
 St. Nicholas. 
 
 y y 
 
 Delmonico’s. 
 
 yy 
 
 Hofmann House. 
 
 yy 
 y y 
 
 Metropolitan . 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 Union. 
 
 Chicago — 
 
 Palmer House. 
 
 yy 
 y y 
 
 Grand Pacific. 
 Richelieu. 
 
 yy 
 
 Sherman House. 
 
 yy 
 
 Cincinnati — - 
 
 Tremont House. 
 Emery 
 
 yy 
 
 Philadelph ia- 
 
 Burnet. 
 
 -Aldine. 
 
 yy 
 
 Continental. 
 
 yy 
 
 Lafayette, 
 
 y y 
 
 St. George. 
 
 y 5 
 
 Grand House. 
 
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 INLAND LETTERS. 
 
 Not above 1 oz Id. 
 
 „ 2 ozs 1 id. 
 
 „ „ 4 „ 2d. 
 
 „ „ G „ 2£d. 
 
 „ „ 8 „ 3 d. 
 
 „ „ 10 „ 3£d. 
 
 „ „ 12 „ 4 d. 
 
 Each further 2 ozs id. 
 
 Weight unlimited. 
 
 Dimensions-- 
 18 inches x 9 x G. 
 FOREIGN LETTERS. 
 
 Australia ... 
 Canada 
 Cape Colony 
 Continent ... 
 Egypt 
 
 India and China 
 New Zealand 
 
 (i oz.) 6d. 
 „ 2 Id. 
 
 ,, Gd. 
 
 „ 2 Id, 
 
 „ 2 id. 
 
 „ 5 d. 
 
 „ (id. 
 
 \ 'nited States ... „ 2±d. 
 
 West Indies ... „ 4 d. 
 
 POSTAL ORDERS. 
 
 Is. and Is. Gd. id. 
 
 2s., 2s. Gd., 3s., 3s. Gd., 4s., 
 
 Is. Gd., 5s., 7s. Gd., 10s. 
 and ,10s. 6d. ... „ Id. 
 
 15s. and 20s. ... „ l£d. 
 
 Stamps amounting to 5 d. 
 may be affixed to the face of an 
 Order. 
 
 MONEY OR D MRS. 
 
 Not above 
 
 2d. 
 3d. 
 Id. 
 5 d. 
 Gd. 
 
 BOOK POST. 
 
 Not above 2 ozs 
 
 id. 
 
 „ „ 4 „ 
 
 Id. 
 
 „ „ G „ 
 
 lid. 
 
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 Each further 2ozs. 
 
 AVeight limited to 5 lbs. 
 Dimensions — 
 
 Same as for Letters. 
 
 id. 
 
 PARCEL POST. 
 
 
 Not above 1 lb 
 
 3d. 
 
 „ „ 2 lbs 
 
 4gd. 
 
 „ „ 3 „ 
 
 6 d. 
 
 „ „ 4 „ 
 
 7 id. 
 
 „ „ 5 „ 
 
 9d. 
 
 l£d. per lb. additional to 11 lbs. 
 Dimensions- 
 
 Length, 3 ft. G ins. ; length and 
 girth combined, 6 ft. 
 
 POST CARDS. 
 
 
 Inland— thin, 7d. ; thick 8 d. 
 per doz. 
 
 Foreign— Id., l£d., and 2d. each. 
 
 BILL STAMPS. 
 
 
 Not above £5 
 
 Id. 
 
 „ „ 10 
 
 2d. 
 
 25 
 
 3d. 
 
 „ „ 50 
 
 6d. 
 
 „ „ 75 
 
 9d. 
 
 „ „ 100 
 
 Is. 
 
 Each further £100 
 
 Is. 
 
 Receipts for sums above £2 
 
 Id. 
 
 Agreement Stamp 
 
 Gd. 
 
 Cheques on bankers 
 
 Id. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Academy of Arts — 89, 90 
 Admiralty — 23, 37, 69 
 Agricultural Hall— 30,110, 112 
 Albert Hall— 45, 88, 109, 117 
 Albert Memorial — 45, 117 
 Alexandra Palace — 192 
 American Bankers — 202 
 American Legation — 201 
 Americans in Distress, Society 
 for the Relief of — 153 
 Antiquaries, Society of — 132 
 Apsley House — 45 
 Aquarium — 38, 110 
 Architectural Museum — 94 
 Argyll Rooms —111 
 Artillery Company — 181 
 Asiatic Society — 141 
 Asiatic Society’s Museum — 94 
 Astronomical Society — 140 
 
 Bank of England — 23, 26 32, 
 34, 53, 74, 92, 125, 128 
 Banqueting Hall— 77 
 Barnard’s Inn — 30 
 Baths — 200 
 Battersea Park — 120 
 Baynard’s Castle — 48 
 Bear Garden — 48 
 
 Benevolent Society — 152 
 Bethlehem Hospital — 150 
 Bethnal Green Museum — 88 
 Biblical Archaeology, Society 
 of — 141 
 
 Billingsgate Market — 33, 50, 
 176' 
 
 Blackfriars Bridge — 34, 39, 46, 
 48 
 
 Blackfriars Monastery — 48 
 Blind Man’s Friend — 159 
 Bluecoat School — 23, 31 
 Botanic Gardens — 25, 118 
 Botanic Society —139 
 Box Hill- 196 
 Breweries — 178 
 Bridgewater House — 116 
 British Architects, Institute of 
 —91, 140 
 
 British Artists, Society of— 91 
 British Museum — 86, 87 
 Brixton Prison — 146 
 Brompton Hospital — 150 
 Brompton Oratory — 82 
 Broxbourne — 197 
 Buckingham Palace — 40, 45, 
 67, 68, 115 
 
 Burlington Arcade — 44 
 
262 
 
 Index . 
 
