m 
 
 £fc 
 
 
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 AN APPEAL 
 
 FOR 
 
 A GREAT EXTENSION OF MISSIONS 
 TO THE HEATHEN; 
 
 OR, 
 
 THE CONVERSION OF THE GENTILE NATIONS 
 CHRIST'S PROMISED REWARD: 
 
 ARISING OUT OF THE SERVICES ON THE 20TH OF DECEMBER. 
 
 " It is a small thing," said He unto Me, 
 " That thou shouldst be My servant, 
 To raise up the stems of Jacob 
 And to restore the branches of Israel. 
 I will even give Thee for a light to the Gentiles, 
 To be My salvation to the end of the earth." 
 Isaiah xlix. 6. 
 
 Dr. Doothroyd's Translation. 
 
 THIS PAMPHLET IS, WITH ALL RESPECT, PRESENTED 
 THROUGH THE 
 CHRISTIAN BOOK SOCIETY, 
 
 1, ADAM STREET, ADELPHI, STRAND, 
 LONDON. 
 
 1873. 
 
 Price One Shilling,
 
 C. A. MACINTOSH, PRINTER, 
 GREAT NEW STREET, LONDON.
 
 INTRODUCTORY WORDS. 
 
 "We have liad our clay of intercession for Church 
 Missions; sermons, addresses, prayers, collections, 
 gifts. Still, one mighty question has to be put — Are 
 Christian people in this mighty empire of England 
 awake upon the subject? Have not many hearts 
 felt shame in the midst of our movement, that 
 Christian people are not effectually stirred up to 
 paramount interest in behalf of Christ's honour ? 
 The powerful voice of the greatest journal in the 
 world says, that something seems to be wanting, and 
 that all our operations seem low and feeble and be- 
 neath the mark. As to the English nation as a 
 whole, the charge must at once be confessed to be 
 too true. A tax of 1- 240th laid on a portion of the 
 income of Englishmen last year amounted to more 
 than two million and a-quarter sterling, which is 
 about twice as much as that is obtained in these 
 kingdoms for all Eoreign Missions. But this is not 
 all. Are Christian people, who do love the Lord 
 Jesus Christ, and who strive to live in obedience 
 to His commands, as much in earnest about fulfilling 
 His missionary command as about the rest ? Do 
 they spend their money and themselves in this work in 
 the same proportion as in several other works ? With 
 how much zeal did they enter upon the day that is 
 now gone? How many burdened thoughts — how 
 much wrestling with God — how much conference 
 with each other — and what did they give ? If that 
 day leave little result, it will indeed be a bad sign of 
 our religious condition, and a bad token for the 
 future of Missions. Rut the results are not yet 
 
 a2
 
 4 
 
 necessarily ended. Some arguments urged from 
 the pulpit on that occasion, under the pressure of 
 not a little fear and discouragement, are here circu- 
 lated in a new form, if, peradventure, they may 
 prove to have the stamp of the Spirit of God upon 
 them, by awakening additional effort and additional 
 prayer in the true people, the peculiar inheritance 
 of the Saviour. 
 
 Where there is no life we do not look for fire. 
 Missionary zeal is only to be asked from converted 
 souls. It is as concerning such that these words are 
 printed. It is from you that the effort must come. 
 Gifts, work, thoughts, conversations, and, over all, 
 prayer— earnest, varied, frequent, heartfelt prayer. 
 
 I have to add one other introductory word. My 
 name and my residence it matters not to know ; but 
 one thing may be mentioned, as a reason why I may 
 feel much anxiety that Missions may now take a 
 great stride forward. This is to recount a peculiar 
 privilege of my infancy. Many years ago, my 
 mother, returning home from a missionary meet- 
 ing, found me, quite a young child, on my knees in 
 the nursery, with my hands clasped and looking up. 
 I know nothing more. I know nothing of it my- 
 self. But it was enough. My mother made me 
 from that day a subscriber of a guinea a year to the 
 Church Missionary Society. I believe she continued 
 it till her death, just before I went to college ; and 
 certainly I found good old Simeon there, and I clung 
 to him ; and I took up the subscription which is only 
 now different in that it is larger, as I hope my love 
 for Missions for my Saviour's sake is larger also. 
 Committees, meetings, sermons— how many — have 
 left their mark ; but not to obliterate this original 
 dedication of me to Missions by my mother. 
 

 
 APPEAL 
 
 A feeling lias prevailed almost as long as I can 
 remember, and it stands stereotyped in the minds 
 of numbers, that Missions are not appointed to 
 effect much during the present dispensation. The 
 opinion has been maintained, advocated chiefly on 
 the ground of two texts, which we can presently 
 weigh, together with several others ; but I have 
 thought that for about forty years the idea has 
 acted with a damping and repressive influence. It 
 has indeed been often said, " You have the march- 
 ing orders of the great Captain to go into all the 
 world and to preach the Gospel to every (human) 
 creature " ; but man is so constituted that expecta- 
 tion of success doubles the strength of those who 
 " against great odds bear up the war." Else, why 
 has God given us so many prophecies, instead of 
 leaving us simply to the great principle of obedience 
 in spite of everything ? If, therefore, little result 
 is generally anticipated from Missions to the 
 Heathen, we are apt to turn our labours to things 
 near at hand, which we see, and which as it were 
 touch us, and to bestow a very disproportionate 
 littleness, I might almost say a minimum of atten- 
 tion and effort upon the need of foreign nations, 
 which we imperfectly know, and whose case seldom 
 crosses our path with anything like force. 
 
 Is not this the explanation of guinea subscrip- 
 tions, and of shillings and half-crowns put into the 
 plate by prosperous persons, except when some 
 stirring appeal has for the time altered their esti- 
 mate of things ? But this topic must recur. Let
 
 6 
 
 us at once enter upon the paramount field of the 
 statements of Scripture, and of the expectations 
 which they intimate or declare. 
 
 The verse on our title-page comes from a very 
 notable part of Isaiah's prophecies. It might even 
 be said that they reach a climax in that verse. And 
 I lean upon the high authority of Boothroyd in 
 expressing my conviction that the first thirteen 
 verses of this chapter regard the Gentile nations 
 and Christ. First, they are a prophecy of Christ's 
 success. The title Israel in verse 3, " Thou art my 
 servant, O Israel, in whom I will be glorified," must 
 here be spoken either of the whole nation of Israel, 
 or of Christ who is called Israel (Prince of God, 
 God's Prince) ; also in Hosea xi., " When Israel was 
 a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of 
 Egypt." Doubtless the first sense is the nation; 
 but St. Matthew ii. 15 claims it as belonging also to 
 Christ. But the fifth verse of this chapter of Isaiah 
 shows that Christ, and not the nation, is meant in 
 it by the word " Israel;" for it says, "He (God) that 
 formed me from the womb to bring Jacob again to 
 Him," i.e., the nation ; so that He that brings Jacob 
 back, though called Israel, is Christ. But as applied 
 to Christ, what power there is in the first verse, in 
 which not only is Christ said to have been " called," 
 like many others, to God's work, but also to have 
 had his name given to him before he was born ! 
 " Listen, O isles, unto me." The isles are the 
 various lands bordering on the Mediterranean Sea ; 
 " and hearken ye people from far ; " i.e., they that 
 arc far off and they that are nigh. " The Lord 
 (Jehovah) hath called me from the womb; from 
 the bowels of my mother" (the Virgin Mary) 
 " hath he made mention of my name" (i.e., by the
 
 angel who said, " He shall be called Jesus, Jehovah- 
 Saviour; for he shall save his people from their 
 sins.") The proof, then, that Christ is spoken to by 
 God as the future deliverer of the Gentile nations 
 is complete; and to show this I begin all words 
 so relating to Christ with a capital initial letter in 
 quoting this Scripture. 
 
 The chapter continues, " And He hath made My 
 mouth like a sharp sword ; " and a similar use of the 
 figure is made in Heb. iv. 12. " In the shadow of His 
 hand hath He hid Me, and made me a j)olished 
 shaft; in His quiver hath He hid Me," i.e., till the 
 time appointed (Boothroycl, "laid Me up in store "), 
 " and said unto Me, Thou art My servant, O Israel " 
 (God's Prince in the Hebrew), " in Whom I will be 
 glorified." Then the next verse very touchingly 
 alludes to the ajoparently small personal results 
 from the three years' ministry of Jesus ; and ever 
 since, to this day, many of Christ's truest ministers 
 have seemed to have occasion to joour forth their 
 sorrows in similar words. Hans Egede, for instance, 
 the apostle of Greenland, when deepening age and 
 apparent failure compelled him to retire to his 
 native country, uttered his last message in Green- 
 land in a sermon on this very text, " Then I said, I 
 have laboured in vain, and spent my strength for 
 nought and in vain." Let any one who doubts 
 these terms being fit, for an inspired seer overlook- 
 ing the map of the future, to put into Christ's 
 mouth, call to mind how on different occasions He 
 showed His human disappointment. Mark vi. 6, 
 "He marvelled because of their unbelief." He 
 cried out, too, on meeting the disciples and the 
 multitude, after coming down from the Mount of 
 Transfiguration, " O faithless and perverse genera-
 
 8 
 
 tion, how long shall I be with you and suffer you ! 
 Bring thy son hither." He said also to His disciples, 
 in the conversation about the leaven of the Phari- 
 sees, "How is it that ye do not understand? ' 
 And lastly, when He was healing the deaf man 
 — as He was touching his ears, and saying, 
 "Ephphatha," He sighed. See Keble's true inter- 
 pretation — 
 
 " The Son of God in doing good 
 Was fain to look to heaven and sigh ; " 
 
 and, 
 
 " What hoots it gathering one lost leaf 
 Out of that sere and withered heap % " 
 
 But the chapter next indicates the ground of rest, 
 which Egecle had not forgotten ; for he included it 
 in his text. " Yet surely My judgment is with 
 Jehovah, and My work with My God" ; Boothroyd 
 makes it "the reward of My works is with My God." 
 