 Burlington House — 44, 134, 
 135 
 
 Bushey Park — 185 
 
 Cab Fares — 218 
 Cab Regulations — 17 
 Canterbury Music Hall — 111 
 Cattle Market— 30, 175 
 Cattle Show — 112 
 Cavendish Rooms — 112 
 Chapel Royal, St. James’s — 78 
 Chapel Royal, Whitehall — 77, 
 78 
 
 Charing Cross Hospital — 36, 
 149 
 
 Char terhouse — 1 5 7 
 Chelsea Hospital— 45, 120, 
 
 186 
 
 Chingford— 197 
 Chiswick — 135, 186 
 Christ’s Hospital— 23, 31 
 Church Extension Society — 
 160 
 
 Churches — All Saints’ — 79 
 All Souls’— 70, 71 
 Allhallows, Barking — 52 
 Allliallows the Great — 49 
 Baptist — 83 
 Bavarian — 81 
 
 Bow (St, Mary-le-Bow)— 24, 
 75, 76 
 
 Catholic Apostolic — 82 
 Christ’s Church (Westmin- 
 ster Road) — 83 
 Danish — 85 
 Dutch — 84 
 French — 81 
 French Protestant — 84 
 Greek — 85 
 Irvingite — 82 
 
 Churches {continued)— 
 
 Italian —81 
 Jesuit — 82 
 National Scotch — 83 
 Russian Embassy — 85 
 St. Alban’s — 78 
 St. Andrew’s (Holborn) — 30 
 St. Andrew’s (Well Street) — 
 79 
 
 St. Bartholomew’s — 72 
 St. Botolph’s — 67 
 St. Bride s— 76 
 St. Clement Danes — 35 
 St. Dunstan’s — 35 
 St. George’s (Bloomsbury) 
 —29 
 
 St. George’s (Hanover 
 Square)— 77 
 
 St. Giles’s (Cripplegate) — 
 74 
 
 St. Giles’s-in-tlie-Fields— 28 
 St. Helen’s— 73 
 St. James’s — 76, 77 
 St. Margaret’s — 37 
 St. Martin’s — 77 
 St. Mary-le-Savoy — 74, 75 
 St. Mary le- Strand — 36 
 St. Mary Woolnoth — 33 
 St. Mary’s (Moorfields) — 81 
 St. Pa n eras — 74 
 St. Paul’s (Covent Garden) 
 —75 
 
 St. Saviour’s — 72, 73 
 St. Sepulchre’s — 31 
 St. Stephen’s — 76 
 St. Switliin’s — 65 
 Sardinian — 81 
 Swedish — 85 
 Tabernacle — 82, 83 
 Temple— 71, 72 
 
Index . 
 
 City Company Funds — 155 
 City Temple — 84 
 City of London Museum — 95 
 Civil Engineers, Institution 
 of— 140 
 
 Cleopatra’s Needle — 36, 47 
 Cleveden — 198 
 
 Clock Tower, Westminter — 58 
 Clubs — Alpine — 168 
 Army and Navy — 41, 163 
 Arthur’s — 40, 168 
 Arts — 168 
 
 Athenaeum — 41, 165 
 Badminton — 44, 168 
 Beaufort — 168 
 Boodle’s — 40, 167 
 Brooks’s — 40, 167 
 Burlington — 168 
 Carlton — 41, 166 
 City Carlton — 168 
 City Conservative — 168 
 City Liberal — 168 
 City of London — 168 
 Cocoa Tree — 40, 169 
 Conservative — 40, 163 
 C onstitutio n al — 168 
 Cosmopolitan — 168 
 D e von shire — 169 
 East India United Service 
 —169 
 
 Farmers’ — 169 
 Garrick — 163 
 Grafton — 169 
 Gresham — 169 
 Grosvenor— 169 
 Guards — 40, 166 
 Hurlingham — 169 
 Junior Army and Navy — 164 
 Junior Athenaeum — 44, 169 
 Junior Carlton — 169 
 
 263 
 
 Clubs (i continued ) — 
 
 Junior Constitutional — 169 
 Junior Garrick — 169 
 Junior United Service — 164 
 Kennel — 169 
 London Yacht — 169 
 Marlborough — 168 
 National — 169 
 National Conservative — 169 
 National Liberal — 169 
 Naval and Military — 14, 169 
 New University — 169 
 Oriental — 166 
 Orleans — 169 
 
 Oxford and Cambridge Uni- 
 versity — 40, 164 
 Pall Mall— 169 
 Portland — 169 
 Prince’s Racquet — 169 
 .Raleigh — 169 
 Reform — 41, 165 
 Royal London Yacht — 169 
 St. George’s — 170 
 St. George’s Chess — 170 
 St. James’s — 44, 170 
 St. Stephen’s — 170 
 Salisbury — 168 
 Savage — 170 
 Smithfield Cattle — 170 
 Thames Yacht — 170 
 Thatched House — 40, 170 
 Travellers’ — 41, 166 
 Unionist — 170 
 United Service — 41, 167 
 United University — 165 
 Victoria — 170 
 W anderers’ — 170 
 Whitehall — 170 
 White’s— 40, 167 
 Windham — 165 
 
264 
 
 Index. 
 
 Coal Exchange — 38, 50, 127 
 College of Surgeons' Museum 
 —94 
 
 Colonial Office — 37 
 Commercial Docks — 178 
 Commissionaires — 20 
 Conveyances — 205 
 Cook & Son — 4 
 Corn Exchange — 52 
 County Council- -14 
 County Lunatic Asylum —150 
 Court of Arches — 75 
 Covent Garden Market — 30, 
 177 
 
 Crimean Memorial — 38 
 Crosby Hall — 73 
 Crown Jewels — 62 
 Cruelty to Animals Society — 
 
 151 
 
 Crystal Palace — 109, 189 
 Custom House — 33, 50, 61, 127 
 
 Dairy Show — 112 
 Devonshire House — 44 
 Dialectical Society — 141 
 Docks — 171 
 Dore Gallery — 43, 91 
 Dowgate — 49 
 
 Duke of York’s Monument — 
 40 
 
 Dulwich College — 48 
 
 East India Docks — 172 
 Egyptian Hall — 41, 44, 114 
 Eleanor’s Cross— 37 
 Emanuel College — 158 
 Entomological Society — 141 
 Environs of London — 189 
 Epping Forest — 197 
 Eton College — 195 
 Exeter Hall — 36 
 
 Female Orphan Asylum — 159 
 Female Penitentiary — 151 
 Finsbury Park — 121 
 Fishmongers’ Almshouses — 
 i 158 
 
 Fishmongers’ Hall — 50 
 Flaxman Gallery — 91 
 Foreign Office — 37 
 Foreigners in Distress Societv 
 —152 
 
 Foundling Hospital— 79, 80, 
 160 
 
 Freemasons’ Hall — 161 
 Freemasons’ Lodges — 161 
 French Benevolent Society — 
 153 
 
 French Gallery — 91 
 Friends of Poland Association 
 —153 
 
 Frogmore Lodge — 195 
 Fulham— 186 
 Fulham Prison — 146 
 Furnival’s Inn — 30 
 
 Garfield Home — 153 
 General Post Office — 23, 31 ,126 
 Geographical Society — 140 
 Geological Museum— 93 
 Geological Society — 135 
 Geologists’ Association- -141 
 Grand Surrey Docks — 173 
 Gray’s Inn — 30, 144 
 Great Northern Central Hos- 
 pital — 149 
 Green Park- -116 
 Greenwich Observatory — 122 
 Greenwich Park — 122 
 Grosvenor Gallery — 43, 91 
 Guardi Gallery — 91 
 Guardian Society Asylum — 
 151 
 
Index . 265 
 
 Guards’ Memorial — 41 
 Guildhall— 33, 53, 129 
 Guildhall Museum — 65 
 Guy’s Hospital — 49, 148 
 
 Ham House — 185 
 H amp stead — 1 3 , 
 
 Hampton Court — 183 
 Hanover Gallery — 43 
 Hanwell Lanatic Asylum — 
 150 
 
 Harrow — 196 
 Hengler’s Circus — 108 
 Heralds’ College — 129 
 High Beech — 197 
 Highgate — 193 
 Highgate Cemetery — 193 
 Holborn Viaduct — 30 
 Holloway Prison — 146 
 Home and Foreign Missionary 
 Society — 160 
 Home Office — 37 
 Hop Exchange — 49 
 Horological Institute — 141 
 Horse Guards — 23,37, 39, 69 
 Horse Show — 112 
 Horticultural Society — 134 
 Hospital of St. John— 64 
 Hospitals — 147 
 House of Commons — 58, 59 
 House of Lords — 58, 59 
 Houses of Parliament — 58, 59, 
 Humane Society — 150 
 Hungerford Bridge — 47 
 Hungerford Market — 47 
 Hyde Park— 2, 24, 45, 67, 68, 
 116, 117,118 
 Imperial Institute — 130 
 India Office — 37 
 Indian Museum — 92 
 
 Indian Mutiny Belief Fund — 
 157 
 
 Infant Nurseries — 154 
 Infant Orphan Asylum — 160 
 Inland Revenue Offices — 36 
 Inner Temple — 142 
 Italian Benevolent Society — 
 153 
 
 Jew’s Synagogues — 85 
 
 Keith, Prowse, & Co. — 4 
 Kennington Common — 120 
 Kennington Oval — 124 
 Kennington Park — 120 
 Kensington Gardens — 24, 121, 
 122 
 
 Kensington Palace — 25, 68, 
 
 117 
 
 Kew Gardens — 123, 185 
 King’s Bench — 49 
 King’s College — 36 
 King’s College Hospital — 29, 
 148 
 
 Kingston — 198 
 
 Lambeth Bridge — 39, 148 
 Lambeth Palace — 39, 46, 64, 
 187 
 
 Langham Hotel Tar iff — 8,9,10 
 Lauderdale House — 193 
 Law Courts (Westminster) 
 — 61, (Strand), 35, 142 
 Law Society — 137 
 Licensed Victuallers’ Asylum 
 —158 
 
 Lifeboat Institution — 151 
 
266 
 
 Index . 
 
 Lincoln’s Inn — 29, 144, 145 
 Linnsean Society — 134 
 Literature, Royal Society of 
 —135 
 
 Lloyd’s Patriotic Fund — 156 
 Lock Hospital — 151 
 Lollards’ Tower — 39, 46 
 London Bridge — 33, 46, 47, 
 49 
 
 London Docks — 51, 172 
 London Hospital — 149 
 London Institution — 137 
 London Orphan Asylum — 160 
 London Pavilion — 42, 111 
 London, Representation of — 
 14 
 
 London School Board — 95 
 London Season — 21 
 London Stone — 65 
 London University — 42 
 London Wall — 65 
 Long Walk Windsor — 194 
 Lord’s Cricket Ground — 124 
 Loughton — 197 
 Lowther Arcade — 36 
 
 Median’s Gallery — 91 
 Madame Tussaud’s — 112, 113, 
 
 114 
 
 Magdalen Hospital — 151 
 Maidenhead — 198 
 Mansion House — 23, 33, 34 
 53 
 
 Marble Arch— 43, 67, 117 
 Markets — 175 
 
 Marlborough House — 22, 40, 
 
 115 
 
 Marshal sea Prison — 49 
 Medical Society — 140 
 
 Mendicity Society — 152 
 Metropolitan Meat Market — 
 30, 31 176 
 
 Metropolitan Music Hall — 
 
 111 , 112 
 
 Metropolitan Police — 146 
 Microscopical Society — 140 
 Middle Temple — 142 
 Middlesex Hospital — 27, 28, 
 149 
 
 Mill Hill-199 
 
 Millbank Prison— 46, 145, 187 
 Mint— 33, 51, 126, 127 
 Missionaries’ Museum — 95 
 Model Prison — 146 
 u Mohawks 110 
 Monument — 33, 47, 50, 174 
 “Moore and Burgess Min- 
 
 cf vpl a ” 1 1 4 
 
 ! Morden College-158 
 
 Museum of Pratical Geology 
 —93 
 
 Mudie’s Library— 28 
 
 National Agricultural Hall — 
 112 
 
 National Benevolent Institu- 
 tion — 155 
 
 NationaliGallery — 37, 41,88, 89 
 National Guardian Institution 
 —154 
 
 National Portrait Gallery — 90 
 91 
 
 Natural History Museum — 87 
 Nelson’s Monument — 37 
 New Spring Gardens — 46 
 j Newgate Prison — 23, 31, 145 
 Numismatic Society — 140 
 
 “ Old Curiosity Shop ” — 29 
 
Index . 
 
 267 
 
 Old Swan Stairs — 49 
 Olympia — 45, 112 
 Omnibus Routes — 207 
 Omnibus System — 18 
 Oratory, Brompton — 82 
 Orphan Working School — 160 
 Oxford Music Hall — 27. 110 
 
 Painted Chamber — 58 
 Painters in Oil Colours, Insti- 
 tute of — 91 
 
 Painters in Water Colours, 
 Royal Institute of — 91 
 Painters in Water Colours, 
 Royal Society of — 91 
 Pantheon — 27 
 Paris Carden — 48 
 Parkes’ Museum — 95 
 Pathological Society — 140 
 Patriotic Fund— 156, 157 
 Petersham Park — 185 
 Pharmaceutical Society — 138 
 Physicians, Royal College of 
 —136 
 
 Poets’ Corner — 38, 57 
 Police -146 
 
 Police Court Funds — 152 
 Poor French Protestants’ 
 Hospital — 152 
 Pope’s Grotto — 185 
 Post Office Savings Banks — 
 153 
 