 The fifth verse gives a prophetic turn of the most 
 encouraging kind, — " And now saith Jehovah, who 
 formed me from the womb to be his servant, to 
 bring Jacob again to him, Though Israel be not 
 gathered, yet shall I be glorious in the eyes of the 
 Lord, and my God shall be " (lit. was) " my strength. 
 And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldst 
 be my servant," (then Boothroyd, with the Syriac) 
 " to raise up the stems of Jacob and to restore the 
 branches of Israel ; I will even give thee for a light 
 to the Gentiles, to be my salvation to the ends of 
 the earth." An Englishman can hardly avoid 
 thinking that he sees Britain here, " penitus toto 
 divisos orbe Britannos ; " nor is it candid to deny 
 that the distant Americas, so long hidden between 
 the vast oceans of the West and East, may claim 
 inclusion in the promise. But it is of yet more 
 consequence that " to the ends of the earth " may
 
 9 
 
 well be understood as including yet more, i.e., the 
 intervening nations, which makes the promise of 
 Christ's inheritance universally as well as particu- 
 larly applicable. But the Spirit of God does not 
 stop here. He, by the prophet, adds, " Thus saith 
 Jehovah, the Redeemer of Israel, his'' (i.e., Israel's) 
 "Holy One, to Him" (Christ) "whom man de- 
 spiseth," to Him, "whom the nation abhorreth'? 
 (literally, abominated of the nation — Dr. Young 
 and Boothroyd ; but Montanus strangely makes it, a 
 hated nation), " to a servant of rulers, Kings shall 
 see and. arise; Princes also shall worship" (bow 
 themselves) " because of Jehovah, that is faithful, 
 and because of the Holy One of Israel, for he chose 
 thee or hath chosen thee" (Montanus). 
 
 We have next, according to both Boothroyd and 
 Weiss, a picture of the renovating influences of the 
 Gospel, even upon the very countries themselves 
 also; and perhaps with some reference to future 
 gatherings of nations on great general religious 
 festivals, and intimating all possible facilities in the 
 mode of passing those great mountains that had long 
 been almost impassable barriers between great 
 nations. " Thus," saith Jehovah, " in an acceptable 
 time have Iheard" (lit. answered) "Thee andin a day 
 of salvation have I helped Thee ; and I will preserve 
 Thee and give Thee for a covenant of the people " 
 (not of Israel, but the whole body of the nations, 
 i.e., mankind ; Gesenius' fifth sense of the word is 
 unwersum genus humanum), " to establish the earth, 
 to cause to inherit the desolate heritages " — i.e., to 
 cause the earth to be more abundantly peopled ; and 
 next to bring into community with the rest the 
 most retired and secluded nations — " that Thou 
 mayest say to the prisoners, Go forth ; to them that 
 
 B
 
 10 
 
 are in darkness, Shew yourselves." This should be 
 compared with Isaiah xlii., which was read in the 
 day's service, for it gives the same description in a 
 more expanded form. But our chapter continues, 
 " They shall feed in the ways, and their pasture 
 shall be in all high places. They shall not hunger 
 nor thirst" (i.e., in passing through the great 
 deserts), "neither shall the heat nor sun smite 
 them, for He that hath mercy on them shall lead 
 them; by the springs of water shall He guide 
 them." Every detail here seems to bring to view 
 modern methods of safe transit, yet in siich words 
 as not to be unsuitable to the methods in use in 
 ancient times. And not least what follows, " And 
 I will make My mountains a way" (mountains seem 
 to be peculiarly God's, as everything that is at once 
 waste and great) . In Boothroy d, (and my edition is of 
 1824), "My high roads shall be raised on high." 
 " Behold, these shall come from far, and lo ! these 
 from the north and the west, and these from the 
 land of Sinim." See Dr. W. Smith's Dictionary of 
 the Bible, which says, " The LXX. have ' the 
 Persians ' ; but it is identified by Gesenius, Hitzig, 
 Knobel, and others, with the classical Since, the in- 
 habitants of the southern part of China ; " and he 
 adds, " There is no a priori improbability in the 
 name of the Since being known to the inhabitants 
 of Western Asia," &c, &c. And now the prophecy 
 of Christ blessing the Gentile nations concludes in a 
 most appropriate strain : " Sing, O heavens ; and be 
 joyful, O earth" (all the terms are general) ; "and 
 break forth into singing, O mountains, for Jehovah 
 hath comforted his people " (I.e., all are Bis, or else 
 it means the nations that are then His people), 
 ' and on His afflicted will have compassion."
 
 11 
 
 After this nothing conld acid more to the support 
 of all this interpretation than the new strain which 
 the prophet next takes up — in the most pathetic 
 contrast, describing the natural remonstrance of 
 Israel — " the elder son" of Christ's parable. " But 
 Zion said, Jehovah hath forsaken me, and my Lord 
 had forgotten me ; " and then comes God's most 
 tender, and perhaps unequalled, reply : " Can a 
 woman forget her sucking child, and feel no tender- 
 ness for the son of her womb? " Such is Boothroyd; 
 but it is not better than our own Bibles — " That she 
 should not have compassion on the son of her 
 womb ? Yea, they may forget " (such instances 
 have been), " yet will not I forget thee," &c. But 
 Boothroyd makes the 17th verse very striking — 
 " They that destroyed thee shall soon be thy bitilders" 
 &c. &c. " All these are gathered together. They 
 come to thee," &c., &c. ; and verse 22, " Thus saith 
 the Lord Jehovah, Behold, I will lift up my hand 
 to the nations, and to the peoples will I exalt my 
 signal, and they shall bring thy sons in their bosom, 
 and thy daughters shall be borne on their shoulders" 
 — these seem to be the Eastern palanquin-bearers — 
 *• and kings shall be thy foster-fathers, and their 
 queens thy nursing mothers," &c. I am tempted 
 here to say that, whether Israel will be brought back 
 in an unconverted state or no, one can hardly help 
 inferring that very many Gentiles must have learned 
 obedience and love to God, before they will show so 
 much kindness, and do such service to God's ancient 
 people. Not, however, all ; for enemies are spoken 
 of -in verses 21, 25 : " I will contend with him that 
 contendeth with thee, and will save thy children," 
 &c, &c. ; " and all flesh shall know that I, Jehovah, 
 am thy Saviour, and that thy Redeemer is the Holy 
 One of Israel." B 2
 
 12 
 
 There we must needs stcyp, and two things must 
 be recognised in this chapter : one, that Christ is to 
 do wonderful things for the Gentile nations ; and 
 the other, that their future blessings are singularly- 
 interwoven with the future restoration of Israel. 
 
 Perhaps the 102nd Psalm claims our next atten- 
 tion, which that Jewish theologian, "Weiss, in his 
 excellent chronological explanation of the Psalms, 
 makes the 150th, i.e., the last in order of time; 
 considering that both it and the 137th, beginning, 
 " By the waters of Babylon we sat down and wept 
 when we remembered thee, O Zion," &c, were 
 written by Jeremiah during the captivity in Baby- 
 lon : and he notes how great the similarity of the 
 first eleven verses of the 102nd Psalm to the 
 Lamentations of Jeremiah. It was a singular 
 coincidence that this Psalm was the first to be 
 recited according to the Calendar on the 20th, the 
 day of the month of our Special Intercession. Prom 
 its 13th verse to its 20th verse we have a singularly 
 parallel passage to Isaiah xlix. It begins, " Thou 
 wilt arise and have mercy on Zion, for the time to 
 favour her, yea the set time is come, for thy servants 
 take pleasure in her stones, and (B) show tender 
 regard to her very dust." And that time of good to 
 Israel is also the time of good to the heathen ; for 
 the next verse is (B), " Then shall the nations fear 
 thy name, Jehovah, and all the kings of the earth 
 thy glory." David asserts what Isaiah does not — 
 the universality of the good influence on the sove- 
 reigns of that time. And then more specifically 
 regarding both the date of the favour to the heathen, 
 viz., after they have brought Israel back to Canaan, 
 and after Israel has rebuilt its metropolis on its 
 ancient site. " When Jehovah hath rebuilded Zion 
 he will appear in his own glory. When he hath
 
 13 
 
 regarded the prayers of the destitute, and shall no 
 more despise their petition, this shall be written for 
 the generation to come ; and the people which shall 
 be created (born) shall praise Jehovah." And David 
 continues with language yet more closely identical 
 with the strain of Isaiah. Yerse 18 is from our 
 Bible translation, only putting "Jehovah" in its 
 place. After that, Boothroyd is more significant. 
 " Because he hath looked from his high sanctuary. 
 Prom the heavens hath Jehovah beheld the earth " 
 (the past tense poetically put for the future), "to 
 attend to the groaning of (the) prisoners, to release 
 those who were doomed to death ; that Jehovah's 
 name may be declared in Zion, and his praise again 
 sounded in Jerusalem, where the peoples shall be 
 assembled together and the kingdoms to serve 
 Jehovah." The interpretation of Isaiah's prophecy 
 and the interpretation of David's are one ; and 
 -Isaiah must have felt himself on David's ground. 
 Both prophets in concert sing of great favour to the 
 Gentile nations and their kings ; and both connect 
 it with the recovery and restoration of Israel. We 
 saw in Isaiah that much must have been done among 
 many in the Gentiles to make them obedient to take 
 such part in bringing back the Jews and all Israel : 
 but from David we learn that the fulness of the 
 blessing to the heathen will not be vouchsafed till 
 after the rebuilding of the chief city Zion, and in it, 
 no doubt, of the temple also. 
 