 Postal Divisions — 16 
 Postal System — 17 
 Primrose Hill — 119 
 Princes’ Hall — 41, 114 
 Pro - Cathedral — 81 
 Public Record Office — 34 
 
 Queen Anne’s Bounty — 155 
 
 Railway System — 19 
 R ailway Termini — Cannon 
 
 Street— 34, 47, 49, 65 
 Charing Cross — 37, 47, 49 
 Euston Square — 28 
 Fenchurch Street — 52 
 Great Eastern — 32 
 * Great Northern — 27 
 Holborn Viaduct — 30 
 London Bridge — 45, 49 
 Midland— 27, 74 
 North London — 33 
 Victoria — 39, 43, 45 
 Waterloo — 36 
 
 Reforma tory and RefugeUnion 
 —151 
 
 Regent’s Canal Basin — 172 
 Regents’ Park— 2, 25, 52, 118, 
 119, 139 
 Richmond — 185 
 Richmond Palace — 183 
 Richmond Park — 122 
 Roman Remains — 65 
 Rotten Row — 24, 116 
 Royal Academy — 22, 41, 44, 89 
 Royal Academy of Music — 43 
 Royal Albert Docks — 51 
 Royal Courts of Justice — 35, 
 142 
 
 Royal Exchange — 23, 32, 128 
 Royal Institution — 43, 133 
 Royal Italian Opera — 36, 97 
 Royal Music Hall — 111 
 Royal Aquarium — 110 
 Royal Society — 131, 135 
 Royal— 111 
 
268 
 
 Index. 
 
 Rye House — 197 
 
 Sailors’ Home — 152 
 St. Bartholomew’s Hospital — 
 31, 72, 147 
 
 St. George’s Cathedral— 80 
 St. George’s Hall — 108 
 St. George’s Hospital — 148 
 St. Giles’s Hospital — 28 
 St. James’s Hall — 114 
 St. James’s Palace — 66, 67 
 St. James’s Park — 115 
 St. John’s Gate — 63, 64 
 St. Katharine’s Docks — 171 
 St. Mary’s Hospital — 149 
 St. Paul’s Cathedral— 54, 55, 
 St. Paul’s School — 56 
 St. Stephen’s Chapel — 60 
 St. Stephen’s Hall — 60 
 St. Thomas’s Hospital — 187 
 Sanitary Institute — 14 L 
 School Board (London) — 95, 96 
 School of Mines — 93 
 Scotland Yard — 37 
 Sculpture Gallery — 91 
 Shoeblacks — 21 
 Sion House — 185 
 Smithfield — 31 
 Soane Museum — 92 
 Society of Arts — 138 
 Soho Bazaar — 27 
 Somerset House — 132 
 Sons of the Clergy Anniver- 
 sary — 114 
 
 South Kensington Museum — 
 87, 88 
 
 Southwark Bridge — 48 
 Southwark Park — 25, 121 
 Spencer House — 116 
 Spurgeon’s Tabernacle — 82 
 Stafford House — 116 
 Staple Inn — 30 
 Star Chamber — 58 
 Statistical Society — 141 
 Statues — Achilles — 117 
 Duke of Wellington — 33 
 George Peabody — 33, 53 
 Prince Consort — 30 
 Queen Anne — 34 
 Rowland Hill — 53 
 Sir John Franklin — 41 
 Sir Robert Peel — 32 
 Steamboats — 20 
 Stock Exchange — 32, 53 
 Strangers’Friend Society — 152 
 Strawberry Hill — 185 
 Suburban London — 182, 183 
 Surgeons, Royal College of — 
 29,136 
 
 Tabard Inn — 49 
 Taplow — 198 
 Teddington Lock — 185 
 Temple — 142, 143 
 Temple Bar — 35 
 Thames (Albert) Embank- 
 ment — 46 
 
 Thames (Victoria) Embank- 
 ment — 187, 188 
 Thames Tunnel — 51, 173 
 j Truefitt — 4 
 
 Theatres — Adelphi — 36, 99 
 Alhambra — 1 10 
 Avenue — 102 
 Britannia — 107 
 
Index. 
 
 269 
 
 Theatres (continued) — 
 Comedy — 41, 99 
 Court — 45, 101 
 Criterion— 41 , 99 
 Drury Lane — 36, 9<S 
 Elephant and Castle — 107 
 Empire — 41, 110 
 Gaiety— 36, 104, 105 
 Garrick — 105 
 Globe— 35, 105 
 Globe (Shakspeare’s) — 48 
 Grand — 102 
 Haymarket — 29 , 98 
 Her Majesty’s — 39 41, 97 
 Lyceum — 36, 100, 101 
 Lyric — 103 
 Marylebone — 107 
 Olympic — 35, 101 
 Opera Comique — 35, 100 
 Pavilion — 111 
 Prince of Wales’s — 41, 104 
 Princess’s — 27, 100 
 Rose — 48 
 Royalty — 104 
 Sadler’s Wells — 107 
 St. James’s — 102, 103 
 Sanger’s (Astley’s) — 39, 106 
 Savoy — 36, 100 
 Shaftesbury — 104 
 Standard — 107 
 Strand — 35, 103 
 Surrey — 106 
 Terry’s— 103 
 Toole’s — 33, 105 
 Vaudeville — 36, 106 
 Tilbury Docks — 51, 172 
 “ Times ” Office — 34, 48, 180, 
 Tooth’s (Mr.) Gallery— 91 
 Tower of London — 61, 62 
 Tower Subway— 50, 174 
 
 Traitors’ Gate — 62 
 Tramways — 20 
 Treasury — 23, 37 
 Trinity House — 52 
 Trocadero Music Hall— 111 
 Turkish Baths — 200 
 
 Unitarian Chapel — 85 
 United Service Museum — 93 
 United States Bankers — 202 
 United States Officials — 201 
 j United States Passports — 201 
 Universal Beneficent Society 
 —153 
 
 University College — 28 
 University College Hospital — 
 28, 149* 
 
 Vauxhall Bridge — 45, 145 
 Vauxhall Gardens — 46 
 Victoria Docks — 51, 172 
 Victoria Park — 119, 120 
 Victoria Tower — 58, 59 
 Virginia Water — 194 
 
 Walbrook — 49 
 Waltham Abbey — 198 
 Wandsworth Prison — 146 
 War Office — 40 
 Waterloo Bridge — 36, 47 
 Waterlow Park — 193 
 Wesleyan Chapel (City Road) 
 —84 
 
 West India Docks — 51, 172 
 
Index. 
 
 270 
 
 Westminster Abbey — 56, 57 
 Westminster Bridge — 38 
 Westminster Hall — 60,61 
 Westminster Hospital — 38, 119 
 Westminster Palace — 58, 60 
 Westminster School — 38 
 White Horse Cellar — 44 
 Wliitefriars — 47 
 Whitehall— 69 
 Woolwich — 195, 196 
 Whitehall Palace — 69, 77 
 Whitfield’s Chapel — 84 
 Whittington College — 159 
 Williams’s (Dr.) Library — 28 
 Windsor Castle — 193, 194 
 
 Women and Children, Society 
 for Protection of— 151 
 Wood Green— 192 
 Wormwood Scrubs Prison — 
 146 
 
 York House — 69 
 
 Zoological Gardens — 25, 118 
 Zoological Society — 139 
 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Archery -- 
 
 Thomas Aldred . 
 
 . xxxii 
 
 Artistic Designers — 
 
 Allan W yon 
 
 vii 
 
 Bags ( Travelling ) — 
 
 J. W. Allen 
 
 . xxix 
 
 Boot Maher — 
 
 Sparkes, Hall & Co. 
 
 ^ xxviii 
 
 Breech- Loading Arms — 
 
 E. M. Reilly & Co. 
 
 . xxvii 
 
 Canes — 
 
 Thomas Aldred . 
 
 . xxxii 
 
 
 Sangster & Co. . 
 
 . xiv 
 
 Champagne — 
 
 Giesler & Co. 
 
 . xviii 
 
 » * 
 
 Jules Mumm & Co. 
 
 vi 
 
 Chandeliers — 
 
 F. & C. Osier 
 
 iii 
 
 China Ware — 
 
 F. & C. Osier 
 
 iii 
 
 Clocks — 
 
 Hancock & Co. . 
 
 xiii 
 
 Cosmetics — 
 
 Rowlands . 
 
 xi 
 
 Cricketing Goods — 
 
 Thomas Aldred . 
 
 . xxxii 
 
272 Index to Advertisements . 
 
 Dressmaker and Milliner — 
 Dry Goods — 
 
 > j 
 
 Eastern Art Products — 
 Etching Publisher- 
 Engravers — 
 
 Field and Marine Glasses — 
 Fishing Tackle- 
 Furriers — 
 
 Goldsmiths — 
 
 1 > 
 
 Si 
 
 Glass Ma nufact urers — 
 Gunsmiths — 
 
 Hair Restorer — 
 
 Hotels — 
 
 >> 
 
 > > 
 
 Mrs. St. Maur . . xxiii 
 
 J. Allison & Co. . xvii 
 Debenham k Free- 
 
 body iv 
 
 Peter Robinson . . xxxv 
 
 Shoolbred & Co. . xxi 
 
 Geo. Gulley & Co. . xvi 
 
 Robert Hunthorne . xxxiii 
 
 Allan Wyon . . vii 
 
 J. H. Steward . . ix 
 
 Thomas Aldred . . xxxii 
 
 International Fur 
 Store ... ii 
 
 Carrington k Co. . x 
 
 Hancock & Co. . . xiii 
 
 Allan Wyon . . vii 
 
 F. k C. Osier . . iii 
 
 E. M. Reilly & Co. . xxvii 
 
 Rowlands xi 
 
 Adelphi Hotel, Liver- 
 pool . . . xxv 
 
 Clarendon Hotel , 
 
 Edinburgh . . xxiv 
 
 Palace Hotel, South- 
 port 
 
 XXVI 
 
Index to Advertisements. 
 
 273 
 
 Hotels — 
 
 Heraldic Stationers — 
 
 Italian Wines — 
 Indian Shawls — 
 
 Jewellers — 
 
 Lace Merchants — 
 
 Ladies Outfitters— 
 
 55 55 
 
 5 5 5 5 
 
 5 ? 55 
 
 ,, Bootmaker — 
 
 ,, Tailors — 
 
 55 55 
 
 ,, Employment Society — 
 
 Linen Drapers — 
 
 55 55 
 
 55 55 
 
 55 55 
 
 Livery Stable Keepers — 
 
 Continental Hotel, 
 
 Milan . . . xxii 
 
 Hotel Victoria, Switzer- 
 land . . . xxii 
 
 Schweizerhof and 
 
 Luzernerhof . . xxiii 
 
 Allan Wyon . . vii 
 
 Vitali .... xxxi 
 Geo. Gulley Co. . xvi 
 
 Carrington & Co. . xx 
 
 Hancock & Co. . . xiii 
 
 Allan Wyon vii 
 
 Hayward ... v 
 J. Allison & Co. . . xvii 
 
 Debenham & Free- 
 
 body iv 
 
 Peter Robinson . . xxxv 
 
 Shoolbred & Co. . . xxi 
 
 Sparkes, Hall & Co. . xxviii 
 Harris Jones & Co. . x 
 Redfern & Son . viii 
 
 Mrs. St. Maur . . xxiii 
 
 Peter Robinson . . xxxv 
 
 Allison & Co. . . xvii 
 
 Debenham & Free- 
 
 body ... iv 
 Shoolbred & Co. . . xxi 
 
 W. & H. Clinch . xxx 
 
274 Index to Advertisements . 
 
 Medallists § Monograms — Allan Wyon . . vii 
 
 Opera Glasses — 
 
 Outfitters ( Gen tlemerf s)* — 
 
 Perfumers — 
 
 Portmanteaus — 
 
 Silk Mercers — 
 
 -> t >> 
 
 >) 3 ? 
 
 5 ? 33 
 
 Spectacles and Eye Glasses — 
 Sporting Apparatus — 
 Stationery — 
 
 Tailors — 
 
 Toilet Articles — 
 
 Umbrellas — 
 
 Watchmakers — 
 
 Wine Merchants— 
 
 Wa t er proof Manufac turers- - 
 
 J. H. Steward . . ix 
 
 Capper & Waters . xii 
 
 • 
 
 Bayley & Co. . . xv 
 
 J. W. Allen . . xxix 
 
 Peter Robinson . . xxxv 
 
 Allison & Co. . . xvii 
 
 Debenham & Free- 
 
 body iv 
 
 Shoolbred & Co. . . xxi 
 
 J. H. Steward . . ix 
 
 E. M. Reilly & Co. . xxvii 
 Allan Wyon . . vii 
 
 Harris Jones & Co. . x 
 
 Rowlands . . . xi 
 
 Sangster & Co. . . xiv 
 
 Thomas Aldred . . xxxii 
 
 Hancock & Co. . . xiii 
 
 The Lang’ham Hotel 
 
 Company. . . xix 
 
 Anderson, Anderson 
 
 & Anderson . . xxxiv 
 
R OWLANDS’ TOILET ARTICLES 
 
 Have been known for nearly 100 years to be the best which can be 
 obtained : the best articles are in the long run always the cheapest. 
 