 "We might rest on these two plain and weighty 
 declarations that Christian missions to the Gentiles 
 are to issue in glorious success : but so general has 
 been the hesitation, the discouragement, the lower- 
 ing of expectation to very narrow limits, that it 
 seems desirable to show somewhat of the general 
 concurrence of both Testaments on that point.
 
 14 
 
 First, then, regarding the teaching of Christ in 
 His parables, the 13th of Matthew has seven, and 
 all regarding His kingdom— the kingdom of heaven 
 upon earth : and some of these are repeated in the 
 13th of St. Lnke. Eirst comes the parable of the 
 sower who cast his seed on four kinds of ground — a 
 parable of spiritual things ; of which we have only 
 to notice that one kind of ground is to bear a hun- 
 dred-fold, and the next sort sixty. The next parable 
 shows that there is another sower also who sows 
 seed of an opposite kind ; and that both sowers wilL 
 continue working in antagonism, probably in every 
 field, until the end. But the third grapples at once 
 with the subject of success. The beginning of the 
 kingdom is to be very small indeed, but from that 
 one particularly minute seed is to grow a plant so 
 large that it brings to mind the tree in the vision of 
 Nebuchadnezzar, for it is to be the greatest of similar 
 things. It becometh a tree, with the fowls taber- 
 nacling in its branches. The fourth parable 
 expressly asserts that Christ's kingdom on earth is 
 to be " like leaven set by a woman in meal, which 
 works on it " till the " whole is leavened." I pause 
 to say that this feature of the parable proves that in 
 this one case, as some also of the ancient fathers 
 affirm, leaven bears a good sense ; for if you make 
 it bear a bad sense here, you make, the whole of 
 Christ's Church bad. As the whole is to be leavened, 
 you make the gates of hell prevail over Christ's 
 Church, which Jesus declared they never should clo. 
 On Hie contrary, all the rest of the seven parables 
 speak of good growth of the Church. Nor can any- 
 one represent leaven as always bad under the law ; 
 for (Lev. xxiii. 17) the two wave-loaves of first-fruits 
 were commanded to be made " with leaven!' It was 
 only in the Passover that the children of Israel put
 
 15 
 
 away leaven, i.e., for eight clays, in exception to all 
 the rest of the year. So that it is natural to suppose 
 the shew bread (Exodus xxvii. 10) made like the 
 ordinary loaves of Israel, i.e., leavened, except in the 
 eight clays of the Passover. So little ground is there 
 for making the woman in this parable the Homan 
 Church, and its spirit of Antichrist the leaven. But 
 now of the rest of these parables of Jesus. The 
 treasure hid in the field is chiefly spiritual, and so 
 is the one pearl of great price ; but the net getting 
 good and bad (i.e., uneatable) fishes has the same 
 scope as the second parable, that of the tares and 
 the wheat. 
 
 The 13th of Luke repeats the mustard seed and 
 the leaven; the two parables that most strongly 
 bear on our subject, and that teach of great success. 
 
 But there is another parable in Mark like to the 
 two first of these in that it is of a man sowing ; but 
 it extends itself step by step, so that Isaac Taylor, 
 in his " Ancient Christianity " (Yol. I.), sees in it a 
 history of the Church of Christ, as to its nature and 
 mode and circumstances of growth, in a more detailed 
 manner. It begins (St. Mark, iv. 26), " So is the 
 kingdom of God, as if a man cast the seed into the 
 ground, and should sleep and rise night and day " 
 (i.e., many days), " and the seed should spring and 
 grow long (lengthen) he knoweth not how." The 
 explanation of this last clause follows. " Eor the 
 earth bringeth forth fruit of herself" (lit., of her 
 own accord, spontaneously) ; and it seems here to 
 carrv the meaning that the Church of Christ, 
 though watched over continually and aided and 
 preserved by its Heavenly Head and King, is yet in 
 His and the Father's wisdom subjected to earthly 
 influences and dependent on human instrumental!-
 
 16 
 
 ties, for good or evil, that spring up in itself. Then 
 we have the history of it in the whole of its periods. 
 " Eirst Made, then ear, after that, full corn in the 
 ear." Here is gradual, and possibly varying, hut, 
 on the whole, continuous growth of the principles of 
 the Christian life in human society, and that to the 
 end; for it continues, — " But when the fruit stoops, 
 gives itself, droops with weight, wapaBo), imme- 
 diately he sendeth in the sickle because the harvest 
 is come." How much in four verses ! Here is no 
 dying Church, and no failing at the end. On the 
 contrary, advancement, varying with weather and 
 other circumstances, but yielding its fruit in its 
 season. There is not, indeed, room on the canvas 
 to depict the lot of particular Churches. It gives 
 the general history. Heavenly influences working 
 onward, till the fruit of the field is completed ; and 
 then, without delay, the dispensation ends. There 
 is no other new parable in that chapter. 
 
 But it is perhaps now time to notice the one 
 parable which, as it has been now very widely for 
 about forty years interpreted, has done more to 
 prevent large hopefulness in the adherents of the 
 missionary cause than any Scripture except one. It 
 is in Luke xviii. — the oppressed woman crying to an 
 unjust judge against her adversary in court, avTiSirco?, 
 and the judge, not by fear of God, or through any 
 great regard of men, is driven by her repeated 
 urgings to grant her a decision in her favour. And 
 the powerful inference is drawn, that since God's 
 elect go on crying aloud to Him without ceasing 
 for the overthrow of the powers of earth that oppose 
 the growth of His kingdom and that oppress His 
 people, God will surely some day do for them what 
 they ask, though it may be a long time before He
 
 17 
 
 interferes. The only thing that the parable thus 
 far predicts is that the true kingdom of living 
 believers will not come to earthly power early ; but 
 it is implied that judgment will be given to the 
 saints, and that they shall get superiority at last, 
 referring perhaps to the one thousand years, seven 
 times denned, in Rev. xx. and to Daniel. But it is 
 the closing and additional thought that remains to 
 be considered which runs thus word byword. " But the 
 Son of Man, having come (i.e., when He has come), 
 surely shall find the faith on the earth." These 
 words have always been taken interrogatively, but 
 upon no authority : I mean with no grammatical 
 reason. (See Hoogeveen on apa) They lead us 
 to the notion that, though so oppressed, " the faith," 
 7] irians, surely shall not have died out, so as not to 
 be found by the Son of Man. In this way it is but 
 another utterance of the truth, Hell's gates not pre- 
 vailing against Christ's Church, so as to cause it to 
 cease to be. And certainly the crying out aloud 
 seems very little like extinction. It indicates, indeed, 
 oppression, repression, suffering, but certainly some 
 strength, some endurance, some hope. 
 
 Not that the same meaning cannot come from the 
 clause when put interrogatively. Por it cannot 
 mean that Christ will not find " the faith," the 
 Christian faith, at all on earth then. It can only 
 mean that it will not be yet delivered from its foes, 
 nor raised to supreme power, nor made a majority 
 on earth ; but hated, misunderstood, thwarted, 
 fought against still. But this does not necessitate 
 the belief that the true spiritual Church will not by 
 that time have attained to much growth, much 
 extension, yea, multiplication. 
 
 Let us also draw a little from the parable of the
 
 18 
 
 ten virgins. Why ten ? Why not seven ? Where 
 else is the number ten, but in the ten kingdoms of 
 Christendom I Is the allusion to them ? If so, 
 five are not dead; which is half of the whole. 
 Sleeping, they hear the cry that Christ is coining, 
 and it stirs them to new efforts. " They arose and 
 trimmed their lamps." The length of the time 
 that intervenes between the first cry that Christ 
 was coining, and His actual appearing to the virgins 
 who shall exactly determine ? Prom the beginning 
 of the parable to Christ's actual appearing is 2,000 
 years. May not the interval between the first cry 
 and the jiresence of the Master represent a certain 
 time? Not enough, indeed, for the purposes of 
 lifeless Churches, but enough for those which had 
 but slumbered and slept ? But we must leave the 
 parables. 
 
 Some more of the express declarations must come 
 under consideration. We may first take the other 
 of the two passages, on which a discouraging stress 
 has been laid ; but we need not be long upon it. It 
 is from the closing speech of St. James, as president 
 of the Church Council held at Jerusalem. Acts xv. : 
 " Simon set forth how God did first visit (us) or 
 looked upon (us), to take out of the Gentiles a people 
 for His Name." See, say some, it is said it is a 
 dispensation of election, not of general salvation. 
 With this every one would agree, if by general be 
 understood universal : but when this has been 
 carried to a further inference that God has shut up 
 them that are to turn and be saved to a small 
 number comparatively, we reply that the contrary 
 is just as possible for anything that is said here. 
 An elect people may be many as well as few. And 
 certainly the passage from Amos ix., as quoted by
 
 19 
 
 St. James, leads to no such discouraging view. 
 " After these things I will return and will rebuild 
 the tent of David, which had fallen, and will rebuild 
 the things that have been digged up to the 
 foundation, and will set it up straight, that the 
 rest of men may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles, 
 "upon whom My Name has been called upon them, 
 saith the Lord, He that doeth all these things." 
 We should hardly search for a stronger expression 
 of blessed hope for the Gentile nations, to confirm 
 the Scriptures on which we have already dwelt. 
 It is as well, however, to state that Boothroyd 
 quotes and follows Kennicott in believing that St. 
 James gives the genuine text of Amos, and that 
 " possess the remnant of Edom," as in our Old 
 Testament, is not the true text. 
 
 Let us now bring into view some of the strong 
 texts in favour of God's coming mercies to the Gentile 
 nations. Isaiah xlix. says, "All flesh;" and men have 
 always dwelt upon the opening of Psalm lxv., " O, 
 thou that hear est prayer, to thee shall all flesh 
 come!' And what does God say by Isaiah just at 
 the end of the last chapter ? — " And it shall come to 
 pass that from one new moon to another, and from 
 one Sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to 
 worship before me, saith the Lord." But Joel ii. is 
 at once the strongest and most in detail of these 
 passages that have this expression, " all flesh." 
 After promises to Israel, ending verse 27, verse 28 
 is, "And it shall come to pass afterward, I will pour 
 out my Spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and 
 your daughters shall j>rophesy ; your old men shall 
 see visions, and your young men shall dream dreams ; 
 and also upon the servants and the handmaids in 
 those days will I pour out of My Spirit," &c, &c. V. 82.
 
 20 
 
 " And it shall come to pass, that ichosoever shall call 
 on the name of the Lord shall be saved, for in Mount 
 Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, and in 
 the survivors " (those that remain alive, i.e., after 
 the judgments and slaughters, such is Montanus' 
 exact rendering), " whom the Lord shall call." No 
 doubt these are "the remnant," "the election of 
 grace ;" but these words have a very wide meaning. 
 They range over the whole compass of the Gospel 
 period — the product of the whole of which is cer- 
 tainly to bring in "a multitude which no man can 
 number " at last ; and more still, for that expression 
 in the Revelation (c. vii., v. 9) applies to a time 
 long before the final end, i.e., if we are right in 
 accepting, in its general features, Elliott's historical 
 interpretation of the Revelation — that chapter vii. 
 with this expression is synchronous with Alaric, 
 Genseric, and Attila, i.e., the time of Cyprian's 
 martyrdom in the fourth century. Then what will 
 be the amount of saved Gentiles by the end of this 
 dispensation ? 
 
 But in connexion with the pouring out of God's 
 Spirit must we not mention one more of the many 
 passages that might be cited — viz., Isaiah xxxii. ? 
 The palace forsaken, the populous city left ; Ophel 
 and the watch-tower, dens for wild asses and flocks, 
 " till" (verse 15) " the Spirit from on high be poured 
 upon us, and the wilderness become a fruitful field, 
 and the " (present) " fruitful field be esteemed a 
 forest," and so to the end of the chapter. It is for 
 Israel; but will it lead to nothing for the Gentiles? 
 
 And may not the same be said of that sweepingly 
 comprehensive promise in Jeremiah xxxi., describing 
 the happy effects of the new covenant so often in- 
 sisted upon and dwelt on by St. Paul, particularly
 
 21 
 
 verses 33 and 34 ? It extends, however, really from 
 verse 31 to the end of the chapter. " God's law in 
 their inward parts, and written in their hearts ; " 
 and the ultimate consequence, no " Arabs " in their 
 cities, no Pagans in their fields — at least as regards 
 " the knoioledge of God." " They all shall know 
 Me, both the lowest and the greatest, saith Jehovah, 
 for I will pardon their iniquity, and their sin I will 
 remember no more." Is the Gentile world to have 
 no benefit accrue from this " life from the dead " 
 in Israel ? St. Paul does not think so. In Heb. 
 viii. 8 — 12, he quotes all this of the establishment 
 of the second or Christian covenant, whose blessings 
 are common to all, Gentile and Jew. 
 
 And what can pass the 11th chapter of the Epistle 
 to the Romans? Inverse 12, " The fall of the Jews 
 the riches of the Gentiles;" and the "fulness of all 
 Israel much more so ;" and that strong saying, " If 
 the first fruit " (Is it Israel?) "be holy, the lump " 
 (Is this the world, at least its converted portion?) 
 " is also holy; " and if the root be holy so are the 
 "branches!' Let brethren most conversant with 
 Israel's interests tell us if the branches are not 
 Gentile converts. Grant that " the fulness of the 
 Gentiles " is those that are to be gathered from the 
 Gentiles before, yet are there no fresh blessings to 
 spring after Israel's recovery and renewed glory 
 before the 1,000 years ? 
 
 "What, too, is the great stone in Daniel ii. which 
 is to become " a great mountain and fill the whole 
 earth"? What is Messiah's "kingdom" given to 
 Him by " the Ancient of Days," on His ascension, 
 that " all peoples, nations, and languages shttuld serve 
 Him " ? And what is the Messiah's appointed in- 
 heritance spoken of in Psalm ii. 8, 9, "Ask of Me,
 
 22 
 
 and I will give Thee the heathen for Thine inherit- 
 ance, and the ends of the earth " (Boothroyd) " for 
 Thy possession? " a verse which brings np again 
 some of our thoughts on the 49th of Isaiah and the 
 102nd Psalm. 
 
 Turn to yet one more Scripture, Habakkuk ii. 
 13, 14, " Art not these things from Jehovah, that 
 peoples shall labour for the very fire; and that 
 nations weary themselves for a vain thing? Surely 
 shall the earth be filled with the knowledge of the 
 glory of Jehovah as the waters cover the depths of 
 the sea." 
 
 If any add to this St. Paul's frequent and re- 
 iterated citations of the Old Testament, as when in 
 Homans iv. 25, 26, he cites Hosea's mystic Scripture, 
 ii. 23, as bearing upon it, "I will have mercy on 
 Lo-ruhamah " (them that had not obtained mercy), 
 4 ' and I will say to Lo-ammi " (those that were not 
 my people) " Thou art my people, and they shall 
 say Thou art our God." 
 
 The LXX. version is, " And I will have pity upon 
 her that has not been pitied ; and I will say to that 
 which was not My people, Thou art My people ; 
 and it shall say, Thou art my Lord God." But St. 
 Paul's rendering is, "I will call that which was not 
 My people, My people; and that which has not 
 been beloved, beloved ; and it shall be, in the place 
 where it was said to them, Ye are not My people, 
 there shall they be called sons of the living God." 
 
 "What a mass of Scripture ! and it might be much 
 increased — all leading us to hope for a vast enlarge- 
 ment of mercy, to all the Gentile nations, and many 
 most definitely predicting it. How well it seems 
 all to harmonize with that prophecy of Jesus, Matt, 
 xxiv. 14, " This Gospel of the kingdom shall be
 
 23 
 
 heralded in the whole world for a testimony to all 
 the Gentiles, lit. to all the nations!' 
 
 What a loud call sounds in all these Scriptures to 
 Englishmen who boast that the sun never sets on 
 the empire of our beloved Queen ; and that, at the 
 rising of the Sabbath sun, he marks, as he rolls 
 onward in apparent course, country after country, 
 in an unbroken chain, unceasingly repeating the 
 one Liturgy of our National Church till his whole 
 circuit is done ! What nation should feel for other 
 Gentile nations like England, for whom God has 
 done and is doing so much ! 
 
 But what are we doing with the power among 
 the nations which God has entrusted to us, and with 
 the wealth which He has poured into the national 
 and private treasuries of the English people at home 
 and in the colonies ? The latest estimate is that of 
 our Queens premier-minister, who has just said at 
 Liverpool, that more money has been made in 
 England and Scotland in this century than from the 
 times of Julius Csesar to the year 1800 ; and more 
 in the last 20 years than in the half century from 
 1800 to 1850 ! How much of our great riches have 
 we, as yet, given ? 
 
 I have already stated that a tax laid on incomes, 
 which excepts vast classes from paying to it, and 
 suffers those just above them to pay at reduced rates, 
 I say that this tax, levied at the rate of 1 in 210, or 
 a penny in the pound, is now producing, in spite of 
 fraudulent evasions, two millions and a-quarter ster- 
 ling. And I now read that the revenue from the 
 excise duty on beer and spirits is now producing 
 above £21,000,000, and is rapidly rising to twenty- 
 five millions a-year ! 
 
 What proportion, then, of f he vast income of such a
 
 24 
 
 nation is bestowed by Christian zeal on sending Chris- 
 tian teachers and on establishing Christian churches 
 and Christian schools, and on printing and spreading 
 vernacular Bibles in every Gentile nation that has 
 not yet obtained such spiritual provision ? In what 
 ratio to our income does our great nation contri- 
 bute ? Two hundred and forty-times two million and 
 a quarter, or £559,686,120 is the income of Great 
 Britain alone that paid income-tax in 1871-2. The 
 whole national income must be vastly greater if the 
 large excepted classes and all our colonies are taken 
 in. But what is the sum of our gifts by all various 
 religious societies to foreign Missions ? The " Colo- 
 nial Church Chronicle," Dec. 1872, gives 884,097/. 
 7s. 5cZ., i.e., about 9-10ths of a million : and 2-10ths 
 of a million nearly, is raised in missionary lands 
 themselves ; being in all about one-half of the sum 
 paid as a penny on a pound of the income of Great 
 Britain alone, which was £2,332,025 (April 5,1872). 
 
 We rejoice before God in this amount, £1,100,000. 
 It is a token that many hearts are moved by 
 genuine pity to those that had been unpitied, and 
 by genuine love to the Master whose love many are 
 tasting that had not been beloved. 
 