 ROWLANDS’ MACASSAR OIL 
 
 Is the best and safest preserver and beautifier of the hair, and can also 
 be had in a golden colour for fair and golden-haired children and 
 people. Sizes : 3/6, 7/-, 10/6, equal to 4 small. 
 
 ROWLANDS’ KALYDOR 
 
 Is a most soothing emollient and refreshing preparation for the face, 
 hands and arms. It removes all freckles, tan sunburn, sting of 
 insects, prickly heat, chaps, redness, irritation and roughness of the 
 skin, &c. ; produces a beautiful and delicate complexion. Sizes : 4/6 
 and 8/6. Half-sized bottles at 2/3, 
 
 ROWLANDS’ 0D0NT0 
 
 Is the best Tooth Powder; it prevents decay, strengthens the gums, 
 and renders the teeth white and sound. 
 
 Ask for ROWLANDS’ ARTICLES, 
 
 of 20, Hatton Garden, London, and avoid cheap spurious imitations 
 under the same or similar names. 
 
 XI 
 
SILK UNDERWEAR, 
 
 Best Quality only. 
 
 PURE SPUN SILK 
 
 In Four , Six, Twelve, Sixteen and Twenty Threads. 
 
 ALSO, A SPECIALITY OF CAPPER & WATERS, 
 
 ALL PURE BRIGHT SILK 
 
 In Gauze , Three Threads, Nine Threads & Sixteen Threads. 
 
 EVERY SIZE IN STOCK. 
 
 LOWEST PRICES POSSIBLE. 
 
 CAPPER & WATERS 
 
 (The Corazza Shirt Warehouse), 
 
 29, REGENT STREET, 
 
 LONDON, S.W. 
 
 (Three Doors below Piccadilly Circus.) 
 
 HYGIENIC WOOL UNDERCLOTHING, 
 SCARES, TRAVELLING WRAPS, GLOVES, &c. 
 
 AN INSPECTION INVITED. 
 
 Telegraphic Address— “ CORAZZA, LONDON/' 
 
 XII 
 
Visitors are respectfully invited to 
 
 XIII 
 
JR,S TO THE QUEEN. 
 
 SANCSTER & CO., Ltd., 
 
 UMBRELLAS. 
 
 EN TOUT CAS, 
 WALKING STICKS. 
 
 S. <fe 00., Ltd., respectfully invite an inspection 
 of their choice and large assortment of the above 
 articles, moderate in price, and of the latest fashion. 
 The newest designs of handles for Umbrellas 
 and En tout Cas. 
 
 |>peciaCUtes : 
 
 CHILDREN’S UMBRELLAS, 
 PORTMANTEAU UMBRELLAS. 
 
 Useful to Travellers, in stock, and made to order. 
 
 140, REGENT STREET ; 94, FLEET STREET ; 
 10, ROYAL EXCHANGE; 75, CHEAPS IDE. 
 
 XIV 
 
PERFUMERS. 
 
 $p Appointment. 
 
 H.R.H. THE 
 DUKE AND DUCHESS 
 OF YORK, 1792. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 GEORGE THE 4th, 
 1823. 
 
 glppointment. 
 
 H.R.H. 
 
 PRINCESS OF WALES, 
 1795. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 WILLIAM THE 4th, 
 1883. 
 
 And to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, and Foreign Courts. 
 
 BAYLEY'S 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1739. 
 
 Sole piamtfaelttrers of tlje original 
 
 (( TOO Q /-\ | | /’* - \ | | "T“ j 5 AND OTHER CHOICE 
 
 tLO^ DUUL(U L I PERFUMES. 
 
 AND OF 
 
 THE CELEBRATED SPERMACETI 
 
 AND OTHER SOAP TABLETS. 
 
 17, COCKSPUR STREET, LONDON, S.W. 
 
 TO BE OBTAINED OF ALL FIRST-CLASS HOUSES ON THE 
 CONTINENTS. 
 
 XV 
 
GEO. GULLEY & Co. 
 
 Late 
 
 FARMER & ROGERS. 
 
 Respectfully invite inspection of their new importation of 
 
 EASTERN ART PRODUCTIONS 
 
 SCREENS. 
 
 FANS. 
 
 CABINETS. 
 
 TABLES. 
 
 PORTIERES. 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 STANDS. BRONZES. 
 
 TRAYS. CHOISONNE. 
 
 GONGS. LACQUERY. 
 
 PANELS. j EMBROIDERIES. 
 CURTAINS. RUGS. 
 
 ANTIQUE & MODERN PORCELAIN 
 of every description. 
 
 A great variety of Japanese and other Eastern 
 Curios from 6d. to 100 Guineas. 
 
 IMPORTERS OF 
 
 INDIAN SHAWLS 
 
 AND RAMPORE CHUDDAS- 
 
 The ORIENTAL WAREHOUSE, 
 
 117 & 119, REGENT STREET, LONDON. 
 
 XVI 
 
REGENT HOUSE 
 
 MAGAS IN DE NOUVEAUTE. 
 
 J. ALLISON & CO. 
 
 (General ffiterejmiscmcn 
 
 AND 
 
 IMPORTERS OF FANCY GOODS, 
 
 SILKS, IRISH POPLINS, SHAWLS, MANTLES, DRESS FABRICS, 
 LACE, RIBBONS, HOSIERY, GLOVES, MILLINERY, LINGERIE, 
 DRESSMAKING, HOUSEHOLD AND TABLE LINEN. 
 
 Jfamtlp Sc Complimentary Jflourmng;, 
 
 238, 240 & 242, REGENT STREET 
 
 AND 
 
 26 & 27, ARGYLL STREET, W. 
 
 Near the Lang haw Hotel. 
 
 XVII 
 
qiesler & oo. 
 
 Labels used on Bottles. 
 
 London House — EKEDK. GIESLEK & Go. 
 
 Agent for United States — Mr. GEOEGE S. NICHOLAS, 
 43, Beaver Street, New York. 
 XVIII 
 
THE 
 
 ITitttgjrara Hotel CompauD 
 
 (LIMITED), 
 
 WINE MERCHANTS. 
 