 But what are the numbers of the nations left 
 destitute of Christian light, and love, and holiness ? 
 How is the world's population divided? In what 
 proportions are the men of different religions 
 claimants for such spiritual aid ? In an account of 
 the world's population, published by the Useful 
 Knowledge Society, I find Brahminists set down as 
 70 millions, Boudhists at 365 millions, and idolaters 
 at 160 millions, which gives in all 5 millions under 
 600,000,000 for these three descriptions of mankind ; 
 then Mahomedans reckon for 100 millions more,
 
 25 
 
 and Christians for 270 millions. If we set Jews at 
 35 millions, we shall have the whole population 
 1,000 millions as the basis of calculation. Some 
 compute it at one- fifth more ; but the true propor- 
 tion of the men of different beliefs is our aim. 
 
 By this calculation, then, we get, in rough num- 
 bers, the following results : 595, i.e., about 600 
 millions (i.e., six-tenths) are Boudhists, Brahminists, 
 or idolaters, who receive not a single book even 
 of the Bible-histories; who do not acknowledge Jesus 
 or even Abraham. The remaining four-tenths, i.e., 
 405 (i.e., about 400 millions), acknowledge either 
 both Testaments or the Old only, or the Koran — the 
 Arabian imitation of the Bible. Thus, more than 
 half, 3 out of 5 (or 6 out of 10) know nothing, or at 
 least receive nothing, of God as He has made Him- 
 self known to men; and of the rest, one-tenth 
 accept only Mahomed's profane travesty of God's 
 book. So that seven out of every ten upon this 
 earth either do not accept or have not heard of God 
 or God's will in the words which He has caused to be 
 written by men inspired of the Spirit for them all. 
 
 Here stands the case. It is now above eighteen 
 centuries since Jerusalem was destroyed and Chris- 
 tianity had the world given to it, to show to it that 
 Christians had in hand the only present will of God 
 to His creature man ; and now at the end of 1,800 
 years of work, Christians have nominally gained 
 over only three in every ten. Seven out of every 
 ten accept no part of the Bible. Seven in every ten 
 are quite out of that way of being saved, which 
 God by Christ has made known. 
 
 How astonishing this issue ! Is it to be believed ? 
 What a specious argument for infidels to use, i.e., 
 those who do not accept the Christian faith and the
 
 26 
 
 Book of God ! Is it wonderful if pride in their own 
 reason drives them to be simple Deists, just retain- 
 ing the belief in a God in nature? Atheists I do 
 not see how they can be. Pantheism, viz., that God 
 is the one and only vitality in all animated nature, 
 seems too groundless a dream for poets, and far too 
 fanciful for any philosopher. 
 
 But that seven in ten of mankind are not brought 
 to accept either the New Testament or the Old 
 after eighteen centuries, given for Christ's disciples 
 to go into all the world and preach the Gospel to 
 every creature, is a fact. Seven-tenths is the 
 amount of the Devil's success at the end of not far 
 from 2,000 years! He has only lost three-tenths! 
 That is the amount of Christian victory in that time. 
 Two millennaries of years ! how long ! And three- 
 tenths ! how small a proportion after such a length 
 of time ! 
 
 The cause is matter of history. I have read, and 
 I believe it to be mainly the corruption of practice 
 and doctrine during and near the end of the great 
 fourth century — great, because of its galaxy of great 
 divines, but chargeable with all that ensued for ten 
 centuries, because of the corruptions that they 
 admitted before a.d. 450, in the truths they were 
 created to guard and keep. 
 
 But we are looking at the result as we find it in 
 our own days. We in Britain, and our brethren, in 
 language and race, in America, and in our and their 
 colonics, as well as the Christians and the Jews too 
 in other nations, find not one of our sacred books 
 accepted by seven-tenths of the human race ! What 
 a ground for a new outburst of missionary zeal ! 
 
 But now, what is being clone to change the state 
 of the world ? I am lone: since a member of both
 
 27 
 
 tlie great Church. Societies; but as may be im- 
 agined from the opening of this appeal, and for 
 other reasons, I prefer to take the Church Missionary 
 Society as my instance in the following calculation. 
 It has 153 stations in Africa, India, Japan, Xew 
 Zealancl, the Mediterranean, and the American 
 Indians. In these are settled 335 clergy, 131 of 
 whom are natives of the country in which they 
 work; and there are 2,032 lay- workers, 325 of 
 whom are females. The number of converts (living) 
 is 100,282, of whom 20,475 are communicants. 
 The number of baptisms of adults and infants in the 
 year was 5,500. The number of stated hearers is 
 hard to reckon ; that of occasional listeners it is im- 
 possible to give even by an approximating estimate. 
 
 The one item I take from this is that of the 
 converts ; not much above 100,000. 
 
 The question arises, by what figure this work 
 must be multiplied to represent the Christian mis- 
 sionary work in ail the world. There is to be 
 reckoned the portion of work done among the 
 heathen by the Society for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel. Then there is the entire work of the London 
 Missionary Society, the Baptist Missionary Society, 
 the Wesleyan Missionary Society , and 25 others. Then 
 ihe entire work of the Scotch Missionary Societies, 
 the American, the Danish, Swedish, German, and 
 others. And the work of the Italian de Propaganda 
 Pide may be added. But there is peculiar pleasure 
 in referring to such precious new Institutions as the 
 Christian Vernacular Society for improving native 
 vernacular schools, and Societies for teaching the 
 native ladies of India, and I may acid innumerable 
 other little movements in Egypt, &c, &c, and then 
 the Bible Societies' and the Tract Societies' foreign
 
 operations; though the last two descriptions are 
 not commonly directly Missionary Societies as they 
 send books chiefly rather than men. 
 
 But the multiplier — what is it to be ? We may add 
 the heathen work of the Society for the Propaga- 
 tion of the Gospel to the whole of that of the Wes- 
 leyan Missionary Society to make a second unit ; 
 and the London Missionary Society and the Baptist 
 Missionary Society and the United Presbyterian 
 Missionary Society to give a third unit ; and the 
 Scotch, and all other British movements, including 
 other Methodist movements, for a fourth.* "We have 
 elsewhere a basis on which we may lay a calcula- 
 tion for the missionary work arising from other 
 Protestant countries ; for at the time of the Church 
 Missionary Society's 'Jubilee, it was found that 
 England supplied seven-tenths of the money spent 
 in missionary work throughout the world. This 
 included, I think, all the work of the Moravian 
 Church, but omitted that of the Roman Propaganda. 
 We will do the same. Instead of three-tenths to 
 be added to seven-tenths, we may reckon two- 
 sixths to be added to four-sixths ; or two addi- 
 tional units for Missions from other Protestant 
 countries, to be added to the four units for 
 British Missions to the Heathen. We have then 
 six units, i.e., six times the work of the Church 
 
 * It is curious how neai'ly this ratio of 4 to 1 approaches to the 
 fact. In the " Colonial Church Chronicle" the whole expenditure 
 of a directly Missionary character, and British origination, adds up 
 to 627,5531. 135. Gd. (putting the purely missionary, i.e., heathen 
 work of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel at one- 
 half of the whole). Four times the Church Missionary Society 
 expenditure in the same columns is 628,531£. 3s. 4d. The year 
 taken is the one completed, which is called a.d. 1871, meaning that 
 which ends March, 1872. The exact table is given in theP.S.
 
 29 
 
 Missionary Society, to represent the entire Pro- 
 testant missionary work done in the heathen world. 
 Then as the Church Missionary Society has 100,000 
 living converts, we shall set down 600,000 as the 
 whole sum of converts to the Christian faith now 
 living in the world, i.e., besides those that have 
 " died in faith." 
 
 And now we can make a comparison between po- 
 pulation and success. First Boudhists, Brahminists, 
 and idolaters, making together 365 + 70 + 160, 
 or, in all 595 ; or, roughly, 600 millions, may be 
 compared with the sum total of Christian converts 
 from these three forms of heathen religion. And 
 we get 600,000 living converts out of 600,000,000, 
 or one in a thousand. Making every allowance for 
 a considerably wider influence extending beyond the 
 narrow pale of our actual harvest, this is the 
 amount of the harvest itself in about seventy 
 years since this kind of missionary work began. 
 We have received into God's religion one ; and 999 
 yet cling to their own false and wicked and wretched 
 and degrading religions. That is, 999 of every 1,000 
 (Boudhists and Brahminists, chiefly in China and 
 in India, and other idolaters everywhere) call 
 on us to vastly increase our missionary agencies ! 
 599,400,000 cry aloud in vision, " Come over and 
 help us ! " And what is our answer to this cry in 
 money, the best test of earnestness ? 
 
 It has been shown that Britain and its colonies 
 give about nine-tenths of one million, out of 559 
 millions, which was the income of that part of our 
 population that paid income-tax in Britain in 1872. 
 Britain, then, with the aid of the colonies, contri- 
 butes to Foreign Missions a little less than 1-5 5 9th 
 part of the income of a portion of Britain's
 
 30 
 
 peculation alone ; and with this sum succeeds 
 in bringing to the Christian faith one out of a 
 thousand of the heathen. And this leaves out the 
 claims of 100,000,000 Mahomedans, besides Jews, to 
 say nothing now of the claims that corrupt Chris- 
 tain Churches have on Churches of a purer Christian 
 faith. Of course our efforts for our home heathen 
 stand quite outside of all this calculation. 
 
 But giving as a great nation considerably less 
 than 1-5 00th part of our annual income, we are 
 instrumental in converting, with the aid of other 
 Protestant countries, one in one thousand of pure 
 heathens ; and though a certain small portion of the 
 other 999 have heard the Gospel preached at our 
 missionary stations, or have talked with a Christian, 
 or have read the Bible, or a Christian book or tract, 
 how large the proportion in each heathen thousand 
 that has never thus far touched light and life ! and, 
 after all, only one in each 1,000 has consented to 
 leave the world for Christ. And they that have 
 not, if they continue in sin, will perish in it eter- 
 nally. Do I say this, or St. Paul ? See Pv,omans ii., 
 " We are sure that the judgment of God is accord- 
 ing to truth against them that commit such things;" 
 i.e., such as Etonians i. describes. 
 
 Granted that if a heathen becomes sober, pure, 
 truthful, honest, kind, and godly, he is to be spoken 
 of after a different manner, where are the mission- 
 aries who find more than one now and then of such 
 cases ? and these I am told are mostly traceable to 
 something they have heard about Christianity. The 
 rest are sunk in those sins, and, as it is so, perish by 
 their own laws of conscience, according to the decla- 
 ration of Scripture. As to heathens convinced in 
 conscience for vcars, and refusing to confess Christ,
 
 31 
 
 the case of Samuel Das, in Mr. Leupolt's book, 
 should be read and meditated upon. 
 
 "We, then, as a nation, supply less (I cannot cal- 
 culate how much less) than one pound in five 
 hundred of annual income to save the heathen, 
 three-fifths (six-tenths) of the world, and the 
 100,000,000 Mohammedans. But, perhaps, were all 
 non-payments to the Income-tax allowed for and 
 represented in the calculation, we should find that 
 only one-half of this proportion is given by this em- 
 pire of England to recover the heathen in the world. 
 
 Only give them churches, and schools, and Bibles, 
 and call out native missionaries and teachers, and, 
 for a time, a few Europeans to superintend, as 
 English officers in a native Indian army, and we 
 should have attended to Christ's command. Christ 
 asks for this. But how far are we from having given 
 out of our great wealth enough, with the aid of 
 Christians of other nations, to do this ? 
 
 Our success is in proportion great. Henry Venn — 
 now but an honoured name here — published at the 
 end of a sermon preached at the consecration of a 
 bishop, a comparison of results of our missions, with 
 the computed result of missions in the Church's early 
 ages; and the comparison was to the advantage of ours. 
 
 Again, the parish of Islington, where the Church 
 Missionary Society's Training Institute is, and the 
 parish of St. Bride's, Meet-street, in which our 
 Church Missionary Society's house stands, were com- 
 pared with missionary districts in Sierra Leone and 
 New Zealand ; and, in respect of all Church work 
 and Church results, the foreign districts were in no 
 respect behind the English parishes. Again, in 
 Sierra Leone, there are about twelve, and in Tinne- 
 velly many Churches that almost support themselves
 
 32 
 
 under native teachers, and ask but little from the 
 Church Missionary Society, but, on the contrary, 
 make missionary collections in its behalf, as well as 
 to maintain missionaries of their own. We have 
 one black Bishop who is at home with his Greek 
 Testament, and administers his diocese of the Niger 
 with zeal and judgment, like any bishop in England. 
 I have a precious photographic picture of him and 
 his son, his chaplain, in the midst of their Evan- 
 gelical work. Perhaps some or many of the African 
 fathers were of the same colour. 
 
 As to books, let any read " Carey, Marshman, and 
 Ward," by Mr. Marshman, of London; or Leupolt, 
 or Bagland, or Weitbrecht, or the Religious Tract 
 Society's "Missionary Records," vol. West Africa. 
 The judge of one district of liberated Africans found 
 that in one of the towns not one offence was reported 
 for the past year, and he let all on the list for jury- 
 men from that town return to their homes. Many 
 modern missionary volumes are the richest records 
 to be found. Let any one peruse the account of 
 Mr. Duncan's work in the Metlakatlah. If he be a 
 man of tender emotions, he will have often to wipe 
 his eyes as he reads, and will bless God, and will 
 wish many parts of his own country similarly Evan- 
 gelized. 
 
 Who has not read of Schwartz, Buchanan, Heber, 
 Corrie, D. Wilson? But the time would fail me. 
 Our missionary success is great in proportion to our 
 means. It is our means that are so small. Did 
 ever a man in farming scratch with a rake a corner 
 of a field, and drop in a little seed there, and expect 
 a crop to spring beauteous and full over the whole 
 field ? That is literally what we have done. The 
 question is, Are we now going to raise the work to
 
 33 
 
 proper dimensions, in its length and breadth ? Are 
 we resolved to do all we can to move the English 
 nation, by God's help, to gird itself to the fulfilment 
 of the Saviour's orders? 
 
 But an impression has been made that the societies 
 just now want men rather than more money. Let 
 two facts taken from the Church Missionary Society 
 Paper issued for the Day of Intercession, and en- 
 titled, " Is there not a Cause ? " clear up this mis- 
 take. In the Sierra Leone Mission stands a Mis- 
 sionary College at Eourah Bay. It is made for forty 
 students. It has only nine. The managers do not 
 think it right to fill the Institution, which they 
 might do, because the Church Missionary Society 
 cannot give them money to send forth more than 
 about these nine. And again, our Missionary Insti- 
 tution at Islington could receive forty-three stu- 
 dents. It has only seventeen. Why ? Because the 
 Society has found that it has been unable to send 
 forth the men, lately trained, to new missionary 
 posts, without taking away a part of the payments 
 from the older missions, and so actually crippling 
 them exceedingly. 
 
 In the meantime, the appeal of the good diocesan 
 of Sierra Leone for more labourers, more helpers, 
 though most touching, is but one among many in 
 asking for power and leave to extend their missions. 
 
 Money not wanted ! Let any one read these 
 pathetic appeals and number these glorious open- 
 ings. It is a high privilege to live in an age when 
 such calls can be made. Will Christians arise? 
 Will they meet them? Will they live in less 
 splendour that they may give more ? This is the 
 question. It must be shocking in God's sight for 
 Christians, by sermons, in speeches, with conversa-
 
 34 
 
 tion, and in other ways, to show great zeal, and not 
 to do what lies in their power to push on Missionary 
 triumphs. There must be prayer with money ; but 
 O, to hear much said about praying, when the actual 
 sacrifice is withholden — when the purse and the 
 check-book bear scanty witness to reality ! O, 
 what must Christ think of every such Christian ? 
 
 What if the Societies should ask their local Com- 
 mittees at once, without delay, affectionately to 
 urge that the duty of commensurate giving be much 
 more earnestly advocated in sermons, meetings, and 
 circulars, and then to have every several district 
 canvassed throughout, from the richest to the 
 operative, yea, to the widow — giving to every one 
 the opportunity — issuing, I say, new and stirring 
 circulars beforehand ? "Is there not a cause ? " 
 Would it be at all more than the case urgently re- 
 quired ? Would not the Master smile on it ? 
 
 The world must think us too cold on the subject 
 to be sincere. It, doubtless, talks of us as not in 
 earnest. It says, " They cannot be, or they would 
 do more to advance the cause they represent. They 
 would themselves spend more on it and less upon 
 themselves." Thus, no doubt, the world speaks and 
 thinks. But, for the Master's sake, and for the 
 Master's approval, and from love of the Master, are 
 many — are all — about to begin anew % The Day of 
 Intercession was a hopeful sign. How much is to 
 follow ? Some have begun to move. 
 
 The forms that are taken by a renewed and 
 awakened zeal are many and various. Some startle 
 and surprise the beholder. They are so unusual. 
 But wisdom is justified of all. It is reasonable that 
 they should greatly differ. The fish swims, the 
 reptile glides, the children of the land mostly run,
 
 35 
 
 those of the air fly ; but where real zeal is up, all 
 quicken their paces to reach their points of attrac- 
 tion ; and nothing is impossible to earnest zeal. 
 
 Nothing do I find more humbling than to observe 
 in my own past history and in that of others thai- 
 whatever has been followed up with deep and in- 
 ventive determination has been won ; for it shows 
 us how few good things we have determinately set 
 our hearts upon. 
 
 Will the Church of Christ now say regarding a 
 general preaching of Christ to the heathen, " Aid 
 inveniam mam aut faciam ,, 1 By God's help a way 
 shall be found. Shall the old saying, "It is the will 
 of God," be sounded forth on every side, with better 
 meaning and higher aims than in the Crusades ? 
 Shall we have a spiritual crusade? Is the Lord 
 about to smile on new zeal, and to hear more sincere 
 prayer, and Himself to give the word, " Great shall 
 be the company of My preachers " ? 
 
 What will each one of us do for it? Will million- 
 aires open their treasures and givejv^ortionate offer- 
 ings? sell fields and estates, and lay the produce at 
 the feet of God ? Is a spirit of liberal giving about 
 to seize the whole land, such as to prove that every 
 class is in earnest in its prayers that the world may 
 be evangelized — may be brought, at least, to our 
 point of evangelization— every soul with a Christian 
 pastor and a church, and every child a school and a 
 Bible ? I repeat, that Christ asks this from us. 
 
 We shall learn much in such a movement from 
 all past experience, even though we go ever so much 
 beyond it. At any rate we can only present 
 examples from past advances, i.e., every one what 
 he has seen and known, and done or joined in doing, 
 Eresh zeal is to be for every method and in every
 
 36 
 
 movement. The inspired opening of Scripture from 
 the place of power, as it has often been — I mean the 
 pulpit — from which new Chrysostoms and Augustines 
 and Bernards must stir the people ! Awakening 
 meetings, in which laymen, too, may call aloud, 
 " whose hearts God has touched." The press must 
 lahour with winged appeals, long or short, carefully 
 reasoned, or popularly telling, but none dull. Thus 
 gifts are to flow in, and a general canvass, to gather 
 in the reticent and retiring. Infinite and illimitable 
 is the spirit of invention. To invent is but to find 
 a hidden capability. Persons will learn the art 
 of giving, and the art of patient and loving 
 collectings, as unto the Lord, and for His sake. 
 