 Wine Office 
 
 1, CHANDOS STREET, CAYENDISH SQUARE, W. 
 
 (adjoining the hotel.) 
 
 Visitors to the Jfanyham hdotel 
 are respectfully informed that 
 all the articles on the Wine Wist 
 will le furnished at (Wholesale 
 ^Prices for a single dozen or more. 
 
 £t 'er ms , fash on delivery. 
 
 XIX 
 
CARRINGTON & CO. 
 
 (CO LL I S & CO.), 
 
 MANUFACTURING SILVERSMITHS, 
 
 ELECTRO- PLATERS, GILDERS, 
 
 GOLDSMITHS AND JEWELLERS, 
 
 130, REGENT STREET, W., 
 
 AND 
 
 57, CAMBRIDGE STREET, BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Messrs. (Jar kington & Co. beg respectfully to draw the 
 attention of the Nobility, Gentry, and Public to their 
 Establishments as above, where will be found every 
 requisite for the Table, in the most modern and approved 
 taste, of the highest quality of Plating and Finish, and in 
 all respects equal to Solid Silver articles of the most 
 costly description. 
 
 Messrs. Carrington & Co. also beg to mention that 
 they were the makers of the whole of the Plate in use in 
 the Langham Hotel, as well as many others. 
 
 Their Stock comprises a great choice of Articles, both 
 New and Second-hand, suitable for 
 
 WEDDING & OTHER PRESENTS, 
 
 An inspection of which they earnestly solicit. 
 
 xx 
 
SHOOLBRfa „ 
 
 ^ Cq 
 
 SPECIALITIES. 
 
 LINENS, HOSIERY, RICH SILKS. 
 
 * 
 
 ■ 
 
 A 
 
 N 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 (Customers are incited to inspect the grand new Specimen Show Rooms.) 
 
 CARPETS, UPHOLSTERY, &o. 
 
 JAMES SHOOLBRED & CO., 
 
 Tottenham Court Road, W. 
 
 HIGH CLASS FURNITURE. 
 
 XXI 
 
 ’SSLJc.acjiy: mtow 
 
CONTINENTAL HOTEL, MILAN. 
 
 Via A. Manzoni. 
 
 FIRST CLASS FAMILY HOTEL newly opened in 1882. 
 
 FULL SOUTH, the nearest to the Cathedral , Post-Office , 
 G alter le, V.E and Picture Gallerie. 
 
 200 ROOMS AND 15 PRIVATE SITTING ROOMS, ALL LIGHTED BY 
 ELECTRIC LIGHT (EDISON SYSTEM). 
 
 HYDRAULIC LIFT TO EVERY FLOOR, WITH SAFETY APPARATUS. 
 
 &i)c 0ngltsi) (£f)urd) of JFttlan comurtcti tout) tfjel^otel. 
 
 Hotel patronised by English and American Travellers. 
 
 MARINI LEGNANI & C0-, Proprietors. 
 
 HOTEL VICTORIA, 
 
 0AV08-PLATZ, CANTON DE8 GRISONS, SWITZERLAND. 
 
 First -class Hotel, splendidly situated in the centre of 
 the English quarter. The Victoria was opened in 1885, 
 and is beautifully fitted up with every modern comfort. It 
 faces south-west, and the balconies and public verandahs 
 are particularly sheltered. The Salons are handsomely 
 furnished and have open fireplaces. There is a Billiard and 
 Smoke-room, with a full-sized English Billiard Table. 
 The Reading is well supplied with books and English 
 papers. Bath-room with hot and cold water; also Shower 
 Bath. Morning and Evening Concerts in the Hotel. 
 Sanitary arrangements and water supply perfect. Special 
 attention is paid to the Cooking. 
 
 For Prospectus and full particulars , kindly apply to the Proprietor. 
 
 F. PESTALOZZI 
 
 XXII 
 
SCHWEIZERHOF 
 
 ^ 1ST ID 
 
 LUZERN ERHOF. 
 
 FIRST CLASS HOTELS, IN THE BEST 
 SITUATION OF LUCERNE. * 
 
 Hydraulic Lift and Electric Light in both Hotels. 
 
 Schweizerhof Heated throughout iu Winter. 
 
 Proprletors-HAUS ER BROTHERS. 
 
 Habtes’ (JBmplojpment Society, 
 
 71, PARK ST., GROSVENOR SQ. 
 
 |Tabtes’t£ <f jjilbrra’s #ut5ttm. 
 
 Specialities in Artistic 
 Teagowns. 
 
 Children’s Smocked 
 Fiocks 
 
 Agency 
 for Gover- 
 nesses, Com- 
 panions, Matrons, 
 Trained Nurses, Secre- 
 taries, &c. 
 
 XXIII 
 
EDINBURGH. 
 
 CLARENDON HOTEL. 
 
 The finest position in Princes Street, overlooking 
 * 
 
 the Castle and Princes Gardens, 
 
 HANDSOME AND COMMODIOUS 
 PUBLIC ROOMS, 
 
 ELEGANT PRIVATE SITTING ROOMS, 
 
 SMOKING 8c BILLIARD ROOMS. 
 
 THE MOST ECONOMICAL FIRST CLASS HOTEL 
 IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 BOARDING TERMS, 10s. 6d. per day. 
 
 Under the personal management of an English Proprietor. 
 
 XXIV 
 
ADELPHI HOTEL, 
 
 LITBBPOOL . 
 
 o^)^> 
 
 STThis old-established family hotel 
 
 having been entirely te-built and re-furnished, 
 is now one of the largest in Europe. It contains 
 nearly 300 Sleeping Booms ; about 50 Parlours ; Ladies’ 
 Drawing Rooms ^ Writing Boom ; Visitors’ . and 
 Luggage Lifts ; a spacious Smoking Boom in front ; 
 Billiard Room, with Six Tables ; Restaurant, &c. 
 
 The Corridors on each floor are of fire-proof con- 
 struction, and Fire-Extinguishers are laid on throughout 
 the building. 
 
 The Hotel is centrally situated, is near the Railways, 
 Landing Stage, and places of amusement, and has 
 for upwards of fifty years, been exclusively patronized 
 by the leading families of Great Britain, Canada, and 
 the United States, 
 
 Carriages of every description constantly in 
 attendance. 
 
 Luggage conveyed to and from the Great Northern, 
 Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire, and Midland 
 Railways free of charge. 
 
 Intending visitors will be met at any other Station 
 if desired, and their baggage conveyed to the Hotel 
 free of charge. 
 