 The past is a perpetual suggester. I remember a 
 canvass at Cheltenham, with circulars preceding, but 
 it only went to the wealthy ; yet the result was 
 100/. a year additional subscriptions. I recollect 
 that in a canvass among the few from whom guineas 
 and half-guineas were hoped, in a small country 
 town, two were found who had habitually subscribed 
 before they came to reside there, but they had not 
 given it for two or three years as they had not been 
 called upon. That parish and several around were 
 stirred, too, to quite new activity, by appointed 
 ladies, carrying round through districts and selling 
 the half-penny monthly green books ! The extra 
 half pence and pence which buyers were let give at 
 the time of purchasing, made up more than the whole 
 previous income of the Association ! An Annual 
 Missionary Tree, too, started by the daughter of an 
 innkeeper, grew until it became twice as much as 
 the previous income, and was continued many years ; 
 it perhaps lasts still. I heard then with my own 
 ears one of the two magistrates declare that at the
 
 37 
 
 last Whitsuntide meeting of magistrates not a single 
 case of misdemeanour on Whit Monday had been 
 brought before them ; and he attributed it chiefly 
 to the sale of the little green books. This was said 
 in a crowded meeting in a church six miles off, 
 These things I know, for I saw and heard them. 
 
 The fact is, the harvest of money for missions 
 from all classes is unlimited, if all were but well 
 warmed to this as well as to other Gospel duties, 
 and if workers were well stirred up to ingenuity 
 and love in gathering it in. Why, then, should it 
 remain undone in any place ? 
 
 But sermons, meetings, boxes, jars, selling of 
 magazines, canvassing, all go dead together, unless 
 the missionary cause is made paramount. Home 
 interests will not suffer, but will flourish all the 
 more. But till faith and love see this, and act on 
 it, and run the risk of obedience to Christ's 
 missionary command, how can missions thrive ? 
 How can great offerings be hoped for from the 
 great, and copious self-denying layings up from the 
 multitudinous throngs of hard workers and hard 
 livers ? The clerical and lay leaders must show an 
 unshrinking and self-denying example in work and 
 gifts, and the great middle classes must concur with 
 spirit — the spirit of Christ ; and be sure the poorer 
 will not lag behind in gifts or in the ingenuity of 
 Christian love; and their multitude of gifts will tell. 
 
 What shall be said more ? Are we to remain at 
 the level of gifts which only amount to a several 
 hundredth part of our income, and with a success of 
 one only in a thousand out of the pure and utter 
 heathen ? besides the rest of whom I have spoken. 
 
 The spirits of evil, as the frogs in the Apocalypse, 
 are doubtless preparing avast conspiracy and mission
 
 38 
 
 of evil. (1) Rome, i.e., Church corruption, (2) 
 general scepticism as to God and the sonl and 
 the Bible, and (3) opposition to the order of States, 
 will not give the Christian host the victory without 
 a struggle ! Everywhere these three evil spirits are 
 contending, and will yet more contend. What is to 
 keep the Christian Church from love of amusement 
 in religious services on Sunday, and from oscillating 
 between worldly work and self-indulgence in the 
 week? What, but real activity in all the work 
 which Jesus had given them to do ! And can the 
 right spirit in our home duties and church-work be 
 found or maintained if the true spirit for missionary 
 advance is let go ? I feel sure that no common- 
 place missionary earnestness will do. Christ's love 
 must now constrain us. The age is a remarkable 
 one. Are we not nearing that time on which the 
 work and the powers of all past ages good and bad 
 will meet ? 
 
 In the review of the past I find I have for years 
 together been faint-hearted, and thought special 
 efforts not hopeful. It was not, as I thought, " the 
 time ; or it was not the place to make an effort." 
 But the times themselves now seem to say 
 that we must cease to give way to such feelings. 
 But I add that whenever I have had courage and 
 faith to take the work in hand afresh, God has never 
 failed me, but has always prospered me above my 
 faith at the time, and sometimes very much above it. 
 
 What have we to fear? "The man of sin," 
 " the lawless one," " the mystery of iniquity," " the 
 Antichrist," seem, in producing Jesuitism, to have 
 put forth their last or almost their very last device ! 
 We are then no strangers to our great foes ; and we 
 are looking, according to Scripture, for greater help
 
 39 
 
 to be poured out from on high at the last. Let us 
 up and do valiant deeds, which shall have the world 
 for their field. The writer is but a nameless voice, 
 and his frame is no longer fitted for the toils to 
 which youth and fresh maturity are equal. 
 
 Also, our great men, our leaders, should move ; 
 and all Christian people should ask it both of them 
 and of God in faith and prayer and believing 
 expectation. All power is of Christ, and should be 
 used for Him. The highest use of much of what 
 we have is to cast it at the feet of our Saviour to 
 promote His kingdom among the Gentiles. 
 
 It seems that no Church can inherit the fulness 
 of spiritual life that does not render hearty and 
 active, and unshrinking, and joyful, and laborious 
 obedience to that last command of Jesus. 
 
 The question of our duty to Christ in making 
 Him known to all the Gentiles has a special force 
 for those in whom the instinct of Church com- 
 munion has been of late educed with singular 
 power. Missions are the very development of the 
 Church's self-propagating faculty. The heathen 
 ought speedily to be enriched with that combina- 
 tion of spiritual powers of which the words " a 
 Christian Church " are significant. It is your incum- 
 bent duty, and your peculiar honour, to give and 
 labour, preach, converse, print, and pray that the 
 heathen nations may be gathered into one Christian 
 Church, and constitute so many living members of 
 that great society — each with its own peculiar fea- 
 tures and characteristic gifts, but all bearing wit- 
 ness to the common Master and to His truth, and 
 to the only salvation which by His death and 
 passion is provided. 
 
 And to those the peculiar bias of whose affec-
 
 40 
 
 tions is towards the nation of Israel and its 
 coming glories, this question contracts a form and 
 character as urgently applicable as to any. If, on 
 the one hand, you glory in the thought that as the 
 first reapers in the Christian field were Jews, so will 
 it be with the last and most successful of the har- 
 vestmen ; yet there lies in the way first, the fulfil- 
 ment of a promise of blessing to Israel through 
 Gentile hands. Through their mercy will the be- 
 loved nation obtain its own mercies. Whatever, 
 therefore, awakens missionary zeal for all nations, 
 can hardly fail of enkindling that zeal which will 
 work also for the recovery of Israel. Jews also are 
 found in almost every land. The blessings of God 
 towards both Gentiles and Israel seem like an object 
 placed between two parallel reflectors. They mul- 
 tiply each other without end. God has linked the 
 welfare of both in one, to reach a much higher joint 
 degree of blessing at last than either ever received 
 separately before. Every good thing therefore that 
 is done for either will return with blessing mani- 
 fold into the bosom of the other, to be consummated 
 in that predicted crisis, when the receiving back of 
 Israel to God's favour shall be recovery of the elder 
 sister to Christ, and " life " from what was a great 
 dead spiritual commonwealth shall refresh the won- 
 dering eyes and joyful hearts of loving Christendom. 
 Then will Jesus and the Father be greatly magni- 
 fied, and His whole family at last be one. 
 
 But each peculiar class of Christians may find its 
 own peculiar stirring considerations to move it to 
 much greater energy in pushing forward this high 
 and noble and many-sided improvement and amend- 
 ment of the whole family of man. 
 
 But there is no mistake about another point.
 
 41 
 
 People must become acquainted with the great 
 missionary campaign or they will not care for it. 
 For this purpose they must take time to read 
 missionary books, reports, and periodicals. "Why 
 should there not he a great penny daily missionary 
 newspaper published in London or Manchester, and 
 going over all the world? Foreign missions are 
 just now the greatest of all calls, and ought to be 
 treated as the greatest things in the world. All 
 other papers would quote largely from such a news- 
 paper. Religious people are very earnest when 
 they are awake, and all journals would find out 
 what men most want to read. But missionary 
 reading must become a purpose, a habit. Then 
 prayers will have more meaning, speeches will be 
 better. Meetings for such work will be acknow- 
 ledged far the most interesting. Individual missions 
 must be familiar — their past history to explain 
 their present hopes. What would be thought of a 
 politician that did not know France from Spain 
 and Holland from China ? But what multitudes of 
 Christians lump the missionary cause into one ! and 
 if the history of the Madagascar missions were given 
 without name, would not know that it was not the 
 history of the Mission of Tinnevelly; and if the 
 lovely work and bright death of the missionary 
 Johnson were related would not know whether he 
 laboured in Africa, India, or Asia ! Must we not 
 come to individual acquaintance with missions? 
 Shall we not almost have to come to separate sub- 
 scriptions for separate missions ? But no, not if it is 
 to be by division of " the subscription." But our 
 cycle must be — pray, read, give, and pray again. Is 
 it not literally true that many of the great 
 countries are showing initiatory signs of whitening
 
 42 
 
 to harvest ? We must learn about all that is, if we 
 wish to see come to pass all that Gocl has promised 
 to His Son. 
 
 There is one very comforting consideration under 
 the very gloomy and at present hopeless condition of 
 the heathen world ; that, if it he so, that all the 
 adult population, which has grown up in the prac- 
 tice of heathen vices, do, in the justice of a righte- 
 ous Judge and Ruler, perish in the sins in which 
 they choose to live, yet the innumerable infants 
 that perish " before they have known good or evil," 
 are assuredly given to the Saviour as a part of His 
 " screat reward." Yet if we truly read the character 
 of God, and the inklings of truth on this subject, 
 which seem to come out here and there in the Scrip- 
 tures, we believe with our Church in her special 
 teaching on Innocents' 'Day, not that they have not 
 inherited a fallen nature which has to be changed, 
 but that they have in God's inscrutable wisdom been 
 taken from this vile world before they have them- 
 selves actually sinned, and that, through God's 
 infinite mercy, they shall meet us in bliss — a mys- 
 terious " first fruit unto God and to the Lamb " ! 
 The cruel early murders of millions of heathen 
 children will actually have rescued vast multitudes 
 from the great perils which they must have met, 
 and by which they might have eternally perished ; 
 and instead of this they will form a peculiar but 
 immense company, delivered by especial grace, to 
 augment in no small proportion the host of the 
 saved, to replenish the mansions of heaven, and 
 eternally to enjoy the beatific presence of the ever- 
 blessed God. 
 
 Abundant charity to the heathen may be called 
 divine. It seems to be the divinest thing that can
 
 43 
 
 be in man — his nearest " partaking of the Divine 
 nature " — for surely the love from which it has to 
 spring is most like to God's love in bestowing His 
 greatest gift, the gift of His own and only begotten 
 Son. It is no wonder if it be as rare as it is precious 
 in the present state of the Church, and if it has been 
 rare in every age. No doubt it burned in Brainerd 
 and Ziegenbalg and Eliot, in Swartz and Buchanan 
 and Martyn, and in the great Baptist triad, that were 
 so well led by suffering Carey. No doubt it burned 
 in one here and there of the renowned servants of 
 Christ from the beginning. Nor is there room for 
 doubt that we have true successors in the ranks of 
 present missionaries, and in the body of their sup- 
 porters at home, down to the poor factory girl that 
 I heard of twenty years ago, that gave up her only 
 luxury — her lightly-scented oil for her black hair — 
 that she might lay up the price to promote Missions. 
 But if there be truth in my figures, this flame of 
 love, most like the love of God, and something higher 
 than charity for bodily wants, or even the love of 
 the true pastor for his own people, wants a general 
 rekindling. Not that it is to be fed at the expense 
 of home charities by the subtraction of aught 
 hitherto given in acknowledgment of their claims. 
 No. The abstraction must come from other depart- 
 ments of expenditure. They must yield to a pity, 
 with reverence, be it uttered, like in kind to the 
 pity of God for men's moral ruin and misery. 
 Common charity may be thought to be like to God 
 giving rain and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts 
 with food and gladness ; but love for lost souls is 
 higher. It accords in spirit with God not sparing 
 to give His Son. And, again, help to men's bodies 
 has been likened to Christ's benevolent miracles ; but
 
 14 
 
 yearning desire for the wandering souls of men is 
 the very temper in which Jesus passed to Jerusalem 
 to be nailed to the cursed cross. But if all sights of 
 spiritual destitution are as nothing to the condition 
 of the heathen world, so the longing desire for their 
 restoration is the highest and most absorbing of all 
 such charities. It is the correspondent to the ex- 
 pression toward Christ, which came from one of the 
 great men just now mentioned, "I could not endure 
 existence unless Christ were glorified." Another 
 very eminent minister in America, who could not, 
 like Martyn, leave all, used to spend one day each 
 week in lamentation and intercession for the 
 heathen world. 
 
 The Church wants to be elevated with these deep 
 sympathies for the Gentiles, that prayers and gifts, 
 gifts and prayers, abundant gifts and abundant 
 prayers, may indicate that new mercies are nigh. 
 While I write I learn from head-quarters that, 
 owing to the appeal of December 20, candidates are 
 coming forward ; and either they must be refused 
 or money must be given to send them forth. 
 
 Should we not now smite many times that the 
 enemy of souls may be widely and largely over- 
 thrown ? 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 Before annexing the tabular statement of the 
 funds of all British Missions, may not the question 
 be asked of himself by each reader, What *do I 
 intend to do for Christ's kingdom ? and shall I not 
 do something at once ? The annexed list presents
 
 45 
 
 the names of near thirty agencies from Great 
 Britain that are at work in the vineyard — i.e., in 
 the world. "Who will choose one or more of these, 
 and make a contribntion that shall perhaps in some 
 sort make np, or begin the making up for, it may 
 be, a long period of omission ? Will not many give 
 generously — the prince a princely amount, the rich 
 richly, each according to what he has, to that God 
 who knows what He has given to each ? 
 
 It is according to the tenor of this appeal to 
 specify that gifts for the Church Missionary Society, 
 which stands at the head of the following table, 
 may be paid for their account at Messrs. Williams, 
 Deacon, and Co.'s, or at the Church Missionary 
 House in Salisbury-square, Meet-street, London; and 
 that gifts for the Society for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel may be paid for their account at their house 
 in Pall-mall, London. But the places for receiving 
 money for any of the Societies are easily found, 
 and every contributor must be right in selecting the 
 channels of his benefit. Among the special objects 
 that struck the writer most forcibly at the time of 
 our Lay of Intercession, there were three that he 
 may now mention — two for India and one for 
 Africa. The two for India were (1) a proposed 
 fuller organization of Bible colportage in all India, 
 which the British and Foreign Bible Society would 
 supply, and (2) the raising of the innumerable 
 vernacular schools of India into the light of the 
 Gospel, which is being carried on by the Christian 
 Vernacular Education Society. The special object 
 for Africa is the extension of the West Africa 
 Mission, under Bishop Cheetham, to Port Loko,
 
 46 
 
 Gallinas, Melicouri, and other towns around. 
 The C. M. S. have heen encouraged by one dona- 
 tion of £1,000, given expressly for that ob- 
 ject, and I learn that the Committee are pre- 
 pared to take up the work in earnest, if only 
 ample means are placed at their disposal. The 
 desirableness of this, and of filling the College at 
 Pourah Bay, struck me after reading the Bishop's 
 appeal in "Is there not a Cause? ,: This is the 
 original Mission of the Society, whose lines were 
 drawn by Thomas Scott, the first secretary, aided by 
 Wilberforce, Gambier, Biddulph, and followed by 
 such as Pratt, Basil Woodd, Crowther, Simeon, and 
 D. Wilson. Africa is a country to which a vast 
 debt is owed, and in this part of West Africa the 
 monstrous slave-trade has, in God's wondrous provi- 
 dence, been the means of bringing hundreds to the 
 seat of Christian light and life ; and no Missions 
 have had a richer blessing, or been so deeply dyed 
 with the rich blood of Christ's devoted soldiers. 
 To extend that Mission may comfort its Bishop's 
 heart: and all who know him are aware what 
 animation such a prospect would supply under his 
 heavy trial. But enrich any devoted and faithful 
 Society ; and as a general rule it is perhaps safest 
 to give it to the General Fund of the Society, for the 
 Committee to apportion in their combined know- 
 ledge and judgment. 
 
 The following table of all the chief missionary 
 agencies for carrying Christ's Gospel to the heathen 
 is extracted from the universal account of all Chris- 
 tian agencies in the " Colonial Church Chronicle," 
 December, 1872. It is for the year ending March,
 
 47 
 
 1872, and does not include Bible or Tract Societies, 
 or monies raised and expended in the Mission fields 
 themselves, or the Government grants in aid of 
 schools : — 
 
 of th 
 
 in 
 
 tl: 
 
 Church Missionary Society 
 "Wesleyan „ ,, 
 
 Society for the Propagation 
 
 Gospel (moiety of the whole) . 
 London Missionary Society 
 Baptist „ „ 
 
 United Presbyterian Missions 
 Free Church of Scotland Missions 
 Church of Scotland Missions 
 Moravian Missions 
 English Presbyterian Missions 
 South American Missions . 
 Primitive Methodist Missions 
 British Syrian Schools 
 United Methodist Free Churches 
 Society for Female Education 
 
 East ..... 
 
 Methodist New Connexion Missions 
 Christian Vernacular Education Society 
 Indian Female Normal School Society 
 Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Missions 
 General Baptist Missions 
 Columbia Mission 
 Friends' Foreign Missions . 
 Christian Faith Society for West Indies 
 McKenzie Memorial Mission 
 Wesleyan Ladies' Female Educati 
 
 Mission ..... 
 Cape Town Association 
 Coral Mission Fund 
 Assam and Cachar 
 Eton Melanesian 
 Maritzburg Society 
 Natal Guild .... 
 
 Edinburgh Medical Missions 
 South Travancore Missions 
 
 £ s. 
 
 d. 
 
 . 157,132 16 
 
 10 
 
 . 120,065 14 
 
 11 
 
 . 47,917 11 
 
 9 
 
 . 90,391 9 
 
 7 
 
 . 32,490 18 
 
 
 
 . 31,318 4 
 
 1 
 
 . 36,234 13 
 
 2 
 
 . 20,574 2 
 
 4 
 
 . 18,325 
 
 
 
 . 7,428 13 
 
 9 
 
 . 6,801 17 
 
 4 
 
 . 6,720 11 
 
 10 
 
 . 6,165 
 
 
 
 . 4,992 15 
 
 1 
 
 e 
 
 . 4,400 10 
 
 4 
 
 . 4,308 11 
 
 9 
 
 y 4,191 12 
 
 9 
 
 3,888 6 
 
 6 
 
 . 3,572 12 
 
 
 
 . 3,561 
 
 
 . 3,532 18 
 
 3 
 
 . 2,521 10 
 
 9 
 
 ;s 2,176 
 
 
 
 . 1,732 3 
 
 4 
 
 n 
 
 . 1,305 
 
 1 
 
 . 1,291 11 
 
 10 
 
 . 1,198 2 
 
 
 
 502 12 
 
 4 
 
 . 228 
 
 
 
 191 
 
 
 
 175 13 
 
 1 
 
 . 1,849 14 
 
 7 
 
 187 5 
 
 
 
 £627,553 13 
 
 6
 
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