 A large stock of Live West India Turtle always 
 on hand. 
 
 All telegrams and letters to be addressed to 
 
 W. LUDLOW, Manager 
 
 XXV 
 
 L 
 
PALACE HOTEL 
 
 BIRKDALE PARK, 
 
 SOUTHPORT. 
 
 (Within easy distance of Liverpool and 
 Manchester.) 
 
 CHARMING RESORT, 
 
 Standing in its own Magnificent Grounds of five 
 acres, and overlooking the Sea. 
 
 Handsomely Furnished, Electric Light, and the 
 
 FINEST BATHS IN THE KINGDOM. 
 
 TARIFF MODERATE. 
 
 THE BIRKDALE PALACE STATION IS 
 CONTIGUOUS TO THE HOTEL. 
 
 TO . .A. FICLKL, Manager 
 
 [Late of the Langham Hotel , London ). 
 
 XXVI 
 
IMPROVED BREECHLOADERS. 
 
 LARGEST STOCK IN LONDON. 
 
 The best and latest systems with Hammers below line of sight. 
 Superior guns, in Pairs, and sets of three guns in same case. 
 Light, handy 12-bores, left barrel choke, lbs. weight. 
 
 Improved 16-bores and 20-bores, close pattern and long range. 
 
 Further improvements in 
 
 HAMMERLESS GUNS. 
 
 IMPROVED EJECTOR HAMMERLESS 
 
 CENTRAL-FIRE BREECHLOADERS. 
 
 Excellent PLAIN GUNS and HAMMERLESS GUNS at low 
 prices, Ten to Fifteen Guineas. 
 
 KEEPERS’ GUNS, Five Guineas. RABBIT RIFLES 
 
 SPECIAL PIGEON GUNS. 
 
 Of great power, Hurlingham weight, Whitworth steel tubes, 
 marvellous pattern ; trials at our private shooting grounds. 
 
 EXPRESS DOUBLE RIFLES, 
 
 400 to 500 calibre, and late improvements. 
 
 WILDFOWL GUNS, Single and Double. 
 
 E. M. REILLY & Co., 
 
 277, OXFORD STREET, W., near REGENT CIRCUS 
 and 16, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON. 
 
 XXYII 
 
SPARKES, HALL & GO., 
 
 BOOT UVE-A-IECIEIR/S 
 
 )Bcr jtflatcsfn tl)t (Sliietn 
 
 AND 
 
 )t prince anti princess of Males. 
 
 308 & 310 , 
 
 REGENT STREET, 
 
 LONDON, W. 
 
 XXVIII 
 
ALLEN’S PORTMANTEAUS 
 37.STRAND LONDON. 
 
 DRESSING BAGS, 
 
 SILVER AND IVORY FITTINGS, 
 
 OVERLAND TRUNKS, 
 
 STRONG DRESS BASKETS. 
 
 GLADSTONE BAGS, &C. 
 
 CASH DISCOUNT 10 per CENT . 
 
 MW CATALOGUES POST EE,EE. 
 
 Prize Medals for General Excellence. 
 
 XXIX 
 
Telephone No. 3572. 
 
 LIVELY STABLES. 
 
 * 
 
 LANDAUS, VICTORIAS, 
 
 BROUGHAMS, &c., 
 
 FOR HIRE BY HOUR 
 
 OR OTHERWISE. 
 
 Orders received at the Langham 
 General Office , 
 
 Four-in-hand Drags, Waggonettes, &c. 
 
 W. & H. CLINCH, 
 
 KEPPEL STKEET, 
 
 Proprietors . 
 
 xxx 
 
EGIBIO VITA LI’S 
 
 Italian Winfs. 
 
 Italian lied, Httote and jip rilling Mines, 
 
 GIROLAMO LUXARDO 
 
 ii CYPCI ClOD ” 
 
 “ EXCELSIOR,” 
 
 IMPERIAL AND ROYAL “ MARASCHINO ” DISTILLERY, 
 LONDON DEROT-: 
 
 5 & 6, GREAT WINCHESTER STREET, 
 LONDON, E.C. 
 
 P.S. — The “Valtellina Grape-cure” is now being recommended by 
 leading Physicians, and begins the ist of September, at Sondrio. 
 — Hotel Vitaliy Italy. 
 
 TRADE 
 
 SHIPPER OF 
 
 MARK. 
 
 AND 
 
 $Ino Oqnnoutit di Torino. 
 
 XXXI 
 
ARCHERY, FISHING TACKLE, 
 UMBRELLAS, 
 
 Riding and Driving Whips, to. 
 
 THOMAS ALDRED, 
 
 MANUFACTURER 
 
 the Prince and Princess of Wales, Emperor {/ate) 
 and Empress of the French, Queen of Denmark, 
 Sultan of Turkey and Khedive of Egypt, Emperor of 
 Brazil, King of the Belgians, and Holder of the Great 
 Exhibition, New York, International, Dublin, and Paris 
 
 GOLD * SILVER PRIZE MEDALS, 
 
 Begs to state his Goods are of First-rate Excellence, at 
 the most moderate prices. 
 
 N.B.— SOLE MANUFACTURER OF THE CELEBRATED THREE- 
 PIECE GLUED-UP-TRIANGULAR FISHING RODS. 
 
 MAlTUrACTORY : 
 
 258, OXFORD STREET, 
 
 AND 
 
 54 & 55, BURLINGTON ARCADE, LONDON. 
 
 CATALOGUE OF PRICES GRATIS. 
 
 XXXII 
 
^.:est exhibition 
 
 OF 
 
 (0ttjiingg, 3K*}|ntinta ml Banter Cnlnnt ©ramitigs 
 
 ROBERT DUNTHORNE’S GALLERY, 
 
 AT THE SIGN OF 
 
 The Rembrandt Head, 
 
 IN 
 
 VIGO STREET , over against SACKVILLE STREET 
 
 LOXDO TvT, W. 
 
 XXXIII 
 
ANDERSON, ANDERSON & ANDERSON, 
 
 37, QUEEN VICTORIA ST., LONDON, E.C. 
 
 XXXIV 
 
Peter Robinson, 
 
 OXFORD ST. 
 
 AND 
 
 REGENT ST. 
 
 ZEVEIR^TIEII^ra- 
 
 FOR LADIES’ WEAR. 
 
 FASHION BOOKS & PATTERNS FREE. 
 
 u«r -v x ii w r x ii 
 
 IN ALL DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 Highest-Class Goods at Moderate 
 Cost. 
 
 PETER ROBINSON. 
 
 XXXY